Nassau Street Known originally as “The Street that Runs by the Pye Woman” And was named in honor of The House of Nassau Whose head at the time was William the Third King of England And sometime Stadtholder of the Dutch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20080922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cable Building (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Schimenti in 1989. Part of the ground floor and all of the second floor has been occupied since 2002 by a 40,217 square-foot Crate & Barrel store. Offices tenant the other seven floors. The building was designated as part of the NoHo Historic District in 1999 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The report stated: However, the Cable Building is not currently listed in its own right on the National Register of Historic Places. Cable Building (New York City) The Cable Building is located at 611 Broadway at the northwest corner with Houston Street in NoHo and Greenwich\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17901812\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cable Building (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"at 900 Broadway, which Christopher Gray, writing in the New York Times called a \\\"sleek, sophisticated amalgam of industrial-style brickwork\\\"; and the long-gone 1890 Hotel Imperial, also built for the Goelet family, at Broadway and 32nd Street. Stanford White was the partner in charge for both of these projects for the family and was a close friend. The Cable Building's dual use as both a major powerhouse and an approximately 140,000 square-foot modern office building appears unique in the McKim, Mead & White portfolio. The firm, however, designed two other significant power house structures, both in New York State: the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17901804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Princess Theatre (New York City, 1913–1955)\",\n \"text\": \"in 1955, the little theatre was torn down, replaced by an office building. Princess Theatre (New York City, 1913–1955) The Princess Theatre was a joint venture between the Shubert Brothers, producer Ray Comstock, theatrical agent Elisabeth Marbury and actor-director Holbrook Blinn. Built on a narrow slice of land located at 104-106 West 39th Street, just off Sixth Avenue in New York City, and seating just 299 people, it was one of the smallest Broadway theatres when it opened in early 1913. The architect was William A. Swasey, who designed the Winter Garden Theatre two years earlier. Though small, the theatre\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7470922\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Orleans Tower\",\n \"text\": \"Orleans Tower Orleans Tower (formerly Amoco Building), located at 1340 Poydras Street in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, is a 20-story, skyscraper designed in the international style by 3D/International. The international style grew in popularity during the sixties and seventies after the world-renowned architect Mies Van Der Rohe designed the Seagram Building on Park Ave in New York City and Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill designed the Sears Tower in the heart of downtown Chicago. The building is primarily used for leaseable office space, with some retail space on the ground level. The design of the building can\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9960068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gene Summers (architect)\",\n \"text\": \"Mies van der Rohe, where he received his master's degree in 1951. From 1950 until 1966 Summers served as project architect for Mies van der Rohe, working on important commissions such as the Seagram Building in New York City and the National Gallery in Berlin. In 1967 he became partner in charge of design in the Chicago architectural firm of C. F. Murphy Associates, where he remained until 1973. His best-known project from that time, the McCormick Place convention center in Chicago, was completed in 1970. From 1973 until 1985 Summers, in association with Phyllis Lambert, worked as a real\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16196158\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cable Building (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Cable Building (New York City) The Cable Building is located at 611 Broadway at the northwest corner with Houston Street in NoHo and Greenwich Village, in Manhattan, New York City. Since it spans a block, the Cable Building also has addresses of 2-18 West Houston Street and 178-188 Mercer Street. The Cable Building was built in 1892-1894. It is a steel and iron frame structure with brick, stone, and terra-cotta facing. It has a limestone base with a two-story arcade featuring show windows graced by iron spandrels and elegant keystones. It also has a prominent copper cornice with lions' faces,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17901798\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"City Architect of Birmingham\",\n \"text\": \"the council’s building maintenance division, and the once prestigious and influential department effectively ceased to exist. City Architect of Birmingham The City Architect of Birmingham was a high-ranking position within the Public Works department of Birmingham City Council and provided the holder with a lot of power in the planning decisions of Birmingham, especially in the post-war period in which Birmingham underwent enormous regeneration. Combined with the City Engineer position, which was held by Sir Herbert Manzoni, the City Architect designed or had an important say in all city council building projects. The position was created in the 1950s by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12827630\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"City Architect of Birmingham\",\n \"text\": \"City Architect of Birmingham The City Architect of Birmingham was a high-ranking position within the Public Works department of Birmingham City Council and provided the holder with a lot of power in the planning decisions of Birmingham, especially in the post-war period in which Birmingham underwent enormous regeneration. Combined with the City Engineer position, which was held by Sir Herbert Manzoni, the City Architect designed or had an important say in all city council building projects. The position was created in the 1950s by the Public Works department to assist the design and construction of large building projects that were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12827604\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Old Nassau County Courthouse (New York)\",\n \"text\": \"a ceremony to celebrate the building which now will be known as the Theodore Roosevelt Executive and Legislative Building. Old Nassau County Courthouse (New York) The Old Nassau County Courthouse, also known as the Nassau County Courthouse and the Historic Nassau County Courthouse, is an historic 2-story courthouse building located at 1550 Franklin Avenue in Garden City, Nassau County, New York. Designed by noted New York City architect William B. Tubby in the Classical Revival style of architecture with a grand rotunda capped by a white dome, it was built of poured-in-place reinforced concrete. Then governor Theodore Roosevelt laid its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14785124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bennett Building (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Republic Nassau Street became identified with The jewelry trade More than half a century ago. The building's vertical layout includes: Informational notes Citations Bennett Building (New York City) The Bennett Building is a landmark structure in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City The building is located along Nassau Street, for the entire block from Fulton Street to Ann Street. Having frontage on all three streets, it has three street addresses: 93-99 Nassau Street, 139 Fulton Street, and 30 Ann Street. Its key feature is a fully realized cast-iron facade, the largest known such example. The building's three\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20080923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The New York Times Building\",\n \"text\": \"the site was assembled, it was leased to The New York Times Company and Forest City Ratner for $85.6 million over 99 years (considerably below market value). Additionally, The New York Times Company received $26.1 million in tax breaks. The \\\"Times\\\" itself occupies 628,000 square feet on the 2nd to 21st floors, with the remainder leased to tenants. On December 16, 2016, \\\"The New York Times\\\" announced that it was vacating at least 8 of the floors in order to generate rental income. The tower was designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop and FXFOWLE Architects, with Gensler providing interior design.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7277821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Candler Building (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Candler Building (New York City) The Candler Building is a historic skyscraper located in Times Square, Manhattan, New York, New York. The Candler Building was built between 1912 and 1914 by Coca-Cola magnate Asa Griggs Candler of Atlanta. It consists of a five bay, 24-story section fronting on 42nd street and a three bay, 17-story section fronting on 41st street. The main facade on 42nd street consists of a three-story base, a midsection from the fourth through 17th story, and a crown from the 18th to 24th story. It features white terra cotta a round arched windows on the 42nd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12520098\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Candler Building (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Places in 1982. Candler Building (New York City) The Candler Building is a historic skyscraper located in Times Square, Manhattan, New York, New York. The Candler Building was built between 1912 and 1914 by Coca-Cola magnate Asa Griggs Candler of Atlanta. It consists of a five bay, 24-story section fronting on 42nd street and a three bay, 17-story section fronting on 41st street. The main facade on 42nd street consists of a three-story base, a midsection from the fourth through 17th story, and a crown from the 18th to 24th story. It features white terra cotta a round arched windows\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12520100\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"New York City Center\",\n \"text\": \"contribute $3 million to the City Opera and $3 million to the City Ballet, which covered the purchase of the air rights ... and to spend $5.5 million to renovate the theater in exchange for the 20 percent space bonus.\\\" The renovations were designed by the architect Bernard Rothzeid. In 1994, New York City Center launched its first Encores! Great American Musicals in Concert productions. The popular series, which continues to this day, spawned the Broadway revivals of \\\"Chicago\\\", \\\"Wonderful Town\\\", \\\"The Apple Tree\\\", \\\"Gypsy\\\" (2008), and \\\"Finian's Rainbow\\\". Those Broadway productions were produced independently of City Center, but with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15342863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Union Club of the City of New York\",\n \"text\": \"Union Club of the City of New York The Union Club of the City of New York (commonly referred to as the Union Club) is a private club in New York City, founded in 1836. It is located at East 69th Street and Park Avenue in a landmark building designed by Delano & Aldrich that opened on August 28, 1933. The Union Club is the oldest private club in New York City and the third oldest in the United States, after The Old Colony Club, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which was founded in 1769, and the Philadelphia Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7850344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The New York Times Building\",\n \"text\": \"The lighting design for the building's nighttime identity was designed by the Office for Visual Interaction Inc. The tower rises from the street to its roof, with the exterior curtain wall extending higher to , and a mast rising to . , the building was tied with the Chrysler Building as the fourth-tallest building in New York City, due to the unfinished One World Trade Center exceeding their height. The tower is also the tenth-tallest building in the United States. The steel-framed building, cruciform in plan, has a screen of \\\" (41.3 mm) ceramic rods mounted on the exterior of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7277822\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854)\",\n \"text\": \"Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854) Madison Square Presbyterian Church was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the southeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. Construction on the church began in 1853 and was completed in 1854. It was designed by Richard M. Upjohn, the son of noted architect Richard Upjohn, in the Gothic Revival architectural style. The congregation's original building was acquired by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and was demolished in 1909 to make way for the 48-story Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower. In exchange, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14341461\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Parker Building (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Parker Building. Mihran Karagheusian was threatened by Parseg Nevrovzyan several months prior to the fire. Nevrovzyan vowed to inflict $200,000 in damages to the Karagheusian business, but did not name the Parker Building in making his threat. Nevrovzyan was arrested. He promised to reveal to the Turkish government a revolutionary plot which he claimed Karagheusian's brother, Arshag, was interested in. Arshag resided in Constantinople. Parker Building (New York City) The Parker Building was a 12-story office and loft structure completed in 1900 at the southeast corner of Fourth Avenue and 19th Street, in Manhattan. The edifice occupied ground which was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12474157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Madison Green (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"the mid-1970s, when the neighborhood, now known as the Flatiron District, was at its nadir, it was announced that an apartment building would be built on the site, but the building was not actually constructed until 1982, signalling a change in the area's fortunes. The building was designed by Philip Birnbaum, with interior public spaces designed by David Kenneth Spector. Madison Green (New York City) Madison Green is a 31-story, 424-unit condominium apartment building located on the corner of East 23rd Street and Broadway, across from Madison Square, in the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The building's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15371430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shubert Theatre (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"In \\\"Brian's Play\\\", an episode of the animated TV series \\\"Family Guy\\\", Stewie Griffin's play \\\"An American Marriage\\\" is poorly received after being staged at the Shubert Theatre. Shubert Theatre (New York City) The Shubert Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 225 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Henry Beaumont Herts, it was named after Sam S. Shubert, the second oldest of the three brothers of the theatrical producing family. It shares a Venetian Renaissance facade with the adjoining Booth Theatre, which was constructed at the same time, although the two have distinctly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6279520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shubert Theatre (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Shubert Theatre (New York City) The Shubert Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 225 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Henry Beaumont Herts, it was named after Sam S. Shubert, the second oldest of the three brothers of the theatrical producing family. It shares a Venetian Renaissance facade with the adjoining Booth Theatre, which was constructed at the same time, although the two have distinctly different interiors. The two theatres are connected by a private road/sidewalk, \\\"Shubert Alley\\\". It opened on October 2, 1913 with Hamlet, starring Sir John Forbes-Robertson, followed by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6279517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"New York County Courthouse\",\n \"text\": \"I. It replaced the former New York County Courthouse on Chambers Street, popularly known as the Tweed Courthouse. Both the interior and exterior are New York City Landmarks. The selection of the article was done by a design competition, which was won by Boston architect Guy Lowell in 1913. Lowell originally proposed a circular building, to be built at the vastly expensive sum of $20 to $30 million. Construction was delayed by World War I and the design was remade as a smaller and less expensive hexagonal building—a Temple of Justice. The building was designed in the Roman classical style.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15520341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Church of the Sacred Heart (Bronx, New York)\",\n \"text\": \"Church of the Sacred Heart (Bronx, New York) The Church of the Sacred Heart is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 1253 Shakespeare Avenue (West 168 Street), Bronx, New York City 10452. The church building was designed by architect Elliott Lynch, who designed several other Catholic churches and parish schools. The church is connected with a school of the same name. The \\\"New York Times\\\" reported in 1910: \\\"New Bronx Church: Plans were filed for a new brick church and rectory to replace the present frame edifices of the Sacred Heart\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14276837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"LaSalle City Building\",\n \"text\": \"LaSalle City Building The LaSalle City Building is the historic civic hall building in LaSalle, Illinois, United States. Completed in 1907, the hall exemplifies early 20th-century trends in city management. The idea of a new city building for LaSalle, Illinois came from Walter A. Panneck, who served as mayor from 1903 to 1909. However, the city treasury did not have the funds to match Panneck's vision. To raise enough money for the structure, 450 bonds of $100 were issued, 422 of which were sold. The building was designed by Victor Andre Matteson, a relatively obscure architect who previously worked under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17837317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comedy Theatre (New York City)\",\n \"text\": \"Comedy Theatre (New York City) The Comedy Theatre was a Broadway theatre located at 110 West 41st Street in Manhattan that opened in 1909. It presented the first Broadway appearances of Katharine Cornell and Ruth Draper, as well as Eugene O'Neill's first Broadway play. Shuttered in the wake of the Depression, it reopened in 1937 as the Mercury Theatre — the venue for Orson Welles's groundbreaking adaptation of Shakespeare's \\\"Julius Caesar\\\" and other productions for the Mercury Theatre repertory company. In 1939 it began presenting classic Yiddish theatre. The building was demolished in 1942. Architect D. G. Malcolm designed the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18953542\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["philip cortelyou johnson","philip johnson","philip johnson (architect)"],"string":"[\n \"philip cortelyou johnson\",\n \"philip johnson\",\n \"philip johnson (architect)\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":575,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who first coined the term apartheid?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Social apartheid","text":"overcome, such as in Venezuela where the supporters of Hugo Chavez identify social apartheid as a reality which the wealthy try to maintain and Brazil, where the term was coined to describe a situation where wealthy neighbourhoods are protected from the general population by walls, electric barbed wire and private security guards and where inhabitants of the poor slums are subjected to violence. The term social apartheid has also been used to explain and describe the ghettoization of Muslim immigrants to Europe in impoverished suburbs and as a cause of rioting and other violence. A notable case is the social","psg_id":"10659570"},{"title":"Global apartheid","text":"Global apartheid Global apartheid is a term used to mean minority rule in international decision-making. The term comes from apartheid, the system of governmental that ruled South Africa until 27 April 1994 when people of all races were able to vote as equals for the first time. The concept of global apartheid has been developed by many researchers, including Titus Alexander, Bruno Amoroso, Patrick Bond, Gernot Kohler, Arjun Makhijiani, Ali Mazuri, Vandana Shiva, Anthony H. Richmond, Joseph Nevins, Muhammed Asadi, Gustav Fridolin, and many others. The first use of the term may have been by Gernot Koehler in a 1978","psg_id":"16678400"},{"title":"Technological apartheid","text":"Iran as technological apartheid. Some of the technologies in question are dual-use technologies, advanced technologies which can have both civilian and military applications. Some commentators allege that the issue of dual-use technologies is a red herring, and that some advanced-sector nations, who wish to keep the Third World nations as poor client states, withhold technologies that are essential for economic development, using the pretext that they will be used for military purposes. Technological apartheid Technological apartheid is the denial of useful modern technologies to Third World or developing nations. The term is based upon the South African term \"apartheid\", partly","psg_id":"12301865"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria at the time that the Population Registration Act was implemented to determine who was Coloured. Minor officials would administer tests to determine if someone should be categorised either Coloured or Black, or if another person should be categorised either Coloured or White. Different members of the same family found themselves in different race groups. Further tests determined membership of the various sub-racial groups of the Coloureds. Many of those formerly classified as Coloured are opposed to the continuing use of the term \"coloured\" in the post-apartheid era, though the term no","psg_id":"5504616"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"1980–90s, when Uri Davis, Meron Benvenisti, Richard Locke and Anthony Stewart employed the term 'apartheid' to describe Israel's treatment of the Palestinians. In the 1990s, the term \"Israeli apartheid\" gained prominence after Israel, as a result of the Oslo Accords, granted the Palestinians limited self-government in the form of the Palestinian Authority and established a system of permits and checkpoints in the Palestinian Territories. The apartheid accusation has gained additional traction following Israel's construction of the West Bank Barrier. By 2013 the analogy between the West Bank and Bantustans of apartheid-era South Africa was widely drawn in international circles. Also","psg_id":"7914552"},{"title":"Gender apartheid","text":"physical harm. The term \"gender apartheid\" stems from South Africa's racial apartheid that instituted a system of white supremacy () and separated the country's majority black inhabitants from whites. Afrikaans for \"apartness\" or \"separateness\", the use of the term \"apartheid\" to refer to gender reflects a human rights violation that entails both separation and oppression. In defining apartheid, Dr. Anthony Löwstedt wrote: The concept of separateness in itself does not necessarily imply that any group is or will be favored over any other... The distinctive characteristic of apartheid and of other kinds of oppressive segregation is that political, economic, social,","psg_id":"7933993"},{"title":"Technological apartheid","text":"Technological apartheid Technological apartheid is the denial of useful modern technologies to Third World or developing nations. The term is based upon the South African term \"apartheid\", partly refers to the practice of keeping certain populations in a separate, lower-class status. It has been used to describe situations that are unintended, such as the absence of computers and information technology in the favelas of Brazil or other impoverished areas. The term also applies to the deliberate denial of technology for geopolitical or neocolonialist reasons. The government of Iran has characterized the efforts by Western governments to deny nuclear technology to","psg_id":"12301864"},{"title":"Global apartheid","text":"Working Paper for the World Order Models Project. In 1995 Koehler develop this in \"The Three Meanings of Global Apartheid: Empirical, Normative, Existential\". Its best known use was by Thabo Mbeki, then-President of South Africa, in a 2002 speech, drawing comparisons of the status of the world's people, economy, and access to natural resources to the apartheid era. Mbeki got the term from Titus Alexander, initiator of Charter 99, a campaign for global democracy, who was also present at the UN Millennium Summit and gave him a copy of \"Unravelling Global Apartheid\". Minority rule in global governance is based on","psg_id":"16678401"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"and eliminate the homelands completely. Serious political violence was a prominent feature from 1985–89, as Black townships became the focus of the struggle between anti-apartheid organisations and the Botha government. Throughout the 1980s, township people resisted apartheid by acting against the local issues that faced their particular communities. The focus of much of this resistance was against the local authorities and their leaders, who were seen to be supporting the government. By 1985, it had become the ANC's aim to make Black townships \"ungovernable\" (a term later replaced by \"people's power\") by means of rent boycotts and other militant action.","psg_id":"5504682"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"standard of treatment for Non-White employees across many professions. Many Indians described a sense of justified superiority from Whites due to the apartheid laws that, in the minds of White South Africans, legitimised those feelings. Another finding of this study was the psychological damage down to Indians living in South Africa during apartheid. One of the biggest long-term effects was inter-racial mistrust. Inter-racial mistrust is emotional hatred towards Whites. There was such a strong degree of alienation that left damaging psychological effects of inferiority. Chinese South Africanswho were descendants of migrant workers who came to work in the gold mines","psg_id":"5504628"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"Strip. The word has been compared to the term \"Apartheid\" by scholars and commentators, and by some that hafrada and apartheid are equivalent The Israeli West Bank barrier, (in Hebrew, \"Geder Ha'hafrada\" or \"separation fence\") the associated controls on the movement of Palestinians posed by West Bank Closures; and Israel's unilateral disengagement from Gaza have been cited as examples of hafrada. Aaron Klieman has distinguished between partition plans based on \"hafrada\", which he translated as \"detachment\"; and \"hipardut\", translated as \"disengagement.\" Since its first public introductions, the concept-turned-policy or paradigm has dominated Israeli political and cultural discourse and debate. In","psg_id":"7914556"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"led to violations of Apartheid \"on a massive scale\" throughout the nation, simply because there were not enough white South African business owners to meet the demand for various goods and services. Large portions of the garment industry and construction of new homes, for example, were effectively owned and operated by blacks, who either worked surreptitiously or who circumvented the law with a white person as a nominal, figurehead manager. In 1983, anti-apartheid leaders determined to resist the tricameral parliament assembled to form the United Democratic Front (UDF) in order to coordinate anti-apartheid activism inside South Africa. The first presidents","psg_id":"5504638"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"reported to the city's executive committee that the use of the phrase 'Israeli apartheid' does not violate the City's Anti-discrimination policy, nor does it constitute discrimination under the Canadian Criminal Code or the Ontario Human Rights Code. In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase \"Israeli apartheid\", as part of a resolution recognizing the gay Pride Toronto parade as a \"significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity\". The resolution said it slams the term Israel Apartheid for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing \"the suffering experienced by individuals during the","psg_id":"7914617"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"2014, United Nations Special Rapporteur Richard A. Falk used the term in his \"Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967\". In 1973 the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (ICSPCA) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. The ICSPCA defines the crime of apartheid as \"inhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group ... over another racial group ... and systematically oppressing them\". In 2002 the crime of apartheid was further defined by Article 7","psg_id":"7914557"},{"title":"Apartheid legislation","text":"Government Gazette of South Africa (known as the Afrikaans term \"Staatskoerant\" during Apartheid). This was the official medium used by the Apartheid government in South Africa to communicate with the public. This medium continues to be used today by the post apartheid governments although publication of the gazette have stopped and is no longer available in the courts as before. The gazette is available through paid subscription on an internet website. Although apartheid as a comprehensive legislative project truly began after the National Party came into power in 1948, many of these statutes were preceded by the laws of the","psg_id":"8889533"},{"title":"Social apartheid in Brazil","text":"socially and keep them and the poverty they represent hidden from lives of the wealthy elite. According to Hecht, the persistent presence of these children \"embod[ies] the failure of an unacknowledged social apartheid to keep the poor out of view.\" Social apartheid is a common theme in studies of the implications of Brazil's huge income disparities, The term \"social apartheid\" (and the inequities associated with it) are recognized as a serious issue even by Brazil's elites, who benefit from it: Despite decades of impressive economic growth, the striking social inequities remain. In a recent survey of 1,500 of the most","psg_id":"9961443"},{"title":"Social apartheid in Brazil","text":"Social apartheid in Brazil The term social apartheid has been used to describe various aspects of economic inequality in Brazil by drawing a parallel with the South African apartheid regime. This contradicts the notion that Brazil's race problem is one of wolf crying or racial democracy. According to Maria Helena Moreira Alves, early twentieth century inequalities between rich and poor in Brazil were exacerbated by the differing treatment of urban migrants during and after the Great Depression. Internal migrants, who were mainly descended from Amerindians or African slaves, were given no government assistance or training in adapting to large urban","psg_id":"9961434"},{"title":"Social apartheid","text":"situation in the French suburbs, in which largely impoverished Muslim immigrants being concentrated in particular housing projects, and being provided with an inferior standard of infrastructure and social services. The issue of urban apartheid in France was highlighted as such in the aftermath of the 2005 civil unrest in France. It has also be used to describe the segregation in Northern Ireland. In South Africa, the term \"social apartheid\" has been used to describe persistent post-apartheid forms of exclusion and de facto segregation which exist based on class but which have a racial component because the poor are almost entirely","psg_id":"10659571"},{"title":"Gender apartheid","text":"and even geographic conditions are created consciously and systematically in order to forcibly separate groups, invariably to the benefit—at least the short-term benefit—of at least one of the groups, but never, or only accidentally, to the benefit of all of them. It is important to note that gender apartheid is a universal phenomenon and therefore is not confined to South Africa. While reports of gender apartheid have most frequently arisen in the context of Islamic culture, it is prevalent around the world. Some human rights advocates have argued for sanctions against states practicing gender apartheid, similar to those imposed on","psg_id":"7933994"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"is celebrated as a public holiday known as Freedom Day. The following individuals, who had previously supported apartheid, made public apologies: Apartheid Apartheid (South African English: ; , lit. \"separateness\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on \"baasskap\" (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day. Broadly speaking, apartheid was","psg_id":"5504721"},{"title":"Social apartheid in Brazil","text":"Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2011) was quoted in 2002 by Mark Weisbrot in \"The Nation\" as saying he was \"fighting to bring the poor of Brazil out of economic apartheid\". His loss in the Presidential election of 1994 to Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1994–2002) has been attributed in part to the fear Lula aroused in the middle class by his \"denunciations of the social apartheid which permeated Brazilian society.\" Social apartheid in Brazil The term social apartheid has been used to describe various aspects of economic inequality in Brazil by drawing a parallel with the South African apartheid regime. This","psg_id":"9961447"},{"title":"Death of Apartheid","text":"named \"Tomorrow Is Another Country\". Death of Apartheid Death of Apartheid (US title: Mandela's Fight For Freedom) is the name of a three-part documentary series about the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa and the first fully democratic election that followed. The series was first broadcast in May 1995, and produced by Brian Lapping Associates (now part of Ten Alps company) for the BBC, and co-produced by the Dutch broadcaster VPRO, the South African broadcaster SABC, and the Japanese broadcaster NHK. The series was largely written and researched by Allister Sparks, who also narrated it. The series was accompanied","psg_id":"17121934"},{"title":"Death of Apartheid","text":"Death of Apartheid Death of Apartheid (US title: Mandela's Fight For Freedom) is the name of a three-part documentary series about the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa and the first fully democratic election that followed. The series was first broadcast in May 1995, and produced by Brian Lapping Associates (now part of Ten Alps company) for the BBC, and co-produced by the Dutch broadcaster VPRO, the South African broadcaster SABC, and the Japanese broadcaster NHK. The series was largely written and researched by Allister Sparks, who also narrated it. The series was accompanied by a book by Sparks,","psg_id":"17121933"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"resources and access to state welfare resources \"fully justify the classification of Israel as an apartheid State.\" Other prominent South African anti-apartheid activists have used apartheid comparisons to criticize the occupation of the West Bank, and particularly the construction of the separation barrier. These include Farid Esack, a writer who is currently William Henry Bloomberg Visiting Professor at Harvard Divinity School, Ronnie Kasrils, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Dennis Goldberg, and Arun Ghandhi, In 2008 a delegation of African National Congress (ANC) veterans visited Israel and the Occupied Territories, and said that in some respects it was worse than apartheid. In May 2018,","psg_id":"7914608"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"which brought Black, Indian, and Coloured national associations into one body that opposed apartheid. This was generally opposed more and more by the growing apartheid government, andwith urban segregation being reinforced with ongoing racist policiesit was harder to play football along these racial lines. In 1956, the Pretoria regimethe administrative capital of South Africapassed the first apartheid sports policy; by doing so, it emphasised the White-led government's opposition to inter-racialism. While football was plagued by racism, it also played a role in protesting apartheid and its policies. With the international bans from FIFA and other major sporting events, South Africa","psg_id":"5504622"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"violent and most corrupt\" in Philippine modern history, with the term \"Three Gs\", meaning \"guns, goons, and gold\" coined to describe administration's election tactics of vote-buying, terrorism and ballot snatching. Marcos used the military and the government bureaucracy for his campaign, and also went on a campaign spending spree, initiating USD50 million worth in infrastructure projects meant to impress the electorate. The most infamous incidents of violence took place in Batanes, where Philippine Constabulary officers, paramilitary groups and hired guns essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders.","psg_id":"20739523"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"the Musicians' Union in the UK announced a boycott of the government. The first South African activist to receive widespread attention outside South Africa was Steve Biko when he died in police custody in 1977. His death inspired a number of songs from artists outside the country, including from Tom Paxton and Peter Hamill. The most famous of these was the song \"Biko\" by Peter Gabriel. U2 lead singer Bono was among the people who said that the song was the first time he had heard about apartheid. A cultural boycott of the apartheid government had been suggested in 1954","psg_id":"19994270"},{"title":"Queers Against Israeli Apartheid","text":"3, the day of the 2011 Pride Parade, in the heart of Toronto's historic LGBT district. The banner read \"Support Palestinian Queers, Boycott Israeli Tourism.\" In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase \"Israeli apartheid,\" as part of a resolution recognizing the gay Pride Toronto parade as a “significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity.” The resolution said it slams the term Israel Apartheid for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing “the suffering experienced by individuals during the apartheid regime in South Africa.” Pride Toronto's Dispute Resolution Committee, composed of","psg_id":"14379842"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"of music to raise awareness about apartheid paid off: a survey after the concert found that among people aged between 16 and 24, three-fourths knew of Nelson Mandela, and supported his release from prison. Although the cultural boycott had succeeded in isolating the apartheid government culturally, it also affected musicians who had worked against apartheid within South Africa; thus Johnny Clegg and Savuka were forbidden from playing at the concert. The lyrics of anti-apartheid protest music often used subversive meanings hidden under innocuous lyrics, partially as a consequence of the censorship that they experienced. Purely musical techniques were also used","psg_id":"19994279"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"of \"presenting an alternative vision of culture in a future democratic South Africa.\" Music scholar Anne Schumann writes that music protesting apartheid became a part of Western popular culture, and the \"moral outrage\" about apartheid in the west was influenced by this music. The cultural boycott, and the criticism that Paul Simon received for breaking it, was an example of how closely connected music had become to politics with respect to apartheid. There has been occasional tension between those musicians who went into exile, and were therefore able to perform for, and raise awareness among, much larger audiences, and anti-apartheid","psg_id":"19994299"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"registration of cars, the indignity of having to produce a permit, and long queues at checkpoints as worse than what they had experienced during apartheid. But she also thought the apartheid comparison was a potential \"red herring\":\"... the context is different and the debate on whether this is Apartheid or not deflects from the real issue of occupation, encroachment of more land, building of the wall and the indignity of the occupation and the conduct of the military and police. I saw the check point at Nablus, I met with Palestinians in Hebron, I met the villagers who are against","psg_id":"7914610"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"Apartheid Apartheid (South African English: ; , lit. \"separateness\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on \"baasskap\" (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day. Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into \"petty apartheid\", which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and \"grand apartheid\", which dictated housing and","psg_id":"5504560"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"centred on separating races on a large scale, by compelling people to live in separate places defined by race. This strategy was in part adopted from \"left-over\" British rule that separated different racial groups after they took control of the Boer republics in the Anglo-Boer war. This created the black-only \"townships\" or \"locations\", where blacks were relocated to their own towns. In addition, \"petty apartheid\" laws were passed. The principal apartheid laws were as follows. The first grand apartheid law was the Population Registration Act of 1950, which formalised racial classification and introduced an identity card for all persons over","psg_id":"5504582"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"Canadian political scientist Anne Bayefsky wrote that the apartheid label was used by Arab states at the Durban World Conference on Racism in 2001 was part of a campaign to delegitimize Israel and to legitimize violence against Israeli citizens. A number of sitting Israeli premiers have warned that Israel could become like apartheid South Africa. It was reported that Israel's first prime minister, David Ben Gurion, warned in 1967 following the Six-Day War that Israel would become an apartheid state if it did not rid itself of the occupied territories as soon as possible. Prime minister Yizhak Rabin warned in","psg_id":"7914614"},{"title":"Crime of apartheid","text":"defines the crime of apartheid as below: For the purpose of the present Convention, the term 'the crime of apartheid', which shall include similar policies and practices of racial segregation and discrimination as practiced in southern Africa, shall apply to the following inhumane acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically oppressing them: According to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, This definition does not make any difference between discrimination based on ethnicity and race, in","psg_id":"842653"},{"title":"Crime of apartheid","text":"after 20 countries had ratified it. They were: Benin, Bulgaria, Belarus, Chad, Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Guinea, Hungary, Iraq, Mongolia, Poland, Qatar, Somalia, Syria, Ukraine, the USSR, the United Arab Emirates, Tanzania, Yugoslavia. \"As such, apartheid was declared to be a crime against humanity, with a scope that went far beyond South Africa. While the crime of apartheid is most often associated with the racist policies of South Africa after 1948, the term more generally refers to racially based policies in any state.\" Seventy-six other countries subsequently signed on, but a number of nations, including western","psg_id":"842649"},{"title":"Israeli Apartheid Week","text":"According to IAW organizers, there has been \"a sharp increase of literature and analysis that has sought to document and challenge Israeli apartheid, including reports issued by major international bodies and human rights organizations and findings published by political leaders, thinkers, academics, and activists.\" The University of Toronto president, David Naylor, said of the week featuring the events \"this isn’t [my] favourite time of year.\" However, Dr. Naylor responded to objections from the \"Friends of the Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies\", in signing a statement that declared, \"We do, in fact, recognize that the term Israeli Apartheid is upsetting","psg_id":"11548664"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"Israel and the apartheid analogy The Israeli apartheid analogy compares Israel's treatment of Palestinians to South Africa's treatment of non-whites during its apartheid era within the context of the crime of apartheid. With respect to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, Israel's critics have repeatedly denounced it of practising a system akin to apartheid against Arabs and Palestinians. Israel has been described as an \"apartheid\" state by some scholars, United Nations investigators, human rights groups critical of Israeli policy and supporters of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement against Israel. The description has also been used by several Israeli former politicians. Critics","psg_id":"7914546"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"groups did. The UDF, coupled with the protection of the church, accordingly permitted a major role for Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who served both as a prominent domestic voice and international spokesperson denouncing apartheid and urging the creation of a shared nonracial state. Although the majority of whites supported apartheid, some 20 percent did not. Parliamentary opposition was galvanised by Helen Suzman, Colin Eglin and Harry Schwarz, who formed the Progressive Federal Party. Extra-parliamentary resistance was largely centred in the South African Communist Party and women's organisation the Black Sash. Women were also notable in their involvement in trade union organisations","psg_id":"5504640"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"examples of music in the movement against apartheid. Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid,","psg_id":"19994302"},{"title":"The Who","text":"hits as the Detours, and R&B in 1963. The group move to a mod sound the following year, particularly after hearing the Small Faces fuse Motown with a harsher R&B sound. The group's early work was geared towards singles, though it was not straightforward pop. In 1967, Townshend coined the term \"power pop\" to describe the Who's style. Like their contemporaries, the group were influenced by the arrival of Hendrix, particularly after the Who and the Experience met at Monterey. This and lengthy touring strengthened the band's sound. In the studio, they began to develop softer pieces, particularly from \"Tommy\"","psg_id":"470500"},{"title":"Social apartheid","text":"of the South African apartheid, this is defined by the reassignation of the four racial groups defined by the Population Registration Act of 1950, into group areas as outlined by the Group Areas Act of 1950. Outside of the South African context, the term has also come to be used to refer to ghettoization of minority populations in cities within particular suburbs or neighbourhoods. The term has become common in Latin America in particular in societies where the polarization between rich and poor has become pronounced and has been identified in public policy as a problem that needs to be","psg_id":"10659569"},{"title":"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics","text":"been a leading anti-apartheid campaigner and advocate of sports boycotts. In June 1991, the Population Registration Act, 1950, a cornerstone of apartheid legislation, was repealed by the government of F. W. de Klerk, and in July an INOCSA delegation met with the Apartheid and Olympism Commission at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne. The IOC recognised INOCSA on 9 July 1991, such that the \"interim\" was removed from its name (NOCSA). It first competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The official flag of South Africa and national anthem \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" were still the apartheid-era ones, but the","psg_id":"17369792"},{"title":"Anti-Apartheid Movement","text":"Anti-Apartheid Movement The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-White population who were persecuted by the policies of apartheid. The AAM changed its name to in 1994, when South Africa achieved majority rule through free and fair elections, in which all races could vote. In response to an appeal by Albert Luthuli, the Boycott Movement was founded in London on 26 June 1959 at a meeting of South African exiles and their supporters. Members","psg_id":"4674700"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"their migrant labour population working down the South African mines. Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland remained outspoken critics of apartheid, but were dependent on South African economic assistance. Malawi was the first not-neighbouring country to accept South African aid. In 1967, the two states set out their political and economic relations, and in 1969; Malawi was the only country at the assembly which did not sign the Lusaka Manifesto condemning South Africa' apartheid policy. In 1970, Malawian president Hastings Banda made his first and most successful official stopover in South Africa. Associations with Mozambique followed suit and were sustained after that","psg_id":"5504650"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"apartheid regime in South Africa\". Former US Ambassador to the United Nations (June 1975 – February 1976), Daniel Patrick Moynihan voiced the strong disagreement of the United States with the General Assembly's resolution declaring that \"Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination\" in 1975 stated that unlike apartheid, Zionism is clearly not a racist ideology. He said that racist ideologies such as apartheid favor discrimination on the grounds of alleged biological differences, yet few people are as biologically heterogeneous as the Jews. https://www.academia.edu/1804615/Lily_White_Feminism_and_Academic_Apartheid_in_Israel_Anthropological_Perspectives Israel and the apartheid analogy The Israeli apartheid analogy compares Israel's treatment of Palestinians to","psg_id":"7914618"},{"title":"Queers Against Israeli Apartheid","text":"first LGBTQ Solidarity Tour of Palestine in 2012. The film was presented at Toronto's Images Festival. Queers Against Israeli Apartheid Queers Against Israeli Apartheid (QuAIA) was a Toronto-based grassroots LGBT group involved in the movement against what the organization see as Israeli apartheid and is a member of the Coalition Against Israeli Apartheid. The group has been involved in Israeli Apartheid Week as well as Toronto Pride Week. QuAIA formed shortly after the 2008 iteration of Israeli Apartheid Week at which queer activists had a discussion about \"pinkwashing\", or the use of gay rights as a propaganda tool to justify","psg_id":"14379851"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid, building unity within this movement, and \"presenting an","psg_id":"19994240"},{"title":"Black Diamonds (racial term)","text":"Black Diamonds (racial term) Black Diamonds is a collective term that is used pejoratively in South Africa to refer to members of the new black middle class. The term was not originally derogatory. It was coined by TNS Research Surveys (Pty) Ltd and the UCT Unilever Institute to refer to members of South Africa’s fast-growing, affluent and influential black community. However, the term evolved negative connotations and is now used almost exclusively as a pejorative term. Colonial governments in South Africa reduced bushmen to an underclass, and the first generations of independent government entrenched racial segregation in a legal system","psg_id":"15659163"},{"title":"1992 South African apartheid referendum","text":"multi-racial elections, which resulted in a huge victory for the African National Congress and made Nelson Mandela the first black President of South Africa. 1992 South African apartheid referendum A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948. The result of the election was a large victory for the","psg_id":"6931306"},{"title":"Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist)","text":"Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist) Patrick Baker Duncan (1918–1967) was a political thinker and activist, whose three books promoted human rights in South Africa and expressed concern regarding the relationship of humans with the Earth. An anti-apartheid activist, Duncan was a supporter of universal suffrage who was harassed and imprisoned by the Apartheid regime for his dissident activities. Born 1918 in Johannesburg, was the son of Sir Patrick Duncan. Duncan was educated first in South Africa and later in England, at Winchester College and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1938 his friendship with a fellow Balliol student, Helmuth James Graf von","psg_id":"10989526"},{"title":"Medical Apartheid","text":"Medical Apartheid Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present is a 2007 book by Harriet A. Washington. It is a history of medical experimentation on African Americans. From the era of slavery to the present day, this book presents the first full account of black America's mistreatment as unwitting subjects of medical experimentation. \"Medical Apartheid\" traces the convoluted history of medical experimentation on Black Americans in the United States since the middle of the eighteenth century. Harriet Washington argues that \"diverse forms of racial discrimination have shaped both the relationship","psg_id":"12864272"},{"title":"Medical Apartheid","text":"fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a senior research scholar at the National Center for Bioethics at Tuskegee University. Medical Apartheid Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present is a 2007 book by Harriet A. Washington. It is a history of medical experimentation on African Americans. From the era of slavery to the present day, this book presents the first full account of black America's mistreatment as unwitting subjects of medical experimentation. \"Medical Apartheid\" traces the convoluted history of medical experimentation on Black Americans in the United","psg_id":"12864279"},{"title":"Social apartheid in Brazil","text":"against and exclusion of slum and street children as \"Brazilian apartheid,\" and state that \"[t]he hidden and disallowed part of the discourse on Brazil's street children is that the term is, in fact, color coded in 'race-blind' Brazil, where most street kids are 'black.'\" They write that in order to protect themselves, poor children often carry weapons, and that, as a result, \"[t]he cost of maintaining this form of apartheid is high: an urban public sphere that is unsafe for any child.\" Tobias Hecht writes that rich Brazilians see the often violent street children as a threat, and marginalize them","psg_id":"9961442"},{"title":"Anti-Apartheid Movement","text":"public opinion and public action against apartheid, especially in the countries which were the main collaborators with the South African regime. This also meant that we built the broadest support for each measure, thereby welcoming co-operation rather than alienating governments and organisations which were not yet prepared to support sanctions or armed struggle. The Anti-Apartheid Movement continued to operate in the UK until 1994. After the first democratic elections in South Africa, AAM changed its name to . Anti-Apartheid Movement The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organisation that was at the centre of","psg_id":"4674714"},{"title":"Israeli Apartheid Week","text":"Cambridge, Dundee, Durham, Edinburgh, Essex, Exeter, Glasgow, Kent, Lancaster, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Northampton, Nottingham, Oxford, Sheffield, Southampton, Sussex, London, Albuquerque, Arizona, Beaumont, Boston, Cambridge, Chicago, Dearborn, Delaware, Louisville, Maryland, Massachusetts, Milwaukee, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Olympia, Omaha, Philadelphia, Seattle, Toledo and Washington DC. The first Israeli Apartheid week was held on January 31 to February 4, 2005. The 2006 Israeli Apartheid week was held on February 13 to 17, 2006. The 2007 Israeli Apartheid week was held on February 12 to 17, 2007. The 4th Annual Israeli Apartheid Week 2008 was officially launched on February 3, 2008 in","psg_id":"11548659"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"and chants. This response helped to further elevate Mandela's status in the eyes of those, both internationally and domestically, who opposed apartheid. Between 1986 and 1988, some petty apartheid laws were repealed, along with the pass laws. Botha told white South Africans to \"adapt or die\" and twice he wavered on the eve of what were billed as \"rubicon\" announcements of substantial reforms, although on both occasions he backed away from substantial changes. Ironically, these reforms served only to trigger intensified political violence through the remainder of the eighties as more communities and political groups across the country joined the","psg_id":"5504701"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"in Stockholm. In addressing the hundreds of anti-apartheid sympathisers as well as leaders and officials from the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movement such as Oliver Tambo, Palme declared: \"Apartheid cannot be reformed; it has to be eliminated.\" Other Western countries adopted a more ambivalent position. In Switzerland, the Swiss-South African Association lobbied on behalf of the South African government. In the 1980s, the Reagan administration and the Thatcher ministry in the UK followed a \"constructive engagement\" policy with the apartheid government, vetoing the imposition of UN economic sanctions, justified by a belief in free trade and a vision of South","psg_id":"5504662"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"that left thousands dead or in detention. Some reforms of the apartheid system were undertaken, including allowing for Indian and Coloured political representation in parliament, but these measures failed to appease most activist groups. Between 1987–1993, the National Party entered into bilateral negotiations with the African National Congress, the leading anti-apartheid political movement, for ending segregation and introducing majority rule. In 1990, prominent ANC figures such as Nelson Mandela were released from prison. Apartheid legislation was repealed on 17 June 1991, pending fully democratic, multiracial elections set for April 1994. \"Apartheid\" is an Afrikaans word meaning \"separateness\", or \"the state","psg_id":"5504565"},{"title":"Puff Puff (sexual term)","text":"Ball\" anime adaptation. One reference of the act was also removed from the American release of the first \"Dragon Quest\" game. Puff Puff (sexual term) The term \"Puff-Puff\" comes from the Japanese onomatopoeia for a woman rubbing her breasts in someone's face; the term can also be used for a woman juggling her own breasts. The term was originally coined by manga artist Akira Toriyama and featured in Chapter 5 of his series \"Dragon Ball\", published in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" on January 15, 1985. Puff-Puff is one of the special acts available in the \"Dragon Quest\" series of video games,","psg_id":"15574044"},{"title":"Selling Apartheid","text":"Selling Apartheid Selling Apartheid: South Africa's Global Propaganda War is a 2015 book by Ron Nixon, the Washington correspondent for the \"New York Times\" and a visiting associate in the Department of Media and Journalism Studies at the University of Witwatersrand. \"Selling Apartheid\" is an in-depth investigation into the Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid and the international propaganda campaign conducted by the apartheid government. Nixon's book contains a large number of previously secret records from archives in South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. It examines the diverse network of apartheid supporters and defenders from global","psg_id":"20298620"},{"title":"Selling Apartheid","text":"addition to the volume of work on South Africa’s apartheid regime\" which is \"rich in detail\". Selling Apartheid Selling Apartheid: South Africa's Global Propaganda War is a 2015 book by Ron Nixon, the Washington correspondent for the \"New York Times\" and a visiting associate in the Department of Media and Journalism Studies at the University of Witwatersrand. \"Selling Apartheid\" is an in-depth investigation into the Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid and the international propaganda campaign conducted by the apartheid government. Nixon's book contains a large number of previously secret records from archives in South Africa, the United Kingdom","psg_id":"20298622"},{"title":"Social apartheid","text":"Social apartheid Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. The word \"apartheid\", originally an Afrikaans word meaning \"separation\", gained its current meaning during the South African apartheid that took place between 1948 and early 1994, in which the government declared certain regions as being \"for whites only\", with the black population forcibly relocated to remote designated areas. Typically a component in social apartheid, urban apartheid refers to the spatial segregation of minorities to remote areas. In the context","psg_id":"10659568"},{"title":"Gender apartheid","text":"South Africa under apartheid. Instances of gender apartheid have been found institutionalized through religious and cultural practices. For example, aspects of the treatment of women under fundamentalist interpretations of Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism and some varieties of Buddhism have been described as gender apartheid. Use of faith, often through strict interpretations of religious code, to justify gender apartheid is highly controversial. The terms gender apartheid and sexual apartheid have also been used to describe differential treatment of women in institutions such as the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church. Presbyterian minister and author Patricia Budd Kepler points","psg_id":"7933995"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"minorities as intrinsically suspect, and legally prohibits their access to land or allocates civil service positions or per capita expenditure on education differentially between dominant and minority citizens.\" In June 2008 after the law was extended for another year, Amos Schocken, the publisher of the Israeli daily \"Haaretz\", wrote in an opinion article, that the law severely discriminates when comparing the rights of young Israeli Jewish citizens and young Israeli Arab citizens who marry, and that its existence in the law books turns Israel into an apartheid state. Separate and unequal education systems were a central part of apartheid in","psg_id":"7914578"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"Apartheid developed from the racism of colonial factions and due to South Africa's \"unique industrialization\". The policies of industrialization led to segregation of and classing of people, which was \"specifically developed to nurture early industry such as mining\". Cheap labour was the basis of the economy and this was taken from what the state classed as peasant groups and the migrants. Furthermore, Philip Bonner highlights the \"contradictory economic effects\" as the economy did not have a manufacturing sector, therefore promoting short term profitability but limiting labour productivity and the size of local markets. This also led to its collapse as","psg_id":"5504689"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"from black labour in the long-term. A third faction, which included Hendrik Verwoerd, sympathised with the purists, but allowed for the use of black labour, while implementing the purist goal of vertical separation. NP leaders argued that South Africa did not comprise a single nation, but was made up of four distinct racial groups: white, black, Coloured and Indian. Such groups were split into 13 nations or racial federations. White people encompassed the English and Afrikaans language groups; the black populace was divided into ten such groups. The state passed laws that paved the way for \"grand apartheid\", which was","psg_id":"5504581"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"years. In that, I agree with them. Israel, like South Africa, is an apartheid state.\" Since then, a number of sources have used the apartheid analogy in their examination of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In the early 1970s, Arabic language magazines of the PLO and PFLP compared the Israeli proposals for a Palestinian autonomy to the Bantustan strategy of South Africa. In 1979 the Palestinian sociologist Elia Zureik argued that while not \"de jure\" an apartheid state, Israeli society was characterized by a latent form of apartheid. The concept emerged with some frequency in both academic and activist writings in the","psg_id":"7914551"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"Prize winner Desmond Tutu has commented on the similarities between South Africa and Palestine and the importance of international pressure in ending apartheid in South Africa. He has drawn a parallel between the movement \"aiming to end Israeli occupation\" and the international pressure that helped end apartheid in South Africa, saying: \"If apartheid ended, so can the occupation, but the moral force and international pressure will have to be just as determined.\" Howard Friel writes that Desmond Tutu \"views the conditions in the occupied Palestinian territories as resembling apartheid in South Africa.\" BBC News reported in 2012 that Tutu \"accused","psg_id":"7914606"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"and many laws regarding security, land and planning, citizenship, political representation in the Knesset, education and culture. The , which has been met with worldwide condemnation, has also been compared by members of PLO, opposition MPs, and other Arab and Jewish Israelis, to an \"apartheid law\". In 1961, the South African prime minister and architect of South Africa's apartheid policies, Hendrik Verwoerd, dismissed an Israeli vote against South African apartheid at the United Nations, saying, \"Israel is not consistent in its new anti-apartheid attitude ... they took Israel away from the Arabs after the Arabs lived there for a thousand","psg_id":"7914550"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"would be in the spotlight internationally. In a 1977 survey, white South Africans ranked the lack of international sport as one of the three most damaging consequences of apartheid. By the mid-1950s, Black South Africans would also use media to challenge the \"racialisation\" of sports in South Africa; anti-apartheid forces had begun to pinpoint sport as the \"weakness\" of white national morale. Black journalists for the \"Johannesburg Drum\" magazine were the first to give the issue public exposure, with an intrepid special issue in 1955 that asked, \"Why shouldn't our blacks be allowed in the SA team?\" As time progressed,","psg_id":"5504623"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"are real and have to be taken seriously.\" Israeli historian Benny Morris said that those that equate Israeli efforts to separate the two populations to apartheid are effectively trying to undermine the legitimacy of any peace agreement based on a two-state solution. Hafrada ( literally \"separation\") is the official description of the policy of the government of Israel to separate the Palestinian population in Palestinian territories from the Israeli population. In Israel, the term is used to refer to the general policy of separation the Israeli government has adopted and implemented over the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza","psg_id":"7914555"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"international law, are under the civil control of the Palestinian Authority, and are not Israeli citizens. In some areas of the West Bank, they are under Israeli security control. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter authored a 2006 book titled \"\". Carter's use of the term \"apartheid\" was calibrated to avoid specific accusations of racism against the government of Israel, and carefully limited to the situation in Gaza and the West Bank. In a letter to the Board of Rabbis of Greater Phoenix, Carter made it clear that he was not discussing the circumstances within Israel but exclusively within Gaza and","psg_id":"7914585"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"in the United States, where the notion had previously been taboo, Israel's rule over the occupied territories was increasingly compared to apartheid. Heribert Adam of Simon Fraser University and Kogila Moodley of the University of British Columbia, in their 2005 book-length study \"Seeking Mandela: Peacemaking Between Israelis and Palestinians\", wrote that controversy over use of the term arises because Israel as a state is unique in the region. He writes that Israel is perceived as a Western democracy and is thus likely to be judged by the standards of such a state. Israel also claims to be a home for","psg_id":"7914553"},{"title":"Anti-Apartheid Movement","text":"They made a special reference to the issue of banning orders against two South African academics named Jack Simons and Eddie Roux, who were two well-known progressive academics. A part of the declaration: Faced with the failure to persuade the West to impose economic sanctions, in 1966 the AAM formulated a strategy whereby they would shift toward spearheading \"an international campaign against apartheid under the auspices of the United Nations.\" AAM's proposed strategy was approved by the UN Special Committee on Apartheid and then by the General Assembly. This new partnership formed the basis for all future action against apartheid.","psg_id":"4674712"},{"title":"Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid","text":"American Jewry and U.S. media[,] this reality is barely disputed.\" Carter has responded to negative reviews in the mainstream news media in an op-ed published in the \"Los Angeles Times\" (which was excerpted in \"The Guardian\" and elsewhere): He also wrote a \"Letter to Jewish Citizens of America\" explaining \"his use of the term 'apartheid' and sympathizing with Israelis who fear terrorism.\" In a report updated by the Associated Press after the publication of Carter's \"Letter to Jewish Citizens of America\", Greg Bluestein observes that Carter replied generally to complaints of the book's errors and inaccuracies by Dennis Ross, Alan","psg_id":"9507485"},{"title":"Kaffir (racial term)","text":"to Food\" recommends that the alternative term \"makrut lime\" be favored when speaking of this fruit. Kaffir (racial term) Kaffir () is a racist slur used to refer to a black person. In the form of \"cafri\", it evolved during the pre-colonial period as an equivalent of \"negro\". In Southern Africa, the term was later used as an exonym for Bantu peoples. The designation came to be considered a pejorative by the 20th century. In South Africa, the word was loosely used to refer to native South Africans. It was adopted as a derogatory term after 1948 when the Apartheid","psg_id":"4467019"},{"title":"Kaffir (racial term)","text":"natives of Cafreria, but are not considered offensive in either Western India or in Sri Lanka. The term acquired a distinctly derogatory meaning in the context of South African history, especially during the Apartheid era. In Afrikaans, the term is more commonly spelled \"kaffer\". It became a common word used by early European settlers to refer to the same people. Through time \"Kaffir\" tended, in mid-20th century Southern Africa, to be used as a derogatory term for black people, and in South Africa today, the term is regarded as highly racially offensive, in the same way as \"nigger\" in the","psg_id":"4467009"},{"title":"Social apartheid","text":"black Africans. \"Social apartheid\" has been cited as a factor in the composition of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Social apartheid Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. The word \"apartheid\", originally an Afrikaans word meaning \"separation\", gained its current meaning during the South African apartheid that took place between 1948 and early 1994, in which the government declared certain regions as being \"for whites only\", with the black population forcibly relocated to remote designated areas. Typically a component","psg_id":"10659572"},{"title":"Occupational apartheid","text":"Occupational apartheid Occupational apartheid is the concept in occupational therapy that different individuals, groups and communities can be deprived of meaningful and purposeful activity through segregation due to social, political, economical factors and for social status reasons. Occupational apartheid may occur due to race, disability, age, gender, sexuality, religious preference, political preference, and creed. A war environment can also contribute to occupational apartheid in which the constraints of war prevent the people living in the midst of combat from accessing past occupations. Occupational therapists recognize that many people facing occupational apartheid do not have the opportunity to freely choose their","psg_id":"12531038"},{"title":"Gender apartheid","text":"Gender apartheid Gender apartheid (also called sexual apartheid or sex apartheid) is the economic and social sexual discrimination against individuals because of their gender or sex. It is a system enforced by using either physical or legal practices to relegate individuals to subordinate positions. Feminist psychologist Phyllis Chesler defines the phenomenon as \"practices which condemn girls and women to a separate and subordinate sub-existence and which turn boys and men into the permanent guardians of their female relatives' chastity\". Instances of gender apartheid lead not only to the social and economic disempowerment of individuals, but can also result in severe","psg_id":"7933992"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"Rugby World Cup was a powerful boost to post-apartheid South Africa's return to the international sporting scene. Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from","psg_id":"12647328"},{"title":"Crime of apartheid","text":"tiled \"Religious apartheid in Saudi Arabia\", a picture of a sign showing Muslim-only and non-Muslim roads. The name of the crime comes from a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained. In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs. Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the","psg_id":"842665"},{"title":"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act","text":"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 was a law enacted by the United States Congress. The law imposed sanctions against South Africa and stated five preconditions for lifting the sanctions that would essentially end the system of apartheid. The sanctions were repealed in July 1991 after South Africa took steps towards meeting the preconditions of the act, with the final vestiges of the act being repealed in late 1993. Sponsored by Senator William Roth, the CAAA was the first United States anti-apartheid legislation. The act was initiated by Congressman Ronald V. Dellums in reaction to the plight","psg_id":"8102472"},{"title":"Internal resistance to apartheid","text":"interplay was a notable feature of resistance against apartheid from 1983 until South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. Passive resistance to apartheid was initiated by the African National Congress (ANC) with its Defiance Campaign in the early 1950s. Subsequent civil disobedience protests targeted curfews, pass laws, and \"petty apartheid\" segregation in public facilities. Some anti-apartheid demonstrations resulted in widespread rioting in Port Elizabeth and East London in 1952, but organised destruction of property was not deliberately employed until 1959. That year, anger over pass laws and environmental regulations perceived as unjust by black farmers resulted","psg_id":"11627555"},{"title":"First-wave feminism","text":"First-wave feminism First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on gaining the right to vote. The term \"first-wave\" was coined in March 1968 by Martha Lear writing in \"The New York Times Magazine\", who at the same time also used the term \"second-wave feminism\". At that time, the women's movement was focused on \"de facto\" (unofficial) inequalities, which it wished to distinguish from the objectives of the earlier feminists. According to Miriam Schneir, Simone de Beauvoir wrote that","psg_id":"4262693"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"The primary subject in question was the handling of South African Indians, a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India. In 1952, apartheid was again discussed in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign, and the UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa. Although South Africa's racial policies were a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was a domestic affair, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction. In April 1960, the UN's conservative stance on apartheid changed following the","psg_id":"5504643"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"not be subject to South Africa's racial stipulations. In 1978, Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games because New Zealand's sporting contacts with the South African government were not considered to be in accordance with the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement. Nigeria also led the 32-nation boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's ambivalent attitude towards sporting links with South Africa, significantly affecting the quality and profitability of the Games and thus thrusting apartheid into the international spotlight. In the 1960s, the Anti-Apartheid Movements began to campaign for \"cultural\" boycotts of apartheid South Africa. Artists were requested not","psg_id":"5504659"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"South Africa in 1975, the British Actors Union, Equity, boycotted the service, and no British programme concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa. Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions, but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid. While international opposition to apartheid grew, the Nordic countriesand Sweden in particularprovided both moral and financial support for the ANC. On 21 February 1986a week before he was murderedSweden's Prime Minister Olof Palme made the keynote address to the \"Swedish People's Parliament Against Apartheid\" held","psg_id":"5504661"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"and 23 other nations had passed laws placing various trade sanctions on South Africa. A disinvestment from South Africa movement in many countries was similarly widespread, with individual cities and provinces around the world implementing various laws and local regulations forbidding registered corporations under their jurisdiction from doing business with South African firms, factories, or banks. Pope John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of apartheid. In 1985, while visiting the Netherlands, he gave an impassioned speech at the International Court of Justice condemning apartheid, proclaiming that \"no system of apartheid or separate development will ever be acceptable as a","psg_id":"5504645"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"Cultural Ensemble in 1975, and the Amandla Cultural Ensemble later in the 1970s. Mayibuye was established as a growing number of ANC activists argued that cultural events needed to form a part of their work, and could be used to raise awareness of apartheid, gather support, and drive political change. The group was established by ANC activists Barry Feinberg and Ronnie Kasrils, who named it after the slogan \"Mayibuye iAfrika\" (Let Africa Return). The group consisted of several South African performers, and used a mixture of songs, poetry, and narrative in their performance, which described life under the apartheid government","psg_id":"19994257"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so","psg_id":"20739513"},{"title":"Kaffir (racial term)","text":"Kaffir (racial term) Kaffir () is a racist slur used to refer to a black person. In the form of \"cafri\", it evolved during the pre-colonial period as an equivalent of \"negro\". In Southern Africa, the term was later used as an exonym for Bantu peoples. The designation came to be considered a pejorative by the 20th century. In South Africa, the word was loosely used to refer to native South Africans. It was adopted as a derogatory term after 1948 when the Apartheid system was established. Under \"crimen injuria\", the epithet \"kaffir\" has been actionable in the justice system","psg_id":"4467005"},{"title":"Kaffir (racial term)","text":"black community. This would be similar to \"negro lover\" and similar expressions used by white racists in English-speaking countries. During the South African general election in 1948, those who supported the establishment of an apartheid regime campaigned under the slogan \"Die kaffer op sy plek\" (\"The Kaffir in his place\"). Much as in South Africa the term was used as a general derogatory reference to blacks. A 2003 report by the Namibian Labour Resource and Research Institute states: In 2000, the parliament of South Africa enacted the Promotion of Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act. The Act's primary objectives include the","psg_id":"4467015"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"Juluka, which were not featured by the SABC. Neither station, however, played \"Sun City\" when it was released in 1985, as the owners of the Sun City resort had partial ownership of both stations. A large number of musicians, including Masekela and Makeba, as well as Abdullah Ibrahim and Vusi Mahlasela, were driven into exile by the apartheid government. Songs written by these people were prohibited from being broadcast, as were all songs that opposed the apartheid government. Most of the anti-apartheid songs of the period were censored by the apartheid government. \"Bring Him Back Home\" was banned in South","psg_id":"19994291"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"black musicians were often asked to play for the police, to prove that they were in fact musicians. Commentators have stated that as with many social movements, music played a large role in the resistance to apartheid. Writing in the \"Inquiries Journal\", scholar Michela Vershbow writes that although the music of the anti-apartheid movement could not and did not create social change in isolation, it acted as a means of unification, as a way of raising awareness of apartheid, and allowed people from different cultural background to find commonality. Protest songs were often used by the anti-apartheid movement as a","psg_id":"19994297"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"apartheid. The Tricameral reforms led to the formation of the (anti-apartheid) United Democratic Front as a vehicle to try to prevent the co-option of Coloureds and Indians into an alliance with Whites. The battles between the UDF and the NP government from 1983 to 1989 were to become the most intense period of struggle between left-wing and right-wing South Africans. Colonialism and apartheid had a major impact on Black and Coloured women, since they suffered both racial and gender discrimination. Jobs were often hard to find. Many Black and Coloured women worked as agricultural or domestic workers, but wages were","psg_id":"5504619"},{"title":"Apartheid","text":"policy of regional \"containment\" against Soviet-backed regimes and insurgencies worldwide. By the late-1960s, the rise of Soviet client states on the African continent, as well as Soviet aid for militant anti-apartheid movements, was considered one of the primary external threats to the apartheid system. South African officials frequently accused domestic opposition groups of being Communist proxies. For its part, the Soviet Union viewed South Africa as a bastion of neocolonialism and a regional Western ally, which helped fuel its support for various anti-apartheid causes. From 1973 onwards, much of South Africa's White population increasingly looked upon their country as a","psg_id":"5504666"},{"title":"Gender apartheid","text":"public images of women have been defaced in ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, and young Jewish girls have been spat on and called prostitutes for wearing clothing deemed immodest. Reports suggest that it is largely Haredi fundamentalists who are responsible for acts of gender apartheid, and that the Haredi community as a whole does not condone such practices. Actions of fundamentalist ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel have been referred to as gender apartheid. While women customarily sit in the back of buses in parts of Israel, no formal edict enforces such. However, one incident arose in December 2011 in which an ultra-Orthodox man","psg_id":"7934001"},{"title":"Israel and the apartheid analogy","text":"law. Opponents of the idea of Israeli apartheid in the West Bank argue that the comparison is factually, morally, and historically inaccurate and intended to delegitimize Israel. Opponents state that the West Bank and Gaza are not part of sovereign Israel. They argue that though the internal free movement of Palestinians is heavily regulated by the Israeli government, the territories are governed by the elected Palestinian Authority and Hamas leaders, so they cannot be compared to the internal policies of apartheid South Africa. With regard to claims of apartheid within Israel-proper, some commentators extend the analogy to include treatment of","psg_id":"7914548"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"overcome, such as in Venezuela where the supporters of Hugo Chavez identify social apartheid as a reality which the wealthy try to maintain and Brazil, where the term was coined to describe a situation where wealthy neighbourhoods are protected from the general population by walls, electric barbed wire and private security guards and where inhabitants of the poor slums are subjected to violence. The term social apartheid has also been used to explain and describe the ghettoization of Muslim immigrants to Europe in impoverished suburbs and as a cause of rioting and other violence. A notable case is the social\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10659570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Global apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Global apartheid Global apartheid is a term used to mean minority rule in international decision-making. The term comes from apartheid, the system of governmental that ruled South Africa until 27 April 1994 when people of all races were able to vote as equals for the first time. The concept of global apartheid has been developed by many researchers, including Titus Alexander, Bruno Amoroso, Patrick Bond, Gernot Kohler, Arjun Makhijiani, Ali Mazuri, Vandana Shiva, Anthony H. Richmond, Joseph Nevins, Muhammed Asadi, Gustav Fridolin, and many others. The first use of the term may have been by Gernot Koehler in a 1978\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16678400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Technological apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Iran as technological apartheid. Some of the technologies in question are dual-use technologies, advanced technologies which can have both civilian and military applications. Some commentators allege that the issue of dual-use technologies is a red herring, and that some advanced-sector nations, who wish to keep the Third World nations as poor client states, withhold technologies that are essential for economic development, using the pretext that they will be used for military purposes. Technological apartheid Technological apartheid is the denial of useful modern technologies to Third World or developing nations. The term is based upon the South African term \\\"apartheid\\\", partly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12301865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria at the time that the Population Registration Act was implemented to determine who was Coloured. Minor officials would administer tests to determine if someone should be categorised either Coloured or Black, or if another person should be categorised either Coloured or White. Different members of the same family found themselves in different race groups. Further tests determined membership of the various sub-racial groups of the Coloureds. Many of those formerly classified as Coloured are opposed to the continuing use of the term \\\"coloured\\\" in the post-apartheid era, though the term no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"1980–90s, when Uri Davis, Meron Benvenisti, Richard Locke and Anthony Stewart employed the term 'apartheid' to describe Israel's treatment of the Palestinians. In the 1990s, the term \\\"Israeli apartheid\\\" gained prominence after Israel, as a result of the Oslo Accords, granted the Palestinians limited self-government in the form of the Palestinian Authority and established a system of permits and checkpoints in the Palestinian Territories. The apartheid accusation has gained additional traction following Israel's construction of the West Bank Barrier. By 2013 the analogy between the West Bank and Bantustans of apartheid-era South Africa was widely drawn in international circles. Also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gender apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"physical harm. The term \\\"gender apartheid\\\" stems from South Africa's racial apartheid that instituted a system of white supremacy () and separated the country's majority black inhabitants from whites. Afrikaans for \\\"apartness\\\" or \\\"separateness\\\", the use of the term \\\"apartheid\\\" to refer to gender reflects a human rights violation that entails both separation and oppression. In defining apartheid, Dr. Anthony Löwstedt wrote: The concept of separateness in itself does not necessarily imply that any group is or will be favored over any other... The distinctive characteristic of apartheid and of other kinds of oppressive segregation is that political, economic, social,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7933993\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Technological apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Technological apartheid Technological apartheid is the denial of useful modern technologies to Third World or developing nations. The term is based upon the South African term \\\"apartheid\\\", partly refers to the practice of keeping certain populations in a separate, lower-class status. It has been used to describe situations that are unintended, such as the absence of computers and information technology in the favelas of Brazil or other impoverished areas. The term also applies to the deliberate denial of technology for geopolitical or neocolonialist reasons. The government of Iran has characterized the efforts by Western governments to deny nuclear technology to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12301864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Global apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Working Paper for the World Order Models Project. In 1995 Koehler develop this in \\\"The Three Meanings of Global Apartheid: Empirical, Normative, Existential\\\". Its best known use was by Thabo Mbeki, then-President of South Africa, in a 2002 speech, drawing comparisons of the status of the world's people, economy, and access to natural resources to the apartheid era. Mbeki got the term from Titus Alexander, initiator of Charter 99, a campaign for global democracy, who was also present at the UN Millennium Summit and gave him a copy of \\\"Unravelling Global Apartheid\\\". Minority rule in global governance is based on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16678401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"and eliminate the homelands completely. Serious political violence was a prominent feature from 1985–89, as Black townships became the focus of the struggle between anti-apartheid organisations and the Botha government. Throughout the 1980s, township people resisted apartheid by acting against the local issues that faced their particular communities. The focus of much of this resistance was against the local authorities and their leaders, who were seen to be supporting the government. By 1985, it had become the ANC's aim to make Black townships \\\"ungovernable\\\" (a term later replaced by \\\"people's power\\\") by means of rent boycotts and other militant action.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"standard of treatment for Non-White employees across many professions. Many Indians described a sense of justified superiority from Whites due to the apartheid laws that, in the minds of White South Africans, legitimised those feelings. Another finding of this study was the psychological damage down to Indians living in South Africa during apartheid. One of the biggest long-term effects was inter-racial mistrust. Inter-racial mistrust is emotional hatred towards Whites. There was such a strong degree of alienation that left damaging psychological effects of inferiority. Chinese South Africanswho were descendants of migrant workers who came to work in the gold mines\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504628\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"Strip. The word has been compared to the term \\\"Apartheid\\\" by scholars and commentators, and by some that hafrada and apartheid are equivalent The Israeli West Bank barrier, (in Hebrew, \\\"Geder Ha'hafrada\\\" or \\\"separation fence\\\") the associated controls on the movement of Palestinians posed by West Bank Closures; and Israel's unilateral disengagement from Gaza have been cited as examples of hafrada. Aaron Klieman has distinguished between partition plans based on \\\"hafrada\\\", which he translated as \\\"detachment\\\"; and \\\"hipardut\\\", translated as \\\"disengagement.\\\" Since its first public introductions, the concept-turned-policy or paradigm has dominated Israeli political and cultural discourse and debate. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"led to violations of Apartheid \\\"on a massive scale\\\" throughout the nation, simply because there were not enough white South African business owners to meet the demand for various goods and services. Large portions of the garment industry and construction of new homes, for example, were effectively owned and operated by blacks, who either worked surreptitiously or who circumvented the law with a white person as a nominal, figurehead manager. In 1983, anti-apartheid leaders determined to resist the tricameral parliament assembled to form the United Democratic Front (UDF) in order to coordinate anti-apartheid activism inside South Africa. The first presidents\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"reported to the city's executive committee that the use of the phrase 'Israeli apartheid' does not violate the City's Anti-discrimination policy, nor does it constitute discrimination under the Canadian Criminal Code or the Ontario Human Rights Code. In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase \\\"Israeli apartheid\\\", as part of a resolution recognizing the gay Pride Toronto parade as a \\\"significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity\\\". The resolution said it slams the term Israel Apartheid for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing \\\"the suffering experienced by individuals during the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"2014, United Nations Special Rapporteur Richard A. Falk used the term in his \\\"Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967\\\". In 1973 the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (ICSPCA) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. The ICSPCA defines the crime of apartheid as \\\"inhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group ... over another racial group ... and systematically oppressing them\\\". In 2002 the crime of apartheid was further defined by Article 7\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid legislation\",\n \"text\": \"Government Gazette of South Africa (known as the Afrikaans term \\\"Staatskoerant\\\" during Apartheid). This was the official medium used by the Apartheid government in South Africa to communicate with the public. This medium continues to be used today by the post apartheid governments although publication of the gazette have stopped and is no longer available in the courts as before. The gazette is available through paid subscription on an internet website. Although apartheid as a comprehensive legislative project truly began after the National Party came into power in 1948, many of these statutes were preceded by the laws of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8889533\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid in Brazil\",\n \"text\": \"socially and keep them and the poverty they represent hidden from lives of the wealthy elite. According to Hecht, the persistent presence of these children \\\"embod[ies] the failure of an unacknowledged social apartheid to keep the poor out of view.\\\" Social apartheid is a common theme in studies of the implications of Brazil's huge income disparities, The term \\\"social apartheid\\\" (and the inequities associated with it) are recognized as a serious issue even by Brazil's elites, who benefit from it: Despite decades of impressive economic growth, the striking social inequities remain. In a recent survey of 1,500 of the most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9961443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid in Brazil\",\n \"text\": \"Social apartheid in Brazil The term social apartheid has been used to describe various aspects of economic inequality in Brazil by drawing a parallel with the South African apartheid regime. This contradicts the notion that Brazil's race problem is one of wolf crying or racial democracy. According to Maria Helena Moreira Alves, early twentieth century inequalities between rich and poor in Brazil were exacerbated by the differing treatment of urban migrants during and after the Great Depression. Internal migrants, who were mainly descended from Amerindians or African slaves, were given no government assistance or training in adapting to large urban\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9961434\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"situation in the French suburbs, in which largely impoverished Muslim immigrants being concentrated in particular housing projects, and being provided with an inferior standard of infrastructure and social services. The issue of urban apartheid in France was highlighted as such in the aftermath of the 2005 civil unrest in France. It has also be used to describe the segregation in Northern Ireland. In South Africa, the term \\\"social apartheid\\\" has been used to describe persistent post-apartheid forms of exclusion and de facto segregation which exist based on class but which have a racial component because the poor are almost entirely\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10659571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gender apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"and even geographic conditions are created consciously and systematically in order to forcibly separate groups, invariably to the benefit—at least the short-term benefit—of at least one of the groups, but never, or only accidentally, to the benefit of all of them. It is important to note that gender apartheid is a universal phenomenon and therefore is not confined to South Africa. While reports of gender apartheid have most frequently arisen in the context of Islamic culture, it is prevalent around the world. Some human rights advocates have argued for sanctions against states practicing gender apartheid, similar to those imposed on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7933994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"is celebrated as a public holiday known as Freedom Day. The following individuals, who had previously supported apartheid, made public apologies: Apartheid Apartheid (South African English: ; , lit. \\\"separateness\\\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on \\\"baasskap\\\" (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day. Broadly speaking, apartheid was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid in Brazil\",\n \"text\": \"Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2011) was quoted in 2002 by Mark Weisbrot in \\\"The Nation\\\" as saying he was \\\"fighting to bring the poor of Brazil out of economic apartheid\\\". His loss in the Presidential election of 1994 to Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1994–2002) has been attributed in part to the fear Lula aroused in the middle class by his \\\"denunciations of the social apartheid which permeated Brazilian society.\\\" Social apartheid in Brazil The term social apartheid has been used to describe various aspects of economic inequality in Brazil by drawing a parallel with the South African apartheid regime. This\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9961447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Death of Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"named \\\"Tomorrow Is Another Country\\\". Death of Apartheid Death of Apartheid (US title: Mandela's Fight For Freedom) is the name of a three-part documentary series about the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa and the first fully democratic election that followed. The series was first broadcast in May 1995, and produced by Brian Lapping Associates (now part of Ten Alps company) for the BBC, and co-produced by the Dutch broadcaster VPRO, the South African broadcaster SABC, and the Japanese broadcaster NHK. The series was largely written and researched by Allister Sparks, who also narrated it. The series was accompanied\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17121934\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Death of Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Death of Apartheid Death of Apartheid (US title: Mandela's Fight For Freedom) is the name of a three-part documentary series about the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa and the first fully democratic election that followed. The series was first broadcast in May 1995, and produced by Brian Lapping Associates (now part of Ten Alps company) for the BBC, and co-produced by the Dutch broadcaster VPRO, the South African broadcaster SABC, and the Japanese broadcaster NHK. The series was largely written and researched by Allister Sparks, who also narrated it. The series was accompanied by a book by Sparks,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17121933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"resources and access to state welfare resources \\\"fully justify the classification of Israel as an apartheid State.\\\" Other prominent South African anti-apartheid activists have used apartheid comparisons to criticize the occupation of the West Bank, and particularly the construction of the separation barrier. These include Farid Esack, a writer who is currently William Henry Bloomberg Visiting Professor at Harvard Divinity School, Ronnie Kasrils, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Dennis Goldberg, and Arun Ghandhi, In 2008 a delegation of African National Congress (ANC) veterans visited Israel and the Occupied Territories, and said that in some respects it was worse than apartheid. In May 2018,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"which brought Black, Indian, and Coloured national associations into one body that opposed apartheid. This was generally opposed more and more by the growing apartheid government, andwith urban segregation being reinforced with ongoing racist policiesit was harder to play football along these racial lines. In 1956, the Pretoria regimethe administrative capital of South Africapassed the first apartheid sports policy; by doing so, it emphasised the White-led government's opposition to inter-racialism. While football was plagued by racism, it also played a role in protesting apartheid and its policies. With the international bans from FIFA and other major sporting events, South Africa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504622\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"violent and most corrupt\\\" in Philippine modern history, with the term \\\"Three Gs\\\", meaning \\\"guns, goons, and gold\\\" coined to describe administration's election tactics of vote-buying, terrorism and ballot snatching. Marcos used the military and the government bureaucracy for his campaign, and also went on a campaign spending spree, initiating USD50 million worth in infrastructure projects meant to impress the electorate. The most infamous incidents of violence took place in Batanes, where Philippine Constabulary officers, paramilitary groups and hired guns essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"the Musicians' Union in the UK announced a boycott of the government. The first South African activist to receive widespread attention outside South Africa was Steve Biko when he died in police custody in 1977. His death inspired a number of songs from artists outside the country, including from Tom Paxton and Peter Hamill. The most famous of these was the song \\\"Biko\\\" by Peter Gabriel. U2 lead singer Bono was among the people who said that the song was the first time he had heard about apartheid. A cultural boycott of the apartheid government had been suggested in 1954\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Queers Against Israeli Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"3, the day of the 2011 Pride Parade, in the heart of Toronto's historic LGBT district. The banner read \\\"Support Palestinian Queers, Boycott Israeli Tourism.\\\" In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase \\\"Israeli apartheid,\\\" as part of a resolution recognizing the gay Pride Toronto parade as a “significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity.” The resolution said it slams the term Israel Apartheid for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing “the suffering experienced by individuals during the apartheid regime in South Africa.” Pride Toronto's Dispute Resolution Committee, composed of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14379842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"of music to raise awareness about apartheid paid off: a survey after the concert found that among people aged between 16 and 24, three-fourths knew of Nelson Mandela, and supported his release from prison. Although the cultural boycott had succeeded in isolating the apartheid government culturally, it also affected musicians who had worked against apartheid within South Africa; thus Johnny Clegg and Savuka were forbidden from playing at the concert. The lyrics of anti-apartheid protest music often used subversive meanings hidden under innocuous lyrics, partially as a consequence of the censorship that they experienced. Purely musical techniques were also used\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"of \\\"presenting an alternative vision of culture in a future democratic South Africa.\\\" Music scholar Anne Schumann writes that music protesting apartheid became a part of Western popular culture, and the \\\"moral outrage\\\" about apartheid in the west was influenced by this music. The cultural boycott, and the criticism that Paul Simon received for breaking it, was an example of how closely connected music had become to politics with respect to apartheid. There has been occasional tension between those musicians who went into exile, and were therefore able to perform for, and raise awareness among, much larger audiences, and anti-apartheid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"registration of cars, the indignity of having to produce a permit, and long queues at checkpoints as worse than what they had experienced during apartheid. But she also thought the apartheid comparison was a potential \\\"red herring\\\":\\\"... the context is different and the debate on whether this is Apartheid or not deflects from the real issue of occupation, encroachment of more land, building of the wall and the indignity of the occupation and the conduct of the military and police. I saw the check point at Nablus, I met with Palestinians in Hebron, I met the villagers who are against\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914610\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Apartheid Apartheid (South African English: ; , lit. \\\"separateness\\\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on \\\"baasskap\\\" (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day. Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into \\\"petty apartheid\\\", which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and \\\"grand apartheid\\\", which dictated housing and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"centred on separating races on a large scale, by compelling people to live in separate places defined by race. This strategy was in part adopted from \\\"left-over\\\" British rule that separated different racial groups after they took control of the Boer republics in the Anglo-Boer war. This created the black-only \\\"townships\\\" or \\\"locations\\\", where blacks were relocated to their own towns. In addition, \\\"petty apartheid\\\" laws were passed. The principal apartheid laws were as follows. The first grand apartheid law was the Population Registration Act of 1950, which formalised racial classification and introduced an identity card for all persons over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"Canadian political scientist Anne Bayefsky wrote that the apartheid label was used by Arab states at the Durban World Conference on Racism in 2001 was part of a campaign to delegitimize Israel and to legitimize violence against Israeli citizens. A number of sitting Israeli premiers have warned that Israel could become like apartheid South Africa. It was reported that Israel's first prime minister, David Ben Gurion, warned in 1967 following the Six-Day War that Israel would become an apartheid state if it did not rid itself of the occupied territories as soon as possible. Prime minister Yizhak Rabin warned in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Crime of apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"defines the crime of apartheid as below: For the purpose of the present Convention, the term 'the crime of apartheid', which shall include similar policies and practices of racial segregation and discrimination as practiced in southern Africa, shall apply to the following inhumane acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically oppressing them: According to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, This definition does not make any difference between discrimination based on ethnicity and race, in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"842653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Crime of apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"after 20 countries had ratified it. They were: Benin, Bulgaria, Belarus, Chad, Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Guinea, Hungary, Iraq, Mongolia, Poland, Qatar, Somalia, Syria, Ukraine, the USSR, the United Arab Emirates, Tanzania, Yugoslavia. \\\"As such, apartheid was declared to be a crime against humanity, with a scope that went far beyond South Africa. While the crime of apartheid is most often associated with the racist policies of South Africa after 1948, the term more generally refers to racially based policies in any state.\\\" Seventy-six other countries subsequently signed on, but a number of nations, including western\",\n \"psg_id\": \"842649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israeli Apartheid Week\",\n \"text\": \"According to IAW organizers, there has been \\\"a sharp increase of literature and analysis that has sought to document and challenge Israeli apartheid, including reports issued by major international bodies and human rights organizations and findings published by political leaders, thinkers, academics, and activists.\\\" The University of Toronto president, David Naylor, said of the week featuring the events \\\"this isn’t [my] favourite time of year.\\\" However, Dr. Naylor responded to objections from the \\\"Friends of the Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies\\\", in signing a statement that declared, \\\"We do, in fact, recognize that the term Israeli Apartheid is upsetting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11548664\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy The Israeli apartheid analogy compares Israel's treatment of Palestinians to South Africa's treatment of non-whites during its apartheid era within the context of the crime of apartheid. With respect to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, Israel's critics have repeatedly denounced it of practising a system akin to apartheid against Arabs and Palestinians. Israel has been described as an \\\"apartheid\\\" state by some scholars, United Nations investigators, human rights groups critical of Israeli policy and supporters of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement against Israel. The description has also been used by several Israeli former politicians. Critics\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"groups did. The UDF, coupled with the protection of the church, accordingly permitted a major role for Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who served both as a prominent domestic voice and international spokesperson denouncing apartheid and urging the creation of a shared nonracial state. Although the majority of whites supported apartheid, some 20 percent did not. Parliamentary opposition was galvanised by Helen Suzman, Colin Eglin and Harry Schwarz, who formed the Progressive Federal Party. Extra-parliamentary resistance was largely centred in the South African Communist Party and women's organisation the Black Sash. Women were also notable in their involvement in trade union organisations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504640\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"examples of music in the movement against apartheid. Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Who\",\n \"text\": \"hits as the Detours, and R&B in 1963. The group move to a mod sound the following year, particularly after hearing the Small Faces fuse Motown with a harsher R&B sound. The group's early work was geared towards singles, though it was not straightforward pop. In 1967, Townshend coined the term \\\"power pop\\\" to describe the Who's style. Like their contemporaries, the group were influenced by the arrival of Hendrix, particularly after the Who and the Experience met at Monterey. This and lengthy touring strengthened the band's sound. In the studio, they began to develop softer pieces, particularly from \\\"Tommy\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"470500\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"of the South African apartheid, this is defined by the reassignation of the four racial groups defined by the Population Registration Act of 1950, into group areas as outlined by the Group Areas Act of 1950. Outside of the South African context, the term has also come to be used to refer to ghettoization of minority populations in cities within particular suburbs or neighbourhoods. The term has become common in Latin America in particular in societies where the polarization between rich and poor has become pronounced and has been identified in public policy as a problem that needs to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10659569\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"been a leading anti-apartheid campaigner and advocate of sports boycotts. In June 1991, the Population Registration Act, 1950, a cornerstone of apartheid legislation, was repealed by the government of F. W. de Klerk, and in July an INOCSA delegation met with the Apartheid and Olympism Commission at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne. The IOC recognised INOCSA on 9 July 1991, such that the \\\"interim\\\" was removed from its name (NOCSA). It first competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The official flag of South Africa and national anthem \\\"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\\\" were still the apartheid-era ones, but the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369792\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anti-Apartheid Movement\",\n \"text\": \"Anti-Apartheid Movement The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-White population who were persecuted by the policies of apartheid. The AAM changed its name to in 1994, when South Africa achieved majority rule through free and fair elections, in which all races could vote. In response to an appeal by Albert Luthuli, the Boycott Movement was founded in London on 26 June 1959 at a meeting of South African exiles and their supporters. Members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4674700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"their migrant labour population working down the South African mines. Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland remained outspoken critics of apartheid, but were dependent on South African economic assistance. Malawi was the first not-neighbouring country to accept South African aid. In 1967, the two states set out their political and economic relations, and in 1969; Malawi was the only country at the assembly which did not sign the Lusaka Manifesto condemning South Africa' apartheid policy. In 1970, Malawian president Hastings Banda made his first and most successful official stopover in South Africa. Associations with Mozambique followed suit and were sustained after that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"apartheid regime in South Africa\\\". Former US Ambassador to the United Nations (June 1975 – February 1976), Daniel Patrick Moynihan voiced the strong disagreement of the United States with the General Assembly's resolution declaring that \\\"Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination\\\" in 1975 stated that unlike apartheid, Zionism is clearly not a racist ideology. He said that racist ideologies such as apartheid favor discrimination on the grounds of alleged biological differences, yet few people are as biologically heterogeneous as the Jews. https://www.academia.edu/1804615/Lily_White_Feminism_and_Academic_Apartheid_in_Israel_Anthropological_Perspectives Israel and the apartheid analogy The Israeli apartheid analogy compares Israel's treatment of Palestinians to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Queers Against Israeli Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"first LGBTQ Solidarity Tour of Palestine in 2012. The film was presented at Toronto's Images Festival. Queers Against Israeli Apartheid Queers Against Israeli Apartheid (QuAIA) was a Toronto-based grassroots LGBT group involved in the movement against what the organization see as Israeli apartheid and is a member of the Coalition Against Israeli Apartheid. The group has been involved in Israeli Apartheid Week as well as Toronto Pride Week. QuAIA formed shortly after the 2008 iteration of Israeli Apartheid Week at which queer activists had a discussion about \\\"pinkwashing\\\", or the use of gay rights as a propaganda tool to justify\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14379851\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid, building unity within this movement, and \\\"presenting an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994240\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Black Diamonds (racial term)\",\n \"text\": \"Black Diamonds (racial term) Black Diamonds is a collective term that is used pejoratively in South Africa to refer to members of the new black middle class. The term was not originally derogatory. It was coined by TNS Research Surveys (Pty) Ltd and the UCT Unilever Institute to refer to members of South Africa’s fast-growing, affluent and influential black community. However, the term evolved negative connotations and is now used almost exclusively as a pejorative term. Colonial governments in South Africa reduced bushmen to an underclass, and the first generations of independent government entrenched racial segregation in a legal system\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15659163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 South African apartheid referendum\",\n \"text\": \"multi-racial elections, which resulted in a huge victory for the African National Congress and made Nelson Mandela the first black President of South Africa. 1992 South African apartheid referendum A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948. The result of the election was a large victory for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6931306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist)\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist) Patrick Baker Duncan (1918–1967) was a political thinker and activist, whose three books promoted human rights in South Africa and expressed concern regarding the relationship of humans with the Earth. An anti-apartheid activist, Duncan was a supporter of universal suffrage who was harassed and imprisoned by the Apartheid regime for his dissident activities. Born 1918 in Johannesburg, was the son of Sir Patrick Duncan. Duncan was educated first in South Africa and later in England, at Winchester College and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1938 his friendship with a fellow Balliol student, Helmuth James Graf von\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10989526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Medical Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Medical Apartheid Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present is a 2007 book by Harriet A. Washington. It is a history of medical experimentation on African Americans. From the era of slavery to the present day, this book presents the first full account of black America's mistreatment as unwitting subjects of medical experimentation. \\\"Medical Apartheid\\\" traces the convoluted history of medical experimentation on Black Americans in the United States since the middle of the eighteenth century. Harriet Washington argues that \\\"diverse forms of racial discrimination have shaped both the relationship\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12864272\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Medical Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a senior research scholar at the National Center for Bioethics at Tuskegee University. Medical Apartheid Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present is a 2007 book by Harriet A. Washington. It is a history of medical experimentation on African Americans. From the era of slavery to the present day, this book presents the first full account of black America's mistreatment as unwitting subjects of medical experimentation. \\\"Medical Apartheid\\\" traces the convoluted history of medical experimentation on Black Americans in the United\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12864279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid in Brazil\",\n \"text\": \"against and exclusion of slum and street children as \\\"Brazilian apartheid,\\\" and state that \\\"[t]he hidden and disallowed part of the discourse on Brazil's street children is that the term is, in fact, color coded in 'race-blind' Brazil, where most street kids are 'black.'\\\" They write that in order to protect themselves, poor children often carry weapons, and that, as a result, \\\"[t]he cost of maintaining this form of apartheid is high: an urban public sphere that is unsafe for any child.\\\" Tobias Hecht writes that rich Brazilians see the often violent street children as a threat, and marginalize them\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9961442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anti-Apartheid Movement\",\n \"text\": \"public opinion and public action against apartheid, especially in the countries which were the main collaborators with the South African regime. This also meant that we built the broadest support for each measure, thereby welcoming co-operation rather than alienating governments and organisations which were not yet prepared to support sanctions or armed struggle. The Anti-Apartheid Movement continued to operate in the UK until 1994. After the first democratic elections in South Africa, AAM changed its name to . Anti-Apartheid Movement The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organisation that was at the centre of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4674714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israeli Apartheid Week\",\n \"text\": \"Cambridge, Dundee, Durham, Edinburgh, Essex, Exeter, Glasgow, Kent, Lancaster, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Northampton, Nottingham, Oxford, Sheffield, Southampton, Sussex, London, Albuquerque, Arizona, Beaumont, Boston, Cambridge, Chicago, Dearborn, Delaware, Louisville, Maryland, Massachusetts, Milwaukee, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Olympia, Omaha, Philadelphia, Seattle, Toledo and Washington DC. The first Israeli Apartheid week was held on January 31 to February 4, 2005. The 2006 Israeli Apartheid week was held on February 13 to 17, 2006. The 2007 Israeli Apartheid week was held on February 12 to 17, 2007. The 4th Annual Israeli Apartheid Week 2008 was officially launched on February 3, 2008 in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11548659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"and chants. This response helped to further elevate Mandela's status in the eyes of those, both internationally and domestically, who opposed apartheid. Between 1986 and 1988, some petty apartheid laws were repealed, along with the pass laws. Botha told white South Africans to \\\"adapt or die\\\" and twice he wavered on the eve of what were billed as \\\"rubicon\\\" announcements of substantial reforms, although on both occasions he backed away from substantial changes. Ironically, these reforms served only to trigger intensified political violence through the remainder of the eighties as more communities and political groups across the country joined the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"in Stockholm. In addressing the hundreds of anti-apartheid sympathisers as well as leaders and officials from the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movement such as Oliver Tambo, Palme declared: \\\"Apartheid cannot be reformed; it has to be eliminated.\\\" Other Western countries adopted a more ambivalent position. In Switzerland, the Swiss-South African Association lobbied on behalf of the South African government. In the 1980s, the Reagan administration and the Thatcher ministry in the UK followed a \\\"constructive engagement\\\" policy with the apartheid government, vetoing the imposition of UN economic sanctions, justified by a belief in free trade and a vision of South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"that left thousands dead or in detention. Some reforms of the apartheid system were undertaken, including allowing for Indian and Coloured political representation in parliament, but these measures failed to appease most activist groups. Between 1987–1993, the National Party entered into bilateral negotiations with the African National Congress, the leading anti-apartheid political movement, for ending segregation and introducing majority rule. In 1990, prominent ANC figures such as Nelson Mandela were released from prison. Apartheid legislation was repealed on 17 June 1991, pending fully democratic, multiracial elections set for April 1994. \\\"Apartheid\\\" is an Afrikaans word meaning \\\"separateness\\\", or \\\"the state\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Puff Puff (sexual term)\",\n \"text\": \"Ball\\\" anime adaptation. One reference of the act was also removed from the American release of the first \\\"Dragon Quest\\\" game. Puff Puff (sexual term) The term \\\"Puff-Puff\\\" comes from the Japanese onomatopoeia for a woman rubbing her breasts in someone's face; the term can also be used for a woman juggling her own breasts. The term was originally coined by manga artist Akira Toriyama and featured in Chapter 5 of his series \\\"Dragon Ball\\\", published in \\\"Weekly Shōnen Jump\\\" on January 15, 1985. Puff-Puff is one of the special acts available in the \\\"Dragon Quest\\\" series of video games,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15574044\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Selling Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Selling Apartheid Selling Apartheid: South Africa's Global Propaganda War is a 2015 book by Ron Nixon, the Washington correspondent for the \\\"New York Times\\\" and a visiting associate in the Department of Media and Journalism Studies at the University of Witwatersrand. \\\"Selling Apartheid\\\" is an in-depth investigation into the Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid and the international propaganda campaign conducted by the apartheid government. Nixon's book contains a large number of previously secret records from archives in South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. It examines the diverse network of apartheid supporters and defenders from global\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20298620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Selling Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"addition to the volume of work on South Africa’s apartheid regime\\\" which is \\\"rich in detail\\\". Selling Apartheid Selling Apartheid: South Africa's Global Propaganda War is a 2015 book by Ron Nixon, the Washington correspondent for the \\\"New York Times\\\" and a visiting associate in the Department of Media and Journalism Studies at the University of Witwatersrand. \\\"Selling Apartheid\\\" is an in-depth investigation into the Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid and the international propaganda campaign conducted by the apartheid government. Nixon's book contains a large number of previously secret records from archives in South Africa, the United Kingdom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20298622\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Social apartheid Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. The word \\\"apartheid\\\", originally an Afrikaans word meaning \\\"separation\\\", gained its current meaning during the South African apartheid that took place between 1948 and early 1994, in which the government declared certain regions as being \\\"for whites only\\\", with the black population forcibly relocated to remote designated areas. Typically a component in social apartheid, urban apartheid refers to the spatial segregation of minorities to remote areas. In the context\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10659568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gender apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa under apartheid. Instances of gender apartheid have been found institutionalized through religious and cultural practices. For example, aspects of the treatment of women under fundamentalist interpretations of Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism and some varieties of Buddhism have been described as gender apartheid. Use of faith, often through strict interpretations of religious code, to justify gender apartheid is highly controversial. The terms gender apartheid and sexual apartheid have also been used to describe differential treatment of women in institutions such as the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church. Presbyterian minister and author Patricia Budd Kepler points\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7933995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"minorities as intrinsically suspect, and legally prohibits their access to land or allocates civil service positions or per capita expenditure on education differentially between dominant and minority citizens.\\\" In June 2008 after the law was extended for another year, Amos Schocken, the publisher of the Israeli daily \\\"Haaretz\\\", wrote in an opinion article, that the law severely discriminates when comparing the rights of young Israeli Jewish citizens and young Israeli Arab citizens who marry, and that its existence in the law books turns Israel into an apartheid state. Separate and unequal education systems were a central part of apartheid in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Apartheid developed from the racism of colonial factions and due to South Africa's \\\"unique industrialization\\\". The policies of industrialization led to segregation of and classing of people, which was \\\"specifically developed to nurture early industry such as mining\\\". Cheap labour was the basis of the economy and this was taken from what the state classed as peasant groups and the migrants. Furthermore, Philip Bonner highlights the \\\"contradictory economic effects\\\" as the economy did not have a manufacturing sector, therefore promoting short term profitability but limiting labour productivity and the size of local markets. This also led to its collapse as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"from black labour in the long-term. A third faction, which included Hendrik Verwoerd, sympathised with the purists, but allowed for the use of black labour, while implementing the purist goal of vertical separation. NP leaders argued that South Africa did not comprise a single nation, but was made up of four distinct racial groups: white, black, Coloured and Indian. Such groups were split into 13 nations or racial federations. White people encompassed the English and Afrikaans language groups; the black populace was divided into ten such groups. The state passed laws that paved the way for \\\"grand apartheid\\\", which was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504581\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"years. In that, I agree with them. Israel, like South Africa, is an apartheid state.\\\" Since then, a number of sources have used the apartheid analogy in their examination of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In the early 1970s, Arabic language magazines of the PLO and PFLP compared the Israeli proposals for a Palestinian autonomy to the Bantustan strategy of South Africa. In 1979 the Palestinian sociologist Elia Zureik argued that while not \\\"de jure\\\" an apartheid state, Israeli society was characterized by a latent form of apartheid. The concept emerged with some frequency in both academic and activist writings in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"Prize winner Desmond Tutu has commented on the similarities between South Africa and Palestine and the importance of international pressure in ending apartheid in South Africa. He has drawn a parallel between the movement \\\"aiming to end Israeli occupation\\\" and the international pressure that helped end apartheid in South Africa, saying: \\\"If apartheid ended, so can the occupation, but the moral force and international pressure will have to be just as determined.\\\" Howard Friel writes that Desmond Tutu \\\"views the conditions in the occupied Palestinian territories as resembling apartheid in South Africa.\\\" BBC News reported in 2012 that Tutu \\\"accused\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914606\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"and many laws regarding security, land and planning, citizenship, political representation in the Knesset, education and culture. The , which has been met with worldwide condemnation, has also been compared by members of PLO, opposition MPs, and other Arab and Jewish Israelis, to an \\\"apartheid law\\\". In 1961, the South African prime minister and architect of South Africa's apartheid policies, Hendrik Verwoerd, dismissed an Israeli vote against South African apartheid at the United Nations, saying, \\\"Israel is not consistent in its new anti-apartheid attitude ... they took Israel away from the Arabs after the Arabs lived there for a thousand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"would be in the spotlight internationally. In a 1977 survey, white South Africans ranked the lack of international sport as one of the three most damaging consequences of apartheid. By the mid-1950s, Black South Africans would also use media to challenge the \\\"racialisation\\\" of sports in South Africa; anti-apartheid forces had begun to pinpoint sport as the \\\"weakness\\\" of white national morale. Black journalists for the \\\"Johannesburg Drum\\\" magazine were the first to give the issue public exposure, with an intrepid special issue in 1955 that asked, \\\"Why shouldn't our blacks be allowed in the SA team?\\\" As time progressed,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"are real and have to be taken seriously.\\\" Israeli historian Benny Morris said that those that equate Israeli efforts to separate the two populations to apartheid are effectively trying to undermine the legitimacy of any peace agreement based on a two-state solution. Hafrada ( literally \\\"separation\\\") is the official description of the policy of the government of Israel to separate the Palestinian population in Palestinian territories from the Israeli population. In Israel, the term is used to refer to the general policy of separation the Israeli government has adopted and implemented over the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"international law, are under the civil control of the Palestinian Authority, and are not Israeli citizens. In some areas of the West Bank, they are under Israeli security control. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter authored a 2006 book titled \\\"\\\". Carter's use of the term \\\"apartheid\\\" was calibrated to avoid specific accusations of racism against the government of Israel, and carefully limited to the situation in Gaza and the West Bank. In a letter to the Board of Rabbis of Greater Phoenix, Carter made it clear that he was not discussing the circumstances within Israel but exclusively within Gaza and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"in the United States, where the notion had previously been taboo, Israel's rule over the occupied territories was increasingly compared to apartheid. Heribert Adam of Simon Fraser University and Kogila Moodley of the University of British Columbia, in their 2005 book-length study \\\"Seeking Mandela: Peacemaking Between Israelis and Palestinians\\\", wrote that controversy over use of the term arises because Israel as a state is unique in the region. He writes that Israel is perceived as a Western democracy and is thus likely to be judged by the standards of such a state. Israel also claims to be a home for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anti-Apartheid Movement\",\n \"text\": \"They made a special reference to the issue of banning orders against two South African academics named Jack Simons and Eddie Roux, who were two well-known progressive academics. A part of the declaration: Faced with the failure to persuade the West to impose economic sanctions, in 1966 the AAM formulated a strategy whereby they would shift toward spearheading \\\"an international campaign against apartheid under the auspices of the United Nations.\\\" AAM's proposed strategy was approved by the UN Special Committee on Apartheid and then by the General Assembly. This new partnership formed the basis for all future action against apartheid.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4674712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"American Jewry and U.S. media[,] this reality is barely disputed.\\\" Carter has responded to negative reviews in the mainstream news media in an op-ed published in the \\\"Los Angeles Times\\\" (which was excerpted in \\\"The Guardian\\\" and elsewhere): He also wrote a \\\"Letter to Jewish Citizens of America\\\" explaining \\\"his use of the term 'apartheid' and sympathizing with Israelis who fear terrorism.\\\" In a report updated by the Associated Press after the publication of Carter's \\\"Letter to Jewish Citizens of America\\\", Greg Bluestein observes that Carter replied generally to complaints of the book's errors and inaccuracies by Dennis Ross, Alan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9507485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kaffir (racial term)\",\n \"text\": \"to Food\\\" recommends that the alternative term \\\"makrut lime\\\" be favored when speaking of this fruit. Kaffir (racial term) Kaffir () is a racist slur used to refer to a black person. In the form of \\\"cafri\\\", it evolved during the pre-colonial period as an equivalent of \\\"negro\\\". In Southern Africa, the term was later used as an exonym for Bantu peoples. The designation came to be considered a pejorative by the 20th century. In South Africa, the word was loosely used to refer to native South Africans. It was adopted as a derogatory term after 1948 when the Apartheid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4467019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kaffir (racial term)\",\n \"text\": \"natives of Cafreria, but are not considered offensive in either Western India or in Sri Lanka. The term acquired a distinctly derogatory meaning in the context of South African history, especially during the Apartheid era. In Afrikaans, the term is more commonly spelled \\\"kaffer\\\". It became a common word used by early European settlers to refer to the same people. Through time \\\"Kaffir\\\" tended, in mid-20th century Southern Africa, to be used as a derogatory term for black people, and in South Africa today, the term is regarded as highly racially offensive, in the same way as \\\"nigger\\\" in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4467009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Social apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"black Africans. \\\"Social apartheid\\\" has been cited as a factor in the composition of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Social apartheid Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. The word \\\"apartheid\\\", originally an Afrikaans word meaning \\\"separation\\\", gained its current meaning during the South African apartheid that took place between 1948 and early 1994, in which the government declared certain regions as being \\\"for whites only\\\", with the black population forcibly relocated to remote designated areas. Typically a component\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10659572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Occupational apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Occupational apartheid Occupational apartheid is the concept in occupational therapy that different individuals, groups and communities can be deprived of meaningful and purposeful activity through segregation due to social, political, economical factors and for social status reasons. Occupational apartheid may occur due to race, disability, age, gender, sexuality, religious preference, political preference, and creed. A war environment can also contribute to occupational apartheid in which the constraints of war prevent the people living in the midst of combat from accessing past occupations. Occupational therapists recognize that many people facing occupational apartheid do not have the opportunity to freely choose their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12531038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gender apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Gender apartheid Gender apartheid (also called sexual apartheid or sex apartheid) is the economic and social sexual discrimination against individuals because of their gender or sex. It is a system enforced by using either physical or legal practices to relegate individuals to subordinate positions. Feminist psychologist Phyllis Chesler defines the phenomenon as \\\"practices which condemn girls and women to a separate and subordinate sub-existence and which turn boys and men into the permanent guardians of their female relatives' chastity\\\". Instances of gender apartheid lead not only to the social and economic disempowerment of individuals, but can also result in severe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7933992\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"Rugby World Cup was a powerful boost to post-apartheid South Africa's return to the international sporting scene. Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \\\"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\\\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Crime of apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"tiled \\\"Religious apartheid in Saudi Arabia\\\", a picture of a sign showing Muslim-only and non-Muslim roads. The name of the crime comes from a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained. In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs. Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"842665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act\",\n \"text\": \"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 was a law enacted by the United States Congress. The law imposed sanctions against South Africa and stated five preconditions for lifting the sanctions that would essentially end the system of apartheid. The sanctions were repealed in July 1991 after South Africa took steps towards meeting the preconditions of the act, with the final vestiges of the act being repealed in late 1993. Sponsored by Senator William Roth, the CAAA was the first United States anti-apartheid legislation. The act was initiated by Congressman Ronald V. Dellums in reaction to the plight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8102472\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Internal resistance to apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"interplay was a notable feature of resistance against apartheid from 1983 until South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. Passive resistance to apartheid was initiated by the African National Congress (ANC) with its Defiance Campaign in the early 1950s. Subsequent civil disobedience protests targeted curfews, pass laws, and \\\"petty apartheid\\\" segregation in public facilities. Some anti-apartheid demonstrations resulted in widespread rioting in Port Elizabeth and East London in 1952, but organised destruction of property was not deliberately employed until 1959. That year, anger over pass laws and environmental regulations perceived as unjust by black farmers resulted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11627555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First-wave feminism\",\n \"text\": \"First-wave feminism First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on gaining the right to vote. The term \\\"first-wave\\\" was coined in March 1968 by Martha Lear writing in \\\"The New York Times Magazine\\\", who at the same time also used the term \\\"second-wave feminism\\\". At that time, the women's movement was focused on \\\"de facto\\\" (unofficial) inequalities, which it wished to distinguish from the objectives of the earlier feminists. According to Miriam Schneir, Simone de Beauvoir wrote that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4262693\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"The primary subject in question was the handling of South African Indians, a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India. In 1952, apartheid was again discussed in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign, and the UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa. Although South Africa's racial policies were a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was a domestic affair, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction. In April 1960, the UN's conservative stance on apartheid changed following the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"not be subject to South Africa's racial stipulations. In 1978, Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games because New Zealand's sporting contacts with the South African government were not considered to be in accordance with the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement. Nigeria also led the 32-nation boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's ambivalent attitude towards sporting links with South Africa, significantly affecting the quality and profitability of the Games and thus thrusting apartheid into the international spotlight. In the 1960s, the Anti-Apartheid Movements began to campaign for \\\"cultural\\\" boycotts of apartheid South Africa. Artists were requested not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa in 1975, the British Actors Union, Equity, boycotted the service, and no British programme concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa. Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions, but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid. While international opposition to apartheid grew, the Nordic countriesand Sweden in particularprovided both moral and financial support for the ANC. On 21 February 1986a week before he was murderedSweden's Prime Minister Olof Palme made the keynote address to the \\\"Swedish People's Parliament Against Apartheid\\\" held\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"and 23 other nations had passed laws placing various trade sanctions on South Africa. A disinvestment from South Africa movement in many countries was similarly widespread, with individual cities and provinces around the world implementing various laws and local regulations forbidding registered corporations under their jurisdiction from doing business with South African firms, factories, or banks. Pope John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of apartheid. In 1985, while visiting the Netherlands, he gave an impassioned speech at the International Court of Justice condemning apartheid, proclaiming that \\\"no system of apartheid or separate development will ever be acceptable as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Cultural Ensemble in 1975, and the Amandla Cultural Ensemble later in the 1970s. Mayibuye was established as a growing number of ANC activists argued that cultural events needed to form a part of their work, and could be used to raise awareness of apartheid, gather support, and drive political change. The group was established by ANC activists Barry Feinberg and Ronnie Kasrils, who named it after the slogan \\\"Mayibuye iAfrika\\\" (Let Africa Return). The group consisted of several South African performers, and used a mixture of songs, poetry, and narrative in their performance, which described life under the apartheid government\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994257\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kaffir (racial term)\",\n \"text\": \"Kaffir (racial term) Kaffir () is a racist slur used to refer to a black person. In the form of \\\"cafri\\\", it evolved during the pre-colonial period as an equivalent of \\\"negro\\\". In Southern Africa, the term was later used as an exonym for Bantu peoples. The designation came to be considered a pejorative by the 20th century. In South Africa, the word was loosely used to refer to native South Africans. It was adopted as a derogatory term after 1948 when the Apartheid system was established. Under \\\"crimen injuria\\\", the epithet \\\"kaffir\\\" has been actionable in the justice system\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4467005\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kaffir (racial term)\",\n \"text\": \"black community. This would be similar to \\\"negro lover\\\" and similar expressions used by white racists in English-speaking countries. During the South African general election in 1948, those who supported the establishment of an apartheid regime campaigned under the slogan \\\"Die kaffer op sy plek\\\" (\\\"The Kaffir in his place\\\"). Much as in South Africa the term was used as a general derogatory reference to blacks. A 2003 report by the Namibian Labour Resource and Research Institute states: In 2000, the parliament of South Africa enacted the Promotion of Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act. The Act's primary objectives include the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4467015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Juluka, which were not featured by the SABC. Neither station, however, played \\\"Sun City\\\" when it was released in 1985, as the owners of the Sun City resort had partial ownership of both stations. A large number of musicians, including Masekela and Makeba, as well as Abdullah Ibrahim and Vusi Mahlasela, were driven into exile by the apartheid government. Songs written by these people were prohibited from being broadcast, as were all songs that opposed the apartheid government. Most of the anti-apartheid songs of the period were censored by the apartheid government. \\\"Bring Him Back Home\\\" was banned in South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994291\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"black musicians were often asked to play for the police, to prove that they were in fact musicians. Commentators have stated that as with many social movements, music played a large role in the resistance to apartheid. Writing in the \\\"Inquiries Journal\\\", scholar Michela Vershbow writes that although the music of the anti-apartheid movement could not and did not create social change in isolation, it acted as a means of unification, as a way of raising awareness of apartheid, and allowed people from different cultural background to find commonality. Protest songs were often used by the anti-apartheid movement as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"apartheid. The Tricameral reforms led to the formation of the (anti-apartheid) United Democratic Front as a vehicle to try to prevent the co-option of Coloureds and Indians into an alliance with Whites. The battles between the UDF and the NP government from 1983 to 1989 were to become the most intense period of struggle between left-wing and right-wing South Africans. Colonialism and apartheid had a major impact on Black and Coloured women, since they suffered both racial and gender discrimination. Jobs were often hard to find. Many Black and Coloured women worked as agricultural or domestic workers, but wages were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"policy of regional \\\"containment\\\" against Soviet-backed regimes and insurgencies worldwide. By the late-1960s, the rise of Soviet client states on the African continent, as well as Soviet aid for militant anti-apartheid movements, was considered one of the primary external threats to the apartheid system. South African officials frequently accused domestic opposition groups of being Communist proxies. For its part, the Soviet Union viewed South Africa as a bastion of neocolonialism and a regional Western ally, which helped fuel its support for various anti-apartheid causes. From 1973 onwards, much of South Africa's White population increasingly looked upon their country as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504666\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gender apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"public images of women have been defaced in ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, and young Jewish girls have been spat on and called prostitutes for wearing clothing deemed immodest. Reports suggest that it is largely Haredi fundamentalists who are responsible for acts of gender apartheid, and that the Haredi community as a whole does not condone such practices. Actions of fundamentalist ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel have been referred to as gender apartheid. While women customarily sit in the back of buses in parts of Israel, no formal edict enforces such. However, one incident arose in December 2011 in which an ultra-Orthodox man\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7934001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Israel and the apartheid analogy\",\n \"text\": \"law. Opponents of the idea of Israeli apartheid in the West Bank argue that the comparison is factually, morally, and historically inaccurate and intended to delegitimize Israel. Opponents state that the West Bank and Gaza are not part of sovereign Israel. They argue that though the internal free movement of Palestinians is heavily regulated by the Israeli government, the territories are governed by the elected Palestinian Authority and Hamas leaders, so they cannot be compared to the internal policies of apartheid South Africa. With regard to claims of apartheid within Israel-proper, some commentators extend the analogy to include treatment of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7914548\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["rev j c du plessis"],"string":"[\n \"rev j c du plessis\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":576,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which gossip columnist was born in the same day as sir alexander fleming who discovered penicillin?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"1930s through the 1950s, the two best-known - and competing - Hollywood gossip columnists were Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons. Well-timed leaks about a star's purported romantic adventures helped the studios to create and sustain the public's interest in the studios' star actors. As well, the movie studios' publicity agents acted as unnamed \"well-informed inside sources\" who provided misinformation and rumors to counteract whispers about celebrity secrets — such as homosexuality or an out-of-wedlock child — that could have severely damaged not only the reputation of the movie star in question, but the movie star's box office viability. Having fallen","psg_id":"970577"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"1930s through the 1950s, the two best-known - and competing - Hollywood gossip columnists were Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons. Well-timed leaks about a star's purported romantic adventures helped the studios to create and sustain the public's interest in the studios' star actors. As well, the movie studios' publicity agents acted as unnamed \\\"well-informed inside sources\\\" who provided misinformation and rumors to counteract whispers about celebrity secrets — such as homosexuality or an out-of-wedlock child — that could have severely damaged not only the reputation of the movie star in question, but the movie star's box office viability. Having fallen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970577\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Sir Alexander Fleming College","text":"who discovered penicillin. Sir Alexander Fleming College Sir Alexander Fleming College (commonly known as Fleming College or simply Fleming) is a British school in Trujillo, northern Perú, it was the first English school outside Lima. Fleming College represents Cambridge University and is part of the British Schools of Peru (BSP) which includes other important English schools in Lima, such as Markham College, Cambridge College, Newton College and San Silvestre School. Many of the Fleming staff are from various English and Spanish-speaking countries including England, the United States, Denmark, Scotland, Chile and Mexico. The school has approximately 700 students. It includes","psg_id":"10456035"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from \"Penicillium\" fungi. The term \"penicillin\" is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, the original penicillin found in 1928), procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin), benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine penicillin), and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V). Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period of time. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less","psg_id":"313083"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician, microbiologist, and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould \"Penicillium notatum\" in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. Fleming was knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944. In 1999, he was named in \"Time\" magazine's list of the . In 2002, he was chosen in","psg_id":"19492"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"which Fleming discovered and tested penicillin is preserved as the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. He investigated its positive anti-bacterial effect on many organisms, and noticed that it affected bacteria such as staphylococci and many other Gram-positive pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria, but not typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, which are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which he was seeking a cure at the time. It also affected \"Neisseria gonorrhoeae,\" which causes gonorrhoea, although this bacterium is Gram-negative. Fleming published his discovery in 1929, in the British \"Journal of Experimental Pathology,\" but","psg_id":"19501"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"and celebrity 'tell-all' magazines. Notable gossip columnists include: Gossip columns that are not named after a specific columnist, along with the media source, include: Gossip columnist A gossip columnist is someone who writes a gossip column in a newspaper or magazine, especially a gossip magazine. Gossip columns are material written in a light, informal style, which relates the gossip columnist's opinions about the personal lives or conduct of celebrities from show business (motion picture movie stars, theater, and television actors), politicians, professional sports stars, and other wealthy people or public figures. Some gossip columnists broadcast segments on radio and television.","psg_id":"970579"},{"title":"Sir Alexander Fleming College","text":"Sir Alexander Fleming College Sir Alexander Fleming College (commonly known as Fleming College or simply Fleming) is a British school in Trujillo, northern Perú, it was the first English school outside Lima. Fleming College represents Cambridge University and is part of the British Schools of Peru (BSP) which includes other important English schools in Lima, such as Markham College, Cambridge College, Newton College and San Silvestre School. Many of the Fleming staff are from various English and Spanish-speaking countries including England, the United States, Denmark, Scotland, Chile and Mexico. The school has approximately 700 students. It includes state of the","psg_id":"10456032"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"Gossip columnist A gossip columnist is someone who writes a gossip column in a newspaper or magazine, especially a gossip magazine. Gossip columns are material written in a light, informal style, which relates the gossip columnist's opinions about the personal lives or conduct of celebrities from show business (motion picture movie stars, theater, and television actors), politicians, professional sports stars, and other wealthy people or public figures. Some gossip columnists broadcast segments on radio and television. The columns mix factual material on arrests, divorces, marriages and pregnancies, obtained from official records, with more speculative gossip stories, rumors, and innuendo about","psg_id":"970570"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"with no supporting source or evidence, the celebrity can sue for libel on the grounds that their reputation was defamed. There is however circumstances where gossip columnist may not be fact checking the information they are receiving from their sources before publishing their stories. Not to mention that there are gossip columnist that are not reputable themselves to be posting articles about celebrities. As a result of this there is a chance that there are stories that have been publish that could lead to the defamation of celebrities. The first gossip columnist, dominating the 1930s and 40s, was Walter Winchell,","psg_id":"970575"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"competition in micro-organisms: antagonism between moulds and microbes\", or also Clodomiro Picado Twight whose work at the Institut Pasteur in 1923 on the inhibiting action of fungi of the \"Penicillin sp.\" genre in the growth of staphylococci drew little interest from the directors of the Institut at the time. Fleming was the first to push these studies further by isolating the penicillin, and by being motivated enough to promote his discovery at a larger scale. Fleming also discovered very early that bacteria developed antibiotic resistance whenever too little penicillin was used or when it was used for too short a","psg_id":"19507"},{"title":"Sir Alexander Fleming College","text":"with the Annual House Prize. Fleming is considered as one of the top schools in Trujillo, in terms of exclusiveness and academic excellence. Recently the school has been approved to offer the IBDP program and the PYP program, being the first school in northern-Peru to offer both programmes. Currently, students in primary and secondary are studying them. Also Fleming offers the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE), by Cambridge University, in which students develop different attributes of the subjects chosen in English (except for the language courses, Spanish and French). Fleming is named after Sir Alexander Fleming, the man","psg_id":"10456034"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with a British discovery, penicillin. Fleming's discovery of penicillin changed the world of modern medicine by introducing the age of useful antibiotics; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions of people around the world. The laboratory at St Mary's Hospital where Fleming discovered penicillin is home to","psg_id":"19511"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"diagnosed reason for it to be used, and that if it were used, never to use too little, or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which bacterial resistance to antibiotics develops. The popular story of Winston Churchill's father paying for Fleming's education after Fleming's father saved young Winston from death is false. According to the biography, \"Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution\" by Kevin Brown, Alexander Fleming, in a letter to his friend and colleague Andre Gratia, described this as \"A wondrous fable.\" Nor did he save Winston Churchill himself during World War","psg_id":"19509"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"years, and continued until 1940 to try to get help from any chemist who had enough skill to make penicillin. But Sir Henry Harris said in 1998: \"Without Fleming, no Chain; without Chain, no Florey; without Florey, no Heatley; without Heatley, no penicillin.\" Fleming's accidental discovery and isolation of penicillin in September 1928 marks the start of modern antibiotics. Before that, several scientists had published or pointed out that mould or \"Penicillium sp.\" were able to inhibit bacterial growth, and even to cure bacterial infections in animals. Ernest Duchesne in 1897 in his thesis \"Contribution to the study of vital","psg_id":"19506"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"nontoxic in humans by first performing toxicity tests in animals and then on humans. His subsequent experiments on penicillin's response to heat and pH allowed Fleming to increase the stability of the compound. The one test that modern scientists would find missing from his work was the test of penicillin on an infected animal, the results of which would likely have sparked great interest in penicillin and sped its development by almost a decade. The importance of his work has been recognized by the placement of an International Historic Chemical Landmark at the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in London on","psg_id":"313096"},{"title":"Clan Fleming","text":"had succeeded his brother as the earl but when he died in 1747 the title became dormant. According to the \"Collins Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopedia\", Alexander Fleming who discovered Penicillin is the most distinguished bearer of the name in recent times. Castles that have been owned by the Clan Fleming include amongst many others: Clan Fleming Clan Fleming is a Scottish clan and is officially recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. However, as the clan does not currently have a chief that is recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms it is therefore considered","psg_id":"17037941"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci immediately surrounding the fungus had been destroyed, whereas other staphylococci colonies farther away were normal, famously remarking \"That's funny\". Fleming showed the contaminated culture to his former assistant Merlin Price, who reminded him, \"That's how you discovered lysozyme.\" Fleming grew the mould in a pure culture and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. He identified the mould as being from the genus \"Penicillium\", and, after some months of calling it \"mould juice\", named the substance it released \"penicillin\" on 7 March 1929. The laboratory in","psg_id":"19500"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"in London (now part of Imperial College), Fleming noticed a Petri dish containing Staphylococci that had been mistakenly left open was contaminated by blue-green mould from an open window, which formed a visible growth. There was a halo of inhibited bacterial growth around the mould. Fleming concluded that the mould released a substance that repressed the growth and caused lysing of the bacteria. Once Fleming made his discovery he grew a pure culture and discovered it was a \"Penicillium\" mould, now known as \"Penicillium chrysogenum\". Fleming coined the term \"penicillin\" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the","psg_id":"313093"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"developed a method of purifying penicillin to an effective first stable form in 1940, several clinical trials ensued, and their amazing success inspired the team to develop methods for mass production and mass distribution in 1945. Fleming was modest about his part in the development of penicillin, describing his fame as the \"Fleming Myth\" and he praised Florey and Chain for transforming the laboratory curiosity into a practical drug. Fleming was the first to discover the properties of the active substance, giving him the privilege of naming it: penicillin. He also kept, grew, and distributed the original mould for twelve","psg_id":"19505"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"period. Almroth Wright had predicted antibiotic resistance even before it was noticed during experiments. Fleming cautioned about the use of penicillin in his many speeches around the world. On 26 June 1945, he made the following cautionary statements: \"the microbes are educated to resist penicillin and a host of penicillin-fast organisms is bred out ... In such cases the thoughtless person playing with penicillin is morally responsible for the death of the man who finally succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resistant organism. I hope this evil can be averted.\" He cautioned not to use penicillin unless there was a properly","psg_id":"19508"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"surface antiseptic. In the 1930s, Fleming's trials occasionally showed more promise, but Fleming largely abandoned penicillin work, leaving Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford to take up research to mass-produce it, with funds from the U.S. and British governments. They started mass production after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. By D-Day in 1944, enough penicillin had been produced to treat all the wounded in the Allied forces. In Oxford, Ernst Boris Chain and Edward Abraham were studying the molecular structure of the antibiotic. Abraham was the first to propose the correct structure of penicillin.","psg_id":"19503"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"printed falsehoods about a celebrity with “reckless disregard” for the truth. A celebrity suing a newspaper for libel must now prove that the paper published the falsehood with actual malice, or with deliberate knowledge that the statement was both incorrect and defamatory. Moreover, the court ruled that only factual misrepresentation is libel, not expression of opinion. Thus if a gossip columnist writes that they “...think that Celebrity X is an idiot,” the columnist does not face a risk of being sued for libel. On the other hand, if the columnist invents an allegation that “...Celebrity X is a wife beater,”","psg_id":"970574"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"found in the broth filtrate. Despite this, he remained interested in the potential use of penicillin and presented a paper entitled \"A Medium for the Isolation of Pfeiffer's Bacillus\" to the Medical Research Club of London, which was met with little interest and even less enthusiasm by his peers. Had Fleming been more successful at making other scientists interested in his work, penicillin for medicinal use would possibly have been developed years earlier. Despite the lack of interest of his fellow scientists, he did conduct several experiments on the antibiotic substance he discovered. The most important result proved it was","psg_id":"313095"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"the Fleming Museum, a popular London attraction. His alma mater, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, merged with Imperial College London in 1988. The \"Sir Alexander Fleming Building\" on the South Kensington campus was opened in 1998, where his son Robert and his great granddaughter Claire were presented to the Queen; it is now one of the main preclinical teaching sites of the Imperial College School of Medicine. His other alma mater, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) has named one of its student halls of residence \"Alexander Fleming House\", which is near to Old Street. On 24","psg_id":"19512"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"December 1915, Fleming married a trained nurse, Sarah Marion McElroy of Killala, County Mayo, Ireland. Their only child, Robert Fleming (1924–2015), became a general medical practitioner. After his first wife's death in 1949, Fleming married Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Vourekas, a Greek colleague at St. Mary's, on 9 April 1953; she died in 1986. From 1921 until his death in 1955, Fleming owned a country home in Barton Mills, Suffolk. On 11 March 1955, Fleming died at his home in London of a heart attack. He is buried in St Paul's Cathedral. Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11","psg_id":"19513"},{"title":"History of penicillin","text":"History of penicillin The history of penicillin follows a number of observations and discoveries of apparent evidence of antibiotic activity in molds before the modern isolation of the chemical penicillin in 1928. There are anecdotes about ancient societies using molds to treat infections, and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of bacterial growth by various molds. However, it is unknown if the species involved were \"Penicillium\" species or if the antimicrobial substances produced were penicillin. The Scottish physician Alexander Fleming was the first to suggest that a \"Penicillium\" mold must secrete an antibacterial substance, and the first","psg_id":"7485069"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"little attention was paid to his article. Fleming continued his investigations, but found that cultivating \"Penicillium\" was quite difficult, and that after having grown the mould, it was even more difficult to isolate the antibiotic agent. Fleming's impression was that because of the problem of producing it in quantity, and because its action appeared to be rather slow, penicillin would not be important in treating infection. Fleming also became convinced that penicillin would not last long enough in the human body (\"in vivo\") to kill bacteria effectively. Many clinical tests were inconclusive, probably because it had been used as a","psg_id":"19502"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"by scientists and physicians on the antibacterial properties of the different types of moulds including the mould penicillium but they were unable to discern what process was causing the effect. The effects of penicillium mould would finally be isolated in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming, in work that seems to have been independent of those earlier observations. Fleming recounted that the date of his discovery of penicillin was on the morning of Friday 28 September 1928. The traditional version of this story describes the discovery as a serendipitous accident: in his laboratory in the basement of St Mary's Hospital","psg_id":"313092"},{"title":"Albert Alexander (police officer)","text":"wife of pharmacologist and medic Dr Howard Walter Florey, and Dr Charles Fletcher brought Constable Alexander's case to Florey's attention. The ability of penicillin to slow or counteract bacterial infection had first been noticed by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford were working on the medical applications of penicillin, as produced by the mould \"Penicillium notatum\", and attempting to isolate quantities of penicillin from the mould large enough for a human trial. Having tried the extracted penicillin only on mice, Florey and colleagues","psg_id":"9691779"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"\"Penicillium\" mould. Fleming asked C. J. La Touche to help identify the mould, which he incorrectly identified as \"Penicillium rubrum\" (later corrected by Charles Thom). He expressed initial optimism that penicillin would be a useful disinfectant, because of its high potency and minimal toxicity in comparison to antiseptics of the day, and noted its laboratory value in the isolation of \"Bacillus influenzae\" (now called \"Haemophilus influenzae\"). Fleming was a famously poor communicator and orator, which meant his findings were not initially given much attention. He was unable to convince a chemist to help him extract and stabilize the antibacterial compound","psg_id":"313094"},{"title":"Robert Alexander Fleming","text":"1947. In 1897 he married Eleanor Mary Holland. Their children included Launcelot Fleming FRSE. Robert Alexander Fleming Dr Robert Alexander Fleming FRSE LLD (1862-1947) was a Scottish pathologist and medical author who served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1927-29. He was born in Dundee the son of Emma Lyle and Robert Whillans Fleming, a local merchant. He was educated at Larchfield Academy and Craigmount School. He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating with an MA in 1884 and MB CB in 1888. He then became senior lecturer in Clinical Medicine","psg_id":"19516733"},{"title":"Robert Alexander Fleming","text":"Robert Alexander Fleming Dr Robert Alexander Fleming FRSE LLD (1862-1947) was a Scottish pathologist and medical author who served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1927-29. He was born in Dundee the son of Emma Lyle and Robert Whillans Fleming, a local merchant. He was educated at Larchfield Academy and Craigmount School. He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating with an MA in 1884 and MB CB in 1888. He then became senior lecturer in Clinical Medicine at the various Edinburgh medical colleges and university and senior surgeon at the Edinburgh","psg_id":"19516731"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"Orr-Ewing and G. Sanders) at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford made progress in showing the \"in vivo\" bactericidal action of penicillin. In 1940, they showed that penicillin effectively cured bacterial infection in mice. In 1941, they treated a policeman, Albert Alexander, with a severe face infection; his condition improved, but then supplies of penicillin ran out and he died. Subsequently, several other patients were treated successfully. In December 1942, survivors of the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston were the first burn patients to be successfully treated with penicillin. By late 1940, the Oxford team under","psg_id":"313098"},{"title":"Sir Sandford Fleming Park","text":"Sir Sandford Fleming Park Sir Sandford Fleming Park is a Canadian urban park located in the community of Jollimore in Halifax Regional Municipality. It is also known as Dingle Park which means wooded valley. The park was donated to the people of Halifax by Sir Sandford Fleming. The centrepiece of the park is an impressive tower that commemorates Nova Scotia's achievement of representative government in 1758. Constructed between 1908 and 1912, the Memorial Tower was erected during the same period of building other commemorative towers in the British Commonwealth, notably Cabot Tower in Bristol, England (1898) and Cabot Tower in","psg_id":"3970311"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"and they believe that their reputation has been defamed — that is, exposed to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or pecuniary loss. Gossip columnists cannot defend against libel claims by arguing that they merely repeated, but did not originate the defaming rumor or claim; instead, a columnist must prove that the allegedly defaming statement was truthful, or that it was based on a reasonably reliable source. In the mid-1960s, rulings by the United States Supreme Court made it harder for the media to be sued for libel in the U.S. The court ruled that libel only occurred in cases where a publication","psg_id":"970573"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"Fleming went to Loudoun Moor School and Darvel School, and earned a two-year scholarship to Kilmarnock Academy before moving to London, where he attended the Royal Polytechnic Institution. After working in a shipping office for four years, the twenty-year-old Alexander Fleming inherited some money from an uncle, John Fleming. His elder brother, Tom, was already a physician and suggested to him that he should follow the same career, and so in 1903, the younger Alexander enrolled at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in Paddington; he qualified with an MBBS degree from the school with distinction in 1906. Fleming had been","psg_id":"19494"},{"title":"Howard Florey","text":"Howard Florey Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 189821 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin. Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials in 1941 of penicillin at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a constable from Oxford. The patient started to recover but subsequently died because Florey was unable, at that","psg_id":"503917"},{"title":"Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet","text":"Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet (1748–1806) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 32 years from 1774 to 1806. Fleming was the only son of Sir William Fleming, 3rd Baronet of Rydal, Westmorland, and his wife Elizabeth Petyt, daughter of Christopher Petyt of Skipton, Yorkshire and was born on 10 December 1748. His father died when he was nine on 31 March 1757 and he succeeded to the baronetcy. Sir James Lowther became his ward. Fleming was educated at Eton College from 1760 to 1765. In 1770 he","psg_id":"20417677"},{"title":"History of penicillin","text":"to concentrate the active substance involved, which he named penicillin, in 1928. Penicillin was the first modern antibiotic. During the next twelve years Fleming grew, distributed, and studied the original mold, which was determined to be a rare variant of \"Penicillium notatum\" (now \"Penicillium chrysogenum\"). Many later scientists were involved in the stabilization and mass production of penicillin and in the search for more productive strains of \"Penicillium\". Important contributors include Ernst Chain, Howard Florey, Norman Heatley, and Edward Abraham. Shortly after the discovery of penicillin, scientists found that some disease-causing pathogens display antibiotic resistance to penicillin. Research that aims","psg_id":"7485070"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"into ill-repute after the heyday of Hopper and Parsons, gossip columnists saw a comeback in the 1980s. Today, many mainstream magazines such as \"Time\" which would once have considered the idea of hiring gossip columnists to pen articles to have been beneath their stature, have sections titled \"People\" or \"Entertainment\". These mainstream gossip columns provide a light, chatty glimpse into the private lives and misadventures of the rich and famous. At the other end of the journalism spectrum, there are entire publications that deal primarily in gossip, rumor, and innuendo about celebrities, such as the 'red-top' tabloids in the UK","psg_id":"970578"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming (doctor)","text":"Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength known as Fleming's tincture. Having spent some years at Cork as professor of materia medica in the Queen's College, he went in 1858 to Birmingham, where he held the honorary office of physician to the Queen's Hospital until his retirement through ill-health in","psg_id":"15269202"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"who used political, entertainment, and social connections to mine information and rumors, which he then either published in his column \"On Broadway\", or used for trade or blackmail, to accumulate more power. He became \"the most feared journalist\" of his era. In Hollywood's \"golden age\" in the 1930s and 1940s, gossip columnists were courted by the movie studios, so that the studios could use gossip columns as a powerful publicity tool. During this period, the major film studios had \"stables\" of contractually obligated actors, and the studios controlled nearly all aspects of the lives of their movie stars. From the","psg_id":"970576"},{"title":"Fleming Alexander","text":"on December 13, 1980 in New York City, and is buried at the Roselawn Cemetery in Christiansburg, Virginia. Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the \"Roanoke Tribune\" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was \"Poor\". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry","psg_id":"19460988"},{"title":"Fleming Alexander","text":"Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the \"Roanoke Tribune\" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was \"Poor\". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry regiment. Before moving to Roanoke, he worked with the \"Atlanta Daily World\" and \"Louisburg Reporter\". For a short","psg_id":"19460983"},{"title":"Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez","text":"in Bacteriology with Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered Penicillin, becoming the first Cuban woman to obtain this scholarship. She studied under the direction of Dr. Fleming at St. Mary's Hospital in the University of London and, later, Dr. Fleming and his wife visited Tamargo-Sanchez and her family in Cuba, where, at her request, he lectured at the University of Havana. She came to the United States in 1968 and worked at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York until her retirement in 1980. She then spent her last 22 years in Miami with her family. Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez Dr. Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez (September 30,","psg_id":"10243045"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"Shortly after the team published its first results in 1940, Fleming telephoned Howard Florey, Chain's head of department, to say that he would be visiting within the next few days. When Chain heard that Fleming was coming, he remarked \"Good God! I thought he was dead.\" Norman Heatley suggested transferring the active ingredient of penicillin back into water by changing its acidity. This produced enough of the drug to begin testing on animals. There were many more people involved in the Oxford team, and at one point the entire Dunn School was involved in its production. After the team had","psg_id":"19504"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming (doctor)","text":"1873. He died at Brixton, London, on 21 August 1875. Besides the works above mentioned, he published two introductory addresses and two papers in the 'Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science ' (on measles of the pig, and on the classification of medicines). Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength","psg_id":"15269203"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"the BBC's television poll for determining the 100 Greatest Britons, and in 2009, he was also voted third \"greatest Scot\" in an opinion poll conducted by STV, behind only Robert Burns and William Wallace. Born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland, Alexander was the third of four children of farmer Hugh Fleming (1816–1888) from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton (1848–1928), the daughter of a neighbouring farmer. Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. He was 59 at the time of his second marriage, and died when Alexander was seven.","psg_id":"19493"},{"title":"Amalia Fleming","text":"Amalia Fleming Amalia Fleming, Lady Fleming, née Koutsouri-Vourekas (; 28 June 1912 – 26 February 1986) was a Greek physician, activist and politician. Fleming was born in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in 1912. She moved to Greece and, during the Axis occupation of Greece, took part in the Greek Resistance, for which she was jailed by the Italians. She married Sir Alexander Fleming in 1953, but with his death in March 1955 she was widowed less than two years later. She returned to Greece in 1963 and was arrested by the Greek military junta (1967-1974) for acts of resistance. She","psg_id":"11641198"},{"title":"Sir Alexander Fleming College","text":"art audio-visual rooms, electronic smart boards and computer and science labs. As every British school around the world, Fleming has the house system, led by 4 house captains, 2 in primary and 2 in secondary, and a teacher house representative. The houses are named by important English men, in this case are; Jeffreys (named by Alexander Jeffreys), Hawkings (named by Stephen Hawkings) and Bannister (named by Roger Bannister). The houses compete in different areas such as sports, during school olympics, academic and oral. At the end of the year, the house which won more points during the year, is awarded","psg_id":"10456033"},{"title":"Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet","text":"Earl of Suffolk on 23 November 1782, but in 1793 she was said to be on the verge of leaving him. He died on 19 May 1806. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his cousin Sir Daniel Fleming who married Anne his only legitimate daughter. Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet (1748–1806) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 32 years from 1774 to 1806. Fleming was the only son of Sir William Fleming, 3rd Baronet of Rydal, Westmorland, and his wife Elizabeth Petyt, daughter of Christopher Petyt","psg_id":"20417679"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"celebrity or their projects, or to counteract \"bad press\" that has recently surfaced about their conduct. While gossip columnists’ \"bread and butter\" is rumor, innuendo, and allegations of scandalous behavior, there is a fine line between legally acceptable spreading of rumor and the making of defamatory statements, which can provoke a lawsuit. Newspaper and magazine editorial policies normally require gossip columnists to have a source for all of their allegations, to protect the publisher against lawsuits for defamation (libel). In the United States, celebrities or public figures can sue for libel if their private lives are revealed in gossip columns","psg_id":"970572"},{"title":"Richard Johnson (columnist)","text":"Richard Johnson (columnist) Richard Johnson is an American gossip columnist with the \"New York Post\"s Page Six column, which he edited for 25 years. Described by the \"New York Times\" as \"a journalistic descendant of Walter Winchell\", in 1994 he was ranked the #1 New York City gossip columnist by \"New York\" magazine in a list that also included Liz Smith, Michael Musto, and Cindy Adams. Johnson was raised in Greenwich Village, New York, the son of a magazine editor father and a mother who worked in public relations. He attended the University of Colorado, Boulder, and later Empire State","psg_id":"20516016"},{"title":"Sir","text":"\"sire\", which was already used in English since at least c.1205 as a title placed before a name and denoting knighthood, and to address the (male) Sovereign since c.1225, with additional general senses of 'father, male parent' is from c.1250, and 'important elderly man' from 1362. The prefix is used with the holder's given name or full name, but never with the surname alone. For example, whilst Sir Alexander and Sir Alexander Fleming would be correct, Sir Fleming would not. The equivalent for a female who holds a knighthood or baronetcy in her own right is 'Dame', and follows the","psg_id":"1741544"},{"title":"Ernst Chain","text":"venoms, tumour metabolism, lysozymes, and biochemistry techniques. Chain was naturalised as a British subject in 1939. In 1939, he joined Howard Florey to investigate natural antibacterial agents produced by microorganisms. This led him and Florey to revisit the work of Alexander Fleming, who had described penicillin nine years earlier. Chain and Florey went on to discover penicillin's therapeutic action and its chemical composition. Chain and Florey discovered how to isolate and concentrate the germ-killing agent in penicillin. Along with Edward Abraham he was also involved in theorising the beta-lactam structure of penicillin in 1942, which was confirmed by X-ray crystallography","psg_id":"3302632"},{"title":"Edward Abraham","text":"and the Oxford-EPA Cephalosporin Graduate Scholarship). Abraham was the recipient of many awards over his lifetime: Edward Abraham Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin. From 1924 Abraham attended King Edward VI School, Southampton, before achieving a First in Chemistry at The Queen's College, Oxford. Abraham completed his DPhil at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Sir Robert Robinson, during which he was the first to crystallise lysozyme, an enzyme discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming and shown to have","psg_id":"3627443"},{"title":"Edward Abraham","text":"Edward Abraham Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin. From 1924 Abraham attended King Edward VI School, Southampton, before achieving a First in Chemistry at The Queen's College, Oxford. Abraham completed his DPhil at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Sir Robert Robinson, during which he was the first to crystallise lysozyme, an enzyme discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming and shown to have antibacterial properties, and was later the first enzyme to have its structure solved using X-ray crystallography,","psg_id":"3627436"},{"title":"Howard Florey","text":"time, to make enough penicillin. It was Florey and Chain who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin, after the task had been abandoned as too difficult. Florey's discoveries, along with the discoveries of Alexander Fleming and Ernst Chain, are estimated to have saved over 200 million lives, and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said, \"In terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia\". Howard Florey was the youngest of three children","psg_id":"503918"},{"title":"History of penicillin","text":"and subsequently concentrated what he later named \"penicillin\". During the next twelve years, Fleming grew and distributed the original mold, which was eventually identified as \"Penicillium notatum\" (now known as \"Penicillium chrysogenum\"). He was unsuccessful in making a stable form of it for mass production. Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to treat sycosis (eruptions in beard follicles) with penicillin but was unsuccessful, probably because the drug did not penetrate deep enough. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in babies, he achieved the first cure on 25 November 1930. He cured four","psg_id":"7485078"},{"title":"Ethel Léontine Gabain","text":"developed during the war. In 1944, as well as depicting Sir Alexander Fleming working in the laboratory where he had discovered penicillin, Gabain also recorded, in \"A Child Bomb-Victim Receiving Penicillin Treatment\", a young girl being treated with the drug. She recorded pioneering treatments of burns victims, including the introduction of a new continuous irrigation method. Several industrial firms commissioned works from Gabain. Williams and Williams, Reliance Works in Chester commissioned Gabain to produce a number of lithographs and oils. One oil shows \"Women Workers in the Canteen at Williams and Williams\". These were brought about by Lawrence Haward, the","psg_id":"14670402"},{"title":"Gossip columnist","text":"romantic relationships, affairs, and purported personal problems. Gossip columnists have a reciprocal relationship with the celebrities whose private lives are splashed about in the gossip column's pages. While gossip columnists sometimes engage in (borderline) defamatory conduct, spreading innuendo about alleged immoral or illegal conduct that can injure celebrities' reputations, they also are an important part of the \"Star System\" publicity machine that turns movie actors and musicians into celebrities and superstars that are the objects of the public's obsessive attention and interest. The publicity agents of celebrities often provide or \"leak\" information or rumors to gossip columnists to publicize the","psg_id":"970571"},{"title":"Amalia Fleming","text":"Concern, and Human Rights Union. Fleming initiated and funded the establishment of the Greek Foundation for Basic Biological Research \"Alexander Fleming\" (1965) which was later transformed to the Biomedical Sciences Research Center \"Alexander Fleming\", a governmental, non-profit institution which is actively involved in research areas covering immunology, molecular biology, genetics and molecular oncology. Amalia Fleming died in 1986. The same year a hospital was founded at Athens and named after her (currently known as Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital). Amalia Fleming Amalia Fleming, Lady Fleming, née Koutsouri-Vourekas (; 28 June 1912 – 26 February 1986) was a Greek physician, activist and","psg_id":"11641200"},{"title":"Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet","text":"became rector of both Windermere and Grasmere and gave William Wordsworth a home at Rydal Mount. Before moving to Rydal Hall, the Le Fleming family lived at Coniston Hall, which is now owned by the National Trust. Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet (1667 – 2 July 1747) was a British churchman. A member of the old Westmorland family, Fleming was the fifth son of Sir Daniel Le Fleming of Rydal Hall. Along with his three brothers, he was educated at Sedbergh School. From Sedbergh, he progressed to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1688. He became","psg_id":"5289596"},{"title":"James Brady (columnist)","text":"James Brady (columnist) James Winston Brady (November 15, 1928 – January 26, 2009) was an American celebrity columnist who created the \"Page Six\" gossip column in the \"New York Post\" and \"W\" magazine; he wrote the \"In Step With\" column in \"Parade\" for nearly 25 years until his death. He wrote several books related to war, particularly the Korean War, in which he served as a United States Marine Corps officer. Brady was born in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn. His career in journalism started working as a copy boy for the \"Daily News\", where he worked while attending Manhattan College. He","psg_id":"12969309"},{"title":"The Sirens of Time","text":"are being used to revitalise the Knights. She proceeds to reveal what happened next at each of the nexus points. The Seventh Doctor rerouted the planetary shields to repel the bio-assassins and save Sancroff. The Knights one day found him to inspire their plans of conquest. The Fifth Doctor's actions prevented the sinking of the Lusitania. Although the outcome of the First World War was not greatly affected, a common criminal on board the ship who should have died went on to murder Alexander Fleming. Penicillin was never discovered and in 1956 a plague devastated the Earth. This in turn","psg_id":"4784292"},{"title":"Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet","text":"Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet (1667 – 2 July 1747) was a British churchman. A member of the old Westmorland family, Fleming was the fifth son of Sir Daniel Le Fleming of Rydal Hall. Along with his three brothers, he was educated at Sedbergh School. From Sedbergh, he progressed to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1688. He became Canon of Carlisle Cathedral in 1700, Archdeacon of Carlisle in 1705, Dean in 1727 and finally Bishop of Carlisle in 1734. He succeeded as 2nd Baronet in 1736. A successor, the Revd Sir Richard Le Fleming Bt,","psg_id":"5289595"},{"title":"Penicillin","text":"caused by infected wounds among Allied forces, saving an estimated 12%–15% of lives. Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug, necessitating frequent dosing. Methods for mass production of penicillin were patented by Andrew Jackson Moyer in 1945. Florey had not patented penicillin, having been advised by Sir Henry Dale that doing so would be unethical. Penicillin is actively excreted, and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared from the body within three to four hours of administration. Indeed, during the early penicillin era,","psg_id":"313102"},{"title":"Hugh Jackson (paediatrician)","text":"at Oxford University. One of his teachers was Sir Howard Florey a pioneer who went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 along with Sir Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the making of penicillin. Jackson was fortunate to see some of the early successes with penicillin. He trained in the A&E department at Radcliffe Infirmary and also in Wingfield Orthopaedic Hospital where he met his future wife Shirley who was doing research in traumatic nerve damage. He and Shirley were married in 1945. Dr. Jackson died 5 October 2013","psg_id":"17610703"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming","text":"II. Churchill was saved by Lord Moran, using sulphonamides, since he had no experience with penicillin, when Churchill fell ill in Carthage in Tunisia in 1943. \"The Daily Telegraph\" and \"The Morning Post\" on 21 December 1943 wrote that he had been saved by penicillin. He was saved by the new sulphonamide drug Sulphapyridine, known at the time under the research code M&B 693, discovered and produced by May & Baker Ltd, Dagenham, Essex – a subsidiary of the French group Rhône-Poulenc. In a subsequent radio broadcast, Churchill referred to the new drug as \"This admirable M&B\". It is highly","psg_id":"19510"},{"title":"Sir Alexander Buchanan","text":"this the Clan Buchanan coat of arms to this day depicts a ducal coronet being held up in triumph. Sir Alexander was killed three years later at the Battle of Verneuil, in which the Scottish army was all-but destroyed. The English shouted \"A Clarence! A Clarence!\" during the attack, invoking the memory of the deceased Duke as a battle cry for revenge. Sir Alexander died without issue and his father, Sir Walter Buchanan, eleventh Laird of Buchanan, was succeeded by his second son, Sir Walter Buchanan, twelfth Laird of Buchanan. Sir Alexander Buchanan Sir Alexander Buchanan (d. 1424) was the","psg_id":"14493866"},{"title":"Nobel Prize controversies","text":"various infectious diseases\". Fleming accidentally stumbled upon the then-unidentified fungal mold. However, some critics pointed out that Fleming did not in fact discover penicillin, that it was technically a rediscovery; decades before Fleming, Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, William Roberts (physician), John Tyndall and Ernest Duchesne had already done studies and research on its useful properties and medicinal characteristics. Moreover, according to Fleming himself, the first known reference to penicillin was from Psalm 51: \"Purge me with hyssop and I shall be clean\". Meanwhile, he had learned from mycologist Charles Thom (the same who helped Fleming establish the identity of the","psg_id":"4622994"},{"title":"Almroth Wright","text":"and remained there until his retirement in 1946. Among the many bacteriologists who followed in Wright's footsteps at St Mary's was Sir Alexander Fleming, who in turn later discovered lysozyme and penicillin. Wright was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1906. Leonard Colebrook became his assistant from 1907 and continued working with him until 1929. Wright warned early on that antibiotics would create resistant bacteria, something that has proven an increasing danger. He made his thoughts on preventive medicine influential, stressing preventive measures. Wright's ideas have been re-asserted recently—70 years after his death—by modern researchers in articles","psg_id":"4493848"},{"title":"Thomas Fleming Day","text":"Thomas Fleming Day Thomas Fleming Day (1861 – August 19, 1927) was a sailboat designer and sailboat racer. He was the founding editor of \"The Rudder\", a monthly magazine about boats. He was the first to win the annual New York to Bermuda race. The T. F. Day Trophy is named for him. He was born in Somerset, England in March 1861, emigrated with his parents to the United States when he was a young boy, and was brought up on Long Island Sound. In 1890, he founded \"The Rudder\", \"A monthly journal devoted to aquatic sport and trade,\" which","psg_id":"15052025"},{"title":"Kevin Brown (historian)","text":"the United States Department of Agriculture National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research at Peoria, Illinois. He was Chairman of the London Museums of Health & Medicine from 2001 to 2004. He is an authority on Alexander Fleming and the history of penicillin. Brown's 2004 biography of Alexander Fleming, \"Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution\" tells the story of the discovery of penicillin and of the great scientist who made that breakthrough. He has also written a history of syphilis, \"The Pox: the Life and Near Death of a Very Social Disease\" in 2006 and has written a study","psg_id":"10369354"},{"title":"Robert Brattain","text":"and rapid transmission of the technology within a network of war-time companies, but the secrecy restrictions limited the extent to which the Brattain-Beckman work became publicly known. Companies such as Perkin-Elmer whose work was not as restricted, were able to publish about their work in infrared spectroscopy before Brattain and Beckman could do so. After the war, such instruments were adopted widely by chemists because they were simple to use, reliable, and reasonably priced. Penicillin, a powerful antibiotic, was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. During World War II, the drug was in demand to treat both","psg_id":"18710113"},{"title":"Billy Masters (columnist)","text":"Billy Masters (columnist) Billy Masters (born February 13, 1969 in Somerville, Massachusetts) is best known as an openly gay gossip columnist whose work is syndicated to gay and alternative publications around the United States. In 1995, his column (originally called \"Filth2Go\") appeared in \"Odyssey Magazine\", San Francisco. Within three months, it was in over 20 publications, marking the first time a columnist was syndicated in gay papers. By 1998, he started the website Filth2Go.com which routinely was ranked in the top 100,000 websites around the world (according to Alexa.com). In 2005, the column became known simply as \"Billy Masters\" and","psg_id":"7767597"},{"title":"Penicillin binding proteins","text":"original penicillin molecule has increased the affinity of PBPs for penicillin, and, thus, increased effectiveness in bacteria with developing resistance. Presence of the protein penicillin binding protein 2A (PBP2A) is responsible for the antibiotic resistance seen in methicillin-resistant \"Staphylococcus aureus\" (MRSA). The β-lactam ring is a structure common to all β-lactam antibiotics. PASTA domain Penicillin binding proteins Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except","psg_id":"7207674"},{"title":"Sir Alexander MacKenzie Elementary School","text":"Sir Alexander MacKenzie Elementary School Sir Alexander Mackenzie Elementary is a public elementary school in Vancouver, British Columbia part of School District 39 Vancouver. Mackenzie was constructed in 1925 with an enrollment of about 25 to 30 students. In 1930 the official school was built and opened for grades K to 7. Students had to wear uniforms which were the school colours of blue and white and the girls had to go in through the south side and the boys had to go in through the west side. When Fleming elementary was constructed the board of education was thinking of","psg_id":"8580538"},{"title":"Earl Wilson (columnist)","text":"Earl Wilson (columnist) Harvey Earl Wilson (May 3, 1907 – January 16, 1987) was an American journalist, gossip columnist, and author, perhaps best known for his 6-day a week nationally syndicated newspaper column, \"It Happened Last Night\". Wilson was born in Rockford, in Mercer County in western Ohio, to Arthur Wilson, a farmer, and Chloe Huffman Wilson. He attended Central High, where he reported on the doings of the school, using his father's typewriter to write his stories. Young Earl's mother encouraged him to pursue a career outside of farming. Wilson contributed to the \"Rockford Press\" and the Lima \"Republican\"","psg_id":"10588590"},{"title":"Billy Masters (columnist)","text":"of a Hollywood Insider\" at Chicago's Bailiwick Repertory Theatre. At the time, Billy was in Chicago for the Grabby Awards and International Mr . Leather. Billy Masters (columnist) Billy Masters (born February 13, 1969 in Somerville, Massachusetts) is best known as an openly gay gossip columnist whose work is syndicated to gay and alternative publications around the United States. In 1995, his column (originally called \"Filth2Go\") appeared in \"Odyssey Magazine\", San Francisco. Within three months, it was in over 20 publications, marking the first time a columnist was syndicated in gay papers. By 1998, he started the website Filth2Go.com which","psg_id":"7767602"},{"title":"Alex Gossip","text":"Alex Gossip Alexander Gossip (11 September 1862 – 14 May 1952) was a Scottish trade union leader and political activist. Born at Crawford Priory in Fife, where his father was head gardener, Gossip was educated at Madras Academy, leaving at the age of fourteen to complete an apprenticeship as a cabinet-maker. On completing this, he joined the United Operative Cabinet and Chairmakers' Society of Scotland, soon becoming its assistant general secretary. Through his trade union activity, he befriended Keir Hardie, who converted him to socialism. Gossip was a founding member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1893. Three years","psg_id":"19422069"},{"title":"Micrococcus luteus","text":"Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligate aerobe, \"M. luteus\" is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. It was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming before he discovered penicillin in 1928. \"M. luteus\" is considered a contaminant in sick patients and is resistant by slowing of major metabolic processes and induction of unique genes.","psg_id":"5228267"},{"title":"Micrococcus luteus","text":"cancer, and scientists believe this pigment can be used to make a sunscreen that can protect against ultraviolet light. Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligate aerobe, \"M. luteus\" is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. It was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming before he discovered penicillin in 1928. \"M. luteus\" is considered","psg_id":"5228270"},{"title":"William Hickey (columnist)","text":"William Hickey (columnist) \"William Hickey\" is the pseudonymous byline of a gossip column published in the \"Daily Express\", a British newspaper. It was named after the eighteenth-century diarist William Hickey. The column was first established by Tom Driberg in May 1933. An existing gossip column was relaunched following the intervention of the \"Express\"'s proprietor Lord Beaverbrook. It was titled \"These Names Make News\". Driberg described the new feature as \"...an intimate biographical column about ... men and women who matter. Artists, statesmen, airmen, writers, financiers, explorers...\" Historian David Kynaston calls Driberg the \"founder of the modern gossip column\", which moved","psg_id":"12665075"},{"title":"Microfungi","text":"spreading the fungus. Many microfungi species are benign, existing as soil saprotrophs, for example, largely unobserved by humans. Many thousands of microfungal species occur in lichens, forming symbiotic relationships with algae. Other microfungi, such as those of the genera \"Penicillium\", \"Aspergillus\" and \"Neurospora\", were first discovered as molds causing spoilage of fruit and bread. Certain species have commercial value. \"Penicillium\" species are used in the manufacture of blue cheeses and as the source of the antibiotic penicillin, discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928, while fusarium venenatum is used to produce a mycoprotein food product. Microfungi can also be harmful,","psg_id":"9975594"},{"title":"Fleming College","text":"Yellow Umbrella Project and Bell Let's Talk Day, and organized Big Brothers Big Sisters Come to Fleming day. The social and political needs of students are served through the Student Administrative Council (SAC) at Sutherland Campus and the Student Association (SA) at Frost Campus. These are student-run corporations. Fleming College Fleming College, also known as Sir Sandford Fleming College, is an Ontario College of Applied Arts and Technology located at Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. The college has an enrollment of more than 5,800 full-time and 10,000 part-time students. The college was named after the Scottish born engineer and inventor Sandford Fleming,","psg_id":"4462803"},{"title":"Penicillin binding proteins","text":"Penicillin binding proteins Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except for tabtoxinine-β-lactam, which inhibits glutamine synthetase) bind to PBPs, which are essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis. PBPs are members of a subgroup of enzymes called transpeptidases. Specifically, PBPs are DD-transpeptidases. There are a large number of PBPs, usually several in each organism, and they are found as both membrane-bound and cytoplasmic proteins. For","psg_id":"7207669"},{"title":"Benzylpenicillin","text":"of penicillin allergy. Use during pregnancy is generally safe. It is in the penicillin and β-lactam class of medications. Benzylpenicillin was discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming and came into commercial use in 1942. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.24–2.72 per day. In the United States a course of treatment costs $100–200. As an antibiotic, benzylpenicillin is noted to possess effectiveness mainly against Gram-positive organisms. Some Gram-negative organisms such as \"Neisseria gonorrhoeae\" and \"Leptospira","psg_id":"12058337"},{"title":"Mike Walker (columnist)","text":"Mike Walker (columnist) Mike Walker (January 16, 1946 – February 16, 2018) was an American radio personality and gossip columnist for \"The National Enquirer\", and hosted the magazine's 1999-2001 MGM-produced newsmagazine, \"National Enquirer TV\". He is also the author of the 2005 book, \"Rather Dumb: A Top Tabloid Reporter Tells CBS How to Do News.\" Between April 11, 1996 and December 2010, Walker was a guest every week on \"The Howard Stern Show\" to play \"The Gossip Game.\" He would read four gossip stories, and the Stern crew guesses which one is false. During a 2006 Stern show appearance, Stern","psg_id":"5274239"},{"title":"Fleming Alexander","text":"newspaper has a printed purpose: \"1) to promote self-esteem; 2) to encourage RESPECT for self and differences in others, and 3) to help create lasting vehicles through which diverse peoples can unite on some common basis.\" Later, because of poor health after a car accident in 1971, he sold the \"Roanoke Tribune\" to his daughter, Claudia Alexander Whitworth. The \"Roanoke Tribune\" celebrated its 75th anniversary on April 9, 2014. A recent video history of the newspaper is available. Fleming Alexander was an early advocate of desegregation in Virginia's schools. After the \"Brown v. Topeka Board of Education\", decision, Alexander was","psg_id":"19460986"},{"title":"History of penicillin","text":"of a \"Penicillium glaucum\" mold, even curing infected guinea pigs of typhoid. He published a dissertation in 1897 but it was ignored by the Institut Pasteur. Duchesne was himself using a discovery made earlier by Arab stable boys, who used molds to cure sores on horses. He did not claim that the mold contained any antibacterial substance, only that the mold somehow protected the animals. The penicillin isolated by Fleming does not cure typhoid and so it remains unknown which substance might have responsible for Duchesne's cure. In Belgium in 1920, Andre Gratia and Sara Dath observed a fungal contamination","psg_id":"7485076"},{"title":"Daniel Fleming (antiquary)","text":"the Roman era to the university of Oxford. Fleming married in 1655 Barbara, eldest daughter of Sir Henry Fletcher of Hutton, Cumberland, who was killed at Rowton Heath on the side of the king in 1645. His eldest son, William, created a baronet 4 October 1705, died in 1736, and was succeeded by his brother Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet, bishop of Carlisle. Daniel Fleming (antiquary) Sir Daniel Fleming (1633–1701), was an English antiquarian and politician. Fleming was born on 25 July 1633, the eldest son of William Fleming of Coniston, North Lancashire, and Rydal, Westmoreland, by Alice, eldest daughter","psg_id":"15839697"},{"title":"Alvin Ingram","text":"in 1944, it housed 3,286 GI–patients. The U.S. Army designated Bushnell Hospital as the military’s first center for the study of penicillin’s possible use. On April 1, 1943, the first shipment of penicillin arrived at Bushnell, and during the War, it administered penicillin more than any other institution in the United States. In addition to administering some of the first doses of penicillin, Ingram promoted its use to the surrounding Brigham community. In speech by then-Captain Alvin Ingram to the Rotary Club of Brigham City, he explained how penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, and extolled recent successes","psg_id":"18491365"},{"title":"Jack Suchet","text":"Jack Suchet Jack Suchet (10 May 1908 – 9 September 2001) was a South African-born English consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, who carried out research on the use of penicillin in the treatment of venereal disease with Sir Alexander Fleming in London. He was the father of newsreader John Suchet and actor David Suchet. Suchet was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1908 to Isidor Suchedowitz, a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant from Memel. His father, who had changed the family surname from Suchedowitz to Suchet, wanted Jack to go into business, and he studied Business Administration at the University of Cape Town","psg_id":"10170181"},{"title":"George Fleming (footballer, born 1869)","text":"Liverpool. George Fleming (footballer, born 1869) George Fleming (born 20 May 1869 in Bannockburn, Scotland) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool F.C. in The Football League. Fleming started his career at East Stirlingshire F.C., before he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., where he made 187 appearances for the club from 1894 to 1901. Fleming was transferred to Liverpool in 1901, he made 26 appearances in his debut season, which decreased the following seasons. He made more appearances in the 1905–06 season, but the following season he only appeared sporadically and eventually became the assistant trainer","psg_id":"16387386"},{"title":"George Fleming (footballer, born 1869)","text":"George Fleming (footballer, born 1869) George Fleming (born 20 May 1869 in Bannockburn, Scotland) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool F.C. in The Football League. Fleming started his career at East Stirlingshire F.C., before he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., where he made 187 appearances for the club from 1894 to 1901. Fleming was transferred to Liverpool in 1901, he made 26 appearances in his debut season, which decreased the following seasons. He made more appearances in the 1905–06 season, but the following season he only appeared sporadically and eventually became the assistant trainer at","psg_id":"16387385"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center","text":"Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center The Biomedical Sciences Research Center \"Alexander Fleming\" is a non-profit research organisation based in Vari, Athens, Greece. The Center is named after the scientist Alexander Fleming. Since the beginning of its operations in 1998, the Center develops basic as well as translational and applied research programs at the cutting edge of modern biomedical sciences. Currently the Center hosts 14 research groups distributed in 4 Institutes (Immunology, Molecular Oncology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cellular & Developmental Biology). Over the short period since its establishment, BSRC Al. Fleming has gained extensive visibility in the European science","psg_id":"11825639"},{"title":"Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center","text":"disease (inflammation, cancer, metabolic syndrome, CNS disorders) Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center The Biomedical Sciences Research Center \"Alexander Fleming\" is a non-profit research organisation based in Vari, Athens, Greece. The Center is named after the scientist Alexander Fleming. Since the beginning of its operations in 1998, the Center develops basic as well as translational and applied research programs at the cutting edge of modern biomedical sciences. Currently the Center hosts 14 research groups distributed in 4 Institutes (Immunology, Molecular Oncology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cellular & Developmental Biology). Over the short period since its establishment, BSRC Al. Fleming has","psg_id":"11825643"},{"title":"James Brady (columnist)","text":"survived by his wife (the former Florence Kelly, whom he married in 1958), two daughters (including author Susan Konig), four grandchildren and brother Monsignor Tom Brady who died March 28, 2013. James Brady (columnist) James Winston Brady (November 15, 1928 – January 26, 2009) was an American celebrity columnist who created the \"Page Six\" gossip column in the \"New York Post\" and \"W\" magazine; he wrote the \"In Step With\" column in \"Parade\" for nearly 25 years until his death. He wrote several books related to war, particularly the Korean War, in which he served as a United States Marine","psg_id":"12969316"},{"title":"Mike Connolly (columnist)","text":"Mike Connolly (columnist) Michael John Connolly (July 19, 1913 – November 18, 1966) was an American magazine reporter and primarily a Hollywood columnist. A native of Chicago, Illinois, he attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where, in 1937 and 1938, he was the city editor of the \"Daily Illini\", the independent student-run newspaper. From 1951 to 1966, Connolly was a gossip columnist for \"The Hollywood Reporter\", a daily entertainment newspaper dealing with film and television productions, located in Los Angeles, California. The screenplay for the biographical film \"I'll Cry Tomorrow\" (1955) was based on the autobiography of the same","psg_id":"7744783"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Alexander Fleming College\",\n \"text\": \"who discovered penicillin. Sir Alexander Fleming College Sir Alexander Fleming College (commonly known as Fleming College or simply Fleming) is a British school in Trujillo, northern Perú, it was the first English school outside Lima. Fleming College represents Cambridge University and is part of the British Schools of Peru (BSP) which includes other important English schools in Lima, such as Markham College, Cambridge College, Newton College and San Silvestre School. Many of the Fleming staff are from various English and Spanish-speaking countries including England, the United States, Denmark, Scotland, Chile and Mexico. The school has approximately 700 students. It includes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10456035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from \\\"Penicillium\\\" fungi. The term \\\"penicillin\\\" is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, the original penicillin found in 1928), procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin), benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine penicillin), and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V). Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period of time. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician, microbiologist, and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould \\\"Penicillium notatum\\\" in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. Fleming was knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944. In 1999, he was named in \\\"Time\\\" magazine's list of the . In 2002, he was chosen in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"which Fleming discovered and tested penicillin is preserved as the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. He investigated its positive anti-bacterial effect on many organisms, and noticed that it affected bacteria such as staphylococci and many other Gram-positive pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria, but not typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, which are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which he was seeking a cure at the time. It also affected \\\"Neisseria gonorrhoeae,\\\" which causes gonorrhoea, although this bacterium is Gram-negative. Fleming published his discovery in 1929, in the British \\\"Journal of Experimental Pathology,\\\" but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"and celebrity 'tell-all' magazines. Notable gossip columnists include: Gossip columns that are not named after a specific columnist, along with the media source, include: Gossip columnist A gossip columnist is someone who writes a gossip column in a newspaper or magazine, especially a gossip magazine. Gossip columns are material written in a light, informal style, which relates the gossip columnist's opinions about the personal lives or conduct of celebrities from show business (motion picture movie stars, theater, and television actors), politicians, professional sports stars, and other wealthy people or public figures. Some gossip columnists broadcast segments on radio and television.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Alexander Fleming College\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Alexander Fleming College Sir Alexander Fleming College (commonly known as Fleming College or simply Fleming) is a British school in Trujillo, northern Perú, it was the first English school outside Lima. Fleming College represents Cambridge University and is part of the British Schools of Peru (BSP) which includes other important English schools in Lima, such as Markham College, Cambridge College, Newton College and San Silvestre School. Many of the Fleming staff are from various English and Spanish-speaking countries including England, the United States, Denmark, Scotland, Chile and Mexico. The school has approximately 700 students. It includes state of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10456032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"Gossip columnist A gossip columnist is someone who writes a gossip column in a newspaper or magazine, especially a gossip magazine. Gossip columns are material written in a light, informal style, which relates the gossip columnist's opinions about the personal lives or conduct of celebrities from show business (motion picture movie stars, theater, and television actors), politicians, professional sports stars, and other wealthy people or public figures. Some gossip columnists broadcast segments on radio and television. The columns mix factual material on arrests, divorces, marriages and pregnancies, obtained from official records, with more speculative gossip stories, rumors, and innuendo about\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"with no supporting source or evidence, the celebrity can sue for libel on the grounds that their reputation was defamed. There is however circumstances where gossip columnist may not be fact checking the information they are receiving from their sources before publishing their stories. Not to mention that there are gossip columnist that are not reputable themselves to be posting articles about celebrities. As a result of this there is a chance that there are stories that have been publish that could lead to the defamation of celebrities. The first gossip columnist, dominating the 1930s and 40s, was Walter Winchell,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"competition in micro-organisms: antagonism between moulds and microbes\\\", or also Clodomiro Picado Twight whose work at the Institut Pasteur in 1923 on the inhibiting action of fungi of the \\\"Penicillin sp.\\\" genre in the growth of staphylococci drew little interest from the directors of the Institut at the time. Fleming was the first to push these studies further by isolating the penicillin, and by being motivated enough to promote his discovery at a larger scale. Fleming also discovered very early that bacteria developed antibiotic resistance whenever too little penicillin was used or when it was used for too short a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Alexander Fleming College\",\n \"text\": \"with the Annual House Prize. Fleming is considered as one of the top schools in Trujillo, in terms of exclusiveness and academic excellence. Recently the school has been approved to offer the IBDP program and the PYP program, being the first school in northern-Peru to offer both programmes. Currently, students in primary and secondary are studying them. Also Fleming offers the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE), by Cambridge University, in which students develop different attributes of the subjects chosen in English (except for the language courses, Spanish and French). Fleming is named after Sir Alexander Fleming, the man\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10456034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with a British discovery, penicillin. Fleming's discovery of penicillin changed the world of modern medicine by introducing the age of useful antibiotics; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions of people around the world. The laboratory at St Mary's Hospital where Fleming discovered penicillin is home to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19511\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"diagnosed reason for it to be used, and that if it were used, never to use too little, or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which bacterial resistance to antibiotics develops. The popular story of Winston Churchill's father paying for Fleming's education after Fleming's father saved young Winston from death is false. According to the biography, \\\"Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution\\\" by Kevin Brown, Alexander Fleming, in a letter to his friend and colleague Andre Gratia, described this as \\\"A wondrous fable.\\\" Nor did he save Winston Churchill himself during World War\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"years, and continued until 1940 to try to get help from any chemist who had enough skill to make penicillin. But Sir Henry Harris said in 1998: \\\"Without Fleming, no Chain; without Chain, no Florey; without Florey, no Heatley; without Heatley, no penicillin.\\\" Fleming's accidental discovery and isolation of penicillin in September 1928 marks the start of modern antibiotics. Before that, several scientists had published or pointed out that mould or \\\"Penicillium sp.\\\" were able to inhibit bacterial growth, and even to cure bacterial infections in animals. Ernest Duchesne in 1897 in his thesis \\\"Contribution to the study of vital\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19506\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"nontoxic in humans by first performing toxicity tests in animals and then on humans. His subsequent experiments on penicillin's response to heat and pH allowed Fleming to increase the stability of the compound. The one test that modern scientists would find missing from his work was the test of penicillin on an infected animal, the results of which would likely have sparked great interest in penicillin and sped its development by almost a decade. The importance of his work has been recognized by the placement of an International Historic Chemical Landmark at the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in London on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clan Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"had succeeded his brother as the earl but when he died in 1747 the title became dormant. According to the \\\"Collins Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopedia\\\", Alexander Fleming who discovered Penicillin is the most distinguished bearer of the name in recent times. Castles that have been owned by the Clan Fleming include amongst many others: Clan Fleming Clan Fleming is a Scottish clan and is officially recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. However, as the clan does not currently have a chief that is recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms it is therefore considered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17037941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci immediately surrounding the fungus had been destroyed, whereas other staphylococci colonies farther away were normal, famously remarking \\\"That's funny\\\". Fleming showed the contaminated culture to his former assistant Merlin Price, who reminded him, \\\"That's how you discovered lysozyme.\\\" Fleming grew the mould in a pure culture and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. He identified the mould as being from the genus \\\"Penicillium\\\", and, after some months of calling it \\\"mould juice\\\", named the substance it released \\\"penicillin\\\" on 7 March 1929. The laboratory in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19500\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"in London (now part of Imperial College), Fleming noticed a Petri dish containing Staphylococci that had been mistakenly left open was contaminated by blue-green mould from an open window, which formed a visible growth. There was a halo of inhibited bacterial growth around the mould. Fleming concluded that the mould released a substance that repressed the growth and caused lysing of the bacteria. Once Fleming made his discovery he grew a pure culture and discovered it was a \\\"Penicillium\\\" mould, now known as \\\"Penicillium chrysogenum\\\". Fleming coined the term \\\"penicillin\\\" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313093\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"developed a method of purifying penicillin to an effective first stable form in 1940, several clinical trials ensued, and their amazing success inspired the team to develop methods for mass production and mass distribution in 1945. Fleming was modest about his part in the development of penicillin, describing his fame as the \\\"Fleming Myth\\\" and he praised Florey and Chain for transforming the laboratory curiosity into a practical drug. Fleming was the first to discover the properties of the active substance, giving him the privilege of naming it: penicillin. He also kept, grew, and distributed the original mould for twelve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"period. Almroth Wright had predicted antibiotic resistance even before it was noticed during experiments. Fleming cautioned about the use of penicillin in his many speeches around the world. On 26 June 1945, he made the following cautionary statements: \\\"the microbes are educated to resist penicillin and a host of penicillin-fast organisms is bred out ... In such cases the thoughtless person playing with penicillin is morally responsible for the death of the man who finally succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resistant organism. I hope this evil can be averted.\\\" He cautioned not to use penicillin unless there was a properly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19508\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"surface antiseptic. In the 1930s, Fleming's trials occasionally showed more promise, but Fleming largely abandoned penicillin work, leaving Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford to take up research to mass-produce it, with funds from the U.S. and British governments. They started mass production after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. By D-Day in 1944, enough penicillin had been produced to treat all the wounded in the Allied forces. In Oxford, Ernst Boris Chain and Edward Abraham were studying the molecular structure of the antibiotic. Abraham was the first to propose the correct structure of penicillin.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"printed falsehoods about a celebrity with “reckless disregard” for the truth. A celebrity suing a newspaper for libel must now prove that the paper published the falsehood with actual malice, or with deliberate knowledge that the statement was both incorrect and defamatory. Moreover, the court ruled that only factual misrepresentation is libel, not expression of opinion. Thus if a gossip columnist writes that they “...think that Celebrity X is an idiot,” the columnist does not face a risk of being sued for libel. On the other hand, if the columnist invents an allegation that “...Celebrity X is a wife beater,”\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970574\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"found in the broth filtrate. Despite this, he remained interested in the potential use of penicillin and presented a paper entitled \\\"A Medium for the Isolation of Pfeiffer's Bacillus\\\" to the Medical Research Club of London, which was met with little interest and even less enthusiasm by his peers. Had Fleming been more successful at making other scientists interested in his work, penicillin for medicinal use would possibly have been developed years earlier. Despite the lack of interest of his fellow scientists, he did conduct several experiments on the antibiotic substance he discovered. The most important result proved it was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313095\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"the Fleming Museum, a popular London attraction. His alma mater, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, merged with Imperial College London in 1988. The \\\"Sir Alexander Fleming Building\\\" on the South Kensington campus was opened in 1998, where his son Robert and his great granddaughter Claire were presented to the Queen; it is now one of the main preclinical teaching sites of the Imperial College School of Medicine. His other alma mater, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) has named one of its student halls of residence \\\"Alexander Fleming House\\\", which is near to Old Street. On 24\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"December 1915, Fleming married a trained nurse, Sarah Marion McElroy of Killala, County Mayo, Ireland. Their only child, Robert Fleming (1924–2015), became a general medical practitioner. After his first wife's death in 1949, Fleming married Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Vourekas, a Greek colleague at St. Mary's, on 9 April 1953; she died in 1986. From 1921 until his death in 1955, Fleming owned a country home in Barton Mills, Suffolk. On 11 March 1955, Fleming died at his home in London of a heart attack. He is buried in St Paul's Cathedral. Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"History of penicillin The history of penicillin follows a number of observations and discoveries of apparent evidence of antibiotic activity in molds before the modern isolation of the chemical penicillin in 1928. There are anecdotes about ancient societies using molds to treat infections, and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of bacterial growth by various molds. However, it is unknown if the species involved were \\\"Penicillium\\\" species or if the antimicrobial substances produced were penicillin. The Scottish physician Alexander Fleming was the first to suggest that a \\\"Penicillium\\\" mold must secrete an antibacterial substance, and the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7485069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"little attention was paid to his article. Fleming continued his investigations, but found that cultivating \\\"Penicillium\\\" was quite difficult, and that after having grown the mould, it was even more difficult to isolate the antibiotic agent. Fleming's impression was that because of the problem of producing it in quantity, and because its action appeared to be rather slow, penicillin would not be important in treating infection. Fleming also became convinced that penicillin would not last long enough in the human body (\\\"in vivo\\\") to kill bacteria effectively. Many clinical tests were inconclusive, probably because it had been used as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"by scientists and physicians on the antibacterial properties of the different types of moulds including the mould penicillium but they were unable to discern what process was causing the effect. The effects of penicillium mould would finally be isolated in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming, in work that seems to have been independent of those earlier observations. Fleming recounted that the date of his discovery of penicillin was on the morning of Friday 28 September 1928. The traditional version of this story describes the discovery as a serendipitous accident: in his laboratory in the basement of St Mary's Hospital\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313092\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Albert Alexander (police officer)\",\n \"text\": \"wife of pharmacologist and medic Dr Howard Walter Florey, and Dr Charles Fletcher brought Constable Alexander's case to Florey's attention. The ability of penicillin to slow or counteract bacterial infection had first been noticed by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford were working on the medical applications of penicillin, as produced by the mould \\\"Penicillium notatum\\\", and attempting to isolate quantities of penicillin from the mould large enough for a human trial. Having tried the extracted penicillin only on mice, Florey and colleagues\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9691779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Penicillium\\\" mould. Fleming asked C. J. La Touche to help identify the mould, which he incorrectly identified as \\\"Penicillium rubrum\\\" (later corrected by Charles Thom). He expressed initial optimism that penicillin would be a useful disinfectant, because of its high potency and minimal toxicity in comparison to antiseptics of the day, and noted its laboratory value in the isolation of \\\"Bacillus influenzae\\\" (now called \\\"Haemophilus influenzae\\\"). Fleming was a famously poor communicator and orator, which meant his findings were not initially given much attention. He was unable to convince a chemist to help him extract and stabilize the antibacterial compound\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313094\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"1947. In 1897 he married Eleanor Mary Holland. Their children included Launcelot Fleming FRSE. Robert Alexander Fleming Dr Robert Alexander Fleming FRSE LLD (1862-1947) was a Scottish pathologist and medical author who served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1927-29. He was born in Dundee the son of Emma Lyle and Robert Whillans Fleming, a local merchant. He was educated at Larchfield Academy and Craigmount School. He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating with an MA in 1884 and MB CB in 1888. He then became senior lecturer in Clinical Medicine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19516733\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Alexander Fleming Dr Robert Alexander Fleming FRSE LLD (1862-1947) was a Scottish pathologist and medical author who served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1927-29. He was born in Dundee the son of Emma Lyle and Robert Whillans Fleming, a local merchant. He was educated at Larchfield Academy and Craigmount School. He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating with an MA in 1884 and MB CB in 1888. He then became senior lecturer in Clinical Medicine at the various Edinburgh medical colleges and university and senior surgeon at the Edinburgh\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19516731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"Orr-Ewing and G. Sanders) at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford made progress in showing the \\\"in vivo\\\" bactericidal action of penicillin. In 1940, they showed that penicillin effectively cured bacterial infection in mice. In 1941, they treated a policeman, Albert Alexander, with a severe face infection; his condition improved, but then supplies of penicillin ran out and he died. Subsequently, several other patients were treated successfully. In December 1942, survivors of the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston were the first burn patients to be successfully treated with penicillin. By late 1940, the Oxford team under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313098\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Sandford Fleming Park\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Sandford Fleming Park Sir Sandford Fleming Park is a Canadian urban park located in the community of Jollimore in Halifax Regional Municipality. It is also known as Dingle Park which means wooded valley. The park was donated to the people of Halifax by Sir Sandford Fleming. The centrepiece of the park is an impressive tower that commemorates Nova Scotia's achievement of representative government in 1758. Constructed between 1908 and 1912, the Memorial Tower was erected during the same period of building other commemorative towers in the British Commonwealth, notably Cabot Tower in Bristol, England (1898) and Cabot Tower in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3970311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"and they believe that their reputation has been defamed — that is, exposed to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or pecuniary loss. Gossip columnists cannot defend against libel claims by arguing that they merely repeated, but did not originate the defaming rumor or claim; instead, a columnist must prove that the allegedly defaming statement was truthful, or that it was based on a reasonably reliable source. In the mid-1960s, rulings by the United States Supreme Court made it harder for the media to be sued for libel in the U.S. The court ruled that libel only occurred in cases where a publication\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"Fleming went to Loudoun Moor School and Darvel School, and earned a two-year scholarship to Kilmarnock Academy before moving to London, where he attended the Royal Polytechnic Institution. After working in a shipping office for four years, the twenty-year-old Alexander Fleming inherited some money from an uncle, John Fleming. His elder brother, Tom, was already a physician and suggested to him that he should follow the same career, and so in 1903, the younger Alexander enrolled at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in Paddington; he qualified with an MBBS degree from the school with distinction in 1906. Fleming had been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19494\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Howard Florey\",\n \"text\": \"Howard Florey Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 189821 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin. Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials in 1941 of penicillin at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a constable from Oxford. The patient started to recover but subsequently died because Florey was unable, at that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"503917\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet (1748–1806) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 32 years from 1774 to 1806. Fleming was the only son of Sir William Fleming, 3rd Baronet of Rydal, Westmorland, and his wife Elizabeth Petyt, daughter of Christopher Petyt of Skipton, Yorkshire and was born on 10 December 1748. His father died when he was nine on 31 March 1757 and he succeeded to the baronetcy. Sir James Lowther became his ward. Fleming was educated at Eton College from 1760 to 1765. In 1770 he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20417677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"to concentrate the active substance involved, which he named penicillin, in 1928. Penicillin was the first modern antibiotic. During the next twelve years Fleming grew, distributed, and studied the original mold, which was determined to be a rare variant of \\\"Penicillium notatum\\\" (now \\\"Penicillium chrysogenum\\\"). Many later scientists were involved in the stabilization and mass production of penicillin and in the search for more productive strains of \\\"Penicillium\\\". Important contributors include Ernst Chain, Howard Florey, Norman Heatley, and Edward Abraham. Shortly after the discovery of penicillin, scientists found that some disease-causing pathogens display antibiotic resistance to penicillin. Research that aims\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7485070\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"into ill-repute after the heyday of Hopper and Parsons, gossip columnists saw a comeback in the 1980s. Today, many mainstream magazines such as \\\"Time\\\" which would once have considered the idea of hiring gossip columnists to pen articles to have been beneath their stature, have sections titled \\\"People\\\" or \\\"Entertainment\\\". These mainstream gossip columns provide a light, chatty glimpse into the private lives and misadventures of the rich and famous. At the other end of the journalism spectrum, there are entire publications that deal primarily in gossip, rumor, and innuendo about celebrities, such as the 'red-top' tabloids in the UK\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming (doctor)\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength known as Fleming's tincture. Having spent some years at Cork as professor of materia medica in the Queen's College, he went in 1858 to Birmingham, where he held the honorary office of physician to the Queen's Hospital until his retirement through ill-health in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15269202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"who used political, entertainment, and social connections to mine information and rumors, which he then either published in his column \\\"On Broadway\\\", or used for trade or blackmail, to accumulate more power. He became \\\"the most feared journalist\\\" of his era. In Hollywood's \\\"golden age\\\" in the 1930s and 1940s, gossip columnists were courted by the movie studios, so that the studios could use gossip columns as a powerful publicity tool. During this period, the major film studios had \\\"stables\\\" of contractually obligated actors, and the studios controlled nearly all aspects of the lives of their movie stars. From the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fleming Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"on December 13, 1980 in New York City, and is buried at the Roselawn Cemetery in Christiansburg, Virginia. Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the \\\"Roanoke Tribune\\\" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was \\\"Poor\\\". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19460988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fleming Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the \\\"Roanoke Tribune\\\" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was \\\"Poor\\\". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry regiment. Before moving to Roanoke, he worked with the \\\"Atlanta Daily World\\\" and \\\"Louisburg Reporter\\\". For a short\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19460983\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez\",\n \"text\": \"in Bacteriology with Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered Penicillin, becoming the first Cuban woman to obtain this scholarship. She studied under the direction of Dr. Fleming at St. Mary's Hospital in the University of London and, later, Dr. Fleming and his wife visited Tamargo-Sanchez and her family in Cuba, where, at her request, he lectured at the University of Havana. She came to the United States in 1968 and worked at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York until her retirement in 1980. She then spent her last 22 years in Miami with her family. Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez Dr. Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez (September 30,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10243045\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"Shortly after the team published its first results in 1940, Fleming telephoned Howard Florey, Chain's head of department, to say that he would be visiting within the next few days. When Chain heard that Fleming was coming, he remarked \\\"Good God! I thought he was dead.\\\" Norman Heatley suggested transferring the active ingredient of penicillin back into water by changing its acidity. This produced enough of the drug to begin testing on animals. There were many more people involved in the Oxford team, and at one point the entire Dunn School was involved in its production. After the team had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming (doctor)\",\n \"text\": \"1873. He died at Brixton, London, on 21 August 1875. Besides the works above mentioned, he published two introductory addresses and two papers in the 'Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science ' (on measles of the pig, and on the classification of medicines). Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15269203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"the BBC's television poll for determining the 100 Greatest Britons, and in 2009, he was also voted third \\\"greatest Scot\\\" in an opinion poll conducted by STV, behind only Robert Burns and William Wallace. Born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland, Alexander was the third of four children of farmer Hugh Fleming (1816–1888) from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton (1848–1928), the daughter of a neighbouring farmer. Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. He was 59 at the time of his second marriage, and died when Alexander was seven.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19493\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Amalia Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"Amalia Fleming Amalia Fleming, Lady Fleming, née Koutsouri-Vourekas (; 28 June 1912 – 26 February 1986) was a Greek physician, activist and politician. Fleming was born in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in 1912. She moved to Greece and, during the Axis occupation of Greece, took part in the Greek Resistance, for which she was jailed by the Italians. She married Sir Alexander Fleming in 1953, but with his death in March 1955 she was widowed less than two years later. She returned to Greece in 1963 and was arrested by the Greek military junta (1967-1974) for acts of resistance. She\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11641198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Alexander Fleming College\",\n \"text\": \"art audio-visual rooms, electronic smart boards and computer and science labs. As every British school around the world, Fleming has the house system, led by 4 house captains, 2 in primary and 2 in secondary, and a teacher house representative. The houses are named by important English men, in this case are; Jeffreys (named by Alexander Jeffreys), Hawkings (named by Stephen Hawkings) and Bannister (named by Roger Bannister). The houses compete in different areas such as sports, during school olympics, academic and oral. At the end of the year, the house which won more points during the year, is awarded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10456033\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet\",\n \"text\": \"Earl of Suffolk on 23 November 1782, but in 1793 she was said to be on the verge of leaving him. He died on 19 May 1806. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his cousin Sir Daniel Fleming who married Anne his only legitimate daughter. Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet (1748–1806) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 32 years from 1774 to 1806. Fleming was the only son of Sir William Fleming, 3rd Baronet of Rydal, Westmorland, and his wife Elizabeth Petyt, daughter of Christopher Petyt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20417679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"celebrity or their projects, or to counteract \\\"bad press\\\" that has recently surfaced about their conduct. While gossip columnists’ \\\"bread and butter\\\" is rumor, innuendo, and allegations of scandalous behavior, there is a fine line between legally acceptable spreading of rumor and the making of defamatory statements, which can provoke a lawsuit. Newspaper and magazine editorial policies normally require gossip columnists to have a source for all of their allegations, to protect the publisher against lawsuits for defamation (libel). In the United States, celebrities or public figures can sue for libel if their private lives are revealed in gossip columns\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Richard Johnson (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"Richard Johnson (columnist) Richard Johnson is an American gossip columnist with the \\\"New York Post\\\"s Page Six column, which he edited for 25 years. Described by the \\\"New York Times\\\" as \\\"a journalistic descendant of Walter Winchell\\\", in 1994 he was ranked the #1 New York City gossip columnist by \\\"New York\\\" magazine in a list that also included Liz Smith, Michael Musto, and Cindy Adams. Johnson was raised in Greenwich Village, New York, the son of a magazine editor father and a mother who worked in public relations. He attended the University of Colorado, Boulder, and later Empire State\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20516016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"sire\\\", which was already used in English since at least c.1205 as a title placed before a name and denoting knighthood, and to address the (male) Sovereign since c.1225, with additional general senses of 'father, male parent' is from c.1250, and 'important elderly man' from 1362. The prefix is used with the holder's given name or full name, but never with the surname alone. For example, whilst Sir Alexander and Sir Alexander Fleming would be correct, Sir Fleming would not. The equivalent for a female who holds a knighthood or baronetcy in her own right is 'Dame', and follows the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1741544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ernst Chain\",\n \"text\": \"venoms, tumour metabolism, lysozymes, and biochemistry techniques. Chain was naturalised as a British subject in 1939. In 1939, he joined Howard Florey to investigate natural antibacterial agents produced by microorganisms. This led him and Florey to revisit the work of Alexander Fleming, who had described penicillin nine years earlier. Chain and Florey went on to discover penicillin's therapeutic action and its chemical composition. Chain and Florey discovered how to isolate and concentrate the germ-killing agent in penicillin. Along with Edward Abraham he was also involved in theorising the beta-lactam structure of penicillin in 1942, which was confirmed by X-ray crystallography\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3302632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Abraham\",\n \"text\": \"and the Oxford-EPA Cephalosporin Graduate Scholarship). Abraham was the recipient of many awards over his lifetime: Edward Abraham Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin. From 1924 Abraham attended King Edward VI School, Southampton, before achieving a First in Chemistry at The Queen's College, Oxford. Abraham completed his DPhil at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Sir Robert Robinson, during which he was the first to crystallise lysozyme, an enzyme discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming and shown to have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3627443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Abraham\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Abraham Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin. From 1924 Abraham attended King Edward VI School, Southampton, before achieving a First in Chemistry at The Queen's College, Oxford. Abraham completed his DPhil at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Sir Robert Robinson, during which he was the first to crystallise lysozyme, an enzyme discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming and shown to have antibacterial properties, and was later the first enzyme to have its structure solved using X-ray crystallography,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3627436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Howard Florey\",\n \"text\": \"time, to make enough penicillin. It was Florey and Chain who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin, after the task had been abandoned as too difficult. Florey's discoveries, along with the discoveries of Alexander Fleming and Ernst Chain, are estimated to have saved over 200 million lives, and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said, \\\"In terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia\\\". Howard Florey was the youngest of three children\",\n \"psg_id\": \"503918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"and subsequently concentrated what he later named \\\"penicillin\\\". During the next twelve years, Fleming grew and distributed the original mold, which was eventually identified as \\\"Penicillium notatum\\\" (now known as \\\"Penicillium chrysogenum\\\"). He was unsuccessful in making a stable form of it for mass production. Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to treat sycosis (eruptions in beard follicles) with penicillin but was unsuccessful, probably because the drug did not penetrate deep enough. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in babies, he achieved the first cure on 25 November 1930. He cured four\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7485078\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ethel Léontine Gabain\",\n \"text\": \"developed during the war. In 1944, as well as depicting Sir Alexander Fleming working in the laboratory where he had discovered penicillin, Gabain also recorded, in \\\"A Child Bomb-Victim Receiving Penicillin Treatment\\\", a young girl being treated with the drug. She recorded pioneering treatments of burns victims, including the introduction of a new continuous irrigation method. Several industrial firms commissioned works from Gabain. Williams and Williams, Reliance Works in Chester commissioned Gabain to produce a number of lithographs and oils. One oil shows \\\"Women Workers in the Canteen at Williams and Williams\\\". These were brought about by Lawrence Haward, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14670402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gossip columnist\",\n \"text\": \"romantic relationships, affairs, and purported personal problems. Gossip columnists have a reciprocal relationship with the celebrities whose private lives are splashed about in the gossip column's pages. While gossip columnists sometimes engage in (borderline) defamatory conduct, spreading innuendo about alleged immoral or illegal conduct that can injure celebrities' reputations, they also are an important part of the \\\"Star System\\\" publicity machine that turns movie actors and musicians into celebrities and superstars that are the objects of the public's obsessive attention and interest. The publicity agents of celebrities often provide or \\\"leak\\\" information or rumors to gossip columnists to publicize the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"970571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Amalia Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"Concern, and Human Rights Union. Fleming initiated and funded the establishment of the Greek Foundation for Basic Biological Research \\\"Alexander Fleming\\\" (1965) which was later transformed to the Biomedical Sciences Research Center \\\"Alexander Fleming\\\", a governmental, non-profit institution which is actively involved in research areas covering immunology, molecular biology, genetics and molecular oncology. Amalia Fleming died in 1986. The same year a hospital was founded at Athens and named after her (currently known as Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital). Amalia Fleming Amalia Fleming, Lady Fleming, née Koutsouri-Vourekas (; 28 June 1912 – 26 February 1986) was a Greek physician, activist and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11641200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet\",\n \"text\": \"became rector of both Windermere and Grasmere and gave William Wordsworth a home at Rydal Mount. Before moving to Rydal Hall, the Le Fleming family lived at Coniston Hall, which is now owned by the National Trust. Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet (1667 – 2 July 1747) was a British churchman. A member of the old Westmorland family, Fleming was the fifth son of Sir Daniel Le Fleming of Rydal Hall. Along with his three brothers, he was educated at Sedbergh School. From Sedbergh, he progressed to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1688. He became\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5289596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Brady (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"James Brady (columnist) James Winston Brady (November 15, 1928 – January 26, 2009) was an American celebrity columnist who created the \\\"Page Six\\\" gossip column in the \\\"New York Post\\\" and \\\"W\\\" magazine; he wrote the \\\"In Step With\\\" column in \\\"Parade\\\" for nearly 25 years until his death. He wrote several books related to war, particularly the Korean War, in which he served as a United States Marine Corps officer. Brady was born in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn. His career in journalism started working as a copy boy for the \\\"Daily News\\\", where he worked while attending Manhattan College. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12969309\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Sirens of Time\",\n \"text\": \"are being used to revitalise the Knights. She proceeds to reveal what happened next at each of the nexus points. The Seventh Doctor rerouted the planetary shields to repel the bio-assassins and save Sancroff. The Knights one day found him to inspire their plans of conquest. The Fifth Doctor's actions prevented the sinking of the Lusitania. Although the outcome of the First World War was not greatly affected, a common criminal on board the ship who should have died went on to murder Alexander Fleming. Penicillin was never discovered and in 1956 a plague devastated the Earth. This in turn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4784292\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet\",\n \"text\": \"Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet (1667 – 2 July 1747) was a British churchman. A member of the old Westmorland family, Fleming was the fifth son of Sir Daniel Le Fleming of Rydal Hall. Along with his three brothers, he was educated at Sedbergh School. From Sedbergh, he progressed to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1688. He became Canon of Carlisle Cathedral in 1700, Archdeacon of Carlisle in 1705, Dean in 1727 and finally Bishop of Carlisle in 1734. He succeeded as 2nd Baronet in 1736. A successor, the Revd Sir Richard Le Fleming Bt,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5289595\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"caused by infected wounds among Allied forces, saving an estimated 12%–15% of lives. Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug, necessitating frequent dosing. Methods for mass production of penicillin were patented by Andrew Jackson Moyer in 1945. Florey had not patented penicillin, having been advised by Sir Henry Dale that doing so would be unethical. Penicillin is actively excreted, and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared from the body within three to four hours of administration. Indeed, during the early penicillin era,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"313102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hugh Jackson (paediatrician)\",\n \"text\": \"at Oxford University. One of his teachers was Sir Howard Florey a pioneer who went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 along with Sir Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the making of penicillin. Jackson was fortunate to see some of the early successes with penicillin. He trained in the A&E department at Radcliffe Infirmary and also in Wingfield Orthopaedic Hospital where he met his future wife Shirley who was doing research in traumatic nerve damage. He and Shirley were married in 1945. Dr. Jackson died 5 October 2013\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17610703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming\",\n \"text\": \"II. Churchill was saved by Lord Moran, using sulphonamides, since he had no experience with penicillin, when Churchill fell ill in Carthage in Tunisia in 1943. \\\"The Daily Telegraph\\\" and \\\"The Morning Post\\\" on 21 December 1943 wrote that he had been saved by penicillin. He was saved by the new sulphonamide drug Sulphapyridine, known at the time under the research code M&B 693, discovered and produced by May & Baker Ltd, Dagenham, Essex – a subsidiary of the French group Rhône-Poulenc. In a subsequent radio broadcast, Churchill referred to the new drug as \\\"This admirable M&B\\\". It is highly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19510\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Alexander Buchanan\",\n \"text\": \"this the Clan Buchanan coat of arms to this day depicts a ducal coronet being held up in triumph. Sir Alexander was killed three years later at the Battle of Verneuil, in which the Scottish army was all-but destroyed. The English shouted \\\"A Clarence! A Clarence!\\\" during the attack, invoking the memory of the deceased Duke as a battle cry for revenge. Sir Alexander died without issue and his father, Sir Walter Buchanan, eleventh Laird of Buchanan, was succeeded by his second son, Sir Walter Buchanan, twelfth Laird of Buchanan. Sir Alexander Buchanan Sir Alexander Buchanan (d. 1424) was the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14493866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nobel Prize controversies\",\n \"text\": \"various infectious diseases\\\". Fleming accidentally stumbled upon the then-unidentified fungal mold. However, some critics pointed out that Fleming did not in fact discover penicillin, that it was technically a rediscovery; decades before Fleming, Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, William Roberts (physician), John Tyndall and Ernest Duchesne had already done studies and research on its useful properties and medicinal characteristics. Moreover, according to Fleming himself, the first known reference to penicillin was from Psalm 51: \\\"Purge me with hyssop and I shall be clean\\\". Meanwhile, he had learned from mycologist Charles Thom (the same who helped Fleming establish the identity of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4622994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Almroth Wright\",\n \"text\": \"and remained there until his retirement in 1946. Among the many bacteriologists who followed in Wright's footsteps at St Mary's was Sir Alexander Fleming, who in turn later discovered lysozyme and penicillin. Wright was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1906. Leonard Colebrook became his assistant from 1907 and continued working with him until 1929. Wright warned early on that antibiotics would create resistant bacteria, something that has proven an increasing danger. He made his thoughts on preventive medicine influential, stressing preventive measures. Wright's ideas have been re-asserted recently—70 years after his death—by modern researchers in articles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4493848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Fleming Day\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Fleming Day Thomas Fleming Day (1861 – August 19, 1927) was a sailboat designer and sailboat racer. He was the founding editor of \\\"The Rudder\\\", a monthly magazine about boats. He was the first to win the annual New York to Bermuda race. The T. F. Day Trophy is named for him. He was born in Somerset, England in March 1861, emigrated with his parents to the United States when he was a young boy, and was brought up on Long Island Sound. In 1890, he founded \\\"The Rudder\\\", \\\"A monthly journal devoted to aquatic sport and trade,\\\" which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15052025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kevin Brown (historian)\",\n \"text\": \"the United States Department of Agriculture National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research at Peoria, Illinois. He was Chairman of the London Museums of Health & Medicine from 2001 to 2004. He is an authority on Alexander Fleming and the history of penicillin. Brown's 2004 biography of Alexander Fleming, \\\"Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution\\\" tells the story of the discovery of penicillin and of the great scientist who made that breakthrough. He has also written a history of syphilis, \\\"The Pox: the Life and Near Death of a Very Social Disease\\\" in 2006 and has written a study\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10369354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Brattain\",\n \"text\": \"and rapid transmission of the technology within a network of war-time companies, but the secrecy restrictions limited the extent to which the Brattain-Beckman work became publicly known. Companies such as Perkin-Elmer whose work was not as restricted, were able to publish about their work in infrared spectroscopy before Brattain and Beckman could do so. After the war, such instruments were adopted widely by chemists because they were simple to use, reliable, and reasonably priced. Penicillin, a powerful antibiotic, was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. During World War II, the drug was in demand to treat both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18710113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Billy Masters (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"Billy Masters (columnist) Billy Masters (born February 13, 1969 in Somerville, Massachusetts) is best known as an openly gay gossip columnist whose work is syndicated to gay and alternative publications around the United States. In 1995, his column (originally called \\\"Filth2Go\\\") appeared in \\\"Odyssey Magazine\\\", San Francisco. Within three months, it was in over 20 publications, marking the first time a columnist was syndicated in gay papers. By 1998, he started the website Filth2Go.com which routinely was ranked in the top 100,000 websites around the world (according to Alexa.com). In 2005, the column became known simply as \\\"Billy Masters\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7767597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin binding proteins\",\n \"text\": \"original penicillin molecule has increased the affinity of PBPs for penicillin, and, thus, increased effectiveness in bacteria with developing resistance. Presence of the protein penicillin binding protein 2A (PBP2A) is responsible for the antibiotic resistance seen in methicillin-resistant \\\"Staphylococcus aureus\\\" (MRSA). The β-lactam ring is a structure common to all β-lactam antibiotics. PASTA domain Penicillin binding proteins Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7207674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Alexander MacKenzie Elementary School\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Alexander MacKenzie Elementary School Sir Alexander Mackenzie Elementary is a public elementary school in Vancouver, British Columbia part of School District 39 Vancouver. Mackenzie was constructed in 1925 with an enrollment of about 25 to 30 students. In 1930 the official school was built and opened for grades K to 7. Students had to wear uniforms which were the school colours of blue and white and the girls had to go in through the south side and the boys had to go in through the west side. When Fleming elementary was constructed the board of education was thinking of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8580538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Earl Wilson (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"Earl Wilson (columnist) Harvey Earl Wilson (May 3, 1907 – January 16, 1987) was an American journalist, gossip columnist, and author, perhaps best known for his 6-day a week nationally syndicated newspaper column, \\\"It Happened Last Night\\\". Wilson was born in Rockford, in Mercer County in western Ohio, to Arthur Wilson, a farmer, and Chloe Huffman Wilson. He attended Central High, where he reported on the doings of the school, using his father's typewriter to write his stories. Young Earl's mother encouraged him to pursue a career outside of farming. Wilson contributed to the \\\"Rockford Press\\\" and the Lima \\\"Republican\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10588590\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Billy Masters (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"of a Hollywood Insider\\\" at Chicago's Bailiwick Repertory Theatre. At the time, Billy was in Chicago for the Grabby Awards and International Mr . Leather. Billy Masters (columnist) Billy Masters (born February 13, 1969 in Somerville, Massachusetts) is best known as an openly gay gossip columnist whose work is syndicated to gay and alternative publications around the United States. In 1995, his column (originally called \\\"Filth2Go\\\") appeared in \\\"Odyssey Magazine\\\", San Francisco. Within three months, it was in over 20 publications, marking the first time a columnist was syndicated in gay papers. By 1998, he started the website Filth2Go.com which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7767602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alex Gossip\",\n \"text\": \"Alex Gossip Alexander Gossip (11 September 1862 – 14 May 1952) was a Scottish trade union leader and political activist. Born at Crawford Priory in Fife, where his father was head gardener, Gossip was educated at Madras Academy, leaving at the age of fourteen to complete an apprenticeship as a cabinet-maker. On completing this, he joined the United Operative Cabinet and Chairmakers' Society of Scotland, soon becoming its assistant general secretary. Through his trade union activity, he befriended Keir Hardie, who converted him to socialism. Gossip was a founding member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1893. Three years\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19422069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Micrococcus luteus\",\n \"text\": \"Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligate aerobe, \\\"M. luteus\\\" is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. It was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming before he discovered penicillin in 1928. \\\"M. luteus\\\" is considered a contaminant in sick patients and is resistant by slowing of major metabolic processes and induction of unique genes.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5228267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Micrococcus luteus\",\n \"text\": \"cancer, and scientists believe this pigment can be used to make a sunscreen that can protect against ultraviolet light. Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligate aerobe, \\\"M. luteus\\\" is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. It was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming before he discovered penicillin in 1928. \\\"M. luteus\\\" is considered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5228270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Hickey (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"William Hickey (columnist) \\\"William Hickey\\\" is the pseudonymous byline of a gossip column published in the \\\"Daily Express\\\", a British newspaper. It was named after the eighteenth-century diarist William Hickey. The column was first established by Tom Driberg in May 1933. An existing gossip column was relaunched following the intervention of the \\\"Express\\\"'s proprietor Lord Beaverbrook. It was titled \\\"These Names Make News\\\". Driberg described the new feature as \\\"...an intimate biographical column about ... men and women who matter. Artists, statesmen, airmen, writers, financiers, explorers...\\\" Historian David Kynaston calls Driberg the \\\"founder of the modern gossip column\\\", which moved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12665075\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Microfungi\",\n \"text\": \"spreading the fungus. Many microfungi species are benign, existing as soil saprotrophs, for example, largely unobserved by humans. Many thousands of microfungal species occur in lichens, forming symbiotic relationships with algae. Other microfungi, such as those of the genera \\\"Penicillium\\\", \\\"Aspergillus\\\" and \\\"Neurospora\\\", were first discovered as molds causing spoilage of fruit and bread. Certain species have commercial value. \\\"Penicillium\\\" species are used in the manufacture of blue cheeses and as the source of the antibiotic penicillin, discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928, while fusarium venenatum is used to produce a mycoprotein food product. Microfungi can also be harmful,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9975594\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fleming College\",\n \"text\": \"Yellow Umbrella Project and Bell Let's Talk Day, and organized Big Brothers Big Sisters Come to Fleming day. The social and political needs of students are served through the Student Administrative Council (SAC) at Sutherland Campus and the Student Association (SA) at Frost Campus. These are student-run corporations. Fleming College Fleming College, also known as Sir Sandford Fleming College, is an Ontario College of Applied Arts and Technology located at Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. The college has an enrollment of more than 5,800 full-time and 10,000 part-time students. The college was named after the Scottish born engineer and inventor Sandford Fleming,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4462803\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penicillin binding proteins\",\n \"text\": \"Penicillin binding proteins Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except for tabtoxinine-β-lactam, which inhibits glutamine synthetase) bind to PBPs, which are essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis. PBPs are members of a subgroup of enzymes called transpeptidases. Specifically, PBPs are DD-transpeptidases. There are a large number of PBPs, usually several in each organism, and they are found as both membrane-bound and cytoplasmic proteins. For\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7207669\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Benzylpenicillin\",\n \"text\": \"of penicillin allergy. Use during pregnancy is generally safe. It is in the penicillin and β-lactam class of medications. Benzylpenicillin was discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming and came into commercial use in 1942. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.24–2.72 per day. In the United States a course of treatment costs $100–200. As an antibiotic, benzylpenicillin is noted to possess effectiveness mainly against Gram-positive organisms. Some Gram-negative organisms such as \\\"Neisseria gonorrhoeae\\\" and \\\"Leptospira\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12058337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mike Walker (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Walker (columnist) Mike Walker (January 16, 1946 – February 16, 2018) was an American radio personality and gossip columnist for \\\"The National Enquirer\\\", and hosted the magazine's 1999-2001 MGM-produced newsmagazine, \\\"National Enquirer TV\\\". He is also the author of the 2005 book, \\\"Rather Dumb: A Top Tabloid Reporter Tells CBS How to Do News.\\\" Between April 11, 1996 and December 2010, Walker was a guest every week on \\\"The Howard Stern Show\\\" to play \\\"The Gossip Game.\\\" He would read four gossip stories, and the Stern crew guesses which one is false. During a 2006 Stern show appearance, Stern\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5274239\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fleming Alexander\",\n \"text\": \"newspaper has a printed purpose: \\\"1) to promote self-esteem; 2) to encourage RESPECT for self and differences in others, and 3) to help create lasting vehicles through which diverse peoples can unite on some common basis.\\\" Later, because of poor health after a car accident in 1971, he sold the \\\"Roanoke Tribune\\\" to his daughter, Claudia Alexander Whitworth. The \\\"Roanoke Tribune\\\" celebrated its 75th anniversary on April 9, 2014. A recent video history of the newspaper is available. Fleming Alexander was an early advocate of desegregation in Virginia's schools. After the \\\"Brown v. Topeka Board of Education\\\", decision, Alexander was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19460986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of penicillin\",\n \"text\": \"of a \\\"Penicillium glaucum\\\" mold, even curing infected guinea pigs of typhoid. He published a dissertation in 1897 but it was ignored by the Institut Pasteur. Duchesne was himself using a discovery made earlier by Arab stable boys, who used molds to cure sores on horses. He did not claim that the mold contained any antibacterial substance, only that the mold somehow protected the animals. The penicillin isolated by Fleming does not cure typhoid and so it remains unknown which substance might have responsible for Duchesne's cure. In Belgium in 1920, Andre Gratia and Sara Dath observed a fungal contamination\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7485076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Daniel Fleming (antiquary)\",\n \"text\": \"the Roman era to the university of Oxford. Fleming married in 1655 Barbara, eldest daughter of Sir Henry Fletcher of Hutton, Cumberland, who was killed at Rowton Heath on the side of the king in 1645. His eldest son, William, created a baronet 4 October 1705, died in 1736, and was succeeded by his brother Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet, bishop of Carlisle. Daniel Fleming (antiquary) Sir Daniel Fleming (1633–1701), was an English antiquarian and politician. Fleming was born on 25 July 1633, the eldest son of William Fleming of Coniston, North Lancashire, and Rydal, Westmoreland, by Alice, eldest daughter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15839697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alvin Ingram\",\n \"text\": \"in 1944, it housed 3,286 GI–patients. The U.S. Army designated Bushnell Hospital as the military’s first center for the study of penicillin’s possible use. On April 1, 1943, the first shipment of penicillin arrived at Bushnell, and during the War, it administered penicillin more than any other institution in the United States. In addition to administering some of the first doses of penicillin, Ingram promoted its use to the surrounding Brigham community. In speech by then-Captain Alvin Ingram to the Rotary Club of Brigham City, he explained how penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, and extolled recent successes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18491365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jack Suchet\",\n \"text\": \"Jack Suchet Jack Suchet (10 May 1908 – 9 September 2001) was a South African-born English consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, who carried out research on the use of penicillin in the treatment of venereal disease with Sir Alexander Fleming in London. He was the father of newsreader John Suchet and actor David Suchet. Suchet was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1908 to Isidor Suchedowitz, a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant from Memel. His father, who had changed the family surname from Suchedowitz to Suchet, wanted Jack to go into business, and he studied Business Administration at the University of Cape Town\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10170181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Fleming (footballer, born 1869)\",\n \"text\": \"Liverpool. George Fleming (footballer, born 1869) George Fleming (born 20 May 1869 in Bannockburn, Scotland) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool F.C. in The Football League. Fleming started his career at East Stirlingshire F.C., before he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., where he made 187 appearances for the club from 1894 to 1901. Fleming was transferred to Liverpool in 1901, he made 26 appearances in his debut season, which decreased the following seasons. He made more appearances in the 1905–06 season, but the following season he only appeared sporadically and eventually became the assistant trainer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16387386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Fleming (footballer, born 1869)\",\n \"text\": \"George Fleming (footballer, born 1869) George Fleming (born 20 May 1869 in Bannockburn, Scotland) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool F.C. in The Football League. Fleming started his career at East Stirlingshire F.C., before he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., where he made 187 appearances for the club from 1894 to 1901. Fleming was transferred to Liverpool in 1901, he made 26 appearances in his debut season, which decreased the following seasons. He made more appearances in the 1905–06 season, but the following season he only appeared sporadically and eventually became the assistant trainer at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16387385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center The Biomedical Sciences Research Center \\\"Alexander Fleming\\\" is a non-profit research organisation based in Vari, Athens, Greece. The Center is named after the scientist Alexander Fleming. Since the beginning of its operations in 1998, the Center develops basic as well as translational and applied research programs at the cutting edge of modern biomedical sciences. Currently the Center hosts 14 research groups distributed in 4 Institutes (Immunology, Molecular Oncology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cellular & Developmental Biology). Over the short period since its establishment, BSRC Al. Fleming has gained extensive visibility in the European science\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11825639\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center\",\n \"text\": \"disease (inflammation, cancer, metabolic syndrome, CNS disorders) Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center The Biomedical Sciences Research Center \\\"Alexander Fleming\\\" is a non-profit research organisation based in Vari, Athens, Greece. The Center is named after the scientist Alexander Fleming. Since the beginning of its operations in 1998, the Center develops basic as well as translational and applied research programs at the cutting edge of modern biomedical sciences. Currently the Center hosts 14 research groups distributed in 4 Institutes (Immunology, Molecular Oncology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cellular & Developmental Biology). Over the short period since its establishment, BSRC Al. Fleming has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11825643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Brady (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"survived by his wife (the former Florence Kelly, whom he married in 1958), two daughters (including author Susan Konig), four grandchildren and brother Monsignor Tom Brady who died March 28, 2013. James Brady (columnist) James Winston Brady (November 15, 1928 – January 26, 2009) was an American celebrity columnist who created the \\\"Page Six\\\" gossip column in the \\\"New York Post\\\" and \\\"W\\\" magazine; he wrote the \\\"In Step With\\\" column in \\\"Parade\\\" for nearly 25 years until his death. He wrote several books related to war, particularly the Korean War, in which he served as a United States Marine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12969316\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mike Connolly (columnist)\",\n \"text\": \"Mike Connolly (columnist) Michael John Connolly (July 19, 1913 – November 18, 1966) was an American magazine reporter and primarily a Hollywood columnist. A native of Chicago, Illinois, he attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where, in 1937 and 1938, he was the city editor of the \\\"Daily Illini\\\", the independent student-run newspaper. From 1951 to 1966, Connolly was a gossip columnist for \\\"The Hollywood Reporter\\\", a daily entertainment newspaper dealing with film and television productions, located in Los Angeles, California. The screenplay for the biographical film \\\"I'll Cry Tomorrow\\\" (1955) was based on the autobiography of the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7744783\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["louella rose oettinger","louella o. parsons","louella oettinger","louella parsons"],"string":"[\n \"louella rose oettinger\",\n \"louella o. parsons\",\n \"louella oettinger\",\n \"louella parsons\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":577,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in what year was the first performance of copland's ballet rodeo?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, which premiered in 1942. Subtitled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", the ballet consists of five sections: \"Buckaroo Holiday\", \"Corral Nocturne\", \"Ranch House Party,\" \"Saturday Night Waltz\", and \"Hoe-Down\". The symphonic version omits \"Ranch House Party\", leaving the other sections relatively intact. The original ballet was choreographed by Agnes de Mille for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, a dance company that moved to the United States during World War II. In order to compete with the rival company Ballet Theatre, the Ballet Russe commissioned","psg_id":"15356596"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, which premiered in 1942. Subtitled \\\"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\\\", the ballet consists of five sections: \\\"Buckaroo Holiday\\\", \\\"Corral Nocturne\\\", \\\"Ranch House Party,\\\" \\\"Saturday Night Waltz\\\", and \\\"Hoe-Down\\\". The symphonic version omits \\\"Ranch House Party\\\", leaving the other sections relatively intact. The original ballet was choreographed by Agnes de Mille for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, a dance company that moved to the United States during World War II. In order to compete with the rival company Ballet Theatre, the Ballet Russe commissioned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356596\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"de Mille out of a career of relative obscurity. The choreographer was given considerable creative control, choosing Aaron Copland as the composer after being impressed by his previous ballet, \"Billy the Kid\". Though Copland was initially reluctant to compose \"another Cowboy ballet,\" De Mille persuaded him that this show would mark a significant departure from his previous work. As de Mille found herself occupied with instructing a highly international cast in the mannerisms of American cowboys, Copland recommended that Oliver Smith design the sets, in what would prove to be a prescient action. De Mille herself played the lead, and","psg_id":"15356597"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"surrounding the composition of \"Rodeo\" led to its having a number of features that set it apart from other Copland compositions. Though many of Copland's works incorporate traditional American folk tunes, \"Rodeo\" is unique in that it leaves them quite intact in the score, with very little alteration on the part of the composer. This is likely attributable in part to De Mille's control over the work. Indeed, she had already blocked the entire show before Copland had written a single note and also transcribed several folk tunes, including \"Old Paint\", for Copland in addition to her blocking notes. The","psg_id":"15356601"},{"title":"Rodeo","text":"performance level permits pageantry and ritual which serve to \"revitalize the spirit of the Old West\" while its contest level poses a man-animal opposition that articulates the transformation of nature and \"dramatizes and perpetuates the conflict between the wild and the tame.\" \"On its deepest level, rodeo is essentially a ritual addressing itself to the dilemma of man's place in nature.\" Rodeo is a popular topic in country-western music, such as the 1991 Garth Brooks hit single \"Rodeo\", and has also been featured in numerous movies, television programs and in literature. \"Rodeo\" is a ballet score written by Aaron Copland","psg_id":"848775"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"composer's claim in \"Copland Since 1943\" that \"The European premiere was more successful than the New York reception,\" reviews about \"Connotations\" remained mainly negative; comments abounded about \"mere din\" and \"dodecaphonic deserts.\" When the London audience gave the work a lengthy ovation, Bernstein responded that he would conduct another Copland work as an encore. When cries of \"Oh, oh\" ensued, he added, \"But this will be in a different style.\" He then conducted \"Hoe-Down\" from the ballet \"Rodeo\". A release of the New York performance by Columbia Records fared no better. Robert Marsh found the music \"dreary\" and \"dull.\" Irving","psg_id":"5646438"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"the piece with a grand fanfare. In what is considered one of the earliest examples of a truly American ballet, \"Rodeo\" combines the exuberance of a Broadway musical with the disciplines of classical ballet. Of particular note, the first scene requires men to pantomime riding and roping while dancing solo and dancing in groups (not very common for male ballet dancers), and while interacting with an awkward Cowgirl, who seeks their acceptance. The cast dresses in stylized western garb, which makes it all the more difficult to execute many of the moves. Classical ballet storylines typically involve some boy-meets-girl relationship,","psg_id":"15356608"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"Retreat\", which will become a major theme of the section. After a reprisal of the \"Rodeo\" theme, the theme proper begins in the strings, as the horns play a simple counterpoint. Instead of building to a climax, this section segues into \"Miss McLeod's Reel\", performed by various solo instruments. Copland briefly introduces the Irish theme \"Gilderoy\" in the clarinet and oboe. Building toward the end, Copland reintroduces \"Bonaparte's Retreat\" in canon, before returning to the \"Rodeo\" theme, which slows into the climactic kiss between the Cowgirl and the Roper. \"Bonaparte's Retreat\" is then resumed by the full orchestra, which ends","psg_id":"15356607"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"wrote, \"Cornejo owns the role now\". Up to 1979, \"Rodeo\" was staged mainly by deMille and Vernon Lusby, for many years one of her most trusted assistants on numerous projects. When illness precluded his ability to continue setting Rodeo in 1981, deMille asked Paul Sutherland, a former principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre, Joffrey Ballet, and Harkness Ballet who had danced leading roles in several of her ballets, to begin staging Rodeo. With the passing of Agnes deMille in 1993, ownership and all rights to Rodeo passed to her son, Jonathan Prude. For the next several years, several people staged","psg_id":"15356613"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"easily by a mass audience. The ballet premiered in New York in 1939, with Copland recalling \"I cannot remember another work of mine that was so unanimously received.\" Along with the ballet \"Rodeo\", \"Billy the Kid\" became, in the words of musicologist Elizabeth Crist, \"the basis for Copland's reputation as a composer of Americana\" and defines \"an uncomplicated form of American nationalism.\" Copland's brand of nationalism in his ballets differed from that of European composers such as Béla Bartók, who tried to preserve the folk tones they used as close to the original as possible. Copland enhanced the tunes he","psg_id":"618144"},{"title":"Billy the Kid (ballet)","text":"\"The Open Prairie\" theme and pioneers once again travelling west. Cowboy and folk tunes were heavily used, for instance: It also includes the Mexican Jarabe dance, played in 5/8 by a solo trumpet, just before \"Goodbye Old Paint\". The eight movements of the ballet make up the first seven tracks of jazz guitarist Bill Frisell's album \"Have a Little Faith\". Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \"Rodeo\" and \"Appalachian Spring\", it is","psg_id":"6607075"},{"title":"Clarinet Concerto (Copland)","text":"Clarinet Concerto (Copland) Aaron Copland's Clarinet Concerto (also referred to as the \"Concerto for clarinet, strings and harp\") was written between 1947 and 1949, although a first version was available in 1948. The concerto was later choreographed by Jerome Robbins for the ballet \"Pied Piper\" (1951). Soon after Copland composed his Symphony No. 3, in 1947 jazz clarinetist Benny Goodman commissioned him to write a concerto for clarinet. Goodman told Copland biographer Vivian Perlis: I made no demands on what Copland should write. He had completely free rein, except that I should have a two-year exclusivity on playing the work.","psg_id":"8052015"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"reading a short biography with \"Hoe-Down\" playing in the background. The music was also famously used as the background theme for the \"Beef. It's What's For Dinner\" advertising campaign in the 1990s, and also in \"The Simpsons\" episode \"The Seemingly Never-Ending Story\". A close parody of it, titled \"In Training\" and adapted with the film's leitmotifs, was composed by James Horner for \".\" A further adaptation appears in Titanic during the below-decks Irish dancing scene. \"Hoe-Down\" accompanied one of the choreographed opening ceremony performances of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet","psg_id":"15356616"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"create a problem for the cowboys and make her the laughingstock of womankind. As noted above, finding suitable Cowgirls to play this role was a challenge. Lucia Chase recalls that when the Ballet Theater Company had exclusive rights to stage \"Rodeo\", Agnes DeMille urged the employment of \"charming and talented comediennes from the Broadway musical stage\" for the role. In the ballet world, DeMille's favorites for the role were: Dorothy Etheridge (Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo), Jenny Workman (The Ballet Theater Company), Carole Valleskey (Joffrey Ballet), Bonnie Wyckoff (Boston Ballet) and Christine Sarry (American Ballet Theatre). In the 1970s, Christine","psg_id":"15356611"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"sense, Copland's Populist works such as \"Billy the Kid\", \"Rodeo\", \"Appalachian Spring\" are not far removed from Stravinsky's ballet \"The Rite of Spring\". Within that framework, however, Copland preserved the American atmosphere of these ballets through what musicologist Elliott Antokoletz calls \"the conservative handling of open diatonic sonorities,\" which fosters \"a pastoral quality\" in the music. This is especially true in the opening of \"Appalachian Spring\", where the harmonizations remain \"transparent and bare, suggested by the melodic disposition of the Shaker tune.\" Variations which contrast to this tune in rhythm, key, texture and dynamics, fit within Copland's compositional practice of","psg_id":"618146"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"the ballet. In 1999, Prude set up the deMille Committee to oversee her numerous works and assigned sole responsibility for staging Rodeo to Sutherland, including the selection of dancers, rehearsals and stage production. With the exception of a few companies to whom Agnes deMille had, years before, given the ballet in perpetuity, Sutherland has staged Rodeo over fifty times for dozens of companies and universities throughout the United States and Canada as well as in Antwerp, Belgium, and continues to do so. For a point of comparison, it has been nearly 120 years since the premiere of \"The Nutcracker\", and","psg_id":"15356614"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"she finally dons a dress for dance night. Regarding this nuanced role, DeMille said: \"She acts like a boy, not to be a boy, but to be liked by the boys.\" The American Ballet Notes for its 1950 premiere performance (Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, Germany) state: Rodeo ... is a love story of the American Southwest. The problem it deals with is perennial: how an American girl, with the odds seemingly all against her, sets out to get herself a man. The girl in this case is a cowgirl, a tomboy whose desperate efforts to become one of the ranch's cowhands","psg_id":"15356610"},{"title":"Billy the Kid (ballet)","text":"Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \"Rodeo\" and \"Appalachian Spring\", it is one of Copland's most popular and widely performed pieces. It is most famous for its incorporation of several cowboy tunes and American folk songs and, although built around the figure and the exploits of Billy the Kid, is not so much a biography of a notorious but peculiarly appealing desperado as it is a perception of the \"Wild West\", in","psg_id":"6607072"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"fanfare, vamping until R5-6, where the woodwinds introduce the Cowgirl's theme. This quiet theme continues until the \"Rodeo\" theme begins presenting a highly rhythmic motif that evokes the trotting of horses. The lone Cowgirl seeks the affections of the Head Wrangler, who is rather taken with the more feminine Rancher's Daughter. The cowboys enter to the railroad tune of \"Sis Joe\", envisioned by de Mille as an event \"like thunder,\" which Copland obliges with heavy drums and brass. As the cowgirl seeks the attention of her quarry, she mimics the surrounding cowboys, reflected in the heavy use of the tune","psg_id":"15356603"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"such vernacular forms as a square dance and a cadenza for a tap dancer. Noted among many reviews was de Mille’s highly evocative choreography, described as \"film sensibility\" and renowned for its realism. The original production went on to lead a successful tour, though producers were hard pressed to replicate the skill with which de Mille had portrayed the lead. De Mille retained veto power over any casting of the ballet, which often sent companies to extremes in order to find a worthy Cowgirl. Meanwhile, Copland arranged the music as a symphonic suite for orchestra titled \"Four Dance Episodes from","psg_id":"15356599"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"more than 70 years since the premiere of \"Rodeo\". This increasing longevity, plus the anchoring of Copland’s score in American culture, suggests near-certain permanence for the ballet. A version of the \"Hoe-Down\" section was recorded by 1970s progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer, on its \"Trilogy\" album. François Couture of AllMusic said that they yielded a crowd-pleaser with their version of \"Hoedown\". An other version of the \"Hoe-Down\" section was also later recorded by folk rock and jazz group Béla Fleck and the Flecktones At Bob Dylan's performances during his \"Never-Ending Tour\", he is introduced by his stage manager","psg_id":"15356615"},{"title":"Dance Panels","text":"Dance Panels Dance Panels is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland in 1959 for a planned collaboration with choreographer Jerome Robbins. After Copland had written the score, Robbins reneged on his commitment and the performance did not take place. Three years later, Copland revised the score for a ballet by the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, Germany, where it premiered on 3 December 1963. The ballet was performed by the New York City Ballet in 1965 and the concert version received its first performance at the Ojai Music Festival the following year. According to Copland biographer Howard Pollack, \"Dance Panels\"","psg_id":"19676622"},{"title":"Symphony No. 3 (Copland)","text":"Symphony No. 3 (Copland) Symphony No. 3 was Aaron Copland's final symphony. It was written between 1944 and 1946, and its first performance took place on October 18, 1946, the Boston Symphony Orchestra performing under Serge Koussevitzky. If the early Dance Symphony is included in the count, it is actually Copland's fourth symphony. Written at the end of World War II, it is known as the essential American symphony that fuses his distinct \"Americana\" style of the ballets (\"Rodeo\", etc.) with the form of the symphony, which has generally been a European-dominated musical form. The \"Fanfare for the Common Man\",","psg_id":"4482700"},{"title":"Clarinet Concerto (Copland)","text":"by Copland to increase pressure on Goodman, since he kept on putting off the first performance. A recording of the first radio performance by Goodman, with the NBC Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Fritz Reiner is available on CD on the Legend music label (see below). The concerto quickly established itself as a standard piece in the clarinet repertoire. Since the performance by Benny Goodman, other notable performances include those by: However, one particular recording of note is the one with Goodman and conducted by Copland himself, which Aaron Copland considered to be his best recording ever. Copland incorporated","psg_id":"8052020"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"Connotations (Copland) Connotations is a classical music composition for symphony orchestra written by American composer Aaron Copland. Commissioned by Leonard Bernstein in 1962 to commemorate the opening of Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts) in New York City, United States, this piece marks a departure from Copland's populist period, which began with \"El Salón México\" in 1936 and includes the works he is most famous for such as \"Appalachian Spring\", \"Lincoln Portrait\" and \"Rodeo\". It represents a return to a more dissonant style of composition in which Copland wrote from the end of","psg_id":"5646410"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"well-known main theme of \"Hoe-Down\" is based on a unique version of the American folk song \"Bonyparte\" or \"Bonaparte's Retreat,\" played by Salyersville, Kentucky fiddler William Hamilton Stepp, which was recorded in 1937 by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress. A meticulous transcription by Ruth Crawford Seeger of that performance appeared in Lomax's 1941 book, \"Our Singing Country\". Many of the themes were autobiographical for De Mille. An extremely skilled dancer, the choreographer nonetheless felt awkward in the offstage world, and the Cowgirl's unwillingness to subscribe to traditional gender roles mirrors De Mille's experience. \"Rodeo\" opens with a grand","psg_id":"15356602"},{"title":"Heart of the North Rodeo","text":"run business was started and ran by the Bob Barnes, who has died in 2013. Each year Barnes’ stock participates in rodeos all over the United States. It is the longest running rodeo company in the United States. Bob Barnes was named Stock Contractor of the Year in 1984. He was inducted into the Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame in 1994. Every year Barnes stock performs at the highest level at professional rodeos across the country. Mutton Busting is the first step into the world of rodeo for the young rodeo enthusiasts. During this event, sheep are held still, mainly","psg_id":"18342774"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"scenario he created and called \"Zenatello\". From 1913 to 1917 he took piano lessons with Leopold Wolfsohn, who taught him the standard classical fare. Copland's first public music performance was at a Wanamaker's recital. By the age of 15, after attending a concert by composer-pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Copland decided to become a composer. After attempts to further his music study from a correspondence course, Copland took formal lessons in harmony, theory, and composition from Rubin Goldmark, a noted teacher and composer of American music (who had given George Gershwin three lessons). Goldmark, with whom Copland studied between 1917 and","psg_id":"618090"},{"title":"In the Beginning (Copland)","text":"In the Beginning (Copland) In the Beginning is a 1947 choral work by Aaron Copland to a text from the Book of Genesis chapter 1:1 to 2:7. The 15'-20' minute long work is for mixed four-part chorus a capella and soprano or mezzo-soprano solo. The work is evocative of the Hebrew \"davening\" and shows the influence of polytonality with references to jazz and blues. \"In the Beginning\" was composed for Harvard University's Symposium on Music Criticism in May 1947. The premiere was performed by the Collegiate Chorale at the Harvard Memorial Church, Cambridge on 2 May of that year, conducted","psg_id":"19878162"},{"title":"Heart of the North Rodeo","text":"also a band playing right after the rodeo in the concession area. On Sunday, there is the Cowboy church and breakfast, open to anyone, which is followed by the Spooner Rodeo Parade, right down Main Street. The Rodeo ties in many activities, which makes it one of the largest events to go on in Spooner, Wisconsin. Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo","psg_id":"18342782"},{"title":"Heart of the North Rodeo","text":"Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo is never the same. Fans from all over come to watch the professional cowboys and cowgirls compete in the 7 main events of rodeo, and even some up and coming little cowboys and cowgirls. The Barnes PRCA Rodeo Stock Company has brought the top stock to the Spooner Rodeo since it began in 1954. This family","psg_id":"18342773"},{"title":"History of ballet","text":"secondary role to an integral part of a ballet performance. She introduced the bias cut and a simplified classic tutu that allowed the dancer more freedom of movement. With meticulous attention to detail, she decorated her tutus with beadwork, embroidery, crochet and appliqué. George Balanchine is often considered to have been the first pioneer of what is now known as neoclassical ballet, a style of dance between classical ballet and today's contemporary ballet. Tim Scholl, author of \"From Petipa to Balanchine\", considers Balanchine's \"Apollo\" (1928) to be the first neoclassical ballet. It represented a return to form in response to","psg_id":"11547464"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"to use music from \"Connotations\", the \"Piano Variations\" and \"Piano Fantasy\" for a ballet, \"The Fall Hamlet (The Hamlet Affair).\" Staged by the American Ballet Theatre on January 6, 1976, the title role was danced by Mikhail Barishnikov, Ophelia by Gelsie Kirkland, Gertrude by Marcia Haydée and Claudius by Erik Bruhn. The ballet was received poorly, due to ineffective choreography. Critic Bob Micklin noted, however, that Copland's \"prickly, restless music\" reflected the ballet's story very well. Despite its initial reception, \"Connotations\" was listed in 1979 by \"Billboard\" magazine among Copland works that continued to be programmed by orchestras, with subsequent","psg_id":"5646456"},{"title":"Women in rodeo","text":"offered became economically impractical. Other women's organizations include the Professional Women's Rodeo Association (PWRA) which is opened to female rough stock riders only. A random sample of 1992 WPRA members found more than half had a relative in rodeo, and that most had husbands who were rodeo men. Almost all were in high school or high school graduates with one third having attained college educations. Women in rodeo Historically, women have long participated in the rodeo. Annie Oakley created the image of the cowgirl in the late 19th century, and, in 1908, a 10-year-old girl was dubbed the first cowgirl","psg_id":"13177485"},{"title":"History of rodeo","text":"National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association was formed and grew extremely quickly. The first College National Finals Rodeo (CNFR) was held the same year in San Francisco, California. By 1951, the association had 41 participating colleges. By 1955, it was estimated that there were over 600 rodeos in the country. The Miss Rodeo America pageant was organized with the first pageant held by International Rodeo Management in Casper, Wyoming. The first National Finals Rodeo was held in Dallas, Texas in 1959. The top 15 money-earners from the RCA in each event were invited to compete and winnings from the NFR were added","psg_id":"10021542"},{"title":"The Judas Tree (ballet)","text":"gang, and the culprit then hangs himself from the scaffolding. The programme notes recommend that this is not a ballet for children under the age of 12. The Judas Tree (ballet) The Judas Tree is a one-act ballet created by Kenneth MacMillan in 1992 for the Royal Ballet. The music is by Brian Elias. The first performance was on 19 March 1992, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. The only clue MacMillan gave in order to understand his intentions is a programme note quoting Kahlil Gibran's poem \"On Crime and Punishment\": ‘[A]s a single leaf turns not yellow but","psg_id":"18325397"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"composers with whom he could relate, he had been \"generous and enthusiastic\" in his support of Copland. His frequent programming of Copland's works during his tenure with the New York Philharmonic might, Adams suggests, have been partly in reaction against works of the twelve-tone school. Now he was confronted with what American composer John Adams terms a \"stridently dissonant, piss-n-vinegar\" work \"written in an idiom so alien to his own sensibilities,\" the first performance of which he would not only conduct but would also be televised to a national audience. Pollack claims Bernstein might have found \"Connotations \" \"boring\" and","psg_id":"5646441"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"Sarry emerged as DeMille's preferred interpreter of this complex role, DeMille even preferring Sarry's version to her own. Agnes DeMille stated in her will that only Sarry was authorized to approve of dancers who could take up the role of the Cowgirl. Since Agnes DeMille's death, Sarry has coached and approved numerous dancers in the part. In the 21st century, the list includes: Tina LeBlanc (San Francisco Ballet (2006), Kristin Long (San Francisco Ballet, 2007); Xiomara Reyes (American Ballet Theater, 2006); Marian Butler (American Ballet Theater, 2006); and Erica Cornejo (American Ballet Theater, 2005). Of Ms. Cornejo, critic Jerry Hochman","psg_id":"15356612"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"which the composer labeled his \"vernacular\" style. Works in this vein include the ballets \"Appalachian Spring\", \"Billy the Kid\" and \"Rodeo\", his \"Fanfare for the Common Man\" and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores. After some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark, Copland traveled to Paris, where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal, then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger. He studied three years with Boulanger, whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste. Determined upon","psg_id":"618083"},{"title":"Women in rodeo","text":"Women in rodeo Historically, women have long participated in the rodeo. Annie Oakley created the image of the cowgirl in the late 19th century, and, in 1908, a 10-year-old girl was dubbed the first cowgirl after demonstrating her roping skills at Madison Square Garden. Women were celebrated competitors in bronc and bull riding events in the early decades of the 20th century until a female bronc rider died in a 1929 rodeo. Her death fueled the growing opposition to female competitors in rodeo; their participation was severely curtailed thereafter. In the 19th century, women learned to rope and ride as","psg_id":"13177474"},{"title":"History of rodeo","text":"used in American English about 1834 to denote a \"round up\" of cattle. Early rodeo-like affairs of the 1820s and 1830s were informal events in the western United States and northern Mexico with cowboys and \"vaqueros\" testing their work skills against one another. Santa Fe, New Mexico lays claim to the first rodeo based on a letter dated 1847 written by Captain Mayne Reid from Santa Fe to a friend in Ireland:\"At this time of year, the cowmen have what is called the round-up, when the calves are branded and the fat beasts selected to be driven to a fair","psg_id":"10021547"},{"title":"Heart of the North Rodeo","text":"and rodeo supplies. The Rodeo Royalty can be found walking around the grounds after the rodeo to sign autographs and take pictures as well. There is also a chance for children under 56 inches to go into the arena for the Nickel Scramble, which is a race to collect nickels. Children get to keep these nickels and some even have special prizes on them. On the Thursday performance, there is the Exceptional Rodeo. This is where children with special needs get the chance to compete in some of the rodeo activities, which are brought down to their level. There is","psg_id":"18342781"},{"title":"Sweethearts of the Rodeo","text":"\"Buffalo Zone\" and 1992's \"Sisters\"), but neither produced any major hits, and Columbia dropped the duo in 1992. Sweethearts of the Rodeo continued to tour in the 1990s, later releasing two albums of bluegrass music on the Sugar Hill label: \"Rodeo Waltz\" in 1993 and \"Beautiful Lies\" in 1996. Janis and Kristine owned a clothing store in Franklin, Tennessee, called \"Gill & Arnold\" for a time in the late 1990s that has since closed. Janis and Vince Gill were divorced in 1997 and she married Roy Cummins in 2000. Sweethearts of the Rodeo Sweethearts of the Rodeo is an American","psg_id":"6704718"},{"title":"History of rodeo","text":"Cody (Buffalo Bill) created the first major rodeo and the first Wild West show in North Platte, Nebraska in 1882. Following this successful endeavor, Cody organized his touring Wild West show, leaving other entrepreneurs to create what became professional rodeo. Rodeos and Wild West shows enjoyed a parallel existence, employing many of the same stars, while capitalizing on the continuing allure of the mythic West. Women joined the Wild West and contest rodeo circuits in the 1890s and their participation grew as the activities spread geographically. Animal welfare groups began targeting rodeo from the earliest times, and have continued their","psg_id":"10021501"},{"title":"Dayton Ballet","text":"In May 1938, Jo and Hermene gathered together the school's finest dancers, named the troupe \"The Experimental Group for Young Dancers,\" and staged a performance at the Dayton Art Institute. This was the first performance of what is now the Dayton Ballet. Jo was a pioneer of the American regional ballet movement of the mid-20th century. Through years of persistence, she made Dayton a center of dance. In 1958, the company restructured as the Dayton Civic Ballet, with a board of directors, and federal tax-exempt status. In 1959, the Dayton Civic Ballet became a chartered member of the Northeast Regional","psg_id":"13463283"},{"title":"Copland College","text":"terms of the UAI the year 12 students receive. In 2006, Copland College was ranked the third highest ranking college in the ACT. This has had an effect on the students that have enrolled and are currently studying at the school. Copland College Copland College opened in 1978 at Copland Drive, Melba, Australian Capital Territory, Australia It is a supporter of the IB Diploma Program. In 2007, it was decided by the ACT Government to merge Copland College and Melba High School. Since 2009 the joint school has been called Melba Copland Secondary School. Merging - In 2008 Copland College","psg_id":"6665906"},{"title":"Rodeo (ballet)","text":"Rodeo\", which consisted chiefly of removing \"Ranch House Party\" and minor adjustments to the final two sections. With the middle section removed, the composition resembled the symphonic form with an ambitious opening movement, slow movement, minuet and finale. In this form, \"Rodeo\" found even greater success, premiering at the Boston Pops in 1943. 3 flutes, piccolo 2 oboes 1 english horns 2 Bb clarinets 1 bass clarinet 2 bassoons 4 horns 3 Bb trumpets 3 trombones 1 tuba timpani percussion (glockenspiel, xylophone, cymbals, triangle, wood block, whip/slapstick, bass drum, snare drum) 1 harp 1 celesta 1 piano strings The circumstances","psg_id":"15356600"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"tone rows as complete statements around which to structure his compositions. Copland used his rows not much different than how he fashioned the material in his tonal pieces. He saw his rows as sources for melodies and harmonies, not as complete and independent entities, except at points in the musical structure that dictated the complete statement of a row. Even after Copland started using 12-tone techniques, he did not stick to them exclusively but went back and forth between tonal and non-tonal compositions. Other late works include: \"Dance Panels\" (1959, ballet music), \"Something Wild\" (1961, his last film score, much","psg_id":"618153"},{"title":"The Judas Tree (ballet)","text":"The Judas Tree (ballet) The Judas Tree is a one-act ballet created by Kenneth MacMillan in 1992 for the Royal Ballet. The music is by Brian Elias. The first performance was on 19 March 1992, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. The only clue MacMillan gave in order to understand his intentions is a programme note quoting Kahlil Gibran's poem \"On Crime and Punishment\": ‘[A]s a single leaf turns not yellow but with the silent knowledge of the whole tree, so the wrongdoer cannot do wrong without the hidden will of you all’. According to the information at MacMillan's","psg_id":"18325393"},{"title":"Rodeo","text":"rodeo contest for bronc riders and steer ropers called the Raymond Stampede. Knight also coined the rodeo term \"stampede\" and built rodeo's first known shotgun style bucking chute. In 1903, Knight built Canada's first rodeo arena and grandstand and became the first rodeo producer and rodeo stock contractor. In 1912, Guy Weadick and several investors put up $100,000 to create what today is the Calgary Stampede. The Stampede also incorporated mythical and historical elements, including Native Indians in full regalia, chuckwagon races, the Mounted Police, and marching bands. From its beginning, the event has been held the second week in","psg_id":"848736"},{"title":"Marc Copland","text":"Marc Copland Marc Copland (born May 27, 1948, as Marc Cohen) is an American jazz pianist and composer. Copland became part of the jazz scene in Philadelphia in the early 1960s as a saxophonist, and later moved to New York City, where he experimented with electric alto saxophone. In the early 1970s, while pursuing his own harmonic concept, he grew dissatisfied with what he felt were inherent limitations in the saxophone and moved to the Baltimore-Washington D.C. area, where he remained for a decade to retrain as a jazz pianist. He returned to New York in the mid-1980s. Copland was","psg_id":"7056619"},{"title":"National Ballet of Canada","text":"year, in 1974, while on a tour in Canada, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected and requested political asylum in Toronto and joined the Royal Winnipeg Ballet. His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in a version of \"La Sylphide\". National Ballet of Canada One of the top international ballet companies, The National Ballet of Canada was founded in 1951 by Celia Franca. A company of 70 dancers with its own orchestra, the National Ballet has been led by Artistc Director Karen Kain, one of the greatest ballerinas of her generation,","psg_id":"3438815"},{"title":"Black Rodeo","text":"appearance of Muhammad Ali, who rides a horse on 125th Street (the main street in Harlem), trades friendly verbal jibes with the cowboys, straps on chaps and rides a bull. The rodeo events in the film are set to the music of Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Little Richard, Lee Dorsey, Sammy Turner, Little Eva and other R&B acts. The film was released by Cinerama Releasing in the spring of 1972. Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \"Black Rodeo\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York","psg_id":"13957448"},{"title":"Clarinet Concerto (Copland)","text":"August 29, 1950, Copland backed away from the commission. The composer explained that, after further thought, he believed that performing an arrangement of the first movement by itself \"takes away from the integrity of the Concerto as I originally conceived it, and I am basically unwilling to do that\". Copland was also concerned, he wrote, that a performance of the concerto's first movement by itself when the concerto still had not been performed—Goodman repeatedly postponed his premier of the piece—might be misperceived by the public as expressing doubt about the quality of the concerto's second movement. He proposed a different","psg_id":"8052018"},{"title":"Animal treatment in rodeo","text":"events that reads: The ASPCA is opposed to all rodeo events that involve cruel, painful, stressful and potentially harmful treatment of livestock, not only in performance but also in handling, transport and prodding to perform. The ASPCA recognizes the cruel treatment inflicted on many additional animals in the process of practicing to compete in rodeo events. Further, the ASPCA is opposed to children's rodeo events such as goat tying, calf riding and sheep riding (\"mutton busting\"), which do not promote humane care and respect for animals. The American Humane Association (AHA) used to campaign against rodeo through anti-rodeo literature but","psg_id":"13148525"},{"title":"Piano Variations (Copland)","text":"following year under conductor Robert Whitney. Copland regarded the \"lean, percussive and rather harmonically severe\" quality of the piano as essential to the Piano Variations in 1930, but after 27 years, reinvented the work to take advantage of a full orchestral palette. The Orchestral Variations offer a new perspective on the work, focusing instead on the contrasts of its multifarious moods and colors. The Orchestral Variations are scored for the following instrumentation. Copland regarded pianist Walter Gieseking very highly for his refined tone and subtle coloration, especially in the performance of Debussy, and insisted that no one else could give","psg_id":"8917259"},{"title":"Black Rodeo","text":"Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \"Black Rodeo\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York City. The documentary shows that the people who attended the rodeo were awed to find African-American men and women actively involved in skills such asbronc riding, calf roping and brahma bull riding. Actor Woody Strode attended the rodeo and appears in the film as its narrator. He imparts a number of stories that show the participation of blacks in the development of the American Old West. The film captures the","psg_id":"13957447"},{"title":"National Ballet of Canada","text":"refused similar invitations in Australia and South Africa and liked living in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, when she came to Canada in 1951 to attend a festival, the founders again asked her to consider the position. Franca accepted the job and became the first artistic director, while Volkoff was appointed as Resident Choreographer. Conductor George Crum acted as Musical Director. In August 1951 what was then The National Ballet Guild of Canada launched its first cross-country audition tour. By the end of the month, the ballet had chosen 29 dancers for the troupe and was rehearsing for their first performance","psg_id":"3438809"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"to write the ballet score \"Billy the Kid\", which became, in Pollack's words, an \"archetypical depiction of the legendary American West.\" Based on a Walter Noble Burns novel, with choreography by Eugene Loring, \"Billy\" was among the first to display an American music and dance vocabulary. Copland used six cowboy folk songs to provide period atmosphere and employed polyrhythm and polyharmony when not quoting these tunes literally to maintain the work's overall tone. In this way, Copland's music worked much in the same way as the murals of Thomas Hart Benton, in that it employed elements that could be grasped","psg_id":"618143"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"as a synthesizing quality.\" \"Connotations\" was the first orchestral work in which Copland used serial principles of composition. Serial or twelve-tone music, Copland stated, carried \"a built-in tenseness ... a certain drama ... a sense of strain or tension\" inherent in its extended use of chromaticism. \"These are new tensions,\" he continued, \"different from what I would have dreamt up if I had been thinking tonally.\" To composer John Adams, Copland's embrace of serial technique was not really such a stretch \"because ever since the 1920s, he'd already a piss-'n-vinegar penchant for sour intervals, like he did in the \"Piano","psg_id":"5646448"},{"title":"Roxi Copland","text":"\"Black Out the Blue\" EP (2010) \"Streetwise\" EP (2008) \"Love Me Out Loud\" (2017), Directed by Tony Bonacci Copland grew up in Aberdeen, Washington, where she began studying music at the age of four. Upon graduation from Aberdeen High School in 2001, she moved to Grinnell, Iowa to attend Grinnell College. Copland began her professional career in Des Moines, Iowa, where she was based from 2005-2011. After spending a year in Vancouver, Canada, Copland moved to Milwaukee in 2012 and Austin in 2018. Roxi Copland Roxi Copland is an American singer-songwriter and pianist based in Austin. She has toured extensively","psg_id":"19044397"},{"title":"Livermore Rodeo","text":"held the first time on a portion of a local ranch near the intersection of what is now Interstate 580 and Portola Avenue. The opening event was filmed by Universal Studios for a newsreel. Livermore Rodeo The Livermore Rodeo is a rodeo held annually in Livermore, California on the second full weekend of June at the rodeo grounds at Robertson Park. It is the oldest event in Livermore and part of the famous California 6-Pack Rodeo Circuit. Famous rodeo participants frequent the event and it is often used as a backdrop or exteriors site in films. It is always preceded","psg_id":"8999560"},{"title":"Agon (ballet)","text":"dances together constitute the second pas-de-trois . When \"Agon\" was performed in Italy in 1965 , Stravinsky was particularly pleased with the performance of mandolinist Giuseppe Anedda: Agon (ballet) Agon (1957) is a ballet for twelve dancers, with music by Igor Stravinsky and choreography by George Balanchine. Composition began in December 1953 but was interrupted the next year; work was resumed in 1956 and concluded on April 27, 1957; the music was first performed on June 17, 1957, in Los Angeles conducted by Robert Craft, while the first stage performance was given by the New York City Ballet on December","psg_id":"11219504"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"written in \"the grand manner,\" as Copland wrote about his Third Symphony. The other two works in this category were the \"Symphonic Ode\" and the Third Symphony. Copland also calls those works transitional pieces, anomalies which stand between different compositional styles of his oeuvre. All three works proved, as musicologist William W. Austin notes and Pollack states about the symphony, \"challenging to grasp.\" While music historian Judith Tick notes the work's \"massive chordal assaults on the ear,\" she adds that while Copland 's stated intent was to evoke the dissonance of modern life, he also acknowledges \"the darkness revealed in","psg_id":"5646427"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"and included it among the pieces the orchestra played on its European tour in February 1963. He would also commission a subsequent orchestral work from Copland, which became \"Inscape\", and conduct \"Connotations\" again in an all-Copland concert with the New York Philharmonic in 1989. Even with this advocacy and the chance to familiarize himself at length, \"Connotations\" apparently remained a work that Bernstein did not conduct well. Critic Peter Davis, in his review of the 1989 performance, writes that while \"Connotations\" remained \"admittedly not a very lovable piece,\" in Bernstein's hands it \"sounded more fulsome than portentous.\" Copland acknowledged that","psg_id":"5646443"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as \"the Dean of American Composers.\" The open, slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as \"populist\" and","psg_id":"618082"},{"title":"The Australian Ballet","text":"Ballet. The first performance by the Australian Ballet was Tchaikovsky's \"Swan Lake\", staged at Her Majesty's Theatre, Sydney on 2 November 1962. The principal dancers in the first season were Kathleen Gorham, Marilyn Jones and Garth Welch. Van Praagh also invited the Royal Ballet's Ray Powell to temporarily became the company's first ballet master, with Leon Kellaway (brother of Cecil Kellaway), a former dancer with the Covent Garden Russian Ballet, as the company's first ballet teacher. In later years Sir Robert Helpmann, Marilyn Jones and Maina Gielgud made major contributions as Artistic Directors of the Australian Ballet. In 1964 van","psg_id":"5254421"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"On a more positive note, Davis wrote after a performance of the work under Ehrling by The Juilliard Orchestra that while \"Connotations\" remains a \"spiky\" composition, Copland \"adopts Schoenberg's serial procedures to produce a sequence of typically pungent and exhilarating Coplandesque sonorities.\" Desmond Shawe-Taylor called the work \"beautifully put together: full of energy, variety, thought\" after he had heard Boulez conduct the piece. Michael Andrews wrote of Copland's \"mammoth, anxious and angry vision\" and Barlett Naylor of \"a majesty hidden in this dark piece\" after both had heard de Waart's performance. Along with Bernstein's two performances, Copland recorded \"Connotations\" with","psg_id":"5646458"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"his quest to take up the slogan of the Stieglitz group, \"Affirm America,\" Copland found only the music of Carl Ruggles and Charles Ives upon which to draw. Without what Copland called a \"usable past,\" he looked toward jazz and popular music, something he had already started to do while in Europe. In the 1920s, George Gershwin, Bessie Smith, and Louis Armstrong were in the forefront American popular music and jazz. By the end of the decade, Copland felt his music was going in a more abstract, less jazz-oriented direction. However, as large swing bands such as those of Benny","psg_id":"618101"},{"title":"Ballet of the Nuns","text":"left after six. It is possible that the erotic implications of the nuns' ballet did not set well with her. She may have been reluctant to appear in a ballet within an opera. A foot injury and the accidents that marred the first performance may have given the ballerina pause for thought. Bad press directed at her father may have caused Taglioni to withdraw. Taglioni was replaced by Louise Fitzjames, who danced the role 232 times. The Danish choreographer August Bournonville saw Fitzjames's performance as the Abbess in Paris in 1841. He based his own choreography, which was used in","psg_id":"18566205"},{"title":"Connotations (Copland)","text":"... an 'alienated' modernist stance.\" As the composer had been one of the first American composers to import the style from Europe—in the mid twenties—these critics may have overlooked the possibility that his \"populist period\" may have represented the more jarring deviation in his compositional style. It had also been some time since a Copland piece had been appreciated widely by audiences. His opera \"The Tender Land\" had not fared well, either in its original or revised forms. Choreographer Jerome Robbins never produced Copland's ballet \"Dance Panels\", despite the fact that he had commissioned it. None of his major orchestral","psg_id":"5646453"},{"title":"The Invitation (ballet)","text":"The Invitation (ballet) The Invitation is a one-act ballet with choreography and libretto by Kenneth MacMillan, created in 1960 for the Royal Ballet. The music, composed for the work, is by Mátyás Seiber. Featuring Lynn Seymour as The Girl and Desmond Doyle as The Husband, seduction and rape are at the heart of this piece which generated controversy at the time; particularly the scene of the rape. Lynn Seymour contributed greatly to the success of the performance. \"If the \"Invitation\" is MacMillan's ballet, it is also Miss Seymour's\" was written in \"The Times\". The first performance was on 10 November","psg_id":"18328294"},{"title":"Italian ballet","text":"which was put together by his students. Ballet, if not the first, produced and shown was Baldassare de Belgiojoso's balletto comico, also known as Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx's Ballet Comique de la Reine (1581) and was a ballet comique (ballet drama). In the same year, the publication of Fabritio Caroso's \"Il Ballarino\", a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to establish Italy as a centre of technical ballet development. At first, ballets were woven in to the midst of an opera to allow the audience a moment of relief from the dramatic intensity. By the mid-seventeenth century,","psg_id":"13980776"},{"title":"History of ballet","text":"celebrate the marriage of Henry's favorite the Duke de Joyeuse to Marguerite de Lorraine, the sister of Queen Louise. The ballet lasted for more than five hours and was danced by twenty four dancers: twelve naiades and twelve pages. In the same year, the publication of Fabritio Caroso's \"Il Ballarino\", a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to establish Italy as a centre of technical ballet development. Ballet developed as a performance-focused art form in France during the reign of Louis XIV, who was passionate about dance. Pierre Beauchamp, the man who codified the five basic","psg_id":"11547437"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"also met with proponents of twelve-tone technique, based on the works of Arnold Schoenberg, and found himself interested in adapting serial methods to his own musical voice. In 1950, Copland received a U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission scholarship to study in Rome, which he did the following year. Around this time, he also composed his Piano Quartet, adopting Schoenberg's twelve-tone method of composition, and \"Old American Songs\" (1950), the first set of which was premiered by Peter Pears and Benjamin Britten, the second by William Warfield. During the 1951–52 academic year, Copland gave a series of lectures under the Charles Eliot Norton","psg_id":"618114"},{"title":"Aaron Copland","text":"used with contemporary rhythms, textures and structures. In what could seem contradictory, he used complex harmonies and rhythms to simplify folk melodies and make them more accessible and familiar to his listeners. Except for the Shaker tune in \"Appalachian Spring\", Copland often syncopates traditional melodies, changes their metric patterns and note values. In \"Billy the Kid\", he derives many of the work's sparse harmonies from the implied harmonic constructions of the cowboy tunes themselves. Like Stravinsky, Copland mastered the ability to create a coherent, integrated composition from what was essentially a mosaic of divergent folk-based and original elements. In that","psg_id":"618145"},{"title":"In the Beginning (Copland)","text":"by Robert Shaw. In the Beginning (Copland) In the Beginning is a 1947 choral work by Aaron Copland to a text from the Book of Genesis chapter 1:1 to 2:7. The 15'-20' minute long work is for mixed four-part chorus a capella and soprano or mezzo-soprano solo. The work is evocative of the Hebrew \"davening\" and shows the influence of polytonality with references to jazz and blues. \"In the Beginning\" was composed for Harvard University's Symposium on Music Criticism in May 1947. The premiere was performed by the Collegiate Chorale at the Harvard Memorial Church, Cambridge on 2 May of","psg_id":"19878163"},{"title":"Ballet of the Nuns","text":"women cast off their nuns' costume, they shake off the cold powder of the grave; suddenly they throw themselves into the delights of their past life; they dance like bacchantes, they play like lords, they drink like sappers. What a pleasure to see these light women. \"Nuns\" was the first \"ballet blanc\" and the first romantic ballet. The opera was performed 756 times between 1831 and 1893 at the Paris Opéra. French Impressionist painter Edgar Degas painted the ballet scene several times between 1871 and 1876. Under her contract, Taglioni was to appear in \"Nuns\" about a dozen times. She","psg_id":"18566204"},{"title":"Boston Ballet","text":"\"Don Quixote\" on Broadway with Rudolf Nureyev as special guest artist, after touring the United States, Mexico, France, and Italy. Boston Ballet collaborated with choreographer Mark Morris for the first time in 1986, performing his \"Mort Subite\" at the PepsiCo Festival in Purchase, New York. The following year Boston Ballet was the first ballet company to perform at the BESSIE Dance and Performance award ceremony at New York City Center. Boston Ballet was the first major dance company to commission works from contemporary choreographers Mark Morris, Susan Marshall, Ralph Lemon, Elisa Monte, and Helen Pickett. In May 1990, Natalia Dudinskaya","psg_id":"5831546"},{"title":"Rodeo Drive","text":"de las Aguas, with plans for a mixed-use subdivision with a branch of the Los Angeles and Pacific Railway running North on Rodeo Drive before turning west at Sunset Boulevard. They platted the street that very year, in 1906. By 1907, 75x160 foot parcels on Rodeo were selling for $1,100 each. It became a bridle path in 1912, when the Beverly Hills Hotel was built on a former lima bean field. By November 1925, similar lots were selling for between $15,000 and $30,000, almost double what they'd been selling for in September. The central part of Rodeo eventually became a","psg_id":"4309395"},{"title":"Air Mobility Rodeo","text":"performed at Rodeo, filming a two-hour program for his 84th birthday. President Ronald Reagan and Secretary of the Air Force Edward Aldridge Jr. were also on hand for Bob Hope’s performance. No Rodeo was held in 1988 because of budget constraints. However, the Rodeo returned in 1989. This Rodeo was the first to showcase the airdrop capability of the C-5 Galaxy. The C-5 set a world record by dropping four M551 Sheridan light tanks and 73 paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division totaling 190,346 pounds. No competition was held from 2001–2004 because of the increased operations tempo as a result","psg_id":"10588108"},{"title":"History of rodeo","text":"laid still while just a few plodded along. First place went to the owner of turtle Goober Dust taking home $7,100. Second place took home $1,250. These turtles, however, were not attributed to the Cowboy Turtles Association (CTA) which was started several years later in 1936. In 1934, the World Series Rodeo arrived in Madison Square Garden. The rodeo offered $40,000 in prizes. The World Series Rodeo promoter, Colonel William T. Johnson, had lost $40,000 promoting a Wild West Show in Texas six years prior and decided to promote his money back. He put on 5 rodeos a year and","psg_id":"10021536"},{"title":"Aaron Copland House","text":"Other previous winners include Pierre Jalbert, Richard Danielpour, Robert Xavier Rodriguez, Robert Paterson, Judith Lang Zaimont, Andrew Norman, Derek Bermel, Du Yun, Henry Threadgill, Alvin Singleton, Dave Douglas, Christopher Theofanidis, and Hannah Lash. In 1999, Copland House initiated its resident chamber ensemble Music From Copland House (MCH), the U.S.'s only wide-ranging American repertory ensemble, which made its debut at the Opening Night of Merkin Concert Hall’s 1999-2000 season. In September 2009, \"Copland House at Merestead\", the organization's regular mainstage concert series, was established at the historic Merestead Estate in Mount Kisco, New York. The Rock Hill property is on the","psg_id":"15177989"},{"title":"Polish National Ballet","text":"Polish National Ballet The Polish National Ballet (PNB) is the largest and the most important ballet company in Poland. It continues a national ballet heritage, which dates to the 17th century. Modernly it was known until 2009 as the ballet of the Teatr Wielki - Polish National Opera. In that year the ballet received artistic autonomy reflected in the theatre's by-laws and was elevated to the rank of Polish National Ballet. Since then, its director is Polish choreographer Krzysztof Pastor. In 1628 a traveling Italian opera troupe created the first ballet performance in Poland. Ballet scenes were then often incorporated","psg_id":"14933108"},{"title":"Mary Walker (rodeo)","text":"the requirement was 15. Walker entered another NFR this year. She had $112,216 in her regular season earnings. She was third in the World Standings. She has combined earnings of $300,000 for her past four NFR appearances, not counting what she will win at this year's NFR. For the first time, she brought a backup horse, nicknamed Bojangles. along with Latte. Other winnings included the Lewiston Roundup in Idaho, Montana's Biggest Weekend, Northwest Montana Fair & Rodeo, Canyonlands Rodeo in Utah, Spanish Fork, Utah, 56th Belt in Montana, Maah Daah Hey Stampede in North Dakota, and La Fiesta de los","psg_id":"20745250"},{"title":"San Francisco Ballet","text":"the broad success of productions such as 1977's \"Romeo and Juliet\", which aired on the PBS series \"Great Performances: Dance in America\" in 1978. This televised performance marked the first time that a West Coast ballet company, and a full-length ballet, was shown on the PBS TV series. PBS televised three more of Smuin's SF Ballet productions, and his productions of \"The Tempest\" and \"A Song for Dead Warriors\" went on to win Emmy Awards. Smuin led the company until 1985. Helgi Tomasson's 1985 arrival as artistic director marked the beginning of a new era for San Francisco Ballet. Under","psg_id":"6045918"},{"title":"Milwaukee Ballet","text":"Milwaukee Ballet The Milwaukee Ballet is a professional ballet company founded by Roberta Boorse of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is located in Milwaukee, and is currently run by Michael Pink, the artistic director. The Milwaukee Ballet was founded in 1969, and held its first performance on April 24, 1970 at the School of Fine Arts at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Less than a year later the company began performing in Uihlein Hall at the Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, where it still performs today. In 1975 the Milwaukee Ballet opened an affiliated school, the Milwaukee Ballet School. Today","psg_id":"5879354"},{"title":"Tom Sawyer: A Ballet in Three Acts","text":"(the Aaron Copland masterpieces, or Balanchine’s ballet “On Your Toes”) were even as much as an hour in length, let alone three-acts. He came up with the idea of Twain’s “Tom Sawyer” as a possible appropriate subject for a full length form. The book \"seemed a natural fit principally because its form, like ballet, is episodic”, he said, citing \"The Painting of the Fence\" scene, \"Lost With Becky Thatcher in The Cave,\" \"Witnessing the Murder in the Graveyard,\" as examples. Upon hearing the score William Whitener, Artistic Director of Kansas City Ballet, agreed to choreograph and mount the production, saying","psg_id":"19346091"},{"title":"The Royal Ballet","text":"dancer, choreographer and director. His first choreography for the Royal Ballet, was \"Fleur de Peux\", a solo work created in 2000 on Viviana Durante. This led to further commissions by the Royal Ballet, including \"Symbiont(s)\" in 2001, \"Qualia\" in 2003 and \"Engram\" in 2005. He also created the ballet \"brainstate\" in 2001, as a collaboration between the Royal Ballet and his own company, Random Dance. McGregor was appointed Resident Choreographer of the Royal Ballet in 2006, the first person to hold the post in sixteen years, and the first to be selected from the world of contemporary dance. McGregor's works","psg_id":"4370009"},{"title":"The Royal Ballet","text":"for the Royal Ballet include: First performing together with the Royal Ballet in Giselle on 21 February 1962, Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev would form what has been called the greatest ballet partnership of all time. The partnership would lead to both dancers being noted amongst the most famous ballet dancers of all time and came at the peak of what is now widely regarded as the most successful period in the Royal Ballet's history. On 12 March 1963, the couple premiered Sir Frederick Ashton's \"Marguerite and Armand\", the first ballet created for them and one that become their signature","psg_id":"4370010"},{"title":"Symphony in C (ballet)","text":"the four movements were originally associated with and designed using the colors four gemstones, three of which Balanchine subsequently retained for the three movements of his 1967 ballet \"Jewels\": Emeralds, Rubies and Diamonds. Even before the ballet was renamed \"Symphony in C\", he had eliminated the color scheme and changed to the white costumes still used. The NYCB premiere took place as the final piece on the first performance, October 11, 1948, of the newly renamed City Ballet at the City Center of Music and Drama with costumes by Karinska. Jerome Robbins was in the audience at that performance and","psg_id":"11256551"},{"title":"Copland (operating system)","text":"such as object orientation, crash-proofing, and multitasking. The project was Apple's trigger to cofound several industry-wide standards and consortiums for next-generation operating system development, such as OpenDoc and Taligent. Copland reached Developer Release beta testing status before its cancellation in August 1996. Instead, Apple released a much more legacy-oriented Mac OS 8 in 1997, followed by Mac OS 9's architectural improvements in 1999, and then Mac OS X became Apple's next-generation operating system release in 2001. All of these releases bear some functional or cosmetic influence from Copland. As a product of dysfunctional corporate personnel and project management, Copland is","psg_id":"2824587"},{"title":"Douglas Copland","text":"Douglas Copland Sir Douglas Berry Copland (24 February 189427 September 1971) was an Australian academic and economist. Douglas Copland was born in Otago, New Zealand in 1894, the thirteenth of sixteen children. He was raised there and lived there till he was 21. In 1920, at the age of 26, he became Professor of Economics at the University of Tasmania. In 1924 Copland was appointed the Professor of Commerce (a post he held until 1944) and first Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Commerce at the University of Melbourne. He was also the Truby Williams Professor of Economics at","psg_id":"13948614"},{"title":"Sweetheart of the Rodeo","text":"500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and \"Stylus Magazine\" named it their 175th favorite album of all time in the same year. \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" went on to inspire the name of the 1980s country duo, Sweethearts of the Rodeo, who paid tribute to the Byrds' album with the sleeve of their 1990 album, \"Buffalo Zone\". In 2018, Roger McGuinn and Chris Hillman reunited for a U.S. tour celebrating the 50th anniversary of \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\". The duo, who were backed on the tour by Marty Stuart and his Fabulous Superlatives, performed all of the songs from the","psg_id":"1604640"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"de Mille out of a career of relative obscurity. The choreographer was given considerable creative control, choosing Aaron Copland as the composer after being impressed by his previous ballet, \\\"Billy the Kid\\\". Though Copland was initially reluctant to compose \\\"another Cowboy ballet,\\\" De Mille persuaded him that this show would mark a significant departure from his previous work. As de Mille found herself occupied with instructing a highly international cast in the mannerisms of American cowboys, Copland recommended that Oliver Smith design the sets, in what would prove to be a prescient action. De Mille herself played the lead, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356597\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"surrounding the composition of \\\"Rodeo\\\" led to its having a number of features that set it apart from other Copland compositions. Though many of Copland's works incorporate traditional American folk tunes, \\\"Rodeo\\\" is unique in that it leaves them quite intact in the score, with very little alteration on the part of the composer. This is likely attributable in part to De Mille's control over the work. Indeed, she had already blocked the entire show before Copland had written a single note and also transcribed several folk tunes, including \\\"Old Paint\\\", for Copland in addition to her blocking notes. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"performance level permits pageantry and ritual which serve to \\\"revitalize the spirit of the Old West\\\" while its contest level poses a man-animal opposition that articulates the transformation of nature and \\\"dramatizes and perpetuates the conflict between the wild and the tame.\\\" \\\"On its deepest level, rodeo is essentially a ritual addressing itself to the dilemma of man's place in nature.\\\" Rodeo is a popular topic in country-western music, such as the 1991 Garth Brooks hit single \\\"Rodeo\\\", and has also been featured in numerous movies, television programs and in literature. \\\"Rodeo\\\" is a ballet score written by Aaron Copland\",\n \"psg_id\": \"848775\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"composer's claim in \\\"Copland Since 1943\\\" that \\\"The European premiere was more successful than the New York reception,\\\" reviews about \\\"Connotations\\\" remained mainly negative; comments abounded about \\\"mere din\\\" and \\\"dodecaphonic deserts.\\\" When the London audience gave the work a lengthy ovation, Bernstein responded that he would conduct another Copland work as an encore. When cries of \\\"Oh, oh\\\" ensued, he added, \\\"But this will be in a different style.\\\" He then conducted \\\"Hoe-Down\\\" from the ballet \\\"Rodeo\\\". A release of the New York performance by Columbia Records fared no better. Robert Marsh found the music \\\"dreary\\\" and \\\"dull.\\\" Irving\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646438\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"the piece with a grand fanfare. In what is considered one of the earliest examples of a truly American ballet, \\\"Rodeo\\\" combines the exuberance of a Broadway musical with the disciplines of classical ballet. Of particular note, the first scene requires men to pantomime riding and roping while dancing solo and dancing in groups (not very common for male ballet dancers), and while interacting with an awkward Cowgirl, who seeks their acceptance. The cast dresses in stylized western garb, which makes it all the more difficult to execute many of the moves. Classical ballet storylines typically involve some boy-meets-girl relationship,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356608\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"Retreat\\\", which will become a major theme of the section. After a reprisal of the \\\"Rodeo\\\" theme, the theme proper begins in the strings, as the horns play a simple counterpoint. Instead of building to a climax, this section segues into \\\"Miss McLeod's Reel\\\", performed by various solo instruments. Copland briefly introduces the Irish theme \\\"Gilderoy\\\" in the clarinet and oboe. Building toward the end, Copland reintroduces \\\"Bonaparte's Retreat\\\" in canon, before returning to the \\\"Rodeo\\\" theme, which slows into the climactic kiss between the Cowgirl and the Roper. \\\"Bonaparte's Retreat\\\" is then resumed by the full orchestra, which ends\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356607\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"wrote, \\\"Cornejo owns the role now\\\". Up to 1979, \\\"Rodeo\\\" was staged mainly by deMille and Vernon Lusby, for many years one of her most trusted assistants on numerous projects. When illness precluded his ability to continue setting Rodeo in 1981, deMille asked Paul Sutherland, a former principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre, Joffrey Ballet, and Harkness Ballet who had danced leading roles in several of her ballets, to begin staging Rodeo. With the passing of Agnes deMille in 1993, ownership and all rights to Rodeo passed to her son, Jonathan Prude. For the next several years, several people staged\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"easily by a mass audience. The ballet premiered in New York in 1939, with Copland recalling \\\"I cannot remember another work of mine that was so unanimously received.\\\" Along with the ballet \\\"Rodeo\\\", \\\"Billy the Kid\\\" became, in the words of musicologist Elizabeth Crist, \\\"the basis for Copland's reputation as a composer of Americana\\\" and defines \\\"an uncomplicated form of American nationalism.\\\" Copland's brand of nationalism in his ballets differed from that of European composers such as Béla Bartók, who tried to preserve the folk tones they used as close to the original as possible. Copland enhanced the tunes he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618144\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Billy the Kid (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Open Prairie\\\" theme and pioneers once again travelling west. Cowboy and folk tunes were heavily used, for instance: It also includes the Mexican Jarabe dance, played in 5/8 by a solo trumpet, just before \\\"Goodbye Old Paint\\\". The eight movements of the ballet make up the first seven tracks of jazz guitarist Bill Frisell's album \\\"Have a Little Faith\\\". Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \\\"Rodeo\\\" and \\\"Appalachian Spring\\\", it is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6607075\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clarinet Concerto (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"Clarinet Concerto (Copland) Aaron Copland's Clarinet Concerto (also referred to as the \\\"Concerto for clarinet, strings and harp\\\") was written between 1947 and 1949, although a first version was available in 1948. The concerto was later choreographed by Jerome Robbins for the ballet \\\"Pied Piper\\\" (1951). Soon after Copland composed his Symphony No. 3, in 1947 jazz clarinetist Benny Goodman commissioned him to write a concerto for clarinet. Goodman told Copland biographer Vivian Perlis: I made no demands on what Copland should write. He had completely free rein, except that I should have a two-year exclusivity on playing the work.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8052015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"reading a short biography with \\\"Hoe-Down\\\" playing in the background. The music was also famously used as the background theme for the \\\"Beef. It's What's For Dinner\\\" advertising campaign in the 1990s, and also in \\\"The Simpsons\\\" episode \\\"The Seemingly Never-Ending Story\\\". A close parody of it, titled \\\"In Training\\\" and adapted with the film's leitmotifs, was composed by James Horner for \\\".\\\" A further adaptation appears in Titanic during the below-decks Irish dancing scene. \\\"Hoe-Down\\\" accompanied one of the choreographed opening ceremony performances of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"create a problem for the cowboys and make her the laughingstock of womankind. As noted above, finding suitable Cowgirls to play this role was a challenge. Lucia Chase recalls that when the Ballet Theater Company had exclusive rights to stage \\\"Rodeo\\\", Agnes DeMille urged the employment of \\\"charming and talented comediennes from the Broadway musical stage\\\" for the role. In the ballet world, DeMille's favorites for the role were: Dorothy Etheridge (Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo), Jenny Workman (The Ballet Theater Company), Carole Valleskey (Joffrey Ballet), Bonnie Wyckoff (Boston Ballet) and Christine Sarry (American Ballet Theatre). In the 1970s, Christine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"sense, Copland's Populist works such as \\\"Billy the Kid\\\", \\\"Rodeo\\\", \\\"Appalachian Spring\\\" are not far removed from Stravinsky's ballet \\\"The Rite of Spring\\\". Within that framework, however, Copland preserved the American atmosphere of these ballets through what musicologist Elliott Antokoletz calls \\\"the conservative handling of open diatonic sonorities,\\\" which fosters \\\"a pastoral quality\\\" in the music. This is especially true in the opening of \\\"Appalachian Spring\\\", where the harmonizations remain \\\"transparent and bare, suggested by the melodic disposition of the Shaker tune.\\\" Variations which contrast to this tune in rhythm, key, texture and dynamics, fit within Copland's compositional practice of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"the ballet. In 1999, Prude set up the deMille Committee to oversee her numerous works and assigned sole responsibility for staging Rodeo to Sutherland, including the selection of dancers, rehearsals and stage production. With the exception of a few companies to whom Agnes deMille had, years before, given the ballet in perpetuity, Sutherland has staged Rodeo over fifty times for dozens of companies and universities throughout the United States and Canada as well as in Antwerp, Belgium, and continues to do so. For a point of comparison, it has been nearly 120 years since the premiere of \\\"The Nutcracker\\\", and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"she finally dons a dress for dance night. Regarding this nuanced role, DeMille said: \\\"She acts like a boy, not to be a boy, but to be liked by the boys.\\\" The American Ballet Notes for its 1950 premiere performance (Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, Germany) state: Rodeo ... is a love story of the American Southwest. The problem it deals with is perennial: how an American girl, with the odds seemingly all against her, sets out to get herself a man. The girl in this case is a cowgirl, a tomboy whose desperate efforts to become one of the ranch's cowhands\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356610\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Billy the Kid (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \\\"Rodeo\\\" and \\\"Appalachian Spring\\\", it is one of Copland's most popular and widely performed pieces. It is most famous for its incorporation of several cowboy tunes and American folk songs and, although built around the figure and the exploits of Billy the Kid, is not so much a biography of a notorious but peculiarly appealing desperado as it is a perception of the \\\"Wild West\\\", in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6607072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"fanfare, vamping until R5-6, where the woodwinds introduce the Cowgirl's theme. This quiet theme continues until the \\\"Rodeo\\\" theme begins presenting a highly rhythmic motif that evokes the trotting of horses. The lone Cowgirl seeks the affections of the Head Wrangler, who is rather taken with the more feminine Rancher's Daughter. The cowboys enter to the railroad tune of \\\"Sis Joe\\\", envisioned by de Mille as an event \\\"like thunder,\\\" which Copland obliges with heavy drums and brass. As the cowgirl seeks the attention of her quarry, she mimics the surrounding cowboys, reflected in the heavy use of the tune\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356603\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"such vernacular forms as a square dance and a cadenza for a tap dancer. Noted among many reviews was de Mille’s highly evocative choreography, described as \\\"film sensibility\\\" and renowned for its realism. The original production went on to lead a successful tour, though producers were hard pressed to replicate the skill with which de Mille had portrayed the lead. De Mille retained veto power over any casting of the ballet, which often sent companies to extremes in order to find a worthy Cowgirl. Meanwhile, Copland arranged the music as a symphonic suite for orchestra titled \\\"Four Dance Episodes from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356599\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"more than 70 years since the premiere of \\\"Rodeo\\\". This increasing longevity, plus the anchoring of Copland’s score in American culture, suggests near-certain permanence for the ballet. A version of the \\\"Hoe-Down\\\" section was recorded by 1970s progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer, on its \\\"Trilogy\\\" album. François Couture of AllMusic said that they yielded a crowd-pleaser with their version of \\\"Hoedown\\\". An other version of the \\\"Hoe-Down\\\" section was also later recorded by folk rock and jazz group Béla Fleck and the Flecktones At Bob Dylan's performances during his \\\"Never-Ending Tour\\\", he is introduced by his stage manager\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356615\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dance Panels\",\n \"text\": \"Dance Panels Dance Panels is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland in 1959 for a planned collaboration with choreographer Jerome Robbins. After Copland had written the score, Robbins reneged on his commitment and the performance did not take place. Three years later, Copland revised the score for a ballet by the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, Germany, where it premiered on 3 December 1963. The ballet was performed by the New York City Ballet in 1965 and the concert version received its first performance at the Ojai Music Festival the following year. According to Copland biographer Howard Pollack, \\\"Dance Panels\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19676622\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Symphony No. 3 (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"Symphony No. 3 (Copland) Symphony No. 3 was Aaron Copland's final symphony. It was written between 1944 and 1946, and its first performance took place on October 18, 1946, the Boston Symphony Orchestra performing under Serge Koussevitzky. If the early Dance Symphony is included in the count, it is actually Copland's fourth symphony. Written at the end of World War II, it is known as the essential American symphony that fuses his distinct \\\"Americana\\\" style of the ballets (\\\"Rodeo\\\", etc.) with the form of the symphony, which has generally been a European-dominated musical form. The \\\"Fanfare for the Common Man\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4482700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clarinet Concerto (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"by Copland to increase pressure on Goodman, since he kept on putting off the first performance. A recording of the first radio performance by Goodman, with the NBC Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Fritz Reiner is available on CD on the Legend music label (see below). The concerto quickly established itself as a standard piece in the clarinet repertoire. Since the performance by Benny Goodman, other notable performances include those by: However, one particular recording of note is the one with Goodman and conducted by Copland himself, which Aaron Copland considered to be his best recording ever. Copland incorporated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8052020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"Connotations (Copland) Connotations is a classical music composition for symphony orchestra written by American composer Aaron Copland. Commissioned by Leonard Bernstein in 1962 to commemorate the opening of Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts) in New York City, United States, this piece marks a departure from Copland's populist period, which began with \\\"El Salón México\\\" in 1936 and includes the works he is most famous for such as \\\"Appalachian Spring\\\", \\\"Lincoln Portrait\\\" and \\\"Rodeo\\\". It represents a return to a more dissonant style of composition in which Copland wrote from the end of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646410\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"well-known main theme of \\\"Hoe-Down\\\" is based on a unique version of the American folk song \\\"Bonyparte\\\" or \\\"Bonaparte's Retreat,\\\" played by Salyersville, Kentucky fiddler William Hamilton Stepp, which was recorded in 1937 by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress. A meticulous transcription by Ruth Crawford Seeger of that performance appeared in Lomax's 1941 book, \\\"Our Singing Country\\\". Many of the themes were autobiographical for De Mille. An extremely skilled dancer, the choreographer nonetheless felt awkward in the offstage world, and the Cowgirl's unwillingness to subscribe to traditional gender roles mirrors De Mille's experience. \\\"Rodeo\\\" opens with a grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heart of the North Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"run business was started and ran by the Bob Barnes, who has died in 2013. Each year Barnes’ stock participates in rodeos all over the United States. It is the longest running rodeo company in the United States. Bob Barnes was named Stock Contractor of the Year in 1984. He was inducted into the Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame in 1994. Every year Barnes stock performs at the highest level at professional rodeos across the country. Mutton Busting is the first step into the world of rodeo for the young rodeo enthusiasts. During this event, sheep are held still, mainly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18342774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"scenario he created and called \\\"Zenatello\\\". From 1913 to 1917 he took piano lessons with Leopold Wolfsohn, who taught him the standard classical fare. Copland's first public music performance was at a Wanamaker's recital. By the age of 15, after attending a concert by composer-pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Copland decided to become a composer. After attempts to further his music study from a correspondence course, Copland took formal lessons in harmony, theory, and composition from Rubin Goldmark, a noted teacher and composer of American music (who had given George Gershwin three lessons). Goldmark, with whom Copland studied between 1917 and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618090\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Beginning (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"In the Beginning (Copland) In the Beginning is a 1947 choral work by Aaron Copland to a text from the Book of Genesis chapter 1:1 to 2:7. The 15'-20' minute long work is for mixed four-part chorus a capella and soprano or mezzo-soprano solo. The work is evocative of the Hebrew \\\"davening\\\" and shows the influence of polytonality with references to jazz and blues. \\\"In the Beginning\\\" was composed for Harvard University's Symposium on Music Criticism in May 1947. The premiere was performed by the Collegiate Chorale at the Harvard Memorial Church, Cambridge on 2 May of that year, conducted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19878162\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heart of the North Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"also a band playing right after the rodeo in the concession area. On Sunday, there is the Cowboy church and breakfast, open to anyone, which is followed by the Spooner Rodeo Parade, right down Main Street. The Rodeo ties in many activities, which makes it one of the largest events to go on in Spooner, Wisconsin. Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18342782\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heart of the North Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo is never the same. Fans from all over come to watch the professional cowboys and cowgirls compete in the 7 main events of rodeo, and even some up and coming little cowboys and cowgirls. The Barnes PRCA Rodeo Stock Company has brought the top stock to the Spooner Rodeo since it began in 1954. This family\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18342773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of ballet\",\n \"text\": \"secondary role to an integral part of a ballet performance. She introduced the bias cut and a simplified classic tutu that allowed the dancer more freedom of movement. With meticulous attention to detail, she decorated her tutus with beadwork, embroidery, crochet and appliqué. George Balanchine is often considered to have been the first pioneer of what is now known as neoclassical ballet, a style of dance between classical ballet and today's contemporary ballet. Tim Scholl, author of \\\"From Petipa to Balanchine\\\", considers Balanchine's \\\"Apollo\\\" (1928) to be the first neoclassical ballet. It represented a return to form in response to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11547464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"to use music from \\\"Connotations\\\", the \\\"Piano Variations\\\" and \\\"Piano Fantasy\\\" for a ballet, \\\"The Fall Hamlet (The Hamlet Affair).\\\" Staged by the American Ballet Theatre on January 6, 1976, the title role was danced by Mikhail Barishnikov, Ophelia by Gelsie Kirkland, Gertrude by Marcia Haydée and Claudius by Erik Bruhn. The ballet was received poorly, due to ineffective choreography. Critic Bob Micklin noted, however, that Copland's \\\"prickly, restless music\\\" reflected the ballet's story very well. Despite its initial reception, \\\"Connotations\\\" was listed in 1979 by \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine among Copland works that continued to be programmed by orchestras, with subsequent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Women in rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"offered became economically impractical. Other women's organizations include the Professional Women's Rodeo Association (PWRA) which is opened to female rough stock riders only. A random sample of 1992 WPRA members found more than half had a relative in rodeo, and that most had husbands who were rodeo men. Almost all were in high school or high school graduates with one third having attained college educations. Women in rodeo Historically, women have long participated in the rodeo. Annie Oakley created the image of the cowgirl in the late 19th century, and, in 1908, a 10-year-old girl was dubbed the first cowgirl\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13177485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association was formed and grew extremely quickly. The first College National Finals Rodeo (CNFR) was held the same year in San Francisco, California. By 1951, the association had 41 participating colleges. By 1955, it was estimated that there were over 600 rodeos in the country. The Miss Rodeo America pageant was organized with the first pageant held by International Rodeo Management in Casper, Wyoming. The first National Finals Rodeo was held in Dallas, Texas in 1959. The top 15 money-earners from the RCA in each event were invited to compete and winnings from the NFR were added\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10021542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Judas Tree (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"gang, and the culprit then hangs himself from the scaffolding. The programme notes recommend that this is not a ballet for children under the age of 12. The Judas Tree (ballet) The Judas Tree is a one-act ballet created by Kenneth MacMillan in 1992 for the Royal Ballet. The music is by Brian Elias. The first performance was on 19 March 1992, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. The only clue MacMillan gave in order to understand his intentions is a programme note quoting Kahlil Gibran's poem \\\"On Crime and Punishment\\\": ‘[A]s a single leaf turns not yellow but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18325397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"composers with whom he could relate, he had been \\\"generous and enthusiastic\\\" in his support of Copland. His frequent programming of Copland's works during his tenure with the New York Philharmonic might, Adams suggests, have been partly in reaction against works of the twelve-tone school. Now he was confronted with what American composer John Adams terms a \\\"stridently dissonant, piss-n-vinegar\\\" work \\\"written in an idiom so alien to his own sensibilities,\\\" the first performance of which he would not only conduct but would also be televised to a national audience. Pollack claims Bernstein might have found \\\"Connotations \\\" \\\"boring\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"Sarry emerged as DeMille's preferred interpreter of this complex role, DeMille even preferring Sarry's version to her own. Agnes DeMille stated in her will that only Sarry was authorized to approve of dancers who could take up the role of the Cowgirl. Since Agnes DeMille's death, Sarry has coached and approved numerous dancers in the part. In the 21st century, the list includes: Tina LeBlanc (San Francisco Ballet (2006), Kristin Long (San Francisco Ballet, 2007); Xiomara Reyes (American Ballet Theater, 2006); Marian Butler (American Ballet Theater, 2006); and Erica Cornejo (American Ballet Theater, 2005). Of Ms. Cornejo, critic Jerry Hochman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"which the composer labeled his \\\"vernacular\\\" style. Works in this vein include the ballets \\\"Appalachian Spring\\\", \\\"Billy the Kid\\\" and \\\"Rodeo\\\", his \\\"Fanfare for the Common Man\\\" and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores. After some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark, Copland traveled to Paris, where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal, then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger. He studied three years with Boulanger, whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste. Determined upon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Women in rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"Women in rodeo Historically, women have long participated in the rodeo. Annie Oakley created the image of the cowgirl in the late 19th century, and, in 1908, a 10-year-old girl was dubbed the first cowgirl after demonstrating her roping skills at Madison Square Garden. Women were celebrated competitors in bronc and bull riding events in the early decades of the 20th century until a female bronc rider died in a 1929 rodeo. Her death fueled the growing opposition to female competitors in rodeo; their participation was severely curtailed thereafter. In the 19th century, women learned to rope and ride as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13177474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"used in American English about 1834 to denote a \\\"round up\\\" of cattle. Early rodeo-like affairs of the 1820s and 1830s were informal events in the western United States and northern Mexico with cowboys and \\\"vaqueros\\\" testing their work skills against one another. Santa Fe, New Mexico lays claim to the first rodeo based on a letter dated 1847 written by Captain Mayne Reid from Santa Fe to a friend in Ireland:\\\"At this time of year, the cowmen have what is called the round-up, when the calves are branded and the fat beasts selected to be driven to a fair\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10021547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heart of the North Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"and rodeo supplies. The Rodeo Royalty can be found walking around the grounds after the rodeo to sign autographs and take pictures as well. There is also a chance for children under 56 inches to go into the arena for the Nickel Scramble, which is a race to collect nickels. Children get to keep these nickels and some even have special prizes on them. On the Thursday performance, there is the Exceptional Rodeo. This is where children with special needs get the chance to compete in some of the rodeo activities, which are brought down to their level. There is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18342781\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sweethearts of the Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Buffalo Zone\\\" and 1992's \\\"Sisters\\\"), but neither produced any major hits, and Columbia dropped the duo in 1992. Sweethearts of the Rodeo continued to tour in the 1990s, later releasing two albums of bluegrass music on the Sugar Hill label: \\\"Rodeo Waltz\\\" in 1993 and \\\"Beautiful Lies\\\" in 1996. Janis and Kristine owned a clothing store in Franklin, Tennessee, called \\\"Gill & Arnold\\\" for a time in the late 1990s that has since closed. Janis and Vince Gill were divorced in 1997 and she married Roy Cummins in 2000. Sweethearts of the Rodeo Sweethearts of the Rodeo is an American\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6704718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"Cody (Buffalo Bill) created the first major rodeo and the first Wild West show in North Platte, Nebraska in 1882. Following this successful endeavor, Cody organized his touring Wild West show, leaving other entrepreneurs to create what became professional rodeo. Rodeos and Wild West shows enjoyed a parallel existence, employing many of the same stars, while capitalizing on the continuing allure of the mythic West. Women joined the Wild West and contest rodeo circuits in the 1890s and their participation grew as the activities spread geographically. Animal welfare groups began targeting rodeo from the earliest times, and have continued their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10021501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dayton Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"In May 1938, Jo and Hermene gathered together the school's finest dancers, named the troupe \\\"The Experimental Group for Young Dancers,\\\" and staged a performance at the Dayton Art Institute. This was the first performance of what is now the Dayton Ballet. Jo was a pioneer of the American regional ballet movement of the mid-20th century. Through years of persistence, she made Dayton a center of dance. In 1958, the company restructured as the Dayton Civic Ballet, with a board of directors, and federal tax-exempt status. In 1959, the Dayton Civic Ballet became a chartered member of the Northeast Regional\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13463283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Copland College\",\n \"text\": \"terms of the UAI the year 12 students receive. In 2006, Copland College was ranked the third highest ranking college in the ACT. This has had an effect on the students that have enrolled and are currently studying at the school. Copland College Copland College opened in 1978 at Copland Drive, Melba, Australian Capital Territory, Australia It is a supporter of the IB Diploma Program. In 2007, it was decided by the ACT Government to merge Copland College and Melba High School. Since 2009 the joint school has been called Melba Copland Secondary School. Merging - In 2008 Copland College\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6665906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"Rodeo\\\", which consisted chiefly of removing \\\"Ranch House Party\\\" and minor adjustments to the final two sections. With the middle section removed, the composition resembled the symphonic form with an ambitious opening movement, slow movement, minuet and finale. In this form, \\\"Rodeo\\\" found even greater success, premiering at the Boston Pops in 1943. 3 flutes, piccolo 2 oboes 1 english horns 2 Bb clarinets 1 bass clarinet 2 bassoons 4 horns 3 Bb trumpets 3 trombones 1 tuba timpani percussion (glockenspiel, xylophone, cymbals, triangle, wood block, whip/slapstick, bass drum, snare drum) 1 harp 1 celesta 1 piano strings The circumstances\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15356600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"tone rows as complete statements around which to structure his compositions. Copland used his rows not much different than how he fashioned the material in his tonal pieces. He saw his rows as sources for melodies and harmonies, not as complete and independent entities, except at points in the musical structure that dictated the complete statement of a row. Even after Copland started using 12-tone techniques, he did not stick to them exclusively but went back and forth between tonal and non-tonal compositions. Other late works include: \\\"Dance Panels\\\" (1959, ballet music), \\\"Something Wild\\\" (1961, his last film score, much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Judas Tree (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"The Judas Tree (ballet) The Judas Tree is a one-act ballet created by Kenneth MacMillan in 1992 for the Royal Ballet. The music is by Brian Elias. The first performance was on 19 March 1992, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. The only clue MacMillan gave in order to understand his intentions is a programme note quoting Kahlil Gibran's poem \\\"On Crime and Punishment\\\": ‘[A]s a single leaf turns not yellow but with the silent knowledge of the whole tree, so the wrongdoer cannot do wrong without the hidden will of you all’. According to the information at MacMillan's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18325393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"rodeo contest for bronc riders and steer ropers called the Raymond Stampede. Knight also coined the rodeo term \\\"stampede\\\" and built rodeo's first known shotgun style bucking chute. In 1903, Knight built Canada's first rodeo arena and grandstand and became the first rodeo producer and rodeo stock contractor. In 1912, Guy Weadick and several investors put up $100,000 to create what today is the Calgary Stampede. The Stampede also incorporated mythical and historical elements, including Native Indians in full regalia, chuckwagon races, the Mounted Police, and marching bands. From its beginning, the event has been held the second week in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"848736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marc Copland\",\n \"text\": \"Marc Copland Marc Copland (born May 27, 1948, as Marc Cohen) is an American jazz pianist and composer. Copland became part of the jazz scene in Philadelphia in the early 1960s as a saxophonist, and later moved to New York City, where he experimented with electric alto saxophone. In the early 1970s, while pursuing his own harmonic concept, he grew dissatisfied with what he felt were inherent limitations in the saxophone and moved to the Baltimore-Washington D.C. area, where he remained for a decade to retrain as a jazz pianist. He returned to New York in the mid-1980s. Copland was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7056619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Ballet of Canada\",\n \"text\": \"year, in 1974, while on a tour in Canada, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected and requested political asylum in Toronto and joined the Royal Winnipeg Ballet. His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in a version of \\\"La Sylphide\\\". National Ballet of Canada One of the top international ballet companies, The National Ballet of Canada was founded in 1951 by Celia Franca. A company of 70 dancers with its own orchestra, the National Ballet has been led by Artistc Director Karen Kain, one of the greatest ballerinas of her generation,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3438815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Black Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"appearance of Muhammad Ali, who rides a horse on 125th Street (the main street in Harlem), trades friendly verbal jibes with the cowboys, straps on chaps and rides a bull. The rodeo events in the film are set to the music of Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Little Richard, Lee Dorsey, Sammy Turner, Little Eva and other R&B acts. The film was released by Cinerama Releasing in the spring of 1972. Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \\\"Black Rodeo\\\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13957448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clarinet Concerto (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"August 29, 1950, Copland backed away from the commission. The composer explained that, after further thought, he believed that performing an arrangement of the first movement by itself \\\"takes away from the integrity of the Concerto as I originally conceived it, and I am basically unwilling to do that\\\". Copland was also concerned, he wrote, that a performance of the concerto's first movement by itself when the concerto still had not been performed—Goodman repeatedly postponed his premier of the piece—might be misperceived by the public as expressing doubt about the quality of the concerto's second movement. He proposed a different\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8052018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Animal treatment in rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"events that reads: The ASPCA is opposed to all rodeo events that involve cruel, painful, stressful and potentially harmful treatment of livestock, not only in performance but also in handling, transport and prodding to perform. The ASPCA recognizes the cruel treatment inflicted on many additional animals in the process of practicing to compete in rodeo events. Further, the ASPCA is opposed to children's rodeo events such as goat tying, calf riding and sheep riding (\\\"mutton busting\\\"), which do not promote humane care and respect for animals. The American Humane Association (AHA) used to campaign against rodeo through anti-rodeo literature but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13148525\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Piano Variations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"following year under conductor Robert Whitney. Copland regarded the \\\"lean, percussive and rather harmonically severe\\\" quality of the piano as essential to the Piano Variations in 1930, but after 27 years, reinvented the work to take advantage of a full orchestral palette. The Orchestral Variations offer a new perspective on the work, focusing instead on the contrasts of its multifarious moods and colors. The Orchestral Variations are scored for the following instrumentation. Copland regarded pianist Walter Gieseking very highly for his refined tone and subtle coloration, especially in the performance of Debussy, and insisted that no one else could give\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8917259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Black Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \\\"Black Rodeo\\\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York City. The documentary shows that the people who attended the rodeo were awed to find African-American men and women actively involved in skills such asbronc riding, calf roping and brahma bull riding. Actor Woody Strode attended the rodeo and appears in the film as its narrator. He imparts a number of stories that show the participation of blacks in the development of the American Old West. The film captures the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13957447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Ballet of Canada\",\n \"text\": \"refused similar invitations in Australia and South Africa and liked living in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, when she came to Canada in 1951 to attend a festival, the founders again asked her to consider the position. Franca accepted the job and became the first artistic director, while Volkoff was appointed as Resident Choreographer. Conductor George Crum acted as Musical Director. In August 1951 what was then The National Ballet Guild of Canada launched its first cross-country audition tour. By the end of the month, the ballet had chosen 29 dancers for the troupe and was rehearsing for their first performance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3438809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"to write the ballet score \\\"Billy the Kid\\\", which became, in Pollack's words, an \\\"archetypical depiction of the legendary American West.\\\" Based on a Walter Noble Burns novel, with choreography by Eugene Loring, \\\"Billy\\\" was among the first to display an American music and dance vocabulary. Copland used six cowboy folk songs to provide period atmosphere and employed polyrhythm and polyharmony when not quoting these tunes literally to maintain the work's overall tone. In this way, Copland's music worked much in the same way as the murals of Thomas Hart Benton, in that it employed elements that could be grasped\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"as a synthesizing quality.\\\" \\\"Connotations\\\" was the first orchestral work in which Copland used serial principles of composition. Serial or twelve-tone music, Copland stated, carried \\\"a built-in tenseness ... a certain drama ... a sense of strain or tension\\\" inherent in its extended use of chromaticism. \\\"These are new tensions,\\\" he continued, \\\"different from what I would have dreamt up if I had been thinking tonally.\\\" To composer John Adams, Copland's embrace of serial technique was not really such a stretch \\\"because ever since the 1920s, he'd already a piss-'n-vinegar penchant for sour intervals, like he did in the \\\"Piano\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roxi Copland\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Black Out the Blue\\\" EP (2010) \\\"Streetwise\\\" EP (2008) \\\"Love Me Out Loud\\\" (2017), Directed by Tony Bonacci Copland grew up in Aberdeen, Washington, where she began studying music at the age of four. Upon graduation from Aberdeen High School in 2001, she moved to Grinnell, Iowa to attend Grinnell College. Copland began her professional career in Des Moines, Iowa, where she was based from 2005-2011. After spending a year in Vancouver, Canada, Copland moved to Milwaukee in 2012 and Austin in 2018. Roxi Copland Roxi Copland is an American singer-songwriter and pianist based in Austin. She has toured extensively\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19044397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Livermore Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"held the first time on a portion of a local ranch near the intersection of what is now Interstate 580 and Portola Avenue. The opening event was filmed by Universal Studios for a newsreel. Livermore Rodeo The Livermore Rodeo is a rodeo held annually in Livermore, California on the second full weekend of June at the rodeo grounds at Robertson Park. It is the oldest event in Livermore and part of the famous California 6-Pack Rodeo Circuit. Famous rodeo participants frequent the event and it is often used as a backdrop or exteriors site in films. It is always preceded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8999560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Agon (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"dances together constitute the second pas-de-trois . When \\\"Agon\\\" was performed in Italy in 1965 , Stravinsky was particularly pleased with the performance of mandolinist Giuseppe Anedda: Agon (ballet) Agon (1957) is a ballet for twelve dancers, with music by Igor Stravinsky and choreography by George Balanchine. Composition began in December 1953 but was interrupted the next year; work was resumed in 1956 and concluded on April 27, 1957; the music was first performed on June 17, 1957, in Los Angeles conducted by Robert Craft, while the first stage performance was given by the New York City Ballet on December\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11219504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"written in \\\"the grand manner,\\\" as Copland wrote about his Third Symphony. The other two works in this category were the \\\"Symphonic Ode\\\" and the Third Symphony. Copland also calls those works transitional pieces, anomalies which stand between different compositional styles of his oeuvre. All three works proved, as musicologist William W. Austin notes and Pollack states about the symphony, \\\"challenging to grasp.\\\" While music historian Judith Tick notes the work's \\\"massive chordal assaults on the ear,\\\" she adds that while Copland 's stated intent was to evoke the dissonance of modern life, he also acknowledges \\\"the darkness revealed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646427\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"and included it among the pieces the orchestra played on its European tour in February 1963. He would also commission a subsequent orchestral work from Copland, which became \\\"Inscape\\\", and conduct \\\"Connotations\\\" again in an all-Copland concert with the New York Philharmonic in 1989. Even with this advocacy and the chance to familiarize himself at length, \\\"Connotations\\\" apparently remained a work that Bernstein did not conduct well. Critic Peter Davis, in his review of the 1989 performance, writes that while \\\"Connotations\\\" remained \\\"admittedly not a very lovable piece,\\\" in Bernstein's hands it \\\"sounded more fulsome than portentous.\\\" Copland acknowledged that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as \\\"the Dean of American Composers.\\\" The open, slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as \\\"populist\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Australian Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"Ballet. The first performance by the Australian Ballet was Tchaikovsky's \\\"Swan Lake\\\", staged at Her Majesty's Theatre, Sydney on 2 November 1962. The principal dancers in the first season were Kathleen Gorham, Marilyn Jones and Garth Welch. Van Praagh also invited the Royal Ballet's Ray Powell to temporarily became the company's first ballet master, with Leon Kellaway (brother of Cecil Kellaway), a former dancer with the Covent Garden Russian Ballet, as the company's first ballet teacher. In later years Sir Robert Helpmann, Marilyn Jones and Maina Gielgud made major contributions as Artistic Directors of the Australian Ballet. In 1964 van\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5254421\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"On a more positive note, Davis wrote after a performance of the work under Ehrling by The Juilliard Orchestra that while \\\"Connotations\\\" remains a \\\"spiky\\\" composition, Copland \\\"adopts Schoenberg's serial procedures to produce a sequence of typically pungent and exhilarating Coplandesque sonorities.\\\" Desmond Shawe-Taylor called the work \\\"beautifully put together: full of energy, variety, thought\\\" after he had heard Boulez conduct the piece. Michael Andrews wrote of Copland's \\\"mammoth, anxious and angry vision\\\" and Barlett Naylor of \\\"a majesty hidden in this dark piece\\\" after both had heard de Waart's performance. Along with Bernstein's two performances, Copland recorded \\\"Connotations\\\" with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"his quest to take up the slogan of the Stieglitz group, \\\"Affirm America,\\\" Copland found only the music of Carl Ruggles and Charles Ives upon which to draw. Without what Copland called a \\\"usable past,\\\" he looked toward jazz and popular music, something he had already started to do while in Europe. In the 1920s, George Gershwin, Bessie Smith, and Louis Armstrong were in the forefront American popular music and jazz. By the end of the decade, Copland felt his music was going in a more abstract, less jazz-oriented direction. However, as large swing bands such as those of Benny\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ballet of the Nuns\",\n \"text\": \"left after six. It is possible that the erotic implications of the nuns' ballet did not set well with her. She may have been reluctant to appear in a ballet within an opera. A foot injury and the accidents that marred the first performance may have given the ballerina pause for thought. Bad press directed at her father may have caused Taglioni to withdraw. Taglioni was replaced by Louise Fitzjames, who danced the role 232 times. The Danish choreographer August Bournonville saw Fitzjames's performance as the Abbess in Paris in 1841. He based his own choreography, which was used in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18566205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Connotations (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"... an 'alienated' modernist stance.\\\" As the composer had been one of the first American composers to import the style from Europe—in the mid twenties—these critics may have overlooked the possibility that his \\\"populist period\\\" may have represented the more jarring deviation in his compositional style. It had also been some time since a Copland piece had been appreciated widely by audiences. His opera \\\"The Tender Land\\\" had not fared well, either in its original or revised forms. Choreographer Jerome Robbins never produced Copland's ballet \\\"Dance Panels\\\", despite the fact that he had commissioned it. None of his major orchestral\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5646453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Invitation (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"The Invitation (ballet) The Invitation is a one-act ballet with choreography and libretto by Kenneth MacMillan, created in 1960 for the Royal Ballet. The music, composed for the work, is by Mátyás Seiber. Featuring Lynn Seymour as The Girl and Desmond Doyle as The Husband, seduction and rape are at the heart of this piece which generated controversy at the time; particularly the scene of the rape. Lynn Seymour contributed greatly to the success of the performance. \\\"If the \\\"Invitation\\\" is MacMillan's ballet, it is also Miss Seymour's\\\" was written in \\\"The Times\\\". The first performance was on 10 November\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18328294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Italian ballet\",\n \"text\": \"which was put together by his students. Ballet, if not the first, produced and shown was Baldassare de Belgiojoso's balletto comico, also known as Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx's Ballet Comique de la Reine (1581) and was a ballet comique (ballet drama). In the same year, the publication of Fabritio Caroso's \\\"Il Ballarino\\\", a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to establish Italy as a centre of technical ballet development. At first, ballets were woven in to the midst of an opera to allow the audience a moment of relief from the dramatic intensity. By the mid-seventeenth century,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13980776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of ballet\",\n \"text\": \"celebrate the marriage of Henry's favorite the Duke de Joyeuse to Marguerite de Lorraine, the sister of Queen Louise. The ballet lasted for more than five hours and was danced by twenty four dancers: twelve naiades and twelve pages. In the same year, the publication of Fabritio Caroso's \\\"Il Ballarino\\\", a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to establish Italy as a centre of technical ballet development. Ballet developed as a performance-focused art form in France during the reign of Louis XIV, who was passionate about dance. Pierre Beauchamp, the man who codified the five basic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11547437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"also met with proponents of twelve-tone technique, based on the works of Arnold Schoenberg, and found himself interested in adapting serial methods to his own musical voice. In 1950, Copland received a U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission scholarship to study in Rome, which he did the following year. Around this time, he also composed his Piano Quartet, adopting Schoenberg's twelve-tone method of composition, and \\\"Old American Songs\\\" (1950), the first set of which was premiered by Peter Pears and Benjamin Britten, the second by William Warfield. During the 1951–52 academic year, Copland gave a series of lectures under the Charles Eliot Norton\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618114\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland\",\n \"text\": \"used with contemporary rhythms, textures and structures. In what could seem contradictory, he used complex harmonies and rhythms to simplify folk melodies and make them more accessible and familiar to his listeners. Except for the Shaker tune in \\\"Appalachian Spring\\\", Copland often syncopates traditional melodies, changes their metric patterns and note values. In \\\"Billy the Kid\\\", he derives many of the work's sparse harmonies from the implied harmonic constructions of the cowboy tunes themselves. Like Stravinsky, Copland mastered the ability to create a coherent, integrated composition from what was essentially a mosaic of divergent folk-based and original elements. In that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"618145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Beginning (Copland)\",\n \"text\": \"by Robert Shaw. In the Beginning (Copland) In the Beginning is a 1947 choral work by Aaron Copland to a text from the Book of Genesis chapter 1:1 to 2:7. The 15'-20' minute long work is for mixed four-part chorus a capella and soprano or mezzo-soprano solo. The work is evocative of the Hebrew \\\"davening\\\" and shows the influence of polytonality with references to jazz and blues. \\\"In the Beginning\\\" was composed for Harvard University's Symposium on Music Criticism in May 1947. The premiere was performed by the Collegiate Chorale at the Harvard Memorial Church, Cambridge on 2 May of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19878163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ballet of the Nuns\",\n \"text\": \"women cast off their nuns' costume, they shake off the cold powder of the grave; suddenly they throw themselves into the delights of their past life; they dance like bacchantes, they play like lords, they drink like sappers. What a pleasure to see these light women. \\\"Nuns\\\" was the first \\\"ballet blanc\\\" and the first romantic ballet. The opera was performed 756 times between 1831 and 1893 at the Paris Opéra. French Impressionist painter Edgar Degas painted the ballet scene several times between 1871 and 1876. Under her contract, Taglioni was to appear in \\\"Nuns\\\" about a dozen times. She\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18566204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boston Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Don Quixote\\\" on Broadway with Rudolf Nureyev as special guest artist, after touring the United States, Mexico, France, and Italy. Boston Ballet collaborated with choreographer Mark Morris for the first time in 1986, performing his \\\"Mort Subite\\\" at the PepsiCo Festival in Purchase, New York. The following year Boston Ballet was the first ballet company to perform at the BESSIE Dance and Performance award ceremony at New York City Center. Boston Ballet was the first major dance company to commission works from contemporary choreographers Mark Morris, Susan Marshall, Ralph Lemon, Elisa Monte, and Helen Pickett. In May 1990, Natalia Dudinskaya\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5831546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rodeo Drive\",\n \"text\": \"de las Aguas, with plans for a mixed-use subdivision with a branch of the Los Angeles and Pacific Railway running North on Rodeo Drive before turning west at Sunset Boulevard. They platted the street that very year, in 1906. By 1907, 75x160 foot parcels on Rodeo were selling for $1,100 each. It became a bridle path in 1912, when the Beverly Hills Hotel was built on a former lima bean field. By November 1925, similar lots were selling for between $15,000 and $30,000, almost double what they'd been selling for in September. The central part of Rodeo eventually became a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4309395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Air Mobility Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"performed at Rodeo, filming a two-hour program for his 84th birthday. President Ronald Reagan and Secretary of the Air Force Edward Aldridge Jr. were also on hand for Bob Hope’s performance. No Rodeo was held in 1988 because of budget constraints. However, the Rodeo returned in 1989. This Rodeo was the first to showcase the airdrop capability of the C-5 Galaxy. The C-5 set a world record by dropping four M551 Sheridan light tanks and 73 paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division totaling 190,346 pounds. No competition was held from 2001–2004 because of the increased operations tempo as a result\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10588108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"laid still while just a few plodded along. First place went to the owner of turtle Goober Dust taking home $7,100. Second place took home $1,250. These turtles, however, were not attributed to the Cowboy Turtles Association (CTA) which was started several years later in 1936. In 1934, the World Series Rodeo arrived in Madison Square Garden. The rodeo offered $40,000 in prizes. The World Series Rodeo promoter, Colonel William T. Johnson, had lost $40,000 promoting a Wild West Show in Texas six years prior and decided to promote his money back. He put on 5 rodeos a year and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10021536\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Copland House\",\n \"text\": \"Other previous winners include Pierre Jalbert, Richard Danielpour, Robert Xavier Rodriguez, Robert Paterson, Judith Lang Zaimont, Andrew Norman, Derek Bermel, Du Yun, Henry Threadgill, Alvin Singleton, Dave Douglas, Christopher Theofanidis, and Hannah Lash. In 1999, Copland House initiated its resident chamber ensemble Music From Copland House (MCH), the U.S.'s only wide-ranging American repertory ensemble, which made its debut at the Opening Night of Merkin Concert Hall’s 1999-2000 season. In September 2009, \\\"Copland House at Merestead\\\", the organization's regular mainstage concert series, was established at the historic Merestead Estate in Mount Kisco, New York. The Rock Hill property is on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15177989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Polish National Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"Polish National Ballet The Polish National Ballet (PNB) is the largest and the most important ballet company in Poland. It continues a national ballet heritage, which dates to the 17th century. Modernly it was known until 2009 as the ballet of the Teatr Wielki - Polish National Opera. In that year the ballet received artistic autonomy reflected in the theatre's by-laws and was elevated to the rank of Polish National Ballet. Since then, its director is Polish choreographer Krzysztof Pastor. In 1628 a traveling Italian opera troupe created the first ballet performance in Poland. Ballet scenes were then often incorporated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14933108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mary Walker (rodeo)\",\n \"text\": \"the requirement was 15. Walker entered another NFR this year. She had $112,216 in her regular season earnings. She was third in the World Standings. She has combined earnings of $300,000 for her past four NFR appearances, not counting what she will win at this year's NFR. For the first time, she brought a backup horse, nicknamed Bojangles. along with Latte. Other winnings included the Lewiston Roundup in Idaho, Montana's Biggest Weekend, Northwest Montana Fair & Rodeo, Canyonlands Rodeo in Utah, Spanish Fork, Utah, 56th Belt in Montana, Maah Daah Hey Stampede in North Dakota, and La Fiesta de los\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20745250\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"San Francisco Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"the broad success of productions such as 1977's \\\"Romeo and Juliet\\\", which aired on the PBS series \\\"Great Performances: Dance in America\\\" in 1978. This televised performance marked the first time that a West Coast ballet company, and a full-length ballet, was shown on the PBS TV series. PBS televised three more of Smuin's SF Ballet productions, and his productions of \\\"The Tempest\\\" and \\\"A Song for Dead Warriors\\\" went on to win Emmy Awards. Smuin led the company until 1985. Helgi Tomasson's 1985 arrival as artistic director marked the beginning of a new era for San Francisco Ballet. Under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6045918\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Milwaukee Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"Milwaukee Ballet The Milwaukee Ballet is a professional ballet company founded by Roberta Boorse of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is located in Milwaukee, and is currently run by Michael Pink, the artistic director. The Milwaukee Ballet was founded in 1969, and held its first performance on April 24, 1970 at the School of Fine Arts at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Less than a year later the company began performing in Uihlein Hall at the Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, where it still performs today. In 1975 the Milwaukee Ballet opened an affiliated school, the Milwaukee Ballet School. Today\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5879354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Sawyer: A Ballet in Three Acts\",\n \"text\": \"(the Aaron Copland masterpieces, or Balanchine’s ballet “On Your Toes”) were even as much as an hour in length, let alone three-acts. He came up with the idea of Twain’s “Tom Sawyer” as a possible appropriate subject for a full length form. The book \\\"seemed a natural fit principally because its form, like ballet, is episodic”, he said, citing \\\"The Painting of the Fence\\\" scene, \\\"Lost With Becky Thatcher in The Cave,\\\" \\\"Witnessing the Murder in the Graveyard,\\\" as examples. Upon hearing the score William Whitener, Artistic Director of Kansas City Ballet, agreed to choreograph and mount the production, saying\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19346091\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Royal Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"dancer, choreographer and director. His first choreography for the Royal Ballet, was \\\"Fleur de Peux\\\", a solo work created in 2000 on Viviana Durante. This led to further commissions by the Royal Ballet, including \\\"Symbiont(s)\\\" in 2001, \\\"Qualia\\\" in 2003 and \\\"Engram\\\" in 2005. He also created the ballet \\\"brainstate\\\" in 2001, as a collaboration between the Royal Ballet and his own company, Random Dance. McGregor was appointed Resident Choreographer of the Royal Ballet in 2006, the first person to hold the post in sixteen years, and the first to be selected from the world of contemporary dance. McGregor's works\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4370009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Royal Ballet\",\n \"text\": \"for the Royal Ballet include: First performing together with the Royal Ballet in Giselle on 21 February 1962, Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev would form what has been called the greatest ballet partnership of all time. The partnership would lead to both dancers being noted amongst the most famous ballet dancers of all time and came at the peak of what is now widely regarded as the most successful period in the Royal Ballet's history. On 12 March 1963, the couple premiered Sir Frederick Ashton's \\\"Marguerite and Armand\\\", the first ballet created for them and one that become their signature\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4370010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Symphony in C (ballet)\",\n \"text\": \"the four movements were originally associated with and designed using the colors four gemstones, three of which Balanchine subsequently retained for the three movements of his 1967 ballet \\\"Jewels\\\": Emeralds, Rubies and Diamonds. Even before the ballet was renamed \\\"Symphony in C\\\", he had eliminated the color scheme and changed to the white costumes still used. The NYCB premiere took place as the final piece on the first performance, October 11, 1948, of the newly renamed City Ballet at the City Center of Music and Drama with costumes by Karinska. Jerome Robbins was in the audience at that performance and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11256551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Copland (operating system)\",\n \"text\": \"such as object orientation, crash-proofing, and multitasking. The project was Apple's trigger to cofound several industry-wide standards and consortiums for next-generation operating system development, such as OpenDoc and Taligent. Copland reached Developer Release beta testing status before its cancellation in August 1996. Instead, Apple released a much more legacy-oriented Mac OS 8 in 1997, followed by Mac OS 9's architectural improvements in 1999, and then Mac OS X became Apple's next-generation operating system release in 2001. All of these releases bear some functional or cosmetic influence from Copland. As a product of dysfunctional corporate personnel and project management, Copland is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2824587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Douglas Copland\",\n \"text\": \"Douglas Copland Sir Douglas Berry Copland (24 February 189427 September 1971) was an Australian academic and economist. Douglas Copland was born in Otago, New Zealand in 1894, the thirteenth of sixteen children. He was raised there and lived there till he was 21. In 1920, at the age of 26, he became Professor of Economics at the University of Tasmania. In 1924 Copland was appointed the Professor of Commerce (a post he held until 1944) and first Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Commerce at the University of Melbourne. He was also the Truby Williams Professor of Economics at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13948614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\",\n \"text\": \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and \\\"Stylus Magazine\\\" named it their 175th favorite album of all time in the same year. \\\"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\\\" went on to inspire the name of the 1980s country duo, Sweethearts of the Rodeo, who paid tribute to the Byrds' album with the sleeve of their 1990 album, \\\"Buffalo Zone\\\". In 2018, Roger McGuinn and Chris Hillman reunited for a U.S. tour celebrating the 50th anniversary of \\\"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\\\". The duo, who were backed on the tour by Marty Stuart and his Fabulous Superlatives, performed all of the songs from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1604640\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["1942","one thousand, nine hundred and forty-two"],"string":"[\n \"1942\",\n \"one thousand, nine hundred and forty-two\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":578,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"ferihegy international airport is in which country?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport","text":"Since July 2017 the 100E shuttle bus service operates between Terminal 2 and Deák Ferenc tér in the city centre for a special fare. Flixbus operates bus lines from the airport to numerous European cities including Prague, Timisoara, Sibiu and Vienna. Several companies operate airport shuttles taking passengers to any destination in the city. Other shuttles and coach services exist to outlying towns in Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Serbia. Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport () , formerly known as \"Budapest Ferihegy International Airport\" and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the","psg_id":"4648920"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Since July 2017 the 100E shuttle bus service operates between Terminal 2 and Deák Ferenc tér in the city centre for a special fare. Flixbus operates bus lines from the airport to numerous European cities including Prague, Timisoara, Sibiu and Vienna. Several companies operate airport shuttles taking passengers to any destination in the city. Other shuttles and coach services exist to outlying towns in Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Serbia. Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport () , formerly known as \\\"Budapest Ferihegy International Airport\\\" and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648920\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport","text":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport () , formerly known as \"Budapest Ferihegy International Airport\" and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the Hungarian capital city of Budapest, and by far the largest of the country's four commercial airports. The airport is located southeast of the center of Budapest (bordering Pest county) and was renamed in 2011 in honour of the most famous Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferenc, in Hungarian) on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. It offers international connections primarily within Europe, but also to Africa,","psg_id":"4648892"},{"title":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport","text":"network of low-cost carriers, the airport was not only able to survive but to grow in a way that was unprecedented in the region. In 2018 LOT Polish Airlines made Budapest their first hub outside Poland, with flights to New York–JFK, Chicago–O'Hare, Kraków and London City Airport. Nowadays, the Budapest hub of Wizz Air is the largest of all with more 60 destinations worldwide. By the end of 2018, the airport hopes to reach 15 million passengers a year that would nearly be twice as much as in 2013. Originally called Budapest Ferihegy International Airport (\"Budapest Ferihegy Nemzetközi Repülőtér\"), on","psg_id":"4648894"},{"title":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport","text":"25 March 2011 it was officially renamed Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport, in honor of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt (Modern Hungarian: \"Liszt Ferenc\".) Popularly, the airport is still called Ferihegy as before. Ferihegy is the name of the neighborhood around the airport. The name is derived from that of Ferenc Xavér Mayerffy (1776–1845), the former owner of an estate who established vineyards and contributed to the development of viticulture in Pest-Buda. \"Feri\" is a diminutive form of Ferenc while \"hegy\" means hill. In fact, the area is almost totally flat; but originally there was a 147 m","psg_id":"4648895"},{"title":"Sheremetyevo International Airport","text":"Olympics. It was built according to the principles of design of Hannover-Langenhagen Airport and was the arrival and departure point for international flights. Flights to cities in Russia and charter flights arrived and departed from Sheremetyevo-1. There is no physical connection between the two terminal complexes; they are essentially separate airports that use the same set of runways. Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg; Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota; Sydney Airport in New South Wales, Australia; Perth Airport in Western Australia; Ferihegy in Budapest; Sofia International Airport in Bulgaria and Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, Philippines are","psg_id":"1915341"},{"title":"Budaörs Airport","text":"Airlines, and Transadriatica. The need for the replacement of Budaörs by a larger airport had been clear since 1939. Hills surrounding Budaörs Airport, a lack of room for expansion, and the need for longer, hard runways led the development of what would become Budapest Ferihegy International Airport. Ferihegy was ready in 1943, but bombing during World War 2 caused extensive damage to it. As Budaörs had survived the war relatively intact, it continued its service as the primary international airport until repairs at Ferihegy were completed. Ferihegy was reopened on 7 May 1950, and a Lisunov Li-2 flew in from","psg_id":"20097181"},{"title":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport","text":"state news agency MTI reports: ) In response, additional security measures were immediately implemented at Budapest Airport causing flight delays at both terminals. Unusually long passenger waiting queues were observed at the busier 2A-B terminal complex's departures area. These problems were solved over time, especially through the opening of the SkyCourt terminal including a central security zone. On 15 November 2010, Budapest Airport regained the \"Schengen Clear\"-status, after implementing the necessary security actions and after that, the airport underwent the strict re-inspection. On 16 March 2011, the name of Budapest Ferihegy International Airport was changed to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International","psg_id":"4648907"},{"title":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport","text":"used on this line. Another way to get to the city center from the airport is to catch a taxi. Cabs are available all day long in front of the terminal buildings. Budapest Airport's official Taxi partner is Főtaxi (Főtaxi's website) which has a taxi order stand at both arrival site's exit (outside the building). Hungarian State Railways runs suburban and long-distance services between (the now closed) Terminal 1 and Nyugati Railway Station in Budapest city center through Kőbánya-Kispest. The trip takes approximately 25 minutes. From Terminal 2 passengers need to take bus 200E to Ferihegy vasútállomás (Ferihegy railway station).","psg_id":"4648919"},{"title":"Budaörs Airport","text":"Budaörs to mark the occasion. All international services transferred from Budaörs shortly afterwards, and recreational flying and parachuting activities which had gone on at Ferihegy moved to Budaörs. Budaörs is now an active general aviation airport, with many light aircraft and gliders based there. It is home of several recreational- and flight training businesses, as well as of the Goldtimer Foundation, which restores and regularly gives passenger rides on its vintage aircraft, like the Lisunov Li-2, Polikarpov Po-2, Rubik R-18 Kánya and the Rubik R-11 Cimbora. Budaörs Airport Budaörs Airport (), is an airport located to the south-west of Budapest,","psg_id":"20097182"},{"title":"Mérida International Airport","text":"the left of runway 10. In 2017, 2,148,484 passengers passed through Mérida International Airport, a 10.2% increase from 2016. It became the 8th airport in the country to reach the 2 million milestone. Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International","psg_id":"5457486"},{"title":"Heathrow Airport Holdings","text":"a result, the company was delisted from the London Stock Exchange (where it had previously been part of the FTSE 100 Index) on 15 August 2006. Following the take-over, the decision was made to sell the stake in Ferihegy and this was completed in June 2007, when a consortium led by Hochtief AirPort of Germany purchased the stake. BAA expanded into international operations, including retail contracts at Boston Logan International Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Airport (through its subsidiary BAA USA, Inc.), and a management contract with the City of Indianapolis to run the Indianapolis International Airport (as BAA Indianapolis, Inc.)","psg_id":"3045345"},{"title":"Mérida International Airport","text":"Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International Airport. Mérida Center controls air traffic over the southeast part of the country. It handles both domestic and international flights, and is open 24 hours a day. It can service airplanes as large","psg_id":"5457484"},{"title":"L.A. International Airport","text":"L.A. International Airport \"L.A. International Airport\" is a song written by Leanne Scott that became an international pop hit for the American country singer Susan Raye in 1971. The song was first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970. It reached #67 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. Susan Raye recorded her version of the song in 1971, which became an international hit. It reached #9 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. On other charts, \"L.A. International Airport\" reached #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song enjoyed much greater success outside of America and was a major pop hit in","psg_id":"11523741"},{"title":"Mandalay International Airport","text":"Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11 domestic and seven international destinations, complete with a 4267-meter runway which is the longest runway in use in Southeast Asia and capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers a year. It is the main operating base of Golden Myanmar Airlines. The Mandalay International Airport project was","psg_id":"8517034"},{"title":"Mazatlán International Airport","text":"over the northwest part of the country. In 2016, the airport handled 973,440 passengers, and in 2017, the airport handled 994,283 passengers. Mazatlán International Airport General Rafael Buelna International Airport (, ), also known as Mazatlán International Airport (), is located in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. This airport is the most important in Sinaloa for its international operations, and second to Culiacan International Airport for its domestic operations. It has one terminal with two concourses. It is located on the southeastern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro","psg_id":"5265466"},{"title":"Bonriki International Airport","text":"Bonriki International Airport Bonriki International Airport is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, and Kiribati's state-owned airline, Air Kiribati, both connect Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia. This service was suspended from July 2008 to November 2009. The","psg_id":"7433528"},{"title":"Ercan International Airport","text":"Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have to stop over in Turkey. Because of these difficulties and inconveniencies, the majority of Turkish Cypriots with Republic of Cyprus passports prefer to use Larnaca International Airport, which is located in","psg_id":"5692735"},{"title":"General Santos International Airport","text":"General Santos International Airport General Santos International Airport, (stylized as General Santos City Airport)(, ), is an alternate international airport located in the city of General Santos, Philippines serving the greater area of SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Situated in Prk New Hondagua, Uhaw, Barangay Fatima, the airport is the largest airport in the island of Mindanao and is officially classified an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a government bureau which is responsible in the management and operations of General Santos International Airport and all other airports in the country except regular international airports. Inaugurated on","psg_id":"7889566"},{"title":"Benina International Airport","text":"Benina International Airport Benina International Airport () serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the town of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Bureau of Libya and is the second largest in the country after Tripoli International Airport. Benina International is also the secondary hub of both Buraq Air and flag carrier, Libyan Airlines. As of 17 July 2014 all flights to the airport were suspended due to fighting in the area. The runway length does not include a overrun on the","psg_id":"8032491"},{"title":"Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport","text":"Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) (; ) is an international airport serving southeast Sri Lanka. It is located in the town of Mattala, from Hambantota. It is the first greenfield airport and the second international airport in the country, after Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. MRIA was opened in March 2013 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who ordered the construction of the airport. Initially, several airlines flew to the airport, including SriLankan Airlines which established a hub. However, due to low demand, most of these airlines left Mattala. As of June 2018 there are no scheduled flights","psg_id":"17115961"},{"title":"La Chinita International Airport","text":"La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport, which manages about half of the international flights in Venezuela. The earlier airport was Grano de Oro (1960 diagram) Runway 03L/21R length does","psg_id":"6521137"},{"title":"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport","text":"BAA announced intentions to sell its stake in Budapest Airport to a consortium led by the German airport group, HOCHTIEF AirPort GmbH, subject to the consent of the Hungarian State. On 18 April 2007, the renovation of Terminal 1 at Ferihegy was awarded Europe's most prestigious heritage preservation prize, the Europa Nostra award. The designers, contractors, builders and investors (the latter being BA) received the joint award of the European Commission and of the pan-European heritage preservation organisation Europa Nostra for the renovation of the protected monument spaces, the central hall, the gallery and the furniture at T1. On 6","psg_id":"4648904"},{"title":"Mamamah International Airport","text":"airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035. Other related development projects are the planned bridging of \"Tagrin Bay\", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown. China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim","psg_id":"20642062"},{"title":"Dushanbe International Airport","text":"Dushanbe International Airport Dushanbe International Airport is an airport in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. It is the a main hub for Somon Air and Tajik Air, with the latter having its head office on the property. In 1924 the first airport was built in the country, in the city currently known as Dushanbe. In November 1929 a new airport was built to serve Stalinabad (past name of Dushanbe). In 1964 the current airport complex was put into operation. Over the years the airport has been reconstructed several times. A new French-built terminal, which can serve 1.5 million passengers a","psg_id":"7286393"},{"title":"Eldoret International Airport","text":"Eldoret International Airport Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya. Eldoret Airport, , is located in the city of Eldoret, in Uasin Gishu County, in the midwestern Kenya, close to the International border with Uganda. Its location is approximately , by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret. This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at above sea level, the airport has a single","psg_id":"11830734"},{"title":"Argyle International Airport","text":"late June/early July, Miami Air International from Toronto and Sun Country Airlines from New York. Air Canada Rouge made their inaugural flight from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Argyle International Airport on December 14, 2017. While Caribbean Airlines began weekly non-stop service between Argyle International Airport and New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport on March 14, 2018. On 2 May 2018, American Airlines announced new weekly nonstop flights to AIA from Miami which commenced on 15 December 2018. Year round flights from Toronto, New York City and Miami are now selling. The Argyle International Airport (AIA), which serves commercial passengers, as","psg_id":"14206543"},{"title":"Voronezh International Airport","text":"stage, which is expanding its capacity for reception and service of most modern passenger and luxury types of aircraft. Voronezh Airport supports intermodal free transportation of passengers for 13 regions of the country. Any passenger is delivered to the airport for free. Voronezh International Airport Voronezh International Airport () (also recorded as Chertovitskoye Airport) is an airport in Russia located 11 km north of Voronezh. Serves the city of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk regions. July 10, 1933 - open regular air service on the route Moscow - Voronezh - Stalingrad on multi-seat aircraft K-5 in 1971 a new","psg_id":"9270157"},{"title":"Katowice International Airport","text":"planned. There will be new railways from Siewierz and Tarnowskie Góry to Katowice International Airport. Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is","psg_id":"4834653"},{"title":"Moi International Airport","text":"Moi International Airport Moi International Airport , is the international airport of Mombasa, the second-biggest city in Kenya. It is located in Mombasa County, in a township called Port Reitz and features regional as well as intercontinental flights. Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and surrounding communities. It lies approximately , by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi during his tenure. At above sea level, the airport has two runways: Runway","psg_id":"8639703"},{"title":"Kish International Airport","text":"Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ). In 2015, under the leadership of the Organization of Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ), a new terminal is planned for construction. The new terminal would turn Kish International Airport into the 2nd largest airport of the country with a 4.5 million passengers capacity per year. 2.7 million passengers travelled through the airport that year. The Kish International Aiprort is the main host of the Iran Kish Air Show, the aviation airshow held biennially. Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the","psg_id":"9679327"},{"title":"Penang International Airport","text":"Penang International Airport Penang International Airport , within the city of George Town, is one of the busiest airports in Malaysia. The airport is located near Bayan Lepas at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, south of the city centre. Previously known as the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was opened in 1935, making it the oldest airport in the country. Penang International Airport is a medium-sized airport with frequent connections to major cities in Asia such as Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Medan, Hong Kong and Taipei, and serves as the main airport for northern Malaysia. In addition, Penang","psg_id":"4867030"},{"title":"Faisalabad International Airport","text":"from the airport. There are a number of connections from the railway station to other parts of the country. The Risalewala railway station is also located towards the south east of the airport which can be accessed via the Faisalabad Bypass. Traditional CNG powered rickshaws at the airport road entrance are quite popular amongst the local community. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Lahore in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad International Airport is","psg_id":"6408854"},{"title":"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport","text":"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017 handling over 47.2 million passengers. Its passenger traffic was about 48.5 million in fiscal year 2017-18. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also.","psg_id":"1986487"},{"title":"Katowice International Airport","text":"Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is an operating base for Enter Air, Ryanair Sun, Smartwings, Travel Service Polska and Wizz Air.","psg_id":"4834643"},{"title":"Kigali International Airport","text":"Kigali International Airport Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Gregoire Kayibanda International Airport, but sometimes referred to as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. It is the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, and in addition serves as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located in the suburb of \"Kanombe\", at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali","psg_id":"7265031"},{"title":"Shahjalal International Airport","text":"Shahjalal International Airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, ( \"Hôzrôt Shahjalal Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr\") , is the largest and most prominent international airport in Bangladesh. It is located in Kurmitola 11 miles (17 kilometres) in the northern part of the capital city Dhaka and it is also a part of \"BAF Bangabandhu Base\" used by the Bangladesh Air Force. The airport has an area of . The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) operates and maintains the airport. It started operations in 1980, taking over from Tejgaon Airport as the principal international airport of the country and was formerly known as Dacca","psg_id":"4685601"},{"title":"Ventspils International Airport","text":"Ventspils International Airport Ventspils International Airport is an airport southwest of Ventspils, Latvia. It is the newest airport and, with Liepāja International Airport and Riga International Airport, is one of the three notable airports in the country. Ventspils Airport was founded in 1939. From 1940 on it was used by Soviet Aircraft. Once 1975 an asphalt-concrete runway () and an apron () were built. At that time there was an air control dispatchers point at the aerodrome and 40-45 employees worked in the airport. The aerodrome was used by aircraft AN-24, AN-2, YAK-40, MI-2. The flight range was small and","psg_id":"3628428"},{"title":"Soledad International Airport","text":"major hub in the nation. By the summer of 1940, SCATDA had changed to Avianca, and Barranquilla became its first major hub. Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky","psg_id":"20565434"},{"title":"Soledad International Airport","text":"Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky S-38s from the main terminal at the seaplane port to many different parts of Colombia. It had also been an important stopover","psg_id":"20565431"},{"title":"Cochin International Airport","text":"buildings. which is towards last phase of construction. Cochin International Airport is listed among the 12 major airports of India. Its safety and security is handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Cochin was the third international airport and the first private airport in the country to come under the cover of CISF in 2001, after the Central Government decided to hand over airport security to CISF in the wake of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814. Security was handled by the Kerala Police; Special Branch of Kochi Police before the","psg_id":"3160593"},{"title":"Mandalay International Airport","text":"years. The previous operator was Myanmar's Ministry of Transport. In August 2013, the vendor technical team started the inspection of the airport to develop an airport Master Plan that included airport services and cargo-handling areas as well as anticipating future needs such as extending the airport’s buildings. Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11","psg_id":"8517041"},{"title":"Penang International Airport","text":"by the Penang state government to expand the airport largely went unheeded by the Malaysian federal government, even though the airport has exceeded its maximum capacity of 6.5 million passengers. In 2017, the federal authorities finally announced plans to expand the airport to accommodate 12 million passengers per year by 2029. Penang International Airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport, and handles the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports after Kuala Lumpur International Airport. , the airport posted a record 7.23","psg_id":"4867035"},{"title":"Ercan International Airport","text":"of Northern Cyprus there are no non-stop scheduled flights between Ercan and destinations outside of Turkey. However, several airlines operate direct flights from Ercan to Europe with intermediate stops in Turkey. Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have","psg_id":"5692739"},{"title":"Argyle International Airport","text":"replaced the much smaller E.T. Joshua Airport as St. Vincent and the Grenadines principal airport. During the construction of the new airport, the International Airport Development Company (IADC) faced numerous challenges and controversies, causing major delays in the construction process. This resulted in the airport being completed 5 years after the originally forecasted completion date. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts the International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA), assessing the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of each country that has carriers operating to the United States and has classified Argyle International Airport, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Caribbean Civil","psg_id":"14206511"},{"title":"Chennai International Airport","text":"near Pallavaram to which, passenger operations were shifted. The new domestic terminal was commissioned in 1985 and the international terminal was commissioned in 1989. The old terminal building is now used as a cargo terminal and is the base for the Indian courier company Blue Dart. On 23 September 1999, a centre for flowers, fruits and vegetables was commissioned at the cargo terminal. The new international departure terminal was commissioned in 2003. In 2001, Chennai Airport became the first international airport in the country to receive ISO 9001-2000 certification. During the early days, Madras Airport was one of the largest","psg_id":"2018969"},{"title":"Multan International Airport","text":"airport. There are also a number of traditional rickshaws available at the airport parking area & entrance which are quite popular to travel short distance within the city. Multan Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station only less than 3 km away from the airport to get the railway connections for the other parts of country. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Multan in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Multan International Airport Multan International Airport ()","psg_id":"7179335"},{"title":"Zvartnots International Airport","text":"Zvartnots International Airport Zvartnots International Airport (), is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within","psg_id":"3290804"},{"title":"Malacca International Airport","text":"and airlines to promote tourism in the country. There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get in a taxi right away. Mahkota Medical Centre, Putra Hospital and Pantai Hospital provide free shuttle services on a daily basis from Malacca International Airport to their hospitals. Malacca International Airport Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor. The terminal complex is equipped with international-standard amenities that can handle","psg_id":"8550088"},{"title":"Gan International Airport","text":"2012 to further develop and expand GIA. A joint venture was formed between GACL, MACL and State Trading Organization plc (STO). The new venture is Addu International Airport pvt ltd (AIA). Gan International Airport is now owned and managed by Addu International Airport pvt ltd. The airport lies at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a concrete surface measuring . Gan International Airport (GIA) is situated at the southern tip of the country, and allows international and domestic aircraft movements year-round. The Executive Terminal built for the SAARC summit in 2011 was","psg_id":"7413585"},{"title":"Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport","text":"Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Côte d'Ivoire, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the Middle East. Usually, the airport is served by over 20 airlines, covering","psg_id":"12984619"},{"title":"Hector International Airport","text":"Hector International Airport Hector International Airport is a civil-military public airport three miles (5 km) northwest of Fargo, in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The busiest airport in North Dakota, it is owned by the City of Fargo Municipal Airport Authority. Fargo Air National Guard Base is located adjacent to the airport. The airport was named after Martin Hector, who first leased, and then donated the original 50 acres of land to the city. Customs service is available for arrivals from Canada and other countries. Hector International has no scheduled passenger airline flights out of the country but has","psg_id":"1348057"},{"title":"Tampa International Airport","text":"Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and \"Landside/Airside\" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,","psg_id":"1910972"},{"title":"Norman Manley International Airport","text":"Norman Manley International Airport Norman Manley International Airport , formerly Palisadoes Airport, is an international airport serving Kingston, Jamaica and is located south of the island 19 km away from the centre of New Kingston. It is the second busiest airport in the country after Sangster International Airport, recording 1,502,973 arriving passengers in 2015. There are over 130 international flights a week that depart from Norman Manley International Airport. Named in honour of Jamaican statesman Norman Manley, it is a hub for Caribbean Airlines and Fly Jamaica Airways. It is located on the Palisadoes tombolo in outer Kingston Harbour; it","psg_id":"1931844"},{"title":"Bălți International Airport","text":"Bălți International Airport Bălți International Airport , formerly known as \"Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport\", is one of the two airports serving the city of Bălți, Moldova. Located north of the city center, in the northern part of the country, it is the second largest airport of Moldova, servicing cargo and charter flights. Another airport in the area, Bălți City Airport, located within the city limits, is primarily used for emergency interventions of regional importance. The first scheduled flights to Bălţi started on 24 June 1926, on the route Bucharest – Galați – Chișinău - Bălţi - Hotin - Cernauti. The flights","psg_id":"10922317"},{"title":"Nauru International Airport","text":"Airlines. Also located at the airport are the Republic of Nauru Civil Aviation Authority, tasked with airport security and operational management; the Directorate of Immigration, tasked with control of incoming and outgoing passengers, and the Nauru Customs Service. Nauru International Airport serves as the main hub of the national carrier, Nauru Airlines. Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using","psg_id":"7041854"},{"title":"Honiara International Airport","text":"VMSB-241 who was the first Marine aviator killed in action at the Battle of Midway while leading his squadron in an attack against Japanese carrier forces. The field was abandoned after the war, but reopened in 1969 as a modernized civilian airport. The airport is capable of accommodating Boeing 737s. Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial","psg_id":"6959403"},{"title":"Denver International Airport","text":"Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights","psg_id":"1914674"},{"title":"Nauru International Airport","text":"Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and operations began in January 1943. After the war, it was converted to a civilian airport. The airport is located in the Yaren district, just north of many of the government buildings, including the Parliament House, police station, and the secondary school. The airport holds the head office of Nauru","psg_id":"7041853"},{"title":"Sir Seretse Khama International Airport","text":"Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Sir Seretse Khama International Airport , located north of Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 and offers limited capacity to handle regional and (especially) international traffic. Nonetheless, it has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, BIH, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector.
On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,","psg_id":"6911552"},{"title":"Owen Roberts International Airport","text":"Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \"waving gallery\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The","psg_id":"1931821"},{"title":"El Alto International Airport","text":"the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of","psg_id":"5958370"},{"title":"Swansboro Country Airport","text":"Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1","psg_id":"19127166"},{"title":"Kish International Airport","text":"Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had","psg_id":"9679325"},{"title":"Da Nang International Airport","text":"Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\"VPAF\", the \"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An","psg_id":"6246652"},{"title":"Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport","text":"long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Established in","psg_id":"13380190"},{"title":"Tobías Bolaños International Airport","text":"Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district","psg_id":"6935645"},{"title":"Chinggis Khaan International Airport","text":"Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\" (, \"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade","psg_id":"1367145"},{"title":"Chiang Mai International Airport","text":"Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai","psg_id":"1924619"},{"title":"La Chinita International Airport","text":"not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,","psg_id":"6521138"},{"title":"Mamamah International Airport","text":"Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \"Songo Village\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The","psg_id":"20642061"},{"title":"Trivandrum International Airport","text":"the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi","psg_id":"2402419"},{"title":"Quetta International Airport","text":"Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs","psg_id":"7306563"},{"title":"Quetta International Airport","text":"allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.","psg_id":"7306568"},{"title":"Las Américas International Airport","text":"Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers","psg_id":"2985277"},{"title":"Hobart International Airport","text":"entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in","psg_id":"3503437"},{"title":"Lynden Pindling International Airport","text":"Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter","psg_id":"4470407"},{"title":"Kelowna International Airport","text":"the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan","psg_id":"5049486"},{"title":"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport","text":"Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The","psg_id":"5534228"},{"title":"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport","text":"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal","psg_id":"5534224"},{"title":"Kempegowda International Airport","text":"is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and","psg_id":"7134230"},{"title":"Athens International Airport","text":"Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll","psg_id":"593491"},{"title":"Rafael Núñez International Airport","text":"Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen","psg_id":"5800890"},{"title":"Honiara International Airport","text":"Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of","psg_id":"6959402"},{"title":"Argyle International Airport","text":"into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan","psg_id":"14206509"},{"title":"Aristides Pereira International Airport","text":"Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally","psg_id":"9025181"},{"title":"Grand Forks International Airport","text":"termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)","psg_id":"3274563"},{"title":"Grand Forks International Airport","text":"Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west","psg_id":"3274549"},{"title":"Limón International Airport","text":"Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as","psg_id":"7649179"},{"title":"Ahmad Yani International Airport","text":"Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military","psg_id":"8293891"},{"title":"Aristides Pereira International Airport","text":"named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30","psg_id":"9025182"},{"title":"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport","text":"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \"MEA\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \"TMA Cargo\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.","psg_id":"10778249"},{"title":"Culiacán International Airport","text":"is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and","psg_id":"17405365"},{"title":"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport","text":"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \"Salisbury Airport\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to","psg_id":"6304099"},{"title":"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport","text":"Zimbabwe has its head office on level 3 of the new International Terminal. In August 2018 Boeing Corporation announced that it in negotiations with Zimbabwean authorities to establish a regional hub for Boeing airplanes for providing training and expert technical services at the airport. Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built","psg_id":"6304104"},{"title":"Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport","text":"It is among the fastest growing airports in Mexico, the busiest in the Southwestern region and the 14th in the country. The airport reached the million-passenger milestone for the first time on November 28, 2015. Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (), also known as \"Tuxtla Gutierrez International Airport\", is an international airport serving the Mexican municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It handles air traffic for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and central Chiapas, including the popular tourist destination of San Cristóbal de las Casas. It was inaugurated by President Vicente Fox and by the State's","psg_id":"10733506"},{"title":"Lynden Pindling International Airport","text":"passengers to be processed by 2020, according to NAD. The airport contains US Border preclearance facilities allowing all US flights to operate as domestic flights upon arrival at their destination. In February 2015, the US Border Preclarence Facility installed 20 Automated Passenger Control (APC) self serve kiosks to improve the efficiency of passenger processing for US bound travelers. Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas","psg_id":"4470413"},{"title":"Southern Zone International Airport","text":"with a long runway capable of receive the Airbus A380, but this project has been recently rejected by the government because of the high cost and the environmental impact such an airport can cause. The project will have a total cost of US $42 millions and the environmental impact and other assessment studies are under way. When open, the airport will be the third largest in the country, after Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber International Airport Southern Zone International Airport Southern Zone International Airport () (this is a provisional name, as the project has not received a formal","psg_id":"16253588"},{"title":"Princess Juliana International Airport","text":"Princess Juliana International Airport Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The airport is located on the Dutch side of the island, in the country of Sint Maarten. In 2015, the airport handled 1,829,543 passengers and around 60,000 aircraft movements. The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport","psg_id":"5053058"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport () , formerly known as \\\"Budapest Ferihegy International Airport\\\" and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the Hungarian capital city of Budapest, and by far the largest of the country's four commercial airports. The airport is located southeast of the center of Budapest (bordering Pest county) and was renamed in 2011 in honour of the most famous Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferenc, in Hungarian) on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. It offers international connections primarily within Europe, but also to Africa,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"network of low-cost carriers, the airport was not only able to survive but to grow in a way that was unprecedented in the region. In 2018 LOT Polish Airlines made Budapest their first hub outside Poland, with flights to New York–JFK, Chicago–O'Hare, Kraków and London City Airport. Nowadays, the Budapest hub of Wizz Air is the largest of all with more 60 destinations worldwide. By the end of 2018, the airport hopes to reach 15 million passengers a year that would nearly be twice as much as in 2013. Originally called Budapest Ferihegy International Airport (\\\"Budapest Ferihegy Nemzetközi Repülőtér\\\"), on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"25 March 2011 it was officially renamed Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport, in honor of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt (Modern Hungarian: \\\"Liszt Ferenc\\\".) Popularly, the airport is still called Ferihegy as before. Ferihegy is the name of the neighborhood around the airport. The name is derived from that of Ferenc Xavér Mayerffy (1776–1845), the former owner of an estate who established vineyards and contributed to the development of viticulture in Pest-Buda. \\\"Feri\\\" is a diminutive form of Ferenc while \\\"hegy\\\" means hill. In fact, the area is almost totally flat; but originally there was a 147 m\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sheremetyevo International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Olympics. It was built according to the principles of design of Hannover-Langenhagen Airport and was the arrival and departure point for international flights. Flights to cities in Russia and charter flights arrived and departed from Sheremetyevo-1. There is no physical connection between the two terminal complexes; they are essentially separate airports that use the same set of runways. Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg; Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota; Sydney Airport in New South Wales, Australia; Perth Airport in Western Australia; Ferihegy in Budapest; Sofia International Airport in Bulgaria and Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, Philippines are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1915341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budaörs Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Airlines, and Transadriatica. The need for the replacement of Budaörs by a larger airport had been clear since 1939. Hills surrounding Budaörs Airport, a lack of room for expansion, and the need for longer, hard runways led the development of what would become Budapest Ferihegy International Airport. Ferihegy was ready in 1943, but bombing during World War 2 caused extensive damage to it. As Budaörs had survived the war relatively intact, it continued its service as the primary international airport until repairs at Ferihegy were completed. Ferihegy was reopened on 7 May 1950, and a Lisunov Li-2 flew in from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20097181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"state news agency MTI reports: ) In response, additional security measures were immediately implemented at Budapest Airport causing flight delays at both terminals. Unusually long passenger waiting queues were observed at the busier 2A-B terminal complex's departures area. These problems were solved over time, especially through the opening of the SkyCourt terminal including a central security zone. On 15 November 2010, Budapest Airport regained the \\\"Schengen Clear\\\"-status, after implementing the necessary security actions and after that, the airport underwent the strict re-inspection. On 16 March 2011, the name of Budapest Ferihegy International Airport was changed to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"used on this line. Another way to get to the city center from the airport is to catch a taxi. Cabs are available all day long in front of the terminal buildings. Budapest Airport's official Taxi partner is Főtaxi (Főtaxi's website) which has a taxi order stand at both arrival site's exit (outside the building). Hungarian State Railways runs suburban and long-distance services between (the now closed) Terminal 1 and Nyugati Railway Station in Budapest city center through Kőbánya-Kispest. The trip takes approximately 25 minutes. From Terminal 2 passengers need to take bus 200E to Ferihegy vasútállomás (Ferihegy railway station).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648919\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budaörs Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Budaörs to mark the occasion. All international services transferred from Budaörs shortly afterwards, and recreational flying and parachuting activities which had gone on at Ferihegy moved to Budaörs. Budaörs is now an active general aviation airport, with many light aircraft and gliders based there. It is home of several recreational- and flight training businesses, as well as of the Goldtimer Foundation, which restores and regularly gives passenger rides on its vintage aircraft, like the Lisunov Li-2, Polikarpov Po-2, Rubik R-18 Kánya and the Rubik R-11 Cimbora. Budaörs Airport Budaörs Airport (), is an airport located to the south-west of Budapest,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20097182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mérida International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the left of runway 10. In 2017, 2,148,484 passengers passed through Mérida International Airport, a 10.2% increase from 2016. It became the 8th airport in the country to reach the 2 million milestone. Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5457486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heathrow Airport Holdings\",\n \"text\": \"a result, the company was delisted from the London Stock Exchange (where it had previously been part of the FTSE 100 Index) on 15 August 2006. Following the take-over, the decision was made to sell the stake in Ferihegy and this was completed in June 2007, when a consortium led by Hochtief AirPort of Germany purchased the stake. BAA expanded into international operations, including retail contracts at Boston Logan International Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Airport (through its subsidiary BAA USA, Inc.), and a management contract with the City of Indianapolis to run the Indianapolis International Airport (as BAA Indianapolis, Inc.)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3045345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mérida International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International Airport. Mérida Center controls air traffic over the southeast part of the country. It handles both domestic and international flights, and is open 24 hours a day. It can service airplanes as large\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5457484\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"L.A. International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"L.A. International Airport \\\"L.A. International Airport\\\" is a song written by Leanne Scott that became an international pop hit for the American country singer Susan Raye in 1971. The song was first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970. It reached #67 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Singles chart. Susan Raye recorded her version of the song in 1971, which became an international hit. It reached #9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Singles chart. On other charts, \\\"L.A. International Airport\\\" reached #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song enjoyed much greater success outside of America and was a major pop hit in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11523741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mandalay International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11 domestic and seven international destinations, complete with a 4267-meter runway which is the longest runway in use in Southeast Asia and capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers a year. It is the main operating base of Golden Myanmar Airlines. The Mandalay International Airport project was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8517034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mazatlán International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"over the northwest part of the country. In 2016, the airport handled 973,440 passengers, and in 2017, the airport handled 994,283 passengers. Mazatlán International Airport General Rafael Buelna International Airport (, ), also known as Mazatlán International Airport (), is located in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. This airport is the most important in Sinaloa for its international operations, and second to Culiacan International Airport for its domestic operations. It has one terminal with two concourses. It is located on the southeastern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5265466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonriki International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Bonriki International Airport Bonriki International Airport is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, and Kiribati's state-owned airline, Air Kiribati, both connect Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia. This service was suspended from July 2008 to November 2009. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7433528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ercan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have to stop over in Turkey. Because of these difficulties and inconveniencies, the majority of Turkish Cypriots with Republic of Cyprus passports prefer to use Larnaca International Airport, which is located in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5692735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"General Santos International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"General Santos International Airport General Santos International Airport, (stylized as General Santos City Airport)(, ), is an alternate international airport located in the city of General Santos, Philippines serving the greater area of SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Situated in Prk New Hondagua, Uhaw, Barangay Fatima, the airport is the largest airport in the island of Mindanao and is officially classified an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a government bureau which is responsible in the management and operations of General Santos International Airport and all other airports in the country except regular international airports. Inaugurated on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7889566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Benina International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Benina International Airport Benina International Airport () serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the town of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Bureau of Libya and is the second largest in the country after Tripoli International Airport. Benina International is also the secondary hub of both Buraq Air and flag carrier, Libyan Airlines. As of 17 July 2014 all flights to the airport were suspended due to fighting in the area. The runway length does not include a overrun on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8032491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) (; ) is an international airport serving southeast Sri Lanka. It is located in the town of Mattala, from Hambantota. It is the first greenfield airport and the second international airport in the country, after Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. MRIA was opened in March 2013 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who ordered the construction of the airport. Initially, several airlines flew to the airport, including SriLankan Airlines which established a hub. However, due to low demand, most of these airlines left Mattala. As of June 2018 there are no scheduled flights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17115961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"La Chinita International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport, which manages about half of the international flights in Venezuela. The earlier airport was Grano de Oro (1960 diagram) Runway 03L/21R length does\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6521137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"BAA announced intentions to sell its stake in Budapest Airport to a consortium led by the German airport group, HOCHTIEF AirPort GmbH, subject to the consent of the Hungarian State. On 18 April 2007, the renovation of Terminal 1 at Ferihegy was awarded Europe's most prestigious heritage preservation prize, the Europa Nostra award. The designers, contractors, builders and investors (the latter being BA) received the joint award of the European Commission and of the pan-European heritage preservation organisation Europa Nostra for the renovation of the protected monument spaces, the central hall, the gallery and the furniture at T1. On 6\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mamamah International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035. Other related development projects are the planned bridging of \\\"Tagrin Bay\\\", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown. China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20642062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dushanbe International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Dushanbe International Airport Dushanbe International Airport is an airport in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. It is the a main hub for Somon Air and Tajik Air, with the latter having its head office on the property. In 1924 the first airport was built in the country, in the city currently known as Dushanbe. In November 1929 a new airport was built to serve Stalinabad (past name of Dushanbe). In 1964 the current airport complex was put into operation. Over the years the airport has been reconstructed several times. A new French-built terminal, which can serve 1.5 million passengers a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7286393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eldoret International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Eldoret International Airport Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya. Eldoret Airport, , is located in the city of Eldoret, in Uasin Gishu County, in the midwestern Kenya, close to the International border with Uganda. Its location is approximately , by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret. This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at above sea level, the airport has a single\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11830734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Argyle International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"late June/early July, Miami Air International from Toronto and Sun Country Airlines from New York. Air Canada Rouge made their inaugural flight from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Argyle International Airport on December 14, 2017. While Caribbean Airlines began weekly non-stop service between Argyle International Airport and New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport on March 14, 2018. On 2 May 2018, American Airlines announced new weekly nonstop flights to AIA from Miami which commenced on 15 December 2018. Year round flights from Toronto, New York City and Miami are now selling. The Argyle International Airport (AIA), which serves commercial passengers, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14206543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Voronezh International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"stage, which is expanding its capacity for reception and service of most modern passenger and luxury types of aircraft. Voronezh Airport supports intermodal free transportation of passengers for 13 regions of the country. Any passenger is delivered to the airport for free. Voronezh International Airport Voronezh International Airport () (also recorded as Chertovitskoye Airport) is an airport in Russia located 11 km north of Voronezh. Serves the city of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk regions. July 10, 1933 - open regular air service on the route Moscow - Voronezh - Stalingrad on multi-seat aircraft K-5 in 1971 a new\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9270157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Katowice International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"planned. There will be new railways from Siewierz and Tarnowskie Góry to Katowice International Airport. Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4834653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moi International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Moi International Airport Moi International Airport , is the international airport of Mombasa, the second-biggest city in Kenya. It is located in Mombasa County, in a township called Port Reitz and features regional as well as intercontinental flights. Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and surrounding communities. It lies approximately , by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi during his tenure. At above sea level, the airport has two runways: Runway\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8639703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kish International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ). In 2015, under the leadership of the Organization of Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ), a new terminal is planned for construction. The new terminal would turn Kish International Airport into the 2nd largest airport of the country with a 4.5 million passengers capacity per year. 2.7 million passengers travelled through the airport that year. The Kish International Aiprort is the main host of the Iran Kish Air Show, the aviation airshow held biennially. Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9679327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penang International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Penang International Airport Penang International Airport , within the city of George Town, is one of the busiest airports in Malaysia. The airport is located near Bayan Lepas at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, south of the city centre. Previously known as the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was opened in 1935, making it the oldest airport in the country. Penang International Airport is a medium-sized airport with frequent connections to major cities in Asia such as Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Medan, Hong Kong and Taipei, and serves as the main airport for northern Malaysia. In addition, Penang\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4867030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Faisalabad International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"from the airport. There are a number of connections from the railway station to other parts of the country. The Risalewala railway station is also located towards the south east of the airport which can be accessed via the Faisalabad Bypass. Traditional CNG powered rickshaws at the airport road entrance are quite popular amongst the local community. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Lahore in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad International Airport is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6408854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017 handling over 47.2 million passengers. Its passenger traffic was about 48.5 million in fiscal year 2017-18. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1986487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Katowice International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is an operating base for Enter Air, Ryanair Sun, Smartwings, Travel Service Polska and Wizz Air.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4834643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kigali International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Kigali International Airport Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Gregoire Kayibanda International Airport, but sometimes referred to as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. It is the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, and in addition serves as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located in the suburb of \\\"Kanombe\\\", at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7265031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shahjalal International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Shahjalal International Airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, ( \\\"Hôzrôt Shahjalal Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr\\\") , is the largest and most prominent international airport in Bangladesh. It is located in Kurmitola 11 miles (17 kilometres) in the northern part of the capital city Dhaka and it is also a part of \\\"BAF Bangabandhu Base\\\" used by the Bangladesh Air Force. The airport has an area of . The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) operates and maintains the airport. It started operations in 1980, taking over from Tejgaon Airport as the principal international airport of the country and was formerly known as Dacca\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4685601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ventspils International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Ventspils International Airport Ventspils International Airport is an airport southwest of Ventspils, Latvia. It is the newest airport and, with Liepāja International Airport and Riga International Airport, is one of the three notable airports in the country. Ventspils Airport was founded in 1939. From 1940 on it was used by Soviet Aircraft. Once 1975 an asphalt-concrete runway () and an apron () were built. At that time there was an air control dispatchers point at the aerodrome and 40-45 employees worked in the airport. The aerodrome was used by aircraft AN-24, AN-2, YAK-40, MI-2. The flight range was small and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3628428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soledad International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"major hub in the nation. By the summer of 1940, SCATDA had changed to Avianca, and Barranquilla became its first major hub. Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565434\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soledad International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky S-38s from the main terminal at the seaplane port to many different parts of Colombia. It had also been an important stopover\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cochin International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"buildings. which is towards last phase of construction. Cochin International Airport is listed among the 12 major airports of India. Its safety and security is handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Cochin was the third international airport and the first private airport in the country to come under the cover of CISF in 2001, after the Central Government decided to hand over airport security to CISF in the wake of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814. Security was handled by the Kerala Police; Special Branch of Kochi Police before the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3160593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mandalay International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"years. The previous operator was Myanmar's Ministry of Transport. In August 2013, the vendor technical team started the inspection of the airport to develop an airport Master Plan that included airport services and cargo-handling areas as well as anticipating future needs such as extending the airport’s buildings. Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8517041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penang International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"by the Penang state government to expand the airport largely went unheeded by the Malaysian federal government, even though the airport has exceeded its maximum capacity of 6.5 million passengers. In 2017, the federal authorities finally announced plans to expand the airport to accommodate 12 million passengers per year by 2029. Penang International Airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport, and handles the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports after Kuala Lumpur International Airport. , the airport posted a record 7.23\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4867035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ercan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"of Northern Cyprus there are no non-stop scheduled flights between Ercan and destinations outside of Turkey. However, several airlines operate direct flights from Ercan to Europe with intermediate stops in Turkey. Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5692739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Argyle International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"replaced the much smaller E.T. Joshua Airport as St. Vincent and the Grenadines principal airport. During the construction of the new airport, the International Airport Development Company (IADC) faced numerous challenges and controversies, causing major delays in the construction process. This resulted in the airport being completed 5 years after the originally forecasted completion date. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts the International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA), assessing the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of each country that has carriers operating to the United States and has classified Argyle International Airport, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Caribbean Civil\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14206511\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chennai International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"near Pallavaram to which, passenger operations were shifted. The new domestic terminal was commissioned in 1985 and the international terminal was commissioned in 1989. The old terminal building is now used as a cargo terminal and is the base for the Indian courier company Blue Dart. On 23 September 1999, a centre for flowers, fruits and vegetables was commissioned at the cargo terminal. The new international departure terminal was commissioned in 2003. In 2001, Chennai Airport became the first international airport in the country to receive ISO 9001-2000 certification. During the early days, Madras Airport was one of the largest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2018969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Multan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"airport. There are also a number of traditional rickshaws available at the airport parking area & entrance which are quite popular to travel short distance within the city. Multan Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station only less than 3 km away from the airport to get the railway connections for the other parts of country. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Multan in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Multan International Airport Multan International Airport ()\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7179335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Zvartnots International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Zvartnots International Airport Zvartnots International Airport (), is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3290804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Malacca International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"and airlines to promote tourism in the country. There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get in a taxi right away. Mahkota Medical Centre, Putra Hospital and Pantai Hospital provide free shuttle services on a daily basis from Malacca International Airport to their hospitals. Malacca International Airport Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor. The terminal complex is equipped with international-standard amenities that can handle\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8550088\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"2012 to further develop and expand GIA. A joint venture was formed between GACL, MACL and State Trading Organization plc (STO). The new venture is Addu International Airport pvt ltd (AIA). Gan International Airport is now owned and managed by Addu International Airport pvt ltd. The airport lies at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a concrete surface measuring . Gan International Airport (GIA) is situated at the southern tip of the country, and allows international and domestic aircraft movements year-round. The Executive Terminal built for the SAARC summit in 2011 was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7413585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Côte d'Ivoire, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the Middle East. Usually, the airport is served by over 20 airlines, covering\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12984619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hector International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Hector International Airport Hector International Airport is a civil-military public airport three miles (5 km) northwest of Fargo, in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The busiest airport in North Dakota, it is owned by the City of Fargo Municipal Airport Authority. Fargo Air National Guard Base is located adjacent to the airport. The airport was named after Martin Hector, who first leased, and then donated the original 50 acres of land to the city. Customs service is available for arrivals from Canada and other countries. Hector International has no scheduled passenger airline flights out of the country but has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1348057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tampa International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and \\\"Landside/Airside\\\" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1910972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Norman Manley International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Manley International Airport Norman Manley International Airport , formerly Palisadoes Airport, is an international airport serving Kingston, Jamaica and is located south of the island 19 km away from the centre of New Kingston. It is the second busiest airport in the country after Sangster International Airport, recording 1,502,973 arriving passengers in 2015. There are over 130 international flights a week that depart from Norman Manley International Airport. Named in honour of Jamaican statesman Norman Manley, it is a hub for Caribbean Airlines and Fly Jamaica Airways. It is located on the Palisadoes tombolo in outer Kingston Harbour; it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1931844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bălți International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Bălți International Airport Bălți International Airport , formerly known as \\\"Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport\\\", is one of the two airports serving the city of Bălți, Moldova. Located north of the city center, in the northern part of the country, it is the second largest airport of Moldova, servicing cargo and charter flights. Another airport in the area, Bălți City Airport, located within the city limits, is primarily used for emergency interventions of regional importance. The first scheduled flights to Bălţi started on 24 June 1926, on the route Bucharest – Galați – Chișinău - Bălţi - Hotin - Cernauti. The flights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10922317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nauru International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Airlines. Also located at the airport are the Republic of Nauru Civil Aviation Authority, tasked with airport security and operational management; the Directorate of Immigration, tasked with control of incoming and outgoing passengers, and the Nauru Customs Service. Nauru International Airport serves as the main hub of the national carrier, Nauru Airlines. Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7041854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Honiara International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"VMSB-241 who was the first Marine aviator killed in action at the Battle of Midway while leading his squadron in an attack against Japanese carrier forces. The field was abandoned after the war, but reopened in 1969 as a modernized civilian airport. The airport is capable of accommodating Boeing 737s. Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6959403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Denver International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1914674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nauru International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and operations began in January 1943. After the war, it was converted to a civilian airport. The airport is located in the Yaren district, just north of many of the government buildings, including the Parliament House, police station, and the secondary school. The airport holds the head office of Nauru\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7041853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Seretse Khama International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Sir Seretse Khama International Airport , located north of Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 and offers limited capacity to handle regional and (especially) international traffic. Nonetheless, it has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, BIH, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector.
On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6911552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Owen Roberts International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \\\"waving gallery\\\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1931821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"El Alto International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5958370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swansboro Country Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19127166\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kish International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9679325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Da Nang International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\\\"VPAF\\\", the \\\"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\\\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6246652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \\\"general aviation\\\" facility. Established in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13380190\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tobías Bolaños International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6935645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chinggis Khaan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \\\"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\\\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \\\"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\\\" (, \\\"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\\\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1367145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiang Mai International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1924619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"La Chinita International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6521138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mamamah International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \\\"Songo Village\\\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20642061\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trivandrum International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2402419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Quetta International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7306563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Quetta International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7306568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Las Américas International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2985277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hobart International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3503437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lynden Pindling International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470407\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kelowna International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5049486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5534228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5534224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kempegowda International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7134230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Athens International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll\",\n \"psg_id\": \"593491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rafael Núñez International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5800890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Honiara International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6959402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Argyle International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14206509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aristides Pereira International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9025181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Forks International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \\\"international\\\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3274563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Forks International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \\\"international\\\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3274549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Limón International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7649179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ahmad Yani International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8293891\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aristides Pereira International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9025182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \\\"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\\\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \\\"MEA\\\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \\\"TMA Cargo\\\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10778249\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culiacán International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17405365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \\\"Harare International Airport\\\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \\\"Salisbury Airport\\\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6304099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Zimbabwe has its head office on level 3 of the new International Terminal. In August 2018 Boeing Corporation announced that it in negotiations with Zimbabwean authorities to establish a regional hub for Boeing airplanes for providing training and expert technical services at the airport. Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \\\"Harare International Airport\\\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6304104\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"It is among the fastest growing airports in Mexico, the busiest in the Southwestern region and the 14th in the country. The airport reached the million-passenger milestone for the first time on November 28, 2015. Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (), also known as \\\"Tuxtla Gutierrez International Airport\\\", is an international airport serving the Mexican municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It handles air traffic for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and central Chiapas, including the popular tourist destination of San Cristóbal de las Casas. It was inaugurated by President Vicente Fox and by the State's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10733506\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lynden Pindling International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"passengers to be processed by 2020, according to NAD. The airport contains US Border preclearance facilities allowing all US flights to operate as domestic flights upon arrival at their destination. In February 2015, the US Border Preclarence Facility installed 20 Automated Passenger Control (APC) self serve kiosks to improve the efficiency of passenger processing for US bound travelers. Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Southern Zone International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"with a long runway capable of receive the Airbus A380, but this project has been recently rejected by the government because of the high cost and the environmental impact such an airport can cause. The project will have a total cost of US $42 millions and the environmental impact and other assessment studies are under way. When open, the airport will be the third largest in the country, after Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber International Airport Southern Zone International Airport Southern Zone International Airport () (this is a provisional name, as the project has not received a formal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16253588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Princess Juliana International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Princess Juliana International Airport Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The airport is located on the Dutch side of the island, in the country of Sint Maarten. In 2015, the airport handled 1,829,543 passengers and around 60,000 aircraft movements. The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5053058\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["maďarsko","magyarorszag","ungarn","magyar köztársaság","hungarian republic","hungarian republic of 1989","hongarije","hungery","architecture of hungary","magyar koeztarsasag","magyarország","austrian empire (hungary)","hungary","hungría","hungray","iso 3166-1:hu","hongrie","hungary","republic of hungary","ungheria","magyar koztarsasag","hungary","hungarian holidays"],"string":"[\n \"maďarsko\",\n \"magyarorszag\",\n \"ungarn\",\n \"magyar köztársaság\",\n \"hungarian republic\",\n \"hungarian republic of 1989\",\n \"hongarije\",\n \"hungery\",\n \"architecture of hungary\",\n \"magyar koeztarsasag\",\n \"magyarország\",\n \"austrian empire (hungary)\",\n \"hungary\",\n \"hungría\",\n \"hungray\",\n \"iso 3166-1:hu\",\n \"hongrie\",\n \"hungary\",\n \"republic of hungary\",\n \"ungheria\",\n \"magyar koztarsasag\",\n \"hungary\",\n \"hungarian holidays\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":579,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the defending champion when virginia wade won the wimbledon singles?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"illness. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Chris O'Neil. 1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Chris Evert was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Virginia Wade. Wade defeated Betty Stöve in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. As of 2017 Wade remains the last British woman to win a Wimbledon singles title. This was the first time Wimbledon seeded more than 8 players for the ladies' championship, increasing the number (for this year only) to twelve players. The number increased","psg_id":"10151356"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"illness. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Chris O'Neil. 1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Chris Evert was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Virginia Wade. Wade defeated Betty Stöve in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. As of 2017 Wade remains the last British woman to win a Wimbledon singles title. This was the first time Wimbledon seeded more than 8 players for the ladies' championship, increasing the number (for this year only) to twelve players. The number increased\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151356\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from Great Britain. She won three Grand Slam singles championships and four Grand Slam doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all four Grand Slam tournaments. She was ranked as high as No. 2 in the world in singles, and No. 1 in the world in doubles. Three times a Grand Slam singles champion, her most famous success was winning Wimbledon on 1 July 1977, the tournament's centenary year, and the year of the Silver Jubilee of","psg_id":"1503006"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena","psg_id":"20199650"},{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"years. She retired from singles competition at the end of the 1985 tennis season, and then from doubles at the end of 1986. In 1983, at the age of 37, she won the Italian Open women's doubles championship, along with her teammate Virginia Ruzici of Romania. The 26 times that Wade played at Wimbledon is an all-time record, 24 of those times being in the women's singles. Since 1981, while she was still playing, Wade has been a reporter on tennis events for the BBC. In 1982, she became the first woman to be elected to the Wimbledon Committee. Wade","psg_id":"1503012"},{"title":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams defeated her sister, the two-time defending champion Venus Williams, in the final, 7–6, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships. This was Serena's third Wimbledon singles title and eleventh Grand Slam singles title overall. It was also the third time she had won a Grand Slam title after saving a match point against her, in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva. Venus Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992","psg_id":"13482491"},{"title":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit of the defending champion at Wimbledon since Steffi Graf's first round defeat in 1994. Angelique Kerber won her third Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in the rematch of the 2016 final, 6–3, 6–3. Kerber became the first German since Graf in 1996 to lift the trophy. Simona Halep, Caroline Wozniacki and Sloane Stephens were in contention for the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the start of the","psg_id":"20458626"},{"title":"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2003 Wimbledon Championships. It was Federer's first Grand Slam tournament win, and the","psg_id":"7110415"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Muguruza became the first Spanish woman to make the Wimbledon final since Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in 1996. Muguruza won the title two years later. This tournament is notable for being the first grand slam main draw appearance of 2017 French Open champion Jeļena Ostapenko. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her","psg_id":"18836324"},{"title":"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"was replaced by the next highest non-seeded player Radek Štěpánek, who became the #35 seed. 2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title","psg_id":"7110417"},{"title":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic defeated the defending champion Rafael Nadal in the final, 6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first Wimbledon and third Grand Slam title, having previously won the 2008 and 2011 Australian Open. In losing to Djokovic in the final, Nadal ended his 20-match Wimbledon winning streak dating back to 2008, having missed the 2009 championships due to injury. This was also the first time since 2002 that neither Roger Federer nor Nadal had won Wimbledon. Both Nadal and Djokovic were","psg_id":"15680051"},{"title":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"of a Grand Slam after Jerzy Janowicz defeated countryman Łukasz Kubot in the quarterfinals. Andy Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the final in straight sets, 6–4, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1936, ending a 76-year drought, as well as the first British winner in singles since Virginia Wade won the women's event in 1977. He was also the first Scot to win the Wimbledon title since Harold Mahony in 1896. Djokovic had advanced to the final","psg_id":"16711082"},{"title":"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Smith \"(Semifinals)\" 1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus","psg_id":"10148542"},{"title":"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus Williams. Margaret","psg_id":"10148541"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"reached the fourth round before losing to Halep. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon","psg_id":"20199653"},{"title":"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"at age 47, the oldest player in the Open Era to win a main draw match at Wimbledon. Serena Williams \"(Final)\" 2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \"the most stunning upset in memory\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who","psg_id":"7100152"},{"title":"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Gulbis withdrew due to a muscle tear in his right thigh. He was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Philipp Petzschner, who became the #33 seed. 2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all","psg_id":"14670138"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating her sister Serena Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. This was Venus's fifth Wimbledon title and her seventh Grand Slam singles title overall. This was also the second time she won a Grand Slam tournament without losing a set. The top four seeds, Ana Ivanovic, Jelena Janković, Maria Sharapova and Svetlana Kuznetsova were in contention for the WTA No. 1 ranking. Ivanovic retained the top ranking despite losing in the","psg_id":"12084337"},{"title":"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1998 Wimbledon Championships. This was Novotná's first win in a Wimbledon final on her third attempt. This would be the last time a Czech player would win Wimbledon (or win a Grand Slam title) until Petra Kvitová won in 2011. The 1998 final was the first time in the Open Era since the 1980","psg_id":"10151839"},{"title":"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and last Grand Slam title, having won the Australian Open earlier in the year. Mauresmo also became the","psg_id":"8128431"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th seed Thomas Muster in the draw, when Muster withdrew shortly before the start of the tournament. A number of high-seeded men were eliminated early, including 1992 champion Andre Agassi","psg_id":"7111589"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. Williams, ranked 31st at the time and seeded 23rd, remains the lowest ranked and lowest seeded woman ever to win Wimbledon. This was Williams' fourth Wimbledon singles title and she also became the first female champion to earn the same prize money as the male champion, following the tournament's decision to award equal pay for the","psg_id":"10377957"},{"title":"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"the Calendar Grand Slam in the Open Era. Margaret Court (Champion) 1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam","psg_id":"10151338"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, as Rafael Nadal, Stan Wawrinka, and Novak Djokovic all failed to gain enough ranking points to surpass him. Roger Federer won the title, achieving his unprecedented eighth Wimbledon Gentleman's Singles Title and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4. Federer thus became the only player to win the Gentleman's singles title","psg_id":"20199632"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"sustain the challenge. In the end, Djokovic won in 4 sets. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players","psg_id":"18898944"},{"title":"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all but three). Federer's loss, along those with Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Roddick were out at the fourth round, ensured that will have a first time Wimbledon finalist from the","psg_id":"14670135"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her second non-calendar year Grand Slam after winning the 2014 US Open, 2015 Australian Open and 2015 French Open and she also became the first player since Steffi Graf in 1988 to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon all in the same calendar year.","psg_id":"18836323"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the second set. Graf then came back winning 12 of the next 13 games and the match. Steffi Graf (Champion)","psg_id":"10151412"},{"title":"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \"the most stunning upset in memory\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who was to become a future world No. 1, entered the top ten for the first time in her career. She also","psg_id":"7100150"},{"title":"The Championships, Wimbledon","text":"with the other three \"Major or Grand Slam\" events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked amateur players, professional players were prohibited from participating. This changed with the advent of the open era in 1968. No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013, while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively. The Championship was first televised in 1937. Though properly called \"The Championships, Wimbledon\", depending on sources the event is also known as","psg_id":"906201"},{"title":"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest ever Wimbledon semi-final at four hours and one minute long. It would not be until the 2013 championships that this record would be broken, when the semi-final match between Novak Djokovic and Juan Martín del Potro would last four hours and forty-three minutes. John McEnroe reached the semi-finals, his best showing in","psg_id":"7123705"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while it marked Sánchez Vicario's last appearance in the ladies' Wimbledon final. Steffi Graf (Champion) Chanda Rubin withdrew due to","psg_id":"10151837"},{"title":"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male Grand Slam singles champion at . This latter","psg_id":"7123577"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"injury. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Karina Habšudová, who became the #17 seed. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while","psg_id":"10151838"},{"title":"2010 Wimbledon Championships","text":"of 2010. Queen Elizabeth II visited Wimbledon on Thursday 24 June, her first visit to the annual tennis tournament in 33 years. The last time the Queen had attended the championships was in 1977, when she watched British player Virginia Wade win the ladies' singles title. Arriving shortly after 11am, the Queen's visit included a tour of the grounds and an observation session of the All England Club's Wimbledon Junior Tennis Initiative on Court 14, before moving to the Members' Lawn where she greeted a line-up of players: the defending champions in singles Serena Williams and Roger Federer, multiple-time Wimbledon","psg_id":"13550300"},{"title":"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the victory, Graf captured her third Wimbledon Singles Championship, while it proved to be Sabatini's third and final appearance in a Grand Slam final. Steffi Graf (Champion) The original #1","psg_id":"10151820"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title by beating Roger Federer in a rematch of the 2014 final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3. The title was Djokovic's third at Wimbledon and ninth Grand Slam singles title overall, as well as his second major win of the year. Federer was vying to become the first man to win Wimbledon eight times. Federer became the first male player in the Open Era to reach 10 finals at a single Grand Slam. 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt played in his final Wimbledon appearance, losing to","psg_id":"18833776"},{"title":"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"She reached the fourth round as a wildcard before being defeated by Kim Clijsters. Amélie Mauresmo (Champion) 2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and","psg_id":"8128433"},{"title":"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam of the year, thus also becoming the first woman to complete","psg_id":"10151337"},{"title":"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"last appearance in a Grand Slam singles final. Navratilova became the oldest player to reach a Grand Slam singles final, at 37 years, 8 months and 14 days old. It was also Navratilova's 12th appearance in the Wimbledon singles final, an Open Era record. Steffi Graf \"(First round)\" Mary Pierce withdrew due to personal reasons. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Helena Suková, who became the #17 seed. 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one","psg_id":"10151830"},{"title":"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated compatriot and world No. 1 Lindsay Davenport in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 9–7 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest Wimbledon women's championship match in history, lasting two hours and 45 minutes. She became the first woman since Helen Wills in 1935 and the 1st in the open era to win the Wimbledon title after saving a match point against her. This was Venus's third Wimbledon singles title,","psg_id":"5956856"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Claudia Kohde-Kilsch withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Shaun Stafford. 1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the","psg_id":"10151413"},{"title":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated in the third round by the No. 28 seed Sam Querrey. This was his first defeat before the quarterfinals of a major tournament since the 2009 French Open, a streak of 28 quarterfinal appearances in a row. The defeat also broke his streak of four consecutive major tournament victories, dating back to the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. Andy Murray won his third major and second Wimbledon title defeating Milos Raonic in the final, 6–4, 7–6, 7–6. Raonic became the first Canadian male","psg_id":"19554504"},{"title":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Serena Williams. Serena Williams defeated Agnieszka Radwańska in the final, 6–1, 5–7, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Yaroslava Shvedova became the first player in the Open Era to win a 'golden set' at Wimbledon, winning the first set of her 6–0, 6–4 victory over 2012 French Open runner-up Sara Errani in the third round without dropping a single point. Sabine Lisicki defeated the reigning French Open champion for her third straight Wimbledon. She defeated","psg_id":"16595528"},{"title":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"came from Europe. Caroline Wozniacki \"(Fourth round)\" 2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the","psg_id":"15680084"},{"title":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the first time since 1913, all eight quarterfinalists","psg_id":"15680083"},{"title":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but lost to Sabine Lisicki in the fourth round, ending a 34-match winning streak dating back to the Miami Open. This was the fourth time in a row that Lisicki had defeated the reigning French Open champion at Wimbledon, comprising wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2009, Li Na in 2011, Maria Sharapova in 2012, and Williams in 2013 (Lisicki did not play Wimbledon in 2010). 2007 finalist Marion Bartoli defeated Lisicki in the final in straight sets, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the","psg_id":"16711124"},{"title":"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"in the first round by Croatian qualifier Mario Ančić, his last defeat at Wimbledon before his record-tying five straight Wimbledon-titles between 2003-07. The 1996 champion Richard Krajicek also made his final appearance at Wimbledon, reaching the quarterfinals before losing to Xavier Malisse of Belgium. Lleyton Hewitt (Champion) The original #5 seed Tommy Haas withdrew due to personal reasons before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 6-32 moved up one place, and a new #32 seed was added. 2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World","psg_id":"7110228"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After","psg_id":"7123702"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After","psg_id":"7123700"},{"title":"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Djokovic replaced Nadal as the World No. 1, taking the top position for the first time since October 2013. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the","psg_id":"17968744"},{"title":"1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Mary Joe Fernández withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Anna Ivan. 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Zina Garrison. This was the first time since the 1986 US Open that Graf did not reach a Grand Slam final, ending a record of 13 consecutive major finals. Martina Navratilova defeated Garrison in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships. This was Navratilova's ninth singles title at Wimbledon, which would be her","psg_id":"8118832"},{"title":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Anna Kournikova, who became the #17 seed. 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129","psg_id":"7090776"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"that he was seeded throughout and this is reflected in the final issue of the programme. He was indeed replaced by lucky loser Anders Järryd in the main draw. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th","psg_id":"7111591"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"first time that year. Bartoli reached her first Grand Slam final after a semifinal victory over world No. 1 Justine Henin that was described as one of the biggest shocks in Wimbledon history. Though she lost the final, she would eventually win the Wimbledon title six years later in her final Grand Slam tournament. Justine Henin \"(Semifinals)\" 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon","psg_id":"10377958"},{"title":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Roger Federer. Federer defeated Andy Murray in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. It was his seventh Wimbledon title and seventeenth Grand Slam title. With the win, Federer also regained the world No. 1 ranking. Federer thus equalled both William Renshaw and Pete Sampras' record of seven Wimbledon titles, as well as Sampras' record of 286 weeks as world No. 1; Federer broke the latter record on 16 July 2012.","psg_id":"16595276"},{"title":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1994 Wimbledon Championships. 2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets.","psg_id":"19554509"},{"title":"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open. John McEnroe \"(Quarterfinals)\" 1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles","psg_id":"7123578"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"third round to Zheng Jie. Janković, Sharapova and Kuznetsova also lost in the first four rounds, it marked the first time in Wimbledon history that none of the top four women's seeds had advanced to at least the quarterfinals. Zheng's feat of reaching the semifinals made her the first Chinese player of either sex to reach a Grand Slam singles semifinal, and the first wild card ever to reach the semifinals of the women's singles event at Wimbledon. Ana Ivanovic \"(Third round)\" 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating","psg_id":"12084338"},{"title":"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"fifth Grand Slam singles title overall, and her first since the 2001 US Open. The first week of the tournament was headlined by two major upsets – Justine Henin-Hardenne's first round defeat marked the first time in the Open Era the reigning French Open champion had lost their opening match at Wimbledon, while Serena Williams's loss in the third round was her earliest exit at any Grand Slam tournament since the 1999 French Open. Lindsay Davenport \"(Final)\" 2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated","psg_id":"5956857"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"of all time. Nadal would also beat Federer in five sets at the 2009 Australian Open, and Federer would beat Nadal in five sets in the final of the 2017 Australian Open. Due to construction of a new retractable roof, this was the only Wimbledon final played without the upper facade which had been removed. 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger","psg_id":"17545258"},{"title":"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The final match included a tie-breaker played at 8–8 in the second set; the first ever Wimbledon singles","psg_id":"9951443"},{"title":"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the first player to reach the quarterfinals on his Wimbledon debut since Florian Mayer in 2004. Kyrgios also became the lowest-ranked player to","psg_id":"17968742"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players tied one to one on grass and one to one in","psg_id":"18898940"},{"title":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"last time where an American male player reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam until Sam Querrey reached the semifinals of the 2017 Wimbledon Championships eight years later. Rafael Nadal \"(Withdrew)\" 2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of","psg_id":"13482483"},{"title":"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"a Grand Slam tournament since the 1985 US Open final. The tournament also featured the first appearances of future champions Pete Sampras and Michael Stich in the main draw. Mats Wilander was about to complete the career Grand Slam in his career and losing to McEnroe in the quarterfinals. Ivan Lendl \"(Semifinals)\" 1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest","psg_id":"7123706"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer against the world No. 2 Rafael Nadal. After 3 hours and 45 minutes, Federer defeated Nadal 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 2–6, 6–2. Upon its conclusion it was almost universally praised as the greatest Wimbledon final since Borg–McEnroe in 1980. Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal have a storied rivalry that many consider to be the greatest","psg_id":"17545252"},{"title":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"tournament. Halep retained the No. 1 ranking after Wozniacki and Stephens lost in the second and first rounds, respectively. With all top ten seeds losing before the quarterfinals, it was the worst overall Wimbledon performance of the top ten women's seeds in the Open Era. This was also the first time in the Open Era that none of the top four women's singles seeds reached the fourth round at Wimbledon. 2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit","psg_id":"20458627"},{"title":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets. In addition to","psg_id":"19554507"},{"title":"2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Greg Rusedski, Vince Spadea ended his \"historic\" losing streak of 21 matches, the longest such streak in open era. Pete Sampras (Champion) 2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title for the fourth consecutive year, defeating Pat Rafter in the final, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2000 Wimbledon Championships. Sampras' 7th Wimbledon title equalled William Renshaw's record, and was an Open Era record in the Gentleman's Singles until 2017, when Roger Federer won his 8th title. His victory was his 13th Grand Slam title, surpassing Roy Emerson as","psg_id":"7089065"},{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"Queen Elizabeth II (the Queen attended Wimbledon for the first time since 1962 to watch the final). Wade was the last British tennis player to have won a Grand Slam singles tournament until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012. She remains the most recent British woman to have won a Grand Slam singles title. After retiring from competitive tennis, she coached for four years and has also worked as a tennis commentator and game analyst for the BBC and Eurosport. On 10 July 1945, Wade was born in Bournemouth, England. Her father was the Archdeacon of Durban. At","psg_id":"1503007"},{"title":"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one consecutive quarter-final appearances dating back to the 1985 US Open. This also marked the first time in the Open Era that a Grand Slam defending champion had lost in the first round. The defending Grand Slam champion would not lose in the first round until the 2003 Australian Open. Conchita Martínez defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 to win the title. It was Martínez's only Grand Slam title, and Navratilova's","psg_id":"10151829"},{"title":"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"final to include a tie-break. Ilie Năstase \"(Fourth round)\" The original seeding list before the boycott was: 1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The","psg_id":"9951444"},{"title":"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"competed. Jim Courier \"(Third round)\" 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the","psg_id":"7124882"},{"title":"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year after winning","psg_id":"7124880"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Bozoljac. 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \"(Final)\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser","psg_id":"12080204"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \"(Final)\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Ilija","psg_id":"12080203"},{"title":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"day later to Agassi, who in addition to his run to the Wimbledon Final, had recently won the 1999 French Open. This tournament is also notable as being the last Grand Slam in which former World No. 1 Boris Becker would compete and the first Wimbledon appearances for future champions Lleyton Hewitt and Roger Federer. Pete Sampras (Champion) 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. With this win, his sixth at Wimbledon, Sampras broke","psg_id":"7088702"},{"title":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of games played) in Grand Slam tournament history with 77 games, breaking the record of 71 games set at the 1927 Australian Open. The match also had the longest fifth set (16–14)","psg_id":"13482481"},{"title":"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"seed Monica Seles withdrew due to injury before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 2-15 moved up one place, and a new #16 seed was added. 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the","psg_id":"10151821"},{"title":"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Levy, who became the #33 and #34 seeds respectively. 2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the","psg_id":"7107793"},{"title":"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt defeated David Nalbandian in the final, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships. It was Hewitt's second Grand Slam title, after winning the 2001 US Open. Hewitt was also the first Australian to win the title since Pat Cash in 1987. The 2002 Championships made history due to the unprecedentedly poor results of the top players. With the exception of Lleyton Hewitt and world no. 4 Tim Henman,","psg_id":"7110226"},{"title":"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Australian Open, none of the Grand Slam finalists were former Grand Slam Champions. The next time that none of the Grand Slam champions would feature in a Wimbledon final would not come until 2013. Martina Hingis \"(Semifinals)\" Anna Kournikova withdrew due to a thumb injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Lilia Osterloh. 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title","psg_id":"10151840"},{"title":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129 Jelena Dokic; prior to this event, Hingis had reached the semifinals of every Grand","psg_id":"7090774"},{"title":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and top seed, but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Anderson despite leading by two sets to love and having a match point in the third set. Novak Djokovic claimed his fourth Wimbledon title, defeating Anderson in the final 6–2, 6–2, 7–6. The win moved him to 13 grand slam titles, and outright fourth place on the all time men's singles grand slam wins list, passing Roy Emerson. The win was also Djokovic's first title on the ATP tour for over 12 months, his last win coming at","psg_id":"20458621"},{"title":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"In reaching the final, Andy Murray became the first British man to make it to the final since Don Budge defeated Bunny Austin in 1938. The championships was also notable for one of the biggest upsets in recent years as World No. 100 Lukáš Rosol beat World No. 2 and two-time Wimbledon champion Rafael Nadal in the second round, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. The loss ended Nadal's season as he did not play tennis again until February 2013 at the Chile Open. Novak Djokovic \"(Semifinals)\" 2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost","psg_id":"16595277"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"Wimbledon Championships, the two men had combined to win 14 of the previous 16 Grand Slam titles. The 2008 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the third consecutive year in which Federer and Nadal had met in the finals of Wimbledon. Federer had won not only both previous meetings, but had also been the Wimbledon champion five years in a row and was now trying to become champion for a sixth consecutive year. Nadal, on the other hand, had just won the French Open for the fourth time in a row and was trying to achieve the rare French Open-Wimbledon double.","psg_id":"14681794"},{"title":"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the Wimbledon title. Ivanišević became the first unseeded player to","psg_id":"7107791"},{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1986 Birthday Honours for services to Lawn Tennis. In 1989, Wade was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island. Wade now lives in the USA although keeps a cottage and the family home in Kent. (Source: WTA) SR = the ratio of the number of singles tournaments won to the number played. Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from","psg_id":"1503013"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"the second time to beat a world No 1 player, the first was Djokovic at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships. For the first time since the 2005 Australian Open, David Ferrer was not seeded at a Grand Slam and the first time since the 2004 US Open that fellow Spaniard Guillermo García López did not play at a Grand Slam, ending his streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No.","psg_id":"20199635"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Steve Darcis (135th) in 2013, and Nick Kyrgios (144th) in 2014. This was the first major since the 2002 US Open where Spaniard David Ferrer (world number eight) did not participate in as he withdrew with an elbow injury that occurred in the lead up tournament at the 2015 Queen's Club Championships. This ended Ferrer's streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. This is also the first Grand Slam main draw appearance for future three-time Masters 1000 champion and world number 3 Alexander Zverev. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and","psg_id":"18833778"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships","text":"held one week later than in previous seasons, giving a three-week gap from the end of the 2015 French Open. The change, announced in 2012, is intended to provide players more time for recuperation and preparatory grass-court tournaments. Novak Djokovic of Serbia won his third Wimbledon title in men's singles, defending his championship from 2014. Petra Kvitová of the Czech Republic was the defending champion in women's singles, but she lost to Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza in the final, 6–4, 6–4. She also","psg_id":"18244029"},{"title":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"after an epic and gruelling five-set semifinal against Juan Martín del Potro. At 4 hours and 43 minutes this match made history as the longest semifinal ever contested at Wimbledon, breaking the previous record set by Boris Becker and Ivan Lendl at the 1989 Championships. Novak Djokovic \"(Final)\" 2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion but he lost in the second round in a huge upset to World No. 116 Sergiy Stakhovsky from Ukraine. Stakhovsky was unable to build on his effort and lost in the next round in 4 sets to Jürgen Melzer. Federer's","psg_id":"16711083"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from Great Britain. She won three Grand Slam singles championships and four Grand Slam doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all four Grand Slam tournaments. She was ranked as high as No. 2 in the world in singles, and No. 1 in the world in doubles. Three times a Grand Slam singles champion, her most famous success was winning Wimbledon on 1 July 1977, the tournament's centenary year, and the year of the Silver Jubilee of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503006\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"years. She retired from singles competition at the end of the 1985 tennis season, and then from doubles at the end of 1986. In 1983, at the age of 37, she won the Italian Open women's doubles championship, along with her teammate Virginia Ruzici of Romania. The 26 times that Wade played at Wimbledon is an all-time record, 24 of those times being in the women's singles. Since 1981, while she was still playing, Wade has been a reporter on tennis events for the BBC. In 1982, she became the first woman to be elected to the Wimbledon Committee. Wade\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams defeated her sister, the two-time defending champion Venus Williams, in the final, 7–6, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships. This was Serena's third Wimbledon singles title and eleventh Grand Slam singles title overall. It was also the third time she had won a Grand Slam title after saving a match point against her, in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva. Venus Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13482491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit of the defending champion at Wimbledon since Steffi Graf's first round defeat in 1994. Angelique Kerber won her third Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in the rematch of the 2016 final, 6–3, 6–3. Kerber became the first German since Graf in 1996 to lift the trophy. Simona Halep, Caroline Wozniacki and Sloane Stephens were in contention for the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the start of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2003 Wimbledon Championships. It was Federer's first Grand Slam tournament win, and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110415\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Muguruza became the first Spanish woman to make the Wimbledon final since Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in 1996. Muguruza won the title two years later. This tournament is notable for being the first grand slam main draw appearance of 2017 French Open champion Jeļena Ostapenko. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18836324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"was replaced by the next highest non-seeded player Radek Štěpánek, who became the #35 seed. 2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic defeated the defending champion Rafael Nadal in the final, 6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first Wimbledon and third Grand Slam title, having previously won the 2008 and 2011 Australian Open. In losing to Djokovic in the final, Nadal ended his 20-match Wimbledon winning streak dating back to 2008, having missed the 2009 championships due to injury. This was also the first time since 2002 that neither Roger Federer nor Nadal had won Wimbledon. Both Nadal and Djokovic were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15680051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"of a Grand Slam after Jerzy Janowicz defeated countryman Łukasz Kubot in the quarterfinals. Andy Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the final in straight sets, 6–4, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1936, ending a 76-year drought, as well as the first British winner in singles since Virginia Wade won the women's event in 1977. He was also the first Scot to win the Wimbledon title since Harold Mahony in 1896. Djokovic had advanced to the final\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Smith \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10148542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus Williams. Margaret\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10148541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"reached the fourth round before losing to Halep. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"at age 47, the oldest player in the Open Era to win a main draw match at Wimbledon. Serena Williams \\\"(Final)\\\" 2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \\\"the most stunning upset in memory\\\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7100152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Gulbis withdrew due to a muscle tear in his right thigh. He was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Philipp Petzschner, who became the #33 seed. 2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14670138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating her sister Serena Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. This was Venus's fifth Wimbledon title and her seventh Grand Slam singles title overall. This was also the second time she won a Grand Slam tournament without losing a set. The top four seeds, Ana Ivanovic, Jelena Janković, Maria Sharapova and Svetlana Kuznetsova were in contention for the WTA No. 1 ranking. Ivanovic retained the top ranking despite losing in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12084337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1998 Wimbledon Championships. This was Novotná's first win in a Wimbledon final on her third attempt. This would be the last time a Czech player would win Wimbledon (or win a Grand Slam title) until Petra Kvitová won in 2011. The 1998 final was the first time in the Open Era since the 1980\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and last Grand Slam title, having won the Australian Open earlier in the year. Mauresmo also became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8128431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th seed Thomas Muster in the draw, when Muster withdrew shortly before the start of the tournament. A number of high-seeded men were eliminated early, including 1992 champion Andre Agassi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7111589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. Williams, ranked 31st at the time and seeded 23rd, remains the lowest ranked and lowest seeded woman ever to win Wimbledon. This was Williams' fourth Wimbledon singles title and she also became the first female champion to earn the same prize money as the male champion, following the tournament's decision to award equal pay for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10377957\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the Calendar Grand Slam in the Open Era. Margaret Court (Champion) 1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, as Rafael Nadal, Stan Wawrinka, and Novak Djokovic all failed to gain enough ranking points to surpass him. Roger Federer won the title, achieving his unprecedented eighth Wimbledon Gentleman's Singles Title and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4. Federer thus became the only player to win the Gentleman's singles title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"sustain the challenge. In the end, Djokovic won in 4 sets. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18898944\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all but three). Federer's loss, along those with Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Roddick were out at the fourth round, ensured that will have a first time Wimbledon finalist from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14670135\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her second non-calendar year Grand Slam after winning the 2014 US Open, 2015 Australian Open and 2015 French Open and she also became the first player since Steffi Graf in 1988 to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon all in the same calendar year.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18836323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the second set. Graf then came back winning 12 of the next 13 games and the match. Steffi Graf (Champion)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \\\"the most stunning upset in memory\\\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who was to become a future world No. 1, entered the top ten for the first time in her career. She also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7100150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Championships, Wimbledon\",\n \"text\": \"with the other three \\\"Major or Grand Slam\\\" events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked amateur players, professional players were prohibited from participating. This changed with the advent of the open era in 1968. No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013, while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively. The Championship was first televised in 1937. Though properly called \\\"The Championships, Wimbledon\\\", depending on sources the event is also known as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"906201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest ever Wimbledon semi-final at four hours and one minute long. It would not be until the 2013 championships that this record would be broken, when the semi-final match between Novak Djokovic and Juan Martín del Potro would last four hours and forty-three minutes. John McEnroe reached the semi-finals, his best showing in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while it marked Sánchez Vicario's last appearance in the ladies' Wimbledon final. Steffi Graf (Champion) Chanda Rubin withdrew due to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male Grand Slam singles champion at . This latter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"injury. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Karina Habšudová, who became the #17 seed. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships\",\n \"text\": \"of 2010. Queen Elizabeth II visited Wimbledon on Thursday 24 June, her first visit to the annual tennis tournament in 33 years. The last time the Queen had attended the championships was in 1977, when she watched British player Virginia Wade win the ladies' singles title. Arriving shortly after 11am, the Queen's visit included a tour of the grounds and an observation session of the All England Club's Wimbledon Junior Tennis Initiative on Court 14, before moving to the Members' Lawn where she greeted a line-up of players: the defending champions in singles Serena Williams and Roger Federer, multiple-time Wimbledon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13550300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the victory, Graf captured her third Wimbledon Singles Championship, while it proved to be Sabatini's third and final appearance in a Grand Slam final. Steffi Graf (Champion) The original #1\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151820\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title by beating Roger Federer in a rematch of the 2014 final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3. The title was Djokovic's third at Wimbledon and ninth Grand Slam singles title overall, as well as his second major win of the year. Federer was vying to become the first man to win Wimbledon eight times. Federer became the first male player in the Open Era to reach 10 finals at a single Grand Slam. 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt played in his final Wimbledon appearance, losing to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18833776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"She reached the fourth round as a wildcard before being defeated by Kim Clijsters. Amélie Mauresmo (Champion) 2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8128433\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam of the year, thus also becoming the first woman to complete\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"last appearance in a Grand Slam singles final. Navratilova became the oldest player to reach a Grand Slam singles final, at 37 years, 8 months and 14 days old. It was also Navratilova's 12th appearance in the Wimbledon singles final, an Open Era record. Steffi Graf \\\"(First round)\\\" Mary Pierce withdrew due to personal reasons. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Helena Suková, who became the #17 seed. 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151830\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated compatriot and world No. 1 Lindsay Davenport in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 9–7 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest Wimbledon women's championship match in history, lasting two hours and 45 minutes. She became the first woman since Helen Wills in 1935 and the 1st in the open era to win the Wimbledon title after saving a match point against her. This was Venus's third Wimbledon singles title,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5956856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Claudia Kohde-Kilsch withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Shaun Stafford. 1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated in the third round by the No. 28 seed Sam Querrey. This was his first defeat before the quarterfinals of a major tournament since the 2009 French Open, a streak of 28 quarterfinal appearances in a row. The defeat also broke his streak of four consecutive major tournament victories, dating back to the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. Andy Murray won his third major and second Wimbledon title defeating Milos Raonic in the final, 6–4, 7–6, 7–6. Raonic became the first Canadian male\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19554504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Serena Williams. Serena Williams defeated Agnieszka Radwańska in the final, 6–1, 5–7, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Yaroslava Shvedova became the first player in the Open Era to win a 'golden set' at Wimbledon, winning the first set of her 6–0, 6–4 victory over 2012 French Open runner-up Sara Errani in the third round without dropping a single point. Sabine Lisicki defeated the reigning French Open champion for her third straight Wimbledon. She defeated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16595528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"came from Europe. Caroline Wozniacki \\\"(Fourth round)\\\" 2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15680084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the first time since 1913, all eight quarterfinalists\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15680083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but lost to Sabine Lisicki in the fourth round, ending a 34-match winning streak dating back to the Miami Open. This was the fourth time in a row that Lisicki had defeated the reigning French Open champion at Wimbledon, comprising wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2009, Li Na in 2011, Maria Sharapova in 2012, and Williams in 2013 (Lisicki did not play Wimbledon in 2010). 2007 finalist Marion Bartoli defeated Lisicki in the final in straight sets, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"in the first round by Croatian qualifier Mario Ančić, his last defeat at Wimbledon before his record-tying five straight Wimbledon-titles between 2003-07. The 1996 champion Richard Krajicek also made his final appearance at Wimbledon, reaching the quarterfinals before losing to Xavier Malisse of Belgium. Lleyton Hewitt (Champion) The original #5 seed Tommy Haas withdrew due to personal reasons before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 6-32 moved up one place, and a new #32 seed was added. 2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Djokovic replaced Nadal as the World No. 1, taking the top position for the first time since October 2013. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17968744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Joe Fernández withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Anna Ivan. 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Zina Garrison. This was the first time since the 1986 US Open that Graf did not reach a Grand Slam final, ending a record of 13 consecutive major finals. Martina Navratilova defeated Garrison in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships. This was Navratilova's ninth singles title at Wimbledon, which would be her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8118832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Anna Kournikova, who became the #17 seed. 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7090776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"that he was seeded throughout and this is reflected in the final issue of the programme. He was indeed replaced by lucky loser Anders Järryd in the main draw. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7111591\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"first time that year. Bartoli reached her first Grand Slam final after a semifinal victory over world No. 1 Justine Henin that was described as one of the biggest shocks in Wimbledon history. Though she lost the final, she would eventually win the Wimbledon title six years later in her final Grand Slam tournament. Justine Henin \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10377958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Roger Federer. Federer defeated Andy Murray in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. It was his seventh Wimbledon title and seventeenth Grand Slam title. With the win, Federer also regained the world No. 1 ranking. Federer thus equalled both William Renshaw and Pete Sampras' record of seven Wimbledon titles, as well as Sampras' record of 286 weeks as world No. 1; Federer broke the latter record on 16 July 2012.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16595276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships. 2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19554509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open. John McEnroe \\\"(Quarterfinals)\\\" 1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"third round to Zheng Jie. Janković, Sharapova and Kuznetsova also lost in the first four rounds, it marked the first time in Wimbledon history that none of the top four women's seeds had advanced to at least the quarterfinals. Zheng's feat of reaching the semifinals made her the first Chinese player of either sex to reach a Grand Slam singles semifinal, and the first wild card ever to reach the semifinals of the women's singles event at Wimbledon. Ana Ivanovic \\\"(Third round)\\\" 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12084338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"fifth Grand Slam singles title overall, and her first since the 2001 US Open. The first week of the tournament was headlined by two major upsets – Justine Henin-Hardenne's first round defeat marked the first time in the Open Era the reigning French Open champion had lost their opening match at Wimbledon, while Serena Williams's loss in the third round was her earliest exit at any Grand Slam tournament since the 1999 French Open. Lindsay Davenport \\\"(Final)\\\" 2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5956857\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"of all time. Nadal would also beat Federer in five sets at the 2009 Australian Open, and Federer would beat Nadal in five sets in the final of the 2017 Australian Open. Due to construction of a new retractable roof, this was the only Wimbledon final played without the upper facade which had been removed. 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17545258\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The final match included a tie-breaker played at 8–8 in the second set; the first ever Wimbledon singles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9951443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the first player to reach the quarterfinals on his Wimbledon debut since Florian Mayer in 2004. Kyrgios also became the lowest-ranked player to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17968742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players tied one to one on grass and one to one in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18898940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"last time where an American male player reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam until Sam Querrey reached the semifinals of the 2017 Wimbledon Championships eight years later. Rafael Nadal \\\"(Withdrew)\\\" 2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13482483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"a Grand Slam tournament since the 1985 US Open final. The tournament also featured the first appearances of future champions Pete Sampras and Michael Stich in the main draw. Mats Wilander was about to complete the career Grand Slam in his career and losing to McEnroe in the quarterfinals. Ivan Lendl \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer against the world No. 2 Rafael Nadal. After 3 hours and 45 minutes, Federer defeated Nadal 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 2–6, 6–2. Upon its conclusion it was almost universally praised as the greatest Wimbledon final since Borg–McEnroe in 1980. Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal have a storied rivalry that many consider to be the greatest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17545252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"tournament. Halep retained the No. 1 ranking after Wozniacki and Stephens lost in the second and first rounds, respectively. With all top ten seeds losing before the quarterfinals, it was the worst overall Wimbledon performance of the top ten women's seeds in the Open Era. This was also the first time in the Open Era that none of the top four women's singles seeds reached the fourth round at Wimbledon. 2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets. In addition to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19554507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Greg Rusedski, Vince Spadea ended his \\\"historic\\\" losing streak of 21 matches, the longest such streak in open era. Pete Sampras (Champion) 2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title for the fourth consecutive year, defeating Pat Rafter in the final, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2000 Wimbledon Championships. Sampras' 7th Wimbledon title equalled William Renshaw's record, and was an Open Era record in the Gentleman's Singles until 2017, when Roger Federer won his 8th title. His victory was his 13th Grand Slam title, surpassing Roy Emerson as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7089065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"Queen Elizabeth II (the Queen attended Wimbledon for the first time since 1962 to watch the final). Wade was the last British tennis player to have won a Grand Slam singles tournament until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012. She remains the most recent British woman to have won a Grand Slam singles title. After retiring from competitive tennis, she coached for four years and has also worked as a tennis commentator and game analyst for the BBC and Eurosport. On 10 July 1945, Wade was born in Bournemouth, England. Her father was the Archdeacon of Durban. At\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one consecutive quarter-final appearances dating back to the 1985 US Open. This also marked the first time in the Open Era that a Grand Slam defending champion had lost in the first round. The defending Grand Slam champion would not lose in the first round until the 2003 Australian Open. Conchita Martínez defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 to win the title. It was Martínez's only Grand Slam title, and Navratilova's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"final to include a tie-break. Ilie Năstase \\\"(Fourth round)\\\" The original seeding list before the boycott was: 1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9951444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"competed. Jim Courier \\\"(Third round)\\\" 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7124882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year after winning\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7124880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Bozoljac. 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \\\"(Final)\\\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12080204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \\\"(Final)\\\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Ilija\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12080203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"day later to Agassi, who in addition to his run to the Wimbledon Final, had recently won the 1999 French Open. This tournament is also notable as being the last Grand Slam in which former World No. 1 Boris Becker would compete and the first Wimbledon appearances for future champions Lleyton Hewitt and Roger Federer. Pete Sampras (Champion) 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. With this win, his sixth at Wimbledon, Sampras broke\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7088702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of games played) in Grand Slam tournament history with 77 games, breaking the record of 71 games set at the 1927 Australian Open. The match also had the longest fifth set (16–14)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13482481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"seed Monica Seles withdrew due to injury before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 2-15 moved up one place, and a new #16 seed was added. 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Levy, who became the #33 and #34 seeds respectively. 2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7107793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt defeated David Nalbandian in the final, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships. It was Hewitt's second Grand Slam title, after winning the 2001 US Open. Hewitt was also the first Australian to win the title since Pat Cash in 1987. The 2002 Championships made history due to the unprecedentedly poor results of the top players. With the exception of Lleyton Hewitt and world no. 4 Tim Henman,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110226\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Australian Open, none of the Grand Slam finalists were former Grand Slam Champions. The next time that none of the Grand Slam champions would feature in a Wimbledon final would not come until 2013. Martina Hingis \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" Anna Kournikova withdrew due to a thumb injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Lilia Osterloh. 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129 Jelena Dokic; prior to this event, Hingis had reached the semifinals of every Grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7090774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and top seed, but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Anderson despite leading by two sets to love and having a match point in the third set. Novak Djokovic claimed his fourth Wimbledon title, defeating Anderson in the final 6–2, 6–2, 7–6. The win moved him to 13 grand slam titles, and outright fourth place on the all time men's singles grand slam wins list, passing Roy Emerson. The win was also Djokovic's first title on the ATP tour for over 12 months, his last win coming at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458621\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"In reaching the final, Andy Murray became the first British man to make it to the final since Don Budge defeated Bunny Austin in 1938. The championships was also notable for one of the biggest upsets in recent years as World No. 100 Lukáš Rosol beat World No. 2 and two-time Wimbledon champion Rafael Nadal in the second round, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. The loss ended Nadal's season as he did not play tennis again until February 2013 at the Chile Open. Novak Djokovic \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16595277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"Wimbledon Championships, the two men had combined to win 14 of the previous 16 Grand Slam titles. The 2008 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the third consecutive year in which Federer and Nadal had met in the finals of Wimbledon. Federer had won not only both previous meetings, but had also been the Wimbledon champion five years in a row and was now trying to become champion for a sixth consecutive year. Nadal, on the other hand, had just won the French Open for the fourth time in a row and was trying to achieve the rare French Open-Wimbledon double.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14681794\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the Wimbledon title. Ivanišević became the first unseeded player to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7107791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1986 Birthday Honours for services to Lawn Tennis. In 1989, Wade was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island. Wade now lives in the USA although keeps a cottage and the family home in Kent. (Source: WTA) SR = the ratio of the number of singles tournaments won to the number played. Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the second time to beat a world No 1 player, the first was Djokovic at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships. For the first time since the 2005 Australian Open, David Ferrer was not seeded at a Grand Slam and the first time since the 2004 US Open that fellow Spaniard Guillermo García López did not play at a Grand Slam, ending his streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Darcis (135th) in 2013, and Nick Kyrgios (144th) in 2014. This was the first major since the 2002 US Open where Spaniard David Ferrer (world number eight) did not participate in as he withdrew with an elbow injury that occurred in the lead up tournament at the 2015 Queen's Club Championships. This ended Ferrer's streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. This is also the first Grand Slam main draw appearance for future three-time Masters 1000 champion and world number 3 Alexander Zverev. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18833778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships\",\n \"text\": \"held one week later than in previous seasons, giving a three-week gap from the end of the 2015 French Open. The change, announced in 2012, is intended to provide players more time for recuperation and preparatory grass-court tournaments. Novak Djokovic of Serbia won his third Wimbledon title in men's singles, defending his championship from 2014. Petra Kvitová of the Czech Republic was the defending champion in women's singles, but she lost to Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza in the final, 6–4, 6–4. She also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18244029\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"after an epic and gruelling five-set semifinal against Juan Martín del Potro. At 4 hours and 43 minutes this match made history as the longest semifinal ever contested at Wimbledon, breaking the previous record set by Boris Becker and Ivan Lendl at the 1989 Championships. Novak Djokovic \\\"(Final)\\\" 2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion but he lost in the second round in a huge upset to World No. 116 Sergiy Stakhovsky from Ukraine. Stakhovsky was unable to build on his effort and lost in the next round in 4 sets to Jürgen Melzer. Federer's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711083\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["chrissie evert","chris evert-lloyd","christine marie evert","chris evert","chris evert lloyd","christine marie %22chris%22 evert","christine evert","christine m. evert"],"string":"[\n \"chrissie evert\",\n \"chris evert-lloyd\",\n \"christine marie evert\",\n \"chris evert\",\n \"chris evert lloyd\",\n \"christine marie %22chris%22 evert\",\n \"christine evert\",\n \"christine m. evert\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":580,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the youngest female tennis player to win the us open?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"2010 US Open (tennis)","text":"on their team's order of finish. The invitees for this year's event included a host of past US Open champions, including sixteen-time US Open champion Martina Navratilova, two-time women's singles champion Tracy Austin (1979, 1981) and 1988 men's singles champion Mats Wilander, as well as the Champion Invitational's first \"Hall of Fame team\": 2010 International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva, who teamed to win three US Open women's doubles titles, and Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, collectively known as The Woodies, who won back-to-back men's doubles championships in 1995 and 1996. Also scheduled to compete","psg_id":"13823714"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"on their team's order of finish. The invitees for this year's event included a host of past US Open champions, including sixteen-time US Open champion Martina Navratilova, two-time women's singles champion Tracy Austin (1979, 1981) and 1988 men's singles champion Mats Wilander, as well as the Champion Invitational's first \\\"Hall of Fame team\\\": 2010 International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva, who teamed to win three US Open women's doubles titles, and Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, collectively known as The Woodies, who won back-to-back men's doubles championships in 1995 and 1996. Also scheduled to compete\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13823714\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique Kerber defeated Karolína Plíšková in the women's singles to become the first German player to win the tournament since Steffi Graf in 1996. 2015 women's singles champion Flavia Pennetta did not defend her title as she had retired","psg_id":"19618778"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"US$25,000 each. Beginning in 1975, the tournament was played on clay courts instead of grass, and floodlights allowed matches to be played at night. In 1978, the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the larger and newly constructed USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. The tournament's court surface also switched from clay to hard. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on three surfaces (grass, clay, and hard), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win US Open singles titles on two surfaces","psg_id":"866817"},{"title":"2008 US Open (tennis)","text":"the first American to win a singles title since Andy Roddick in 2003. Twin brothers Bob and Mike Bryan won their second US Open title, and Liezel Huber (who became an American citizen in 2007) won the women's doubles with Zimbabwean Cara Black. The International Tennis Federation and United States Tennis Association offered audiences a number of new ways to access the Open in 2008. A YouTube channel was set up to broadcast highlights, and the official US Open website featured hourly updates of what was happening at the tournament. Multiple matches could be accessed at any one time, on","psg_id":"10523448"},{"title":"2007 US Open (tennis)","text":"the 2007 US Open are as follows: 2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set.","psg_id":"9836760"},{"title":"1975 US Open (tennis)","text":"1975 US Open (tennis) The 1975 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 7 September. It was the 95th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1975. During the final three years at the Forest Hills location, 1975-1977, the US Open was played on a green-colored Har-Tru clay surface, a surface slightly harder and faster than red clay. The switch came after player complaints about the poor state and uneven","psg_id":"8181199"},{"title":"2007 US Open (tennis)","text":"2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set. It was the second Grand Slam she","psg_id":"9836739"},{"title":"1970 US Open (tennis)","text":"1970 US Open (tennis) The 1970 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 13 September. It was the 90th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1970. It was the first Grand Slam tournament in which the tiebreak was used to decide the set at a 6-6 score. It differed from the current tie-break scoring in that it was won by the first player to reach five points with a","psg_id":"8181457"},{"title":"2013 US Open (tennis)","text":"following player received entry as a lucky loser: The following players received entry as lucky losers: The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or personal reasons. 2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August","psg_id":"16711175"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"US$33.6 million, a record US$8.1 million increase from 2012. The champions of the 2013 US Open Series also had the opportunity to add US$2.6 million in bonus prize money, potentially bringing the total 2013 US Open purse to more than US$36 million. In 2014, the prize money was US$38.3 million. In 2015, the prize money was raised to US$42.3 million. Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the US Open through the years but presently singles players receive the following points: US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis","psg_id":"866828"},{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"at the end of the 2015 season. This tournament turned out to be the last one in the career of former No.1 player in the world and 2008 French Open women's singles champion Ana Ivanovic, who announced her retirement from professional tennis at the end of the year. The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and was","psg_id":"19618779"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's singles was first played in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year. The other three, in chronological order, are the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon. The US Open starts on the last Monday of August and continues for two weeks, with the middle weekend coinciding with the U.S.","psg_id":"866808"},{"title":"1993 US Open (tennis)","text":"also seen watching the Open on TV, where the reporter can be heard crediting a match win to Natalia Baudone, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5, over Mary Pierce. Pierce won the actual match 6–0, 6–7, 7–6. Kramer becomes a 'ballman' for the tournament later in the episode and accidentally injures Monica Seles in the final. Seles did not play in the tournament that year owing to an incident in April 1993 which prevented her from playing competitive tennis until August 1995. 1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National","psg_id":"8180747"},{"title":"2011 US Open (tennis)","text":"6–3 for her first Grand Slam title. Stosur thus became the first Australian female player to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the men's singles, both Nadal and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the second consecutive year. This time, Djokovic won 6–2, 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 for his first US Open title. Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The USTA announced that the 2011 US Open purse has increased by more than one million dollars to reach a record $23.7 million.","psg_id":"15503955"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"(clay and hard). The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception. During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed to \"USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center\" in honor of Billie Jean King, a four-time US Open singles champion and women's tennis pioneer. From 1984 through 2015, the US Open deviated from traditional scheduling practices for tennis tournaments with a concept that came to be known as \"Super Saturday\": the men's and women's finals were played on the final Saturday and Sunday of the tournament respectively, and their respective","psg_id":"866818"},{"title":"2015 US Open (tennis)","text":"Flavia Pennetta won the Women's Singles title and became the first Italian to win the US Open. The 2015 US Open was the 135th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is part of the 2015 ATP World Tour and the 2015 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category. The tournament consists of both men's and women's singles and doubles draws as","psg_id":"18220661"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"women's singles final, which was pushed into primetime by rain delays. Since 1978, the US Open has been played on a hard court surface called Pro DecoTurf. It is a multi-layer cushioned surface and classified by the International Tennis Federation as medium-fast. Each August before the start of the tournament, the courts are resurfaced. Since 2005, all US Open and US Open Series tennis courts have been painted a shade of blue (trademarked as \"U.S. Open Blue\") inside the lines to make it easier for players, spectators, and television viewers to see the ball. The area outside the lines is","psg_id":"866824"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"money (US$40,912,000) accounts for 80.9 percent of total player base compensation, while men's and women's doubles (US$6,140,840), men's and women's singles qualifying (US$3,008,000), and mixed doubles (US$505,000) account for 12.1 percent, 5.9 percent, and 1.0 percent, respectively. The prize money for the wheelchair draw amounts to a total of US$350,000. The singles winners of the men and women draws receive US$31,200 and the winner of the quad singles receives US$23,400. The United States Tennis Association in 2012 agreed to increase the US Open prize money to US$50,400,000 by 2017. As a result, the prize money for the 2013 tournament was","psg_id":"866827"},{"title":"1978 US Open (tennis)","text":"1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was played at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows after having been organized at the","psg_id":"8181135"},{"title":"2000 US Open (tennis)","text":"2000 US Open (tennis) The 2000 US Open was held between August 28 – September 10, 2000. It was the final Grand Slam event of 2000. Both Andre Agassi and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences; Agassi being upset in the second round by Arnaud Clément and Williams losing in the quarter-finals to Lindsay Davenport. Marat Safin won his first US Open title and first of two Grand Slams, defeating Pete Sampras in the final, and Venus Williams defeated Davenport to win the women's title. Marat Safin defeated Pete Sampras, 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 Venus Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport,","psg_id":"5227405"},{"title":"2008 US Open (tennis)","text":"2008 US Open (tennis) The 2008 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 128th edition of the US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States, from August 25 through September 8, 2008. The men's defending champion, Roger Federer, won the US Open for a fifth consecutive time. Justine Henin, the women's defending champion, did not return to defend her title due to her retirement from tennis, for personal","psg_id":"10523446"},{"title":"1977 US Open (tennis)","text":"1977 US Open (tennis) The 1977 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 11 September. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows","psg_id":"8181161"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"Labor Day holiday. The tournament consists of five primary championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The tournament also includes events for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a non-profit organization, and the chairperson of the US Open is Katrina Adams. Revenue from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television contracts are used to develop tennis","psg_id":"866809"},{"title":"1978 US Open (tennis)","text":"Per Hjertquist defeated Stefan Simonsson, 7-6, 1-6, 7-6 Linda Siegel defeated Ivanna Madruga, 6–4, 6-4 1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was","psg_id":"8181137"},{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"goes to both the men's and women's singles champions. This made the US Open the most lucrative and highest paying tennis grand slam in the world, leapfrogging Wimbledon in total prize money fund. Prize money for the US Open qualifying tournament is also up 10 percent, to $1.9 million. On top of listed above, $600,000 will contribute Champions Invitational events prize money, while $1,478,000 is estimated as players' \"per diem\". A total of men's and women's singles prize money ($36,324,000) will account for more than 78% of total player compensation, while doubles ($5,463,000) and mixed doubles ($500,000) – for 12%","psg_id":"19618785"},{"title":"2009 US Open (tennis)","text":"a protected ranking: 2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open","psg_id":"12846872"},{"title":"2009 US Open (tennis)","text":"2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open after being granted","psg_id":"12846834"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"courts just outside the East Gate) consisting of four \"show courts\" (Arthur Ashe Stadium, Louis Armstrong Stadium, the Grandstand, and Court 17), 13 field courts, and 5 practice courts. The main court is the 23,771-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened in 1997. A US$180 million retractable roof was added in 2016. The stadium is named after Arthur Ashe, the African-American who won the men's singles title at the inaugural US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970, and Wimbledon in 1975 and who was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1985. The next largest court is","psg_id":"866821"},{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"service game to lead, before Kerber levelled the set at 3–3. With the match at 5–4, Plíšková served to stay in the match but Kerber won it in a love game to secure her first US Open title. 2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique","psg_id":"19618790"},{"title":"2013 US Open (tennis)","text":"2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August 26 to September 9. Andy Murray and Serena Williams were the defending champions in the singles events. Williams successfully defended her title, but Murray was defeated in the quarterfinals by Stanislas Wawrinka. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles. The 2013 US Open was the 133rd edition of the","psg_id":"16711171"},{"title":"1973 US Open (tennis)","text":"1973 US Open (tennis) The 1973 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 9 September. It was the 93rd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1973. It was the first year the boy's championship was held. The 1973 US Open was the first Grand Slam offering equal prize money to both men and women. John Newcombe defeated Jan Kodeš, 6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 Margaret Court defeated Evonne Goolagong,","psg_id":"8181384"},{"title":"2011 US Open (tennis)","text":"players who withdrew from the event. Rankings are as of 22 August. Below are the lists of the wild card awardees entering in the main draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2011 US Open (tennis) The 2011 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United","psg_id":"15503959"},{"title":"2015 US Open (tennis)","text":"four tennis majors (the French Open is split between Tennis Channel for cable coverage and NBC for over-the-air coverage, with portions previously sub-licensed to ESPN until 2016). Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The US Open total prize money for 2015 was increased by 10.5 percent to a record $42,253,400, which potentially could reach almost 45 million dollars, as the top three finishers in the Emirates Airline US Open Series may earn up an additional $2.625 million in bonus money at the US Open. Of the","psg_id":"18220666"},{"title":"1994 US Open – Men's Singles","text":"1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show","psg_id":"8420775"},{"title":"1969 US Open (tennis)","text":"1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship was the first time in grand slam","psg_id":"8181469"},{"title":"1969 US Open (tennis)","text":"Françoise Dürr / Dennis Ralston, 7–5, 6–3 1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship","psg_id":"8181471"},{"title":"1979 US Open (tennis)","text":"6–4 Betty Stöve / Wendy Turnbull defeated Billie Jean King Martina Navratilova 7–5, 6–3 Greer Stevens / Bob Hewitt defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 6–3, 7–5 Scott Davis defeated Jan Gunnarson 6–3, 6–1 Alycia Moulton defeated Mary Lou Piatek 7–6, 7–6 1979 US Open (tennis) The 1979 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 99th edition of the US Open and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from","psg_id":"8181134"},{"title":"1968 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Billie Jean King, 4–6, 9–7, 8–6 No mixed doubles at the 1968 US Open. Results often seen are those of the 1968 US National Championships held a month earlier in Boston. 1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first","psg_id":"10856028"},{"title":"2015 US Open (tennis)","text":"2015 US Open (tennis) The 2015 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 135th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Marin Čilić was the defending champion in the men's singles event, but lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion in the women's singles event and was also trying to complete the calendar Grand Slam, but she lost to Roberta Vinci in the semifinals.","psg_id":"18220660"},{"title":"2017 US Open (tennis)","text":"2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Experimental rules featured in qualifying for the main draw as well as in the junior, wheelchair and exhibition events. Stan Wawrinka and Angelique Kerber were the previous year's men's and women's singles champions. Neither managed to defend their title as Wawrinka withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a knee injury","psg_id":"19772949"},{"title":"2014 US Open (tennis)","text":"were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from","psg_id":"17547443"},{"title":"2014 US Open (tennis)","text":"2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury, while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women's event. In the men's singles competition, Marin Čilić won his maiden","psg_id":"17547436"},{"title":"2018 US Open (tennis)","text":"the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his","psg_id":"20458655"},{"title":"2018 US Open (tennis)","text":"2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his semifinal match against Juan Martín del Potro. Stephens was defeated in the quarterfinals by Anastasija Sevastova, whom Stephens had beaten at the same stage the previous","psg_id":"20458645"},{"title":"2017 US Open (tennis)","text":"21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. The following players were given wildcards to the main draw based on internal selection and recent performances. The qualifying competitions took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center on 22 – 25 August 2017. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open","psg_id":"19772956"},{"title":"1996 US Open (tennis)","text":"Durie / Tom Gorman (Abandoned due to rain) 1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa","psg_id":"8180675"},{"title":"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award","text":"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \"experts\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee. Through the 2001 iteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements","psg_id":"10026227"},{"title":"1983 US Open (tennis)","text":"1983 US Open (tennis) The 1983 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 103rd edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 11, 1983. The event was marred by the death of linesman Dick Wertheim from blunt cranial trauma after an errant serve by Stefan Edberg struck his groin, causing him to fall and hit his head. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert","psg_id":"8181035"},{"title":"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award","text":"over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \"experts\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.","psg_id":"10026228"},{"title":"1989 US Open (tennis)","text":"and the final), three women's singles matches (two semifinals and the final), one men's doubles match (the final), two women's doubles matches (a semifinal and the final) and one mixed doubles match (the final). 1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5,","psg_id":"8180830"},{"title":"1984 US Open (tennis)","text":"In the process, they also began charging separate admission for each of the two sessions on the last Saturday of the fortnight. 1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg /","psg_id":"8181013"},{"title":"1980 US Open (tennis)","text":"7–6 , 7–5 Wendy Turnbull / Marty Riessen defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 7–5, 6–2 Mike Falberg defeated Eric Wilborts 6–7, 6–3, 6–3 Susan Mascarin defeated Kathrin Keil 6–3, 6–4 1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková","psg_id":"8181102"},{"title":"1980 US Open (tennis)","text":"1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 5–7, 6–1, 6–1 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated John McEnroe / Peter Fleming 7–5, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova defeated Pam Shriver / Betty Stöve","psg_id":"8181101"},{"title":"1982 US Open (tennis)","text":"1982 US Open (tennis) The 1982 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 102nd edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 12, 1982. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 6–3, 6–1 Kevin Curren / Steve Denton defeated Victor Amaya / Hank Pfister 6–2, 6–7, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Wendy Turnbull defeated Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh 6–4, 6–4 Anne Smith","psg_id":"8181041"},{"title":"1984 US Open (tennis)","text":"1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Anne Hobbs / Wendy Turnbull 6–2, 6–4 Manuela Maleeva / Tom","psg_id":"8181008"},{"title":"1985 US Open (tennis)","text":"1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 8, 1985. Ivan Lendl defeated John McEnroe 7–6, 6–3, 6–4 Hana Mandlíková defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 1–6, 7–6 Ken Flach / Robert Seguso defeated Henri Leconte / Yannick Noah 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 6–0 Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Helena Suková defeated Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver 6–7, 6–2, 6–3 Martina Navratilova","psg_id":"8180977"},{"title":"1986 US Open (tennis)","text":"1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1986. Ivan Lendl defeated Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–2 Andrés Gómez / Slobodan Živojinović defeated Joakim Nyström / Mats Wilander 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Hana Mandlíková / Wendy Turnbull 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 Raffaella Reggi","psg_id":"8180939"},{"title":"1987 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Paul Annacone 6–4, 6–7, 7–6 David Wheaton defeated Andrei Cherkasov 7–6, 6–0 Natasha Zvereva defeated Sandra Birch 6–0, 6–3 Goran Ivanišević / Diego Nargiso defeated Zeeshan Ali / Brett Steven 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Il-Soon Kim / Shi-Ting Wang 6–4, 7–5 Total prize money for the event was $3,979,294. 1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14,","psg_id":"8180915"},{"title":"1988 US Open (tennis)","text":"Jim Pugh defeated Elizabeth Smylie / Patrick McEnroe 7–5, 6–3 Nicolás Pereira defeated Nicklas Kulti 6–1, 6–2 Carrie Cunningham defeated Rachel McQuillan 7–5, 6–3 Jonathan Stark / John Yancey defeated Massimo Boscatto / Stefano Pescosolido 7–6, 7–5 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Cathy Caverzasio / Laura Lapi 6–3, 6–1 1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to","psg_id":"8180871"},{"title":"1988 US Open (tennis)","text":"1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1988. Mats Wilander defeated Ivan Lendl 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez defeated Rick Leach / Jim Pugh by Walkover Gigi Fernández / Robin White defeated Patty Fendick / Jill Hetherington 6–4, 6–1 Jana Novotná /","psg_id":"8180870"},{"title":"1989 US Open (tennis)","text":"1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5, 6–1 John McEnroe / Mark Woodforde defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 Hana Mandlíková / Martina Navratilova defeated Mary Joe Fernández / Pam Shriver 5–7, 6–4, 6–4 Robin White /","psg_id":"8180828"},{"title":"1990 US Open (tennis)","text":"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha","psg_id":"8180789"},{"title":"1991 US Open (tennis)","text":"1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991. Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 Monica Seles defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 6–1 John Fitzgerald / Anders Järryd defeated Scott Davis / David Pate 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 Pam Shriver / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Larisa Savchenko 6–4, 4–6, 7–6 Manon Bollegraf /","psg_id":"8180760"},{"title":"1992 US Open (tennis)","text":"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis","psg_id":"8180755"},{"title":"1992 US Open (tennis)","text":"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis","psg_id":"8180753"},{"title":"1993 US Open (tennis)","text":"1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 113th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993. Pete Sampras defeated Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–4, 6–3 Steffi Graf defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–3 Ken Flach / Rick Leach defeated Karel Nováček / Martin Damm 6–7, 6–4, 6–2 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková defeated Amanda Coetzer / Inés Gorrochategui 6–4, 6–2 Helena Suková / Todd","psg_id":"8180745"},{"title":"1994 US Open (tennis)","text":"1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1994. Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Steffi Graf 1–6, 7–6, 6–4 Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis defeated Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde 6–3, 7–6 Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Katerina Maleeva / Robin White 6–3, 6–3 Elna Reinach /","psg_id":"8180739"},{"title":"1995 US Open (tennis)","text":"1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1995. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–6, 0–6, 6–3 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Alex O'Brien / Sandon Stolle 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Brenda Schultz-McCarthy / Rennae Stubbs 7–5, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Matt","psg_id":"8180685"},{"title":"1987 US Open (tennis)","text":"1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14, 1987. Ivan Lendl defeated Mats Wilander 6–7, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 Martina Navratilova defeated Steffi Graf 7–6, 6–1 Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 7–6, 6–2, 4–6, 5–7, 7–6 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Kathy Jordan / Elizabeth Smylie 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 Martina Navratilova / Emilio Sánchez defeated Betsy Nagelsen","psg_id":"8180914"},{"title":"2003 US Open (tennis)","text":"2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1","psg_id":"5211505"},{"title":"2010 US Open (tennis)","text":"and in the qualifying draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: Below are the lists of the qualifiers entering the main draw. The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries or personal reasons. All prize money is in dollars ($); doubles prize money is distributed per pair. 2010 US Open (tennis) The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New","psg_id":"13823716"},{"title":"1968 US Open (tennis)","text":"1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first edition of the tournament in the Open Era of tennis and as such for the first time offered prize money, totaling $100,000. Arthur Ashe and Virginia Wade won the singles titles. Ashe","psg_id":"10856026"},{"title":"1994 US Open – Men's Singles","text":"the round in which they were eliminated. 1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below.","psg_id":"8420776"},{"title":"1974 US Open (tennis)","text":"1974 US Open (tennis) The 1974 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 26 August until 8 September. It was the 94th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1974. The girl's championships was introduced in 1974 and it was the last year the tournament was played on grass courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Ken Rosewall, 6–1, 6–0, 6–1 Billie Jean King defeated Evonne Goolagong, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated","psg_id":"8181369"},{"title":"1976 US Open (tennis)","text":"1976 US Open (tennis) The 1976 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor Har-Tru clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 30 August until 12 September. It was the 96th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1976. It was the second year in which this tournament was played on clay courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Björn Borg, 6–4, 3–6, 7–6, 6–4 Chris Evert defeated Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–0 Tom Okker / Marty Riessen defeated Paul Kronk / Cliff Letcher","psg_id":"8181165"},{"title":"1971 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Françoise Dürr, 6–3, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson defeated Betty Stöve / Robert Maud, 6–3, 7–5 1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan","psg_id":"8181430"},{"title":"1971 US Open (tennis)","text":"1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan Smith / Erik van Dillen, 6–7, 6–3, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 Rosemary Casals / Judy Tegart Dalton defeated Gail Chanfreau","psg_id":"8181429"},{"title":"1972 US Open (tennis)","text":"6–3, 1–6, 6–3 Margaret Court / Marty Riessen defeated Rosemary Casals / Ilie Năstase, 6–3, 7–5 1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson /","psg_id":"8181425"},{"title":"1972 US Open (tennis)","text":"1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson / John Newcombe, 6–4, 7–6, 6–3 Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve defeated Margaret Court / Virginia Wade,","psg_id":"8181424"},{"title":"1985 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Heinz Günthardt defeated Elizabeth Smylie / John Fitzgerald 6–3, 6–4 Tim Trigueiro defeated Joey Blake 6–2, 6–3 Laura Garrone defeated Andrea Holíková 6–2, 7–6 Joey Blake / Darren Yates defeated Patrick Flynn / David Macpherson 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 Andrea Holíková / Radka Zrubáková defeated Mariana Perez-Roldan / Patricia Tarabini 6–4, 2–6, 7–5 1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from","psg_id":"8180978"},{"title":"1986 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Sergio Casal defeated Martina Navratilova / Peter Fleming 6–4, 6–4 Javier Sánchez defeated Franco Davín 6–2, 6–2 Elly Hakami defeated Shaun Stafford 6–2, 6–1 Tomás Carbonell / Javier Sánchez defeated Jeff Tarango / David Wheaton 6–4, 1–6, 6–1 Jana Novotná / Radka Zrubáková defeated Elena Brioukhovets / Leila Meskhi 6–4, 6–2 1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August","psg_id":"8180940"},{"title":"1991 US Open (tennis)","text":"Tom Nijssen defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Emilio Sánchez 6–2, 7–6 Leander Paes defeated Karim Alami 6–4, 6–4 Karina Habšudová defeated Anne Mall 6–1, 6–3 Karim Alami / John-Laffnie de Jager defeated Michael Joyce / Vince Spadea 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 Kristin Godridge / Nicole Pratt defeated Åsa Carlsson / Cătălina Cristea 7–6, 7–5 1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from","psg_id":"8180761"},{"title":"1994 US Open (tennis)","text":"Patrick Galbraith defeated Jana Novotná / Todd Woodbridge 6–2, 6–4 Sjeng Schalken defeated Mehdi Tahiri 6–2, 7–6 Meilen Tu defeated Martina Hingis 6–2, 6–4 Ben Ellwood / Nicolás Lapentti defeated Paul Goldstein / Scott Humphries 6–2, 6–0 Surina de Beer / Chantal Reuter defeated Nannie de Villiers / Lizzie Jelfs 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from","psg_id":"8180740"},{"title":"1995 US Open (tennis)","text":"Lucena defeated Gigi Fernández / Cyril Suk 6–4, 6–4 Nicolas Kiefer defeated Ulrich Jasper Seetzen 6–3, 6–4 Tara Snyder defeated Annabel Ellwood 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 Jong-Min Lee / Jocelyn Robichaud defeated Raemon Sluiter / Peter Wessels 7–6, 6–2 Corina Morariu / Ludmila Varmužová defeated Anna Kournikova / Aleksandra Olsza 6–3, 6–3 1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28","psg_id":"8180686"},{"title":"1996 US Open (tennis)","text":"1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 1–6, 6–1, 6–4 Lisa Raymond /","psg_id":"8180673"},{"title":"1997 US Open (tennis)","text":"defeated Mercedes Paz / Pablo Albano 3–6, 7–5, 7–6 Arnaud Di Pasquale defeated Wesley Whitehouse 6–7, 6–4, 6–1 Cara Black defeated Kildine Chevalier 6–7, 6–1, 6–3 Fernando González / Nicolás Massú defeated Jean-René Lisnard / Michaël Llodra 6–4, 6–4 Marissa Irvin / Alexandra Stevenson defeated Cara Black / Irina Selyutina 6–2, 7–6 1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August","psg_id":"8180636"},{"title":"1997 US Open (tennis)","text":"1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August 25 through September 7, 1997. Patrick Rafter defeated Greg Rusedski 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 Martina Hingis defeated Venus Williams 6–0, 6–4 Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Daniel Vacek defeated Jonas Björkman / Nicklas Kulti 7–6, 6–3 Lindsay Davenport / Jana Novotná defeated Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–4 Manon Bollegraf / Rick Leach","psg_id":"8180635"},{"title":"1998 US Open (tennis)","text":"Mirnyi defeated Lisa Raymond / Patrick Galbraith 6–2, 6–2 David Nalbandian defeated Roger Federer 6–3, 7–5 Jelena Dokić defeated Katarina Srebotnik 6–4, 6–2 K. J. Hippensteel / David Martin defeated Andy Ram / Lovro Zovko 6–7, 7–6, 6–2 Kim Clijsters / Eva Dyrberg defeated Jelena Dokić / Evie Dominikovic 7–6, 6–4 1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31","psg_id":"8180588"},{"title":"1998 US Open (tennis)","text":"1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 through September 13, 1998. Patrick Rafter defeated Mark Philippoussis, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0 Lindsay Davenport defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–5 Sandon Stolle / Cyril Suk defeated Mark Knowles / Daniel Nestor, 4–6, 7–6, 6–2 Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná defeated Lindsay Davenport / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–3 Serena Williams / Max","psg_id":"8180587"},{"title":"1999 US Open (tennis)","text":"Mahesh Bhupathi defeated Kimberly Po / Donald Johnson, 6–4, 6–4 Jarkko Nieminen defeated Kristian Pless 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Lina Krasnoroutskaya defeated Nadia Petrova 6–3, 6–2 Julien Benneteau / Nicolas Mahut defeated Tres Davis / Alberto Francis 6–4, 3–6, 6–1 Dája Bedáňová / Iroda Tulyaganova defeated Galina Fokina / Lina Krasnoroutskaya 6–3, 6–4 Withdrawals: Steffi Graf, Anna Kournikova 1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open","psg_id":"5255016"},{"title":"1999 US Open (tennis)","text":"1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 through September 12, 1999. Andre Agassi defeated Todd Martin, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 6–3, 6–2 Serena Williams defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–6 Sébastien Lareau / Alex O'Brien defeated Mahesh Bhupathi / Leander Paes, 7–6, 6–4 Serena Williams / Venus Williams defeated Chanda Rubin / Sandrine Testud, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4 Ai Sugiyama /","psg_id":"5255015"},{"title":"2014 US Open – Women's Singles","text":"This tournament was the Grand Slam debut of CiCi Bellis, who became the youngest player to win a match at the US Open since 1996 (and the youngest American to do so since 1986) when she defeated the twelfth seed Dominika Cibulková in the first round at the age of 15. All three top seeds (Williams, Simona Halep and Petra Kvitová) were in contention for the World No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Williams retained the top position after Halep and Kvitová both lost in the third round. 2014 US Open – Women's Singles Serena Williams was","psg_id":"18076660"},{"title":"2012 US Open (tennis)","text":"2012 US Open (tennis) The 2012 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United States. It was played from August 27 to September 10. As a result of adverse weather conditions on September 8, which included a full evacuation of the National Tennis Center because of an upcoming tornado, another day was added to the schedule for the fifth straight year, with the women's final postponed to the afternoon of Sunday, September 9 rather than the previous","psg_id":"15895953"},{"title":"2009 US Open (tennis)","text":"a wild card entry, returning to professional tennis after more than two years of retirement. She made it to the women's singles semi-finals, where she knocked out the defending champion Serena Williams in controversial circumstances. In the final, Clijsters defeated Caroline Wozniacki, the first Dane, man or woman, to reach a Grand Slam final in the Open Era, in straight sets: 7–5, 6–3. Clijsters thus became the first mother to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the process, she also became the first unseeded player and wildcard to win the tournament. In the men's singles","psg_id":"12846835"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"the 1968 national tournament were open to professionals. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered, and prize money totaled US$100,000. In 1970, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to use a tiebreaker to decide a set that reached a 6–6 score in games. From 1970 through 1974, the US Open used a best-of-nine-point sudden-death tiebreaker before moving to the International Tennis Federation's (ITF) best-of-twelve points system. In 1973, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women, with that year's singles champions,John Newcombe and Margaret Court, receiving","psg_id":"866816"},{"title":"2018 US Open – Women's Singles final","text":"Grand Slam women's singles final (the second Japanese able-bodied player overall after Kei Nishikori at the 2014 US Open, and fourth player overall after Nishikori, Yui Kamiji and Shingo Kunieda), and was attempting to become the first able-bodied Japanese player, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles title. Osaka's personal admiration for Williams as a primary inspiration for her tennis career was a focal point of the media's interest in her rise. Upon defeating Maria Sharapova in her successful 2018 Indian Wells campaign, Osaka quipped, \"There are three people I wanted to play, Venus, [Sharapova] and Serena. Now","psg_id":"20880290"},{"title":"2003 US Open (tennis)","text":"Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Marcos Baghdatis, 7–6, 6–3 Kirsten Flipkens defeated Michaëlla Krajicek, 6–3, 7–5 2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won","psg_id":"5211507"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique Kerber defeated Karolína Plíšková in the women's singles to become the first German player to win the tournament since Steffi Graf in 1996. 2015 women's singles champion Flavia Pennetta did not defend her title as she had retired\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"US$25,000 each. Beginning in 1975, the tournament was played on clay courts instead of grass, and floodlights allowed matches to be played at night. In 1978, the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the larger and newly constructed USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. The tournament's court surface also switched from clay to hard. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on three surfaces (grass, clay, and hard), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win US Open singles titles on two surfaces\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the first American to win a singles title since Andy Roddick in 2003. Twin brothers Bob and Mike Bryan won their second US Open title, and Liezel Huber (who became an American citizen in 2007) won the women's doubles with Zimbabwean Cara Black. The International Tennis Federation and United States Tennis Association offered audiences a number of new ways to access the Open in 2008. A YouTube channel was set up to broadcast highlights, and the official US Open website featured hourly updates of what was happening at the tournament. Multiple matches could be accessed at any one time, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10523448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the 2007 US Open are as follows: 2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9836760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1975 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1975 US Open (tennis) The 1975 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 7 September. It was the 95th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1975. During the final three years at the Forest Hills location, 1975-1977, the US Open was played on a green-colored Har-Tru clay surface, a surface slightly harder and faster than red clay. The switch came after player complaints about the poor state and uneven\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set. It was the second Grand Slam she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9836739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1970 US Open (tennis) The 1970 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 13 September. It was the 90th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1970. It was the first Grand Slam tournament in which the tiebreak was used to decide the set at a 6-6 score. It differed from the current tie-break scoring in that it was won by the first player to reach five points with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"following player received entry as a lucky loser: The following players received entry as lucky losers: The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or personal reasons. 2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"US$33.6 million, a record US$8.1 million increase from 2012. The champions of the 2013 US Open Series also had the opportunity to add US$2.6 million in bonus prize money, potentially bringing the total 2013 US Open purse to more than US$36 million. In 2014, the prize money was US$38.3 million. In 2015, the prize money was raised to US$42.3 million. Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the US Open through the years but presently singles players receive the following points: US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"at the end of the 2015 season. This tournament turned out to be the last one in the career of former No.1 player in the world and 2008 French Open women's singles champion Ana Ivanovic, who announced her retirement from professional tennis at the end of the year. The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's singles was first played in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year. The other three, in chronological order, are the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon. The US Open starts on the last Monday of August and continues for two weeks, with the middle weekend coinciding with the U.S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1993 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"also seen watching the Open on TV, where the reporter can be heard crediting a match win to Natalia Baudone, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5, over Mary Pierce. Pierce won the actual match 6–0, 6–7, 7–6. Kramer becomes a 'ballman' for the tournament later in the episode and accidentally injures Monica Seles in the final. Seles did not play in the tournament that year owing to an incident in April 1993 which prevented her from playing competitive tennis until August 1995. 1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"6–3 for her first Grand Slam title. Stosur thus became the first Australian female player to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the men's singles, both Nadal and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the second consecutive year. This time, Djokovic won 6–2, 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 for his first US Open title. Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The USTA announced that the 2011 US Open purse has increased by more than one million dollars to reach a record $23.7 million.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15503955\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"(clay and hard). The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception. During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed to \\\"USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center\\\" in honor of Billie Jean King, a four-time US Open singles champion and women's tennis pioneer. From 1984 through 2015, the US Open deviated from traditional scheduling practices for tennis tournaments with a concept that came to be known as \\\"Super Saturday\\\": the men's and women's finals were played on the final Saturday and Sunday of the tournament respectively, and their respective\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Flavia Pennetta won the Women's Singles title and became the first Italian to win the US Open. The 2015 US Open was the 135th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is part of the 2015 ATP World Tour and the 2015 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category. The tournament consists of both men's and women's singles and doubles draws as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18220661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"women's singles final, which was pushed into primetime by rain delays. Since 1978, the US Open has been played on a hard court surface called Pro DecoTurf. It is a multi-layer cushioned surface and classified by the International Tennis Federation as medium-fast. Each August before the start of the tournament, the courts are resurfaced. Since 2005, all US Open and US Open Series tennis courts have been painted a shade of blue (trademarked as \\\"U.S. Open Blue\\\") inside the lines to make it easier for players, spectators, and television viewers to see the ball. The area outside the lines is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"money (US$40,912,000) accounts for 80.9 percent of total player base compensation, while men's and women's doubles (US$6,140,840), men's and women's singles qualifying (US$3,008,000), and mixed doubles (US$505,000) account for 12.1 percent, 5.9 percent, and 1.0 percent, respectively. The prize money for the wheelchair draw amounts to a total of US$350,000. The singles winners of the men and women draws receive US$31,200 and the winner of the quad singles receives US$23,400. The United States Tennis Association in 2012 agreed to increase the US Open prize money to US$50,400,000 by 2017. As a result, the prize money for the 2013 tournament was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1978 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was played at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows after having been organized at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181135\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2000 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2000 US Open (tennis) The 2000 US Open was held between August 28 – September 10, 2000. It was the final Grand Slam event of 2000. Both Andre Agassi and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences; Agassi being upset in the second round by Arnaud Clément and Williams losing in the quarter-finals to Lindsay Davenport. Marat Safin won his first US Open title and first of two Grand Slams, defeating Pete Sampras in the final, and Venus Williams defeated Davenport to win the women's title. Marat Safin defeated Pete Sampras, 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 Venus Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5227405\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2008 US Open (tennis) The 2008 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 128th edition of the US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States, from August 25 through September 8, 2008. The men's defending champion, Roger Federer, won the US Open for a fifth consecutive time. Justine Henin, the women's defending champion, did not return to defend her title due to her retirement from tennis, for personal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10523446\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1977 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1977 US Open (tennis) The 1977 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 11 September. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Labor Day holiday. The tournament consists of five primary championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The tournament also includes events for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a non-profit organization, and the chairperson of the US Open is Katrina Adams. Revenue from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television contracts are used to develop tennis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1978 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Per Hjertquist defeated Stefan Simonsson, 7-6, 1-6, 7-6 Linda Siegel defeated Ivanna Madruga, 6–4, 6-4 1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"goes to both the men's and women's singles champions. This made the US Open the most lucrative and highest paying tennis grand slam in the world, leapfrogging Wimbledon in total prize money fund. Prize money for the US Open qualifying tournament is also up 10 percent, to $1.9 million. On top of listed above, $600,000 will contribute Champions Invitational events prize money, while $1,478,000 is estimated as players' \\\"per diem\\\". A total of men's and women's singles prize money ($36,324,000) will account for more than 78% of total player compensation, while doubles ($5,463,000) and mixed doubles ($500,000) – for 12%\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"a protected ranking: 2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12846872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open after being granted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12846834\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"courts just outside the East Gate) consisting of four \\\"show courts\\\" (Arthur Ashe Stadium, Louis Armstrong Stadium, the Grandstand, and Court 17), 13 field courts, and 5 practice courts. The main court is the 23,771-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened in 1997. A US$180 million retractable roof was added in 2016. The stadium is named after Arthur Ashe, the African-American who won the men's singles title at the inaugural US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970, and Wimbledon in 1975 and who was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1985. The next largest court is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"service game to lead, before Kerber levelled the set at 3–3. With the match at 5–4, Plíšková served to stay in the match but Kerber won it in a love game to secure her first US Open title. 2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August 26 to September 9. Andy Murray and Serena Williams were the defending champions in the singles events. Williams successfully defended her title, but Murray was defeated in the quarterfinals by Stanislas Wawrinka. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles. The 2013 US Open was the 133rd edition of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1973 US Open (tennis) The 1973 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 9 September. It was the 93rd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1973. It was the first year the boy's championship was held. The 1973 US Open was the first Grand Slam offering equal prize money to both men and women. John Newcombe defeated Jan Kodeš, 6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 Margaret Court defeated Evonne Goolagong,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"players who withdrew from the event. Rankings are as of 22 August. Below are the lists of the wild card awardees entering in the main draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2011 US Open (tennis) The 2011 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15503959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"four tennis majors (the French Open is split between Tennis Channel for cable coverage and NBC for over-the-air coverage, with portions previously sub-licensed to ESPN until 2016). Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The US Open total prize money for 2015 was increased by 10.5 percent to a record $42,253,400, which potentially could reach almost 45 million dollars, as the top three finishers in the Emirates Airline US Open Series may earn up an additional $2.625 million in bonus money at the US Open. Of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18220666\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8420775\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1969 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship was the first time in grand slam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1969 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Françoise Dürr / Dennis Ralston, 7–5, 6–3 1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1979 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"6–4 Betty Stöve / Wendy Turnbull defeated Billie Jean King Martina Navratilova 7–5, 6–3 Greer Stevens / Bob Hewitt defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 6–3, 7–5 Scott Davis defeated Jan Gunnarson 6–3, 6–1 Alycia Moulton defeated Mary Lou Piatek 7–6, 7–6 1979 US Open (tennis) The 1979 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 99th edition of the US Open and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1968 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Billie Jean King, 4–6, 9–7, 8–6 No mixed doubles at the 1968 US Open. Results often seen are those of the 1968 US National Championships held a month earlier in Boston. 1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10856028\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2015 US Open (tennis) The 2015 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 135th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Marin Čilić was the defending champion in the men's singles event, but lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion in the women's singles event and was also trying to complete the calendar Grand Slam, but she lost to Roberta Vinci in the semifinals.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18220660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Experimental rules featured in qualifying for the main draw as well as in the junior, wheelchair and exhibition events. Stan Wawrinka and Angelique Kerber were the previous year's men's and women's singles champions. Neither managed to defend their title as Wawrinka withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a knee injury\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19772949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17547443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury, while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women's event. In the men's singles competition, Marin Čilić won his maiden\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17547436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458655\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his semifinal match against Juan Martín del Potro. Stephens was defeated in the quarterfinals by Anastasija Sevastova, whom Stephens had beaten at the same stage the previous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. The following players were given wildcards to the main draw based on internal selection and recent performances. The qualifying competitions took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center on 22 – 25 August 2017. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19772956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Durie / Tom Gorman (Abandoned due to rain) 1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award\",\n \"text\": \"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \\\"experts\\\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee. Through the 2001 iteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10026227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1983 US Open (tennis) The 1983 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 103rd edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 11, 1983. The event was marred by the death of linesman Dick Wertheim from blunt cranial trauma after an errant serve by Stefan Edberg struck his groin, causing him to fall and hit his head. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award\",\n \"text\": \"over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \\\"experts\\\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10026228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"and the final), three women's singles matches (two semifinals and the final), one men's doubles match (the final), two women's doubles matches (a semifinal and the final) and one mixed doubles match (the final). 1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180830\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"In the process, they also began charging separate admission for each of the two sessions on the last Saturday of the fortnight. 1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1980 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"7–6 , 7–5 Wendy Turnbull / Marty Riessen defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 7–5, 6–2 Mike Falberg defeated Eric Wilborts 6–7, 6–3, 6–3 Susan Mascarin defeated Kathrin Keil 6–3, 6–4 1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1980 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 5–7, 6–1, 6–1 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated John McEnroe / Peter Fleming 7–5, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova defeated Pam Shriver / Betty Stöve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1982 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1982 US Open (tennis) The 1982 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 102nd edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 12, 1982. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 6–3, 6–1 Kevin Curren / Steve Denton defeated Victor Amaya / Hank Pfister 6–2, 6–7, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Wendy Turnbull defeated Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh 6–4, 6–4 Anne Smith\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Anne Hobbs / Wendy Turnbull 6–2, 6–4 Manuela Maleeva / Tom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 8, 1985. Ivan Lendl defeated John McEnroe 7–6, 6–3, 6–4 Hana Mandlíková defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 1–6, 7–6 Ken Flach / Robert Seguso defeated Henri Leconte / Yannick Noah 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 6–0 Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Helena Suková defeated Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver 6–7, 6–2, 6–3 Martina Navratilova\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1986 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1986. Ivan Lendl defeated Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–2 Andrés Gómez / Slobodan Živojinović defeated Joakim Nyström / Mats Wilander 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Hana Mandlíková / Wendy Turnbull 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 Raffaella Reggi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1987 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Paul Annacone 6–4, 6–7, 7–6 David Wheaton defeated Andrei Cherkasov 7–6, 6–0 Natasha Zvereva defeated Sandra Birch 6–0, 6–3 Goran Ivanišević / Diego Nargiso defeated Zeeshan Ali / Brett Steven 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Il-Soon Kim / Shi-Ting Wang 6–4, 7–5 Total prize money for the event was $3,979,294. 1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Pugh defeated Elizabeth Smylie / Patrick McEnroe 7–5, 6–3 Nicolás Pereira defeated Nicklas Kulti 6–1, 6–2 Carrie Cunningham defeated Rachel McQuillan 7–5, 6–3 Jonathan Stark / John Yancey defeated Massimo Boscatto / Stefano Pescosolido 7–6, 7–5 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Cathy Caverzasio / Laura Lapi 6–3, 6–1 1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1988. Mats Wilander defeated Ivan Lendl 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez defeated Rick Leach / Jim Pugh by Walkover Gigi Fernández / Robin White defeated Patty Fendick / Jill Hetherington 6–4, 6–1 Jana Novotná /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5, 6–1 John McEnroe / Mark Woodforde defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 Hana Mandlíková / Martina Navratilova defeated Mary Joe Fernández / Pam Shriver 5–7, 6–4, 6–4 Robin White /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991. Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 Monica Seles defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 6–1 John Fitzgerald / Anders Järryd defeated Scott Davis / David Pate 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 Pam Shriver / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Larisa Savchenko 6–4, 4–6, 7–6 Manon Bollegraf /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1993 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 113th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993. Pete Sampras defeated Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–4, 6–3 Steffi Graf defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–3 Ken Flach / Rick Leach defeated Karel Nováček / Martin Damm 6–7, 6–4, 6–2 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková defeated Amanda Coetzer / Inés Gorrochategui 6–4, 6–2 Helena Suková / Todd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1994. Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Steffi Graf 1–6, 7–6, 6–4 Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis defeated Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde 6–3, 7–6 Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Katerina Maleeva / Robin White 6–3, 6–3 Elna Reinach /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1995 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1995. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–6, 0–6, 6–3 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Alex O'Brien / Sandon Stolle 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Brenda Schultz-McCarthy / Rennae Stubbs 7–5, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Matt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1987 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14, 1987. Ivan Lendl defeated Mats Wilander 6–7, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 Martina Navratilova defeated Steffi Graf 7–6, 6–1 Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 7–6, 6–2, 4–6, 5–7, 7–6 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Kathy Jordan / Elizabeth Smylie 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 Martina Navratilova / Emilio Sánchez defeated Betsy Nagelsen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5211505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"and in the qualifying draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: Below are the lists of the qualifiers entering the main draw. The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries or personal reasons. All prize money is in dollars ($); doubles prize money is distributed per pair. 2010 US Open (tennis) The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13823716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1968 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first edition of the tournament in the Open Era of tennis and as such for the first time offered prize money, totaling $100,000. Arthur Ashe and Virginia Wade won the singles titles. Ashe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10856026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the round in which they were eliminated. 1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8420776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1974 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1974 US Open (tennis) The 1974 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 26 August until 8 September. It was the 94th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1974. The girl's championships was introduced in 1974 and it was the last year the tournament was played on grass courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Ken Rosewall, 6–1, 6–0, 6–1 Billie Jean King defeated Evonne Goolagong, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1976 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1976 US Open (tennis) The 1976 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor Har-Tru clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 30 August until 12 September. It was the 96th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1976. It was the second year in which this tournament was played on clay courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Björn Borg, 6–4, 3–6, 7–6, 6–4 Chris Evert defeated Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–0 Tom Okker / Marty Riessen defeated Paul Kronk / Cliff Letcher\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181165\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1971 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Françoise Dürr, 6–3, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson defeated Betty Stöve / Robert Maud, 6–3, 7–5 1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1971 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan Smith / Erik van Dillen, 6–7, 6–3, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 Rosemary Casals / Judy Tegart Dalton defeated Gail Chanfreau\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181429\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1972 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"6–3, 1–6, 6–3 Margaret Court / Marty Riessen defeated Rosemary Casals / Ilie Năstase, 6–3, 7–5 1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181425\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1972 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson / John Newcombe, 6–4, 7–6, 6–3 Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve defeated Margaret Court / Virginia Wade,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181424\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Heinz Günthardt defeated Elizabeth Smylie / John Fitzgerald 6–3, 6–4 Tim Trigueiro defeated Joey Blake 6–2, 6–3 Laura Garrone defeated Andrea Holíková 6–2, 7–6 Joey Blake / Darren Yates defeated Patrick Flynn / David Macpherson 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 Andrea Holíková / Radka Zrubáková defeated Mariana Perez-Roldan / Patricia Tarabini 6–4, 2–6, 7–5 1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1986 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Sergio Casal defeated Martina Navratilova / Peter Fleming 6–4, 6–4 Javier Sánchez defeated Franco Davín 6–2, 6–2 Elly Hakami defeated Shaun Stafford 6–2, 6–1 Tomás Carbonell / Javier Sánchez defeated Jeff Tarango / David Wheaton 6–4, 1–6, 6–1 Jana Novotná / Radka Zrubáková defeated Elena Brioukhovets / Leila Meskhi 6–4, 6–2 1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Nijssen defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Emilio Sánchez 6–2, 7–6 Leander Paes defeated Karim Alami 6–4, 6–4 Karina Habšudová defeated Anne Mall 6–1, 6–3 Karim Alami / John-Laffnie de Jager defeated Michael Joyce / Vince Spadea 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 Kristin Godridge / Nicole Pratt defeated Åsa Carlsson / Cătălina Cristea 7–6, 7–5 1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Galbraith defeated Jana Novotná / Todd Woodbridge 6–2, 6–4 Sjeng Schalken defeated Mehdi Tahiri 6–2, 7–6 Meilen Tu defeated Martina Hingis 6–2, 6–4 Ben Ellwood / Nicolás Lapentti defeated Paul Goldstein / Scott Humphries 6–2, 6–0 Surina de Beer / Chantal Reuter defeated Nannie de Villiers / Lizzie Jelfs 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1995 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Lucena defeated Gigi Fernández / Cyril Suk 6–4, 6–4 Nicolas Kiefer defeated Ulrich Jasper Seetzen 6–3, 6–4 Tara Snyder defeated Annabel Ellwood 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 Jong-Min Lee / Jocelyn Robichaud defeated Raemon Sluiter / Peter Wessels 7–6, 6–2 Corina Morariu / Ludmila Varmužová defeated Anna Kournikova / Aleksandra Olsza 6–3, 6–3 1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 1–6, 6–1, 6–4 Lisa Raymond /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1997 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"defeated Mercedes Paz / Pablo Albano 3–6, 7–5, 7–6 Arnaud Di Pasquale defeated Wesley Whitehouse 6–7, 6–4, 6–1 Cara Black defeated Kildine Chevalier 6–7, 6–1, 6–3 Fernando González / Nicolás Massú defeated Jean-René Lisnard / Michaël Llodra 6–4, 6–4 Marissa Irvin / Alexandra Stevenson defeated Cara Black / Irina Selyutina 6–2, 7–6 1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1997 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August 25 through September 7, 1997. Patrick Rafter defeated Greg Rusedski 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 Martina Hingis defeated Venus Williams 6–0, 6–4 Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Daniel Vacek defeated Jonas Björkman / Nicklas Kulti 7–6, 6–3 Lindsay Davenport / Jana Novotná defeated Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–4 Manon Bollegraf / Rick Leach\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Mirnyi defeated Lisa Raymond / Patrick Galbraith 6–2, 6–2 David Nalbandian defeated Roger Federer 6–3, 7–5 Jelena Dokić defeated Katarina Srebotnik 6–4, 6–2 K. J. Hippensteel / David Martin defeated Andy Ram / Lovro Zovko 6–7, 7–6, 6–2 Kim Clijsters / Eva Dyrberg defeated Jelena Dokić / Evie Dominikovic 7–6, 6–4 1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 through September 13, 1998. Patrick Rafter defeated Mark Philippoussis, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0 Lindsay Davenport defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–5 Sandon Stolle / Cyril Suk defeated Mark Knowles / Daniel Nestor, 4–6, 7–6, 6–2 Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná defeated Lindsay Davenport / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–3 Serena Williams / Max\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Mahesh Bhupathi defeated Kimberly Po / Donald Johnson, 6–4, 6–4 Jarkko Nieminen defeated Kristian Pless 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Lina Krasnoroutskaya defeated Nadia Petrova 6–3, 6–2 Julien Benneteau / Nicolas Mahut defeated Tres Davis / Alberto Francis 6–4, 3–6, 6–1 Dája Bedáňová / Iroda Tulyaganova defeated Galina Fokina / Lina Krasnoroutskaya 6–3, 6–4 Withdrawals: Steffi Graf, Anna Kournikova 1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5255016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 through September 12, 1999. Andre Agassi defeated Todd Martin, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 6–3, 6–2 Serena Williams defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–6 Sébastien Lareau / Alex O'Brien defeated Mahesh Bhupathi / Leander Paes, 7–6, 6–4 Serena Williams / Venus Williams defeated Chanda Rubin / Sandrine Testud, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4 Ai Sugiyama /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5255015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 US Open – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"This tournament was the Grand Slam debut of CiCi Bellis, who became the youngest player to win a match at the US Open since 1996 (and the youngest American to do so since 1986) when she defeated the twelfth seed Dominika Cibulková in the first round at the age of 15. All three top seeds (Williams, Simona Halep and Petra Kvitová) were in contention for the World No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Williams retained the top position after Halep and Kvitová both lost in the third round. 2014 US Open – Women's Singles Serena Williams was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18076660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2012 US Open (tennis) The 2012 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United States. It was played from August 27 to September 10. As a result of adverse weather conditions on September 8, which included a full evacuation of the National Tennis Center because of an upcoming tornado, another day was added to the schedule for the fifth straight year, with the women's final postponed to the afternoon of Sunday, September 9 rather than the previous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15895953\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"a wild card entry, returning to professional tennis after more than two years of retirement. She made it to the women's singles semi-finals, where she knocked out the defending champion Serena Williams in controversial circumstances. In the final, Clijsters defeated Caroline Wozniacki, the first Dane, man or woman, to reach a Grand Slam final in the Open Era, in straight sets: 7–5, 6–3. Clijsters thus became the first mother to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the process, she also became the first unseeded player and wildcard to win the tournament. In the men's singles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12846835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the 1968 national tournament were open to professionals. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered, and prize money totaled US$100,000. In 1970, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to use a tiebreaker to decide a set that reached a 6–6 score in games. From 1970 through 1974, the US Open used a best-of-nine-point sudden-death tiebreaker before moving to the International Tennis Federation's (ITF) best-of-twelve points system. In 1973, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women, with that year's singles champions,John Newcombe and Margaret Court, receiving\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866816\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 US Open – Women's Singles final\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Slam women's singles final (the second Japanese able-bodied player overall after Kei Nishikori at the 2014 US Open, and fourth player overall after Nishikori, Yui Kamiji and Shingo Kunieda), and was attempting to become the first able-bodied Japanese player, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles title. Osaka's personal admiration for Williams as a primary inspiration for her tennis career was a focal point of the media's interest in her rise. Upon defeating Maria Sharapova in her successful 2018 Indian Wells campaign, Osaka quipped, \\\"There are three people I wanted to play, Venus, [Sharapova] and Serena. Now\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20880290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Marcos Baghdatis, 7–6, 6–3 Kirsten Flipkens defeated Michaëlla Krajicek, 6–3, 7–5 2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5211507\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["tracy austin","tracey austin"],"string":"[\n \"tracy austin\",\n \"tracey austin\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":581,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"how many 'victories' did the red baron claim in aerial dogfights?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Red Fighter Pilot","text":"was no longer that kind of person. The Red Fighter Pilot The Red Fighter Pilot (German: \"Der Rote Kampfflieger\") is a book written by Manfred von Richthofen, a famous German fighter pilot who is considered the top scoring ace of the First World War, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Richthofen's most common German nickname was \"Der Rote Kampfflieger,\" which roughly translates to \"The Red Battle Flyer\" or \"The Red Fighter Pilot.\" Today he is better known as the Red Baron. The book details some of Richthofen's experiences during World War I. He finished the book in 1917,","psg_id":"9592891"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Fighter Pilot\",\n \"text\": \"was no longer that kind of person. The Red Fighter Pilot The Red Fighter Pilot (German: \\\"Der Rote Kampfflieger\\\") is a book written by Manfred von Richthofen, a famous German fighter pilot who is considered the top scoring ace of the First World War, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Richthofen's most common German nickname was \\\"Der Rote Kampfflieger,\\\" which roughly translates to \\\"The Red Battle Flyer\\\" or \\\"The Red Fighter Pilot.\\\" Today he is better known as the Red Baron. The book details some of Richthofen's experiences during World War I. He finished the book in 1917,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9592891\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical re-enactments of air-to-air combat that took place in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, as well as smaller conflicts such as the Gulf War and the Six-Day War. The program consists of former fighter pilots sharing their stories of actual dogfights in which they took part, combined with computer-generated imagery (CGI) to give the viewer a better perspective of what it is like to engage in aerial combat. \"Dogfights \" originally aired on the History Channel from November 2006 to","psg_id":"9341116"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"broke down altogether in 1945. Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent.","psg_id":"12060160"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent. In some instances of combat","psg_id":"12060155"},{"title":"Dogfights: The Game","text":"Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \"Dogfights: The Game\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \"Dogfights: The Game\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \"Dogfights: The Game\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and let players duke it out. \"Dogfights: The Game\" primarily deals","psg_id":"10755216"},{"title":"Dogfights: The Game","text":"episode choice and currently there are six episodes for play. Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \"Dogfights: The Game\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \"Dogfights: The Game\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \"Dogfights: The Game\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and","psg_id":"10755218"},{"title":"The Red Baron in popular culture","text":"The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as the \"Red Baron\", was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I and one of the most famous aviators in history, as well as the subject of many books, films and other media. The following is a list of mentions of him in popular culture. There have been a number of World War I flight simulators involving Manfred von Richthofen. They include \"Hunt for the Red Baron\", written and published by Small Rockets, \"Knights of the Sky\" by Microprose, and \"Red Baron\" by Dynamix","psg_id":"9443166"},{"title":"Red Baron (1990 video game)","text":"\"Red Baron\"\". In 1996, the magazine named \"Red Baron\" as #4 on its list of the best PC games of all time, positively comparing it to Spectrum HoloByte's \"Falcon 3.0\". In 1994, \"PC Gamer US\" named \"Red Baron\" as the 17th best computer game ever. The editors wrote, \"When it comes to simulating those first days of aerial combat, \"Red Baron\" is still the top dog.\" In 1991, \"PC Format\" placed \"Red Baron\" on its list of the 50 best computer games of all time. Dynamix started up a contest on the Computer Gaming World magazine, consisting of 7 questions","psg_id":"3211203"},{"title":"Dogfights: The Game","text":"with the World War II episodes of the show, recreating battles from episodes such as \"Thunderbolt\" and \"Japanese Kamikaze\". 'Dogfights: The Game' utilizes Valve's Source Engine, similar to Kuma Games' other game produced for the History Channel: ShootOut! The Game and their own property Kuma\\War. \"Dogfights: The Game\" is a combat flight simulator that utilizes Valve's Source Engine. Episodes consist of single player \"flight school\" missions where users learn to pilot their aircraft and multiplayer maps where players gather online to play against each other. \"Dogfights: The Game\" features a variety of different aircraft at the player's disposal depending on","psg_id":"10755217"},{"title":"The Red Baron (2008 film)","text":"out, shook his hand and then took off again.) But in other respects, Von Richthofen was \"cold-blooded,\" says Castan. \"He was mainly interested in his strike rate. He did not try to conceal the fact that he was aiming to kill.\" Both Tino Mewes as Best Young Supporting Actor and Matthias Schweighöfer as Best Young Actor from \"The Red Baron\" were nominated for Undine Awards. The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World","psg_id":"8484058"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"The \"Luftwaffe\"s aerial victory confirmation procedure was based on directive 55270/41 named \"Confirmation of aerial victories, destructions and sinking of ships\" () and was issued by the \"Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe\". This directive was first issued in 1939 and was updated several times during World War II. In theory, this approval process for the confirmation of aerial victories was very stringent and required a witness. The final destruction or explosion of an enemy aircraft in the air, or bail-out of the pilot, had to be observed either on gun-camera film or by at least one other human witness. The witness could","psg_id":"12060157"},{"title":"The Red Baron in popular culture","text":"and published by Sierra Entertainment which was followed up by a less successful sequel \"Red Baron II\". A great variety of model airplanes of all scales, and flying balsa planes, portrait dolls and figurines representing the baron and his aircraft have been produced. The Red Baron name has been attached to small plush figures and teddy bears and is widely applied to products unrelated to the WWI ace. Grant Murray famously owned and drove the Red Baron until it was recycled by the Fire Service in July 2014. The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as","psg_id":"9443167"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"- The Complete Series All the episodes including Dogfights of the Future are included in a 10 DVD set, which was released on October 27, 2009. Starting with season 2, the History Channel produced, in conjunction with Kuma Reality Games, a free PC video game based on the \"Dogfights\" series. Dogfights: The Game puts players in interactive recreations of actual episodes from the TV show. As of now the game primarily concentrates on the World War II episodes of the series. This can be found on History.com Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical","psg_id":"9341122"},{"title":"Red Baron (anime)","text":"Red Baron (anime) \"Red Baron\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \"Metal Fight\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red Baron and enters the contest with dreams of becoming its champion. He must, however, face an army of other rivals from around the world including \"Kaizer\" and the Tetsumen Tô doctors, and later allies","psg_id":"7462534"},{"title":"McDonnell F3H Demon","text":"F3H-2P, was proposed, but never built. It remained the Navy's front-line fighter until 1962, when it was succeeded by the F-4 Phantom II (which was a development of a proposed \"Super Demon\", a larger and much heavier version of the F3H). Developed during the Korean War to counter the MiG-15, it did not claim any aerial victories with missiles or dogfights, although it flew over Lebanon and Quemoy in 1958. In 1962, the F3H was redesignated F-3. The F3H-2N became the F-3C, the F3H-2M became MF-3B, and the F3H-2 changed to F-3B. The last Demon-equipped squadron, VF-161 'Chargers', traded their","psg_id":"1745816"},{"title":"Red Baron (ride)","text":"Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \"Mini Jet\" is a common model of this ride. The \"Mini Jet\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the Red Baron kiddie rides are restricted to only children under 54 inches tall, such as the ones in Cedar Point Amusement Park and in","psg_id":"16289228"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"from the ground, but the process is interrupted by enemy planes. After each battle, the show usually features a short biography about the pilots and the conflicts they were involved in, and then the credits roll. Dogfights - The Complete Season One DVD set was released on April 24, 2007. Featuring all eleven episodes, it also includes the original pilot episode and a behind-the-scenes featurette called \"Dogfights: The Planes.\" The picture format is 4:3 (1.33:1) even though the series was produced in anamorphic widescreen. Dogfights - The Complete Season Two 5 DVD set was released on June 24, 2008. Dogfights","psg_id":"9341121"},{"title":"Red Baron (anime)","text":"Hagakure (episode 21)
Yonehiko Kitagawa: Samurid (episode 24)
Mayumi Tanaka: Steven Spinnberg (episode 25)
Yuu Shimaka: President of the Battle Royale Association (episode 26)
Minoru Inaba: Tom (episode 29)
Shinichiro Ohta: Jerry (episode 29) Red Baron (anime) \"Red Baron\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \"Metal Fight\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red","psg_id":"7462538"},{"title":"Red Baron (ride)","text":"adults and seniors as well, for many years (Disneyland has been around since July 17, 1955 and Walt Disney World since October 1, 1971). Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \"Mini Jet\" is a common model of this ride. The \"Mini Jet\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the","psg_id":"16289230"},{"title":"The Red Baron (2008 film)","text":"The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World War I fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen, known as the \"Red Baron\". The film stars Matthias Schweighöfer, Joseph Fiennes, Til Schweiger and Lena Headey. \"The Red Baron\" was filmed entirely in English to improve its international commercial viability. In 1916, Manfred von Richthofen is serving as a fighter pilot with the Imperial German Air Service along the Western Front. After dropping a wreath over the","psg_id":"8484047"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \"How Many Licks?\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\" and wrote it with Lil'","psg_id":"8265547"},{"title":"The Red Baron (band)","text":"Records. The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \"My First Love\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and","psg_id":"18921471"},{"title":"The Red Baron (band)","text":"The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \"My First Love\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and Ink","psg_id":"18921470"},{"title":"The Bloody Red Baron","text":"The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \"Anno Dracula\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known as the Red Baron. The story also features Edgar","psg_id":"11123229"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"novel \"The Bloody Red Baron\" (1995). The book features both the Red Baron and Snoopy, though the latter is deliberately unnamed in order to avoid copyright issues. Phil Gernhard, the joint composer of \"Snoopy\", had previously produced the original version of \"Stay\" by Maurice Williams & the Zodiacs, and later became the producer of singer-songwriter Lobo. Dick Holler's other big writing success, a notably marked contrast of styles to \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\", was the tribute song \"Abraham, Martin & John\", a 1968 hit for Dion. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" is a","psg_id":"10340819"},{"title":"Red Baron II","text":"after finding out the coupon had no expiration date he took the coupon to a Food Lion and bought himself a Red Baron pizza with the coupon. Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \"Red Baron\", released in 1990. \"Red Baron II\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one","psg_id":"4362824"},{"title":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)","text":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy and the Red Baron is an Atari 2600 game which features Peanuts character Snoopy and his aviation rival, the Red Baron. Snoopy and the Red Baron is a single player game with the player guiding Snoopy on his doghouse with four variations of difficulty to play. The objective is to shoot down Snoopy's rival, the Red Baron, controls being the stick to maneuver Snoopy and the button to fire. The game starts out with the player having four doghouses, otherwise known as lives. It takes eight hits to destroy the Red Baron,","psg_id":"16922023"},{"title":"Aerial warfare in the Winter War","text":"VVS commitment. Finnish fighters shot down 240 confirmed Soviet aircraft, against the Finnish loss of 26. A Finnish forward air base often consisted of only a frozen lake, a windsock, a telephone set and some tents. Air-raid warnings were given by Finnish women organized by the Lotta Svärd. Finnish antiaircraft gunners shot down between 314 and 444 Soviet aircraft. The following Finnish pilots became aces (achieving five confirmed victories) during the war Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from","psg_id":"13567559"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"Red Baron\" and \"Snoopy's Christmas\" – together with other tunes such as \"Snoopy for President\". In 2006 they released \"Snoopy vs Osama\". \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" was inspired by the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles Schulz, which featured a recurring storyline of Snoopy imagining himself in the role of a World War I airman fighting the Red Baron. The song was released approximately one year after the first comic strip featuring Snoopy fighting the Red Baron appeared on Sunday October 10, 1965. Schulz and United Features Syndicate sued the Royal Guardsmen for using the name Snoopy without permission or","psg_id":"10340813"},{"title":"Red Baron II","text":"to peer online play. The game features many German, British, and French combat aircraft of World War I, and features pseudo-realistic flight physics and mechanics such as weapon malfunction, flak, engine damage, and pilot injury. The editors of \"Computer Gaming World\" nominated \"Red Baron II\"s \"Full Canvas Jacket\" mod for their 2003 \"Flight Simulation of the Year\" award, which ultimately went to \"\". Some copies of the game included a coupon for 75 cents off a 12 inch Red Baron pizza. In 2014, YouTube user Clint Basinger of Lazy Game Reviews found the coupon bundled in with the game and","psg_id":"4362823"},{"title":"N104RB Red Baron","text":"N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the Starfighter by collecting and putting together myriad parts over a 13-year period. The cockpit side panels and some control column bearings of the Red Baron came from the very first production F-104A, which crashed in","psg_id":"15758858"},{"title":"Red Baron II","text":"Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \"Red Baron\", released in 1990. \"Red Baron II\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one of the only truly dynamic campaigns in a modern flight simulator and which replicated combat on the Western Front of Europe from 1916 through 1918; and peer","psg_id":"4362822"},{"title":"Red Baron (aircraft)","text":"Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \"Miss R.J.\" and \"Roto-Finish Special\", winning Unlimited Gold in 1972. In February 1974, it was purchased by Ed Browning of Red Baron Flying Service in Idaho Falls, Idaho and renamed the Red Baron. Browning hired two Lockheed engineers, Pete Law and Bruce Boland, and a team of other specialists made major modifications to the plane, including installation of a Rolls-Royce Griffon 57 engine and contra-rotating propellers from an Avro Shackleton. The larger engine required","psg_id":"15758179"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"interviews, period documentary footage, and voice-over narration proved so successful, that the History Channel requested the production of an entire TV series, which became \"Dogfights\". The original special continues to air occasionally and has been recently updated to reflect the current series logo. In each episode, true historical dogfights of a certain battle or war are played out. Pilots from the actual fights are brought in to re-tell their accounts of the battles. Along with the battle, there are occasional scenes that describe the pilot's living conditions or events that have happened outside the battle. Each battle is told by","psg_id":"9341119"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"and dissections of particular maneuvers are also presented. Jet and prop powered aircraft and ships from various eras from the First World War to the late 20th century are featured. The series often presents interviews of pilots and experts, so far mostly Americans or their allies such as a survivor of (as was a German survivor of \"Bismarck\"), though the first episode of the second season showed interviews with Japanese and German pilots. The series was created after the airing of a one-time special called \"Dogfights: The Greatest Air Battles\" in September 2005. That program's combination of realistic-looking CGI dogfights,","psg_id":"9341118"},{"title":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)","text":"and eight hits from the Red Baron to have the player lose a doghouse. An alternate notion is to collect \"treats\" the Red Baron drops while falling, and to avoid skulls and crossbones. Touching the skulls and crossbones or being shot down will undo the player's progress in collecting treats. If the player collects all of the treats and downs all of the Red Barons, bonus points are rewarded. A Gold Baron is earned when the player downs fifty Red Barons. In the game, the Red Baron often flies above the clouds; however, Snoopy cannot fly above the clouds in","psg_id":"16922024"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"T. C. M. Tyree wrote that the focus on beauty standards in the video continued with Nicki Minaj's video for \"Stupid Hoe\". Lil' Kim rapped the first verses of \"How Many Licks?\" during a 2010 event at Irving Plaza. During the performance, she had a wardrobe malfunction and her top almost fell down. She also performed the song in 2012 as part of her Return of the Queen Tour, as well as during a one-night show at the Gramercy Theatre the following year, wearing a red bodysuit and long black hair. In 2013, American drag queen Alaska Thunderfuck sang a","psg_id":"8265565"},{"title":"The Red Baron (2008 film)","text":"lines with Brown's assistance and visits Richthofen's grave. She apologises for not coming sooner and expresses remorse for never telling him how much she loved him. A funeral wreath has been left by Captain Brown, reading \"To Manfred von Richtofen, Friend and Enemy.\" In credits order. A shooting schedule from 10 July 2006 to 3 October 2006 took place in the Czech Republic at Prague and surrounding areas as well as locations in France and Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In Postproduction, CGI was carried out by PIXOMONDO. To improve its chances on the international market, \"The Red Baron\" was filmed by Niama","psg_id":"8484054"},{"title":"The Bloody Red Baron","text":"are described. The following list is far from complete. The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \"Anno Dracula\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known","psg_id":"11123231"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"cover version of \"How Many Licks?\", which Josh Middleton of the \"Philadelphia\" praised as \"outstanding\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Notorious K.I.M.\". How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex","psg_id":"8265566"},{"title":"How Did I Get Here?","text":"compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a","psg_id":"8362480"},{"title":"How Did I Get Here?","text":"How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve","psg_id":"8362479"},{"title":"Red Baron (ride)","text":"Kings Island Amusement Park, or the one in Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California. In quite a few other \"Red Baron\" type kiddie rides, adults and parents are allowed to ride on the rides, such as \"The Busy Bees\" and \"Amazing Flying Elephants\" at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, or at the Red Baron Ride at Funderland in Sacramento, California. Another place where adults can ride on a Red Baron type ride is at Disneyland and Walt Disney World, where Dumbo the Flying Elephant has been a perennial favorite of not only toddlers, preschoolers and young children, but teenagers,","psg_id":"16289229"},{"title":"N104RB Red Baron","text":"a lock light on the left wheel; after multiple touch-and-go tests at an Edwards Air Force Base runway, he determined that it was not safe to land. He ejected, and N104RB crashed in the desert. N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the","psg_id":"15758862"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\" to a \"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\". Some critics compared \"How Many Licks?\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". Alex Kristelis of \"Bustle\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \"Khaleej Times\" writer called \"Anaconda\" a \"blatant copy\" of \"How Many Licks?\", with Minaj's song sharing \"the lyrical blue print and theme\" of Lil' Kim's. \"Westword\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \"How Many Licks?\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \"How","psg_id":"8265556"},{"title":"Red Baron (aircraft)","text":"from the fire, yet Hinton survived with a broken back, leg, and ankle. His survival is attributed by one of the lead engineers, Pete Law, to additional braces and a roll bar installed on the cockpit. The \"Red Baron\" was destroyed in the crash. Steve Hinton's company, Fighter Rebuilders, moved the dataplate, tailnumber 413334, and registration number NL7715C to P-51D serial number 44-73053, \"Wee Willy II\". Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \"Miss R.J.\" and \"Roto-Finish Special\", winning Unlimited Gold","psg_id":"15758183"},{"title":"Red Baron (1990 video game)","text":"\"Great Warplanes Series\" that Sierra published. The press discussed the competition between \"Red Baron\" and MicroProse's \"Knights of the Sky\". In 1997, Sierra officially released the 16-color version of \"Red Baron\" as a free download on their website as a promotion. On October 22, 2013, an unsuccessful Kickstarter campaign was started to fund a re-release of \"Red Baron\". Slye later said that \"Red Baron\"s success made Dynamix become known as a developer of flight simulators. Warren Spector—producer of Origin Systems's WW1 simulation \"Wings of Glory\"—was a fan, calling it \"an astonishing accomplishment\". \"Computer Gaming World\" approved of \"Red Baron\"s accurate","psg_id":"3211200"},{"title":"Baron Sinha","text":"baron in 1989, though he did not file a formal claim to the title. He died young and without issue three years later. The fourth baron was succeeded in the barony by his uncle, a retired sales manager and the younger son of the second baron. Prior to the death of the fourth baron, however, it was thought that his uncle, the heir presumptive, had predeceased his nephew, possibly without heirs. Desiring to keep his new status a secret, the new Lord Sinha did not register his claim with the British authorities. In 1996, the fourth baron's sister notified the","psg_id":"2713001"},{"title":"Cesare Magistrini","text":"he was engaging in serious dogfights, during one of which he was seriously wounded but continued fighting. On 10 May 1917, he was awarded a Silver Medal for Military Valor for his tenacity in this engagement. Nevertheless, the wound did not prevent him from scoring his first aerial victory on 17 June, when he forced an enemy Albatros to land. On 18 July, Magistrini backed Guido Nardini on the latter's victory, but Magistrini's own victory claim for participation was denied. He would stake one more unconfirmed claim before transferring to \"91a Squadriglia\" on 1 November. On 23 November, Magistrini shared","psg_id":"13892410"},{"title":"Flying Ace Aerial Chase","text":"Flying Ace Aerial Chase Flying Ace Aerial Chase is a Suspended Family Coaster designed and built by Vekoma. The roller coaster debuted at Kings Island in 2001, and was followed by another identical installation that launched at Carowinds in 2003. Originally, both rides opened as Rugrats Runaway Reptar, themed to the Nickelodeon animated television series \"Rugrats\" and its two-part episode \"Runaway Reptar\". Following Cedar Fair's acquisition of both parks in 2006, both were eventually re-themed to the \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" comic strip series in the 1960s by \"Peanuts\" creator Charles Schulz, undergoing a name change in the process.","psg_id":"14903406"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)","text":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \"Peanuts\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the Flying Circus: Jagdgeschwader 1, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and other enemies of the war. Planned releases for the Xbox and GameCube were cancelled due to low sales and","psg_id":"9122698"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)","text":"limited resources, respectively. The PSP version received \"generally favorable reviews\", while the PlayStation 2 and PC versions received \"average\" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \"Peanuts\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the","psg_id":"9122699"},{"title":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)","text":"the play setting. An exclamation mark appears whenever one million points are scored. \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" was released in 1983. This game play-tested better than the Atari 2600 game \"Bugs Bunny\", therefore \"Bugs Bunny\" was shelved, allowing \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" to enter the market. The game was released with a Children's Computer Workshop cartridge label, which was used on very few games for the Atari 2600. \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" was the only released game in Atari's \"Peanuts\" video game series, having a planned but unreleased game titled \"Good Luck, Charlie Brown\". Snoopy and the","psg_id":"16922025"},{"title":"How Many Birds","text":"How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \"Spicks and Specks\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \"How Many Birds\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song","psg_id":"17736986"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The","psg_id":"8265545"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,","psg_id":"19466865"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"\"How Many Fucks\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \"sexy\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \"risqué\" outfits. \"How Many Fucks\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \"Gage\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \"Daily Mail\" stated that the single would likely \"lift her from relative obscurity\" and joked that the lyrics \"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \"How Many Fucks\" is a pop rap","psg_id":"19466866"},{"title":"The Red Baron (custom car)","text":"The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed in Lincoln, Nebraska. It later","psg_id":"18030412"},{"title":"The Red Baron (custom car)","text":"inspired a Hot Wheels car. The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed","psg_id":"18030413"},{"title":"Baron Sinha","text":"British press that her uncle was still alive and resident in England. He was duly recognised as the fifth Baron Sinha, but continued to refuse his claim to the peerage. On the death of the fifth baron in 1999, he was succeeded by his elder son, the present sixth baron, who did not claim his seat in the House of Lords before most hereditary peers lost their right to sit in parliament as a result of the House of Lords Act 1999. The sixth baron continues to claim the title as of 2015. The current holder of the title, Arup","psg_id":"2713002"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"Housewives of Beverly Hills\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living","psg_id":"19466870"},{"title":"How Many Words","text":"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \"American Idol\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the","psg_id":"11647283"},{"title":"How Many Words","text":"How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May","psg_id":"11647282"},{"title":"James Enstone","text":"how to list a claim, Aerial victory standards of World War I can be instructive. Please supply source(s) of information for entries. Present list is based on Shores \"et al.\" (1990), p. 150, with additional sources noted for specific instances. James Enstone Captain Albert James Enstone (29 August 1895 – 4 October 1963) was a British World War I flying ace. Various sources credit him with differing air victory scores. In one text, he is credited with 13 confirmed aerial victories and driving down 11 other German aircraft, including three Gotha bombers. Another source claims 15 confirmed aerial victories; ten","psg_id":"14202827"},{"title":"Super Robot Red Baron","text":"Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \"Robot Empire\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother Ken Kureinai. Ken is a member of SSI (Secret Science Investigation), a highly skilled team of scientists that practice ninjitsu, and uses Red Baron to aid the team in their efforts to stop the Iron Masked Party from taking over","psg_id":"11009280"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"an advertising license. (The Guardsmen, meanwhile, hedged their bets by recording an alternative version of the song, called \"Squeaky vs. the Black Knight\"; some copies of this version were issued by Laurie Records in Canada.) UFS won the suit, the penalty being that all publishing revenues from the song would go to them. Schulz did allow the group to write more Snoopy songs. The song begins with a background commentary in faux German: \"Achtung! Jetzt wir singen zusammen die Geschichte über den Schweinköpfigen Hund und den lieben Red Baron,\" which is a purposeful mistranslation of the English: \"Attention! We will","psg_id":"10340814"},{"title":"Aerial ramming","text":"sullen Sgt. Major Takuwa said to him \"The B-24 was going down. Kamiguchi did not need to ram it!\" I. Hata, Y. Izawa, and C. Shores in \"Japanese Army Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces 1939–1945\" includes the biography of Capt. Ito of the 64th Sentai which states: “He later transferred to the 3rd Chutai, and was to claim eight victories, including a B-24 over Rangoon on 26 October 1943.” According to Ichimura, Sgt. Maj. Takuwa's account was not included in this source as only aces with nine or more victories were given a biography in the book. On","psg_id":"14989016"},{"title":"Aerial warfare in the Winter War","text":"Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from 30 November 1939 to 13 March 1940. While the Soviet air forces greatly outnumbered the Finnish Air Force, the Soviet bombing campaign was largely ineffective, and Finnish pilots and antiaircraft gunners inflicted significant losses on the Soviets. The Soviet Union enjoyed air superiority throughout the war. The Soviet Air Force, supported the Red Army's invasion with about 2,500 aircraft of the Soviet Air Forces, (the most common of which was the Tupolev","psg_id":"13567550"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" is a novelty song written by Phil Gernhard and Dick Holler and recorded in 1966 by the Florida-based pop group The Royal Guardsmen. The song was recorded at the Charles Fuller Productions studio in Tampa, Florida, and was released as a single on Laurie Records. Bowing at #122 on the Bubbling Under the Hot 100 on December 10, 1966, the single skyrocketed to #30 on December 17, 1966 , shot up again to #7 on December 24, 1966 , and peaked at #2 on the Hot 100 during the","psg_id":"10340811"},{"title":"How Did This Get Made?","text":"has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast \"How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories\" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and","psg_id":"18181356"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" have a \"glossier and far more commercial\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \"How Many Licks?\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \"How Many Licks?\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral","psg_id":"8265550"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \"How Many Licks?\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". \"How Many Licks?\" peaked at number 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis","psg_id":"8265546"},{"title":"How Many Birds","text":"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the","psg_id":"17736987"},{"title":"How Many Drinks?","text":"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark","psg_id":"17173777"},{"title":"How Many Drinks?","text":"How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,","psg_id":"17173776"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"over friendly territory a damaged aircraft may have been claimed as an aerial victory by its opponent while the aircraft was later salvaged and restored to an operational status. In this situation the loss may not appear in the records while the claim remains confirmed. Overclaiming can also occur for political or propaganda reasons. It was common for both sides to inflate figures for \"kills\" or deflate figures for losses in broadcasts and news reports. Overclaiming during World War II has been the centre of much scrutiny, partly because of the significant amount of air combat relative to other conflicts.","psg_id":"12060156"},{"title":"Red Baron Airlines","text":"Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from the University of Florida","psg_id":"11451343"},{"title":"Red Baron Airlines","text":"on September 12, 1980. Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from","psg_id":"11451345"},{"title":"Red Baron (1980 video game)","text":"\"Red Baron\" was released as part of the \"\" title for Windows, and later on the Xbox & PlayStation 2 in \"Atari Anthology\". This version included parts of the cabinet art surrounding the game screen. The game is also available on Atari Greatest Hits Volume 2 for the DS. Red Baron (1980 video game) Red Baron is an arcade game developed by Atari, Inc and released in 1980. A first-person flight simulator game, the player takes the role of a World War I ace in a biplane fighting on the side of the Allies. The game is named after the","psg_id":"6029151"},{"title":"Red Baron (1980 video game)","text":"(AVG) circuit boards and by switching the PROM's they could be interchanged (with very minor jumper additions). \"Red Baron\" and \"Battlezone\" use different auxiliary boards which are not interchangeable. \"Electronic Games\" reported that \"Red Baron\" was not successful in arcades despite \"gorgeous quadra-scan graphics and magnificent audio frills\", and expressed hope that \"this marvelous flight simulator with a combat theme will re-emerge in home format some day\". While playing \"Red Baron\" in 1982, Bill Stealey and Sid Meier decided to create what became MicroProse's first game, \"Hellcat Ace\". The company later obtained the unit they had played as a memento.","psg_id":"6029150"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \"Guitar World\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \"was","psg_id":"7319702"},{"title":"How Many More Years","text":"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in","psg_id":"17274670"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"Wolf's \"How Many More Years\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \"How Many More Times\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \"Dazed and Confused\". In a contemporary review for \"Led Zeppelin\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \"Rolling Stone\" called \"How Many More Times\" as the album's","psg_id":"7319704"},{"title":"Red Baron (1980 video game)","text":"versions of \"Battlezone\" (also released in 1980) and \"Red Baron\" share the same cabinet. In \"Battlezone\", the player looks through a window that was shaped like a tank periscope. Side-view windows were available on both sides for people not playing the game to watch the action. \"Battlezone\" utilizes a two-way mirror to superimpose the monitor display (mounted horizontally) on a tank \"interior\" background. Although \"Red Baron\" uses the same cabinet as \"Battlezone\", no mirror is used and the monitor is mounted vertically, with the player viewing the display directly. \"Battlezone\" and \"Red Baron\" both used the same \"Analog Vector Generator\"","psg_id":"6029149"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"\"most representative cut\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \"strained and unconvincing\". How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page","psg_id":"7319705"},{"title":"How Many More Years","text":"How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\". It was a double-sided hit with \"Moanin' at Midnight\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and","psg_id":"17274665"},{"title":"The Baron of Arizona","text":"The Baron of Arizona The Baron of Arizona is a 1950 American Western film directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Vincent Price and Ellen Drew. The film concerns a master forger's attempted use of false documents to lay claim to the territory of Arizona late in the 19th century. It is based on the case of James Reavis, whose scheme came close to success, but many of the film's details are fictionalized. The notorious attempt by swindler James Reavis to claim the entire territory of Arizona as his own before it was granted statehood in 1912 is recounted years later","psg_id":"11248458"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \"Billboard\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \"Lil' Kim Essentials\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \"How Many Licks?\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \"Oops","psg_id":"8265554"},{"title":"Aerial photography","text":"artistic projects. An example of how aerial photography is used in the field of archaeology is the mapping project done at the site Angkor Borei in Cambodia from 1995–1996. Using aerial photography, archaeologists were able to identify archaeological features, including 112 water features (reservoirs, artificially constructed pools and natural ponds) within the walled site of Angkor Borei. In the United States, aerial photographs are used in many Phase I Environmental Site Assessments for property analysis. In the United States, except when necessary for take off and landing, full-sized manned aircraft are prohibited from flying at altitudes under 1000 feet over","psg_id":"2150414"},{"title":"How Did This Get Made?","text":"This is often referenced in \"How Did This Get Made\", often by Jason and June, annoyed at how they hadn't been invited to host this new podcast, instead being subjected to the bad films that HDTGM cover. The show is released every two weeks. During the show's off week, a \".5\" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the \"How Did This Get Made?\" stream hosted the first three episodes of Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider's \"Bitch Sesh\" podcast in December 2015. It","psg_id":"18181355"},{"title":"Dogfight","text":"which at the time was the fifth largest in the world. By the second day of the war, the Coalition achieved air superiority. Many dogfights occurred during the short conflict, often involving many planes. By the end of January, 1991, the term \"furball\" became a popular word to describe the hectic situation of many dogfights, occurring at the same time within the same relatively small airspace. By the end of the war, the U.S. claimed 39 Iraqi aircraft in air-to-air victories to the loss of only one F/A-18 and one drone. Of the 39 victories, 36 were taken by F-15","psg_id":"2615620"},{"title":"Red Baron (1990 video game)","text":"flying newer aircraft. Depending on how well the player does, they can be assigned to an aerodrome that has a famous ace and can fly missions with them, and depending on the time period and the location of the aerodrome, the player can encounter the famous enemy aces that were in the area during that time period. A multiplayer version of the game was available on The Sierra Network. Two to four pilots competed in games lasting for ten minutes or three deaths. Sierra acquired Dynamix while \"Red Baron\" was being developed, and it became the first game in Dynamix's","psg_id":"3211199"},{"title":"How Many Miles to Babylon?","text":"How Many Miles to Babylon? \"How Many Miles to Babylon\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are:How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light. A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be","psg_id":"13231793"},{"title":"Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts","text":"Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts Flight Lieutenant Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts (9 May 1896 – 1 June 1989) was a British World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During his aerial combat career, and in different dogfights, he engaged two famous German aces; he was one of the British pilots who downed Werner Voss, and on 9 January 1918, he shot down and killed Max Ritter von Muller. He also served in the Royal Air Force during and after World War II. Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts was born in Towyn, Wales in May 1896. Chidlaw-Roberts attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,","psg_id":"14587989"},{"title":"Tsarist officers in the Red Army","text":"Red Army. There are tens of thousands of old colonels and other officers in its ranks. If we had not taken them into service and them work for us, we could not have created the Army...only with their help was the Red Army able to win the victories that it did.\" Immediately following the conflict the former Tsarists made up the majority of the General Staff Academy's faculty and constituted over 90 percent of all instructional and administrative staff at military schools. The Stavka was organised in a manner very similar to its Tsarist antecedent and much of the military","psg_id":"20480727"},{"title":"Red Shadows","text":"traps, such as machine gun nests and anti-personnel mines with the use of other kinds of traps such as broken bridges, piranhas and grenades tied from nests above trees. Both Baron Ironblood and the Black Major weed out candidates not worthy of being Red Shadow soldiers by letting them die in the traps or shoot them with small arms. The Red Shadows weapons, vehicles and armoury consisted of: The Roboskull was an aircraft-cum-spacecraft designed exclusively by Palitoy as representative of the Red Shadows aerial threat. Piloted by the Red Wolf character, it was similar to the \"Star Wars\" TIE fighter","psg_id":"9773464"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"a Little Doe\", a track from her 1996 album \"Hard Core\", and a remix of the American trio Intro's 1995 single \"Funny How Time Flies\". The rapper further introduces herself as \"the female Mack\". \"How Many Licks?\" received primarily positive reviews from music critics following its release and during retrospective reviews. Commentators praised the single for its sexual content. Michelle Goldberg of \"Salon\" wrote that Lil' Kim maintained a focus on her \"playfully ripe side\" from \"Hard Core\". Noisey's Adria Young referred to its lyrics in 2015 as \"some of the rap diva’s most raunchy verses to date\", citing the","psg_id":"8265553"},{"title":"Super Robot Red Baron","text":"the world. Later in the series, the Iron Masked Party is revealed to be an organization from Mars and led by the renegade super computer Garis Q and intends to destroy the world as practice before taking over the universe. Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \"Robot Empire\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother","psg_id":"11009281"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical re-enactments of air-to-air combat that took place in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, as well as smaller conflicts such as the Gulf War and the Six-Day War. The program consists of former fighter pilots sharing their stories of actual dogfights in which they took part, combined with computer-generated imagery (CGI) to give the viewer a better perspective of what it is like to engage in aerial combat. \\\"Dogfights \\\" originally aired on the History Channel from November 2006 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9341116\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II\",\n \"text\": \"broke down altogether in 1945. Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12060160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II\",\n \"text\": \"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent. In some instances of combat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12060155\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights: The Game\",\n \"text\": \"Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and let players duke it out. \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" primarily deals\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights: The Game\",\n \"text\": \"episode choice and currently there are six episodes for play. Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron in popular culture\",\n \"text\": \"The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as the \\\"Red Baron\\\", was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I and one of the most famous aviators in history, as well as the subject of many books, films and other media. The following is a list of mentions of him in popular culture. There have been a number of World War I flight simulators involving Manfred von Richthofen. They include \\\"Hunt for the Red Baron\\\", written and published by Small Rockets, \\\"Knights of the Sky\\\" by Microprose, and \\\"Red Baron\\\" by Dynamix\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9443166\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1990 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Red Baron\\\"\\\". In 1996, the magazine named \\\"Red Baron\\\" as #4 on its list of the best PC games of all time, positively comparing it to Spectrum HoloByte's \\\"Falcon 3.0\\\". In 1994, \\\"PC Gamer US\\\" named \\\"Red Baron\\\" as the 17th best computer game ever. The editors wrote, \\\"When it comes to simulating those first days of aerial combat, \\\"Red Baron\\\" is still the top dog.\\\" In 1991, \\\"PC Format\\\" placed \\\"Red Baron\\\" on its list of the 50 best computer games of all time. Dynamix started up a contest on the Computer Gaming World magazine, consisting of 7 questions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights: The Game\",\n \"text\": \"with the World War II episodes of the show, recreating battles from episodes such as \\\"Thunderbolt\\\" and \\\"Japanese Kamikaze\\\". 'Dogfights: The Game' utilizes Valve's Source Engine, similar to Kuma Games' other game produced for the History Channel: ShootOut! The Game and their own property Kuma\\\\War. \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" is a combat flight simulator that utilizes Valve's Source Engine. Episodes consist of single player \\\"flight school\\\" missions where users learn to pilot their aircraft and multiplayer maps where players gather online to play against each other. \\\"Dogfights: The Game\\\" features a variety of different aircraft at the player's disposal depending on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10755217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (2008 film)\",\n \"text\": \"out, shook his hand and then took off again.) But in other respects, Von Richthofen was \\\"cold-blooded,\\\" says Castan. \\\"He was mainly interested in his strike rate. He did not try to conceal the fact that he was aiming to kill.\\\" Both Tino Mewes as Best Young Supporting Actor and Matthias Schweighöfer as Best Young Actor from \\\"The Red Baron\\\" were nominated for Undine Awards. The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8484058\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II\",\n \"text\": \"The \\\"Luftwaffe\\\"s aerial victory confirmation procedure was based on directive 55270/41 named \\\"Confirmation of aerial victories, destructions and sinking of ships\\\" () and was issued by the \\\"Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe\\\". This directive was first issued in 1939 and was updated several times during World War II. In theory, this approval process for the confirmation of aerial victories was very stringent and required a witness. The final destruction or explosion of an enemy aircraft in the air, or bail-out of the pilot, had to be observed either on gun-camera film or by at least one other human witness. The witness could\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12060157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron in popular culture\",\n \"text\": \"and published by Sierra Entertainment which was followed up by a less successful sequel \\\"Red Baron II\\\". A great variety of model airplanes of all scales, and flying balsa planes, portrait dolls and figurines representing the baron and his aircraft have been produced. The Red Baron name has been attached to small plush figures and teddy bears and is widely applied to products unrelated to the WWI ace. Grant Murray famously owned and drove the Red Baron until it was recycled by the Fire Service in July 2014. The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9443167\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"- The Complete Series All the episodes including Dogfights of the Future are included in a 10 DVD set, which was released on October 27, 2009. Starting with season 2, the History Channel produced, in conjunction with Kuma Reality Games, a free PC video game based on the \\\"Dogfights\\\" series. Dogfights: The Game puts players in interactive recreations of actual episodes from the TV show. As of now the game primarily concentrates on the World War II episodes of the series. This can be found on History.com Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9341122\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (anime)\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron (anime) \\\"Red Baron\\\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \\\"Metal Fight\\\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red Baron and enters the contest with dreams of becoming its champion. He must, however, face an army of other rivals from around the world including \\\"Kaizer\\\" and the Tetsumen Tô doctors, and later allies\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7462534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"McDonnell F3H Demon\",\n \"text\": \"F3H-2P, was proposed, but never built. It remained the Navy's front-line fighter until 1962, when it was succeeded by the F-4 Phantom II (which was a development of a proposed \\\"Super Demon\\\", a larger and much heavier version of the F3H). Developed during the Korean War to counter the MiG-15, it did not claim any aerial victories with missiles or dogfights, although it flew over Lebanon and Quemoy in 1958. In 1962, the F3H was redesignated F-3. The F3H-2N became the F-3C, the F3H-2M became MF-3B, and the F3H-2 changed to F-3B. The last Demon-equipped squadron, VF-161 'Chargers', traded their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1745816\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (ride)\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \\\"Mini Jet\\\" is a common model of this ride. The \\\"Mini Jet\\\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the Red Baron kiddie rides are restricted to only children under 54 inches tall, such as the ones in Cedar Point Amusement Park and in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16289228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"from the ground, but the process is interrupted by enemy planes. After each battle, the show usually features a short biography about the pilots and the conflicts they were involved in, and then the credits roll. Dogfights - The Complete Season One DVD set was released on April 24, 2007. Featuring all eleven episodes, it also includes the original pilot episode and a behind-the-scenes featurette called \\\"Dogfights: The Planes.\\\" The picture format is 4:3 (1.33:1) even though the series was produced in anamorphic widescreen. Dogfights - The Complete Season Two 5 DVD set was released on June 24, 2008. Dogfights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9341121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (anime)\",\n \"text\": \"Hagakure (episode 21)
Yonehiko Kitagawa: Samurid (episode 24)
Mayumi Tanaka: Steven Spinnberg (episode 25)
Yuu Shimaka: President of the Battle Royale Association (episode 26)
Minoru Inaba: Tom (episode 29)
Shinichiro Ohta: Jerry (episode 29) Red Baron (anime) \\\"Red Baron\\\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \\\"Metal Fight\\\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7462538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (ride)\",\n \"text\": \"adults and seniors as well, for many years (Disneyland has been around since July 17, 1955 and Walt Disney World since October 1, 1971). Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \\\"Mini Jet\\\" is a common model of this ride. The \\\"Mini Jet\\\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16289230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (2008 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World War I fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen, known as the \\\"Red Baron\\\". The film stars Matthias Schweighöfer, Joseph Fiennes, Til Schweiger and Lena Headey. \\\"The Red Baron\\\" was filmed entirely in English to improve its international commercial viability. In 1916, Manfred von Richthofen is serving as a fighter pilot with the Imperial German Air Service along the Western Front. After dropping a wreath over the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8484047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \\\"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\\\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and wrote it with Lil'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (band)\",\n \"text\": \"Records. The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \\\"My First Love\\\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18921471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (band)\",\n \"text\": \"The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \\\"My First Love\\\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and Ink\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18921470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bloody Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \\\"Anno Dracula\\\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known as the Red Baron. The story also features Edgar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11123229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"novel \\\"The Bloody Red Baron\\\" (1995). The book features both the Red Baron and Snoopy, though the latter is deliberately unnamed in order to avoid copyright issues. Phil Gernhard, the joint composer of \\\"Snoopy\\\", had previously produced the original version of \\\"Stay\\\" by Maurice Williams & the Zodiacs, and later became the producer of singer-songwriter Lobo. Dick Holler's other big writing success, a notably marked contrast of styles to \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\", was the tribute song \\\"Abraham, Martin & John\\\", a 1968 hit for Dion. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340819\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron II\",\n \"text\": \"after finding out the coupon had no expiration date he took the coupon to a Food Lion and bought himself a Red Baron pizza with the coupon. Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \\\"Red Baron\\\", released in 1990. \\\"Red Baron II\\\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4362824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy and the Red Baron is an Atari 2600 game which features Peanuts character Snoopy and his aviation rival, the Red Baron. Snoopy and the Red Baron is a single player game with the player guiding Snoopy on his doghouse with four variations of difficulty to play. The objective is to shoot down Snoopy's rival, the Red Baron, controls being the stick to maneuver Snoopy and the button to fire. The game starts out with the player having four doghouses, otherwise known as lives. It takes eight hits to destroy the Red Baron,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16922023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial warfare in the Winter War\",\n \"text\": \"VVS commitment. Finnish fighters shot down 240 confirmed Soviet aircraft, against the Finnish loss of 26. A Finnish forward air base often consisted of only a frozen lake, a windsock, a telephone set and some tents. Air-raid warnings were given by Finnish women organized by the Lotta Svärd. Finnish antiaircraft gunners shot down between 314 and 444 Soviet aircraft. The following Finnish pilots became aces (achieving five confirmed victories) during the war Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13567559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron\\\" and \\\"Snoopy's Christmas\\\" – together with other tunes such as \\\"Snoopy for President\\\". In 2006 they released \\\"Snoopy vs Osama\\\". \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" was inspired by the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\" by Charles Schulz, which featured a recurring storyline of Snoopy imagining himself in the role of a World War I airman fighting the Red Baron. The song was released approximately one year after the first comic strip featuring Snoopy fighting the Red Baron appeared on Sunday October 10, 1965. Schulz and United Features Syndicate sued the Royal Guardsmen for using the name Snoopy without permission or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340813\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron II\",\n \"text\": \"to peer online play. The game features many German, British, and French combat aircraft of World War I, and features pseudo-realistic flight physics and mechanics such as weapon malfunction, flak, engine damage, and pilot injury. The editors of \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\" nominated \\\"Red Baron II\\\"s \\\"Full Canvas Jacket\\\" mod for their 2003 \\\"Flight Simulation of the Year\\\" award, which ultimately went to \\\"\\\". Some copies of the game included a coupon for 75 cents off a 12 inch Red Baron pizza. In 2014, YouTube user Clint Basinger of Lazy Game Reviews found the coupon bundled in with the game and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4362823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"N104RB Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the Starfighter by collecting and putting together myriad parts over a 13-year period. The cockpit side panels and some control column bearings of the Red Baron came from the very first production F-104A, which crashed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron II\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \\\"Red Baron\\\", released in 1990. \\\"Red Baron II\\\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one of the only truly dynamic campaigns in a modern flight simulator and which replicated combat on the Western Front of Europe from 1916 through 1918; and peer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4362822\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (aircraft)\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \\\"Miss R.J.\\\" and \\\"Roto-Finish Special\\\", winning Unlimited Gold in 1972. In February 1974, it was purchased by Ed Browning of Red Baron Flying Service in Idaho Falls, Idaho and renamed the Red Baron. Browning hired two Lockheed engineers, Pete Law and Bruce Boland, and a team of other specialists made major modifications to the plane, including installation of a Rolls-Royce Griffon 57 engine and contra-rotating propellers from an Avro Shackleton. The larger engine required\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"interviews, period documentary footage, and voice-over narration proved so successful, that the History Channel requested the production of an entire TV series, which became \\\"Dogfights\\\". The original special continues to air occasionally and has been recently updated to reflect the current series logo. In each episode, true historical dogfights of a certain battle or war are played out. Pilots from the actual fights are brought in to re-tell their accounts of the battles. Along with the battle, there are occasional scenes that describe the pilot's living conditions or events that have happened outside the battle. Each battle is told by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9341119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"and dissections of particular maneuvers are also presented. Jet and prop powered aircraft and ships from various eras from the First World War to the late 20th century are featured. The series often presents interviews of pilots and experts, so far mostly Americans or their allies such as a survivor of (as was a German survivor of \\\"Bismarck\\\"), though the first episode of the second season showed interviews with Japanese and German pilots. The series was created after the airing of a one-time special called \\\"Dogfights: The Greatest Air Battles\\\" in September 2005. That program's combination of realistic-looking CGI dogfights,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9341118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"and eight hits from the Red Baron to have the player lose a doghouse. An alternate notion is to collect \\\"treats\\\" the Red Baron drops while falling, and to avoid skulls and crossbones. Touching the skulls and crossbones or being shot down will undo the player's progress in collecting treats. If the player collects all of the treats and downs all of the Red Barons, bonus points are rewarded. A Gold Baron is earned when the player downs fifty Red Barons. In the game, the Red Baron often flies above the clouds; however, Snoopy cannot fly above the clouds in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16922024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"T. C. M. Tyree wrote that the focus on beauty standards in the video continued with Nicki Minaj's video for \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\". Lil' Kim rapped the first verses of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" during a 2010 event at Irving Plaza. During the performance, she had a wardrobe malfunction and her top almost fell down. She also performed the song in 2012 as part of her Return of the Queen Tour, as well as during a one-night show at the Gramercy Theatre the following year, wearing a red bodysuit and long black hair. In 2013, American drag queen Alaska Thunderfuck sang a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (2008 film)\",\n \"text\": \"lines with Brown's assistance and visits Richthofen's grave. She apologises for not coming sooner and expresses remorse for never telling him how much she loved him. A funeral wreath has been left by Captain Brown, reading \\\"To Manfred von Richtofen, Friend and Enemy.\\\" In credits order. A shooting schedule from 10 July 2006 to 3 October 2006 took place in the Czech Republic at Prague and surrounding areas as well as locations in France and Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In Postproduction, CGI was carried out by PIXOMONDO. To improve its chances on the international market, \\\"The Red Baron\\\" was filmed by Niama\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8484054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bloody Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"are described. The following list is far from complete. The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \\\"Anno Dracula\\\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11123231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"cover version of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", which Josh Middleton of the \\\"Philadelphia\\\" praised as \\\"outstanding\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\". How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did I Get Here?\",\n \"text\": \"compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \\\"EP 3\\\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \\\"\\\"Whirlpool\\\"\\\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8362480\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did I Get Here?\",\n \"text\": \"How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \\\"EP 3\\\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \\\"\\\"Whirlpool\\\"\\\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8362479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (ride)\",\n \"text\": \"Kings Island Amusement Park, or the one in Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California. In quite a few other \\\"Red Baron\\\" type kiddie rides, adults and parents are allowed to ride on the rides, such as \\\"The Busy Bees\\\" and \\\"Amazing Flying Elephants\\\" at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, or at the Red Baron Ride at Funderland in Sacramento, California. Another place where adults can ride on a Red Baron type ride is at Disneyland and Walt Disney World, where Dumbo the Flying Elephant has been a perennial favorite of not only toddlers, preschoolers and young children, but teenagers,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16289229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"N104RB Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"a lock light on the left wheel; after multiple touch-and-go tests at an Edwards Air Force Base runway, he determined that it was not safe to land. He ejected, and N104RB crashed in the desert. N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\\\" to a \\\"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\\\". Some critics compared \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". Alex Kristelis of \\\"Bustle\\\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \\\"Khaleej Times\\\" writer called \\\"Anaconda\\\" a \\\"blatant copy\\\" of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", with Minaj's song sharing \\\"the lyrical blue print and theme\\\" of Lil' Kim's. \\\"Westword\\\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \\\"How\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (aircraft)\",\n \"text\": \"from the fire, yet Hinton survived with a broken back, leg, and ankle. His survival is attributed by one of the lead engineers, Pete Law, to additional braces and a roll bar installed on the cockpit. The \\\"Red Baron\\\" was destroyed in the crash. Steve Hinton's company, Fighter Rebuilders, moved the dataplate, tailnumber 413334, and registration number NL7715C to P-51D serial number 44-73053, \\\"Wee Willy II\\\". Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \\\"Miss R.J.\\\" and \\\"Roto-Finish Special\\\", winning Unlimited Gold\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758183\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1990 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Great Warplanes Series\\\" that Sierra published. The press discussed the competition between \\\"Red Baron\\\" and MicroProse's \\\"Knights of the Sky\\\". In 1997, Sierra officially released the 16-color version of \\\"Red Baron\\\" as a free download on their website as a promotion. On October 22, 2013, an unsuccessful Kickstarter campaign was started to fund a re-release of \\\"Red Baron\\\". Slye later said that \\\"Red Baron\\\"s success made Dynamix become known as a developer of flight simulators. Warren Spector—producer of Origin Systems's WW1 simulation \\\"Wings of Glory\\\"—was a fan, calling it \\\"an astonishing accomplishment\\\". \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\" approved of \\\"Red Baron\\\"s accurate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Baron Sinha\",\n \"text\": \"baron in 1989, though he did not file a formal claim to the title. He died young and without issue three years later. The fourth baron was succeeded in the barony by his uncle, a retired sales manager and the younger son of the second baron. Prior to the death of the fourth baron, however, it was thought that his uncle, the heir presumptive, had predeceased his nephew, possibly without heirs. Desiring to keep his new status a secret, the new Lord Sinha did not register his claim with the British authorities. In 1996, the fourth baron's sister notified the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2713001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cesare Magistrini\",\n \"text\": \"he was engaging in serious dogfights, during one of which he was seriously wounded but continued fighting. On 10 May 1917, he was awarded a Silver Medal for Military Valor for his tenacity in this engagement. Nevertheless, the wound did not prevent him from scoring his first aerial victory on 17 June, when he forced an enemy Albatros to land. On 18 July, Magistrini backed Guido Nardini on the latter's victory, but Magistrini's own victory claim for participation was denied. He would stake one more unconfirmed claim before transferring to \\\"91a Squadriglia\\\" on 1 November. On 23 November, Magistrini shared\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13892410\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flying Ace Aerial Chase\",\n \"text\": \"Flying Ace Aerial Chase Flying Ace Aerial Chase is a Suspended Family Coaster designed and built by Vekoma. The roller coaster debuted at Kings Island in 2001, and was followed by another identical installation that launched at Carowinds in 2003. Originally, both rides opened as Rugrats Runaway Reptar, themed to the Nickelodeon animated television series \\\"Rugrats\\\" and its two-part episode \\\"Runaway Reptar\\\". Following Cedar Fair's acquisition of both parks in 2006, both were eventually re-themed to the \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" comic strip series in the 1960s by \\\"Peanuts\\\" creator Charles Schulz, undergoing a name change in the process.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14903406\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \\\"Peanuts\\\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the Flying Circus: Jagdgeschwader 1, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and other enemies of the war. Planned releases for the Xbox and GameCube were cancelled due to low sales and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9122698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"limited resources, respectively. The PSP version received \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\", while the PlayStation 2 and PC versions received \\\"average\\\" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \\\"Peanuts\\\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9122699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"the play setting. An exclamation mark appears whenever one million points are scored. \\\"Snoopy and the Red Baron\\\" was released in 1983. This game play-tested better than the Atari 2600 game \\\"Bugs Bunny\\\", therefore \\\"Bugs Bunny\\\" was shelved, allowing \\\"Snoopy and the Red Baron\\\" to enter the market. The game was released with a Children's Computer Workshop cartridge label, which was used on very few games for the Atari 2600. \\\"Snoopy and the Red Baron\\\" was the only released game in Atari's \\\"Peanuts\\\" video game series, having a planned but unreleased game titled \\\"Good Luck, Charlie Brown\\\". Snoopy and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16922025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \\\"Spicks and Specks\\\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \\\"How Many Birds\\\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17736986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"How Many Fucks\\\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \\\"sexy\\\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \\\"risqué\\\" outfits. \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \\\"Daily Mail\\\" stated that the single would likely \\\"lift her from relative obscurity\\\" and joked that the lyrics \\\"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\\\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" is a pop rap\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (custom car)\",\n \"text\": \"The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed in Lincoln, Nebraska. It later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18030412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (custom car)\",\n \"text\": \"inspired a Hot Wheels car. The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18030413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Baron Sinha\",\n \"text\": \"British press that her uncle was still alive and resident in England. He was duly recognised as the fifth Baron Sinha, but continued to refuse his claim to the peerage. On the death of the fifth baron in 1999, he was succeeded by his elder son, the present sixth baron, who did not claim his seat in the House of Lords before most hereditary peers lost their right to sit in parliament as a result of the House of Lords Act 1999. The sixth baron continues to claim the title as of 2015. The current holder of the title, Arup\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2713002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"Housewives of Beverly Hills\\\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\",\n \"text\": \"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \\\"American Idol\\\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11647283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11647282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Enstone\",\n \"text\": \"how to list a claim, Aerial victory standards of World War I can be instructive. Please supply source(s) of information for entries. Present list is based on Shores \\\"et al.\\\" (1990), p. 150, with additional sources noted for specific instances. James Enstone Captain Albert James Enstone (29 August 1895 – 4 October 1963) was a British World War I flying ace. Various sources credit him with differing air victory scores. In one text, he is credited with 13 confirmed aerial victories and driving down 11 other German aircraft, including three Gotha bombers. Another source claims 15 confirmed aerial victories; ten\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14202827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Super Robot Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \\\"Robot Empire\\\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother Ken Kureinai. Ken is a member of SSI (Secret Science Investigation), a highly skilled team of scientists that practice ninjitsu, and uses Red Baron to aid the team in their efforts to stop the Iron Masked Party from taking over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11009280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"an advertising license. (The Guardsmen, meanwhile, hedged their bets by recording an alternative version of the song, called \\\"Squeaky vs. the Black Knight\\\"; some copies of this version were issued by Laurie Records in Canada.) UFS won the suit, the penalty being that all publishing revenues from the song would go to them. Schulz did allow the group to write more Snoopy songs. The song begins with a background commentary in faux German: \\\"Achtung! Jetzt wir singen zusammen die Geschichte über den Schweinköpfigen Hund und den lieben Red Baron,\\\" which is a purposeful mistranslation of the English: \\\"Attention! We will\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340814\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial ramming\",\n \"text\": \"sullen Sgt. Major Takuwa said to him \\\"The B-24 was going down. Kamiguchi did not need to ram it!\\\" I. Hata, Y. Izawa, and C. Shores in \\\"Japanese Army Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces 1939–1945\\\" includes the biography of Capt. Ito of the 64th Sentai which states: “He later transferred to the 3rd Chutai, and was to claim eight victories, including a B-24 over Rangoon on 26 October 1943.” According to Ichimura, Sgt. Maj. Takuwa's account was not included in this source as only aces with nine or more victories were given a biography in the book. On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14989016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial warfare in the Winter War\",\n \"text\": \"Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from 30 November 1939 to 13 March 1940. While the Soviet air forces greatly outnumbered the Finnish Air Force, the Soviet bombing campaign was largely ineffective, and Finnish pilots and antiaircraft gunners inflicted significant losses on the Soviets. The Soviet Union enjoyed air superiority throughout the war. The Soviet Air Force, supported the Red Army's invasion with about 2,500 aircraft of the Soviet Air Forces, (the most common of which was the Tupolev\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13567550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" is a novelty song written by Phil Gernhard and Dick Holler and recorded in 1966 by the Florida-based pop group The Royal Guardsmen. The song was recorded at the Charles Fuller Productions studio in Tampa, Florida, and was released as a single on Laurie Records. Bowing at #122 on the Bubbling Under the Hot 100 on December 10, 1966, the single skyrocketed to #30 on December 17, 1966 , shot up again to #7 on December 24, 1966 , and peaked at #2 on the Hot 100 during the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340811\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did This Get Made?\",\n \"text\": \"has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast \\\"How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories\\\" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18181356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" have a \\\"glossier and far more commercial\\\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" peaked at number 75 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\",\n \"text\": \"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17736987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\",\n \"text\": \"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17173777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17173776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II\",\n \"text\": \"over friendly territory a damaged aircraft may have been claimed as an aerial victory by its opponent while the aircraft was later salvaged and restored to an operational status. In this situation the loss may not appear in the records while the claim remains confirmed. Overclaiming can also occur for political or propaganda reasons. It was common for both sides to inflate figures for \\\"kills\\\" or deflate figures for losses in broadcasts and news reports. Overclaiming during World War II has been the centre of much scrutiny, partly because of the significant amount of air combat relative to other conflicts.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12060156\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron Airlines\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from the University of Florida\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11451343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron Airlines\",\n \"text\": \"on September 12, 1980. Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11451345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1980 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Red Baron\\\" was released as part of the \\\"\\\" title for Windows, and later on the Xbox & PlayStation 2 in \\\"Atari Anthology\\\". This version included parts of the cabinet art surrounding the game screen. The game is also available on Atari Greatest Hits Volume 2 for the DS. Red Baron (1980 video game) Red Baron is an arcade game developed by Atari, Inc and released in 1980. A first-person flight simulator game, the player takes the role of a World War I ace in a biplane fighting on the side of the Allies. The game is named after the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6029151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1980 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"(AVG) circuit boards and by switching the PROM's they could be interchanged (with very minor jumper additions). \\\"Red Baron\\\" and \\\"Battlezone\\\" use different auxiliary boards which are not interchangeable. \\\"Electronic Games\\\" reported that \\\"Red Baron\\\" was not successful in arcades despite \\\"gorgeous quadra-scan graphics and magnificent audio frills\\\", and expressed hope that \\\"this marvelous flight simulator with a combat theme will re-emerge in home format some day\\\". While playing \\\"Red Baron\\\" in 1982, Bill Stealey and Sid Meier decided to create what became MicroProse's first game, \\\"Hellcat Ace\\\". The company later obtained the unit they had played as a memento.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6029150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \\\"Guitar World\\\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \\\"was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\",\n \"text\": \"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17274670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"Wolf's \\\"How Many More Years\\\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \\\"Dazed and Confused\\\". In a contemporary review for \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" called \\\"How Many More Times\\\" as the album's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1980 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"versions of \\\"Battlezone\\\" (also released in 1980) and \\\"Red Baron\\\" share the same cabinet. In \\\"Battlezone\\\", the player looks through a window that was shaped like a tank periscope. Side-view windows were available on both sides for people not playing the game to watch the action. \\\"Battlezone\\\" utilizes a two-way mirror to superimpose the monitor display (mounted horizontally) on a tank \\\"interior\\\" background. Although \\\"Red Baron\\\" uses the same cabinet as \\\"Battlezone\\\", no mirror is used and the monitor is mounted vertically, with the player viewing the display directly. \\\"Battlezone\\\" and \\\"Red Baron\\\" both used the same \\\"Analog Vector Generator\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6029149\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"most representative cut\\\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \\\"strained and unconvincing\\\". How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\\\". It was a double-sided hit with \\\"Moanin' at Midnight\\\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17274665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Baron of Arizona\",\n \"text\": \"The Baron of Arizona The Baron of Arizona is a 1950 American Western film directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Vincent Price and Ellen Drew. The film concerns a master forger's attempted use of false documents to lay claim to the territory of Arizona late in the 19th century. It is based on the case of James Reavis, whose scheme came close to success, but many of the film's details are fictionalized. The notorious attempt by swindler James Reavis to claim the entire territory of Arizona as his own before it was granted statehood in 1912 is recounted years later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11248458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \\\"Billboard\\\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \\\"Lil' Kim Essentials\\\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \\\"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\\\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \\\"Oops\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial photography\",\n \"text\": \"artistic projects. An example of how aerial photography is used in the field of archaeology is the mapping project done at the site Angkor Borei in Cambodia from 1995–1996. Using aerial photography, archaeologists were able to identify archaeological features, including 112 water features (reservoirs, artificially constructed pools and natural ponds) within the walled site of Angkor Borei. In the United States, aerial photographs are used in many Phase I Environmental Site Assessments for property analysis. In the United States, except when necessary for take off and landing, full-sized manned aircraft are prohibited from flying at altitudes under 1000 feet over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2150414\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did This Get Made?\",\n \"text\": \"This is often referenced in \\\"How Did This Get Made\\\", often by Jason and June, annoyed at how they hadn't been invited to host this new podcast, instead being subjected to the bad films that HDTGM cover. The show is released every two weeks. During the show's off week, a \\\".5\\\" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the \\\"How Did This Get Made?\\\" stream hosted the first three episodes of Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider's \\\"Bitch Sesh\\\" podcast in December 2015. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18181355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfight\",\n \"text\": \"which at the time was the fifth largest in the world. By the second day of the war, the Coalition achieved air superiority. Many dogfights occurred during the short conflict, often involving many planes. By the end of January, 1991, the term \\\"furball\\\" became a popular word to describe the hectic situation of many dogfights, occurring at the same time within the same relatively small airspace. By the end of the war, the U.S. claimed 39 Iraqi aircraft in air-to-air victories to the loss of only one F/A-18 and one drone. Of the 39 victories, 36 were taken by F-15\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2615620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1990 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"flying newer aircraft. Depending on how well the player does, they can be assigned to an aerodrome that has a famous ace and can fly missions with them, and depending on the time period and the location of the aerodrome, the player can encounter the famous enemy aces that were in the area during that time period. A multiplayer version of the game was available on The Sierra Network. Two to four pilots competed in games lasting for ten minutes or three deaths. Sierra acquired Dynamix while \\\"Red Baron\\\" was being developed, and it became the first game in Dynamix's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon? \\\"How Many Miles to Babylon\\\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are:How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light. A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13231793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts\",\n \"text\": \"Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts Flight Lieutenant Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts (9 May 1896 – 1 June 1989) was a British World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During his aerial combat career, and in different dogfights, he engaged two famous German aces; he was one of the British pilots who downed Werner Voss, and on 9 January 1918, he shot down and killed Max Ritter von Muller. He also served in the Royal Air Force during and after World War II. Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts was born in Towyn, Wales in May 1896. Chidlaw-Roberts attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14587989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tsarist officers in the Red Army\",\n \"text\": \"Red Army. There are tens of thousands of old colonels and other officers in its ranks. If we had not taken them into service and them work for us, we could not have created the Army...only with their help was the Red Army able to win the victories that it did.\\\" Immediately following the conflict the former Tsarists made up the majority of the General Staff Academy's faculty and constituted over 90 percent of all instructional and administrative staff at military schools. The Stavka was organised in a manner very similar to its Tsarist antecedent and much of the military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20480727\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Shadows\",\n \"text\": \"traps, such as machine gun nests and anti-personnel mines with the use of other kinds of traps such as broken bridges, piranhas and grenades tied from nests above trees. Both Baron Ironblood and the Black Major weed out candidates not worthy of being Red Shadow soldiers by letting them die in the traps or shoot them with small arms. The Red Shadows weapons, vehicles and armoury consisted of: The Roboskull was an aircraft-cum-spacecraft designed exclusively by Palitoy as representative of the Red Shadows aerial threat. Piloted by the Red Wolf character, it was similar to the \\\"Star Wars\\\" TIE fighter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9773464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"a Little Doe\\\", a track from her 1996 album \\\"Hard Core\\\", and a remix of the American trio Intro's 1995 single \\\"Funny How Time Flies\\\". The rapper further introduces herself as \\\"the female Mack\\\". \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" received primarily positive reviews from music critics following its release and during retrospective reviews. Commentators praised the single for its sexual content. Michelle Goldberg of \\\"Salon\\\" wrote that Lil' Kim maintained a focus on her \\\"playfully ripe side\\\" from \\\"Hard Core\\\". Noisey's Adria Young referred to its lyrics in 2015 as \\\"some of the rap diva’s most raunchy verses to date\\\", citing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Super Robot Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"the world. Later in the series, the Iron Masked Party is revealed to be an organization from Mars and led by the renegade super computer Garis Q and intends to destroy the world as practice before taking over the universe. Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \\\"Robot Empire\\\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11009281\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["80","eighty"],"string":"[\n \"80\",\n \"eighty\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":582,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which great guitarist had the first names aaron thibodaux?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area","text":"the MSA was $35,073, and the median income for a family was $40,208. Males had a median income of $34,735 versus $20,095 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $15,930. The Houma-Thibodaux-Bayou Cane region's economy is strongly oriented toward the production of petroleum and natural gas. It is notable that during the Great Recession, the region maintained low unemployment rates. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the region registered a 3.5% unemployment rate in February 2009, the lowest of any metro area in the United States. Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area The Houma-Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical","psg_id":"7654560"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"1979 until 2011. The company sold this and other regional newspapers to Halifax Media Group. Cable television and Internet are provided in Thibodaux by Reserve Telecommunications, AT&T, and Charter Spectrum. Thibodaux, Louisiana Thibodaux ( ) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States, along the banks of Bayou Lafourche in the northwestern part of the parish. The population was 14,567 at the 2010 census. Thibodaux is a principal city of the Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thibodaux is nicknamed \"Queen City of Lafourche.\" The first European colonists were French, who settled here in the","psg_id":"1084034"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"longtime friend and supporter of Thibodaux in previous elections, decided to enter the race, the Republican party gave Boustany the endorsement. Thibodaux endorsed Boustany in the general election, who went on to defeat State Senator Willie Mount of Lake Charles with 55 percent of the vote, and became the first Republican elected to represent Louisiana's 7th District. In 2008, then State Senator Donald R. Cravins, Jr., lost his bid against Boustany. After Thibodaux's death, Boustany stated that Thibodaux's death was \"a great loss for the people of Lafayette Parish, particularly for those of us who were proud to call him","psg_id":"10016031"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"1965 to 1972, before he was elected to his first of four terms as governor of Louisiana. Edwards supported his protégé, John Breaux, to run as his successor. Breaux held the seat until 1986 before being elected to the U.S. Senate for the first of three terms in which he became one of the nation's most influential legislators. Breaux then supported Jimmy Hayes of Lafayette, who won the seat as his successor in 1986. Thibodaux lost his 1990 bid to the two-term incumbent Hayes. Thibodaux received almost 70,000 votes, nearly 40 percent of the vote. In 1996, Thibodaux launched a","psg_id":"10016026"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"Thibodaux, Louisiana Thibodaux ( ) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States, along the banks of Bayou Lafourche in the northwestern part of the parish. The population was 14,567 at the 2010 census. Thibodaux is a principal city of the Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thibodaux is nicknamed \"Queen City of Lafourche.\" The first European colonists were French, who settled here in the 18th century when the area was claimed as part of La Louisiane. They imported African slaves as workers and developed sugar cane plantations. This was incorporated as a town in","psg_id":"1084019"},{"title":"Thibodaux massacre","text":"private property, with plans for examination and proper burial in volunteered churchyards of any victims found. In May 2017 the Thibodaux City Council officially condemned the violence and acknowledged that the event occurred. The Lafourche Parish Council did likewise in November 2017. \"The Thibodaux Massacre: Racial Violence and the 1887 Sugar Cane Labor Strike\" a book released in Nov. 2016 by The History Press written by John DeSantis, provides eyewitness accounts obtained from documents in the U.S. National Archives and names eight of the victims. It also provides a detailed history of a U.S. Civil War veteran who was wounded","psg_id":"15757909"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"to serve a full term in the election that fall. In 2011, the Lafayette Parish School System announced the opening of the David Thibodaux Career and Technical High School. The mission of the new school was to provide students career and technical industry-based certification and college credit, which was a vision Thibodaux had fought for in the years before his death. At the time of his death, Roger F. Villere, Jr., chairman of the Louisiana Republican Party, heralded Thibodaux as a pioneer of the GOP in southwestern Louisiana. Disenfranchised with the controlling Democratic Party due to widespread corruption throughout the","psg_id":"10016023"},{"title":"Thibodaux High School","text":"Thibodaux High School Thibodaux High School (THS) is a public high school serving students in grades 9–12 in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States about 75 miles southwest of New Orleans. It is one of three high schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. It serves: Thibodaux, Ward 6 (including Chackbay and Choctaw), and Kraemer (a.k.a. Bayou Boeuf). The school was founded circa 1908 at the site of what is now Thibodaux Elementary School. One of its first principals was L. L. Broussard. Later the school was moved a block away to the current site of East Thibodaux Middle School. In 1967,","psg_id":"11472557"},{"title":"Thibodaux High School","text":"including: Thibodaux High won a football state championship in 1991. Thibodaux High School Thibodaux High School (THS) is a public high school serving students in grades 9–12 in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States about 75 miles southwest of New Orleans. It is one of three high schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. It serves: Thibodaux, Ward 6 (including Chackbay and Choctaw), and Kraemer (a.k.a. Bayou Boeuf). The school was founded circa 1908 at the site of what is now Thibodaux Elementary School. One of its first principals was L. L. Broussard. Later the school was moved a block away to","psg_id":"11472559"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"1830 under the name Thibodauxville, in honor of local planter Henry Schuyler Thibodaux. He provided land for the village center and served as acting governor of Louisiana in 1824. The area was developed in the antebellum period for sugar cane plantations, and Thibodaux was the trading center of the agricultural area. The name was changed to Thibodeaux in 1838. The current spelling Thibodaux was officially adopted in 1918. In 1896, the first rural free delivery of mail in Louisiana began in Thibodaux. It was the second such RFD in the United States. In October 1862, following the Battle of Georgia","psg_id":"1084020"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"Janet Thibodaux (November 15, 1932 – January 27, 2006). He graduated from Cathedral Carmel Catholic High School in Lafayette. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from ULL, (then known as the University of Southwestern Louisiana). He obtained his Ph.D. from Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, before he joined the UL Lafayette faculty in 1980. In addition to his father, Thibodaux was survived by his wife, the former Melody Faul; five children, Benjamin Albert Thibodaux and his wife, the former Wendi Robertson, Shannon Ashley Thibodaux, Jeremy David Thibodaux, Claire Michaelle Thibodaux, and Rachel Christine Thibodaux;","psg_id":"10016035"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"in Thibodaux. The United States Postal Service operates the Thibodaux Post Office. ZIP codes for Thibodaux are 70301, 70302, and 70310. Thibodaux's area code is 985. Residents are zoned to schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. Zoned elementary schools include: Zoned middle schools include: Thibodaux residents are zoned to Thibodaux High School. Catholic schools include: Colleges: From 1950 until 1968 C.M. Washington High School served as the segregated school for African Americans in Thibodaux. The local newspaper is \"The Daily Comet\". It was founded in 1889 as \"Lafourche Comet\". It was owned by The New York Times Company from","psg_id":"1084033"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"and Jimmy; and his lifelong friend Alfred Boustany; said that Thibodaux \"worked tirelessly to help the children of Lafayette Parish. He never stopped.\" According to his obituary in \"The Daily Advertiser\", the passionate Thibodaux was a man of the people and for the people. Dedicated to making a difference in the world, he served in public office and actively participated in his community. Family values and education were his passions and this showed in all of his endeavors. He was not afraid to fight for everything he believed in, even against great odds. . . . \" Services were held","psg_id":"10016037"},{"title":"Henry S. Thibodaux","text":"He first settled on what was known as the \"Acadian coast\" of the Mississippi River, in St. James Parish. Thibodeaux (spelling changed to \"Thibodaux\") was married twice, first to Félicité Bonvillain, who bore him three children before she died a few years later. Then he married Bridgette Bélanger, with whom he had five children who lived to adulthood. Thibodaux had five sons in total. Among the sons was Bannon Goforth Thibodeaux, who was elected as a Democratic Member of Congress in the 1840s. Before entering politics, Bannon practiced the trade of shoemaker. Bannon G. Thibodeaux was later elected by the","psg_id":"9550065"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"was to provide students career and technical industry-based certification and college credit, which was a vision Thibodaux had fought for in the years before his death. The school was rededicated as the David Thibodaux STEM Magnet Academy the following school year, which extended enrollment from 6th through 11th grade, with a 12th grade to be added for the 2013 school year. Students at the school will train specifically for careers in science, technology, engineering or mathematics – hence the acronym. Principal Jeff Debetaz states that students at the STEM Academy choose from several specializations that include biomedical, environmental science, nutrition","psg_id":"10016039"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"third campaign for the 7th District seat. Hayes switched to Republican affiliation and vacated his House seat to seek the open U.S. Senate position in 1996. With the 7th Congressional seat open, Thibodaux saw the election as the best opportunity for a Republican to carry the 7th district for the first time. Under the unique Louisiana primary system, Thibodaux lost a spot in the general election against Democrat Chris John by only twelve votes. On election night, Thibodaux was projected as finishing in second place, ensuring a spot in the general election, over 200 votes ahead of the third-place finisher","psg_id":"10016027"},{"title":"Thibodaux massacre","text":"during the incident and whose records provide new information and insight. Thibodaux massacre The Thibodaux massacre was a racial attack mounted by white paramilitary groups in Thibodaux, Louisiana in November 1887. It followed a three-week strike during the critical harvest season by an estimated 10,000 workers against sugar cane plantations in four parishes: Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, and Assumption parishes. The strike was the largest in the industry and the first conducted by a formal labor organization, the Knights of Labor. At planters' requests, the state sent in militia to protect strikebreakers, and work resumed on some plantations. Black workers","psg_id":"15757910"},{"title":"Thibodaux massacre","text":"Thibodaux massacre The Thibodaux massacre was a racial attack mounted by white paramilitary groups in Thibodaux, Louisiana in November 1887. It followed a three-week strike during the critical harvest season by an estimated 10,000 workers against sugar cane plantations in four parishes: Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, and Assumption parishes. The strike was the largest in the industry and the first conducted by a formal labor organization, the Knights of Labor. At planters' requests, the state sent in militia to protect strikebreakers, and work resumed on some plantations. Black workers and their families were evicted from plantations in Lafourche and Terrebonne","psg_id":"15757893"},{"title":"Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana)","text":"properties in the \"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\", which also includes: Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana) The Grand Theatre was a historic theatre building located at 401 Green Street in Thibodaux, Louisiana. Built in the 1920s, the building was a two-story Classical Revival commercial building with a pilastered front. It had a large open auditorium with a second story gallery over the lobby. The building was already vacant at the time of National Register submission in 1986. It was demolished to make space for a parking lot in June 1995. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on","psg_id":"20792706"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"buried in the Episcopal Cemetery on Jackson Street. The mayor of Thibodaux is elected at-large and is currently Tommy Eschete. The city council of seven is elected from five single-member districts, and two at-large members. Thibodaux is in Parish Council Districts 1, 2, 3, and 4. In the Louisiana Legislature, Thibodaux is represented by Rep. Jerome Richard (I-Thibodaux) and Sen. Bret Allain (R-Jeanerette). In the United States Congress, it is represented by Rep. Garret Graves (R-Baton Rouge), Sen. Bill Cassidy (R- Baton Rouge) and Sen. John Neely Kennedy (R- Madisonville). The Louisiana Office of Juvenile Justice operates the Thibodaux Office","psg_id":"1084032"},{"title":"Henry S. Thibodaux","text":"appointment as a Federal judge, Thibodaux succeeded him, serving as Acting Governor until Henry Johnson was elected. Thibodaux was campaigning for the elected seat of governor in 1827 when he died on October 24, while touring near Bayou Terrebonne. Thibodaux was interred at Halfway Cemetery in Houma, Louisiana. Henry S. Thibodaux Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (1769 – October 24, 1827) was a planter and politician, who served one month in 1824 as the fourth Governor of Louisiana. At the time that Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned in 1824 to accept appointment as a federal judge, Thibodaux was President of the State","psg_id":"9550067"},{"title":"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area","text":"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area The Houma-Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area in the Acadiana region of southern Louisiana, United States that covers two parishes - Lafourche and Terrebonne. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 208,178. The parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Thibodaux, is located 15 miles NNW from the parish seat of Terrebonne Parish, Houma. Bayou Cane is the commercial district of Terrebonne Parish and Lafourche Parish and is commonly referred to by locals as Houma. In 2014, \"Forbes\" magazine ranked Houma-Thibodaux as the eighth-fastest-growing small city in the United States. The","psg_id":"7654558"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"relic of St. Vitalis, is displayed near St. Valérie's reliquary. St. Valérie has traditionally been invoked for intercession in protecting Thibodaux from hurricanes. Richard D'Alton Williams, a well-known 19th-century Irish patriot, poet, and physician, died of tuberculosis in Thibodaux in 1862, and is buried in St. Joseph Cemetery. His headstone was erected that year by Irish members of the 8th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, then encamped in Thibodaux. A famous Mississippi blues musician, Eddie \"Guitar Slim\" Jones, is buried in Thibodaux, where he often played, and where his manager, Hosea Hill, resided. Two-term Governor of Louisiana Francis T. Nicholls is","psg_id":"1084031"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"a new election in front of the Senate Rules Committee. After a 10-month investigation revealed that fraud had occurred, the committee voted 8–7 along party lines to uphold the election results. Thibodaux chose not to pursue his own challenge of the results of the House race. Chris John went on to defeat Hunter Lundy in the general election and held the seat until he ran for the U.S. Senate in 2004, when he was defeated by the Republican David Vitter. When John vacated the seat, Thibodaux decided to run again. However, when a recently retired physician, Charles Boustany, Jr., a","psg_id":"10016030"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"strikebreakers and evicted black workers. The strike was broken in Terrebone Parish. Paramilitary forces closed off Thibodaux, where numerous black workers had taken refuge. On November 22, they began attacking the black workers and their families, killing at least 50 in what is called the \"Thibodaux massacre\" of November 22, 1887, one of the bloodiest labor disputes in U.S. history. Casualties including wounded and missing were said to be in the hundreds, but there has never been an accurate count. The cane workers returned to the plantations under conditions set by planters. In the following months, Knights of Labor organizers","psg_id":"1084026"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"Landing (Labadieville), Thibodaux was occupied by the Union Army under Godfrey Weitzel. Before they left the city, the Confederates under General Alfred Mouton (later killed in the Battle of Mansfield in De Soto Parish), burned the depot, the bridges, sugar, and supplies that they could not carry with them. In 1863, the Union under James P. Major temporarily abandoned Thibodaux but soon returned. Winters reports that terrified Negroes and whites raced into the town announcing that 3,000 Confederate cavalrymen were en route to attack Thibodaux and Lafourche Crossing. Union Colonel Thomas W. Cahill ordered an immediate retreat. The bayou bridges","psg_id":"1084021"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"David Thibodaux David Glenn Thibodaux (December 1, 1953 – March 24, 2007) was an influential professor at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for twenty-seven years and a member and officer of the Lafayette Parish School Board for twelve years. A notable political figure, he ran three times for the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 7th congressional district. He was the author of several books, including \"Political Correctness: The Cloning of the American Mind\" and numerous articles and editorials. In 1994, Thibodaux was elected to the District 7 seat on the Lafayette Parish School Board. He was re-elected","psg_id":"10016020"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"reduced class sizes, lovingly detailed in dozens of conversations over the years, was about improving education in Lafayette schools that serve low-income students. And his biggest allies in the fight against the court-ordered desegregation measures were the two black school board members, [Democrats] Ed Sam and Rickey Hardy, who resented the closure of schools in black neighborhoods.\" Mrs. Thibodaux told \"The Daily Advertiser\" that her husband \"gave everything that he could. He was the only person I knew that lost sleep over someone else’s children.\" Thibodaux was born in New Iberia in Iberia Parish, to Albert Joseph Thibodaux and Charlie","psg_id":"10016034"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"$31,464 versus $21,144 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,966. About 20.6% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.3% of those under age 18 and 18.2% of those age 65 or over. The Roman Catholic patron saints of Thibodaux are Saint Valérie, an early Christian martyr, and Saint Vitalis of Milan, her husband, also a martyr. A life-sized reliquary of Saint Valérie, containing an arm bone, was brought to Thibodaux in 1868 and is displayed in her shrine in St. Joseph Co-Cathedral in Thibodaux. A smaller reliquary, with a","psg_id":"1084030"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"and dietetics, engineering, early childhood development and advanced learning. \"Traditional courses, like English and history, are part of the curriculum, but technology is incorporated into every subject\", Debetaz said. The program not only gets students ready for college, it also offers dual enrollment. Through an arrangement with Southwest Louisiana Community College, STEM Academy students can take classes that count toward a college degree, as well as a high school diploma. Currently, there are over 1000 students at the David Thibodaux STEM Magnet Academy. David Thibodaux David Glenn Thibodaux (December 1, 1953 – March 24, 2007) was an influential professor at","psg_id":"10016040"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"a friend. He will always be remembered for his passionate and relentless pursuit of improving public education for our communities in Lafayette Parish.\" Roger F. Villere, Jr., chairman of the Louisiana Republican Party, declared a statewide day of mourning and remembrance for Thibodaux, whom Villere described as: \"a Republican pioneer in Acadiana\". I ask all Louisiana citizens to join me in honoring Dr. David Thibodaux and the life he devoted to making Louisiana a better place. I ask all of you to keep David's family and friends in your prayers.\" Bill Decker of the \"Lafayette Daily Advertiser\" described Thibodaux thus:","psg_id":"10016032"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"\"[He was] a movement conservative who might not appreciate the appropriation of Democrat Al Smith’s nickname. But Thibodaux was a happy warrior. [He] taught a generation of kids at ULL, and took on mamby-pamby language and knee-jerk liberals in a pair of books. At the time of his death, he was locked in the battle for which he may be remembered most: his duel with U.S. District Judge Richard Haik over school desegregation. Thibodaux fought Haik every way he knew how. \"His opposition was about the proper role of the judiciary, not about indifference to the kids. His push for","psg_id":"10016033"},{"title":"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)","text":"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana) St. Joseph Co-Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Francis de Sales in Houma it is the seat of the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. It is also the oldest parish in the diocese. The church building and rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saint Joseph's Co-Cathedral and Rectory on March 5, 1986 as part of the \"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\". St. Joseph Parish first began to organize in 1813 and was founded as a mission to Assumption Church in Plattenville in","psg_id":"15954531"},{"title":"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)","text":"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana) St. Joseph Co-Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Francis de Sales in Houma it is the seat of the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. It is also the oldest parish in the diocese. The church building and rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saint Joseph's Co-Cathedral and Rectory on March 5, 1986 as part of the \"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\". St. Joseph Parish first began to organize in 1813 and was founded as a mission to Assumption Church in Plattenville in","psg_id":"15954526"},{"title":"Aaron Valero","text":"Aaron Valero Aaron Valero (1913–2000) was an Israeli physician and educator who helped establish hospitals and medical schools, authored medical publications and contributed greatly to the advancement of medical education in Israel in the latter half of the 20th century. Aaron Valero was born in Jerusalem to a distinguished Sephardi family which had settled in Palestine in the early 19th century and on his mother's side, in the late 15th century. His father, Chaim Aharon Valero, was a prominent Jerusalem banker. Valero's great-grandfather, Jacob Valero, established the first bank in Palestine. Jacob Saul Elyashar, the father of Valero's great-great-grandmother, had","psg_id":"6829014"},{"title":"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux","text":"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux, 360 U.S. 25 (1959), was a case in which the Supreme Court created a new doctrine of abstention. The city of Thibodaux, citing a 1900 state law, Act 111, sought to condemn buildings, land, equipment, poles, lines, and other properties that belonged to the Louisiana Power & Light Co. and that were located in areas that had recently been annexed by the city. The company, a Florida corporation, challenged the city's authority to condemn only a part of a utility system. The","psg_id":"19814508"},{"title":"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux","text":"considerable law review commentary,” notes one observer. Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux, 360 U.S. 25 (1959), was a case in which the Supreme Court created a new doctrine of abstention. The city of Thibodaux, citing a 1900 state law, Act 111, sought to condemn buildings, land, equipment, poles, lines, and other properties that belonged to the Louisiana Power & Light Co. and that were located in areas that had recently been annexed by the city. The company, a Florida corporation, challenged the city's authority to condemn only","psg_id":"19814526"},{"title":"Henry S. Thibodaux","text":"were expelled from their homeland by the British after they defeated the French in the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America). Thibodaux was orphaned (his family was thought to have been deported from Pennsylvania) and adopted by General Philip Schuyler, an American Revolutionary War hero. Thibodaux spent his childhood in the United States and is believed to have been sent to Scotland in the 1780s for his education. After returning to the United States, Thibodaux moved to Louisiana in 1794, while it was under nominal control of the Spanish for several more years.","psg_id":"9550064"},{"title":"Henry S. Thibodaux","text":"state legislature as a United States Senator. The senior Thibodaux moved from St. James Parish to Lafourche Parish when he received a land grant from Spanish Governor Baron de Carondelet. He developed a plantation he named for Ste. Bridget. Thibodaux was later elected Justice of the Peace and to the Territorial Legislature after the United States acquired and organized the Territory of Orleans. After Louisiana became a state, from 1812 to 1824, Thibodaux served as a State Senator representing Lafourche Parish and was elected as President of the Senate in 1824. When Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned to accept an","psg_id":"9550066"},{"title":"Henry S. Thibodaux","text":"Henry S. Thibodaux Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (1769 – October 24, 1827) was a planter and politician, who served one month in 1824 as the fourth Governor of Louisiana. At the time that Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned in 1824 to accept appointment as a federal judge, Thibodaux was President of the State Senate and succeeded him as Acting Governor, until Henry Johnson was elected. Thibodaux's birth and parents are shrouded in mystery. He is thought to have been born either in Albany, New York, or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Alexis Thibodeaux and Marie Anne Blanchard of Nicolet, Quebec, Acadian refugees who","psg_id":"9550063"},{"title":"Thibodaux, Louisiana","text":"were burned, three field guns were destroyed, and as many of the men and the horses as possible were loaded . . . and ordered to Raceland. . . . Ammunition was destroyed, horses abandoned, and four field pieces were left behind. Once the area was under Union control, they ordered the slaves freed and to be paid wages. Planters in Thibodaux complained about having to negotiate labor contracts for the black workers. Alexander F. Pugh, a large sugar planter near Thibodaux, complained that Negroes and federal officers took up too much time in negotiating new labor contracts. Part of","psg_id":"1084022"},{"title":"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux","text":"dispute over oil-drilling rights to a Texas court that was far more familiar with the issues involved, is similar to the Thibodaux abstention, and some abstentions are in fact identified as Burford-Thibodaux or Thibodaux-Burford abstentions. A number of observers have commented on the difference between the rulings in Thibodaux and Allegheny County v. Frank Mashuda Co., which involved the question of whether a plaintiff's property could be confiscated under eminent domain in order to enlarge a private airport. In Allegheny County, the Court did not allow for abstention. “The apparent inconsistency between the two decisions has been the subject of","psg_id":"19814525"},{"title":"Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana)","text":"Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana) The Grand Theatre was a historic theatre building located at 401 Green Street in Thibodaux, Louisiana. Built in the 1920s, the building was a two-story Classical Revival commercial building with a pilastered front. It had a large open auditorium with a second story gallery over the lobby. The building was already vacant at the time of National Register submission in 1986. It was demolished to make space for a parking lot in June 1995. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1986. It was one of 14 individually NRHP-listed","psg_id":"20792705"},{"title":"Thibodaux massacre","text":"processed. The work stoppage threatened the entire sugar cane harvest for the year. The 1887 strike was the largest labor action in the industry, involving an estimated 10,000 workers, a tenth of whom were white. It was the first time a formal labor organization had led a strike in this region. The planters appealed to Louisiana Governor Samuel Douglas McEnery, who was also a planter. McEnery, declaring, \"God Almighty has himself drawn the color line,\" called out ten infantry companies and an artillery company of the state militia, sending the latter to Thibodaux, the parish seat and \"heart of the","psg_id":"15757900"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"percent). The two top vote-getters were Democrat (and later Republican) James A. \"Jimmy\" Hayes of Lafayette, who received 51,137 votes (30 percent). His opponent in the general election, fellow Democrat Margaret Lowenthal, the first woman to represent Calcasieu Parish in the Louisiana House of Representatives, received 42,839 votes (25 percent). In the general election, Hayes defeated Lowenthal, who remained in the state House until 1988. In 1990, Thibodaux ran again for the U.S. House for the 7th Congressional District. The seat had never been held by a Republican and was a known Democratic stronghold, famously held by Edwin Edwards from","psg_id":"10016025"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"on March 28, 2007, at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church in Lafayette. Thibodaux's eulogist was Alfred Boustany, Jr., his best friend since elementary school, and cousin of Charles Boustany, Jr. Judge Richard Haik told those in attendance: \"You are David's eulogy. People from all walks of life came here out of respect and love.\" Thibodaux was cremated and placed in his family tomb located in the cemetery of St. John's Cathedral. In 2011, the Lafayette Parish School System announced the opening of the David Thibodaux Career and Technical High School. The mission of the new school","psg_id":"10016038"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"for the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 38 in 2011 and subsequently joined the Constitution Party. With only twelve votes separating Thibodaux from a spot in the runoff, many urged Thibodaux to challenge the election results amid widespread reports of irregularities and election fraud across the state. In Louisiana's election for U.S. Senate that year, Republican Woody Jenkins contested the results of his narrow loss to Democrat Mary Landrieu claiming election fraud, including ballot tampering, voter fraud, and illegal busing in precincts statewide, including those in the 7th District. Jenkins brought his challenge to the U.S. Senate, arguing for","psg_id":"10016029"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"state in the 1970s and 1980s, Thibodaux sought to enhance the position of Louisiana's Republican Party to restore a viable two-party system in the state. He was elected to the Republican State Central Committee and served as a delegate to the 1988 Republican National Convention. In 1986, Thibodaux ran fourth, with 21,082 votes (12 percent), in a six-candidate field for the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 7th congressional district, since disbanded and merged into the 3rd district. In a strong third place was legislator James David Cain of Dry Creek in Beauregard Parish, who polled 40,554 votes (24","psg_id":"10016024"},{"title":"Thibodaux massacre","text":"casualty figure of 35. According to historian Rebecca Jarvis Scott, \"No credible official count of the victims of the Thibodaux massacre was ever made; bodies continued to turn up in shallow graves outside of town for weeks to come.\" Eric Arnesen wrote that local white residents privately admitted more than 50 workers were murdered in Thibodaux, but the total was uncertain. Along the Bayou Lafourche, black oral history has told of hundreds of casualties, including wounded and missing. James Keith Hogue attributes 50 deaths to the three-day attacks by the paramilitary, saying that in addition, numerous Knights of Labor organizers","psg_id":"15757906"},{"title":"Thibodaux massacre","text":"parishes and retreated to Thibodaux. Tensions broke out in violence on November 23, 1887, and the local white paramilitary forces attacked black workers and their families in Thibodaux. Although the total number of casualties is unknown, at least 35 black people were killed in the next three days (more historians believe 50 were killed) and as many as 300 overall killed, wounded or missing, making it one of the most violent labor disputes in U.S. history. Victims reportedly included elders, women and children. All those killed were African American. The massacre, and passage by white Democrats of discriminatory state legislation,","psg_id":"15757894"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"Democrat Hunter Lundy. However, after a week of ballot recounts, John led with 45,404 ballots (26 percent). Lundy trailed with 38,605 votes (22 percent), just 12 votes ahead of Thibodaux's 38,593 votes (also 22 percent). While Thibodaux was the endorsed Republican candidate, three other Republican candidates campaigned as well. The presence of the three other Republicans, Jim Slatten, Peter Anthony Vidrine (born November 1957) of Ville Platte in Evangeline Parish, and Charles \"Charlie\" Buckels, with a total of 25,840 votes (15 percent), cost Thibodaux an opportunity to enter a face-to-face showdown with John in the general election. Vidrine ran unsuccessfully","psg_id":"10016028"},{"title":"Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House","text":"Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House, also known as Rosella Plantation House, is a historic mansion located at 3515 LA 308, about northwest of Raceland, Louisiana. The house is a two-story Creole plantation house built in c.1814 by Jean Baptiste Thibodaux, who purchased the land parcel in 1810. The house was originally formed by four rooms. A two-story side wing was added at some time and, in the 1880s, a two-story rear wing containing a carriage area was also added to the building. The rear wing was deeply altered in 1956. The mansion was added to the National","psg_id":"20802738"},{"title":"Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House","text":"Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1982. Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House, also known as Rosella Plantation House, is a historic mansion located at 3515 LA 308, about northwest of Raceland, Louisiana. The house is a two-story Creole plantation house built in c.1814 by Jean Baptiste Thibodaux, who purchased the land parcel in 1810. The house was originally formed by four rooms. A two-story side wing was added at some time and, in the 1880s, a two-story rear wing containing a carriage area was also added to the building. The rear wing was deeply altered in","psg_id":"20802739"},{"title":"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area","text":"metropolitan area is commonly referred to by locals as the \"Houma-Thibodaux\" area. The metropolitan area's main thoroughfare is U.S. Highway 90, which runs east to west and passes directly between Houma and Thibodaux. As of the census of 2000, there were 194,477 people, 68,084 households, and 51,692 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 78.13% White, 15.40% Black, 3.91% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population. The median income for a household in","psg_id":"7654559"},{"title":"Blake Aaron","text":"Blake Aaron Blake Aaron is a guitarist, composer, recording artist and radio show host. Aaron has worked with Bernie Worrell, Bill Laswell, Billy Bass, Bobby Womack, Carlos Santana, David Benoit, Dynasty, Eric Marienthal, Fish, Fishbone, Frank Stallone, Gloria Trevi, Hiroshima, Joe Houston, Kuh Ledesma, Lakeside, Little Anthony and the Imperials, Marion Meadows, Mary Wells, Najee, Nelson Rangell, Philip Bailey, Ricky Lawson, Sheila E., Steve Reid, The Coasters, The Drifters, and The Gap Band. Aaron is also an LA-based session guitarist, TV and film composer and has been the guitarist and/or composed for such television shows and films as \"MADtv\" where","psg_id":"14627404"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"another Louisiana Republican leader, Suzanne Haik Terrell of New Orleans. Thibodaux stressed the need for money in the classroom, rather than expanded administration, which frequently placed him at odds with Lafayette Superintendent James Easton. Soon after his death, at the request of Thibodaux's family, the Lafayette Parish School Board appointed Mark Cockerham (born 1976), a former student of Thibodaux's who had worked in his congressional campaign, to fill the District 7 vacancy until a special election could be held in conjunction with the regular primary elections scheduled for October 20, 2007. With the endorsement of Thibodaux's family, Cockerham was re-elected","psg_id":"10016022"},{"title":"Aaron Marsh","text":"Aaron Marsh Aaron Marsh is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from Florida. He first gained prominence as the lead singer, guitarist, and pianist for the Florida-based indie rock band Copeland, who formed in 2000. Marsh has since gone on to numerous production projects, co-producing his own band's studio albums usually along with either Matt Goldman or Aaron Sprinkle, as well as producing The Myriad's \"You Can't Trust a Ladder\", the \"Be Fair EP\" by the band Estates, and \"The Positives\" by Person L. Marsh produced Anchor and Braille's debut album: \"Felt\", which was released on August 4,","psg_id":"10595737"},{"title":"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux","text":"did not involve a constitutional issue that could be avoided or modified by a state court interpretation of some underlying issue of state law. In Thibodaux, a ruling at the federal level would have amounted to an interpretation of a vague Louisiana law and, thus, a determination of the circumstances under which the city could or could not exercise the power it claimed to have under the 1900 Louisiana law. The decision in Thibodaux gave rise to a new principle, the \"Thibodaux abstention\", which is defined as \"[a] federal court’s act of declining to exercise its jurisdiction to allow a","psg_id":"19814523"},{"title":"Mick Murphy (guitarist)","text":"Mick Murphy (guitarist) Mick Murphy (born Michael Aaron Murphy on July 17, 1971) is an American guitarist and multi-instrumentalist (drummer, bassist, singer and songwriter) best known for his time with My Ruin and Teenage Time Killers. Murphy's playing style includes elements of classic rock and heavy metal as well as jazz, hardcore punk and thrash dance. Murphy was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, where he got into music at age nine. His older brother Sam had a record collection which made an impact on him, and Mick listened to heavy music throughout his school life. In 1975, he heard Kiss' \"Alive!\"","psg_id":"19217000"},{"title":"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux","text":"How, conceivably, can the Court justify the abdication of responsibility to exercise jurisdiction on the ground of avoiding interference and conflict with the State when the State itself desires the federal court's adjudication? It is obvious that the abstention in this case was for the convenience of the District Court, not for the State. The issues addressed in Thibodaux had previously been the subject of an earlier Supreme Court case, \"Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.\" (1941), which established a principle called the \"Pullman abstention\". Although the decisions in the two cases were similar, what set Thibodaux apart was that it","psg_id":"19814522"},{"title":"Thibodaux High School","text":"the student body was moved to its current location at the corner of Talbot Avenue and Tiger Drive. In 1968 the high school for black students, C.M. Washington High School, was dissolved due to racial integration. Therefore black students now attended the previously all-white school. In 2002, ninth grade students were added to the campus. Thibodaux was among state's top 10% in student improvement in 2013, and students' ACT scores averaged 18, below the state average of 20. In 2016 Thibodaux High scored a 97.7 in the Louisiana Department of Education's school ranking. The school competes interscholastically in several sports,","psg_id":"11472558"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"one grandson; two sisters, and two brothers. In addition to his mother, he was preceded in death by two brothers. Thibodaux died in 2007 in a Lafayette area hospital after sustaining injuries in a motor vehicle accident on U.S. Route 90. The accident occurred at an intersection where fatalities had occurred previously. After Thibodaux's death, the Lafayette City Council had a stop light placed at the intersection to prevent further loss of life. School board president Carl LaCombe, a Democrat and close friend who served as a pallbearer along with Thibodaux's two sons, Ben and Jeremy; his two brothers, Patrick","psg_id":"10016036"},{"title":"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)","text":"Msgr. Alexander Barbier. It was completed three years later in the Renaissance Revival style. The first Mass was celebrated on January 25, 1923. The ornamental marble and plaster work was added in 1931 and the final paint scheme was done in 1954. Two of the parish's that were created from St. Joseph include St. Genevieve Parish, that was established in 1959, and St. Thomas Aquinas Parish in 1970. On March 2, 1977 Pope Paul VI established the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. St. Francis de Sales Church in Houma became the cathedral of the new diocese and St. Joseph Church in Thibodaux","psg_id":"15954528"},{"title":"AARON","text":"AARON AARON is a computer program written by artist Harold Cohen that creates original artistic images. Proceeding from Cohen's initial question \"What are the minimum conditions under which a set of marks functions as an image?\", AARON has been in continual development since 1973. The name \"AARON\" does not seem to be an acronym; rather, it was a name chosen to start with the letter \"A\" so that the names of successive programs could follow it alphabetically. However, Cohen did not create any other major programs. Initial versions of AARON created abstract drawings that grew more complex through the 1970s.","psg_id":"5120346"},{"title":"Aaron Lewis","text":"Aaron Lewis Aaron Lewis (born April 13, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and founding member of the alternative metal band Staind, with whom he released seven studio albums. He has also enjoyed a successful solo career in country music with his debut EP \"Town Line\", which was released on March 1, 2011 on Stroudavarious Records. Lewis' first full-length solo release, \"The Road\", was released by Blaster Records on November 13, 2012. Lewis released his second studio album \"Sinner\" on September 16, 2016. In 2006, Lewis was ranked","psg_id":"5527010"},{"title":"Aaron Cleveland","text":"“Cleaveland.” As noted above, in 1739 Aaron Cleveland married Susannah Porter, who in addition to being the daughter of Aaron Porter was the granddaughter of Major Sewall of Salem, Massachusetts. Among their descendants were: Aaron Cleveland Aaron Cleveland (29 October 1715 – 17 August 1757 Philadelphia) was a clergyman. He established the first Presbyterian church in Canada. He was a great great grandfather of United States President Grover Cleveland. His father was also named Aaron Cleveland. At the time of the Aaron's birth his father was making a modest living as a publican in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Aaron was born,","psg_id":"14661291"},{"title":"Thibodaux massacre","text":"it up to local officials to manage from there. Parish District Judge Taylor Beattie, who owned Orange Grove Plantation and was a member of the LPSA, announced formation of a \"Peace and Order Committee\" in Thibodaux. He declared martial law, and recruited 300 white men for his committee to serve as a paramilitary group. He ordered blacks within the city limits to show a pass to enter or leave. Like many top-ranking white state officials, Beattie was an ex-Confederate and former slaveholder. He was a former member of the Knights of the White Camelia, a paramilitary group that had worked","psg_id":"15757902"},{"title":"Aaron Cleveland","text":"Aaron Cleveland Aaron Cleveland (29 October 1715 – 17 August 1757 Philadelphia) was a clergyman. He established the first Presbyterian church in Canada. He was a great great grandfather of United States President Grover Cleveland. His father was also named Aaron Cleveland. At the time of the Aaron's birth his father was making a modest living as a publican in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Aaron was born, and also working in construction. His father would later become a militia captain and a man of some wealth. The son graduated from Harvard in 1735. He was a man of great physical strength","psg_id":"14661287"},{"title":"Aaron Dugan","text":"Aaron Dugan Aaron Dugan is a guitarist, composer and songwriter originally from Philadelphia who resides in Brooklyn. Dugan has performed and recorded with a wide variety of musicians and producers including Roots Tonic, Matisyahu, Trevor Hall, Bootsy Collins, Amy Carrigan, John Zorn, Maya Dunietz, Chris Tunkel, Mark Guiliana and Bill Laswell. Dugan has clinched two Gold Records as lead guitarist on Matisyahu's \"Live at Stubb's\" and \"Youth,\" and has recorded two solo albums featuring his own compositions. Born June 20, 1977, Dugan grew up in Northeast Philadelphia. Aaron grew up with a father who wrote and played music and was","psg_id":"15168239"},{"title":"Aaron Shearer","text":"Thomas Kikta, David Starobin, and Bruce Casteel. Shearer has many publications, including his well-known \"Classical Guitar Technique\" method books, his three-volume \"Learning the Classic Guitar\" series and his newly released \"The Shearer Method-Classic Guitar Foundation\" with DVD and CD. Aaron had two older brothers, Buford Carl Shearer who died in 1988 and Gwen Dean Shearer who died in 1987. Aaron Shearer Aaron Shearer (6 September 1919 – 21 April 2008) was an American classical guitarist known primarily as a pedagogue. He was born in Anatone, Washington to Nettie Pearl Moody and Floyd David Shearer, and was a guitar pupil of","psg_id":"9850921"},{"title":"Tim Aaron","text":"Aaron lived in New York City and performed in various bands such as GobbleHoof, H.P. Zinker, and Skunk. Skunk was the first musical venture of Matt Sweeney, who later became known as a session guitarist and founding member of Chavez. Billy Corgan of the 1990s Billboard chart-topping band Smashing Pumpkins credited Skunk as a major influence. In the mid-1990s, Aaron moved to Los Angeles. There, he met directors Tom Stern and Penelope Spheeris, who hired him as a mixer, composer, and sound designer for films, music videos, and television shows. Aaron and Stern formed the performance art band Spork with","psg_id":"19086379"},{"title":"Aaron Marsh","text":"underground hip-hop. Marsh also stated that a Copeland reunion tour does not seem to be a possibility, however, they released \"Ixora\" on November 24, 2014. Marsh has contributed guest vocals on a variety of songs. Aaron Marsh Aaron Marsh is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from Florida. He first gained prominence as the lead singer, guitarist, and pianist for the Florida-based indie rock band Copeland, who formed in 2000. Marsh has since gone on to numerous production projects, co-producing his own band's studio albums usually along with either Matt Goldman or Aaron Sprinkle, as well as producing","psg_id":"10595739"},{"title":"Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo","text":"Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo is an American blues/rock trio based in Madison, Wisconsin. Led by Aaron Williams (b. 1983 or 1984) on guitar, the band’s sound is likely best described by “Ole Harv” of WVPE 88.1 (NPR) as “blues and roll for the masses.” Aaron is joined in the band by Eric Shackelford on drums and Z on bass. 365Ink says, “Compared to early George Thorogood, Williams & The Hoodoo have all the fire and swagger of the slide guitarist in his younger days, but with more finesse and way more versatility.” Pulse magazine","psg_id":"15598599"},{"title":"First Eagles: The Great War 1918","text":"down or killed, depending on the game skill level set and the players skill level. The game has a useful 'Single Mission' option that allows the user to choose their mission, aircraft type, weapons, year, nationality, weather, and time of day, and look at a map of the mission area. A set of names are generated to be included on the squadron roster and they are allocated varying skill levels (ranks). Flight above enemy territory results in anti-aircraft fire. First Eagles: The Great War 1918 First Eagles: The Great War 1918 (Also called First Eagles: The Great Air War 1918)","psg_id":"10684949"},{"title":"Aaron North","text":"Aaron North Aaron Wright North (born March 22, 1979) is an American musician. He was the co-founder and guitarist of punk band The Icarus Line, the lead guitarist of industrial rock group Nine Inch Nails, and vocalist/guitarist for Jubilee. North is noted for his chaotic and unconventional guitar approach, his use and command of feedback, and the flailing of his guitar wildly while on stage. His reputation for being outspoken both on and off the stage resulted in equal criticism and praise from fans and music journalists, mainly due to his role as co-founder and owner of Buddyhead. More infamously,","psg_id":"5003509"},{"title":"David Thibodaux","text":"in 1998, 2002, and was unopposed for his fourth term in 2006. Thibodaux was elected by the board to serve twice as board president, and had been elected to serve as vice-president in January 2007, shortly before his death. As a board member he advocated for a reduction in teacher-student ratios, pay increases for teachers, and for additional construction and maintenance of parish schools. He was integral in procuring unitary status in the lingering 40-year-old desegregation lawsuit against the school board. He made an impassioned plea for unitary status before U.S. District Court Judge Richard T. Haik, a brother of","psg_id":"10016021"},{"title":"Aaron Brennan","text":"not expecting the kiss, as he was thinking about Nate at the time. David feels embarrassed and runs off, which Wilson thought was true to the character. He explained, \"They are pretty much opposites – Aaron will always stand and fight, whereas David always chooses flight.\" In an interview on Tenplay, Wilson explains that while Aaron does have feelings for David, he knows that David needs to deal with his sexuality and have some fun first. Aaron hopes that David will return to him eventually. Wilson liked the pairing of Aaron and David, calling them \"a great couple\", and he","psg_id":"19578259"},{"title":"Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo","text":"adds, “A little classic, dirty blues, a little Black Crowes on speed and a little rockabilly. Our Pulse Pick of the week!” Aaron began his musical career at 17 years old as the lead guitarist for the Cadillac Joe Band. As part of this group, Aaron opened for artists including Coco Montoya, Taj Mahal, Leon Russell, Canned Heat, Carey Bell, and Jimmy Thackery, who promptly dubbed Aaron “The Brat with the Strat” because of his affinity for Fender guitars. Eric Shackelford has played drums since the age of 11. Majoring in music and religion in college, Eric held the position","psg_id":"15598600"},{"title":"Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great","text":"berühmt gemacht\" haben (\"Biographical Dictionary of all those heroes and military figures who have earned fame in the Prussian service\"), A Wever, 1791, has been consulted. In addition, if several members of a family served during the wars of Frederick the Great, such as the 58 men of the von Kleist family, their full names are linked; otherwise, only one identifying name is used. Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great The Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great is an outdoor sculpture in cast bronze at the east end of Unter den Linden in Berlin, Germany honoring","psg_id":"19893054"},{"title":"Michael Gallagher (guitarist)","text":"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Michael Gallagher (guitarist) Michael Gallagher is an American guitarist, best known for his work with post-metal band Isis. He joined them in 1999 for their debut LP \"Celestial\", having previously been a member of Cast Iron Hike. He has an ambient project known as MGR (Mustard Gas & Roses); under this moniker he has released two albums and scored one film. He plays a '78 Les Paul Custom, which he bought on eBay, through a Fryette Sig:x Amplifier. While playing in Isis he normally tuned his guitar down to Dropped B (B-F#-B-E-G#-C#), like his bandmate Aaron Turner. He","psg_id":"12442238"},{"title":"Michael Gallagher (guitarist)","text":"Michael Gallagher (guitarist) Michael Gallagher is an American guitarist, best known for his work with post-metal band Isis. He joined them in 1999 for their debut LP \"Celestial\", having previously been a member of Cast Iron Hike. He has an ambient project known as MGR (Mustard Gas & Roses); under this moniker he has released two albums and scored one film. He plays a '78 Les Paul Custom, which he bought on eBay, through a Fryette Sig:x Amplifier. While playing in Isis he normally tuned his guitar down to Dropped B (B-F#-B-E-G#-C#), like his bandmate Aaron Turner. He hails from","psg_id":"12442237"},{"title":"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux","text":"state court to decide difficult issues if importance in order to avoid unnecessary friction between federal and state authorities\". A key difference between the Pullman and Thibodaux doctrines is that under Pullman the court retains jurisdiction over federal issues and does not dismiss the case, while under the Thibodaux doctrine the case will, in fact, be dismissed in some instances. There are several other federal abstention doctrines that derive from various Supreme Court cases, including the so-called Younger and Colorado River abstentions. The Burford abstention, derived from \"Burford v. Sun Oil Co.\" (1943), in which a federal court sent a","psg_id":"19814524"},{"title":"Aaron the Tyrant","text":"of his work, historian Nicolae Iorga also credits the genealogy. He once described Aaron as an \"unrecognized child\" of the Prince, whom he nevertheless resembled, being \"mean and gluttonous\". Elsewhere, he credited reports that Aaron was a direct descendant of Stephen the Great. Cultural historian Răzvan Theodorescu also endorses the claim. The Moldavian classical historian Ioan Neculce renders a conflicting account. This depicts young Aaron as the nephew and servant of Moldavian Metropolitan Nicanor, with whom he lived at Agapia Monastery. While there, Aaron seduced a nun, and was caught by Nicanor while returning from her chambers. The bishop punished","psg_id":"6624039"},{"title":"It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook","text":"Stiefel Entertainment. It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart. It was released on 22 October 2002, and became the first in a five-volume series. The album was Stewart's first release for Sony Music imprint J Records. It included his second recording of \"Every Time We Say Goodbye.\" A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003, which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart's earlier material.","psg_id":"7861716"},{"title":"It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook","text":"It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart. It was released on 22 October 2002, and became the first in a five-volume series. The album was Stewart's first release for Sony Music imprint J Records. It included his second recording of \"Every Time We Say Goodbye.\" A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003, which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart's earlier material. Stiefel at","psg_id":"7861715"},{"title":"Rachel Aaron","text":"Heartstrikers series, set 20 years later. Rachel Aaron Rachel Aaron is an American author of fantasy and (under the pen name Rachel Bach) science fiction. The first book in the Paradox Series, \"Fortune's Pawn\" (2013), is a type of space opera which was called \"lots of fun\" by \"Kirkus Reviews\". \"Fortune's Pawn\" also marked Aaron's first time publishing science fiction. \"Publishers Weekly\", however, felt that the tropes of the first book in the series were cliche and made up of \"stock set pieces.\" Aaron's Paradox Series, including \"Honor's Knight\" (2014) deals with ethical questions amid \"great space battles, awesome shootouts","psg_id":"17930256"},{"title":"Rachel Aaron","text":"Rachel Aaron Rachel Aaron is an American author of fantasy and (under the pen name Rachel Bach) science fiction. The first book in the Paradox Series, \"Fortune's Pawn\" (2013), is a type of space opera which was called \"lots of fun\" by \"Kirkus Reviews\". \"Fortune's Pawn\" also marked Aaron's first time publishing science fiction. \"Publishers Weekly\", however, felt that the tropes of the first book in the series were cliche and made up of \"stock set pieces.\" Aaron's Paradox Series, including \"Honor's Knight\" (2014) deals with ethical questions amid \"great space battles, awesome shootouts and enough betrayals and alliances to","psg_id":"17930254"},{"title":"Aaron Weistrop","text":"on, produced, and written music that has been played on radio stations nationally and internationally. \"Hanukkah Blues\", co-written with Ted Wulfers, was chosen for 93XRT's on-air feature 'Hear First' as a way of introducing Wulfers as a \"promising new artist.\" Weistrop scored the opening and closing credits for the 2009 film \"Eye of the Sandman\". He was awarded a fellowship for music composition by the Illinois Arts Council in 1998. Aaron Weistrop Aaron Weistrop (born 21 April 1973) is an American guitarist and composer based out of Chicago. Weistrop was born in Fort Stewart, Georgia, and was raised in Shorewood,","psg_id":"14329807"},{"title":"Aaron Phipps","text":"became the first disabled British person to scale Mount Kilimanjaro During large parts of the ascent Phipps was forced to climb on his hands and knees because the wheelchair wasn't capable of traversing the difficult terrain but was able to complete the climb without any assistance. Aaron Phipps Aaron Phipps (born 7 April 1983) is a British wheelchair rugby player. He is part of the Great Britain national wheelchair rugby team and competed in Wheelchair rugby at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, Great Britain. On 7 January 1999 Aaron contracted Meningitis C. and Meningococcal septicemia. As a result of","psg_id":"16756193"},{"title":"Aaron Dessner","text":"Wait,\" a track written by Aaron and Matt Berninger, recorded by The National with additional vocals from Sharon Van Etten. Aaron also played an important role in The National's contribution to the HBO show Game of Thrones. In May 2012 The National's performance of \"Rains of Castamere\" played during the closing credits of season two episode nine. Though the song is not an original, Aaron helped to interpret the instruments and music so that it evoked the land of Westeros. In March 2012, Aaron, Scott Devendorf and Bryan Devendorf teamed up with Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir for a live","psg_id":"13340552"},{"title":"Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux","text":"was created by Pope Paul VI on June 5, 1977, from territory taken from the Archdiocese of New Orleans. The list of bishops of the diocese and their years of service: Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux The Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux (official Latin name: Dioecesis Humensis–Thibodensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese in southeastern Louisiana. It comprises Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes, the eastern part of St. Mary Parish including Morgan City, and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish. Bishop Shelton Fabre, formerly an Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans, is the current ordinary. Although a small diocese in terms of area (around 3,500 square","psg_id":"6407475"},{"title":"Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux","text":"Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux The Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux (official Latin name: Dioecesis Humensis–Thibodensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese in southeastern Louisiana. It comprises Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes, the eastern part of St. Mary Parish including Morgan City, and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish. Bishop Shelton Fabre, formerly an Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans, is the current ordinary. Although a small diocese in terms of area (around 3,500 square miles), it has a large Catholic population, with approximately 126,000 Catholics out of a total population of 202,000 within the parish boundaries. The diocese includes part of Cajun Louisiana. The diocese","psg_id":"6407474"},{"title":"Tommy Aaron","text":"Hall of Fame as a \"Gator Great.\" Aaron turned pro in 1960. His first professional victory came at the 1969 Canadian Open. The following year he gained his first PGA Tour victory at the Atlanta Classic. In 1972, he won the Trophée Lancôme in France. Aaron's best money year was 1972, when he finished in ninth place on the PGA Tour money list. Aaron won the Masters Tournament in 1973, which was his one major championship. He also finished in the top ten at the Masters from 1967 to 1970. His only other top ten major championship finishes came at","psg_id":"5227456"},{"title":"Aaron Johnson (musician)","text":"Billboard Music Award, and was honored as \"Producer Of The Year\" at the New England Music Awards in 2012. Aaron owns the production company \"Little Big Time Productions\" operating out of Little Big Studio in San Clemente, CA. He was the guitarist for the New York city-based rock band God or Julie before taking on mixing and producing full-time. Aaron is the brother of filmmaker Rian Johnson. Aaron Johnson (musician) Aaron Howard Johnson (born February 8, 1977) is an American music producer. Aaron has produced and mixed many artists including Alpha Rev, Secondhand Serenade, Katie Herzig, Adam Ezra, and Eve6,","psg_id":"11762455"},{"title":"Aaron (given name)","text":"in the BBC production of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus. The English name \"Aaron\" is sometimes confused with the English name \"Aron\" which is also derived from the biblical Aaron but through translation routes other than the Church of England (e.g. Scandinavian and Celtic churches) and pronounced /ærən/ (\"a-ran\" as in \"arrow\"). It is further sometimes confused with the names Arran and Aran which are also pronounced /ærən/ (\"a-ran\" as in \"arrow\") but derive from various sources unrelated to the biblical Aaron such as the Scottish Isle of Arran and Irish Aran Islands. Aeron is another unrelated name, pronounced air-ron, of an","psg_id":"8958690"},{"title":"Aaron Barrett","text":"Suburban Legends' song, \"My Friend,\" which pays homage to Barrett's career, referencing Reel Big Fish, The Forces of Evil, and \"Sell Out.\" Barrett has also produced Beebs and Her Money Makers. He appears as a guest on the song \"Crazy.\" He is also seen in the video for the song. In early 2018, he started working on his new album “Scottish Highland”, set to debut in November 2018 with the single “Scotch Egg”. Studio Albums Live Album Compilation Albums EPs Demos Other Album Credits Aaron Barrett Aaron Asher Barrett (born August 30, 1974) is the lead singer, lead guitarist, and","psg_id":"5246253"},{"title":"Aaron Novik","text":"Aaron Novik Aaron Novik (born July 21, 1974) is an American composer, clarinetist and bandleader based in San Francisco. He is involved with the Bay Area Improv Scene and is a member of Edmund Welles The Bass Clarinet Quartet which was a 2004 recipient of a New Works Creation and Presentation grant from Chamber Music America. Novik has appeared in San Francisco and New York City with guitarist Fred Frith re-creating his 1980 avant-garde dance album, \"Gravity\". Novik's most recent album \"Secrets of Secrets\" was released on John Zorn's Tzadik Records in February 2012 as part of the Radical Jewish","psg_id":"17607561"},{"title":"Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around","text":"of them are great songs which have been closely identified with – in fact, almost the personal property of great names in the business – 'April Showers,' 'Blue Heaven,' 'Thanks for the Memory,' 'Ain’t Misbehavin',' etc. Crosby gives them a personalized treatment for sure-fire deejay programming material.\" All personnel as listed on the Bing Crosby Enterprises and Universal Music deluxe, 22-track CD version: Buddy Cole (piano); Vince Terri (guitar); Don Whitaker (bass); Nick Fatool (drums); Skeets Herfurt, Harry Klee, Ted Nash (alto saxophones); Jules Jacob (tenor saxophone); Robert Lawson (baritone saxophone); Lou Raderman, Henry Hill, Ben Gill, Victor Arno, Toscha","psg_id":"8658945"},{"title":"Aaron","text":"is said: \"There [at Mosera] died Aaron.\" The rabbis also dwell with special laudation on the brotherly sentiment which united Aaron and Moses. When the latter was appointed ruler and Aaron high priest, neither betrayed any jealousy; instead they rejoiced in one another's greatness. When Moses at first declined to go to Pharaoh, saying: \"O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send\" (Exodus 4:13), he was unwilling to deprive Aaron, his brother, of the high position the latter had held for so many years; but the Lord reassured him, saying: \"Behold, when","psg_id":"21"},{"title":"Aaron the Tyrant","text":"received news that Aaron intended to \"place himself and his belongings under [Poland's] protection\"; in contrast, Paprocki noted that Aaron was accused of conspiring mainly with Andrew Báthory, the Prince's cousin and main rival. A fragmentary Wallachian chronicle, copied by Stoica Ludescu, describes all such allegations of treason as \"mendacious charges\". Similarly, Xenopol notes that the accusation itself is incongruous, since Aaron had already made a public show of his disdain for Murad. He believes that Prince Báthory was in fact angered by Aaron having declined to swear fealty during a public ceremony, which was set to take place in","psg_id":"6624074"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area\",\n \"text\": \"the MSA was $35,073, and the median income for a family was $40,208. Males had a median income of $34,735 versus $20,095 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $15,930. The Houma-Thibodaux-Bayou Cane region's economy is strongly oriented toward the production of petroleum and natural gas. It is notable that during the Great Recession, the region maintained low unemployment rates. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the region registered a 3.5% unemployment rate in February 2009, the lowest of any metro area in the United States. Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area The Houma-Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7654560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"1979 until 2011. The company sold this and other regional newspapers to Halifax Media Group. Cable television and Internet are provided in Thibodaux by Reserve Telecommunications, AT&T, and Charter Spectrum. Thibodaux, Louisiana Thibodaux ( ) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States, along the banks of Bayou Lafourche in the northwestern part of the parish. The population was 14,567 at the 2010 census. Thibodaux is a principal city of the Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thibodaux is nicknamed \\\"Queen City of Lafourche.\\\" The first European colonists were French, who settled here in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"longtime friend and supporter of Thibodaux in previous elections, decided to enter the race, the Republican party gave Boustany the endorsement. Thibodaux endorsed Boustany in the general election, who went on to defeat State Senator Willie Mount of Lake Charles with 55 percent of the vote, and became the first Republican elected to represent Louisiana's 7th District. In 2008, then State Senator Donald R. Cravins, Jr., lost his bid against Boustany. After Thibodaux's death, Boustany stated that Thibodaux's death was \\\"a great loss for the people of Lafayette Parish, particularly for those of us who were proud to call him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"1965 to 1972, before he was elected to his first of four terms as governor of Louisiana. Edwards supported his protégé, John Breaux, to run as his successor. Breaux held the seat until 1986 before being elected to the U.S. Senate for the first of three terms in which he became one of the nation's most influential legislators. Breaux then supported Jimmy Hayes of Lafayette, who won the seat as his successor in 1986. Thibodaux lost his 1990 bid to the two-term incumbent Hayes. Thibodaux received almost 70,000 votes, nearly 40 percent of the vote. In 1996, Thibodaux launched a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana Thibodaux ( ) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States, along the banks of Bayou Lafourche in the northwestern part of the parish. The population was 14,567 at the 2010 census. Thibodaux is a principal city of the Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thibodaux is nicknamed \\\"Queen City of Lafourche.\\\" The first European colonists were French, who settled here in the 18th century when the area was claimed as part of La Louisiane. They imported African slaves as workers and developed sugar cane plantations. This was incorporated as a town in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux massacre\",\n \"text\": \"private property, with plans for examination and proper burial in volunteered churchyards of any victims found. In May 2017 the Thibodaux City Council officially condemned the violence and acknowledged that the event occurred. The Lafourche Parish Council did likewise in November 2017. \\\"The Thibodaux Massacre: Racial Violence and the 1887 Sugar Cane Labor Strike\\\" a book released in Nov. 2016 by The History Press written by John DeSantis, provides eyewitness accounts obtained from documents in the U.S. National Archives and names eight of the victims. It also provides a detailed history of a U.S. Civil War veteran who was wounded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15757909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"to serve a full term in the election that fall. In 2011, the Lafayette Parish School System announced the opening of the David Thibodaux Career and Technical High School. The mission of the new school was to provide students career and technical industry-based certification and college credit, which was a vision Thibodaux had fought for in the years before his death. At the time of his death, Roger F. Villere, Jr., chairman of the Louisiana Republican Party, heralded Thibodaux as a pioneer of the GOP in southwestern Louisiana. Disenfranchised with the controlling Democratic Party due to widespread corruption throughout the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux High School\",\n \"text\": \"Thibodaux High School Thibodaux High School (THS) is a public high school serving students in grades 9–12 in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States about 75 miles southwest of New Orleans. It is one of three high schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. It serves: Thibodaux, Ward 6 (including Chackbay and Choctaw), and Kraemer (a.k.a. Bayou Boeuf). The school was founded circa 1908 at the site of what is now Thibodaux Elementary School. One of its first principals was L. L. Broussard. Later the school was moved a block away to the current site of East Thibodaux Middle School. In 1967,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11472557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux High School\",\n \"text\": \"including: Thibodaux High won a football state championship in 1991. Thibodaux High School Thibodaux High School (THS) is a public high school serving students in grades 9–12 in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States about 75 miles southwest of New Orleans. It is one of three high schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. It serves: Thibodaux, Ward 6 (including Chackbay and Choctaw), and Kraemer (a.k.a. Bayou Boeuf). The school was founded circa 1908 at the site of what is now Thibodaux Elementary School. One of its first principals was L. L. Broussard. Later the school was moved a block away to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11472559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"1830 under the name Thibodauxville, in honor of local planter Henry Schuyler Thibodaux. He provided land for the village center and served as acting governor of Louisiana in 1824. The area was developed in the antebellum period for sugar cane plantations, and Thibodaux was the trading center of the agricultural area. The name was changed to Thibodeaux in 1838. The current spelling Thibodaux was officially adopted in 1918. In 1896, the first rural free delivery of mail in Louisiana began in Thibodaux. It was the second such RFD in the United States. In October 1862, following the Battle of Georgia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"Janet Thibodaux (November 15, 1932 – January 27, 2006). He graduated from Cathedral Carmel Catholic High School in Lafayette. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from ULL, (then known as the University of Southwestern Louisiana). He obtained his Ph.D. from Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, before he joined the UL Lafayette faculty in 1980. In addition to his father, Thibodaux was survived by his wife, the former Melody Faul; five children, Benjamin Albert Thibodaux and his wife, the former Wendi Robertson, Shannon Ashley Thibodaux, Jeremy David Thibodaux, Claire Michaelle Thibodaux, and Rachel Christine Thibodaux;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"in Thibodaux. The United States Postal Service operates the Thibodaux Post Office. ZIP codes for Thibodaux are 70301, 70302, and 70310. Thibodaux's area code is 985. Residents are zoned to schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. Zoned elementary schools include: Zoned middle schools include: Thibodaux residents are zoned to Thibodaux High School. Catholic schools include: Colleges: From 1950 until 1968 C.M. Washington High School served as the segregated school for African Americans in Thibodaux. The local newspaper is \\\"The Daily Comet\\\". It was founded in 1889 as \\\"Lafourche Comet\\\". It was owned by The New York Times Company from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084033\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"and Jimmy; and his lifelong friend Alfred Boustany; said that Thibodaux \\\"worked tirelessly to help the children of Lafayette Parish. He never stopped.\\\" According to his obituary in \\\"The Daily Advertiser\\\", the passionate Thibodaux was a man of the people and for the people. Dedicated to making a difference in the world, he served in public office and actively participated in his community. Family values and education were his passions and this showed in all of his endeavors. He was not afraid to fight for everything he believed in, even against great odds. . . . \\\" Services were held\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016037\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry S. Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"He first settled on what was known as the \\\"Acadian coast\\\" of the Mississippi River, in St. James Parish. Thibodeaux (spelling changed to \\\"Thibodaux\\\") was married twice, first to Félicité Bonvillain, who bore him three children before she died a few years later. Then he married Bridgette Bélanger, with whom he had five children who lived to adulthood. Thibodaux had five sons in total. Among the sons was Bannon Goforth Thibodeaux, who was elected as a Democratic Member of Congress in the 1840s. Before entering politics, Bannon practiced the trade of shoemaker. Bannon G. Thibodeaux was later elected by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9550065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"was to provide students career and technical industry-based certification and college credit, which was a vision Thibodaux had fought for in the years before his death. The school was rededicated as the David Thibodaux STEM Magnet Academy the following school year, which extended enrollment from 6th through 11th grade, with a 12th grade to be added for the 2013 school year. Students at the school will train specifically for careers in science, technology, engineering or mathematics – hence the acronym. Principal Jeff Debetaz states that students at the STEM Academy choose from several specializations that include biomedical, environmental science, nutrition\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"third campaign for the 7th District seat. Hayes switched to Republican affiliation and vacated his House seat to seek the open U.S. Senate position in 1996. With the 7th Congressional seat open, Thibodaux saw the election as the best opportunity for a Republican to carry the 7th district for the first time. Under the unique Louisiana primary system, Thibodaux lost a spot in the general election against Democrat Chris John by only twelve votes. On election night, Thibodaux was projected as finishing in second place, ensuring a spot in the general election, over 200 votes ahead of the third-place finisher\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016027\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux massacre\",\n \"text\": \"during the incident and whose records provide new information and insight. Thibodaux massacre The Thibodaux massacre was a racial attack mounted by white paramilitary groups in Thibodaux, Louisiana in November 1887. It followed a three-week strike during the critical harvest season by an estimated 10,000 workers against sugar cane plantations in four parishes: Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, and Assumption parishes. The strike was the largest in the industry and the first conducted by a formal labor organization, the Knights of Labor. At planters' requests, the state sent in militia to protect strikebreakers, and work resumed on some plantations. Black workers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15757910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux massacre\",\n \"text\": \"Thibodaux massacre The Thibodaux massacre was a racial attack mounted by white paramilitary groups in Thibodaux, Louisiana in November 1887. It followed a three-week strike during the critical harvest season by an estimated 10,000 workers against sugar cane plantations in four parishes: Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, and Assumption parishes. The strike was the largest in the industry and the first conducted by a formal labor organization, the Knights of Labor. At planters' requests, the state sent in militia to protect strikebreakers, and work resumed on some plantations. Black workers and their families were evicted from plantations in Lafourche and Terrebonne\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15757893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana)\",\n \"text\": \"properties in the \\\"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\\\", which also includes: Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana) The Grand Theatre was a historic theatre building located at 401 Green Street in Thibodaux, Louisiana. Built in the 1920s, the building was a two-story Classical Revival commercial building with a pilastered front. It had a large open auditorium with a second story gallery over the lobby. The building was already vacant at the time of National Register submission in 1986. It was demolished to make space for a parking lot in June 1995. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20792706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"buried in the Episcopal Cemetery on Jackson Street. The mayor of Thibodaux is elected at-large and is currently Tommy Eschete. The city council of seven is elected from five single-member districts, and two at-large members. Thibodaux is in Parish Council Districts 1, 2, 3, and 4. In the Louisiana Legislature, Thibodaux is represented by Rep. Jerome Richard (I-Thibodaux) and Sen. Bret Allain (R-Jeanerette). In the United States Congress, it is represented by Rep. Garret Graves (R-Baton Rouge), Sen. Bill Cassidy (R- Baton Rouge) and Sen. John Neely Kennedy (R- Madisonville). The Louisiana Office of Juvenile Justice operates the Thibodaux Office\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry S. Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"appointment as a Federal judge, Thibodaux succeeded him, serving as Acting Governor until Henry Johnson was elected. Thibodaux was campaigning for the elected seat of governor in 1827 when he died on October 24, while touring near Bayou Terrebonne. Thibodaux was interred at Halfway Cemetery in Houma, Louisiana. Henry S. Thibodaux Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (1769 – October 24, 1827) was a planter and politician, who served one month in 1824 as the fourth Governor of Louisiana. At the time that Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned in 1824 to accept appointment as a federal judge, Thibodaux was President of the State\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9550067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area\",\n \"text\": \"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area The Houma-Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area in the Acadiana region of southern Louisiana, United States that covers two parishes - Lafourche and Terrebonne. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 208,178. The parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Thibodaux, is located 15 miles NNW from the parish seat of Terrebonne Parish, Houma. Bayou Cane is the commercial district of Terrebonne Parish and Lafourche Parish and is commonly referred to by locals as Houma. In 2014, \\\"Forbes\\\" magazine ranked Houma-Thibodaux as the eighth-fastest-growing small city in the United States. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7654558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"relic of St. Vitalis, is displayed near St. Valérie's reliquary. St. Valérie has traditionally been invoked for intercession in protecting Thibodaux from hurricanes. Richard D'Alton Williams, a well-known 19th-century Irish patriot, poet, and physician, died of tuberculosis in Thibodaux in 1862, and is buried in St. Joseph Cemetery. His headstone was erected that year by Irish members of the 8th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, then encamped in Thibodaux. A famous Mississippi blues musician, Eddie \\\"Guitar Slim\\\" Jones, is buried in Thibodaux, where he often played, and where his manager, Hosea Hill, resided. Two-term Governor of Louisiana Francis T. Nicholls is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"a new election in front of the Senate Rules Committee. After a 10-month investigation revealed that fraud had occurred, the committee voted 8–7 along party lines to uphold the election results. Thibodaux chose not to pursue his own challenge of the results of the House race. Chris John went on to defeat Hunter Lundy in the general election and held the seat until he ran for the U.S. Senate in 2004, when he was defeated by the Republican David Vitter. When John vacated the seat, Thibodaux decided to run again. However, when a recently retired physician, Charles Boustany, Jr., a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"strikebreakers and evicted black workers. The strike was broken in Terrebone Parish. Paramilitary forces closed off Thibodaux, where numerous black workers had taken refuge. On November 22, they began attacking the black workers and their families, killing at least 50 in what is called the \\\"Thibodaux massacre\\\" of November 22, 1887, one of the bloodiest labor disputes in U.S. history. Casualties including wounded and missing were said to be in the hundreds, but there has never been an accurate count. The cane workers returned to the plantations under conditions set by planters. In the following months, Knights of Labor organizers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"Landing (Labadieville), Thibodaux was occupied by the Union Army under Godfrey Weitzel. Before they left the city, the Confederates under General Alfred Mouton (later killed in the Battle of Mansfield in De Soto Parish), burned the depot, the bridges, sugar, and supplies that they could not carry with them. In 1863, the Union under James P. Major temporarily abandoned Thibodaux but soon returned. Winters reports that terrified Negroes and whites raced into the town announcing that 3,000 Confederate cavalrymen were en route to attack Thibodaux and Lafourche Crossing. Union Colonel Thomas W. Cahill ordered an immediate retreat. The bayou bridges\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"David Thibodaux David Glenn Thibodaux (December 1, 1953 – March 24, 2007) was an influential professor at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for twenty-seven years and a member and officer of the Lafayette Parish School Board for twelve years. A notable political figure, he ran three times for the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 7th congressional district. He was the author of several books, including \\\"Political Correctness: The Cloning of the American Mind\\\" and numerous articles and editorials. In 1994, Thibodaux was elected to the District 7 seat on the Lafayette Parish School Board. He was re-elected\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"reduced class sizes, lovingly detailed in dozens of conversations over the years, was about improving education in Lafayette schools that serve low-income students. And his biggest allies in the fight against the court-ordered desegregation measures were the two black school board members, [Democrats] Ed Sam and Rickey Hardy, who resented the closure of schools in black neighborhoods.\\\" Mrs. Thibodaux told \\\"The Daily Advertiser\\\" that her husband \\\"gave everything that he could. He was the only person I knew that lost sleep over someone else’s children.\\\" Thibodaux was born in New Iberia in Iberia Parish, to Albert Joseph Thibodaux and Charlie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"$31,464 versus $21,144 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,966. About 20.6% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.3% of those under age 18 and 18.2% of those age 65 or over. The Roman Catholic patron saints of Thibodaux are Saint Valérie, an early Christian martyr, and Saint Vitalis of Milan, her husband, also a martyr. A life-sized reliquary of Saint Valérie, containing an arm bone, was brought to Thibodaux in 1868 and is displayed in her shrine in St. Joseph Co-Cathedral in Thibodaux. A smaller reliquary, with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"and dietetics, engineering, early childhood development and advanced learning. \\\"Traditional courses, like English and history, are part of the curriculum, but technology is incorporated into every subject\\\", Debetaz said. The program not only gets students ready for college, it also offers dual enrollment. Through an arrangement with Southwest Louisiana Community College, STEM Academy students can take classes that count toward a college degree, as well as a high school diploma. Currently, there are over 1000 students at the David Thibodaux STEM Magnet Academy. David Thibodaux David Glenn Thibodaux (December 1, 1953 – March 24, 2007) was an influential professor at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016040\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"a friend. He will always be remembered for his passionate and relentless pursuit of improving public education for our communities in Lafayette Parish.\\\" Roger F. Villere, Jr., chairman of the Louisiana Republican Party, declared a statewide day of mourning and remembrance for Thibodaux, whom Villere described as: \\\"a Republican pioneer in Acadiana\\\". I ask all Louisiana citizens to join me in honoring Dr. David Thibodaux and the life he devoted to making Louisiana a better place. I ask all of you to keep David's family and friends in your prayers.\\\" Bill Decker of the \\\"Lafayette Daily Advertiser\\\" described Thibodaux thus:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"[He was] a movement conservative who might not appreciate the appropriation of Democrat Al Smith’s nickname. But Thibodaux was a happy warrior. [He] taught a generation of kids at ULL, and took on mamby-pamby language and knee-jerk liberals in a pair of books. At the time of his death, he was locked in the battle for which he may be remembered most: his duel with U.S. District Judge Richard Haik over school desegregation. Thibodaux fought Haik every way he knew how. \\\"His opposition was about the proper role of the judiciary, not about indifference to the kids. His push for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016033\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)\",\n \"text\": \"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana) St. Joseph Co-Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Francis de Sales in Houma it is the seat of the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. It is also the oldest parish in the diocese. The church building and rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saint Joseph's Co-Cathedral and Rectory on March 5, 1986 as part of the \\\"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\\\". St. Joseph Parish first began to organize in 1813 and was founded as a mission to Assumption Church in Plattenville in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15954531\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)\",\n \"text\": \"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana) St. Joseph Co-Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Francis de Sales in Houma it is the seat of the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. It is also the oldest parish in the diocese. The church building and rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saint Joseph's Co-Cathedral and Rectory on March 5, 1986 as part of the \\\"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\\\". St. Joseph Parish first began to organize in 1813 and was founded as a mission to Assumption Church in Plattenville in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15954526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Valero\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Valero Aaron Valero (1913–2000) was an Israeli physician and educator who helped establish hospitals and medical schools, authored medical publications and contributed greatly to the advancement of medical education in Israel in the latter half of the 20th century. Aaron Valero was born in Jerusalem to a distinguished Sephardi family which had settled in Palestine in the early 19th century and on his mother's side, in the late 15th century. His father, Chaim Aharon Valero, was a prominent Jerusalem banker. Valero's great-grandfather, Jacob Valero, established the first bank in Palestine. Jacob Saul Elyashar, the father of Valero's great-great-grandmother, had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6829014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux, 360 U.S. 25 (1959), was a case in which the Supreme Court created a new doctrine of abstention. The city of Thibodaux, citing a 1900 state law, Act 111, sought to condemn buildings, land, equipment, poles, lines, and other properties that belonged to the Louisiana Power & Light Co. and that were located in areas that had recently been annexed by the city. The company, a Florida corporation, challenged the city's authority to condemn only a part of a utility system. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19814508\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"considerable law review commentary,” notes one observer. Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux, 360 U.S. 25 (1959), was a case in which the Supreme Court created a new doctrine of abstention. The city of Thibodaux, citing a 1900 state law, Act 111, sought to condemn buildings, land, equipment, poles, lines, and other properties that belonged to the Louisiana Power & Light Co. and that were located in areas that had recently been annexed by the city. The company, a Florida corporation, challenged the city's authority to condemn only\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19814526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry S. Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"were expelled from their homeland by the British after they defeated the French in the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America). Thibodaux was orphaned (his family was thought to have been deported from Pennsylvania) and adopted by General Philip Schuyler, an American Revolutionary War hero. Thibodaux spent his childhood in the United States and is believed to have been sent to Scotland in the 1780s for his education. After returning to the United States, Thibodaux moved to Louisiana in 1794, while it was under nominal control of the Spanish for several more years.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9550064\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry S. Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"state legislature as a United States Senator. The senior Thibodaux moved from St. James Parish to Lafourche Parish when he received a land grant from Spanish Governor Baron de Carondelet. He developed a plantation he named for Ste. Bridget. Thibodaux was later elected Justice of the Peace and to the Territorial Legislature after the United States acquired and organized the Territory of Orleans. After Louisiana became a state, from 1812 to 1824, Thibodaux served as a State Senator representing Lafourche Parish and was elected as President of the Senate in 1824. When Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned to accept an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9550066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry S. Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"Henry S. Thibodaux Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (1769 – October 24, 1827) was a planter and politician, who served one month in 1824 as the fourth Governor of Louisiana. At the time that Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned in 1824 to accept appointment as a federal judge, Thibodaux was President of the State Senate and succeeded him as Acting Governor, until Henry Johnson was elected. Thibodaux's birth and parents are shrouded in mystery. He is thought to have been born either in Albany, New York, or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Alexis Thibodeaux and Marie Anne Blanchard of Nicolet, Quebec, Acadian refugees who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9550063\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux, Louisiana\",\n \"text\": \"were burned, three field guns were destroyed, and as many of the men and the horses as possible were loaded . . . and ordered to Raceland. . . . Ammunition was destroyed, horses abandoned, and four field pieces were left behind. Once the area was under Union control, they ordered the slaves freed and to be paid wages. Planters in Thibodaux complained about having to negotiate labor contracts for the black workers. Alexander F. Pugh, a large sugar planter near Thibodaux, complained that Negroes and federal officers took up too much time in negotiating new labor contracts. Part of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1084022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"dispute over oil-drilling rights to a Texas court that was far more familiar with the issues involved, is similar to the Thibodaux abstention, and some abstentions are in fact identified as Burford-Thibodaux or Thibodaux-Burford abstentions. A number of observers have commented on the difference between the rulings in Thibodaux and Allegheny County v. Frank Mashuda Co., which involved the question of whether a plaintiff's property could be confiscated under eminent domain in order to enlarge a private airport. In Allegheny County, the Court did not allow for abstention. “The apparent inconsistency between the two decisions has been the subject of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19814525\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana)\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana) The Grand Theatre was a historic theatre building located at 401 Green Street in Thibodaux, Louisiana. Built in the 1920s, the building was a two-story Classical Revival commercial building with a pilastered front. It had a large open auditorium with a second story gallery over the lobby. The building was already vacant at the time of National Register submission in 1986. It was demolished to make space for a parking lot in June 1995. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1986. It was one of 14 individually NRHP-listed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20792705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux massacre\",\n \"text\": \"processed. The work stoppage threatened the entire sugar cane harvest for the year. The 1887 strike was the largest labor action in the industry, involving an estimated 10,000 workers, a tenth of whom were white. It was the first time a formal labor organization had led a strike in this region. The planters appealed to Louisiana Governor Samuel Douglas McEnery, who was also a planter. McEnery, declaring, \\\"God Almighty has himself drawn the color line,\\\" called out ten infantry companies and an artillery company of the state militia, sending the latter to Thibodaux, the parish seat and \\\"heart of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15757900\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"percent). The two top vote-getters were Democrat (and later Republican) James A. \\\"Jimmy\\\" Hayes of Lafayette, who received 51,137 votes (30 percent). His opponent in the general election, fellow Democrat Margaret Lowenthal, the first woman to represent Calcasieu Parish in the Louisiana House of Representatives, received 42,839 votes (25 percent). In the general election, Hayes defeated Lowenthal, who remained in the state House until 1988. In 1990, Thibodaux ran again for the U.S. House for the 7th Congressional District. The seat had never been held by a Republican and was a known Democratic stronghold, famously held by Edwin Edwards from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"on March 28, 2007, at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church in Lafayette. Thibodaux's eulogist was Alfred Boustany, Jr., his best friend since elementary school, and cousin of Charles Boustany, Jr. Judge Richard Haik told those in attendance: \\\"You are David's eulogy. People from all walks of life came here out of respect and love.\\\" Thibodaux was cremated and placed in his family tomb located in the cemetery of St. John's Cathedral. In 2011, the Lafayette Parish School System announced the opening of the David Thibodaux Career and Technical High School. The mission of the new school\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"for the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 38 in 2011 and subsequently joined the Constitution Party. With only twelve votes separating Thibodaux from a spot in the runoff, many urged Thibodaux to challenge the election results amid widespread reports of irregularities and election fraud across the state. In Louisiana's election for U.S. Senate that year, Republican Woody Jenkins contested the results of his narrow loss to Democrat Mary Landrieu claiming election fraud, including ballot tampering, voter fraud, and illegal busing in precincts statewide, including those in the 7th District. Jenkins brought his challenge to the U.S. Senate, arguing for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016029\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"state in the 1970s and 1980s, Thibodaux sought to enhance the position of Louisiana's Republican Party to restore a viable two-party system in the state. He was elected to the Republican State Central Committee and served as a delegate to the 1988 Republican National Convention. In 1986, Thibodaux ran fourth, with 21,082 votes (12 percent), in a six-candidate field for the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 7th congressional district, since disbanded and merged into the 3rd district. In a strong third place was legislator James David Cain of Dry Creek in Beauregard Parish, who polled 40,554 votes (24\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux massacre\",\n \"text\": \"casualty figure of 35. According to historian Rebecca Jarvis Scott, \\\"No credible official count of the victims of the Thibodaux massacre was ever made; bodies continued to turn up in shallow graves outside of town for weeks to come.\\\" Eric Arnesen wrote that local white residents privately admitted more than 50 workers were murdered in Thibodaux, but the total was uncertain. Along the Bayou Lafourche, black oral history has told of hundreds of casualties, including wounded and missing. James Keith Hogue attributes 50 deaths to the three-day attacks by the paramilitary, saying that in addition, numerous Knights of Labor organizers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15757906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux massacre\",\n \"text\": \"parishes and retreated to Thibodaux. Tensions broke out in violence on November 23, 1887, and the local white paramilitary forces attacked black workers and their families in Thibodaux. Although the total number of casualties is unknown, at least 35 black people were killed in the next three days (more historians believe 50 were killed) and as many as 300 overall killed, wounded or missing, making it one of the most violent labor disputes in U.S. history. Victims reportedly included elders, women and children. All those killed were African American. The massacre, and passage by white Democrats of discriminatory state legislation,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15757894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"Democrat Hunter Lundy. However, after a week of ballot recounts, John led with 45,404 ballots (26 percent). Lundy trailed with 38,605 votes (22 percent), just 12 votes ahead of Thibodaux's 38,593 votes (also 22 percent). While Thibodaux was the endorsed Republican candidate, three other Republican candidates campaigned as well. The presence of the three other Republicans, Jim Slatten, Peter Anthony Vidrine (born November 1957) of Ville Platte in Evangeline Parish, and Charles \\\"Charlie\\\" Buckels, with a total of 25,840 votes (15 percent), cost Thibodaux an opportunity to enter a face-to-face showdown with John in the general election. Vidrine ran unsuccessfully\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016028\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House\",\n \"text\": \"Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House, also known as Rosella Plantation House, is a historic mansion located at 3515 LA 308, about northwest of Raceland, Louisiana. The house is a two-story Creole plantation house built in c.1814 by Jean Baptiste Thibodaux, who purchased the land parcel in 1810. The house was originally formed by four rooms. A two-story side wing was added at some time and, in the 1880s, a two-story rear wing containing a carriage area was also added to the building. The rear wing was deeply altered in 1956. The mansion was added to the National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20802738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House\",\n \"text\": \"Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1982. Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House, also known as Rosella Plantation House, is a historic mansion located at 3515 LA 308, about northwest of Raceland, Louisiana. The house is a two-story Creole plantation house built in c.1814 by Jean Baptiste Thibodaux, who purchased the land parcel in 1810. The house was originally formed by four rooms. A two-story side wing was added at some time and, in the 1880s, a two-story rear wing containing a carriage area was also added to the building. The rear wing was deeply altered in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20802739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area\",\n \"text\": \"metropolitan area is commonly referred to by locals as the \\\"Houma-Thibodaux\\\" area. The metropolitan area's main thoroughfare is U.S. Highway 90, which runs east to west and passes directly between Houma and Thibodaux. As of the census of 2000, there were 194,477 people, 68,084 households, and 51,692 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 78.13% White, 15.40% Black, 3.91% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population. The median income for a household in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7654559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Blake Aaron\",\n \"text\": \"Blake Aaron Blake Aaron is a guitarist, composer, recording artist and radio show host. Aaron has worked with Bernie Worrell, Bill Laswell, Billy Bass, Bobby Womack, Carlos Santana, David Benoit, Dynasty, Eric Marienthal, Fish, Fishbone, Frank Stallone, Gloria Trevi, Hiroshima, Joe Houston, Kuh Ledesma, Lakeside, Little Anthony and the Imperials, Marion Meadows, Mary Wells, Najee, Nelson Rangell, Philip Bailey, Ricky Lawson, Sheila E., Steve Reid, The Coasters, The Drifters, and The Gap Band. Aaron is also an LA-based session guitarist, TV and film composer and has been the guitarist and/or composed for such television shows and films as \\\"MADtv\\\" where\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14627404\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"another Louisiana Republican leader, Suzanne Haik Terrell of New Orleans. Thibodaux stressed the need for money in the classroom, rather than expanded administration, which frequently placed him at odds with Lafayette Superintendent James Easton. Soon after his death, at the request of Thibodaux's family, the Lafayette Parish School Board appointed Mark Cockerham (born 1976), a former student of Thibodaux's who had worked in his congressional campaign, to fill the District 7 vacancy until a special election could be held in conjunction with the regular primary elections scheduled for October 20, 2007. With the endorsement of Thibodaux's family, Cockerham was re-elected\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Marsh\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Marsh Aaron Marsh is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from Florida. He first gained prominence as the lead singer, guitarist, and pianist for the Florida-based indie rock band Copeland, who formed in 2000. Marsh has since gone on to numerous production projects, co-producing his own band's studio albums usually along with either Matt Goldman or Aaron Sprinkle, as well as producing The Myriad's \\\"You Can't Trust a Ladder\\\", the \\\"Be Fair EP\\\" by the band Estates, and \\\"The Positives\\\" by Person L. Marsh produced Anchor and Braille's debut album: \\\"Felt\\\", which was released on August 4,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10595737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"did not involve a constitutional issue that could be avoided or modified by a state court interpretation of some underlying issue of state law. In Thibodaux, a ruling at the federal level would have amounted to an interpretation of a vague Louisiana law and, thus, a determination of the circumstances under which the city could or could not exercise the power it claimed to have under the 1900 Louisiana law. The decision in Thibodaux gave rise to a new principle, the \\\"Thibodaux abstention\\\", which is defined as \\\"[a] federal court’s act of declining to exercise its jurisdiction to allow a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19814523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mick Murphy (guitarist)\",\n \"text\": \"Mick Murphy (guitarist) Mick Murphy (born Michael Aaron Murphy on July 17, 1971) is an American guitarist and multi-instrumentalist (drummer, bassist, singer and songwriter) best known for his time with My Ruin and Teenage Time Killers. Murphy's playing style includes elements of classic rock and heavy metal as well as jazz, hardcore punk and thrash dance. Murphy was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, where he got into music at age nine. His older brother Sam had a record collection which made an impact on him, and Mick listened to heavy music throughout his school life. In 1975, he heard Kiss' \\\"Alive!\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19217000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"How, conceivably, can the Court justify the abdication of responsibility to exercise jurisdiction on the ground of avoiding interference and conflict with the State when the State itself desires the federal court's adjudication? It is obvious that the abstention in this case was for the convenience of the District Court, not for the State. The issues addressed in Thibodaux had previously been the subject of an earlier Supreme Court case, \\\"Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.\\\" (1941), which established a principle called the \\\"Pullman abstention\\\". Although the decisions in the two cases were similar, what set Thibodaux apart was that it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19814522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux High School\",\n \"text\": \"the student body was moved to its current location at the corner of Talbot Avenue and Tiger Drive. In 1968 the high school for black students, C.M. Washington High School, was dissolved due to racial integration. Therefore black students now attended the previously all-white school. In 2002, ninth grade students were added to the campus. Thibodaux was among state's top 10% in student improvement in 2013, and students' ACT scores averaged 18, below the state average of 20. In 2016 Thibodaux High scored a 97.7 in the Louisiana Department of Education's school ranking. The school competes interscholastically in several sports,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11472558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"one grandson; two sisters, and two brothers. In addition to his mother, he was preceded in death by two brothers. Thibodaux died in 2007 in a Lafayette area hospital after sustaining injuries in a motor vehicle accident on U.S. Route 90. The accident occurred at an intersection where fatalities had occurred previously. After Thibodaux's death, the Lafayette City Council had a stop light placed at the intersection to prevent further loss of life. School board president Carl LaCombe, a Democrat and close friend who served as a pallbearer along with Thibodaux's two sons, Ben and Jeremy; his two brothers, Patrick\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016036\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)\",\n \"text\": \"Msgr. Alexander Barbier. It was completed three years later in the Renaissance Revival style. The first Mass was celebrated on January 25, 1923. The ornamental marble and plaster work was added in 1931 and the final paint scheme was done in 1954. Two of the parish's that were created from St. Joseph include St. Genevieve Parish, that was established in 1959, and St. Thomas Aquinas Parish in 1970. On March 2, 1977 Pope Paul VI established the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. St. Francis de Sales Church in Houma became the cathedral of the new diocese and St. Joseph Church in Thibodaux\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15954528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"AARON\",\n \"text\": \"AARON AARON is a computer program written by artist Harold Cohen that creates original artistic images. Proceeding from Cohen's initial question \\\"What are the minimum conditions under which a set of marks functions as an image?\\\", AARON has been in continual development since 1973. The name \\\"AARON\\\" does not seem to be an acronym; rather, it was a name chosen to start with the letter \\\"A\\\" so that the names of successive programs could follow it alphabetically. However, Cohen did not create any other major programs. Initial versions of AARON created abstract drawings that grew more complex through the 1970s.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5120346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Lewis\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Lewis Aaron Lewis (born April 13, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and founding member of the alternative metal band Staind, with whom he released seven studio albums. He has also enjoyed a successful solo career in country music with his debut EP \\\"Town Line\\\", which was released on March 1, 2011 on Stroudavarious Records. Lewis' first full-length solo release, \\\"The Road\\\", was released by Blaster Records on November 13, 2012. Lewis released his second studio album \\\"Sinner\\\" on September 16, 2016. In 2006, Lewis was ranked\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5527010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"“Cleaveland.” As noted above, in 1739 Aaron Cleveland married Susannah Porter, who in addition to being the daughter of Aaron Porter was the granddaughter of Major Sewall of Salem, Massachusetts. Among their descendants were: Aaron Cleveland Aaron Cleveland (29 October 1715 – 17 August 1757 Philadelphia) was a clergyman. He established the first Presbyterian church in Canada. He was a great great grandfather of United States President Grover Cleveland. His father was also named Aaron Cleveland. At the time of the Aaron's birth his father was making a modest living as a publican in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Aaron was born,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14661291\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thibodaux massacre\",\n \"text\": \"it up to local officials to manage from there. Parish District Judge Taylor Beattie, who owned Orange Grove Plantation and was a member of the LPSA, announced formation of a \\\"Peace and Order Committee\\\" in Thibodaux. He declared martial law, and recruited 300 white men for his committee to serve as a paramilitary group. He ordered blacks within the city limits to show a pass to enter or leave. Like many top-ranking white state officials, Beattie was an ex-Confederate and former slaveholder. He was a former member of the Knights of the White Camelia, a paramilitary group that had worked\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15757902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Cleveland\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Cleveland Aaron Cleveland (29 October 1715 – 17 August 1757 Philadelphia) was a clergyman. He established the first Presbyterian church in Canada. He was a great great grandfather of United States President Grover Cleveland. His father was also named Aaron Cleveland. At the time of the Aaron's birth his father was making a modest living as a publican in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Aaron was born, and also working in construction. His father would later become a militia captain and a man of some wealth. The son graduated from Harvard in 1735. He was a man of great physical strength\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14661287\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Dugan\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Dugan Aaron Dugan is a guitarist, composer and songwriter originally from Philadelphia who resides in Brooklyn. Dugan has performed and recorded with a wide variety of musicians and producers including Roots Tonic, Matisyahu, Trevor Hall, Bootsy Collins, Amy Carrigan, John Zorn, Maya Dunietz, Chris Tunkel, Mark Guiliana and Bill Laswell. Dugan has clinched two Gold Records as lead guitarist on Matisyahu's \\\"Live at Stubb's\\\" and \\\"Youth,\\\" and has recorded two solo albums featuring his own compositions. Born June 20, 1977, Dugan grew up in Northeast Philadelphia. Aaron grew up with a father who wrote and played music and was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15168239\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Shearer\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Kikta, David Starobin, and Bruce Casteel. Shearer has many publications, including his well-known \\\"Classical Guitar Technique\\\" method books, his three-volume \\\"Learning the Classic Guitar\\\" series and his newly released \\\"The Shearer Method-Classic Guitar Foundation\\\" with DVD and CD. Aaron had two older brothers, Buford Carl Shearer who died in 1988 and Gwen Dean Shearer who died in 1987. Aaron Shearer Aaron Shearer (6 September 1919 – 21 April 2008) was an American classical guitarist known primarily as a pedagogue. He was born in Anatone, Washington to Nettie Pearl Moody and Floyd David Shearer, and was a guitar pupil of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9850921\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tim Aaron\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron lived in New York City and performed in various bands such as GobbleHoof, H.P. Zinker, and Skunk. Skunk was the first musical venture of Matt Sweeney, who later became known as a session guitarist and founding member of Chavez. Billy Corgan of the 1990s Billboard chart-topping band Smashing Pumpkins credited Skunk as a major influence. In the mid-1990s, Aaron moved to Los Angeles. There, he met directors Tom Stern and Penelope Spheeris, who hired him as a mixer, composer, and sound designer for films, music videos, and television shows. Aaron and Stern formed the performance art band Spork with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19086379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Marsh\",\n \"text\": \"underground hip-hop. Marsh also stated that a Copeland reunion tour does not seem to be a possibility, however, they released \\\"Ixora\\\" on November 24, 2014. Marsh has contributed guest vocals on a variety of songs. Aaron Marsh Aaron Marsh is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from Florida. He first gained prominence as the lead singer, guitarist, and pianist for the Florida-based indie rock band Copeland, who formed in 2000. Marsh has since gone on to numerous production projects, co-producing his own band's studio albums usually along with either Matt Goldman or Aaron Sprinkle, as well as producing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10595739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo is an American blues/rock trio based in Madison, Wisconsin. Led by Aaron Williams (b. 1983 or 1984) on guitar, the band’s sound is likely best described by “Ole Harv” of WVPE 88.1 (NPR) as “blues and roll for the masses.” Aaron is joined in the band by Eric Shackelford on drums and Z on bass. 365Ink says, “Compared to early George Thorogood, Williams & The Hoodoo have all the fire and swagger of the slide guitarist in his younger days, but with more finesse and way more versatility.” Pulse magazine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15598599\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Eagles: The Great War 1918\",\n \"text\": \"down or killed, depending on the game skill level set and the players skill level. The game has a useful 'Single Mission' option that allows the user to choose their mission, aircraft type, weapons, year, nationality, weather, and time of day, and look at a map of the mission area. A set of names are generated to be included on the squadron roster and they are allocated varying skill levels (ranks). Flight above enemy territory results in anti-aircraft fire. First Eagles: The Great War 1918 First Eagles: The Great War 1918 (Also called First Eagles: The Great Air War 1918)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10684949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron North\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron North Aaron Wright North (born March 22, 1979) is an American musician. He was the co-founder and guitarist of punk band The Icarus Line, the lead guitarist of industrial rock group Nine Inch Nails, and vocalist/guitarist for Jubilee. North is noted for his chaotic and unconventional guitar approach, his use and command of feedback, and the flailing of his guitar wildly while on stage. His reputation for being outspoken both on and off the stage resulted in equal criticism and praise from fans and music journalists, mainly due to his role as co-founder and owner of Buddyhead. More infamously,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5003509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"in 1998, 2002, and was unopposed for his fourth term in 2006. Thibodaux was elected by the board to serve twice as board president, and had been elected to serve as vice-president in January 2007, shortly before his death. As a board member he advocated for a reduction in teacher-student ratios, pay increases for teachers, and for additional construction and maintenance of parish schools. He was integral in procuring unitary status in the lingering 40-year-old desegregation lawsuit against the school board. He made an impassioned plea for unitary status before U.S. District Court Judge Richard T. Haik, a brother of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10016021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Brennan\",\n \"text\": \"not expecting the kiss, as he was thinking about Nate at the time. David feels embarrassed and runs off, which Wilson thought was true to the character. He explained, \\\"They are pretty much opposites – Aaron will always stand and fight, whereas David always chooses flight.\\\" In an interview on Tenplay, Wilson explains that while Aaron does have feelings for David, he knows that David needs to deal with his sexuality and have some fun first. Aaron hopes that David will return to him eventually. Wilson liked the pairing of Aaron and David, calling them \\\"a great couple\\\", and he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19578259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo\",\n \"text\": \"adds, “A little classic, dirty blues, a little Black Crowes on speed and a little rockabilly. Our Pulse Pick of the week!” Aaron began his musical career at 17 years old as the lead guitarist for the Cadillac Joe Band. As part of this group, Aaron opened for artists including Coco Montoya, Taj Mahal, Leon Russell, Canned Heat, Carey Bell, and Jimmy Thackery, who promptly dubbed Aaron “The Brat with the Strat” because of his affinity for Fender guitars. Eric Shackelford has played drums since the age of 11. Majoring in music and religion in college, Eric held the position\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15598600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great\",\n \"text\": \"berühmt gemacht\\\" haben (\\\"Biographical Dictionary of all those heroes and military figures who have earned fame in the Prussian service\\\"), A Wever, 1791, has been consulted. In addition, if several members of a family served during the wars of Frederick the Great, such as the 58 men of the von Kleist family, their full names are linked; otherwise, only one identifying name is used. Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great The Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great is an outdoor sculpture in cast bronze at the east end of Unter den Linden in Berlin, Germany honoring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19893054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Gallagher (guitarist)\",\n \"text\": \"Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Michael Gallagher (guitarist) Michael Gallagher is an American guitarist, best known for his work with post-metal band Isis. He joined them in 1999 for their debut LP \\\"Celestial\\\", having previously been a member of Cast Iron Hike. He has an ambient project known as MGR (Mustard Gas & Roses); under this moniker he has released two albums and scored one film. He plays a '78 Les Paul Custom, which he bought on eBay, through a Fryette Sig:x Amplifier. While playing in Isis he normally tuned his guitar down to Dropped B (B-F#-B-E-G#-C#), like his bandmate Aaron Turner. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12442238\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Gallagher (guitarist)\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Gallagher (guitarist) Michael Gallagher is an American guitarist, best known for his work with post-metal band Isis. He joined them in 1999 for their debut LP \\\"Celestial\\\", having previously been a member of Cast Iron Hike. He has an ambient project known as MGR (Mustard Gas & Roses); under this moniker he has released two albums and scored one film. He plays a '78 Les Paul Custom, which he bought on eBay, through a Fryette Sig:x Amplifier. While playing in Isis he normally tuned his guitar down to Dropped B (B-F#-B-E-G#-C#), like his bandmate Aaron Turner. He hails from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12442237\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"state court to decide difficult issues if importance in order to avoid unnecessary friction between federal and state authorities\\\". A key difference between the Pullman and Thibodaux doctrines is that under Pullman the court retains jurisdiction over federal issues and does not dismiss the case, while under the Thibodaux doctrine the case will, in fact, be dismissed in some instances. There are several other federal abstention doctrines that derive from various Supreme Court cases, including the so-called Younger and Colorado River abstentions. The Burford abstention, derived from \\\"Burford v. Sun Oil Co.\\\" (1943), in which a federal court sent a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19814524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron the Tyrant\",\n \"text\": \"of his work, historian Nicolae Iorga also credits the genealogy. He once described Aaron as an \\\"unrecognized child\\\" of the Prince, whom he nevertheless resembled, being \\\"mean and gluttonous\\\". Elsewhere, he credited reports that Aaron was a direct descendant of Stephen the Great. Cultural historian Răzvan Theodorescu also endorses the claim. The Moldavian classical historian Ioan Neculce renders a conflicting account. This depicts young Aaron as the nephew and servant of Moldavian Metropolitan Nicanor, with whom he lived at Agapia Monastery. While there, Aaron seduced a nun, and was caught by Nicanor while returning from her chambers. The bishop punished\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6624039\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook\",\n \"text\": \"Stiefel Entertainment. It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart. It was released on 22 October 2002, and became the first in a five-volume series. The album was Stewart's first release for Sony Music imprint J Records. It included his second recording of \\\"Every Time We Say Goodbye.\\\" A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003, which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart's earlier material.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7861716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook\",\n \"text\": \"It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart. It was released on 22 October 2002, and became the first in a five-volume series. The album was Stewart's first release for Sony Music imprint J Records. It included his second recording of \\\"Every Time We Say Goodbye.\\\" A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003, which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart's earlier material. Stiefel at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7861715\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rachel Aaron\",\n \"text\": \"Heartstrikers series, set 20 years later. Rachel Aaron Rachel Aaron is an American author of fantasy and (under the pen name Rachel Bach) science fiction. The first book in the Paradox Series, \\\"Fortune's Pawn\\\" (2013), is a type of space opera which was called \\\"lots of fun\\\" by \\\"Kirkus Reviews\\\". \\\"Fortune's Pawn\\\" also marked Aaron's first time publishing science fiction. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\", however, felt that the tropes of the first book in the series were cliche and made up of \\\"stock set pieces.\\\" Aaron's Paradox Series, including \\\"Honor's Knight\\\" (2014) deals with ethical questions amid \\\"great space battles, awesome shootouts\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17930256\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rachel Aaron\",\n \"text\": \"Rachel Aaron Rachel Aaron is an American author of fantasy and (under the pen name Rachel Bach) science fiction. The first book in the Paradox Series, \\\"Fortune's Pawn\\\" (2013), is a type of space opera which was called \\\"lots of fun\\\" by \\\"Kirkus Reviews\\\". \\\"Fortune's Pawn\\\" also marked Aaron's first time publishing science fiction. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\", however, felt that the tropes of the first book in the series were cliche and made up of \\\"stock set pieces.\\\" Aaron's Paradox Series, including \\\"Honor's Knight\\\" (2014) deals with ethical questions amid \\\"great space battles, awesome shootouts and enough betrayals and alliances to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17930254\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Weistrop\",\n \"text\": \"on, produced, and written music that has been played on radio stations nationally and internationally. \\\"Hanukkah Blues\\\", co-written with Ted Wulfers, was chosen for 93XRT's on-air feature 'Hear First' as a way of introducing Wulfers as a \\\"promising new artist.\\\" Weistrop scored the opening and closing credits for the 2009 film \\\"Eye of the Sandman\\\". He was awarded a fellowship for music composition by the Illinois Arts Council in 1998. Aaron Weistrop Aaron Weistrop (born 21 April 1973) is an American guitarist and composer based out of Chicago. Weistrop was born in Fort Stewart, Georgia, and was raised in Shorewood,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14329807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Phipps\",\n \"text\": \"became the first disabled British person to scale Mount Kilimanjaro During large parts of the ascent Phipps was forced to climb on his hands and knees because the wheelchair wasn't capable of traversing the difficult terrain but was able to complete the climb without any assistance. Aaron Phipps Aaron Phipps (born 7 April 1983) is a British wheelchair rugby player. He is part of the Great Britain national wheelchair rugby team and competed in Wheelchair rugby at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, Great Britain. On 7 January 1999 Aaron contracted Meningitis C. and Meningococcal septicemia. As a result of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16756193\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Dessner\",\n \"text\": \"Wait,\\\" a track written by Aaron and Matt Berninger, recorded by The National with additional vocals from Sharon Van Etten. Aaron also played an important role in The National's contribution to the HBO show Game of Thrones. In May 2012 The National's performance of \\\"Rains of Castamere\\\" played during the closing credits of season two episode nine. Though the song is not an original, Aaron helped to interpret the instruments and music so that it evoked the land of Westeros. In March 2012, Aaron, Scott Devendorf and Bryan Devendorf teamed up with Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir for a live\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13340552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"was created by Pope Paul VI on June 5, 1977, from territory taken from the Archdiocese of New Orleans. The list of bishops of the diocese and their years of service: Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux The Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux (official Latin name: Dioecesis Humensis–Thibodensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese in southeastern Louisiana. It comprises Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes, the eastern part of St. Mary Parish including Morgan City, and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish. Bishop Shelton Fabre, formerly an Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans, is the current ordinary. Although a small diocese in terms of area (around 3,500 square\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6407475\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux\",\n \"text\": \"Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux The Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux (official Latin name: Dioecesis Humensis–Thibodensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese in southeastern Louisiana. It comprises Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes, the eastern part of St. Mary Parish including Morgan City, and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish. Bishop Shelton Fabre, formerly an Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans, is the current ordinary. Although a small diocese in terms of area (around 3,500 square miles), it has a large Catholic population, with approximately 126,000 Catholics out of a total population of 202,000 within the parish boundaries. The diocese includes part of Cajun Louisiana. The diocese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6407474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tommy Aaron\",\n \"text\": \"Hall of Fame as a \\\"Gator Great.\\\" Aaron turned pro in 1960. His first professional victory came at the 1969 Canadian Open. The following year he gained his first PGA Tour victory at the Atlanta Classic. In 1972, he won the Trophée Lancôme in France. Aaron's best money year was 1972, when he finished in ninth place on the PGA Tour money list. Aaron won the Masters Tournament in 1973, which was his one major championship. He also finished in the top ten at the Masters from 1967 to 1970. His only other top ten major championship finishes came at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5227456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Johnson (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"Billboard Music Award, and was honored as \\\"Producer Of The Year\\\" at the New England Music Awards in 2012. Aaron owns the production company \\\"Little Big Time Productions\\\" operating out of Little Big Studio in San Clemente, CA. He was the guitarist for the New York city-based rock band God or Julie before taking on mixing and producing full-time. Aaron is the brother of filmmaker Rian Johnson. Aaron Johnson (musician) Aaron Howard Johnson (born February 8, 1977) is an American music producer. Aaron has produced and mixed many artists including Alpha Rev, Secondhand Serenade, Katie Herzig, Adam Ezra, and Eve6,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11762455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron (given name)\",\n \"text\": \"in the BBC production of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus. The English name \\\"Aaron\\\" is sometimes confused with the English name \\\"Aron\\\" which is also derived from the biblical Aaron but through translation routes other than the Church of England (e.g. Scandinavian and Celtic churches) and pronounced /ærən/ (\\\"a-ran\\\" as in \\\"arrow\\\"). It is further sometimes confused with the names Arran and Aran which are also pronounced /ærən/ (\\\"a-ran\\\" as in \\\"arrow\\\") but derive from various sources unrelated to the biblical Aaron such as the Scottish Isle of Arran and Irish Aran Islands. Aeron is another unrelated name, pronounced air-ron, of an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8958690\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Barrett\",\n \"text\": \"Suburban Legends' song, \\\"My Friend,\\\" which pays homage to Barrett's career, referencing Reel Big Fish, The Forces of Evil, and \\\"Sell Out.\\\" Barrett has also produced Beebs and Her Money Makers. He appears as a guest on the song \\\"Crazy.\\\" He is also seen in the video for the song. In early 2018, he started working on his new album “Scottish Highland”, set to debut in November 2018 with the single “Scotch Egg”. Studio Albums Live Album Compilation Albums EPs Demos Other Album Credits Aaron Barrett Aaron Asher Barrett (born August 30, 1974) is the lead singer, lead guitarist, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5246253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Novik\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron Novik Aaron Novik (born July 21, 1974) is an American composer, clarinetist and bandleader based in San Francisco. He is involved with the Bay Area Improv Scene and is a member of Edmund Welles The Bass Clarinet Quartet which was a 2004 recipient of a New Works Creation and Presentation grant from Chamber Music America. Novik has appeared in San Francisco and New York City with guitarist Fred Frith re-creating his 1980 avant-garde dance album, \\\"Gravity\\\". Novik's most recent album \\\"Secrets of Secrets\\\" was released on John Zorn's Tzadik Records in February 2012 as part of the Radical Jewish\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17607561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around\",\n \"text\": \"of them are great songs which have been closely identified with – in fact, almost the personal property of great names in the business – 'April Showers,' 'Blue Heaven,' 'Thanks for the Memory,' 'Ain’t Misbehavin',' etc. Crosby gives them a personalized treatment for sure-fire deejay programming material.\\\" All personnel as listed on the Bing Crosby Enterprises and Universal Music deluxe, 22-track CD version: Buddy Cole (piano); Vince Terri (guitar); Don Whitaker (bass); Nick Fatool (drums); Skeets Herfurt, Harry Klee, Ted Nash (alto saxophones); Jules Jacob (tenor saxophone); Robert Lawson (baritone saxophone); Lou Raderman, Henry Hill, Ben Gill, Victor Arno, Toscha\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8658945\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron\",\n \"text\": \"is said: \\\"There [at Mosera] died Aaron.\\\" The rabbis also dwell with special laudation on the brotherly sentiment which united Aaron and Moses. When the latter was appointed ruler and Aaron high priest, neither betrayed any jealousy; instead they rejoiced in one another's greatness. When Moses at first declined to go to Pharaoh, saying: \\\"O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send\\\" (Exodus 4:13), he was unwilling to deprive Aaron, his brother, of the high position the latter had held for so many years; but the Lord reassured him, saying: \\\"Behold, when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron the Tyrant\",\n \"text\": \"received news that Aaron intended to \\\"place himself and his belongings under [Poland's] protection\\\"; in contrast, Paprocki noted that Aaron was accused of conspiring mainly with Andrew Báthory, the Prince's cousin and main rival. A fragmentary Wallachian chronicle, copied by Stoica Ludescu, describes all such allegations of treason as \\\"mendacious charges\\\". Similarly, Xenopol notes that the accusation itself is incongruous, since Aaron had already made a public show of his disdain for Murad. He believes that Prince Báthory was in fact angered by Aaron having declined to swear fealty during a public ceremony, which was set to take place in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6624074\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["t–bone walker","t bone walker","aaron thibeaux walker","t. bone walker","t-bone walker","aaron t-bone walker","t-bone walker"],"string":"[\n \"t–bone walker\",\n \"t bone walker\",\n \"aaron thibeaux walker\",\n \"t. bone walker\",\n \"t-bone walker\",\n \"aaron t-bone walker\",\n \"t-bone walker\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":583,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who first coined the term paradigm for all the factors that influence the scientist's research?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Paradigm","text":"word \"paradigm\" is in the sense of \"worldview\". For example, in social science, the term is used to describe the set of experiences, beliefs and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception. Social scientists have adopted the Kuhnian phrase \"paradigm shift\" to denote a change in how a given society goes about organizing and understanding reality. A \"dominant paradigm\" refers to the values, or system of thought, in a society that are most standard and widely held at a given time. Dominant paradigms are shaped both by the community's cultural background and by","psg_id":"1493386"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"word \\\"paradigm\\\" is in the sense of \\\"worldview\\\". For example, in social science, the term is used to describe the set of experiences, beliefs and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception. Social scientists have adopted the Kuhnian phrase \\\"paradigm shift\\\" to denote a change in how a given society goes about organizing and understanding reality. A \\\"dominant paradigm\\\" refers to the values, or system of thought, in a society that are most standard and widely held at a given time. Dominant paradigms are shaped both by the community's cultural background and by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1493386\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Structure–conduct–performance paradigm","text":"market structure. Additionally, external factors such as legal or political interventions affect the market framework and, by extension, the structure, conduct and performance of the market. Structure–conduct–performance paradigm The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933, and developed by Joe S. Bain is a model in Industrial Organization Economics which offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets. According to the structure–conduct–performance paradigm, the market environment has a direct, short-term impact on the market structure. The market structure then has a direct influence on the firm's economic","psg_id":"17365530"},{"title":"Structure–conduct–performance paradigm","text":"Structure–conduct–performance paradigm The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933, and developed by Joe S. Bain is a model in Industrial Organization Economics which offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets. According to the structure–conduct–performance paradigm, the market environment has a direct, short-term impact on the market structure. The market structure then has a direct influence on the firm's economic conduct, which in turn affects its market performance. Therein, feedback effects occur such that market performance may impact conduct and structure, or conduct may affect the","psg_id":"17365529"},{"title":"Scientist","text":"Scientist A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term \"scientist\" came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833. In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an area of science and pursue careers in various sectors of the economy","psg_id":"359722"},{"title":"Scientist","text":"rose from only 385 in 1975 to more than 11000 in 1985. Scientist A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term \"scientist\" came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833. In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an","psg_id":"359742"},{"title":"The Paradigm Shift","text":"The Paradigm Shift The Paradigm Shift is the eleventh studio album by American nu metal band Korn. The album was produced by Don Gilmore and was released in the United States on October 8, 2013. It is the first Korn album to feature original guitarist Brian \"Head\" Welch since 2003's \"Take a Look in the Mirror\". Following the year after the release of \"The Path of Totality\", Korn had begun proposing ideas for their next album. James \"Munky\" Shaffer stated that the album would contain darker elements similar to \"Issues\" (1999) mixed with the heaviness of \"Untouchables\" (2002). On May","psg_id":"17413287"},{"title":"The Amateur Scientist","text":"The Amateur Scientist The Amateur Scientist was a column in the \"Scientific American\", and was the definitive \"how-to\" resource for citizen-scientists for over 72 years (1928–2001), making it the longest running column in \"Scientific American\"s history. The column was regarded for revealing the brass-tacks secrets of research and showing home-based experimenters how to make original discoveries using only inexpensive materials. Since its début in 1928, \"The Amateur Scientist\" was a primary resource for science fair projects. It also inspired amateur experimenters, launched careers in science, and enjoyed a place of honor in classrooms and school libraries all over the world.","psg_id":"2655617"},{"title":"Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm","text":"the criminal justice system, and the DRM paradigm has been a useful tool for assessing factors that might influence false memory formation. Using the DRM paradigm, scientists have been able to show that, while learning under stress reduces overall recall, it does not influence false recall or recognition. This suggests that victims and witnesses of stressful crimes are no more likely to create false memories of the crime than they are to create false memories of other everyday events. Investigating the controversial issue of recovered memories for childhood sexual abuse, researchers have turned to DRM lists. Researchers have shown that","psg_id":"15901947"},{"title":"Institute for Plasma Research","text":"with representatives from Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay and Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta; top level State Government officers and some local members. The first Chairman of the Governing Council was Professor Predhiman Krishan Kaw(died June, 18, 2017 of Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar), a world-renowned Plasma Scientist who took keen interest for the all-round development of the Centre. After the expiry of its 3 years' term, the Governing Council of the Centre was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of Physical Research Laboratory as its","psg_id":"7280697"},{"title":"S. Christopher","text":"S. Christopher S Christopher is an Indian scientist who currently serves as Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Formerly he was director of the Centre for Airborne Systems. He is also the author of various research publications. Christopher is credited to have directed the manufacturing of India's first indigenous AEW&C system. He received various distinguished awards including the Best Defence Research and Development Organisation - Outstanding Scientist for 2012. He was appointed as Chairman of the DRDO on 29 May 2015 for a two-year term. He further got extension of 1year. Christopher obtained his BE (Hons) in","psg_id":"17110381"},{"title":"The Paradigm Shift","text":"be Korn's best album ever, but \"The Paradigm Shift\" is Korn's best album since \"Untouchables\" and metal fans could do a lot worse than that\". This is while Classic Rock Magazine stated \"It's Korn's most significant album in a long time\" about the album. \"The Paradigm Shift\" sold 46,000 copies in the United States in its first week of release, and debuted and peaked at No. 8 on the \"Billboard\" 200, making it Korn's twelfth studio album to peak in the top ten. The album has sold 174,000 copies as of September 2016 in the US. The Paradigm Shift The","psg_id":"17413294"},{"title":"The Amateur Scientist","text":"the column remained available to Scientific American paid subscribers via their website. Carlson, along with co-editor Sheldon Greaves, Ph.D., created \"The Amateur Scientist-The Complete Collection\", a CD-ROM containing all the articles in a fully text-searchable HTML format. Sometime after 2007 the \"Scientific American\" removed the subscriber-only requirement for certain years of the magazine, making \"The Amateur Scientist\" column for 1999-2001 available online. The Amateur Scientist The Amateur Scientist was a column in the \"Scientific American\", and was the definitive \"how-to\" resource for citizen-scientists for over 72 years (1928–2001), making it the longest running column in \"Scientific American\"s history. The column","psg_id":"2655626"},{"title":"The Man and the Challenge","text":"Fonda and Allen Case, respectively. In 1967, \"The Man and the Challenge\" was introduced in West Germany. Series producer Ivan Tors called the show \"The first to portray a scientist who does exciting things and is not a stuffed shirt\". The Man and the Challenge The Man and the Challenge is a 36-segment half-hour television adventure/science fiction series which ran new episodes on NBC from September 12, 1959, to June 11, 1960. It starred George Nader as Dr. Glenn Barton, a research scientist for the Institute of Human Factors, an agency that conducted experiments designed to measure human endurance for","psg_id":"12777498"},{"title":"CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute","text":"established in 1988 in the Belur Campus of the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bengaluru. The current Scientist-in-Charge of the centre is Dr.Vidyadhar Y Mudkavi The institute offers opportunities of summer projects for B.E. / M.Sc. / M.Tech students twice a year. CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute The CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute (CSIR-4PI) formerly CMMACS is a unit of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The centre is involved in developing modelling approaches for illuminating the structure and evolution of complex systems. In the late 1980s the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research realised the increasing importance of mathematical modelling and","psg_id":"15731266"},{"title":"The Amateur Scientist","text":"for Radio Shack and an amateur scientist. However, during a conversation between Mims and the publisher, it came up that Mims was an evangelical Christian and creationist who rejected the science of evolution. Not wanting to be perceived as supporting Creationism, \"Scientific American\" rescinded their offer. Mims charged religious discrimination without success. Ultimately, the magazine published just three of Mims' articles, along with several letters to the editor concerning his firing. Although the incident did not diminish \"Scientific American\"s commitment to the column, it did make the editors reluctant to offer the column to another amateur scientist. The magazine invited","psg_id":"2655623"},{"title":"The Amateur Scientist","text":"Although always accessible to an amateur's budget, projects from \"The Amateur Scientist\" were often elegant and sophisticated. Some designs were so innovative that they set new standards in a field. Indeed, professionals continue to borrow from \"The Amateur Scientist\" to find low-cost solutions to real-world research problems. \"The Amateur Scientist\" traces its pedigree to May 1928, when Albert G. Ingalls began the column as \"The Back Yard Astronomer.\" Ingalls told amateurs how they could get personally involved in astronomy by building professional-quality instruments and carrying out cutting-edge observations. The first sentence in the new column stated: \"Here we amateur telescope","psg_id":"2655618"},{"title":"Essential factors model","text":"environment giving the 100% paradigm: 100% / 100% / 100% paradigm – It is the purpose of the Essential Factors model to attempt to use value-neutral language to give maximum “meaning” and minimum “affect”. This will not always be the case but it is suggested that the use of the word “cause” and “human error” by an accident investigator during data collection and interview phases, will have a potentially greater negative response than the use of alternative words. All essential factors differ in controlability. Each essential factor, once identified is able to be reviewed for potential points of control. That","psg_id":"12443055"},{"title":"The Scientist (magazine)","text":"viewership of more than 2.6 million page views: \"The Scientist\" has won many awards, including most recently: The Scientist (magazine) The Scientist is a professional magazine intended for life scientists. Coverage includes reviews of widely noticed research papers, informing its audience of current research, updates to technology, updates to career information, profiles of scientists achieving notoriety, as well as other columns and reports of interest to its audience. The editor-in-chief is Mary Beth Aberlin. The magazine has been published monthly since 1986 and is available in print and online. \"The Scientist\" was published by the Faculty of 1000 until October","psg_id":"4941890"},{"title":"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions","text":"are not ‘the given’ of experience but rather ‘the collected with diffculty.’ They are not what the scientist sees—at least not before his research is well advanced and his attention focused. Rather, they are concrete indices to the content of more elementary perceptions, and as such they are selected for the close scrutiny of normal research only because they promise opportunity for the fruitful elaboration of an accepted paradigm. Far more clearly than the immediate experience from which they in part derive, operations and measurements are paradigm-determined. Science does not deal in all possible laboratory manipulations. Instead, it selects those","psg_id":"2102431"},{"title":"The First Church of Christ, Scientist","text":"Mary Baker Eddy Library; Reflection Hall (1971); Administration Building (1972); and Colonnade Building (1972). There is also a reflecting pool and fountain. In accordance with the \"Manual of The Mother Church\", the Mother Church is the only Christian Science church to use the definite article (\"the\") in its title. Branch churches are named \"First Church of Christ, Scientist\", \"Second Church of Christ, Scientist\", and so on, followed by the name of the city, in the order in which they were built in that city (for example, Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist, Chicago). The Original Mother Church, designed by Franklin I.","psg_id":"5238462"},{"title":"The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Magister's Pox","text":"be scientifically modeled with associated benefits of acquired knowledge and applications. Gould includes an analysis of E. O. Wilson's book \"Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge\" within the larger scope of his recommendations for a confederation of the physical sciences and humanities. He also provides an exegesis of texts participating in the development of the word \"consilience\" within a larger historical context of the concept's inception by Reverend William Whewell, who also coined the term \"scientist\", and whom Gould proclaims as \"the first modernist with joint command of both history and philosophy in the analysis of science\" (Whewell being best known","psg_id":"9012151"},{"title":"The Elements of Influence","text":"of Influence, a classification of the units of influence into an ontology. The Standard Table of Influence consists of 25 irreducibly unique influence stratagems (since revised down to 24, see below), organized by a three-class and eight-subclass superstructure. The table’s concise organization into a stable decision-support system for influence has led some practitioners to refer to it as “the Rosetta Stone of influence.” In addition to the Standard Table of Influence, \"The Elements of Influence\" details various other supporting tools and resources for the understanding and application of influence, including the Standard Cycle of Influence, Standard Factors of Influence, the","psg_id":"16207511"},{"title":"Independent scientist","text":"on to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1978. Chemist Luis Leloir funded the research institute he headed, the Institute for Biochemical Research, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1970. There are today several virtual research institutes for independent scientists. Independent scientist An independent scientist (modern gender-neutral term historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body. The expression \"gentleman scientist\" arose in post-Renaissance Europe, but became less common in","psg_id":"9241650"},{"title":"The Scientist (magazine)","text":"The Scientist (magazine) The Scientist is a professional magazine intended for life scientists. Coverage includes reviews of widely noticed research papers, informing its audience of current research, updates to technology, updates to career information, profiles of scientists achieving notoriety, as well as other columns and reports of interest to its audience. The editor-in-chief is Mary Beth Aberlin. The magazine has been published monthly since 1986 and is available in print and online. \"The Scientist\" was published by the Faculty of 1000 until October 2011. Its closure was announced in October 2011, but then the LabX Media Group announced its intent","psg_id":"4941885"},{"title":"The First Church of Christ, Scientist","text":"Restoration of the library’s 81,000-square foot portion of the building began in 1998, and the final renovation and additional construction were completed in 2002. The First Church of Christ, Scientist The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book \"Science and Health\" (1875). The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 14.5-acre Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The center","psg_id":"5238466"},{"title":"The First Church of Christ, Scientist","text":"The First Church of Christ, Scientist The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book \"Science and Health\" (1875). The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 14.5-acre Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The center is owned by the church and contains the Original Mother Church (1894); Mother Church Extension (1906); Christian Science Publishing House (1934), which houses the","psg_id":"5238461"},{"title":"The First Church of Christ, Scientist","text":"Welch, was completed in December 1894, eight years after the first Christian Science church, First Church of Christ, Scientist (Oconto, Wisconsin), was built by local women who felt they had been helped by the religion. Although fairly large for the time, the original church, a Romanesque Revival stone structure, is often overlooked because it is dwarfed by the much larger domed Mother Church Extension. Designed to fit on a kite-shaped lot, the former features a 126-foot (38 m) steeple and an octagonal auditorium that seats 900. It is built of granite from New Hampshire, Mary Baker Eddy's home state. Added","psg_id":"5238463"},{"title":"Mark S. Miller","text":"Mark S. Miller Mark S. Miller is an American computer scientist. He is known for his work as one of the participants in the 1979 hypertext project known as Project Xanadu; for inventing Miller columns; as the co-creator of the Agoric Paradigm of market-based distributed secure computing; and the open-source coordinator of the E programming language. He also designed the Caja programming language. Miller earned a BS in computer science from Yale in 1980 and published his Johns Hopkins PhD thesis in 2006. Previously Chief Architect with the Virus-Safe Computing Initiative at HP Labs, he is now a research scientist","psg_id":"7600853"},{"title":"David S. Salomon","text":"of Developmental Biology in the National Institute of Dental Research. By 1999, he was head of the Tumor Growth Factor Section of the Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute. Currently, Scientist Emeritus at the Tumor Growth Factor Section, he has been studying the interaction of growth factors and oncogenes in the etiology of breast and colon cancer. David S. Salomon David S. Salomon, Ph.D. (born 1947) is a cancer research scientist and co-discoverer of the Cripto-1 gene. His areas of research include stem cells, cell signaling, breast cancer, mammary gland development, small molecule inhibitors, and embryonic development.","psg_id":"20048518"},{"title":"Paradigm (experimental)","text":"a product of artifacts engendered by the use of a particular paradigm.\" The three core factors of paradigm design may be considered: \"(a) ...the 'nuts and bolts' of the paradigm itself...; (b) ...implementation concerns...; and (c) resources available.\" For example, the stop-signal paradigm, \"is a popular experimental paradigm to study response inhibition.\" The cooperative pulling paradigm is used to study cooperation. The weather prediction test is a paradigm used to study procedural learning. Other examples include Skinner boxes, rat mazes, and trajectory mapping. Paradigm (experimental) In the behavioural sciences (e.g. psychology, biology, neurosciences), an experimental paradigm, is an experimental setup","psg_id":"3313581"},{"title":"The Paradigm Shift","text":"by Munky: The standard edition of the album features 11 new tracks, while the deluxe edition contains an additional two tracks and a bonus DVD documenting the return of co-founding guitarist Brian \"Head\" Welch. A special edition of the album was released on July 22, 2014 as \"The Paradigm Shift: World Tour Edition\". It contains brand new studio and live recordings. The first new track, \"Hater\", was released as a single on June 19. \"The Paradigm Shift\" has received generally positive reviews. Metacritic scores the album with a rating of 65, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Max Barrett of Rock Sound","psg_id":"17413292"},{"title":"Clinical pharmaceutical scientist","text":"of preclinical, clinical, outcomes, and translational research, with translation research representing the middle ground between preclinical and clinical research. Subjects of interest to clinical pharmaceutical scientists in their respective field may involve the following: The duties of clinical pharmaceutical scientists can be broadly divided into two categories: scientific and clinical duties: Clinical pharmaceutical scientist A clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical pharmaceutical scientists are a type of clinician scientist, analogous to physician-scientists. The term clinical pharmaceutical scientist is distinct from the term pharmaceutical scientist,","psg_id":"20163903"},{"title":"Design paradigm","text":"Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science, which carries at least two main meanings: While the first meaning of \"design paradigm\" refers to exemplary design solutions that create \"design trends\", the second meaning refers to what a group of people expects from a type of design solutions. The term \"design paradigm\" is used within the design professions, including architecture, industrial design and engineering design, to indicate an archetypal solution. Thus a Swiss Army Knife is a design paradigm illustrating the concept of a single object that","psg_id":"4020860"},{"title":"Communibiology","text":"Communibiology Communibiology is a term referring to a research paradigm that emphasizes the \"neurobiological foundations of human communication behavior\". Communibiologists take the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate in communication development. The communibiological paradigm was developed by Beatty and McCroskey as an alternative to the nature side supporting social learning paradigm. They believe genetics to be far more important in the development of communication behavior than learning processes and the environment. These researchers do concede, however, that genetic factors are not the sole source of communication behavior. One accepted ratio is 20% influence of cultural, situational, or environmental","psg_id":"13614634"},{"title":"The Cramps","text":"Trashmen, The Green Fuz and The Sonics, as well as the post-glam/early punk scene from which they emerged, as well as citing Ricky Nelson as being an influence during numerous interviews. They also were influenced to a degree by the Ramones and Screamin' Jay Hawkins, who were an influence for their style of theatrical horror-blues. In turn, The Cramps have influenced countless subsequent bands in the garage, punk and revival rockabilly styles, and helped create the psychobilly genre. \"Psychobilly\" was a term coined by The Cramps, although Lux Interior maintained that the term did not describe their own style. Lux","psg_id":"432300"},{"title":"First Church of Christ, Scientist, Brisbane","text":"and a distinctive example of a Christian Science church. The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Brisbane is an important building in the evolution of architecture in Queensland. Designed by Lucas and Cummings Architects, leaders in all aspects of the architectural profession in Queensland in the first half of the 20th century, it demonstrates the influence of modernist architectural ideas and practices that developed initially in Europe and became the dominant trend in architecture from the mid-twentieth century. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The First Church of Christ Scientist, Brisbane,","psg_id":"20589268"},{"title":"Clinical pharmaceutical scientist","text":"Clinical pharmaceutical scientist A clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical pharmaceutical scientists are a type of clinician scientist, analogous to physician-scientists. The term clinical pharmaceutical scientist is distinct from the term pharmaceutical scientist, in that a clinical pharmaceutical scientist is a practicing clinical pharmacist involved in science relating to the discovery and/or development of pharmaceuticals, the development of new knowledge improving the use of pharmaceuticals in clinical practice, or any other subfield of pharmaceutical science (e.g. pharmacoeconomics, pharmacokinetics, outcomes research), while a pharmaceutical scientist","psg_id":"20163890"},{"title":"Risk factors for breast cancer","text":"are effective for most white women. Research is currently ongoing to define the contribution of both biological and cultural factors. Part of the differences in incidence that is attributable to race and economic status may be explained by past use of hormone replacement therapy One research published in 2009 has shown that moderate green tea or black tea consumption (three or more cups per day) can reduce breast cancer risk by 37% in women younger than 50 years old, comparing with women who drank no tea at all. But no association was found for overall women. However that study has","psg_id":"11022729"},{"title":"Region of freshwater influence","text":"of buoyancy as heat which occurs all over the shelf. Americans usually use the term river plume where Europeans use ROFI. Region of freshwater influence Region of Freshwater Influence (ROFI), a term coined by Prof. John Simpson of the University of Wales, Bangor, and co-authors, in 1993 in Oceanologica Acta for the Rhine river plume. The term refers to regions where rivers debouch into estuaries and coastal shelf seas where the currents patterns are governed by density differences between salt sea water and fresh river water. In other words, a ROFI is the region between the shelf sea regime and","psg_id":"10603189"},{"title":"The Scientist (magazine)","text":"to purchase and continue publishing it. The Group officially acquired the magazine at the end of October 2011. \"The Scientist\" was founded by Eugene Garfield. Its aim is to provide print and online coverage of the latest developments in life sciences research, technology, and business. Subject matter covered by the magazine includes: Starting with the May 2010 issue, additional sections and features were added from the Faculty of 1000. The additional content includes reviews of highly rated research papers and profiles of up-and-coming scientists. Since 2003, \"The Scientist\" has conducted \"best places to work\" surveys: one for postdoctoral researchers in","psg_id":"4941886"},{"title":"Left–right paradigm","text":"Left–right paradigm The left–right paradigm is a concept from political sciences and anthropology which proposes that societies have a tendency to divide themselves into ideological opposites. Important contributions to the theory of the paradigm were made by British social anthropologist Rodney Needham, who saw it as a basic human classifying device. It shares affinity with the cultural \"romantic-classic\" paradigm. The term is used to analyze political discourse since the 19th century. It has, however, been suggested that in the 21st century the paradigm will become less useful as a tool of social and political analysis; some of the major current","psg_id":"13847891"},{"title":"Pulmonary scientist","text":"study and research even though the increase in respiratory related disease is increasing. In Australia there is no register or licensure for Respiratory Care, there is however the Certified Respiratory Function Scientist (CRFS) credential. Australian respiratory therapy is done by physiotherapists who have further specialized in cardiopulmonary therapeutics and the scope not covered by physiotherapists are managed by specialized respiratory nurses. The term Respiratory Scientist is used to describe the profession which is limited to Pulmonary Function Testing. Though there is no official credentialing required, university degrees are required to practice. The Respiratory Scientist is involved in all aspects of","psg_id":"15893515"},{"title":"Left–right paradigm","text":"body ruling authority over the masses. The two parties act to create divisiveness and influence the general population while keeping control of the political spectrum. The false left–right paradigm political theory is closely related to theory of Inverted totalitarianism and Managed Democracy. The false left–right paradigm theorizes that opposing political groups use their influence over the establishment media to dramatize party warfare distraction, in grand performances of bureaucratic rivalry meant to propagandize and divide the populace. Psychological deception is coordinated on all levels of politics and fed through controlled media outlets to divert attention away from the ruling class's hidden","psg_id":"13847895"},{"title":"The Scientist (magazine)","text":"has conferred awards for the top innovations in science technology: Nominations are submitted; entries are reviewed by a panel of judges; and the winners are announced annually in the December edition of the magazine. In 2007, \"The Scientist\" started recognizing those laboratories which were best at using the Internet to further science. Labs using YouTube, Wikipedia, JoVE, and other online tools to best collaborate, communicate, and research were nominated by readers around the world. Every year, the magazine invites scientists to contribute videos and offers awards in various categories. \"The Scientist\" offers a website that complements the print version by","psg_id":"4941888"},{"title":"Oddball paradigm","text":"used. Oddball paradigm The oddball paradigm is an experimental design used within psychology research. Presentations of sequences of repetitive stimuli are infrequently interrupted by a deviant stimulus. The reaction of the participant to this \"oddball\" stimulus is recorded. The oddball method was first used in event-related potential (ERP) research by Nancy Squires, Kenneth Squires and Steven Hillyard at the UC San Diego. In ERP research it has been found that an event-related potential across the parieto-central area of the skull that usually occurs around 300 ms after stimuli presentation called P300 is larger after the target stimulus. The P300 wave","psg_id":"14634812"},{"title":"Oddball paradigm","text":"Oddball paradigm The oddball paradigm is an experimental design used within psychology research. Presentations of sequences of repetitive stimuli are infrequently interrupted by a deviant stimulus. The reaction of the participant to this \"oddball\" stimulus is recorded. The oddball method was first used in event-related potential (ERP) research by Nancy Squires, Kenneth Squires and Steven Hillyard at the UC San Diego. In ERP research it has been found that an event-related potential across the parieto-central area of the skull that usually occurs around 300 ms after stimuli presentation called P300 is larger after the target stimulus. The P300 wave only","psg_id":"14634806"},{"title":"Alexander Laszlo (scientist)","text":"Alexander Laszlo (scientist) Alexander Laszlo (*1964) is a polycultural systems scientist, residing in Argentina. Laszlo was the 57th President of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), known for his work on systems theories and \"education ecosystems\". He, furthermore, is the President of the Board of Directors of the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (BCSSS), based in Vienna, Austria. He also functions as the Director of Development at the Laszlo Institute of New Paradigm Research (L-INPR), which is based in Lucca, Italy. With his research and work Alexander Laszlo has delivered outstanding contributions in the fields","psg_id":"15363831"},{"title":"Non-structured programming","text":"Non-structured programming Non-structured programming is the historically earliest programming paradigm capable of creating Turing-complete algorithms. It is often contrasted with the structured programming paradigm, in particular with the use of unstructured control flow using goto statements or equivalent. The distinction was particularly stressed by the publication of the influential \"Go To Statement Considered Harmful\" open letter in 1968 by Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra, who coined the term \"structured programming\". Unstructured programming has been heavily criticized for producing hardly-readable (\"spaghetti\") code. There are both high- and low-level programming languages that use non-structured programming. Some languages commonly cited as being","psg_id":"12657544"},{"title":"Paradigm","text":"that 'scientific group membership is not concerned with desire, emotions, gain, loss and any idealistic notions concerning the nature and destiny of humankind...but simply to do with aptitude, explanation, [and] cold description of the facts of the world and the universe from within a paradigm'. Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. \"Paradigm\" comes from Greek παράδειγμα (\"paradeigma\"), \"pattern, example, sample\" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (\"paradeiknumi\"), \"exhibit, represent, expose\" and that from παρά (\"para\"), \"beside,","psg_id":"1493391"},{"title":"The Amateur Scientist","text":"the column in November of that year and immediately returned its focus to cutting-edge science projects that amateurs can do inexpensively at home. Over one million \"Scientific American\" readers turned to \"The Amateur Scientist\" every month. In 1999, Carlson won a MacArthur Fellowship for science education in part for the innovative projects he developed for \"The Amateur Scientist\". In 2001, \"Scientific American\" came under new management. As part of a redesign of the magazine, all of the long-running columns were retired, including \"The Amateur Scientist\". March 2001 was the last time the column ran in \"Scientific American\". Archived versions of","psg_id":"2655625"},{"title":"The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine","text":"The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine is a book authored by New Historian Ilan Pappé and published in 2006 by One World Oxford. During the 1948 Palestine war, around 720,000 Palestinian Arabs out of the 900,000 who lived in the territories that became Israel fled or were expelled from their homes. The causes of this exodus are controversial and debated by historians. In his own words, Ilan Pappé \"want[s] to make the case for the paradigm of ethnic cleansing and use[s] it to replace the paradigm of war as the basis for the scholarly research of,","psg_id":"17155944"},{"title":"For the Term of His Natural Life","text":"\"His Convict Bride\" or \"For the Term of Her Natural Life\" (1918) also alluded to Clarke's work. Note that many different editions of this book exist. Dr Lurline Stuart (PhD), Research Associate at the National Centre for Australian Studies at Monash University, has produced an edition that shows a core text and the variations, with detailed commentary, from the other texts that were produced during Clarke's life. See http://hass.unsw.adfa.edu.au/ASEC/HNL_Blurb.html This edition contains various typographical errors throughout the text. For the Term of His Natural Life For the Term of His Natural Life, written by Marcus Clarke, was published in the","psg_id":"7776304"},{"title":"Narrative paradigm","text":"research refer to it as a general way of viewing communication. The narrative paradigm is generally considered an interpretative theory of communication. It is an especially useful theory for teaching qualitative research methods. Fisher’s theory has been considered for domains ranging from organizational communication to family interaction, to racism, and to advertising. McNamara proposed that the narrative paradigm can be used with military storytelling to enhance the perception of the United States armed services. Stutts and Barker, of Virginia Commonwealth University, proposed that the Narrative Paradigm can be used to evaluate if a company's brand will be well received by","psg_id":"5543530"},{"title":"Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate","text":"science research center, CARA has produced many surveys; program reviews; archival, historical, and other research for a wide range of organizations ranging from the U. S. Conference of Catholic Bishops to individual dioceses, parishes, and religious institutes. Since its founding, the Center has produced nearly 2,000 research reports. Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate The Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) is a national, non-profit, applied social science research center, affiliated with Georgetown University, that studies Catholicism and the Catholic Church. The center opened in March 1965 under its first president, Cardinal John Cody, then archbishop of","psg_id":"20556153"},{"title":"European Association for the Study of the Liver","text":"Elsevier. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, case reports and letters to the Editor about clinical and basic research in the field of hepatology. EASL offers resources for the following fellowships: Physician Scientist Fellowships, Post-doc Research Fellowship, Entry-level Research Fellowship, Short-term Training Fellowship. European Association for the Study of the Liver The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) is a European professional association for liver disease. EASL was founded by the German physician Gustav-Adolf Martini in April 1966, in Marburg, Germany, to promote research on the liver and its pathology and to improve therapy for liver disorders.","psg_id":"15651974"},{"title":"The Scientist (magazine)","text":"all sectors, one for all life scientists working in industry, and one for all life scientists working in academia. These surveys aim to find what aspects of the workplace are most important for job satisfaction and which institutions measure up to those standards. Throughout the year, \"The Scientist\" publishes overviews of these surveys' results, highlighting the top-ranking institutions. \"The Scientist\" conducts an annual survey of researchers, educators, and industry executives across various life science disciplines to learn about their income and job satisfaction. This is a highly valued resource amongst science professionals. Results are published annually. Since 2008, \"The Scientist\"","psg_id":"4941887"},{"title":"Georgian verb paradigm","text":"Georgian verb paradigm For non-native speakers, Georgian verb conjugation remains a difficult subject even for those who have been studying the language for a while. This is because verbs in Georgian do not tend to conform to a \"universal\" conjugation system like in most European languages. In verb conjugation, there are some important factors to keep track of: Here is a full conjugation of a verb with all persons in all screeves: Verb root შენ, \"shen\"; infinite form აშენება, \"asheneba\" (to build) Present subseries The thematic suffix -ებ, \"-eb\" is present, but without the preverb: Future subseries The preverb \"a-\"","psg_id":"5213235"},{"title":"Scientist–practitioner model","text":"at all of the conferences. At the Boulder Conference of 1949, this model of training for clinical graduate programs was purposed. Here, it received accreditation by the psychological community and the American Psychological Association. The goal of the scientist-practitioner model is to increase scientific growth within clinical psychology in the United States. It calls for graduate programs to engage and develop psychologists' background in psychological theory, field work, and research methodology. The scientist-practitioner model urges clinicians to allow empirical research to influence their applied practice; while simultaneously, allowing their experiences during applied practice to shape their future research questions. Therefore,","psg_id":"7785941"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so","psg_id":"20739513"},{"title":"Paradigm","text":"the context of the historical moment. Hutchin outlines some conditions that facilitate a system of thought to become an accepted dominant paradigm: The word \"paradigm\" is also still used to indicate a pattern or model or an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype. The term is frequently used in this sense in the design professions. Design Paradigms or archetypes comprise functional precedents for design solutions. The best known references on design paradigms are \"Design Paradigms: A Sourcebook for Creative Visualization\", by Wake, and \"Design Paradigms\" by Petroski. This term is also used in cybernetics. Here it means (in a","psg_id":"1493387"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"violent and most corrupt\" in Philippine modern history, with the term \"Three Gs\", meaning \"guns, goons, and gold\" coined to describe administration's election tactics of vote-buying, terrorism and ballot snatching. Marcos used the military and the government bureaucracy for his campaign, and also went on a campaign spending spree, initiating USD50 million worth in infrastructure projects meant to impress the electorate. The most infamous incidents of violence took place in Batanes, where Philippine Constabulary officers, paramilitary groups and hired guns essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders.","psg_id":"20739523"},{"title":"Narrative paradigm","text":"making cohesive arguments. Fisher conceptualized the paradigm as a way to combat issues in the public sphere. The issue was that human beings were unable to make cohesive traditional arguments. At the time, rational world paradigm was the theory used to satisfy public controversies. He believed that stories have the power to include beginning, middle, and end of an argument and that the rational world paradigm fails to be effective in sensemaking. Fisher uses the term paradigm rather than theory, meaning a paradigm is broader than a theory. Fisher stated, \"There is no genre, including technical communication, that is not","psg_id":"5543523"},{"title":"The Who","text":"hits as the Detours, and R&B in 1963. The group move to a mod sound the following year, particularly after hearing the Small Faces fuse Motown with a harsher R&B sound. The group's early work was geared towards singles, though it was not straightforward pop. In 1967, Townshend coined the term \"power pop\" to describe the Who's style. Like their contemporaries, the group were influenced by the arrival of Hendrix, particularly after the Who and the Experience met at Monterey. This and lengthy touring strengthened the band's sound. In the studio, they began to develop softer pieces, particularly from \"Tommy\"","psg_id":"470500"},{"title":"The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm","text":"The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm is one of the major works of Estonian architect Valve Pormeister. Located in Kurtna, Harju County, Estonia and built in 1966, it is the first example of modern architecture in a rural setting and marks the emergence of a new type of modern scientific institution building. It became a model building that was set up as an example for others. Kurtna center started the period of \"cornice architecture\" with Finnish influence together with another Valve Pormeisters work Café","psg_id":"20713221"},{"title":"Scientist","text":"19th or early 20th century, scientists were still referred to as \"natural philosophers\" or \"men of science\". English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell coined the term \"scientist\" in 1833, and it first appeared in print in Whewell's anonymous 1834 review of Mary Somerville's \"On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences\" published in the \"Quarterly Review\". Whewell's suggestion of the term was partly satirical, a response to changing conceptions of science itself in which natural knowledge was increasingly seen as distinct from other forms of knowledge. Whewell wrote of \"an increasing proclivity of separation and dismemberment\" in the sciences;","psg_id":"359731"},{"title":"Paradigm case argument","text":"Paradigm case argument In analytic philosophy, the paradigm case argument is an argument which is applied as a rebuttal to the claim that certain concepts, such as free will or knowledge, are meaningless. The paradigm case argument is that if a term, such as \"knowledge\", is regularly applied to some cases and not to others, then that term (and the concept it refers to) cannot truly be undefined, as it clearly has some kind of definition in practice. The argument is so named because it often takes the form of pointing out a \"paradigm case\"—a case which unambiguously falls under","psg_id":"18404047"},{"title":"Oddball paradigm","text":"is modulated by both stimulus significance and novelty. The classic auditory oddball paradigm can be modified to produce different neural responses and can therefore be used to investigate dysfunctions in sensory and cognitive processing in clinical samples. A unique application of the oddball paradigm is being used heavily in Schizophrenia research to study the effects in neuronal generator patterns in continuous recognition memory, and the endophenotypes, which provide model on genetic relation of psychiatric diseases that represents phenotypes between manifest clinical syndrome and genetic underpinnings. The oddball paradigm has been extended to use outside of ERP research. The oddball paradigm","psg_id":"14634810"},{"title":"Global Forum for Health Research","text":"Global Forum for Health Research The Global Forum for Health Research is an international foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland established in 1997 to increase the amount of research into global health issues. It coined the phrase 10/90 gap to identify the observation that only 10% of the world's health research spending is targeted at 90% of present health problems. The Global Forum is a partner to the World Health Organization. In her keynote address to the Forum in 1999 Gro Harlem Brundtland, then Director–General of WHO, declared that the Global Forum was key in the involvement of all the various","psg_id":"13440501"},{"title":"Paradigm","text":"referred to these as research traditions. Laudan noted that some anomalies become \"dormant\", if they survive a long period during which no competing alternative has shown itself capable of resolving the anomaly. He also presented cases in which a dominant paradigm had withered away because its lost credibility when viewed against changes in the wider intellectual milieu. Kuhn himself did not consider the concept of paradigm as appropriate for the social sciences. He explains in his preface to \"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\" that he developed the concept of paradigm precisely to distinguish the social from the natural sciences. While","psg_id":"1493381"},{"title":"Paradigm case argument","text":"the common definition of the term, and so can be taken as a definite instance of the supposedly non-existent concept. This argument was commonly applied during the flourishing of linguistic philosophy. Paradigm case argument In analytic philosophy, the paradigm case argument is an argument which is applied as a rebuttal to the claim that certain concepts, such as free will or knowledge, are meaningless. The paradigm case argument is that if a term, such as \"knowledge\", is regularly applied to some cases and not to others, then that term (and the concept it refers to) cannot truly be undefined, as","psg_id":"18404048"},{"title":"AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research","text":"1983 as the Krim-founded AIDS Medical Foundation (AMF), which sought to lessen the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS diagnoses, as well as to increase funding to the cause. The name change came as a result of the AMF's merge with the California-based National AIDS Research Foundation, which sought to actively engage in HIV-related drug development. What resulted was a foundation that prioritized both research and development as well as policy influence. This foundation was one of the first of its kind to embody both aspects of healthcare. AmfAR currently has three headquarters, located in New York City; Washington D.C.; and Bangkok, Thailand.","psg_id":"7143417"},{"title":"The Rabbits Who Caused All the Trouble","text":"The Rabbits Who Caused All the Trouble \"The Rabbits who caused all the Trouble\" is a short modern fable written by James Thurber. It first appeared in \"The New Yorker\" on August 26, 1939; and was first collected in his book \"Fables for Our Time and Famous Poems Illustrated\" (Harper and Brothers, 1940). The fable has since been reprinted in \"The Thurber Carnival\" (Harper and Brothers, 1945), \"James Thurber: Writings and Drawings\" (The Library of America, 1996, ), \"The Oxford Book of Modern Fairy Tales\", and other publications. The story is often used in classes that teach English as a","psg_id":"13766086"},{"title":"Cooperative pulling paradigm","text":"themselves via an apparatus they can not successfully operate alone. The cooperative pulling paradigm is the most popular paradigm for testing cooperation in animals. The type of apparatus used in cooperative pulling experiments can vary. Researcher Meredith Crawford, who invented the experimental paradigm in 1937 while at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, used an apparatus consisting of two ropes attached to a box that was too heavy to be pulled by a single chimpanzee. The standard apparatus is used in the loose-string task, designed by Hirata in 2003, in which a single string or rope is threaded through loops","psg_id":"20528989"},{"title":"First Church of Christ, Scientist (Forest Grove, Oregon)","text":"First Church of Christ, Scientist (Forest Grove, Oregon) The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, located at 1904 Pacific Avenue in Forest Grove, Oregon, in the United States is a historic Christian Science church built in 1916. It was designed by Spencer S. Beman, son of the noted designer of Christian Science churches, Solon Spencer Beman who had died in 1914. On January 21, 1994, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. First Church of Christ Scientist, Forest Grove was designed by Chicago architect Spencer S. Beman, son and partner of architect, Solon Spencer Beman. First Church","psg_id":"11660357"},{"title":"Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia)","text":"Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia) The Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) is part of the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. Its primary responsibilities are to enable growth and productivity for globally competitive industries. To help realise this vision, the Department has four key objectives: supporting science and commercialisation, growing business investment and improving business capability, streamlining regulation and building a high performance organisation. The Chief Scientist is responsible for advising the Government of Australia on scientific and technological issues. The Chief Scientist chairs the Research Quality Framework \"Development Advisory Group\", the \"National Research Priorities Standing Committee\" and","psg_id":"9610752"},{"title":"Institute for Research on Learning","text":"Institute for Research on Learning The Institute for Research on Learning (IRL) in Palo Alto, California was co-founded by John Seely Brown, then chief research scientist at the Palo Alto Research Center, and James Greeno, Professor of Education at Stanford University, with the support of David Kearns, CEO of Xerox Corporation in 1986 through a grant from the Xerox Foundation. It operated from 1986 to 2000 as an independent cross-disciplinary think tank with a mission to study learning in all its forms and sites. George Pake, who founded Xerox Palo Alto Research Corporation in 1970 became IRL's first director and","psg_id":"14112629"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"would initiate development projects at the barrio level without going through the Barrio and Municipal governments. Marcos also took credit for the dramatic increase in rice production caused by the 1968 introduction of a new \"miracle rice\" variety, IR8, by the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Laguna - although the IRRI program that developed the variety had started as early as 1962, during the Macapagal administration, and was the product of an International consortium, not the Philippine government. During this first term, Marcos also began systematically cultivating a group entrepreneurs and industrialists loyal to him, rather than the","psg_id":"20739516"},{"title":"Institute for Research on Learning","text":"the client experience for Discovery using Big Data. In Ahram, T., Karwowski, W., and T. Marek (eds.), \"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics AHFE 2014\", Kraków, Poland July 19–23. Institute for Research on Learning The Institute for Research on Learning (IRL) in Palo Alto, California was co-founded by John Seely Brown, then chief research scientist at the Palo Alto Research Center, and James Greeno, Professor of Education at Stanford University, with the support of David Kearns, CEO of Xerox Corporation in 1986 through a grant from the Xerox Foundation. It operated from 1986 to","psg_id":"14112644"},{"title":"Tom Connors (research scientist)","text":"Tom Connors (research scientist) Professor Thomas Anthony Connors (18 December 1934 – 4 February 2002) was a British cancer research scientist. Connors was for 40 years involved in the development of anti-cancer drugs including cis-platinum and its derivative, carbo-platin, two effective anti-cancer agents. Connors' initial research was under the auspices of mentor and friend Professor Walter Ross at the Chester Beatty Institute where he gained his Doctorate in 1960. In 1976 Connors' career expanded into the field of toxicology and he was appointed Director of the Medical Research Council's toxicology unit. Connors also sat on committees including the Cancer Research","psg_id":"18916437"},{"title":"Paradigm","text":"Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. \"Paradigm\" comes from Greek παράδειγμα (\"paradeigma\"), \"pattern, example, sample\" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (\"paradeiknumi\"), \"exhibit, represent, expose\" and that from παρά (\"para\"), \"beside, beyond\" and δείκνυμι (\"deiknumi\"), \"to show, to point out\". In rhetoric, \"paradeigma\" is known as a type of proof. The purpose of \"paradeigma\" is to provide an audience with an illustration of similar occurrences. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a","psg_id":"1493361"},{"title":"Margaret Hamilton (scientist)","text":"Margaret Hamilton (scientist) Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. She is credited with coining the term \"software engineering\". Hamilton was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. In 1986, she became the founder and CEO of Hamilton Technologies, Inc., in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The company was developed around the Universal Systems Language based on her paradigm of Development Before the Fact (DBTF) for systems and software design. Hamilton has published over 130 papers, proceedings, and reports","psg_id":"14778998"},{"title":"Design paradigm","text":"from computer hardware to musical composition. The design paradigms concept has proven so powerful in traditional fields of design, that it has inspired a branch of computer science, where computational analogies to design paradigms are commonly called software design patterns. Importantly however, in design professions the term \"design pattern\" usually describes a 2-dimensional structure, whereas the term \"design paradigm\" (or model) usually implies a higher order, having 3 or more dimensions. Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science, which carries at least two main meanings: While","psg_id":"4020863"},{"title":"The Society for Basic Urologic Research","text":"For more information: http://www.sbur.org/ The Society for Basic Urologic Research The Society for Basic Urologic Research (SBUR) is a US-based basic urological researcher's society with ~600 active members in the US, Europe and Asia, including laboratory and physician scientists (Ph.D.'s, M.D.'s, M.D.-Ph.D.'s, and trainees) in academia, industry and the government. The major research interest areas are normal physiology and pathophysiology of the organs in the genitourinary system including the kidney, the bladder, the prostate, the testis and the penis. The SBUR holds two annual meetings each year. The SBUR Spring meeting in May of each year is part of the","psg_id":"12045651"},{"title":"Paradigm Entertainment","text":"Paradigm Entertainment Paradigm Entertainment (previously part of Paradigm Simulation) was an American video game development company. Paradigm is perhaps best known for its vehicle simulation games. Founded as a 3D computer graphics company in 1990, Paradigm primarily worked on realistic flight simulation technology for major space and aviation clients. The company got its start in game development when it was contacted by Nintendo in 1994 to aid in the creation of one of the Nintendo 64's launch titles, \"Pilotwings 64\". The game was a critical and commercial success for the developer, causing the simulation and entertainment divisions of Paradigm to","psg_id":"7623609"},{"title":"History of science in the Renaissance","text":"over study of natural philosophy or applied mathematics. Others have focused on the positive influence of the Renaissance, pointing to factors like the rediscovery of lost or obscure texts and the increased emphasis on the study of language and the correct reading of texts. Marie Boas Hall coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution, 1450–1630. More recently, Peter Dear has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science: a \"Scientific Renaissance\" of the 15th and 16th centuries, focused on the restoration of the natural knowledge of the ancients; and a \"Scientific Revolution\"","psg_id":"7217464"},{"title":"Knitting Under the Influence","text":"decade ago? Caught between life, love, and pursuit of the perfect cast-on, these three friends learn that there are never any easy answers, except maybe one-that when the going gets tough, the tough gets knitting. \"Jane Austen invented 'chick lit' (if that term means witty novels that closely observe the details that matter to women), and this intelligent, hilarious book is peopled with wise yet flawed women who, like the best of Austen's heroines, always choose love over 'marrying well.'\" -Cathryn Michon, author of \"The Grrl Genius Guide to Life\" \"Filled with lovable characters, KNITTING UNDER THE INFLUENCE is a","psg_id":"10050245"},{"title":"Center for Strategic Studies under the President of Azerbaijan","text":"foreign policy, examine geopolitical events and international problems, make forecasts on future developments and research the factors which could influence relevant processes. Through publications, brainstorming meetings, conferences and policy recommendations, SAM conducts rigorous research with a forward-looking policy orientation, thus bringing new perspectives to strategic discussions and contributing to the informed decision making mechanisms in Azerbaijan. Taking account of all these duties, SAM prepares various programs, theories and doctrines corresponding to Azerbaijan's state interests and national security. The Center for Strategic Studies is divided into main departments that help to carry out its objectives. This department conducts scientific and conceptual","psg_id":"13604099"},{"title":"The Society for Basic Urologic Research","text":"The Society for Basic Urologic Research The Society for Basic Urologic Research (SBUR) is a US-based basic urological researcher's society with ~600 active members in the US, Europe and Asia, including laboratory and physician scientists (Ph.D.'s, M.D.'s, M.D.-Ph.D.'s, and trainees) in academia, industry and the government. The major research interest areas are normal physiology and pathophysiology of the organs in the genitourinary system including the kidney, the bladder, the prostate, the testis and the penis. The SBUR holds two annual meetings each year. The SBUR Spring meeting in May of each year is part of the American Urological Association's (AUA)","psg_id":"12045643"},{"title":"Vitiating factors in the law of contract","text":"Vitiating factors in the law of contract In English law, a vitiating factor in the common law of contract is a factor that can affect the validity of a contract. The concept has been adopted in other common law jurisdictions, including the USA. A vitiating factor is one which spoils the contract, rendering it imperfect. The standard remedy is rescission, but damages may also be available. (By contrast, the standard remedy for breach of contract is damages, with repudiation available for serious breach only). The main vitiating factors in the law of contract are: misrepresentation, mistake, undue influence, duress, incapacity,","psg_id":"13253965"},{"title":"The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research","text":"Beatson in 1976 to its present location on the Garscube Estate, where it has since interacted closely with researchers at the University of Glasgow. Professor John Wyke became Director in 1987 and Professor Karen Vousden was appointed as Director in 2002. In 2016, Karen went on to become CRUK’s chief scientist and Prof Owen Sansom took over as Director, having served as Deputy Director since 2011. The Institute moved in 2008 to a new research building built by Reiach and Hall Architects with modern laboratory space, dedicated areas for equipment, several meeting rooms and a lecture theatre. Research groups at","psg_id":"19600987"},{"title":"Independent scientist","text":"Independent scientist An independent scientist (modern gender-neutral term historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body. The expression \"gentleman scientist\" arose in post-Renaissance Europe, but became less common in the 20th century as government and private funding increased. Most independent scientists have at some point in their career been affiliated with some academic institution, such as Charles Darwin, who was affiliated with the Geological Society of London. Self-funded scientists practiced more commonly from the Renaissance until","psg_id":"9241646"},{"title":"Paradigm","text":"of science. Perhaps the greatest barrier to a paradigm shift, in some cases, is the reality of paradigm paralysis: the inability or refusal to see beyond the current models of thinking. This is similar to what psychologists term confirmation bias. Examples include rejection of Aristarchus of Samos', Copernicus', and Galileo's theory of a heliocentric solar system, the discovery of electrostatic photography, xerography and the quartz clock. Kuhn pointed out that it could be difficult to assess whether a particular paradigm shift had actually led to progress, in the sense of explaining more facts, explaining more important facts, or providing better","psg_id":"1493374"},{"title":"We're All Together Again for the First Time","text":"We're All Together Again for the First Time We're All Together Again for the First Time is a 1973 live album by Dave Brubeck and his quintet recorded at various locations in Europe. The album peaked at 20 on the \"Billboard\" Top Jazz Charts. \"Truth\", \"Unfinished Woman\" and \"Take Five\" were recorded at the Berliner Philharmonie, \"Koto Song\" was recorded at the Paris Olympia and \"Rotterdam Blues\" and \"Sweet Georgia Brown\" at the De Doelen concert hall in Rotterdam. The album was reviewed by Scott Yanow at Allmusic who wrote that \"For this very logical record, altoist Paul Desmond...makes the","psg_id":"19152008"},{"title":"The Scientist (magazine)","text":"offering life science news and interactive multimedia features. The current month's magazine content, news blogs, and podcasts are freely available with registration, while premium subscribers are also given access to the magazine's archives of articles, news, and editorials. In 2011, \"The Scientist\" launched a Facebook page to deliver its content in the social media realm. The page now has more than 1.5 million page likes and fosters a highly engaged community of readers. The following year, \"The Scientist\" launched special interest Facebook pages to share the latest research developments in six different life science topics. These pages boast a combined","psg_id":"4941889"},{"title":"The Scientist (Arrow)","text":"Amell stars as Oliver, alongside Katie Cassidy, David Ramsey, Willa Holland, Emily Bett Rickards, Colton Haynes, Manu Bennett, Susanna Thompson, and Paul Blackthorne. The episode introduces guest star Grant Gustin as Barry Allen, who arrives in Starling City to personally investigate a superhuman-related crime. \"The Scientist\" originally aired on The CW on December 4, 2013, and was watched by 3.24 million viewers according to Nielsen Media Research. It had a season high viewership and a series high 18–34 rating. The episode received a positive critical response. When a masked thief with superhuman strength steals a centrifuge from Queen Consolidated, Central","psg_id":"20837646"},{"title":"Knitting Under the Influence","text":"warm, witty, and absolutely intoxicating read.\" -Sarah Mlynowski, author of \"Milkrun\" and \"Me vs. Me\" Romantic Books panned \"Knitting Under the Influence\" by saying the book was slow and \"turned into a burdensome cliche\". Knitting Under the Influence Knitting Under the Influence is a 2006 novel written by author Claire Scovell LaZebnik about three girls in their late twenties who have a weekly knitting circle, yet, they all have busy individual lives. The knitting circle is the only way these girls can stay connected with each other. Sometimes it feels like their weekly knitting circle is the only thing that","psg_id":"10050246"},{"title":"Institute for the Future","text":"the Middletown office until his departure in 1973. Amara held this position until 1990. During Amara's presidency, the Institute conducted some of the earliest studies of the impact of the ARPANET on collaborative work and scientific research, and was notable for its research on computer mediated communications, also known as groupware. Starting from the early seventies astrophysicist and computer scientist Jacques Vallee, sociologist Bob Johansen, and technology forecaster Paul Saffo worked for IFTF. In 1975 the Corporate Associates Program was started to assist private organisations interpret emerging trends and the long-term consequences. Although this program operated until 2001, its role","psg_id":"19037580"},{"title":"All the Fat Children","text":"All the Fat Children All The Fat Children (ATFC) is a Bengaluru-based rock band that was formed in June 2008. ATFC is composed of Eben Johnson on guitar and vocals, Vickram \"Vicky\" Kiran on bass and vocals, Sachin Savio Dane on drums. Naveen Thomas Joseph and Bryden Stephen Lewis play guitars on occasion. ATFC plays Fat Rock, a genre they coined to term their \"fat\" sound. ATFC has its roots as a college band from Christ University. The three members met up at university while studying and decided to form the band. The band had performed in Bangalore with Motherjane","psg_id":"17349583"},{"title":"Paradigm Entertainment","text":"same position at THQ's studio in Montreal. The remaining staff relocated to other companies, such as Gearbox Software. Paradigm Entertainment Paradigm Entertainment (previously part of Paradigm Simulation) was an American video game development company. Paradigm is perhaps best known for its vehicle simulation games. Founded as a 3D computer graphics company in 1990, Paradigm primarily worked on realistic flight simulation technology for major space and aviation clients. The company got its start in game development when it was contacted by Nintendo in 1994 to aid in the creation of one of the Nintendo 64's launch titles, \"Pilotwings 64\". The game","psg_id":"7623617"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Structure–conduct–performance paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"market structure. Additionally, external factors such as legal or political interventions affect the market framework and, by extension, the structure, conduct and performance of the market. Structure–conduct–performance paradigm The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933, and developed by Joe S. Bain is a model in Industrial Organization Economics which offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets. According to the structure–conduct–performance paradigm, the market environment has a direct, short-term impact on the market structure. The market structure then has a direct influence on the firm's economic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17365530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Structure–conduct–performance paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"Structure–conduct–performance paradigm The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933, and developed by Joe S. Bain is a model in Industrial Organization Economics which offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets. According to the structure–conduct–performance paradigm, the market environment has a direct, short-term impact on the market structure. The market structure then has a direct influence on the firm's economic conduct, which in turn affects its market performance. Therein, feedback effects occur such that market performance may impact conduct and structure, or conduct may affect the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17365529\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"Scientist A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term \\\"scientist\\\" came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833. In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an area of science and pursue careers in various sectors of the economy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"359722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"rose from only 385 in 1975 to more than 11000 in 1985. Scientist A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term \\\"scientist\\\" came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833. In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"359742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Paradigm Shift\",\n \"text\": \"The Paradigm Shift The Paradigm Shift is the eleventh studio album by American nu metal band Korn. The album was produced by Don Gilmore and was released in the United States on October 8, 2013. It is the first Korn album to feature original guitarist Brian \\\"Head\\\" Welch since 2003's \\\"Take a Look in the Mirror\\\". Following the year after the release of \\\"The Path of Totality\\\", Korn had begun proposing ideas for their next album. James \\\"Munky\\\" Shaffer stated that the album would contain darker elements similar to \\\"Issues\\\" (1999) mixed with the heaviness of \\\"Untouchables\\\" (2002). On May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17413287\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Amateur Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"The Amateur Scientist The Amateur Scientist was a column in the \\\"Scientific American\\\", and was the definitive \\\"how-to\\\" resource for citizen-scientists for over 72 years (1928–2001), making it the longest running column in \\\"Scientific American\\\"s history. The column was regarded for revealing the brass-tacks secrets of research and showing home-based experimenters how to make original discoveries using only inexpensive materials. Since its début in 1928, \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\" was a primary resource for science fair projects. It also inspired amateur experimenters, launched careers in science, and enjoyed a place of honor in classrooms and school libraries all over the world.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2655617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"the criminal justice system, and the DRM paradigm has been a useful tool for assessing factors that might influence false memory formation. Using the DRM paradigm, scientists have been able to show that, while learning under stress reduces overall recall, it does not influence false recall or recognition. This suggests that victims and witnesses of stressful crimes are no more likely to create false memories of the crime than they are to create false memories of other everyday events. Investigating the controversial issue of recovered memories for childhood sexual abuse, researchers have turned to DRM lists. Researchers have shown that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15901947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Institute for Plasma Research\",\n \"text\": \"with representatives from Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay and Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta; top level State Government officers and some local members. The first Chairman of the Governing Council was Professor Predhiman Krishan Kaw(died June, 18, 2017 of Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar), a world-renowned Plasma Scientist who took keen interest for the all-round development of the Centre. After the expiry of its 3 years' term, the Governing Council of the Centre was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of Physical Research Laboratory as its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7280697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"S. Christopher\",\n \"text\": \"S. Christopher S Christopher is an Indian scientist who currently serves as Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Formerly he was director of the Centre for Airborne Systems. He is also the author of various research publications. Christopher is credited to have directed the manufacturing of India's first indigenous AEW&C system. He received various distinguished awards including the Best Defence Research and Development Organisation - Outstanding Scientist for 2012. He was appointed as Chairman of the DRDO on 29 May 2015 for a two-year term. He further got extension of 1year. Christopher obtained his BE (Hons) in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17110381\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Paradigm Shift\",\n \"text\": \"be Korn's best album ever, but \\\"The Paradigm Shift\\\" is Korn's best album since \\\"Untouchables\\\" and metal fans could do a lot worse than that\\\". This is while Classic Rock Magazine stated \\\"It's Korn's most significant album in a long time\\\" about the album. \\\"The Paradigm Shift\\\" sold 46,000 copies in the United States in its first week of release, and debuted and peaked at No. 8 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" 200, making it Korn's twelfth studio album to peak in the top ten. The album has sold 174,000 copies as of September 2016 in the US. The Paradigm Shift The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17413294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Amateur Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"the column remained available to Scientific American paid subscribers via their website. Carlson, along with co-editor Sheldon Greaves, Ph.D., created \\\"The Amateur Scientist-The Complete Collection\\\", a CD-ROM containing all the articles in a fully text-searchable HTML format. Sometime after 2007 the \\\"Scientific American\\\" removed the subscriber-only requirement for certain years of the magazine, making \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\" column for 1999-2001 available online. The Amateur Scientist The Amateur Scientist was a column in the \\\"Scientific American\\\", and was the definitive \\\"how-to\\\" resource for citizen-scientists for over 72 years (1928–2001), making it the longest running column in \\\"Scientific American\\\"s history. The column\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2655626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man and the Challenge\",\n \"text\": \"Fonda and Allen Case, respectively. In 1967, \\\"The Man and the Challenge\\\" was introduced in West Germany. Series producer Ivan Tors called the show \\\"The first to portray a scientist who does exciting things and is not a stuffed shirt\\\". The Man and the Challenge The Man and the Challenge is a 36-segment half-hour television adventure/science fiction series which ran new episodes on NBC from September 12, 1959, to June 11, 1960. It starred George Nader as Dr. Glenn Barton, a research scientist for the Institute of Human Factors, an agency that conducted experiments designed to measure human endurance for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12777498\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute\",\n \"text\": \"established in 1988 in the Belur Campus of the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bengaluru. The current Scientist-in-Charge of the centre is Dr.Vidyadhar Y Mudkavi The institute offers opportunities of summer projects for B.E. / M.Sc. / M.Tech students twice a year. CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute The CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute (CSIR-4PI) formerly CMMACS is a unit of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The centre is involved in developing modelling approaches for illuminating the structure and evolution of complex systems. In the late 1980s the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research realised the increasing importance of mathematical modelling and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15731266\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Amateur Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"for Radio Shack and an amateur scientist. However, during a conversation between Mims and the publisher, it came up that Mims was an evangelical Christian and creationist who rejected the science of evolution. Not wanting to be perceived as supporting Creationism, \\\"Scientific American\\\" rescinded their offer. Mims charged religious discrimination without success. Ultimately, the magazine published just three of Mims' articles, along with several letters to the editor concerning his firing. Although the incident did not diminish \\\"Scientific American\\\"s commitment to the column, it did make the editors reluctant to offer the column to another amateur scientist. The magazine invited\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2655623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Amateur Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"Although always accessible to an amateur's budget, projects from \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\" were often elegant and sophisticated. Some designs were so innovative that they set new standards in a field. Indeed, professionals continue to borrow from \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\" to find low-cost solutions to real-world research problems. \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\" traces its pedigree to May 1928, when Albert G. Ingalls began the column as \\\"The Back Yard Astronomer.\\\" Ingalls told amateurs how they could get personally involved in astronomy by building professional-quality instruments and carrying out cutting-edge observations. The first sentence in the new column stated: \\\"Here we amateur telescope\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2655618\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Essential factors model\",\n \"text\": \"environment giving the 100% paradigm: 100% / 100% / 100% paradigm – It is the purpose of the Essential Factors model to attempt to use value-neutral language to give maximum “meaning” and minimum “affect”. This will not always be the case but it is suggested that the use of the word “cause” and “human error” by an accident investigator during data collection and interview phases, will have a potentially greater negative response than the use of alternative words. All essential factors differ in controlability. Each essential factor, once identified is able to be reviewed for potential points of control. That\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12443055\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Scientist (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"viewership of more than 2.6 million page views: \\\"The Scientist\\\" has won many awards, including most recently: The Scientist (magazine) The Scientist is a professional magazine intended for life scientists. Coverage includes reviews of widely noticed research papers, informing its audience of current research, updates to technology, updates to career information, profiles of scientists achieving notoriety, as well as other columns and reports of interest to its audience. The editor-in-chief is Mary Beth Aberlin. The magazine has been published monthly since 1986 and is available in print and online. \\\"The Scientist\\\" was published by the Faculty of 1000 until October\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4941890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\",\n \"text\": \"are not ‘the given’ of experience but rather ‘the collected with diffculty.’ They are not what the scientist sees—at least not before his research is well advanced and his attention focused. Rather, they are concrete indices to the content of more elementary perceptions, and as such they are selected for the close scrutiny of normal research only because they promise opportunity for the fruitful elaboration of an accepted paradigm. Far more clearly than the immediate experience from which they in part derive, operations and measurements are paradigm-determined. Science does not deal in all possible laboratory manipulations. Instead, it selects those\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2102431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The First Church of Christ, Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Baker Eddy Library; Reflection Hall (1971); Administration Building (1972); and Colonnade Building (1972). There is also a reflecting pool and fountain. In accordance with the \\\"Manual of The Mother Church\\\", the Mother Church is the only Christian Science church to use the definite article (\\\"the\\\") in its title. Branch churches are named \\\"First Church of Christ, Scientist\\\", \\\"Second Church of Christ, Scientist\\\", and so on, followed by the name of the city, in the order in which they were built in that city (for example, Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist, Chicago). The Original Mother Church, designed by Franklin I.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5238462\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Magister's Pox\",\n \"text\": \"be scientifically modeled with associated benefits of acquired knowledge and applications. Gould includes an analysis of E. O. Wilson's book \\\"Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge\\\" within the larger scope of his recommendations for a confederation of the physical sciences and humanities. He also provides an exegesis of texts participating in the development of the word \\\"consilience\\\" within a larger historical context of the concept's inception by Reverend William Whewell, who also coined the term \\\"scientist\\\", and whom Gould proclaims as \\\"the first modernist with joint command of both history and philosophy in the analysis of science\\\" (Whewell being best known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9012151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Elements of Influence\",\n \"text\": \"of Influence, a classification of the units of influence into an ontology. The Standard Table of Influence consists of 25 irreducibly unique influence stratagems (since revised down to 24, see below), organized by a three-class and eight-subclass superstructure. The table’s concise organization into a stable decision-support system for influence has led some practitioners to refer to it as “the Rosetta Stone of influence.” In addition to the Standard Table of Influence, \\\"The Elements of Influence\\\" details various other supporting tools and resources for the understanding and application of influence, including the Standard Cycle of Influence, Standard Factors of Influence, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16207511\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Independent scientist\",\n \"text\": \"on to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1978. Chemist Luis Leloir funded the research institute he headed, the Institute for Biochemical Research, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1970. There are today several virtual research institutes for independent scientists. Independent scientist An independent scientist (modern gender-neutral term historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body. The expression \\\"gentleman scientist\\\" arose in post-Renaissance Europe, but became less common in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9241650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Scientist (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"The Scientist (magazine) The Scientist is a professional magazine intended for life scientists. Coverage includes reviews of widely noticed research papers, informing its audience of current research, updates to technology, updates to career information, profiles of scientists achieving notoriety, as well as other columns and reports of interest to its audience. The editor-in-chief is Mary Beth Aberlin. The magazine has been published monthly since 1986 and is available in print and online. \\\"The Scientist\\\" was published by the Faculty of 1000 until October 2011. Its closure was announced in October 2011, but then the LabX Media Group announced its intent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4941885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The First Church of Christ, Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"Restoration of the library’s 81,000-square foot portion of the building began in 1998, and the final renovation and additional construction were completed in 2002. The First Church of Christ, Scientist The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book \\\"Science and Health\\\" (1875). The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 14.5-acre Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The center\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5238466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The First Church of Christ, Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"The First Church of Christ, Scientist The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book \\\"Science and Health\\\" (1875). The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 14.5-acre Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The center is owned by the church and contains the Original Mother Church (1894); Mother Church Extension (1906); Christian Science Publishing House (1934), which houses the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5238461\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The First Church of Christ, Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"Welch, was completed in December 1894, eight years after the first Christian Science church, First Church of Christ, Scientist (Oconto, Wisconsin), was built by local women who felt they had been helped by the religion. Although fairly large for the time, the original church, a Romanesque Revival stone structure, is often overlooked because it is dwarfed by the much larger domed Mother Church Extension. Designed to fit on a kite-shaped lot, the former features a 126-foot (38 m) steeple and an octagonal auditorium that seats 900. It is built of granite from New Hampshire, Mary Baker Eddy's home state. Added\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5238463\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mark S. Miller\",\n \"text\": \"Mark S. Miller Mark S. Miller is an American computer scientist. He is known for his work as one of the participants in the 1979 hypertext project known as Project Xanadu; for inventing Miller columns; as the co-creator of the Agoric Paradigm of market-based distributed secure computing; and the open-source coordinator of the E programming language. He also designed the Caja programming language. Miller earned a BS in computer science from Yale in 1980 and published his Johns Hopkins PhD thesis in 2006. Previously Chief Architect with the Virus-Safe Computing Initiative at HP Labs, he is now a research scientist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7600853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David S. Salomon\",\n \"text\": \"of Developmental Biology in the National Institute of Dental Research. By 1999, he was head of the Tumor Growth Factor Section of the Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute. Currently, Scientist Emeritus at the Tumor Growth Factor Section, he has been studying the interaction of growth factors and oncogenes in the etiology of breast and colon cancer. David S. Salomon David S. Salomon, Ph.D. (born 1947) is a cancer research scientist and co-discoverer of the Cripto-1 gene. His areas of research include stem cells, cell signaling, breast cancer, mammary gland development, small molecule inhibitors, and embryonic development.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20048518\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm (experimental)\",\n \"text\": \"a product of artifacts engendered by the use of a particular paradigm.\\\" The three core factors of paradigm design may be considered: \\\"(a) ...the 'nuts and bolts' of the paradigm itself...; (b) ...implementation concerns...; and (c) resources available.\\\" For example, the stop-signal paradigm, \\\"is a popular experimental paradigm to study response inhibition.\\\" The cooperative pulling paradigm is used to study cooperation. The weather prediction test is a paradigm used to study procedural learning. Other examples include Skinner boxes, rat mazes, and trajectory mapping. Paradigm (experimental) In the behavioural sciences (e.g. psychology, biology, neurosciences), an experimental paradigm, is an experimental setup\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3313581\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Paradigm Shift\",\n \"text\": \"by Munky: The standard edition of the album features 11 new tracks, while the deluxe edition contains an additional two tracks and a bonus DVD documenting the return of co-founding guitarist Brian \\\"Head\\\" Welch. A special edition of the album was released on July 22, 2014 as \\\"The Paradigm Shift: World Tour Edition\\\". It contains brand new studio and live recordings. The first new track, \\\"Hater\\\", was released as a single on June 19. \\\"The Paradigm Shift\\\" has received generally positive reviews. Metacritic scores the album with a rating of 65, indicating \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\". Max Barrett of Rock Sound\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17413292\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clinical pharmaceutical scientist\",\n \"text\": \"of preclinical, clinical, outcomes, and translational research, with translation research representing the middle ground between preclinical and clinical research. Subjects of interest to clinical pharmaceutical scientists in their respective field may involve the following: The duties of clinical pharmaceutical scientists can be broadly divided into two categories: scientific and clinical duties: Clinical pharmaceutical scientist A clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical pharmaceutical scientists are a type of clinician scientist, analogous to physician-scientists. The term clinical pharmaceutical scientist is distinct from the term pharmaceutical scientist,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20163903\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Design paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science, which carries at least two main meanings: While the first meaning of \\\"design paradigm\\\" refers to exemplary design solutions that create \\\"design trends\\\", the second meaning refers to what a group of people expects from a type of design solutions. The term \\\"design paradigm\\\" is used within the design professions, including architecture, industrial design and engineering design, to indicate an archetypal solution. Thus a Swiss Army Knife is a design paradigm illustrating the concept of a single object that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4020860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Communibiology\",\n \"text\": \"Communibiology Communibiology is a term referring to a research paradigm that emphasizes the \\\"neurobiological foundations of human communication behavior\\\". Communibiologists take the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate in communication development. The communibiological paradigm was developed by Beatty and McCroskey as an alternative to the nature side supporting social learning paradigm. They believe genetics to be far more important in the development of communication behavior than learning processes and the environment. These researchers do concede, however, that genetic factors are not the sole source of communication behavior. One accepted ratio is 20% influence of cultural, situational, or environmental\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13614634\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Cramps\",\n \"text\": \"Trashmen, The Green Fuz and The Sonics, as well as the post-glam/early punk scene from which they emerged, as well as citing Ricky Nelson as being an influence during numerous interviews. They also were influenced to a degree by the Ramones and Screamin' Jay Hawkins, who were an influence for their style of theatrical horror-blues. In turn, The Cramps have influenced countless subsequent bands in the garage, punk and revival rockabilly styles, and helped create the psychobilly genre. \\\"Psychobilly\\\" was a term coined by The Cramps, although Lux Interior maintained that the term did not describe their own style. Lux\",\n \"psg_id\": \"432300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Church of Christ, Scientist, Brisbane\",\n \"text\": \"and a distinctive example of a Christian Science church. The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Brisbane is an important building in the evolution of architecture in Queensland. Designed by Lucas and Cummings Architects, leaders in all aspects of the architectural profession in Queensland in the first half of the 20th century, it demonstrates the influence of modernist architectural ideas and practices that developed initially in Europe and became the dominant trend in architecture from the mid-twentieth century. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The First Church of Christ Scientist, Brisbane,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20589268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Clinical pharmaceutical scientist\",\n \"text\": \"Clinical pharmaceutical scientist A clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical pharmaceutical scientists are a type of clinician scientist, analogous to physician-scientists. The term clinical pharmaceutical scientist is distinct from the term pharmaceutical scientist, in that a clinical pharmaceutical scientist is a practicing clinical pharmacist involved in science relating to the discovery and/or development of pharmaceuticals, the development of new knowledge improving the use of pharmaceuticals in clinical practice, or any other subfield of pharmaceutical science (e.g. pharmacoeconomics, pharmacokinetics, outcomes research), while a pharmaceutical scientist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20163890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Risk factors for breast cancer\",\n \"text\": \"are effective for most white women. Research is currently ongoing to define the contribution of both biological and cultural factors. Part of the differences in incidence that is attributable to race and economic status may be explained by past use of hormone replacement therapy One research published in 2009 has shown that moderate green tea or black tea consumption (three or more cups per day) can reduce breast cancer risk by 37% in women younger than 50 years old, comparing with women who drank no tea at all. But no association was found for overall women. However that study has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11022729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Region of freshwater influence\",\n \"text\": \"of buoyancy as heat which occurs all over the shelf. Americans usually use the term river plume where Europeans use ROFI. Region of freshwater influence Region of Freshwater Influence (ROFI), a term coined by Prof. John Simpson of the University of Wales, Bangor, and co-authors, in 1993 in Oceanologica Acta for the Rhine river plume. The term refers to regions where rivers debouch into estuaries and coastal shelf seas where the currents patterns are governed by density differences between salt sea water and fresh river water. In other words, a ROFI is the region between the shelf sea regime and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10603189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Scientist (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"to purchase and continue publishing it. The Group officially acquired the magazine at the end of October 2011. \\\"The Scientist\\\" was founded by Eugene Garfield. Its aim is to provide print and online coverage of the latest developments in life sciences research, technology, and business. Subject matter covered by the magazine includes: Starting with the May 2010 issue, additional sections and features were added from the Faculty of 1000. The additional content includes reviews of highly rated research papers and profiles of up-and-coming scientists. Since 2003, \\\"The Scientist\\\" has conducted \\\"best places to work\\\" surveys: one for postdoctoral researchers in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4941886\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Left–right paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"Left–right paradigm The left–right paradigm is a concept from political sciences and anthropology which proposes that societies have a tendency to divide themselves into ideological opposites. Important contributions to the theory of the paradigm were made by British social anthropologist Rodney Needham, who saw it as a basic human classifying device. It shares affinity with the cultural \\\"romantic-classic\\\" paradigm. The term is used to analyze political discourse since the 19th century. It has, however, been suggested that in the 21st century the paradigm will become less useful as a tool of social and political analysis; some of the major current\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13847891\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pulmonary scientist\",\n \"text\": \"study and research even though the increase in respiratory related disease is increasing. In Australia there is no register or licensure for Respiratory Care, there is however the Certified Respiratory Function Scientist (CRFS) credential. Australian respiratory therapy is done by physiotherapists who have further specialized in cardiopulmonary therapeutics and the scope not covered by physiotherapists are managed by specialized respiratory nurses. The term Respiratory Scientist is used to describe the profession which is limited to Pulmonary Function Testing. Though there is no official credentialing required, university degrees are required to practice. The Respiratory Scientist is involved in all aspects of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15893515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Left–right paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"body ruling authority over the masses. The two parties act to create divisiveness and influence the general population while keeping control of the political spectrum. The false left–right paradigm political theory is closely related to theory of Inverted totalitarianism and Managed Democracy. The false left–right paradigm theorizes that opposing political groups use their influence over the establishment media to dramatize party warfare distraction, in grand performances of bureaucratic rivalry meant to propagandize and divide the populace. Psychological deception is coordinated on all levels of politics and fed through controlled media outlets to divert attention away from the ruling class's hidden\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13847895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Scientist (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"has conferred awards for the top innovations in science technology: Nominations are submitted; entries are reviewed by a panel of judges; and the winners are announced annually in the December edition of the magazine. In 2007, \\\"The Scientist\\\" started recognizing those laboratories which were best at using the Internet to further science. Labs using YouTube, Wikipedia, JoVE, and other online tools to best collaborate, communicate, and research were nominated by readers around the world. Every year, the magazine invites scientists to contribute videos and offers awards in various categories. \\\"The Scientist\\\" offers a website that complements the print version by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4941888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oddball paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"used. Oddball paradigm The oddball paradigm is an experimental design used within psychology research. Presentations of sequences of repetitive stimuli are infrequently interrupted by a deviant stimulus. The reaction of the participant to this \\\"oddball\\\" stimulus is recorded. The oddball method was first used in event-related potential (ERP) research by Nancy Squires, Kenneth Squires and Steven Hillyard at the UC San Diego. In ERP research it has been found that an event-related potential across the parieto-central area of the skull that usually occurs around 300 ms after stimuli presentation called P300 is larger after the target stimulus. The P300 wave\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14634812\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oddball paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"Oddball paradigm The oddball paradigm is an experimental design used within psychology research. Presentations of sequences of repetitive stimuli are infrequently interrupted by a deviant stimulus. The reaction of the participant to this \\\"oddball\\\" stimulus is recorded. The oddball method was first used in event-related potential (ERP) research by Nancy Squires, Kenneth Squires and Steven Hillyard at the UC San Diego. In ERP research it has been found that an event-related potential across the parieto-central area of the skull that usually occurs around 300 ms after stimuli presentation called P300 is larger after the target stimulus. The P300 wave only\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14634806\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexander Laszlo (scientist)\",\n \"text\": \"Alexander Laszlo (scientist) Alexander Laszlo (*1964) is a polycultural systems scientist, residing in Argentina. Laszlo was the 57th President of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), known for his work on systems theories and \\\"education ecosystems\\\". He, furthermore, is the President of the Board of Directors of the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (BCSSS), based in Vienna, Austria. He also functions as the Director of Development at the Laszlo Institute of New Paradigm Research (L-INPR), which is based in Lucca, Italy. With his research and work Alexander Laszlo has delivered outstanding contributions in the fields\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15363831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Non-structured programming\",\n \"text\": \"Non-structured programming Non-structured programming is the historically earliest programming paradigm capable of creating Turing-complete algorithms. It is often contrasted with the structured programming paradigm, in particular with the use of unstructured control flow using goto statements or equivalent. The distinction was particularly stressed by the publication of the influential \\\"Go To Statement Considered Harmful\\\" open letter in 1968 by Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra, who coined the term \\\"structured programming\\\". Unstructured programming has been heavily criticized for producing hardly-readable (\\\"spaghetti\\\") code. There are both high- and low-level programming languages that use non-structured programming. Some languages commonly cited as being\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12657544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"that 'scientific group membership is not concerned with desire, emotions, gain, loss and any idealistic notions concerning the nature and destiny of humankind...but simply to do with aptitude, explanation, [and] cold description of the facts of the world and the universe from within a paradigm'. Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. \\\"Paradigm\\\" comes from Greek παράδειγμα (\\\"paradeigma\\\"), \\\"pattern, example, sample\\\" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (\\\"paradeiknumi\\\"), \\\"exhibit, represent, expose\\\" and that from παρά (\\\"para\\\"), \\\"beside,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1493391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Amateur Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"the column in November of that year and immediately returned its focus to cutting-edge science projects that amateurs can do inexpensively at home. Over one million \\\"Scientific American\\\" readers turned to \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\" every month. In 1999, Carlson won a MacArthur Fellowship for science education in part for the innovative projects he developed for \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\". In 2001, \\\"Scientific American\\\" came under new management. As part of a redesign of the magazine, all of the long-running columns were retired, including \\\"The Amateur Scientist\\\". March 2001 was the last time the column ran in \\\"Scientific American\\\". Archived versions of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2655625\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine\",\n \"text\": \"The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine is a book authored by New Historian Ilan Pappé and published in 2006 by One World Oxford. During the 1948 Palestine war, around 720,000 Palestinian Arabs out of the 900,000 who lived in the territories that became Israel fled or were expelled from their homes. The causes of this exodus are controversial and debated by historians. In his own words, Ilan Pappé \\\"want[s] to make the case for the paradigm of ethnic cleansing and use[s] it to replace the paradigm of war as the basis for the scholarly research of,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17155944\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"For the Term of His Natural Life\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"His Convict Bride\\\" or \\\"For the Term of Her Natural Life\\\" (1918) also alluded to Clarke's work. Note that many different editions of this book exist. Dr Lurline Stuart (PhD), Research Associate at the National Centre for Australian Studies at Monash University, has produced an edition that shows a core text and the variations, with detailed commentary, from the other texts that were produced during Clarke's life. See http://hass.unsw.adfa.edu.au/ASEC/HNL_Blurb.html This edition contains various typographical errors throughout the text. For the Term of His Natural Life For the Term of His Natural Life, written by Marcus Clarke, was published in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7776304\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"research refer to it as a general way of viewing communication. The narrative paradigm is generally considered an interpretative theory of communication. It is an especially useful theory for teaching qualitative research methods. Fisher’s theory has been considered for domains ranging from organizational communication to family interaction, to racism, and to advertising. McNamara proposed that the narrative paradigm can be used with military storytelling to enhance the perception of the United States armed services. Stutts and Barker, of Virginia Commonwealth University, proposed that the Narrative Paradigm can be used to evaluate if a company's brand will be well received by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5543530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate\",\n \"text\": \"science research center, CARA has produced many surveys; program reviews; archival, historical, and other research for a wide range of organizations ranging from the U. S. Conference of Catholic Bishops to individual dioceses, parishes, and religious institutes. Since its founding, the Center has produced nearly 2,000 research reports. Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate The Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) is a national, non-profit, applied social science research center, affiliated with Georgetown University, that studies Catholicism and the Catholic Church. The center opened in March 1965 under its first president, Cardinal John Cody, then archbishop of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20556153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"European Association for the Study of the Liver\",\n \"text\": \"Elsevier. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, case reports and letters to the Editor about clinical and basic research in the field of hepatology. EASL offers resources for the following fellowships: Physician Scientist Fellowships, Post-doc Research Fellowship, Entry-level Research Fellowship, Short-term Training Fellowship. European Association for the Study of the Liver The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) is a European professional association for liver disease. EASL was founded by the German physician Gustav-Adolf Martini in April 1966, in Marburg, Germany, to promote research on the liver and its pathology and to improve therapy for liver disorders.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15651974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Scientist (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"all sectors, one for all life scientists working in industry, and one for all life scientists working in academia. These surveys aim to find what aspects of the workplace are most important for job satisfaction and which institutions measure up to those standards. Throughout the year, \\\"The Scientist\\\" publishes overviews of these surveys' results, highlighting the top-ranking institutions. \\\"The Scientist\\\" conducts an annual survey of researchers, educators, and industry executives across various life science disciplines to learn about their income and job satisfaction. This is a highly valued resource amongst science professionals. Results are published annually. Since 2008, \\\"The Scientist\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4941887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Georgian verb paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"Georgian verb paradigm For non-native speakers, Georgian verb conjugation remains a difficult subject even for those who have been studying the language for a while. This is because verbs in Georgian do not tend to conform to a \\\"universal\\\" conjugation system like in most European languages. In verb conjugation, there are some important factors to keep track of: Here is a full conjugation of a verb with all persons in all screeves: Verb root შენ, \\\"shen\\\"; infinite form აშენება, \\\"asheneba\\\" (to build) Present subseries The thematic suffix -ებ, \\\"-eb\\\" is present, but without the preverb: Future subseries The preverb \\\"a-\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5213235\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scientist–practitioner model\",\n \"text\": \"at all of the conferences. At the Boulder Conference of 1949, this model of training for clinical graduate programs was purposed. Here, it received accreditation by the psychological community and the American Psychological Association. The goal of the scientist-practitioner model is to increase scientific growth within clinical psychology in the United States. It calls for graduate programs to engage and develop psychologists' background in psychological theory, field work, and research methodology. The scientist-practitioner model urges clinicians to allow empirical research to influence their applied practice; while simultaneously, allowing their experiences during applied practice to shape their future research questions. Therefore,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7785941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"the context of the historical moment. Hutchin outlines some conditions that facilitate a system of thought to become an accepted dominant paradigm: The word \\\"paradigm\\\" is also still used to indicate a pattern or model or an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype. The term is frequently used in this sense in the design professions. Design Paradigms or archetypes comprise functional precedents for design solutions. The best known references on design paradigms are \\\"Design Paradigms: A Sourcebook for Creative Visualization\\\", by Wake, and \\\"Design Paradigms\\\" by Petroski. This term is also used in cybernetics. Here it means (in a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1493387\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"violent and most corrupt\\\" in Philippine modern history, with the term \\\"Three Gs\\\", meaning \\\"guns, goons, and gold\\\" coined to describe administration's election tactics of vote-buying, terrorism and ballot snatching. Marcos used the military and the government bureaucracy for his campaign, and also went on a campaign spending spree, initiating USD50 million worth in infrastructure projects meant to impress the electorate. The most infamous incidents of violence took place in Batanes, where Philippine Constabulary officers, paramilitary groups and hired guns essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"making cohesive arguments. Fisher conceptualized the paradigm as a way to combat issues in the public sphere. The issue was that human beings were unable to make cohesive traditional arguments. At the time, rational world paradigm was the theory used to satisfy public controversies. He believed that stories have the power to include beginning, middle, and end of an argument and that the rational world paradigm fails to be effective in sensemaking. Fisher uses the term paradigm rather than theory, meaning a paradigm is broader than a theory. Fisher stated, \\\"There is no genre, including technical communication, that is not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5543523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Who\",\n \"text\": \"hits as the Detours, and R&B in 1963. The group move to a mod sound the following year, particularly after hearing the Small Faces fuse Motown with a harsher R&B sound. The group's early work was geared towards singles, though it was not straightforward pop. In 1967, Townshend coined the term \\\"power pop\\\" to describe the Who's style. Like their contemporaries, the group were influenced by the arrival of Hendrix, particularly after the Who and the Experience met at Monterey. This and lengthy touring strengthened the band's sound. In the studio, they began to develop softer pieces, particularly from \\\"Tommy\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"470500\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm\",\n \"text\": \"The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm is one of the major works of Estonian architect Valve Pormeister. Located in Kurtna, Harju County, Estonia and built in 1966, it is the first example of modern architecture in a rural setting and marks the emergence of a new type of modern scientific institution building. It became a model building that was set up as an example for others. Kurtna center started the period of \\\"cornice architecture\\\" with Finnish influence together with another Valve Pormeisters work Café\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20713221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scientist\",\n \"text\": \"19th or early 20th century, scientists were still referred to as \\\"natural philosophers\\\" or \\\"men of science\\\". English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell coined the term \\\"scientist\\\" in 1833, and it first appeared in print in Whewell's anonymous 1834 review of Mary Somerville's \\\"On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences\\\" published in the \\\"Quarterly Review\\\". Whewell's suggestion of the term was partly satirical, a response to changing conceptions of science itself in which natural knowledge was increasingly seen as distinct from other forms of knowledge. Whewell wrote of \\\"an increasing proclivity of separation and dismemberment\\\" in the sciences;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"359731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm case argument\",\n \"text\": \"Paradigm case argument In analytic philosophy, the paradigm case argument is an argument which is applied as a rebuttal to the claim that certain concepts, such as free will or knowledge, are meaningless. The paradigm case argument is that if a term, such as \\\"knowledge\\\", is regularly applied to some cases and not to others, then that term (and the concept it refers to) cannot truly be undefined, as it clearly has some kind of definition in practice. The argument is so named because it often takes the form of pointing out a \\\"paradigm case\\\"—a case which unambiguously falls under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18404047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Oddball paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"is modulated by both stimulus significance and novelty. The classic auditory oddball paradigm can be modified to produce different neural responses and can therefore be used to investigate dysfunctions in sensory and cognitive processing in clinical samples. A unique application of the oddball paradigm is being used heavily in Schizophrenia research to study the effects in neuronal generator patterns in continuous recognition memory, and the endophenotypes, which provide model on genetic relation of psychiatric diseases that represents phenotypes between manifest clinical syndrome and genetic underpinnings. The oddball paradigm has been extended to use outside of ERP research. The oddball paradigm\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14634810\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Global Forum for Health Research\",\n \"text\": \"Global Forum for Health Research The Global Forum for Health Research is an international foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland established in 1997 to increase the amount of research into global health issues. It coined the phrase 10/90 gap to identify the observation that only 10% of the world's health research spending is targeted at 90% of present health problems. The Global Forum is a partner to the World Health Organization. In her keynote address to the Forum in 1999 Gro Harlem Brundtland, then Director–General of WHO, declared that the Global Forum was key in the involvement of all the various\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13440501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"referred to these as research traditions. Laudan noted that some anomalies become \\\"dormant\\\", if they survive a long period during which no competing alternative has shown itself capable of resolving the anomaly. He also presented cases in which a dominant paradigm had withered away because its lost credibility when viewed against changes in the wider intellectual milieu. Kuhn himself did not consider the concept of paradigm as appropriate for the social sciences. He explains in his preface to \\\"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\\\" that he developed the concept of paradigm precisely to distinguish the social from the natural sciences. While\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1493381\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm case argument\",\n \"text\": \"the common definition of the term, and so can be taken as a definite instance of the supposedly non-existent concept. This argument was commonly applied during the flourishing of linguistic philosophy. Paradigm case argument In analytic philosophy, the paradigm case argument is an argument which is applied as a rebuttal to the claim that certain concepts, such as free will or knowledge, are meaningless. The paradigm case argument is that if a term, such as \\\"knowledge\\\", is regularly applied to some cases and not to others, then that term (and the concept it refers to) cannot truly be undefined, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18404048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research\",\n \"text\": \"1983 as the Krim-founded AIDS Medical Foundation (AMF), which sought to lessen the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS diagnoses, as well as to increase funding to the cause. The name change came as a result of the AMF's merge with the California-based National AIDS Research Foundation, which sought to actively engage in HIV-related drug development. What resulted was a foundation that prioritized both research and development as well as policy influence. This foundation was one of the first of its kind to embody both aspects of healthcare. AmfAR currently has three headquarters, located in New York City; Washington D.C.; and Bangkok, Thailand.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7143417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Rabbits Who Caused All the Trouble\",\n \"text\": \"The Rabbits Who Caused All the Trouble \\\"The Rabbits who caused all the Trouble\\\" is a short modern fable written by James Thurber. It first appeared in \\\"The New Yorker\\\" on August 26, 1939; and was first collected in his book \\\"Fables for Our Time and Famous Poems Illustrated\\\" (Harper and Brothers, 1940). The fable has since been reprinted in \\\"The Thurber Carnival\\\" (Harper and Brothers, 1945), \\\"James Thurber: Writings and Drawings\\\" (The Library of America, 1996, ), \\\"The Oxford Book of Modern Fairy Tales\\\", and other publications. The story is often used in classes that teach English as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13766086\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cooperative pulling paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"themselves via an apparatus they can not successfully operate alone. The cooperative pulling paradigm is the most popular paradigm for testing cooperation in animals. The type of apparatus used in cooperative pulling experiments can vary. Researcher Meredith Crawford, who invented the experimental paradigm in 1937 while at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, used an apparatus consisting of two ropes attached to a box that was too heavy to be pulled by a single chimpanzee. The standard apparatus is used in the loose-string task, designed by Hirata in 2003, in which a single string or rope is threaded through loops\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20528989\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Church of Christ, Scientist (Forest Grove, Oregon)\",\n \"text\": \"First Church of Christ, Scientist (Forest Grove, Oregon) The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, located at 1904 Pacific Avenue in Forest Grove, Oregon, in the United States is a historic Christian Science church built in 1916. It was designed by Spencer S. Beman, son of the noted designer of Christian Science churches, Solon Spencer Beman who had died in 1914. On January 21, 1994, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. First Church of Christ Scientist, Forest Grove was designed by Chicago architect Spencer S. Beman, son and partner of architect, Solon Spencer Beman. First Church\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11660357\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia)\",\n \"text\": \"Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia) The Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) is part of the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. Its primary responsibilities are to enable growth and productivity for globally competitive industries. To help realise this vision, the Department has four key objectives: supporting science and commercialisation, growing business investment and improving business capability, streamlining regulation and building a high performance organisation. The Chief Scientist is responsible for advising the Government of Australia on scientific and technological issues. The Chief Scientist chairs the Research Quality Framework \\\"Development Advisory Group\\\", the \\\"National Research Priorities Standing Committee\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9610752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Institute for Research on Learning\",\n \"text\": \"Institute for Research on Learning The Institute for Research on Learning (IRL) in Palo Alto, California was co-founded by John Seely Brown, then chief research scientist at the Palo Alto Research Center, and James Greeno, Professor of Education at Stanford University, with the support of David Kearns, CEO of Xerox Corporation in 1986 through a grant from the Xerox Foundation. It operated from 1986 to 2000 as an independent cross-disciplinary think tank with a mission to study learning in all its forms and sites. George Pake, who founded Xerox Palo Alto Research Corporation in 1970 became IRL's first director and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14112629\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"would initiate development projects at the barrio level without going through the Barrio and Municipal governments. Marcos also took credit for the dramatic increase in rice production caused by the 1968 introduction of a new \\\"miracle rice\\\" variety, IR8, by the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Laguna - although the IRRI program that developed the variety had started as early as 1962, during the Macapagal administration, and was the product of an International consortium, not the Philippine government. During this first term, Marcos also began systematically cultivating a group entrepreneurs and industrialists loyal to him, rather than the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Institute for Research on Learning\",\n \"text\": \"the client experience for Discovery using Big Data. In Ahram, T., Karwowski, W., and T. Marek (eds.), \\\"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics AHFE 2014\\\", Kraków, Poland July 19–23. Institute for Research on Learning The Institute for Research on Learning (IRL) in Palo Alto, California was co-founded by John Seely Brown, then chief research scientist at the Palo Alto Research Center, and James Greeno, Professor of Education at Stanford University, with the support of David Kearns, CEO of Xerox Corporation in 1986 through a grant from the Xerox Foundation. It operated from 1986 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14112644\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tom Connors (research scientist)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Connors (research scientist) Professor Thomas Anthony Connors (18 December 1934 – 4 February 2002) was a British cancer research scientist. Connors was for 40 years involved in the development of anti-cancer drugs including cis-platinum and its derivative, carbo-platin, two effective anti-cancer agents. Connors' initial research was under the auspices of mentor and friend Professor Walter Ross at the Chester Beatty Institute where he gained his Doctorate in 1960. In 1976 Connors' career expanded into the field of toxicology and he was appointed Director of the Medical Research Council's toxicology unit. Connors also sat on committees including the Cancer Research\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18916437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. \\\"Paradigm\\\" comes from Greek παράδειγμα (\\\"paradeigma\\\"), \\\"pattern, example, sample\\\" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (\\\"paradeiknumi\\\"), \\\"exhibit, represent, expose\\\" and that from παρά (\\\"para\\\"), \\\"beside, beyond\\\" and δείκνυμι (\\\"deiknumi\\\"), \\\"to show, to point out\\\". In rhetoric, \\\"paradeigma\\\" is known as a type of proof. The purpose of \\\"paradeigma\\\" is to provide an audience with an illustration of similar occurrences. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1493361\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Margaret Hamilton (scientist)\",\n \"text\": \"Margaret Hamilton (scientist) Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. She is credited with coining the term \\\"software engineering\\\". Hamilton was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. In 1986, she became the founder and CEO of Hamilton Technologies, Inc., in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The company was developed around the Universal Systems Language based on her paradigm of Development Before the Fact (DBTF) for systems and software design. Hamilton has published over 130 papers, proceedings, and reports\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14778998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Design paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"from computer hardware to musical composition. The design paradigms concept has proven so powerful in traditional fields of design, that it has inspired a branch of computer science, where computational analogies to design paradigms are commonly called software design patterns. Importantly however, in design professions the term \\\"design pattern\\\" usually describes a 2-dimensional structure, whereas the term \\\"design paradigm\\\" (or model) usually implies a higher order, having 3 or more dimensions. Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science, which carries at least two main meanings: While\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4020863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Society for Basic Urologic Research\",\n \"text\": \"For more information: http://www.sbur.org/ The Society for Basic Urologic Research The Society for Basic Urologic Research (SBUR) is a US-based basic urological researcher's society with ~600 active members in the US, Europe and Asia, including laboratory and physician scientists (Ph.D.'s, M.D.'s, M.D.-Ph.D.'s, and trainees) in academia, industry and the government. The major research interest areas are normal physiology and pathophysiology of the organs in the genitourinary system including the kidney, the bladder, the prostate, the testis and the penis. The SBUR holds two annual meetings each year. The SBUR Spring meeting in May of each year is part of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12045651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm Entertainment\",\n \"text\": \"Paradigm Entertainment Paradigm Entertainment (previously part of Paradigm Simulation) was an American video game development company. Paradigm is perhaps best known for its vehicle simulation games. Founded as a 3D computer graphics company in 1990, Paradigm primarily worked on realistic flight simulation technology for major space and aviation clients. The company got its start in game development when it was contacted by Nintendo in 1994 to aid in the creation of one of the Nintendo 64's launch titles, \\\"Pilotwings 64\\\". The game was a critical and commercial success for the developer, causing the simulation and entertainment divisions of Paradigm to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7623609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of science in the Renaissance\",\n \"text\": \"over study of natural philosophy or applied mathematics. Others have focused on the positive influence of the Renaissance, pointing to factors like the rediscovery of lost or obscure texts and the increased emphasis on the study of language and the correct reading of texts. Marie Boas Hall coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution, 1450–1630. More recently, Peter Dear has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science: a \\\"Scientific Renaissance\\\" of the 15th and 16th centuries, focused on the restoration of the natural knowledge of the ancients; and a \\\"Scientific Revolution\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7217464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Knitting Under the Influence\",\n \"text\": \"decade ago? Caught between life, love, and pursuit of the perfect cast-on, these three friends learn that there are never any easy answers, except maybe one-that when the going gets tough, the tough gets knitting. \\\"Jane Austen invented 'chick lit' (if that term means witty novels that closely observe the details that matter to women), and this intelligent, hilarious book is peopled with wise yet flawed women who, like the best of Austen's heroines, always choose love over 'marrying well.'\\\" -Cathryn Michon, author of \\\"The Grrl Genius Guide to Life\\\" \\\"Filled with lovable characters, KNITTING UNDER THE INFLUENCE is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10050245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Center for Strategic Studies under the President of Azerbaijan\",\n \"text\": \"foreign policy, examine geopolitical events and international problems, make forecasts on future developments and research the factors which could influence relevant processes. Through publications, brainstorming meetings, conferences and policy recommendations, SAM conducts rigorous research with a forward-looking policy orientation, thus bringing new perspectives to strategic discussions and contributing to the informed decision making mechanisms in Azerbaijan. Taking account of all these duties, SAM prepares various programs, theories and doctrines corresponding to Azerbaijan's state interests and national security. The Center for Strategic Studies is divided into main departments that help to carry out its objectives. This department conducts scientific and conceptual\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13604099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Society for Basic Urologic Research\",\n \"text\": \"The Society for Basic Urologic Research The Society for Basic Urologic Research (SBUR) is a US-based basic urological researcher's society with ~600 active members in the US, Europe and Asia, including laboratory and physician scientists (Ph.D.'s, M.D.'s, M.D.-Ph.D.'s, and trainees) in academia, industry and the government. The major research interest areas are normal physiology and pathophysiology of the organs in the genitourinary system including the kidney, the bladder, the prostate, the testis and the penis. The SBUR holds two annual meetings each year. The SBUR Spring meeting in May of each year is part of the American Urological Association's (AUA)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12045643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vitiating factors in the law of contract\",\n \"text\": \"Vitiating factors in the law of contract In English law, a vitiating factor in the common law of contract is a factor that can affect the validity of a contract. The concept has been adopted in other common law jurisdictions, including the USA. A vitiating factor is one which spoils the contract, rendering it imperfect. The standard remedy is rescission, but damages may also be available. (By contrast, the standard remedy for breach of contract is damages, with repudiation available for serious breach only). The main vitiating factors in the law of contract are: misrepresentation, mistake, undue influence, duress, incapacity,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13253965\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research\",\n \"text\": \"Beatson in 1976 to its present location on the Garscube Estate, where it has since interacted closely with researchers at the University of Glasgow. Professor John Wyke became Director in 1987 and Professor Karen Vousden was appointed as Director in 2002. In 2016, Karen went on to become CRUK’s chief scientist and Prof Owen Sansom took over as Director, having served as Deputy Director since 2011. The Institute moved in 2008 to a new research building built by Reiach and Hall Architects with modern laboratory space, dedicated areas for equipment, several meeting rooms and a lecture theatre. Research groups at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19600987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Independent scientist\",\n \"text\": \"Independent scientist An independent scientist (modern gender-neutral term historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body. The expression \\\"gentleman scientist\\\" arose in post-Renaissance Europe, but became less common in the 20th century as government and private funding increased. Most independent scientists have at some point in their career been affiliated with some academic institution, such as Charles Darwin, who was affiliated with the Geological Society of London. Self-funded scientists practiced more commonly from the Renaissance until\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9241646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm\",\n \"text\": \"of science. Perhaps the greatest barrier to a paradigm shift, in some cases, is the reality of paradigm paralysis: the inability or refusal to see beyond the current models of thinking. This is similar to what psychologists term confirmation bias. Examples include rejection of Aristarchus of Samos', Copernicus', and Galileo's theory of a heliocentric solar system, the discovery of electrostatic photography, xerography and the quartz clock. Kuhn pointed out that it could be difficult to assess whether a particular paradigm shift had actually led to progress, in the sense of explaining more facts, explaining more important facts, or providing better\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1493374\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"We're All Together Again for the First Time\",\n \"text\": \"We're All Together Again for the First Time We're All Together Again for the First Time is a 1973 live album by Dave Brubeck and his quintet recorded at various locations in Europe. The album peaked at 20 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Top Jazz Charts. \\\"Truth\\\", \\\"Unfinished Woman\\\" and \\\"Take Five\\\" were recorded at the Berliner Philharmonie, \\\"Koto Song\\\" was recorded at the Paris Olympia and \\\"Rotterdam Blues\\\" and \\\"Sweet Georgia Brown\\\" at the De Doelen concert hall in Rotterdam. The album was reviewed by Scott Yanow at Allmusic who wrote that \\\"For this very logical record, altoist Paul Desmond...makes the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19152008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Scientist (magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"offering life science news and interactive multimedia features. The current month's magazine content, news blogs, and podcasts are freely available with registration, while premium subscribers are also given access to the magazine's archives of articles, news, and editorials. In 2011, \\\"The Scientist\\\" launched a Facebook page to deliver its content in the social media realm. The page now has more than 1.5 million page likes and fosters a highly engaged community of readers. The following year, \\\"The Scientist\\\" launched special interest Facebook pages to share the latest research developments in six different life science topics. These pages boast a combined\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4941889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Scientist (Arrow)\",\n \"text\": \"Amell stars as Oliver, alongside Katie Cassidy, David Ramsey, Willa Holland, Emily Bett Rickards, Colton Haynes, Manu Bennett, Susanna Thompson, and Paul Blackthorne. The episode introduces guest star Grant Gustin as Barry Allen, who arrives in Starling City to personally investigate a superhuman-related crime. \\\"The Scientist\\\" originally aired on The CW on December 4, 2013, and was watched by 3.24 million viewers according to Nielsen Media Research. It had a season high viewership and a series high 18–34 rating. The episode received a positive critical response. When a masked thief with superhuman strength steals a centrifuge from Queen Consolidated, Central\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20837646\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Knitting Under the Influence\",\n \"text\": \"warm, witty, and absolutely intoxicating read.\\\" -Sarah Mlynowski, author of \\\"Milkrun\\\" and \\\"Me vs. Me\\\" Romantic Books panned \\\"Knitting Under the Influence\\\" by saying the book was slow and \\\"turned into a burdensome cliche\\\". Knitting Under the Influence Knitting Under the Influence is a 2006 novel written by author Claire Scovell LaZebnik about three girls in their late twenties who have a weekly knitting circle, yet, they all have busy individual lives. The knitting circle is the only way these girls can stay connected with each other. Sometimes it feels like their weekly knitting circle is the only thing that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10050246\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Institute for the Future\",\n \"text\": \"the Middletown office until his departure in 1973. Amara held this position until 1990. During Amara's presidency, the Institute conducted some of the earliest studies of the impact of the ARPANET on collaborative work and scientific research, and was notable for its research on computer mediated communications, also known as groupware. Starting from the early seventies astrophysicist and computer scientist Jacques Vallee, sociologist Bob Johansen, and technology forecaster Paul Saffo worked for IFTF. In 1975 the Corporate Associates Program was started to assist private organisations interpret emerging trends and the long-term consequences. Although this program operated until 2001, its role\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19037580\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"All the Fat Children\",\n \"text\": \"All the Fat Children All The Fat Children (ATFC) is a Bengaluru-based rock band that was formed in June 2008. ATFC is composed of Eben Johnson on guitar and vocals, Vickram \\\"Vicky\\\" Kiran on bass and vocals, Sachin Savio Dane on drums. Naveen Thomas Joseph and Bryden Stephen Lewis play guitars on occasion. ATFC plays Fat Rock, a genre they coined to term their \\\"fat\\\" sound. ATFC has its roots as a college band from Christ University. The three members met up at university while studying and decided to form the band. The band had performed in Bangalore with Motherjane\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17349583\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Paradigm Entertainment\",\n \"text\": \"same position at THQ's studio in Montreal. The remaining staff relocated to other companies, such as Gearbox Software. Paradigm Entertainment Paradigm Entertainment (previously part of Paradigm Simulation) was an American video game development company. Paradigm is perhaps best known for its vehicle simulation games. Founded as a 3D computer graphics company in 1990, Paradigm primarily worked on realistic flight simulation technology for major space and aviation clients. The company got its start in game development when it was contacted by Nintendo in 1994 to aid in the creation of one of the Nintendo 64's launch titles, \\\"Pilotwings 64\\\". The game\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7623617\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["thomas kuhn","kuhn, thomas","thomas samuel kuhn","samuel kuhn","thomas khun","thomas s. kuhn","t. kuhn","t.s. kuhn","ts kuhn","kuhn, thomas s.","t. s. kuhn","kuhnian"],"string":"[\n \"thomas kuhn\",\n \"kuhn, thomas\",\n \"thomas samuel kuhn\",\n \"samuel kuhn\",\n \"thomas khun\",\n \"thomas s. kuhn\",\n \"t. kuhn\",\n \"t.s. kuhn\",\n \"ts kuhn\",\n \"kuhn, thomas s.\",\n \"t. s. kuhn\",\n \"kuhnian\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":584,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in which country was sam neill born?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"Sam Neill Nigel John Dermot Neill (born 14 September 1947), known professionally as Sam Neill, is a New Zealand actor, writer, producer, director, and vineyard owner. Born in Omagh, Northern Ireland, he moved to Christchurch with his family in 1954. Neill first achieved recognition with his appearance in the 1977 film \"Sleeping Dogs\", which he followed with leading roles in \"My Brilliant Career\" (1979), \"\", \"Possession\" (both 1981), \"A Cry in the Dark\" (1988), \"Dead Calm\" (1989), and \"The Piano\" (1993). He came to international prominence with his portrayal of Dr. Alan Grant in \"Jurassic Park\" (1993), reprising the role","psg_id":"12936936"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Sam Neill Nigel John Dermot Neill (born 14 September 1947), known professionally as Sam Neill, is a New Zealand actor, writer, producer, director, and vineyard owner. Born in Omagh, Northern Ireland, he moved to Christchurch with his family in 1954. Neill first achieved recognition with his appearance in the 1977 film \\\"Sleeping Dogs\\\", which he followed with leading roles in \\\"My Brilliant Career\\\" (1979), \\\"\\\", \\\"Possession\\\" (both 1981), \\\"A Cry in the Dark\\\" (1988), \\\"Dead Calm\\\" (1989), and \\\"The Piano\\\" (1993). He came to international prominence with his portrayal of Dr. Alan Grant in \\\"Jurassic Park\\\" (1993), reprising the role\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936936\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill","text":"Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill is a documentary about the history of New Zealand cinema written by Sam Neill and co-directed by Neill and Judy Rymer. The film was released in 1995, and was New Zealand's contribution to the British Film Institute's \"Century of Cinema\" series. The title refers to the dark and brooding nature of many of New Zealand's most notable films, which Neill considers a reflection of the nation's struggle to find, or form, its own identity. The film screened in the 1995 Cannes Film","psg_id":"8554888"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"with actress Lisa Harrow. They have a son, Tim, born in 1983. Neill subsequently married make-up artist Noriko Watanabe in 1989 and they have one daughter, Elena (born in 1991). Neill separated from Watanabe in 2017, and as of early 2018 is dating Australian political journalist Laura Tingle. He is also stepfather to Maiko Spencer, a daughter from Watanabe's first marriage. In his early 20s he fathered a son, Andrew, who was adopted by someone else. In 2014, Neill said the two \"went looking for [one another]\" and that their reunion was \"much more grown-up\" than expected. Neill lives in","psg_id":"12936948"},{"title":"Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill","text":"Festival, and won Best Documentary in the 1996 \"TV Guide\" Film and Television Awards of New Zealand. The following films are featured and discussed in the documentary: Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill is a documentary about the history of New Zealand cinema written by Sam Neill and co-directed by Neill and Judy Rymer. The film was released in 1995, and was New Zealand's contribution to the British Film Institute's \"Century of Cinema\" series. The title refers to the dark and brooding nature of many of New Zealand's","psg_id":"8554889"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"the Mouth of Madness\" (1995), \"Event Horizon\" (1997), \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999), and the comedy \"The Dish\" (2000). Neill has occasionally acted in New Zealand films, notably \"The Piano\" (1993), \"Perfect Strangers\" (2003), \"Under the Mountain\" (2009), and \"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\" (2016). He returned to directing in 1995 with the documentary \"\" (1995) which he wrote and directed with Judy Rymer. In 1993, he co-starred with Anne Archer in \"Question of Faith\", an independent drama based on a true story about one woman's fight to beat cancer and have a baby. In 2000, he provided the voice of Sam Sawnoff","psg_id":"12936944"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"still ... you can still detect me as a stammerer.\" He first took to calling himself \"Sam\" at school because there were several other students named Nigel, and because he felt the name Nigel was \"a little effete for ... a New Zealand playground\". After working at the New Zealand National Film Unit as a director, Neill was cast for the lead role in the 1977 New Zealand film \"Sleeping Dogs\". Following this, he appeared in Australian romance \"My Brilliant Career\" (1979), opposite Judy Davis. In the late 1970s, his mentor was James Mason. In 1981 he won his first","psg_id":"12936941"},{"title":"David Neill","text":"David Neill David Neill (born July 17, 1980) was an American college football quarterback for the University of Nevada from 1998 to 2001. In 1998, he set an NCAA record for most touchdown passes in a season by a freshman with 29 thrown. This record was tied in 2006 by Colt McCoy of the Texas Longhorns, and broken the following season by Sam Bradford of Oklahoma. Neill also previously held the school record for most completed passes with 763. This has since been broken by Cody Fajardo (878). He received attention from the Jacksonville Jaguars and New York Jets of","psg_id":"9634994"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"None\", based on Agatha Christie's thriller, he played the role of General MacArthur. In 2016, he starred in the New Zealand-made film, \"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\", directed by Taika Waititi, as well as the ITV miniseries \"Tutankhamun\". In 2017 Neill appeared in a comedic scene in the fantasy sequel \"\", in which he portrays an actor playing Odin (as depicted by Anthony Hopkins) alongside Luke Hemsworth and Matt Damon playing Thor and Loki respectively. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor and also the voice of Tommy Brock in \"Peter Rabbit\". From about 1980 to 1989, Neill was in a relationship","psg_id":"12936947"},{"title":"Bob Neill","text":"June 2010 Neill answering questions in the House of Commons as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government said, \"Those in greatest need ultimately bear the burden of paying off the debt which this country has been left\". The Opposition claimed that the north is taking far bigger cuts than the south and this was not challenged by Neill. Neill was re-elected for a third term in May 2015, shortly after which he was elected as Chairman of Parliament's Justice Select Committee. Following the General Election on 8 June 2017, he was returned to this role. Neill was","psg_id":"2651012"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"media. He names his farm animals after film-industry colleagues. His farming exploits can be seen on his Twitter account @TwoPaddocks. Neill also has homes in Wellington, New Zealand, and Sydney, Australia. He is a supporter of the Australian Speak Easy Association and the British Stammering Association (BSA). He supports the New Zealand Labour Party and the Australian Labor Party. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1991 for his work as an actor. Neill has been appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (DCNZM). When knighthoods were returned to the","psg_id":"12936950"},{"title":"Grace Neill","text":"Grace Neill Elizabeth Grace Neill (née Campbell, 26 May 1846 – 18 August 1926) was a nurse from New Zealand who lobbied for passage of laws requiring training and national registration of nurses and midwives; in 1901, New Zealand was the first country in the world to introduce such laws. The nursing experience she received during her early life inspired her to reform many aspects of the nursing practice, and her experience as a factory inspector led her to instigate other social reforms. Elizabeth Grace Neill was born 26 May 1846 in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was the oldest daughter of","psg_id":"12723843"},{"title":"Frederick Neill","text":"Frederick Neill Colonel Sir Frederick Austin Neill, CBE, DSO, TD, JP, DL (11 November 1891 – 11 August 1967) was an English businessman, public administrator, local politician and soldier. Frederick Austin Neill was born in Sheffield on 11 November 1891, the eldest surviving son of James Neill, JP, who was the founder of a number of steel tool manufacturing firms, including James Neill & Co. Ltd. and Hallamshire Steel Co. Ltd, which were held under the parent company James Neill Holdings Ltd. Neill attended Wrekin College and then spent two years in Germany to gain business experience; in 1910 he","psg_id":"20624036"},{"title":"Noel Neill","text":"damsels in distress in Monogram Westerns and Republic Pictures serials. Neill sang with Bob Crosby and his orchestra. She also sang at the Del Mar Turf Club, which was owned by Bing Crosby. In 1945, producer Sam Katzman gave Neill the recurring role of Betty Rogers, an aggressive reporter for a high-school newspaper, in his series of \"Teen Agers\" musical comedies, beginning with \"Junior Prom\" in 1946. When Katzman was casting his \"Superman\" serial for Columbia Pictures, he remembered Noel Neill's news-hawk portrayals and signed her to play Lois Lane. She played the role in the film serials \"Superman\" (1948)","psg_id":"5336848"},{"title":"James C. Neill","text":"Alamo. On March 7, Neill with Burleson gathered 50 men and headed for the Alamo. They came close to the Alamo but were repulsed by Mexican cavalry. Neill returned to Gonzales on March 10 after leaving a small party of scouts to observe, who also returned to Gonzales the next day. From late February until Houston's arrivial on March 11, Neill had been in command of the relief troops gathering at Gonzales. Two days later, on March 13, word was received that the Alamo had fallen. Thus, Neill once again relinquished his command and joined the withdrawal of Sam Houston's","psg_id":"5478527"},{"title":"Catherine Neill","text":"Catherine Neill Catherine Annie Neill (3 September 1921 – 23 February 2006) was a British paediatric cardiologist who spent the majority of her career at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where she worked alongside Helen B. Taussig. Her primary interest was congenital heart defects; she discovered one type of defect, scimitar syndrome, in 1960. Catherine Neill was born in 1921 in London. She was the eldest of four children born to Sir Thomas Neill, a health insurance executive, and his wife Lady Annie Strachan Neill (née Bishop). One of her three younger brothers was Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of","psg_id":"20441723"},{"title":"Michael Neill","text":"on New Year's Eve in 2015. Neill left Central Coast Mariners in June 2017, joining National Premier Leagues NSW side Sydney United. Michael Neill Michael Neill (born 4 July 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Sydney United in the National Premier Leagues NSW. Neill was born in Sydney and played youth football with Sutherland Sharks and Central Coast Mariners before making his professional debut with the Mariners. Neill was born in Sydney. Neill played in the youth systems of English club Portsmouth and Sutherland Sharks before joining the Central Coast Mariners team in","psg_id":"18389983"},{"title":"Terry Neill","text":"and he missed the 1969 Football League Cup Final, which Arsenal lost to Swindon Town. Unable to regain his first-team place, Neill only made 25 appearances in 1969–70 and it became clear that he was surplus to requirements at Arsenal. In total he played 275 times for Arsenal, scoring ten goals. Although still only 28, Neill was signed by Hull City in July 1970 as player-manager, one of the youngest ever managers in the history of the game; he later became player-manager of his country as well. Neill retired from playing in 1973, by which time he had won 59","psg_id":"4994203"},{"title":"Michael Neill","text":"Michael Neill Michael Neill (born 4 July 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Sydney United in the National Premier Leagues NSW. Neill was born in Sydney and played youth football with Sutherland Sharks and Central Coast Mariners before making his professional debut with the Mariners. Neill was born in Sydney. Neill played in the youth systems of English club Portsmouth and Sutherland Sharks before joining the Central Coast Mariners team in the National Youth League. After joining the Mariners youth team for the 2012–13 National Youth League, Neill's performances earned him a two-year","psg_id":"18389981"},{"title":"Bob Neill","text":"Bob Neill Robert James MacGillivray Neill (born 24 June 1952) is a British barrister and Conservative Party politician. He has served as the member of parliament (MP) for Bromley and Chislehurst since a by-election on 29 June 2006, following the death of the previous incumbent Eric Forth. He served as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Communities and Local Government from 14 May 2010 to 4 September 2012. He is the current Chair of Parliament's Justice Select Committee. Neill was born in Ilford to John Macgillivray Neill and Elsie May Neill (). Neill attended Abbs Cross","psg_id":"2651004"},{"title":"Alec Neill","text":"children. He remains active in tennis, golf and bowls Alec Neill Alexander George \"Alec\" Neill (born 22 July 1950 in Dunedin, New Zealand) is the former Chairman of the Canterbury Regional Council and a former National Party politician. He was an electorate Member of Parliament from 1990 to 1996, and a list member for two terms in 1999, and from 2001 to 2002. Alec Neill was born in Dunedin, the youngest son of Alfred George Neill QC. then a prominent barrister practising in Dunedin. Alec Neill was raised at Allans Beach on the Otago Peninsula, attended the Hoopers Inlet Primary","psg_id":"3957763"},{"title":"James C. Neill","text":"James C. Neill James Clinton Neill (c. 17881848) was a 19th-century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina. James Clinton Neill was born in 1788 in Rowan County, North Carolina, the third child (and third son) of James Neill and Hannah Clayton Neill. William Clinton Neill (James Clinton's grandfather), was a captain in the American Revolution, who along with five of his sons, including James Clinton's father James, fought in the War for Independence. James Clinton's uncle, Lieutenant William Neill, was","psg_id":"5478514"},{"title":"Alec Neill","text":"Alec Neill Alexander George \"Alec\" Neill (born 22 July 1950 in Dunedin, New Zealand) is the former Chairman of the Canterbury Regional Council and a former National Party politician. He was an electorate Member of Parliament from 1990 to 1996, and a list member for two terms in 1999, and from 2001 to 2002. Alec Neill was born in Dunedin, the youngest son of Alfred George Neill QC. then a prominent barrister practising in Dunedin. Alec Neill was raised at Allans Beach on the Otago Peninsula, attended the Hoopers Inlet Primary School and then attended St. Kevin's College, Oamaru, and","psg_id":"3957750"},{"title":"Holly Neill","text":"Holly Neill Holly Neill (born 6 April 1989) is a parasport track and field athlete from England competing in category F41 throwing events. Neill has represented Great Britain in the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in the discus throw, finishing third. She competes in the Les Autres Paralympic category as an athlete with dwarfism. Neill, who was born with dwarfism, was initially more interested in equestrian sports, but after an injury to her competition horse, and a lack of funds, she began looking for other sporting outlets. Neill had always been interested in athletics, and had entered the 2009 World","psg_id":"17449248"},{"title":"Scotty Neill","text":"Scotty Neill Francis Kennedy \"Scotty\" Neill (November 17, 1895 – July 7, 1963) was an American football and baseball player for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. He won the Bachelor of Ugliness in 1922, Vanderbilt's highest honor for a male undergraduate. Neill was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity, and graduated with an M. D. in 1925. Neill was born on November 17, 1895 in Birmingham, Alabama to Peter Neill and Rosina Jones Dollop. Neill was a member of the 1921 SIAA champion Vanderbilt baseball team. Neill often batted cleanup in his time with the Commodores, referred to","psg_id":"18280170"},{"title":"Noel Neill","text":"Jack Larson in 1960, but after Reeves's tragic and sudden death, the seventh season was canceled, officially ending the show. While Phyllis Coates generally distanced herself from the role, Neill embraced her association with Lois Lane, giving frequent talks on college campuses during the 1970s, when interest in the series was revived, endearing herself to audiences with her warmth and humor. Neill continued to appear in \"Superman\"-related productions. She originated the role of Lois Lane's mother, Ellen (alternatively, Ella) Lane, in a cameo for the 1978 film \"Superman\", with Kirk Alyn as Lois' father, Sam Lane – as was the","psg_id":"5336850"},{"title":"Robert Neill (writer)","text":"Robert Neill (writer) Robert Geoffrey Neill (19 November 1905 – 1979) was an English writer of historical fiction, best known for his debut novel, \"Mist over Pendle\", published in 1951, which has remained in print since first appearing. The novel presents a fictional account of the events leading up to the famous Pendle witches trial in 1612. Neill was born in Prestwich, Greater Manchester, England, into a family with long-standing local connections. His great-grandfather, also called Robert Neill, was a former Mayor of Manchester (two terms, 1866–68), though his mother came from Colne, in Central Lancashire, an area to which","psg_id":"14711270"},{"title":"James C. Neill","text":"of the Rio Grande. Neill had been recommended for the commission by one of his neighbors, D. C. Barrett, who wrote to Texian Army commander Sam Houston that \"age and experience with his militia rank & title, would seem to justify his first commission as a field officer\". On December 21, 1835, Houston requested that Neill, now a lieutenant colonel of an artillery company, take command of the Texian and Tejano garrison stationed at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio de Bexar. The orders also specified that Neill should make a report to Houston detailing the current state of the","psg_id":"5478522"},{"title":"James C. Neill","text":"County, Corsicana, Texas in his honor. James C. Neill James Clinton Neill (c. 17881848) was a 19th-century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina. James Clinton Neill was born in 1788 in Rowan County, North Carolina, the third child (and third son) of James Neill and Hannah Clayton Neill. William Clinton Neill (James Clinton's grandfather), was a captain in the American Revolution, who along with five of his sons, including James Clinton's father James, fought in the War for Independence. James","psg_id":"5478531"},{"title":"Morgyn Neill","text":"Morgyn Neill Morgyn Neill (born 10 March 1996) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stenhousemuir. He has previously played for Motherwell and Livingston, as well as Ayr United and Stranraer on loan. Neill was born on 10 March 1996, in Glasgow. He joined the Motherwell youth academy at a young age. Neill was at Motherwell for 10 years, but couldn't force his way into the first team. He played with the development squad, and played as a defender. Having been named on the substitutes bench for Motherwell on a number of occasions during the 2014–15","psg_id":"19182397"},{"title":"Stephen Neill","text":"Stephen Neill Stephen Charles Neill (1900–1984) was a Scottish Anglican missionary, bishop, and scholar. He was proficient in a number of languages, including Greek, Latin and Tamil. He went to Trinity College, Cambridge and was a fellow there before going as a missionary to Tamil Nadu, in British India, and became bishop of Tirunelveli in 1939. He believed in unification of all churches in South India and communion beyond denominations. He wrote several books on theology and church history. Neill was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 31 December 1900 to Charles Neill and Margaret Penelope (\"Daisy\") Neill, the daughter of","psg_id":"12949265"},{"title":"George Neill","text":"the club ended. Neill died, at the age of 30, in 1905. George Neill George Neill (1872–1905) was an English association footballer who played as a defender. Born in Poplar, London, Neill spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neill was club captain. He was described as a \"very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank\". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under","psg_id":"18365648"},{"title":"Jon Neill","text":"Jon Neill Jonathan Charles Neill (born 19 December 1968), also known by the nickname of \"Jon\" , is an English-born former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for St. Helens, Huddersfield Giants and Swinton Lions, as a . Jon Neill's birth was registered in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. Jon Neill won 2 caps for Scotland in 1997–1999 while at Huddersfield Giants. Jon Neill played left-, i.e. number 8, in St. Helens' 24-14 victory over Rochdale Hornets in the 1991–92 Lancashire County Cup Final during","psg_id":"14934495"},{"title":"Jon Neill","text":"the 1991–92 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington, on Sunday 20 October 1991. Jon Neill Jonathan Charles Neill (born 19 December 1968), also known by the nickname of \"Jon\" , is an English-born former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for St. Helens, Huddersfield Giants and Swinton Lions, as a . Jon Neill's birth was registered in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. Jon Neill won 2 caps for Scotland in 1997–1999 while at Huddersfield Giants. Jon Neill played left-, i.e. number 8, in St. Helens' 24-14","psg_id":"14934496"},{"title":"Frederick Neill","text":"of Yorkshire\". A keen golfer, Neill played for Yorkshire. He died on 11 August 1967, aged 75, at his home in Sheffield; he was survived by his wife, Winifred Margaret, daughter of Robert Colver, JP, of Rockmount in Ranmoor; they had a son, Hugh, and three daughters. Frederick Neill Colonel Sir Frederick Austin Neill, CBE, DSO, TD, JP, DL (11 November 1891 – 11 August 1967) was an English businessman, public administrator, local politician and soldier. Frederick Austin Neill was born in Sheffield on 11 November 1891, the eldest surviving son of James Neill, JP, who was the founder of","psg_id":"20624040"},{"title":"Roy William Neill","text":"\"The Lady Vanishes\". However, due to delays in production, Black hired Alfred Hitchcock to direct instead. Neill died in London, England, from a heart attack. Roy William Neill Roy William Neill (4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for directing the last eleven of the fourteen Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Studios. With his father as the captain, Roy William Neill was born on a ship off the coast of Ireland. His birth name was Roland de Gostrie. Neill","psg_id":"6487415"},{"title":"Quentin Neill","text":"business, and when the Boer War broke out he became a Trooper with the Driscoll's Scouts. Neill died in 1901, in a Durban hospital due to a fever. Quentin Neill Quentin Durward Neill (16 April 1866 – 9 August 1901) was a Scottish footballer who made 59 appearances in the Football League for Lincoln City. He played as a right back. Before moving to England he played for Queen's Park in Scotland. Neill was born in Glasgow, he was younger brother to Robert W. Neill who went on to captain Scotland in 1880. He played football for Queen's Park before","psg_id":"17161487"},{"title":"Lucas Neill","text":"saying: \"I add value to the team and I bring a lot of good attributes but I am the victim ...\". On 6 May 2014, it was revealed that Socceroos team boss Ange Postecoglou had advised Neill that he would not be part of Australia's squad at the 2014 World Cup. Neill was also absent from 2015 AFC Asian Cup. Neill's son currently plays at the Blackburn Rovers Academy. On 2 May 2016, Neill was declared bankrupt in the United Kingdom. Millwall Blackburn Rovers Al Jazira Australia Individual Lucas Neill Lucas Edward Neill (born 9 March 1978) is an Australian","psg_id":"4365230"},{"title":"Ryan Neill","text":"Ryan Neill Ryan Neill (born December 12, 1982 in Wayne, New Jersey) is a former American football defensive end and long snapper. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He grew up in Wayne, New Jersey and played college football at Rutgers. In the NFL, Neill has also played for the San Diego Chargers and St. Louis Rams. The son of NY Giant nose tackle, Bill Neill. Ryan Neill attended Wayne Hills High School, New Jersey and was an All-State selection by the Associated Press and Gannett News, adding All-State Group 3 and","psg_id":"10569021"},{"title":"John R. Neill","text":"John R. Neill John Rea Neill (November 12, 1877 – September 19, 1943) was a magazine and children's book illustrator primarily known for illustrating more than forty stories set in the Land of Oz, including L. Frank Baum's, Ruth Plumly Thompson's, and three of his own. His pen-and-ink drawings have become identified almost exclusively with the Oz series. He did a great deal of magazine and newspaper illustration work which is not as well known today. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, John R. Neill did his first illustration work for the Philadelphia's Central High School newspaper in 1894-95. Neill dropped out","psg_id":"2451804"},{"title":"John R. Neill","text":"John R. Neill John Rea Neill (November 12, 1877 – September 19, 1943) was a magazine and children's book illustrator primarily known for illustrating more than forty stories set in the Land of Oz, including L. Frank Baum's, Ruth Plumly Thompson's, and three of his own. His pen-and-ink drawings have become identified almost exclusively with the Oz series. He did a great deal of magazine and newspaper illustration work which is not as well known today. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, John R. Neill did his first illustration work for the Philadelphia's Central High School newspaper in 1894-95. Neill dropped out","psg_id":"2451797"},{"title":"Bud Neill","text":"Bud Neill William \"Bud\" Neill (5 November 1911–28 August 1970 ) was a Scottish cartoonist who drew cartoon strips for a number of Glasgow based newspapers between the 1940s and 1960s. Following his death, his work has attained cult status with a worldwide following. Born as William Neill in Partick, he moved with his family shortly thereafter to Troon in Ayrshire. (He is not to be confused with William Neill, the poet, also from Ayrshire originally). Growing up there, the young Neill would spend his Saturdays at the local cinema, and was particularly enthralled by the adventures of silent movie","psg_id":"7544743"},{"title":"James C. Neill","text":"the men were stationed at Fort Decatur, where the remnants of the defeated Creek Nation came to surrender, seeking food and supplies (surrendering Creeks also went to Fort Jackson). One company, under Captain Abner Pearce, was stationed at Fort Montgomery. Woodfolk was a wealthy land speculator who owned a large plantation in Jackson County. In addition to potentially sharing time with Davy Crockett, during this military service James Clinton Neill may well have also met his future Texas Revolution commander, Sam Houston. By at least 1820, J.C. Neill had moved his family to Greene County, Alabama. He served in the","psg_id":"5478517"},{"title":"Morgyn Neill","text":"to continue his development, Livingston allowed Neill on 12 January 2017 after making 40 appearances both championship and league 1 , to move on loan to fellow Scottish League One side Stranraer for the duration of the 2016–17 season. After returning from his loan spell, Neill was released by Livingston in May 2017, subsequently signing a permanent contract with Stranraer going on to being a key player making 59 appearances in a season and a half . Neill left Stranraer after a season, joining Scottish League One rivals Stenhousemuir in May 2018. Morgyn Neill Morgyn Neill (born 10 March 1996)","psg_id":"19182399"},{"title":"Bud Neill","text":"give more examples of Neill's quirky humour and fine touch with pen and lamp-black ink. Bud Neill William \"Bud\" Neill (5 November 1911–28 August 1970 ) was a Scottish cartoonist who drew cartoon strips for a number of Glasgow based newspapers between the 1940s and 1960s. Following his death, his work has attained cult status with a worldwide following. Born as William Neill in Partick, he moved with his family shortly thereafter to Troon in Ayrshire. (He is not to be confused with William Neill, the poet, also from Ayrshire originally). Growing up there, the young Neill would spend his","psg_id":"7544759"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"big international role, as Damien Thorn, son of the devil, in \"\"; also in that year, he played an outstanding main role in Andrzej Żuławski's cult film, \"Possession\". Later, he was one of the leading candidates to succeed Roger Moore in the role of James Bond, but lost out to Timothy Dalton. Among his many Australian roles is playing Michael Chamberlain in \"Evil Angels\" (1988) (released as \"A Cry in the Dark\" outside of Australia and New Zealand), a film about the case of Azaria Chamberlain. Neill has played heroes and occasionally villains in a succession of film and television","psg_id":"12936942"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"in \"The Magic Pudding\". In 2001, he hosted and narrated a documentary series for the BBC entitled \"Space\" (\"Hyperspace\" in the United States). He portrayed the eponymous wizard in \"Merlin\" (1998), a miniseries based on the legends of King Arthur. He reprised his role in the sequel, \"Merlin's Apprentice\" (2006). Neill starred in the historical drama \"The Tudors\", playing Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. \"I have to say I really enjoyed making \"The Tudors\"\", he said, \"It was six months with a character that I found immensely intriguing, with a cast that I liked very much and with a story I found","psg_id":"12936945"},{"title":"Jay Wesley Neill","text":"quivered and he complained of being dizzy before asking, \"Are they starting?\", then he prayed until he became unconscious, and Neill was pronounced dead at 6:18 p.m. Jay Wesley Neill was the 54th person executed by the state of Oklahoma since resuming executions in 1990. Jay Wesley Neill Jay Wesley Neill (April 9, 1965 – December 12, 2002) was an American mass murderer, who on December 14, 1984, killed 4 people during a bank robbery in Geronimo, Oklahoma. Neill was convicted and sentenced to death, and was executed in 2002. Jay Wesley Neill was born on April 9, 1965, and","psg_id":"5980939"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"Queenstown and owns a winery called Two Paddocks, consisting of a vineyard at Gibbston and two near Alexandra, all in the Central Otago region of New Zealand's South Island. His avocation is running Two Paddocks. \"I'd like the vineyard to support me but I'm afraid it is the other way round. It is not a very economic business\", said Neill, \"It is a ridiculously time- and money-consuming business. I would not do it if it was not so satisfying and fun, and it gets me pissed once in a while.\" He enjoys sharing his exploits on the farm through social","psg_id":"12936949"},{"title":"Neill Barry","text":"Neill Barry Neill Barry (born November 29, 1965) is an American film, television and stage actor, as well as an occasional screenwriter. Films in which he has acted have grossed collectively over $90,000,000. Barry was born in New York City, New York. He made his acting debut at the age of thirteen in Martin Davidson's film \"Hero at Large\". He co-wrote and starred in the independent film \"Friends & Lovers\", which also starred Robert Downey Jr., Claudia Schiffer and Stephen Baldwin. Barry portrays Philip Rearden in \"Atlas Shrugged\" (2011), the film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel of the same name.","psg_id":"13845680"},{"title":"Neill Barry","text":"Neill Barry Neill Barry (born November 29, 1965) is an American film, television and stage actor, as well as an occasional screenwriter. Films in which he has acted have grossed collectively over $90,000,000. Barry was born in New York City, New York. He made his acting debut at the age of thirteen in Martin Davidson's film \"Hero at Large\". He co-wrote and starred in the independent film \"Friends & Lovers\", which also starred Robert Downey Jr., Claudia Schiffer and Stephen Baldwin. Barry portrays Philip Rearden in \"Atlas Shrugged\" (2011), the film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel of the same name.","psg_id":"13845679"},{"title":"Wilfred T. Neill","text":"1949, he joined E. Ross Allen's Reptile Institute in Silver Springs, Florida, as Research Director. Neill was the first to describe the Everglades rat snake (\"Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni\", a subspecies of \"Elaphe obsoleta\", 1949), the Gulf hammock dwarf siren (\"Pseudobranchus striatus lustricolus\", a subspecies of \"Pseudobranchus striatus\", 1951), the one-toed amphiuma (\"Amphiuma pholeter\", 1964), and the southern Florida rainbow snake (\"Farancia erytrogramma seminola\", a subspecies of \"Farancia erytrogramma\", 1964). In 1966, herpetologist Sam Rountree Telford, Jr. honored Neill by giving his name to a newly described subspecies of the Florida crowned snake (\"Tantilla relicta\"), naming it \"Tantilla relicta neilli\". Similarly,","psg_id":"11799384"},{"title":"Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen","text":"a Life Peer as Baron Neill of Bladen, of Briantspuddle in the County of Dorset, on 28 November 1997. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher until 18 May 2016, at which point he ceased to be a member pursuant to section 2 of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, having failed to attend during the whole of the 2015–16 session without being on leave of absence. Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen Francis Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen, QC (8 August 1926 – 28 May 2016) was a British barrister and cross bench member","psg_id":"2799505"},{"title":"Neill Austin","text":"electorate from 1978 to 1987, when he retired and was replaced by John Carter. In the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours, Austin was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for public services. He died on 24 June 2008. Neill Austin Howard Neill Austin, (12 December 1924 – 24 June 2008), known as Neill Austin, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He held many positions with Federated Farmers. Austin was born in 1924 in Rawene, a town on the south side of the Hokianga harbour. His father was William Neill Austin. He received his education","psg_id":"11807602"},{"title":"George Neill","text":"George Neill George Neill (1872–1905) was an English association footballer who played as a defender. Born in Poplar, London, Neill spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neill was club captain. He was described as a \"very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank\". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under \"electric light\", at Hermit Road against West Bromwich Albion in March 1896.","psg_id":"18365645"},{"title":"Neill Austin","text":"Neill Austin Howard Neill Austin, (12 December 1924 – 24 June 2008), known as Neill Austin, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He held many positions with Federated Farmers. Austin was born in 1924 in Rawene, a town on the south side of the Hokianga harbour. His father was William Neill Austin. He received his education at Okaihau District High School (now Okaihau College). In 1946, he married Violet Mudgway, the daughter of Herbert Lewis Mudgway; the couple were to have three daughters. Austin was a member of the Umawera School committee from 1956 to 1962. He","psg_id":"11807600"},{"title":"Quentin Neill","text":"Quentin Neill Quentin Durward Neill (16 April 1866 – 9 August 1901) was a Scottish footballer who made 59 appearances in the Football League for Lincoln City. He played as a right back. Before moving to England he played for Queen's Park in Scotland. Neill was born in Glasgow, he was younger brother to Robert W. Neill who went on to captain Scotland in 1880. He played football for Queen's Park before moving to England where he joined Lincoln City. He made his debut in December 1888 in the Combination, and played regularly over the next six years as the","psg_id":"17161485"},{"title":"Roy William Neill","text":"Roy William Neill Roy William Neill (4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for directing the last eleven of the fourteen Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Studios. With his father as the captain, Roy William Neill was born on a ship off the coast of Ireland. His birth name was Roland de Gostrie. Neill began directing silent films in 1917 and went on to helm 107 films, 40 of them silent. Although most of Neill's films were low-budget B-movies,","psg_id":"6487413"},{"title":"Noel Neill","text":"another relative of the main character: Neill appeared in the 1978 Superman feature film, the 1980s TV series \"Superboy\" and the 2006 film \"Superman Returns\". Noel Darleen Neill was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the daughter of journalist David Holland Neill and stage dancer Lavere Gorsboth. When she was 4 years old, her parents enrolled her at \"a school for aspiring performers.\" During her teen years, Neill \"danced, sang and even played the banjo at county fairs throughout the midwest.\" When she graduated from high school in 1938, her first job was writing articles for \"Women's Wear Daily\". In her teens,","psg_id":"5336846"},{"title":"Terry Neill (Accenture)","text":"Terry Neill (Accenture) Terry Neill (born about 1945) is a former chairman of Andersen Worldwide (now Accenture). Between 1970 and 2001, Neill worked at Arthur Andersen and its successors Andersen Worldwide and Accenture in Dublin, London and Chicago. Neill was a non-executive director of CRH plc and Bank of Ireland Group from 2004. In September 2009, Neill became a member of the Board of United Business Media (UBM) plc. Neill and his wife Marjorie met as undergraduates at Trinity College Dublin, where he obtained his M.A. He received his MBA (then an M. Sc. (Econ)) from London Business School in","psg_id":"17758262"},{"title":"Neill Blomkamp","text":"Neill Blomkamp Neill Blomkamp (; born 17 September 1979) is a South African-born Canadian film director, producer, screenwriter, and animator. Blomkamp employs a documentary-style, hand-held, cinéma vérité technique, blending naturalistic and photo-realistic computer-generated effects. He is best known as the co-writer and director of the critically acclaimed and financially successful science fiction film \"District 9\", for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He directed the dystopian science fiction film \"Elysium\", which garnered moderately positive reviews and a good box office return. He is known for his collaborations with South African actor Sharlto Copley. He","psg_id":"7657602"},{"title":"Bobby Neill","text":"shows including \"Minder\". In 2004 he was inducted into the Scottish Boxing Hall of Fame. Bobby Neill Bobby Neill (born 10 October 1933) is a Scottish former boxer who was British featherweight champion between 1959 and 1960, and later had success as a trainer. Born in Edinburgh, the son of a bookmaker, Neill attended Trinity Academy and boxed out of the Sparta Amateur Boxing Club, representing Scotland at amateur level despite suffering serious injuries in a car crash. He made his professional debut in May 1955 with a second round stoppage of Denny Dennis. He won his first 15 fights,","psg_id":"19400755"},{"title":"Lily Neill","text":"Lily Neill Lily Neill is an American-born harp player who specialises in traditional Irish music and related folk music traditions. She is recognised for her solo performances as well as for her collaborations with artists in genres outside the realm of folk music. Neill was born in Maryland, United States and started playing the harp at the age of nine, after taking several years of piano lessons. She gave her first professional public performance the following year, earning many awards at harp competitions in the USA including the U.S. National Scottish harp competition where she was undefeated. She also earned","psg_id":"12104926"},{"title":"Jay Wesley Neill","text":"Jay Wesley Neill Jay Wesley Neill (April 9, 1965 – December 12, 2002) was an American mass murderer, who on December 14, 1984, killed 4 people during a bank robbery in Geronimo, Oklahoma. Neill was convicted and sentenced to death, and was executed in 2002. Jay Wesley Neill was born on April 9, 1965, and at 18-years-old he joined the United States Army in 1983. Neill met Robert Grady Johnson in February 1984 at a bar, and the two became romantically involved. He was discharged from the military in the summer of 1984 after disclosing that he was homosexual, and","psg_id":"5980930"},{"title":"Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen","text":"Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen Francis Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen, QC (8 August 1926 – 28 May 2016) was a British barrister and cross bench member of the House of Lords. A son of Sir Thomas Neill, Patrick Neill was educated at Highgate School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He became a barrister in 1951 and took silk in 1966. After heading One Hare Court, he became head of chambers of Serle Court, in Lincoln's Inn when the two merged in 1999. Lord Neill left Serle Court in 2008 to join his elder brother Sir Brian Neill, a","psg_id":"2799503"},{"title":"Holly Neill","text":"her other two events. She again entered the IWAS World Junior Championships, this time held in Dubai. There she took silver in the discus and retained her shot put title. 2011 also saw Neill enter the Paralympic World Cup in Manchester where she came fourth in the shot. Although not part of Team GB in the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Neill was selected for the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, selected in the discus. There she threw 21.54m, below her personal best, to win the bronze medal. Holly Neill Holly Neill (born 6 April 1989) is a parasport track","psg_id":"17449250"},{"title":"David Neill","text":"the NFL, but he opted for a veterinary career and left football prior to the 2002 NFL Draft. Neill currently holds the following records at the University of Nevada: 1. Total offense in a single game: 582. 2. Total yards thrown in a single game: 611. 3. Career passing yards: 10,901. 4. Passing attempts in a career: 1374. Neill attended high school at Hart High School in Newhall, California, where he played both football and basketball. David Neill David Neill (born July 17, 1980) was an American college football quarterback for the University of Nevada from 1998 to 2001. In","psg_id":"9634995"},{"title":"Ryan Neill","text":"the St. Louis Rams signed Neill to handle those duties for the remainder of the season. Neill signed with the San Diego Chargers on September 17, 2010, but unfortunately, he suffered a leg fracture September 26, 2010 playing the Seattle Seahawks. He finished the 2010 season on injured reserve. Ryan Neill Ryan Neill (born December 12, 1982 in Wayne, New Jersey) is a former American football defensive end and long snapper. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He grew up in Wayne, New Jersey and played college football at Rutgers. In the","psg_id":"10569026"},{"title":"Sam Neill","text":"in 2001's \"Jurassic Park III\". Neill's other notable films include \"The Hunt for Red October\" (1990), \"Sirens\"; \"In the Mouth of Madness\"; \"The Jungle Book\" (all 1994), \"\", \"Event Horizon\" (both 1997), \"The Horse Whisperer\" (1998), \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999), \"The Dish\" (2000), \"Yes\", \"Wimbledon\" (both 2004), \"Daybreakers\" (2009), \"\" (2010), \"The Hunter\" (2011), \"The Vow\" (2012), \"Escape Plan\" (2013), \"The Daughter\" (2015), \"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\" (2016), \"\" (2017), \"The Commuter\", and \"Peter Rabbit\" (both 2018). Outside of film, Neill has appeared in numerous television series, such as \"Reilly, Ace of Spies\" (1983), \"Merlin\" (1998), \"The Tudors\" (2007), \"Crusoe\" (2008–10),","psg_id":"12936937"},{"title":"Lucas Neill","text":"Lucas Neill Lucas Edward Neill (born 9 March 1978) is an Australian former footballer. Neill played as a defender, often playing as a centre back as well as a full back. Neill spent almost 15 years of his career playing in England. He represented Australia at the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, and also the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar. On 6 October 2006 he was named the 50th captain of the Australian national team, and by the time of his retirement, had amassed a record 61","psg_id":"4365211"},{"title":"Bobby Neill","text":"Bobby Neill Bobby Neill (born 10 October 1933) is a Scottish former boxer who was British featherweight champion between 1959 and 1960, and later had success as a trainer. Born in Edinburgh, the son of a bookmaker, Neill attended Trinity Academy and boxed out of the Sparta Amateur Boxing Club, representing Scotland at amateur level despite suffering serious injuries in a car crash. He made his professional debut in May 1955 with a second round stoppage of Denny Dennis. He won his first 15 fights, including an eighth round stoppage of Matt Fulton in September 1956 to take the vacant","psg_id":"19400751"},{"title":"Thomas H. Neill","text":"beginning in 1879, when he became a colonel. He also was commandant of cadets at West Point for four years. Neill served in Texas before retiring on disability in 1883. Neill died in Philadelphia on March 12, 1885. He is buried at West Point. Thomas H. Neill Thomas Hewson Neill, a native of Pennsylvania, became a general in the American Civil War, serving in the Army of the Potomac in some of its most important campaigns. Neill was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 9, 1826. Educated in local schools, he attended the University of Pennsylvania before transferring to the","psg_id":"12069577"},{"title":"John Neill (footballer)","text":"2006–07 Scottish First Division play-offs. Neill was released from his Hearts' contract on in August 2007 and joined Queen's Park in February 2008, becoming manager Gardner Spiers first signing for the club. He then moved to East Stirlingshire before joining Clyde in July 2011. Neill was top goalscorer in his first season, earning a new one-year contract, but left for Junior side Irvine Meadow on loan in February 2013. John Neill (footballer) John Neill (born 17 August 1987) is a Scottish professional footballer. A combative & creative central midfielder, Neill started his senior career with Hearts, whom he joined from","psg_id":"8815870"},{"title":"Sam Born","text":"Sam Born Sam Born (September 10, 1891 – March 23, 1959) was an American businessman, candy-maker and inventor. Born to a Jewish family in Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Born, under his original name - Samuel Bernstein - emigrated to the United States in December 1909; he sailed on the S/S \"Merion\" from Liverpool, England, to Philadelphia; on the ship's passenger list, his occupation was listed as \"candy maker\". In 1916, Sam Born was awarded the \"key to the city\" of San Francisco for inventing a machine that mechanically inserted sticks into lollipops. In 1923 in New York City he founded Just Born","psg_id":"14136494"},{"title":"Noel Neill","text":"of Lois Lane. The Lois Lane statue is modeled on Noel Neill. Neill stated that she was honored to be memorialized with the statue. In 2003, writer Larry Ward wrote an authorized biography of Neill, \"Truth, Justice, & The American Way: The Life And Times Of Noel Neill, The Original Lois Lane\". A limited-edition, expanded version of the book was released in 2006. In 2007, Ward wrote another book on Neill, \"Beyond Lois Lane\", which focused on the actresses' other acting and modeling work. In 2004, Neill received a Golden Boot Award for her work in Western films. In 1943,","psg_id":"5336853"},{"title":"A. S. Neill","text":"A. S. Neill Alexander Sutherland Neill (17 October 1883 – 23 September 1973) was a Scottish educator and author known for his school, Summerhill, and its philosophies of freedom from adult coercion and community self-governance. Neill was raised in Scotland, where he was a poor student but became a schoolteacher. He taught in several schools across the country before attending the University of Edinburgh from 1908 to 1912. He took two jobs in journalism before World War I, and taught at Gretna Green Village School during the first year of the war, writing his first book, \"A Dominie's Log\" (1915),","psg_id":"2875709"},{"title":"Sam Born","text":"company, a candy manufacturer that still manufactures Peeps, Mike and Ike, and Hot Tamales. In 1932, he relocated the firm to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, from its former Brooklyn location. In March 1959, Samuel H. Born died on board the Cunard liner, \"Britannic\", while it was at sea, having departed from Lisbon, Portugal en route to Southampton, England. He and his wife were on the last lap of a 14,000 mile world cruise, according to his obituary which appeared in \"The Morning Call\", an Allentown, Pennsylvania newspaper, on March 24, 1959. Sam Born Sam Born (September 10, 1891 – March 23, 1959)","psg_id":"14136495"},{"title":"Thomas Neill (insurance executive)","text":"Thomas Neill (insurance executive) Sir Thomas Neill (January 1856–31 May 1937) was an Irish-born insurance executive and pioneer of National Health Insurance in the United Kingdom. Neill was born in Cookstown, County Tyrone, the son of a land agent. He first became a railway booking clerk,and then an insurance agent in Ballymena. In 1894 he became general manager of the London, Edinburgh and Glasgow Insurance Company and joined the board of directors of the Pearl Insurance Company when it took over the former company in 1910. When the National Health Insurance scheme came into force in 1911, Neill was appointed","psg_id":"12341896"},{"title":"Neill Gorton","text":"villains and monsters, including the modern update of Davros. He won the BAFTA Awards four times with six nominations and won the RTS Awards two times with five nominations. He was nominated one time for the OFTA awards. Gorton and Rob Mayor are the directors of the company Millennium FX, which is focused on cutting edge prosthetics, animatronics, and special make-up FX. He is also the director of Gorton Studio, which offers courses for trainees up to professionals in screen prosthetics. He is also a visiting professor at the University of Bolton. Neill Gorton Neill Gorton (born 6 September 1969)","psg_id":"18338508"},{"title":"Ivan Neill (priest)","text":"Ivan Neill (priest) Ivan Delacherois Neill CB OBE (10 July 1912 – 18 June 2001) was an Anglican priest and British Army officer. He served as a military chaplain during World War II and served as Chaplain General from 1960 to 1966 and as Chaplain to the Queen. After leaving the army, he was Provost of Sheffield Cathedral. Neill was born on 10 July 1912 at the Templeharry rectory in County Tipperary, Ireland. His father, the Rev. Robert Richard Neill, was a Church of Ireland minister who was later the Rector of Tooting Graveney. He spent his early childhood in","psg_id":"15706881"},{"title":"James Kerby Neill","text":"April 26, 1942, the same day it adopted its Constitution and By-Laws. Dr. Neill died Aug. 21, 1996 at a nursing home in Elk Grove Village, Ill. James Kerby Neill James Kerby Neill (1906 - 21 August 1996) was professor emeritus of English at The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., He was an author and researcher with a Ph.D. in Shakespearean studies He was born in 1906 to Charles Patrick Neill (b. 1865 in Rock Island, IL) and Esther A. Waggaman (b. 1874 in Washington, D.C.), married Julia Day Stewart (b. 1913). He was a graduate of Georgetown Preparatory","psg_id":"16125888"},{"title":"William Neill (poet)","text":"William Neill (poet) William Neill (22 February 1922 – 5 April 2010) was an Ayrshire-born poet who wrote in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, Scots and English. He was a major contributing voice to the Scottish Renaissance. Neill was born in Prestwick, Ayrshire and educated at Ayr Academy. After service in the RAF, he studied at the University of Edinburgh and graduated with an Honours degree in Celtic studies. He was a frequent contributor to \"Catalyst\" and \"Gairm\" magazines and subsequently became the second editor of \"Catalyst\". As a young writer, he studied the poets of the Scottish Renaissance, and viewed","psg_id":"6607189"},{"title":"Charles P. Neill","text":"Charles P. Neill Charles Patrick Neill (December 12, 1865 – October 3, 1942) was an American civil servant who raised in Austin, Texas after his family emigrated from Ireland in 1850. Neill graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1897 with a doctorate in economics and politics. He was appointed the United States Commissioner of Labor in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt. As Commissioner of Labor he helped inspect the Meat Packing industries, and reported women and child labor injustices. He also mediated labor disputes between workers and employers in the coal, railroad, and steel corporations. Charles P. Neill was born","psg_id":"12077675"},{"title":"Hugh Neill","text":"Engineers and had reached the rank of Lieutenant colonel by end of the war. In addition to his business interests, he was a public servant. He served as High Sheriff of Hallamshire from 1972 to 1973, and as Lord Lieutenant of South Yorkshire from 1985 to 1996. In 1958, like his father and both his grandfathers, he was Master Cutler for the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire. Neill was born on 29 March 1921 in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. He was the eldest son of Colonel Sir Frederick Neill and his wife Winifred Margaret Neill (née Colver). He was educated at","psg_id":"20471041"},{"title":"Neill F. Marriott","text":"on sexual orientation, while also addressing the need for protection of religious liberty. Marriott also was one of the church's representatives at a meeting announcing a bill incorporating these principles being introduced to the Utah legislature in March 2015. Neill F. Marriott Neill Foote Marriott (born October 16, 1947) was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Young Women organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2013 to 2018. Neill Foote was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. She has a degree in English literature from Southern Methodist University and later worked as a","psg_id":"17850971"},{"title":"Neill F. Marriott","text":"Neill F. Marriott Neill Foote Marriott (born October 16, 1947) was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Young Women organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2013 to 2018. Neill Foote was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. She has a degree in English literature from Southern Methodist University and later worked as a secretary at Harvard University. While at Harvard, she met David Marriott, who introduced her to the LDS Church. She was baptized into the LDS Church and about a year later began dating Marriott. They were married in the Salt","psg_id":"17850969"},{"title":"Neill Malcolm","text":"dog on a bone. \"Stabbed in the back?\" he repeated. \"Yes, that's it, exactly, we were stabbed in the back.\" And thus was born a legend which has never entirely perished. In retirement he was President of the North Borneo Chartered Company from 1926 to 1946 and High Commissioner for German refugees from 1936 to 1938. In May 1907 he married his cousin, Angela Malcolm; they had a daughter and two sons. Neill Malcolm Major-General Sir Neill Malcolm, KCB, DSO (8 October 1869 – 21 December 1953) was a British Army officer who served as Chief of Staff to Fifth","psg_id":"15908769"},{"title":"John Neill","text":"John Neill John Robert Winder Neill (born 17 December 1945) was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin until the end of January 2011. The fourth generation of his family to become a clergyman, John Neill was educated in Dublin at the Avoca School and at Sandford Park. He attended the University of Dublin (Trinity College), Jesus College and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He became a deacon in 1969, a priest in 1970, and a bishop in 1986. At the Lambeth Conference in 1988 he proposed all the approved resolutions in respect of Women in the Episcopate and was chairman of","psg_id":"8200257"},{"title":"Wilfred T. Neill","text":"Wilfred T. Neill Wilfred T. Neill (1922–2001) was an American herpetologist and author. His name survives in the scientific names of the central Florida crowned snake, \"Tantilla relicta neilli\", and a Central American snail-eating snake, \"Sibon sanniolus neilli\". Wilfred Trammell Neill, Jr., was born in Augusta, Georgia, on January 12, 1922. He graduated at the age of 19 with a B.S. from the University of Georgia. He served in the Army Air Force in the South Pacific during World War II. After the war, Neill taught Biology and Zoology in Augusta, Georgia, at Richmond Academy and Augusta Junior College. In","psg_id":"11799383"},{"title":"James George Smith Neill","text":"in the Andamans was named after him, as a mark of honour and now Neill Island (or Neil Island). James George Smith Neill James George Smith Neill (27 May 1810 – 25 September 1857) was a Scottish military officer of the East India Company, who served during the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was infamous for the indiscriminate killing of native Indians during the uprising following the Bibighar massacre. His father was Colonel Neill. Neill was born at Swindridgemuir, near Dalry, Scotland and educated at the University of Glasgow. Entering the service of the British East India Company in 1827,","psg_id":"6394996"},{"title":"Marshall Allen Neill","text":"States Senate on August 2, 1972, and received his commission on August 9, 1972. He served as Chief Judge from 1973 to 1979. Neill served in that capacity until his death on October 6, 1979. Marshall Allen Neill Marshall Allen Neill (August 23, 1914 – October 6, 1979) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington. Born in Pullman, Washington, Neill received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Washington State University in 1935 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Idaho College of Law in 1938. He was in","psg_id":"13105651"},{"title":"Terry Neill (Liverpool)","text":"Terry Neill (Liverpool) Terry Neill (born about 1941 in Liverpool) is a racehorse owner and former Liverpool FC shareholder. He hails from the Queen's Drive area of Liverpool, but by 2001 was living at Chalfont St Giles in Buckinghamshire. Neill left Bowaters to set up his own packaging and plastics business, exploited the new trend for own-branding by supermarkets and then sold out in 1995, when the annual turnover had reached £15m, to become a venture capitalist. Neill has had racehorses in training with Martin Pipe, Michael Bell and Richard Hannon, Sr.. His best horse was probably Gloria Victis, who","psg_id":"17758208"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill is a documentary about the history of New Zealand cinema written by Sam Neill and co-directed by Neill and Judy Rymer. The film was released in 1995, and was New Zealand's contribution to the British Film Institute's \\\"Century of Cinema\\\" series. The title refers to the dark and brooding nature of many of New Zealand's most notable films, which Neill considers a reflection of the nation's struggle to find, or form, its own identity. The film screened in the 1995 Cannes Film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8554888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"with actress Lisa Harrow. They have a son, Tim, born in 1983. Neill subsequently married make-up artist Noriko Watanabe in 1989 and they have one daughter, Elena (born in 1991). Neill separated from Watanabe in 2017, and as of early 2018 is dating Australian political journalist Laura Tingle. He is also stepfather to Maiko Spencer, a daughter from Watanabe's first marriage. In his early 20s he fathered a son, Andrew, who was adopted by someone else. In 2014, Neill said the two \\\"went looking for [one another]\\\" and that their reunion was \\\"much more grown-up\\\" than expected. Neill lives in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936948\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Festival, and won Best Documentary in the 1996 \\\"TV Guide\\\" Film and Television Awards of New Zealand. The following films are featured and discussed in the documentary: Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill is a documentary about the history of New Zealand cinema written by Sam Neill and co-directed by Neill and Judy Rymer. The film was released in 1995, and was New Zealand's contribution to the British Film Institute's \\\"Century of Cinema\\\" series. The title refers to the dark and brooding nature of many of New Zealand's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8554889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"the Mouth of Madness\\\" (1995), \\\"Event Horizon\\\" (1997), \\\"Bicentennial Man\\\" (1999), and the comedy \\\"The Dish\\\" (2000). Neill has occasionally acted in New Zealand films, notably \\\"The Piano\\\" (1993), \\\"Perfect Strangers\\\" (2003), \\\"Under the Mountain\\\" (2009), and \\\"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\\\" (2016). He returned to directing in 1995 with the documentary \\\"\\\" (1995) which he wrote and directed with Judy Rymer. In 1993, he co-starred with Anne Archer in \\\"Question of Faith\\\", an independent drama based on a true story about one woman's fight to beat cancer and have a baby. In 2000, he provided the voice of Sam Sawnoff\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936944\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"still ... you can still detect me as a stammerer.\\\" He first took to calling himself \\\"Sam\\\" at school because there were several other students named Nigel, and because he felt the name Nigel was \\\"a little effete for ... a New Zealand playground\\\". After working at the New Zealand National Film Unit as a director, Neill was cast for the lead role in the 1977 New Zealand film \\\"Sleeping Dogs\\\". Following this, he appeared in Australian romance \\\"My Brilliant Career\\\" (1979), opposite Judy Davis. In the late 1970s, his mentor was James Mason. In 1981 he won his first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Neill\",\n \"text\": \"David Neill David Neill (born July 17, 1980) was an American college football quarterback for the University of Nevada from 1998 to 2001. In 1998, he set an NCAA record for most touchdown passes in a season by a freshman with 29 thrown. This record was tied in 2006 by Colt McCoy of the Texas Longhorns, and broken the following season by Sam Bradford of Oklahoma. Neill also previously held the school record for most completed passes with 763. This has since been broken by Cody Fajardo (878). He received attention from the Jacksonville Jaguars and New York Jets of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9634994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"None\\\", based on Agatha Christie's thriller, he played the role of General MacArthur. In 2016, he starred in the New Zealand-made film, \\\"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\\\", directed by Taika Waititi, as well as the ITV miniseries \\\"Tutankhamun\\\". In 2017 Neill appeared in a comedic scene in the fantasy sequel \\\"\\\", in which he portrays an actor playing Odin (as depicted by Anthony Hopkins) alongside Luke Hemsworth and Matt Damon playing Thor and Loki respectively. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor and also the voice of Tommy Brock in \\\"Peter Rabbit\\\". From about 1980 to 1989, Neill was in a relationship\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bob Neill\",\n \"text\": \"June 2010 Neill answering questions in the House of Commons as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government said, \\\"Those in greatest need ultimately bear the burden of paying off the debt which this country has been left\\\". The Opposition claimed that the north is taking far bigger cuts than the south and this was not challenged by Neill. Neill was re-elected for a third term in May 2015, shortly after which he was elected as Chairman of Parliament's Justice Select Committee. Following the General Election on 8 June 2017, he was returned to this role. Neill was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2651012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"media. He names his farm animals after film-industry colleagues. His farming exploits can be seen on his Twitter account @TwoPaddocks. Neill also has homes in Wellington, New Zealand, and Sydney, Australia. He is a supporter of the Australian Speak Easy Association and the British Stammering Association (BSA). He supports the New Zealand Labour Party and the Australian Labor Party. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1991 for his work as an actor. Neill has been appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (DCNZM). When knighthoods were returned to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936950\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grace Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Grace Neill Elizabeth Grace Neill (née Campbell, 26 May 1846 – 18 August 1926) was a nurse from New Zealand who lobbied for passage of laws requiring training and national registration of nurses and midwives; in 1901, New Zealand was the first country in the world to introduce such laws. The nursing experience she received during her early life inspired her to reform many aspects of the nursing practice, and her experience as a factory inspector led her to instigate other social reforms. Elizabeth Grace Neill was born 26 May 1846 in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was the oldest daughter of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12723843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frederick Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Frederick Neill Colonel Sir Frederick Austin Neill, CBE, DSO, TD, JP, DL (11 November 1891 – 11 August 1967) was an English businessman, public administrator, local politician and soldier. Frederick Austin Neill was born in Sheffield on 11 November 1891, the eldest surviving son of James Neill, JP, who was the founder of a number of steel tool manufacturing firms, including James Neill & Co. Ltd. and Hallamshire Steel Co. Ltd, which were held under the parent company James Neill Holdings Ltd. Neill attended Wrekin College and then spent two years in Germany to gain business experience; in 1910 he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20624036\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Noel Neill\",\n \"text\": \"damsels in distress in Monogram Westerns and Republic Pictures serials. Neill sang with Bob Crosby and his orchestra. She also sang at the Del Mar Turf Club, which was owned by Bing Crosby. In 1945, producer Sam Katzman gave Neill the recurring role of Betty Rogers, an aggressive reporter for a high-school newspaper, in his series of \\\"Teen Agers\\\" musical comedies, beginning with \\\"Junior Prom\\\" in 1946. When Katzman was casting his \\\"Superman\\\" serial for Columbia Pictures, he remembered Noel Neill's news-hawk portrayals and signed her to play Lois Lane. She played the role in the film serials \\\"Superman\\\" (1948)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5336848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James C. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Alamo. On March 7, Neill with Burleson gathered 50 men and headed for the Alamo. They came close to the Alamo but were repulsed by Mexican cavalry. Neill returned to Gonzales on March 10 after leaving a small party of scouts to observe, who also returned to Gonzales the next day. From late February until Houston's arrivial on March 11, Neill had been in command of the relief troops gathering at Gonzales. Two days later, on March 13, word was received that the Alamo had fallen. Thus, Neill once again relinquished his command and joined the withdrawal of Sam Houston's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5478527\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Catherine Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Catherine Neill Catherine Annie Neill (3 September 1921 – 23 February 2006) was a British paediatric cardiologist who spent the majority of her career at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where she worked alongside Helen B. Taussig. Her primary interest was congenital heart defects; she discovered one type of defect, scimitar syndrome, in 1960. Catherine Neill was born in 1921 in London. She was the eldest of four children born to Sir Thomas Neill, a health insurance executive, and his wife Lady Annie Strachan Neill (née Bishop). One of her three younger brothers was Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20441723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Neill\",\n \"text\": \"on New Year's Eve in 2015. Neill left Central Coast Mariners in June 2017, joining National Premier Leagues NSW side Sydney United. Michael Neill Michael Neill (born 4 July 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Sydney United in the National Premier Leagues NSW. Neill was born in Sydney and played youth football with Sutherland Sharks and Central Coast Mariners before making his professional debut with the Mariners. Neill was born in Sydney. Neill played in the youth systems of English club Portsmouth and Sutherland Sharks before joining the Central Coast Mariners team in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18389983\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Neill\",\n \"text\": \"and he missed the 1969 Football League Cup Final, which Arsenal lost to Swindon Town. Unable to regain his first-team place, Neill only made 25 appearances in 1969–70 and it became clear that he was surplus to requirements at Arsenal. In total he played 275 times for Arsenal, scoring ten goals. Although still only 28, Neill was signed by Hull City in July 1970 as player-manager, one of the youngest ever managers in the history of the game; he later became player-manager of his country as well. Neill retired from playing in 1973, by which time he had won 59\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4994203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Neill Michael Neill (born 4 July 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Sydney United in the National Premier Leagues NSW. Neill was born in Sydney and played youth football with Sutherland Sharks and Central Coast Mariners before making his professional debut with the Mariners. Neill was born in Sydney. Neill played in the youth systems of English club Portsmouth and Sutherland Sharks before joining the Central Coast Mariners team in the National Youth League. After joining the Mariners youth team for the 2012–13 National Youth League, Neill's performances earned him a two-year\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18389981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bob Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Bob Neill Robert James MacGillivray Neill (born 24 June 1952) is a British barrister and Conservative Party politician. He has served as the member of parliament (MP) for Bromley and Chislehurst since a by-election on 29 June 2006, following the death of the previous incumbent Eric Forth. He served as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Communities and Local Government from 14 May 2010 to 4 September 2012. He is the current Chair of Parliament's Justice Select Committee. Neill was born in Ilford to John Macgillivray Neill and Elsie May Neill (). Neill attended Abbs Cross\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2651004\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alec Neill\",\n \"text\": \"children. He remains active in tennis, golf and bowls Alec Neill Alexander George \\\"Alec\\\" Neill (born 22 July 1950 in Dunedin, New Zealand) is the former Chairman of the Canterbury Regional Council and a former National Party politician. He was an electorate Member of Parliament from 1990 to 1996, and a list member for two terms in 1999, and from 2001 to 2002. Alec Neill was born in Dunedin, the youngest son of Alfred George Neill QC. then a prominent barrister practising in Dunedin. Alec Neill was raised at Allans Beach on the Otago Peninsula, attended the Hoopers Inlet Primary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3957763\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James C. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"James C. Neill James Clinton Neill (c. 17881848) was a 19th-century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina. James Clinton Neill was born in 1788 in Rowan County, North Carolina, the third child (and third son) of James Neill and Hannah Clayton Neill. William Clinton Neill (James Clinton's grandfather), was a captain in the American Revolution, who along with five of his sons, including James Clinton's father James, fought in the War for Independence. James Clinton's uncle, Lieutenant William Neill, was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5478514\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alec Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Alec Neill Alexander George \\\"Alec\\\" Neill (born 22 July 1950 in Dunedin, New Zealand) is the former Chairman of the Canterbury Regional Council and a former National Party politician. He was an electorate Member of Parliament from 1990 to 1996, and a list member for two terms in 1999, and from 2001 to 2002. Alec Neill was born in Dunedin, the youngest son of Alfred George Neill QC. then a prominent barrister practising in Dunedin. Alec Neill was raised at Allans Beach on the Otago Peninsula, attended the Hoopers Inlet Primary School and then attended St. Kevin's College, Oamaru, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3957750\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Holly Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Holly Neill Holly Neill (born 6 April 1989) is a parasport track and field athlete from England competing in category F41 throwing events. Neill has represented Great Britain in the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in the discus throw, finishing third. She competes in the Les Autres Paralympic category as an athlete with dwarfism. Neill, who was born with dwarfism, was initially more interested in equestrian sports, but after an injury to her competition horse, and a lack of funds, she began looking for other sporting outlets. Neill had always been interested in athletics, and had entered the 2009 World\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449248\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Scotty Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Scotty Neill Francis Kennedy \\\"Scotty\\\" Neill (November 17, 1895 – July 7, 1963) was an American football and baseball player for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. He won the Bachelor of Ugliness in 1922, Vanderbilt's highest honor for a male undergraduate. Neill was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity, and graduated with an M. D. in 1925. Neill was born on November 17, 1895 in Birmingham, Alabama to Peter Neill and Rosina Jones Dollop. Neill was a member of the 1921 SIAA champion Vanderbilt baseball team. Neill often batted cleanup in his time with the Commodores, referred to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18280170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Noel Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Jack Larson in 1960, but after Reeves's tragic and sudden death, the seventh season was canceled, officially ending the show. While Phyllis Coates generally distanced herself from the role, Neill embraced her association with Lois Lane, giving frequent talks on college campuses during the 1970s, when interest in the series was revived, endearing herself to audiences with her warmth and humor. Neill continued to appear in \\\"Superman\\\"-related productions. She originated the role of Lois Lane's mother, Ellen (alternatively, Ella) Lane, in a cameo for the 1978 film \\\"Superman\\\", with Kirk Alyn as Lois' father, Sam Lane – as was the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5336850\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Neill (writer)\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Neill (writer) Robert Geoffrey Neill (19 November 1905 – 1979) was an English writer of historical fiction, best known for his debut novel, \\\"Mist over Pendle\\\", published in 1951, which has remained in print since first appearing. The novel presents a fictional account of the events leading up to the famous Pendle witches trial in 1612. Neill was born in Prestwich, Greater Manchester, England, into a family with long-standing local connections. His great-grandfather, also called Robert Neill, was a former Mayor of Manchester (two terms, 1866–68), though his mother came from Colne, in Central Lancashire, an area to which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14711270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James C. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"of the Rio Grande. Neill had been recommended for the commission by one of his neighbors, D. C. Barrett, who wrote to Texian Army commander Sam Houston that \\\"age and experience with his militia rank & title, would seem to justify his first commission as a field officer\\\". On December 21, 1835, Houston requested that Neill, now a lieutenant colonel of an artillery company, take command of the Texian and Tejano garrison stationed at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio de Bexar. The orders also specified that Neill should make a report to Houston detailing the current state of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5478522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James C. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"County, Corsicana, Texas in his honor. James C. Neill James Clinton Neill (c. 17881848) was a 19th-century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina. James Clinton Neill was born in 1788 in Rowan County, North Carolina, the third child (and third son) of James Neill and Hannah Clayton Neill. William Clinton Neill (James Clinton's grandfather), was a captain in the American Revolution, who along with five of his sons, including James Clinton's father James, fought in the War for Independence. James\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5478531\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Morgyn Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Morgyn Neill Morgyn Neill (born 10 March 1996) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stenhousemuir. He has previously played for Motherwell and Livingston, as well as Ayr United and Stranraer on loan. Neill was born on 10 March 1996, in Glasgow. He joined the Motherwell youth academy at a young age. Neill was at Motherwell for 10 years, but couldn't force his way into the first team. He played with the development squad, and played as a defender. Having been named on the substitutes bench for Motherwell on a number of occasions during the 2014–15\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19182397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stephen Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Stephen Neill Stephen Charles Neill (1900–1984) was a Scottish Anglican missionary, bishop, and scholar. He was proficient in a number of languages, including Greek, Latin and Tamil. He went to Trinity College, Cambridge and was a fellow there before going as a missionary to Tamil Nadu, in British India, and became bishop of Tirunelveli in 1939. He believed in unification of all churches in South India and communion beyond denominations. He wrote several books on theology and church history. Neill was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 31 December 1900 to Charles Neill and Margaret Penelope (\\\"Daisy\\\") Neill, the daughter of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12949265\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Neill\",\n \"text\": \"the club ended. Neill died, at the age of 30, in 1905. George Neill George Neill (1872–1905) was an English association footballer who played as a defender. Born in Poplar, London, Neill spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neill was club captain. He was described as a \\\"very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank\\\". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18365648\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jon Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Jon Neill Jonathan Charles Neill (born 19 December 1968), also known by the nickname of \\\"Jon\\\" , is an English-born former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for St. Helens, Huddersfield Giants and Swinton Lions, as a . Jon Neill's birth was registered in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. Jon Neill won 2 caps for Scotland in 1997–1999 while at Huddersfield Giants. Jon Neill played left-, i.e. number 8, in St. Helens' 24-14 victory over Rochdale Hornets in the 1991–92 Lancashire County Cup Final during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14934495\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jon Neill\",\n \"text\": \"the 1991–92 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington, on Sunday 20 October 1991. Jon Neill Jonathan Charles Neill (born 19 December 1968), also known by the nickname of \\\"Jon\\\" , is an English-born former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for St. Helens, Huddersfield Giants and Swinton Lions, as a . Jon Neill's birth was registered in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. Jon Neill won 2 caps for Scotland in 1997–1999 while at Huddersfield Giants. Jon Neill played left-, i.e. number 8, in St. Helens' 24-14\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14934496\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Frederick Neill\",\n \"text\": \"of Yorkshire\\\". A keen golfer, Neill played for Yorkshire. He died on 11 August 1967, aged 75, at his home in Sheffield; he was survived by his wife, Winifred Margaret, daughter of Robert Colver, JP, of Rockmount in Ranmoor; they had a son, Hugh, and three daughters. Frederick Neill Colonel Sir Frederick Austin Neill, CBE, DSO, TD, JP, DL (11 November 1891 – 11 August 1967) was an English businessman, public administrator, local politician and soldier. Frederick Austin Neill was born in Sheffield on 11 November 1891, the eldest surviving son of James Neill, JP, who was the founder of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20624040\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roy William Neill\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"The Lady Vanishes\\\". However, due to delays in production, Black hired Alfred Hitchcock to direct instead. Neill died in London, England, from a heart attack. Roy William Neill Roy William Neill (4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for directing the last eleven of the fourteen Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Studios. With his father as the captain, Roy William Neill was born on a ship off the coast of Ireland. His birth name was Roland de Gostrie. Neill\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6487415\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Quentin Neill\",\n \"text\": \"business, and when the Boer War broke out he became a Trooper with the Driscoll's Scouts. Neill died in 1901, in a Durban hospital due to a fever. Quentin Neill Quentin Durward Neill (16 April 1866 – 9 August 1901) was a Scottish footballer who made 59 appearances in the Football League for Lincoln City. He played as a right back. Before moving to England he played for Queen's Park in Scotland. Neill was born in Glasgow, he was younger brother to Robert W. Neill who went on to captain Scotland in 1880. He played football for Queen's Park before\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17161487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lucas Neill\",\n \"text\": \"saying: \\\"I add value to the team and I bring a lot of good attributes but I am the victim ...\\\". On 6 May 2014, it was revealed that Socceroos team boss Ange Postecoglou had advised Neill that he would not be part of Australia's squad at the 2014 World Cup. Neill was also absent from 2015 AFC Asian Cup. Neill's son currently plays at the Blackburn Rovers Academy. On 2 May 2016, Neill was declared bankrupt in the United Kingdom. Millwall Blackburn Rovers Al Jazira Australia Individual Lucas Neill Lucas Edward Neill (born 9 March 1978) is an Australian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4365230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ryan Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Ryan Neill Ryan Neill (born December 12, 1982 in Wayne, New Jersey) is a former American football defensive end and long snapper. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He grew up in Wayne, New Jersey and played college football at Rutgers. In the NFL, Neill has also played for the San Diego Chargers and St. Louis Rams. The son of NY Giant nose tackle, Bill Neill. Ryan Neill attended Wayne Hills High School, New Jersey and was an All-State selection by the Associated Press and Gannett News, adding All-State Group 3 and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10569021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John R. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"John R. Neill John Rea Neill (November 12, 1877 – September 19, 1943) was a magazine and children's book illustrator primarily known for illustrating more than forty stories set in the Land of Oz, including L. Frank Baum's, Ruth Plumly Thompson's, and three of his own. His pen-and-ink drawings have become identified almost exclusively with the Oz series. He did a great deal of magazine and newspaper illustration work which is not as well known today. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, John R. Neill did his first illustration work for the Philadelphia's Central High School newspaper in 1894-95. Neill dropped out\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2451804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John R. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"John R. Neill John Rea Neill (November 12, 1877 – September 19, 1943) was a magazine and children's book illustrator primarily known for illustrating more than forty stories set in the Land of Oz, including L. Frank Baum's, Ruth Plumly Thompson's, and three of his own. His pen-and-ink drawings have become identified almost exclusively with the Oz series. He did a great deal of magazine and newspaper illustration work which is not as well known today. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, John R. Neill did his first illustration work for the Philadelphia's Central High School newspaper in 1894-95. Neill dropped out\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2451797\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bud Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Bud Neill William \\\"Bud\\\" Neill (5 November 1911–28 August 1970 ) was a Scottish cartoonist who drew cartoon strips for a number of Glasgow based newspapers between the 1940s and 1960s. Following his death, his work has attained cult status with a worldwide following. Born as William Neill in Partick, he moved with his family shortly thereafter to Troon in Ayrshire. (He is not to be confused with William Neill, the poet, also from Ayrshire originally). Growing up there, the young Neill would spend his Saturdays at the local cinema, and was particularly enthralled by the adventures of silent movie\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7544743\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James C. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"the men were stationed at Fort Decatur, where the remnants of the defeated Creek Nation came to surrender, seeking food and supplies (surrendering Creeks also went to Fort Jackson). One company, under Captain Abner Pearce, was stationed at Fort Montgomery. Woodfolk was a wealthy land speculator who owned a large plantation in Jackson County. In addition to potentially sharing time with Davy Crockett, during this military service James Clinton Neill may well have also met his future Texas Revolution commander, Sam Houston. By at least 1820, J.C. Neill had moved his family to Greene County, Alabama. He served in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5478517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Morgyn Neill\",\n \"text\": \"to continue his development, Livingston allowed Neill on 12 January 2017 after making 40 appearances both championship and league 1 , to move on loan to fellow Scottish League One side Stranraer for the duration of the 2016–17 season. After returning from his loan spell, Neill was released by Livingston in May 2017, subsequently signing a permanent contract with Stranraer going on to being a key player making 59 appearances in a season and a half . Neill left Stranraer after a season, joining Scottish League One rivals Stenhousemuir in May 2018. Morgyn Neill Morgyn Neill (born 10 March 1996)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19182399\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bud Neill\",\n \"text\": \"give more examples of Neill's quirky humour and fine touch with pen and lamp-black ink. Bud Neill William \\\"Bud\\\" Neill (5 November 1911–28 August 1970 ) was a Scottish cartoonist who drew cartoon strips for a number of Glasgow based newspapers between the 1940s and 1960s. Following his death, his work has attained cult status with a worldwide following. Born as William Neill in Partick, he moved with his family shortly thereafter to Troon in Ayrshire. (He is not to be confused with William Neill, the poet, also from Ayrshire originally). Growing up there, the young Neill would spend his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7544759\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"big international role, as Damien Thorn, son of the devil, in \\\"\\\"; also in that year, he played an outstanding main role in Andrzej Żuławski's cult film, \\\"Possession\\\". Later, he was one of the leading candidates to succeed Roger Moore in the role of James Bond, but lost out to Timothy Dalton. Among his many Australian roles is playing Michael Chamberlain in \\\"Evil Angels\\\" (1988) (released as \\\"A Cry in the Dark\\\" outside of Australia and New Zealand), a film about the case of Azaria Chamberlain. Neill has played heroes and occasionally villains in a succession of film and television\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936942\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"The Magic Pudding\\\". In 2001, he hosted and narrated a documentary series for the BBC entitled \\\"Space\\\" (\\\"Hyperspace\\\" in the United States). He portrayed the eponymous wizard in \\\"Merlin\\\" (1998), a miniseries based on the legends of King Arthur. He reprised his role in the sequel, \\\"Merlin's Apprentice\\\" (2006). Neill starred in the historical drama \\\"The Tudors\\\", playing Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. \\\"I have to say I really enjoyed making \\\"The Tudors\\\"\\\", he said, \\\"It was six months with a character that I found immensely intriguing, with a cast that I liked very much and with a story I found\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936945\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jay Wesley Neill\",\n \"text\": \"quivered and he complained of being dizzy before asking, \\\"Are they starting?\\\", then he prayed until he became unconscious, and Neill was pronounced dead at 6:18 p.m. Jay Wesley Neill was the 54th person executed by the state of Oklahoma since resuming executions in 1990. Jay Wesley Neill Jay Wesley Neill (April 9, 1965 – December 12, 2002) was an American mass murderer, who on December 14, 1984, killed 4 people during a bank robbery in Geronimo, Oklahoma. Neill was convicted and sentenced to death, and was executed in 2002. Jay Wesley Neill was born on April 9, 1965, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5980939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Queenstown and owns a winery called Two Paddocks, consisting of a vineyard at Gibbston and two near Alexandra, all in the Central Otago region of New Zealand's South Island. His avocation is running Two Paddocks. \\\"I'd like the vineyard to support me but I'm afraid it is the other way round. It is not a very economic business\\\", said Neill, \\\"It is a ridiculously time- and money-consuming business. I would not do it if it was not so satisfying and fun, and it gets me pissed once in a while.\\\" He enjoys sharing his exploits on the farm through social\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill Barry\",\n \"text\": \"Neill Barry Neill Barry (born November 29, 1965) is an American film, television and stage actor, as well as an occasional screenwriter. Films in which he has acted have grossed collectively over $90,000,000. Barry was born in New York City, New York. He made his acting debut at the age of thirteen in Martin Davidson's film \\\"Hero at Large\\\". He co-wrote and starred in the independent film \\\"Friends & Lovers\\\", which also starred Robert Downey Jr., Claudia Schiffer and Stephen Baldwin. Barry portrays Philip Rearden in \\\"Atlas Shrugged\\\" (2011), the film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel of the same name.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13845680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill Barry\",\n \"text\": \"Neill Barry Neill Barry (born November 29, 1965) is an American film, television and stage actor, as well as an occasional screenwriter. Films in which he has acted have grossed collectively over $90,000,000. Barry was born in New York City, New York. He made his acting debut at the age of thirteen in Martin Davidson's film \\\"Hero at Large\\\". He co-wrote and starred in the independent film \\\"Friends & Lovers\\\", which also starred Robert Downey Jr., Claudia Schiffer and Stephen Baldwin. Barry portrays Philip Rearden in \\\"Atlas Shrugged\\\" (2011), the film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel of the same name.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13845679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wilfred T. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"1949, he joined E. Ross Allen's Reptile Institute in Silver Springs, Florida, as Research Director. Neill was the first to describe the Everglades rat snake (\\\"Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni\\\", a subspecies of \\\"Elaphe obsoleta\\\", 1949), the Gulf hammock dwarf siren (\\\"Pseudobranchus striatus lustricolus\\\", a subspecies of \\\"Pseudobranchus striatus\\\", 1951), the one-toed amphiuma (\\\"Amphiuma pholeter\\\", 1964), and the southern Florida rainbow snake (\\\"Farancia erytrogramma seminola\\\", a subspecies of \\\"Farancia erytrogramma\\\", 1964). In 1966, herpetologist Sam Rountree Telford, Jr. honored Neill by giving his name to a newly described subspecies of the Florida crowned snake (\\\"Tantilla relicta\\\"), naming it \\\"Tantilla relicta neilli\\\". Similarly,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11799384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen\",\n \"text\": \"a Life Peer as Baron Neill of Bladen, of Briantspuddle in the County of Dorset, on 28 November 1997. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher until 18 May 2016, at which point he ceased to be a member pursuant to section 2 of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, having failed to attend during the whole of the 2015–16 session without being on leave of absence. Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen Francis Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen, QC (8 August 1926 – 28 May 2016) was a British barrister and cross bench member\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2799505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill Austin\",\n \"text\": \"electorate from 1978 to 1987, when he retired and was replaced by John Carter. In the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours, Austin was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for public services. He died on 24 June 2008. Neill Austin Howard Neill Austin, (12 December 1924 – 24 June 2008), known as Neill Austin, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He held many positions with Federated Farmers. Austin was born in 1924 in Rawene, a town on the south side of the Hokianga harbour. His father was William Neill Austin. He received his education\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11807602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Neill\",\n \"text\": \"George Neill George Neill (1872–1905) was an English association footballer who played as a defender. Born in Poplar, London, Neill spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neill was club captain. He was described as a \\\"very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank\\\". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under \\\"electric light\\\", at Hermit Road against West Bromwich Albion in March 1896.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18365645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill Austin\",\n \"text\": \"Neill Austin Howard Neill Austin, (12 December 1924 – 24 June 2008), known as Neill Austin, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He held many positions with Federated Farmers. Austin was born in 1924 in Rawene, a town on the south side of the Hokianga harbour. His father was William Neill Austin. He received his education at Okaihau District High School (now Okaihau College). In 1946, he married Violet Mudgway, the daughter of Herbert Lewis Mudgway; the couple were to have three daughters. Austin was a member of the Umawera School committee from 1956 to 1962. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11807600\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Quentin Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Quentin Neill Quentin Durward Neill (16 April 1866 – 9 August 1901) was a Scottish footballer who made 59 appearances in the Football League for Lincoln City. He played as a right back. Before moving to England he played for Queen's Park in Scotland. Neill was born in Glasgow, he was younger brother to Robert W. Neill who went on to captain Scotland in 1880. He played football for Queen's Park before moving to England where he joined Lincoln City. He made his debut in December 1888 in the Combination, and played regularly over the next six years as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17161485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Roy William Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Roy William Neill Roy William Neill (4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for directing the last eleven of the fourteen Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Studios. With his father as the captain, Roy William Neill was born on a ship off the coast of Ireland. His birth name was Roland de Gostrie. Neill began directing silent films in 1917 and went on to helm 107 films, 40 of them silent. Although most of Neill's films were low-budget B-movies,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6487413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Noel Neill\",\n \"text\": \"another relative of the main character: Neill appeared in the 1978 Superman feature film, the 1980s TV series \\\"Superboy\\\" and the 2006 film \\\"Superman Returns\\\". Noel Darleen Neill was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the daughter of journalist David Holland Neill and stage dancer Lavere Gorsboth. When she was 4 years old, her parents enrolled her at \\\"a school for aspiring performers.\\\" During her teen years, Neill \\\"danced, sang and even played the banjo at county fairs throughout the midwest.\\\" When she graduated from high school in 1938, her first job was writing articles for \\\"Women's Wear Daily\\\". In her teens,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5336846\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Neill (Accenture)\",\n \"text\": \"Terry Neill (Accenture) Terry Neill (born about 1945) is a former chairman of Andersen Worldwide (now Accenture). Between 1970 and 2001, Neill worked at Arthur Andersen and its successors Andersen Worldwide and Accenture in Dublin, London and Chicago. Neill was a non-executive director of CRH plc and Bank of Ireland Group from 2004. In September 2009, Neill became a member of the Board of United Business Media (UBM) plc. Neill and his wife Marjorie met as undergraduates at Trinity College Dublin, where he obtained his M.A. He received his MBA (then an M. Sc. (Econ)) from London Business School in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17758262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill Blomkamp\",\n \"text\": \"Neill Blomkamp Neill Blomkamp (; born 17 September 1979) is a South African-born Canadian film director, producer, screenwriter, and animator. Blomkamp employs a documentary-style, hand-held, cinéma vérité technique, blending naturalistic and photo-realistic computer-generated effects. He is best known as the co-writer and director of the critically acclaimed and financially successful science fiction film \\\"District 9\\\", for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He directed the dystopian science fiction film \\\"Elysium\\\", which garnered moderately positive reviews and a good box office return. He is known for his collaborations with South African actor Sharlto Copley. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7657602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Neill\",\n \"text\": \"shows including \\\"Minder\\\". In 2004 he was inducted into the Scottish Boxing Hall of Fame. Bobby Neill Bobby Neill (born 10 October 1933) is a Scottish former boxer who was British featherweight champion between 1959 and 1960, and later had success as a trainer. Born in Edinburgh, the son of a bookmaker, Neill attended Trinity Academy and boxed out of the Sparta Amateur Boxing Club, representing Scotland at amateur level despite suffering serious injuries in a car crash. He made his professional debut in May 1955 with a second round stoppage of Denny Dennis. He won his first 15 fights,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19400755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lily Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Lily Neill Lily Neill is an American-born harp player who specialises in traditional Irish music and related folk music traditions. She is recognised for her solo performances as well as for her collaborations with artists in genres outside the realm of folk music. Neill was born in Maryland, United States and started playing the harp at the age of nine, after taking several years of piano lessons. She gave her first professional public performance the following year, earning many awards at harp competitions in the USA including the U.S. National Scottish harp competition where she was undefeated. She also earned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12104926\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jay Wesley Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Jay Wesley Neill Jay Wesley Neill (April 9, 1965 – December 12, 2002) was an American mass murderer, who on December 14, 1984, killed 4 people during a bank robbery in Geronimo, Oklahoma. Neill was convicted and sentenced to death, and was executed in 2002. Jay Wesley Neill was born on April 9, 1965, and at 18-years-old he joined the United States Army in 1983. Neill met Robert Grady Johnson in February 1984 at a bar, and the two became romantically involved. He was discharged from the military in the summer of 1984 after disclosing that he was homosexual, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5980930\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen Francis Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen, QC (8 August 1926 – 28 May 2016) was a British barrister and cross bench member of the House of Lords. A son of Sir Thomas Neill, Patrick Neill was educated at Highgate School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He became a barrister in 1951 and took silk in 1966. After heading One Hare Court, he became head of chambers of Serle Court, in Lincoln's Inn when the two merged in 1999. Lord Neill left Serle Court in 2008 to join his elder brother Sir Brian Neill, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2799503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Holly Neill\",\n \"text\": \"her other two events. She again entered the IWAS World Junior Championships, this time held in Dubai. There she took silver in the discus and retained her shot put title. 2011 also saw Neill enter the Paralympic World Cup in Manchester where she came fourth in the shot. Although not part of Team GB in the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Neill was selected for the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, selected in the discus. There she threw 21.54m, below her personal best, to win the bronze medal. Holly Neill Holly Neill (born 6 April 1989) is a parasport track\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449250\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Neill\",\n \"text\": \"the NFL, but he opted for a veterinary career and left football prior to the 2002 NFL Draft. Neill currently holds the following records at the University of Nevada: 1. Total offense in a single game: 582. 2. Total yards thrown in a single game: 611. 3. Career passing yards: 10,901. 4. Passing attempts in a career: 1374. Neill attended high school at Hart High School in Newhall, California, where he played both football and basketball. David Neill David Neill (born July 17, 1980) was an American college football quarterback for the University of Nevada from 1998 to 2001. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9634995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ryan Neill\",\n \"text\": \"the St. Louis Rams signed Neill to handle those duties for the remainder of the season. Neill signed with the San Diego Chargers on September 17, 2010, but unfortunately, he suffered a leg fracture September 26, 2010 playing the Seattle Seahawks. He finished the 2010 season on injured reserve. Ryan Neill Ryan Neill (born December 12, 1982 in Wayne, New Jersey) is a former American football defensive end and long snapper. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He grew up in Wayne, New Jersey and played college football at Rutgers. In the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10569026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Neill\",\n \"text\": \"in 2001's \\\"Jurassic Park III\\\". Neill's other notable films include \\\"The Hunt for Red October\\\" (1990), \\\"Sirens\\\"; \\\"In the Mouth of Madness\\\"; \\\"The Jungle Book\\\" (all 1994), \\\"\\\", \\\"Event Horizon\\\" (both 1997), \\\"The Horse Whisperer\\\" (1998), \\\"Bicentennial Man\\\" (1999), \\\"The Dish\\\" (2000), \\\"Yes\\\", \\\"Wimbledon\\\" (both 2004), \\\"Daybreakers\\\" (2009), \\\"\\\" (2010), \\\"The Hunter\\\" (2011), \\\"The Vow\\\" (2012), \\\"Escape Plan\\\" (2013), \\\"The Daughter\\\" (2015), \\\"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\\\" (2016), \\\"\\\" (2017), \\\"The Commuter\\\", and \\\"Peter Rabbit\\\" (both 2018). Outside of film, Neill has appeared in numerous television series, such as \\\"Reilly, Ace of Spies\\\" (1983), \\\"Merlin\\\" (1998), \\\"The Tudors\\\" (2007), \\\"Crusoe\\\" (2008–10),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12936937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lucas Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Lucas Neill Lucas Edward Neill (born 9 March 1978) is an Australian former footballer. Neill played as a defender, often playing as a centre back as well as a full back. Neill spent almost 15 years of his career playing in England. He represented Australia at the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, and also the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar. On 6 October 2006 he was named the 50th captain of the Australian national team, and by the time of his retirement, had amassed a record 61\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4365211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bobby Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Bobby Neill Bobby Neill (born 10 October 1933) is a Scottish former boxer who was British featherweight champion between 1959 and 1960, and later had success as a trainer. Born in Edinburgh, the son of a bookmaker, Neill attended Trinity Academy and boxed out of the Sparta Amateur Boxing Club, representing Scotland at amateur level despite suffering serious injuries in a car crash. He made his professional debut in May 1955 with a second round stoppage of Denny Dennis. He won his first 15 fights, including an eighth round stoppage of Matt Fulton in September 1956 to take the vacant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19400751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas H. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"beginning in 1879, when he became a colonel. He also was commandant of cadets at West Point for four years. Neill served in Texas before retiring on disability in 1883. Neill died in Philadelphia on March 12, 1885. He is buried at West Point. Thomas H. Neill Thomas Hewson Neill, a native of Pennsylvania, became a general in the American Civil War, serving in the Army of the Potomac in some of its most important campaigns. Neill was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 9, 1826. Educated in local schools, he attended the University of Pennsylvania before transferring to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12069577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Neill (footballer)\",\n \"text\": \"2006–07 Scottish First Division play-offs. Neill was released from his Hearts' contract on in August 2007 and joined Queen's Park in February 2008, becoming manager Gardner Spiers first signing for the club. He then moved to East Stirlingshire before joining Clyde in July 2011. Neill was top goalscorer in his first season, earning a new one-year contract, but left for Junior side Irvine Meadow on loan in February 2013. John Neill (footballer) John Neill (born 17 August 1987) is a Scottish professional footballer. A combative & creative central midfielder, Neill started his senior career with Hearts, whom he joined from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8815870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Born\",\n \"text\": \"Sam Born Sam Born (September 10, 1891 – March 23, 1959) was an American businessman, candy-maker and inventor. Born to a Jewish family in Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Born, under his original name - Samuel Bernstein - emigrated to the United States in December 1909; he sailed on the S/S \\\"Merion\\\" from Liverpool, England, to Philadelphia; on the ship's passenger list, his occupation was listed as \\\"candy maker\\\". In 1916, Sam Born was awarded the \\\"key to the city\\\" of San Francisco for inventing a machine that mechanically inserted sticks into lollipops. In 1923 in New York City he founded Just Born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14136494\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Noel Neill\",\n \"text\": \"of Lois Lane. The Lois Lane statue is modeled on Noel Neill. Neill stated that she was honored to be memorialized with the statue. In 2003, writer Larry Ward wrote an authorized biography of Neill, \\\"Truth, Justice, & The American Way: The Life And Times Of Noel Neill, The Original Lois Lane\\\". A limited-edition, expanded version of the book was released in 2006. In 2007, Ward wrote another book on Neill, \\\"Beyond Lois Lane\\\", which focused on the actresses' other acting and modeling work. In 2004, Neill received a Golden Boot Award for her work in Western films. In 1943,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5336853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. S. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"A. S. Neill Alexander Sutherland Neill (17 October 1883 – 23 September 1973) was a Scottish educator and author known for his school, Summerhill, and its philosophies of freedom from adult coercion and community self-governance. Neill was raised in Scotland, where he was a poor student but became a schoolteacher. He taught in several schools across the country before attending the University of Edinburgh from 1908 to 1912. He took two jobs in journalism before World War I, and taught at Gretna Green Village School during the first year of the war, writing his first book, \\\"A Dominie's Log\\\" (1915),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2875709\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sam Born\",\n \"text\": \"company, a candy manufacturer that still manufactures Peeps, Mike and Ike, and Hot Tamales. In 1932, he relocated the firm to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, from its former Brooklyn location. In March 1959, Samuel H. Born died on board the Cunard liner, \\\"Britannic\\\", while it was at sea, having departed from Lisbon, Portugal en route to Southampton, England. He and his wife were on the last lap of a 14,000 mile world cruise, according to his obituary which appeared in \\\"The Morning Call\\\", an Allentown, Pennsylvania newspaper, on March 24, 1959. Sam Born Sam Born (September 10, 1891 – March 23, 1959)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14136495\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Neill (insurance executive)\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Neill (insurance executive) Sir Thomas Neill (January 1856–31 May 1937) was an Irish-born insurance executive and pioneer of National Health Insurance in the United Kingdom. Neill was born in Cookstown, County Tyrone, the son of a land agent. He first became a railway booking clerk,and then an insurance agent in Ballymena. In 1894 he became general manager of the London, Edinburgh and Glasgow Insurance Company and joined the board of directors of the Pearl Insurance Company when it took over the former company in 1910. When the National Health Insurance scheme came into force in 1911, Neill was appointed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12341896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill Gorton\",\n \"text\": \"villains and monsters, including the modern update of Davros. He won the BAFTA Awards four times with six nominations and won the RTS Awards two times with five nominations. He was nominated one time for the OFTA awards. Gorton and Rob Mayor are the directors of the company Millennium FX, which is focused on cutting edge prosthetics, animatronics, and special make-up FX. He is also the director of Gorton Studio, which offers courses for trainees up to professionals in screen prosthetics. He is also a visiting professor at the University of Bolton. Neill Gorton Neill Gorton (born 6 September 1969)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18338508\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ivan Neill (priest)\",\n \"text\": \"Ivan Neill (priest) Ivan Delacherois Neill CB OBE (10 July 1912 – 18 June 2001) was an Anglican priest and British Army officer. He served as a military chaplain during World War II and served as Chaplain General from 1960 to 1966 and as Chaplain to the Queen. After leaving the army, he was Provost of Sheffield Cathedral. Neill was born on 10 July 1912 at the Templeharry rectory in County Tipperary, Ireland. His father, the Rev. Robert Richard Neill, was a Church of Ireland minister who was later the Rector of Tooting Graveney. He spent his early childhood in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15706881\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Kerby Neill\",\n \"text\": \"April 26, 1942, the same day it adopted its Constitution and By-Laws. Dr. Neill died Aug. 21, 1996 at a nursing home in Elk Grove Village, Ill. James Kerby Neill James Kerby Neill (1906 - 21 August 1996) was professor emeritus of English at The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., He was an author and researcher with a Ph.D. in Shakespearean studies He was born in 1906 to Charles Patrick Neill (b. 1865 in Rock Island, IL) and Esther A. Waggaman (b. 1874 in Washington, D.C.), married Julia Day Stewart (b. 1913). He was a graduate of Georgetown Preparatory\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16125888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Neill (poet)\",\n \"text\": \"William Neill (poet) William Neill (22 February 1922 – 5 April 2010) was an Ayrshire-born poet who wrote in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, Scots and English. He was a major contributing voice to the Scottish Renaissance. Neill was born in Prestwick, Ayrshire and educated at Ayr Academy. After service in the RAF, he studied at the University of Edinburgh and graduated with an Honours degree in Celtic studies. He was a frequent contributor to \\\"Catalyst\\\" and \\\"Gairm\\\" magazines and subsequently became the second editor of \\\"Catalyst\\\". As a young writer, he studied the poets of the Scottish Renaissance, and viewed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6607189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles P. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Charles P. Neill Charles Patrick Neill (December 12, 1865 – October 3, 1942) was an American civil servant who raised in Austin, Texas after his family emigrated from Ireland in 1850. Neill graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1897 with a doctorate in economics and politics. He was appointed the United States Commissioner of Labor in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt. As Commissioner of Labor he helped inspect the Meat Packing industries, and reported women and child labor injustices. He also mediated labor disputes between workers and employers in the coal, railroad, and steel corporations. Charles P. Neill was born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12077675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hugh Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Engineers and had reached the rank of Lieutenant colonel by end of the war. In addition to his business interests, he was a public servant. He served as High Sheriff of Hallamshire from 1972 to 1973, and as Lord Lieutenant of South Yorkshire from 1985 to 1996. In 1958, like his father and both his grandfathers, he was Master Cutler for the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire. Neill was born on 29 March 1921 in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. He was the eldest son of Colonel Sir Frederick Neill and his wife Winifred Margaret Neill (née Colver). He was educated at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20471041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill F. Marriott\",\n \"text\": \"on sexual orientation, while also addressing the need for protection of religious liberty. Marriott also was one of the church's representatives at a meeting announcing a bill incorporating these principles being introduced to the Utah legislature in March 2015. Neill F. Marriott Neill Foote Marriott (born October 16, 1947) was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Young Women organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2013 to 2018. Neill Foote was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. She has a degree in English literature from Southern Methodist University and later worked as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17850971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill F. Marriott\",\n \"text\": \"Neill F. Marriott Neill Foote Marriott (born October 16, 1947) was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Young Women organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2013 to 2018. Neill Foote was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. She has a degree in English literature from Southern Methodist University and later worked as a secretary at Harvard University. While at Harvard, she met David Marriott, who introduced her to the LDS Church. She was baptized into the LDS Church and about a year later began dating Marriott. They were married in the Salt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17850969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Neill Malcolm\",\n \"text\": \"dog on a bone. \\\"Stabbed in the back?\\\" he repeated. \\\"Yes, that's it, exactly, we were stabbed in the back.\\\" And thus was born a legend which has never entirely perished. In retirement he was President of the North Borneo Chartered Company from 1926 to 1946 and High Commissioner for German refugees from 1936 to 1938. In May 1907 he married his cousin, Angela Malcolm; they had a daughter and two sons. Neill Malcolm Major-General Sir Neill Malcolm, KCB, DSO (8 October 1869 – 21 December 1953) was a British Army officer who served as Chief of Staff to Fifth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15908769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Neill\",\n \"text\": \"John Neill John Robert Winder Neill (born 17 December 1945) was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin until the end of January 2011. The fourth generation of his family to become a clergyman, John Neill was educated in Dublin at the Avoca School and at Sandford Park. He attended the University of Dublin (Trinity College), Jesus College and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He became a deacon in 1969, a priest in 1970, and a bishop in 1986. At the Lambeth Conference in 1988 he proposed all the approved resolutions in respect of Women in the Episcopate and was chairman of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8200257\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wilfred T. Neill\",\n \"text\": \"Wilfred T. Neill Wilfred T. Neill (1922–2001) was an American herpetologist and author. His name survives in the scientific names of the central Florida crowned snake, \\\"Tantilla relicta neilli\\\", and a Central American snail-eating snake, \\\"Sibon sanniolus neilli\\\". Wilfred Trammell Neill, Jr., was born in Augusta, Georgia, on January 12, 1922. He graduated at the age of 19 with a B.S. from the University of Georgia. He served in the Army Air Force in the South Pacific during World War II. After the war, Neill taught Biology and Zoology in Augusta, Georgia, at Richmond Academy and Augusta Junior College. In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11799383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James George Smith Neill\",\n \"text\": \"in the Andamans was named after him, as a mark of honour and now Neill Island (or Neil Island). James George Smith Neill James George Smith Neill (27 May 1810 – 25 September 1857) was a Scottish military officer of the East India Company, who served during the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was infamous for the indiscriminate killing of native Indians during the uprising following the Bibighar massacre. His father was Colonel Neill. Neill was born at Swindridgemuir, near Dalry, Scotland and educated at the University of Glasgow. Entering the service of the British East India Company in 1827,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6394996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marshall Allen Neill\",\n \"text\": \"States Senate on August 2, 1972, and received his commission on August 9, 1972. He served as Chief Judge from 1973 to 1979. Neill served in that capacity until his death on October 6, 1979. Marshall Allen Neill Marshall Allen Neill (August 23, 1914 – October 6, 1979) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington. Born in Pullman, Washington, Neill received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Washington State University in 1935 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Idaho College of Law in 1938. He was in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13105651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Neill (Liverpool)\",\n \"text\": \"Terry Neill (Liverpool) Terry Neill (born about 1941 in Liverpool) is a racehorse owner and former Liverpool FC shareholder. He hails from the Queen's Drive area of Liverpool, but by 2001 was living at Chalfont St Giles in Buckinghamshire. Neill left Bowaters to set up his own packaging and plastics business, exploited the new trend for own-branding by supermarkets and then sold out in 1995, when the annual turnover had reached £15m, to become a venture capitalist. Neill has had racehorses in training with Martin Pipe, Michael Bell and Richard Hannon, Sr.. His best horse was probably Gloria Victis, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17758208\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["the norn iron","irland du nord","irlanda del norte","norrn iron","geography of northern ireland","north ireland","northern ireland","governance of northern ireland","ireland (northern ireland)","the north of ireland","n. ireland","northern ireland, uk","the northern ireland","6 counties","n ireland","ulster (uk)","six counties","northeast of ireland","north ireland","northern ireland assembly and executive","nothern irish","tuaisceart eireann","north of ireland","nothern ireland","na sé contaethe","norlin airlan","northern irish","northern irish politics","northern ireland, united kingdom","norn iron","norlin airlann","northern ireland (uk)","norn iron","na se contaethe","northern ireland assembly and executive","norn irn","northern ireland's national anthem","national anthem of northern ireland","ulster (occupied)","communications in northern ireland","norn ireland","ireland (north)","the occupied 6 counties","northern ireland","tuaisceart éireann","north of ireland"],"string":"[\n \"the norn iron\",\n \"irland du nord\",\n \"irlanda del norte\",\n \"norrn iron\",\n \"geography of northern ireland\",\n \"north ireland\",\n \"northern ireland\",\n \"governance of northern ireland\",\n \"ireland (northern ireland)\",\n \"the north of ireland\",\n \"n. ireland\",\n \"northern ireland, uk\",\n \"the northern ireland\",\n \"6 counties\",\n \"n ireland\",\n \"ulster (uk)\",\n \"six counties\",\n \"northeast of ireland\",\n \"north ireland\",\n \"northern ireland assembly and executive\",\n \"nothern irish\",\n \"tuaisceart eireann\",\n \"north of ireland\",\n \"nothern ireland\",\n \"na sé contaethe\",\n \"norlin airlan\",\n \"northern irish\",\n \"northern irish politics\",\n \"northern ireland, united kingdom\",\n \"norn iron\",\n \"norlin airlann\",\n \"northern ireland (uk)\",\n \"norn iron\",\n \"na se contaethe\",\n \"northern ireland assembly and executive\",\n \"norn irn\",\n \"northern ireland's national anthem\",\n \"national anthem of northern ireland\",\n \"ulster (occupied)\",\n \"communications in northern ireland\",\n \"norn ireland\",\n \"ireland (north)\",\n \"the occupied 6 counties\",\n \"northern ireland\",\n \"tuaisceart éireann\",\n \"north of ireland\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":585,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was the official occupation of sir anthony blunt who was unmasked as a soviet spy in 1979?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"Maclean to the Soviet Union. Anthony Blunt Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO, from 1956 to 1979, was a leading British art historian who in 1964, after being offered immunity from prosecution, confessed to having been a Soviet spy. Blunt had been a member of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. His confession, a closely held secret for many years, was revealed publicly by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in November 1979. He","psg_id":"2196739"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"Maclean to the Soviet Union. Anthony Blunt Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO, from 1956 to 1979, was a leading British art historian who in 1964, after being offered immunity from prosecution, confessed to having been a Soviet spy. Blunt had been a member of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. His confession, a closely held secret for many years, was revealed publicly by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in November 1979. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196739\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Prime Minister Was a Spy","text":"The Prime Minister Was a Spy The Prime Minister Was a Spy is a 1983 book by British writer Anthony Grey. The book's premise is that Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 to 1967, was a lifelong spy for the Chinese government, under both the Nationalist and Communist regimes. Its most famous claim is that Holt faked his own death – rather than drowning, he boarded a Chinese submarine stationed off the Australian coast and lived the rest of his life in Beijing. The book was widely ridiculed upon its release, and has been identified as containing numerous","psg_id":"20370051"},{"title":"The Prime Minister Was a Spy","text":"that he had been acting in bad faith. The Prime Minister Was a Spy The Prime Minister Was a Spy is a 1983 book by British writer Anthony Grey. The book's premise is that Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 to 1967, was a lifelong spy for the Chinese government, under both the Nationalist and Communist regimes. Its most famous claim is that Holt faked his own death – rather than drowning, he boarded a Chinese submarine stationed off the Australian coast and lived the rest of his life in Beijing. The book was widely ridiculed upon its","psg_id":"20370057"},{"title":"Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild","text":"she told Rothschild that she thought that Tomás Harris and Kim Philby were Soviet spies. When Anthony Blunt was unmasked as a member of the Cambridge Spy ring in 1964, Rothschild was questioned by Special Branch (though Blunt was not publicly identified as a Soviet agent until 1979 in the House of Commons by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher). Rothschild was cleared, and continued working on projects for the British government. Rothschild was head of the Central Policy Review Staff from 1971 to 1974 (known popularly as \"The Think Tank\") a staff which researched policy specifically for the Government until Margaret","psg_id":"2305143"},{"title":"Louis Heren","text":"running a newspaper in the 1970s, he nurtured many notable talents, including Robert Fisk, Peter Hennessy and Paul Vallely. With his independent, earthy and instinctual style, he was't always happy within the confines of the editorial offices. In 1979, he oversaw the joint interviews, in \"The Times\" boardroom, with Sir Anthony Blunt after he was unmasked as the Fifth Man in the Cambridge Soviet spy ring. Heren drew fierce criticism from some newspapers after it became known he had asked for kippers to be brought in from a nearby smokehouse for Blunt's lunch. When Rupert Murdoch acquired the paper, Heren","psg_id":"10152051"},{"title":"Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet","text":"who was much later revealed to be a Soviet spy, which led to suspicions that Rumbold might have been the so-called \"Fifth Man\" in the spy ring which included Maclean. In 1974 Sir Anthony and Lady Rumbold were divorced and he married Mrs Pauline Graham, whose first husband had been the anthropologist and ethnographer Julian Pitt-Rivers. They had no children; she died in 2008. Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet (7 March 1911 – 4 December 1983) was a British diplomat, ambassador to Thailand and Austria. Horace Anthony Claude Rumbold, son of Sir Horace Rumbold, 9th","psg_id":"16579937"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"with tax remission) and is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. There are numerous versions of how Blunt was recruited to the NKVD. As a Cambridge don, Blunt visited the Soviet Union in 1933, and was possibly recruited in 1934. In a press conference, Blunt claimed that Guy Burgess recruited him as a spy. Many sources suggest that Blunt remained at Cambridge and served as a talent-spotter. He may have identified Burgess, Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, John Cairncross and Michael Straight – all undergraduates at Trinity College (except Maclean at the neighbouring Trinity Hall), a few years younger than he –","psg_id":"2196704"},{"title":"I Was a Spy","text":"I Was a Spy I Was a Spy is a 1933 British thriller film directed by Victor Saville and starring Madeleine Carroll, Herbert Marshall, and Conrad Veidt. Based on the 1932 memoir \"I Was a Spy\" by Marthe Cnockaert, the film is about a Belgian woman who nurses injured German soldiers during World War I while passing intelligence to the British. \"I Was a Spy\" was also the first film dubbed in Poland (while there were earlier examples of films dubbed in Polish, they were recorded in Paramount studio in Joinville, France), released in 1935 as \"Siostra Marta jest szpiegiem\",","psg_id":"14424767"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"The Catcher Was a Spy The Catcher Was a Spy: The Mysterious Life of Moe Berg is a 1994 biography written by Nicholas Dawidoff about a major league baseball player who also worked for the Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Moe Berg, the subject of the book, was an enigmatic person who hid much of his private life from those who knew him and who spent his later decades as a jobless drifter living off the good will of friends and relatives. The book spent seven weeks on The New York Times Best Seller","psg_id":"17458421"},{"title":"I Was a Spy","text":"successful at the box office, this was not Saville's reaction. He watched the completed \"I Was a Spy\" with one of the Assistant Directors Herbert Mason and was devastated however Mason reassured him that it was his \"best to date.\" \"I Was a Spy\" was released on DVD on 19 May 2014. I Was a Spy I Was a Spy is a 1933 British thriller film directed by Victor Saville and starring Madeleine Carroll, Herbert Marshall, and Conrad Veidt. Based on the 1932 memoir \"I Was a Spy\" by Marthe Cnockaert, the film is about a Belgian woman who nurses","psg_id":"14424769"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"it was announced that American actor Paul Rudd will portray Berg in the upcoming biographical film \"The Catcher Was a Spy\". The film is directed by Ben Lewin and received its world premiere on January 19, 2018, at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. The Catcher Was a Spy The Catcher Was a Spy: The Mysterious Life of Moe Berg is a 1994 biography written by Nicholas Dawidoff about a major league baseball player who also worked for the Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Moe Berg, the subject of the book, was an enigmatic person","psg_id":"17458443"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"his public exposure. In 1948, demobilised army officer Philip Hay attended an interview at Buckingham Palace for the post of private secretary to the Dowager Duchess of Kent. After passing Blunt in a corridor, Sir Alan Lascelles, the King's private secretary, told Hay: \"That's our Russian spy.\" According to MI5 papers released in 2002, Moura Budberg, known as the Russian Mata Hari and suspected of being a double agent, reported in 1950 that Blunt was a member of the Communist Party, but this was ignored. According to Blunt himself, he never joined because Burgess persuaded him that he would be","psg_id":"2196711"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"to Anthony Blunt on his 60th Birthday\", Phaidon 1967 (introduction by Ellis Waterhouse), contains a full list of his writings up to 1966. Major works include: Important articles after 1966: \"A Question of Attribution\" is a play written by Alan Bennett about Blunt, covering the weeks before his public exposure as a spy, and his relationship with Queen Elizabeth II. After a successful run in London's West End, it was made into a television play directed by John Schlesinger and starring James Fox, Prunella Scales and Geoffrey Palmer. It was aired on the BBC in 1991. This play was seen","psg_id":"2196736"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)","text":"The Catcher Was a Spy (film) The Catcher Was a Spy is a 2018 American biographical spy film directed by Ben Lewin and written by Robert Rodat, based on the book of the same name by Nicholas Dawidoff. It stars Paul Rudd as Moe Berg, a former baseball player who joined the war effort during World War II and partook in espionage for the U.S. Government. Mark Strong, Sienna Miller, Jeff Daniels, Tom Wilkinson, Giancarlo Giannini, Hiroyuki Sanada, Guy Pearce and Paul Giamatti also star. The film premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival and was released on June 22,","psg_id":"19483432"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"Blunt. In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher revealed Blunt's wartime role, firstly on Thursday 15 November 1979, and in more detail on 21 November. Sir Bernard Ingham, Thatcher's press secretary, suggested, \"I believe she did it because she didn't see why the system should cover things up. This was early in her prime ministership. I think she wanted to tell the civil service that the politicians decide policy, not the system. She wanted them to know who was boss.\" In a statement to the newsmedia on 20 November, Blunt claimed the decision to","psg_id":"2196719"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"\"Anthony\". Although Blunt was outwardly calm, the sudden exposure shocked him. His former pupil, art critic Brian Sewell, said at the time, \"He was so businesslike about it; he considered the implications for his knighthood and academic honours and what should be resigned and what retained. What he didn't want was a great debate at his clubs, the Athenaeum and the Travellers. He was incredibly calm about it all.\" Sewell was involved in protecting Blunt from the extensive media attention after his exposure, and his friend was spirited away to a flat within a house in Chiswick. Queen Elizabeth II","psg_id":"2196721"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"his hosts, never contradicted by their guest, that he continued to be a spy. He wasn't. Dawidoff describes a lonely soul who could bear only infrequent intimacy-he had a few serious relationships with women, and no close male friends ... As Dawidoff tracks his elusive subject, it is easy to agree with a bookseller who described Berg as \"a professional liar, a layabout who lived on his brother . . . a self-invented mystery, a charming chap, but an outright fraud. The mystery is that there is no mystery.\" Not all critics were complimentary of Dawidoff's treatment of Berg, who","psg_id":"17458440"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)","text":"the film holds an approval rating of 34% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"The Catcher Was a Spy\" loses sight of the most interesting elements of its fact-based story, dropping the ball and leaving likable lead Paul Rudd stranded.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews.\" The Catcher Was a Spy (film) The Catcher Was a Spy is a 2018 American biographical spy film directed by Ben Lewin and written by Robert Rodat, based","psg_id":"19483435"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"Arthur Martin and Jim Skardon had interviewed Blunt 11 times since 1951, but Blunt had admitted nothing. Blunt was greatly distressed by Burgess's flight and, on 28 May 1951, confided in his friend Goronwy Rees, a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, who had briefly supplied the NKVD with political information in 1938–39. Rees suggested that Burgess had gone to the Soviet Union because of his violent anti-Americanism and belief that America would involve Britain in a Third World War, and that he was a Soviet agent. Blunt suggested that this was not sufficient reason to denounce Burgess to MI5.","psg_id":"2196714"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"Berg followed up a career (1923-39) as a pseudo intellectual, third- string catcher by becoming a mediocre WW II spy, and then spent the last 25 years of his life as an unemployed vagabond, living off his charm and his wit and his vast store of friends. The only mystery left at the end of the book is whether to feel pity for Berg as a tragic, unfulfilled genius or irritation with him as a boor who gets more attention than he deserved. The reader is left knowing immeasurably more about Moe Berg, and caring immeasurably less.\" In April 2016,","psg_id":"17458442"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"as potential spies for the Soviets. Blunt said in his public confession that it was Burgess who converted him to the Soviet cause, after both had left Cambridge. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles, and Burgess could have recruited Blunt or vice versa either at Cambridge University or later when both worked for British intelligence. With the invasion of Poland by German and Soviet forces, Blunt joined the British Army in 1939. During the phoney war he served in France in the intelligence corps. When the Wehrmacht drove British forces back to Dunkirk in May 1940, he was evacuated","psg_id":"2196705"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"as a companion to Bennett's 1983 television play about Guy Burgess, \"An Englishman Abroad\". \"Blunt: The Fourth Man\" is a 1985 film starring Ian Richardson, Anthony Hopkins, Michael Williams, and Rosie Kerslake, covering the events of 1951 when Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean went missing. \"The Untouchable\", a 1997 novel by John Banville, is a roman à clef based largely on the life and character of Anthony Blunt; the novel's protagonist, Victor Maskell, is a loosely disguised Blunt, although some elements of the character are based on Louis MacNeice. \"I.M. Anthony Blunt\" is a poem by Gavin Ewart, cleverly attempting","psg_id":"2196737"},{"title":"Soviet occupation of Romania","text":"Soviet occupation of Romania The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania. The fate of the territories held by Romania after 1918 that were incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 is treated separately in the article on Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. During the Eastern Front offensive of 1944, the Soviet Army occupied what had been the Kingdom of Romania prior to the military occupation. The northwestern part of Moldavia was occupied as a result of armed combat that","psg_id":"6654170"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"he was engaged in a dispute with Sir Denis Mahon regarding the authenticity of a Poussin work which rumbled on for several years. Mahon was shown to be correct. Blunt was also unaware that a painting in his own possession was also by Poussin. It has been suggested that Blunt could not accept that Poussin may have produced inferior work. Notable students who have been influenced by Blunt include Aaron Scharf, photography historian and author of 'Art and Photography' (whom Blunt assisted, along with Scharf's wife, in escaping McCarthy condemnation for their support of communism), Brian Sewell (an art critic","psg_id":"2196731"},{"title":"The Prime Minister Was a Spy","text":"factual errors. Anthony Grey was a former Reuters correspondent, best known for being held captive by the Chinese government from 1967 to 1969. He later turned to writing novels, several of which featured main characters who fell in love with Asian countries as young men. In May 1983, Grey received an anonymous call from a man claiming to have discovered the final fate of Harold Holt. They spent the next two months going over a manuscript, and eventually agreed that the story would be published under Grey's name. Grey's anonymous caller was later identified as Ronald Titcombe, a former Royal","psg_id":"20370052"},{"title":"Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland","text":"estimate accurately. The biggest difficulty in estimating their number comes from the fact that the ethnic makeup of the victims was not always stated in Polish official reports. Generally speaking, the attitude of Soviet servicemen toward women of Slavic background was better than toward those who spoke German. According to Ostrowska & Zaremba, whether the number of purely Polish victims could have reached or even exceeded 100,000 remains a matter of guesswork. Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland The subject of rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe was absent","psg_id":"15452717"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"He pointed out that \"Burgess was one of our oldest friends and to denounce him would not be the act of a friend.\" Blunt quoted E. M. Forster's belief that country was less important than friendship. He argued that \"Burgess had told me he was a spy in 1936 and I had not told anyone.\" Blunt was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1956 by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1963, MI5 learned of Blunt's espionage from an American, Michael Straight, whom he had recruited. Blunt confessed to MI5 on 23 April 1964, and Queen Elizabeth II","psg_id":"2196715"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"inscrutable life is that nobody knows where he is.\" The Catcher Was a Spy proved to be a popular book, spending seven weeks on the New York Times best-seller list. Critics praised Dawidoff's thorough research and ability to tie together the many facets of Berg's life. \"Dawidoff ... has done heroic research, much of it in unlit corners, and he avoids the temptation of rehashing it to excess. For the most part he also eschews the temptations of amateur psychoanalysis; when he does succumb, it is mostly to revealing effect. Moe Berg doubtless will forever remain a mystery, but Dawidoff","psg_id":"17458436"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"list which described the biography as \"The life of Moe Berg, big-league catcher, O.S.S. agent, lady's man, and freeloader.\" Berg was born in 1902 to a Jewish couple that lived in New York City, not far from the Polo Grounds, the home of the New York Giants baseball team. His father, Bernard Berg, was a pharmacist who emigrated from Ukraine in part to escape from what he considered to be the oppressive nature of an almost entirely Jewish village. Berg's mother, Rose Tashker, was also a Ukrainian Jew. She was engaged to Bernard prior to his emigration. The couple, along","psg_id":"17458422"},{"title":"The Prime Minister Was a Spy","text":"officials\". \"The Prime Minister Was a Spy\" made the following claims: Tom Frame, Holt's biographer, describes Titcombe and Grey's account as a \"complete fabrication\". He notes that there is \"no corroborative evidence\" for most of their claims, as none of the documents referred to in the book were produced. Furthermore, Holt was stridently anti-Communist, the large sums of money he supposedly received were never reflected in his lifestyle, he was highly unlikely to have deserted his wife and children, and the water off of Cheviot Beach was much too shallow for a submarine to submerge. Zara Holt observed that her","psg_id":"20370054"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)","text":"2018, by IFC Films. Moe Berg, a 15-year baseball veteran, joins the war effort as a spy to beat Germany in the race to build the first atomic bomb. The project was announced on April 26, 2016, with Ben Lewin hired to direct, Robert Rodat tasked with adapting the biography, and Paul Rudd cast as Moe Berg; PalmStar Media would produce. In February 2017, Guy Pearce, Jeff Daniels, Paul Giamatti, Sienna Miller and Giancarlo Giannini were added to the cast, and filming began on February 13, with filming locations being Prague and Boston. Hiroyuki Sanada was cast in March, with","psg_id":"19483433"},{"title":"The Man Who Never Was","text":"screenplay of the film stayed as close to the truth as was convenient, with the remainder being fiction. For example, the Irish spy in the film is a complete fabrication. The British Secret Service controlled the German spy network in the UK with its Double-Cross System, though this fact was still secret at the time the film was made. Ewen Montagu declared that he was happy with the fictitious incidents which, although they did not happen, might have happened. During filming, Montagu has a cameo role, that of a Royal Air Force air vice-marshal who has doubts about the feasibility","psg_id":"4111931"},{"title":"What It Was, Was Football","text":"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the","psg_id":"11372888"},{"title":"What It Was, Was Football","text":"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of","psg_id":"11372892"},{"title":"The Spy Who Loved Me (film)","text":"the credit style first used in \"The Spy Who Loved Me\" has been used on all Eon Bond films since \"For Your Eyes Only\", including \"Casino Royale\". Broccoli commissioned a number of writers to work on the script, including Stirling Silliphant, John Landis, Ronald Hardy, Anthony Burgess, and Derek Marlowe. The British television producer Gerry Anderson also stated that he provided a film treatment (although originally planned to be \"Moonraker\") much similar to what ended up as \"The Spy Who Loved Me\". Eventually, Richard Maibaum provided the screenplay, and at first he tried to incorporate ideas from all of the","psg_id":"8516403"},{"title":"Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt","text":"as a basis. For his book \"\"The Art of Botanical Illustration'\"\" in 1950 he was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society. His brothers were the numismatist Christopher Evelyn Blunt and Anthony Blunt, Poussin expert and Russian spy. Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt (1901–1987) was an art teacher, author, artist and curator of the Watts Gallery at Compton, Surrey (1959–83). The son of the Rev. A. S. V. Blunt, of Paris, Blunt was educated at Marlborough College, where he was a scholar, leaving in July 1920 for Worcester College, Oxford, where he was an","psg_id":"8998413"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"Britain. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles (also known as the Conversazione Society), a clandestine Cambridge discussion group of 12 undergraduates, mostly from Trinity and King's Colleges who considered themselves to be the brightest minds in the university. Many were homosexual and Marxist at that time. Amongst other members also later accused of being part of the Cambridge spy ring were the American Michael Whitney Straight and Victor Rothschild, who later worked for MI5. Rothschild gave Blunt £100 to purchase \"Eliezar and Rebecca\" by Nicolas Poussin. The painting was sold by Blunt's executors in 1985 for £100,000 (totalling £192,500","psg_id":"2196703"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)","text":"Tom Wilkinson, Connie Nielsen and Shea Whigham joining in April. Principal photography lasted for 30 days. The film was set to have its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2017, but the film was pulled out after it was realized that post-production would not be complete in time. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. IFC Films acquired the film and set a release date of June 22, 2018. \"The Catcher Was a Spy\" made $114,771 from 49 theaters in its opening weekend, for an average of $2,459 per venue. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes,","psg_id":"19483434"},{"title":"A. J. P. Taylor","text":"In 1964, while he retained his college fellowship, the University of Oxford declined to renew Taylor's appointment as a university lecturer in modern history. This apparently sudden decision came in the aftermath of the controversy around his book \"The Origins of the Second World War\". Moving to London, he became a lecturer at the Institute of Historical Research at University College London and also at the Polytechnic of North London. In 1979, Taylor resigned in protest from the British Academy over its dismissal of Anthony Blunt, who had been exposed as a Soviet spy. Taylor took the position that: Taylor","psg_id":"1256515"},{"title":"Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia)","text":"the decision puts it, hundreds of thousands of victims of political repressions of the Communist occupational regime. Georgia's establishment of \"Soviet Occupation Day\" followed the example of Moldova. Moldova's president Mihai Ghimpu instituted in 2010, Soviet Occupation Day to remember the Soviet occupation on June 28, 1940, but the Constitutional Court cancelled his decree on July 12, 2010. In Latvia the \"Occupation of the Latvian Republic Day\" was declared an official remembrance day on May 18, 2000, it is observed on June 17. Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia) Soviet Occupation Day (, \"sabch'ot'a okupats'iis dge\") is a holiday in the country","psg_id":"14754354"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"has brought the mystery to life.\" \"...dealing with Berg's famous elusiveness is where Mr. Dawidoff's biography shines the brightest. This is not an easy subject to write about, since Berg grew increasingly evasive as he got older and during the final 25 years of his life he had no employment or ordered routine. In his final chapter, \"The Secret Life of Moe Berg\", Dawidoff undertakes a psychobiography of his subject and plumbs what he has earlier hinted at. Berg was always blind to his real feelings, the author suggests, and nearly lost control of himself toward the end. What he","psg_id":"17458437"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"had previously been held in awe by his many fans. \"Dawidoff has taken a mythic character and exposed him as an eccentric crank whose oversized feet were made almost entirely of clay. Dawidoff has accumulated a vast body of information in a remarkable job of research, especially considering that Berg, who died of a heart attack at age 70 in 1972, deliberately cloaked the details of his life in mystery. What Dawidoff has failed to do is distill it into a story calculated to hold a reader's interest. Rather, he presents an almost legalistic mass of evidence to prove that","psg_id":"17458441"},{"title":"Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet","text":"Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet Sir Charles Richard Blunt, 4th Baronet (6 December 1775 – 29 February 1840) was a British Member of Parliament. Blunt was the eldest son of Sir Charles William Blunt, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Elizabeth (née Peers), and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1802. He served with the East India Company and also represented Lewes in the House of Commons from 1831 until his death. Blunt married Sophia, daughter of Joseph Baker, in 1824. He died in February 1840, aged 64, and was succeeded in his title by his son Walter. Lady Blunt","psg_id":"10501056"},{"title":"I Was an American Spy","text":"by the Japanese. Sentenced to death, she is rescued in the nick of time by American soldiers (one of whom is Cpl. John Boone (Gene Evans)) who storm Bilibid Prison, killing the Japanese guards. Unfortunately for the studio, the relatively low-budget film fell flat with critics, with \"The New York Times\" writing that it \"isn't especially stimulating either as a narrative or as a tribute to personal courage.\" Hal Erickson noted in AllMovie, however, that the film \"handles its more brutal scenes with a marked degree of tastefulness\". I Was an American Spy I Was An American Spy is a","psg_id":"17608970"},{"title":"I Was an American Spy","text":"I Was an American Spy I Was An American Spy is a 1951 film dramatizing the true story of Claire Phillips, an American of Filipino descent who spied on the Japanese during World War II and was captured, tortured, and sentenced to death before being rescued. The film, produced by Allied Artists and directed by Lesley Selander, starred Ann Dvorak in the title role. In addition to obtaining the rights to her 1947 book \"Manila Espionage\", the filmmakers brought Phillips on as a technical adviser and she made personal appearances to promote the film, Phillipse and Dvorak became good friends,","psg_id":"17608967"},{"title":"S – Portrait of a Spy","text":"S – Portrait of a Spy S: Portrait of a Spy is a controversial 1978 spy novel by Canadian writer Ian Adams. Adams was sued by a former counter-intelligence official on the grounds the novel's main character bore too close a resemblance to his own life. Former Minister of National Defence Paul Hellyer wrote that information in the novel seemed sufficiently credible to alter the mandate of a high-profile inquiry into wrongdoing by the RCMP Security Service. In the novel \"S\" is employed as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's official in charge of countering attempts by the Soviet Union to","psg_id":"17703670"},{"title":"Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet","text":"died in 1862. Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet Sir Charles Richard Blunt, 4th Baronet (6 December 1775 – 29 February 1840) was a British Member of Parliament. Blunt was the eldest son of Sir Charles William Blunt, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Elizabeth (née Peers), and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1802. He served with the East India Company and also represented Lewes in the House of Commons from 1831 until his death. Blunt married Sophia, daughter of Joseph Baker, in 1824. He died in February 1840, aged 64, and was succeeded in his title by his son","psg_id":"10501057"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"historian. Golding passed them on to the British Library, insisting that they not be released for 25 years. It was finally made available to readers on 23 July 2009. Golding explains: \"I did so because, although most of the figures mentioned were dead, their families might not like it. It covers his Cambridge days and there are a number of names. They weren't all spies, but communism was common amongst intellectuals in the Thirties.\" In the typed manuscript, Blunt conceded that spying for the Soviet Union was the biggest mistake of his life. What I did not realise is that","psg_id":"2196724"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"and the Soviet contacts. For although the Soviet Union was now an ally, Russians were not trusted. Some information concerned German preparations and detailed plans for the Battle of Kursk, the last major German offensive on the Eastern Front. Malcolm Muggeridge, himself a wartime British agent, recalls meeting Kim Philby and Victor Rothschild, a friend of Blunt since Trinity College, Cambridge. He reported that at the Paris meeting in late 1955 Rothschild argued that much more Ultra material should have been given to Stalin. For once, Philby reportedly dropped his reserve, and agreed. During the war, Blunt attained the rank","psg_id":"2196709"},{"title":"The Man Who Was Thursday","text":"mysteriously and assigned to defeat the Council. They soon find out they were fighting each other and not real anarchists; such was the mastermind plan of their president, Sunday. In a surreal conclusion, Sunday is unmasked as only seeming to be terrible; in fact, he is a force of good like the detectives. Sunday is unable to give an answer to the question of why he caused so much trouble and pain for the detectives. Gregory, the only real anarchist, seems to challenge the good council. His accusation is that they, as rulers, have never suffered like Gregory and their","psg_id":"2469501"},{"title":"What Was Lost","text":"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and","psg_id":"11413536"},{"title":"Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)","text":"piece of business—a request to join the Soviet Union. These requests carried unanimously. In early August, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR \"accepted\" all three requests. The official Soviet line was that all three Baltic states carried out socialist revolutions and voluntarily requested to join the Soviet Union. The new Soviet-installed governments in the Baltic states began to align their policies with current Soviet practices. According to the prevailing doctrine in the process, the old \"bourgeois\" societies were destroyed so that new socialist societies, run by loyal Soviet citizens, could be constructed in their place. Soviet occupation of the Baltic","psg_id":"14530245"},{"title":"Museum of Soviet Occupation (Tbilisi)","text":"government Saakashvili’s response was to suggest offering funds for Russia to open a Museum of the Georgian Occupation in Moscow. Later, Saakashvili asserted that the museum was not directed against anyone: \"this is a museum of the Soviet occupation, not of a Russian occupation of Georgia... If someone, somewhere, at some level, takes this personally, that is their problem and not ours.\" In March 2007, the Museum was visited by the President of Ukraine Victor Yuschenko who suggested opening a similar museum in Ukraine. Museum of Soviet Occupation (Tbilisi) The Museum of the Soviet Occupation (, \"sabch’ot’a okupats’iis muzeumi\") is","psg_id":"11873512"},{"title":"Culture of Dorset","text":"an oath of loyalty to one another. In 1686, Thomas Erle hosted a secret meeting in the ice house at Charborough Park. The discussion led directly to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Soviet spy Anthony Blunt was born in Bournemouth in 1907. He was stripped of his knighthood in 1979 for treason. Dorset has produced two archbishops: John Morton and William Wake. Dorset is a popular home for performing artists. Those who have moved to or own second homes in Dorset include the director Guy Ritchie, actors Martin Clunes and Edward Fox; singer-songwriters Billy Bragg and Noel Gallagher; and","psg_id":"15645596"},{"title":"Soviet occupation of Romania","text":"between 1952 and 1960, which was used, at least in part, in the Soviet atomic bomb project. Uranium mining continued there until 1961. All ore was shipped abroad for processing, initially to Sillamäe in Estonia; the uranium concentrate was then used exclusively by the Soviet Union. Comparing the Soviet occupation of Romania to that of Bulgaria, David Stone notes: \"Unlike Bulgaria, Romania had few cultural and historical ties with Russia, and had actually waged war on the Soviet Union. As a result, Soviet occupation weighted heavier on the Romanian people, and the troops themselves were less disciplined.\" Soviet occupation of","psg_id":"6654195"},{"title":"Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940","text":"the legal successor state of the USSR, does not recognize the forcible occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union. Specifically in reference to Latvia, the Russian Duma passed a resolution to \"remind the deputies of the Latvian Saeima that Latvia's being a part of the Soviet Union was grounded by fact and \"by law from the international juridical point of view\".\" The government of Russia further maintains that the Soviet Union liberated Latvia from the Germans in 1944. In 2000, Soviet Occupation Day — June 17 — became a remembrance day in Latvia. Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 The","psg_id":"10897730"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"for outsiders to gather intelligence. By the time Berg's career was coming to an end, he had gained a reputation as one of the game's smartest players and was a favorite of newspaper reporters who enjoyed writing the storyline of the Princeton language scholar and New York lawyer who was also a big league catcher. But the final years Berg spent as a player, and then a coach, for the Red Sox caused both teammates and reporters to raise questions about his actual role with the team. Aside from giving foreign language lessons to members of the bullpen, he was","psg_id":"17458428"},{"title":"Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation","text":"now of the Cabinet of Moldova. In English, the inscription on the stone reads: Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation The Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation () is a proposed monument in Chişinău, Moldova. A commemorative stone was unveiled on 28 June 2010, as a monument to the victims of the Soviet occupation and the totalitarian communist regime, Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova. It is located on Great National Assembly Square, formerly known as Victory Square and once home to the central monument to Lenin of Soviet Moldavia. It is prominent in front of Government","psg_id":"14689973"},{"title":"Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation","text":"Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation The Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation () is a proposed monument in Chişinău, Moldova. A commemorative stone was unveiled on 28 June 2010, as a monument to the victims of the Soviet occupation and the totalitarian communist regime, Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova. It is located on Great National Assembly Square, formerly known as Victory Square and once home to the central monument to Lenin of Soviet Moldavia. It is prominent in front of Government House, originally the seat of the Council of Ministers of the Moldavian SSR and","psg_id":"14689972"},{"title":"The Boy Who Was a King","text":"The Boy Who Was a King The Boy Who Was a King is a 2011 Bulgarian documentary film about Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, directed by Andrey Paounov. The film received nominations and awards at various international film festivals. It was included in the official selections of Toronto International Film Festival, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam and others. The film is the third part of direcotor Andrey Paounov's unofficial trilogy on the \"absurdity of the Bulgarian transition period\". The film tells the story of Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Bulgarian Tsar. He assumed the throne at the age of six, when his father Boris","psg_id":"16778071"},{"title":"The Man Who Never Was","text":"of the proposed plan. It was described by Ben Macintyre in \"Operation Mincemeat\" as a \"surreal\" moment when the real Montagu addressed his fictional persona, played by Webb. The film earned an estimated $1.1 million in North American rentals in 1956. The \"Radio Times\" wrote, \"the picture may appear overly reverent by today's standards. But this is still a crucial wartime spy tale that is well worth watching.\" The BBC's popular radio comedy show, \"The Goon Show\", made a send-up of the story of \"The Man Who Never Was\" (based on the book) and incorporated most of the regular \"Goon","psg_id":"4111932"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"a pistol, but determined that Heisenberg's efforts and Germany's progress in the developing a weapon were overstated. Later, Berg befriended Heisenberg, and along with his other work both in Switzerland and later in Italy, helped convince U.S. military officials that Germany was not on the verge of developing an atomic bomb. Despite his law degree and offers to coach in the major leagues, Berg opted to live with his brother, Dr. Samuel Berg, in New Jersey and spend the remainder of his life unemployed, living off the good will of friends and family. When people asked Berg what he did","psg_id":"17458432"},{"title":"What Was Lost","text":"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was","psg_id":"11413541"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"provost of King's College, Cambridge, held a dinner party for Labour Home Secretary Roy Jenkins, Ann Fleming, widow of James Bond author Ian Fleming, and Victor Rothschild and his wife Tess. The Rothschilds brought their friend and lodger – Blunt. All had had wartime connections with British Intelligence; Jenkins at Bletchley Park. Blunt's role was represented under the name Maurice in Andrew Boyle's book \"Climate of Treason\" in 1979. Maurice was taken from the E. M. Forster novel of that name. Blunt tried to prevent the book's publication, which was reported in the magazine \"Private Eye\". This drew attention to","psg_id":"2196718"},{"title":"Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland","text":"Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland The subject of rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe was absent from the postwar historiography until the dissolution of the Soviet Union, although the documents of the era show that the problem was serious both during and after the advance of Soviet forces against Nazi Germany in 1944–1945. The lack of research for nearly half a century regarding the scope of sexual violence by Soviet males, wrote Katherine Jolluck, had been magnified by the traditional taboos among their victims, who were incapable of","psg_id":"15452703"},{"title":"Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944","text":"and Holocaust victims. Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the military occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union in 1944. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union. Army Group Centre was in tatters, and the northern edge of the Soviet assault threatened to trap Army Group North in a pocket in the Courland region. Panzers of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz had been","psg_id":"13045443"},{"title":"Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944","text":"Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the military occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union in 1944. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union. Army Group Centre was in tatters, and the northern edge of the Soviet assault threatened to trap Army Group North in a pocket in the Courland region. Panzers of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz had been sent back to","psg_id":"13045429"},{"title":"The Girl Who Was Plugged In","text":"in order to move up in society. Social status within this society is so dependent on what body one has in that people with “bad” bodies want to move into “better” bodies. Hicks says that this is precisely what gender disembodiment really means within the context of this short story. In relationship to human embodiment and this story, Scientists at MIT have created a device called sensory fiction that allows a reader to physically feel with his or her body what is happening in the story These scientists decided to use The Girl Who Was Plugged In as a prototype","psg_id":"3124206"},{"title":"Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940","text":"of its independence, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia's sovereignty was fully restored in 1991. On August 22, 1996, the Latvian parliament adopted a declaration which stated that the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 was a military occupation and an illegal incorporation. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Latvia declared its independence on November 18, 1918. After a prolonged War of Independence, Latvia and Soviet Russia (the predecessor of the Soviet Union) signed a peace treaty on August 11, 1920. In its \"Article 2\" Soviet Russia \"unreservedly recognises the independence and sovereignty of","psg_id":"10897692"},{"title":"Soviet occupation zone","text":"Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone (; , \"Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii\", \"Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany\") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone. The SBZ was one of the four Allied occupation zones of Germany created at the end of World War II. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (German initials: SMAD) was assigned responsibility","psg_id":"3211933"},{"title":"The Spy (Cooper novel)","text":"ground between the British and Continental armies. Harvey Birch, peddler and patriot, is a character remotely founded upon that of a real spy who helped John Jay. H. L. Barnum's \"The Spy Unmasked; or Memoirs of Enoch Crosby, alias Harvey Birch\" (1828; 5th ed., 1864) claimed to identify the historical spy. The Spy (Cooper novel) The Spy: a Tale of the Neutral Ground was James Fenimore Cooper's second novel, published in 1821 by Wiley & Halsted. This was the earliest American novel to win wide and permanent fame and may be said to have begun the type of romance which","psg_id":"17193477"},{"title":"Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union","text":"or prosecuting law-breakers. The clergy were attacked as foreign spies and trials of bishops were conducted with their clergy as well as lay adherents who were reported as 'subversive terroristic gangs' that had been unmasked. Official propaganda at the time called for the banishment of the very concept of God from the Soviet Union. These persecutions were meant to assist the ultimate socialist goal of eliminating religion. From 1932 to 1937 Joseph Stalin declared the 'five-year plans of atheism' and the LMG was charged with completely eliminating all religious expression in the country. Many of these same methods and terror","psg_id":"10214673"},{"title":"NOW! (1979–81 magazine)","text":"and incurred heavy losses. After 84 issues, Goldsmith closed it in 1981. Issue one featured on the cover a grainy black-and-white photograph of Brigadier Khalil al-Azzawi, director of Iraqi Military Intelligence with the banner \"Exclusive: How this man's agents spy on Britain...\" and a tag for a \"Special NOW! Enquiry\" on \"What the Young Generation really thinks\". Its editor was Anthony Shrimsley, Marketing Director (ex-Daily Mirror) Derek Rogers, and senior staff and contributors included, Frank Johnson, Clive Barnes, Art Buchwald and Patrick Hutber. NOW! (1979–81 magazine) NOW! was a British news magazine founded by entrepreneur Sir James Goldsmith, partly as","psg_id":"10263378"},{"title":"The Dog It Was That Died","text":"jumping off Waterloo Bridge into the Thames. However, the attempt goes wrong when he falls not into the water but onto a passing barge, breaking his legs and killing a dog which was on the deck. Over the course of the play, the reasons for this emerge. Some years ago, Purvis was approached by a Soviet spy named Rashnikov, who asked him to work as a double agent. Purvis reported this to his British superiors, who told him to pretend to work as a Soviet double agent whilst really working for them. However, Purvis also recalls that Rashnikov had told","psg_id":"6171512"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"unusually quiet and reserved and did little more than help warm up pitchers who were about to enter the game. Berg himself only batted 33 times during the 1939 season. \"Not a lot of pep or vinegar\" is how he was described by Ted Williams who was one of Berg's young teammates. Berg was 39 years old when the United States entered World War II and at that age believed the best contribution he could make to the war effort was to use his language skills to further the allied cause. Using his numerous connections, Berg was offered a position","psg_id":"17458429"},{"title":"Anthony Blunt","text":"by the Royal Navy. During that same year he was recruited to MI5, the Security Service. Before the war MI5 employed mostly former Indian policemen, for it was in India that the British Empire faced security threats. MI5 may have known Blunt's views, for an officer later claimed that it had been virtually running the Communist Party of Great Britain and complained about the cost of pension payments to its retired infiltrators. Blunt passed the results of Ultra intelligence from decrypted Enigma intercepts of Wehrmacht radio traffic from the Russian front. He also admitted to passing details of German spy","psg_id":"2196706"},{"title":"Soviet occupation zone","text":"for the (present-day) eastern portion of Germany. By the time forces of the United States and Britain began to meet Soviet forces, forming a Line of contact, significant areas of what would become the Soviet zone of Germany were outside Soviet control. After several months of occupation these gains by the British and Americans were ceded to the Soviets, by July 1945, according to the previously agreed upon occupation zone boundaries. The SMAD allowed four political parties to develop, though they were all required to work together under an alliance known as the \"Democratic Bloc\" (later the National Front). In","psg_id":"3211934"},{"title":"Soviet occupation zone","text":"West Germany, which refused to acknowledge the existence of a state in East Germany until 1972, when the government of Willy Brandt extended a qualified recognition under its Ostpolitik initiative. Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone (; , \"Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii\", \"Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany\") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone. The SBZ was one of the four","psg_id":"3211937"},{"title":"The Catcher Was a Spy","text":"Japan during an off-season baseball barnstorming tour in 1934 that were useful to the U.S. military after Pearl Harbor, and that he had worked for the OSS in Europe during the war, assessing whether Germany might make good on its promise to use an atomic device as its last, and most devastating, super-weapon. Nicholas Dawidoff's meticulously researched biography reveals that both stories were essentially true, although both were embellished by Berg, who spent the last quarter-century of his life as a freeloader whose currency as a house guest was not only his wide-ranging intelligence, but the assumption of most of","psg_id":"17458439"},{"title":"Ursula Kuczynski","text":"confessed that he was a spy. The day before his trial started, fearing that she was about to be unmasked, Agent Sonya left England. In March 1950, after two decades away from the city of her birth, she turned up back in Berlin. Meanwhile, Klaus Fuchs finally identified her as his Soviet contact in November 1950. The espionage-related aspects of her friendship with Melita Norwood only began to emerge several decades later. Germany had changed. Ursula Beurton returned to East Berlin in the Soviet occupation zone of what remained of the country, although the Soviet Military Administration had by now","psg_id":"15099369"},{"title":"What It Was, Was Football","text":"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \"What It Was...\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \"\"Deacon\" Andy Griffith.\" Griffith made an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \"What It Was, Was Football\" was printed in \"Mad\" magazine in 1958,","psg_id":"11372889"},{"title":"Firearm as a blunt weapon","text":"Firearm as a blunt weapon Firearm as a blunt weapon or firearm as a blunt instrument is the practice of using a firearm as a blunt weapon, rather than the conventional role of shooting with it. Examples of this include: Use of a firearm as a blunt weapon is usually seen in close quarter fighting, or when ammunition for the firearm has run out. It is also an effective battle strategy when ammunition supply is low, since knocking out enemies without firing the gun allows the user to save as many bullets as possible for later, more critical use. New","psg_id":"12876389"},{"title":"Occupation of the Latvian Republic Day","text":"of the cabinet of the Latvian government. Soon after, State administrators were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians were deported or killed and Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union as The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. \"Soviet Occupation Day\" became an official remembrance day on May 18, 2000. Moldova's interim president Mihai Ghimpu instituted in 2010 the Soviet Occupation Day holiday to remember the Soviet occupation on June 28, 1940, but the Constitutional Court cancelled his decree on July 12, 2010. Georgia followed the example and declared February 25 Soviet Occupation Day to recall the Red","psg_id":"14754350"},{"title":"Firearm as a blunt weapon","text":"is a more common way to complete the robbery, rather than to shoot or stab them. Firearm as a blunt weapon Firearm as a blunt weapon or firearm as a blunt instrument is the practice of using a firearm as a blunt weapon, rather than the conventional role of shooting with it. Examples of this include: Use of a firearm as a blunt weapon is usually seen in close quarter fighting, or when ammunition for the firearm has run out. It is also an effective battle strategy when ammunition supply is low, since knocking out enemies without firing the gun","psg_id":"12876391"},{"title":"James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me","text":"\"as much action as anyone could take.\" In their guide \"The Bond Files\", Andy Lane and Paul Simpson say Wood's novel \"counts as a decent Bond novel in its own right, and is certainly more stylish than many of the later volumes.\" That said, fan reaction to the novelization has been largely positive, with many fans claiming it to be one of the better James Bond continuation novels. James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me is the official novelization of the 1977 Eon \"James Bond\" film \"The Spy Who Loved Me\", which was","psg_id":"4397910"},{"title":"Was (Not Was)","text":"guest players. In 1982, the group played on \"Don't Walk Away\", a solo album for lead singer \"Sweet Pea\" Atkinson. \"Born to Laugh at Tornadoes\" (1983) had even more guest musicians, including Ozzy Osbourne rapping over electro, Mitch Ryder singing a techno-rockabilly number, Mel Tormé performing a ballad about asphyxiation, and an abstract funk piece called \"Man vs. the Empire Brain Building\". Singer Donald Ray Mitchell joined the group as third lead vocalist. In 1988, they found their biggest hit with the album \"What Up, Dog?\", which featured the singles \"Walk the Dinosaur\" and \"Spy in the House of Love\".","psg_id":"3814593"},{"title":"Soviet espionage in the United States","text":"information and resources to assist Soviet aims, and agreed to press for release of German occupation currency plates to the Soviet Union. The Soviets later used the plates to print unrestricted sums of money to exchange for U.S. and Allied hard goods. In August 1945 Elizabeth Bentley, fearful of assassination by the Soviet MGB, turned herself in to the government. She implicated many agents and sources in the Golos and Silvermaster spy networks, and was the first to accuse Harry Dexter White of acting on behalf of Soviet interests in releasing occupation plates to Moscow, later confirmed by Soviet archives","psg_id":"5182726"},{"title":"Guy Liddell","text":"the Cambridge Five spy ring, Kim Philby and Anthony Blunt and in 1953 following an MI5 internal investigation he took early retirement and went to work as a security adviser to the Atomic Energy Authority. He died of heart failure aged 66 in 1958 at his home, 18 Richmond Court, Sloane Street, London, and was buried at Putney Vale Cemetery. In 1979, Goronwy Rees confessed to having been a Soviet spy, and named Liddell as the Fifth Man. Papers released since have all but completely cleared him of the charge, with the general academic consensus being that he was naïve","psg_id":"12214225"},{"title":"Theodore Maly","text":"Soviet spy ring known as the Cambridge Five: Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, John Cairncross and Anthony Blunt. Maly also controlled Arthur Wynn, founder of the Oxford spy ring, who had been recruited by Edith Tudor-Hart. In 1937, he left England on a false passport to escape arrest for his involvement in the Woolwich Arsenal spy case. It is assumed that he was tipped off before MI5 could arrange for his arrest. In 1937 as the Stalinist terror took hold, Soviet intelligence personnel working abroad became principal targets of suspicion and were subject to recalls to the Soviet Union.","psg_id":"10673051"},{"title":"What Was Before","text":"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of","psg_id":"18660879"},{"title":"What Was Before","text":"how we choose to tell stories.\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,","psg_id":"18660880"},{"title":"Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia","text":"one-year term. In 1916, George Steward, Official Secretary to Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson, founded and headed the Counter-Espionage Bureau, Australia's first secret service, whose agents pursued Industrial Workers of the World and Sinn Féin activists. Munro Ferguson was as unenthusiastic about these duties of his Official Secretary (whom he dubbed 'Pickle the Spy') and the unsavoury characters who consequently lurked about Government House as he was with the secret political work which Steward sometimes performed for Prime Minister Billy Hughes. The longest serving Official Secretary was Sir Murray Tyrrell, who served six governors-general over 26 years, 1947–1973. The current Acting","psg_id":"12430524"},{"title":"A Question of Attribution","text":"others in the security service. At the end of the film, the time of Blunt's exposure, Blunt tells Chubb that X-rays had revealed the presence of a fourth and fifth man. One of the sub-texts in the scene with the Queen is whether or not Her Majesty knew that Blunt was a former Soviet spy. They briefly discuss the Dutch Vermeer forger Han van Meegeren, and how his paintings now look like fakes, but were accepted as genuine in the (early) 1940s, and touch on the nature of fakes and secrets. After she has left and an assistant asks what","psg_id":"6801033"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prime Minister Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"The Prime Minister Was a Spy The Prime Minister Was a Spy is a 1983 book by British writer Anthony Grey. The book's premise is that Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 to 1967, was a lifelong spy for the Chinese government, under both the Nationalist and Communist regimes. Its most famous claim is that Holt faked his own death – rather than drowning, he boarded a Chinese submarine stationed off the Australian coast and lived the rest of his life in Beijing. The book was widely ridiculed upon its release, and has been identified as containing numerous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20370051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prime Minister Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"that he had been acting in bad faith. The Prime Minister Was a Spy The Prime Minister Was a Spy is a 1983 book by British writer Anthony Grey. The book's premise is that Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 to 1967, was a lifelong spy for the Chinese government, under both the Nationalist and Communist regimes. Its most famous claim is that Holt faked his own death – rather than drowning, he boarded a Chinese submarine stationed off the Australian coast and lived the rest of his life in Beijing. The book was widely ridiculed upon its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20370057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild\",\n \"text\": \"she told Rothschild that she thought that Tomás Harris and Kim Philby were Soviet spies. When Anthony Blunt was unmasked as a member of the Cambridge Spy ring in 1964, Rothschild was questioned by Special Branch (though Blunt was not publicly identified as a Soviet agent until 1979 in the House of Commons by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher). Rothschild was cleared, and continued working on projects for the British government. Rothschild was head of the Central Policy Review Staff from 1971 to 1974 (known popularly as \\\"The Think Tank\\\") a staff which researched policy specifically for the Government until Margaret\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2305143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Louis Heren\",\n \"text\": \"running a newspaper in the 1970s, he nurtured many notable talents, including Robert Fisk, Peter Hennessy and Paul Vallely. With his independent, earthy and instinctual style, he was't always happy within the confines of the editorial offices. In 1979, he oversaw the joint interviews, in \\\"The Times\\\" boardroom, with Sir Anthony Blunt after he was unmasked as the Fifth Man in the Cambridge Soviet spy ring. Heren drew fierce criticism from some newspapers after it became known he had asked for kippers to be brought in from a nearby smokehouse for Blunt's lunch. When Rupert Murdoch acquired the paper, Heren\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10152051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet\",\n \"text\": \"who was much later revealed to be a Soviet spy, which led to suspicions that Rumbold might have been the so-called \\\"Fifth Man\\\" in the spy ring which included Maclean. In 1974 Sir Anthony and Lady Rumbold were divorced and he married Mrs Pauline Graham, whose first husband had been the anthropologist and ethnographer Julian Pitt-Rivers. They had no children; she died in 2008. Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet (7 March 1911 – 4 December 1983) was a British diplomat, ambassador to Thailand and Austria. Horace Anthony Claude Rumbold, son of Sir Horace Rumbold, 9th\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16579937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"with tax remission) and is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. There are numerous versions of how Blunt was recruited to the NKVD. As a Cambridge don, Blunt visited the Soviet Union in 1933, and was possibly recruited in 1934. In a press conference, Blunt claimed that Guy Burgess recruited him as a spy. Many sources suggest that Blunt remained at Cambridge and served as a talent-spotter. He may have identified Burgess, Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, John Cairncross and Michael Straight – all undergraduates at Trinity College (except Maclean at the neighbouring Trinity Hall), a few years younger than he –\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"I Was a Spy I Was a Spy is a 1933 British thriller film directed by Victor Saville and starring Madeleine Carroll, Herbert Marshall, and Conrad Veidt. Based on the 1932 memoir \\\"I Was a Spy\\\" by Marthe Cnockaert, the film is about a Belgian woman who nurses injured German soldiers during World War I while passing intelligence to the British. \\\"I Was a Spy\\\" was also the first film dubbed in Poland (while there were earlier examples of films dubbed in Polish, they were recorded in Paramount studio in Joinville, France), released in 1935 as \\\"Siostra Marta jest szpiegiem\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14424767\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy The Catcher Was a Spy: The Mysterious Life of Moe Berg is a 1994 biography written by Nicholas Dawidoff about a major league baseball player who also worked for the Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Moe Berg, the subject of the book, was an enigmatic person who hid much of his private life from those who knew him and who spent his later decades as a jobless drifter living off the good will of friends and relatives. The book spent seven weeks on The New York Times Best Seller\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458421\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"successful at the box office, this was not Saville's reaction. He watched the completed \\\"I Was a Spy\\\" with one of the Assistant Directors Herbert Mason and was devastated however Mason reassured him that it was his \\\"best to date.\\\" \\\"I Was a Spy\\\" was released on DVD on 19 May 2014. I Was a Spy I Was a Spy is a 1933 British thriller film directed by Victor Saville and starring Madeleine Carroll, Herbert Marshall, and Conrad Veidt. Based on the 1932 memoir \\\"I Was a Spy\\\" by Marthe Cnockaert, the film is about a Belgian woman who nurses\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14424769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"it was announced that American actor Paul Rudd will portray Berg in the upcoming biographical film \\\"The Catcher Was a Spy\\\". The film is directed by Ben Lewin and received its world premiere on January 19, 2018, at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. The Catcher Was a Spy The Catcher Was a Spy: The Mysterious Life of Moe Berg is a 1994 biography written by Nicholas Dawidoff about a major league baseball player who also worked for the Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Moe Berg, the subject of the book, was an enigmatic person\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"his public exposure. In 1948, demobilised army officer Philip Hay attended an interview at Buckingham Palace for the post of private secretary to the Dowager Duchess of Kent. After passing Blunt in a corridor, Sir Alan Lascelles, the King's private secretary, told Hay: \\\"That's our Russian spy.\\\" According to MI5 papers released in 2002, Moura Budberg, known as the Russian Mata Hari and suspected of being a double agent, reported in 1950 that Blunt was a member of the Communist Party, but this was ignored. According to Blunt himself, he never joined because Burgess persuaded him that he would be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196711\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"to Anthony Blunt on his 60th Birthday\\\", Phaidon 1967 (introduction by Ellis Waterhouse), contains a full list of his writings up to 1966. Major works include: Important articles after 1966: \\\"A Question of Attribution\\\" is a play written by Alan Bennett about Blunt, covering the weeks before his public exposure as a spy, and his relationship with Queen Elizabeth II. After a successful run in London's West End, it was made into a television play directed by John Schlesinger and starring James Fox, Prunella Scales and Geoffrey Palmer. It was aired on the BBC in 1991. This play was seen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy (film) The Catcher Was a Spy is a 2018 American biographical spy film directed by Ben Lewin and written by Robert Rodat, based on the book of the same name by Nicholas Dawidoff. It stars Paul Rudd as Moe Berg, a former baseball player who joined the war effort during World War II and partook in espionage for the U.S. Government. Mark Strong, Sienna Miller, Jeff Daniels, Tom Wilkinson, Giancarlo Giannini, Hiroyuki Sanada, Guy Pearce and Paul Giamatti also star. The film premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival and was released on June 22,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19483432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"Blunt. In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher revealed Blunt's wartime role, firstly on Thursday 15 November 1979, and in more detail on 21 November. Sir Bernard Ingham, Thatcher's press secretary, suggested, \\\"I believe she did it because she didn't see why the system should cover things up. This was early in her prime ministership. I think she wanted to tell the civil service that the politicians decide policy, not the system. She wanted them to know who was boss.\\\" In a statement to the newsmedia on 20 November, Blunt claimed the decision to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Anthony\\\". Although Blunt was outwardly calm, the sudden exposure shocked him. His former pupil, art critic Brian Sewell, said at the time, \\\"He was so businesslike about it; he considered the implications for his knighthood and academic honours and what should be resigned and what retained. What he didn't want was a great debate at his clubs, the Athenaeum and the Travellers. He was incredibly calm about it all.\\\" Sewell was involved in protecting Blunt from the extensive media attention after his exposure, and his friend was spirited away to a flat within a house in Chiswick. Queen Elizabeth II\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"his hosts, never contradicted by their guest, that he continued to be a spy. He wasn't. Dawidoff describes a lonely soul who could bear only infrequent intimacy-he had a few serious relationships with women, and no close male friends ... As Dawidoff tracks his elusive subject, it is easy to agree with a bookseller who described Berg as \\\"a professional liar, a layabout who lived on his brother . . . a self-invented mystery, a charming chap, but an outright fraud. The mystery is that there is no mystery.\\\" Not all critics were complimentary of Dawidoff's treatment of Berg, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the film holds an approval rating of 34% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \\\"\\\"The Catcher Was a Spy\\\" loses sight of the most interesting elements of its fact-based story, dropping the ball and leaving likable lead Paul Rudd stranded.\\\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating \\\"mixed or average reviews.\\\" The Catcher Was a Spy (film) The Catcher Was a Spy is a 2018 American biographical spy film directed by Ben Lewin and written by Robert Rodat, based\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19483435\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur Martin and Jim Skardon had interviewed Blunt 11 times since 1951, but Blunt had admitted nothing. Blunt was greatly distressed by Burgess's flight and, on 28 May 1951, confided in his friend Goronwy Rees, a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, who had briefly supplied the NKVD with political information in 1938–39. Rees suggested that Burgess had gone to the Soviet Union because of his violent anti-Americanism and belief that America would involve Britain in a Third World War, and that he was a Soviet agent. Blunt suggested that this was not sufficient reason to denounce Burgess to MI5.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"Berg followed up a career (1923-39) as a pseudo intellectual, third- string catcher by becoming a mediocre WW II spy, and then spent the last 25 years of his life as an unemployed vagabond, living off his charm and his wit and his vast store of friends. The only mystery left at the end of the book is whether to feel pity for Berg as a tragic, unfulfilled genius or irritation with him as a boor who gets more attention than he deserved. The reader is left knowing immeasurably more about Moe Berg, and caring immeasurably less.\\\" In April 2016,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"as potential spies for the Soviets. Blunt said in his public confession that it was Burgess who converted him to the Soviet cause, after both had left Cambridge. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles, and Burgess could have recruited Blunt or vice versa either at Cambridge University or later when both worked for British intelligence. With the invasion of Poland by German and Soviet forces, Blunt joined the British Army in 1939. During the phoney war he served in France in the intelligence corps. When the Wehrmacht drove British forces back to Dunkirk in May 1940, he was evacuated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"as a companion to Bennett's 1983 television play about Guy Burgess, \\\"An Englishman Abroad\\\". \\\"Blunt: The Fourth Man\\\" is a 1985 film starring Ian Richardson, Anthony Hopkins, Michael Williams, and Rosie Kerslake, covering the events of 1951 when Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean went missing. \\\"The Untouchable\\\", a 1997 novel by John Banville, is a roman à clef based largely on the life and character of Anthony Blunt; the novel's protagonist, Victor Maskell, is a loosely disguised Blunt, although some elements of the character are based on Louis MacNeice. \\\"I.M. Anthony Blunt\\\" is a poem by Gavin Ewart, cleverly attempting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation of Romania\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet occupation of Romania The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania. The fate of the territories held by Romania after 1918 that were incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 is treated separately in the article on Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. During the Eastern Front offensive of 1944, the Soviet Army occupied what had been the Kingdom of Romania prior to the military occupation. The northwestern part of Moldavia was occupied as a result of armed combat that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6654170\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"he was engaged in a dispute with Sir Denis Mahon regarding the authenticity of a Poussin work which rumbled on for several years. Mahon was shown to be correct. Blunt was also unaware that a painting in his own possession was also by Poussin. It has been suggested that Blunt could not accept that Poussin may have produced inferior work. Notable students who have been influenced by Blunt include Aaron Scharf, photography historian and author of 'Art and Photography' (whom Blunt assisted, along with Scharf's wife, in escaping McCarthy condemnation for their support of communism), Brian Sewell (an art critic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prime Minister Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"factual errors. Anthony Grey was a former Reuters correspondent, best known for being held captive by the Chinese government from 1967 to 1969. He later turned to writing novels, several of which featured main characters who fell in love with Asian countries as young men. In May 1983, Grey received an anonymous call from a man claiming to have discovered the final fate of Harold Holt. They spent the next two months going over a manuscript, and eventually agreed that the story would be published under Grey's name. Grey's anonymous caller was later identified as Ronald Titcombe, a former Royal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20370052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland\",\n \"text\": \"estimate accurately. The biggest difficulty in estimating their number comes from the fact that the ethnic makeup of the victims was not always stated in Polish official reports. Generally speaking, the attitude of Soviet servicemen toward women of Slavic background was better than toward those who spoke German. According to Ostrowska & Zaremba, whether the number of purely Polish victims could have reached or even exceeded 100,000 remains a matter of guesswork. Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland The subject of rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe was absent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15452717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"He pointed out that \\\"Burgess was one of our oldest friends and to denounce him would not be the act of a friend.\\\" Blunt quoted E. M. Forster's belief that country was less important than friendship. He argued that \\\"Burgess had told me he was a spy in 1936 and I had not told anyone.\\\" Blunt was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1956 by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1963, MI5 learned of Blunt's espionage from an American, Michael Straight, whom he had recruited. Blunt confessed to MI5 on 23 April 1964, and Queen Elizabeth II\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196715\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"inscrutable life is that nobody knows where he is.\\\" The Catcher Was a Spy proved to be a popular book, spending seven weeks on the New York Times best-seller list. Critics praised Dawidoff's thorough research and ability to tie together the many facets of Berg's life. \\\"Dawidoff ... has done heroic research, much of it in unlit corners, and he avoids the temptation of rehashing it to excess. For the most part he also eschews the temptations of amateur psychoanalysis; when he does succumb, it is mostly to revealing effect. Moe Berg doubtless will forever remain a mystery, but Dawidoff\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"list which described the biography as \\\"The life of Moe Berg, big-league catcher, O.S.S. agent, lady's man, and freeloader.\\\" Berg was born in 1902 to a Jewish couple that lived in New York City, not far from the Polo Grounds, the home of the New York Giants baseball team. His father, Bernard Berg, was a pharmacist who emigrated from Ukraine in part to escape from what he considered to be the oppressive nature of an almost entirely Jewish village. Berg's mother, Rose Tashker, was also a Ukrainian Jew. She was engaged to Bernard prior to his emigration. The couple, along\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458422\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Prime Minister Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"officials\\\". \\\"The Prime Minister Was a Spy\\\" made the following claims: Tom Frame, Holt's biographer, describes Titcombe and Grey's account as a \\\"complete fabrication\\\". He notes that there is \\\"no corroborative evidence\\\" for most of their claims, as none of the documents referred to in the book were produced. Furthermore, Holt was stridently anti-Communist, the large sums of money he supposedly received were never reflected in his lifestyle, he was highly unlikely to have deserted his wife and children, and the water off of Cheviot Beach was much too shallow for a submarine to submerge. Zara Holt observed that her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20370054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)\",\n \"text\": \"2018, by IFC Films. Moe Berg, a 15-year baseball veteran, joins the war effort as a spy to beat Germany in the race to build the first atomic bomb. The project was announced on April 26, 2016, with Ben Lewin hired to direct, Robert Rodat tasked with adapting the biography, and Paul Rudd cast as Moe Berg; PalmStar Media would produce. In February 2017, Guy Pearce, Jeff Daniels, Paul Giamatti, Sienna Miller and Giancarlo Giannini were added to the cast, and filming began on February 13, with filming locations being Prague and Boston. Hiroyuki Sanada was cast in March, with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19483433\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Never Was\",\n \"text\": \"screenplay of the film stayed as close to the truth as was convenient, with the remainder being fiction. For example, the Irish spy in the film is a complete fabrication. The British Secret Service controlled the German spy network in the UK with its Double-Cross System, though this fact was still secret at the time the film was made. Ewen Montagu declared that he was happy with the fictitious incidents which, although they did not happen, might have happened. During filming, Montagu has a cameo role, that of a Royal Air Force air vice-marshal who has doubts about the feasibility\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4111931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\",\n \"text\": \"What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11372888\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\",\n \"text\": \"film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11372892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Spy Who Loved Me (film)\",\n \"text\": \"the credit style first used in \\\"The Spy Who Loved Me\\\" has been used on all Eon Bond films since \\\"For Your Eyes Only\\\", including \\\"Casino Royale\\\". Broccoli commissioned a number of writers to work on the script, including Stirling Silliphant, John Landis, Ronald Hardy, Anthony Burgess, and Derek Marlowe. The British television producer Gerry Anderson also stated that he provided a film treatment (although originally planned to be \\\"Moonraker\\\") much similar to what ended up as \\\"The Spy Who Loved Me\\\". Eventually, Richard Maibaum provided the screenplay, and at first he tried to incorporate ideas from all of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8516403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"as a basis. For his book \\\"\\\"The Art of Botanical Illustration'\\\"\\\" in 1950 he was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society. His brothers were the numismatist Christopher Evelyn Blunt and Anthony Blunt, Poussin expert and Russian spy. Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt (1901–1987) was an art teacher, author, artist and curator of the Watts Gallery at Compton, Surrey (1959–83). The son of the Rev. A. S. V. Blunt, of Paris, Blunt was educated at Marlborough College, where he was a scholar, leaving in July 1920 for Worcester College, Oxford, where he was an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8998413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"Britain. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles (also known as the Conversazione Society), a clandestine Cambridge discussion group of 12 undergraduates, mostly from Trinity and King's Colleges who considered themselves to be the brightest minds in the university. Many were homosexual and Marxist at that time. Amongst other members also later accused of being part of the Cambridge spy ring were the American Michael Whitney Straight and Victor Rothschild, who later worked for MI5. Rothschild gave Blunt £100 to purchase \\\"Eliezar and Rebecca\\\" by Nicolas Poussin. The painting was sold by Blunt's executors in 1985 for £100,000 (totalling £192,500\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Wilkinson, Connie Nielsen and Shea Whigham joining in April. Principal photography lasted for 30 days. The film was set to have its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2017, but the film was pulled out after it was realized that post-production would not be complete in time. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. IFC Films acquired the film and set a release date of June 22, 2018. \\\"The Catcher Was a Spy\\\" made $114,771 from 49 theaters in its opening weekend, for an average of $2,459 per venue. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19483434\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. J. P. Taylor\",\n \"text\": \"In 1964, while he retained his college fellowship, the University of Oxford declined to renew Taylor's appointment as a university lecturer in modern history. This apparently sudden decision came in the aftermath of the controversy around his book \\\"The Origins of the Second World War\\\". Moving to London, he became a lecturer at the Institute of Historical Research at University College London and also at the Polytechnic of North London. In 1979, Taylor resigned in protest from the British Academy over its dismissal of Anthony Blunt, who had been exposed as a Soviet spy. Taylor took the position that: Taylor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1256515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia)\",\n \"text\": \"the decision puts it, hundreds of thousands of victims of political repressions of the Communist occupational regime. Georgia's establishment of \\\"Soviet Occupation Day\\\" followed the example of Moldova. Moldova's president Mihai Ghimpu instituted in 2010, Soviet Occupation Day to remember the Soviet occupation on June 28, 1940, but the Constitutional Court cancelled his decree on July 12, 2010. In Latvia the \\\"Occupation of the Latvian Republic Day\\\" was declared an official remembrance day on May 18, 2000, it is observed on June 17. Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia) Soviet Occupation Day (, \\\"sabch'ot'a okupats'iis dge\\\") is a holiday in the country\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14754354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"has brought the mystery to life.\\\" \\\"...dealing with Berg's famous elusiveness is where Mr. Dawidoff's biography shines the brightest. This is not an easy subject to write about, since Berg grew increasingly evasive as he got older and during the final 25 years of his life he had no employment or ordered routine. In his final chapter, \\\"The Secret Life of Moe Berg\\\", Dawidoff undertakes a psychobiography of his subject and plumbs what he has earlier hinted at. Berg was always blind to his real feelings, the author suggests, and nearly lost control of himself toward the end. What he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"had previously been held in awe by his many fans. \\\"Dawidoff has taken a mythic character and exposed him as an eccentric crank whose oversized feet were made almost entirely of clay. Dawidoff has accumulated a vast body of information in a remarkable job of research, especially considering that Berg, who died of a heart attack at age 70 in 1972, deliberately cloaked the details of his life in mystery. What Dawidoff has failed to do is distill it into a story calculated to hold a reader's interest. Rather, he presents an almost legalistic mass of evidence to prove that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet Sir Charles Richard Blunt, 4th Baronet (6 December 1775 – 29 February 1840) was a British Member of Parliament. Blunt was the eldest son of Sir Charles William Blunt, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Elizabeth (née Peers), and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1802. He served with the East India Company and also represented Lewes in the House of Commons from 1831 until his death. Blunt married Sophia, daughter of Joseph Baker, in 1824. He died in February 1840, aged 64, and was succeeded in his title by his son Walter. Lady Blunt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10501056\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Was an American Spy\",\n \"text\": \"by the Japanese. Sentenced to death, she is rescued in the nick of time by American soldiers (one of whom is Cpl. John Boone (Gene Evans)) who storm Bilibid Prison, killing the Japanese guards. Unfortunately for the studio, the relatively low-budget film fell flat with critics, with \\\"The New York Times\\\" writing that it \\\"isn't especially stimulating either as a narrative or as a tribute to personal courage.\\\" Hal Erickson noted in AllMovie, however, that the film \\\"handles its more brutal scenes with a marked degree of tastefulness\\\". I Was an American Spy I Was An American Spy is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17608970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Was an American Spy\",\n \"text\": \"I Was an American Spy I Was An American Spy is a 1951 film dramatizing the true story of Claire Phillips, an American of Filipino descent who spied on the Japanese during World War II and was captured, tortured, and sentenced to death before being rescued. The film, produced by Allied Artists and directed by Lesley Selander, starred Ann Dvorak in the title role. In addition to obtaining the rights to her 1947 book \\\"Manila Espionage\\\", the filmmakers brought Phillips on as a technical adviser and she made personal appearances to promote the film, Phillipse and Dvorak became good friends,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17608967\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"S – Portrait of a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"S – Portrait of a Spy S: Portrait of a Spy is a controversial 1978 spy novel by Canadian writer Ian Adams. Adams was sued by a former counter-intelligence official on the grounds the novel's main character bore too close a resemblance to his own life. Former Minister of National Defence Paul Hellyer wrote that information in the novel seemed sufficiently credible to alter the mandate of a high-profile inquiry into wrongdoing by the RCMP Security Service. In the novel \\\"S\\\" is employed as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's official in charge of countering attempts by the Soviet Union to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17703670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet\",\n \"text\": \"died in 1862. Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet Sir Charles Richard Blunt, 4th Baronet (6 December 1775 – 29 February 1840) was a British Member of Parliament. Blunt was the eldest son of Sir Charles William Blunt, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Elizabeth (née Peers), and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1802. He served with the East India Company and also represented Lewes in the House of Commons from 1831 until his death. Blunt married Sophia, daughter of Joseph Baker, in 1824. He died in February 1840, aged 64, and was succeeded in his title by his son\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10501057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"historian. Golding passed them on to the British Library, insisting that they not be released for 25 years. It was finally made available to readers on 23 July 2009. Golding explains: \\\"I did so because, although most of the figures mentioned were dead, their families might not like it. It covers his Cambridge days and there are a number of names. They weren't all spies, but communism was common amongst intellectuals in the Thirties.\\\" In the typed manuscript, Blunt conceded that spying for the Soviet Union was the biggest mistake of his life. What I did not realise is that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196724\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"and the Soviet contacts. For although the Soviet Union was now an ally, Russians were not trusted. Some information concerned German preparations and detailed plans for the Battle of Kursk, the last major German offensive on the Eastern Front. Malcolm Muggeridge, himself a wartime British agent, recalls meeting Kim Philby and Victor Rothschild, a friend of Blunt since Trinity College, Cambridge. He reported that at the Paris meeting in late 1955 Rothschild argued that much more Ultra material should have been given to Stalin. For once, Philby reportedly dropped his reserve, and agreed. During the war, Blunt attained the rank\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196709\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Was Thursday\",\n \"text\": \"mysteriously and assigned to defeat the Council. They soon find out they were fighting each other and not real anarchists; such was the mastermind plan of their president, Sunday. In a surreal conclusion, Sunday is unmasked as only seeming to be terrible; in fact, he is a force of good like the detectives. Sunday is unable to give an answer to the question of why he caused so much trouble and pain for the detectives. Gregory, the only real anarchist, seems to challenge the good council. His accusation is that they, as rulers, have never suffered like Gregory and their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2469501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11413536\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)\",\n \"text\": \"piece of business—a request to join the Soviet Union. These requests carried unanimously. In early August, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR \\\"accepted\\\" all three requests. The official Soviet line was that all three Baltic states carried out socialist revolutions and voluntarily requested to join the Soviet Union. The new Soviet-installed governments in the Baltic states began to align their policies with current Soviet practices. According to the prevailing doctrine in the process, the old \\\"bourgeois\\\" societies were destroyed so that new socialist societies, run by loyal Soviet citizens, could be constructed in their place. Soviet occupation of the Baltic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14530245\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Museum of Soviet Occupation (Tbilisi)\",\n \"text\": \"government Saakashvili’s response was to suggest offering funds for Russia to open a Museum of the Georgian Occupation in Moscow. Later, Saakashvili asserted that the museum was not directed against anyone: \\\"this is a museum of the Soviet occupation, not of a Russian occupation of Georgia... If someone, somewhere, at some level, takes this personally, that is their problem and not ours.\\\" In March 2007, the Museum was visited by the President of Ukraine Victor Yuschenko who suggested opening a similar museum in Ukraine. Museum of Soviet Occupation (Tbilisi) The Museum of the Soviet Occupation (, \\\"sabch’ot’a okupats’iis muzeumi\\\") is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11873512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture of Dorset\",\n \"text\": \"an oath of loyalty to one another. In 1686, Thomas Erle hosted a secret meeting in the ice house at Charborough Park. The discussion led directly to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Soviet spy Anthony Blunt was born in Bournemouth in 1907. He was stripped of his knighthood in 1979 for treason. Dorset has produced two archbishops: John Morton and William Wake. Dorset is a popular home for performing artists. Those who have moved to or own second homes in Dorset include the director Guy Ritchie, actors Martin Clunes and Edward Fox; singer-songwriters Billy Bragg and Noel Gallagher; and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15645596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation of Romania\",\n \"text\": \"between 1952 and 1960, which was used, at least in part, in the Soviet atomic bomb project. Uranium mining continued there until 1961. All ore was shipped abroad for processing, initially to Sillamäe in Estonia; the uranium concentrate was then used exclusively by the Soviet Union. Comparing the Soviet occupation of Romania to that of Bulgaria, David Stone notes: \\\"Unlike Bulgaria, Romania had few cultural and historical ties with Russia, and had actually waged war on the Soviet Union. As a result, Soviet occupation weighted heavier on the Romanian people, and the troops themselves were less disciplined.\\\" Soviet occupation of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6654195\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940\",\n \"text\": \"the legal successor state of the USSR, does not recognize the forcible occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union. Specifically in reference to Latvia, the Russian Duma passed a resolution to \\\"remind the deputies of the Latvian Saeima that Latvia's being a part of the Soviet Union was grounded by fact and \\\"by law from the international juridical point of view\\\".\\\" The government of Russia further maintains that the Soviet Union liberated Latvia from the Germans in 1944. In 2000, Soviet Occupation Day — June 17 — became a remembrance day in Latvia. Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10897730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"for outsiders to gather intelligence. By the time Berg's career was coming to an end, he had gained a reputation as one of the game's smartest players and was a favorite of newspaper reporters who enjoyed writing the storyline of the Princeton language scholar and New York lawyer who was also a big league catcher. But the final years Berg spent as a player, and then a coach, for the Red Sox caused both teammates and reporters to raise questions about his actual role with the team. Aside from giving foreign language lessons to members of the bullpen, he was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation\",\n \"text\": \"now of the Cabinet of Moldova. In English, the inscription on the stone reads: Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation The Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation () is a proposed monument in Chişinău, Moldova. A commemorative stone was unveiled on 28 June 2010, as a monument to the victims of the Soviet occupation and the totalitarian communist regime, Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova. It is located on Great National Assembly Square, formerly known as Victory Square and once home to the central monument to Lenin of Soviet Moldavia. It is prominent in front of Government\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14689973\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation\",\n \"text\": \"Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation The Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation () is a proposed monument in Chişinău, Moldova. A commemorative stone was unveiled on 28 June 2010, as a monument to the victims of the Soviet occupation and the totalitarian communist regime, Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova. It is located on Great National Assembly Square, formerly known as Victory Square and once home to the central monument to Lenin of Soviet Moldavia. It is prominent in front of Government House, originally the seat of the Council of Ministers of the Moldavian SSR and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14689972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Boy Who Was a King\",\n \"text\": \"The Boy Who Was a King The Boy Who Was a King is a 2011 Bulgarian documentary film about Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, directed by Andrey Paounov. The film received nominations and awards at various international film festivals. It was included in the official selections of Toronto International Film Festival, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam and others. The film is the third part of direcotor Andrey Paounov's unofficial trilogy on the \\\"absurdity of the Bulgarian transition period\\\". The film tells the story of Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Bulgarian Tsar. He assumed the throne at the age of six, when his father Boris\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16778071\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Never Was\",\n \"text\": \"of the proposed plan. It was described by Ben Macintyre in \\\"Operation Mincemeat\\\" as a \\\"surreal\\\" moment when the real Montagu addressed his fictional persona, played by Webb. The film earned an estimated $1.1 million in North American rentals in 1956. The \\\"Radio Times\\\" wrote, \\\"the picture may appear overly reverent by today's standards. But this is still a crucial wartime spy tale that is well worth watching.\\\" The BBC's popular radio comedy show, \\\"The Goon Show\\\", made a send-up of the story of \\\"The Man Who Never Was\\\" (based on the book) and incorporated most of the regular \\\"Goon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4111932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"a pistol, but determined that Heisenberg's efforts and Germany's progress in the developing a weapon were overstated. Later, Berg befriended Heisenberg, and along with his other work both in Switzerland and later in Italy, helped convince U.S. military officials that Germany was not on the verge of developing an atomic bomb. Despite his law degree and offers to coach in the major leagues, Berg opted to live with his brother, Dr. Samuel Berg, in New Jersey and spend the remainder of his life unemployed, living off the good will of friends and family. When people asked Berg what he did\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458432\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Was Lost\",\n \"text\": \"for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \\\"What Was Lost\\\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \\\"What Was Lost\\\" while she was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11413541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"provost of King's College, Cambridge, held a dinner party for Labour Home Secretary Roy Jenkins, Ann Fleming, widow of James Bond author Ian Fleming, and Victor Rothschild and his wife Tess. The Rothschilds brought their friend and lodger – Blunt. All had had wartime connections with British Intelligence; Jenkins at Bletchley Park. Blunt's role was represented under the name Maurice in Andrew Boyle's book \\\"Climate of Treason\\\" in 1979. Maurice was taken from the E. M. Forster novel of that name. Blunt tried to prevent the book's publication, which was reported in the magazine \\\"Private Eye\\\". This drew attention to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland\",\n \"text\": \"Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland The subject of rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe was absent from the postwar historiography until the dissolution of the Soviet Union, although the documents of the era show that the problem was serious both during and after the advance of Soviet forces against Nazi Germany in 1944–1945. The lack of research for nearly half a century regarding the scope of sexual violence by Soviet males, wrote Katherine Jolluck, had been magnified by the traditional taboos among their victims, who were incapable of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15452703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944\",\n \"text\": \"and Holocaust victims. Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the military occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union in 1944. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union. Army Group Centre was in tatters, and the northern edge of the Soviet assault threatened to trap Army Group North in a pocket in the Courland region. Panzers of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz had been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13045443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the military occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union in 1944. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union. Army Group Centre was in tatters, and the northern edge of the Soviet assault threatened to trap Army Group North in a pocket in the Courland region. Panzers of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz had been sent back to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13045429\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Girl Who Was Plugged In\",\n \"text\": \"in order to move up in society. Social status within this society is so dependent on what body one has in that people with “bad” bodies want to move into “better” bodies. Hicks says that this is precisely what gender disembodiment really means within the context of this short story. In relationship to human embodiment and this story, Scientists at MIT have created a device called sensory fiction that allows a reader to physically feel with his or her body what is happening in the story These scientists decided to use The Girl Who Was Plugged In as a prototype\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3124206\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940\",\n \"text\": \"of its independence, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia's sovereignty was fully restored in 1991. On August 22, 1996, the Latvian parliament adopted a declaration which stated that the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 was a military occupation and an illegal incorporation. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Latvia declared its independence on November 18, 1918. After a prolonged War of Independence, Latvia and Soviet Russia (the predecessor of the Soviet Union) signed a peace treaty on August 11, 1920. In its \\\"Article 2\\\" Soviet Russia \\\"unreservedly recognises the independence and sovereignty of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10897692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation zone\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone (; , \\\"Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii\\\", \\\"Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany\\\") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone. The SBZ was one of the four Allied occupation zones of Germany created at the end of World War II. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (German initials: SMAD) was assigned responsibility\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211933\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Spy (Cooper novel)\",\n \"text\": \"ground between the British and Continental armies. Harvey Birch, peddler and patriot, is a character remotely founded upon that of a real spy who helped John Jay. H. L. Barnum's \\\"The Spy Unmasked; or Memoirs of Enoch Crosby, alias Harvey Birch\\\" (1828; 5th ed., 1864) claimed to identify the historical spy. The Spy (Cooper novel) The Spy: a Tale of the Neutral Ground was James Fenimore Cooper's second novel, published in 1821 by Wiley & Halsted. This was the earliest American novel to win wide and permanent fame and may be said to have begun the type of romance which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17193477\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"or prosecuting law-breakers. The clergy were attacked as foreign spies and trials of bishops were conducted with their clergy as well as lay adherents who were reported as 'subversive terroristic gangs' that had been unmasked. Official propaganda at the time called for the banishment of the very concept of God from the Soviet Union. These persecutions were meant to assist the ultimate socialist goal of eliminating religion. From 1932 to 1937 Joseph Stalin declared the 'five-year plans of atheism' and the LMG was charged with completely eliminating all religious expression in the country. Many of these same methods and terror\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10214673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"NOW! (1979–81 magazine)\",\n \"text\": \"and incurred heavy losses. After 84 issues, Goldsmith closed it in 1981. Issue one featured on the cover a grainy black-and-white photograph of Brigadier Khalil al-Azzawi, director of Iraqi Military Intelligence with the banner \\\"Exclusive: How this man's agents spy on Britain...\\\" and a tag for a \\\"Special NOW! Enquiry\\\" on \\\"What the Young Generation really thinks\\\". Its editor was Anthony Shrimsley, Marketing Director (ex-Daily Mirror) Derek Rogers, and senior staff and contributors included, Frank Johnson, Clive Barnes, Art Buchwald and Patrick Hutber. NOW! (1979–81 magazine) NOW! was a British news magazine founded by entrepreneur Sir James Goldsmith, partly as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10263378\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Dog It Was That Died\",\n \"text\": \"jumping off Waterloo Bridge into the Thames. However, the attempt goes wrong when he falls not into the water but onto a passing barge, breaking his legs and killing a dog which was on the deck. Over the course of the play, the reasons for this emerge. Some years ago, Purvis was approached by a Soviet spy named Rashnikov, who asked him to work as a double agent. Purvis reported this to his British superiors, who told him to pretend to work as a Soviet double agent whilst really working for them. However, Purvis also recalls that Rashnikov had told\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6171512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"unusually quiet and reserved and did little more than help warm up pitchers who were about to enter the game. Berg himself only batted 33 times during the 1939 season. \\\"Not a lot of pep or vinegar\\\" is how he was described by Ted Williams who was one of Berg's young teammates. Berg was 39 years old when the United States entered World War II and at that age believed the best contribution he could make to the war effort was to use his language skills to further the allied cause. Using his numerous connections, Berg was offered a position\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458429\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anthony Blunt\",\n \"text\": \"by the Royal Navy. During that same year he was recruited to MI5, the Security Service. Before the war MI5 employed mostly former Indian policemen, for it was in India that the British Empire faced security threats. MI5 may have known Blunt's views, for an officer later claimed that it had been virtually running the Communist Party of Great Britain and complained about the cost of pension payments to its retired infiltrators. Blunt passed the results of Ultra intelligence from decrypted Enigma intercepts of Wehrmacht radio traffic from the Russian front. He also admitted to passing details of German spy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2196706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation zone\",\n \"text\": \"for the (present-day) eastern portion of Germany. By the time forces of the United States and Britain began to meet Soviet forces, forming a Line of contact, significant areas of what would become the Soviet zone of Germany were outside Soviet control. After several months of occupation these gains by the British and Americans were ceded to the Soviets, by July 1945, according to the previously agreed upon occupation zone boundaries. The SMAD allowed four political parties to develop, though they were all required to work together under an alliance known as the \\\"Democratic Bloc\\\" (later the National Front). In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211934\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet occupation zone\",\n \"text\": \"West Germany, which refused to acknowledge the existence of a state in East Germany until 1972, when the government of Willy Brandt extended a qualified recognition under its Ostpolitik initiative. Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone (; , \\\"Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii\\\", \\\"Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany\\\") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone. The SBZ was one of the four\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211937\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Catcher Was a Spy\",\n \"text\": \"Japan during an off-season baseball barnstorming tour in 1934 that were useful to the U.S. military after Pearl Harbor, and that he had worked for the OSS in Europe during the war, assessing whether Germany might make good on its promise to use an atomic device as its last, and most devastating, super-weapon. Nicholas Dawidoff's meticulously researched biography reveals that both stories were essentially true, although both were embellished by Berg, who spent the last quarter-century of his life as a freeloader whose currency as a house guest was not only his wide-ranging intelligence, but the assumption of most of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17458439\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ursula Kuczynski\",\n \"text\": \"confessed that he was a spy. The day before his trial started, fearing that she was about to be unmasked, Agent Sonya left England. In March 1950, after two decades away from the city of her birth, she turned up back in Berlin. Meanwhile, Klaus Fuchs finally identified her as his Soviet contact in November 1950. The espionage-related aspects of her friendship with Melita Norwood only began to emerge several decades later. Germany had changed. Ursula Beurton returned to East Berlin in the Soviet occupation zone of what remained of the country, although the Soviet Military Administration had by now\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15099369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What It Was, Was Football\",\n \"text\": \"record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \\\"What It Was...\\\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \\\"\\\"Deacon\\\" Andy Griffith.\\\" Griffith made an appearance on \\\"The Ed Sullivan Show\\\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \\\"What It Was, Was Football\\\" was printed in \\\"Mad\\\" magazine in 1958,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11372889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Firearm as a blunt weapon\",\n \"text\": \"Firearm as a blunt weapon Firearm as a blunt weapon or firearm as a blunt instrument is the practice of using a firearm as a blunt weapon, rather than the conventional role of shooting with it. Examples of this include: Use of a firearm as a blunt weapon is usually seen in close quarter fighting, or when ammunition for the firearm has run out. It is also an effective battle strategy when ammunition supply is low, since knocking out enemies without firing the gun allows the user to save as many bullets as possible for later, more critical use. New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12876389\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Occupation of the Latvian Republic Day\",\n \"text\": \"of the cabinet of the Latvian government. Soon after, State administrators were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians were deported or killed and Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union as The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. \\\"Soviet Occupation Day\\\" became an official remembrance day on May 18, 2000. Moldova's interim president Mihai Ghimpu instituted in 2010 the Soviet Occupation Day holiday to remember the Soviet occupation on June 28, 1940, but the Constitutional Court cancelled his decree on July 12, 2010. Georgia followed the example and declared February 25 Soviet Occupation Day to recall the Red\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14754350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Firearm as a blunt weapon\",\n \"text\": \"is a more common way to complete the robbery, rather than to shoot or stab them. Firearm as a blunt weapon Firearm as a blunt weapon or firearm as a blunt instrument is the practice of using a firearm as a blunt weapon, rather than the conventional role of shooting with it. Examples of this include: Use of a firearm as a blunt weapon is usually seen in close quarter fighting, or when ammunition for the firearm has run out. It is also an effective battle strategy when ammunition supply is low, since knocking out enemies without firing the gun\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12876391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"as much action as anyone could take.\\\" In their guide \\\"The Bond Files\\\", Andy Lane and Paul Simpson say Wood's novel \\\"counts as a decent Bond novel in its own right, and is certainly more stylish than many of the later volumes.\\\" That said, fan reaction to the novelization has been largely positive, with many fans claiming it to be one of the better James Bond continuation novels. James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me is the official novelization of the 1977 Eon \\\"James Bond\\\" film \\\"The Spy Who Loved Me\\\", which was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4397910\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Was (Not Was)\",\n \"text\": \"guest players. In 1982, the group played on \\\"Don't Walk Away\\\", a solo album for lead singer \\\"Sweet Pea\\\" Atkinson. \\\"Born to Laugh at Tornadoes\\\" (1983) had even more guest musicians, including Ozzy Osbourne rapping over electro, Mitch Ryder singing a techno-rockabilly number, Mel Tormé performing a ballad about asphyxiation, and an abstract funk piece called \\\"Man vs. the Empire Brain Building\\\". Singer Donald Ray Mitchell joined the group as third lead vocalist. In 1988, they found their biggest hit with the album \\\"What Up, Dog?\\\", which featured the singles \\\"Walk the Dinosaur\\\" and \\\"Spy in the House of Love\\\".\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3814593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet espionage in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"information and resources to assist Soviet aims, and agreed to press for release of German occupation currency plates to the Soviet Union. The Soviets later used the plates to print unrestricted sums of money to exchange for U.S. and Allied hard goods. In August 1945 Elizabeth Bentley, fearful of assassination by the Soviet MGB, turned herself in to the government. She implicated many agents and sources in the Golos and Silvermaster spy networks, and was the first to accuse Harry Dexter White of acting on behalf of Soviet interests in releasing occupation plates to Moscow, later confirmed by Soviet archives\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5182726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Guy Liddell\",\n \"text\": \"the Cambridge Five spy ring, Kim Philby and Anthony Blunt and in 1953 following an MI5 internal investigation he took early retirement and went to work as a security adviser to the Atomic Energy Authority. He died of heart failure aged 66 in 1958 at his home, 18 Richmond Court, Sloane Street, London, and was buried at Putney Vale Cemetery. In 1979, Goronwy Rees confessed to having been a Soviet spy, and named Liddell as the Fifth Man. Papers released since have all but completely cleared him of the charge, with the general academic consensus being that he was naïve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12214225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Theodore Maly\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet spy ring known as the Cambridge Five: Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, John Cairncross and Anthony Blunt. Maly also controlled Arthur Wynn, founder of the Oxford spy ring, who had been recruited by Edith Tudor-Hart. In 1937, he left England on a false passport to escape arrest for his involvement in the Woolwich Arsenal spy case. It is assumed that he was tipped off before MI5 could arrange for his arrest. In 1937 as the Stalinist terror took hold, Soviet intelligence personnel working abroad became principal targets of suspicion and were subject to recalls to the Soviet Union.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10673051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\",\n \"text\": \"What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18660879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"What Was Before\",\n \"text\": \"how we choose to tell stories.\\\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \\\"Publishers Weekly\\\" wrote: \\\"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18660880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia\",\n \"text\": \"one-year term. In 1916, George Steward, Official Secretary to Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson, founded and headed the Counter-Espionage Bureau, Australia's first secret service, whose agents pursued Industrial Workers of the World and Sinn Féin activists. Munro Ferguson was as unenthusiastic about these duties of his Official Secretary (whom he dubbed 'Pickle the Spy') and the unsavoury characters who consequently lurked about Government House as he was with the secret political work which Steward sometimes performed for Prime Minister Billy Hughes. The longest serving Official Secretary was Sir Murray Tyrrell, who served six governors-general over 26 years, 1947–1973. The current Acting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12430524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Question of Attribution\",\n \"text\": \"others in the security service. At the end of the film, the time of Blunt's exposure, Blunt tells Chubb that X-rays had revealed the presence of a fourth and fifth man. One of the sub-texts in the scene with the Queen is whether or not Her Majesty knew that Blunt was a former Soviet spy. They briefly discuss the Dutch Vermeer forger Han van Meegeren, and how his paintings now look like fakes, but were accepted as genuine in the (early) 1940s, and touch on the nature of fakes and secrets. After she has left and an assistant asks what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6801033\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["art historians","art-history","historical development of art history","history of art","art historian","history of the visual arts","arthistorians","art-historically","art-historians","history of art","origin of art","history of the arts","social history of art","art-histories","art historical","art historically","arthistory","art-historian","art history","art histories","arthistorically","art-historical","arthistories","art historian","historian of art","arthistorian","arthistorical"],"string":"[\n \"art historians\",\n \"art-history\",\n \"historical development of art history\",\n \"history of art\",\n \"art historian\",\n \"history of the visual arts\",\n \"arthistorians\",\n \"art-historically\",\n \"art-historians\",\n \"history of art\",\n \"origin of art\",\n \"history of the arts\",\n \"social history of art\",\n \"art-histories\",\n \"art historical\",\n \"art historically\",\n \"arthistory\",\n \"art-historian\",\n \"art history\",\n \"art histories\",\n \"arthistorically\",\n \"art-historical\",\n \"arthistories\",\n \"art historian\",\n \"historian of art\",\n \"arthistorian\",\n \"arthistorical\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":586,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which famous name was accused f the abduction of stompie seipei?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Stompie Seipei","text":"Stompie Seipei James Seipei (1974–1 January 1989), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, or Stompie Sepei was a teenage United Democratic Front (UDF) activist from Parys in South Africa. He and three other boys were kidnapped on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the \"Mandela United Football Club\". Moeketsi was murdered on 1 January 1989, the only one of the boys to be killed. Moeketsi joined the street uprising against Apartheid in the mid-1980s at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th","psg_id":"11391140"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Stompie Seipei\",\n \"text\": \"Stompie Seipei James Seipei (1974–1 January 1989), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, or Stompie Sepei was a teenage United Democratic Front (UDF) activist from Parys in South Africa. He and three other boys were kidnapped on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the \\\"Mandela United Football Club\\\". Moeketsi was murdered on 1 January 1989, the only one of the boys to be killed. Moeketsi joined the street uprising against Apartheid in the mid-1980s at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11391140\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Stompie Seipei","text":"Seipei discovered he was an informant, and that he killed the child to cover his tracks. However, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false. The documentary had been described by in a review by Vanity Fair as \"unabashedly one-sided\" and \"overwhelmingly defensive\". Commentator Max du Preez, called the decision by television station eNCA to broadcast the documentary in the week prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without context a \"serious mistake\", and he described it as making \"outrageous claims\", while former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza questioned the motives of the documentary maker. Stompie Seipei James Seipei","psg_id":"11391146"},{"title":"Stompie Seipei","text":"a heavy blow. Appearing before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1997, she said allegations that she was involved in at least 18 human rights abuses including eight murders were \"ridiculous\" and said that her main accuser, former comrade Katiza Cebekhulu, was a former \"mental patient\" and his allegations against her were \"hallucinations\". Cebekhulu had, himself, before the 1991 trial, been tortured, and kidnapped to Zambia, where he was detained for almost three years, at the behest of the ANC, before moving to the UK. The Commission found that the abduction of Stompie Moeketsi had been carried out on","psg_id":"11391143"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"reported, there is some disagreement as to exactly how often they actually occur. Some researchers (especially Budd Hopkins and David M. Jacobs) have been accused of excluding, minimising or suppressing testimony or data which do not fit a certain paradigm for the phenomenon. Bullard argues most abduction accounts feature the following events. They generally follow the sequence noted below, though not all abductions feature all the events: Abduction researcher Joe Nyman has composed a similar but alternative model for abduction narratives. When describing the \"abduction scenario\", David M. Jacobs says: The entire abduction event is precisely orchestrated. All the procedures","psg_id":"12380698"},{"title":"Stompie de Wet","text":"squad for the 2014 Currie Cup qualification tournament. Stompie de Wet Philip Albert \"Stompie\" de Wet (born 14 February 1989 in Kuruman, South Africa) is a former South African rugby union player, that played first class rugby with the from 2011 to 2014. His regular position was flanker. While playing school rugby for Grey College in Bloemfontein, De Wet was selected for the Under-16 side that played at the 2005 Grant Khomo Week. His next provincial representation only came after he moved to Potchefstroom to join the . He was part of the sides that played in the 2009 and","psg_id":"18125448"},{"title":"Stompie de Wet","text":"Stompie de Wet Philip Albert \"Stompie\" de Wet (born 14 February 1989 in Kuruman, South Africa) is a former South African rugby union player, that played first class rugby with the from 2011 to 2014. His regular position was flanker. While playing school rugby for Grey College in Bloemfontein, De Wet was selected for the Under-16 side that played at the 2005 Grant Khomo Week. His next provincial representation only came after he moved to Potchefstroom to join the . He was part of the sides that played in the 2009 and 2010 Under-21 Provincial Championships. He also became a","psg_id":"18125444"},{"title":"Abduction of the Wizard","text":"Abduction of the Wizard Abduction of the Wizard () is a 1989 Soviet science fiction film directed by Viktor Kobzev and based on the novel of the same name by Kir Bulychev. The action takes place in Belarus in the 1980s. The young graduate student Anna comes to her native village to her grandmother's house which she has not visited in 12 years. In the peaceful village she is preparing to write her thesis. Suddenly, two strangers appear in the house and claim that the landlady of this house rented it yesterday to them for two weeks. Events develop and","psg_id":"20648202"},{"title":"The Abduction of Figaro","text":"The Abduction of Figaro The Abduction of Figaro is a comic opera, described as \"A Simply Grand Opera by P. D. Q. Bach,\" which is actually the work of composer Peter Schickele. It is a parody of opera in general, and the title is a play on two operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: \"The Abduction from the Seraglio\" and \"The Marriage of Figaro\". Those two operas, \"Così fan tutte\", and \"Don Giovanni\", as well as Gilbert and Sullivan's \"The Pirates of Penzance\" are among the core inspirations for the piece. Schickele was commissioned to \"discover\" this opera by the Minnesota","psg_id":"508276"},{"title":"History of alien abduction claims","text":"by Betty and Barney Hill abduction case of 1961 (again not widely known until several years afterwards), culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) dramatizing the events. The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case, and was perhaps the first where: Neither the contactees nor these early abduction accounts, however, saw much attention from ufology, then still largely reluctant to consider close encounters of the third kind, where occupants of UFOs are allegedly interacted with. Undoubtedly, the Barney and Betty Hill case is one of, if not the most famous case","psg_id":"12393724"},{"title":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon","text":"aliens. In studies conducted from 1990–1995 at University of New Mexico, psychiatrist Rick Strassman found that approximately 20 percent of volunteers injected with high doses of DMT had experiences similar to purported alien abductions. Many parallels have been drawn between the abduction phenomenon and other unusual events. For example, Robert Sheaffer wrote about similarities between claims of witchcraft and claims of alien abductions. He said similar imagery involving non-human creatures, uncovered memories, and sex are involved in both the abduction phenomenon and the activities of those accused of witchcraft, and says these commonalities suggest the two phenomena share a common,","psg_id":"12385400"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"The quantity and not just quality of reports appears to be affected by culture as abduction reports are made less frequently in non-English speaking countries. Furthermore, the contents and structure of the \"abduction narrative\" as outlined by researchers like Nyman and Bullard was already established in fictional form by 1930 in a Buck Rogers strip. The strip depicts an alien craft piloted by martian \"Tiger Men\" which capture a female character and subject her to similar treatment as those in real-world abduction claims. The story is structurally more similar to the archetypal narrative outline devised by Bullard than the vast","psg_id":"12380739"},{"title":"Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee","text":"Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee The abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee occurred in North Korea between 1978 and 1986. Shin Sang-ok was a famous South Korean film director married to actress Choi Eun-hee. Together, they established Shin Film and made many films through the 1960s which garnered recognition for South Korea at various film festivals. In 1978 Choi was abducted and taken to North Korea to meet North Korea's soon-to-be dictator Kim Jong-il. The abduction of Shin followed six months later. After three years in prison, Shin was united with Choi, and the two were instructed","psg_id":"19199189"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"used in human medicine, they are often quite different, for example, alleged alien syringes are often reported as being \"three pronged.\" After the so-called medical exam, the alleged abductees often report other procedures being performed with the entities. Common among these post-examination procedures are what abduction researchers refer to as imaging, envisioning, staging, and testing. Abductees of all ages (even small children) and genders sometimes report being subjected to a \"child presentation.\" As its name implies, the child presentation involves the abduction claimant being shown a \"child.\" Often the children appear to be neither human, nor the same species as","psg_id":"12380716"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon The narrative of the abduction phenomenon is an alleged core of similarity in contents and chronology underlying various claims of forced temporary abduction of humans by apparently otherworldly beings. Proponents of the abduction phenomenon contend that this similarity is evidence of the veracity of the phenomenon as an objective reality, although this belief is disregarded by most scientists, who regard alien abduction as a purely psychological and cultural phenomenon. Skeptics of the abduction phenomenon contend that similarities between reports arise from commonalities rooted in human psychology and neurology or cast doubt on the presence of","psg_id":"12380695"},{"title":"Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati","text":"out and killing them from exhaustion. This secret was divulged to one of the Garudas by the ascetic Karambiya, who taught him how to seize a nāga by the tail and force him to vomit up his stone (Pandara Jātaka, J.518). Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati is a famous Buddhist tale about the former lives of the Buddha, called a Jataka. In this story, the Buddha was born in a previous life as the king of Benares, and therefore was still a Bodhisattva, and ruled with his beloved queen, Kakati. The royal solar bird Garuda","psg_id":"20341099"},{"title":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon","text":"focuses on the effects of mass marketing is art historian John F. Moffitt's 2003 book \"Picturing Extraterrestrials: Alien Images in Modern Mass Culture\" According to Brian Dunning, proposed psychological alternative explanations of the abduction phenomenon have included hallucination, temporary schizophrenia, epileptic seizures, and parasomnia—near-sleep mental states (hypnagogic states, night terrors and sleep paralysis). Sleep paralysis is often accompanied by hallucinations and sensations of a malevolent or neutral presence, though people experiencing it do not usually interpret that \"something\" as aliens. Many skeptics believe alien abductees lie about their abduction experiences. The main motivators for such hoaxes are believed to be","psg_id":"12385382"},{"title":"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)","text":"subject he completed, but Rembrandt's others display many of the same influences as this. \"The Abduction of Europa,\" The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2013, \"Europa,\" The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 2014, The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings. The piece is oil on canvas and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum. The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\", part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa. The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away","psg_id":"17449488"},{"title":"Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati","text":"Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati is a famous Buddhist tale about the former lives of the Buddha, called a Jataka. In this story, the Buddha was born in a previous life as the king of Benares, and therefore was still a Bodhisattva, and ruled with his beloved queen, Kakati. The royal solar bird Garuda came to the court disguised as a man and gambled with the king. He then became enamored of the queen and abducted her. He carried her off to his nest by the Simbali-Lake and there lived with her. When Garuda heard","psg_id":"20341097"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"sexual experiences. These elements, and many aspects of what witnesses describe, are very common in old stories of encounters with faeries, demons, and other magical creatures. Narrative of the abduction phenomenon The narrative of the abduction phenomenon is an alleged core of similarity in contents and chronology underlying various claims of forced temporary abduction of humans by apparently otherworldly beings. Proponents of the abduction phenomenon contend that this similarity is evidence of the veracity of the phenomenon as an objective reality, although this belief is disregarded by most scientists, who regard alien abduction as a purely psychological and cultural phenomenon.","psg_id":"12380742"},{"title":"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)","text":"inclusion of a crane, a tool which did not exist in the first century when Ovid was alive. This detail strengthens the parallel between Tyre and the Dutch ports, as Rembrandt attempts to connect the story to Specx's livelihood. The relationship also alludes to Europa's impending new destination, where she will give Europe her name. Most scholars agree that this narrative was chosen specifically by Rembrandt to reinterpret and mirror Specx's career. Artistically, \"The Abduction of Europa\" reflects the attitudes and interests of Rembrandt and other Dutch painters during the early to mid seventeenth century. The work embodies the international","psg_id":"17449483"},{"title":"The Abduction of Figaro","text":"Cavatina and dialogue: \"You can beat me\" 31. Act II Finale Act Three: A tropical forest 32. Ballet 33. Trio and dialogue: \"A magic forest\" 34. Duet and dialogue: \"I am a swineherd\" 35. Finale (Part I) and dialogue 36. Aria and dialogue: \"Why, oh why\" 37. Finale (Part II) 38. Curtain calls and closing credits 39. Closing remarks by Prof. Schickele DVD Bonus Selections The Abduction of Figaro The Abduction of Figaro is a comic opera, described as \"A Simply Grand Opera by P. D. Q. Bach,\" which is actually the work of composer Peter Schickele. It is","psg_id":"508280"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"these apparently bizarre, pointless behaviors were not mistakes at all. Dr. Don C. Donderi writes that \"In many of these abduction accounts, there is independent confirmation of missing time--emotionally stable people arriving hours late after long or short automobile journeys. There is independent confirmation of abduction events reported under hypnosis, sometimes by non hypnotized observers and sometimes by other hypnotized witnesses\" (Donderi, 66) Physician and abduction researcher John G. Miller sees significance in the reason a person would come to see themselves as being a victim of the abduction phenomenon. He terms the insight or development leading to this shift","psg_id":"12380735"},{"title":"Child abduction","text":"Child abduction Child abduction or child theft is the unauthorized removal of a minor (a child under the age of legal adulthood) from the custody of the child's natural parents or legally appointed guardians. The term child abduction conflates two legal and social categories which differ by their perpetrating contexts: abduction by members of the child's family or abduction by strangers: Neonatal \"infant abduction\" and prenatal fetal abduction are the earliest ages of child abduction as defined by a viable child through the age of majority. In addition, \"embryo theft\" and even \"oocyte misappropriation\" in reproductive medical settings have been","psg_id":"13211261"},{"title":"International child abduction","text":"history of cross-border child abduction must search for terms like \"custodial interference,\" \"contempt of child custody orders,\" \"legal kidnapping\" or, in cases where children were viewed more as property than as individual subjects of rights, name variations on theft, child-maintenance debt and smuggling, among others. Lawmakers struggled to typify and discuss international child abduction and discussions at the Hague Conference on Private International Law noted that, what some were referring to with variations on \"legal kidnapping,\" was an oxymoron since that which is legal cannot be kidnapping and that which is kidnapping cannot be legal. The response to these concerns","psg_id":"14487198"},{"title":"History of alien abduction claims","text":"blood. Icke has drawn parallels with the 1980s science-fiction series \"V\", in which the earth is taken over by reptiloid aliens disguised as humans. History of alien abduction claims History of alien abduction claims describes assertions or claims that people have experienced alien abduction. Such claims came to international prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, but some researchers argue abduction narratives can be traced to decades earlier. Such abduction stories have been studied by investigators who believe the accounts describe actual, literal interaction with non-human or extraterrestrial entities. Others have investigated alien abduction claims from a more skeptical perspective, arguing","psg_id":"12393737"},{"title":"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)","text":"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings. The piece is oil on canvas and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum. The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\", part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa. The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away in rough waters by a bull while her friends remain on shore with expressions of horror. Rembrandt combined his knowledge of classical literature with the interests of the patron in order","psg_id":"17449476"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"body. Sometimes the hybrid will engage in a \"mindscan\" of the abductee. Female abductees have reported being ordered to breastfeed hybrid infants. The alleged experiencers' reaction to this command varies, sometimes they comply, but some women are horrified by the thought. Folklorist Dr. Thomas E. Bullard conducted a study of 300 reports of alien abduction in an attempt to observe the less prominent aspects of the claims. He notes the emergence of four general categories of events which recur regularly, although not as frequently as stereotypical happenings like the medical examination. These four types of events are: Chronologically within abduction","psg_id":"12380720"},{"title":"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)","text":"its location, and familiarized himself with van Mander's theories and interpretations of Ovid's myths. Van Mander commented on Europa's abduction, with a European spin to it. Ovid's account of the abduction of Europa is found in Book II 833-75 of \"Metamorphoses\". Europa is a princess of Tyre, who is playing with her court on the coast when a beautiful bull appears. Europa mounts the bull, which quickly whisks her away into the ocean. When Europa and her friends notice the bull retreating further into the sea without coming back, the bull transforms into Zeus and carries her to Mount Olympus","psg_id":"17449479"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"and abduction researcher, notes that \"startling similarities\" between abductees reporting procedures performed on the head arise when comparing reports of hypnotically retrieved abduction memories. She states that the most commonly reported sensations and procedures performed to the head are feelings of pressure in or on the head and the insertion of needles into the scalp. During cranial procedures the abductee's head is often restrained by a strap or metal bar drawn across the forehead. The abductors sometimes will touch the forehead of the experiencer, which strangely, seems to ease their anxiety and whatever physical pain they may be experiencing. Reports","psg_id":"12380708"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"narratives while apparently having no knowledge of each other's claims. Some abduction investigators attempt to confirm the reality of events reported in abduction claims through observation or experimentation, although such efforts are generally dismissed as pseudoscientific by mainstream academics. Although different cases vary in detail (sometimes significantly), some UFO researchers, such as folklorist Thomas E. Bullard argue that there is a broad, fairly consistent sequence and description of events which make up the typical \"close encounter of the fourth kind\" (a popular but unofficial designation building on Dr. J. Allen Hynek's classifying terminology). Though the features outlined below are often","psg_id":"12380697"},{"title":"The Abduction of Ganymede","text":"painter Nicolaes Maes even made a whole series of paintings of Ganymedes that are considered deathbed portraits of children. An inventory, made on 17 February 1671, of the estate of Catharina van der Pluym, widow of Willem Schilperoort and aunt of Rembrandt's great-nephew and pupil Karel van der Pluym, mentions \"een stuck van Ganimedes - f7.- \" The Abduction of Ganymede The Abduction of Ganymede is a 1635 painting of Ganymede by the Dutch Golden Age painter Rembrandt in the collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1915, who wrote: \"207. THE","psg_id":"19540231"},{"title":"The Abduction of Ganymede","text":"The Abduction of Ganymede The Abduction of Ganymede is a 1635 painting of Ganymede by the Dutch Golden Age painter Rembrandt in the collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1915, who wrote: \"207. THE RAPE OF GANYMEDE. Sm. 197; Bode 79 ; Dut. 106 ; Wb. 70 ; B-HdG. 197. The eagle of Zeus, seen in front with out-stretched wings, rises towards the heavens. He holds with his beak the clothing, and with his talons the left arm, of the fair curly-haired boy, who, turned sharply to the left and almost","psg_id":"19540225"},{"title":"The Abduction of Hippodameia","text":"The Abduction of Hippodameia The Abduction of Hippodamia, () is a work by the 19th-century French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, modeled c. 1877 and cast thereafter. The subject is from Greek mythology: During the wedding of Hippodamia and Pirithous, the barbaric centaurs who had been invited became wildly intoxicated, attacking the other guests and even the hosts. The centaur Eurytus attempted to carry off the bride, and a battle between the humans and the centaurs ensued. An earlier similar work, cast in silver, was commissioned by the Jockey Club to be a trophy at the Bois de Boulogne horse races in","psg_id":"8877486"},{"title":"Child abduction","text":"members. ICMEC reviews the postings to ensure that any child in a posted video is in fact missing, that authorities are aware that the child is missing, and that the images are not inappropriate. See the Child Abduction Act 1984, the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985 and the Child Abduction (Northern Ireland) Order 1985. Child abduction Child abduction or child theft is the unauthorized removal of a minor (a child under the age of legal adulthood) from the custody of the child's natural parents or legally appointed guardians. The term child abduction conflates two legal and social categories which","psg_id":"13211276"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"similarities between reports at all. They note the evolving contents of abduction claims and the apparent effect of culture on the details of the narratives as evidence that the phenomenon is a purely subjective experience. Skeptics also point out the likelihood of large numbers of hoaxes being present in the abduction literature. Currently the skeptical perspective is the most prevalent among scientists and academics. Many scientists believe that pro-abduction researchers are practising pseudoscience, alleging that they lack the skepticism and methodological rigor of true scientists. Believers assert that it is unlikely for hundreds of people to independently generate such similar","psg_id":"12380696"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"majority of those in Bullard's own catalogue of cases. However, Bullard does not see evidence for influence on abduction claimants from science fiction sources. In an essay, Bullard writes that \"The small showing for monstrous types and the fact that they concentrate in less reliable cases should disappoint skeptics who look for the origin of abductions in the influence of Hollywood. Nothing like the profusion of imaginative screen aliens appears in the abduction literature.\" There are however cultural differences in perception of these reported incidents. The frightening \"terror abduction\" experience is reported mainly in the USA, while in the rest","psg_id":"12380740"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"these specific prophecies has ever come to pass. Tours of the abductors' craft are a rare but recurring feature of the abduction narrative. Thomas Bullard reports that in a study of 300 reported abduction events, only 16 contained some sort of tour. The tour seems to be given by the alleged abductors as a courtesy in response to the harshness and physical rigors of the forced medical examination. Abduction claimants often feel that the \"engine room\" is the most memorable aspect, although control rooms and in very rare cases living or recreation areas have been visited in some reports. The","psg_id":"12380726"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"the abductors. Instead, the child will almost always share characteristics of \"both\" species. These children are labeled by experiencers as hybrids between humans and their abductors, usually Greys. It has been speculated that these children are the products of the reproductive procedures performed during the medical phase of the abduction. Unlike Budd Hopkins and David Jacobs, folklorist Thomas Bullard could not identify a child presentation phase in the abduction narrative, even after undertaking a study of 300 abduction reports. Bullard says that the child presentation \"seems to be an innovation in the story.\" And that \"no clear antecedents\" to descriptions","psg_id":"12380717"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"female abductees report a \"gynecological\" aspect to the abduction experience, although staples of terrestrial gynecology such as the bimanual pelvic exam are missing from the alleged abduction experiences. Sometimes reports are made where the abductees are made to have sex with apparent human–alien hybrids or other abductees. David M. Jacobs says that sex with full-blooded aliens \"is not a feature of the abduction scenario.\" Males report that sperm is either taken and/or they have sex with the aliens. (From Nick Pope's book \"The Uninvited (book)\") One procedure reported occurring during the alleged exam phase of the experience is the insertion","psg_id":"12380712"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"report unusual feelings preceding the onset of an abduction experience. These feelings manifest as a compulsive desire to be at a certain place at a certain time or as expectations that something \"familiar yet unknown,\" will soon occur. Abductees also report feeling severe, undirected anxiety at this point even though nothing unusual has actually occurred yet. This period of foreboding can last for up to several days before the abduction actually takes place or be completely absent. Eventually, the experiencer will undergo an apparent \"shift\" into an altered state of consciousness. British abduction researchers have called this change in consciousness","psg_id":"12380700"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"reports these rarer episodes tend to happen in the order listed, between the medical examination and the return. After allegedly displaying cold callous disregard towards the abduction experiencers, sometimes the entities will change drastically in behavior once the initial medical exam is completed. They become more relaxed and hospitable towards their captive and lead him or her away from the site of the examination. The entities then hold a conference with the experiencer, wherein they discuss things relevant to the abduction phenomenon. In Dr. Bullard's study, 79 out of 300 studied abduction claims included a conference narrative. Not all conferences","psg_id":"12380721"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"entities.\" Although the realization event is sometimes triggered by an attempt to hypnotically retrieve memories, it is frequently remembered consciously without any such assistance. Consequently, Miller sees it as a good \"starting point\" for a researcher investigating an individual subject. Skeptics Robert Sheaffer and Phillip J. Klass agree that individual abduction researchers appear to exert influence on the characteristics of narratives retrieved during hypnotic recall. This influence tends to shape recovered abduction narratives in a way that reinforces the preconceived biases of the individual researcher. Klass jokingly recommends those considering hypnotic regression to uncover abduction memories to visit R. Leo","psg_id":"12380737"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"of a long needle-like contraption into a woman's navel. Although most well known to have occurred in the Betty and Barney Hill abduction as a \"pregnancy test\", this feature has even been reported by little girls. Skin scrapings are a staple of abduction reports from as far back as the Hill encounter. According to Richard Hall, most skin scrapings are reportedly taken from the arms and collar bone region. Physician and abduction researcher John Altshuler notes that the main reasons a human doctor would collect skin scrapings would be to check for bacterial or fungal infections. Altshuler dismisses speculation from","psg_id":"12380713"},{"title":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon","text":"and abductions, which, he concludes, are manifestations of the demonic. Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon are explanations that are intended to explain claims of abduction and examination by apparently otherworldly beings. The main differences between these perspectives lie in the credence ascribed to the claims. Perspectives range from the assertion that all abductions are hoaxes to the belief that the claims are of objective happenings and separate from the consciousness of the claimants. Some researchers are intrigued by abduction phenomena, but hesitate to make definitive conclusions. Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack, a leading authority on","psg_id":"12385403"},{"title":"The Abduction of Hippodameia","text":"opinion is that, while the subject matter and the lines of Hippodamia exemplify Carrier-Belleuse's style, the expression and musculature of the centaur suggest Rodin. The Abduction of Hippodameia The Abduction of Hippodamia, () is a work by the 19th-century French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, modeled c. 1877 and cast thereafter. The subject is from Greek mythology: During the wedding of Hippodamia and Pirithous, the barbaric centaurs who had been invited became wildly intoxicated, attacking the other guests and even the hosts. The centaur Eurytus attempted to carry off the bride, and a battle between the humans and the centaurs ensued. An","psg_id":"8877488"},{"title":"Abduction of the Wizard","text":"Jules goes after the genius, but in the past he is discovered. The only one who can come to his rescue is Anna. She proposes to send herself to the past and by making use of using her similar to princess Magdalena looks helps her escape from the future. The true genius is not Roman, but his ugly and at first inconspicuous assistant Akiplesha. He is saved immediately before the final destruction of the city. Anna is safely transferred back in time. Abduction of the Wizard Abduction of the Wizard () is a 1989 Soviet science fiction film directed by","psg_id":"20648205"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"attention until several years later. Widespread publicity was generated by the Betty and Barney Hill abduction case of 1961, culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) dramatizing the events. The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case and was perhaps the first in which the claimant described beings that later became widely known as the Greys and in which the beings were said to explicitly identify an extraterrestrial origin. Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abductions, skeptic Peter Rogerson notes they were only the first abduction cases,","psg_id":"2881538"},{"title":"Wrongfully Accused","text":"Wrongfully Accused Wrongfully Accused is a 1998 German-American satirical comedy film written, produced and directed by Pat Proft, and starring Leslie Nielsen as a man who has been framed for murder and desperately attempts to expose the true culprits. The film is a parody of the 1993 film \"The Fugitive\". World-famous violinist Ryan Harrison (Leslie Nielsen, who had guest starred in two early episodes of \"The Fugitive\" television series in the 1960s) is seen giving a concert. Afterwards, he goes to a party where he meets Hibbing Goodhue (Michael York), a millionaire who sponsors Harrison's performances, as well as Goodhue's","psg_id":"5092591"},{"title":"Wrongfully Accused","text":"by Lauren, Sean and accomplices, but Fergus Falls and a SWAT team arrive just in the nick of time, arresting the terrorists. Falls officially tells Harrison that he was \"wrongfully accused\", clearing his name and acquitting him. In the last scene, Harrison and Cass are riding on the bow of a cruise ship (spoofing \"Titanic\") and end up bumping their heads on a low bridge. \"Wrongfully Accused\" was released in Germany on July 23, 1998. The film opened on August 21, 1998 in 2,062 cinemas. On its opening weekend, it grossed USD $3,504,630 or approximately $1,700 per theatre. \"Wrongfully Accused\"s","psg_id":"5092596"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"navel. Some have speculated that this could be a form of laparoscopy. If this is true, after the abduction there should be free gas in the female's abdomen, which could be seen on an x-ray. The presence of free gas would be extremely abnormal, and would help substantiate the claim of some sort of procedure being done to her. Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe \"subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures\". People claiming to have been abducted are usually called","psg_id":"2881576"},{"title":"Winnie Madikizela-Mandela","text":"Katiza Cebekhulu's abduction to Zambia, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda government, before moving to the UK was done by the ANC, and in the \"interests\" of Madikizela-Mandela. The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Paul Verryn to be \"unfounded and without any merit\" and that \"Madikizela-Mandela deliberately and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an attempt to divert attention away from herself and [her] associates...\". The TRC also found that she was responsible for the abduction of, and assaults on, Stompie Sepei, and that she had attempted to cover up his death by claiming","psg_id":"460324"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"of general awareness concerning the data: \"The most intense demand for alternative explanations tends to come from those who are either unfamiliar with the rich complexity of the abduction phenomenon, or from those who are so wedded to a worldview\" that they find the phenomenon \"prima facie\" unacceptable. While \"alien abduction\" did not achieve widespread attention until the 1960s, there were many similar stories circulating decades earlier. These early abduction-like accounts have been dubbed \"paleo-abductions\" by UFO researcher Jerome Clark. An early alien abduction claim occurred in the mid-1950s with the Antonio Vilas Boas case, which did not receive much","psg_id":"2881537"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"and Keith Basterfield both noted at the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference that of the five cases they knew of where an abduction researcher was present at the onset of an abduction experience, the experiencer \"didn't physically go anywhere.\" Brazilian researcher Gilda Moura reported on a similar case, the Sueli case, from her home country. When psychologist and UFO researcher Don Donderi said that these cases were \"evidence of psychological processes\" that did not \"have anything to do with a physical alien abduction,\" Moura replied \"If the Sueli case is not an abduction, I don't know what is an abduction","psg_id":"2881574"},{"title":"Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee","text":"September, 2017. In January 2016, at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival, in the World Cinema Documentary Competition, a documentary about the North Korean ordeal, entitled \"The Lovers and the Despot\" and directed by Robert Cannan and Ross Adam, was presented. The French TV mini-series, \"Kim Kong\", produced by Arte, written by Simon Jablonka and Alexis Le Sec, directed by Stephen Cafiero and starring Jonathan Lambert, is based upon these events. Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee The abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee occurred in North Korea between 1978 and 1986. Shin Sang-ok was a famous South Korean","psg_id":"19199201"},{"title":"History of alien abduction claims","text":"History of alien abduction claims History of alien abduction claims describes assertions or claims that people have experienced alien abduction. Such claims came to international prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, but some researchers argue abduction narratives can be traced to decades earlier. Such abduction stories have been studied by investigators who believe the accounts describe actual, literal interaction with non-human or extraterrestrial entities. Others have investigated alien abduction claims from a more skeptical perspective, arguing they can be best understood as expressions of folklore or various psychological phenomena. The Antonio Vilas Boas case from Brazil (1957) and the Hill","psg_id":"12393720"},{"title":"Winnie Madikizela-Mandela","text":"killed Sepei, had been tortured and kidnapped to Zambia by her supporters, prior to the trial, to prevent him testifying against her. Her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine on appeal. In 1992, she was accused of ordering the murder of Dr. Abu Baker Asvat, a family friend, and prominent Soweto doctor, who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted, but before he had been killed. Mandela's role in the Asvat killing was later probed as part of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings, in 1997. Asvat's murderer testified that she paid the equivalent","psg_id":"460319"},{"title":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon","text":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon are explanations that are intended to explain claims of abduction and examination by apparently otherworldly beings. The main differences between these perspectives lie in the credence ascribed to the claims. Perspectives range from the assertion that all abductions are hoaxes to the belief that the claims are of objective happenings and separate from the consciousness of the claimants. Some researchers are intrigued by abduction phenomena, but hesitate to make definitive conclusions. Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack, a leading authority on the spiritual or transformational effects of alleged alien abduction experiences,","psg_id":"12385377"},{"title":"Parental child abduction","text":"the child's home country. The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international human rights treaty and legal mechanism to recover children abducted to another country. The Hague Convention does not provide relief in many cases, resulting in some parents hiring private parties to recover their children. By 2007, the United States, European authorities, and NGOs had begun serious interest in the use of mediation as a means by which some international child abduction cases may be resolved. The primary focus was on Hague cases. Parental child abduction Parental child abduction is the hiding, taking,","psg_id":"15604019"},{"title":"Alien abduction entities","text":"From Mars\", and those reported to have actually abducted people. Commonalities exist in the appearances, behavior, technology and societies of fictional and allegedly real abductors. Furthermore, the contents and structure of the \"abduction narrative\" as outlined by researchers like Nyman and Bullard was already established in fictional form by 1930 in a Buck Rogers strip. However, Bullard does not see evidence for influence on abduction claimants from science fiction sources. Alien abduction entities Alien abduction entities are the beings alleged to secretly abduct and subject experiencers to a forced medical examination which often emphasizes their reproductive system. Mainstream scientists and","psg_id":"12394068"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"alien abductors.\" Matheson writes that when compared to the earlier contactee reports, abduction accounts are distinguished by their \"relative sophistication and subtlety, which enabled them to enjoy an immediately more favorable reception from the public.\" Some writers have said abduction experiences bear similarities to pre-20th century accounts of demonic manifestations, noting as many as a dozen similarities. One notable example is the Orthodox monk Fr. Seraphim Rose, who devotes a whole chapter in his book \"Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future\" to the phenomena of UFOs and abductions, which, he concludes, are manifestations of the demonic. Abduction researcher Brian","psg_id":"2881572"},{"title":"History of alien abduction claims","text":"would have us believe.\" (The phrase \"entirely unpredisposed\" appeared in folklorist Thomas E. Bullard's study of alien abduction; he argued that alien abductions as reported in the 1970s and 1980s had little precedent in folklore or fiction.) While \"alien abduction\" did not achieve widespread attention until the 1960s, there were many similar stories circulating decades earlier. These early abduction-like accounts have been dubbed \"paleo-abductions\" by UFO researcher Jerome Clark. This same two-part article ( and ) makes note of many paleo-abductions, some of which were reported well before the 1957 Antonio Vilas Boas case earned much attention, or even before","psg_id":"12393722"},{"title":"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)","text":"to create this allegorical work. The use of an ancient myth to impart a contemporary thought and his portrayal of the scene using the High Baroque style are two strong aspects of the work. The \"Abduction of Europa\" is Rembrandt's reinterpretation of the story, placed in a more contemporary setting. He developed an interest in the classical world early in his life while in Amsterdam. Rembrandt moved to Amsterdam in 2018 Jacques Specx, of the Dutch East India Company, commissioned Rembrandt to complete \"The Abduction of Europa\". Specx had established a trading center in Japan in 1609, served as the","psg_id":"17449477"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"are reported to occur in the same manner. Bullard notes five general categories of discussion that occur during the conference \"phase\" of reported abduction narratives: During an interrogation session one party involved in the abduction will question the other. This can mean that the witness is permitted to ask questions of his captors or that the entities will ask questions of the experiencer. The entities usually ask about aspects of human life that appear to puzzle them. Dr. Bullard notes, \"Time, life-spans, emotions and the individuality of humans seem to be recurrent topics.\" The aliens also sometimes question the abductees","psg_id":"12380722"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"in identity from non-abductee to abductee the \"realization event.\" The realization event is often a single, memorable experience, but Miller reports that not all abductees experience it as a distinct episode. Either way, the realization event can be thought of as the \"clinical horizon\" of the abduction experience. Dr. Miller has compiled an incomplete list of common triggers for the realization event in a paper presented at the 1992 alien abduction conference held at MIT: Sometimes the advent of the realization that one is an abductee can cause a \"flood\" of previously hidden memories of one's perceived encounters with \"the","psg_id":"12380736"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"or irrespective to the will of the experiencer. Such procedures often focus on sex and reproductive biology. However, the literature holds reports of a wide variety of procedures allegedly performed by the beings. The entity that appears to be in charge of the operation is often taller than the others involved. Physician and abduction researcher Dr. John G. Miller explains that among abduction reports what stands out is the contrast between procedures performed by the alleged entities and those performed by doctors practicing typical earthly medicine. He says \"we're not hearing about 'our kind of medicine'\" Miller believes these differences","psg_id":"12380705"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"A. Clancy, a skeptic at Harvard Medical School who studied abductees' psychology, noted that \"all of the subjects, without exception, said they felt 'changed' because of their experiences. ...Abductees have said, it 'enlarged my world view,' 'gave me wisdom to share,' 'caused me to care about the spiritual path of mankind,' 'expanded my reality'.\" \"Being abducted by aliens,\" she concludes, \"is a transformative event. ...It's clear that people get from their abduction beliefs the same things that millions of people the world over derive from their religions: meaning, reassurance, mystical revelation, spirituality, transformation.\" Some abduction-induced theophanies have included visions or","psg_id":"12380730"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"proceeds, claimants say they will walk or be levitated into an alien craft, often through solid objects like walls or a window. Alternatively, they may experience rising through a tunnel with or without the abductors accompanying them into the awaiting craft. Most abductees report being taken from their bedroom prior to falling asleep. Typically, at the onset of the abduction experience, the abductee will report paralysis, sighting a bright light, and the appearance of humanoid figures. In many abduction reports, the individual(s) concerned are traveling by automobile at the time of the incident, usually at night or in the early","psg_id":"12380702"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"Sprinkle, whose regression sessions more frequently \"uncover\" reports of benevolent aliens. Sheaffer also cites research done into hypnosis as a method for enhancing memory that concludes that false memories, subjectively real to the patient, can be created merely through suggestions while they are in a hypnotic trance. Although proponents have argued that there is a core narrative consistent across abduction claims, there is little doubt that variation occurs in the details of reports across cultures and geographic boundaries. Skeptics like Robert Sheaffer assert that this variation supports a psycho-social hypothesis as an explanation for the origin of the abduction phenomenon.","psg_id":"12380738"},{"title":"Alien abduction claimants","text":"presenting a paper on the subject to the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference several investigators in attendance accused him of leading his subjects in his hypnotic regression sessions, possibly encouraging them to confabulate. However, some of Nyman's subjects disagreed with the accusations and defended him. In a study investigating the motivations of the alleged abductors, Jenny Randles found that in each of the four cases out of fifty total where the experiencer was over forty years of age or more, they were rejected by the aliens for \"what they (the experiencers) usually inferred to be a medical reason.\" Randles concludes","psg_id":"12390267"},{"title":"History of alien abduction claims","text":"phenomenon in the late 1980s, interviewing dozens of people, and eventually writing two books on the subject. Mack was somewhat more guarded in his investigations and interpretations of the abduction phenomenon than the earlier researchers. Matheson writes that \"On balance, Mack does present as fair-minded an account as has been encountered to date, at least as these abduction narratives go.\" (Matheson, 251) Furthermore, Mack notes when alternative interpretations are viable; throughout \"Abduction\", his first book on the subject, he allows and even considers likely that alien abductions are a new type of visionary experience. Matheson notes that unlike earlier abduction","psg_id":"12393731"},{"title":"History of alien abduction claims","text":"abduction from the United States (1961) were the first cases of UFO abduction to earn widespread attention. Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abduction narratives, skeptic Peter Rogerson argues that this assertion is incorrect: the Hill and Boas abductions, he contends, were only the first \"canonical\" abduction cases, establishing a template that later abductees and researchers would refine, but rarely deviate from. Additionally, Rogerson notes purported abductions were cited contemporaneously at least as early as 1954, and that \"the growth of the abduction stories is a far more tangled affair than the 'entirely unpredisposed' official history","psg_id":"12393721"},{"title":"Fetal abduction","text":"fetal abduction. Of the current list of 25 reported cases (not including attempts), 4 of the mothers and 13 of their fetuses survived. (This list distinguishes an attempted fetal abduction as without either murder of the mother or extraction of the fetus. An attempt can include severe injury to the mother and fetus.) Fetal Attraction: a Descriptive Study of Patterns in Fetal Abductions Report: Fetal abduction cases on the rise Fetal abduction Fetal abduction refers to the rare crime of child abduction by murder of an at term pregnant mother and extraction of her fetus through a crude cesarean section.","psg_id":"14436019"},{"title":"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon","text":"are predetermined. There is no standing around and deciding what to do next. The beings are task-oriented and there is no indication whatsoever that we have been able to find of any aspect of their lives outside of performing the abduction procedures. Alleged alien abductions are often closely connected to UFO reports, and are sometimes supposedly conducted by so-called Greys: Short, grey-skinned humanoids with large, pear-shaped heads and enormous dark eyes, although many different types of abducting entities have been reported, and the reported abductors seem to vary by the culture and place of origin of the experience. Abduction claimants","psg_id":"12380699"},{"title":"The Abduction Club","text":"embittered Attorney General Lord Fermoy, implicates Byrne and Strang in the murder of a Redcoat soldier. The Abduction Club The Abduction Club is a British romantic comedy-drama adventure film released in 2002; it was directed by Stefan Schwartz. Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them. It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten (the British director and writer, not the American comedian) In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to","psg_id":"13190286"},{"title":"The Abduction Club","text":"The Abduction Club The Abduction Club is a British romantic comedy-drama adventure film released in 2002; it was directed by Stefan Schwartz. Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them. It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten (the British director and writer, not the American comedian) In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to secure wealth. Both are younger sons that will not inherit titles and estates so they become","psg_id":"13190284"},{"title":"Abduction!","text":"this book was featured on a KMSP newscast discussing a parent who was disturbed by the book when her 4th grader brought it home and read it aloud. This book contains graphic language including a descriptive account of a man aiming a gun at a young girl's heart. In 2007, \"Abduction!\" was awarded the \"Mark Twain Award\" by the Missouri Association of School Librarians. Abduction! Abduction! by Peg Kehret, is a novel about a 13-year-old girl named Bonnie who searches for her brother Matt and their dog Pookie who were both abducted. Her abductor, a mystery at first, ends up","psg_id":"7484885"},{"title":"Emilcin Abduction","text":"memories in an interview with Henryk Pomorski and Krystyna Adamczyk in July 1978, two months following the incident. The audio tape of the interview was kept in a private archive for a long time before being released to the public. In 2005, a memorial was constructed in Emilcin at to commemorate the alien abduction of Jan Wolski. The text in Polish, read: \"On 10 May 1978 in Emilcin a UFO object landed. The truth will astonish us in the future\". Emilcin Abduction Emilcin Abduction was a supposed alien abduction of farmer, Jan Wolski in May 1978. There was little media","psg_id":"12635737"},{"title":"Emilcin Abduction","text":"Emilcin Abduction Emilcin Abduction was a supposed alien abduction of farmer, Jan Wolski in May 1978. There was little media attention at the time. A monument was subsequently erected in Emilcin, Poland, at the site where the abduction is said to have taken place. Jan Wolski (; 29 May 1907 – 8 January 1990) was out driving a horse-drawn cart early on 10 May 1978 when he says he was jumped by two \"short, green-faced humanoid entities\" about tall. The two beings jumped onto Wolski's cart and, according to Wolski, sat next to him and started to speak in a","psg_id":"12635732"},{"title":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon","text":"or ideas they have while under hypnosis originate from personal experience rather than other sources, such as the therapist's suggestions. This can explain Budd Hopkins' observation that patients came to believe they had been abducted even though their hypnotist was skeptical of the abduction phenomenon. Thomas E. Bullard said the presence or absence of hypnosis as a method for memory retrieval in abduction claimants seems to effect descriptions of the abductors. Hypnotically assisted recall is more likely to produce descriptions of the \"standard\" gray humanoid, while cases in which hypnosis was not used \"include more variety\". According to Newman and","psg_id":"12385393"},{"title":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon","text":"For example, the hypnotist may either knowingly or unknowingly use loaded questions that influence the already ambiguous memories of abductees in such a way the patient creates an alien abduction narrative for them. Skeptics Robert Sheaffer and Phillip J. Klass say individual abduction researchers appear to exert influence on the characteristics of narratives retrieved during hypnotic recall. This influence tends to influence recovered abduction narratives in ways that reinforces the preconceived biases of the individual researcher. The hypnotized subject's existing beliefs may also lead them to create an alien abduction story under hypnosis; hypnotised individuals tend to believe thoughts, images,","psg_id":"12385392"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"of the abduction experience. Most people alleging alien abductions report invasive examinations of their bodies and some ascribe psychological trauma to their experiences. \"Post abduction syndrome\" is a term used by abductees to describe the effects of abduction, though it is not recognized by any professional treatment organizations. People who have a false memory which makes them believe that they have been abducted by aliens develop symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. People who believe they have been abducted by aliens usually have previous New Age beliefs, a vivid fantasy life, and suffer from sleep paralysis, according to a 2003","psg_id":"2881566"},{"title":"International child abduction","text":"and quality of relationships. These misinterpretations of the Abduction Convention's exceptions have rendered the Convention largely ineffective in accomplishing its objectives. The \"best interests\" of a child, which is explicitly never mentioned in the Convention, is an essentially subjective standard that judges often use to facilitate foreign nations' manipulation of the treaty and create a pretext for discretionary decisions. This discretion often takes the form of gender, cultural and national biases. The result is substantive non-compliance with the Abduction Convention. At the time the Hague Abduction Convention was drafted domestic violence was never explicitly considered as an affirmative defense for","psg_id":"14487224"},{"title":"UFO Abduction (film)","text":"(erroneously) by Axiom Films, to depict a real alien abduction of a Connecticut family named \"the McPhersons\" as they celebrate their relative's 5th birthday. The original master and artwork for UFO Abduction were destroyed in a warehouse fire at the distribution company, precluding the film's wide-release on video. Dean Alioto and Paul Chitlik remade \"UFO Abduction\" in 1998, with a larger budget and professional actors, into \"\". Dean Alioto has since discussed his two films. The Van Heese family and aliens: UFO Abduction (film) UFO Abduction is a 1989 found footage/thriller film. UFO Abduction was written, directed, filmed, and produced","psg_id":"11552051"},{"title":"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon","text":"accepted theories in the scientific community. It involves an explanation, using psychological theory and research, of ways psychologically healthy individuals may come to believe they have been abducted and ways they maintain that belief. False memory involves several steps or series of events, not all of which are required to lead to a false memory of abduction. The vast majority of abduction experiences are thought to originate from an episode of sleep paralysis, which is often accompanied by a feeling of a heavy weight pressing down upon one's chest, as well as hypnopompic hallucinations—the feeling of flying or levitating, flashing","psg_id":"12385385"},{"title":"Child abduction","text":"for cross-border mediation in 2008, sponsored by NCMEC. Held at the University of Miami School of Law, Lawyers, Judges, and certified mediators interested in international child abduction cases, attended. International child abduction is not new. A case of international child abduction has been documented aboard the Titanic. However, the incidence of international child abduction continues to increase due to the ease of international travel, increase in bi-cultural marriages and a high divorce rate. Parental abduction has been defined as child abuse. Launched in 1998 as a joint venture of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) and NCMEC,","psg_id":"13211273"},{"title":"International child abduction","text":"of international child abduction was well understood, finding a way to address the problem in practice was exceedingly difficult, but the Swiss proposal had a solution that was elegant in its simplicity. Why not simply restore the \"status quo ante\"? In 1980 the Hague Conference drafted a convention to address the problem of international child abduction: the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction – commonly referred to as the Abduction Convention. The Swiss idea of restoring the \"status quo ante\" after a \"wrongful removal\" or \"wrongful retention\" became a mainstay of the Abduction Convention. Under the","psg_id":"14487207"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"different from the general population in term of psychopathology prevalence\". Dr. Elizabeth Slater conducted a blind study of nine abduction claimants and found them to be prone to \"mildly paranoid thinking,\" nightmares and having a weak sexual identity, while Dr. Richard McNally of Harvard Medical School concluded in a similar study of 10 abductees that \"none of them was suffering from any sort of psychiatric illness.\" Alleged abductees are seen by many pro-abduction researchers to have a higher incidence of non-abduction related paranormal events and abilities. Following an abduction experience, these paranormal abilities and occurrences sometimes seem to become more","psg_id":"2881549"},{"title":"Alien abduction","text":"sleep paralysis, psychopathology, psychodynamics [and] environmental factors\". Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films, in particular, \"Invaders From Mars\" (1953), and some of those reported to have actually abducted people. The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961. Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world, but are most common in English speaking countries, especially the United States. The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee. Mainstream scientists reject claims","psg_id":"2881533"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Stompie Seipei\",\n \"text\": \"Seipei discovered he was an informant, and that he killed the child to cover his tracks. However, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false. The documentary had been described by in a review by Vanity Fair as \\\"unabashedly one-sided\\\" and \\\"overwhelmingly defensive\\\". Commentator Max du Preez, called the decision by television station eNCA to broadcast the documentary in the week prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without context a \\\"serious mistake\\\", and he described it as making \\\"outrageous claims\\\", while former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza questioned the motives of the documentary maker. Stompie Seipei James Seipei\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11391146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stompie Seipei\",\n \"text\": \"a heavy blow. Appearing before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1997, she said allegations that she was involved in at least 18 human rights abuses including eight murders were \\\"ridiculous\\\" and said that her main accuser, former comrade Katiza Cebekhulu, was a former \\\"mental patient\\\" and his allegations against her were \\\"hallucinations\\\". Cebekhulu had, himself, before the 1991 trial, been tortured, and kidnapped to Zambia, where he was detained for almost three years, at the behest of the ANC, before moving to the UK. The Commission found that the abduction of Stompie Moeketsi had been carried out on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11391143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"reported, there is some disagreement as to exactly how often they actually occur. Some researchers (especially Budd Hopkins and David M. Jacobs) have been accused of excluding, minimising or suppressing testimony or data which do not fit a certain paradigm for the phenomenon. Bullard argues most abduction accounts feature the following events. They generally follow the sequence noted below, though not all abductions feature all the events: Abduction researcher Joe Nyman has composed a similar but alternative model for abduction narratives. When describing the \\\"abduction scenario\\\", David M. Jacobs says: The entire abduction event is precisely orchestrated. All the procedures\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stompie de Wet\",\n \"text\": \"squad for the 2014 Currie Cup qualification tournament. Stompie de Wet Philip Albert \\\"Stompie\\\" de Wet (born 14 February 1989 in Kuruman, South Africa) is a former South African rugby union player, that played first class rugby with the from 2011 to 2014. His regular position was flanker. While playing school rugby for Grey College in Bloemfontein, De Wet was selected for the Under-16 side that played at the 2005 Grant Khomo Week. His next provincial representation only came after he moved to Potchefstroom to join the . He was part of the sides that played in the 2009 and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18125448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stompie de Wet\",\n \"text\": \"Stompie de Wet Philip Albert \\\"Stompie\\\" de Wet (born 14 February 1989 in Kuruman, South Africa) is a former South African rugby union player, that played first class rugby with the from 2011 to 2014. His regular position was flanker. While playing school rugby for Grey College in Bloemfontein, De Wet was selected for the Under-16 side that played at the 2005 Grant Khomo Week. His next provincial representation only came after he moved to Potchefstroom to join the . He was part of the sides that played in the 2009 and 2010 Under-21 Provincial Championships. He also became a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18125444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abduction of the Wizard\",\n \"text\": \"Abduction of the Wizard Abduction of the Wizard () is a 1989 Soviet science fiction film directed by Viktor Kobzev and based on the novel of the same name by Kir Bulychev. The action takes place in Belarus in the 1980s. The young graduate student Anna comes to her native village to her grandmother's house which she has not visited in 12 years. In the peaceful village she is preparing to write her thesis. Suddenly, two strangers appear in the house and claim that the landlady of this house rented it yesterday to them for two weeks. Events develop and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20648202\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Figaro\",\n \"text\": \"The Abduction of Figaro The Abduction of Figaro is a comic opera, described as \\\"A Simply Grand Opera by P. D. Q. Bach,\\\" which is actually the work of composer Peter Schickele. It is a parody of opera in general, and the title is a play on two operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: \\\"The Abduction from the Seraglio\\\" and \\\"The Marriage of Figaro\\\". Those two operas, \\\"Così fan tutte\\\", and \\\"Don Giovanni\\\", as well as Gilbert and Sullivan's \\\"The Pirates of Penzance\\\" are among the core inspirations for the piece. Schickele was commissioned to \\\"discover\\\" this opera by the Minnesota\",\n \"psg_id\": \"508276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of alien abduction claims\",\n \"text\": \"by Betty and Barney Hill abduction case of 1961 (again not widely known until several years afterwards), culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) dramatizing the events. The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case, and was perhaps the first where: Neither the contactees nor these early abduction accounts, however, saw much attention from ufology, then still largely reluctant to consider close encounters of the third kind, where occupants of UFOs are allegedly interacted with. Undoubtedly, the Barney and Betty Hill case is one of, if not the most famous case\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12393724\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"aliens. In studies conducted from 1990–1995 at University of New Mexico, psychiatrist Rick Strassman found that approximately 20 percent of volunteers injected with high doses of DMT had experiences similar to purported alien abductions. Many parallels have been drawn between the abduction phenomenon and other unusual events. For example, Robert Sheaffer wrote about similarities between claims of witchcraft and claims of alien abductions. He said similar imagery involving non-human creatures, uncovered memories, and sex are involved in both the abduction phenomenon and the activities of those accused of witchcraft, and says these commonalities suggest the two phenomena share a common,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385400\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"The quantity and not just quality of reports appears to be affected by culture as abduction reports are made less frequently in non-English speaking countries. Furthermore, the contents and structure of the \\\"abduction narrative\\\" as outlined by researchers like Nyman and Bullard was already established in fictional form by 1930 in a Buck Rogers strip. The strip depicts an alien craft piloted by martian \\\"Tiger Men\\\" which capture a female character and subject her to similar treatment as those in real-world abduction claims. The story is structurally more similar to the archetypal narrative outline devised by Bullard than the vast\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee\",\n \"text\": \"Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee The abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee occurred in North Korea between 1978 and 1986. Shin Sang-ok was a famous South Korean film director married to actress Choi Eun-hee. Together, they established Shin Film and made many films through the 1960s which garnered recognition for South Korea at various film festivals. In 1978 Choi was abducted and taken to North Korea to meet North Korea's soon-to-be dictator Kim Jong-il. The abduction of Shin followed six months later. After three years in prison, Shin was united with Choi, and the two were instructed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19199189\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"used in human medicine, they are often quite different, for example, alleged alien syringes are often reported as being \\\"three pronged.\\\" After the so-called medical exam, the alleged abductees often report other procedures being performed with the entities. Common among these post-examination procedures are what abduction researchers refer to as imaging, envisioning, staging, and testing. Abductees of all ages (even small children) and genders sometimes report being subjected to a \\\"child presentation.\\\" As its name implies, the child presentation involves the abduction claimant being shown a \\\"child.\\\" Often the children appear to be neither human, nor the same species as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon The narrative of the abduction phenomenon is an alleged core of similarity in contents and chronology underlying various claims of forced temporary abduction of humans by apparently otherworldly beings. Proponents of the abduction phenomenon contend that this similarity is evidence of the veracity of the phenomenon as an objective reality, although this belief is disregarded by most scientists, who regard alien abduction as a purely psychological and cultural phenomenon. Skeptics of the abduction phenomenon contend that similarities between reports arise from commonalities rooted in human psychology and neurology or cast doubt on the presence of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380695\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati\",\n \"text\": \"out and killing them from exhaustion. This secret was divulged to one of the Garudas by the ascetic Karambiya, who taught him how to seize a nāga by the tail and force him to vomit up his stone (Pandara Jātaka, J.518). Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati is a famous Buddhist tale about the former lives of the Buddha, called a Jataka. In this story, the Buddha was born in a previous life as the king of Benares, and therefore was still a Bodhisattva, and ruled with his beloved queen, Kakati. The royal solar bird Garuda\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20341099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"focuses on the effects of mass marketing is art historian John F. Moffitt's 2003 book \\\"Picturing Extraterrestrials: Alien Images in Modern Mass Culture\\\" According to Brian Dunning, proposed psychological alternative explanations of the abduction phenomenon have included hallucination, temporary schizophrenia, epileptic seizures, and parasomnia—near-sleep mental states (hypnagogic states, night terrors and sleep paralysis). Sleep paralysis is often accompanied by hallucinations and sensations of a malevolent or neutral presence, though people experiencing it do not usually interpret that \\\"something\\\" as aliens. Many skeptics believe alien abductees lie about their abduction experiences. The main motivators for such hoaxes are believed to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385382\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)\",\n \"text\": \"subject he completed, but Rembrandt's others display many of the same influences as this. \\\"The Abduction of Europa,\\\" The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2013, \\\"Europa,\\\" The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 2014, The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings. The piece is oil on canvas and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum. The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's \\\"Metamorphoses\\\", part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa. The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati\",\n \"text\": \"Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati is a famous Buddhist tale about the former lives of the Buddha, called a Jataka. In this story, the Buddha was born in a previous life as the king of Benares, and therefore was still a Bodhisattva, and ruled with his beloved queen, Kakati. The royal solar bird Garuda came to the court disguised as a man and gambled with the king. He then became enamored of the queen and abducted her. He carried her off to his nest by the Simbali-Lake and there lived with her. When Garuda heard\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20341097\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"sexual experiences. These elements, and many aspects of what witnesses describe, are very common in old stories of encounters with faeries, demons, and other magical creatures. Narrative of the abduction phenomenon The narrative of the abduction phenomenon is an alleged core of similarity in contents and chronology underlying various claims of forced temporary abduction of humans by apparently otherworldly beings. Proponents of the abduction phenomenon contend that this similarity is evidence of the veracity of the phenomenon as an objective reality, although this belief is disregarded by most scientists, who regard alien abduction as a purely psychological and cultural phenomenon.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)\",\n \"text\": \"inclusion of a crane, a tool which did not exist in the first century when Ovid was alive. This detail strengthens the parallel between Tyre and the Dutch ports, as Rembrandt attempts to connect the story to Specx's livelihood. The relationship also alludes to Europa's impending new destination, where she will give Europe her name. Most scholars agree that this narrative was chosen specifically by Rembrandt to reinterpret and mirror Specx's career. Artistically, \\\"The Abduction of Europa\\\" reflects the attitudes and interests of Rembrandt and other Dutch painters during the early to mid seventeenth century. The work embodies the international\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Figaro\",\n \"text\": \"Cavatina and dialogue: \\\"You can beat me\\\" 31. Act II Finale Act Three: A tropical forest 32. Ballet 33. Trio and dialogue: \\\"A magic forest\\\" 34. Duet and dialogue: \\\"I am a swineherd\\\" 35. Finale (Part I) and dialogue 36. Aria and dialogue: \\\"Why, oh why\\\" 37. Finale (Part II) 38. Curtain calls and closing credits 39. Closing remarks by Prof. Schickele DVD Bonus Selections The Abduction of Figaro The Abduction of Figaro is a comic opera, described as \\\"A Simply Grand Opera by P. D. Q. Bach,\\\" which is actually the work of composer Peter Schickele. It is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"508280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"these apparently bizarre, pointless behaviors were not mistakes at all. Dr. Don C. Donderi writes that \\\"In many of these abduction accounts, there is independent confirmation of missing time--emotionally stable people arriving hours late after long or short automobile journeys. There is independent confirmation of abduction events reported under hypnosis, sometimes by non hypnotized observers and sometimes by other hypnotized witnesses\\\" (Donderi, 66) Physician and abduction researcher John G. Miller sees significance in the reason a person would come to see themselves as being a victim of the abduction phenomenon. He terms the insight or development leading to this shift\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Child abduction\",\n \"text\": \"Child abduction Child abduction or child theft is the unauthorized removal of a minor (a child under the age of legal adulthood) from the custody of the child's natural parents or legally appointed guardians. The term child abduction conflates two legal and social categories which differ by their perpetrating contexts: abduction by members of the child's family or abduction by strangers: Neonatal \\\"infant abduction\\\" and prenatal fetal abduction are the earliest ages of child abduction as defined by a viable child through the age of majority. In addition, \\\"embryo theft\\\" and even \\\"oocyte misappropriation\\\" in reproductive medical settings have been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13211261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"International child abduction\",\n \"text\": \"history of cross-border child abduction must search for terms like \\\"custodial interference,\\\" \\\"contempt of child custody orders,\\\" \\\"legal kidnapping\\\" or, in cases where children were viewed more as property than as individual subjects of rights, name variations on theft, child-maintenance debt and smuggling, among others. Lawmakers struggled to typify and discuss international child abduction and discussions at the Hague Conference on Private International Law noted that, what some were referring to with variations on \\\"legal kidnapping,\\\" was an oxymoron since that which is legal cannot be kidnapping and that which is kidnapping cannot be legal. The response to these concerns\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14487198\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of alien abduction claims\",\n \"text\": \"blood. Icke has drawn parallels with the 1980s science-fiction series \\\"V\\\", in which the earth is taken over by reptiloid aliens disguised as humans. History of alien abduction claims History of alien abduction claims describes assertions or claims that people have experienced alien abduction. Such claims came to international prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, but some researchers argue abduction narratives can be traced to decades earlier. Such abduction stories have been studied by investigators who believe the accounts describe actual, literal interaction with non-human or extraterrestrial entities. Others have investigated alien abduction claims from a more skeptical perspective, arguing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12393737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)\",\n \"text\": \"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings. The piece is oil on canvas and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum. The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's \\\"Metamorphoses\\\", part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa. The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away in rough waters by a bull while her friends remain on shore with expressions of horror. Rembrandt combined his knowledge of classical literature with the interests of the patron in order\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449476\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"body. Sometimes the hybrid will engage in a \\\"mindscan\\\" of the abductee. Female abductees have reported being ordered to breastfeed hybrid infants. The alleged experiencers' reaction to this command varies, sometimes they comply, but some women are horrified by the thought. Folklorist Dr. Thomas E. Bullard conducted a study of 300 reports of alien abduction in an attempt to observe the less prominent aspects of the claims. He notes the emergence of four general categories of events which recur regularly, although not as frequently as stereotypical happenings like the medical examination. These four types of events are: Chronologically within abduction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)\",\n \"text\": \"its location, and familiarized himself with van Mander's theories and interpretations of Ovid's myths. Van Mander commented on Europa's abduction, with a European spin to it. Ovid's account of the abduction of Europa is found in Book II 833-75 of \\\"Metamorphoses\\\". Europa is a princess of Tyre, who is playing with her court on the coast when a beautiful bull appears. Europa mounts the bull, which quickly whisks her away into the ocean. When Europa and her friends notice the bull retreating further into the sea without coming back, the bull transforms into Zeus and carries her to Mount Olympus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"and abduction researcher, notes that \\\"startling similarities\\\" between abductees reporting procedures performed on the head arise when comparing reports of hypnotically retrieved abduction memories. She states that the most commonly reported sensations and procedures performed to the head are feelings of pressure in or on the head and the insertion of needles into the scalp. During cranial procedures the abductee's head is often restrained by a strap or metal bar drawn across the forehead. The abductors sometimes will touch the forehead of the experiencer, which strangely, seems to ease their anxiety and whatever physical pain they may be experiencing. Reports\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380708\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"narratives while apparently having no knowledge of each other's claims. Some abduction investigators attempt to confirm the reality of events reported in abduction claims through observation or experimentation, although such efforts are generally dismissed as pseudoscientific by mainstream academics. Although different cases vary in detail (sometimes significantly), some UFO researchers, such as folklorist Thomas E. Bullard argue that there is a broad, fairly consistent sequence and description of events which make up the typical \\\"close encounter of the fourth kind\\\" (a popular but unofficial designation building on Dr. J. Allen Hynek's classifying terminology). Though the features outlined below are often\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Ganymede\",\n \"text\": \"painter Nicolaes Maes even made a whole series of paintings of Ganymedes that are considered deathbed portraits of children. An inventory, made on 17 February 1671, of the estate of Catharina van der Pluym, widow of Willem Schilperoort and aunt of Rembrandt's great-nephew and pupil Karel van der Pluym, mentions \\\"een stuck van Ganimedes - f7.- \\\" The Abduction of Ganymede The Abduction of Ganymede is a 1635 painting of Ganymede by the Dutch Golden Age painter Rembrandt in the collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1915, who wrote: \\\"207. THE\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19540231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Ganymede\",\n \"text\": \"The Abduction of Ganymede The Abduction of Ganymede is a 1635 painting of Ganymede by the Dutch Golden Age painter Rembrandt in the collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1915, who wrote: \\\"207. THE RAPE OF GANYMEDE. Sm. 197; Bode 79 ; Dut. 106 ; Wb. 70 ; B-HdG. 197. The eagle of Zeus, seen in front with out-stretched wings, rises towards the heavens. He holds with his beak the clothing, and with his talons the left arm, of the fair curly-haired boy, who, turned sharply to the left and almost\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19540225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Hippodameia\",\n \"text\": \"The Abduction of Hippodameia The Abduction of Hippodamia, () is a work by the 19th-century French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, modeled c. 1877 and cast thereafter. The subject is from Greek mythology: During the wedding of Hippodamia and Pirithous, the barbaric centaurs who had been invited became wildly intoxicated, attacking the other guests and even the hosts. The centaur Eurytus attempted to carry off the bride, and a battle between the humans and the centaurs ensued. An earlier similar work, cast in silver, was commissioned by the Jockey Club to be a trophy at the Bois de Boulogne horse races in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8877486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Child abduction\",\n \"text\": \"members. ICMEC reviews the postings to ensure that any child in a posted video is in fact missing, that authorities are aware that the child is missing, and that the images are not inappropriate. See the Child Abduction Act 1984, the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985 and the Child Abduction (Northern Ireland) Order 1985. Child abduction Child abduction or child theft is the unauthorized removal of a minor (a child under the age of legal adulthood) from the custody of the child's natural parents or legally appointed guardians. The term child abduction conflates two legal and social categories which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13211276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"similarities between reports at all. They note the evolving contents of abduction claims and the apparent effect of culture on the details of the narratives as evidence that the phenomenon is a purely subjective experience. Skeptics also point out the likelihood of large numbers of hoaxes being present in the abduction literature. Currently the skeptical perspective is the most prevalent among scientists and academics. Many scientists believe that pro-abduction researchers are practising pseudoscience, alleging that they lack the skepticism and methodological rigor of true scientists. Believers assert that it is unlikely for hundreds of people to independently generate such similar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"majority of those in Bullard's own catalogue of cases. However, Bullard does not see evidence for influence on abduction claimants from science fiction sources. In an essay, Bullard writes that \\\"The small showing for monstrous types and the fact that they concentrate in less reliable cases should disappoint skeptics who look for the origin of abductions in the influence of Hollywood. Nothing like the profusion of imaginative screen aliens appears in the abduction literature.\\\" There are however cultural differences in perception of these reported incidents. The frightening \\\"terror abduction\\\" experience is reported mainly in the USA, while in the rest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"these specific prophecies has ever come to pass. Tours of the abductors' craft are a rare but recurring feature of the abduction narrative. Thomas Bullard reports that in a study of 300 reported abduction events, only 16 contained some sort of tour. The tour seems to be given by the alleged abductors as a courtesy in response to the harshness and physical rigors of the forced medical examination. Abduction claimants often feel that the \\\"engine room\\\" is the most memorable aspect, although control rooms and in very rare cases living or recreation areas have been visited in some reports. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"the abductors. Instead, the child will almost always share characteristics of \\\"both\\\" species. These children are labeled by experiencers as hybrids between humans and their abductors, usually Greys. It has been speculated that these children are the products of the reproductive procedures performed during the medical phase of the abduction. Unlike Budd Hopkins and David Jacobs, folklorist Thomas Bullard could not identify a child presentation phase in the abduction narrative, even after undertaking a study of 300 abduction reports. Bullard says that the child presentation \\\"seems to be an innovation in the story.\\\" And that \\\"no clear antecedents\\\" to descriptions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"female abductees report a \\\"gynecological\\\" aspect to the abduction experience, although staples of terrestrial gynecology such as the bimanual pelvic exam are missing from the alleged abduction experiences. Sometimes reports are made where the abductees are made to have sex with apparent human–alien hybrids or other abductees. David M. Jacobs says that sex with full-blooded aliens \\\"is not a feature of the abduction scenario.\\\" Males report that sperm is either taken and/or they have sex with the aliens. (From Nick Pope's book \\\"The Uninvited (book)\\\") One procedure reported occurring during the alleged exam phase of the experience is the insertion\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"report unusual feelings preceding the onset of an abduction experience. These feelings manifest as a compulsive desire to be at a certain place at a certain time or as expectations that something \\\"familiar yet unknown,\\\" will soon occur. Abductees also report feeling severe, undirected anxiety at this point even though nothing unusual has actually occurred yet. This period of foreboding can last for up to several days before the abduction actually takes place or be completely absent. Eventually, the experiencer will undergo an apparent \\\"shift\\\" into an altered state of consciousness. British abduction researchers have called this change in consciousness\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"reports these rarer episodes tend to happen in the order listed, between the medical examination and the return. After allegedly displaying cold callous disregard towards the abduction experiencers, sometimes the entities will change drastically in behavior once the initial medical exam is completed. They become more relaxed and hospitable towards their captive and lead him or her away from the site of the examination. The entities then hold a conference with the experiencer, wherein they discuss things relevant to the abduction phenomenon. In Dr. Bullard's study, 79 out of 300 studied abduction claims included a conference narrative. Not all conferences\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"entities.\\\" Although the realization event is sometimes triggered by an attempt to hypnotically retrieve memories, it is frequently remembered consciously without any such assistance. Consequently, Miller sees it as a good \\\"starting point\\\" for a researcher investigating an individual subject. Skeptics Robert Sheaffer and Phillip J. Klass agree that individual abduction researchers appear to exert influence on the characteristics of narratives retrieved during hypnotic recall. This influence tends to shape recovered abduction narratives in a way that reinforces the preconceived biases of the individual researcher. Klass jokingly recommends those considering hypnotic regression to uncover abduction memories to visit R. Leo\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"of a long needle-like contraption into a woman's navel. Although most well known to have occurred in the Betty and Barney Hill abduction as a \\\"pregnancy test\\\", this feature has even been reported by little girls. Skin scrapings are a staple of abduction reports from as far back as the Hill encounter. According to Richard Hall, most skin scrapings are reportedly taken from the arms and collar bone region. Physician and abduction researcher John Altshuler notes that the main reasons a human doctor would collect skin scrapings would be to check for bacterial or fungal infections. Altshuler dismisses speculation from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380713\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"and abductions, which, he concludes, are manifestations of the demonic. Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon are explanations that are intended to explain claims of abduction and examination by apparently otherworldly beings. The main differences between these perspectives lie in the credence ascribed to the claims. Perspectives range from the assertion that all abductions are hoaxes to the belief that the claims are of objective happenings and separate from the consciousness of the claimants. Some researchers are intrigued by abduction phenomena, but hesitate to make definitive conclusions. Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack, a leading authority on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Hippodameia\",\n \"text\": \"opinion is that, while the subject matter and the lines of Hippodamia exemplify Carrier-Belleuse's style, the expression and musculature of the centaur suggest Rodin. The Abduction of Hippodameia The Abduction of Hippodamia, () is a work by the 19th-century French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, modeled c. 1877 and cast thereafter. The subject is from Greek mythology: During the wedding of Hippodamia and Pirithous, the barbaric centaurs who had been invited became wildly intoxicated, attacking the other guests and even the hosts. The centaur Eurytus attempted to carry off the bride, and a battle between the humans and the centaurs ensued. An\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8877488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abduction of the Wizard\",\n \"text\": \"Jules goes after the genius, but in the past he is discovered. The only one who can come to his rescue is Anna. She proposes to send herself to the past and by making use of using her similar to princess Magdalena looks helps her escape from the future. The true genius is not Roman, but his ugly and at first inconspicuous assistant Akiplesha. He is saved immediately before the final destruction of the city. Anna is safely transferred back in time. Abduction of the Wizard Abduction of the Wizard () is a 1989 Soviet science fiction film directed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20648205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"attention until several years later. Widespread publicity was generated by the Betty and Barney Hill abduction case of 1961, culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) dramatizing the events. The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case and was perhaps the first in which the claimant described beings that later became widely known as the Greys and in which the beings were said to explicitly identify an extraterrestrial origin. Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abductions, skeptic Peter Rogerson notes they were only the first abduction cases,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wrongfully Accused\",\n \"text\": \"Wrongfully Accused Wrongfully Accused is a 1998 German-American satirical comedy film written, produced and directed by Pat Proft, and starring Leslie Nielsen as a man who has been framed for murder and desperately attempts to expose the true culprits. The film is a parody of the 1993 film \\\"The Fugitive\\\". World-famous violinist Ryan Harrison (Leslie Nielsen, who had guest starred in two early episodes of \\\"The Fugitive\\\" television series in the 1960s) is seen giving a concert. Afterwards, he goes to a party where he meets Hibbing Goodhue (Michael York), a millionaire who sponsors Harrison's performances, as well as Goodhue's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5092591\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wrongfully Accused\",\n \"text\": \"by Lauren, Sean and accomplices, but Fergus Falls and a SWAT team arrive just in the nick of time, arresting the terrorists. Falls officially tells Harrison that he was \\\"wrongfully accused\\\", clearing his name and acquitting him. In the last scene, Harrison and Cass are riding on the bow of a cruise ship (spoofing \\\"Titanic\\\") and end up bumping their heads on a low bridge. \\\"Wrongfully Accused\\\" was released in Germany on July 23, 1998. The film opened on August 21, 1998 in 2,062 cinemas. On its opening weekend, it grossed USD $3,504,630 or approximately $1,700 per theatre. \\\"Wrongfully Accused\\\"s\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5092596\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"navel. Some have speculated that this could be a form of laparoscopy. If this is true, after the abduction there should be free gas in the female's abdomen, which could be seen on an x-ray. The presence of free gas would be extremely abnormal, and would help substantiate the claim of some sort of procedure being done to her. Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe \\\"subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures\\\". People claiming to have been abducted are usually called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winnie Madikizela-Mandela\",\n \"text\": \"Katiza Cebekhulu's abduction to Zambia, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda government, before moving to the UK was done by the ANC, and in the \\\"interests\\\" of Madikizela-Mandela. The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Paul Verryn to be \\\"unfounded and without any merit\\\" and that \\\"Madikizela-Mandela deliberately and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an attempt to divert attention away from herself and [her] associates...\\\". The TRC also found that she was responsible for the abduction of, and assaults on, Stompie Sepei, and that she had attempted to cover up his death by claiming\",\n \"psg_id\": \"460324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"of general awareness concerning the data: \\\"The most intense demand for alternative explanations tends to come from those who are either unfamiliar with the rich complexity of the abduction phenomenon, or from those who are so wedded to a worldview\\\" that they find the phenomenon \\\"prima facie\\\" unacceptable. While \\\"alien abduction\\\" did not achieve widespread attention until the 1960s, there were many similar stories circulating decades earlier. These early abduction-like accounts have been dubbed \\\"paleo-abductions\\\" by UFO researcher Jerome Clark. An early alien abduction claim occurred in the mid-1950s with the Antonio Vilas Boas case, which did not receive much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881537\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"and Keith Basterfield both noted at the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference that of the five cases they knew of where an abduction researcher was present at the onset of an abduction experience, the experiencer \\\"didn't physically go anywhere.\\\" Brazilian researcher Gilda Moura reported on a similar case, the Sueli case, from her home country. When psychologist and UFO researcher Don Donderi said that these cases were \\\"evidence of psychological processes\\\" that did not \\\"have anything to do with a physical alien abduction,\\\" Moura replied \\\"If the Sueli case is not an abduction, I don't know what is an abduction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881574\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee\",\n \"text\": \"September, 2017. In January 2016, at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival, in the World Cinema Documentary Competition, a documentary about the North Korean ordeal, entitled \\\"The Lovers and the Despot\\\" and directed by Robert Cannan and Ross Adam, was presented. The French TV mini-series, \\\"Kim Kong\\\", produced by Arte, written by Simon Jablonka and Alexis Le Sec, directed by Stephen Cafiero and starring Jonathan Lambert, is based upon these events. Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee The abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee occurred in North Korea between 1978 and 1986. Shin Sang-ok was a famous South Korean\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19199201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of alien abduction claims\",\n \"text\": \"History of alien abduction claims History of alien abduction claims describes assertions or claims that people have experienced alien abduction. Such claims came to international prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, but some researchers argue abduction narratives can be traced to decades earlier. Such abduction stories have been studied by investigators who believe the accounts describe actual, literal interaction with non-human or extraterrestrial entities. Others have investigated alien abduction claims from a more skeptical perspective, arguing they can be best understood as expressions of folklore or various psychological phenomena. The Antonio Vilas Boas case from Brazil (1957) and the Hill\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12393720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Winnie Madikizela-Mandela\",\n \"text\": \"killed Sepei, had been tortured and kidnapped to Zambia by her supporters, prior to the trial, to prevent him testifying against her. Her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine on appeal. In 1992, she was accused of ordering the murder of Dr. Abu Baker Asvat, a family friend, and prominent Soweto doctor, who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted, but before he had been killed. Mandela's role in the Asvat killing was later probed as part of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings, in 1997. Asvat's murderer testified that she paid the equivalent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"460319\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon are explanations that are intended to explain claims of abduction and examination by apparently otherworldly beings. The main differences between these perspectives lie in the credence ascribed to the claims. Perspectives range from the assertion that all abductions are hoaxes to the belief that the claims are of objective happenings and separate from the consciousness of the claimants. Some researchers are intrigued by abduction phenomena, but hesitate to make definitive conclusions. Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack, a leading authority on the spiritual or transformational effects of alleged alien abduction experiences,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385377\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Parental child abduction\",\n \"text\": \"the child's home country. The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international human rights treaty and legal mechanism to recover children abducted to another country. The Hague Convention does not provide relief in many cases, resulting in some parents hiring private parties to recover their children. By 2007, the United States, European authorities, and NGOs had begun serious interest in the use of mediation as a means by which some international child abduction cases may be resolved. The primary focus was on Hague cases. Parental child abduction Parental child abduction is the hiding, taking,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15604019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction entities\",\n \"text\": \"From Mars\\\", and those reported to have actually abducted people. Commonalities exist in the appearances, behavior, technology and societies of fictional and allegedly real abductors. Furthermore, the contents and structure of the \\\"abduction narrative\\\" as outlined by researchers like Nyman and Bullard was already established in fictional form by 1930 in a Buck Rogers strip. However, Bullard does not see evidence for influence on abduction claimants from science fiction sources. Alien abduction entities Alien abduction entities are the beings alleged to secretly abduct and subject experiencers to a forced medical examination which often emphasizes their reproductive system. Mainstream scientists and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12394068\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"alien abductors.\\\" Matheson writes that when compared to the earlier contactee reports, abduction accounts are distinguished by their \\\"relative sophistication and subtlety, which enabled them to enjoy an immediately more favorable reception from the public.\\\" Some writers have said abduction experiences bear similarities to pre-20th century accounts of demonic manifestations, noting as many as a dozen similarities. One notable example is the Orthodox monk Fr. Seraphim Rose, who devotes a whole chapter in his book \\\"Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future\\\" to the phenomena of UFOs and abductions, which, he concludes, are manifestations of the demonic. Abduction researcher Brian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881572\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of alien abduction claims\",\n \"text\": \"would have us believe.\\\" (The phrase \\\"entirely unpredisposed\\\" appeared in folklorist Thomas E. Bullard's study of alien abduction; he argued that alien abductions as reported in the 1970s and 1980s had little precedent in folklore or fiction.) While \\\"alien abduction\\\" did not achieve widespread attention until the 1960s, there were many similar stories circulating decades earlier. These early abduction-like accounts have been dubbed \\\"paleo-abductions\\\" by UFO researcher Jerome Clark. This same two-part article ( and ) makes note of many paleo-abductions, some of which were reported well before the 1957 Antonio Vilas Boas case earned much attention, or even before\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12393722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)\",\n \"text\": \"to create this allegorical work. The use of an ancient myth to impart a contemporary thought and his portrayal of the scene using the High Baroque style are two strong aspects of the work. The \\\"Abduction of Europa\\\" is Rembrandt's reinterpretation of the story, placed in a more contemporary setting. He developed an interest in the classical world early in his life while in Amsterdam. Rembrandt moved to Amsterdam in 2018 Jacques Specx, of the Dutch East India Company, commissioned Rembrandt to complete \\\"The Abduction of Europa\\\". Specx had established a trading center in Japan in 1609, served as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17449477\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"are reported to occur in the same manner. Bullard notes five general categories of discussion that occur during the conference \\\"phase\\\" of reported abduction narratives: During an interrogation session one party involved in the abduction will question the other. This can mean that the witness is permitted to ask questions of his captors or that the entities will ask questions of the experiencer. The entities usually ask about aspects of human life that appear to puzzle them. Dr. Bullard notes, \\\"Time, life-spans, emotions and the individuality of humans seem to be recurrent topics.\\\" The aliens also sometimes question the abductees\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"in identity from non-abductee to abductee the \\\"realization event.\\\" The realization event is often a single, memorable experience, but Miller reports that not all abductees experience it as a distinct episode. Either way, the realization event can be thought of as the \\\"clinical horizon\\\" of the abduction experience. Dr. Miller has compiled an incomplete list of common triggers for the realization event in a paper presented at the 1992 alien abduction conference held at MIT: Sometimes the advent of the realization that one is an abductee can cause a \\\"flood\\\" of previously hidden memories of one's perceived encounters with \\\"the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"or irrespective to the will of the experiencer. Such procedures often focus on sex and reproductive biology. However, the literature holds reports of a wide variety of procedures allegedly performed by the beings. The entity that appears to be in charge of the operation is often taller than the others involved. Physician and abduction researcher Dr. John G. Miller explains that among abduction reports what stands out is the contrast between procedures performed by the alleged entities and those performed by doctors practicing typical earthly medicine. He says \\\"we're not hearing about 'our kind of medicine'\\\" Miller believes these differences\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"A. Clancy, a skeptic at Harvard Medical School who studied abductees' psychology, noted that \\\"all of the subjects, without exception, said they felt 'changed' because of their experiences. ...Abductees have said, it 'enlarged my world view,' 'gave me wisdom to share,' 'caused me to care about the spiritual path of mankind,' 'expanded my reality'.\\\" \\\"Being abducted by aliens,\\\" she concludes, \\\"is a transformative event. ...It's clear that people get from their abduction beliefs the same things that millions of people the world over derive from their religions: meaning, reassurance, mystical revelation, spirituality, transformation.\\\" Some abduction-induced theophanies have included visions or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"proceeds, claimants say they will walk or be levitated into an alien craft, often through solid objects like walls or a window. Alternatively, they may experience rising through a tunnel with or without the abductors accompanying them into the awaiting craft. Most abductees report being taken from their bedroom prior to falling asleep. Typically, at the onset of the abduction experience, the abductee will report paralysis, sighting a bright light, and the appearance of humanoid figures. In many abduction reports, the individual(s) concerned are traveling by automobile at the time of the incident, usually at night or in the early\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"Sprinkle, whose regression sessions more frequently \\\"uncover\\\" reports of benevolent aliens. Sheaffer also cites research done into hypnosis as a method for enhancing memory that concludes that false memories, subjectively real to the patient, can be created merely through suggestions while they are in a hypnotic trance. Although proponents have argued that there is a core narrative consistent across abduction claims, there is little doubt that variation occurs in the details of reports across cultures and geographic boundaries. Skeptics like Robert Sheaffer assert that this variation supports a psycho-social hypothesis as an explanation for the origin of the abduction phenomenon.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction claimants\",\n \"text\": \"presenting a paper on the subject to the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference several investigators in attendance accused him of leading his subjects in his hypnotic regression sessions, possibly encouraging them to confabulate. However, some of Nyman's subjects disagreed with the accusations and defended him. In a study investigating the motivations of the alleged abductors, Jenny Randles found that in each of the four cases out of fifty total where the experiencer was over forty years of age or more, they were rejected by the aliens for \\\"what they (the experiencers) usually inferred to be a medical reason.\\\" Randles concludes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12390267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of alien abduction claims\",\n \"text\": \"phenomenon in the late 1980s, interviewing dozens of people, and eventually writing two books on the subject. Mack was somewhat more guarded in his investigations and interpretations of the abduction phenomenon than the earlier researchers. Matheson writes that \\\"On balance, Mack does present as fair-minded an account as has been encountered to date, at least as these abduction narratives go.\\\" (Matheson, 251) Furthermore, Mack notes when alternative interpretations are viable; throughout \\\"Abduction\\\", his first book on the subject, he allows and even considers likely that alien abductions are a new type of visionary experience. Matheson notes that unlike earlier abduction\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12393731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of alien abduction claims\",\n \"text\": \"abduction from the United States (1961) were the first cases of UFO abduction to earn widespread attention. Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abduction narratives, skeptic Peter Rogerson argues that this assertion is incorrect: the Hill and Boas abductions, he contends, were only the first \\\"canonical\\\" abduction cases, establishing a template that later abductees and researchers would refine, but rarely deviate from. Additionally, Rogerson notes purported abductions were cited contemporaneously at least as early as 1954, and that \\\"the growth of the abduction stories is a far more tangled affair than the 'entirely unpredisposed' official history\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12393721\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fetal abduction\",\n \"text\": \"fetal abduction. Of the current list of 25 reported cases (not including attempts), 4 of the mothers and 13 of their fetuses survived. (This list distinguishes an attempted fetal abduction as without either murder of the mother or extraction of the fetus. An attempt can include severe injury to the mother and fetus.) Fetal Attraction: a Descriptive Study of Patterns in Fetal Abductions Report: Fetal abduction cases on the rise Fetal abduction Fetal abduction refers to the rare crime of child abduction by murder of an at term pregnant mother and extraction of her fetus through a crude cesarean section.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14436019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Narrative of the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"are predetermined. There is no standing around and deciding what to do next. The beings are task-oriented and there is no indication whatsoever that we have been able to find of any aspect of their lives outside of performing the abduction procedures. Alleged alien abductions are often closely connected to UFO reports, and are sometimes supposedly conducted by so-called Greys: Short, grey-skinned humanoids with large, pear-shaped heads and enormous dark eyes, although many different types of abducting entities have been reported, and the reported abductors seem to vary by the culture and place of origin of the experience. Abduction claimants\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12380699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction Club\",\n \"text\": \"embittered Attorney General Lord Fermoy, implicates Byrne and Strang in the murder of a Redcoat soldier. The Abduction Club The Abduction Club is a British romantic comedy-drama adventure film released in 2002; it was directed by Stefan Schwartz. Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them. It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten (the British director and writer, not the American comedian) In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13190286\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Abduction Club\",\n \"text\": \"The Abduction Club The Abduction Club is a British romantic comedy-drama adventure film released in 2002; it was directed by Stefan Schwartz. Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them. It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten (the British director and writer, not the American comedian) In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to secure wealth. Both are younger sons that will not inherit titles and estates so they become\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13190284\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Abduction!\",\n \"text\": \"this book was featured on a KMSP newscast discussing a parent who was disturbed by the book when her 4th grader brought it home and read it aloud. This book contains graphic language including a descriptive account of a man aiming a gun at a young girl's heart. In 2007, \\\"Abduction!\\\" was awarded the \\\"Mark Twain Award\\\" by the Missouri Association of School Librarians. Abduction! Abduction! by Peg Kehret, is a novel about a 13-year-old girl named Bonnie who searches for her brother Matt and their dog Pookie who were both abducted. Her abductor, a mystery at first, ends up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7484885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Emilcin Abduction\",\n \"text\": \"memories in an interview with Henryk Pomorski and Krystyna Adamczyk in July 1978, two months following the incident. The audio tape of the interview was kept in a private archive for a long time before being released to the public. In 2005, a memorial was constructed in Emilcin at to commemorate the alien abduction of Jan Wolski. The text in Polish, read: \\\"On 10 May 1978 in Emilcin a UFO object landed. The truth will astonish us in the future\\\". Emilcin Abduction Emilcin Abduction was a supposed alien abduction of farmer, Jan Wolski in May 1978. There was little media\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12635737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Emilcin Abduction\",\n \"text\": \"Emilcin Abduction Emilcin Abduction was a supposed alien abduction of farmer, Jan Wolski in May 1978. There was little media attention at the time. A monument was subsequently erected in Emilcin, Poland, at the site where the abduction is said to have taken place. Jan Wolski (; 29 May 1907 – 8 January 1990) was out driving a horse-drawn cart early on 10 May 1978 when he says he was jumped by two \\\"short, green-faced humanoid entities\\\" about tall. The two beings jumped onto Wolski's cart and, according to Wolski, sat next to him and started to speak in a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12635732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"or ideas they have while under hypnosis originate from personal experience rather than other sources, such as the therapist's suggestions. This can explain Budd Hopkins' observation that patients came to believe they had been abducted even though their hypnotist was skeptical of the abduction phenomenon. Thomas E. Bullard said the presence or absence of hypnosis as a method for memory retrieval in abduction claimants seems to effect descriptions of the abductors. Hypnotically assisted recall is more likely to produce descriptions of the \\\"standard\\\" gray humanoid, while cases in which hypnosis was not used \\\"include more variety\\\". According to Newman and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"For example, the hypnotist may either knowingly or unknowingly use loaded questions that influence the already ambiguous memories of abductees in such a way the patient creates an alien abduction narrative for them. Skeptics Robert Sheaffer and Phillip J. Klass say individual abduction researchers appear to exert influence on the characteristics of narratives retrieved during hypnotic recall. This influence tends to influence recovered abduction narratives in ways that reinforces the preconceived biases of the individual researcher. The hypnotized subject's existing beliefs may also lead them to create an alien abduction story under hypnosis; hypnotised individuals tend to believe thoughts, images,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385392\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"of the abduction experience. Most people alleging alien abductions report invasive examinations of their bodies and some ascribe psychological trauma to their experiences. \\\"Post abduction syndrome\\\" is a term used by abductees to describe the effects of abduction, though it is not recognized by any professional treatment organizations. People who have a false memory which makes them believe that they have been abducted by aliens develop symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. People who believe they have been abducted by aliens usually have previous New Age beliefs, a vivid fantasy life, and suffer from sleep paralysis, according to a 2003\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"International child abduction\",\n \"text\": \"and quality of relationships. These misinterpretations of the Abduction Convention's exceptions have rendered the Convention largely ineffective in accomplishing its objectives. The \\\"best interests\\\" of a child, which is explicitly never mentioned in the Convention, is an essentially subjective standard that judges often use to facilitate foreign nations' manipulation of the treaty and create a pretext for discretionary decisions. This discretion often takes the form of gender, cultural and national biases. The result is substantive non-compliance with the Abduction Convention. At the time the Hague Abduction Convention was drafted domestic violence was never explicitly considered as an affirmative defense for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14487224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UFO Abduction (film)\",\n \"text\": \"(erroneously) by Axiom Films, to depict a real alien abduction of a Connecticut family named \\\"the McPhersons\\\" as they celebrate their relative's 5th birthday. The original master and artwork for UFO Abduction were destroyed in a warehouse fire at the distribution company, precluding the film's wide-release on video. Dean Alioto and Paul Chitlik remade \\\"UFO Abduction\\\" in 1998, with a larger budget and professional actors, into \\\"\\\". Dean Alioto has since discussed his two films. The Van Heese family and aliens: UFO Abduction (film) UFO Abduction is a 1989 found footage/thriller film. UFO Abduction was written, directed, filmed, and produced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11552051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon\",\n \"text\": \"accepted theories in the scientific community. It involves an explanation, using psychological theory and research, of ways psychologically healthy individuals may come to believe they have been abducted and ways they maintain that belief. False memory involves several steps or series of events, not all of which are required to lead to a false memory of abduction. The vast majority of abduction experiences are thought to originate from an episode of sleep paralysis, which is often accompanied by a feeling of a heavy weight pressing down upon one's chest, as well as hypnopompic hallucinations—the feeling of flying or levitating, flashing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12385385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Child abduction\",\n \"text\": \"for cross-border mediation in 2008, sponsored by NCMEC. Held at the University of Miami School of Law, Lawyers, Judges, and certified mediators interested in international child abduction cases, attended. International child abduction is not new. A case of international child abduction has been documented aboard the Titanic. However, the incidence of international child abduction continues to increase due to the ease of international travel, increase in bi-cultural marriages and a high divorce rate. Parental abduction has been defined as child abuse. Launched in 1998 as a joint venture of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) and NCMEC,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13211273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"International child abduction\",\n \"text\": \"of international child abduction was well understood, finding a way to address the problem in practice was exceedingly difficult, but the Swiss proposal had a solution that was elegant in its simplicity. Why not simply restore the \\\"status quo ante\\\"? In 1980 the Hague Conference drafted a convention to address the problem of international child abduction: the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction – commonly referred to as the Abduction Convention. The Swiss idea of restoring the \\\"status quo ante\\\" after a \\\"wrongful removal\\\" or \\\"wrongful retention\\\" became a mainstay of the Abduction Convention. Under the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14487207\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"different from the general population in term of psychopathology prevalence\\\". Dr. Elizabeth Slater conducted a blind study of nine abduction claimants and found them to be prone to \\\"mildly paranoid thinking,\\\" nightmares and having a weak sexual identity, while Dr. Richard McNally of Harvard Medical School concluded in a similar study of 10 abductees that \\\"none of them was suffering from any sort of psychiatric illness.\\\" Alleged abductees are seen by many pro-abduction researchers to have a higher incidence of non-abduction related paranormal events and abilities. Following an abduction experience, these paranormal abilities and occurrences sometimes seem to become more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alien abduction\",\n \"text\": \"sleep paralysis, psychopathology, psychodynamics [and] environmental factors\\\". Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films, in particular, \\\"Invaders From Mars\\\" (1953), and some of those reported to have actually abducted people. The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961. Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world, but are most common in English speaking countries, especially the United States. The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee. Mainstream scientists reject claims\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2881533\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["nomzamo winifred zanyiwe madikizela","winnie madikizela-mandela","winnie mandela","nomzano zaniewe","winnie nomzamo mandela","nomzamo winnie mandela","mandela, winnie","winnie madikizela mandela","winnie madikizela","winnifred mandela"],"string":"[\n \"nomzamo winifred zanyiwe madikizela\",\n \"winnie madikizela-mandela\",\n \"winnie mandela\",\n \"nomzano zaniewe\",\n \"winnie nomzamo mandela\",\n \"nomzamo winnie mandela\",\n \"mandela, winnie\",\n \"winnie madikizela mandela\",\n \"winnie madikizela\",\n \"winnifred mandela\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":587,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was the highest rank charles lindbergh attained?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"that his prewar assessments of the Soviet threat were correct. Lindbergh witnessed firsthand the defeat of Germany and the Holocaust, and Berg reported, \"he knew the American public no longer gave a hoot about his opinions.\" In 1954, on the recommendation of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], Lindbergh was commissioned a [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] in the [[U.S. Air Force Reserve]]. Also in that year, he served on a Congressional advisory panel that recommended the site of the [[United States Air Force Academy]]. In December 1968, he visited the crew of [[Apollo 8]] (the first manned mission to orbit the","psg_id":"871703"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"that his prewar assessments of the Soviet threat were correct. Lindbergh witnessed firsthand the defeat of Germany and the Holocaust, and Berg reported, \\\"he knew the American public no longer gave a hoot about his opinions.\\\" In 1954, on the recommendation of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], Lindbergh was commissioned a [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] in the [[U.S. Air Force Reserve]]. Also in that year, he served on a Congressional advisory panel that recommended the site of the [[United States Air Force Academy]]. In December 1968, he visited the crew of [[Apollo 8]] (the first manned mission to orbit the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871703\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Europe]], but he did achieve the first solo [[transatlantic flight]] and the first non-stop flight between North America and the European mainland. Lindbergh was an officer in the [[United States Army Reserve|U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve]], and he received the United States' highest military decoration, the [[Medal of Honor]], for the feat. Lindbergh's achievement spurred interest in both commercial aviation and air mail, and he devoted much time and effort to promoting such activity. But his historic flight and celebrity status also led to tragedy. In March 1932, his infant son, Charles Jr., [[Lindbergh kidnapping|was kidnapped and murdered]] in what","psg_id":"871628"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"(St. Louis, Missouri)|Forest Park]] in St. Louis, Missouri. [[File:Congressional Gold Medal presented to Col. Charles A. Lindbergh.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|The [[Congressional Gold Medal]] presented , 1930, to Lindbergh by President [[Herbert Hoover]] ]] [[File:Charles Lindberg, Medal of Honor.JPG|thumb|upright=0.75|Lindbergh's Medal of Honor]] Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve. Place and date: From New York City to Paris, France, , 1927. Entered service at: Little Falls, Minn. Born: , 1902, Detroit, Mich. G.O. No.: 5, W.D., 1928; Act of Congress , 1927. In addition to \"\"WE\"\" and \"The Spirit of St. Louis\", Lindbergh wrote prolifically over the years on other topics, including","psg_id":"871710"},{"title":"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh","text":"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh is a short film made in 1984 by Orson Welles. The film was intended as a private video letter from Welles to his longtime friend and accountant Bill Cronshaw, who was ill. In the film, Welles sits behind a typewriter at his desk and speaks of the human spirit, quoting the journal of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Welles was in visibly poor health himself when the film was made, and he did not intend for it to be seen by the public. \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\" was the last film","psg_id":"16066722"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"to Mexico, Lindbergh met Anne in Mexico City in December 1927. The couple was married on , 1929 in Englewood, New Jersey. They had six children: [[Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr.]] (1930–1932); [[Jon Morrow Lindbergh]] (b. 1932); Land Morrow Lindbergh (b. 1937), who studied anthropology at [[Stanford University]] and married Susan Miller in San Diego; [[Anne Lindbergh]] (1940–1993); Scott Lindbergh (b. 1942); and Reeve Lindbergh (b. 1945), a writer. Lindbergh taught Anne how to fly and she accompanied and assisted him in much of his exploring and charting of air routes. Lindbergh saw his children for only a few months a","psg_id":"871668"},{"title":"Charles August Lindbergh","text":"Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1907 to 1917. He opposed American entry into World War I as well as the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Lindbergh is best known as the father of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born Carl Månsson, in Stockholm, Sweden, to Lovisa Carlén, the 19-year-old mistress of Ola Månsson, a peasant member of the Riksdag of the Estates and a bank manager. When accused of bribery and embezzlement, Ola Månsson changed his name to","psg_id":"5637111"},{"title":"Charles August Lindbergh","text":"members of the Federal Reserve Board including Paul Warburg and William Proctor Gould Harding, charging that they were involved \"...in a conspiracy to violate the Constitution and laws of the United States...\" Charles August Lindbergh died in 1924 in Crookston, Minnesota of brain cancer. He has a memorial plaque in the columbarium at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis. According to his wishes, son Charles scattered his ashes over the place near Sauk River where the first Lindbergh home once stood. Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman","psg_id":"5637115"},{"title":"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh","text":"at the end of Vassili Slovic's 1995 documentary \"Orson Welles: the One-Man Band.\" The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh is a short film made in 1984 by Orson Welles. The film was intended as a private video letter from Welles to his longtime friend and accountant Bill Cronshaw, who was ill. In the film, Welles sits behind a typewriter at his desk and speaks of the human spirit, quoting the journal of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Welles was in visibly poor health himself when the film was made, and he did not intend for it to be","psg_id":"16066724"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a [[U.S. Air Mail]] pilot to instantaneous world fame by winning the [[Orteig Prize]]: making a nonstop flight from [[Roosevelt Field (airport)|Roosevelt Field]], [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]], to [[Paris]], France. Lindbergh covered the -hour, flight alone in a single-engine purpose-built [[Ryan Airline Company|Ryan]] [[monoplane]], the \"[[Spirit of St. Louis]]\". This was not the [[Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown|first flight between North America and","psg_id":"871627"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"a 500-guest banquet and dance held at Clarence MacKay's Long Island estate, [[Harbor Hill]]. The following night, Lindbergh was honored with a grand banquet at the Hotel Commodore given by the Mayor's Committee on Receptions of the City of New York and attended by some 3,700 people. He was officially awarded the check for the prize on . On July 18, 1927, Lindbergh was promoted to the rank of colonel in the Air Corps of the Officers Reserve Corps of the U.S. Army. On , 1927, a Special [[Act of Congress]] awarded Lindbergh the [[Medal of Honor]], despite the fact","psg_id":"871657"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"for [[Montgomery, Alabama]], some 140 miles to the west, for his first solo cross-country flight. He went on to spend much of the rest of 1923 engaged in almost nonstop barnstorming under the name of \"Daredevil Lindbergh\". Unlike the previous year, this time Lindbergh flew in his \"own ship\" as pilot. A few weeks after leaving Americus, the young airman also achieved another key aviation milestone when he made his first flight at night near [[Lake Village, Arkansas]]. [[File:Charles Lindbergh 1925.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.75|2nd Lt. Charles A. Lindbergh, USASRC March 1925]] While Lindbergh was barnstorming in [[Lone Rock, Wisconsin]], on two occasions he","psg_id":"871638"},{"title":"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park","text":"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park Charles A. Lindbergh State Park is a 569-acre (2.3 km²) Minnesota state park on the outskirts of Little Falls. The park was once the farm of Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son Charles Lindbergh, the famous aviator. Their restored 1906 house and two other farm buildings are within the park boundaries. The house, a National Historic Landmark, and an adjacent museum are operated by the Minnesota Historical Society, known as the Charles Lindbergh House and Museum. Three buildings and three structures built by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s were named to the","psg_id":"6733593"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh and the Rise of the Third Reich|The American Axis]]\", [[Holocaust]] researcher and investigative journalist [[Max Wallace]] agreed with Franklin Roosevelt's assessment that Lindbergh was \"pro-Nazi\". However, he found that the Roosevelt Administration's accusations of dual loyalty or treason were unsubstantiated. Wallace considered Lindbergh to be a well-intentioned but bigoted and misguided Nazi sympathizer whose career as the leader of the isolationist movement had a destructive impact on Jewish people. Lindbergh's [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning biographer, [[A. Scott Berg]], contended that Lindbergh was not so much a supporter of the Nazi regime as someone so stubborn in his","psg_id":"871694"},{"title":"Jon Lindbergh","text":"Karen Pryor, daughter of author Philip Wylie; they divorced in 1997. Lindbergh is currently married to Maura Jansen. He had two daughters with Jansen. When his father was dying, Lindbergh took charge of transporting him from New York City to Hawaii to die, and helped build his father's grave. Lindbergh's eldest brother, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., the first of six children born to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in the infamous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \"the crime of the century\". Jon's other Lindbergh siblings are: Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993),","psg_id":"16467309"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"grounds of the Palapala Ho'omau Church in [[Kipahulu]], [[Maui]]. His [[epitaph]], on a simple stone following the words \"Charles A. Lindbergh Born Michigan 1902 Died Maui 1974\", quotes [[Psalms]] 139:9: \"... If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea ... C.A.L.\" [[File:Bourget-statue.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Statue in honor of [[François Coli|Coli]], [[Charles Nungesser|Nungesser]], and Lindbergh at [[Paris–Le Bourget Airport]]]] Lindbergh received many awards, medals and decorations, most of which were later donated to the Missouri Historical Society and are on display at the Jefferson Memorial, now part of the [[Missouri History Museum]] in [[Forest Park","psg_id":"871709"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"is disagreement on how accurate Lindbergh's reports were, but Cole asserts that the consensus among British and American officials was that they were slightly exaggerated but badly needed. Lindbergh also undertook a survey of aviation in the [[Soviet Union]] in 1938. [[File:Hermann Goering gives Charles Lindbergh a Nazi medal.jpg|right|thumb|Göring presenting Lindbergh with a medal on behalf of [[Adolf Hitler]] in October 1938]] In 1938, [[Hugh R. Wilson|Hugh Wilson]], the American ambassador to Germany, hosted a dinner for Lindbergh with Germany's air chief, [[Hermann Göring]] and three central figures in German aviation, [[Ernst Heinkel]], Adolf Baeumker, and [[Willy Messerschmitt]]. At this","psg_id":"871679"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"be withdrawn from circulation and would therefore attract attention; the bills' serial numbers were also recorded. On , the child's remains were found in woods not far from the Lindbergh home. [[File:Charles Lindbergh testifying.jpg|thumb|right|Lindbergh testifying at the Hauptmann trial in 1935. Bruno Hauptmann can be seen on the right side of the photograph.]] In response to what was widely called \"The Crime of the Century\", Congress passed the so-called [[Federal Kidnapping Act|\"Lindbergh Law\"]], which made kidnapping a [[Federal crime|federal offense]] if the victim is taken across state lines or (as in the Lindbergh case) the kidnapper uses \"the mail or...","psg_id":"871670"},{"title":"Charles August Lindbergh","text":"year. In 1887, Lindbergh married Mary LaFond, with whom he had two daughters, Lillian and Eva. Mary LaFond died in 1898. In 1901, Charles married Evangeline Lodge Land (1876–1954). In 1902, they settled in Little Falls, Minnesota. They separated in 1918, their only child being the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, who also became an antiwar leader. Lindbergh served as prosecuting attorney for Morrison County, Minnesota in 1891-1893. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1906 as a Republican, serving in the 60th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, and 64th congresses. In 1916 he unsuccessfully campaigned for a seat in","psg_id":"5637113"},{"title":"Anne Lindbergh","text":"also divorced. She was married to Noel Perrin, American essayist and a professor at Dartmouth College, at the time of her death. They lived together in Thetford Center, Vermont. Anne Lindbergh wrote numerous books, most of them for children. Anne Lindbergh died of cancer in 1993 at her home in Thetford Center, Vermont, at the age of 53. Anne Lindbergh's eldest brother, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., the first of six children born to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in a famous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \"the crime of the century\". Anne's other Lindbergh siblings","psg_id":"5855125"},{"title":"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park","text":"forest with oak and prairie openings. Damming has raised the water level of the Mississippi substantially from the days when Charles Lindbergh swam in it. The park has a campground with 38 sites, 15 of those with electrical hookups. There is also a group campsite that accommodates up to 30 people, one walk-in campsite, and a canoe-in site along the Mississippi River. Charles A. Lindbergh State Park Charles A. Lindbergh State Park is a 569-acre (2.3 km²) Minnesota state park on the outskirts of Little Falls. The park was once the farm of Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son","psg_id":"6733602"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Spengler was a conservative [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] and during the [[Interwar period|interwar era]], was widely read throughout the [[Western World]], though by this point he had fallen out of favor with the Nazis because he had not wholly subscribed to their theories of racial purity. Lindbergh developed a long-term friendship with the automobile pioneer [[Henry Ford]], who was well known for his anti-Semitic newspaper \"[[The Dearborn Independent]]\". In a famous comment about Lindbergh to [[Detroit]]'s former FBI field office special agent in charge in July 1940, Ford said: \"When Charles comes out here, we only talk about the Jews.\" Lindbergh considered Russia","psg_id":"871691"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"science, technology, nationalism, war, materialism, and values. Included among those writings were five other books: \"The Culture of Organs\" (with [[Alexis Carrel|Dr. Alexis Carrel]]) (1938), \"Of Flight and Life\" (1948), \"The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh\" (1970), \"Boyhood on the Upper Mississippi\" (1972), and his unfinished \"Autobiography of Values\" (posthumous, 1978). In addition to many biographies such as A. Scott Berg's massive \"\"Lindbergh\"\" published in 1999 and others, Lindbergh also influenced or was the model for characters in a variety of works of fiction. Shortly after he made his famous flight, the [[Stratemeyer Syndicate]] began publishing a series of","psg_id":"871711"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Minnesota]], and Washington, D.C. He was the third child of [[Charles August Lindbergh]] ([[Name at birth|birth name]] Carl Månsson; 1859–1924) who had emigrated from Sweden to [[Melrose, Minnesota]] as an infant, and his only child with his second wife, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954), of Detroit. Charles' parents separated in 1909 when he was seven. Lindbergh's father, a [[United States Congress|U.S. Congressman]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]-[[Minnesota|MN]]-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of the few Congressmen to oppose the entry of the U.S. into World War I (although his Congressional term ended one month prior to the House of Representatives","psg_id":"871632"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"or Autobiography winners]] [[Category:Racism in the United States]] [[Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] [[Category:Sidwell Friends School alumni]] [[Category:Transatlantic flight]] [[Category:United States Air Force officers]] [[Category:United States airmail pilots]] [[Category:United States Army Air Forces officers]] [[Category:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients]] [[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni]] [[Category:Writers from Detroit]] [[Category:Antisemitism in the United States]] [[Category:Critics of Judaism]] [[Category:American male non-fiction writers]] Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age","psg_id":"871719"},{"title":"Charles August Lindbergh","text":"August Lindbergh, left his wife and seven children, and emigrated to the United States with his mistress and their illegitimate infant son, Carl, in 1859. Lovisa became Louisa and young Carl became Charles August Lindbergh. They settled in Melrose, Minnesota and had six more children together. August worked as a farmer and a blacksmith for 26 years before marrying Louisa in 1885, having become a widower in 1864 with the death of his first wife in Sweden. Charles August Lindbergh studied law at the University of Michigan Law School, graduating in 1883 and being admitted to the bar the same","psg_id":"5637112"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"In [[Denis MacEoin|Daniel Easterman]]'s [[K is for Killing]] (1997), a fictional Charles Lindbergh becomes President of a fascist United States. His vice-president, and power behind the throne, is the notorious rapist and Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan, [[D. C. Stephenson|David Stephenson]]. Eventually, Lindbergh is assassinated in the novel and it is implied that Stephenson, who has now risen to President of the United States, orchestrated Lindbergh's murder. The [[Philip Roth]] novel \"[[The Plot Against America]]\" (2004) explores an [[alternate history]] where [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] is defeated in the 1940 presidential election by Lindbergh, who allies the United States","psg_id":"871713"},{"title":"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park","text":"died, and the farm was largely neglected. After Charles Lindbergh became famous in 1927, souvenir seekers frequently broke into the empty house and caused extensive damage. Encouraged by locals hoping to see the house protected, the Lindbergh family donated the farm to the state of Minnesota in 1931 as a park in memory of C.A. The family worked with the Minnesota Historical Society to restore the home, and donated many original furnishings. The Works Progress Administration developed the park for recreation. In 1969 the house and its grounds were transferred to the Minnesota Historical Society. In what was to be","psg_id":"6733599"},{"title":"Lindbergh (book)","text":"Lindbergh (book) Lindbergh is a 1998 Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Charles Lindbergh by A. Scott Berg. The book became a \"New York Times\" Best Seller and won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for biography. Once he had completed his second book, \"\" (about film producer Samuel Goldwyn, Jr.) in 1989, Berg began the search for his next subject. He wanted it to be \"another great American cultural figure but—because I had written about Perkins and Goldwyn—not somebody from the worlds of publishing or film\". After briefly considering Tennessee Williams, Berg chose the aviator Charles Lindbergh, attracted by what he","psg_id":"17554995"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"wife, the former [[Anne Morrow]], were the parents of six children. He fathered seven more children as a result of several covert adulterous affairs with three [[German people|German women]] (two from [[Bavaria]], one from [[East Prussia]]) beginning in 1957 when he was 55 years old. In 2003, (twenty-nine years after Lindbergh's death and two years after his wife died) one of those children, Astrid Hesshaimer, revealed the story of Lindbergh's affairs to the world. [[File:Charles&Dad.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|Charles A. Lindbergh and his father, circa 1910]] Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit]], Michigan, on , 1902, and spent most of his childhood in [[Little Falls,","psg_id":"871631"},{"title":"Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History","text":"Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History The Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History, also known as the Lindbergh Chair, is a one-year senior fellowship hosted by the U.S. National Air and Space Museum (NASM), to assist a scholar in the research and composition of a book about aerospace history. Named for the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, the position is competitive: one experienced scholar is selected each year from multiple applicants worldwide. Up to $100,000 is granted to the winner. The Lindbergh Chair is one of four research fellowships administered by NASM within the Smithsonian Institution: the others are","psg_id":"15659941"},{"title":"Professor (highest academic rank)","text":"Professor (highest academic rank) Professor (informally also known as full professor) is the highest academic rank at universities and other institutions of higher education in parts of the world. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of the highest rank. In most Commonwealth nations (such as the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, English-speaking Caribbean) and northern Europe, \"professor\" is the title of the most senior academics at a university and not a generic label for all university academics. A professor is a highly accomplished and","psg_id":"11318818"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"and his fellow CAM-2 pilots had used, so it could be said that each cover had been flown by him. The covers were then backstamped and returned to their senders as promotion of the Air Mail Service. In 1929–1931, Lindbergh carried much smaller numbers of souvenir covers on the first flights over routes in [[Latin America]] and the [[Caribbean]], which he had earlier laid out as a consultant to [[Pan American World Airways|Pan American Airways]] to be then flown under contract to the Post Office as Foreign Air Mail (FAM) routes 5 and 6. [[File:CharlesLindbergh22.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.75|Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] In","psg_id":"871666"},{"title":"The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case","text":"The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case is a 1976 American television film dramatisation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. It was directed by Buzz Kulik and stars Cliff DeYoung, Anthony Hopkins, Martin Balsam, Joseph Cotten, and Walter Pidgeon. The film opens with archive footage of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis and the song “Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)”. Hopewell, New Jersey, March 1, 1932. After preparing a bath, Anne Morrow Lindbergh (Sian Barbara Allen) is alerted by her nurse, Betty Gow, that her baby is not in its crib. They check with Charles","psg_id":"18907470"},{"title":"Lindbergh (book)","text":"described as \"the dramatic possibilities of the story of the great hero who became a great victim and a great villain\". \"Charles Lindbergh is a window onto the whole world -- a great lens for observing the American century,\" Berg elaborated. When asked about previous biographies of Lindbergh, Berg noted \"The problem is most of what has been written about him is wrong or misleading.\" Berg had been interested earlier by the idea of writing a book on the life of Lindbergh but \"had scratched Lindbergh off my list\" when he heard that Lindbergh's papers were locked up and inaccessible.","psg_id":"17554996"},{"title":"Jon Lindbergh","text":"conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and writer Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Jon Lindbergh Jon Morrow Lindbergh (born August 16, 1932) is a former underwater diver from the United States. He has worked as a United States Navy demolition expert and as a commercial diver, and was one of the world's earliest aquanauts in the 1960s. He was also a pioneer in cave diving. He is the oldest surviving child of aviator Charles Lindbergh and writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born on August 16, 1932, five months after the kidnapping and death of his older brother, Charles Lindbergh Jr. Jon's parents had","psg_id":"16467310"},{"title":"Reeve Lindbergh","text":"serving as the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico. In 1932, the Lindbergh’s firstborn, Charles Lindbergh Jr., was kidnapped from their home in Hopewell, New Jersey — and killed — 13 years before Reeve was born. Reeve's parents never discussed the kidnapping with their children. As she relates, “ As the youngest, it’s been easiest for me. My brothers and older sister grew up under the shadow of the kidnapping and the war years.” In \"The Names of the Mountains\" Lindbergh reveals what life as a Lindbergh was like after the death of her father through a fictional family. \"Under a Wing:","psg_id":"20674457"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"interventionist policies, telling Treasury Secretary [[Henry Morgenthau Jr.|Henry Morgenthau]], \"If I should die tomorrow, I want you to know this, I am absolutely convinced Lindbergh is a Nazi.\" In 1941 he wrote to Secretary of War [[Henry Stimson]]: \"When I read Lindbergh's speech I felt that it could not have been better put if it had been written by [[Joseph Goebbels|Goebbels]] himself. What a pity that this youngster has completely abandoned his belief in our form of government and has accepted Nazi methods because apparently they are efficient.\" Lindbergh elucidated his beliefs regarding [[White people|white race]] in a 1939 article","psg_id":"871687"},{"title":"Jon Lindbergh","text":"Jon Lindbergh Jon Morrow Lindbergh (born August 16, 1932) is a former underwater diver from the United States. He has worked as a United States Navy demolition expert and as a commercial diver, and was one of the world's earliest aquanauts in the 1960s. He was also a pioneer in cave diving. He is the oldest surviving child of aviator Charles Lindbergh and writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born on August 16, 1932, five months after the kidnapping and death of his older brother, Charles Lindbergh Jr. Jon's parents had discovered the name \"Jon\" in a book about Scandinavian","psg_id":"16467303"},{"title":"August Lindbergh","text":"their younger children, who did not live long. August Lindbergh August Lindbergh (12 May 1808 – 14 October 1893) was a Swedish American farmer and politician. He was the father of the U.S. politician Charles August Lindbergh, and the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh. August Lindbergh was born Ola Månsson in Smedstorp, Tomelilla Municipality in Skåne, Sweden. His father, Måns Jönsson (at that time, Swedish peasants used patronymics as family names), married to Sara Carlsdotter, owned a small farm and worked as a parish tailor in Smedstorp. Through his marriage to Ingar Jönsdotter, who brought in a substantial dowry, and","psg_id":"10962940"},{"title":"August Lindbergh","text":"August Lindbergh August Lindbergh (12 May 1808 – 14 October 1893) was a Swedish American farmer and politician. He was the father of the U.S. politician Charles August Lindbergh, and the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh. August Lindbergh was born Ola Månsson in Smedstorp, Tomelilla Municipality in Skåne, Sweden. His father, Måns Jönsson (at that time, Swedish peasants used patronymics as family names), married to Sara Carlsdotter, owned a small farm and worked as a parish tailor in Smedstorp. Through his marriage to Ingar Jönsdotter, who brought in a substantial dowry, and his own hard work, Månsson became a well-to-do","psg_id":"10962935"},{"title":"Anne Lindbergh","text":"are aquanaut Jon Lindbergh (1932-), Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Anne Lindbergh was the recipient of numerous honors for her work, including an award from the International Reading Association. This list includes all known titles at WorldCat. Anne Lindbergh Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940 – December 10, 1993) was an American writer, primarily of children's novels. She was the daughter of aviators/authors Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Anne Lindbergh was raised in Darien, Connecticut. After studying at Radcliffe College for three years, she moved to Paris to continue her education, studying at the","psg_id":"5855126"},{"title":"Erik Lindbergh","text":"control for larger aircraft than multicopter drones' fixed-pitch propellers, avoiding control lag. Son of Jon Lindbergh and Barbara Robbins, Erik Lindbergh is the grandson, by his father, of the pioneering aviators Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. His father's Lindbergh siblings are Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993), conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and writer Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Lindbergh has written the foreword to several books, a monthly column in AOPA Pilot magazine and numerous freelance and op-ed articles. In May 2008 Lindbergh was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws degree from Molloy College in NY for outstanding","psg_id":"3836464"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"death) did not know the true identity of their father, whom they had only known by the alias Careu Kent and they had only seen him when he briefly visited them once or twice per year. However, after reading a magazine article about Lindbergh in the mid-1980s, Brigitte's daughter Astrid deduced the truth; she later discovered snapshots and more than 150 love letters from Lindbergh to Brigitte. After Brigitte and Anne Lindbergh had both died, she made her findings public; in 2003 DNA tests confirmed that Lindbergh had fathered Astrid and her two siblings. Reeve Lindbergh, Lindbergh's youngest child with","psg_id":"871706"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"pilots. First produced in 1931, it is still produced today. In 1929, Lindbergh became interested in the work of rocket pioneer [[Robert H. Goddard]]. By helping Goddard secure an [[Financial endowment|endowment]] from [[Daniel Guggenheim]] in 1930, Lindbergh allowed Goddard to expand his research and development. Throughout his life, Lindbergh remained a key advocate of Goddard's work. In 1930, Lindbergh's sister-in-law developed a fatal heart condition. Lindbergh began to wonder why hearts could not be repaired with surgery. Starting in early 1931 at the Rockefeller Institute and continuing during his time living in France, Lindbergh studied the [[perfusion]] of organs outside","psg_id":"871676"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"bomber escort mission with the [[433d Weapons Squadron|433rd Fighter Squadron]] in the [[Seram Island|Ceram]] area, Lindbergh shot down a [[Mitsubishi Ki-51]] \"Sonia\" observation plane, piloted by Captain Saburo Shimada, commanding officer of the 73rd Independent Chutai. After the war, Lindbergh was touring the Nazi [[concentration camp]]s when he wrote in his autobiography that he was disgusted and angered. After World War II, Lindbergh lived in [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]], [[Connecticut]] and served as a consultant to the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]] and to [[Pan American World Airways]]. With most of eastern Europe under Communist control, Lindbergh believed","psg_id":"871702"},{"title":"Lindbergh kidnapping","text":"Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his home Highfields in East Amwell, New Jersey, United States. On May 12, his body was discovered nearby. In September 1934 Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested for the crime. After a trial that lasted from January 2 to February 13, 1935, he was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. Despite his conviction, he continued to profess his innocence, but all appeals failed and he was executed in the electric chair at the New Jersey","psg_id":"2124503"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"the \"[[Spirit of St. Louis]]\", the fabric-covered, single-seat, single-engine \"Ryan NYP\" high-wing monoplane ([[Civil Aeronautics Authority|CAB]] registration: N-X-211) was designed jointly by Lindbergh and Ryan's chief engineer [[Donald A. Hall]]. The \"Spirit\" flew for the first time just two months later, and after a series of test flights Lindbergh took off from San Diego on . He went first to St. Louis, then on to Roosevelt Field on New York's Long Island. [[File:Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Lindbergh with the \"Spirit of St. Louis\" before his Paris flight]] In the early morning of Friday,","psg_id":"871649"},{"title":"Lindbergh kidnapping","text":"baby to be raised in Germany. Robert Zorn's 2012 book \"Cemetery John\" proposes that Hauptmann was part of a conspiracy with two other German-born men, John and Walter Knoll. Zorn's father, economist Eugene Zorn, believed that as a teenager he had witnessed the conspiracy being discussed. Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his home Highfields in East Amwell, New Jersey, United States. On May 12, his body was discovered nearby. In September 1934 Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested for the crime. After a","psg_id":"2124542"},{"title":"Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History","text":"series. The winner is expected to reside in the Washington, DC, area for nine months to a year, the academic year generally starting in September and ending by the following August. He or she is also expected to take part in discussions with museum staff and to attend professional seminars and colloquia. Along with access to primary research materials, the winner is given the use of an office, a phone and a computer. Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History The Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History, also known as the Lindbergh Chair, is a one-year senior fellowship hosted","psg_id":"15659943"},{"title":"The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case","text":"was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Made for TV. Anthony Hopkins won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case is a 1976 American television film dramatisation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. It was directed by Buzz Kulik and stars Cliff DeYoung, Anthony Hopkins, Martin Balsam, Joseph Cotten, and Walter Pidgeon. The film opens with archive footage of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis and the song “Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)”. Hopewell, New Jersey, March 1,","psg_id":"18907478"},{"title":"Anne Morrow Lindbergh","text":"at the Lindbergh home police began the first search into the disappearance of young Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., there police witnessed two clear sets of footprints outside of the Lindbergh home. One set specifically lead southeast towards a ladder that was believed to be used in the abduction. Upon the discovery of intruders, police returned inside the home to begin there initial search of the nursery. Before calling the police Charles Lindbergh uncovered a plain white envelope located on the windowsill. Believing it was a ransom note, Charles left it for police inspection. Expert in crime-scene photography and fingerprints, Corporal","psg_id":"1483720"},{"title":"Erik Lindbergh","text":"Erik Lindbergh Erik Charles Lindbergh (born 1965) is an aviator, adventurer, and an artist. He is the grandson of pioneering aviator Charles Lindbergh, the first person to fly non-stop between New York and Paris in 1927. In 2002 Erik Lindbergh honored the 75th anniversary of his grandfather's historic flight by retracing the journey in his own single-engine aircraft. The journey was documented by the History Channel, raised over one million dollars for three charities, garnered half a billion media impressions for the X PRIZE Foundation and prompted a call from United States President George W. Bush for inspiring the country","psg_id":"3836458"},{"title":"Erik Lindbergh","text":"service to humanity. Erik Lindbergh Erik Charles Lindbergh (born 1965) is an aviator, adventurer, and an artist. He is the grandson of pioneering aviator Charles Lindbergh, the first person to fly non-stop between New York and Paris in 1927. In 2002 Erik Lindbergh honored the 75th anniversary of his grandfather's historic flight by retracing the journey in his own single-engine aircraft. The journey was documented by the History Channel, raised over one million dollars for three charities, garnered half a billion media impressions for the X PRIZE Foundation and prompted a call from United States President George W. Bush for","psg_id":"3836465"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"his autobiography, Lindbergh derided pilots he met as womanizing \"barnstormers\"; he also criticized Army cadets for their \"facile\" approach to relationships. He wrote that the ideal romance was stable and long-term, with a woman with keen intellect, good health, and strong genes, his \"experience in breeding animals on our farm [having taught him] the importance of good heredity\". [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] (1906–2001) was the daughter of [[Dwight Morrow]] who, as partner at [[J.P. Morgan & Co.]], had acted as financial adviser to Lindbergh. He was also the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico in 1927. Invited by Morrow on a goodwill tour","psg_id":"871667"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"killed Lindbergh\". [[File:433dfws.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.7|433rd Fighter Squadron \"Satan's Angels\"]] In his six months in the Pacific in 1944, Lindbergh took part in fighter bomber raids on Japanese positions, flying 50 combat missions (again as a civilian). His innovations in the use of [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning]] fighters impressed a supportive Gen. [[Douglas MacArthur]]. Lindbergh introduced [[Air–fuel ratio|engine-leaning techniques]] to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling the long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer range missions. The U.S. Marine and Army Air Force pilots who served with Lindbergh praised his courage and defended his patriotism. On , 1944, during a P-38","psg_id":"871701"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"banquet.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Program for the New York \"WE\" Banquet (, 1927)]] Lindbergh flew from Washington, D.C. to New York City on , arriving in lower Manhattan. He traveled up the [[Broadway (Manhattan)#Canyon of Heroes|Canyon of Heroes]] to City Hall, where he was received by Mayor [[Jimmy Walker]]. A [[ticker-tape parade]] followed to Central Park Mall, where he was honored at another ceremony hosted by New York Governor [[Al Smith]] and attended by a crowd of 200,000. Some 4,000,000 persons saw Lindbergh that day. That evening, Lindbergh was accompanied by his mother and Mayor Walker when he was the guest of honor at","psg_id":"871656"},{"title":"Reeve Lindbergh","text":"foundation. Lindbergh serves on the Vermont Arts Council. Reeve Lindbergh Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (born October 2, 1945) is an American author from Caledonia County, Vermont who grew up in Darien, Connecticut as the daughter of aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974) and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906-2001). She was graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968. Her second husband, writer Nathaniel Wardwell Tripp (1944-) wrote the Vietnam memoir, \"Father, Soldier, Son\" (1997) which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. Lindbergh writes of her experiences growing up in the household of her famous father — with echoes of his famous","psg_id":"20674470"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"year. He kept track of each child's infractions (including such things as gum-chewing) and insisted that Anne track every penny of household expenses in account books. [[File:Lindbergh baby poster.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65]] On the evening of , 1932, twenty-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. was abducted from his crib in the Lindbergh's rural home, [[Highfields (Amwell and Hopewell, New Jersey)|Highfields]], in [[East Amwell Township, New Jersey|East Amwell, New Jersey]], near the town of [[Hopewell, New Jersey|Hopewell]]. A man who claimed to be the kidnapper, picked up a cash ransom of $50,000 on , part of which was in [[gold certificate]]s, which were soon to","psg_id":"871669"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"dragged Lindbergh out of the cockpit, and literally carried him around above their heads for \"nearly half an hour\". Some damage was done to the \"Spirit\" (especially to the fine linen, silver-painted fabric covering on the [[fuselage]]) by souvenir hunters before pilot and plane reached the safety of a nearby hangar with the aid of French military fliers, soldiers, and police. Lindbergh's flight was certified by the National Aeronautic Association based on the readings from a sealed [[barograph]] placed in the \"Spirit\". [[File:CharlesLindbergh-RaymondOrteig.jpg|left|upright=0.75|thumb|Lindbergh accepting the prize from Orteig in New York, , 1927]] Lindbergh received unprecedented adulation after his historic","psg_id":"871653"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Year Award, [[Elinor Smith|Elinor Smith Sullivan]], said that before Lindbergh's flight, [[File:Lindbergh Airmail Stamp c10.jpg|thumb|right|\"Lindbergh [[Airmails of the United States|Air Mail]]\" 10¢ issue (C-10) , 1927]] Barely two months after Lindbergh arrived in Paris, G. P. Putnam's Sons published his 318-page autobiography \"\"WE\"\", which was the first of 15 books he eventually wrote or to which he made significant contributions. The company was run by aviation enthusiast [[George P. Putnam]]. The dustjacket notes said that Lindbergh wanted to share the \"story of his life and his transatlantic flight together with his views on the future of aviation\", and that \"\"WE\"\"","psg_id":"871659"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"to buy a World War I surplus [[Curtiss JN-4|Curtiss JN-4 \"Jenny\"]] biplane. Though Lindbergh had not touched an airplane in more than six months, he had already secretly decided he was ready to take to the air by himself. After a half-hour of dual time with a pilot who was visiting the field to pick up another surplus JN-4, Lindbergh flew solo for the first time in the Jenny he had just purchased for $500. After spending another week or so at the field to \"practice\" (thereby acquiring five hours of \"pilot in command\" time), Lindbergh took off from Americus","psg_id":"871637"},{"title":"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park","text":"National Register of Historic Places. These buildings include a picnic shelter and a water tower, built in the Rustic Style from local stone and logs, and have remained relatively unchanged since construction. Although the property includes shoreline on the Mississippi River, the Lindbergh family requested that the park not include intensive use areas for swimming or camping, so development was kept to a minimum. Charles August Lindbergh, known as C.A., was a prominent lawyer and real estate trader in Little Falls. In March 1901 he married Evangeline Lodge Land, the college-educated descendant of two notable Detroit medical families, who had","psg_id":"6733594"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"books for juvenile readers called the \"[[Ted Scott Flying Stories]]\" (1927–1943), which were written by a number of authors all using the \"[[pen name|nom de plume]]\" of [[Franklin W. Dixon]], in which the pilot hero was closely modeled after Lindbergh. Ted Scott duplicated the solo flight to Paris in the series' first volume, entitled \"Over the Ocean to Paris\" published in 1927. Another fictional literary reference to Lindbergh appears in the [[Agatha Christie]] book (1934) and movie \"[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]\" (1974) which begins with a fictionalized depiction of the [[Lindbergh baby kidnapping]].","psg_id":"871712"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"the [[Vought F4U Corsair]] fighter-bomber's rated capacity. At the time, several Marine squadrons were flying bomber escorts to destroy the Japanese stronghold of [[Rabaul]], [[New Britain]], in the Australian [[Territory of New Guinea]]. On , 1944, Lindbergh flew his first combat mission: a strafing run with [[VMF-222]] near the Japanese garrison of Rabaul. He also flew with [[VMF-216]], from the Marine Air Base at [[Torokina]], [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]]. Lindbergh was escorted on one of these missions by Lt. Robert E. (Lefty) McDonough, who refused to fly with Lindbergh again, as he did not want to be known as \"the guy who","psg_id":"871700"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"his loyalty. At an America First rally in September, Lindbergh accused three groups of \"pressing this country toward war[:] the British, the Jewish, and the Roosevelt Administration\": He went on to warn of \"large [Jewish] ownership and influence in our motion pictures, our press, our radio, and our government\", though he condemned Germany's [[antisemitism]]: \"No person with a sense of the dignity of mankind can condone the persecution of the Jewish race in Germany.\" He continued, Responding to criticism of his speech, Lindbergh denied he was anti-Semitic but did not back away from his positions. Anne Lindbergh felt that the","psg_id":"871685"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"months, applications for pilots' licenses tripled, and the number of planes quadrupled. President [[Herbert Hoover]] appointed Lindbergh to the [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]]. Lindbergh and [[Pan American World Airways]] head [[Juan Trippe]] were interested in developing a [[great circle]] air route across Alaska and Siberia to China and Japan. In the summer of 1931, with Trippe's support, Lindbergh and his wife flew from Long Island to [[Nome, Alaska]] and from there to Siberia, Japan and China. The route was not available for commercial service until after World WarII, as prewar aircraft lacked the range to fly Alaska to Japan","psg_id":"871663"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"After quitting college in February 1922, Lindbergh enrolled at the Nebraska Aircraft Corporation's flying school in Lincoln and flew for the first time on , as a passenger in a two-seat [[Standard J|Lincoln Standard \"Tourabout\"]] biplane trainer piloted by [[Otto Timm]]. A few days later, Lindbergh took his first formal flying lesson in that same machine, though he was never permitted to solo because he could not afford to post the requisite damage bond. To gain flight experience and earn money for further instruction, Lindbergh left Lincoln in June to spend the next few months [[barnstorming]] across Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado,","psg_id":"871635"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"on , 1936. [[File:Charles Lindbergh Arrives in England, January 1936.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Newsreel still of Lindbergh family arrival in England, , 1935]] An intensely private man, Lindbergh became exasperated by the unrelenting public attention in the wake of the kidnapping and Hauptmann trial, and was concerned for the safety of his three-year-old second son Jon. Consequently, in the predawn hours of Sunday, , 1935, the family \"sailed furtively\" from Manhattan for Liverpool, the only three passengers aboard the [[United States Lines]] freighter SS \"American Importer\". They traveled under assumed names and with diplomatic passports issued through the personal intervention of Treasury Secretary [[Ogden","psg_id":"871672"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"wrote a musical called \"Der Lindberghflug\" (The Lindbergh Flight) with music by [[Kurt Weill]] and [[Paul Hindemith]]. Because of Lindbergh's apparent Nazi sympathies, in 1950 Brecht removed all direct references to Lindbergh and renamed the piece \"[[The Flight across the Ocean|Der Ozeanflug]]\" (The Ocean Flight). In 2016, as part of his series of scores based around historical events, Adam Young released a score based around The Spirit of St. Louis's flight. During World War II, Lindbergh was a frequent target of [[Dr Seuss]]'s first political cartoons, published in the New York magazine [[PM (newspaper)|PM]], in which Geisel emphasised Lindbergh's anti-semitism","psg_id":"871715"},{"title":"Lindbergh Boulevard","text":"367. Lindbergh Boulevard Lindbergh Boulevard, named after the aviator, Charles Lindbergh, is a section of U.S. Routes 61 and 67 that extends through Missouri. Lindbergh Boulevard is home to Missouri's only traffic tunnel underneath a runway at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport. Lindbergh Boulevard was initially a bypass of St. Louis, designated in about 1930 as Route 77 from Mehlville to the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The part north of Dunn Road, where Route 77 turned off to access the bridge, was initially Route M and later Route 140. Route 77 was later extended at the south end to the Jefferson","psg_id":"8832238"},{"title":"Lindbergh Boulevard","text":"Lindbergh Boulevard Lindbergh Boulevard, named after the aviator, Charles Lindbergh, is a section of U.S. Routes 61 and 67 that extends through Missouri. Lindbergh Boulevard is home to Missouri's only traffic tunnel underneath a runway at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport. Lindbergh Boulevard was initially a bypass of St. Louis, designated in about 1930 as Route 77 from Mehlville to the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The part north of Dunn Road, where Route 77 turned off to access the bridge, was initially Route M and later Route 140. Route 77 was later extended at the south end to the Jefferson Barracks","psg_id":"8832235"},{"title":"Anne Lindbergh","text":"Anne Lindbergh Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940 – December 10, 1993) was an American writer, primarily of children's novels. She was the daughter of aviators/authors Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Anne Lindbergh was raised in Darien, Connecticut. After studying at Radcliffe College for three years, she moved to Paris to continue her education, studying at the Sorbonne. She met and married a fellow student there, Julien Feydy, who later became a political scientist and university professor. They later divorced. She later married Jerzy Sapieyevski, a composer and conductor she met in Europe and with whom she moved to Washington. They","psg_id":"5855124"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"duties included evaluating new aircraft types in development, recruitment procedures, and finding a site for a new air force research institute and other potential air bases. Assigned a [[Curtiss P-36 Hawk|Curtiss P-36]] fighter, he toured various facilities, reporting back to Wright Field. Lindbergh's brief four-month tour was also his first period of active military service since his graduation from the Army's Flight School fourteen years earlier in 1925. [[File:MIH-film101jpg.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Longines' Lindbergh watch]] [[File:Lindbergh perfusion pump in Putnam Gallery, 2009-11-24.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|A Lindbergh [[perfusion]] pump, \"circa\" 1935]] Lindbergh wrote to the [[Longines]] watch company and described a watch that would make navigation easier for","psg_id":"871675"},{"title":"Reeve Lindbergh","text":"his fellow pilot, Charles Lindbergh, to urge Americans to enter the war against Nazi Germany. Unsuccessful in his primary objective, de Saint-Exupery became captivated by \"Charles’s golden-haired boy,\" Land Lindbergh. As a 76-year-old Montana rancher in 2014, the possible basis for this classic story could not be reached for comment. Lindbergh won the Redbook magazine award in 1987 for ‘’The Midnight Farm’’ and in 1990 for ‘’Benjamin's Barn’’. She serves as member of board (1977-) and honorary chairman (2004-) of the Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation. She previously served as vice president (1986–95) and president (1995-2004) of the","psg_id":"20674469"},{"title":"Lindbergh kidnapping","text":"coerced. One theory is Lindbergh accidentally killed his son in a prank gone wrong. In \"Crime of the Century: The Lindbergh Kidnapping Hoax\", criminal defense attorney Gregory Ahlgren posits Lindbergh climbed a ladder and brought his son out a window, but dropped the child, killing him, so hid the body in the woods, then covered up the crime by blaming Hauptmann. Several people have suggested that Charles Lindbergh was responsible for the kidnapping. In 2010, Jim Bahm's \"Beneath the Winter Sycamores\" implied that the baby was physically disabled and Lindbergh arranged the kidnapping as a way of secretly moving the","psg_id":"2124541"},{"title":"Reeve Lindbergh","text":"Reeve Lindbergh Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (born October 2, 1945) is an American author from Caledonia County, Vermont who grew up in Darien, Connecticut as the daughter of aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974) and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906-2001). She was graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968. Her second husband, writer Nathaniel Wardwell Tripp (1944-) wrote the Vietnam memoir, \"Father, Soldier, Son\" (1997) which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. Lindbergh writes of her experiences growing up in the household of her famous father — with echoes of his famous transatlantic flight and the kidnapping of her eldest","psg_id":"20674455"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Pacific theatre of World War II]] [[Category:American nationalists]] [[Category:American Odd Fellows]] [[Category:American people of Swedish descent]] [[Category:American World War II pilots]] [[Category:Anti–World War II activists]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:Aviation history of the United States]] [[Category:Aviation pioneers]] [[Category:Aviators from Michigan]] [[Category:Aviators from Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Charles Lindbergh| ]] [[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in Hawaii]] [[Category:Deaths from lymphoma]] [[Category:Explorers of the United States]] [[Category:Freemen of the City of London]] [[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]] [[Category:Lindbergh family|Charles]] [[Category:Military personnel from Detroit]] [[Category:Non-combat recipients of the Medal of Honor]] [[Category:Non-interventionism]] [[Category:Old Right (United States)]] [[Category:People from Little Falls, Minnesota]] [[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Biography","psg_id":"871718"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"$15,000 bank loan. Lindbergh contributed $2,000 ($27,280.45 in 2017) of his own money and another $1,000 was donated by RAC. The total of $18,000 was far less than what was available to Lindbergh's rivals. The group tried to buy an \"off-the-peg\" single or multiengine monoplane from [[Wright Aeronautical]], then [[Travel Air]], and finally the newly formed [[Columbia Aircraft Corporation]], but all insisted on selecting the pilot as a condition of sale. Finally the much smaller [[Ryan Aeronautical|Ryan Aircraft Company]] of San Diego agreed to design and build a custom monoplane for $10,580, and on a deal was formally closed. Dubbed","psg_id":"871648"},{"title":"Lindbergh Range","text":"the average temperature reaches -5 °C and the coldest is February when the temperature sinks to -19 °C. Lindbergh Range The Lindbergh Range or Lindbergh Nunataks ( or \"Lindbergh Nunatakker\") is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. The range was observed and mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made in the course of the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Koch named it after pioneering aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902–1974), who reportedly had seen these tall nunataks previously during an eastward flight across the","psg_id":"19673011"},{"title":"Lindbergh Range","text":"Lindbergh Range The Lindbergh Range or Lindbergh Nunataks ( or \"Lindbergh Nunatakker\") is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. The range was observed and mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made in the course of the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Koch named it after pioneering aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902–1974), who reportedly had seen these tall nunataks previously during an eastward flight across the Greenland Ice Sheet and had discussed the matter with him when they met in Ella Island. Although not","psg_id":"19673008"},{"title":"Lindbergh (book)","text":"the two women did not know each other. Not long after, Berg heard from Mrs. Lindbergh. Berg convinced Lindbergh's widow, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, who considered him \"trustworthy,\" to grant him unprecedented access to the man's archives, which he was surprised to find totaled \"1,300 boxes, or several million papers\". In addition to his research in the archives, Berg also spoke with Mrs. Lindbergh, their five children and Lindbergh family friends. \"You can't write about Charles without writing about me,\" the widow told Berg, allowing him access to her memoirs and diaries. Berg found Lindbergh's papers \"in a miraculous order.\" Lindbergh","psg_id":"17554998"},{"title":"Lindbergh kidnapping","text":"State Prison on April 3, 1936. Newspaper writer H. L. Mencken called the kidnapping and trial \"the biggest story since the Resurrection.\" Legal scholars have referred to the trial as one of the \"trials of the century\". The crime spurred Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act, commonly called the \"Lindbergh Law\", which made transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime. At 7:30 p.m. on March 1, 1932, family nurse Betty Gow put 20 month-old Charles Lindbergh Jr. into his crib. Around 9:30 p.m. Charles Lindbergh was in the library just below the baby's room when he","psg_id":"2124504"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"covering in just over 116 hours of flight time. A year and two days after it had made its first flight, Lindbergh flew the \"Spirit\" from St. Louis to Washington, D.C., where it has been on public display at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] ever since. Over the previous 367 days, Lindbergh and the \"Spirit\" had logged 489 hours 28 minutes of flight time together. [[File:Spirit of St. Louis Smithsonian.JPG|thumb|right|The \"Spirit of St. Louis\" on display at the National Air and Space Museum]] A \"Lindbergh boom\" in aviation had begun. The volume of mail moving by air increased 50 percent within six","psg_id":"871662"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"with [[Nazi Germany]]. Within days of the flight, dozens of [[Tin Pan Alley]] publishers rushed a variety of popular songs into print celebrating Lindbergh and the \"Spirit of St. Louis\" including \"[[Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)]]\" by Howard Johnson and [[Al Sherman]], and \"Lucky Lindy\" by [[L. Wolfe Gilbert]] and Abel Baer. In the two-year period following Lindbergh's flight, the U.S. Copyright Office recorded three hundred applications for Lindbergh songs. [[Tony Randall]] revived \"Lucky Lindy\" in an album of [[Jazz Age]] and [[Great Depression|Depression]]-era songs that he recorded entitled \"Vo Vo De Oh Doe\" (1967). In 1929, [[Bertolt Brecht]]","psg_id":"871714"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"in Klink's Curtiss JN-4C \"Canuck\" (the Canadian version of the Jenny). Lindbergh also \"cracked up\" this aircraft once when his engine failed shortly after take-off in [[Pensacola, Florida]], but again he managed to repair the damage himself. Following a few months of barnstorming through the South, the two pilots parted company in [[San Antonio]], Texas, where Lindbergh reported to [[Brooks City-Base|Brooks Field]] on , 1924, to begin a year of military flight training with the [[United States Army Air Service]] there (and later at nearby [[Kelly Field Annex|Kelly Field]]). Lindbergh had his most serious flying accident on , 1925, eight","psg_id":"871640"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"Wyoming, and Montana as a [[wing walking|wing walker]] and [[Parachuting|parachutist]]. He also briefly worked as an airplane mechanic at the [[Billings, Montana]], municipal airport. [[File:\"Daredevil Lindbergh\".jpg|thumb|right|\"Daredevil Lindbergh\" in a re-engined Standard J-1, the plane in this photo often misidentified as a Curtiss \"Jenny\", probably 1925]] Lindbergh left flying with the onset of winter and returned to his father's home in Minnesota. His return to the air and first solo flight did not come until half a year later in May 1923 at [[Jimmy Carter Regional Airport|Souther Field]] in [[Americus, Georgia]], a former Army flight training field, where he had come","psg_id":"871636"},{"title":"Reeve Lindbergh","text":"A Memoir\" recounts Lindbergh's life as a child growing up in Darien, Connecticut with her “loving but stern father”. Charles did not allow his children to drink soda or eat candy, and he favored family discussion over watching television. He directed his family with a set of hard-and-fast rules. \"There were only two ways of doing things—Father's way and the wrong way,\" Lindbergh notes in her book. The build-up to World War II brought more controversy to the Lindbergh household. Charles Lindbergh was an outspoken isolationist and critic of U.S. military involvement against Nazi Germany. Putting her father's views in","psg_id":"20674458"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"the attack on Pearl Harbor came as a shock to Lindbergh, he did predict that America's \"wavering policy in the [[Philippines]]\" would invite a bloody war there, and, in one speech, he warned, \"we should either fortify these islands adequately, or get out of them entirely.\" After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Lindbergh sought to be recommissioned in the USAAF. The Secretary of War, [[Henry L. Stimson]], declined the request on instructions from the White House. [[File:Vmf222a insig.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|VMF-222 \"Flying Deuces\"]] [[File:VMF-216 insignia.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|VMF-216 \"Bulldogs\"]] Unable to take on an active military role, Lindbergh approached a number of aviation companies and","psg_id":"871698"},{"title":"Reeve Lindbergh","text":"Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in a famous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \"the crime of the century\". Reeve's other Lindbergh siblings include aquanaut Jon Lindbergh (1932-), Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993), and conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), who raised rare monkeys in France. Reeve discovered later in life that her father had three other families in Germany and Switzerland. Reeve's brother Land Morrow Lindbergh has been considered a possible model for central character in French writer-aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupery's \"The Little Prince\". The author visited the Lindbergh home in 1939, hoping to convince","psg_id":"20674468"},{"title":"Lindbergh Forest","text":"entry, \"Lindbergh Forest,\" was suggested by Emilee Cate. She submitted the name in honor of aviator Charles Lindbergh, who had completed his famous trans-Atlantic flight in 1927. Cate was the wife of Sheriff J. Carroll Cate, who as a deputy sheriff had unsuccessfully defended the Knox County Jail from a lynch mob during the Riot of 1919. The Cates lived on Chamberlain Boulevard. Early residents of Lindbergh Forest included local business owners, local politicians, University of Tennessee professors, and Tennessee Valley Authority employees. During the 1930s, three consecutive mayors of Knoxville lived in Lindbergh Forest— John T. O'Connor, James Elmore,","psg_id":"14649653"},{"title":"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh","text":"project completed by Orson Welles in his lifetime. After Welles's death in 1985, all of his unfinished films were bequeathed to his long-term companion and mistress Oja Kodar, and she in turn donated many of them (including \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\") to the Munich Film Museum for preservation and restoration. In 2000 the Munich Film Museum released a digitally restored version of the complete three minutes of footage, which has subsequently been screened at numerous film festivals. Although the restored footage has never been released on video or DVD, a brief clip of the unrestored footage can be seen","psg_id":"16066723"},{"title":"Lindbergh High School (Washington)","text":"Lindbergh High School (Washington) Lindbergh High School is a (senior) high school located in the southeastern section of Renton, Washington, a suburb of Seattle, in the Renton School District. It is named after Charles A. Lindbergh, the famous aviator who was first to fly solo across the Atlantic in 1927. The school was founded in 1972. Freshmen, sophomores and juniors attended the first year, making the class of 1974 the first to graduate. Lindbergh's school motto is \"ad astra\", which is Latin for \"to the stars\". The crest features the Spirit of St. Louis (the plane that Charles Lindbergh flew),","psg_id":"7828252"},{"title":"Lindbergh Boom","text":"Lindbergh Boom The Lindbergh Boom (1927–1929) is a period of rapid interest in aviation following the awarding of the Orteig Prize to Charles Lindbergh for his 1927 non-stop solo transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis. The Lindbergh Boom occurred during the interwar period between World War I and World War II, where aviation development was fueled by commercial interests rather than wartime necessity. During this period, dozens of companies were formed to create airlines, and aircraft for a new age in aviation. Many of the fledgling companies funded by stock went under as quick as they started as","psg_id":"16558780"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"that it was almost always awarded for heroism in combat. It was presented to Lindbergh by President Coolidge at the White House on . Other noncombat awards of the Medal of Honor were made to naval aviators [[Richard E. Byrd]] and [[Floyd Bennett]], as well as arctic explorer [[Adolphus W. Greely]]. Lindbergh was honored as the first [[Time (magazine)|\"Time\"]] magazine [[Time Magazine Person of the Year|\"Man of the Year\"]] when he appeared on that magazine's cover at age 25 , 1928; he remains the youngest Man of the Year ever. The winner of the 1930 Best Woman Aviator of the","psg_id":"871658"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"the next hours, Lindbergh and the \"Spirit\" faced many challenges, which included skimming over [[Cumulonimbus cloud|storm clouds]] at and wave tops at as low as . The aircraft fought [[Icing conditions|icing]], flew blind through fog for several hours, and Lindbergh navigated only by [[Dead reckoning#Air navigation|dead reckoning]] (he was not proficient at navigating [[Celestial navigation|by the sun and stars]] and he rejected [[radio navigation]] gear as heavy and unreliable). He was fortunate that the winds over the Atlantic cancelled each other out, giving him zero wind drift – and thus accurate navigation during the long flight over featureless ocean. He","psg_id":"871651"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"flight. People were \"behaving as though Lindbergh had walked on water, not flown over it\". His mother's house in Detroit was surrounded by a crowd estimated at about 1,000. Countless newspapers, magazines, and radio shows wanted to interview him, and he was flooded with job offers from companies, think tanks, and universities. The French Foreign Office flew the American flag, the first time it had saluted someone who wasn't a head of state. Lindbergh also made a series of brief flights to Belgium and Great Britain in the \"Spirit\" before returning to the United States. [[Gaston Doumergue]], the [[President of","psg_id":"871654"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"in \"Reader's Digest\": Lindbergh's speeches and writings reflected his adoption of views on race and religion similar to that of the Nazis. Because of his trips to Nazi Germany that were combined with a belief in [[eugenics]], Lindbergh was suspected of being a Nazi sympathizer. Lindbergh's reaction to Kristallnacht was entrusted to his diary: \"I do not understand these riots on the part of the Germans,\" he wrote. \"It seems so contrary to their sense of order and intelligence. They have undoubtedly had a difficult '[[Jewish question|Jewish problem]]', but why is it necessary to handle it so unreasonably?\" Lindbergh had","psg_id":"871688"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"the name of a living person. A half-century later, a 13-Cent commemorative stamp (Scott #1710) depicting the \"Spirit\" flying low over the Atlantic Ocean was issued on , 1977, the 50th anniversary of the flight from [[Roosevelt Field]]. On , 1998, a 32¢ stamp with the legend \"Lindbergh Flies Atlantic\" (Scott #3184m) depicting Lindbergh and the \"\"Spirit\"\" was issued as part of the [[Celebrate the Century]] stamp sheet series. [[Category:1902 births]] [[Category:1974 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]] [[Category:20th-century American male writers]] [[Category:1927 in aviation]] [[Category:American anti-communists]] [[Category:American anti-war activists]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American inventors]] [[Category:American military personnel who served in the","psg_id":"871717"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"eventually leading to the construction of the first [[Cardiopulmonary bypass|heart-lung machine]]. At the request of the United States military, Lindbergh traveled to Germany several times between 1936 and 1938 to evaluate German aviation. [[Hanna Reitsch]] demonstrated the [[Focke-Wulf Fw 61]] helicopter to Lindbergh in 1937, and he was the first American to examine Germany's newest bomber, the [[Junkers Ju 88]], and Germany's front-line [[fighter aircraft]], the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]], which he was allowed to pilot. He said of the Bf 109 that he knew of \"no other pursuit plane which combines simplicity of construction with such excellent performance characteristics\". There","psg_id":"871678"},{"title":"Charles Lindbergh","text":"and was instrumental in establishing protections for the [[Tasaday people]], and various African tribes such as the [[Maasai people|Maasai]]. Alongside [[Laurance S. Rockefeller]], Lindbergh helped establish the [[Haleakalā National Park]] in Hawaii. Lindbergh's speeches and writings in later life emphasized technology and nature, and his lifelong belief that \"... all the achievements of mankind have value only to the extent that they preserve and improve the quality of life.\" [[File:Charles-lindberg-grave-overall.jpg|thumb|Lindbergh's grave in Hawaii]] Lindbergh spent his last years on the [[Hawaii]]an island of [[Maui]], where he died of [[lymphoma]] on , 1974, at age 72. He was buried on the","psg_id":"871708"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Europe]], but he did achieve the first solo [[transatlantic flight]] and the first non-stop flight between North America and the European mainland. Lindbergh was an officer in the [[United States Army Reserve|U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve]], and he received the United States' highest military decoration, the [[Medal of Honor]], for the feat. Lindbergh's achievement spurred interest in both commercial aviation and air mail, and he devoted much time and effort to promoting such activity. But his historic flight and celebrity status also led to tragedy. In March 1932, his infant son, Charles Jr., [[Lindbergh kidnapping|was kidnapped and murdered]] in what\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871628\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"(St. Louis, Missouri)|Forest Park]] in St. Louis, Missouri. [[File:Congressional Gold Medal presented to Col. Charles A. Lindbergh.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|The [[Congressional Gold Medal]] presented , 1930, to Lindbergh by President [[Herbert Hoover]] ]] [[File:Charles Lindberg, Medal of Honor.JPG|thumb|upright=0.75|Lindbergh's Medal of Honor]] Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve. Place and date: From New York City to Paris, France, , 1927. Entered service at: Little Falls, Minn. Born: , 1902, Detroit, Mich. G.O. No.: 5, W.D., 1928; Act of Congress , 1927. In addition to \\\"\\\"WE\\\"\\\" and \\\"The Spirit of St. Louis\\\", Lindbergh wrote prolifically over the years on other topics, including\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871710\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh is a short film made in 1984 by Orson Welles. The film was intended as a private video letter from Welles to his longtime friend and accountant Bill Cronshaw, who was ill. In the film, Welles sits behind a typewriter at his desk and speaks of the human spirit, quoting the journal of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Welles was in visibly poor health himself when the film was made, and he did not intend for it to be seen by the public. \\\"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\\\" was the last film\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16066722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"to Mexico, Lindbergh met Anne in Mexico City in December 1927. The couple was married on , 1929 in Englewood, New Jersey. They had six children: [[Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr.]] (1930–1932); [[Jon Morrow Lindbergh]] (b. 1932); Land Morrow Lindbergh (b. 1937), who studied anthropology at [[Stanford University]] and married Susan Miller in San Diego; [[Anne Lindbergh]] (1940–1993); Scott Lindbergh (b. 1942); and Reeve Lindbergh (b. 1945), a writer. Lindbergh taught Anne how to fly and she accompanied and assisted him in much of his exploring and charting of air routes. Lindbergh saw his children for only a few months a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles August Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1907 to 1917. He opposed American entry into World War I as well as the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Lindbergh is best known as the father of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born Carl Månsson, in Stockholm, Sweden, to Lovisa Carlén, the 19-year-old mistress of Ola Månsson, a peasant member of the Riksdag of the Estates and a bank manager. When accused of bribery and embezzlement, Ola Månsson changed his name to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5637111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles August Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"members of the Federal Reserve Board including Paul Warburg and William Proctor Gould Harding, charging that they were involved \\\"...in a conspiracy to violate the Constitution and laws of the United States...\\\" Charles August Lindbergh died in 1924 in Crookston, Minnesota of brain cancer. He has a memorial plaque in the columbarium at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis. According to his wishes, son Charles scattered his ashes over the place near Sauk River where the first Lindbergh home once stood. Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5637115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"at the end of Vassili Slovic's 1995 documentary \\\"Orson Welles: the One-Man Band.\\\" The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh is a short film made in 1984 by Orson Welles. The film was intended as a private video letter from Welles to his longtime friend and accountant Bill Cronshaw, who was ill. In the film, Welles sits behind a typewriter at his desk and speaks of the human spirit, quoting the journal of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Welles was in visibly poor health himself when the film was made, and he did not intend for it to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16066724\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a [[U.S. Air Mail]] pilot to instantaneous world fame by winning the [[Orteig Prize]]: making a nonstop flight from [[Roosevelt Field (airport)|Roosevelt Field]], [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]], to [[Paris]], France. Lindbergh covered the -hour, flight alone in a single-engine purpose-built [[Ryan Airline Company|Ryan]] [[monoplane]], the \\\"[[Spirit of St. Louis]]\\\". This was not the [[Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown|first flight between North America and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"a 500-guest banquet and dance held at Clarence MacKay's Long Island estate, [[Harbor Hill]]. The following night, Lindbergh was honored with a grand banquet at the Hotel Commodore given by the Mayor's Committee on Receptions of the City of New York and attended by some 3,700 people. He was officially awarded the check for the prize on . On July 18, 1927, Lindbergh was promoted to the rank of colonel in the Air Corps of the Officers Reserve Corps of the U.S. Army. On , 1927, a Special [[Act of Congress]] awarded Lindbergh the [[Medal of Honor]], despite the fact\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"for [[Montgomery, Alabama]], some 140 miles to the west, for his first solo cross-country flight. He went on to spend much of the rest of 1923 engaged in almost nonstop barnstorming under the name of \\\"Daredevil Lindbergh\\\". Unlike the previous year, this time Lindbergh flew in his \\\"own ship\\\" as pilot. A few weeks after leaving Americus, the young airman also achieved another key aviation milestone when he made his first flight at night near [[Lake Village, Arkansas]]. [[File:Charles Lindbergh 1925.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.75|2nd Lt. Charles A. Lindbergh, USASRC March 1925]] While Lindbergh was barnstorming in [[Lone Rock, Wisconsin]], on two occasions he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park\",\n \"text\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park Charles A. Lindbergh State Park is a 569-acre (2.3 km²) Minnesota state park on the outskirts of Little Falls. The park was once the farm of Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son Charles Lindbergh, the famous aviator. Their restored 1906 house and two other farm buildings are within the park boundaries. The house, a National Historic Landmark, and an adjacent museum are operated by the Minnesota Historical Society, known as the Charles Lindbergh House and Museum. Three buildings and three structures built by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s were named to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6733593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh and the Rise of the Third Reich|The American Axis]]\\\", [[Holocaust]] researcher and investigative journalist [[Max Wallace]] agreed with Franklin Roosevelt's assessment that Lindbergh was \\\"pro-Nazi\\\". However, he found that the Roosevelt Administration's accusations of dual loyalty or treason were unsubstantiated. Wallace considered Lindbergh to be a well-intentioned but bigoted and misguided Nazi sympathizer whose career as the leader of the isolationist movement had a destructive impact on Jewish people. Lindbergh's [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning biographer, [[A. Scott Berg]], contended that Lindbergh was not so much a supporter of the Nazi regime as someone so stubborn in his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871694\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jon Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Karen Pryor, daughter of author Philip Wylie; they divorced in 1997. Lindbergh is currently married to Maura Jansen. He had two daughters with Jansen. When his father was dying, Lindbergh took charge of transporting him from New York City to Hawaii to die, and helped build his father's grave. Lindbergh's eldest brother, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., the first of six children born to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in the infamous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \\\"the crime of the century\\\". Jon's other Lindbergh siblings are: Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16467309\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"grounds of the Palapala Ho'omau Church in [[Kipahulu]], [[Maui]]. His [[epitaph]], on a simple stone following the words \\\"Charles A. Lindbergh Born Michigan 1902 Died Maui 1974\\\", quotes [[Psalms]] 139:9: \\\"... If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea ... C.A.L.\\\" [[File:Bourget-statue.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Statue in honor of [[François Coli|Coli]], [[Charles Nungesser|Nungesser]], and Lindbergh at [[Paris–Le Bourget Airport]]]] Lindbergh received many awards, medals and decorations, most of which were later donated to the Missouri Historical Society and are on display at the Jefferson Memorial, now part of the [[Missouri History Museum]] in [[Forest Park\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871709\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"is disagreement on how accurate Lindbergh's reports were, but Cole asserts that the consensus among British and American officials was that they were slightly exaggerated but badly needed. Lindbergh also undertook a survey of aviation in the [[Soviet Union]] in 1938. [[File:Hermann Goering gives Charles Lindbergh a Nazi medal.jpg|right|thumb|Göring presenting Lindbergh with a medal on behalf of [[Adolf Hitler]] in October 1938]] In 1938, [[Hugh R. Wilson|Hugh Wilson]], the American ambassador to Germany, hosted a dinner for Lindbergh with Germany's air chief, [[Hermann Göring]] and three central figures in German aviation, [[Ernst Heinkel]], Adolf Baeumker, and [[Willy Messerschmitt]]. At this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"be withdrawn from circulation and would therefore attract attention; the bills' serial numbers were also recorded. On , the child's remains were found in woods not far from the Lindbergh home. [[File:Charles Lindbergh testifying.jpg|thumb|right|Lindbergh testifying at the Hauptmann trial in 1935. Bruno Hauptmann can be seen on the right side of the photograph.]] In response to what was widely called \\\"The Crime of the Century\\\", Congress passed the so-called [[Federal Kidnapping Act|\\\"Lindbergh Law\\\"]], which made kidnapping a [[Federal crime|federal offense]] if the victim is taken across state lines or (as in the Lindbergh case) the kidnapper uses \\\"the mail or...\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles August Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"year. In 1887, Lindbergh married Mary LaFond, with whom he had two daughters, Lillian and Eva. Mary LaFond died in 1898. In 1901, Charles married Evangeline Lodge Land (1876–1954). In 1902, they settled in Little Falls, Minnesota. They separated in 1918, their only child being the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, who also became an antiwar leader. Lindbergh served as prosecuting attorney for Morrison County, Minnesota in 1891-1893. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1906 as a Republican, serving in the 60th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, and 64th congresses. In 1916 he unsuccessfully campaigned for a seat in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5637113\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anne Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"also divorced. She was married to Noel Perrin, American essayist and a professor at Dartmouth College, at the time of her death. They lived together in Thetford Center, Vermont. Anne Lindbergh wrote numerous books, most of them for children. Anne Lindbergh died of cancer in 1993 at her home in Thetford Center, Vermont, at the age of 53. Anne Lindbergh's eldest brother, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., the first of six children born to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in a famous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \\\"the crime of the century\\\". Anne's other Lindbergh siblings\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5855125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park\",\n \"text\": \"forest with oak and prairie openings. Damming has raised the water level of the Mississippi substantially from the days when Charles Lindbergh swam in it. The park has a campground with 38 sites, 15 of those with electrical hookups. There is also a group campsite that accommodates up to 30 people, one walk-in campsite, and a canoe-in site along the Mississippi River. Charles A. Lindbergh State Park Charles A. Lindbergh State Park is a 569-acre (2.3 km²) Minnesota state park on the outskirts of Little Falls. The park was once the farm of Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6733602\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Spengler was a conservative [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] and during the [[Interwar period|interwar era]], was widely read throughout the [[Western World]], though by this point he had fallen out of favor with the Nazis because he had not wholly subscribed to their theories of racial purity. Lindbergh developed a long-term friendship with the automobile pioneer [[Henry Ford]], who was well known for his anti-Semitic newspaper \\\"[[The Dearborn Independent]]\\\". In a famous comment about Lindbergh to [[Detroit]]'s former FBI field office special agent in charge in July 1940, Ford said: \\\"When Charles comes out here, we only talk about the Jews.\\\" Lindbergh considered Russia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871691\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"science, technology, nationalism, war, materialism, and values. Included among those writings were five other books: \\\"The Culture of Organs\\\" (with [[Alexis Carrel|Dr. Alexis Carrel]]) (1938), \\\"Of Flight and Life\\\" (1948), \\\"The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh\\\" (1970), \\\"Boyhood on the Upper Mississippi\\\" (1972), and his unfinished \\\"Autobiography of Values\\\" (posthumous, 1978). In addition to many biographies such as A. Scott Berg's massive \\\"\\\"Lindbergh\\\"\\\" published in 1999 and others, Lindbergh also influenced or was the model for characters in a variety of works of fiction. Shortly after he made his famous flight, the [[Stratemeyer Syndicate]] began publishing a series of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871711\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Minnesota]], and Washington, D.C. He was the third child of [[Charles August Lindbergh]] ([[Name at birth|birth name]] Carl Månsson; 1859–1924) who had emigrated from Sweden to [[Melrose, Minnesota]] as an infant, and his only child with his second wife, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954), of Detroit. Charles' parents separated in 1909 when he was seven. Lindbergh's father, a [[United States Congress|U.S. Congressman]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]-[[Minnesota|MN]]-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of the few Congressmen to oppose the entry of the U.S. into World War I (although his Congressional term ended one month prior to the House of Representatives\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"or Autobiography winners]] [[Category:Racism in the United States]] [[Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] [[Category:Sidwell Friends School alumni]] [[Category:Transatlantic flight]] [[Category:United States Air Force officers]] [[Category:United States airmail pilots]] [[Category:United States Army Air Forces officers]] [[Category:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients]] [[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni]] [[Category:Writers from Detroit]] [[Category:Antisemitism in the United States]] [[Category:Critics of Judaism]] [[Category:American male non-fiction writers]] Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles August Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"August Lindbergh, left his wife and seven children, and emigrated to the United States with his mistress and their illegitimate infant son, Carl, in 1859. Lovisa became Louisa and young Carl became Charles August Lindbergh. They settled in Melrose, Minnesota and had six more children together. August worked as a farmer and a blacksmith for 26 years before marrying Louisa in 1885, having become a widower in 1864 with the death of his first wife in Sweden. Charles August Lindbergh studied law at the University of Michigan Law School, graduating in 1883 and being admitted to the bar the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5637112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"In [[Denis MacEoin|Daniel Easterman]]'s [[K is for Killing]] (1997), a fictional Charles Lindbergh becomes President of a fascist United States. His vice-president, and power behind the throne, is the notorious rapist and Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan, [[D. C. Stephenson|David Stephenson]]. Eventually, Lindbergh is assassinated in the novel and it is implied that Stephenson, who has now risen to President of the United States, orchestrated Lindbergh's murder. The [[Philip Roth]] novel \\\"[[The Plot Against America]]\\\" (2004) explores an [[alternate history]] where [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] is defeated in the 1940 presidential election by Lindbergh, who allies the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871713\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park\",\n \"text\": \"died, and the farm was largely neglected. After Charles Lindbergh became famous in 1927, souvenir seekers frequently broke into the empty house and caused extensive damage. Encouraged by locals hoping to see the house protected, the Lindbergh family donated the farm to the state of Minnesota in 1931 as a park in memory of C.A. The family worked with the Minnesota Historical Society to restore the home, and donated many original furnishings. The Works Progress Administration developed the park for recreation. In 1969 the house and its grounds were transferred to the Minnesota Historical Society. In what was to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6733599\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh (book)\",\n \"text\": \"Lindbergh (book) Lindbergh is a 1998 Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Charles Lindbergh by A. Scott Berg. The book became a \\\"New York Times\\\" Best Seller and won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for biography. Once he had completed his second book, \\\"\\\" (about film producer Samuel Goldwyn, Jr.) in 1989, Berg began the search for his next subject. He wanted it to be \\\"another great American cultural figure but—because I had written about Perkins and Goldwyn—not somebody from the worlds of publishing or film\\\". After briefly considering Tennessee Williams, Berg chose the aviator Charles Lindbergh, attracted by what he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17554995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"wife, the former [[Anne Morrow]], were the parents of six children. He fathered seven more children as a result of several covert adulterous affairs with three [[German people|German women]] (two from [[Bavaria]], one from [[East Prussia]]) beginning in 1957 when he was 55 years old. In 2003, (twenty-nine years after Lindbergh's death and two years after his wife died) one of those children, Astrid Hesshaimer, revealed the story of Lindbergh's affairs to the world. [[File:Charles&Dad.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|Charles A. Lindbergh and his father, circa 1910]] Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit]], Michigan, on , 1902, and spent most of his childhood in [[Little Falls,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871631\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History\",\n \"text\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History The Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History, also known as the Lindbergh Chair, is a one-year senior fellowship hosted by the U.S. National Air and Space Museum (NASM), to assist a scholar in the research and composition of a book about aerospace history. Named for the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, the position is competitive: one experienced scholar is selected each year from multiple applicants worldwide. Up to $100,000 is granted to the winner. The Lindbergh Chair is one of four research fellowships administered by NASM within the Smithsonian Institution: the others are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15659941\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Professor (highest academic rank)\",\n \"text\": \"Professor (highest academic rank) Professor (informally also known as full professor) is the highest academic rank at universities and other institutions of higher education in parts of the world. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a \\\"person who professes\\\" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of the highest rank. In most Commonwealth nations (such as the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, English-speaking Caribbean) and northern Europe, \\\"professor\\\" is the title of the most senior academics at a university and not a generic label for all university academics. A professor is a highly accomplished and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11318818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"and his fellow CAM-2 pilots had used, so it could be said that each cover had been flown by him. The covers were then backstamped and returned to their senders as promotion of the Air Mail Service. In 1929–1931, Lindbergh carried much smaller numbers of souvenir covers on the first flights over routes in [[Latin America]] and the [[Caribbean]], which he had earlier laid out as a consultant to [[Pan American World Airways|Pan American Airways]] to be then flown under contract to the Post Office as Foreign Air Mail (FAM) routes 5 and 6. [[File:CharlesLindbergh22.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.75|Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871666\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case\",\n \"text\": \"The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case is a 1976 American television film dramatisation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. It was directed by Buzz Kulik and stars Cliff DeYoung, Anthony Hopkins, Martin Balsam, Joseph Cotten, and Walter Pidgeon. The film opens with archive footage of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis and the song “Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)”. Hopewell, New Jersey, March 1, 1932. After preparing a bath, Anne Morrow Lindbergh (Sian Barbara Allen) is alerted by her nurse, Betty Gow, that her baby is not in its crib. They check with Charles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18907470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh (book)\",\n \"text\": \"described as \\\"the dramatic possibilities of the story of the great hero who became a great victim and a great villain\\\". \\\"Charles Lindbergh is a window onto the whole world -- a great lens for observing the American century,\\\" Berg elaborated. When asked about previous biographies of Lindbergh, Berg noted \\\"The problem is most of what has been written about him is wrong or misleading.\\\" Berg had been interested earlier by the idea of writing a book on the life of Lindbergh but \\\"had scratched Lindbergh off my list\\\" when he heard that Lindbergh's papers were locked up and inaccessible.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17554996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jon Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and writer Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Jon Lindbergh Jon Morrow Lindbergh (born August 16, 1932) is a former underwater diver from the United States. He has worked as a United States Navy demolition expert and as a commercial diver, and was one of the world's earliest aquanauts in the 1960s. He was also a pioneer in cave diving. He is the oldest surviving child of aviator Charles Lindbergh and writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born on August 16, 1932, five months after the kidnapping and death of his older brother, Charles Lindbergh Jr. Jon's parents had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16467310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reeve Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"serving as the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico. In 1932, the Lindbergh’s firstborn, Charles Lindbergh Jr., was kidnapped from their home in Hopewell, New Jersey — and killed — 13 years before Reeve was born. Reeve's parents never discussed the kidnapping with their children. As she relates, “ As the youngest, it’s been easiest for me. My brothers and older sister grew up under the shadow of the kidnapping and the war years.” In \\\"The Names of the Mountains\\\" Lindbergh reveals what life as a Lindbergh was like after the death of her father through a fictional family. \\\"Under a Wing:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20674457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"interventionist policies, telling Treasury Secretary [[Henry Morgenthau Jr.|Henry Morgenthau]], \\\"If I should die tomorrow, I want you to know this, I am absolutely convinced Lindbergh is a Nazi.\\\" In 1941 he wrote to Secretary of War [[Henry Stimson]]: \\\"When I read Lindbergh's speech I felt that it could not have been better put if it had been written by [[Joseph Goebbels|Goebbels]] himself. What a pity that this youngster has completely abandoned his belief in our form of government and has accepted Nazi methods because apparently they are efficient.\\\" Lindbergh elucidated his beliefs regarding [[White people|white race]] in a 1939 article\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871687\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jon Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Jon Lindbergh Jon Morrow Lindbergh (born August 16, 1932) is a former underwater diver from the United States. He has worked as a United States Navy demolition expert and as a commercial diver, and was one of the world's earliest aquanauts in the 1960s. He was also a pioneer in cave diving. He is the oldest surviving child of aviator Charles Lindbergh and writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born on August 16, 1932, five months after the kidnapping and death of his older brother, Charles Lindbergh Jr. Jon's parents had discovered the name \\\"Jon\\\" in a book about Scandinavian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16467303\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"August Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"their younger children, who did not live long. August Lindbergh August Lindbergh (12 May 1808 – 14 October 1893) was a Swedish American farmer and politician. He was the father of the U.S. politician Charles August Lindbergh, and the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh. August Lindbergh was born Ola Månsson in Smedstorp, Tomelilla Municipality in Skåne, Sweden. His father, Måns Jönsson (at that time, Swedish peasants used patronymics as family names), married to Sara Carlsdotter, owned a small farm and worked as a parish tailor in Smedstorp. Through his marriage to Ingar Jönsdotter, who brought in a substantial dowry, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10962940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"August Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"August Lindbergh August Lindbergh (12 May 1808 – 14 October 1893) was a Swedish American farmer and politician. He was the father of the U.S. politician Charles August Lindbergh, and the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh. August Lindbergh was born Ola Månsson in Smedstorp, Tomelilla Municipality in Skåne, Sweden. His father, Måns Jönsson (at that time, Swedish peasants used patronymics as family names), married to Sara Carlsdotter, owned a small farm and worked as a parish tailor in Smedstorp. Through his marriage to Ingar Jönsdotter, who brought in a substantial dowry, and his own hard work, Månsson became a well-to-do\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10962935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anne Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"are aquanaut Jon Lindbergh (1932-), Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Anne Lindbergh was the recipient of numerous honors for her work, including an award from the International Reading Association. This list includes all known titles at WorldCat. Anne Lindbergh Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940 – December 10, 1993) was an American writer, primarily of children's novels. She was the daughter of aviators/authors Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Anne Lindbergh was raised in Darien, Connecticut. After studying at Radcliffe College for three years, she moved to Paris to continue her education, studying at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5855126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Erik Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"control for larger aircraft than multicopter drones' fixed-pitch propellers, avoiding control lag. Son of Jon Lindbergh and Barbara Robbins, Erik Lindbergh is the grandson, by his father, of the pioneering aviators Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. His father's Lindbergh siblings are Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993), conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and writer Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Lindbergh has written the foreword to several books, a monthly column in AOPA Pilot magazine and numerous freelance and op-ed articles. In May 2008 Lindbergh was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws degree from Molloy College in NY for outstanding\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3836464\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"death) did not know the true identity of their father, whom they had only known by the alias Careu Kent and they had only seen him when he briefly visited them once or twice per year. However, after reading a magazine article about Lindbergh in the mid-1980s, Brigitte's daughter Astrid deduced the truth; she later discovered snapshots and more than 150 love letters from Lindbergh to Brigitte. After Brigitte and Anne Lindbergh had both died, she made her findings public; in 2003 DNA tests confirmed that Lindbergh had fathered Astrid and her two siblings. Reeve Lindbergh, Lindbergh's youngest child with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"pilots. First produced in 1931, it is still produced today. In 1929, Lindbergh became interested in the work of rocket pioneer [[Robert H. Goddard]]. By helping Goddard secure an [[Financial endowment|endowment]] from [[Daniel Guggenheim]] in 1930, Lindbergh allowed Goddard to expand his research and development. Throughout his life, Lindbergh remained a key advocate of Goddard's work. In 1930, Lindbergh's sister-in-law developed a fatal heart condition. Lindbergh began to wonder why hearts could not be repaired with surgery. Starting in early 1931 at the Rockefeller Institute and continuing during his time living in France, Lindbergh studied the [[perfusion]] of organs outside\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"bomber escort mission with the [[433d Weapons Squadron|433rd Fighter Squadron]] in the [[Seram Island|Ceram]] area, Lindbergh shot down a [[Mitsubishi Ki-51]] \\\"Sonia\\\" observation plane, piloted by Captain Saburo Shimada, commanding officer of the 73rd Independent Chutai. After the war, Lindbergh was touring the Nazi [[concentration camp]]s when he wrote in his autobiography that he was disgusted and angered. After World War II, Lindbergh lived in [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]], [[Connecticut]] and served as a consultant to the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]] and to [[Pan American World Airways]]. With most of eastern Europe under Communist control, Lindbergh believed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh kidnapping\",\n \"text\": \"Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his home Highfields in East Amwell, New Jersey, United States. On May 12, his body was discovered nearby. In September 1934 Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested for the crime. After a trial that lasted from January 2 to February 13, 1935, he was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. Despite his conviction, he continued to profess his innocence, but all appeals failed and he was executed in the electric chair at the New Jersey\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2124503\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"[[Spirit of St. Louis]]\\\", the fabric-covered, single-seat, single-engine \\\"Ryan NYP\\\" high-wing monoplane ([[Civil Aeronautics Authority|CAB]] registration: N-X-211) was designed jointly by Lindbergh and Ryan's chief engineer [[Donald A. Hall]]. The \\\"Spirit\\\" flew for the first time just two months later, and after a series of test flights Lindbergh took off from San Diego on . He went first to St. Louis, then on to Roosevelt Field on New York's Long Island. [[File:Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Lindbergh with the \\\"Spirit of St. Louis\\\" before his Paris flight]] In the early morning of Friday,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh kidnapping\",\n \"text\": \"baby to be raised in Germany. Robert Zorn's 2012 book \\\"Cemetery John\\\" proposes that Hauptmann was part of a conspiracy with two other German-born men, John and Walter Knoll. Zorn's father, economist Eugene Zorn, believed that as a teenager he had witnessed the conspiracy being discussed. Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his home Highfields in East Amwell, New Jersey, United States. On May 12, his body was discovered nearby. In September 1934 Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested for the crime. After a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2124542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History\",\n \"text\": \"series. The winner is expected to reside in the Washington, DC, area for nine months to a year, the academic year generally starting in September and ending by the following August. He or she is also expected to take part in discussions with museum staff and to attend professional seminars and colloquia. Along with access to primary research materials, the winner is given the use of an office, a phone and a computer. Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History The Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History, also known as the Lindbergh Chair, is a one-year senior fellowship hosted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15659943\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case\",\n \"text\": \"was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Made for TV. Anthony Hopkins won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case is a 1976 American television film dramatisation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. It was directed by Buzz Kulik and stars Cliff DeYoung, Anthony Hopkins, Martin Balsam, Joseph Cotten, and Walter Pidgeon. The film opens with archive footage of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis and the song “Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)”. Hopewell, New Jersey, March 1,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18907478\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anne Morrow Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"at the Lindbergh home police began the first search into the disappearance of young Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., there police witnessed two clear sets of footprints outside of the Lindbergh home. One set specifically lead southeast towards a ladder that was believed to be used in the abduction. Upon the discovery of intruders, police returned inside the home to begin there initial search of the nursery. Before calling the police Charles Lindbergh uncovered a plain white envelope located on the windowsill. Believing it was a ransom note, Charles left it for police inspection. Expert in crime-scene photography and fingerprints, Corporal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1483720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Erik Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Erik Lindbergh Erik Charles Lindbergh (born 1965) is an aviator, adventurer, and an artist. He is the grandson of pioneering aviator Charles Lindbergh, the first person to fly non-stop between New York and Paris in 1927. In 2002 Erik Lindbergh honored the 75th anniversary of his grandfather's historic flight by retracing the journey in his own single-engine aircraft. The journey was documented by the History Channel, raised over one million dollars for three charities, garnered half a billion media impressions for the X PRIZE Foundation and prompted a call from United States President George W. Bush for inspiring the country\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3836458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Erik Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"service to humanity. Erik Lindbergh Erik Charles Lindbergh (born 1965) is an aviator, adventurer, and an artist. He is the grandson of pioneering aviator Charles Lindbergh, the first person to fly non-stop between New York and Paris in 1927. In 2002 Erik Lindbergh honored the 75th anniversary of his grandfather's historic flight by retracing the journey in his own single-engine aircraft. The journey was documented by the History Channel, raised over one million dollars for three charities, garnered half a billion media impressions for the X PRIZE Foundation and prompted a call from United States President George W. Bush for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3836465\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"his autobiography, Lindbergh derided pilots he met as womanizing \\\"barnstormers\\\"; he also criticized Army cadets for their \\\"facile\\\" approach to relationships. He wrote that the ideal romance was stable and long-term, with a woman with keen intellect, good health, and strong genes, his \\\"experience in breeding animals on our farm [having taught him] the importance of good heredity\\\". [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] (1906–2001) was the daughter of [[Dwight Morrow]] who, as partner at [[J.P. Morgan & Co.]], had acted as financial adviser to Lindbergh. He was also the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico in 1927. Invited by Morrow on a goodwill tour\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871667\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"killed Lindbergh\\\". [[File:433dfws.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.7|433rd Fighter Squadron \\\"Satan's Angels\\\"]] In his six months in the Pacific in 1944, Lindbergh took part in fighter bomber raids on Japanese positions, flying 50 combat missions (again as a civilian). His innovations in the use of [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning]] fighters impressed a supportive Gen. [[Douglas MacArthur]]. Lindbergh introduced [[Air–fuel ratio|engine-leaning techniques]] to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling the long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer range missions. The U.S. Marine and Army Air Force pilots who served with Lindbergh praised his courage and defended his patriotism. On , 1944, during a P-38\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"banquet.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Program for the New York \\\"WE\\\" Banquet (, 1927)]] Lindbergh flew from Washington, D.C. to New York City on , arriving in lower Manhattan. He traveled up the [[Broadway (Manhattan)#Canyon of Heroes|Canyon of Heroes]] to City Hall, where he was received by Mayor [[Jimmy Walker]]. A [[ticker-tape parade]] followed to Central Park Mall, where he was honored at another ceremony hosted by New York Governor [[Al Smith]] and attended by a crowd of 200,000. Some 4,000,000 persons saw Lindbergh that day. That evening, Lindbergh was accompanied by his mother and Mayor Walker when he was the guest of honor at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reeve Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"foundation. Lindbergh serves on the Vermont Arts Council. Reeve Lindbergh Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (born October 2, 1945) is an American author from Caledonia County, Vermont who grew up in Darien, Connecticut as the daughter of aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974) and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906-2001). She was graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968. Her second husband, writer Nathaniel Wardwell Tripp (1944-) wrote the Vietnam memoir, \\\"Father, Soldier, Son\\\" (1997) which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. Lindbergh writes of her experiences growing up in the household of her famous father — with echoes of his famous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20674470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"year. He kept track of each child's infractions (including such things as gum-chewing) and insisted that Anne track every penny of household expenses in account books. [[File:Lindbergh baby poster.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65]] On the evening of , 1932, twenty-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. was abducted from his crib in the Lindbergh's rural home, [[Highfields (Amwell and Hopewell, New Jersey)|Highfields]], in [[East Amwell Township, New Jersey|East Amwell, New Jersey]], near the town of [[Hopewell, New Jersey|Hopewell]]. A man who claimed to be the kidnapper, picked up a cash ransom of $50,000 on , part of which was in [[gold certificate]]s, which were soon to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871669\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"dragged Lindbergh out of the cockpit, and literally carried him around above their heads for \\\"nearly half an hour\\\". Some damage was done to the \\\"Spirit\\\" (especially to the fine linen, silver-painted fabric covering on the [[fuselage]]) by souvenir hunters before pilot and plane reached the safety of a nearby hangar with the aid of French military fliers, soldiers, and police. Lindbergh's flight was certified by the National Aeronautic Association based on the readings from a sealed [[barograph]] placed in the \\\"Spirit\\\". [[File:CharlesLindbergh-RaymondOrteig.jpg|left|upright=0.75|thumb|Lindbergh accepting the prize from Orteig in New York, , 1927]] Lindbergh received unprecedented adulation after his historic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Year Award, [[Elinor Smith|Elinor Smith Sullivan]], said that before Lindbergh's flight, [[File:Lindbergh Airmail Stamp c10.jpg|thumb|right|\\\"Lindbergh [[Airmails of the United States|Air Mail]]\\\" 10¢ issue (C-10) , 1927]] Barely two months after Lindbergh arrived in Paris, G. P. Putnam's Sons published his 318-page autobiography \\\"\\\"WE\\\"\\\", which was the first of 15 books he eventually wrote or to which he made significant contributions. The company was run by aviation enthusiast [[George P. Putnam]]. The dustjacket notes said that Lindbergh wanted to share the \\\"story of his life and his transatlantic flight together with his views on the future of aviation\\\", and that \\\"\\\"WE\\\"\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"to buy a World War I surplus [[Curtiss JN-4|Curtiss JN-4 \\\"Jenny\\\"]] biplane. Though Lindbergh had not touched an airplane in more than six months, he had already secretly decided he was ready to take to the air by himself. After a half-hour of dual time with a pilot who was visiting the field to pick up another surplus JN-4, Lindbergh flew solo for the first time in the Jenny he had just purchased for $500. After spending another week or so at the field to \\\"practice\\\" (thereby acquiring five hours of \\\"pilot in command\\\" time), Lindbergh took off from Americus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871637\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles A. Lindbergh State Park\",\n \"text\": \"National Register of Historic Places. These buildings include a picnic shelter and a water tower, built in the Rustic Style from local stone and logs, and have remained relatively unchanged since construction. Although the property includes shoreline on the Mississippi River, the Lindbergh family requested that the park not include intensive use areas for swimming or camping, so development was kept to a minimum. Charles August Lindbergh, known as C.A., was a prominent lawyer and real estate trader in Little Falls. In March 1901 he married Evangeline Lodge Land, the college-educated descendant of two notable Detroit medical families, who had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6733594\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"books for juvenile readers called the \\\"[[Ted Scott Flying Stories]]\\\" (1927–1943), which were written by a number of authors all using the \\\"[[pen name|nom de plume]]\\\" of [[Franklin W. Dixon]], in which the pilot hero was closely modeled after Lindbergh. Ted Scott duplicated the solo flight to Paris in the series' first volume, entitled \\\"Over the Ocean to Paris\\\" published in 1927. Another fictional literary reference to Lindbergh appears in the [[Agatha Christie]] book (1934) and movie \\\"[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]\\\" (1974) which begins with a fictionalized depiction of the [[Lindbergh baby kidnapping]].\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"the [[Vought F4U Corsair]] fighter-bomber's rated capacity. At the time, several Marine squadrons were flying bomber escorts to destroy the Japanese stronghold of [[Rabaul]], [[New Britain]], in the Australian [[Territory of New Guinea]]. On , 1944, Lindbergh flew his first combat mission: a strafing run with [[VMF-222]] near the Japanese garrison of Rabaul. He also flew with [[VMF-216]], from the Marine Air Base at [[Torokina]], [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]]. Lindbergh was escorted on one of these missions by Lt. Robert E. (Lefty) McDonough, who refused to fly with Lindbergh again, as he did not want to be known as \\\"the guy who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"his loyalty. At an America First rally in September, Lindbergh accused three groups of \\\"pressing this country toward war[:] the British, the Jewish, and the Roosevelt Administration\\\": He went on to warn of \\\"large [Jewish] ownership and influence in our motion pictures, our press, our radio, and our government\\\", though he condemned Germany's [[antisemitism]]: \\\"No person with a sense of the dignity of mankind can condone the persecution of the Jewish race in Germany.\\\" He continued, Responding to criticism of his speech, Lindbergh denied he was anti-Semitic but did not back away from his positions. Anne Lindbergh felt that the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"months, applications for pilots' licenses tripled, and the number of planes quadrupled. President [[Herbert Hoover]] appointed Lindbergh to the [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]]. Lindbergh and [[Pan American World Airways]] head [[Juan Trippe]] were interested in developing a [[great circle]] air route across Alaska and Siberia to China and Japan. In the summer of 1931, with Trippe's support, Lindbergh and his wife flew from Long Island to [[Nome, Alaska]] and from there to Siberia, Japan and China. The route was not available for commercial service until after World WarII, as prewar aircraft lacked the range to fly Alaska to Japan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871663\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"After quitting college in February 1922, Lindbergh enrolled at the Nebraska Aircraft Corporation's flying school in Lincoln and flew for the first time on , as a passenger in a two-seat [[Standard J|Lincoln Standard \\\"Tourabout\\\"]] biplane trainer piloted by [[Otto Timm]]. A few days later, Lindbergh took his first formal flying lesson in that same machine, though he was never permitted to solo because he could not afford to post the requisite damage bond. To gain flight experience and earn money for further instruction, Lindbergh left Lincoln in June to spend the next few months [[barnstorming]] across Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"on , 1936. [[File:Charles Lindbergh Arrives in England, January 1936.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Newsreel still of Lindbergh family arrival in England, , 1935]] An intensely private man, Lindbergh became exasperated by the unrelenting public attention in the wake of the kidnapping and Hauptmann trial, and was concerned for the safety of his three-year-old second son Jon. Consequently, in the predawn hours of Sunday, , 1935, the family \\\"sailed furtively\\\" from Manhattan for Liverpool, the only three passengers aboard the [[United States Lines]] freighter SS \\\"American Importer\\\". They traveled under assumed names and with diplomatic passports issued through the personal intervention of Treasury Secretary [[Ogden\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"wrote a musical called \\\"Der Lindberghflug\\\" (The Lindbergh Flight) with music by [[Kurt Weill]] and [[Paul Hindemith]]. Because of Lindbergh's apparent Nazi sympathies, in 1950 Brecht removed all direct references to Lindbergh and renamed the piece \\\"[[The Flight across the Ocean|Der Ozeanflug]]\\\" (The Ocean Flight). In 2016, as part of his series of scores based around historical events, Adam Young released a score based around The Spirit of St. Louis's flight. During World War II, Lindbergh was a frequent target of [[Dr Seuss]]'s first political cartoons, published in the New York magazine [[PM (newspaper)|PM]], in which Geisel emphasised Lindbergh's anti-semitism\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871715\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh Boulevard\",\n \"text\": \"367. Lindbergh Boulevard Lindbergh Boulevard, named after the aviator, Charles Lindbergh, is a section of U.S. Routes 61 and 67 that extends through Missouri. Lindbergh Boulevard is home to Missouri's only traffic tunnel underneath a runway at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport. Lindbergh Boulevard was initially a bypass of St. Louis, designated in about 1930 as Route 77 from Mehlville to the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The part north of Dunn Road, where Route 77 turned off to access the bridge, was initially Route M and later Route 140. Route 77 was later extended at the south end to the Jefferson\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8832238\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh Boulevard\",\n \"text\": \"Lindbergh Boulevard Lindbergh Boulevard, named after the aviator, Charles Lindbergh, is a section of U.S. Routes 61 and 67 that extends through Missouri. Lindbergh Boulevard is home to Missouri's only traffic tunnel underneath a runway at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport. Lindbergh Boulevard was initially a bypass of St. Louis, designated in about 1930 as Route 77 from Mehlville to the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The part north of Dunn Road, where Route 77 turned off to access the bridge, was initially Route M and later Route 140. Route 77 was later extended at the south end to the Jefferson Barracks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8832235\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Anne Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Anne Lindbergh Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940 – December 10, 1993) was an American writer, primarily of children's novels. She was the daughter of aviators/authors Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Anne Lindbergh was raised in Darien, Connecticut. After studying at Radcliffe College for three years, she moved to Paris to continue her education, studying at the Sorbonne. She met and married a fellow student there, Julien Feydy, who later became a political scientist and university professor. They later divorced. She later married Jerzy Sapieyevski, a composer and conductor she met in Europe and with whom she moved to Washington. They\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5855124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"duties included evaluating new aircraft types in development, recruitment procedures, and finding a site for a new air force research institute and other potential air bases. Assigned a [[Curtiss P-36 Hawk|Curtiss P-36]] fighter, he toured various facilities, reporting back to Wright Field. Lindbergh's brief four-month tour was also his first period of active military service since his graduation from the Army's Flight School fourteen years earlier in 1925. [[File:MIH-film101jpg.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Longines' Lindbergh watch]] [[File:Lindbergh perfusion pump in Putnam Gallery, 2009-11-24.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|A Lindbergh [[perfusion]] pump, \\\"circa\\\" 1935]] Lindbergh wrote to the [[Longines]] watch company and described a watch that would make navigation easier for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reeve Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"his fellow pilot, Charles Lindbergh, to urge Americans to enter the war against Nazi Germany. Unsuccessful in his primary objective, de Saint-Exupery became captivated by \\\"Charles’s golden-haired boy,\\\" Land Lindbergh. As a 76-year-old Montana rancher in 2014, the possible basis for this classic story could not be reached for comment. Lindbergh won the Redbook magazine award in 1987 for ‘’The Midnight Farm’’ and in 1990 for ‘’Benjamin's Barn’’. She serves as member of board (1977-) and honorary chairman (2004-) of the Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation. She previously served as vice president (1986–95) and president (1995-2004) of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20674469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh kidnapping\",\n \"text\": \"coerced. One theory is Lindbergh accidentally killed his son in a prank gone wrong. In \\\"Crime of the Century: The Lindbergh Kidnapping Hoax\\\", criminal defense attorney Gregory Ahlgren posits Lindbergh climbed a ladder and brought his son out a window, but dropped the child, killing him, so hid the body in the woods, then covered up the crime by blaming Hauptmann. Several people have suggested that Charles Lindbergh was responsible for the kidnapping. In 2010, Jim Bahm's \\\"Beneath the Winter Sycamores\\\" implied that the baby was physically disabled and Lindbergh arranged the kidnapping as a way of secretly moving the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2124541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reeve Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Reeve Lindbergh Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (born October 2, 1945) is an American author from Caledonia County, Vermont who grew up in Darien, Connecticut as the daughter of aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974) and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906-2001). She was graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968. Her second husband, writer Nathaniel Wardwell Tripp (1944-) wrote the Vietnam memoir, \\\"Father, Soldier, Son\\\" (1997) which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. Lindbergh writes of her experiences growing up in the household of her famous father — with echoes of his famous transatlantic flight and the kidnapping of her eldest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20674455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Pacific theatre of World War II]] [[Category:American nationalists]] [[Category:American Odd Fellows]] [[Category:American people of Swedish descent]] [[Category:American World War II pilots]] [[Category:Anti–World War II activists]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:Aviation history of the United States]] [[Category:Aviation pioneers]] [[Category:Aviators from Michigan]] [[Category:Aviators from Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Charles Lindbergh| ]] [[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in Hawaii]] [[Category:Deaths from lymphoma]] [[Category:Explorers of the United States]] [[Category:Freemen of the City of London]] [[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]] [[Category:Lindbergh family|Charles]] [[Category:Military personnel from Detroit]] [[Category:Non-combat recipients of the Medal of Honor]] [[Category:Non-interventionism]] [[Category:Old Right (United States)]] [[Category:People from Little Falls, Minnesota]] [[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Biography\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"$15,000 bank loan. Lindbergh contributed $2,000 ($27,280.45 in 2017) of his own money and another $1,000 was donated by RAC. The total of $18,000 was far less than what was available to Lindbergh's rivals. The group tried to buy an \\\"off-the-peg\\\" single or multiengine monoplane from [[Wright Aeronautical]], then [[Travel Air]], and finally the newly formed [[Columbia Aircraft Corporation]], but all insisted on selecting the pilot as a condition of sale. Finally the much smaller [[Ryan Aeronautical|Ryan Aircraft Company]] of San Diego agreed to design and build a custom monoplane for $10,580, and on a deal was formally closed. Dubbed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871648\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh Range\",\n \"text\": \"the average temperature reaches -5 °C and the coldest is February when the temperature sinks to -19 °C. Lindbergh Range The Lindbergh Range or Lindbergh Nunataks ( or \\\"Lindbergh Nunatakker\\\") is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. The range was observed and mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made in the course of the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Koch named it after pioneering aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902–1974), who reportedly had seen these tall nunataks previously during an eastward flight across the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19673011\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh Range\",\n \"text\": \"Lindbergh Range The Lindbergh Range or Lindbergh Nunataks ( or \\\"Lindbergh Nunatakker\\\") is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. The range was observed and mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made in the course of the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Koch named it after pioneering aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902–1974), who reportedly had seen these tall nunataks previously during an eastward flight across the Greenland Ice Sheet and had discussed the matter with him when they met in Ella Island. Although not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19673008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh (book)\",\n \"text\": \"the two women did not know each other. Not long after, Berg heard from Mrs. Lindbergh. Berg convinced Lindbergh's widow, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, who considered him \\\"trustworthy,\\\" to grant him unprecedented access to the man's archives, which he was surprised to find totaled \\\"1,300 boxes, or several million papers\\\". In addition to his research in the archives, Berg also spoke with Mrs. Lindbergh, their five children and Lindbergh family friends. \\\"You can't write about Charles without writing about me,\\\" the widow told Berg, allowing him access to her memoirs and diaries. Berg found Lindbergh's papers \\\"in a miraculous order.\\\" Lindbergh\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17554998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh kidnapping\",\n \"text\": \"State Prison on April 3, 1936. Newspaper writer H. L. Mencken called the kidnapping and trial \\\"the biggest story since the Resurrection.\\\" Legal scholars have referred to the trial as one of the \\\"trials of the century\\\". The crime spurred Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act, commonly called the \\\"Lindbergh Law\\\", which made transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime. At 7:30 p.m. on March 1, 1932, family nurse Betty Gow put 20 month-old Charles Lindbergh Jr. into his crib. Around 9:30 p.m. Charles Lindbergh was in the library just below the baby's room when he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2124504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"covering in just over 116 hours of flight time. A year and two days after it had made its first flight, Lindbergh flew the \\\"Spirit\\\" from St. Louis to Washington, D.C., where it has been on public display at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] ever since. Over the previous 367 days, Lindbergh and the \\\"Spirit\\\" had logged 489 hours 28 minutes of flight time together. [[File:Spirit of St. Louis Smithsonian.JPG|thumb|right|The \\\"Spirit of St. Louis\\\" on display at the National Air and Space Museum]] A \\\"Lindbergh boom\\\" in aviation had begun. The volume of mail moving by air increased 50 percent within six\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"with [[Nazi Germany]]. Within days of the flight, dozens of [[Tin Pan Alley]] publishers rushed a variety of popular songs into print celebrating Lindbergh and the \\\"Spirit of St. Louis\\\" including \\\"[[Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)]]\\\" by Howard Johnson and [[Al Sherman]], and \\\"Lucky Lindy\\\" by [[L. Wolfe Gilbert]] and Abel Baer. In the two-year period following Lindbergh's flight, the U.S. Copyright Office recorded three hundred applications for Lindbergh songs. [[Tony Randall]] revived \\\"Lucky Lindy\\\" in an album of [[Jazz Age]] and [[Great Depression|Depression]]-era songs that he recorded entitled \\\"Vo Vo De Oh Doe\\\" (1967). In 1929, [[Bertolt Brecht]]\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871714\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"in Klink's Curtiss JN-4C \\\"Canuck\\\" (the Canadian version of the Jenny). Lindbergh also \\\"cracked up\\\" this aircraft once when his engine failed shortly after take-off in [[Pensacola, Florida]], but again he managed to repair the damage himself. Following a few months of barnstorming through the South, the two pilots parted company in [[San Antonio]], Texas, where Lindbergh reported to [[Brooks City-Base|Brooks Field]] on , 1924, to begin a year of military flight training with the [[United States Army Air Service]] there (and later at nearby [[Kelly Field Annex|Kelly Field]]). Lindbergh had his most serious flying accident on , 1925, eight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871640\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Wyoming, and Montana as a [[wing walking|wing walker]] and [[Parachuting|parachutist]]. He also briefly worked as an airplane mechanic at the [[Billings, Montana]], municipal airport. [[File:\\\"Daredevil Lindbergh\\\".jpg|thumb|right|\\\"Daredevil Lindbergh\\\" in a re-engined Standard J-1, the plane in this photo often misidentified as a Curtiss \\\"Jenny\\\", probably 1925]] Lindbergh left flying with the onset of winter and returned to his father's home in Minnesota. His return to the air and first solo flight did not come until half a year later in May 1923 at [[Jimmy Carter Regional Airport|Souther Field]] in [[Americus, Georgia]], a former Army flight training field, where he had come\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reeve Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"A Memoir\\\" recounts Lindbergh's life as a child growing up in Darien, Connecticut with her “loving but stern father”. Charles did not allow his children to drink soda or eat candy, and he favored family discussion over watching television. He directed his family with a set of hard-and-fast rules. \\\"There were only two ways of doing things—Father's way and the wrong way,\\\" Lindbergh notes in her book. The build-up to World War II brought more controversy to the Lindbergh household. Charles Lindbergh was an outspoken isolationist and critic of U.S. military involvement against Nazi Germany. Putting her father's views in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20674458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"the attack on Pearl Harbor came as a shock to Lindbergh, he did predict that America's \\\"wavering policy in the [[Philippines]]\\\" would invite a bloody war there, and, in one speech, he warned, \\\"we should either fortify these islands adequately, or get out of them entirely.\\\" After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Lindbergh sought to be recommissioned in the USAAF. The Secretary of War, [[Henry L. Stimson]], declined the request on instructions from the White House. [[File:Vmf222a insig.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|VMF-222 \\\"Flying Deuces\\\"]] [[File:VMF-216 insignia.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|VMF-216 \\\"Bulldogs\\\"]] Unable to take on an active military role, Lindbergh approached a number of aviation companies and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reeve Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in a famous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \\\"the crime of the century\\\". Reeve's other Lindbergh siblings include aquanaut Jon Lindbergh (1932-), Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993), and conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), who raised rare monkeys in France. Reeve discovered later in life that her father had three other families in Germany and Switzerland. Reeve's brother Land Morrow Lindbergh has been considered a possible model for central character in French writer-aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupery's \\\"The Little Prince\\\". The author visited the Lindbergh home in 1939, hoping to convince\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20674468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh Forest\",\n \"text\": \"entry, \\\"Lindbergh Forest,\\\" was suggested by Emilee Cate. She submitted the name in honor of aviator Charles Lindbergh, who had completed his famous trans-Atlantic flight in 1927. Cate was the wife of Sheriff J. Carroll Cate, who as a deputy sheriff had unsuccessfully defended the Knox County Jail from a lynch mob during the Riot of 1919. The Cates lived on Chamberlain Boulevard. Early residents of Lindbergh Forest included local business owners, local politicians, University of Tennessee professors, and Tennessee Valley Authority employees. During the 1930s, three consecutive mayors of Knoxville lived in Lindbergh Forest— John T. O'Connor, James Elmore,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14649653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"project completed by Orson Welles in his lifetime. After Welles's death in 1985, all of his unfinished films were bequeathed to his long-term companion and mistress Oja Kodar, and she in turn donated many of them (including \\\"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\\\") to the Munich Film Museum for preservation and restoration. In 2000 the Munich Film Museum released a digitally restored version of the complete three minutes of footage, which has subsequently been screened at numerous film festivals. Although the restored footage has never been released on video or DVD, a brief clip of the unrestored footage can be seen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16066723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh High School (Washington)\",\n \"text\": \"Lindbergh High School (Washington) Lindbergh High School is a (senior) high school located in the southeastern section of Renton, Washington, a suburb of Seattle, in the Renton School District. It is named after Charles A. Lindbergh, the famous aviator who was first to fly solo across the Atlantic in 1927. The school was founded in 1972. Freshmen, sophomores and juniors attended the first year, making the class of 1974 the first to graduate. Lindbergh's school motto is \\\"ad astra\\\", which is Latin for \\\"to the stars\\\". The crest features the Spirit of St. Louis (the plane that Charles Lindbergh flew),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7828252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lindbergh Boom\",\n \"text\": \"Lindbergh Boom The Lindbergh Boom (1927–1929) is a period of rapid interest in aviation following the awarding of the Orteig Prize to Charles Lindbergh for his 1927 non-stop solo transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis. The Lindbergh Boom occurred during the interwar period between World War I and World War II, where aviation development was fueled by commercial interests rather than wartime necessity. During this period, dozens of companies were formed to create airlines, and aircraft for a new age in aviation. Many of the fledgling companies funded by stock went under as quick as they started as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16558780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"that it was almost always awarded for heroism in combat. It was presented to Lindbergh by President Coolidge at the White House on . Other noncombat awards of the Medal of Honor were made to naval aviators [[Richard E. Byrd]] and [[Floyd Bennett]], as well as arctic explorer [[Adolphus W. Greely]]. Lindbergh was honored as the first [[Time (magazine)|\\\"Time\\\"]] magazine [[Time Magazine Person of the Year|\\\"Man of the Year\\\"]] when he appeared on that magazine's cover at age 25 , 1928; he remains the youngest Man of the Year ever. The winner of the 1930 Best Woman Aviator of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"the next hours, Lindbergh and the \\\"Spirit\\\" faced many challenges, which included skimming over [[Cumulonimbus cloud|storm clouds]] at and wave tops at as low as . The aircraft fought [[Icing conditions|icing]], flew blind through fog for several hours, and Lindbergh navigated only by [[Dead reckoning#Air navigation|dead reckoning]] (he was not proficient at navigating [[Celestial navigation|by the sun and stars]] and he rejected [[radio navigation]] gear as heavy and unreliable). He was fortunate that the winds over the Atlantic cancelled each other out, giving him zero wind drift – and thus accurate navigation during the long flight over featureless ocean. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"flight. People were \\\"behaving as though Lindbergh had walked on water, not flown over it\\\". His mother's house in Detroit was surrounded by a crowd estimated at about 1,000. Countless newspapers, magazines, and radio shows wanted to interview him, and he was flooded with job offers from companies, think tanks, and universities. The French Foreign Office flew the American flag, the first time it had saluted someone who wasn't a head of state. Lindbergh also made a series of brief flights to Belgium and Great Britain in the \\\"Spirit\\\" before returning to the United States. [[Gaston Doumergue]], the [[President of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871654\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"in \\\"Reader's Digest\\\": Lindbergh's speeches and writings reflected his adoption of views on race and religion similar to that of the Nazis. Because of his trips to Nazi Germany that were combined with a belief in [[eugenics]], Lindbergh was suspected of being a Nazi sympathizer. Lindbergh's reaction to Kristallnacht was entrusted to his diary: \\\"I do not understand these riots on the part of the Germans,\\\" he wrote. \\\"It seems so contrary to their sense of order and intelligence. They have undoubtedly had a difficult '[[Jewish question|Jewish problem]]', but why is it necessary to handle it so unreasonably?\\\" Lindbergh had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871688\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"the name of a living person. A half-century later, a 13-Cent commemorative stamp (Scott #1710) depicting the \\\"Spirit\\\" flying low over the Atlantic Ocean was issued on , 1977, the 50th anniversary of the flight from [[Roosevelt Field]]. On , 1998, a 32¢ stamp with the legend \\\"Lindbergh Flies Atlantic\\\" (Scott #3184m) depicting Lindbergh and the \\\"\\\"Spirit\\\"\\\" was issued as part of the [[Celebrate the Century]] stamp sheet series. [[Category:1902 births]] [[Category:1974 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]] [[Category:20th-century American male writers]] [[Category:1927 in aviation]] [[Category:American anti-communists]] [[Category:American anti-war activists]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American inventors]] [[Category:American military personnel who served in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"eventually leading to the construction of the first [[Cardiopulmonary bypass|heart-lung machine]]. At the request of the United States military, Lindbergh traveled to Germany several times between 1936 and 1938 to evaluate German aviation. [[Hanna Reitsch]] demonstrated the [[Focke-Wulf Fw 61]] helicopter to Lindbergh in 1937, and he was the first American to examine Germany's newest bomber, the [[Junkers Ju 88]], and Germany's front-line [[fighter aircraft]], the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]], which he was allowed to pilot. He said of the Bf 109 that he knew of \\\"no other pursuit plane which combines simplicity of construction with such excellent performance characteristics\\\". There\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Lindbergh\",\n \"text\": \"and was instrumental in establishing protections for the [[Tasaday people]], and various African tribes such as the [[Maasai people|Maasai]]. Alongside [[Laurance S. Rockefeller]], Lindbergh helped establish the [[Haleakalā National Park]] in Hawaii. Lindbergh's speeches and writings in later life emphasized technology and nature, and his lifelong belief that \\\"... all the achievements of mankind have value only to the extent that they preserve and improve the quality of life.\\\" [[File:Charles-lindberg-grave-overall.jpg|thumb|Lindbergh's grave in Hawaii]] Lindbergh spent his last years on the [[Hawaii]]an island of [[Maui]], where he died of [[lymphoma]] on , 1974, at age 72. He was buried on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"871708\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["brigadier general (united kingdom)","brigadier generals","brigadier-general (canada)","brigadier general","brig gen","brig-gen","brig gen","général de brigade","brigadier general (turkey)","brig. gen.","brigadier general (united kingdom)","brig.gen","general de brigada","brig general","brigadier-general (france)","general de brigade","brigadier general (canada)","général de brigade","general-major","brigadier-general","general of brigade","general de brigade","brigadier general (australia)","brigadier general (canada)","junjang","brig. general","brigadier general (poland)","brigadier-general","general of brigade","brigadier general","brigadier general (france)","brigadier general (australia)","br. gen.","brigadier-general (british army)"],"string":"[\n \"brigadier general (united kingdom)\",\n \"brigadier generals\",\n \"brigadier-general (canada)\",\n \"brigadier general\",\n \"brig gen\",\n \"brig-gen\",\n \"brig gen\",\n \"général de brigade\",\n \"brigadier general (turkey)\",\n \"brig. gen.\",\n \"brigadier general (united kingdom)\",\n \"brig.gen\",\n \"general de brigada\",\n \"brig general\",\n \"brigadier-general (france)\",\n \"general de brigade\",\n \"brigadier general (canada)\",\n \"général de brigade\",\n \"general-major\",\n \"brigadier-general\",\n \"general of brigade\",\n \"general de brigade\",\n \"brigadier general (australia)\",\n \"brigadier general (canada)\",\n \"junjang\",\n \"brig. general\",\n \"brigadier general (poland)\",\n \"brigadier-general\",\n \"general of brigade\",\n \"brigadier general\",\n \"brigadier general (france)\",\n \"brigadier general (australia)\",\n \"br. gen.\",\n \"brigadier-general (british army)\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":588,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the second person to make a solo transatlantic flight?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"Air, Winston Churchill, presented Alcock and Brown with the \"Daily Mail\" prize for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in \"less than 72 consecutive hours\". There was a small amount of mail carried on the flight making it also the first transatlantic airmail flight. The two aviators were awarded the honour of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) a week later by King George V at the Windsor Castle. The first transatlantic flight by rigid airship, and the first \"return\" transatlantic flight, was made just a couple of weeks after the transatlantic flight","psg_id":"3163726"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"to the United States from the United Kingdom and Ireland in summer 2017 on behalf of its parent company using the parent's new Boeing 737 MAX aircraft expected to be delivered from May 2017. Norwegian Air performed its first transatlantic flight with a Boeing 737-800 on 16 June 2017 between Edinburgh Airport and Stewart Airport, New York. The first transatlantic flight with a 737 MAX was performed on 15 July 2017, with a MAX 8 named \"Sir Freddie Laker\", between Edinburgh Airport in Scotland and Hartford International Airport in the US state of Connecticut, followed by a second rotation from","psg_id":"3163758"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"Transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa or the Middle East to North America, Central America, or South America, or \"vice versa\". Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft. Early aircraft engines did not have the reliability needed for the crossing, nor the power to lift the required fuel. There are difficulties navigating over featureless expanses of water for thousands of miles, and the weather, especially in the North Atlantic Ocean, was unpredictable. Since the middle of the 20th century, however, transatlantic flight","psg_id":"3163718"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"to fly nonstop from New York to the European continental land mass. Over the next 33.5 hours, Lindbergh and the \"Spirit of St. Louis\" encountered many challenges before landing at Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France, at 10:22 p.m. on Saturday, 21 May 1927, completing the first solo crossing of the Atlantic. The first east-west non-stop transatlantic crossing by an aeroplane was made in 1928 by the \"Bremen\", a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, from Baldonnel Airfield in County Dublin, Ireland. On 18 August 1932 Jim Mollison made the first east-to-west solo trans-Atlantic flight; flying from Portmarnock in Ireland to","psg_id":"3163730"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"have forced the craft to North Africa or Norway. To descend, Trappe would have popped or released some of the balloons. The last time the Atlantic was crossed by helium balloon was in 1984 by Colonel Joe Kittinger. Transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa or the Middle East to North America, Central America, or South America, or \"vice versa\". Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft. Early aircraft engines did not have the reliability needed for the crossing, nor the power to","psg_id":"3163765"},{"title":"Transatlantic crossing","text":"he then made a return trip to England, thus also completing the first double crossing of the Atlantic (east–west–east). In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight in an airplane (between New York City and Paris). The second solo piloting, and the first to carry a passenger, was Clarence Duncan Chamberlin on June 6, 1927. Edward R. Armstrong proposed a string of anchored \"seadromes\" to refuel planes in a crossing. The first serious attempt to take a share of the transatlantic passenger market away from the ocean liners was undertaken by Germany. In the 1930s, Germany crossed","psg_id":"2070299"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"Thaddeus S. C. Lowe prepared a massive balloon of called the \"City of New York\" to take off from Philadelphia in 1860, but was interrupted by the onset of the American Civil War in 1861. (The first successful transatlantic flight in a balloon was the Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine, to Miserey, near Paris in 1978.) The possibility of transatlantic flight by aircraft emerged after the First World War, which had seen tremendous advances in aerial capabilities. In April 1913 the London newspaper \"The Daily Mail\" offered a prize of £10,000 (£ in ) to The competition was","psg_id":"3163720"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"on 21 July 1938 from Foynes to Boucherville. \"Mercury\", piloted by Captain Don Bennett, separated from her carrier at 8 pm to continue what was to become the first commercial non-stop East-to-West transatlantic flight by a heavier-than-air machine. This initial journey took 20 hrs 21 min at an average ground speed of 144 mph (232 km/h). Another technology developed for the purpose of transatlantic commercial flight, was aerial refuelling. Sir Alan Cobham developed the \"Grappled-line looped-hose\" system to stimulate the possibility for long-range transoceanic commercial aircraft flights, and publicly demonstrated it for the first time in 1935. In the system","psg_id":"3163740"},{"title":"Solo Flight (video game)","text":"Solo Flight (video game) Solo Flight is a flight simulator written by Sid Meier for the Atari 8-bit family and published by MicroProse in 1983. In the UK it was published by U.S. Gold.. It was ported to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and later the IBM PC. A version for Thomson computers was published in 1985 by FIL in France with the title Volo Solo. \"Solo Flight\" consists of two parts: a pure flying simulation and a game mode called Mail Pilot. The top half of the screen shows the plane being flown in third person, while the bottom","psg_id":"9503152"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"has been routine, for commercial, military, diplomatic, and other purposes. Experimental flights (in balloons, small aircraft, etc.) still present challenges for transatlantic fliers. The idea of transatlantic flight came about with the advent of the balloon. The balloons of the period were inflated with coal gas, a moderate lifting medium compared to hydrogen or helium, but with enough lift to use the winds that would later be known as the Jet Stream. In 1859, John Wise built an enormous aerostat named the \"Atlantic\", intending to cross the Atlantic. The flight lasted less than a day, crash-landing in Henderson, New York.","psg_id":"3163719"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"primarily for use along the empire routes in Africa and Asia, but began to explore the possibility of using it for transatlantic flights from 1937. The range of the Short Empire was less than that of the equivalent US Sikorsky \"Clipper\" flying boats and as such was initially unable to provide a true trans-Atlantic service. Two boats (\"Caledonia\" and \"Cambria\") were lightened and given long range tanks to increase the aircraft's range to 3,300 miles. Meanwhile, in the US, attention was initially focused on transatlantic flight for a faster postal service between Europe and America. In 1931 W. Irving Glover,","psg_id":"3163736"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown","text":"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight in June 1919. They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the \"Daily Mail\" prize for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by aeroplane in \"less than 72 consecutive hours\". A small amount of mail was carried on the flight, making it the first transatlantic airmail flight. The two aviators were awarded the honour of Knight Commander","psg_id":"2356617"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"Pennfield, New Brunswick, Canada in a de Havilland Puss Moth. The first transpolar transatlantic (and transcontinental) crossing was the non-stop flight piloted by Valery Chkalov, 63 hours, 8,811 kilometers, from St. Petersburg, Russia to Vancouver, Washington, 18–20 June 1937. On 11 October 1928, Hugo Eckener, commanding the \"Graf Zeppelin\" airship as part of DELAG's operations, began the first non-stop transatlantic passenger flights, leaving Friedrichshafen, Germany, at 07:54 on 11 October 1928, and arriving at NAS Lakehurst, New Jersey, on 15 October. Thereafter, DELAG used the \"Graf Zeppelin\" on regular scheduled passenger flights across the North Atlantic, from Frankfurt-am-Main to Lakehurst.","psg_id":"3163731"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"cost carriers are starting to compete on this market, most importantly Norwegian Air Shuttle, WestJet and WOW Air. A total of 431 non-stop routes between North America and Europe were scheduled for summer 2017, up 84 routes from 347 in 2012 – a 24% increase. In 2016 Dr. Paul Williams of the University of Reading published a scientific study showing that transatlantic flight times are expected to change as the North Atlantic jet stream responds to global warming, with eastbound flights speeding up and westbound flights slowing down. In February 2017, Norwegian Air International announced it would start transatlantic flights","psg_id":"3163757"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"to bring the smaller aircraft to operational height, at which time the two aircraft would separate, the carrier aircraft returning to base while the other flew on to its destination. The Short Mayo Composite project, co-designed by Mayo and Shorts chief designer Arthur Gouge, comprised the \"Short S.21 Maia\", (\"G-ADHK\") which was a variant of the Short \"C-Class\" Empire flying-boat fitted with a trestle or pylon on the top of the fuselage to support the \"Short S.20 Mercury\"(\"G-ADHJ\"). The first successful in-flight separation of the \"Composite\" was carried out on 6 February 1938, and the first transatlantic flight was made","psg_id":"3163739"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"brought them down in the ocean where they were rescued. Raynham and Morgan also made an attempt on 18 May but crashed on take off due to the high fuel load. The Handley Page team was in the final stages of testing its aircraft for the flight in June, but the Vickers group was ready earlier. During 14–15 June 1919, the British aviators Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight. During the War, Alcock resolved to fly the Atlantic, and after the war he approached the Vickers engineering and aviation firm at Weybridge, which had considered entering its","psg_id":"3163723"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown","text":"presented a handwritten note which was carried by Alcock on the flight. The note, which was valued at £1000–£1200, read as follows: Two weeks before Alcock and Brown's flight, the first transatlantic flight had been made by the NC-4, a United States Navy flying boat, commanded by Lt. Commander Albert Cushing Read, who flew from Naval Air Station Rockaway, New York to Plymouth with a crew of five, over 23 days, with six stops along the way. This flight was not eligible for the \"Daily Mail\" prize since it took more than 72 consecutive hours and also because more than","psg_id":"2356630"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"last eastward trip of the year left Lakehurst on 10 October; the first North Atlantic trip of 1937 ended in the Hindenburg disaster. The British rigid airship R100 also made a successful return trip from Cardington to Montreal in July–August 1930, in what was intended to be a proving flight for regularly scheduled passenger services. Following the R101 disaster in October 1930, the British rigid airship program was abandoned and the R100 scrapped, leaving DELAG as the sole remaining operator of transatlantic passenger airship flights. Although Alcock and Brown first flew across the Atlantic in 1919, it took two more","psg_id":"3163733"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown","text":"mural. A small amount of mail, 196 letters and a parcel, was carried on Alcock and Brown's flight, the first time mail was carried by air across the ocean. The government of the Dominion of Newfoundland overprinted stamps for this carriage with the inscription \"Transatlantic air post 1919\". Upon landing in Paris after his own record breaking flight in 1927, Charles Lindbergh told the crowd welcoming him that \"Alcock and Brown showed me the way!\" To mark the original transatlantic crossing, on the 1 June 1979 two Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR.2s – XV424 (of No. 56 Squadron)","psg_id":"2356635"},{"title":"Solo Flight (video game)","text":"best Atari flight simulator published to date.\" \"COMPUTE!\" reviewer Arthur Leyenberger praised both the simulation and game aspects of \"Solo Flight\". Solo Flight (video game) Solo Flight is a flight simulator written by Sid Meier for the Atari 8-bit family and published by MicroProse in 1983. In the UK it was published by U.S. Gold.. It was ported to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and later the IBM PC. A version for Thomson computers was published in 1985 by FIL in France with the title Volo Solo. \"Solo Flight\" consists of two parts: a pure flying simulation and a game","psg_id":"9503154"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"and Paris (by Air France) to New York and Washington, and back, with flight times of around three and a half hours one-way. Since the loosening of regulations in the 1970s and 1980s, many airlines now compete across the Atlantic. In 2015, 44 million seats were offered on the transatlantic routes, an increase of 6% over the previous year. Of the 67 European airports with links to North America, the busiest was London Heathrow Airport with 231,532 weekly seats, followed by Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport with 129,831, Frankfurt Airport with 115,420, and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with 79,611. Of the","psg_id":"3163755"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown","text":"that being taken care of by Handley-Page Victor K.2 tankers of No. 57 Squadron. XV424 today is preserved at the RAF Museum in Hendon, sporting colours of No. 56 (Fighter) Squadron, while XV486 was scrapped in 1993. Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight in June 1919. They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the \"Daily Mail\" prize for the first crossing of the","psg_id":"2356638"},{"title":"First solo flight","text":"his ear. A successful first solo flight is an indication that the student can fly without the instructor (\"instructor-less\" flight). Hence, there is no longer a need for the shirt tail, and it is cut off by the (often) proud instructor, and sometimes displayed as a trophy. First solo flight The first solo flight of a new pilot comprises that pilot completing a take off, and usually a short flight and safe landing, by him or herself. Flying such a flight is a milestone known as soloing. Being solo pilot of an aircraft is different from most other situations in","psg_id":"8232615"},{"title":"First solo flight","text":"First solo flight The first solo flight of a new pilot comprises that pilot completing a take off, and usually a short flight and safe landing, by him or herself. Flying such a flight is a milestone known as soloing. Being solo pilot of an aircraft is different from most other situations in that the pilot has not only to be able to fly and navigate the machine in a competent manner but he/she also has to be able to cope with unpredictable developments like mechanical failure, bad weather etc. on his/her own and without advice from other sources (most","psg_id":"8232610"},{"title":"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person","text":"sitting in their seats waiting for their flight to take off, the two women hold hands. I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \"Modra\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \"Modra\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker,","psg_id":"16430696"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"have their place in transatlantic navigation. Land-based systems such as VOR and DME, because they operate \"line of sight\", are mostly useless for ocean crossings, except in initial and final legs within about of those facilities. In the late 1950s and early 1960s an important facility for low-flying aircraft was the Radio Range. Inertial navigation systems became prominent in the 1970s. The twenty busiest commercial routes between North America and Europe (traffic traveling in both directions) in 2010 were: In September 2013, Jonathan Trappe lifted off from Caribou, Maine, United States in an attempt to make the first crossing of","psg_id":"3163763"},{"title":"Space Cadet Solo Flight","text":"Hangin' On\". Space Cadet Solo Flight Space Cadet Solo Flight is the seventh studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in 1981 on the TK label. \"Space Cadet Solo Flight\" was credited only to group lead vocalist KC. Featuring more of a pop sound than the previous albums, it was not successful as the album and none of the singles released charted in the US. The album is notable for including a cover of the Supremes' 1966 hit song \"You","psg_id":"7370587"},{"title":"Space Cadet Solo Flight","text":"Space Cadet Solo Flight Space Cadet Solo Flight is the seventh studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in 1981 on the TK label. \"Space Cadet Solo Flight\" was credited only to group lead vocalist KC. Featuring more of a pop sound than the previous albums, it was not successful as the album and none of the singles released charted in the US. The album is notable for including a cover of the Supremes' 1966 hit song \"You Keep Me","psg_id":"7370586"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"engines flying transatlantic (the most common models used for transatlantic service being the Airbus A330, Boeing 767 and Boeing 777) have to be ETOPS certified. Gaps in air traffic control and radar coverage over large stretches of the Earth's oceans, as well as an absence of most types of radio navigation aids, impose a requirement for a high level of autonomy in navigation upon transatlantic flights. Aircraft must include reliable systems that can determine the aircraft's course and position with great accuracy over long distances. In addition to the traditional compass, inertials and satellite navigation systems such as GPS all","psg_id":"3163762"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"the second assistant postmaster, wrote an article for \"Popular Mechanics\" on the challenges and the need for a regular service. In the 1930s, under the direction of Juan Trippe, Pan American World Airways began to get interested in the feasibility of a transatlantic passenger service using seaplanes. On 5 July 1937, A.S. Wilcockson flew a Short Empire for Imperial Airways from Foynes to Botwood, Newfoundland and Harold Gray piloted a Sikorsky S-42 for Pan American in the opposite direction. Both flights were a success and both airlines made a series of subsequent proving flights that same year to test out","psg_id":"3163737"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"Norwegian became the largest European airline for New York, carrying 1.67 million passengers over a year, beating British Airways’s 1.63 million, while the U.S. major carriers combined transported 26.1 million transatlantic passengers. Unlike over land, transatlantic flights use standardized aircraft routes called North Atlantic Tracks (NATs). These change daily in position (although altitudes are standardized) to compensate for weather—particularly the jet stream tailwinds and headwinds, which may be substantial at cruising altitudes and have a strong influence on trip duration and fuel economy. Eastbound flights generally operate during night-time hours, while westbound flights generally operate during daytime hours, for passenger","psg_id":"3163760"},{"title":"Second Person Singular (novel)","text":"Amir (under Yonathan's name) made there is a photograph of a naked woman who, he would swear, was Laila. \"Second Person Singular\" was well received, both in the Israeli and the International press. \"Second Person Singular\" has won the Bernstein Prize in 2011. It was shortlisted for the Sapir Prize in 2010. Second Person Singular (novel) Second Person Singular is a 2010 novel by the Arab Israeli writer Sayed Kashua. Kashua explores the identity of Arabs who are assimilated in Israeli culture; Arabs that speak Hebrew and had their education at Israeli institutes. \"Second Person Singular\" follows two Arab men,","psg_id":"17582443"},{"title":"Person to Person","text":"interviews with George Clooney, Jon Bon Jovi, and Warren Buffett. The premiere attracted 5.9 million viewers, less than a third of the viewers watching \"American Idol\" and fewer than the 8.44 million who watched \"The Middle\"; it outrated \"One Tree Hill\" and \"Whitney\", though the latter attracted a larger share of the 18–49 audience. Had the two specially-scheduled episodes been well-received, \"Person to Person\" could have become a regularly scheduled series. The second episode aired on November 23, 2012 (Black Friday), featuring Sean Penn, Alicia Keys and Drew Brees. Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program","psg_id":"6373138"},{"title":"Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian","text":"Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian is a 1972 double album collecting many of the few recordings that captured performances by Charlie Christian. Most of the selections are from sessions with Benny Goodman's bands. Until the advent of CD, it was considered to be the definitive \"Charlie Christian\" collection On some tunes, the producers spliced various takes together to include more of Christian's solos, or to create a better overall tune. Track 1 Side 1 recorded in New York, 2 October 1939. Tracks 2 & 3 Side 1 recorded in New York","psg_id":"12595613"},{"title":"Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian","text":"partial takes, and sometimes warm-ups, onto acetate discs. These two performances were culled from one such disc. Personnel (\"Charlie Christian Jammers\"): Track 7, Side 4 recorded in New York, 13 Mar 1941. Personnel (Benny Goodman and His Sextet featuring Count Basie): Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian is a 1972 double album collecting many of the few recordings that captured performances by Charlie Christian. Most of the selections are from sessions with Benny Goodman's bands. Until the advent of CD, it was considered to be the definitive \"Charlie Christian\" collection On some","psg_id":"12595617"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"with intermediate stops at Foynes, Ireland, Botwood, Newfoundland, and Shediac, New Brunswick. Its first passenger flight was on 9 July, and this continued until the onset of the Second World War. The \"Clipper\" fleet was then pressed into military service and the flying boats were used for ferrying personnel and equipment to the European and Pacific fronts. In 1938 a Lufthansa Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor long range airliner flew non-stop from Berlin to New York and returned non-stop as a proving flight for the development of passenger carrying services. This was the first landplane to fulfil this function and marked","psg_id":"3163745"},{"title":"The Transatlantic Review","text":"magazine was funded by John Quinn, who had been persuaded by Ezra Pound to give money to Ford for the publication of a literary magazine. Ernest Hemingway was the guest editor of the August 1924 edition. In 1959, Joseph F. McCrindle founded a literary magazine and named it the \"Transatlantic Review\" in honour of Ford's 1924 magazine. The Transatlantic Review The Transatlantic Review (often styled the transatlantic review) was an influential monthly literary magazine edited by Ford Madox Ford in 1924. The magazine was based in Paris but was published in London by Gerald Duckworth and Company. Although it published","psg_id":"15462818"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown","text":"a few days later by King George V. Alcock and Brown flew to Manchester on 17 July 1919, where they were given a civic reception by the Lord Mayor and Corporation, and awards to mark their achievement. Alcock was killed on 18 December 1919 when he crashed near Rouen whilst flying the new Vickers Viking amphibian to the Paris Airshow. Brown died on 4 October 1948. Two memorials commemorating the flight are sited near the landing spot in County Galway, Ireland. The first is an isolated cairn four kilometres south of Clifden on the site of Marconi's first transatlantic wireless","psg_id":"2356627"},{"title":"First solo flight","text":"In the United States, for most aircraft, there is no FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) requirement for a minimum number of hours. Per FAR Part 61 SFAR 73 section 2, Robinson helicopters have a 20-hour requirement to solo. However the regulations do require that a student pilot show competency in several specific skills to include, for example, the ability to forward slip. In practice, competence is mostly a judgment call of the Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI) responsible for the student. Typically, it takes from 10 to 30 hours of flight time before a pilot has the instinctive feel of an aircraft","psg_id":"8232612"},{"title":"First solo flight","text":"to be safe flying solo in other than perfect (no wind) weather. In some cases, when the student is given permission to fly alone the instructor directs the student to fly three circuits of the traffic pattern each accompanied by a full stop landing. During the first circuit, the solo, the student's Flight instructor may supervise the student's performance from the ground, paying close attention to the approach and landing. Some instructors keep a radio handy, if there is one in the aircraft, in case the student pilot should need assistance or advice. Several traditions have developed in the United","psg_id":"8232613"},{"title":"Solo Flight (video game)","text":"portion contains instruments. The game allows flying by both visual flight rules and instrument flight rules. In Mail Pilot, the player delivers five bags of mail to destination airports chosen from the twenty-one airports in the game. A score is given based on navigation and time. While en route, the plane may suffer mechanical and instrument failures. Writing for \"ANALOG Computing\", editor Lee Pappas wrote, \"the graphics are somewhat rough, and the control panel is not up to what it should be (there is no stall indicator, and non-standard VORS),\" but still concluded, \"As a whole, Solo Flight is the","psg_id":"9503153"},{"title":"Solo to Sydney","text":"Moth\" after his airplane. Solo to Sydney Solo to Sydney is a book by Sir Francis Chichester about his solo flight in the 1920s from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.60 Moth biplane. The book was first published in 1930 and subsequent editions have been published by Stein and Day. Chichester had relatively little flying experience when he undertook this epic voyage and the book recalls his experiences in dealing with bad weather, poor, or non-existent navigational aids and maps and his journey in general. Chichester was even more famous for his yachting achievements in a series of","psg_id":"14526556"},{"title":"Solo to Sydney","text":"Solo to Sydney Solo to Sydney is a book by Sir Francis Chichester about his solo flight in the 1920s from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.60 Moth biplane. The book was first published in 1930 and subsequent editions have been published by Stein and Day. Chichester had relatively little flying experience when he undertook this epic voyage and the book recalls his experiences in dealing with bad weather, poor, or non-existent navigational aids and maps and his journey in general. Chichester was even more famous for his yachting achievements in a series of boats he named \"Gypsy","psg_id":"14526555"},{"title":"Make a Match","text":"10:30 p.m. time slot from 7 December 1954 where it was broadcast on alternate weeks until its last episode on 15 February 1955. \"House Party\" was broadcast on the other Tuesdays. Make a Match Make a Match was a Canadian game show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955. In each episode of this Montreal-produced series, a four-person panel was faced with another group of seven people which included three couples and a seventh person who was frequently disguised. The panel attempted to determine who the couples were in the seven-person group. The panel itself consisted","psg_id":"14790279"},{"title":"Make a Match","text":"Make a Match Make a Match was a Canadian game show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955. In each episode of this Montreal-produced series, a four-person panel was faced with another group of seven people which included three couples and a seventh person who was frequently disguised. The panel attempted to determine who the couples were in the seven-person group. The panel itself consisted of male and female married people plus single people, also of each gender. This half-hour series aired Saturdays at 7:00 p.m. from 6 to 28 November 1954, moving to the Tuesday","psg_id":"14790278"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"a departure from the British and American reliance on seaplanes for long over-water routes. A regular Lufthansa Transatlantic service was planned but didn't start before World War II. It was from the emergency exigencies of World War II that the crossing of the Atlantic by landplane became a practical and commonplace possibility. With the Fall of France in June 1940, and the loss of much war materiel on the continent, the need for the British to purchase replacement materiel from the United States was urgent. The aircraft – such as the Lockheed Hudson – purchased in the United States by","psg_id":"3163746"},{"title":"The Elements (Second Person album)","text":"The Elements (Second Person album) The Elements is a special edition Post Trip Hop album produced by Second Person for Sellaband and was released on 9 August 2007. This is the follow-up to the band's debut album, \"Chromatography\", and was written by Julia Johnson, Mark Maclaine and Álvaro López at their studio in West London, UK. This album contains an exclusive set of tracks written for \"believers\" on the online music community, Sellaband. Using the website, fans raised a total of $50,000 to fund the album and since Second Person were the first UK band to achieve this goal the","psg_id":"9627290"},{"title":"Transatlantic Records","text":"Geesin, and The Purple Gang, whose \"Granny Takes A Trip\" was banned by the BBC in 1967. CBS had released the extremely successful contemporary music budget sampler with The Rock Machine Turns You On in 1967. Before CBS could follow up, Transatlantic released \"Listen Here!\" early in 1968. Like 'Rock Machine' the record was priced at 14/11d (£0.75) – but Transatlantic took promotion one stage further by not only printing the track listing on the front, but also the price. The record was designed to preview not only the forthcoming Pentangle double album, but solo records by members Bert Jansch","psg_id":"2259300"},{"title":"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine","text":"Female Vocal Performance\" Grammy nomination. You Make Me Want to Make You Mine \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" is a song written by Dave Loggins, and recorded by American country music artist Juice Newton. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from the album \"Old Flame\". \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" was Juice Newton's second number 1 hit on the U.S. Country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number 1 for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. In 1986, the song","psg_id":"14133404"},{"title":"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine","text":"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" is a song written by Dave Loggins, and recorded by American country music artist Juice Newton. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from the album \"Old Flame\". \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" was Juice Newton's second number 1 hit on the U.S. Country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number 1 for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. In 1986, the song garnered Newton her fifth \"Best","psg_id":"14133403"},{"title":"Transatlantic (Chris Potter album)","text":"will have their ears opened by this outstanding progressive release\". All About Jazz correspondent John Kelman observed \"\"Transatlantic\" may wax heavy on the solo front, but it's always in service of Potter's detailed charts, which demonstrate continued growth as a writer/arranger. He may largely work in small group contexts, but Transatlantic proves Potter's increasing mettle as a leader in any context, as compelling for its long-form charts as it is its ever-perfect capacity to inspire expansive but always completely relevant improvisation\". All compositions by Chris Potter Transatlantic (Chris Potter album) Transatlantic is an album by jazz saxophonist Chris Potter with","psg_id":"20526538"},{"title":"Transatlantic crossing","text":"first woman to accomplish this feat. On October 26, 2010, the Polish sexagenarian Aleksander Doba was the first recorded individual to complete a non-stop transatlantic crossing by kayak. He departed Dakar, Senegal and arrived in Brazil 99 days later. In 1997, the first East–West Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from the Canary Islands to the Caribbean. It now runs once every two years or so. In 2006, the first West–East North Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from New York City to Falmouth, Cornwall in the UK. Transatlantic flight surpassed ocean liners as the predominant mode of crossing the","psg_id":"2070297"},{"title":"Makers: Women Who Make America","text":"Makers: Women Who Make America Makers: Women Who Make America is a 2013 documentary film about the struggle for women's equality in the United States during the last five decades of the 20th century. The film was narrated by Meryl Streep and distributed by the Public Broadcasting Service as a three-part, three-hour television documentary in February 2013. \"Makers\" features interviews with women from all social strata, from politicians like Hillary Clinton and television stars like Ellen DeGeneres and Oprah Winfrey, to flight attendants, coal miners and phone company workers. In 2014, PBS commissioned season 2 of \"Makers: Women Who Make","psg_id":"16933741"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"South America and Africa. German airlines, such as \"Deutsche Luft Hansa\", experimented with mail routes over the North Atlantic in the early 1930s, with seaplanes and dirigibles. In the 1930s, a seaplane route was the only practical means of transatlantic air travel, as land-based planes lacked sufficient flying range for the crossing. An agreement between the governments of the US, Britain, Canada and the Irish Free State in 1935 set aside the Irish town of Foynes, the most westerly port in Ireland, as the terminal for all such services to be established. Imperial Airways had bought the Short Empire seaplane,","psg_id":"3163735"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"45 airports in North America, the busiest linked to Europe was New York John F. Kennedy International Airport with 198,442 seats, followed by Toronto Pearson International Airport with 90,982, New York Newark Liberty International Airport with 79,107, and Chicago O'Hare International Airport with 75,391 seats. Joint ventures, allowing coordination on prices, schedules, and strategy, control almost 75% of Transatlantic capacity. They are parallel to airline alliances: British Airways, Iberia and American Airlines are part of Oneworld; Lufthansa, Air Canada and United Airlines are members of Star Alliance; and Delta Air Lines, Air France, KLM and Alitalia belong to SkyTeam. Low","psg_id":"3163756"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"AW.23. Handley Page Harrows were used in the 1939 trials to aerial refuel the Empire flying boats for regular transatlantic crossings. From 5 August – 1 October 1939, sixteen crossings of the Atlantic were made by Empire flying boats, with fifteen crossings using FRL's aerial refueling system. After the sixteen crossings further trials were suspended due to the outbreak of World War II. The Short S.26 was built in 1939 as an enlarged Short Empire, powered by four 1,400 hp (1,044 kW) Bristol Hercules sleeve valve radial engines and designed with the capability of crossing the Atlantic without refuelling. It","psg_id":"3163742"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"April 1954 after four Comets crashed, the last two being BOAC aircraft at altitude. Later jet airliners including the larger and longer-range Comet 4 were designed to be fail-safe: in the event of for example a skin-failure due to cracking the damage would be localized and not catastrophic. On 4 October 1958, BOAC started transatlantic flights between London Heathrow and New York Idlewild with a Comet 4, and Pan Am followed on 26 October with a Boeing 707 service between New York and Paris. Supersonic flights on the Concorde were offered from 1976 to 2003, from London (by British Airways)","psg_id":"3163754"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"decades before commercial flights could become practical. The North Atlantic presented severe challenges for aviators due to weather and the long distances involved, with few stopping points. Initial transatlantic services, therefore, focused on the South Atlantic, where a number of French, German, and Italian airlines offered seaplane service for mail between South America and West Africa in the 1930s. From February 1934 to August 1939 Deutsche Lufthansa operated a regular airmail service between Natal, Brazil, and Bathurst, Gambia, continuing \"via\" the Canary Islands and Spain to Stuttgart, Germany. From December 1935, \"Air France\" opened a regular weekly airmail route between","psg_id":"3163734"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"Edinburgh to Stewart Airport, New York. Long-Haul low-cost carriers are emerging on the transatlantic market with 545,000 seats offered over 60 city pairs in September 2017 (a 66% growth over one year), compared to 652,000 seats over 96 pairs for Leisure airlines and 8,798,000 seats over 357 pairs for mainline carriers. LCC seat grew to 7.7% of North Atlantic seats in 2018 from 3.0% in 2016, led by Norwegian with 4.8% then WOW air with 1.6% and WestJet with 0.6%, while the three airline alliances dedicated joint ventures seat share is 72.3%, down from 79.8% in 2015. By July 2018,","psg_id":"3163759"},{"title":"Second Person Singular (novel)","text":"Second Person Singular (novel) Second Person Singular is a 2010 novel by the Arab Israeli writer Sayed Kashua. Kashua explores the identity of Arabs who are assimilated in Israeli culture; Arabs that speak Hebrew and had their education at Israeli institutes. \"Second Person Singular\" follows two Arab men, a successful criminal attorney and a social worker, whose fates meet in a curious way. The lawyer has a flourishing office in West Jerusalem where he has two fellow Arabs jurists working for him: Tariq and Samaah. Tariq also works as a criminal attorney, Samaah works as his secretary. Although Samaah studied","psg_id":"17582438"},{"title":"The Flying Irishman","text":"with Henry as a barn-stormer to finance a transatlantic attempt, but Henry eventually tires of the drudgery of eking out a living day to day. Doug learns about a new commercial airline route to Ireland and decides to make a solo flight to prove his qualifications. In New York, after his plane is grounded by an inspector, Doug's brother arranges a return flight to San Diego, lifting the flight ban. Once in the air, Doug instead heads off to Ireland, and, 28 hours later, makes it successfully to Dublin. When Doug rejects an airline offer of a job as vice-president","psg_id":"5882683"},{"title":"Second Person (band)","text":"Second Person (band) Second Person were a British band that existed for 10 years between 2001 and 2011 and mixed influences from trip hop, jazz, hip hop and electronica to form post-trip hop. In late 2001, singer Julia Johnson and producer/bassist Mark Maclaine met, and early the following year formed the band Second Person. Drummer Álvaro López was recruited in mid-2004 to complete the final line up and their debut album \"Chromatography\" was released later that year. It went on to sell out of its initial white-label run in United Kingdom, USA and Australia through word of mouth and publicity","psg_id":"9177204"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"home Commands. With the entry of the United States into the War, the Atlantic Division of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command began similar ferrying services to transport aircraft, supplies and passengers to the British Isles. By September 1944 British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), as Imperial Airways had by then become, had made 1,000 transatlantic crossings. After World War II long runways were available, and North American and European carriers such as Pan Am, TWA, Trans Canada Airlines (TCA), BOAC, and Air France acquired larger piston airliners that could cross the North Atlantic with stops (usually in","psg_id":"3163751"},{"title":"Second Flight: Live at the Z7","text":"Second Flight: Live at the Z7 Second Flight: Live at the Z7 is the second live album by American progressive rock supergroup Flying Colors. The band recorded it on October 12, 2014 at the Z7 Konzertfabrik in Pratteln, Switzerland. Mike Portnoy chose the location because both Flying Colors and other bands of his had recorded multiple shows at the 013 in Tilburg. It was a challenging show for the band to perform because this was only the eighth show on the tour. The album title was coined by Portnoy. Bernhard Baran, who had filmed and edited Flying Colors' Live in","psg_id":"19160591"},{"title":"Transatlantic Climate Bridge","text":"entails cooperation between US and German officials in matters of confronting climate change. It aims to develop novel ways to reduce emissions and to improve energy efficiency. Transatlantic Climate Bridge The Transatlantic Climate Bridge is a climate partnership between Germany and the United States. The partnership was first proposed by German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in an April 2008 lecture at Harvard University. He believed that climate policy was the core of transatlantic matters. On 29 September 2008, he and German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel wrote in the \"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung\", \"Together with the United States, we can make the","psg_id":"15367790"},{"title":"Transatlantic Climate Bridge","text":"Transatlantic Climate Bridge The Transatlantic Climate Bridge is a climate partnership between Germany and the United States. The partnership was first proposed by German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in an April 2008 lecture at Harvard University. He believed that climate policy was the core of transatlantic matters. On 29 September 2008, he and German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel wrote in the \"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung\", \"Together with the United States, we can make the technological breakthroughs required and successfully negotiate a follow-up treaty to the Kyoto Protocol. Only if we work closely with our partners on the other side of the","psg_id":"15367788"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"the keel walkway. The return journey to Pulham in Norfolk, England, was from 10 to 13 July and it took 75 hours. The first transpolar flight eastbound and the first flight crossing the Northpole ever, was the Norwegian explorer and pilot Roald Amundsen on 11 May 1926. He flew with the airship \"NORGE\" (\"Norway\") piloted by the Italian colonel Umberto Nobile, non-stop from Svalbard in Norway to Teller in Alaska, USA. The flight lasted for 72 hours. The first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic was made by the Portuguese naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in 1922. Coutinho","psg_id":"3163728"},{"title":"First solo flight","text":"air traffic controllers are not pilots and may not be contactable anyway). Depending on the country, there may be a requirement for some minimum number of training hours to have been completed by the student pilot before he or she is allowed to solo. In most countries, it is assumed that such students will be familiar with (and may have to pass an examination on) the relevant Air Laws or Regulations, and will have completed exercises in handling aircraft in normal conditions, and also what to do in the case of engine failure on takeoff, in flight, and before landing.","psg_id":"8232611"},{"title":"First solo flight","text":"States around \"soloing\", including drenching the student with water and cutting off and permanently displaying the back of his or her shirt. In American aviation lore, the traditional removal of a new pilot's shirt tail is a sign of the instructor's new confidence in his student after successful completion of the first solo flight. In the days of tandem trainers, the student sat in the front seat, with the instructor behind. As there were often no radios in these early days of aviation, the instructor would tug on the student pilot's shirttail to get his attention, and then yell in","psg_id":"8232614"},{"title":"The Elements (Second Person album)","text":"guest animators will also join the team for different sections of the story and the new videos are due for release throughout the remainder of 2007. The Elements (Second Person album) The Elements is a special edition Post Trip Hop album produced by Second Person for Sellaband and was released on 9 August 2007. This is the follow-up to the band's debut album, \"Chromatography\", and was written by Julia Johnson, Mark Maclaine and Álvaro López at their studio in West London, UK. This album contains an exclusive set of tracks written for \"believers\" on the online music community, Sellaband. Using","psg_id":"9627293"},{"title":"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person","text":"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \"Modra\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \"Modra\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker, like herself, and the filmmaker's daughter, Sara, is played by Veninger's real life daughter Hallie Switzer.","psg_id":"16430692"},{"title":"Solo: A Star Wars Story","text":"only $392.9 million worldwide. On the planet Corellia, orphaned children are made to steal to survive. Lovers Han and Qi'ra make an escape from a local gang. They bribe an Imperial officer with stolen coaxium, a powerful hyperspace fuel, for passage on an outgoing transport, but Qi'ra is apprehended before she can board. Han vows to return for her and joins the Imperial Navy as a flight cadet. When the recruiting officer asks for his surname, Han says he is alone with no family, so the recruiter gives him the last name \"Solo\". Three years later, Han is expelled from","psg_id":"19825964"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"Vickers Vimy IV twin-engined bomber in the competition but had not yet found a pilot. Alcock's enthusiasm impressed Vickers's team, and he was appointed as its pilot. Work began on converting the Vimy for the long flight, replacing its bomb racks with extra petrol tanks. Shortly afterwards Brown, who was unemployed, approached Vickers seeking a post and his knowledge of long distance navigation convinced them to take him on as Alcock's navigator. Vickers's team quickly assembled its plane and at around 1:45 p.m. on 14 June, while the Handley Page team was conducting yet another test, the Vickers plane took","psg_id":"3163724"},{"title":"Make a Wish (Vic Chou album)","text":"Make a Wish (Vic Chou album) Make a Wish is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Vic Chou's, of boy band F4, debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 11 January 2002 by Sony Music Taiwan. Chou was the first of the F4 members to release a solo album. A second limited edition was released on 26 February 2002 The track, \"Make A Wish\" is listed at number 76 on Hit Fm Taiwan's \"Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart\" (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2002. The album was awarded one of the \"Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year\" at the 2002","psg_id":"15474816"},{"title":"Make a Wish (Vic Chou album)","text":"IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI. Make a Wish (Vic Chou album) Make a Wish is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Vic Chou's, of boy band F4, debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 11 January 2002 by Sony Music Taiwan. Chou was the first of the F4 members to release a solo album. A second limited edition was released on 26 February 2002 The track, \"Make A Wish\" is listed at number 76 on Hit Fm Taiwan's \"Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart\" (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2002. The album was awarded","psg_id":"15474817"},{"title":"Transatlantic flight","text":"of Alcock and Brown, on 2 July 1919. Major George Herbert Scott of the Royal Air Force flew the airship R34 with his crew and passengers from RAF East Fortune, Scotland to Mineola, New York (on Long Island), covering a distance of about 3,000 statute miles (4,800 km) in about four and a half days. The flight was intended as a testing ground for postwar commercial services by airship (see Imperial Airship Scheme), and it was the first flight to transport paying passengers. The R34 wasn't built as a passenger carrier, and extra accommodation was arranged by slinging hammocks in","psg_id":"3163727"},{"title":"And Who Will Make the Chapatis?","text":"And Who Will Make the Chapatis? And Who Will Make the Chapatis? is an overview of the all-women political panchayats formed in Maharashtra, India, where policy changes in the latter half of the 20th century explicitly created space for women in local, rural government, and gave their governing bodies funds and a mandate to oversee certain local works. The book, first published in 1998, includes reports from the field by Meenakshi Shedde, Sonali Sathaye, Sharmila Joshi, and Bishakha Datta, and was edited by Datta. A second print run was produced in 2001. The book is regularly cited as a detailed","psg_id":"14436369"},{"title":"And Who Will Make the Chapatis?","text":"Bhende Khurd that were active at the time of publication. And Who Will Make the Chapatis? And Who Will Make the Chapatis? is an overview of the all-women political panchayats formed in Maharashtra, India, where policy changes in the latter half of the 20th century explicitly created space for women in local, rural government, and gave their governing bodies funds and a mandate to oversee certain local works. The book, first published in 1998, includes reports from the field by Meenakshi Shedde, Sonali Sathaye, Sharmila Joshi, and Bishakha Datta, and was edited by Datta. A second print run was produced","psg_id":"14436371"},{"title":"George E. A. Hallett","text":"George E. A. Hallett Colonel George Eustace Amyot Hallett (May 9, 1890 – June 2, 1982) was a pioneer aviator. He and John Cyril Porte planned to make the first transatlantic flight. They were going to use a flying boat commissioned by Rodman Wanamaker, but were prevented by the start of World War I. In 1919 the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown set the record that they hoped to achieve. He was born on May 9, 1890 in Cheltenham, England to Marmaduke James Hallett (1854-1928) of England and Alida Clara Bealy (1858-1939) of Christchurch, New Zealand. He had a","psg_id":"15536366"},{"title":"George E. A. Hallett","text":"Wanamaker's \"America\" flying boat. He died on June 2, 1982 in San Diego, California. His papers are archived at the San Diego Air and Space Museum. George E. A. Hallett Colonel George Eustace Amyot Hallett (May 9, 1890 – June 2, 1982) was a pioneer aviator. He and John Cyril Porte planned to make the first transatlantic flight. They were going to use a flying boat commissioned by Rodman Wanamaker, but were prevented by the start of World War I. In 1919 the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown set the record that they hoped to achieve. He was born","psg_id":"15536368"},{"title":"Second Person (band)","text":"of big change in the music industry, and although sometimes scary, it also allowed us to do things our own way. Something that kept us going was the support and love of a core group of dedicated fans. You are those people and we wanted to thank you for being there for us.\" Second Person (band) Second Person were a British band that existed for 10 years between 2001 and 2011 and mixed influences from trip hop, jazz, hip hop and electronica to form post-trip hop. In late 2001, singer Julia Johnson and producer/bassist Mark Maclaine met, and early the","psg_id":"9177208"},{"title":"A Flight to Remember","text":"A Flight to Remember \"A Flight to Remember\" is episode ten in the first production season of \"Futurama\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 26, 1999, as the first episode in the second season. This episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Peter Avanzino. Dawnn Lewis guest stars in this episode as LaBarbara Conrad. The episode is a direct parody of the 1997 film \"Titanic\", while the title is a reference to Walter Lord's non-fiction book about the Titanic disaster \"A Night to Remember\". Fry, Leela, and Bender hand their resignations","psg_id":"6606032"},{"title":"KLM Flight 607-E","text":"KLM Flight 607-E KLM Flight 607-E, a Lockheed Super Constellation named \"Hugo de Groot\" and registered was an international scheduled flight that crashed west of Shannon, Ireland on 14 August 1958. All ninety-one passengers and eight crew died in the accident, including six members of the Egyptian fencing team (Osman Abdel Hafeez, Mohamed Ali Riad, Ahmed Sabry, et al.). The \"E\" in the flight number stood for the designation of being an extra economy class flight to match the increased seasonal tourist demand. Flight 607-E departed Shannon at 3:05 UTC on the second leg of a transatlantic trip from Amsterdam","psg_id":"8195530"},{"title":"A Flight to Remember","text":"used it in later episodes. Recurring characters Leo and Inez Wong, and LaBarbara Conrad were first introduced in the episode. A Flight to Remember \"A Flight to Remember\" is episode ten in the first production season of \"Futurama\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 26, 1999, as the first episode in the second season. This episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Peter Avanzino. Dawnn Lewis guest stars in this episode as LaBarbara Conrad. The episode is a direct parody of the 1997 film \"Titanic\", while the title is a reference","psg_id":"6606038"},{"title":"The Flight Across the Ocean","text":"(1987) The Flight Across the Ocean The Flight across the Ocean () is a \"Lehrstück\" by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, inspired by \"We\", Charles Lindbergh's 1927 account of his transatlantic flight. Written for the Baden-Baden Music Festival, it was originally entitled \"Lindbergh's Flight\" (\"Der Lindberghflug\") and premiered in 1929 with music by Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in a broadcast by the Frankfurter Rundfunk-Symphonie-Orchester under the direction of Hermann Scherchen and produced by Ernst Hardt. Shortly afterwards, Weill replaced the Hindemith sections with his own music and this new version (described as a 'cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra')","psg_id":"10747476"},{"title":"The Flight Across the Ocean","text":"The Flight Across the Ocean The Flight across the Ocean () is a \"Lehrstück\" by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, inspired by \"We\", Charles Lindbergh's 1927 account of his transatlantic flight. Written for the Baden-Baden Music Festival, it was originally entitled \"Lindbergh's Flight\" (\"Der Lindberghflug\") and premiered in 1929 with music by Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in a broadcast by the Frankfurter Rundfunk-Symphonie-Orchester under the direction of Hermann Scherchen and produced by Ernst Hardt. Shortly afterwards, Weill replaced the Hindemith sections with his own music and this new version (described as a 'cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra') opened","psg_id":"10747474"},{"title":"Person to Person (film)","text":"Person to Person (film) Person to Person is an American drama film directed and written by Dustin Guy Defa. The film stars Michael Cera, Tavi Gevinson, and Abbi Jacobson. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2017. It was released on July 28, 2017, by Magnolia Pictures. During a day in New York City, a reporter trains a new employee while covering a story about a possible murder where a watch repairman may have important information; a record collector finds a rare piece of vinyl; two brothers track down their sister's ex-boyfriend who","psg_id":"19191299"},{"title":"Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening","text":"Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening (1944) is a surrealist painting by Salvador Dalí. A short, alternate title for the painting is Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee. It was painted in 1944, while Dalí and his wife, Gala, were living in America. In this \"hand-painted dream photograph\", as Dalí generally called his paintings, there is a seascape of distant horizons and calm waters, perhaps Port Lligat, amidst which Gala is the subject of","psg_id":"3396774"},{"title":"The Transatlantic Review","text":"The Transatlantic Review The Transatlantic Review (often styled the transatlantic review) was an influential monthly literary magazine edited by Ford Madox Ford in 1924. The magazine was based in Paris but was published in London by Gerald Duckworth and Company. Although it published only 12 issues—one in each month in 1924—the magazine had an influential impact on early 20th-century English literature by publishing works such as an early extract from James Joyce's \"Finnegans Wake\". The magazine also contained works by Djuna Barnes, Jean Cassou, Hilda Doolittle, Ernest Hemingway, Selma Lagerlof, Jean Rhys, Gertrude Stein, and Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. The","psg_id":"15462817"},{"title":"Transatlantic crossing","text":"optic cable, TAT-8, was installed in 1988. The exchange rate between the United States dollar and British pound is still colloquially known as \"cable\" by financial marketeers, from the early use of the transatlantic cable for this purpose. Transatlantic radio communication was first accomplished on December 12, 1901 by Guglielmo Marconi who, using a temporary receiving station at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, received a Morse code signal representing the letter \"S\" sent from Poldhu, in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Guglielmo Marconi initiated commercial transatlantic radio communications between his high power long wave wireless telegraphy stations in Clifden Ireland and Glace Bay, Nova","psg_id":"2070304"},{"title":"A Chance to Make History","text":"A Chance to Make History A Chance to Make History: What Works and What Doesn't in Providing an Excellent Education for All () is a book by Wendy Kopp, CEO and Founder of Teach For America, that was published by PublicAffairs in January 2011. In \"A Chance to Make History\", Kopp draws on examples of effective teachers, schools, and districts to demonstrate what she believes is needed to provide all children with a \"transformational\" education. \"A Chance to Make History\" is the second book by Wendy Kopp. Her first book, titled \"One Day, All Children: The Unlikely Triumph of Teach","psg_id":"15478204"},{"title":"Right to Make Transmittable","text":"who infringes the right pursuant to Article 709 of the Civil Code of Japan, a provision of tort. Unauthorized use of other's work is to obtain profit without any legitimate reason and the holder of the right to make transmittable may make a claim for unjust enrichment pursuant to Article 703 of the Civil Code of Japan. The person who infringes the right to make transmittable shall be punishable by imprisonment with work for a term not more than ten years or by a fine of not more than ten million Yen, or by both. As mentioned above, under the","psg_id":"15338120"},{"title":"Transatlantic crossing","text":"transatlantic radio communication between the UK to Canada using his \"Beam Wireless Service\" which went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926. Shortwave radio vastly increased the speed and capacity of transatlantic communications at dramatically reduced cost compared to telegraph cable and long wave radio. Telstar was the first communications satellite to provide commercial transatlantic communications. It was launched by on July 10, 1962, the first privately sponsored space launch. Communications satellites vastly increased the speed and quality of transatlantic communication, but transatlantic fiber optic cables have carried the vast majority of transatlantic communications traffic since the early 1990s. The","psg_id":"2070306"},{"title":"Lithuanians in Ireland","text":"Vaitkus, the sixth person who had a successful flight over Atlantic Ocean with a single engine single seat fixed-wing aircraft, landed in Ireland. Vaitkus flew his transatlantic flight with \"Lituanica II\". Vaitkus had to fight the worst possible weather conditions and was helped considerably by hourly broadcasts from an Irish radio station. He learned that Dublin was fogged in, as well as all areas heading east as far as the Baltic Sea. He knew that he could not make it to Kaunas due to his low fuel supply, and being exhausted after a 23-hour struggle fighting the elements, he felt","psg_id":"7364233"},{"title":"Transatlantic crossing","text":"have largely taken over on transatlantic routes from quad-engine jets, whilst the supersonic Concorde was ultimately doomed by its high running costs, leading to its retirement in 2003. Transatlantic cables are cables that have been laid along the ocean floor to connect North America and Europe. Before the advent of radio, the only means of communication across the Atlantic Ocean was to physically connect the continents with a transatlantic telegraph cable, the first of which was installed from Valentia, Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland in 1858. The first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT-1, was installed in 1955. The first transatlantic fiber","psg_id":"2070303"},{"title":"Transatlantic Records","text":"Transatlantic Records Transatlantic Records was a British independent record label. The company was established in 1961, primarily as an importer of American folk, blues and jazz records by many of the artists who influenced the burgeoning British folk and blues boom. Within a few years, the company had started recording British artists. The company's philosophy was intentionally eclectic. The label was founded by Englishman Nat Joseph who started the company at the age of 21 after visiting the US and realizing that there was a wealth of music that was not being made available in the UK to British music","psg_id":"2259296"},{"title":"Pan Am Flight 103","text":"the Boeing 747, which was cut into several pieces to assist in removal from Tundergarth Hill. Pan Am Flight 103 Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York. On 21 December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft operating the transatlantic leg of the route was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew – a disaster known as the Lockerbie bombing. Large sections of the aircraft crashed onto residential areas of Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 11 people on the ground. Following a three-year joint investigation by Dumfries","psg_id":"7956887"},{"title":"Atlantic Flight","text":"the weekend after shooting wrapped. Merrill made two more transatlantic flights, the last of these, on May 14, 1937, set the new record at 24 hours, 25 seconds. Strictly a \"B\" feature, the \"Atlantic Flight\" is best considered a historical record, with a great deal of aviation footage of the period to commend it. Atlantic Flight Atlantic Flight is a 1937 film made by Monogram Pictures chiefs Trem Carr and W. Ray Johnston who had just reformed the studio after having had a troubled merger for two years with Herbert J. Yates and Republic Pictures. This film was conceived as","psg_id":"15201171"},{"title":"Second Flight: Live at the Z7","text":"and applying it to all the tracks of Second Flight: Live at the Z7. Mouser spent 34 days creating four separate mixes and 10 separate masters, and then mastered each recording. Three live music videos were released at 4K resolution: “Mask Machine”, \"Kayla\", and \"Bombs Away.\" Second Flight: Live at the Z7 Second Flight: Live at the Z7 is the second live album by American progressive rock supergroup Flying Colors. The band recorded it on October 12, 2014 at the Z7 Konzertfabrik in Pratteln, Switzerland. Mike Portnoy chose the location because both Flying Colors and other bands of his had","psg_id":"19160595"},{"title":"Floyd Bennett Field","text":"would not be complete until 1932 and would cost $4.5 million. Floyd Bennett Field was formally dedicated again on May 23, 1931, upon its official completion. At the time, the Administration Building was almost finished, and the United States Navy was to occupy part of the airfield. The dedication was attended by 25,000 people, including Chamberlain; Byrd; Captain John H. Towers, who flew the first transatlantic flight; F. Trubee Davison, the assistant United States Secretary of the Army for Aviation; and Colonel Charles Lindbergh, who flew the first solo transatlantic flight. Many of the attendees were also there to view","psg_id":"2114351"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"Air, Winston Churchill, presented Alcock and Brown with the \\\"Daily Mail\\\" prize for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in \\\"less than 72 consecutive hours\\\". There was a small amount of mail carried on the flight making it also the first transatlantic airmail flight. The two aviators were awarded the honour of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) a week later by King George V at the Windsor Castle. The first transatlantic flight by rigid airship, and the first \\\"return\\\" transatlantic flight, was made just a couple of weeks after the transatlantic flight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163726\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"to the United States from the United Kingdom and Ireland in summer 2017 on behalf of its parent company using the parent's new Boeing 737 MAX aircraft expected to be delivered from May 2017. Norwegian Air performed its first transatlantic flight with a Boeing 737-800 on 16 June 2017 between Edinburgh Airport and Stewart Airport, New York. The first transatlantic flight with a 737 MAX was performed on 15 July 2017, with a MAX 8 named \\\"Sir Freddie Laker\\\", between Edinburgh Airport in Scotland and Hartford International Airport in the US state of Connecticut, followed by a second rotation from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163758\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"Transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa or the Middle East to North America, Central America, or South America, or \\\"vice versa\\\". Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft. Early aircraft engines did not have the reliability needed for the crossing, nor the power to lift the required fuel. There are difficulties navigating over featureless expanses of water for thousands of miles, and the weather, especially in the North Atlantic Ocean, was unpredictable. Since the middle of the 20th century, however, transatlantic flight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"to fly nonstop from New York to the European continental land mass. Over the next 33.5 hours, Lindbergh and the \\\"Spirit of St. Louis\\\" encountered many challenges before landing at Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France, at 10:22 p.m. on Saturday, 21 May 1927, completing the first solo crossing of the Atlantic. The first east-west non-stop transatlantic crossing by an aeroplane was made in 1928 by the \\\"Bremen\\\", a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, from Baldonnel Airfield in County Dublin, Ireland. On 18 August 1932 Jim Mollison made the first east-to-west solo trans-Atlantic flight; flying from Portmarnock in Ireland to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"have forced the craft to North Africa or Norway. To descend, Trappe would have popped or released some of the balloons. The last time the Atlantic was crossed by helium balloon was in 1984 by Colonel Joe Kittinger. Transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa or the Middle East to North America, Central America, or South America, or \\\"vice versa\\\". Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft. Early aircraft engines did not have the reliability needed for the crossing, nor the power to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163765\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic crossing\",\n \"text\": \"he then made a return trip to England, thus also completing the first double crossing of the Atlantic (east–west–east). In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight in an airplane (between New York City and Paris). The second solo piloting, and the first to carry a passenger, was Clarence Duncan Chamberlin on June 6, 1927. Edward R. Armstrong proposed a string of anchored \\\"seadromes\\\" to refuel planes in a crossing. The first serious attempt to take a share of the transatlantic passenger market away from the ocean liners was undertaken by Germany. In the 1930s, Germany crossed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2070299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"Thaddeus S. C. Lowe prepared a massive balloon of called the \\\"City of New York\\\" to take off from Philadelphia in 1860, but was interrupted by the onset of the American Civil War in 1861. (The first successful transatlantic flight in a balloon was the Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine, to Miserey, near Paris in 1978.) The possibility of transatlantic flight by aircraft emerged after the First World War, which had seen tremendous advances in aerial capabilities. In April 1913 the London newspaper \\\"The Daily Mail\\\" offered a prize of £10,000 (£ in ) to The competition was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163720\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"on 21 July 1938 from Foynes to Boucherville. \\\"Mercury\\\", piloted by Captain Don Bennett, separated from her carrier at 8 pm to continue what was to become the first commercial non-stop East-to-West transatlantic flight by a heavier-than-air machine. This initial journey took 20 hrs 21 min at an average ground speed of 144 mph (232 km/h). Another technology developed for the purpose of transatlantic commercial flight, was aerial refuelling. Sir Alan Cobham developed the \\\"Grappled-line looped-hose\\\" system to stimulate the possibility for long-range transoceanic commercial aircraft flights, and publicly demonstrated it for the first time in 1935. In the system\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo Flight (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"Solo Flight (video game) Solo Flight is a flight simulator written by Sid Meier for the Atari 8-bit family and published by MicroProse in 1983. In the UK it was published by U.S. Gold.. It was ported to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and later the IBM PC. A version for Thomson computers was published in 1985 by FIL in France with the title Volo Solo. \\\"Solo Flight\\\" consists of two parts: a pure flying simulation and a game mode called Mail Pilot. The top half of the screen shows the plane being flown in third person, while the bottom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9503152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"has been routine, for commercial, military, diplomatic, and other purposes. Experimental flights (in balloons, small aircraft, etc.) still present challenges for transatlantic fliers. The idea of transatlantic flight came about with the advent of the balloon. The balloons of the period were inflated with coal gas, a moderate lifting medium compared to hydrogen or helium, but with enough lift to use the winds that would later be known as the Jet Stream. In 1859, John Wise built an enormous aerostat named the \\\"Atlantic\\\", intending to cross the Atlantic. The flight lasted less than a day, crash-landing in Henderson, New York.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163719\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"primarily for use along the empire routes in Africa and Asia, but began to explore the possibility of using it for transatlantic flights from 1937. The range of the Short Empire was less than that of the equivalent US Sikorsky \\\"Clipper\\\" flying boats and as such was initially unable to provide a true trans-Atlantic service. Two boats (\\\"Caledonia\\\" and \\\"Cambria\\\") were lightened and given long range tanks to increase the aircraft's range to 3,300 miles. Meanwhile, in the US, attention was initially focused on transatlantic flight for a faster postal service between Europe and America. In 1931 W. Irving Glover,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown\",\n \"text\": \"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight in June 1919. They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the \\\"Daily Mail\\\" prize for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by aeroplane in \\\"less than 72 consecutive hours\\\". A small amount of mail was carried on the flight, making it the first transatlantic airmail flight. The two aviators were awarded the honour of Knight Commander\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"Pennfield, New Brunswick, Canada in a de Havilland Puss Moth. The first transpolar transatlantic (and transcontinental) crossing was the non-stop flight piloted by Valery Chkalov, 63 hours, 8,811 kilometers, from St. Petersburg, Russia to Vancouver, Washington, 18–20 June 1937. On 11 October 1928, Hugo Eckener, commanding the \\\"Graf Zeppelin\\\" airship as part of DELAG's operations, began the first non-stop transatlantic passenger flights, leaving Friedrichshafen, Germany, at 07:54 on 11 October 1928, and arriving at NAS Lakehurst, New Jersey, on 15 October. Thereafter, DELAG used the \\\"Graf Zeppelin\\\" on regular scheduled passenger flights across the North Atlantic, from Frankfurt-am-Main to Lakehurst.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163731\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"cost carriers are starting to compete on this market, most importantly Norwegian Air Shuttle, WestJet and WOW Air. A total of 431 non-stop routes between North America and Europe were scheduled for summer 2017, up 84 routes from 347 in 2012 – a 24% increase. In 2016 Dr. Paul Williams of the University of Reading published a scientific study showing that transatlantic flight times are expected to change as the North Atlantic jet stream responds to global warming, with eastbound flights speeding up and westbound flights slowing down. In February 2017, Norwegian Air International announced it would start transatlantic flights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"to bring the smaller aircraft to operational height, at which time the two aircraft would separate, the carrier aircraft returning to base while the other flew on to its destination. The Short Mayo Composite project, co-designed by Mayo and Shorts chief designer Arthur Gouge, comprised the \\\"Short S.21 Maia\\\", (\\\"G-ADHK\\\") which was a variant of the Short \\\"C-Class\\\" Empire flying-boat fitted with a trestle or pylon on the top of the fuselage to support the \\\"Short S.20 Mercury\\\"(\\\"G-ADHJ\\\"). The first successful in-flight separation of the \\\"Composite\\\" was carried out on 6 February 1938, and the first transatlantic flight was made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"brought them down in the ocean where they were rescued. Raynham and Morgan also made an attempt on 18 May but crashed on take off due to the high fuel load. The Handley Page team was in the final stages of testing its aircraft for the flight in June, but the Vickers group was ready earlier. During 14–15 June 1919, the British aviators Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight. During the War, Alcock resolved to fly the Atlantic, and after the war he approached the Vickers engineering and aviation firm at Weybridge, which had considered entering its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163723\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown\",\n \"text\": \"presented a handwritten note which was carried by Alcock on the flight. The note, which was valued at £1000–£1200, read as follows: Two weeks before Alcock and Brown's flight, the first transatlantic flight had been made by the NC-4, a United States Navy flying boat, commanded by Lt. Commander Albert Cushing Read, who flew from Naval Air Station Rockaway, New York to Plymouth with a crew of five, over 23 days, with six stops along the way. This flight was not eligible for the \\\"Daily Mail\\\" prize since it took more than 72 consecutive hours and also because more than\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356630\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"last eastward trip of the year left Lakehurst on 10 October; the first North Atlantic trip of 1937 ended in the Hindenburg disaster. The British rigid airship R100 also made a successful return trip from Cardington to Montreal in July–August 1930, in what was intended to be a proving flight for regularly scheduled passenger services. Following the R101 disaster in October 1930, the British rigid airship program was abandoned and the R100 scrapped, leaving DELAG as the sole remaining operator of transatlantic passenger airship flights. Although Alcock and Brown first flew across the Atlantic in 1919, it took two more\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163733\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown\",\n \"text\": \"mural. A small amount of mail, 196 letters and a parcel, was carried on Alcock and Brown's flight, the first time mail was carried by air across the ocean. The government of the Dominion of Newfoundland overprinted stamps for this carriage with the inscription \\\"Transatlantic air post 1919\\\". Upon landing in Paris after his own record breaking flight in 1927, Charles Lindbergh told the crowd welcoming him that \\\"Alcock and Brown showed me the way!\\\" To mark the original transatlantic crossing, on the 1 June 1979 two Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR.2s – XV424 (of No. 56 Squadron)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo Flight (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"best Atari flight simulator published to date.\\\" \\\"COMPUTE!\\\" reviewer Arthur Leyenberger praised both the simulation and game aspects of \\\"Solo Flight\\\". Solo Flight (video game) Solo Flight is a flight simulator written by Sid Meier for the Atari 8-bit family and published by MicroProse in 1983. In the UK it was published by U.S. Gold.. It was ported to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and later the IBM PC. A version for Thomson computers was published in 1985 by FIL in France with the title Volo Solo. \\\"Solo Flight\\\" consists of two parts: a pure flying simulation and a game\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9503154\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"and Paris (by Air France) to New York and Washington, and back, with flight times of around three and a half hours one-way. Since the loosening of regulations in the 1970s and 1980s, many airlines now compete across the Atlantic. In 2015, 44 million seats were offered on the transatlantic routes, an increase of 6% over the previous year. Of the 67 European airports with links to North America, the busiest was London Heathrow Airport with 231,532 weekly seats, followed by Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport with 129,831, Frankfurt Airport with 115,420, and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with 79,611. Of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown\",\n \"text\": \"that being taken care of by Handley-Page Victor K.2 tankers of No. 57 Squadron. XV424 today is preserved at the RAF Museum in Hendon, sporting colours of No. 56 (Fighter) Squadron, while XV486 was scrapped in 1993. Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight in June 1919. They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the \\\"Daily Mail\\\" prize for the first crossing of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356638\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First solo flight\",\n \"text\": \"his ear. A successful first solo flight is an indication that the student can fly without the instructor (\\\"instructor-less\\\" flight). Hence, there is no longer a need for the shirt tail, and it is cut off by the (often) proud instructor, and sometimes displayed as a trophy. First solo flight The first solo flight of a new pilot comprises that pilot completing a take off, and usually a short flight and safe landing, by him or herself. Flying such a flight is a milestone known as soloing. Being solo pilot of an aircraft is different from most other situations in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8232615\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First solo flight\",\n \"text\": \"First solo flight The first solo flight of a new pilot comprises that pilot completing a take off, and usually a short flight and safe landing, by him or herself. Flying such a flight is a milestone known as soloing. Being solo pilot of an aircraft is different from most other situations in that the pilot has not only to be able to fly and navigate the machine in a competent manner but he/she also has to be able to cope with unpredictable developments like mechanical failure, bad weather etc. on his/her own and without advice from other sources (most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8232610\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person\",\n \"text\": \"sitting in their seats waiting for their flight to take off, the two women hold hands. I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \\\"Modra\\\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \\\"Modra\\\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16430696\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"have their place in transatlantic navigation. Land-based systems such as VOR and DME, because they operate \\\"line of sight\\\", are mostly useless for ocean crossings, except in initial and final legs within about of those facilities. In the late 1950s and early 1960s an important facility for low-flying aircraft was the Radio Range. Inertial navigation systems became prominent in the 1970s. The twenty busiest commercial routes between North America and Europe (traffic traveling in both directions) in 2010 were: In September 2013, Jonathan Trappe lifted off from Caribou, Maine, United States in an attempt to make the first crossing of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163763\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Space Cadet Solo Flight\",\n \"text\": \"Hangin' On\\\". Space Cadet Solo Flight Space Cadet Solo Flight is the seventh studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in 1981 on the TK label. \\\"Space Cadet Solo Flight\\\" was credited only to group lead vocalist KC. Featuring more of a pop sound than the previous albums, it was not successful as the album and none of the singles released charted in the US. The album is notable for including a cover of the Supremes' 1966 hit song \\\"You\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7370587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Space Cadet Solo Flight\",\n \"text\": \"Space Cadet Solo Flight Space Cadet Solo Flight is the seventh studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in 1981 on the TK label. \\\"Space Cadet Solo Flight\\\" was credited only to group lead vocalist KC. Featuring more of a pop sound than the previous albums, it was not successful as the album and none of the singles released charted in the US. The album is notable for including a cover of the Supremes' 1966 hit song \\\"You Keep Me\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7370586\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"engines flying transatlantic (the most common models used for transatlantic service being the Airbus A330, Boeing 767 and Boeing 777) have to be ETOPS certified. Gaps in air traffic control and radar coverage over large stretches of the Earth's oceans, as well as an absence of most types of radio navigation aids, impose a requirement for a high level of autonomy in navigation upon transatlantic flights. Aircraft must include reliable systems that can determine the aircraft's course and position with great accuracy over long distances. In addition to the traditional compass, inertials and satellite navigation systems such as GPS all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163762\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"the second assistant postmaster, wrote an article for \\\"Popular Mechanics\\\" on the challenges and the need for a regular service. In the 1930s, under the direction of Juan Trippe, Pan American World Airways began to get interested in the feasibility of a transatlantic passenger service using seaplanes. On 5 July 1937, A.S. Wilcockson flew a Short Empire for Imperial Airways from Foynes to Botwood, Newfoundland and Harold Gray piloted a Sikorsky S-42 for Pan American in the opposite direction. Both flights were a success and both airlines made a series of subsequent proving flights that same year to test out\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"Norwegian became the largest European airline for New York, carrying 1.67 million passengers over a year, beating British Airways’s 1.63 million, while the U.S. major carriers combined transported 26.1 million transatlantic passengers. Unlike over land, transatlantic flights use standardized aircraft routes called North Atlantic Tracks (NATs). These change daily in position (although altitudes are standardized) to compensate for weather—particularly the jet stream tailwinds and headwinds, which may be substantial at cruising altitudes and have a strong influence on trip duration and fuel economy. Eastbound flights generally operate during night-time hours, while westbound flights generally operate during daytime hours, for passenger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second Person Singular (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Amir (under Yonathan's name) made there is a photograph of a naked woman who, he would swear, was Laila. \\\"Second Person Singular\\\" was well received, both in the Israeli and the International press. \\\"Second Person Singular\\\" has won the Bernstein Prize in 2011. It was shortlisted for the Sapir Prize in 2010. Second Person Singular (novel) Second Person Singular is a 2010 novel by the Arab Israeli writer Sayed Kashua. Kashua explores the identity of Arabs who are assimilated in Israeli culture; Arabs that speak Hebrew and had their education at Israeli institutes. \\\"Second Person Singular\\\" follows two Arab men,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17582443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Person to Person\",\n \"text\": \"interviews with George Clooney, Jon Bon Jovi, and Warren Buffett. The premiere attracted 5.9 million viewers, less than a third of the viewers watching \\\"American Idol\\\" and fewer than the 8.44 million who watched \\\"The Middle\\\"; it outrated \\\"One Tree Hill\\\" and \\\"Whitney\\\", though the latter attracted a larger share of the 18–49 audience. Had the two specially-scheduled episodes been well-received, \\\"Person to Person\\\" could have become a regularly scheduled series. The second episode aired on November 23, 2012 (Black Friday), featuring Sean Penn, Alicia Keys and Drew Brees. Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6373138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian\",\n \"text\": \"Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian is a 1972 double album collecting many of the few recordings that captured performances by Charlie Christian. Most of the selections are from sessions with Benny Goodman's bands. Until the advent of CD, it was considered to be the definitive \\\"Charlie Christian\\\" collection On some tunes, the producers spliced various takes together to include more of Christian's solos, or to create a better overall tune. Track 1 Side 1 recorded in New York, 2 October 1939. Tracks 2 & 3 Side 1 recorded in New York\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12595613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian\",\n \"text\": \"partial takes, and sometimes warm-ups, onto acetate discs. These two performances were culled from one such disc. Personnel (\\\"Charlie Christian Jammers\\\"): Track 7, Side 4 recorded in New York, 13 Mar 1941. Personnel (Benny Goodman and His Sextet featuring Count Basie): Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian is a 1972 double album collecting many of the few recordings that captured performances by Charlie Christian. Most of the selections are from sessions with Benny Goodman's bands. Until the advent of CD, it was considered to be the definitive \\\"Charlie Christian\\\" collection On some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12595617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"with intermediate stops at Foynes, Ireland, Botwood, Newfoundland, and Shediac, New Brunswick. Its first passenger flight was on 9 July, and this continued until the onset of the Second World War. The \\\"Clipper\\\" fleet was then pressed into military service and the flying boats were used for ferrying personnel and equipment to the European and Pacific fronts. In 1938 a Lufthansa Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor long range airliner flew non-stop from Berlin to New York and returned non-stop as a proving flight for the development of passenger carrying services. This was the first landplane to fulfil this function and marked\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Transatlantic Review\",\n \"text\": \"magazine was funded by John Quinn, who had been persuaded by Ezra Pound to give money to Ford for the publication of a literary magazine. Ernest Hemingway was the guest editor of the August 1924 edition. In 1959, Joseph F. McCrindle founded a literary magazine and named it the \\\"Transatlantic Review\\\" in honour of Ford's 1924 magazine. The Transatlantic Review The Transatlantic Review (often styled the transatlantic review) was an influential monthly literary magazine edited by Ford Madox Ford in 1924. The magazine was based in Paris but was published in London by Gerald Duckworth and Company. Although it published\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15462818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown\",\n \"text\": \"a few days later by King George V. Alcock and Brown flew to Manchester on 17 July 1919, where they were given a civic reception by the Lord Mayor and Corporation, and awards to mark their achievement. Alcock was killed on 18 December 1919 when he crashed near Rouen whilst flying the new Vickers Viking amphibian to the Paris Airshow. Brown died on 4 October 1948. Two memorials commemorating the flight are sited near the landing spot in County Galway, Ireland. The first is an isolated cairn four kilometres south of Clifden on the site of Marconi's first transatlantic wireless\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2356627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First solo flight\",\n \"text\": \"In the United States, for most aircraft, there is no FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) requirement for a minimum number of hours. Per FAR Part 61 SFAR 73 section 2, Robinson helicopters have a 20-hour requirement to solo. However the regulations do require that a student pilot show competency in several specific skills to include, for example, the ability to forward slip. In practice, competence is mostly a judgment call of the Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI) responsible for the student. Typically, it takes from 10 to 30 hours of flight time before a pilot has the instinctive feel of an aircraft\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8232612\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First solo flight\",\n \"text\": \"to be safe flying solo in other than perfect (no wind) weather. In some cases, when the student is given permission to fly alone the instructor directs the student to fly three circuits of the traffic pattern each accompanied by a full stop landing. During the first circuit, the solo, the student's Flight instructor may supervise the student's performance from the ground, paying close attention to the approach and landing. Some instructors keep a radio handy, if there is one in the aircraft, in case the student pilot should need assistance or advice. Several traditions have developed in the United\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8232613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo Flight (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"portion contains instruments. The game allows flying by both visual flight rules and instrument flight rules. In Mail Pilot, the player delivers five bags of mail to destination airports chosen from the twenty-one airports in the game. A score is given based on navigation and time. While en route, the plane may suffer mechanical and instrument failures. Writing for \\\"ANALOG Computing\\\", editor Lee Pappas wrote, \\\"the graphics are somewhat rough, and the control panel is not up to what it should be (there is no stall indicator, and non-standard VORS),\\\" but still concluded, \\\"As a whole, Solo Flight is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9503153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo to Sydney\",\n \"text\": \"Moth\\\" after his airplane. Solo to Sydney Solo to Sydney is a book by Sir Francis Chichester about his solo flight in the 1920s from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.60 Moth biplane. The book was first published in 1930 and subsequent editions have been published by Stein and Day. Chichester had relatively little flying experience when he undertook this epic voyage and the book recalls his experiences in dealing with bad weather, poor, or non-existent navigational aids and maps and his journey in general. Chichester was even more famous for his yachting achievements in a series of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14526556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo to Sydney\",\n \"text\": \"Solo to Sydney Solo to Sydney is a book by Sir Francis Chichester about his solo flight in the 1920s from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.60 Moth biplane. The book was first published in 1930 and subsequent editions have been published by Stein and Day. Chichester had relatively little flying experience when he undertook this epic voyage and the book recalls his experiences in dealing with bad weather, poor, or non-existent navigational aids and maps and his journey in general. Chichester was even more famous for his yachting achievements in a series of boats he named \\\"Gypsy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14526555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Make a Match\",\n \"text\": \"10:30 p.m. time slot from 7 December 1954 where it was broadcast on alternate weeks until its last episode on 15 February 1955. \\\"House Party\\\" was broadcast on the other Tuesdays. Make a Match Make a Match was a Canadian game show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955. In each episode of this Montreal-produced series, a four-person panel was faced with another group of seven people which included three couples and a seventh person who was frequently disguised. The panel attempted to determine who the couples were in the seven-person group. The panel itself consisted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14790279\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Make a Match\",\n \"text\": \"Make a Match Make a Match was a Canadian game show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955. In each episode of this Montreal-produced series, a four-person panel was faced with another group of seven people which included three couples and a seventh person who was frequently disguised. The panel attempted to determine who the couples were in the seven-person group. The panel itself consisted of male and female married people plus single people, also of each gender. This half-hour series aired Saturdays at 7:00 p.m. from 6 to 28 November 1954, moving to the Tuesday\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14790278\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"a departure from the British and American reliance on seaplanes for long over-water routes. A regular Lufthansa Transatlantic service was planned but didn't start before World War II. It was from the emergency exigencies of World War II that the crossing of the Atlantic by landplane became a practical and commonplace possibility. With the Fall of France in June 1940, and the loss of much war materiel on the continent, the need for the British to purchase replacement materiel from the United States was urgent. The aircraft – such as the Lockheed Hudson – purchased in the United States by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Elements (Second Person album)\",\n \"text\": \"The Elements (Second Person album) The Elements is a special edition Post Trip Hop album produced by Second Person for Sellaband and was released on 9 August 2007. This is the follow-up to the band's debut album, \\\"Chromatography\\\", and was written by Julia Johnson, Mark Maclaine and Álvaro López at their studio in West London, UK. This album contains an exclusive set of tracks written for \\\"believers\\\" on the online music community, Sellaband. Using the website, fans raised a total of $50,000 to fund the album and since Second Person were the first UK band to achieve this goal the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9627290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic Records\",\n \"text\": \"Geesin, and The Purple Gang, whose \\\"Granny Takes A Trip\\\" was banned by the BBC in 1967. CBS had released the extremely successful contemporary music budget sampler with The Rock Machine Turns You On in 1967. Before CBS could follow up, Transatlantic released \\\"Listen Here!\\\" early in 1968. Like 'Rock Machine' the record was priced at 14/11d (£0.75) – but Transatlantic took promotion one stage further by not only printing the track listing on the front, but also the price. The record was designed to preview not only the forthcoming Pentangle double album, but solo records by members Bert Jansch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2259300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\",\n \"text\": \"Female Vocal Performance\\\" Grammy nomination. You Make Me Want to Make You Mine \\\"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\\\" is a song written by Dave Loggins, and recorded by American country music artist Juice Newton. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from the album \\\"Old Flame\\\". \\\"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\\\" was Juice Newton's second number 1 hit on the U.S. Country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number 1 for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. In 1986, the song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14133404\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\",\n \"text\": \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine \\\"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\\\" is a song written by Dave Loggins, and recorded by American country music artist Juice Newton. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from the album \\\"Old Flame\\\". \\\"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\\\" was Juice Newton's second number 1 hit on the U.S. Country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number 1 for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. In 1986, the song garnered Newton her fifth \\\"Best\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14133403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic (Chris Potter album)\",\n \"text\": \"will have their ears opened by this outstanding progressive release\\\". All About Jazz correspondent John Kelman observed \\\"\\\"Transatlantic\\\" may wax heavy on the solo front, but it's always in service of Potter's detailed charts, which demonstrate continued growth as a writer/arranger. He may largely work in small group contexts, but Transatlantic proves Potter's increasing mettle as a leader in any context, as compelling for its long-form charts as it is its ever-perfect capacity to inspire expansive but always completely relevant improvisation\\\". All compositions by Chris Potter Transatlantic (Chris Potter album) Transatlantic is an album by jazz saxophonist Chris Potter with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20526538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic crossing\",\n \"text\": \"first woman to accomplish this feat. On October 26, 2010, the Polish sexagenarian Aleksander Doba was the first recorded individual to complete a non-stop transatlantic crossing by kayak. He departed Dakar, Senegal and arrived in Brazil 99 days later. In 1997, the first East–West Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from the Canary Islands to the Caribbean. It now runs once every two years or so. In 2006, the first West–East North Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from New York City to Falmouth, Cornwall in the UK. Transatlantic flight surpassed ocean liners as the predominant mode of crossing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2070297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Makers: Women Who Make America\",\n \"text\": \"Makers: Women Who Make America Makers: Women Who Make America is a 2013 documentary film about the struggle for women's equality in the United States during the last five decades of the 20th century. The film was narrated by Meryl Streep and distributed by the Public Broadcasting Service as a three-part, three-hour television documentary in February 2013. \\\"Makers\\\" features interviews with women from all social strata, from politicians like Hillary Clinton and television stars like Ellen DeGeneres and Oprah Winfrey, to flight attendants, coal miners and phone company workers. In 2014, PBS commissioned season 2 of \\\"Makers: Women Who Make\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16933741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"South America and Africa. German airlines, such as \\\"Deutsche Luft Hansa\\\", experimented with mail routes over the North Atlantic in the early 1930s, with seaplanes and dirigibles. In the 1930s, a seaplane route was the only practical means of transatlantic air travel, as land-based planes lacked sufficient flying range for the crossing. An agreement between the governments of the US, Britain, Canada and the Irish Free State in 1935 set aside the Irish town of Foynes, the most westerly port in Ireland, as the terminal for all such services to be established. Imperial Airways had bought the Short Empire seaplane,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"45 airports in North America, the busiest linked to Europe was New York John F. Kennedy International Airport with 198,442 seats, followed by Toronto Pearson International Airport with 90,982, New York Newark Liberty International Airport with 79,107, and Chicago O'Hare International Airport with 75,391 seats. Joint ventures, allowing coordination on prices, schedules, and strategy, control almost 75% of Transatlantic capacity. They are parallel to airline alliances: British Airways, Iberia and American Airlines are part of Oneworld; Lufthansa, Air Canada and United Airlines are members of Star Alliance; and Delta Air Lines, Air France, KLM and Alitalia belong to SkyTeam. Low\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"AW.23. Handley Page Harrows were used in the 1939 trials to aerial refuel the Empire flying boats for regular transatlantic crossings. From 5 August – 1 October 1939, sixteen crossings of the Atlantic were made by Empire flying boats, with fifteen crossings using FRL's aerial refueling system. After the sixteen crossings further trials were suspended due to the outbreak of World War II. The Short S.26 was built in 1939 as an enlarged Short Empire, powered by four 1,400 hp (1,044 kW) Bristol Hercules sleeve valve radial engines and designed with the capability of crossing the Atlantic without refuelling. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"April 1954 after four Comets crashed, the last two being BOAC aircraft at altitude. Later jet airliners including the larger and longer-range Comet 4 were designed to be fail-safe: in the event of for example a skin-failure due to cracking the damage would be localized and not catastrophic. On 4 October 1958, BOAC started transatlantic flights between London Heathrow and New York Idlewild with a Comet 4, and Pan Am followed on 26 October with a Boeing 707 service between New York and Paris. Supersonic flights on the Concorde were offered from 1976 to 2003, from London (by British Airways)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"decades before commercial flights could become practical. The North Atlantic presented severe challenges for aviators due to weather and the long distances involved, with few stopping points. Initial transatlantic services, therefore, focused on the South Atlantic, where a number of French, German, and Italian airlines offered seaplane service for mail between South America and West Africa in the 1930s. From February 1934 to August 1939 Deutsche Lufthansa operated a regular airmail service between Natal, Brazil, and Bathurst, Gambia, continuing \\\"via\\\" the Canary Islands and Spain to Stuttgart, Germany. From December 1935, \\\"Air France\\\" opened a regular weekly airmail route between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"Edinburgh to Stewart Airport, New York. Long-Haul low-cost carriers are emerging on the transatlantic market with 545,000 seats offered over 60 city pairs in September 2017 (a 66% growth over one year), compared to 652,000 seats over 96 pairs for Leisure airlines and 8,798,000 seats over 357 pairs for mainline carriers. LCC seat grew to 7.7% of North Atlantic seats in 2018 from 3.0% in 2016, led by Norwegian with 4.8% then WOW air with 1.6% and WestJet with 0.6%, while the three airline alliances dedicated joint ventures seat share is 72.3%, down from 79.8% in 2015. By July 2018,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163759\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second Person Singular (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"Second Person Singular (novel) Second Person Singular is a 2010 novel by the Arab Israeli writer Sayed Kashua. Kashua explores the identity of Arabs who are assimilated in Israeli culture; Arabs that speak Hebrew and had their education at Israeli institutes. \\\"Second Person Singular\\\" follows two Arab men, a successful criminal attorney and a social worker, whose fates meet in a curious way. The lawyer has a flourishing office in West Jerusalem where he has two fellow Arabs jurists working for him: Tariq and Samaah. Tariq also works as a criminal attorney, Samaah works as his secretary. Although Samaah studied\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17582438\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Flying Irishman\",\n \"text\": \"with Henry as a barn-stormer to finance a transatlantic attempt, but Henry eventually tires of the drudgery of eking out a living day to day. Doug learns about a new commercial airline route to Ireland and decides to make a solo flight to prove his qualifications. In New York, after his plane is grounded by an inspector, Doug's brother arranges a return flight to San Diego, lifting the flight ban. Once in the air, Doug instead heads off to Ireland, and, 28 hours later, makes it successfully to Dublin. When Doug rejects an airline offer of a job as vice-president\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5882683\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second Person (band)\",\n \"text\": \"Second Person (band) Second Person were a British band that existed for 10 years between 2001 and 2011 and mixed influences from trip hop, jazz, hip hop and electronica to form post-trip hop. In late 2001, singer Julia Johnson and producer/bassist Mark Maclaine met, and early the following year formed the band Second Person. Drummer Álvaro López was recruited in mid-2004 to complete the final line up and their debut album \\\"Chromatography\\\" was released later that year. It went on to sell out of its initial white-label run in United Kingdom, USA and Australia through word of mouth and publicity\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9177204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"home Commands. With the entry of the United States into the War, the Atlantic Division of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command began similar ferrying services to transport aircraft, supplies and passengers to the British Isles. By September 1944 British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), as Imperial Airways had by then become, had made 1,000 transatlantic crossings. After World War II long runways were available, and North American and European carriers such as Pan Am, TWA, Trans Canada Airlines (TCA), BOAC, and Air France acquired larger piston airliners that could cross the North Atlantic with stops (usually in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second Flight: Live at the Z7\",\n \"text\": \"Second Flight: Live at the Z7 Second Flight: Live at the Z7 is the second live album by American progressive rock supergroup Flying Colors. The band recorded it on October 12, 2014 at the Z7 Konzertfabrik in Pratteln, Switzerland. Mike Portnoy chose the location because both Flying Colors and other bands of his had recorded multiple shows at the 013 in Tilburg. It was a challenging show for the band to perform because this was only the eighth show on the tour. The album title was coined by Portnoy. Bernhard Baran, who had filmed and edited Flying Colors' Live in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19160591\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic Climate Bridge\",\n \"text\": \"entails cooperation between US and German officials in matters of confronting climate change. It aims to develop novel ways to reduce emissions and to improve energy efficiency. Transatlantic Climate Bridge The Transatlantic Climate Bridge is a climate partnership between Germany and the United States. The partnership was first proposed by German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in an April 2008 lecture at Harvard University. He believed that climate policy was the core of transatlantic matters. On 29 September 2008, he and German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel wrote in the \\\"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung\\\", \\\"Together with the United States, we can make the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15367790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic Climate Bridge\",\n \"text\": \"Transatlantic Climate Bridge The Transatlantic Climate Bridge is a climate partnership between Germany and the United States. The partnership was first proposed by German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in an April 2008 lecture at Harvard University. He believed that climate policy was the core of transatlantic matters. On 29 September 2008, he and German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel wrote in the \\\"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung\\\", \\\"Together with the United States, we can make the technological breakthroughs required and successfully negotiate a follow-up treaty to the Kyoto Protocol. Only if we work closely with our partners on the other side of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15367788\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"the keel walkway. The return journey to Pulham in Norfolk, England, was from 10 to 13 July and it took 75 hours. The first transpolar flight eastbound and the first flight crossing the Northpole ever, was the Norwegian explorer and pilot Roald Amundsen on 11 May 1926. He flew with the airship \\\"NORGE\\\" (\\\"Norway\\\") piloted by the Italian colonel Umberto Nobile, non-stop from Svalbard in Norway to Teller in Alaska, USA. The flight lasted for 72 hours. The first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic was made by the Portuguese naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in 1922. Coutinho\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163728\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First solo flight\",\n \"text\": \"air traffic controllers are not pilots and may not be contactable anyway). Depending on the country, there may be a requirement for some minimum number of training hours to have been completed by the student pilot before he or she is allowed to solo. In most countries, it is assumed that such students will be familiar with (and may have to pass an examination on) the relevant Air Laws or Regulations, and will have completed exercises in handling aircraft in normal conditions, and also what to do in the case of engine failure on takeoff, in flight, and before landing.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8232611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First solo flight\",\n \"text\": \"States around \\\"soloing\\\", including drenching the student with water and cutting off and permanently displaying the back of his or her shirt. In American aviation lore, the traditional removal of a new pilot's shirt tail is a sign of the instructor's new confidence in his student after successful completion of the first solo flight. In the days of tandem trainers, the student sat in the front seat, with the instructor behind. As there were often no radios in these early days of aviation, the instructor would tug on the student pilot's shirttail to get his attention, and then yell in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8232614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Elements (Second Person album)\",\n \"text\": \"guest animators will also join the team for different sections of the story and the new videos are due for release throughout the remainder of 2007. The Elements (Second Person album) The Elements is a special edition Post Trip Hop album produced by Second Person for Sellaband and was released on 9 August 2007. This is the follow-up to the band's debut album, \\\"Chromatography\\\", and was written by Julia Johnson, Mark Maclaine and Álvaro López at their studio in West London, UK. This album contains an exclusive set of tracks written for \\\"believers\\\" on the online music community, Sellaband. Using\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9627293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person\",\n \"text\": \"I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \\\"Modra\\\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \\\"Modra\\\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker, like herself, and the filmmaker's daughter, Sara, is played by Veninger's real life daughter Hallie Switzer.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16430692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Solo: A Star Wars Story\",\n \"text\": \"only $392.9 million worldwide. On the planet Corellia, orphaned children are made to steal to survive. Lovers Han and Qi'ra make an escape from a local gang. They bribe an Imperial officer with stolen coaxium, a powerful hyperspace fuel, for passage on an outgoing transport, but Qi'ra is apprehended before she can board. Han vows to return for her and joins the Imperial Navy as a flight cadet. When the recruiting officer asks for his surname, Han says he is alone with no family, so the recruiter gives him the last name \\\"Solo\\\". Three years later, Han is expelled from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19825964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"Vickers Vimy IV twin-engined bomber in the competition but had not yet found a pilot. Alcock's enthusiasm impressed Vickers's team, and he was appointed as its pilot. Work began on converting the Vimy for the long flight, replacing its bomb racks with extra petrol tanks. Shortly afterwards Brown, who was unemployed, approached Vickers seeking a post and his knowledge of long distance navigation convinced them to take him on as Alcock's navigator. Vickers's team quickly assembled its plane and at around 1:45 p.m. on 14 June, while the Handley Page team was conducting yet another test, the Vickers plane took\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163724\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Make a Wish (Vic Chou album)\",\n \"text\": \"Make a Wish (Vic Chou album) Make a Wish is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Vic Chou's, of boy band F4, debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 11 January 2002 by Sony Music Taiwan. Chou was the first of the F4 members to release a solo album. A second limited edition was released on 26 February 2002 The track, \\\"Make A Wish\\\" is listed at number 76 on Hit Fm Taiwan's \\\"Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart\\\" (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2002. The album was awarded one of the \\\"Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year\\\" at the 2002\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15474816\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Make a Wish (Vic Chou album)\",\n \"text\": \"IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI. Make a Wish (Vic Chou album) Make a Wish is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Vic Chou's, of boy band F4, debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 11 January 2002 by Sony Music Taiwan. Chou was the first of the F4 members to release a solo album. A second limited edition was released on 26 February 2002 The track, \\\"Make A Wish\\\" is listed at number 76 on Hit Fm Taiwan's \\\"Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart\\\" (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2002. The album was awarded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15474817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic flight\",\n \"text\": \"of Alcock and Brown, on 2 July 1919. Major George Herbert Scott of the Royal Air Force flew the airship R34 with his crew and passengers from RAF East Fortune, Scotland to Mineola, New York (on Long Island), covering a distance of about 3,000 statute miles (4,800 km) in about four and a half days. The flight was intended as a testing ground for postwar commercial services by airship (see Imperial Airship Scheme), and it was the first flight to transport paying passengers. The R34 wasn't built as a passenger carrier, and extra accommodation was arranged by slinging hammocks in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3163727\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And Who Will Make the Chapatis?\",\n \"text\": \"And Who Will Make the Chapatis? And Who Will Make the Chapatis? is an overview of the all-women political panchayats formed in Maharashtra, India, where policy changes in the latter half of the 20th century explicitly created space for women in local, rural government, and gave their governing bodies funds and a mandate to oversee certain local works. The book, first published in 1998, includes reports from the field by Meenakshi Shedde, Sonali Sathaye, Sharmila Joshi, and Bishakha Datta, and was edited by Datta. A second print run was produced in 2001. The book is regularly cited as a detailed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14436369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"And Who Will Make the Chapatis?\",\n \"text\": \"Bhende Khurd that were active at the time of publication. And Who Will Make the Chapatis? And Who Will Make the Chapatis? is an overview of the all-women political panchayats formed in Maharashtra, India, where policy changes in the latter half of the 20th century explicitly created space for women in local, rural government, and gave their governing bodies funds and a mandate to oversee certain local works. The book, first published in 1998, includes reports from the field by Meenakshi Shedde, Sonali Sathaye, Sharmila Joshi, and Bishakha Datta, and was edited by Datta. A second print run was produced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14436371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George E. A. Hallett\",\n \"text\": \"George E. A. Hallett Colonel George Eustace Amyot Hallett (May 9, 1890 – June 2, 1982) was a pioneer aviator. He and John Cyril Porte planned to make the first transatlantic flight. They were going to use a flying boat commissioned by Rodman Wanamaker, but were prevented by the start of World War I. In 1919 the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown set the record that they hoped to achieve. He was born on May 9, 1890 in Cheltenham, England to Marmaduke James Hallett (1854-1928) of England and Alida Clara Bealy (1858-1939) of Christchurch, New Zealand. He had a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15536366\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George E. A. Hallett\",\n \"text\": \"Wanamaker's \\\"America\\\" flying boat. He died on June 2, 1982 in San Diego, California. His papers are archived at the San Diego Air and Space Museum. George E. A. Hallett Colonel George Eustace Amyot Hallett (May 9, 1890 – June 2, 1982) was a pioneer aviator. He and John Cyril Porte planned to make the first transatlantic flight. They were going to use a flying boat commissioned by Rodman Wanamaker, but were prevented by the start of World War I. In 1919 the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown set the record that they hoped to achieve. He was born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15536368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second Person (band)\",\n \"text\": \"of big change in the music industry, and although sometimes scary, it also allowed us to do things our own way. Something that kept us going was the support and love of a core group of dedicated fans. You are those people and we wanted to thank you for being there for us.\\\" Second Person (band) Second Person were a British band that existed for 10 years between 2001 and 2011 and mixed influences from trip hop, jazz, hip hop and electronica to form post-trip hop. In late 2001, singer Julia Johnson and producer/bassist Mark Maclaine met, and early the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9177208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Flight to Remember\",\n \"text\": \"A Flight to Remember \\\"A Flight to Remember\\\" is episode ten in the first production season of \\\"Futurama\\\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 26, 1999, as the first episode in the second season. This episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Peter Avanzino. Dawnn Lewis guest stars in this episode as LaBarbara Conrad. The episode is a direct parody of the 1997 film \\\"Titanic\\\", while the title is a reference to Walter Lord's non-fiction book about the Titanic disaster \\\"A Night to Remember\\\". Fry, Leela, and Bender hand their resignations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6606032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"KLM Flight 607-E\",\n \"text\": \"KLM Flight 607-E KLM Flight 607-E, a Lockheed Super Constellation named \\\"Hugo de Groot\\\" and registered was an international scheduled flight that crashed west of Shannon, Ireland on 14 August 1958. All ninety-one passengers and eight crew died in the accident, including six members of the Egyptian fencing team (Osman Abdel Hafeez, Mohamed Ali Riad, Ahmed Sabry, et al.). The \\\"E\\\" in the flight number stood for the designation of being an extra economy class flight to match the increased seasonal tourist demand. Flight 607-E departed Shannon at 3:05 UTC on the second leg of a transatlantic trip from Amsterdam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8195530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Flight to Remember\",\n \"text\": \"used it in later episodes. Recurring characters Leo and Inez Wong, and LaBarbara Conrad were first introduced in the episode. A Flight to Remember \\\"A Flight to Remember\\\" is episode ten in the first production season of \\\"Futurama\\\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 26, 1999, as the first episode in the second season. This episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Peter Avanzino. Dawnn Lewis guest stars in this episode as LaBarbara Conrad. The episode is a direct parody of the 1997 film \\\"Titanic\\\", while the title is a reference\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6606038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Flight Across the Ocean\",\n \"text\": \"(1987) The Flight Across the Ocean The Flight across the Ocean () is a \\\"Lehrstück\\\" by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, inspired by \\\"We\\\", Charles Lindbergh's 1927 account of his transatlantic flight. Written for the Baden-Baden Music Festival, it was originally entitled \\\"Lindbergh's Flight\\\" (\\\"Der Lindberghflug\\\") and premiered in 1929 with music by Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in a broadcast by the Frankfurter Rundfunk-Symphonie-Orchester under the direction of Hermann Scherchen and produced by Ernst Hardt. Shortly afterwards, Weill replaced the Hindemith sections with his own music and this new version (described as a 'cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra')\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10747476\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Flight Across the Ocean\",\n \"text\": \"The Flight Across the Ocean The Flight across the Ocean () is a \\\"Lehrstück\\\" by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, inspired by \\\"We\\\", Charles Lindbergh's 1927 account of his transatlantic flight. Written for the Baden-Baden Music Festival, it was originally entitled \\\"Lindbergh's Flight\\\" (\\\"Der Lindberghflug\\\") and premiered in 1929 with music by Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in a broadcast by the Frankfurter Rundfunk-Symphonie-Orchester under the direction of Hermann Scherchen and produced by Ernst Hardt. Shortly afterwards, Weill replaced the Hindemith sections with his own music and this new version (described as a 'cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra') opened\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10747474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Person to Person (film)\",\n \"text\": \"Person to Person (film) Person to Person is an American drama film directed and written by Dustin Guy Defa. The film stars Michael Cera, Tavi Gevinson, and Abbi Jacobson. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2017. It was released on July 28, 2017, by Magnolia Pictures. During a day in New York City, a reporter trains a new employee while covering a story about a possible murder where a watch repairman may have important information; a record collector finds a rare piece of vinyl; two brothers track down their sister's ex-boyfriend who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19191299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening\",\n \"text\": \"Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening (1944) is a surrealist painting by Salvador Dalí. A short, alternate title for the painting is Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee. It was painted in 1944, while Dalí and his wife, Gala, were living in America. In this \\\"hand-painted dream photograph\\\", as Dalí generally called his paintings, there is a seascape of distant horizons and calm waters, perhaps Port Lligat, amidst which Gala is the subject of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3396774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Transatlantic Review\",\n \"text\": \"The Transatlantic Review The Transatlantic Review (often styled the transatlantic review) was an influential monthly literary magazine edited by Ford Madox Ford in 1924. The magazine was based in Paris but was published in London by Gerald Duckworth and Company. Although it published only 12 issues—one in each month in 1924—the magazine had an influential impact on early 20th-century English literature by publishing works such as an early extract from James Joyce's \\\"Finnegans Wake\\\". The magazine also contained works by Djuna Barnes, Jean Cassou, Hilda Doolittle, Ernest Hemingway, Selma Lagerlof, Jean Rhys, Gertrude Stein, and Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15462817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic crossing\",\n \"text\": \"optic cable, TAT-8, was installed in 1988. The exchange rate between the United States dollar and British pound is still colloquially known as \\\"cable\\\" by financial marketeers, from the early use of the transatlantic cable for this purpose. Transatlantic radio communication was first accomplished on December 12, 1901 by Guglielmo Marconi who, using a temporary receiving station at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, received a Morse code signal representing the letter \\\"S\\\" sent from Poldhu, in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Guglielmo Marconi initiated commercial transatlantic radio communications between his high power long wave wireless telegraphy stations in Clifden Ireland and Glace Bay, Nova\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2070304\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Chance to Make History\",\n \"text\": \"A Chance to Make History A Chance to Make History: What Works and What Doesn't in Providing an Excellent Education for All () is a book by Wendy Kopp, CEO and Founder of Teach For America, that was published by PublicAffairs in January 2011. In \\\"A Chance to Make History\\\", Kopp draws on examples of effective teachers, schools, and districts to demonstrate what she believes is needed to provide all children with a \\\"transformational\\\" education. \\\"A Chance to Make History\\\" is the second book by Wendy Kopp. Her first book, titled \\\"One Day, All Children: The Unlikely Triumph of Teach\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15478204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Right to Make Transmittable\",\n \"text\": \"who infringes the right pursuant to Article 709 of the Civil Code of Japan, a provision of tort. Unauthorized use of other's work is to obtain profit without any legitimate reason and the holder of the right to make transmittable may make a claim for unjust enrichment pursuant to Article 703 of the Civil Code of Japan. The person who infringes the right to make transmittable shall be punishable by imprisonment with work for a term not more than ten years or by a fine of not more than ten million Yen, or by both. As mentioned above, under the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15338120\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic crossing\",\n \"text\": \"transatlantic radio communication between the UK to Canada using his \\\"Beam Wireless Service\\\" which went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926. Shortwave radio vastly increased the speed and capacity of transatlantic communications at dramatically reduced cost compared to telegraph cable and long wave radio. Telstar was the first communications satellite to provide commercial transatlantic communications. It was launched by on July 10, 1962, the first privately sponsored space launch. Communications satellites vastly increased the speed and quality of transatlantic communication, but transatlantic fiber optic cables have carried the vast majority of transatlantic communications traffic since the early 1990s. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2070306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lithuanians in Ireland\",\n \"text\": \"Vaitkus, the sixth person who had a successful flight over Atlantic Ocean with a single engine single seat fixed-wing aircraft, landed in Ireland. Vaitkus flew his transatlantic flight with \\\"Lituanica II\\\". Vaitkus had to fight the worst possible weather conditions and was helped considerably by hourly broadcasts from an Irish radio station. He learned that Dublin was fogged in, as well as all areas heading east as far as the Baltic Sea. He knew that he could not make it to Kaunas due to his low fuel supply, and being exhausted after a 23-hour struggle fighting the elements, he felt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7364233\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic crossing\",\n \"text\": \"have largely taken over on transatlantic routes from quad-engine jets, whilst the supersonic Concorde was ultimately doomed by its high running costs, leading to its retirement in 2003. Transatlantic cables are cables that have been laid along the ocean floor to connect North America and Europe. Before the advent of radio, the only means of communication across the Atlantic Ocean was to physically connect the continents with a transatlantic telegraph cable, the first of which was installed from Valentia, Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland in 1858. The first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT-1, was installed in 1955. The first transatlantic fiber\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2070303\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Transatlantic Records\",\n \"text\": \"Transatlantic Records Transatlantic Records was a British independent record label. The company was established in 1961, primarily as an importer of American folk, blues and jazz records by many of the artists who influenced the burgeoning British folk and blues boom. Within a few years, the company had started recording British artists. The company's philosophy was intentionally eclectic. The label was founded by Englishman Nat Joseph who started the company at the age of 21 after visiting the US and realizing that there was a wealth of music that was not being made available in the UK to British music\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2259296\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pan Am Flight 103\",\n \"text\": \"the Boeing 747, which was cut into several pieces to assist in removal from Tundergarth Hill. Pan Am Flight 103 Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York. On 21 December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft operating the transatlantic leg of the route was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew – a disaster known as the Lockerbie bombing. Large sections of the aircraft crashed onto residential areas of Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 11 people on the ground. Following a three-year joint investigation by Dumfries\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7956887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Atlantic Flight\",\n \"text\": \"the weekend after shooting wrapped. Merrill made two more transatlantic flights, the last of these, on May 14, 1937, set the new record at 24 hours, 25 seconds. Strictly a \\\"B\\\" feature, the \\\"Atlantic Flight\\\" is best considered a historical record, with a great deal of aviation footage of the period to commend it. Atlantic Flight Atlantic Flight is a 1937 film made by Monogram Pictures chiefs Trem Carr and W. Ray Johnston who had just reformed the studio after having had a troubled merger for two years with Herbert J. Yates and Republic Pictures. This film was conceived as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15201171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second Flight: Live at the Z7\",\n \"text\": \"and applying it to all the tracks of Second Flight: Live at the Z7. Mouser spent 34 days creating four separate mixes and 10 separate masters, and then mastered each recording. Three live music videos were released at 4K resolution: “Mask Machine”, \\\"Kayla\\\", and \\\"Bombs Away.\\\" Second Flight: Live at the Z7 Second Flight: Live at the Z7 is the second live album by American progressive rock supergroup Flying Colors. The band recorded it on October 12, 2014 at the Z7 Konzertfabrik in Pratteln, Switzerland. Mike Portnoy chose the location because both Flying Colors and other bands of his had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19160595\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Floyd Bennett Field\",\n \"text\": \"would not be complete until 1932 and would cost $4.5 million. Floyd Bennett Field was formally dedicated again on May 23, 1931, upon its official completion. At the time, the Administration Building was almost finished, and the United States Navy was to occupy part of the airfield. The dedication was attended by 25,000 people, including Chamberlain; Byrd; Captain John H. Towers, who flew the first transatlantic flight; F. Trubee Davison, the assistant United States Secretary of the Army for Aviation; and Colonel Charles Lindbergh, who flew the first solo transatlantic flight. Many of the attendees were also there to view\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2114351\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["amelia airheart","amelia airhardt","disappearance of amelia earhart","amelia airhart","amelia erhart","emelia earhart","amelia mary earhart","amelia aerhart","amelia erhardt","amelia earheart","amelia earnhart","amelia earhart putnam","emelia airheart","amelia earhart","amielia earhart","amelia airhart","amelia earhardt","amelia earhart life summary","amelia earhart","amelia airheart"],"string":"[\n \"amelia airheart\",\n \"amelia airhardt\",\n \"disappearance of amelia earhart\",\n \"amelia airhart\",\n \"amelia erhart\",\n \"emelia earhart\",\n \"amelia mary earhart\",\n \"amelia aerhart\",\n \"amelia erhardt\",\n \"amelia earheart\",\n \"amelia earnhart\",\n \"amelia earhart putnam\",\n \"emelia airheart\",\n \"amelia earhart\",\n \"amielia earhart\",\n \"amelia airhart\",\n \"amelia earhardt\",\n \"amelia earhart life summary\",\n \"amelia earhart\",\n \"amelia airheart\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":589,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the third wife of the leader of china's long march?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Long March","text":"drive the Kuomintang out of Mainland China to the island of Taiwan. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Long March has been glorified as an example of the Communist Party's strength and resilience. The Long March solidified Mao's status as the undisputed leader of the CPC. Other participants in the March also went on to become prominent party leaders, including Zhu De, Lin Biao, Liu Shaoqi, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Yang Shangkun, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. The Chinese government produced a movie in 2006, \"My Long March\", relating personal experiences of","psg_id":"658425"},{"title":"Long March","text":"was replaced by Zhang). This marked Mao's position as the pre-eminent leader of the Party, with Zhou in a position second to Mao. Both Mao and Zhou would retain their positions until their deaths, in 1976. While costly, the Long March gave the Communist Party of China (CCP) the isolation it needed, allowing its army to recuperate and rebuild in the north of China. It also was vital in helping the CCP to gain a positive reputation among the peasants due to the determination and dedication of the surviving participants of the Long March. Mao wrote in 1935: The Long","psg_id":"658422"},{"title":"Leader of the Communist Party of China","text":"never served as Chairman or General Secretary, his highest post being Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission. References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CPC leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below: Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \"by right of office\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's","psg_id":"9821558"},{"title":"The long march through the institutions","text":"wrote The long march through the institutions The long march through the institutions () is a slogan coined by student activist Rudi Dutschke to describe his strategy for establishing the conditions for revolution: subverting society by infiltrating institutions such as the professions. The phrase \"long march\" is a reference to the prolonged struggle of the Chinese communists, which included a physical Long March of their army across China. The main influence on Dutschke's thinking is commonly thought to be the work of Italian communist Antonio Gramsci who, while imprisoned by Mussolini, wrote about cultural hegemony and the need for a","psg_id":"19126743"},{"title":"The long march through the institutions","text":"The long march through the institutions The long march through the institutions () is a slogan coined by student activist Rudi Dutschke to describe his strategy for establishing the conditions for revolution: subverting society by infiltrating institutions such as the professions. The phrase \"long march\" is a reference to the prolonged struggle of the Chinese communists, which included a physical Long March of their army across China. The main influence on Dutschke's thinking is commonly thought to be the work of Italian communist Antonio Gramsci who, while imprisoned by Mussolini, wrote about cultural hegemony and the need for a \"war","psg_id":"19126741"},{"title":"Leader of the Communist Party of China","text":"Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \"by right of office\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's post has been titled as Secretary of the Central Bureau (1921–1922), Chairman (1922–1925, 1928–1931, and 1943–1982), and General Secretary (1925–1928, 1931–1943, and 1982 onwards). By custom the party leader has either been elected by the Central Committee or the Central Politburo. There were several name changes","psg_id":"9821555"},{"title":"Long March 2C","text":"Long March 2C Long March 2C (LM-2C), or Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C) as in Chinese pinyin is a member of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. This vehicle was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and the first launch occurred on September 9, 1982. It is a two-stage launch vehicle with storable propellants, consisting of Nitrogen Tetroxide and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine. The rocket was derived from the Long March 2A launch vehicle. Several variants of this launch vehicle have been built, all using an optional third solid","psg_id":"6567729"},{"title":"Long March","text":"of the central government of China to penetrate and destabilize the local Han warlords such as Liu Wenhui. The Chinese government sought to exercise full control over frontier areas against the warlords. Liu had refused to do battle with the Red Army, to save his own military from destruction. The Consolatory Commission forces were used to battle the Communist Red Army, but were defeated when their religious leader was captured by Communist forces. Communist forces on the Long March clashed against Kham rebels in the 1934 Khamba Rebellion, who were fleeing from Tibetan government forces. In June–July 1935, the troops","psg_id":"658413"},{"title":"Long March 3","text":"Long March 3 The Long March 3 (), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by the more powerful Long March 3A, which has an improved third stage. On January 29, 1984, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third stage failed 4 s after restart for GTO insertion of the satellite, due to incorrect","psg_id":"5151212"},{"title":"Long March 2","text":"design was adopted as the Long March 3. Long March 2 Long March 2 rocket family or Chang Zheng 2 rocket family as in Chinese pinyin is an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. The rockets use the abbreviations LM-2 family for export, and CZ-2 family within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese pinyin. They are part of the larger Long March rocket family. Development and design falls mostly under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). Long March 2 was the original model in the Long March 2","psg_id":"6216890"},{"title":"Long March 2","text":"Long March 2 Long March 2 rocket family or Chang Zheng 2 rocket family as in Chinese pinyin is an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. The rockets use the abbreviations LM-2 family for export, and CZ-2 family within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese pinyin. They are part of the larger Long March rocket family. Development and design falls mostly under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). Long March 2 was the original model in the Long March 2 rocket family, which was derived from China's first","psg_id":"6216886"},{"title":"Long March 5","text":"Long March 5 Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is a Chinese heavy lift launch system developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). CZ-5 is the first Chinese vehicle with a new design focusing on liquid rocket propellants from the ground up. Currently, two CZ-5 vehicle configurations are planned for different missions, with a maximum payload capacity of ~ to LEO and ~ to GTO. The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American EELV heavy-class vehicles such as the Delta IV Heavy. The CZ-5's maiden launch successfully occurred on 3 November 2016, from the","psg_id":"6257335"},{"title":"Long March 5","text":"and CZ-7 family launch vehicles. Long March 5 Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is a Chinese heavy lift launch system developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). CZ-5 is the first Chinese vehicle with a new design focusing on liquid rocket propellants from the ground up. Currently, two CZ-5 vehicle configurations are planned for different missions, with a maximum payload capacity of ~ to LEO and ~ to GTO. The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American EELV heavy-class vehicles such as the Delta IV Heavy. The CZ-5's maiden launch successfully occurred on","psg_id":"6257345"},{"title":"The Man Who Changed China","text":"The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin by Robert Lawrence Kuhn was published in 2005, in English and Chinese. It has generated both attention and controversy. It was published worldwide except in China by Random House imprints (Crown Publishers in English, Random House Kodansha in Japanese, Random House JoongAng in Korean). In China, it was published under the title \"Ta Gai Bian Le Zhong Guo: Jiang Zemin Zhuan\" (《他改变了中国：江泽民传》, literal translation \"He Changed China: The Biography of Jiang Zemin\") by Shanghai Century","psg_id":"9731180"},{"title":"Long March 6","text":"Long March 6 The Long March 6 () or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, \"high-speed response\" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long","psg_id":"13772158"},{"title":"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife","text":"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife is a 1991 British feature-length documentary film set during the final days of the apartheid regime in South Africa, particularly centring on Eugène Terre'Blanche, founder and leader of the far-right Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. The film was directed by Nick Broomfield and released in 1991. It received an average of 2.3 million viewers during its screening on Channel 4. A year later it was the subject of legal action brought by the journalist, Jani Allan, in what has been described as \"the libel case of the","psg_id":"4709871"},{"title":"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife","text":"documentary that spawned the libel suit. The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife is a 1991 British feature-length documentary film set during the final days of the apartheid regime in South Africa, particularly centring on Eugène Terre'Blanche, founder and leader of the far-right Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. The film was directed by Nick Broomfield and released in 1991. It received an average of 2.3 million viewers during its screening on Channel 4. A year later it was the subject of legal action brought by the journalist, Jani Allan, in what has been described","psg_id":"4709883"},{"title":"Long March","text":"was completed by only about one-tenth of the force that left Jiangxi, would come to represent a significant episode in the history of the Communist Party of China, and would seal the personal prestige of Mao Zedong and his supporters as the new leaders of the party in the following decades. Although the literal translation of the Chinese \"Cháng Zhēng\" is \"Long March\", official publications of the People's Republic of China refer to it as \"The Long March of the Red Army\" (Chinese traditional: 紅軍長征, Chinese simplified: 红军长征, pinyin: Hóngjūn Chángzhēng). The Long March most commonly refers to the transfer","psg_id":"658382"},{"title":"Long March 7","text":"Long March 7 The Long March 7 (), or Chang Zheng 7 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. It made its inaugural flight on June 25, 2016. Designed as a replacement of the Long March 2F, Long March 7 and its variants are expected to be the workhorse of the fleet, eventually accounting for around 70% of all Chinese launches. Long March 7 will also play a","psg_id":"14457343"},{"title":"President of the People's Republic of China","text":"the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current President is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. Since 1993, apart from brief periods of transition, the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the President, the leader of the party, and the commander-in-chief of the military (as Chairman of the Central Military Commission). This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles. For example, the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President, issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and upholds","psg_id":"19013384"},{"title":"Mariamne (third wife of Herod)","text":"Mariamne (third wife of Herod) Mariamne II was the third wife of Herod the Great. She was the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest. Josephus recounts their wedding thus: There was one Simon, a citizen of Jerusalem, the son of one Boethus, a citizen of Alexandria, and a priest of great note there; this man had a daughter, who was esteemed the most beautiful woman of that time; and when the people of Jerusalem began to speak much in her commendation, it happened that Herod was much affected with what was said of her; and when he saw the","psg_id":"9758926"},{"title":"Long March (rocket family)","text":"12,000 kilograms (CZ-3B), the maximum payload for GTO is 5,500 kg (CZ-3B/E). The next generation rocketLong March 5 variants will offer more payload in the future. Long March 1's 1st and 2nd stage uses nitric acid and UDMH propellants, and its upper stage uses a spin-stabilized solid rocket engine. Long March 2, Long March 3, Long March 4, the main stages and associated liquid rocket boosters use dinitrogen tetroxide as the oxidizing agent and UDMH as the fuel. The upper stages (third stage) of Long March 3 rockets use YF-73 and YF-75 engines, using Liquid hydrogen (LH) as the fuel","psg_id":"664026"},{"title":"China Syndrome (The King of Queens)","text":"China Syndrome (The King of Queens) \"China Syndrome\" is the series finale of the long-running American sitcom \"The King of Queens\". The finale has the length of two regular episodes, being counted as the twelfth and thirteenth episodes of the ninth season, running about 45 minutes without commercials. It was taped March 15, 2007; it originally aired on May 14, 2007. After Doug learns that his wife Carrie has not given up the apartment in Manhattan as she promised, though he quit his job as an IPS driver for a job as a salesperson, which she requested that he do,","psg_id":"10800444"},{"title":"Long March","text":"the Long March. The figure of 25,000 li (12,500 kilometres or about 8,000 miles) was Mao's estimate, quoted by his biographer Edgar Snow in \"Red Star Over China\", published not long after the end of the Long March in 1938. In 2003, two British researchers, Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen, retraced the route in 384 days, and in their 2006 book \"The Long March\" estimated the March actually covered about 6,000 km (3,700 miles). Jocelyn and McEwen conclude in their book that \"Mao and his followers twisted the tale of the Long March for their own ends. Mao's role was","psg_id":"658427"},{"title":"Long March (rocket family)","text":"Long March 3B rocket, was successfully conducted on July 5, 2007. A Chinese Long March 2D launched Venezuela's VRSS-1 (Venezuelan Remote Sensing Satellite 1) \"Francisco de Miranda\" on September 29, 2012. Long March (rocket family) A Long March rocket () or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese","psg_id":"664034"},{"title":"Long March (rocket family)","text":"Long March (rocket family) A Long March rocket () or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese pinyin. The rockets are named after the Long March of Chinese communist history. China used the Long March 1 rocket to launch its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1 (lit. \"The","psg_id":"664019"},{"title":"Long March 2C","text":"motor stage: On August 18, 2011, a Long March 2C rocket failed during the launch of the Shijian 11-04 satellite. During the powered flight phase of the second stage, the connecting mechanism between vernier engine no.3 and the servo-control mechanism of the second stage failed, which led to loss of attitude control on the second stage. Long March 2C Long March 2C (LM-2C), or Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C) as in Chinese pinyin is a member of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. This vehicle was developed by the China","psg_id":"6567730"},{"title":"Long March 3","text":"failed during launch. The third-stage engine shut down roughly 40 s earlier than planned because of a fire in the LH2 injector of the gas generator. Insufficient purging had permitted oxygen to freeze in the gas generator during flight. Long March 3 The Long March 3 (), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by","psg_id":"5151214"},{"title":"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife","text":"summer\". In 2006, Broomfield released a follow-up, \"His Big White Self\". Throughout the film, Broomfield attempts to set up an interview with Terre'Blanche, who stubbornly breaks all of the plans he makes with him. For the majority of the film where Broomfield is unable to get an interview with the leader himself, his attention is drawn to the driver and his wife (JP and Anita Meyer), hence the title (which alludes to the title of Peter Greenaway's 1989 film \"The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover\"). Broomfield also spent time with a town councillor and diamond mine owner","psg_id":"4709872"},{"title":"Long March","text":"Long March The Long March (October 1934 – October 1935) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. The best known is the march from Jiangxi province which began in October 1934. The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic, led by an inexperienced military commission, was on","psg_id":"658380"},{"title":"Leader of the Communist Party of China","text":"until Mao Zedong finally formalised the office of Chairman of the Central Committee. Since 1982, the CPC National Congress and its 1st CC Plenary Session has been main the institutional setting in which the CPC leadership are elected. From 1992 onwards every party leader has been elected by a 1st CC Plenary Session. In the period 1928–45 the CPC leader was elected by conference, meetings of the Central Committee or by decisions of the Politburo. The last exception to this rule is Jiang Zemin, who was elected at the 4th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee in the aftermath","psg_id":"9821556"},{"title":"The Adventures of Mao on the Long March","text":"The Adventures of Mao on the Long March The Adventures of Mao on the Long March is Frederic Tuten's first published novel. The novel is a fictionalized account of Chairman Mao's rise to power, and is highly experimental in nature, including extensive use of parody and collage. The novel has no linear plot, and is mostly composed of an elaborate arrangement of disparate elements. The novel presents a seemingly straightforward history of the Long March, as well as a fictionalized interview with Mao and several more conventional \"novelistic\" scenes with Mao as the main character. The novel also includes a","psg_id":"10462955"},{"title":"March of the Volunteers","text":"over the third line, \"The Chinese people face their greatest peril\", so the writer Guo Moruo changed it for the event to \"The Chinese people have come to their moment of emancipation\". The song was personally performed by Paul Robeson. In June, a committee was set up by the Communist Party of China to decide on an official national anthem for the soon-to-be declared People's Republic of China. By the end of August, the committee had received 632 entries totaling 694 different sets of scores and lyrics. The \"March of the Volunteers\" was suggested by the painter Xu Beihong and","psg_id":"776282"},{"title":"The Man Who Changed China","text":"upfront \"Publisher's Note,\" that \"Certain viewpoints and opinions of the author, as a Westerner, bear a definite distance from those of our own. Hopefully the reader will understand.\" When asked his own opinion of Kuhn's biography, Jiang Zemin told his close friend, Shen Yongyan (a primary source in the book), who then told the Chinese media that Jiang said: “He [Kuhn] wrote objectively; he didn’t try to beautify me. But he got my wedding date wrong.” The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang","psg_id":"9731186"},{"title":"Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China","text":"an enormous fall-off in surviving children born during the Great Leap Forward as well as an equally large surge afterwards. Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China The Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (PRC), also referred to as the 1982 Chinese Census, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1982. A summary of the results were issued by the State Security Bureau and reported in the \"People's Daily\" on October 27, 1982. Preparations for the census were begun in 1976, with fact-finding missions sent","psg_id":"16398588"},{"title":"Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China","text":"Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China The Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (PRC), also referred to as the 1982 Chinese Census, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1982. A summary of the results were issued by the State Security Bureau and reported in the \"People's Daily\" on October 27, 1982. Preparations for the census were begun in 1976, with fact-finding missions sent to the United States and Japan to review their methods. Computers were installed in every provincial capital except Tibet; these","psg_id":"16398581"},{"title":"Leader of the Band","text":"Leader of the Band \"Leader of the Band\" is a song written by Dan Fogelberg from his 1981 album \"The Innocent Age\". The song was written as a tribute to his father, Lawrence Fogelberg, a musician and the leader of a band, who was still alive at the time the song was released. Lawrence died in August 1982, but not before this hit song made him a celebrity with numerous media interviews interested in him as its inspiration. Released as a single at the end of 1981, the tribute peaked at #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in March","psg_id":"9712985"},{"title":"History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)","text":"Korea by China over the years was being spent on statues and monuments honoring Kim. He suggested that they might be better served using that aid to improve their people's living standards. The North Koreans appeared to have gotten the message, for the gold plating was quietly scraped off the Kim statue in Pyongyang afterwards. Trying to crawl out of its international isolation, China mended fences with Yugoslavian leader Josip Tito, who visited Beijing in May 1977 after having been long denounced as a revisionist traitor. In October 1978, Deng Xiaoping visited Japan and concluded a peace treaty with that","psg_id":"3004258"},{"title":"The Long March (novel)","text":"has identified himself.\" The Long March (novel) The Long March is a novella by William Styron, first published serially in 1952 in \"Discovery\". and by Random House as a Modern Library Paperback in 1956. It tells of an overnight thirty-six mile forced march back to base at a US Marine training camp in the Carolinas, the chief protagonists being ageing reservists Lieutenant Culver and his friend Captain Mannix, who have been called up due to the threat of the Korean War. Eight of their colleagues had, earlier that day, been killed by misfired mortar shells, adding to the absurdity of","psg_id":"18900653"},{"title":"The Long March (novel)","text":"The Long March (novel) The Long March is a novella by William Styron, first published serially in 1952 in \"Discovery\". and by Random House as a Modern Library Paperback in 1956. It tells of an overnight thirty-six mile forced march back to base at a US Marine training camp in the Carolinas, the chief protagonists being ageing reservists Lieutenant Culver and his friend Captain Mannix, who have been called up due to the threat of the Korean War. Eight of their colleagues had, earlier that day, been killed by misfired mortar shells, adding to the absurdity of their ordeal... Styron","psg_id":"18900651"},{"title":"Leader of the Labour Party (UK)","text":"and 2005, and Harold Wilson, who won three general elections out of five contested, in 1964, 1966 and October 1974. Unlike other British political party leaders, the Labour Leader does not have the power to dismiss or appoint their Deputy. Both the Leader and Deputy Leader are elected by an Alternative Vote system. From 1980 to 2014 an electoral college was used, with a third of the votes allocated to the Party's MPs and MEPs, a third to individual members of the Labour Party, and a third to individual members of all affiliated organisations, including socialist societies and trade unions.","psg_id":"12389056"},{"title":"History of the Republic of China","text":"of the Kuomintang and the unifier of all China under the right-wing Nationalist Government. Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in Beijing in March 1925, as the Nationalist movement he had helped to initiate was gaining momentum. During the summer of 1925 Chiang, as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, set out on the long-delayed Northern Expedition against the northern warlords. Within nine months half of China had been conquered. By 1926, however, the Kuomintang had divided into left- and right-wing factions, and the Communist bloc within it was also growing. In March 1926, after thwarting a kidnapping attempt against him","psg_id":"1933877"},{"title":"Long March 6","text":"March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least of payload into a sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser. A boosted variant, with a payload of 4 tons to sun-synchronous orbit, is under development. Long March 6 The Long March 6 () or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a","psg_id":"13772159"},{"title":"Chairman of the Communist Party of China","text":"1925, Chen Duxiu (still Party Secretary) served as Chairman of the Central Executive Committee (), but the name was changed in \"General Secretary of the Central Executive Committee\" in 1925. The post was first introduced in March 1943, when the Politburo decided to discharge Zhang Wentian as General Secretary. As his replacement, Mao Zedong, who had been the \"de facto\" leader of the party since the Long March, was named as Chairman of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee (). The seventh CPC National Congress introduced the post of Chairman of the Central Committee into the party constitution, and","psg_id":"3092359"},{"title":"Constitution of the Republic of China","text":"Republic of China until 1928. It provided a Western-style parliamentary system headed by a weak president. However, the system was quickly usurped when Song Jiaoren, who as leader of the KMT was to become prime minister following the party's victory in the 1913 elections, was assassinated by the orders of President Yuan Shikai. Yuan regularly flouted the elected assembly and assumed dictatorial powers. Upon his death in 1916, China disintegrated into warlordism and the Beiyang Government operating under the Constitution remained in the hands of various military leaders. The Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek established control over much of China by","psg_id":"1694676"},{"title":"Long March 2","text":"is the safest model in the Long March 2 family, with 11 launches and no failure record. An unmanned derivative called Long March 2F/G carries the bulkier Tiangong space laboratories. Long March 2D and Long March 4 were developed by the Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology (SAST), while all others are developed by CALT. The designations Long March 2A and Long March 2B were originally applied to design studies of Long March 2 derivatives for geostationary payloads. Long March 2A would use a cryogenic third stage, and Long March 2B a hypergolic one. Neither design was finalized. The 2A","psg_id":"6216889"},{"title":"The March of Time","text":"to serve as publisher of \"Life\", a weekly news magazine that began publication in November 1936. \"Time\" executives had long vacillated over launching such a magazine, but the success of \"The March of Time\"'s experiments in pictorial journalism overcame the hesitation of the corporation's board of directors. Larsen proposed that the new magazine be named \"The March of Time\", but the name \"Life\" was purchased from the owners of a declining periodical. \"Life\" magazine was a great success and notable influence on photojournalism throughout its 36-year history. Louis de Rochemont succeeded Larsen as producer of \"The March of Time\", while","psg_id":"3959470"},{"title":"Long March","text":"November 19, 1935, the Second Red Army set out on its own Long March. He Long's force was driven further west than the First Red Army, all the way to Lijiang in Yunnan province, then across the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain massif and through the Tibetan highlands of western Sichuan. He Long and Xiao Ke were married to sisters who also accompanied the army. He Long's wife, Jian Xianren, carried the baby daughter she had given birth to three weeks before the retreat began. Jian Xianfo gave birth to a son in the desolate swamps of northern Sichuan. Forces of","psg_id":"658418"},{"title":"Leader of the Opposition (Israel)","text":"the role of the Leader of the Opposition. The law stipulates the selection of the Opposition Leader, his replacement, regulates his ceremonial role in various official events, and obliges the prime minister to update him on current state affairs once a month. The law also stipulates that the Opposition Leader's salary will be determined by Knesset committee, and shall not be lower than a salary of a Cabinet minister. As long as the role of the Leader of the Opposition was an honorary role, the Knesset members of the opposition didn't care much who will be the Leader of the","psg_id":"13311222"},{"title":"The Day the Leader was Killed","text":"death, and the irrationality of human emotion. The Day the Leader was Killed The Day the Leader was Killed (orig. Arabic يوم مقتل الزعيم) is a novel written and published by Nobel Prize-winning author Naguib Mahfouz in 1983. The novel follows multiple narratives written in the stream of consciousness format. The novel is set during the early 1980s whilst Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was introducing the infitah or \"open door\" free-market economic policies which led to widespread unrest. The plot revolves around a young Egyptian man who is in love with a co-worker, but her father will not permit their","psg_id":"10186282"},{"title":"The Day the Leader was Killed","text":"The Day the Leader was Killed The Day the Leader was Killed (orig. Arabic يوم مقتل الزعيم) is a novel written and published by Nobel Prize-winning author Naguib Mahfouz in 1983. The novel follows multiple narratives written in the stream of consciousness format. The novel is set during the early 1980s whilst Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was introducing the infitah or \"open door\" free-market economic policies which led to widespread unrest. The plot revolves around a young Egyptian man who is in love with a co-worker, but her father will not permit their marriage because the young man cannot earn","psg_id":"10186274"},{"title":"History of the Communist Party of China","text":"to Mao's base, sidelining him. Chiang Kai-shek launched a further campaign which succeeded. The CPC had to give up their bases and started the Long March (1934–1935) to search for a new base. During the Long March, the party leadership re-examined its policy and blamed their failure on the CPC military leader Otto Braun, a German sent by Comintern. During the Long March, the native Communists, such as Mao Zedong and Zhu De gained power. The Comintern and Soviet Union. lost control over the CPC. They settled in Shaanxi, where there was an existing Communist base. The Western world first","psg_id":"12574736"},{"title":"Long March","text":"of the main group of the First (or Central) Red Army, which included the leaders of the Communist Party of China, from Yudu in the province of Jiangxi to Yan'an in Shaanxi. In this sense, the Long March lasted from October 16, 1934 to October 19, 1935. In a broader view, the Long March included two other forces retreating under pressure from the Kuomintang: the Second Red Army and the Fourth Red Army. The retreat of all the Red Armies was not complete until October 22, 1935, when the three forces linked up in Shaanxi. The divisions of the \"Chinese","psg_id":"658383"},{"title":"Long March","text":"taught a glorious account of the Long March in order to justify Mao's Revolution: \"If you find it hard\", they were told: think of the Long March; if you feel tired, think of our revolutionary forebears. The message has been drilled into us so that we can accomplish any goal set before us by the party because nothing compares in difficulty with what they did. Decades after the historical one, we have been spurred on to ever more Long Marches – to industrialize China, to feed the largest population in the world, to catch up with the West, to reform","psg_id":"658431"},{"title":"Long March (rocket family)","text":"European Space Agency accused the United States of using ITAR to block exports to China instead of protecting technology. In 2016, an official at the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security confirmed that \"no U.S.-origin content, regardless of significance, regardless of whether it’s incorporated into a foreign-made item, can go to China.\" The European aerospace industry is working on developing replacements for U.S. satellite components. After the failures of 1992–1996, the troublesome Long March 2E was withdrawn from the market. Design changes were made to improve the reliability of Long March rockets. From October 1996 to April 2009, the Long","psg_id":"664024"},{"title":"History of China","text":"its leaders from their bases in southern and eastern China. In 1934, driven from their mountain bases such as the Chinese Soviet Republic, the CPC forces embarked on the Long March across China's most desolate terrain to the northwest, where they established a guerrilla base at Yan'an in Shaanxi Province. During the Long March, the communists reorganized under a new leader, Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung). The bitter struggle between the KMT and the CPC continued, openly or clandestinely, through the 14-year-long Japanese occupation of various parts of the country (1931–1945). The two Chinese parties nominally formed a united front to","psg_id":"70998"},{"title":"Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure","text":"Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure was a 1989 stage play written by Terrance Dicks, based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". The play was staged at twenty theatres around Britain, commencing 23 March 1989. It initially starred Jon Pertwee (who had played the Third Doctor in the series) as the Doctor. On 29 April Pertwee was ill, so understudy David Banks, who portrayed the Cyber Leader in the series from \"Earthshock\" onwards, played the Doctor for the matinee and evening performances. Pertwee continued in the role until 3 June","psg_id":"6180487"},{"title":"Nationality law of the People's Republic of China","text":"restrictions as long as they arrive from a third country. In accordance with the \"Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area\" of the ROC, any ROC national with Household Registration (ROC nationals with full citizenship rights in Taiwan) who obtains a passport issued to Mainland residents of the PRC or hukou of Mainland China, automatically loses his Household Registration in Taiwan, which in turn causes the loss of the person's citizenship rights in the ROC (since he or she has already obtained the \"de facto\" citizenship of Mainland China). However, the person does","psg_id":"7503710"},{"title":"Long March 4A","text":"Long March 4B, which first flew in 1999. The Long March 4B offers a more powerful third stage, and a larger payload fairing. Long March 4A The Long March 4A (), also known as the Changzheng 4A, CZ-4A and LM-4A, sometimes misidentified as the Long March 4 due to the lack of any such designated rocket, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 7 at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. It was a three-stage rocket, used for two launches in 1988 and 1990. On its maiden flight, on 6 September 1988, it placed the FY-1A","psg_id":"11889621"},{"title":"Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)","text":"the House of Commons, commenting \"... all the elections in the world would not have made Windham or Sheridan leaders of the old Opposition while Fox was alive ...\". Eventually they jointly recommended George Ponsonby to the Whig MPs, whom they accepted as the first Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. Ponsonby, an Irish lawyer who was the uncle of Grey's wife, had been Lord Chancellor of Ireland during the Ministry of all the Talents and had only just been re-elected to the House of Commons in 1808 when he became leader. Ponsonby proved a weak leader","psg_id":"3246914"},{"title":"13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China","text":"invited to this congress as audience. The congress reaffirmed the correctness of the policy of reforms and the Open Door that was adopted during the Third Plenum of the 11th Congress in December 1978. It also saw the rejuvenation of the party leadership as veterans from the Long March retired and was replaced by younger and better educated technocrats. The agenda for the Congress was as follows: (1) To review and adopt the report of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. (2) To review the report made by the Advisory Committee of the Central Committee of","psg_id":"19831649"},{"title":"Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)","text":"consulted about the appointment of the Chief Justice. Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the Leader of the Opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the Prime Minister lose the confidence of the Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is chosen by a vote of all members of Parliament who declare that they do not","psg_id":"2803096"},{"title":"Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)","text":"Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the Leader of the Opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the Prime Minister lose the confidence of the Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is chosen by a vote of all members of Parliament who declare that they do not support the government. But before the adoption of","psg_id":"2803093"},{"title":"Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures","text":"Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures \"The Third Doctor Adventures\" is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show Doctor Who. It sees the return of Katy Manning as Jo Grant and Richard Franklin as Mike Yates, while the voice of the Third Doctor is performed by Tim Treloar replacing the original actor, Jon Pertwee, who died in 1996. The first set of stories was released in September 2015. A second and third volume were released November 2016 and August 2017 respectively. A fourth volume was released in March 2018. A fifth volume was confirmed in","psg_id":"19549507"},{"title":"History of the Great Wall of China","text":"determined defence of the Great Wall made it a symbol of Chinese patriotism and the resoluteness of the Chinese people. The Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong picked up this symbol in his poetry during his \"Long March\" escaping from Kuomintang prosecution. Near the end of the trek in 1935, Mao wrote the poem \"Mount Liupan\" that contains the well-known line that would be carved in stone along the Great Wall in the present day: \"Those who fail to reach the Great Wall are not true men\" (). Another noteworthy reference to the Great Wall is in the song \"The March","psg_id":"16243946"},{"title":"Sindh Peasants Long March","text":"Sindh Peasants Long March Sindh Peasants Long March for Land Reforms ( 15–26 February 2009), was a mass long walk of 350 kilometres by beyond 30000 peasants and rural worker women and men carried for over 12 days form Hyderabad to Sindh Assembly building Karachi, Sindh. The march was organised to seek amendments in the Sindh Tenancy Act that was also legislated after thousands of peasants gathering in front of Sindh Assembly building Karachi in 1950 led by late Comrade Hyder Bux Jatoi, a stalwart peasants leader of Pakistan. The long march was organised and led by the prominent peasant's","psg_id":"14996473"},{"title":"The Long March (novel)","text":"himself was called up in response to the Korean War and a forced march he undertook at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, North Carolina provided the inspiration for the story. Writing in \"The Guardian\", James Campbell explains, \"The book expresses Styron's dislike of the military experience and must originally have appeared as a reproof to more bullish colleagues such as Norman Mailer and James Jones who, while exposing the brutality of battle, did so in such a way as to aggrandise it. \"None of that Hemingway crap for me,\" says the hero of \"The Long March\", Captain Mannix, with whom Styron","psg_id":"18900652"},{"title":"Long March (Pakistan)","text":"The leader of the long march stayed in a bulletproof container. As the march culminated, incumbent Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf was also found guilty of corruption in his previous cabinet post, as Minister for Water and Power. A general election is due to be held in the spring of 2013. Shortly after returning from self-imposed exile in Canada (where he acquired Canadian citizenship), Qadri gave a speech on 23 December 2012, in which he denounced the rampant corruption at all levels of government. The speech galvanised demonstrators who were already frustrated with the president's inability to reduce militancy and","psg_id":"17034653"},{"title":"Chairman of the Communist Party of China","text":"of China leads all the armed forces of the country\". These changes were reversed by the 1982 Constitution of the People's Republic of China which placed the Party below the State and created a state CMC in parallel to the Party CMC. Although Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao as party chairman, by 1978 he had lost power to Vice-Chairman Deng Xiaoping, who was now acknowledged as the \"de facto\" leader of China. The post of Chairman was abolished in 1982, and most of its functions were transferred to the revived post of General Secretary. The move was made as part of","psg_id":"3092362"},{"title":"Spouse of the President of China","text":"Spouse of the President of China The Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, also known as the First Lady of China, is the spouse or wife of the President of China. To date there have been 7 women who have been married to the Chinese president while in office. The role of the Presidential Spouse is not an official office, as they are not given a salary or official duties. Most spouses have remained very much in the background. However, the current spouse Peng Liyuan has gained public attention through her own independent careers and achievements.","psg_id":"17362585"},{"title":"Spouse of the President of China","text":"Spouse of the President of China The Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, also known as the First Lady of China, is the spouse or wife of the President of China. To date there have been 7 women who have been married to the Chinese president while in office. The role of the Presidential Spouse is not an official office, as they are not given a salary or official duties. Most spouses have remained very much in the background. However, the current spouse Peng Liyuan has gained public attention through her own independent careers and achievements.","psg_id":"17362584"},{"title":"Long March 3B","text":"In 2009, a Long March 3B partially failed during launch due to a third stage anomaly, which resulted in the Palapa-D satellite reaching a lower orbit than planned. Nonetheless, the satellite was able to maneuver itself into the planned orbit. The Long March 3B and its variants remain in active use , having conducted a total of 23 consecutive successful launches. In December 2013, a Long March 3B/E successfully lifted Chang'e 3, China's first Lunar lander and rover into the projected lunar-transfer orbit. The Long March 3B is based on the Long March 3A as its core stage, with four","psg_id":"11888568"},{"title":"Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March","text":"along with the success already enjoyed by \"Nothing to My Name\", established Cui as a symbol of the \"angry youth\" movement in China. Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March () is a 1989 album by Cui Jian, the so-called \"Father of Chinese Rock\". It is technically his second album as an album called \"Return of the Prodigal\" was released in 1984 in Hong Kong and Taiwan only, but he considers it his first and does not acknowledge the previous one. It is Cui's most successful album, and is considered China's","psg_id":"14237960"},{"title":"Leader of the Opposition (British Virgin Islands)","text":"appointed Leader of the Opposition as an Independent and in 1995 Walwyn Brewley was appointed despite leading the party with the third largest number of seats. The Leader of the Opposition is normally viewed as an alternative Premier. On 6 February 2017 Andrew Fahie was appointed as the most recent leader of the opposition. To date a total of twelve people (all men) have served as Leader of the Opposition - over twice the number who have served as Premier or Chief Minister. Every person who has served as Chief Minister or Premier has also served as Leader of the","psg_id":"18007381"},{"title":"Mariamne (third wife of Herod)","text":"Phabet, of the high priesthood, and conferred that dignity on Simon, and so joined in affinity with him [by marrying his daughter]. She had one child by Herod, called Herod II or Herod Boethus, who married his niece, Herodias, and by her had a daughter, Salome. Mariamne II was implicated in the plot of Antipater against her husband (Herod) in 4 BCE. As a result, Herod divorced her and removed her father (Simon Boethus) as high priest. Additionally, her son Herod II was removed from the line of succession in Herod's last will. Mariamne (third wife of Herod) Mariamne II","psg_id":"9758928"},{"title":"The Bishop's Wife","text":"December 19, 1949, with Tyrone Power and David Niven, second on May 11, 1953, with Cary Grant and Phyllis Thaxter and third on March 1, 1955, again with Grant and Thaxter. The soundtrack has been released on compact disc. Streaming audio The Bishop's Wife The Bishop's Wife, also known as Cary and the Bishop's Wife, is a Samuel Goldwyn romantic comedy feature film from 1947, starring Cary Grant, Loretta Young, and David Niven in a story about an angel who helps a bishop with his problems. The film was adapted by Leonardo Bercovici and Robert E. Sherwood from the 1928","psg_id":"856653"},{"title":"Long March","text":"the brink of annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi province. The Communists, under the eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, escaped in a circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed over 9,000 kilometers (5600 miles) over 370 days. The route passed through some of the most difficult terrain of western China by traveling west, then north, to Shaanxi. The Long March began Mao Zedong's ascent to power, whose leadership during the retreat gained him the support of the members of the party. The bitter struggles of the Long March, which","psg_id":"658381"},{"title":"Premier of the People's Republic of China","text":"Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \"Prime Minister\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \"Central People's Government\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government () and changed to its current name in 1954. The Premier is formally approved by the National People's Congress upon","psg_id":"1318541"},{"title":"Premier of the People's Republic of China","text":"Vice-Premiers since Deng Xiaoping's reform in 1983. The First-ranked Vice Premier will act in the premier's capacity in their absence. As of 2019, there are three living former premiers: Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \"Prime Minister\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \"Central People's Government\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of","psg_id":"1318545"},{"title":"History of trade of the People's Republic of China","text":"in particular, was second only to Japan in supplying industrial goods to China during most of this period. China followed a policy of shopping widely for its industrial purchases, and it concluded deals of various sizes with nearly all of the West European nations. In 1986 Western Europe accounted for nearly 18 percent of China's foreign trade, with imports exceeding exports. Third World countries have long served as a market for Chinese agricultural and light industrial products. In 1986 developing countries purchased about 15 percent of Chinese exports and supplied about 8 percent of China's imports. China has increased trade","psg_id":"11165781"},{"title":"3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China","text":"3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978. The conference marked the beginning of the \"Reform and Opening Up\" policy, and is widely seen as the moment when Deng Xiaoping became paramount leader of China replacing Chairman Hua Guofeng, who remained nominal Chairman of the Communist Party of China until 1981. The meeting was","psg_id":"15197143"},{"title":"Leader of the Opposition (Solomon Islands)","text":"He resigned from that position in late March 2011, and the Opposition chose Derek Sikua to replace him. Sikua thus led the 2011-2014 Shadow Cabinet. On 9 December 2014, following the 2014 general election, Jeremiah Manele was appointed as Leader of the Opposition. Leader of the Opposition (Solomon Islands) The Leader of the Opposition (or Leader of the Official Opposition) in Solomon Islands is a Member of Parliament who commands a large minority of his peers, united in loyal opposition to government. The title of \"Leader of the Opposition\" is common to the Commonwealth realms and several other Commonwealth countries,","psg_id":"15289675"},{"title":"Long Arm of the Law Part 3","text":"Long Arm of the Law Part 3 Long Arm of the Law Part 3 is a 1989 Hong Kong action film directed by Michael Mak and starring Andy Lau, Elizabeth Lee, Max Mok and Elvis Tsui. The film is the third entry of the \"Long Arm of the Law\" film series, where each of the films have a different storyline. The core theme of the film is the attack of Mainland China and its brutal law. Ex-soldier Lee Cheung-kong (Andy Lau) was falsely accused for robbery in China and was sentenced to death as a result. Not willing to be","psg_id":"17436439"},{"title":"History of the Republic of China","text":"of the Republic of China and was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. However, power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, Sun agreed to Yuan's demand for China to be united under a Beijing government headed by him. On March 10, in Beijing, Yuan Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China. The republic which Sun Yat-sen and his","psg_id":"1933848"},{"title":"The Wife of Martin Guerre","text":"The Wife of Martin Guerre The Wife of Martin Guerre (first published 1941) is a short novel by American writer Janet Lewis based on the story of Martin Guerre, the 16th-century French peasant who apparently returned home to his wife after a long absence but was later revealed to be an impostor. The novel has its origins in research Lewis made into trials based on circumstantial evidence, after reading in-depth about famous trials turning on circumstantial evidence, which prompted her to write a pamphlet describing the risks of using it. The novel tells the tale from the point of view","psg_id":"8455593"},{"title":"Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March","text":"beginning of rock music in China. Cui made the album in cooperation with the band ADO, and it was the only album he released while he was still with them. An almost identical album called \"Nothing to My Name\" was released in Hong Kong and Taiwan the same year; it did not include the song \"Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March\". In 1999 a second edition of the album was released, by Beijing-based Jingwen Records, to mark its tenth anniversary. In a review published in \"China Information\", Woei Lin Chong considers it Cui's \"most impressive recording\". This album,","psg_id":"14237959"},{"title":"President of the Republic of China","text":"reflect the PRC's official stance of not recognizing the ROC as an independent state. The PRC media does not use the terms \"\"President of Taiwan\"\" nor \"\"President of the Republic of China\"\", which could be inferred as implying recognition of Taiwan as a country, or of Two Chinas. Hence, the term \"\"Leader of the Taiwan Area\"\" is used- with \"Area\" to show that Taiwan is not a country; while \"Leader\" does not equal \"President\". According to criteria set by the authorities in Beijing, media in mainland China generally are not allowed to use terms related to the Republic of China","psg_id":"714701"},{"title":"March of the Volunteers","text":"\"Three Principles of the People\" of the Republic of China and the Communist \"Internationale\". When Tian Han was imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, the march was briefly and unofficially replaced by \"The East Is Red\", then played without words, then played with altered words. Restored to its original version, the \"March of the Volunteers\" was raised to official status in 1982, adopted by Hong Kong and Macau upon their restorations to China in 1997 and 1999, respectively, and included in the Chinese Constitution's Article 136 in 2004. The lyrics of the \"March of the Volunteers\", also formally","psg_id":"776272"},{"title":"Succession of power in the People's Republic of China","text":"that the Paramount leader of China holds these three official titles: In the past it was possible for the Paramount Leader to wield absolute power without holding any official office. This was the case with Deng Xiaoping who was the undisputed leader from 1978 to 1992 without holding any official offices. Since his retirement, power has become more structured with the leader holding all three of the previously mentioned offices. The concept of Paramount Leader was instituted during the era of Mao Zedong. The position was further established under Deng Xiaoping, however the term Paramount Leader has not been officially","psg_id":"15472465"},{"title":"President of the Republic of China","text":"Cooperation leaders' summit, the ROC President is forbidden from attending personally and must send a special envoy to represent him or her at the event. However, on December 2, 2016, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump accepted a congratulatory telephone call from the ROC President, a clear break from prior protocol. The Government of the People's Republic of China uses the terms Leader of the Taiwan Area, Leader of the Taiwan Region () and Leader of the Taiwanese Authorities () to describe the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan. These terms are used by PRC media to","psg_id":"714700"},{"title":"The Man Who Changed China","text":"Publishing Group, one of China’s largest publishing groups. Virtually overnight, the Chinese edition became the number one bestselling book in China with sales of over one million and substantial publicity across the country including front-page features and magazine cover stories. The book is recognized as the first time that a biography of a living Chinese leader has been published on the Chinese mainland, and stories of its success and influence in China have run in the international press. \"The Wall Street Journal\" wrote: “His [Kuhn’s] new book is a blockbuster in China, selling more copies here in a single month","psg_id":"9731181"},{"title":"Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina","text":"Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina Spiritual Leader of the Nation (, also referred to as Spiritual Chief of the Nation, \"Jefa Espiritual de la Nación\", and Spiritual Chief of the State, \"Jefa Espiritual del Estado\") was an honorary position created by the Argentine Congress in the early 1950s and only ever held by Eva Perón, wife of Juan Domingo Perón. Eva Perón was elected Spiritual Leader/Chief of the Nation on May 7, 1952 and died on July 26 of that year. The title of Spiritual Chief or Leader of the Nation would never again be bestowed on any","psg_id":"11862573"},{"title":"Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland","text":"1961. Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland The Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the Leader of the House in the Senate of Northern Ireland. The post was a cabinet position that was nevertheless politically unimportant. In his memoirs, Brian Faulkner expresses surprise that Jack Andrews accepted the position, as he saw it as a demotion. The Deputy Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the third-ranking position in the Senate, after the Leader and the Speaker. The position of Deputy Leader was established, along with the Senate itself, in 1921, and the position was abolished","psg_id":"8070870"},{"title":"Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland","text":"Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland The Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the Leader of the House in the Senate of Northern Ireland. The post was a cabinet position that was nevertheless politically unimportant. In his memoirs, Brian Faulkner expresses surprise that Jack Andrews accepted the position, as he saw it as a demotion. The Deputy Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the third-ranking position in the Senate, after the Leader and the Speaker. The position of Deputy Leader was established, along with the Senate itself, in 1921, and the position was abolished in","psg_id":"8070869"},{"title":"Long Museum","text":"Yiqian and Wang Wei's expanding empire. The architecture was designed by Liu Yichun of Atelier Deshaus. Long Museum The Long Museum () is a private art museum in Shanghai, China, founded by Liu Yiqian and his wife Wang Wei. The museum has two locations in Shanghai: the Long Museum Pudong and Long Museum West Bund. In 2016, a third location was opened in Chongqing and a Wuhan branch is scheduled for 2018. The Long Museum Pudong was officially opened to the public on December 18, 2012. The Long Museum West Bund opened on March 28, 2014 and was China's largest","psg_id":"18431291"},{"title":"Long Museum","text":"Long Museum The Long Museum () is a private art museum in Shanghai, China, founded by Liu Yiqian and his wife Wang Wei. The museum has two locations in Shanghai: the Long Museum Pudong and Long Museum West Bund. In 2016, a third location was opened in Chongqing and a Wuhan branch is scheduled for 2018. The Long Museum Pudong was officially opened to the public on December 18, 2012. The Long Museum West Bund opened on March 28, 2014 and was China's largest private museum at the time of its opening.It is the second of Chinese billionaire collectors Liu","psg_id":"18431290"},{"title":"New Democracy Party of China","text":"New Democracy Party of China The New Democracy Party of China (NDPC; ) is a political party that started in the People's Republic of China, and is banned by the Chinese government. It was established by Mr. Guo Quan, a professor at Nanjing Normal University in 2007 after he published an open letter to the leaders of China. The second acting chairman is Mr. Cunzhu Zheng, who was also a student leader in Anhui Province in 1989's Tiananmen Square Protests. New Democracy Party of China was founded by Guo Quan, a former associate professor at Nanjing Normal University and the","psg_id":"12981526"},{"title":"The Lateness of the Hour","text":"on December 2, 1960 as the eighth episode of season 2. The second, \"Static\", aired on March 10, 1961 as the 20th episode; the third, \"The Whole Truth\", appeared on January 20, 1961 as the 14th episode; the fourth was \"Twilight Zone\"'s sole Christmas entry, \"The Night of the Meek\", shown on December 23, 1960; the fifth, \"Twenty Two\", was aired on February 10, 1961 and the sixth, \"Long Distance Call\", was transmitted on March 31, 1961. This was the second of two \"Twilight Zone\" starring roles for TV's \"Farmer's Daughter\", Inger Stevens (1934–70) who, during her final decade, kept","psg_id":"1348759"},{"title":"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife","text":"discredit Terre'Blanche and the far right movement in South Africa. In 1995, during an interview with SABC, Allan accused witnesses in the case of being paid to lie. In a 2002 BBC film \"Get Carman: the trials of George Carman QC\", Allan's case was dramatised together with a number of other high-profile Carmen cases. The libel suit is mentioned amidst a montage of photos and camera footage of Jani Allan and reporters outside the London court in 1992, in the 2006 Nick Broomfield sequel \"His Big White Self\", a sequel to \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\", the","psg_id":"4709882"},{"title":"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife","text":"DVD boxset, together with \"His Big White Self\", in April 2006. In 1992, the former columnist Jani Allan sued Channel 4, the British broadcaster, for libel, claiming that in the documentary \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\" she was presented as a \"woman of easy virtue\". Amidst a montage of photographs from Allan's earlier days as a photographic model and \"Sunday Times\" quotes, Broomfield claimed that Jani Allan had had an affair with Terre'Blanche. The significance of the case led to its inclusion in the 1992 annual edition of Whitaker's Almanack. During the trial, Channel 4 denied the","psg_id":"4709875"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"drive the Kuomintang out of Mainland China to the island of Taiwan. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Long March has been glorified as an example of the Communist Party's strength and resilience. The Long March solidified Mao's status as the undisputed leader of the CPC. Other participants in the March also went on to become prominent party leaders, including Zhu De, Lin Biao, Liu Shaoqi, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Yang Shangkun, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. The Chinese government produced a movie in 2006, \\\"My Long March\\\", relating personal experiences of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658425\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"was replaced by Zhang). This marked Mao's position as the pre-eminent leader of the Party, with Zhou in a position second to Mao. Both Mao and Zhou would retain their positions until their deaths, in 1976. While costly, the Long March gave the Communist Party of China (CCP) the isolation it needed, allowing its army to recuperate and rebuild in the north of China. It also was vital in helping the CCP to gain a positive reputation among the peasants due to the determination and dedication of the surviving participants of the Long March. Mao wrote in 1935: The Long\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658422\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"never served as Chairman or General Secretary, his highest post being Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission. References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CPC leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below: Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \\\"by right of office\\\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9821558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The long march through the institutions\",\n \"text\": \"wrote The long march through the institutions The long march through the institutions () is a slogan coined by student activist Rudi Dutschke to describe his strategy for establishing the conditions for revolution: subverting society by infiltrating institutions such as the professions. The phrase \\\"long march\\\" is a reference to the prolonged struggle of the Chinese communists, which included a physical Long March of their army across China. The main influence on Dutschke's thinking is commonly thought to be the work of Italian communist Antonio Gramsci who, while imprisoned by Mussolini, wrote about cultural hegemony and the need for a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19126743\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The long march through the institutions\",\n \"text\": \"The long march through the institutions The long march through the institutions () is a slogan coined by student activist Rudi Dutschke to describe his strategy for establishing the conditions for revolution: subverting society by infiltrating institutions such as the professions. The phrase \\\"long march\\\" is a reference to the prolonged struggle of the Chinese communists, which included a physical Long March of their army across China. The main influence on Dutschke's thinking is commonly thought to be the work of Italian communist Antonio Gramsci who, while imprisoned by Mussolini, wrote about cultural hegemony and the need for a \\\"war\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19126741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \\\"by right of office\\\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's post has been titled as Secretary of the Central Bureau (1921–1922), Chairman (1922–1925, 1928–1931, and 1943–1982), and General Secretary (1925–1928, 1931–1943, and 1982 onwards). By custom the party leader has either been elected by the Central Committee or the Central Politburo. There were several name changes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9821555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 2C\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 2C Long March 2C (LM-2C), or Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C) as in Chinese pinyin is a member of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. This vehicle was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and the first launch occurred on September 9, 1982. It is a two-stage launch vehicle with storable propellants, consisting of Nitrogen Tetroxide and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine. The rocket was derived from the Long March 2A launch vehicle. Several variants of this launch vehicle have been built, all using an optional third solid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6567729\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"of the central government of China to penetrate and destabilize the local Han warlords such as Liu Wenhui. The Chinese government sought to exercise full control over frontier areas against the warlords. Liu had refused to do battle with the Red Army, to save his own military from destruction. The Consolatory Commission forces were used to battle the Communist Red Army, but were defeated when their religious leader was captured by Communist forces. Communist forces on the Long March clashed against Kham rebels in the 1934 Khamba Rebellion, who were fleeing from Tibetan government forces. In June–July 1935, the troops\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 3\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 3 The Long March 3 (), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by the more powerful Long March 3A, which has an improved third stage. On January 29, 1984, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third stage failed 4 s after restart for GTO insertion of the satellite, due to incorrect\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5151212\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 2\",\n \"text\": \"design was adopted as the Long March 3. Long March 2 Long March 2 rocket family or Chang Zheng 2 rocket family as in Chinese pinyin is an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. The rockets use the abbreviations LM-2 family for export, and CZ-2 family within China, as \\\"Chang Zheng\\\" means \\\"Long March\\\" in Chinese pinyin. They are part of the larger Long March rocket family. Development and design falls mostly under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). Long March 2 was the original model in the Long March 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6216890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 2\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 2 Long March 2 rocket family or Chang Zheng 2 rocket family as in Chinese pinyin is an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. The rockets use the abbreviations LM-2 family for export, and CZ-2 family within China, as \\\"Chang Zheng\\\" means \\\"Long March\\\" in Chinese pinyin. They are part of the larger Long March rocket family. Development and design falls mostly under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). Long March 2 was the original model in the Long March 2 rocket family, which was derived from China's first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6216886\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 5\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 5 Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is a Chinese heavy lift launch system developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). CZ-5 is the first Chinese vehicle with a new design focusing on liquid rocket propellants from the ground up. Currently, two CZ-5 vehicle configurations are planned for different missions, with a maximum payload capacity of ~ to LEO and ~ to GTO. The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American EELV heavy-class vehicles such as the Delta IV Heavy. The CZ-5's maiden launch successfully occurred on 3 November 2016, from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6257335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 5\",\n \"text\": \"and CZ-7 family launch vehicles. Long March 5 Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is a Chinese heavy lift launch system developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). CZ-5 is the first Chinese vehicle with a new design focusing on liquid rocket propellants from the ground up. Currently, two CZ-5 vehicle configurations are planned for different missions, with a maximum payload capacity of ~ to LEO and ~ to GTO. The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American EELV heavy-class vehicles such as the Delta IV Heavy. The CZ-5's maiden launch successfully occurred on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6257345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Changed China\",\n \"text\": \"The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin by Robert Lawrence Kuhn was published in 2005, in English and Chinese. It has generated both attention and controversy. It was published worldwide except in China by Random House imprints (Crown Publishers in English, Random House Kodansha in Japanese, Random House JoongAng in Korean). In China, it was published under the title \\\"Ta Gai Bian Le Zhong Guo: Jiang Zemin Zhuan\\\" (《他改变了中国：江泽民传》, literal translation \\\"He Changed China: The Biography of Jiang Zemin\\\") by Shanghai Century\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9731180\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 6\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 6 The Long March 6 () or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, \\\"high-speed response\\\" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13772158\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\",\n \"text\": \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife is a 1991 British feature-length documentary film set during the final days of the apartheid regime in South Africa, particularly centring on Eugène Terre'Blanche, founder and leader of the far-right Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. The film was directed by Nick Broomfield and released in 1991. It received an average of 2.3 million viewers during its screening on Channel 4. A year later it was the subject of legal action brought by the journalist, Jani Allan, in what has been described as \\\"the libel case of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4709871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\",\n \"text\": \"documentary that spawned the libel suit. The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife is a 1991 British feature-length documentary film set during the final days of the apartheid regime in South Africa, particularly centring on Eugène Terre'Blanche, founder and leader of the far-right Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. The film was directed by Nick Broomfield and released in 1991. It received an average of 2.3 million viewers during its screening on Channel 4. A year later it was the subject of legal action brought by the journalist, Jani Allan, in what has been described\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4709883\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"was completed by only about one-tenth of the force that left Jiangxi, would come to represent a significant episode in the history of the Communist Party of China, and would seal the personal prestige of Mao Zedong and his supporters as the new leaders of the party in the following decades. Although the literal translation of the Chinese \\\"Cháng Zhēng\\\" is \\\"Long March\\\", official publications of the People's Republic of China refer to it as \\\"The Long March of the Red Army\\\" (Chinese traditional: 紅軍長征, Chinese simplified: 红军长征, pinyin: Hóngjūn Chángzhēng). The Long March most commonly refers to the transfer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658382\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 7\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 7 The Long March 7 (), or Chang Zheng 7 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. It made its inaugural flight on June 25, 2016. Designed as a replacement of the Long March 2F, Long March 7 and its variants are expected to be the workhorse of the fleet, eventually accounting for around 70% of all Chinese launches. Long March 7 will also play a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14457343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current President is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. Since 1993, apart from brief periods of transition, the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the President, the leader of the party, and the commander-in-chief of the military (as Chairman of the Central Military Commission). This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles. For example, the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President, issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and upholds\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19013384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mariamne (third wife of Herod)\",\n \"text\": \"Mariamne (third wife of Herod) Mariamne II was the third wife of Herod the Great. She was the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest. Josephus recounts their wedding thus: There was one Simon, a citizen of Jerusalem, the son of one Boethus, a citizen of Alexandria, and a priest of great note there; this man had a daughter, who was esteemed the most beautiful woman of that time; and when the people of Jerusalem began to speak much in her commendation, it happened that Herod was much affected with what was said of her; and when he saw the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9758926\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March (rocket family)\",\n \"text\": \"12,000 kilograms (CZ-3B), the maximum payload for GTO is 5,500 kg (CZ-3B/E). The next generation rocketLong March 5 variants will offer more payload in the future. Long March 1's 1st and 2nd stage uses nitric acid and UDMH propellants, and its upper stage uses a spin-stabilized solid rocket engine. Long March 2, Long March 3, Long March 4, the main stages and associated liquid rocket boosters use dinitrogen tetroxide as the oxidizing agent and UDMH as the fuel. The upper stages (third stage) of Long March 3 rockets use YF-73 and YF-75 engines, using Liquid hydrogen (LH) as the fuel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"664026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"China Syndrome (The King of Queens)\",\n \"text\": \"China Syndrome (The King of Queens) \\\"China Syndrome\\\" is the series finale of the long-running American sitcom \\\"The King of Queens\\\". The finale has the length of two regular episodes, being counted as the twelfth and thirteenth episodes of the ninth season, running about 45 minutes without commercials. It was taped March 15, 2007; it originally aired on May 14, 2007. After Doug learns that his wife Carrie has not given up the apartment in Manhattan as she promised, though he quit his job as an IPS driver for a job as a salesperson, which she requested that he do,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"the Long March. The figure of 25,000 li (12,500 kilometres or about 8,000 miles) was Mao's estimate, quoted by his biographer Edgar Snow in \\\"Red Star Over China\\\", published not long after the end of the Long March in 1938. In 2003, two British researchers, Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen, retraced the route in 384 days, and in their 2006 book \\\"The Long March\\\" estimated the March actually covered about 6,000 km (3,700 miles). Jocelyn and McEwen conclude in their book that \\\"Mao and his followers twisted the tale of the Long March for their own ends. Mao's role was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658427\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March (rocket family)\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 3B rocket, was successfully conducted on July 5, 2007. A Chinese Long March 2D launched Venezuela's VRSS-1 (Venezuelan Remote Sensing Satellite 1) \\\"Francisco de Miranda\\\" on September 29, 2012. Long March (rocket family) A Long March rocket () or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as \\\"Chang Zheng\\\" means \\\"Long March\\\" in Chinese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"664034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March (rocket family)\",\n \"text\": \"Long March (rocket family) A Long March rocket () or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as \\\"Chang Zheng\\\" means \\\"Long March\\\" in Chinese pinyin. The rockets are named after the Long March of Chinese communist history. China used the Long March 1 rocket to launch its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1 (lit. \\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"664019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 2C\",\n \"text\": \"motor stage: On August 18, 2011, a Long March 2C rocket failed during the launch of the Shijian 11-04 satellite. During the powered flight phase of the second stage, the connecting mechanism between vernier engine no.3 and the servo-control mechanism of the second stage failed, which led to loss of attitude control on the second stage. Long March 2C Long March 2C (LM-2C), or Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C) as in Chinese pinyin is a member of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. This vehicle was developed by the China\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6567730\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 3\",\n \"text\": \"failed during launch. The third-stage engine shut down roughly 40 s earlier than planned because of a fire in the LH2 injector of the gas generator. Insufficient purging had permitted oxygen to freeze in the gas generator during flight. Long March 3 The Long March 3 (), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5151214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\",\n \"text\": \"summer\\\". In 2006, Broomfield released a follow-up, \\\"His Big White Self\\\". Throughout the film, Broomfield attempts to set up an interview with Terre'Blanche, who stubbornly breaks all of the plans he makes with him. For the majority of the film where Broomfield is unable to get an interview with the leader himself, his attention is drawn to the driver and his wife (JP and Anita Meyer), hence the title (which alludes to the title of Peter Greenaway's 1989 film \\\"The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover\\\"). Broomfield also spent time with a town councillor and diamond mine owner\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4709872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"Long March The Long March (October 1934 – October 1935) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. The best known is the march from Jiangxi province which began in October 1934. The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic, led by an inexperienced military commission, was on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658380\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"until Mao Zedong finally formalised the office of Chairman of the Central Committee. Since 1982, the CPC National Congress and its 1st CC Plenary Session has been main the institutional setting in which the CPC leadership are elected. From 1992 onwards every party leader has been elected by a 1st CC Plenary Session. In the period 1928–45 the CPC leader was elected by conference, meetings of the Central Committee or by decisions of the Politburo. The last exception to this rule is Jiang Zemin, who was elected at the 4th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee in the aftermath\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9821556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Adventures of Mao on the Long March\",\n \"text\": \"The Adventures of Mao on the Long March The Adventures of Mao on the Long March is Frederic Tuten's first published novel. The novel is a fictionalized account of Chairman Mao's rise to power, and is highly experimental in nature, including extensive use of parody and collage. The novel has no linear plot, and is mostly composed of an elaborate arrangement of disparate elements. The novel presents a seemingly straightforward history of the Long March, as well as a fictionalized interview with Mao and several more conventional \\\"novelistic\\\" scenes with Mao as the main character. The novel also includes a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10462955\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"March of the Volunteers\",\n \"text\": \"over the third line, \\\"The Chinese people face their greatest peril\\\", so the writer Guo Moruo changed it for the event to \\\"The Chinese people have come to their moment of emancipation\\\". The song was personally performed by Paul Robeson. In June, a committee was set up by the Communist Party of China to decide on an official national anthem for the soon-to-be declared People's Republic of China. By the end of August, the committee had received 632 entries totaling 694 different sets of scores and lyrics. The \\\"March of the Volunteers\\\" was suggested by the painter Xu Beihong and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"776282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Changed China\",\n \"text\": \"upfront \\\"Publisher's Note,\\\" that \\\"Certain viewpoints and opinions of the author, as a Westerner, bear a definite distance from those of our own. Hopefully the reader will understand.\\\" When asked his own opinion of Kuhn's biography, Jiang Zemin told his close friend, Shen Yongyan (a primary source in the book), who then told the Chinese media that Jiang said: “He [Kuhn] wrote objectively; he didn’t try to beautify me. But he got my wedding date wrong.” The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9731186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"an enormous fall-off in surviving children born during the Great Leap Forward as well as an equally large surge afterwards. Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China The Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (PRC), also referred to as the 1982 Chinese Census, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1982. A summary of the results were issued by the State Security Bureau and reported in the \\\"People's Daily\\\" on October 27, 1982. Preparations for the census were begun in 1976, with fact-finding missions sent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16398588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China The Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (PRC), also referred to as the 1982 Chinese Census, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1982. A summary of the results were issued by the State Security Bureau and reported in the \\\"People's Daily\\\" on October 27, 1982. Preparations for the census were begun in 1976, with fact-finding missions sent to the United States and Japan to review their methods. Computers were installed in every provincial capital except Tibet; these\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16398581\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Band\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Band \\\"Leader of the Band\\\" is a song written by Dan Fogelberg from his 1981 album \\\"The Innocent Age\\\". The song was written as a tribute to his father, Lawrence Fogelberg, a musician and the leader of a band, who was still alive at the time the song was released. Lawrence died in August 1982, but not before this hit song made him a celebrity with numerous media interviews interested in him as its inspiration. Released as a single at the end of 1981, the tribute peaked at #9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart in March\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9712985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)\",\n \"text\": \"Korea by China over the years was being spent on statues and monuments honoring Kim. He suggested that they might be better served using that aid to improve their people's living standards. The North Koreans appeared to have gotten the message, for the gold plating was quietly scraped off the Kim statue in Pyongyang afterwards. Trying to crawl out of its international isolation, China mended fences with Yugoslavian leader Josip Tito, who visited Beijing in May 1977 after having been long denounced as a revisionist traitor. In October 1978, Deng Xiaoping visited Japan and concluded a peace treaty with that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3004258\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Long March (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"has identified himself.\\\" The Long March (novel) The Long March is a novella by William Styron, first published serially in 1952 in \\\"Discovery\\\". and by Random House as a Modern Library Paperback in 1956. It tells of an overnight thirty-six mile forced march back to base at a US Marine training camp in the Carolinas, the chief protagonists being ageing reservists Lieutenant Culver and his friend Captain Mannix, who have been called up due to the threat of the Korean War. Eight of their colleagues had, earlier that day, been killed by misfired mortar shells, adding to the absurdity of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18900653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Long March (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"The Long March (novel) The Long March is a novella by William Styron, first published serially in 1952 in \\\"Discovery\\\". and by Random House as a Modern Library Paperback in 1956. It tells of an overnight thirty-six mile forced march back to base at a US Marine training camp in the Carolinas, the chief protagonists being ageing reservists Lieutenant Culver and his friend Captain Mannix, who have been called up due to the threat of the Korean War. Eight of their colleagues had, earlier that day, been killed by misfired mortar shells, adding to the absurdity of their ordeal... Styron\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18900651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Labour Party (UK)\",\n \"text\": \"and 2005, and Harold Wilson, who won three general elections out of five contested, in 1964, 1966 and October 1974. Unlike other British political party leaders, the Labour Leader does not have the power to dismiss or appoint their Deputy. Both the Leader and Deputy Leader are elected by an Alternative Vote system. From 1980 to 2014 an electoral college was used, with a third of the votes allocated to the Party's MPs and MEPs, a third to individual members of the Labour Party, and a third to individual members of all affiliated organisations, including socialist societies and trade unions.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12389056\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"of the Kuomintang and the unifier of all China under the right-wing Nationalist Government. Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in Beijing in March 1925, as the Nationalist movement he had helped to initiate was gaining momentum. During the summer of 1925 Chiang, as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, set out on the long-delayed Northern Expedition against the northern warlords. Within nine months half of China had been conquered. By 1926, however, the Kuomintang had divided into left- and right-wing factions, and the Communist bloc within it was also growing. In March 1926, after thwarting a kidnapping attempt against him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1933877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 6\",\n \"text\": \"March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least of payload into a sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser. A boosted variant, with a payload of 4 tons to sun-synchronous orbit, is under development. Long March 6 The Long March 6 () or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13772159\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"1925, Chen Duxiu (still Party Secretary) served as Chairman of the Central Executive Committee (), but the name was changed in \\\"General Secretary of the Central Executive Committee\\\" in 1925. The post was first introduced in March 1943, when the Politburo decided to discharge Zhang Wentian as General Secretary. As his replacement, Mao Zedong, who had been the \\\"de facto\\\" leader of the party since the Long March, was named as Chairman of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee (). The seventh CPC National Congress introduced the post of Chairman of the Central Committee into the party constitution, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3092359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Constitution of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of China until 1928. It provided a Western-style parliamentary system headed by a weak president. However, the system was quickly usurped when Song Jiaoren, who as leader of the KMT was to become prime minister following the party's victory in the 1913 elections, was assassinated by the orders of President Yuan Shikai. Yuan regularly flouted the elected assembly and assumed dictatorial powers. Upon his death in 1916, China disintegrated into warlordism and the Beiyang Government operating under the Constitution remained in the hands of various military leaders. The Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek established control over much of China by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1694676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 2\",\n \"text\": \"is the safest model in the Long March 2 family, with 11 launches and no failure record. An unmanned derivative called Long March 2F/G carries the bulkier Tiangong space laboratories. Long March 2D and Long March 4 were developed by the Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology (SAST), while all others are developed by CALT. The designations Long March 2A and Long March 2B were originally applied to design studies of Long March 2 derivatives for geostationary payloads. Long March 2A would use a cryogenic third stage, and Long March 2B a hypergolic one. Neither design was finalized. The 2A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6216889\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The March of Time\",\n \"text\": \"to serve as publisher of \\\"Life\\\", a weekly news magazine that began publication in November 1936. \\\"Time\\\" executives had long vacillated over launching such a magazine, but the success of \\\"The March of Time\\\"'s experiments in pictorial journalism overcame the hesitation of the corporation's board of directors. Larsen proposed that the new magazine be named \\\"The March of Time\\\", but the name \\\"Life\\\" was purchased from the owners of a declining periodical. \\\"Life\\\" magazine was a great success and notable influence on photojournalism throughout its 36-year history. Louis de Rochemont succeeded Larsen as producer of \\\"The March of Time\\\", while\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3959470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"November 19, 1935, the Second Red Army set out on its own Long March. He Long's force was driven further west than the First Red Army, all the way to Lijiang in Yunnan province, then across the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain massif and through the Tibetan highlands of western Sichuan. He Long and Xiao Ke were married to sisters who also accompanied the army. He Long's wife, Jian Xianren, carried the baby daughter she had given birth to three weeks before the retreat began. Jian Xianfo gave birth to a son in the desolate swamps of northern Sichuan. Forces of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658418\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Israel)\",\n \"text\": \"the role of the Leader of the Opposition. The law stipulates the selection of the Opposition Leader, his replacement, regulates his ceremonial role in various official events, and obliges the prime minister to update him on current state affairs once a month. The law also stipulates that the Opposition Leader's salary will be determined by Knesset committee, and shall not be lower than a salary of a Cabinet minister. As long as the role of the Leader of the Opposition was an honorary role, the Knesset members of the opposition didn't care much who will be the Leader of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13311222\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Day the Leader was Killed\",\n \"text\": \"death, and the irrationality of human emotion. The Day the Leader was Killed The Day the Leader was Killed (orig. Arabic يوم مقتل الزعيم) is a novel written and published by Nobel Prize-winning author Naguib Mahfouz in 1983. The novel follows multiple narratives written in the stream of consciousness format. The novel is set during the early 1980s whilst Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was introducing the infitah or \\\"open door\\\" free-market economic policies which led to widespread unrest. The plot revolves around a young Egyptian man who is in love with a co-worker, but her father will not permit their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10186282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Day the Leader was Killed\",\n \"text\": \"The Day the Leader was Killed The Day the Leader was Killed (orig. Arabic يوم مقتل الزعيم) is a novel written and published by Nobel Prize-winning author Naguib Mahfouz in 1983. The novel follows multiple narratives written in the stream of consciousness format. The novel is set during the early 1980s whilst Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was introducing the infitah or \\\"open door\\\" free-market economic policies which led to widespread unrest. The plot revolves around a young Egyptian man who is in love with a co-worker, but her father will not permit their marriage because the young man cannot earn\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10186274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"to Mao's base, sidelining him. Chiang Kai-shek launched a further campaign which succeeded. The CPC had to give up their bases and started the Long March (1934–1935) to search for a new base. During the Long March, the party leadership re-examined its policy and blamed their failure on the CPC military leader Otto Braun, a German sent by Comintern. During the Long March, the native Communists, such as Mao Zedong and Zhu De gained power. The Comintern and Soviet Union. lost control over the CPC. They settled in Shaanxi, where there was an existing Communist base. The Western world first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12574736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"of the main group of the First (or Central) Red Army, which included the leaders of the Communist Party of China, from Yudu in the province of Jiangxi to Yan'an in Shaanxi. In this sense, the Long March lasted from October 16, 1934 to October 19, 1935. In a broader view, the Long March included two other forces retreating under pressure from the Kuomintang: the Second Red Army and the Fourth Red Army. The retreat of all the Red Armies was not complete until October 22, 1935, when the three forces linked up in Shaanxi. The divisions of the \\\"Chinese\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"taught a glorious account of the Long March in order to justify Mao's Revolution: \\\"If you find it hard\\\", they were told: think of the Long March; if you feel tired, think of our revolutionary forebears. The message has been drilled into us so that we can accomplish any goal set before us by the party because nothing compares in difficulty with what they did. Decades after the historical one, we have been spurred on to ever more Long Marches – to industrialize China, to feed the largest population in the world, to catch up with the West, to reform\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March (rocket family)\",\n \"text\": \"European Space Agency accused the United States of using ITAR to block exports to China instead of protecting technology. In 2016, an official at the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security confirmed that \\\"no U.S.-origin content, regardless of significance, regardless of whether it’s incorporated into a foreign-made item, can go to China.\\\" The European aerospace industry is working on developing replacements for U.S. satellite components. After the failures of 1992–1996, the troublesome Long March 2E was withdrawn from the market. Design changes were made to improve the reliability of Long March rockets. From October 1996 to April 2009, the Long\",\n \"psg_id\": \"664024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of China\",\n \"text\": \"its leaders from their bases in southern and eastern China. In 1934, driven from their mountain bases such as the Chinese Soviet Republic, the CPC forces embarked on the Long March across China's most desolate terrain to the northwest, where they established a guerrilla base at Yan'an in Shaanxi Province. During the Long March, the communists reorganized under a new leader, Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung). The bitter struggle between the KMT and the CPC continued, openly or clandestinely, through the 14-year-long Japanese occupation of various parts of the country (1931–1945). The two Chinese parties nominally formed a united front to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"70998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure\",\n \"text\": \"Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure was a 1989 stage play written by Terrance Dicks, based on the long-running British science fiction television series \\\"Doctor Who\\\". The play was staged at twenty theatres around Britain, commencing 23 March 1989. It initially starred Jon Pertwee (who had played the Third Doctor in the series) as the Doctor. On 29 April Pertwee was ill, so understudy David Banks, who portrayed the Cyber Leader in the series from \\\"Earthshock\\\" onwards, played the Doctor for the matinee and evening performances. Pertwee continued in the role until 3 June\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6180487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nationality law of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"restrictions as long as they arrive from a third country. In accordance with the \\\"Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area\\\" of the ROC, any ROC national with Household Registration (ROC nationals with full citizenship rights in Taiwan) who obtains a passport issued to Mainland residents of the PRC or hukou of Mainland China, automatically loses his Household Registration in Taiwan, which in turn causes the loss of the person's citizenship rights in the ROC (since he or she has already obtained the \\\"de facto\\\" citizenship of Mainland China). However, the person does\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7503710\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 4A\",\n \"text\": \"Long March 4B, which first flew in 1999. The Long March 4B offers a more powerful third stage, and a larger payload fairing. Long March 4A The Long March 4A (), also known as the Changzheng 4A, CZ-4A and LM-4A, sometimes misidentified as the Long March 4 due to the lack of any such designated rocket, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 7 at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. It was a three-stage rocket, used for two launches in 1988 and 1990. On its maiden flight, on 6 September 1988, it placed the FY-1A\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11889621\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)\",\n \"text\": \"the House of Commons, commenting \\\"... all the elections in the world would not have made Windham or Sheridan leaders of the old Opposition while Fox was alive ...\\\". Eventually they jointly recommended George Ponsonby to the Whig MPs, whom they accepted as the first Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. Ponsonby, an Irish lawyer who was the uncle of Grey's wife, had been Lord Chancellor of Ireland during the Ministry of all the Talents and had only just been re-elected to the House of Commons in 1808 when he became leader. Ponsonby proved a weak leader\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3246914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"invited to this congress as audience. The congress reaffirmed the correctness of the policy of reforms and the Open Door that was adopted during the Third Plenum of the 11th Congress in December 1978. It also saw the rejuvenation of the party leadership as veterans from the Long March retired and was replaced by younger and better educated technocrats. The agenda for the Congress was as follows: (1) To review and adopt the report of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. (2) To review the report made by the Advisory Committee of the Central Committee of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19831649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)\",\n \"text\": \"consulted about the appointment of the Chief Justice. Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the Leader of the Opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the Prime Minister lose the confidence of the Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is chosen by a vote of all members of Parliament who declare that they do not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2803096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the Leader of the Opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the Prime Minister lose the confidence of the Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is chosen by a vote of all members of Parliament who declare that they do not support the government. But before the adoption of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2803093\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures\",\n \"text\": \"Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures \\\"The Third Doctor Adventures\\\" is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show Doctor Who. It sees the return of Katy Manning as Jo Grant and Richard Franklin as Mike Yates, while the voice of the Third Doctor is performed by Tim Treloar replacing the original actor, Jon Pertwee, who died in 1996. The first set of stories was released in September 2015. A second and third volume were released November 2016 and August 2017 respectively. A fourth volume was released in March 2018. A fifth volume was confirmed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19549507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Great Wall of China\",\n \"text\": \"determined defence of the Great Wall made it a symbol of Chinese patriotism and the resoluteness of the Chinese people. The Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong picked up this symbol in his poetry during his \\\"Long March\\\" escaping from Kuomintang prosecution. Near the end of the trek in 1935, Mao wrote the poem \\\"Mount Liupan\\\" that contains the well-known line that would be carved in stone along the Great Wall in the present day: \\\"Those who fail to reach the Great Wall are not true men\\\" (). Another noteworthy reference to the Great Wall is in the song \\\"The March\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16243946\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sindh Peasants Long March\",\n \"text\": \"Sindh Peasants Long March Sindh Peasants Long March for Land Reforms ( 15–26 February 2009), was a mass long walk of 350 kilometres by beyond 30000 peasants and rural worker women and men carried for over 12 days form Hyderabad to Sindh Assembly building Karachi, Sindh. The march was organised to seek amendments in the Sindh Tenancy Act that was also legislated after thousands of peasants gathering in front of Sindh Assembly building Karachi in 1950 led by late Comrade Hyder Bux Jatoi, a stalwart peasants leader of Pakistan. The long march was organised and led by the prominent peasant's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14996473\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Long March (novel)\",\n \"text\": \"himself was called up in response to the Korean War and a forced march he undertook at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, North Carolina provided the inspiration for the story. Writing in \\\"The Guardian\\\", James Campbell explains, \\\"The book expresses Styron's dislike of the military experience and must originally have appeared as a reproof to more bullish colleagues such as Norman Mailer and James Jones who, while exposing the brutality of battle, did so in such a way as to aggrandise it. \\\"None of that Hemingway crap for me,\\\" says the hero of \\\"The Long March\\\", Captain Mannix, with whom Styron\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18900652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March (Pakistan)\",\n \"text\": \"The leader of the long march stayed in a bulletproof container. As the march culminated, incumbent Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf was also found guilty of corruption in his previous cabinet post, as Minister for Water and Power. A general election is due to be held in the spring of 2013. Shortly after returning from self-imposed exile in Canada (where he acquired Canadian citizenship), Qadri gave a speech on 23 December 2012, in which he denounced the rampant corruption at all levels of government. The speech galvanised demonstrators who were already frustrated with the president's inability to reduce militancy and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17034653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"of China leads all the armed forces of the country\\\". These changes were reversed by the 1982 Constitution of the People's Republic of China which placed the Party below the State and created a state CMC in parallel to the Party CMC. Although Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao as party chairman, by 1978 he had lost power to Vice-Chairman Deng Xiaoping, who was now acknowledged as the \\\"de facto\\\" leader of China. The post of Chairman was abolished in 1982, and most of its functions were transferred to the revived post of General Secretary. The move was made as part of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3092362\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Spouse of the President of China\",\n \"text\": \"Spouse of the President of China The Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, also known as the First Lady of China, is the spouse or wife of the President of China. To date there have been 7 women who have been married to the Chinese president while in office. The role of the Presidential Spouse is not an official office, as they are not given a salary or official duties. Most spouses have remained very much in the background. However, the current spouse Peng Liyuan has gained public attention through her own independent careers and achievements.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17362585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Spouse of the President of China\",\n \"text\": \"Spouse of the President of China The Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, also known as the First Lady of China, is the spouse or wife of the President of China. To date there have been 7 women who have been married to the Chinese president while in office. The role of the Presidential Spouse is not an official office, as they are not given a salary or official duties. Most spouses have remained very much in the background. However, the current spouse Peng Liyuan has gained public attention through her own independent careers and achievements.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17362584\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March 3B\",\n \"text\": \"In 2009, a Long March 3B partially failed during launch due to a third stage anomaly, which resulted in the Palapa-D satellite reaching a lower orbit than planned. Nonetheless, the satellite was able to maneuver itself into the planned orbit. The Long March 3B and its variants remain in active use , having conducted a total of 23 consecutive successful launches. In December 2013, a Long March 3B/E successfully lifted Chang'e 3, China's first Lunar lander and rover into the projected lunar-transfer orbit. The Long March 3B is based on the Long March 3A as its core stage, with four\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11888568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March\",\n \"text\": \"along with the success already enjoyed by \\\"Nothing to My Name\\\", established Cui as a symbol of the \\\"angry youth\\\" movement in China. Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March () is a 1989 album by Cui Jian, the so-called \\\"Father of Chinese Rock\\\". It is technically his second album as an album called \\\"Return of the Prodigal\\\" was released in 1984 in Hong Kong and Taiwan only, but he considers it his first and does not acknowledge the previous one. It is Cui's most successful album, and is considered China's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14237960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (British Virgin Islands)\",\n \"text\": \"appointed Leader of the Opposition as an Independent and in 1995 Walwyn Brewley was appointed despite leading the party with the third largest number of seats. The Leader of the Opposition is normally viewed as an alternative Premier. On 6 February 2017 Andrew Fahie was appointed as the most recent leader of the opposition. To date a total of twelve people (all men) have served as Leader of the Opposition - over twice the number who have served as Premier or Chief Minister. Every person who has served as Chief Minister or Premier has also served as Leader of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18007381\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mariamne (third wife of Herod)\",\n \"text\": \"Phabet, of the high priesthood, and conferred that dignity on Simon, and so joined in affinity with him [by marrying his daughter]. She had one child by Herod, called Herod II or Herod Boethus, who married his niece, Herodias, and by her had a daughter, Salome. Mariamne II was implicated in the plot of Antipater against her husband (Herod) in 4 BCE. As a result, Herod divorced her and removed her father (Simon Boethus) as high priest. Additionally, her son Herod II was removed from the line of succession in Herod's last will. Mariamne (third wife of Herod) Mariamne II\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9758928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bishop's Wife\",\n \"text\": \"December 19, 1949, with Tyrone Power and David Niven, second on May 11, 1953, with Cary Grant and Phyllis Thaxter and third on March 1, 1955, again with Grant and Thaxter. The soundtrack has been released on compact disc. Streaming audio The Bishop's Wife The Bishop's Wife, also known as Cary and the Bishop's Wife, is a Samuel Goldwyn romantic comedy feature film from 1947, starring Cary Grant, Loretta Young, and David Niven in a story about an angel who helps a bishop with his problems. The film was adapted by Leonardo Bercovici and Robert E. Sherwood from the 1928\",\n \"psg_id\": \"856653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long March\",\n \"text\": \"the brink of annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi province. The Communists, under the eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, escaped in a circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed over 9,000 kilometers (5600 miles) over 370 days. The route passed through some of the most difficult terrain of western China by traveling west, then north, to Shaanxi. The Long March began Mao Zedong's ascent to power, whose leadership during the retreat gained him the support of the members of the party. The bitter struggles of the Long March, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"658381\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Premier of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \\\"Prime Minister\\\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \\\"Central People's Government\\\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government () and changed to its current name in 1954. The Premier is formally approved by the National People's Congress upon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1318541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Premier of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"Vice-Premiers since Deng Xiaoping's reform in 1983. The First-ranked Vice Premier will act in the premier's capacity in their absence. As of 2019, there are three living former premiers: Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \\\"Prime Minister\\\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \\\"Central People's Government\\\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1318545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of trade of the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"in particular, was second only to Japan in supplying industrial goods to China during most of this period. China followed a policy of shopping widely for its industrial purchases, and it concluded deals of various sizes with nearly all of the West European nations. In 1986 Western Europe accounted for nearly 18 percent of China's foreign trade, with imports exceeding exports. Third World countries have long served as a market for Chinese agricultural and light industrial products. In 1986 developing countries purchased about 15 percent of Chinese exports and supplied about 8 percent of China's imports. China has increased trade\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11165781\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978. The conference marked the beginning of the \\\"Reform and Opening Up\\\" policy, and is widely seen as the moment when Deng Xiaoping became paramount leader of China replacing Chairman Hua Guofeng, who remained nominal Chairman of the Communist Party of China until 1981. The meeting was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15197143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Opposition (Solomon Islands)\",\n \"text\": \"He resigned from that position in late March 2011, and the Opposition chose Derek Sikua to replace him. Sikua thus led the 2011-2014 Shadow Cabinet. On 9 December 2014, following the 2014 general election, Jeremiah Manele was appointed as Leader of the Opposition. Leader of the Opposition (Solomon Islands) The Leader of the Opposition (or Leader of the Official Opposition) in Solomon Islands is a Member of Parliament who commands a large minority of his peers, united in loyal opposition to government. The title of \\\"Leader of the Opposition\\\" is common to the Commonwealth realms and several other Commonwealth countries,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15289675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long Arm of the Law Part 3\",\n \"text\": \"Long Arm of the Law Part 3 Long Arm of the Law Part 3 is a 1989 Hong Kong action film directed by Michael Mak and starring Andy Lau, Elizabeth Lee, Max Mok and Elvis Tsui. The film is the third entry of the \\\"Long Arm of the Law\\\" film series, where each of the films have a different storyline. The core theme of the film is the attack of Mainland China and its brutal law. Ex-soldier Lee Cheung-kong (Andy Lau) was falsely accused for robbery in China and was sentenced to death as a result. Not willing to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17436439\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"of the Republic of China and was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. However, power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, Sun agreed to Yuan's demand for China to be united under a Beijing government headed by him. On March 10, in Beijing, Yuan Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China. The republic which Sun Yat-sen and his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1933848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Wife of Martin Guerre\",\n \"text\": \"The Wife of Martin Guerre The Wife of Martin Guerre (first published 1941) is a short novel by American writer Janet Lewis based on the story of Martin Guerre, the 16th-century French peasant who apparently returned home to his wife after a long absence but was later revealed to be an impostor. The novel has its origins in research Lewis made into trials based on circumstantial evidence, after reading in-depth about famous trials turning on circumstantial evidence, which prompted her to write a pamphlet describing the risks of using it. The novel tells the tale from the point of view\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8455593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March\",\n \"text\": \"beginning of rock music in China. Cui made the album in cooperation with the band ADO, and it was the only album he released while he was still with them. An almost identical album called \\\"Nothing to My Name\\\" was released in Hong Kong and Taiwan the same year; it did not include the song \\\"Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March\\\". In 1999 a second edition of the album was released, by Beijing-based Jingwen Records, to mark its tenth anniversary. In a review published in \\\"China Information\\\", Woei Lin Chong considers it Cui's \\\"most impressive recording\\\". This album,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14237959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"reflect the PRC's official stance of not recognizing the ROC as an independent state. The PRC media does not use the terms \\\"\\\"President of Taiwan\\\"\\\" nor \\\"\\\"President of the Republic of China\\\"\\\", which could be inferred as implying recognition of Taiwan as a country, or of Two Chinas. Hence, the term \\\"\\\"Leader of the Taiwan Area\\\"\\\" is used- with \\\"Area\\\" to show that Taiwan is not a country; while \\\"Leader\\\" does not equal \\\"President\\\". According to criteria set by the authorities in Beijing, media in mainland China generally are not allowed to use terms related to the Republic of China\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714701\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"March of the Volunteers\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Three Principles of the People\\\" of the Republic of China and the Communist \\\"Internationale\\\". When Tian Han was imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, the march was briefly and unofficially replaced by \\\"The East Is Red\\\", then played without words, then played with altered words. Restored to its original version, the \\\"March of the Volunteers\\\" was raised to official status in 1982, adopted by Hong Kong and Macau upon their restorations to China in 1997 and 1999, respectively, and included in the Chinese Constitution's Article 136 in 2004. The lyrics of the \\\"March of the Volunteers\\\", also formally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"776272\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Succession of power in the People's Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"that the Paramount leader of China holds these three official titles: In the past it was possible for the Paramount Leader to wield absolute power without holding any official office. This was the case with Deng Xiaoping who was the undisputed leader from 1978 to 1992 without holding any official offices. Since his retirement, power has become more structured with the leader holding all three of the previously mentioned offices. The concept of Paramount Leader was instituted during the era of Mao Zedong. The position was further established under Deng Xiaoping, however the term Paramount Leader has not been officially\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15472465\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of the Republic of China\",\n \"text\": \"Cooperation leaders' summit, the ROC President is forbidden from attending personally and must send a special envoy to represent him or her at the event. However, on December 2, 2016, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump accepted a congratulatory telephone call from the ROC President, a clear break from prior protocol. The Government of the People's Republic of China uses the terms Leader of the Taiwan Area, Leader of the Taiwan Region () and Leader of the Taiwanese Authorities () to describe the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan. These terms are used by PRC media to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"714700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Changed China\",\n \"text\": \"Publishing Group, one of China’s largest publishing groups. Virtually overnight, the Chinese edition became the number one bestselling book in China with sales of over one million and substantial publicity across the country including front-page features and magazine cover stories. The book is recognized as the first time that a biography of a living Chinese leader has been published on the Chinese mainland, and stories of its success and influence in China have run in the international press. \\\"The Wall Street Journal\\\" wrote: “His [Kuhn’s] new book is a blockbuster in China, selling more copies here in a single month\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9731181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina\",\n \"text\": \"Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina Spiritual Leader of the Nation (, also referred to as Spiritual Chief of the Nation, \\\"Jefa Espiritual de la Nación\\\", and Spiritual Chief of the State, \\\"Jefa Espiritual del Estado\\\") was an honorary position created by the Argentine Congress in the early 1950s and only ever held by Eva Perón, wife of Juan Domingo Perón. Eva Perón was elected Spiritual Leader/Chief of the Nation on May 7, 1952 and died on July 26 of that year. The title of Spiritual Chief or Leader of the Nation would never again be bestowed on any\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11862573\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland\",\n \"text\": \"1961. Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland The Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the Leader of the House in the Senate of Northern Ireland. The post was a cabinet position that was nevertheless politically unimportant. In his memoirs, Brian Faulkner expresses surprise that Jack Andrews accepted the position, as he saw it as a demotion. The Deputy Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the third-ranking position in the Senate, after the Leader and the Speaker. The position of Deputy Leader was established, along with the Senate itself, in 1921, and the position was abolished\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8070870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland\",\n \"text\": \"Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland The Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the Leader of the House in the Senate of Northern Ireland. The post was a cabinet position that was nevertheless politically unimportant. In his memoirs, Brian Faulkner expresses surprise that Jack Andrews accepted the position, as he saw it as a demotion. The Deputy Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the third-ranking position in the Senate, after the Leader and the Speaker. The position of Deputy Leader was established, along with the Senate itself, in 1921, and the position was abolished in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8070869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long Museum\",\n \"text\": \"Yiqian and Wang Wei's expanding empire. The architecture was designed by Liu Yichun of Atelier Deshaus. Long Museum The Long Museum () is a private art museum in Shanghai, China, founded by Liu Yiqian and his wife Wang Wei. The museum has two locations in Shanghai: the Long Museum Pudong and Long Museum West Bund. In 2016, a third location was opened in Chongqing and a Wuhan branch is scheduled for 2018. The Long Museum Pudong was officially opened to the public on December 18, 2012. The Long Museum West Bund opened on March 28, 2014 and was China's largest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18431291\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Long Museum\",\n \"text\": \"Long Museum The Long Museum () is a private art museum in Shanghai, China, founded by Liu Yiqian and his wife Wang Wei. The museum has two locations in Shanghai: the Long Museum Pudong and Long Museum West Bund. In 2016, a third location was opened in Chongqing and a Wuhan branch is scheduled for 2018. The Long Museum Pudong was officially opened to the public on December 18, 2012. The Long Museum West Bund opened on March 28, 2014 and was China's largest private museum at the time of its opening.It is the second of Chinese billionaire collectors Liu\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18431290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"New Democracy Party of China\",\n \"text\": \"New Democracy Party of China The New Democracy Party of China (NDPC; ) is a political party that started in the People's Republic of China, and is banned by the Chinese government. It was established by Mr. Guo Quan, a professor at Nanjing Normal University in 2007 after he published an open letter to the leaders of China. The second acting chairman is Mr. Cunzhu Zheng, who was also a student leader in Anhui Province in 1989's Tiananmen Square Protests. New Democracy Party of China was founded by Guo Quan, a former associate professor at Nanjing Normal University and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12981526\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Lateness of the Hour\",\n \"text\": \"on December 2, 1960 as the eighth episode of season 2. The second, \\\"Static\\\", aired on March 10, 1961 as the 20th episode; the third, \\\"The Whole Truth\\\", appeared on January 20, 1961 as the 14th episode; the fourth was \\\"Twilight Zone\\\"'s sole Christmas entry, \\\"The Night of the Meek\\\", shown on December 23, 1960; the fifth, \\\"Twenty Two\\\", was aired on February 10, 1961 and the sixth, \\\"Long Distance Call\\\", was transmitted on March 31, 1961. This was the second of two \\\"Twilight Zone\\\" starring roles for TV's \\\"Farmer's Daughter\\\", Inger Stevens (1934–70) who, during her final decade, kept\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1348759\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\",\n \"text\": \"discredit Terre'Blanche and the far right movement in South Africa. In 1995, during an interview with SABC, Allan accused witnesses in the case of being paid to lie. In a 2002 BBC film \\\"Get Carman: the trials of George Carman QC\\\", Allan's case was dramatised together with a number of other high-profile Carmen cases. The libel suit is mentioned amidst a montage of photos and camera footage of Jani Allan and reporters outside the London court in 1992, in the 2006 Nick Broomfield sequel \\\"His Big White Self\\\", a sequel to \\\"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\\\", the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4709882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\",\n \"text\": \"DVD boxset, together with \\\"His Big White Self\\\", in April 2006. In 1992, the former columnist Jani Allan sued Channel 4, the British broadcaster, for libel, claiming that in the documentary \\\"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\\\" she was presented as a \\\"woman of easy virtue\\\". Amidst a montage of photographs from Allan's earlier days as a photographic model and \\\"Sunday Times\\\" quotes, Broomfield claimed that Jani Allan had had an affair with Terre'Blanche. The significance of the case led to its inclusion in the 1992 annual edition of Whitaker's Almanack. During the trial, Channel 4 denied the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4709875\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["李淑蒙","蓝苹","江青","lan p'ing","madam mao","jiang qing","jiang cing","chiang ching","li yun-ho","李润青","lan ping","jiāng qīng","li shumeng","ching chiang","li yunhe","李云鹤","madame mao","无产阶级文艺伟大旗手","jiang ching","李潤青","李雲鶴","chiang ch'ing","tschiang tsching","qing jiang","li runqing","ching chiang"],"string":"[\n \"李淑蒙\",\n \"蓝苹\",\n \"江青\",\n \"lan p'ing\",\n \"madam mao\",\n \"jiang qing\",\n \"jiang cing\",\n \"chiang ching\",\n \"li yun-ho\",\n \"李润青\",\n \"lan ping\",\n \"jiāng qīng\",\n \"li shumeng\",\n \"ching chiang\",\n \"li yunhe\",\n \"李云鹤\",\n \"madame mao\",\n \"无产阶级文艺伟大旗手\",\n \"jiang ching\",\n \"李潤青\",\n \"李雲鶴\",\n \"chiang ch'ing\",\n \"tschiang tsching\",\n \"qing jiang\",\n \"li runqing\",\n \"ching chiang\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":590,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in 1985 terry waite returned to beirut after securing the release of four british hostages where?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"1984 Libyan hostage incident","text":"hostages. This meeting was soon followed by the arrival in Libya of Terry Waite. 21 October 1984 Alan Russell and Malcolm Anderson were removed from the Italian Mansion and taken to the Libyan courts, where they were charged with transporting state secrets. 10–18 November 1984 Terry Waite was in Libya. The hostage situation showed no signs of thawing, in spite of national and international efforts to secure the release of the hostages and the intervention at a pastoral level of Waite. 13–14 December 1984 Allen Russell was placed on trial and charged with sharing state secrets with British journalists. Robin","psg_id":"16049536"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 Libyan hostage incident\",\n \"text\": \"hostages. This meeting was soon followed by the arrival in Libya of Terry Waite. 21 October 1984 Alan Russell and Malcolm Anderson were removed from the Italian Mansion and taken to the Libyan courts, where they were charged with transporting state secrets. 10–18 November 1984 Terry Waite was in Libya. The hostage situation showed no signs of thawing, in spite of national and international efforts to secure the release of the hostages and the intervention at a pastoral level of Waite. 13–14 December 1984 Allen Russell was placed on trial and charged with sharing state secrets with British journalists. Robin\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16049536\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"Caribbean and South Africa. In 1980, Waite successfully negotiated the release of several hostages in Iran: Iraj Mottahedeh (Anglican priest in Esfahan), Dimitri Bellos (diocesan officer), Nosrat Sharifian (Anglican priest in Kerman), Fazeli (church member), Jean Waddell (who was secretary to the Iranian Anglican bishop Hassan Dehqani-Tafti), Canon John Coleman, and Coleman's wife. On 10 November 1984, he negotiated with Colonel Gaddafi for the release of the four remaining British hostages held in the Libyan Hostage Situation, Michael Berdinner, Alan Russell, Malcolm Anderson and Robin Plummer and was again successful. From 1985, Waite became involved in hostage negotiation in Lebanon,","psg_id":"1341673"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"Terry Waite Terence Hardy \"Terry\" Waite (born 31 May 1939) is an English humanitarian and author. Waite was the Assistant for Anglican Communion Affairs for the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, in the 1980s. As an envoy for the Church of England, he travelled to Lebanon to try to secure the release of four hostages, including the journalist John McCarthy. He was himself kidnapped and held captive from 1987 to 1991. He is president of the charity Y Care International (the YMCA's international development and relief agency) and patron of AbleChildAfrica and Habitat for Humanity Great Britain. He is","psg_id":"1341667"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"to negotiate with those holding British sailors and marines seized by Iran in disputed waters on 23 March 2007. Waite has a particular regard for Eastern Orthodoxy and the writings of Carl Jung. In 2008, he joined the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers. In 2004, Waite returned to Beirut for the first time since his release from captivity. He told the BBC, \"If you are bitter, it will eat you up and do more damage to you than to the people who have hurt you.\" Waite travelled again to Beirut in December 2012 to reconcile with his captors and","psg_id":"1341678"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"of the hostages as he was promised safe conduct to visit the hostages, who, he was told, were ill. The group broke trust and took him hostage on 20 January 1987. Waite remained in captivity for 1,763 days, the first four years of which were spent in solitary confinement. He was finally released on 18 November 1991. Following his release he was elected a Fellow Commoner at Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he wrote his first book, \"Taken on Trust\", an account of his captivity in Lebanon. It became a best-seller in the UK and internationally. Waite decided to devote himself","psg_id":"1341675"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"and he assisted in negotiations which secured the release of Lawrence Jenco and David Jacobsen. His use of an American helicopter to travel secretly between Cyprus and Lebanon and his appearance with Lt Colonel Oliver North, however, meant that he was compromised when the Irangate scandal broke. Against advice, Waite felt a need to demonstrate his continuing trust and integrity, and his commitment to the remaining hostages. He arrived in Beirut on 12 January 1987 with the intention of negotiating with the Islamic Jihad Organization, which was holding the men. On 20 January 1987, he agreed to meet the captors","psg_id":"1341674"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"lay to rest what he described as the ghosts of the past. In 1992, Waite received the Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of Worship. In 1992, Durham University made him an honorary Doctor of Civil Law. In 2001, Anglia Ruskin University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Philosophy. On 30 May 2009, at a ceremony in Ely Cathedral, the Open University made him an honorary D.Univ. He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Chester in 2009. In 2006 he was elected a \"Visiting Fellow\" of Magdalen College, Oxford. Terry Waite Terence Hardy \"Terry\" Waite (born 31","psg_id":"1341679"},{"title":"Jackie Mann","text":"leave immediately following the Salman Rushdie affair in February of that year. In September 1989, it was reported that his wife Sunnie had been told that Mann was dead, by a man who asked to meet her in a Beirut shopping centre. Jackie Mann was eventually released on 24 September 1991 after negotiations by the British and US governments succeeded in bringing about the release of several Western hostages. He had been held at the same time as other UK and Irish hostages in Lebanon, notably journalist John McCarthy, church envoy Terry Waite and author Brian Keenan. On his release,","psg_id":"11956283"},{"title":"John Waite (broadcaster)","text":"vulnerable young people giving evidence in court. He says the worst moment in his career was being so keen to get his microphone close to Prince Charles he stood heavily on his toe. Waite was a spokesperson while his cousin, Terry Waite, was held hostage in Beirut in the 1990s. He remembers presenting a special programme for his cousin, which Terry managed to hear. Waite has received numerous awards including a Radio Oscar (Sony) for Broadcaster of the Year. He also hosts \"Pick of the Week\" on Radio 4. Waite has also fronted the National Trust Magazine's audio version since","psg_id":"10218469"},{"title":"People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)","text":"previously held by the Multinational Force (MNF), until a cease-fire agreement mediated by the Syrian military intelligence chief in Lebanon, Major-General Ghazi Kanaan, was signed in late November. The terms of the agreement clearly favored Amal, which forced Walid Jumblatt on November 24 to publicly \"reconsider\" the military presence of his own PSP/PLA militia in the western sector of the Lebanese Capital. In January 1987, PLA bodyguards provided protection to the Church of England's special envoy Terry Waite during his trip to West Beirut to negotiate the release of several British hostages then held by the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO),","psg_id":"19370129"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"office in Kampala, Waite founded the Southern Sudan Project and was responsible for developing aid and development programmes for this war-torn region. His next post was in Rome where, from 1972, he worked as an International Consultant to the Medical Mission Sisters, a Roman Catholic order seeking to adapt to the leadership reforms of Vatican II. From this base, he travelled extensively throughout Asia, Africa, the Americas and Europe, conducting and advising on programmes concerned with institutional change and development, inter-cultural relations, group and inter-group dynamics and a broad range of development issues connected with health and education. Waite returned","psg_id":"1341671"},{"title":"1985 Beirut car bombing","text":"suggests that Casey's action was \"off the books\". On August 17, 1985, another major car bomb went off in a Christian suburb of East Beirut. The dynamites caused the death of fifty people. It was one of the worst explosions to take place in the city's east, which was relatively calm compared to the west. 1985 Beirut car bombing On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt allegedly organized by the American CIA and British intelligence. The","psg_id":"4969458"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"to master psychological T-group methods, with the aim of promoting increased active involvement from the laity. During this time he married Helen Frances Watters. As a student, Waite was greatly influenced by the teachings of Ralph Baldry. In 1969, he moved to Uganda where he worked as Provincial Training Advisor to Erica Sabiti, the first African Anglican Archbishop of Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi and, in that capacity, travelled extensively throughout East Africa. Together with his wife and their four children, Waite witnessed the Idi Amin coup in Uganda, he and his wife narrowly escaping death on several occasions. From his","psg_id":"1341670"},{"title":"1985 Beirut car bombing","text":"1985 Beirut car bombing On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt allegedly organized by the American CIA and British intelligence. The bombing killed more than 80 people and injured 200, almost all civilians. The bomb explosion, estimated to have been equivalent to 200 kg (440 lbs) of dynamite, occurred in the western Beirut suburb of Bir al-Abed, outside an apartment building. It killed worshippers, mostly women and girls, leaving Friday prayer services at an adjacent mosque,","psg_id":"4969453"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"also president of Emmaus UK, a charity for formerly homeless people. The son of a village policeman in Styal, Cheshire, Waite was educated at Stockton Heath County Secondary school where he became head boy. Although his parents were only nominally religious, he showed a commitment to Christianity from an early age and later became a Quaker and an Anglican. Waite joined the Grenadier Guards at Caterham Barracks, but an allergy to a dye in the uniform obliged him to depart after a few months. He then considered a monastic life, but instead joined the Church Army, a social welfare organisation","psg_id":"1341668"},{"title":"Imad Mughniyah","text":"William Francis Buckley, who was the CIA station chief in Beirut. Some of these individuals were killed by Mughniyeh directly , such as Buckley, who was brutally tortured and eventually murdered under his watch. The remainder were released at various times with the last one, Terry Anderson, released in 1991. On 30 September 1985, Mughniyeh allegedly organised the kidnapping of four diplomats from the Soviet Embassy in Beirut, one of whom he personally killed. The result of the kidnapping was Soviet pressure on Syria to stop its operations in Northern Lebanon in exchange for release of the remaining three hostages.","psg_id":"2474796"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"to the UK in 1978, where he took a job with the British Council of Churches. In 1980, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, appointed him the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assistant for Anglican Communion Affairs on the recommendation of Tomkins and Bishop John Howe. Based at Lambeth Palace, Waite again travelled extensively throughout the world and had a responsibility for the archbishop's diplomatic and ecclesiastical exchanges. He arranged and travelled with the archbishop on the first ever visit of an Archbishop of Canterbury to China and had responsibility for travels to Australia, New Zealand, Burma, the United States, Canada, the","psg_id":"1341672"},{"title":"Pete Waite","text":"the next year as a junior varsity coach at his alma mater, Monona Grove High School. Waite also coached one year at Bremen High School in Midlothian, Illinois. Waite was the head coach at Moraine Valley Community College in Palos Hills, Illinois, leading the Cyclones to the 1985 North Central Community College Conference championship. Waite was named the conference coach of the year in 1985. Waite was the assistant coach of Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. Waite was the head coach at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois, where he was the winningest volleyball coach in program history. He","psg_id":"12300305"},{"title":"John Gray (diplomat)","text":"John Gray (diplomat) Sir John Walton David Gray (1 October 1936 – 1 September 2003), was a senior British diplomat. In 1987, as the British ambassador to Beirut, Gray unsuccessfully attempted to dissuade Terry Waite from re-entering Beirut without proper protection, with the result that Waite was kidnapped and held for nearly five years. John Gray was born in at Burry Port in Carmarthenshire and educated at Blundell's School. After National Service in Cyprus and Egypt he attended Christ's College, Cambridge and later did postgraduate research in Arab nationalism at the Middle East Centre in Oxford and the American University","psg_id":"13199066"},{"title":"Jarrad Waite","text":"the 2005 season, finishing second behind Brendan Fevola for the club. Waite was shifted from the forward-line into the back-line during the 2007 NAB Cup where he played at centre half-back. However, during the home and away season, he again played predominately as a forward. In 2008, Waite returned to the back-line under new coach Brett Ratten. In 2009, Waite again began to spend time at both ends of the ground. However, in round 9, he suffered a season-ending knee after he partially tore his ACL after hyperextending his left knee when landing on a straight leg. He returned in","psg_id":"8057700"},{"title":"Aaron E. Waite","text":"age of 14 he became an apprentice broom maker, working for four years until also enrolling in school for two years. Waite then moved to New York at the age of 20. Once there he taught as an assistant teacher on Long Island at Flatbush in Erasmus Hall. Waite then returned to Massachusetts before moving west in 1837 and settled in Michigan. He settled in Centreville where he studied law under judge Columbia Lancaster and was admitted to the bar in 1842. Later he became the military secretary for governor John S. Barry of Michigan. In 1847, Waite headed to","psg_id":"10174736"},{"title":"History of the Central Intelligence Agency","text":"two most pressing issues for the CIA were the Contras and the hostages. On June 14, 1985, Hezbollah took TWA Flight 847, and executed an American Navy diver on the tarmac of Beirut Airport. Reagan negotiated a trade of prisoners for hostages. This paved the way for a trade of 504 TOW missiles to Iran for $10,000 each, and the release of Benjamin Weir, a captive of Islamic Jihad, the group that claimed responsibility for the Beirut bombings which later became Hezbollah. This broke two of the public pillars of Reagan's foreign policy: no deals with terrorists, and no arms","psg_id":"18746130"},{"title":"British Expedition to Abyssinia","text":"only twenty casualties, two fatally wounded men, nine seriously wounded, and nine lightly wounded. As such, the Arogye battle was far more bloody and consequential than the subsequent day's siege of the hill-top fort at Magdala. After repelling the Ethiopian attack, the British force moved onto Magdala the following day. As the British approached, Tewodros released two hostages on parole to offer terms. Napier insisted on release of the hostages and an unconditional surrender. Tewodros refused to unconditionally surrender, but released the European hostages over the next two days, while the native hostages had their hands and feet amputated before","psg_id":"6264542"},{"title":"Ignition (John Waite album)","text":"Ignition (John Waite album) Ignition is the debut solo album from English singer-songwriter John Waite (ex-vocalist for The Babys). It was released on Chrysalis Records in June 1982 and produced by Neil Giraldo (producer/guitarist for Pat Benatar, who was on the same label). Two singles were lifted from the record: the Holly Knight-penned \"Change\" which initially failed to make a significant dent on any chart except for the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, where it scored the #16 position. It was, however, one of MTV's most popular early videos. Upon the 1985 release of the soundtrack to the movie \"Vision Quest\",","psg_id":"15397028"},{"title":"Ric Waite","text":"Ric Waite Ric Waite (July 10, 1933 – February 18, 2012) was an American cinematographer whose numerous film and television credits included \"Red Dawn\", \"Footloose\", \"48 Hrs.\", and \"The Long Riders\". Waite received four Emmy nominations during his career. He won his only Emmy for his work on the 1976 NBC television miniseries, \"Captains and the Kings\". Waite was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He enlisted in the United States Air Force after graduation from high school and was a member of the Air Force's Photo Intelligence unit. He moved to New York City, where he owned a studio as a","psg_id":"16334619"},{"title":"John Gray (diplomat)","text":"in Cairo. He joined the diplomatic service in 1962 and retained his link with the Middle East throughout his career. Gray retired from the Foreign Office in 1996 and on returning to Wales became involved in public and community affairs, including: John Gray (diplomat) Sir John Walton David Gray (1 October 1936 – 1 September 2003), was a senior British diplomat. In 1987, as the British ambassador to Beirut, Gray unsuccessfully attempted to dissuade Terry Waite from re-entering Beirut without proper protection, with the result that Waite was kidnapped and held for nearly five years. John Gray was born in","psg_id":"13199067"},{"title":"Ian Waite","text":"the European Professional Latin American Championship. He went on to dance with Daisy Croes, from Belgium, who now appears on the Belgian version of \"Strictly Come Dancing\". After five years in the Netherlands he returned to home. By the summer of 2004, he had started to dance with Camilla Dallerup. Their first competition was the International Championships at the Royal Albert Hall, where they made the semi-final and in November of that year, they made the final of the British National Dance Championships. Waite lives in Finchampstead in Berkshire, and has expanded his career involving lecturing, demonstration dancing and big","psg_id":"6690206"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"to study, writing, lecturing and humanitarian activities. His second book, \"Footfalls in Memory\", a further meditation on his captivity in Lebanon, was published in the UK in 1995 and also became a best-seller. His latest book, published in October 2000, \"Travels with a Primate\", is a humorous account of his journeys with his former boss, Robert Runcie. Waite has also contributed articles to many journals and periodicals, ranging from \"Reader's Digest\" to the \"Kipling Journal\", and has also supplied articles and forewords to many books. In January 1996, Waite became patron of the Warrington Male Voice Choir in recognition of","psg_id":"1341676"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"of the Anglican Church modelled on the Salvation Army, undergoing training and studies in London. While he was held captive in the 1980s, many Church Army officers wore a simple badge with the letter \"H\" on it, to remind people that one of their members was still a hostage and was being supported in prayer daily by them and many others. In 1963, Waite was appointed Education Advisor to the Anglican Bishop of Bristol, Oliver Tomkins, and assisted with Tomkins's implementation of the SALT (Stewardship and Laity Training) programme in the diocese, along with Basil Moss. This position required Waite","psg_id":"1341669"},{"title":"David Penman","text":"of Churches, Patron of the National AIDS Trust and a member of the Australian National Council on AIDS. On his way to Britain for the 1988 Lambeth Conference he undertook a highly secretive detour to Iran in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to secure the release of Terry Waite, the personal envoy of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and several other western hostages. On 24 July 1989, after returning home from the Tokyo World Conference on Religion and Peace and the Lausanne Evangelical Congress in Manila, where he delivered a series of Bible studies, he suffered a severe heart attack. He was","psg_id":"11575659"},{"title":"Ralph Waite","text":"divorce. He had three daughters from his first marriage. His eldest daughter, Sharon Waite, died of leukemia when she was 9 years old in 1964. Liam Waite, one of Waite's stepsons, is also an actor. After 50 years away from organized religion, Waite returned in 2010 and became an active member of Spirit of the Desert Presbyterian Fellowship in Palm Desert, California. Waite ran unsuccessfully for Congress in California as a Democrat on three occasions: In 1990, he challenged veteran GOP incumbent Al McCandless in the Riverside County-based 37th district, losing by five percentage points. In 1998, Waite ran in","psg_id":"5414538"},{"title":"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration","text":"charging America with being behind Iraqi deaths and the refugee crisis and predicting the US would \"eventually be put on trial.\" On November 28, State Department officials announced the US and Iran had come to an agreement on the compensation of the 278 million to Teheran for undelivered equipment owned by the Iranians and made by Americans prior to the 1979 Islamic revolution. The agreement along with the release of hostages Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland were noted as being made possible by Iranian concessions and seen as reflections of \"Teheran's eagerness to put these issues behind it and win","psg_id":"20717984"},{"title":"1983 Kuwait bombings","text":"Frank Regier and Frenchman Christian Joubert, were held by Shia radicals demanding the release of the al-Dawa terrorists as the price of the hostages' release. On March 27, 1984, following the conviction of the al-Da'wa defendants, the hostagetakers threatened to kill their hostages if the Kuwaiti government carried through with the planned execution of the al-Dawa prisoners. A month later American Benjamin Weir was kidnapped by actors demanding the same. Anglican hostage negotiator Terry Waite appealed to the Emir of Kuwait and tried to get a visa to come to Kuwait. His failure to make progress in freeing the convicted","psg_id":"10683156"},{"title":"Fred Waite","text":"Fred Waite was born in the Chickasaw Nation at Fort Arbuckle, in what is now Garvin County, Oklahoma. Son of Catherine McClure Waite and Thomas Fletcher Waite. The grandson of Ela Teecha \"Ellen\" McClure and the Rev. A.J. McClure, a missionary from England to the Chickasaws. During the Civil War, the Waite family, pursued by Confederate soldiers, fled to the Sac and Fox reservation in Kansas. After the war, they returned to Indian Territory. Reportedly, Fred was sent to school at the Illinois Industrial University (Champaign, Illinois), but graduated from Mound City Commercial College in St. Louis, Missouri in 1874.","psg_id":"4614987"},{"title":"RAF Wroughton","text":"Following a visit to the hospital by Princess Alexandra on 4 July 1967, the Queen conferred the prefix \"Princess Alexandra's\" on the hospital on 4 October 1967. The hospital was the primary destination for returning casualties of the Falklands War in 1982. When the hostages from Beirut were released in August 1991, Wg Cdr Gordon Turnbull, a psychiatrist based at Wroughton, with his team, debriefed John McCarthy, Terry Waite and Jackie Mann and provided the counselling necessary to ease them back into freedom. The hospital closed on 31 March 1996 as part of the Conservative Government's defence cuts at the","psg_id":"4908567"},{"title":"Peter Waite (philanthropist)","text":"Peter Waite (philanthropist) Peter Waite (9 May 1834 – 4 April 1922) was a South Australian pastoralist, businessman, company director and public benefactor. Waite's philanthropic endeavors provided significant benefit to the University of Adelaide and to local public schools, and generations of students have benefited from his largesse. Waite was born at Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland, son of James Waite, a farmer, and his wife Elizabeth, \"née\" Stocks. Waite was left fatherless and after leaving school he was apprenticed to an ironmonger and spent nine years in commercial pursuits. Waite then sailed to Australia aboard the \"British Trident\", landed at Melbourne","psg_id":"5710471"},{"title":"Herbert Waite","text":"serve full-time and receive a salary of about $25,000 a year. Waite was elected to the position on February 8, 1971. On September 28, 1971, Waite submitted his resignation to the state committee, citing personal reasons. After his resignation, Waite returned to New England Electric as vice president for public relations & advertising. In 1973 he joined Bank of Boston as its First Vice President & Chief Lobbyist. He retired in December 1990 after he took advantage of the company's \"voluntary separation program\", which offered employees with at least 10 years with the bank enhanced severance pay if they chose","psg_id":"15591254"},{"title":"Morrison Waite","text":"law. Waite attended Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut, where one of his classmates was Lyman Trumbull. He graduated from Yale University in 1837 in a class with Samuel J. Tilden, who later was the 1876 Democratic presidential nominee. As a student at Yale, Waite became a member of the Skull and Bones and Brothers in Unity societies, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1837. Shortly after graduating, Waite became a law clerk for his father in 1837. Soon afterward Waite moved to Maumee, Ohio, where he studied law as an apprentice in the office of Samuel","psg_id":"2533761"},{"title":"A. E. Waite","text":"in the Library of the British Museum, studying many branches of esotericism. In 1881 Waite discovered the writings of Eliphas Levi. When Waite was almost 30 he married Ada Lakeman (also called \"Lucasta\"), and they had one daughter, Sybil. Some time after Lucasta's death in 1924, Waite married Mary Broadbent Schofield. He spent most of his life in or near London, connected to various publishing houses and editing a magazine, \"The Unknown World\". Waite joined the Outer Order of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn in January 1891 after being introduced by E.W. Berridge. In 1893 he withdrew from","psg_id":"718522"},{"title":"A. E. Waite","text":"Charles F. Waite, died when he was very young, and his widowed mother, Emma Lovell, returned to her home country of England, where he was then raised. As they were not well off, Waite was educated at a small private school in North London. When he was 13, he was then educated at St. Charles' College. When he left school to become a clerk he wrote verse in his spare time. In 1863 Waite's mother converted to Catholicism. The death of his sister Frederika Waite in 1874 soon attracted him into psychical research. At 21, he began to read regularly","psg_id":"718521"},{"title":"Pete Waite","text":"had an 11-year record of 266–102. NIU appeared in four NCAA tournaments under Waite. NIU won eight regular-season conference titles and six conference tournaments under Waite. Individually, Waite coached four AVCA all-region players, four conference players of the year, 14 first-team all-conference honorees, one conference newcomer of the year and four members of the conference all-newcomer team Waite is the all-time winningest volleyball coach in UW history, both in number of wins and winning percentage. Waite's teams made nine straight NCAA tournament appearances before missing the 2008 NCAA Tournament, snapping the streak. Under Waite, Wisconsin has won two Big Ten","psg_id":"12300306"},{"title":"Henry Matson Waite (engineer)","text":"Cincinnati, Ohio from 1911 to 1913. He was then elected as the first city manager of Dayton, Ohio in 1913 where he served a four-year term. He died on September 2, 1944. Henry Matson Waite (engineer) Colonel Henry Matson Waite (May 15, 1869 - September 2, 1944) was an engineer and the City Manager of Dayton, Ohio starting in 1913. He was the deputy administrator for the Public Works Administration from 1933 until September 1, 1935. He was born in Toledo, Ohio on May 15, 1869 to Henry Seldon Waite. Waite was the grandson of Morrison Waite, the Chief Justice","psg_id":"14730517"},{"title":"Cheryl L. Waite","text":"Cheryl L. Waite Judge Cheryl L. Waite is one of four judges elected to the Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals. She was first elected to the court in 1996, and re-elected to that bench in 2002 and 2008. She is currently running for her fourth term. She served as presiding judge of this court from 2003-2005 and 2011-2013. She was the first woman elected to serve on the Seventh District Court of Appeals. Born in 1959, she received her B.A. from Youngstown State University in 1982, and her J.D. law degree from Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in 1985. Judge","psg_id":"8323795"},{"title":"Jozef Waite","text":"producers of Dragon Blade released stills and a press release officially confirming Jozef's \"significant\" role as a Roman Prince in the upcoming movie. Jozef Waite Jozef Liu Waite (born 5 December 2007), is a British-Chinese actor, model and presenter. He is best known as \"Xi Meng Zi\" (西蒙子) from the TV show \"Grade One\" (一年級) which premiered on the Hunan Broadcasting System (湖南广播电视台) in 2014. Previously in 2012 he presented a regular feature on the Hunan Broadcasting System show Playing Tricks (玩名堂), broadcast nationally on the Aniworld Satellite TV channel Jozef has also modeled for several Chinese brand stores. Jozef","psg_id":"18453022"},{"title":"American University of Beirut","text":"are also AUB alumni. These “notable alumni,” which included some of the people who attended the San Francisco conference in 1945, are listed below: American University of Beirut The American University of Beirut (AUB) () is a private, secular and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 \"QS World University Rankings\". The American University of Beirut is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD and PhD degrees. It collaborates with","psg_id":"2647657"},{"title":"American University of Beirut","text":"American University of Beirut The American University of Beirut (AUB) () is a private, secular and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 \"QS World University Rankings\". The American University of Beirut is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD and PhD degrees. It collaborates with many universities around the world, notably with Columbia University, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine","psg_id":"2647636"},{"title":"Thomas Sutherland (academic)","text":"Thomas Sutherland (academic) Dr Thomas Sutherland (May 3, 1931 – July 22, 2016), Dean of Agriculture at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, was kidnapped by Islamic Jihad members near his Beirut home on June 9, 1985. He was released on November 18, 1991 at the same time as Terry Waite, having been held hostage for 2,353 days. Born in Falkirk, Scotland on May 3, 1931, Sutherland was signed as a 17-year-old by Rangers F.C. Sutherland obtained a BSc in Agriculture from the University of Glasgow, and moved to the United States in the 1950s. He was received a","psg_id":"3989905"},{"title":"German School Beirut","text":"Besançon, in 1978 to the ACS, and finally to Manara in the year 1980 where it remains till now. In 1980 classes resumed in a temporary location in Manara, Beirut. However the German teachers, making up 90% of the school's instructional staff, left after kidnappings of German citizens in the city occurred in 1985. In 1985 the German Abitur was no longer offered, and the Lebanese Brevet was the main degree that the students could acquire.The enrollment plummeted to 30 in 1989. War activity destroyed the school's Beirut campus that year. Damages also occurred at the Doha campus, which was","psg_id":"13362556"},{"title":"Arthur Waite (racing driver)","text":"Arthur Waite (racing driver) Colonel Arthur Waite , (1894–1991) was an Australian racing driver. Born in Adelaide, Arthur Waite served at Gallipoli and was later hospitalised where he met his later wife, Irene Austin, who was the daughter of Herbert Austin. After World War I Captain Waite joined his father-in-law's firm, the Austin Motor Company. While in the employ of Austin, Waite was sent back to Australia, where in Melbourne he established Austin Distributors. Prior to leaving for Australia he had established the firm's motor racing efforts, winning races himself at Brooklands and Monza. While in Australia he sent for","psg_id":"10527231"},{"title":"George Terry (police officer)","text":"George Terry (police officer) Sir George Walter Roberts Terry (29 May 1921 – 18 August 1995) was a senior British police officer, who served as Chief Constable of Pembrokeshire, East Sussex, Lincolnshire and Sussex Police Forces, and as President of the Association of Chief Police Officers. Terry was born on 29 May 1921, the son of Walter George Tygh Terry and his wife Constance Elizabeth Terry. After schooling in Peterborough, Terry joined the Birmingham City Constabulary in 1940, eventually securing promotion through the ranks to Superintendent. He served with the Northamptonshire Regiment in Italy from 1942 to 1946, rising to","psg_id":"20430460"},{"title":"Thomas Waite (regicide)","text":"petitioned for his release for the sake of their five children and Wayte was imprisoned in Mont Orgueil Castle on Jersey. He was buried at Saint Saviour, Jersey on 18 October 1688. Baptism Records Wymondham, Leicestershire, Wills of Thomas Waite, John Waite, and Henry Waite of Wymondham, Leicestershire. Will of Theodore Gulston MD of London. Thomas Waite (regicide) Thomas Waite, (died 1688 in Jersey) also known as Thomas Wayte was an English soldier who fought for Parliament in the English Civil War, a Member of Parliament for Rutland, and one of the regicides of King Charles I. Waite was probably","psg_id":"13553307"},{"title":"Aaron E. Waite","text":"election. Waite declined the nomination due to ill health and J. A. Chapman was elected instead. Waite married twice and had a total of six children, of which both of his wives and four of the children died before him. After serving on the court he retired to his farm that was located in Clackamas County. In 1891 he moved to Portland, Oregon, with most of his time in retirement spent managing his land holdings in the Pacific Northwest. Aaron E. Waite died on his farm near Canby on December 12, 1898, at the age of 84. Aaron E. Waite","psg_id":"10174739"},{"title":"Niall of the Nine Hostages","text":"have lived, so his descendants would only represent a minority of men in this group. There are various versions of how Niall gained his epithet \"Noígíallach\". The saga \"The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages\" says that he received five hostages from the five provinces of Ireland (Ulster, Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Meath), and one each from Scotland, the Saxons, the Britons and the Franks. Keating says that he received five from the five provinces of Ireland, and four from Scotland. O'Rahilly suggests that the nine hostages were from the kingdom of the Airgialla (literally \"hostage-givers\"), a satellite state","psg_id":"4132300"},{"title":"Imad Mughniyah","text":"school's president. On 20 September 1984, he is alleged to have attacked the US embassy annex building. The United States indicted Mughniyeh (and his collaborator Hassan Izz al-Din) for 14 June 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847, in which he tortured and murdered the U.S. Navy personnel Robert Stethem. Mughniyeh and his men allegedly tortured Stethem for hours, before killing him and dumping his body onto the airport tarmac. U.S. and Israeli officials have also alleged that Mughniyeh was involved in numerous kidnappings of Americans in Beirut during the 1980s, most notably the kidnapping of Terry Anderson, Terry Waite, and","psg_id":"2474795"},{"title":"Davis Waite House","text":"Davis Waite House The Davis Waite House is located on West Francis Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a wooden structure in Victorian architectural styles built during the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with several other historic properties in the city. Davis H. Waite, an early owner, was one of the founding publishers of \"The Aspen Daily Times\". He was later elected governor of Colorado. After a single term he returned to Aspen. Later owners included Herbert Bayer, an Austrian architect extensively involved in the mid-20th-century renovation of Aspen,","psg_id":"15806480"},{"title":"Davis Waite House","text":"Orville Anderson, who chaired the board of the Aspen Institute. Davis Waite House The Davis Waite House is located on West Francis Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a wooden structure in Victorian architectural styles built during the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with several other historic properties in the city. Davis H. Waite, an early owner, was one of the founding publishers of \"The Aspen Daily Times\". He was later elected governor of Colorado. After a single term he returned to Aspen. Later owners included Herbert Bayer, an","psg_id":"15806489"},{"title":"David Waite","text":"in 2000 for the Rugby Football League. In February 2001, he was appointed head coach and technical director of the Great Britain rugby league side. Waite stepped down from this role in 2003. During 2006 he worked behind the scenes with Catalans Dragons in their inaugural season in the European Super League. He returned to Australia at the end of the 2006 season. In 1995 Waite coached South Australia in the National Championship Grimace David Waite David Waite (born 30 May 1951) is an Australian former rugby league footballer and coach. He has also coached Great Britain in the Rugby","psg_id":"7036183"},{"title":"David Waite","text":"David Waite David Waite (born 30 May 1951) is an Australian former rugby league footballer and coach. He has also coached Great Britain in the Rugby League Tri-Nations. Waite was born in New South Wales, Australia. Waite holds a British passport, courtesy of his father being born in Leicester. Waite was a Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs junior and played with their President's Cup side in 1969. The following season he played with Wests Wollongong in the Illawarra Rugby League competition. It was whilst playing for Wests Wollongong that he first represented for Country, NSW and Australia. He spent two seasons with the","psg_id":"7036179"},{"title":"Edgar Ravenswood Waite","text":"Edgar Ravenswood Waite Edgar Ravenswood Waite (5 May 1866 – 19 January 1928) was a British/Australian zoologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and ornithologist. Waite was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, the second son of John Waite, a bank clerk, and his wife Jane, \"née\" Vause. Waite was educated at Leeds Parish Church Middle Class School and at the Victoria University of Manchester. In 1888 he was appointed sub-curator of the Leeds Museum and three years later was made curator. On 7 April 1892 Waite married Rose Edith Green at St. Matthew's parish church, Leeds. In 1893 Waite became zoologist at the Australian","psg_id":"6956209"},{"title":"Fred Waite","text":"He returned home to manage the family store after his father's death. He also managed a crew of thirty ranch hands who were looking after about a thousand head of cattle. As Fred grew older, he decided to become a cowboy. He left home in 1875, intending to go to Colorado. Somehow, he wound up in Lincoln County, New Mexico, where he got a job as a ranch hand with John Chisum in 1877. Waite found work in New Mexico with John Tunstall, who was later to be one of the leaders of the Tunstall-McSween vs. Dolan war, better known","psg_id":"4614988"},{"title":"Edgar Ravenswood Waite","text":"papers to various scientific publications. A species of Australian blind snake, \"Ramphotyphlops waitii\", is named in his honour. Edgar Ravenswood Waite Edgar Ravenswood Waite (5 May 1866 – 19 January 1928) was a British/Australian zoologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and ornithologist. Waite was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, the second son of John Waite, a bank clerk, and his wife Jane, \"née\" Vause. Waite was educated at Leeds Parish Church Middle Class School and at the Victoria University of Manchester. In 1888 he was appointed sub-curator of the Leeds Museum and three years later was made curator. On 7 April 1892 Waite","psg_id":"6956214"},{"title":"Terry (Kirsty MacColl song)","text":"1985, Tracey Ullman took the song one place higher on the UK charts, peaking at #81. Ullman's version of \"Terry\" used the identical backing track to the MacColl version, merely erasing MacColl's lead vocal and substituting Ullman's. (MacColl co-produced both versions of \"Terry\".) On the 12\" release, an extended version of \"Terry\" is used. Terry (Kirsty MacColl song) \"Terry\" is a song by Kirsty MacColl, released as a single in October 1983, and charting at #82 in the UK the following month. It was her first release after returning to Stiff Records, and was the last in a run of","psg_id":"11743625"},{"title":"Aaron E. Waite","text":"Aaron E. Waite Aaron E. Waite (December 26, 1813 – December 12, 1898) was an American judge and politician. He was the 4th Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court serving from 1859 to 1862. He was the first chief justice after Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859. A Massachusetts native, Waite also served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature. Aaron Waite (sometimes spelled \"Wait\") was born on December 26, 1813, in Franklin County, Massachusetts, where he was raised by his grandfather and an uncle. His father had died as a soldier in the War of 1812. At the","psg_id":"10174735"},{"title":"Terry Waite","text":"the humanitarian role adopted by the choir following the Warrington bomb attacks. Since then, he has appeared with the choir for performances in prisons in UK and Ireland to assist in rehabilitation programmes. Prison concerts have become a regular feature of the choir's Christmas activities. He is also a co-founder of Y Care International, a development agency linked to the YMCA movement. In 2004, he founded Hostage UK, an organisation designed to give support to hostage families. He is also president of Emmaus UK, and patron of the Romany Society. On 31 March 2007, Waite offered to travel to Iran","psg_id":"1341677"},{"title":"David Waite","text":"series in Australia. He scored three tries in the Kangaroos versus Rest of The World match in early 1974 but broke his jaw that season and missed the early representative games. He returned to the Test team for the opening match of the Ashes series but was dropped following Australia's 16-11 second Test loss. Waite is named in the Australian Players Register as Kangaroo No. 447. In 1984 he was appointed coach of the Australian Schoolboys team. A position as coach of Canterbury under 23s followed from 1985 to 1987 and he was then Newcastle reserve grade coach from 1988","psg_id":"7036181"},{"title":"1985 British Saloon Car Championship","text":"1985 British Saloon Car Championship The 1985 Trimoco RAC [British Saloon Car Championship was the 28th season of the championship. Andy Rouse won his third consecutive BSCC championship in a Ford Sierra, making it a record four titles in total. Guest drivers in \"italics\". All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold. Points were awarded on a 9, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 basis to the top six finishers in each class, with one bonus point for the fastest lap in each class. In races where a class had less than four starters, points would be","psg_id":"13946481"},{"title":"Robert C. MacKenzie","text":"and leadership in action.\" When the Rhodesian Bush War ended with the Lancaster House Agreement, MacKenzie resigned from the new Zimbabwe National Army and joined the South African Defence Force as a Special Forces Major. The following year, he joined the Transkei Defence Force as second-in-command, Transkei Special Forces Regiment. In 1985, after 15 years serving abroad, he returned to the United States. \"SOF\"'s Robert K. Brown gave MacKenzie a job as a contributing editor for unconventional operations, and MacKenzie continued his unconventional career. In Mozambique, he worked with RENAMO, securing the release of seven Western hostages. He also trained","psg_id":"9075509"},{"title":"Lennie Waite","text":"Lennie Waite Lennie Waite (born 4 February 1986 in Paisley, Scotland) is a British track and field athlete. She represented Great Britain in the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 3000m Steeplechase. She holds a personal best of 9:35.91 in the 3000m Steeplechase, achieved on 12 June 2016 at the Portland Track Festival. She is the fifth fastest British Steeplechaser of all-time. Waite attended Rice University. She graduated cum laude in 2008 with a B.A. in Psychology, Economics, and Managerial Studies. During her time at Rice, she set school records in the mile, 1500m and 3000m steeplechase. Her records still hold","psg_id":"18607738"},{"title":"John Waite","text":"John Waite John Charles Waite (born 4 July 1952) is an English musician. He was lead vocalist for The Babys and Bad English. As a solo artist, 1984's \"Missing You\" was a No. 1 hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and a top ten hit on the UK Singles Chart. Waite was born in Lancaster, and was educated at Lancaster Art College (The Storey Institute). Waite first came to attention as the lead singer and bassist of The Babys, a British rock band that had moderate chart success, including two pop hits that both coincidentally peaked at No. 13","psg_id":"3683440"},{"title":"1985–86 Paris attacks","text":"initially accused Iran of \"instigating the 1986 bombing campaign and of giving support to a cell of North African terrorists,\" and a subsequent diplomatic row caused France to sever its ties with Iran. France eventually allowed , who was wanted for questioning in connection with the Paris attacks, to leave the Iranian embassy in Paris for Iran in order to secure the release of two French hostages who had subsequently been kidnapped by Hezbollah in Beirut, a move that was condemned by the United Kingdom and the United States for setting a \"dangerous precedent\" in dealing with hostage situations. After","psg_id":"20336196"},{"title":"Richard A. Waite","text":"died in 1911, survived by brother William T (also an architect), and by his five children: Richard A. Waite Richard Alfred Waite (May 14, 1848 – January 7, 1911) was a British-born American architect in the late 19th century. Richard Waite was born in London in 1848 as one of seven children (surviving included William T, Helen and Jennie) of Charles Henry Waite and his wife Harriet Humphries Holland. Richard Waite's father moved to America in 1856 with his wife and children and settled in Buffalo, New York to work in a printing company. Waite like many early architects, learned","psg_id":"6146020"},{"title":"Richard A. Waite","text":"Richard A. Waite Richard Alfred Waite (May 14, 1848 – January 7, 1911) was a British-born American architect in the late 19th century. Richard Waite was born in London in 1848 as one of seven children (surviving included William T, Helen and Jennie) of Charles Henry Waite and his wife Harriet Humphries Holland. Richard Waite's father moved to America in 1856 with his wife and children and settled in Buffalo, New York to work in a printing company. Waite like many early architects, learned building design as an apprentice. He studied mechanical engineering in New York City under John Ericsson,","psg_id":"6146018"},{"title":"The Order of Release","text":"The Order of Release The Order of Release, 1746 is a painting by John Everett Millais exhibited in 1853. It is notable for marking the beginnings of Millais's move away from the highly detailed Pre-Raphaelitism of his early years. Effie Gray, who later left her husband for the artist, modelled for the principal figure. The painting depicts the wife of a rebel Scottish soldier, who has been imprisoned after the Jacobite rising of 1745, arriving with an order securing his release. She holds her child, showing the order to a guard, while her husband embraces her. The \"Illustrated London News\"","psg_id":"9031983"},{"title":"Jamie Waite","text":"Jamie Waite Jamie Waite (born 20 February 1986) is a Thai professional football goalkeeper who plays for Lowestoft Town. He has represented Thailand at full international level. He was born in Plymouth. Waite, the son of a British father and Thai mother, began his career as a junior in Thailand and made his debut for the national side aged just 15 years and 354 days when he came on as a second-half substitute in a game against Singapore in Bangkok. His form for the Thai national team attracted the attention of Rotherham United with who Waite started a three-year scholarship","psg_id":"10725333"},{"title":"Tyrell Waite","text":"Tyrell Waite Tyrell Michael Nathaniel Waite (born 1 July 1994) is an English footballer who currently plays for Southern League Premier Central side Tamworth, where he plays as a forward. Waite came through the Ilkeston youth academy, scored the club's first ever competitive goal, and signed a two-year professional contract with the Northern Premier League Division One South club in March 2012. Later in that month he was signed by League One club Notts County, after impressing manager Keith Curle during a two-week trial. He made his debut for the club on 21 August 2012, replacing Lee Hughes 88 minutes","psg_id":"16728686"},{"title":"A. E. Waite","text":"A. E. Waite Arthur Edward Waite (2 October 1857 – 19 May 1942), commonly known as A. E. Waite, was an American-born British poet and scholarly mystic who wrote extensively on occult and esoteric matters, and was the co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck. As his biographer R. A. Gilbert described him, \"Waite's name has survived because he was the first to attempt a systematic study of the history of western occultism—viewed as a spiritual tradition rather than as aspects of proto-science or as the pathology of religion.\" Waite was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States. Waite's father, Capt.","psg_id":"718520"},{"title":"Lawrence Jenco","text":"suffered serious eye infections and other health problems as a result of his captivity. In changing from one hiding place to another, he was bound with tape and placed in stifling hiding places in trucks, lest he be found by soldiers or police inspecting a vehicle. He also suffered beatings by the guards. After a period of 18 months imprisonment, Jenco was freed on July 26, 1986, after months of negotiations involving the Reagan Administration, Shiite radicals and the Anglican envoy Terry Waite, who was himself later held hostage in Beirut for four and a half years. After his death,","psg_id":"2544074"},{"title":"A. E. Waite","text":"It is known that the inspiration for this deck was partly provided by Sola-Busca Tarot (Northern Italy, 1491), the first and only fully illustrated Tarot deck up to the time of publication of the Rider-Waite Tarot. A. E. Waite Arthur Edward Waite (2 October 1857 – 19 May 1942), commonly known as A. E. Waite, was an American-born British poet and scholarly mystic who wrote extensively on occult and esoteric matters, and was the co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck. As his biographer R. A. Gilbert described him, \"Waite's name has survived because he was the first to attempt a","psg_id":"718527"},{"title":"Herbert Waite","text":"to retire early. After retiring he represented J. P. Morgan, Citibank, and the Bankers Roundtable before the United States Congress. After becoming a lobbyist, Waite resided in Huddleston and Roanoke, Virginia. Waite died on July 23, 2007. Herbert Waite Herbert Roswell Waite (June 22, 1928 – July 23, 2007) was an American public relations executive, political figure, and lobbyist who served as Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican State Committee from February to September 1971. Waite was born and raised in Belmont, Massachusetts and graduated from Belmont High School. During World War II, he served with the United States Marine Corps","psg_id":"15591255"},{"title":"Terry Fenwick","text":"his managerial days in England, Fenwick has spent a considerable amount of time in Trinidad and Tobago, where he has enjoyed a great degree of managerial success - winning the country's professional football league on four occasions (2002, 2003, 2007, and 2008). After securing a place in the Caribbean Champions League for Central FC, Fenwick signed for CS Visé in the Belgian Second Division at the time of the signature but the club was relegated at the end of the season. Terry Fenwick Terence William Fenwick (born 17 November 1959) is an English football coach and former player. Playing as","psg_id":"5992837"},{"title":"John Waite (footballer)","text":"teams, including Lincolnshire Colts, Cleethorpes Town, British Titan Products and Lindsey Oil Refinery. Waite also wrote a weekly column for the \"Grimsby Telegraph\". He also reported live on running matches on local radio. Waite married his childhood sweetheart Susan Dale, who lived in the same neighborhood, in 1963. They had two children, Sally and Mark, the latter a professional soccer coach in the United States. Waite died on 3 April 2016. He was 74. John Waite (footballer) John Aidan Waite (16 January 1942 – 3 April 2016) was an English professional football player and manager. He played for Grimsby Town,","psg_id":"19437212"},{"title":"Stacey Waite","text":"Stacey Waite Stacey Waite is a poet—focusing on both slam and written verse—who also works as an Assistant Professor of English at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Waite's poetry often explores themes of the body—of the intersections of gender, sexuality, place and relationships. She has published four collections of poetry over the past several years. Waite attended her first live slam poetry performance in New York City as a teen. Since moving to Nebraska, Waite has worked as a teaching artist with the Nebraska Writers Collective and its slam-poetry program Louder Than A Bomb (LTAB). LTAB allows high school students from","psg_id":"19394117"},{"title":"Fred Waite (politician)","text":"revised edition. Waite also worked on the production of the three other volumes in the series, which were published around the same time. After the war, Waite returned to his Balclutha property which he converted to dairy farming. He remained a member of the TF for several years and was a major in the Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment before being promoted to lieutenant colonel and becoming its commander from 1927 to 1930. For his prolonged service with the TF, he eventually received the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration. In 1935 he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.","psg_id":"14253939"},{"title":"Charles Burlingame Waite","text":"Charles Burlingame Waite Charles Burlingame Waite (Wayne County, New York, 29 January 1824 – 1909) was a United States lawyer, jurist and author. He was educated at Knox College, Illinois, studied law at Galesburg and Rock Island, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. After 15 years' successful practice, chiefly in Chicago, he was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 associate justice of the Utah Supreme Court. In 1865 he resigned this post and became district attorney of Idaho, and a year later he returned to Chicago and devoted himself to literary pursuits. In 1854 he married Catharine","psg_id":"16575938"},{"title":"Terry Dozier","text":"have three daughters Kacey, Kelcee and Terinee. Terry Dozier Terry Linnard Dozier (born June 29, 1966 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a retired American professional basketball small forward who played high school basketball at Dunbar High in Baltimore, and later attended the University of South Carolina, where he played the full four years from 1985 to 1989. After his collegiate playing career was over, he went undrafted, but still managed to play 9 games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Charlotte Hornets during the 1989–90 season. His NBA career-highs are: 16 minutes, 6 points, 5 rebounds (3 defensive, 2","psg_id":"17759133"},{"title":"Terry Dozier","text":"Terry Dozier Terry Linnard Dozier (born June 29, 1966 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a retired American professional basketball small forward who played high school basketball at Dunbar High in Baltimore, and later attended the University of South Carolina, where he played the full four years from 1985 to 1989. After his collegiate playing career was over, he went undrafted, but still managed to play 9 games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Charlotte Hornets during the 1989–90 season. His NBA career-highs are: 16 minutes, 6 points, 5 rebounds (3 defensive, 2 offensive), 1 assist, 2 steals and 1","psg_id":"17759131"},{"title":"Waite Court","text":"Waite Court The Waite Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1874 to 1888, when Morrison Waite served as the seventh Chief Justice of the United States. Waite succeeded Salmon P. Chase as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Waite served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Melville Fuller was nominated and confirmed as Waite's successor. The Waite Court presided over the end of the Reconstruction Era, and the start of the Gilded Age. It also played an important role during the constitutional crisis that arose following the 1876 presidential election, as five","psg_id":"16560318"},{"title":"Charlie Waite","text":"Charlie Waite Charlie Waite (born 18 February 1949) is an English landscape photographer noted for his \"painterly\" approach in using light and shade. Born in England, he worked in theatre and television for the first ten years of his professional life before moving to photography. He is noted for his square format images using a 6x6 Hasselblad. Waite is the recipient of a number of awards including the prestigious Honorary Fellowship to the British Institute of Professional Photography as well as Amateur Photography's 'Power of Photography Award' and is frequently invited all over the world to give lectures on landscape","psg_id":"9368186"},{"title":"John Waite (broadcaster)","text":"its inception, and is the voice on \"The Economist\"’s weekly podcast. In 1990 a John Waite BBC Radio 4 broadcast was sampled by electronic band The Orb and used on their Little Fluffy Clouds single. At the beginning of the track John Waite can clearly be heard saying \"Over the past few years, to the traditional sounds of an English summer, the drone of lawnmowers, the smack of leather on willow, has been added a new noise...\". The Single went on to be a Number 10 hit on a 1993 re-release. As witnessed in April 2017, John Waite does some","psg_id":"10218470"},{"title":"Electoral district of Waite","text":"Electoral district of Waite Waite is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after Peter Waite, a 19th century entrepreneur and philanthropist, it covers 75.4 km² of suburbs and foothills in Adelaide's inner south-east, taking in the suburbs of Belair, Blackwood, Brown Hill Creek, Coromandel East, Coromandel Valley, Crafers West, Craigburn Farm, Eden Hills, Glenalta, Hawthorndene, Kingswood, Lynton, Mitcham, Netherby, Springfield, Torrens Park, Urrbrae as well as part of Upper Sturt. Waite was created in the 1991 electoral distribution as a comfortably safe Liberal seat, replacing the abolished district of Mitcham, the only single-member lower","psg_id":"7380633"},{"title":"Electoral district of Waite","text":"election and was succeeded by Sam Duluk, the former Liberal member for Davenport. Electoral district of Waite Waite is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after Peter Waite, a 19th century entrepreneur and philanthropist, it covers 75.4 km² of suburbs and foothills in Adelaide's inner south-east, taking in the suburbs of Belair, Blackwood, Brown Hill Creek, Coromandel East, Coromandel Valley, Crafers West, Craigburn Farm, Eden Hills, Glenalta, Hawthorndene, Kingswood, Lynton, Mitcham, Netherby, Springfield, Torrens Park, Urrbrae as well as part of Upper Sturt. Waite was created in the 1991 electoral distribution as a comfortably","psg_id":"7380635"},{"title":"Change (John Waite song)","text":"Change (John Waite song) \"Change\" is a song written by Holly Knight and originally recorded by her then-band, Spider, who released the song on their 1981 second album, \"Between the Lines.\" The following year, English musician John Waite, newly a solo artist after fronting The Babys, recorded a version. It was released in 1982 as the lead single from Waite's Chrysalis Records album \"Ignition\". The song reached No. 16 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. It was aided by a hugely popular MTV music video. The song (Waite's version) was also featured on the 1985 \"Vision Quest\" soundtrack. The","psg_id":"20123857"},{"title":"Niall of the Nine Hostages","text":"the 11th-century \"The Adventure of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon\" and \"The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages\". These sources date from long after Niall's time and they have little to no value as history. A legendary account of Niall's birth and early life is given in the possibly-11th-century tale \"Echtra mac nEchach Muimedóin\" (\"The adventure of the sons of Eochaid Mugmedón\"). In it, Eochaid Mugmedón, the High King of Ireland, has five sons, four, Brión, Ailill, Fiachrae and Fergus, by his first wife Mongfind, sister of the king of Munster, Crimthann mac Fidaig, and a fifth, Niall, by","psg_id":"4132282"},{"title":"Law of Hostages","text":"to be used against or they refrained because they did not want to cause strife in their community. The law was repealed in November 1799 after Napoleon took power in the Coup of 18 Brumaire. Law of Hostages The Law of Hostages was a 1799 law enacted by the French Directory, during the final stages of the French Revolution in July-October 1799, in order to strengthen its power in regions that the Directory viewed as problematic. The law allowed local authorities to draw up lists of \"hostages\" who would be held responsible for certain criminal offences, and was particularly intended","psg_id":"5962388"},{"title":"Peter Busby Waite","text":"Peter Busby Waite Peter Busby Waite, (born 1922) is a Canadian historian, and a retired Dalhousie University professor. Born in Toronto, Ontario, he attended high school in Saint John, New Brunswick. He obtained B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of British Columbia, and a PhD degree from the University of Toronto. He served with the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II, attaining the rank of Lieutenant. Popularly known as P.B. Waite, Dr. Waite began his association in 1951 with Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He taught at Dalhousie first as a lecturer in history (1951–55), then assistant","psg_id":"12195358"},{"title":"Ric Waite","text":"Grill\", which aired in 1979. Waite earned his fourth, and final, Emmy nomination in 1996 for the television movie, \"Andersonville\", which aired on TNT. Waite's feature film debut as a cinematographer was \"The Long Riders\", a 1980 Western film directed by \"Walter Hill\". His numerous film credits as director of photography included \"Footloose\" by Herbert Ross; \"Red Dawn\" by John Milius; \"Brewster's Millions\", a 1985 film also by Hill; \"Summer Rental\" by director Carl Reiner; \"Volunteers\" by Nicholas Meyer; Cobra by George P. Cosmatos; and \"Adventures in Babysitting\" by Chris Columbus. Waite moved to the Denver metropolitan area in 2002.","psg_id":"16334621"},{"title":"Battle of Beirut (1941)","text":"of Acre. The armistice placed Syria under the French general Charles de Gaulle. The triumphant entry of the Australian 7th Division into Beirut successfully established the Allied occupation of Lebanon. Beirut later became an important Allied base for Mediterranean naval operations. Battle of Beirut (1941) The Battle of Beirut (12 July 1941) marked the end of hostilities in the Syria-Lebanon campaign of World War II. The campaign saw the initial Allied deployment of 2 brigades of the Australian 7th Division, a brigade from the 1st British Cavalry Division, the 5th Indian Infantry Brigade which was deployed immediately from Eritrea after","psg_id":"10493821"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Caribbean and South Africa. In 1980, Waite successfully negotiated the release of several hostages in Iran: Iraj Mottahedeh (Anglican priest in Esfahan), Dimitri Bellos (diocesan officer), Nosrat Sharifian (Anglican priest in Kerman), Fazeli (church member), Jean Waddell (who was secretary to the Iranian Anglican bishop Hassan Dehqani-Tafti), Canon John Coleman, and Coleman's wife. On 10 November 1984, he negotiated with Colonel Gaddafi for the release of the four remaining British hostages held in the Libyan Hostage Situation, Michael Berdinner, Alan Russell, Malcolm Anderson and Robin Plummer and was again successful. From 1985, Waite became involved in hostage negotiation in Lebanon,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Terry Waite Terence Hardy \\\"Terry\\\" Waite (born 31 May 1939) is an English humanitarian and author. Waite was the Assistant for Anglican Communion Affairs for the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, in the 1980s. As an envoy for the Church of England, he travelled to Lebanon to try to secure the release of four hostages, including the journalist John McCarthy. He was himself kidnapped and held captive from 1987 to 1991. He is president of the charity Y Care International (the YMCA's international development and relief agency) and patron of AbleChildAfrica and Habitat for Humanity Great Britain. He is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341667\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"to negotiate with those holding British sailors and marines seized by Iran in disputed waters on 23 March 2007. Waite has a particular regard for Eastern Orthodoxy and the writings of Carl Jung. In 2008, he joined the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers. In 2004, Waite returned to Beirut for the first time since his release from captivity. He told the BBC, \\\"If you are bitter, it will eat you up and do more damage to you than to the people who have hurt you.\\\" Waite travelled again to Beirut in December 2012 to reconcile with his captors and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"of the hostages as he was promised safe conduct to visit the hostages, who, he was told, were ill. The group broke trust and took him hostage on 20 January 1987. Waite remained in captivity for 1,763 days, the first four years of which were spent in solitary confinement. He was finally released on 18 November 1991. Following his release he was elected a Fellow Commoner at Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he wrote his first book, \\\"Taken on Trust\\\", an account of his captivity in Lebanon. It became a best-seller in the UK and internationally. Waite decided to devote himself\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"and he assisted in negotiations which secured the release of Lawrence Jenco and David Jacobsen. His use of an American helicopter to travel secretly between Cyprus and Lebanon and his appearance with Lt Colonel Oliver North, however, meant that he was compromised when the Irangate scandal broke. Against advice, Waite felt a need to demonstrate his continuing trust and integrity, and his commitment to the remaining hostages. He arrived in Beirut on 12 January 1987 with the intention of negotiating with the Islamic Jihad Organization, which was holding the men. On 20 January 1987, he agreed to meet the captors\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"lay to rest what he described as the ghosts of the past. In 1992, Waite received the Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of Worship. In 1992, Durham University made him an honorary Doctor of Civil Law. In 2001, Anglia Ruskin University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Philosophy. On 30 May 2009, at a ceremony in Ely Cathedral, the Open University made him an honorary D.Univ. He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Chester in 2009. In 2006 he was elected a \\\"Visiting Fellow\\\" of Magdalen College, Oxford. Terry Waite Terence Hardy \\\"Terry\\\" Waite (born 31\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jackie Mann\",\n \"text\": \"leave immediately following the Salman Rushdie affair in February of that year. In September 1989, it was reported that his wife Sunnie had been told that Mann was dead, by a man who asked to meet her in a Beirut shopping centre. Jackie Mann was eventually released on 24 September 1991 after negotiations by the British and US governments succeeded in bringing about the release of several Western hostages. He had been held at the same time as other UK and Irish hostages in Lebanon, notably journalist John McCarthy, church envoy Terry Waite and author Brian Keenan. On his release,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11956283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Waite (broadcaster)\",\n \"text\": \"vulnerable young people giving evidence in court. He says the worst moment in his career was being so keen to get his microphone close to Prince Charles he stood heavily on his toe. Waite was a spokesperson while his cousin, Terry Waite, was held hostage in Beirut in the 1990s. He remembers presenting a special programme for his cousin, which Terry managed to hear. Waite has received numerous awards including a Radio Oscar (Sony) for Broadcaster of the Year. He also hosts \\\"Pick of the Week\\\" on Radio 4. Waite has also fronted the National Trust Magazine's audio version since\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10218469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)\",\n \"text\": \"previously held by the Multinational Force (MNF), until a cease-fire agreement mediated by the Syrian military intelligence chief in Lebanon, Major-General Ghazi Kanaan, was signed in late November. The terms of the agreement clearly favored Amal, which forced Walid Jumblatt on November 24 to publicly \\\"reconsider\\\" the military presence of his own PSP/PLA militia in the western sector of the Lebanese Capital. In January 1987, PLA bodyguards provided protection to the Church of England's special envoy Terry Waite during his trip to West Beirut to negotiate the release of several British hostages then held by the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19370129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"office in Kampala, Waite founded the Southern Sudan Project and was responsible for developing aid and development programmes for this war-torn region. His next post was in Rome where, from 1972, he worked as an International Consultant to the Medical Mission Sisters, a Roman Catholic order seeking to adapt to the leadership reforms of Vatican II. From this base, he travelled extensively throughout Asia, Africa, the Americas and Europe, conducting and advising on programmes concerned with institutional change and development, inter-cultural relations, group and inter-group dynamics and a broad range of development issues connected with health and education. Waite returned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 Beirut car bombing\",\n \"text\": \"suggests that Casey's action was \\\"off the books\\\". On August 17, 1985, another major car bomb went off in a Christian suburb of East Beirut. The dynamites caused the death of fifty people. It was one of the worst explosions to take place in the city's east, which was relatively calm compared to the west. 1985 Beirut car bombing On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt allegedly organized by the American CIA and British intelligence. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4969458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"to master psychological T-group methods, with the aim of promoting increased active involvement from the laity. During this time he married Helen Frances Watters. As a student, Waite was greatly influenced by the teachings of Ralph Baldry. In 1969, he moved to Uganda where he worked as Provincial Training Advisor to Erica Sabiti, the first African Anglican Archbishop of Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi and, in that capacity, travelled extensively throughout East Africa. Together with his wife and their four children, Waite witnessed the Idi Amin coup in Uganda, he and his wife narrowly escaping death on several occasions. From his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 Beirut car bombing\",\n \"text\": \"1985 Beirut car bombing On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt allegedly organized by the American CIA and British intelligence. The bombing killed more than 80 people and injured 200, almost all civilians. The bomb explosion, estimated to have been equivalent to 200 kg (440 lbs) of dynamite, occurred in the western Beirut suburb of Bir al-Abed, outside an apartment building. It killed worshippers, mostly women and girls, leaving Friday prayer services at an adjacent mosque,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4969453\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"also president of Emmaus UK, a charity for formerly homeless people. The son of a village policeman in Styal, Cheshire, Waite was educated at Stockton Heath County Secondary school where he became head boy. Although his parents were only nominally religious, he showed a commitment to Christianity from an early age and later became a Quaker and an Anglican. Waite joined the Grenadier Guards at Caterham Barracks, but an allergy to a dye in the uniform obliged him to depart after a few months. He then considered a monastic life, but instead joined the Church Army, a social welfare organisation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imad Mughniyah\",\n \"text\": \"William Francis Buckley, who was the CIA station chief in Beirut. Some of these individuals were killed by Mughniyeh directly , such as Buckley, who was brutally tortured and eventually murdered under his watch. The remainder were released at various times with the last one, Terry Anderson, released in 1991. On 30 September 1985, Mughniyeh allegedly organised the kidnapping of four diplomats from the Soviet Embassy in Beirut, one of whom he personally killed. The result of the kidnapping was Soviet pressure on Syria to stop its operations in Northern Lebanon in exchange for release of the remaining three hostages.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2474796\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"to the UK in 1978, where he took a job with the British Council of Churches. In 1980, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, appointed him the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assistant for Anglican Communion Affairs on the recommendation of Tomkins and Bishop John Howe. Based at Lambeth Palace, Waite again travelled extensively throughout the world and had a responsibility for the archbishop's diplomatic and ecclesiastical exchanges. He arranged and travelled with the archbishop on the first ever visit of an Archbishop of Canterbury to China and had responsibility for travels to Australia, New Zealand, Burma, the United States, Canada, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341672\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pete Waite\",\n \"text\": \"the next year as a junior varsity coach at his alma mater, Monona Grove High School. Waite also coached one year at Bremen High School in Midlothian, Illinois. Waite was the head coach at Moraine Valley Community College in Palos Hills, Illinois, leading the Cyclones to the 1985 North Central Community College Conference championship. Waite was named the conference coach of the year in 1985. Waite was the assistant coach of Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. Waite was the head coach at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois, where he was the winningest volleyball coach in program history. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12300305\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Gray (diplomat)\",\n \"text\": \"John Gray (diplomat) Sir John Walton David Gray (1 October 1936 – 1 September 2003), was a senior British diplomat. In 1987, as the British ambassador to Beirut, Gray unsuccessfully attempted to dissuade Terry Waite from re-entering Beirut without proper protection, with the result that Waite was kidnapped and held for nearly five years. John Gray was born in at Burry Port in Carmarthenshire and educated at Blundell's School. After National Service in Cyprus and Egypt he attended Christ's College, Cambridge and later did postgraduate research in Arab nationalism at the Middle East Centre in Oxford and the American University\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13199066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jarrad Waite\",\n \"text\": \"the 2005 season, finishing second behind Brendan Fevola for the club. Waite was shifted from the forward-line into the back-line during the 2007 NAB Cup where he played at centre half-back. However, during the home and away season, he again played predominately as a forward. In 2008, Waite returned to the back-line under new coach Brett Ratten. In 2009, Waite again began to spend time at both ends of the ground. However, in round 9, he suffered a season-ending knee after he partially tore his ACL after hyperextending his left knee when landing on a straight leg. He returned in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8057700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron E. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"age of 14 he became an apprentice broom maker, working for four years until also enrolling in school for two years. Waite then moved to New York at the age of 20. Once there he taught as an assistant teacher on Long Island at Flatbush in Erasmus Hall. Waite then returned to Massachusetts before moving west in 1837 and settled in Michigan. He settled in Centreville where he studied law under judge Columbia Lancaster and was admitted to the bar in 1842. Later he became the military secretary for governor John S. Barry of Michigan. In 1847, Waite headed to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10174736\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Central Intelligence Agency\",\n \"text\": \"two most pressing issues for the CIA were the Contras and the hostages. On June 14, 1985, Hezbollah took TWA Flight 847, and executed an American Navy diver on the tarmac of Beirut Airport. Reagan negotiated a trade of prisoners for hostages. This paved the way for a trade of 504 TOW missiles to Iran for $10,000 each, and the release of Benjamin Weir, a captive of Islamic Jihad, the group that claimed responsibility for the Beirut bombings which later became Hezbollah. This broke two of the public pillars of Reagan's foreign policy: no deals with terrorists, and no arms\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18746130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"British Expedition to Abyssinia\",\n \"text\": \"only twenty casualties, two fatally wounded men, nine seriously wounded, and nine lightly wounded. As such, the Arogye battle was far more bloody and consequential than the subsequent day's siege of the hill-top fort at Magdala. After repelling the Ethiopian attack, the British force moved onto Magdala the following day. As the British approached, Tewodros released two hostages on parole to offer terms. Napier insisted on release of the hostages and an unconditional surrender. Tewodros refused to unconditionally surrender, but released the European hostages over the next two days, while the native hostages had their hands and feet amputated before\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6264542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ignition (John Waite album)\",\n \"text\": \"Ignition (John Waite album) Ignition is the debut solo album from English singer-songwriter John Waite (ex-vocalist for The Babys). It was released on Chrysalis Records in June 1982 and produced by Neil Giraldo (producer/guitarist for Pat Benatar, who was on the same label). Two singles were lifted from the record: the Holly Knight-penned \\\"Change\\\" which initially failed to make a significant dent on any chart except for the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, where it scored the #16 position. It was, however, one of MTV's most popular early videos. Upon the 1985 release of the soundtrack to the movie \\\"Vision Quest\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15397028\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ric Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Ric Waite Ric Waite (July 10, 1933 – February 18, 2012) was an American cinematographer whose numerous film and television credits included \\\"Red Dawn\\\", \\\"Footloose\\\", \\\"48 Hrs.\\\", and \\\"The Long Riders\\\". Waite received four Emmy nominations during his career. He won his only Emmy for his work on the 1976 NBC television miniseries, \\\"Captains and the Kings\\\". Waite was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He enlisted in the United States Air Force after graduation from high school and was a member of the Air Force's Photo Intelligence unit. He moved to New York City, where he owned a studio as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16334619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Gray (diplomat)\",\n \"text\": \"in Cairo. He joined the diplomatic service in 1962 and retained his link with the Middle East throughout his career. Gray retired from the Foreign Office in 1996 and on returning to Wales became involved in public and community affairs, including: John Gray (diplomat) Sir John Walton David Gray (1 October 1936 – 1 September 2003), was a senior British diplomat. In 1987, as the British ambassador to Beirut, Gray unsuccessfully attempted to dissuade Terry Waite from re-entering Beirut without proper protection, with the result that Waite was kidnapped and held for nearly five years. John Gray was born in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13199067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ian Waite\",\n \"text\": \"the European Professional Latin American Championship. He went on to dance with Daisy Croes, from Belgium, who now appears on the Belgian version of \\\"Strictly Come Dancing\\\". After five years in the Netherlands he returned to home. By the summer of 2004, he had started to dance with Camilla Dallerup. Their first competition was the International Championships at the Royal Albert Hall, where they made the semi-final and in November of that year, they made the final of the British National Dance Championships. Waite lives in Finchampstead in Berkshire, and has expanded his career involving lecturing, demonstration dancing and big\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6690206\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"to study, writing, lecturing and humanitarian activities. His second book, \\\"Footfalls in Memory\\\", a further meditation on his captivity in Lebanon, was published in the UK in 1995 and also became a best-seller. His latest book, published in October 2000, \\\"Travels with a Primate\\\", is a humorous account of his journeys with his former boss, Robert Runcie. Waite has also contributed articles to many journals and periodicals, ranging from \\\"Reader's Digest\\\" to the \\\"Kipling Journal\\\", and has also supplied articles and forewords to many books. In January 1996, Waite became patron of the Warrington Male Voice Choir in recognition of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"of the Anglican Church modelled on the Salvation Army, undergoing training and studies in London. While he was held captive in the 1980s, many Church Army officers wore a simple badge with the letter \\\"H\\\" on it, to remind people that one of their members was still a hostage and was being supported in prayer daily by them and many others. In 1963, Waite was appointed Education Advisor to the Anglican Bishop of Bristol, Oliver Tomkins, and assisted with Tomkins's implementation of the SALT (Stewardship and Laity Training) programme in the diocese, along with Basil Moss. This position required Waite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341669\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Penman\",\n \"text\": \"of Churches, Patron of the National AIDS Trust and a member of the Australian National Council on AIDS. On his way to Britain for the 1988 Lambeth Conference he undertook a highly secretive detour to Iran in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to secure the release of Terry Waite, the personal envoy of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and several other western hostages. On 24 July 1989, after returning home from the Tokyo World Conference on Religion and Peace and the Lausanne Evangelical Congress in Manila, where he delivered a series of Bible studies, he suffered a severe heart attack. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11575659\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ralph Waite\",\n \"text\": \"divorce. He had three daughters from his first marriage. His eldest daughter, Sharon Waite, died of leukemia when she was 9 years old in 1964. Liam Waite, one of Waite's stepsons, is also an actor. After 50 years away from organized religion, Waite returned in 2010 and became an active member of Spirit of the Desert Presbyterian Fellowship in Palm Desert, California. Waite ran unsuccessfully for Congress in California as a Democrat on three occasions: In 1990, he challenged veteran GOP incumbent Al McCandless in the Riverside County-based 37th district, losing by five percentage points. In 1998, Waite ran in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5414538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration\",\n \"text\": \"charging America with being behind Iraqi deaths and the refugee crisis and predicting the US would \\\"eventually be put on trial.\\\" On November 28, State Department officials announced the US and Iran had come to an agreement on the compensation of the 278 million to Teheran for undelivered equipment owned by the Iranians and made by Americans prior to the 1979 Islamic revolution. The agreement along with the release of hostages Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland were noted as being made possible by Iranian concessions and seen as reflections of \\\"Teheran's eagerness to put these issues behind it and win\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20717984\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 Kuwait bombings\",\n \"text\": \"Frank Regier and Frenchman Christian Joubert, were held by Shia radicals demanding the release of the al-Dawa terrorists as the price of the hostages' release. On March 27, 1984, following the conviction of the al-Da'wa defendants, the hostagetakers threatened to kill their hostages if the Kuwaiti government carried through with the planned execution of the al-Dawa prisoners. A month later American Benjamin Weir was kidnapped by actors demanding the same. Anglican hostage negotiator Terry Waite appealed to the Emir of Kuwait and tried to get a visa to come to Kuwait. His failure to make progress in freeing the convicted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10683156\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fred Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Fred Waite was born in the Chickasaw Nation at Fort Arbuckle, in what is now Garvin County, Oklahoma. Son of Catherine McClure Waite and Thomas Fletcher Waite. The grandson of Ela Teecha \\\"Ellen\\\" McClure and the Rev. A.J. McClure, a missionary from England to the Chickasaws. During the Civil War, the Waite family, pursued by Confederate soldiers, fled to the Sac and Fox reservation in Kansas. After the war, they returned to Indian Territory. Reportedly, Fred was sent to school at the Illinois Industrial University (Champaign, Illinois), but graduated from Mound City Commercial College in St. Louis, Missouri in 1874.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4614987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"RAF Wroughton\",\n \"text\": \"Following a visit to the hospital by Princess Alexandra on 4 July 1967, the Queen conferred the prefix \\\"Princess Alexandra's\\\" on the hospital on 4 October 1967. The hospital was the primary destination for returning casualties of the Falklands War in 1982. When the hostages from Beirut were released in August 1991, Wg Cdr Gordon Turnbull, a psychiatrist based at Wroughton, with his team, debriefed John McCarthy, Terry Waite and Jackie Mann and provided the counselling necessary to ease them back into freedom. The hospital closed on 31 March 1996 as part of the Conservative Government's defence cuts at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4908567\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Waite (philanthropist)\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Waite (philanthropist) Peter Waite (9 May 1834 – 4 April 1922) was a South Australian pastoralist, businessman, company director and public benefactor. Waite's philanthropic endeavors provided significant benefit to the University of Adelaide and to local public schools, and generations of students have benefited from his largesse. Waite was born at Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland, son of James Waite, a farmer, and his wife Elizabeth, \\\"née\\\" Stocks. Waite was left fatherless and after leaving school he was apprenticed to an ironmonger and spent nine years in commercial pursuits. Waite then sailed to Australia aboard the \\\"British Trident\\\", landed at Melbourne\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5710471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Herbert Waite\",\n \"text\": \"serve full-time and receive a salary of about $25,000 a year. Waite was elected to the position on February 8, 1971. On September 28, 1971, Waite submitted his resignation to the state committee, citing personal reasons. After his resignation, Waite returned to New England Electric as vice president for public relations & advertising. In 1973 he joined Bank of Boston as its First Vice President & Chief Lobbyist. He retired in December 1990 after he took advantage of the company's \\\"voluntary separation program\\\", which offered employees with at least 10 years with the bank enhanced severance pay if they chose\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15591254\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Morrison Waite\",\n \"text\": \"law. Waite attended Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut, where one of his classmates was Lyman Trumbull. He graduated from Yale University in 1837 in a class with Samuel J. Tilden, who later was the 1876 Democratic presidential nominee. As a student at Yale, Waite became a member of the Skull and Bones and Brothers in Unity societies, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1837. Shortly after graduating, Waite became a law clerk for his father in 1837. Soon afterward Waite moved to Maumee, Ohio, where he studied law as an apprentice in the office of Samuel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2533761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. E. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"in the Library of the British Museum, studying many branches of esotericism. In 1881 Waite discovered the writings of Eliphas Levi. When Waite was almost 30 he married Ada Lakeman (also called \\\"Lucasta\\\"), and they had one daughter, Sybil. Some time after Lucasta's death in 1924, Waite married Mary Broadbent Schofield. He spent most of his life in or near London, connected to various publishing houses and editing a magazine, \\\"The Unknown World\\\". Waite joined the Outer Order of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn in January 1891 after being introduced by E.W. Berridge. In 1893 he withdrew from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"718522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. E. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Charles F. Waite, died when he was very young, and his widowed mother, Emma Lovell, returned to her home country of England, where he was then raised. As they were not well off, Waite was educated at a small private school in North London. When he was 13, he was then educated at St. Charles' College. When he left school to become a clerk he wrote verse in his spare time. In 1863 Waite's mother converted to Catholicism. The death of his sister Frederika Waite in 1874 soon attracted him into psychical research. At 21, he began to read regularly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"718521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pete Waite\",\n \"text\": \"had an 11-year record of 266–102. NIU appeared in four NCAA tournaments under Waite. NIU won eight regular-season conference titles and six conference tournaments under Waite. Individually, Waite coached four AVCA all-region players, four conference players of the year, 14 first-team all-conference honorees, one conference newcomer of the year and four members of the conference all-newcomer team Waite is the all-time winningest volleyball coach in UW history, both in number of wins and winning percentage. Waite's teams made nine straight NCAA tournament appearances before missing the 2008 NCAA Tournament, snapping the streak. Under Waite, Wisconsin has won two Big Ten\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12300306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Henry Matson Waite (engineer)\",\n \"text\": \"Cincinnati, Ohio from 1911 to 1913. He was then elected as the first city manager of Dayton, Ohio in 1913 where he served a four-year term. He died on September 2, 1944. Henry Matson Waite (engineer) Colonel Henry Matson Waite (May 15, 1869 - September 2, 1944) was an engineer and the City Manager of Dayton, Ohio starting in 1913. He was the deputy administrator for the Public Works Administration from 1933 until September 1, 1935. He was born in Toledo, Ohio on May 15, 1869 to Henry Seldon Waite. Waite was the grandson of Morrison Waite, the Chief Justice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14730517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cheryl L. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Cheryl L. Waite Judge Cheryl L. Waite is one of four judges elected to the Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals. She was first elected to the court in 1996, and re-elected to that bench in 2002 and 2008. She is currently running for her fourth term. She served as presiding judge of this court from 2003-2005 and 2011-2013. She was the first woman elected to serve on the Seventh District Court of Appeals. Born in 1959, she received her B.A. from Youngstown State University in 1982, and her J.D. law degree from Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in 1985. Judge\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8323795\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jozef Waite\",\n \"text\": \"producers of Dragon Blade released stills and a press release officially confirming Jozef's \\\"significant\\\" role as a Roman Prince in the upcoming movie. Jozef Waite Jozef Liu Waite (born 5 December 2007), is a British-Chinese actor, model and presenter. He is best known as \\\"Xi Meng Zi\\\" (西蒙子) from the TV show \\\"Grade One\\\" (一年級) which premiered on the Hunan Broadcasting System (湖南广播电视台) in 2014. Previously in 2012 he presented a regular feature on the Hunan Broadcasting System show Playing Tricks (玩名堂), broadcast nationally on the Aniworld Satellite TV channel Jozef has also modeled for several Chinese brand stores. Jozef\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18453022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American University of Beirut\",\n \"text\": \"are also AUB alumni. These “notable alumni,” which included some of the people who attended the San Francisco conference in 1945, are listed below: American University of Beirut The American University of Beirut (AUB) () is a private, secular and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 \\\"QS World University Rankings\\\". The American University of Beirut is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD and PhD degrees. It collaborates with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2647657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"American University of Beirut\",\n \"text\": \"American University of Beirut The American University of Beirut (AUB) () is a private, secular and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 \\\"QS World University Rankings\\\". The American University of Beirut is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD and PhD degrees. It collaborates with many universities around the world, notably with Columbia University, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2647636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Sutherland (academic)\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas Sutherland (academic) Dr Thomas Sutherland (May 3, 1931 – July 22, 2016), Dean of Agriculture at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, was kidnapped by Islamic Jihad members near his Beirut home on June 9, 1985. He was released on November 18, 1991 at the same time as Terry Waite, having been held hostage for 2,353 days. Born in Falkirk, Scotland on May 3, 1931, Sutherland was signed as a 17-year-old by Rangers F.C. Sutherland obtained a BSc in Agriculture from the University of Glasgow, and moved to the United States in the 1950s. He was received a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3989905\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"German School Beirut\",\n \"text\": \"Besançon, in 1978 to the ACS, and finally to Manara in the year 1980 where it remains till now. In 1980 classes resumed in a temporary location in Manara, Beirut. However the German teachers, making up 90% of the school's instructional staff, left after kidnappings of German citizens in the city occurred in 1985. In 1985 the German Abitur was no longer offered, and the Lebanese Brevet was the main degree that the students could acquire.The enrollment plummeted to 30 in 1989. War activity destroyed the school's Beirut campus that year. Damages also occurred at the Doha campus, which was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13362556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Arthur Waite (racing driver)\",\n \"text\": \"Arthur Waite (racing driver) Colonel Arthur Waite , (1894–1991) was an Australian racing driver. Born in Adelaide, Arthur Waite served at Gallipoli and was later hospitalised where he met his later wife, Irene Austin, who was the daughter of Herbert Austin. After World War I Captain Waite joined his father-in-law's firm, the Austin Motor Company. While in the employ of Austin, Waite was sent back to Australia, where in Melbourne he established Austin Distributors. Prior to leaving for Australia he had established the firm's motor racing efforts, winning races himself at Brooklands and Monza. While in Australia he sent for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10527231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Terry (police officer)\",\n \"text\": \"George Terry (police officer) Sir George Walter Roberts Terry (29 May 1921 – 18 August 1995) was a senior British police officer, who served as Chief Constable of Pembrokeshire, East Sussex, Lincolnshire and Sussex Police Forces, and as President of the Association of Chief Police Officers. Terry was born on 29 May 1921, the son of Walter George Tygh Terry and his wife Constance Elizabeth Terry. After schooling in Peterborough, Terry joined the Birmingham City Constabulary in 1940, eventually securing promotion through the ranks to Superintendent. He served with the Northamptonshire Regiment in Italy from 1942 to 1946, rising to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20430460\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas Waite (regicide)\",\n \"text\": \"petitioned for his release for the sake of their five children and Wayte was imprisoned in Mont Orgueil Castle on Jersey. He was buried at Saint Saviour, Jersey on 18 October 1688. Baptism Records Wymondham, Leicestershire, Wills of Thomas Waite, John Waite, and Henry Waite of Wymondham, Leicestershire. Will of Theodore Gulston MD of London. Thomas Waite (regicide) Thomas Waite, (died 1688 in Jersey) also known as Thomas Wayte was an English soldier who fought for Parliament in the English Civil War, a Member of Parliament for Rutland, and one of the regicides of King Charles I. Waite was probably\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13553307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron E. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"election. Waite declined the nomination due to ill health and J. A. Chapman was elected instead. Waite married twice and had a total of six children, of which both of his wives and four of the children died before him. After serving on the court he retired to his farm that was located in Clackamas County. In 1891 he moved to Portland, Oregon, with most of his time in retirement spent managing his land holdings in the Pacific Northwest. Aaron E. Waite died on his farm near Canby on December 12, 1898, at the age of 84. Aaron E. Waite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10174739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Niall of the Nine Hostages\",\n \"text\": \"have lived, so his descendants would only represent a minority of men in this group. There are various versions of how Niall gained his epithet \\\"Noígíallach\\\". The saga \\\"The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages\\\" says that he received five hostages from the five provinces of Ireland (Ulster, Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Meath), and one each from Scotland, the Saxons, the Britons and the Franks. Keating says that he received five from the five provinces of Ireland, and four from Scotland. O'Rahilly suggests that the nine hostages were from the kingdom of the Airgialla (literally \\\"hostage-givers\\\"), a satellite state\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4132300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imad Mughniyah\",\n \"text\": \"school's president. On 20 September 1984, he is alleged to have attacked the US embassy annex building. The United States indicted Mughniyeh (and his collaborator Hassan Izz al-Din) for 14 June 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847, in which he tortured and murdered the U.S. Navy personnel Robert Stethem. Mughniyeh and his men allegedly tortured Stethem for hours, before killing him and dumping his body onto the airport tarmac. U.S. and Israeli officials have also alleged that Mughniyeh was involved in numerous kidnappings of Americans in Beirut during the 1980s, most notably the kidnapping of Terry Anderson, Terry Waite, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2474795\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Davis Waite House\",\n \"text\": \"Davis Waite House The Davis Waite House is located on West Francis Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a wooden structure in Victorian architectural styles built during the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with several other historic properties in the city. Davis H. Waite, an early owner, was one of the founding publishers of \\\"The Aspen Daily Times\\\". He was later elected governor of Colorado. After a single term he returned to Aspen. Later owners included Herbert Bayer, an Austrian architect extensively involved in the mid-20th-century renovation of Aspen,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15806480\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Davis Waite House\",\n \"text\": \"Orville Anderson, who chaired the board of the Aspen Institute. Davis Waite House The Davis Waite House is located on West Francis Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a wooden structure in Victorian architectural styles built during the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with several other historic properties in the city. Davis H. Waite, an early owner, was one of the founding publishers of \\\"The Aspen Daily Times\\\". He was later elected governor of Colorado. After a single term he returned to Aspen. Later owners included Herbert Bayer, an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15806489\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Waite\",\n \"text\": \"in 2000 for the Rugby Football League. In February 2001, he was appointed head coach and technical director of the Great Britain rugby league side. Waite stepped down from this role in 2003. During 2006 he worked behind the scenes with Catalans Dragons in their inaugural season in the European Super League. He returned to Australia at the end of the 2006 season. In 1995 Waite coached South Australia in the National Championship Grimace David Waite David Waite (born 30 May 1951) is an Australian former rugby league footballer and coach. He has also coached Great Britain in the Rugby\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7036183\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Waite\",\n \"text\": \"David Waite David Waite (born 30 May 1951) is an Australian former rugby league footballer and coach. He has also coached Great Britain in the Rugby League Tri-Nations. Waite was born in New South Wales, Australia. Waite holds a British passport, courtesy of his father being born in Leicester. Waite was a Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs junior and played with their President's Cup side in 1969. The following season he played with Wests Wollongong in the Illawarra Rugby League competition. It was whilst playing for Wests Wollongong that he first represented for Country, NSW and Australia. He spent two seasons with the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7036179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edgar Ravenswood Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Edgar Ravenswood Waite Edgar Ravenswood Waite (5 May 1866 – 19 January 1928) was a British/Australian zoologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and ornithologist. Waite was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, the second son of John Waite, a bank clerk, and his wife Jane, \\\"née\\\" Vause. Waite was educated at Leeds Parish Church Middle Class School and at the Victoria University of Manchester. In 1888 he was appointed sub-curator of the Leeds Museum and three years later was made curator. On 7 April 1892 Waite married Rose Edith Green at St. Matthew's parish church, Leeds. In 1893 Waite became zoologist at the Australian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6956209\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fred Waite\",\n \"text\": \"He returned home to manage the family store after his father's death. He also managed a crew of thirty ranch hands who were looking after about a thousand head of cattle. As Fred grew older, he decided to become a cowboy. He left home in 1875, intending to go to Colorado. Somehow, he wound up in Lincoln County, New Mexico, where he got a job as a ranch hand with John Chisum in 1877. Waite found work in New Mexico with John Tunstall, who was later to be one of the leaders of the Tunstall-McSween vs. Dolan war, better known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4614988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edgar Ravenswood Waite\",\n \"text\": \"papers to various scientific publications. A species of Australian blind snake, \\\"Ramphotyphlops waitii\\\", is named in his honour. Edgar Ravenswood Waite Edgar Ravenswood Waite (5 May 1866 – 19 January 1928) was a British/Australian zoologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and ornithologist. Waite was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, the second son of John Waite, a bank clerk, and his wife Jane, \\\"née\\\" Vause. Waite was educated at Leeds Parish Church Middle Class School and at the Victoria University of Manchester. In 1888 he was appointed sub-curator of the Leeds Museum and three years later was made curator. On 7 April 1892 Waite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6956214\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry (Kirsty MacColl song)\",\n \"text\": \"1985, Tracey Ullman took the song one place higher on the UK charts, peaking at #81. Ullman's version of \\\"Terry\\\" used the identical backing track to the MacColl version, merely erasing MacColl's lead vocal and substituting Ullman's. (MacColl co-produced both versions of \\\"Terry\\\".) On the 12\\\" release, an extended version of \\\"Terry\\\" is used. Terry (Kirsty MacColl song) \\\"Terry\\\" is a song by Kirsty MacColl, released as a single in October 1983, and charting at #82 in the UK the following month. It was her first release after returning to Stiff Records, and was the last in a run of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11743625\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron E. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Aaron E. Waite Aaron E. Waite (December 26, 1813 – December 12, 1898) was an American judge and politician. He was the 4th Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court serving from 1859 to 1862. He was the first chief justice after Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859. A Massachusetts native, Waite also served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature. Aaron Waite (sometimes spelled \\\"Wait\\\") was born on December 26, 1813, in Franklin County, Massachusetts, where he was raised by his grandfather and an uncle. His father had died as a soldier in the War of 1812. At the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10174735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Waite\",\n \"text\": \"the humanitarian role adopted by the choir following the Warrington bomb attacks. Since then, he has appeared with the choir for performances in prisons in UK and Ireland to assist in rehabilitation programmes. Prison concerts have become a regular feature of the choir's Christmas activities. He is also a co-founder of Y Care International, a development agency linked to the YMCA movement. In 2004, he founded Hostage UK, an organisation designed to give support to hostage families. He is also president of Emmaus UK, and patron of the Romany Society. On 31 March 2007, Waite offered to travel to Iran\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1341677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"David Waite\",\n \"text\": \"series in Australia. He scored three tries in the Kangaroos versus Rest of The World match in early 1974 but broke his jaw that season and missed the early representative games. He returned to the Test team for the opening match of the Ashes series but was dropped following Australia's 16-11 second Test loss. Waite is named in the Australian Players Register as Kangaroo No. 447. In 1984 he was appointed coach of the Australian Schoolboys team. A position as coach of Canterbury under 23s followed from 1985 to 1987 and he was then Newcastle reserve grade coach from 1988\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7036181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 British Saloon Car Championship\",\n \"text\": \"1985 British Saloon Car Championship The 1985 Trimoco RAC [British Saloon Car Championship was the 28th season of the championship. Andy Rouse won his third consecutive BSCC championship in a Ford Sierra, making it a record four titles in total. Guest drivers in \\\"italics\\\". All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold. Points were awarded on a 9, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 basis to the top six finishers in each class, with one bonus point for the fastest lap in each class. In races where a class had less than four starters, points would be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13946481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert C. MacKenzie\",\n \"text\": \"and leadership in action.\\\" When the Rhodesian Bush War ended with the Lancaster House Agreement, MacKenzie resigned from the new Zimbabwe National Army and joined the South African Defence Force as a Special Forces Major. The following year, he joined the Transkei Defence Force as second-in-command, Transkei Special Forces Regiment. In 1985, after 15 years serving abroad, he returned to the United States. \\\"SOF\\\"'s Robert K. Brown gave MacKenzie a job as a contributing editor for unconventional operations, and MacKenzie continued his unconventional career. In Mozambique, he worked with RENAMO, securing the release of seven Western hostages. He also trained\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9075509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lennie Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Lennie Waite Lennie Waite (born 4 February 1986 in Paisley, Scotland) is a British track and field athlete. She represented Great Britain in the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 3000m Steeplechase. She holds a personal best of 9:35.91 in the 3000m Steeplechase, achieved on 12 June 2016 at the Portland Track Festival. She is the fifth fastest British Steeplechaser of all-time. Waite attended Rice University. She graduated cum laude in 2008 with a B.A. in Psychology, Economics, and Managerial Studies. During her time at Rice, she set school records in the mile, 1500m and 3000m steeplechase. Her records still hold\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18607738\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Waite\",\n \"text\": \"John Waite John Charles Waite (born 4 July 1952) is an English musician. He was lead vocalist for The Babys and Bad English. As a solo artist, 1984's \\\"Missing You\\\" was a No. 1 hit on the US \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 and a top ten hit on the UK Singles Chart. Waite was born in Lancaster, and was educated at Lancaster Art College (The Storey Institute). Waite first came to attention as the lead singer and bassist of The Babys, a British rock band that had moderate chart success, including two pop hits that both coincidentally peaked at No. 13\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3683440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985–86 Paris attacks\",\n \"text\": \"initially accused Iran of \\\"instigating the 1986 bombing campaign and of giving support to a cell of North African terrorists,\\\" and a subsequent diplomatic row caused France to sever its ties with Iran. France eventually allowed , who was wanted for questioning in connection with the Paris attacks, to leave the Iranian embassy in Paris for Iran in order to secure the release of two French hostages who had subsequently been kidnapped by Hezbollah in Beirut, a move that was condemned by the United Kingdom and the United States for setting a \\\"dangerous precedent\\\" in dealing with hostage situations. After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20336196\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Richard A. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"died in 1911, survived by brother William T (also an architect), and by his five children: Richard A. Waite Richard Alfred Waite (May 14, 1848 – January 7, 1911) was a British-born American architect in the late 19th century. Richard Waite was born in London in 1848 as one of seven children (surviving included William T, Helen and Jennie) of Charles Henry Waite and his wife Harriet Humphries Holland. Richard Waite's father moved to America in 1856 with his wife and children and settled in Buffalo, New York to work in a printing company. Waite like many early architects, learned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6146020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Richard A. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Richard A. Waite Richard Alfred Waite (May 14, 1848 – January 7, 1911) was a British-born American architect in the late 19th century. Richard Waite was born in London in 1848 as one of seven children (surviving included William T, Helen and Jennie) of Charles Henry Waite and his wife Harriet Humphries Holland. Richard Waite's father moved to America in 1856 with his wife and children and settled in Buffalo, New York to work in a printing company. Waite like many early architects, learned building design as an apprentice. He studied mechanical engineering in New York City under John Ericsson,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6146018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Order of Release\",\n \"text\": \"The Order of Release The Order of Release, 1746 is a painting by John Everett Millais exhibited in 1853. It is notable for marking the beginnings of Millais's move away from the highly detailed Pre-Raphaelitism of his early years. Effie Gray, who later left her husband for the artist, modelled for the principal figure. The painting depicts the wife of a rebel Scottish soldier, who has been imprisoned after the Jacobite rising of 1745, arriving with an order securing his release. She holds her child, showing the order to a guard, while her husband embraces her. The \\\"Illustrated London News\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9031983\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jamie Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Jamie Waite Jamie Waite (born 20 February 1986) is a Thai professional football goalkeeper who plays for Lowestoft Town. He has represented Thailand at full international level. He was born in Plymouth. Waite, the son of a British father and Thai mother, began his career as a junior in Thailand and made his debut for the national side aged just 15 years and 354 days when he came on as a second-half substitute in a game against Singapore in Bangkok. His form for the Thai national team attracted the attention of Rotherham United with who Waite started a three-year scholarship\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10725333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tyrell Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Tyrell Waite Tyrell Michael Nathaniel Waite (born 1 July 1994) is an English footballer who currently plays for Southern League Premier Central side Tamworth, where he plays as a forward. Waite came through the Ilkeston youth academy, scored the club's first ever competitive goal, and signed a two-year professional contract with the Northern Premier League Division One South club in March 2012. Later in that month he was signed by League One club Notts County, after impressing manager Keith Curle during a two-week trial. He made his debut for the club on 21 August 2012, replacing Lee Hughes 88 minutes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16728686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. E. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"A. E. Waite Arthur Edward Waite (2 October 1857 – 19 May 1942), commonly known as A. E. Waite, was an American-born British poet and scholarly mystic who wrote extensively on occult and esoteric matters, and was the co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck. As his biographer R. A. Gilbert described him, \\\"Waite's name has survived because he was the first to attempt a systematic study of the history of western occultism—viewed as a spiritual tradition rather than as aspects of proto-science or as the pathology of religion.\\\" Waite was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States. Waite's father, Capt.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"718520\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lawrence Jenco\",\n \"text\": \"suffered serious eye infections and other health problems as a result of his captivity. In changing from one hiding place to another, he was bound with tape and placed in stifling hiding places in trucks, lest he be found by soldiers or police inspecting a vehicle. He also suffered beatings by the guards. After a period of 18 months imprisonment, Jenco was freed on July 26, 1986, after months of negotiations involving the Reagan Administration, Shiite radicals and the Anglican envoy Terry Waite, who was himself later held hostage in Beirut for four and a half years. After his death,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2544074\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. E. Waite\",\n \"text\": \"It is known that the inspiration for this deck was partly provided by Sola-Busca Tarot (Northern Italy, 1491), the first and only fully illustrated Tarot deck up to the time of publication of the Rider-Waite Tarot. A. E. Waite Arthur Edward Waite (2 October 1857 – 19 May 1942), commonly known as A. E. Waite, was an American-born British poet and scholarly mystic who wrote extensively on occult and esoteric matters, and was the co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck. As his biographer R. A. Gilbert described him, \\\"Waite's name has survived because he was the first to attempt a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"718527\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Herbert Waite\",\n \"text\": \"to retire early. After retiring he represented J. P. Morgan, Citibank, and the Bankers Roundtable before the United States Congress. After becoming a lobbyist, Waite resided in Huddleston and Roanoke, Virginia. Waite died on July 23, 2007. Herbert Waite Herbert Roswell Waite (June 22, 1928 – July 23, 2007) was an American public relations executive, political figure, and lobbyist who served as Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican State Committee from February to September 1971. Waite was born and raised in Belmont, Massachusetts and graduated from Belmont High School. During World War II, he served with the United States Marine Corps\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15591255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Fenwick\",\n \"text\": \"his managerial days in England, Fenwick has spent a considerable amount of time in Trinidad and Tobago, where he has enjoyed a great degree of managerial success - winning the country's professional football league on four occasions (2002, 2003, 2007, and 2008). After securing a place in the Caribbean Champions League for Central FC, Fenwick signed for CS Visé in the Belgian Second Division at the time of the signature but the club was relegated at the end of the season. Terry Fenwick Terence William Fenwick (born 17 November 1959) is an English football coach and former player. Playing as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5992837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Waite (footballer)\",\n \"text\": \"teams, including Lincolnshire Colts, Cleethorpes Town, British Titan Products and Lindsey Oil Refinery. Waite also wrote a weekly column for the \\\"Grimsby Telegraph\\\". He also reported live on running matches on local radio. Waite married his childhood sweetheart Susan Dale, who lived in the same neighborhood, in 1963. They had two children, Sally and Mark, the latter a professional soccer coach in the United States. Waite died on 3 April 2016. He was 74. John Waite (footballer) John Aidan Waite (16 January 1942 – 3 April 2016) was an English professional football player and manager. He played for Grimsby Town,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19437212\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Stacey Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Stacey Waite Stacey Waite is a poet—focusing on both slam and written verse—who also works as an Assistant Professor of English at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Waite's poetry often explores themes of the body—of the intersections of gender, sexuality, place and relationships. She has published four collections of poetry over the past several years. Waite attended her first live slam poetry performance in New York City as a teen. Since moving to Nebraska, Waite has worked as a teaching artist with the Nebraska Writers Collective and its slam-poetry program Louder Than A Bomb (LTAB). LTAB allows high school students from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19394117\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Fred Waite (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"revised edition. Waite also worked on the production of the three other volumes in the series, which were published around the same time. After the war, Waite returned to his Balclutha property which he converted to dairy farming. He remained a member of the TF for several years and was a major in the Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment before being promoted to lieutenant colonel and becoming its commander from 1927 to 1930. For his prolonged service with the TF, he eventually received the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration. In 1935 he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14253939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charles Burlingame Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Charles Burlingame Waite Charles Burlingame Waite (Wayne County, New York, 29 January 1824 – 1909) was a United States lawyer, jurist and author. He was educated at Knox College, Illinois, studied law at Galesburg and Rock Island, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. After 15 years' successful practice, chiefly in Chicago, he was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 associate justice of the Utah Supreme Court. In 1865 he resigned this post and became district attorney of Idaho, and a year later he returned to Chicago and devoted himself to literary pursuits. In 1854 he married Catharine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16575938\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Dozier\",\n \"text\": \"have three daughters Kacey, Kelcee and Terinee. Terry Dozier Terry Linnard Dozier (born June 29, 1966 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a retired American professional basketball small forward who played high school basketball at Dunbar High in Baltimore, and later attended the University of South Carolina, where he played the full four years from 1985 to 1989. After his collegiate playing career was over, he went undrafted, but still managed to play 9 games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Charlotte Hornets during the 1989–90 season. His NBA career-highs are: 16 minutes, 6 points, 5 rebounds (3 defensive, 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17759133\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Terry Dozier\",\n \"text\": \"Terry Dozier Terry Linnard Dozier (born June 29, 1966 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a retired American professional basketball small forward who played high school basketball at Dunbar High in Baltimore, and later attended the University of South Carolina, where he played the full four years from 1985 to 1989. After his collegiate playing career was over, he went undrafted, but still managed to play 9 games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Charlotte Hornets during the 1989–90 season. His NBA career-highs are: 16 minutes, 6 points, 5 rebounds (3 defensive, 2 offensive), 1 assist, 2 steals and 1\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17759131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Waite Court\",\n \"text\": \"Waite Court The Waite Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1874 to 1888, when Morrison Waite served as the seventh Chief Justice of the United States. Waite succeeded Salmon P. Chase as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Waite served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Melville Fuller was nominated and confirmed as Waite's successor. The Waite Court presided over the end of the Reconstruction Era, and the start of the Gilded Age. It also played an important role during the constitutional crisis that arose following the 1876 presidential election, as five\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16560318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Charlie Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Charlie Waite Charlie Waite (born 18 February 1949) is an English landscape photographer noted for his \\\"painterly\\\" approach in using light and shade. Born in England, he worked in theatre and television for the first ten years of his professional life before moving to photography. He is noted for his square format images using a 6x6 Hasselblad. Waite is the recipient of a number of awards including the prestigious Honorary Fellowship to the British Institute of Professional Photography as well as Amateur Photography's 'Power of Photography Award' and is frequently invited all over the world to give lectures on landscape\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9368186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Waite (broadcaster)\",\n \"text\": \"its inception, and is the voice on \\\"The Economist\\\"’s weekly podcast. In 1990 a John Waite BBC Radio 4 broadcast was sampled by electronic band The Orb and used on their Little Fluffy Clouds single. At the beginning of the track John Waite can clearly be heard saying \\\"Over the past few years, to the traditional sounds of an English summer, the drone of lawnmowers, the smack of leather on willow, has been added a new noise...\\\". The Single went on to be a Number 10 hit on a 1993 re-release. As witnessed in April 2017, John Waite does some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10218470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Electoral district of Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Electoral district of Waite Waite is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after Peter Waite, a 19th century entrepreneur and philanthropist, it covers 75.4 km² of suburbs and foothills in Adelaide's inner south-east, taking in the suburbs of Belair, Blackwood, Brown Hill Creek, Coromandel East, Coromandel Valley, Crafers West, Craigburn Farm, Eden Hills, Glenalta, Hawthorndene, Kingswood, Lynton, Mitcham, Netherby, Springfield, Torrens Park, Urrbrae as well as part of Upper Sturt. Waite was created in the 1991 electoral distribution as a comfortably safe Liberal seat, replacing the abolished district of Mitcham, the only single-member lower\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7380633\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Electoral district of Waite\",\n \"text\": \"election and was succeeded by Sam Duluk, the former Liberal member for Davenport. Electoral district of Waite Waite is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after Peter Waite, a 19th century entrepreneur and philanthropist, it covers 75.4 km² of suburbs and foothills in Adelaide's inner south-east, taking in the suburbs of Belair, Blackwood, Brown Hill Creek, Coromandel East, Coromandel Valley, Crafers West, Craigburn Farm, Eden Hills, Glenalta, Hawthorndene, Kingswood, Lynton, Mitcham, Netherby, Springfield, Torrens Park, Urrbrae as well as part of Upper Sturt. Waite was created in the 1991 electoral distribution as a comfortably\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7380635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Change (John Waite song)\",\n \"text\": \"Change (John Waite song) \\\"Change\\\" is a song written by Holly Knight and originally recorded by her then-band, Spider, who released the song on their 1981 second album, \\\"Between the Lines.\\\" The following year, English musician John Waite, newly a solo artist after fronting The Babys, recorded a version. It was released in 1982 as the lead single from Waite's Chrysalis Records album \\\"Ignition\\\". The song reached No. 16 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. It was aided by a hugely popular MTV music video. The song (Waite's version) was also featured on the 1985 \\\"Vision Quest\\\" soundtrack. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20123857\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Niall of the Nine Hostages\",\n \"text\": \"the 11th-century \\\"The Adventure of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon\\\" and \\\"The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages\\\". These sources date from long after Niall's time and they have little to no value as history. A legendary account of Niall's birth and early life is given in the possibly-11th-century tale \\\"Echtra mac nEchach Muimedóin\\\" (\\\"The adventure of the sons of Eochaid Mugmedón\\\"). In it, Eochaid Mugmedón, the High King of Ireland, has five sons, four, Brión, Ailill, Fiachrae and Fergus, by his first wife Mongfind, sister of the king of Munster, Crimthann mac Fidaig, and a fifth, Niall, by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4132282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Law of Hostages\",\n \"text\": \"to be used against or they refrained because they did not want to cause strife in their community. The law was repealed in November 1799 after Napoleon took power in the Coup of 18 Brumaire. Law of Hostages The Law of Hostages was a 1799 law enacted by the French Directory, during the final stages of the French Revolution in July-October 1799, in order to strengthen its power in regions that the Directory viewed as problematic. The law allowed local authorities to draw up lists of \\\"hostages\\\" who would be held responsible for certain criminal offences, and was particularly intended\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5962388\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Busby Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Busby Waite Peter Busby Waite, (born 1922) is a Canadian historian, and a retired Dalhousie University professor. Born in Toronto, Ontario, he attended high school in Saint John, New Brunswick. He obtained B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of British Columbia, and a PhD degree from the University of Toronto. He served with the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II, attaining the rank of Lieutenant. Popularly known as P.B. Waite, Dr. Waite began his association in 1951 with Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He taught at Dalhousie first as a lecturer in history (1951–55), then assistant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12195358\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ric Waite\",\n \"text\": \"Grill\\\", which aired in 1979. Waite earned his fourth, and final, Emmy nomination in 1996 for the television movie, \\\"Andersonville\\\", which aired on TNT. Waite's feature film debut as a cinematographer was \\\"The Long Riders\\\", a 1980 Western film directed by \\\"Walter Hill\\\". His numerous film credits as director of photography included \\\"Footloose\\\" by Herbert Ross; \\\"Red Dawn\\\" by John Milius; \\\"Brewster's Millions\\\", a 1985 film also by Hill; \\\"Summer Rental\\\" by director Carl Reiner; \\\"Volunteers\\\" by Nicholas Meyer; Cobra by George P. Cosmatos; and \\\"Adventures in Babysitting\\\" by Chris Columbus. Waite moved to the Denver metropolitan area in 2002.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16334621\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Beirut (1941)\",\n \"text\": \"of Acre. The armistice placed Syria under the French general Charles de Gaulle. The triumphant entry of the Australian 7th Division into Beirut successfully established the Allied occupation of Lebanon. Beirut later became an important Allied base for Mediterranean naval operations. Battle of Beirut (1941) The Battle of Beirut (12 July 1941) marked the end of hostilities in the Syria-Lebanon campaign of World War II. The campaign saw the initial Allied deployment of 2 brigades of the Australian 7th Division, a brigade from the 1st British Cavalry Division, the 5th Indian Infantry Brigade which was deployed immediately from Eritrea after\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10493821\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["free democratic libya","libya","islamic republic of libya","libya (national transitional council)","republic of libya","libya","state of libya","libyan republic (2011)","libyan republic","ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ","ليبيا","libiyah","lby","etymology of libya","al-jamahiriya al-%60arabiyah al-libiyah ash-sha%60biyah al-ishtirakiyah al-uzma","largest cities in libya","lībiyā","lybya","free libya","libiya","iso 3166-1:ly"],"string":"[\n \"free democratic libya\",\n \"libya\",\n \"islamic republic of libya\",\n \"libya (national transitional council)\",\n \"republic of libya\",\n \"libya\",\n \"state of libya\",\n \"libyan republic (2011)\",\n \"libyan republic\",\n \"ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ\",\n \"ليبيا\",\n \"libiyah\",\n \"lby\",\n \"etymology of libya\",\n \"al-jamahiriya al-%60arabiyah al-libiyah ash-sha%60biyah al-ishtirakiyah al-uzma\",\n \"largest cities in libya\",\n \"lībiyā\",\n \"lybya\",\n \"free libya\",\n \"libiya\",\n \"iso 3166-1:ly\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":591,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"where did ferdinand marcos live in exile?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Philippines. From Hawaii the body was flown to Guam then to Laoag in Ilocos Norte. The body of Marcos was not buried but was instead preserved in a refrigerated crypt hosted inside the Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center. In Honolulu, Hawaii, Marcos' body was also stored in a refrigerated crypt. Ramos' successor Joseph Estrada attempted to organize a burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery. Then President-elect Estrada had negotiations with Marcos' wife Imelda who initially also demanded state honors for the burial but later agreed to a burial without state honors. It was determined that Marcos would be buried","psg_id":"19681972"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Philippines. From Hawaii the body was flown to Guam then to Laoag in Ilocos Norte. The body of Marcos was not buried but was instead preserved in a refrigerated crypt hosted inside the Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center. In Honolulu, Hawaii, Marcos' body was also stored in a refrigerated crypt. Ramos' successor Joseph Estrada attempted to organize a burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery. Then President-elect Estrada had negotiations with Marcos' wife Imelda who initially also demanded state honors for the burial but later agreed to a burial without state honors. It was determined that Marcos would be buried\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681972\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Bust of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos (who died in exile in 1989), took the offer as a \"kind gesture\" but said that efforts to fix the monument should be a \"collective decision of the Marcoses and their supporters\". Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the son of the former president, said that restoring the bust was never a subject of discussion among the family. Bust of Ferdinand Marcos A concrete bust of President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos was built in Pugo, La Union. The monument was destroyed in December 2002. The bust bore the likeness of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the","psg_id":"18619252"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"bury former President Ferdinand Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery saying that Marcos was qualified to be buried at the cemetery due to being a \"former president and a soldier\". Duterte said he was open to demonstrations against the burial plan but insisted that the former President was qualified to be buried at the cemetery. He also added that the burial date may be moved to September 11 which was the birthday of the deceased president. Amidst criticism that Marcos did not deserve to be buried at the cemetery, Duterte said that burying Marcos at the site did not equate to","psg_id":"19681976"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos The Burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986) and dictator was originally scheduled on September 13, 2016 and later on October 18, 2016 at the Heroes' Cemetery in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. On November 8 of the same year, the Supreme Court eventually decided that Marcos be buried at Heroes' Cemetery on an unspecified date. The burial of Marcos took place on November 18, 2016. The burial of Ferdinand Marcos, who died in 1989, particularly at the Heroes' Cemetery has been a controversial issue as critics, particularly victims of human rights violations","psg_id":"19681964"},{"title":"Bust of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Bust of Ferdinand Marcos A concrete bust of President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos was built in Pugo, La Union. The monument was destroyed in December 2002. The bust bore the likeness of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. The inside of the bust was hollow. The bust measured high and was made of concrete. Around 1978, the bust's construction began along Marcos Highway, which was later officially renamed Aspiras–Palispis Highway. The bust was constructed by the Philippine Tourism Authority and was meant to be the centerpiece of Marcos Park. The bust was positioned near the","psg_id":"18619247"},{"title":"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"those \"whose families have cooperated with the Japanese military authorities.\" Lists of ailing prisoners released by the Manila press in the summer of 1942 did not include Ferdinand Marcos' name did not appear on any of those lists, and journalists later discovered documents stating that Ferdinand's father Mariano Marcos had been a propagandist working for the Japanese during the war, and had been \"executed by anti-Japanese guerrillas\" in 1945. After the fall of Bataan, Marcos claimed to have led a guerrilla force called \"Ang Mahárlika\" (Tagalog, \"The Freeman\") in northern Luzon during World War II. According to Marcos' claim, this","psg_id":"20712584"},{"title":"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969","text":"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969 The 1969 reelection campaign of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Republic of the Philippines, started in July 1969 when incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos was unanimously nominated as the Presidential candidate of the Nacionalista Party, and concluded when the 1969 Philippine presidential election concluded with Marcos winning an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines. With Fernando Lopez as his vice president, he ran against the Liberal Party slate of, Sergio Osmena, Jr and Genaro Magsaysay. Ferdinand Marcos won his first campaign for the Philippine Presidency in November 1965, and was inaugurated","psg_id":"20807843"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"would be allowed if held in Marcos' home province instead of Manila. Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos opposed the move saying that the dying wish of her husband was to be buried in Manila. In January 1992, the Philippine government stated that it may not oppose the burial of Marcos anywhere in Metro Manila provided that Marcos' body was flown into the country after the 1992 Philippine election in May. The Marcos family opposed the condition and was waiting for a ruling of the Supreme Court at that time regarding their petition to bury Ferdinand Marcos as soon","psg_id":"19681969"},{"title":"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"as head of the Presidential Commission on Good Government, these cronies helped the Marcoses amass his wealth by aiding him in one or more of what Salonga called \"\"Marcos' Techniques of Plunder.\"\" These techniques, Says salonga, were: Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos Certain associates of the former Philippine president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos have benefited from their friendship with Marcos - whether in terms of legal assistance, political favours, or facilitation of business monopolies, during the latter's administration. Marcos critics, and the local and international press began referring to these individuals as \"cronies\" during the latter days of the Marcos dictatorship,","psg_id":"20728164"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Aquino III tasked then Vice President Jejomar Binay to study whether to bury Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery or not. The Office of the Vice President received 3,000 responses from various political parties, sectors, organizations, and members of the public on the issue. Binay recommended the burial of Marcos in his hometown of Batac with full military honors. Aquino did not act on the recommendation. Rodrigo Duterte supported the burial of Ferdinand Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery, even before he assumed presidency and expressed this stance at his presidential campaign in the 2016 elections. Duterte has expressed that a burial","psg_id":"19681974"},{"title":"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos Certain associates of the former Philippine president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos have benefited from their friendship with Marcos - whether in terms of legal assistance, political favours, or facilitation of business monopolies, during the latter's administration. Marcos critics, and the local and international press began referring to these individuals as \"cronies\" during the latter days of the Marcos dictatorship, and the Philippine government - especially the Presidential Commission on Good Governance (PCGG) - continued using the term after the ouster of the Marcoses in 1986. These \"cronies\" were awarded government commissions, projects and funds, many of","psg_id":"20728143"},{"title":"Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center","text":"Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center The Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center is a museum situated in Batac, Ilocos Norte dedicated to former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos which also hosts the cenotaph of the former President. The museum shows memorabilia of the late president, from his stint in the armed forces down to his presidency. The large cenotaph which contains the glass-encased coffin in which the widely believed embalmed body of Marcos was on public display shortly after his remains were brought in Ilocos Norte from the United States in 1993 until his body was re-interred at the Heroes' Cemetery in","psg_id":"16226852"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"of the proclamation of martial law. The work of the Convention was affected by the declaration of martial law in September 1972 by President Ferdinand Marcos; the military units assigned to implement martial law were given a list of 400 individuals to arrest, consisting mostly of outspoken critics of Ferdinand Marcos' administration. This included a number of members of the Constitutional Convention. Some of the individuals on the list, such as Raul Manglapus, were either not in the Philippines when martial law was declared, while some, such as Raul Roco, where in the country but managed to evade arrest. However,","psg_id":"20734878"},{"title":"Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center","text":"the body before it was flown to the Philippines. It was reported on August 2016, that Historian Antonio Montalvan II said that a close Marcos family friend of his revealed that the body displayed on the glass coffin was a wax figure and not the preserved remains of Ferdinand Marcos. Montalvan added that the real body of Marcos is buried underneath the glass coffin. A wax replica of Marcos' remains was reportedly left inside the glass coffin on the day Marcos' real body was interred at the Heroes' Cemetery. There are reportedly two or three replicas of Marcos' body. Ferdinand","psg_id":"16226856"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"November, Bonifacio Day, at the People Power Monument in Quezon City. On December 10, about 11,000 protesters marched on the streets in Capiz, Iloilo, Bacolod, Aklan, and Cebu, commemorating Human Rights Day. On the night of December 15, about 150 members of a group called Coalition against Marcos Burial gathered at the People Power Monument to attend the mass. Thousands of people celebrating the 31st anniversary 1986 People Power Revolution on February 25, 2017 with protests. Burial of Ferdinand Marcos The Burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986) and dictator was originally scheduled on September 13,","psg_id":"19682003"},{"title":"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"the Japanese, Sharkey believed that Marcos may have been freed due to his connections with his father. Military career of Ferdinand Marcos The Military career of former Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos during World War II has been the subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international Military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was","psg_id":"20712589"},{"title":"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos The Military career of former Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos during World War II has been the subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international Military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was taken prisoner. According to Marcos' account, he was released from prison by the Japanese on August 4,","psg_id":"20712577"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"return. Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in","psg_id":"20734892"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in which","psg_id":"20734844"},{"title":"Imelda Marcos","text":"on state visits, extravagant parties, shopping sprees, her jewelry and shoe collections, and for initiating multiple grand architectural projects using public funds, behavior which has come to be described in common parlance as \"Imeldific\". The People Power Revolution in February 1986 unseated the Marcoses and forced the family into exile. In 1991, President Corazon Aquino allowed the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the 1989 death of Ferdinand Marcos. Imelda Marcos was elected four times to the House of Representatives. She, along with her husband Ferdinand, are famous for holding the Guinness World Record for the \"Greatest Robbery","psg_id":"2013739"},{"title":"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969","text":"essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders. Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1969, resulting in an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines for Incumbent President Marcos. Incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez was also elected to a third full term as Vice President of the Philippines. Twelve other candidates ran for president, however ten of those were widely considered \"nuisance candidates,\" and did not garner a significant number of votes in the election. Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969 The 1969","psg_id":"20807847"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"demonstrations in the afternoon. Left-leaning groups called on President Duterte to end his alliance with Marcoses. Anti-Marcos protestors and Marcos loyalists started a debate on the issue after the two sides made an encounter. Maria Serena Diokno, chairperson of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) submitted her resignation on November 29, 2016 in protest of the Marcos burial. She said that the burial \"erases the memory of the lives lost and destroyed\" during the Ferdinand Marcos administration and that it \" mocks the collective action the Filipinos\" took to remove Marcos from his post as President. She added","psg_id":"19682000"},{"title":"Bongbong Marcos","text":"the Philippine government had still not recovered from them, on the condition that all civil cases be dropped – a deal that was eventually struck down by the Philippines' supreme court. Ferdinand Marcos would eventually die in exile in 1989. Marcos' Military aide, Arturo C Aruiza, would later reveal that Bongbong Marcos was the only family member present at the former dictator's deathbed. Bongbong Marcos was among the first of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines in 1991, and soon sought political office, beginning in the family's traditional bailiwick in Ilocos Norte. In 1992, Marcos was elected as","psg_id":"2918987"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"to be buried beside his mother in Batac, Ilocos Norte. Also according to Alunan, after the signing of the agreement, Imelda Marcos crossed out the burial clause and wrote in that Marcos was to be \"temporarily interred\" instead of being buried in Ilocos Norte. Alunan said that the terms of agreement could not be changed after it was signed but Mrs. Marcos insisted and came up with a new agreement paper with the changed clause. The revised paper was not signed by the government. It was on September 7, 1993 that the body of Ferdinand Marcos was flown into the","psg_id":"19681971"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Ferdinand Marcos was in power actually began seven years earlier, when he was first inaugurated president of the Philippines in late 1965, this article deals specifically with the period where he exercised dictatorial powers under martial law, and the period in which he continued to wield those powers despite technically lifting the proclamation of martial law in 1981. When he declared martial law in 1972, Marcos claimed that he had done so in response to the \"communist threat\" posed by the newly-founded Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the sectarian \"rebellion\" of the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM). Opposition figures","psg_id":"20734845"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"abuses during Marcos' term. The Philippine government was noted to have an obligation to provide compensations to the victims, both monetary and non-monetary, the latter of which includes symbolic reparation. The burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery was deemed by the dissenters as contrary to symbolic reparation entitled to the victims. By allowing the burial, President Duterte was \"encouraging impunity\". Marcos was described as \"a dictator forced out of office and into exile after causing twenty years of political, economic, and social havoc in the country\". The argue that Marcos' ouster following the People Power Revolution disqualified him from","psg_id":"19681982"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"on July 11, 1998. The planned burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery still received opposition even after state honors were not to be included in the planned burial. Former President Corazon Aquino was among those who opposed the move. Estrada remained firm on his decision until July 1998 when Estrada decided against the plan amidst public opposition saying that it would be better if the Marcos family agreed that Ferdinand Marcos be buried in Batac to put an end to \"bitter differences\" and give rest to \"various emotions and sentiments that flared up\". In April 2011, then President Benigno","psg_id":"19681973"},{"title":"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos' second term as President of the Philippines began on December 30, 1969, as a result of his winning the 1969 Philippine presidential election nearly two months earlier on November 11, 1969. Marcos was the first and last president of the Third Philippine Republic to win a second full term. The end of Marcos' second term was supposed to be in December 1973, which would also have been the end of his presidency because the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines allowed him to have only two four-year terms. However, Marcos issued","psg_id":"21001995"},{"title":"Imee Marcos","text":"Ilocos Norte in 1998, saw her taking over the position previously held by her brother, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., who became governor of Ilocos Norte that same year. In the context of their mother Imelda Marcos' similar return to politics as congresswoman in Leyte in 1995, journalists and academics noted that the Marcoses had cemented a polittical dynasty after their return from exile, despite the explicit anti-dynasty provision in Article II Section 26 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Saying that this was a common occurrence because of the way Philippne society is structured, Imee Marcos asserted in a November","psg_id":"2920072"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the Tenth President of the Philippines on 30 December 1965. His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the 1935 Philippine Constitution had set a limit of only two four-year terms of office. Marcos had won the Philippine presidential election of 1965 against the incumbent President, Diosdado Macapagal. Before Marcos' Presidency, the Philippines was the second largest economy in Asia, behind only Japan. He pursued an aggressive program of infrastructure development funded by foreign loans, making him","psg_id":"20739512"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"debts that experts say the Philippines will have to keep paying well into 2025. The grandest infrastructure projects of Marcos' first term, especially the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex, also marked the beginning of what critics would call Ferdinand Marcos and First Lady Imelda Marcos' Edifice complex, with grand public infrastructures projects prioritized for public funding because of their propaganda value. When the time came for the Philippine Presidential election of 1969, it was taken for granted that Ferdinand Marcos and Fernando Lopez would be unanimously nominated as the respective presidential and vice presidential candidates of the Nacionalista party.","psg_id":"20739521"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"economy of the decision. In his 1987 treatise, \"Dictatorship & Martial Law: Philippine Authoritarianism in 1972\", University of the Philippines Public Administration Professor Alex Brillantes Jr. identifies three reasons expressed by the Marcos administration, saying that martial law: The first two justifications were explicitly stated in Proclamation 1081, which cited two explicit justifications: \"to save the republic\" (from various plots); and \"to reform society\" (after the failure of American-style democracy). The third rationalization arose from the administration's propaganda, which portrayed Ferdinand Marcos as a hypermasculine figure able to compel the obedience of supposedly \"spoiled\" Filipinos. Opposition to Marcos' declaration of","psg_id":"20734848"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"law. The opposition bloc had effectively been decimated and the threat of imprisonment hung over any delegates who might voice opposition in the convention. The regular rules of the convention were suspended and a 166-member group headed by Marcos-supporting Delegate Gilberto Duavit came up with a new draft of the constitution. By November 29, 1972 - a little over two months after the declaration of martial law, the convention approved the draft, and it was presented to Ferdinand Marcos in Malacañang palace on December 1, 1972. Marcos' 14 years as dictator is historically remembered for its record of human rights","psg_id":"20734880"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Bonifacio. Santa Monica Church in Sarrat, the Immaculate Conception Church in Batac, and the Saint Agustine Church in Paoay were earlier prepared for the wake for former President Marcos before the burial at the Heroes' Cemetery. The Philippine National Police were informed on the night of November 17, 2016 that the burial will take place the day after. The police confirmed the scheduled burial in the morning of November 18. The November 18 burial was scheduled to take place at noon. The remains of Ferdinand Marcos was airlifted from Ilocos Norte at 9:00 a.m. (UTC+8) and was brought to the","psg_id":"19681986"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"An initiative called Bawat Bato () was launched, urging those who oppose the plan to dump stones with names of victims of abuses during the Martial Law era of Ferdinand Marcos or a personal message at the proposed site of the burial of Marcos within the Heroes' Cemetery. On July 17, 2016, a group of people participated in a protest run around the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City led by Fr. Robert Reyes. Reyes said, “whom, in the minds of martial law victims, is a traitor and dictator, is a terrible insult to history and the country itself.” About","psg_id":"19681991"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"to have no bearing due to the cases being civil in nature. It was added that it's up to the people to decide on the matter. The concurring judges also clarified that the court is exercising judicial restraint on an issue they say is \"truly political in nature\" and that the resulting stigma of Ferdinand Marcos' Martial Law regime will \"not be forgotten by the Filipino people\" and Marcos' burial at the cemetery \"will not rewrite history\". The Chief Justice said that the burial disregards both international and domestic laws in regards to giving justice to victims of human rights","psg_id":"19681981"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"plan shortly before the burial. The Marcos family requested the government to conduct the burial in private, and confidentially. A budget was allocated by the government on the burial and the exceeding budget reportedly will be shouldered by the Marcoses. No exact figures regarding the budget allocated for the burial rites were disclosed. Ferdinand Marcos was buried in a marble finished tomb with a cauldron that has a flame burning inside. 2013-2017 Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) president Lingayen-Dagupan Archbishop Socrates Villegas, a protegé of late Manila Archbishop Jamie Sin during EDSA 1986, said through text to Rappler,","psg_id":"19681988"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"economy brought about the social unrest which motivated the proclamation of Martial Law in 1972. The 1969 elections were held on 11 November, and Marcos won an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines. His running mate, incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez was also elected to a third full term as Vice President of the Philippines. First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the Tenth President of the Philippines on 30 December 1965. His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the","psg_id":"20739525"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"the duty to combat impunity as well as to preserve memory—all of which are international commitments that the Philippines is bound to observe. Following the Supreme Court decision, preparations for the burial were commenced. Ilocos Norte Governor and daughter of Ferdinand Marcos, Imee Marcos says that the burial will be done with \"simple rites like an ordinary soldier\", and insisted that the event will not be a state funeral but a \"funeral for a soldier\" which she says her father wished for. She also added that the family is willing to airlift the former President's remains from Batac to Fort","psg_id":"19681985"},{"title":"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969","text":"just before new year's day in December the same year. Under the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines which was in force at the time, Marcos was supposed to be allowed a maximum of two four year terms as President. The formal beginning of the 1969 campaign can be dated to the July 1969 meeting of the Philippines' Nacionalista Party, in which Ferdinand Marcos was formally nominated as the party's presidential candidate. A meeting of the party's ruling junta had met a week earlier to assure that the nomination would be unanimous. With his popularity already beefed up by debt-funded spending,","psg_id":"20807844"},{"title":"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"bombed many places in the Philippines, including Clark Field. The 14th Army began its invasion with a landing on Batan Island (not to be confused with Bataan Peninsula), 120 miles (190 km) off the north coast of Luzon on the same day, by selected naval infantry units. Landings on Camiguin Island and at Vigan, Aparri, and Gonzaga in northern Luzon followed two days later. Marcos was one of those who were called into the army as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941. The U.S. Army has confirmed that Ferdinand Marcos fought on the","psg_id":"20712582"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"television channel KBS-9 went back on air playing episodes of Hanna-Barbera's \"Wacky Races\" cartoon series, which was interrupted at 3:00 PM, when Press Secretary Francisco Tatad went on air to read Proclamation No. 1081, through which Marcos declared martial law. Ferdinand Marcos himself went on air at 7:15 that evening to formalize the announcement. On the following Morning, September 24, the headline of Benedicto's \"Daily Express\" announced \"FM Declares Martial Law\" - the only newspaper to come out in the immediate aftermath of martial law. The declaration shut down 7 Television Stations, 16 National Daily Newspapers, 11 Weekly Magazines, 66","psg_id":"20734876"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Marcos being a \"hero in the true sense of the word\". He pointed out that former soldiers and presidents are allowed to be buried at the cemetery and that he would be violating the law if he did not push through with the burial and added that the previous administrations should have passed a law to bar Marcos from being buried at the Heroes' Cemetery. Duterte said he doesn't care about the dispute regarding the authenticity of Marcos' war medals and the non-appearance of Marcos' alleged World War II service in United States records. Marcos was originally scheduled to be","psg_id":"19681977"},{"title":"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"He also admitted that the Marcos-tied corporations of Ancor, Calno, Kuodo and Camelton belonged to him. Eduardo “Danding” Cojuangco kept close, familial ties with the Marcoses. Aside from business and political dealings, Cojuanco and Marcos are godfathers to each other’s children — Cojuangco to Marcos’ junior, nicknamed Bongbong, and Marcos to Cojuangco’s son which he named ‘Marcos’. Cojuangco, with Juan Ponce Enrile, were involved with the Coco Levy Fund Scam, which taxed small farmers with the promise of shares in the coconut investment company (Cocofund). However, farmers benefitted nothing from this levy, as the middle-men did not return receipts that","psg_id":"20728149"},{"title":"Bongbong Marcos","text":"Marcos ran for Vice President of the Philippines in the 2016 election. With a difference of 263,473 votes, 0.64 percent difference, Marcos suffered a narrow and controversial loss to Leni Robredo. Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., nicknamed 'Bongbong', was born on September 13, 1957, to Ferdinand E. Marcos and Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez. His father Ferdinand Sr. had been Representative of the Second District of Ilocos Norte when he was born, and became Senator two years later. Marcos Jr. was only 8 years old when his father was first inaugurated as the tenth President of the Philippines in 1965, but because","psg_id":"2918969"},{"title":"Pacifico Marcos","text":"finally dismissed in 2007 by the Supreme Court, which said there was no evidence that the loan was given simply because Pacifico Marcos was a \"crony\" of the former president. His son, Mariano \"Nonong\" Marcos II, is now a provincial board member in Ilocos Norte. Pacifico Marcos Pacífico Edralín Marcos (born January 30, 1919) is a physician and the younger brother of former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos. As of June 2018, he is the last surviving sibling of Ferdinand Marcos. Dr. Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Mariano Rubio Marcos and Josefa Quetulio Edralin. Marcos,","psg_id":"6793689"},{"title":"Marcos dynasty","text":"Marcos dynasty The political dynasty of the Marcos family in the Philippines traces its beginnings to the 1925 election of Mariano Marcos to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte; reached its peak during the 21-year reign of Ferdinand Marcos as president of the Philippines which included the declaration of Martial Law throughout the country; and continues today with the political careers of Imelda Marcos, Imee Marcos, and Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Imee Marcos has attributed the continued reign of the Marcos family to the inherent feudalism of Philippine culture. Although nominally democratic, Philippine","psg_id":"20886208"},{"title":"Marcos mansions","text":"the Marcoses. Another property, the Banaue Inn compound, is located just behind the Campos house. Closer to the main seat of power, Marcos Mansions were located in Makati, Parañaque, Pandacan, and San Juan. Houses were once again designated for each of the three Marcos Children: a residence in Seaside Subdivision, Parañaque was designated for Bongbong Marcos, one in Wack Wack Subdivision in Mandaluyong was designated for Imee Marcos, while a house in Forbes Park, Makati, was designated for Irene Marcos. Other locations where Marcos Mansions were built include several in Ilocos Norte and Leyte, the home provinces of Ferdinand and","psg_id":"20703595"},{"title":"Pacifico Marcos","text":"Pacifico Marcos Pacífico Edralín Marcos (born January 30, 1919) is a physician and the younger brother of former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos. As of June 2018, he is the last surviving sibling of Ferdinand Marcos. Dr. Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Mariano Rubio Marcos and Josefa Quetulio Edralin. Marcos, a graduate of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine and a member of the Mu Sigma Phi Fraternity, was a President of the Philippine Medical Association. In 1971 he was appointed the first chair of the nine-member Philippine Medical Care Commission. This commission","psg_id":"6793686"},{"title":"Imee Marcos","text":"She then stated: \"\"As we all know, these are political accusations that have not been proven in court.\"\" Marcos is the eldest daughter of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Romuáldez Marcos. Her siblings are, Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Marcos Jr., Irene Marcos-Araneta, and Aimee Marcos. She also has a number of half-siblings who are not as known by the public at large. This includes three siblings which her father had with Carmen Ortega of the powerful Ortega clan of La Union, who was his common-law wife before he married Imelda Romuáldez. Imee Marcos was married to golfer and former professional basketball coach Tommy","psg_id":"2920086"},{"title":"Imelda Marcos","text":"With accusations against her beginning to rise, Ferdinand created the Agrava Commission, a fact-finding committee, to investigate her, ultimately finding her not guilty. On 7 February 1986, snap elections were held between Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino Jr. Despite Ferdinand Marcos claiming to have won the elections, allegations of vote rigging led to mass protests that would be later known as the People Power Revolution. On 25 February, Ferdinand Marcos with his wife Imelda by his side still held the inauguration at Malacañang Palace. The couple later emerged on the Palace balcony in front of","psg_id":"2013791"},{"title":"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"became disenchanted with the excesses of the Marcos administration and wanted to join the opposition after 1971 often joined the ranks of the radicals, simply because they represented the only group vocally offering opposition to the Marcos government. Plaza Miranda was soon followed by a series of about twenty explosions which took place in various locations in Metro Manila in the months immediately proceeding Ferdinand Marcos' proclamation of Martial Law. The first of these bombings took place on March 15, 1972, and the last took place on September 11, 1972 - twelve days before martial law was announced on September","psg_id":"21002009"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"which they describe as a \"fascist dictator\". The Kabataan condemn the burial labeling it as a \"grave travesty\" and as \"\"galawang Hokage\"\" (lit. \"Hokage\" move; \"Hokage\" is a high-ranked ninja in the \"Naruto\" anime franchise). Vice President Robredo expressed disappointment stating that “like a thief in the night, the Marcos family deliberately hid the information of burying former President Marcos today from the Filipino people.” Students from various universities and other groups joined the protest held across the country including Metro Manila, Cebu City, Davao City, etc. Senator Franklin Drilon gave a statement about the burial, “like what Marcos did","psg_id":"19681998"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"buried on September 13 then October 18 after the oral arguments on petitions to stop the burial. Eventually, on 8 November, the Supreme Court of the Philippines allowed Marcos to be buried of Heroes' Cemetery with the votes of 9-5, with one abstention dismissing the status quo ante imposed to block attempts to bury Marcos in the Heroes Cemetery. The concurring judges said that the Supreme Court cannot decide on the matter since it is a political question which was deemed not justiciable. They argue that President Duterte did not abuse his discretion when he allowed the burial of Marcos","psg_id":"19681978"},{"title":"Bongbong Marcos","text":"Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (born September 13, 1957) is a Filipino politician and former senator in the 16th Congress of the Philippines. He is the second child and only son of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos and of former First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos. In 1980, the 23-year-old Bongbong Marcos became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte, running unopposed under the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party of his father, who still ruled the Philippines under martial law at the time. He then became Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1983, holding that office until his family was ousted from power by","psg_id":"2918967"},{"title":"Marcos dynasty","text":"Philippine Presidential Election of 1965 to become the tenth President of the Philippines, staying in the position for 21 years despite the eight year (two four year terms) limitation set by the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines by placing the country under Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos' political prominence would pave the way for other members of the Marcos family to be appointed or elected to various national elections - what would eventually become known as the Marcos dynasty. Some time in 1978, Ferdinand Marcos began an affair with Nashville actress Dovie Beams. When Marcos got tired of the","psg_id":"20886217"},{"title":"Marcos dynasty","text":"1992. However, they were able to return to political power that same year, with the election of Ferdinand Marcos Jr as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte. At least one other branch of the family - that of Ferdinand Sr's sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon, is also in politics, with her son Michael Marcos Keon having been elected board member and governor of Ilocos Norte in 2004 and 2007 respectively. The Marcos political dynasty is generally acknowledged to have been founded when Mariano Marcos Y Rubio (1897-1945) was elected to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second","psg_id":"20886211"},{"title":"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"worth was $800 million. Lucio Tan styles himself as a rags-to-riches self-made millionaire who worked his way up from sweeping and mopping floors to becoming one of the most influential people in Philippine history. However, a closer inspection at his history will reveal deep connections and cronyism to President Ferdinand Marcos, who was able to launch Tan’s immense wealth through sky-high tariff rates on imported cigarettes, under-the-table tax breaks, and government exemptions, all of which allowed Lucio Tan to have a “virtual monopoly for over 40 years in the Philippine Market”. Fortune Tobacco Corp, founded in 1966 (FTC), is the","psg_id":"20728155"},{"title":"Michael Marcos Keon","text":"Michael Marcos Keon Michael Edward Marcos Keon (born September 22, 1954) is a Filipino politician. Keon is the son of Australian journalist Michael Keon and Elizabeth E. Marcos-Keon, governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971 to 1983 and the nephew of former president Ferdinand Marcos. His mother, the first female vice-governor and governor of Ilocos Norte, was the sister of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos. His Australian father, Michael James Keon worked for the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization and had a hand in setting up the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Laguna. Michael James Keon joined the","psg_id":"13914277"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"during the Martial Law era, and participants of the People Power Revolution have opposed attempts to bury Marcos, who they deem as unfit to be buried at the particular cemetery due to his authoritarian rule, and allege that the Marcos family has yet to return money illegally removed from the country's treasury. Opinion on his burial remains split: 50 percent of the 1,800 respondents of a survey conducted by SWS in February 2016 said Marcos “was worthy to be buried at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani” while the other half rejected a hero’s burial. There were conflicting claims on where","psg_id":"19681965"},{"title":"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"and Philippine American Life and General Insurance Company (PhilamLife); the Cubao branch of the Philippine Trust Company (now known as PhilTrust Bank); the Senate Publication Division and the Philippine Sugar Institute in Quezon City, and the South Vietnamese embassy. Hoever, only one of these incidents - the one in the Carriedo shopping mall - went beyond damage to property; one woman was killed and about 40 persons were injured. Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 in late September 1972, placing the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law and effectively extending his presidency indefinitely. Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","psg_id":"21002011"},{"title":"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so","psg_id":"20739513"},{"title":"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos","text":"group, it soon became the leading communist party in the Philippines. When Marcos became President in 1965, the PKP was a weakened organization, and the Hukbalahap reduced to \"what amounted to banditry.\" But Marcos immediately made noise about the supposed \"communist threat\" - drawing on images of the bloody Huk encounters of the 1950s, and courting the Johnson administration's political support in light of the U.S.' recent entry into the Vietnam war. Marcos continued using communism as bogeyman after 1968, as the PKP faded into obscurity and the nascent CPP became more prominent. The Armed Forces of the Philippines did","psg_id":"20734864"},{"title":"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"power even beyond the two term maximum set for the presidency by the 1935 constitution. The media reports of the time classified the various civil society groups opposing Marcos into two categories. The \"Moderates\", which included church groups, civil libertarians, and nationalist politicians, were those who wanted to create change through political reforms. The \"radicals\", including a number of labor and student groups, wanted broader, more systemic political reforms. With the Constitutional Convention occupying their attention from 1971 to 1973, statesmen and politicians opposed to the increasingly more-authoritarian administration of Ferdinand Marcos mostly focused their efforts on political efforts from","psg_id":"21001999"},{"title":"Imelda Marcos","text":"serious rival would be Senator Sergio Osmeña, Jr. Marcos used the First Lady as his special ace and made her campaign in Cebu using her glamor and charm among the Cebuanos. In the 1985 & 1969 presidential elections, Ferdinand even called Imelda Marcos as his \"secret weapon.\" Through the combined efforts of the President and First Lady, they were able to repudiate the leadership of Osmena in his own province. All eight Senatorial candidates of the Nacionalista party in Cebu won and 47 out of 49 Cebu towns were captured by the Marcos-led Nacionalistas. Imelda knew that her husband Ferdinand","psg_id":"2013760"},{"title":"Imee Marcos","text":"FLT Films International) were scored by industry critics. By 1985 ECP was producing \"about twenty sexually exlplicit quickies\" which they hoped to screen at the three screening rooms of the National Film Center. The films were assured of a neat profit despite the few screening venues. The Marcoses got a lot of criticism during the last part of Ferdinand Marcos' reign because of their conspicuous spending, which was far beyond their legal means, as expressed in the Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos' legally-required Statements of Assets Liabilities and Net Worth (SALN). Some of the specific things Imee Marcos enjoyed were her","psg_id":"2920062"},{"title":"Imelda Marcos","text":"within this time frame, the escalation in the increase of the expenditures are highly questionable. She called the CCP Complex the \"sanctuary of the Filipino soul\", as it became the locus of all state-initiated cultural productions. Another construction project closely linked with Imelda Marcos during Ferdinand Marcos' first term is the San Juanico Bridge, which links Samar to Imelda's home province of Leyte. Although it wasn't initiated by Imelda herself, it was promoted by the administration as Ferdinand Marcos' gift to his wife. It was funded with foreign loans of US$22 million (about ), from Japan's Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency","psg_id":"2013774"},{"title":"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"1972 when a delegate exposed a bribery scheme in which delegates were paid to vote in favor of the Marcoses – with First Lady Imelda Marcos herself implicated in the alleged payola scheme. The investigation on the scheme was effectively shelved when Marcos declared martial law in September 1972, and had 11 opposition delegates arrested. The remaining opposition delegates were forced to go either into exile or hiding. Within two months, an entirely new draft of the constitution was created from scratch by a special committee. The 1973 constitutional plebiscite was called to ratify the new constitution, but the validity","psg_id":"21002005"},{"title":"Mariano Marcos","text":"smaller local election rather than a national race, easily regaining the family's traditional post of Congressman for the Second District of Ilocos Norte. Since then, Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Imee Marcos have run for numerous posts, alternatingly winning posts including the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the governorship of Ilocos Norte. Ferdinand Jr. became a Senator from 2010 to 2016, and ran for the post of Vice President during the 2016 Philippine National election, but narrowly lost to Leni Robredo. Mariano Marcos Mariano Marcos y Rubio","psg_id":"8349671"},{"title":"Marcos dynasty","text":"the Second District of Ilocos Norte. Since then, Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Imee Marcos have run for numerous posts, alternatingly winning posts including the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the governorship of Ilocos Norte. Ferdinand Jr. became a Senator from 2010 to 2016, and ran for the post of Vice President during the 2016 Philippine National election, but narrowly lost to Leni Robredo. First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation First Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Marcos dynasty The political dynasty of the Marcos family","psg_id":"20886223"},{"title":"Comedy in the Philippines","text":"political mainstream. A number of comedians became very popular for this, notably Willie Nepomuceno and Tessie Tomas, who were known for their comedic impersonations of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Nepomuceno would later reveal that he would regularly be approached by generals of the Armed Forces of the Philippines to stop impersonating Marcos \"\"dahil siya ang presidente\"\" (because he's the president) and he's supposed to be treated with respect. Nepumoceno says that he still did the impersonations because he felt that was the only way he was able to serve the country during the dictatorship. The ouster and eventual exile of","psg_id":"14744947"},{"title":"Timeline of the Marcos dictatorship","text":"Timeline of the Marcos dictatorship This timeline of the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines covers three periods of Philippine history in which Marcos wielded political control. First, it covers the period of Marcos' first two terms—1965 to 1969 and 1969 to 1972—under the 1935 Consititution, as well as the antecedent events which brought Marcos to political power. Second, it covers the period in which Proclamation 1081, which put the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law, was in force—from September 1972 to January 1981. Lastly, it covers the entirety of the period described as the \"Fourth Republic,\" where","psg_id":"20723621"},{"title":"Marcos mansions","text":"Marcos mansions The term “Marcos mansions” refers to at least fifty upscale residences which are considered part of the ill-gotten wealth of the family of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. Along with the Marcos jewels, art collection, and shoe hoard, the Marcos Mansions are frequently cited to illustrate the Marcos family’s wanton spending during the dictatorship. Because the estimated cost of these mansions is much more than the income recorded in Marcos’ sworn statement of assets and liabilities (SALN), the number, size, and opulence of these mansions is interpreted by the Philippine government as prima facie evidence that the Marcoses","psg_id":"20703591"},{"title":"Imee Marcos","text":"Force Base at the expense of the US Government. A month later, they moved into a pair of residences in Makiki Heights, Honolulu, which were registered to Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. Marcos would eventually die in exile in 1989. President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the Marcoses, including Imee, to return to the Philippines in order to face various charges. News reports from the period record that Marcos supporters organized crowd from Manila's slums to welcome the Marcoses on their return. Twelve years after her family's exile, Marcos returned to the world of politics. She ran as Congresswoman","psg_id":"2920069"},{"title":"Marcos mansions","text":"the summer residence of the Philippine head of state. Four of these houses occupy roughly five hectares of land on Outlook Drive, just across the Mansion house, and were each designated to a member of the Marcos Family - the \"Wigwam House Compound\" for Bongbong Marcos, the \"Fairmont House Compound for Imee Marcos, the \"Hans Menzi House compound\" for Irene Marcos, and a fourth house for Ferdinand Marcos' mother Doña Josefa Edralin Marcos. Located on the same road is a two story house called the \"Lualhati residence\", whose title was held by Marcos crony Jose Y. Campos on behalf of","psg_id":"20703594"},{"title":"Mariano Marcos","text":"that same province from 1983-1986. Secondborn Imee Marcos to become chairman of the Kabataang Barangay from 1975 to 1986. Although the Marcos family was removed from power by civilian protests during the 1986 People Power Revolution, President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the members of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the death of Ferdinand Marcos, supposedly so that they could face various corruption charges. Within a year of arriving, Imelda Marcos was running for president in the 1992 Philippine Presidential election, finishing 5th out of 7 candidates. In that same yar Marcos Jr. ran in a much","psg_id":"8349670"},{"title":"Where Did Your Heart Go?","text":"Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \"It's an Attack!\" as the B-side. A live recording of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"","psg_id":"11903014"},{"title":"Bongbong Marcos","text":"the EDSA revolution. Since he had reached the age of majority and were \"already adults during the height of the martial law regime\", government investigators and critics alike consider him, in the words of Congressman Edcel Lagman, \"old enough when the documented atrocities and plunder were committed by the conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos\". Marcos is generally considered to have benefitted from the Marcos family's unexplained wealth. Aside from the tuition, USD 10,000.00 monthly allowance, and the estates used by Marcos Jr. and Imee Marcos during their respective studies at Wharton and Princeton, each of the Marcos children","psg_id":"2918980"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"Marcos' body\". Manila Archbishop Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle remained silent on the burial and instead chose to offer prayers for the Marcos family and the Filipinos. The late Leopoldo S. Tumulak of the Military Ordinariate of the Philippines echoed the same sentiments of Arguelles. A poll conducted by the Social Weather Stations (SWS) in March 2011 showed that opinion is split. The same trend appears in a follow up poll by SWS in February 2016. However validated voters instead of just anyone who is 18 years and above as done in the 2011 poll, where queried for the 2016 poll.","psg_id":"19681990"},{"title":"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"of Marcos at the site would commence the \"healing\" of the Philippines and pointed out Marcos' idealism and vision for the country through his projects which \"stood the test of time\" and that Marcos' dictatorship \"remains to be debated\". Duterte previously stated that Marcos could have been the best president if not for the abuses during the Martial law period under Marcos' watch. At the Visayas leg of the PiliPinas Debates 2016, Duterte and fellow candidate Jejomar Binay expressed their support for a Marcos burial at the heroes' cemetery. On August 7, 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte gave the order to","psg_id":"19681975"},{"title":"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"presidential campaign funds, and it was in his Davao estate where Marcos launched his 1969 presidential campaign in southern Philippines. Under the Marcos administration, Floirendo’s company Tagum Agricultural Development Company, Inc. (TADECO) leased 6,000 hectares of prime, fertile, government land and employed prison labor from the neighboring prisons. This project was formerly halted during the Macapagal Administration. It violated the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines and Philippine corporate law, which permitted only up to 1,024 land acquisition. Sen. Lorendo Tañada chaired a Blue Ribbon Committee investigation into the matter, which caused Floirendo to retreat the plan to wait for a","psg_id":"20728146"},{"title":"Imelda Marcos","text":"Beams, the two had an affair and she was moved into one of Ferdinand's safe houses, where she recorded their lovemaking with Ferdinand's full consent. These tapes were later played in a press conference, causing great humiliation for Imelda. Members of the Marcos Cabinet such as Cesar Virata and Gerardo Sicat recount that Imelda used the humiliation of the Dovie Beams affair as leverage to begin developing an independent political agenda which gave her more and more political power.} Initially, this meant that Imelda had free rein on her projects while Ferdinand prepared for the 1969 campaign,} but as Marcos'","psg_id":"2013778"},{"title":"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos","text":"of the Department of History of the University of the Philippines, Marcos's claims in his self-commissioned autobiography \"Marcos of the Philippines\" that Gen. Douglas MacArthur pinned on him the Distinguished Service Cross medal for delaying Japanese at Bataan for 3 months was highly improbable. John Sharkey of the \"Washington Post\" found records that Marcos was in the list of those that were released due to either \"having severe health problems and those whose families have cooperated with the Japanese military authorities.\" Since Marcos's name did not appear in the 1942 \"Manila Tribune\" list of ailing prisoners that were released by","psg_id":"20712588"},{"title":"Marcos, Ilocos Norte","text":"Marcos, Ilocos Norte ', officially the ', is a in the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. Marcos town was formerly a part of Dingras, Ilocos Norte, and the town was created in 1963 by Republic Act No. 3753, was named in honor of Mariano Marcos (April 21, 1897 – March 8, 1945) who was the father of the former president Ferdinand Marcos. Four barangays were named after Mariano Marcos' four children: Marcos is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. The small town of Marcos has seen multiple violent political attacks. On the","psg_id":"5344870"},{"title":"Marcos dynasty","text":"Makiki Heights, Honolulu, which were registered to marcos cronies Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the members of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the death of Ferdinand Marcos, supposedly so that they could face various corruption charges. Within a year of returning to the Philippines, Imelda Marcos was running for president in the 1992 Philippine Presidential election, finishing 5th out of 7 candidates. In that same yar Marcos Jr. ran in a much smaller local election rather than a national race, easily regaining the family's traditional post of Congressman for","psg_id":"20886222"},{"title":"Imee Marcos","text":"November 2018, the Sandiganbayan anti-graft court found that illegal Swiss foundations were used to earn from investments and interests to benefit Imelda and Ferdinand Marcos and their beneficaries Imee Marcos, Bongbong Marcos, and Irene Marcos-Araneta. The Sandiganbayan's 5th Division convicted former Imelda Marcos for creating and maintaining seven private foundations in Switzerland while holding government positions from 1968 to 1986. The Imee and her siblings were named as beneficiaries of two of the illegal foundations: the Trinidad Foundation and the Xandy Foundation. She formerly belonged to the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, or KBL, the political party of her father. Subsequently, she","psg_id":"2920080"},{"title":"Bongbong Marcos","text":"Ferdinand Marcos Sr.'s term was extended by his 1972 declaration of Martial Law, Marcos Jr turned 18 – the Philippines' age of legal majority – with his father still president, in 1974. His godfathers included prominent Marcos cronies Eduardo \"Danding\" Cojuanco Jr., and pharmaceuticals magnate Jose Yao Campos. Although his career as a politician would formally begin at age 23 when he became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte, his father's political profile meant that the Marcos children, particularly Bongbong and his sister Imee, became an integral part of the Marcos propaganda machine. Bongbong was thrust into the national limelight as","psg_id":"2918970"},{"title":"Marcos dynasty","text":"to 1984. Ferdinand's Sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon to become Governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971–1983. The Marcos couple's Firstborn, Imee Marcos, was appointed chairman of the Kabataang Barangay from 1975 to 1986, and was Assemblyman to the Batasang Pambansa for Ilocos Norte from 1984 to 1986. Secondborn Ferdinand Marcos Jr. become Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte from 1980 to 1983 and Governor of that same province from 1983-1986. As a result of the economic collapse brought about by the assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, the Marcos family was removed from power by civilian protests during the 1986 People Power Revolution.","psg_id":"20886220"},{"title":"Marcos dynasty","text":"as a Japanese collaborator, and executed through dismemberment using two carabaos. Because the Nalundasan murder trial resulting drew wide public attention in the years immediately prior to the war, Mariano's son Ferdinand was in an ideal political position to enter politics in the postwar years. Ferdinand Marcos' rise to power was dramatic. He served three terms in Mariano's own former position as the Philippine House of Representatives as the Congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte, from 1949 to 1959. Between 1959 and 1965, he served in the Philippine Senate, where he became Senate President until he won the","psg_id":"20886216"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Bust of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos (who died in exile in 1989), took the offer as a \\\"kind gesture\\\" but said that efforts to fix the monument should be a \\\"collective decision of the Marcoses and their supporters\\\". Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the son of the former president, said that restoring the bust was never a subject of discussion among the family. Bust of Ferdinand Marcos A concrete bust of President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos was built in Pugo, La Union. The monument was destroyed in December 2002. The bust bore the likeness of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18619252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"bury former President Ferdinand Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery saying that Marcos was qualified to be buried at the cemetery due to being a \\\"former president and a soldier\\\". Duterte said he was open to demonstrations against the burial plan but insisted that the former President was qualified to be buried at the cemetery. He also added that the burial date may be moved to September 11 which was the birthday of the deceased president. Amidst criticism that Marcos did not deserve to be buried at the cemetery, Duterte said that burying Marcos at the site did not equate to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681976\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos The Burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986) and dictator was originally scheduled on September 13, 2016 and later on October 18, 2016 at the Heroes' Cemetery in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. On November 8 of the same year, the Supreme Court eventually decided that Marcos be buried at Heroes' Cemetery on an unspecified date. The burial of Marcos took place on November 18, 2016. The burial of Ferdinand Marcos, who died in 1989, particularly at the Heroes' Cemetery has been a controversial issue as critics, particularly victims of human rights violations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681964\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bust of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Bust of Ferdinand Marcos A concrete bust of President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos was built in Pugo, La Union. The monument was destroyed in December 2002. The bust bore the likeness of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. The inside of the bust was hollow. The bust measured high and was made of concrete. Around 1978, the bust's construction began along Marcos Highway, which was later officially renamed Aspiras–Palispis Highway. The bust was constructed by the Philippine Tourism Authority and was meant to be the centerpiece of Marcos Park. The bust was positioned near the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18619247\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"those \\\"whose families have cooperated with the Japanese military authorities.\\\" Lists of ailing prisoners released by the Manila press in the summer of 1942 did not include Ferdinand Marcos' name did not appear on any of those lists, and journalists later discovered documents stating that Ferdinand's father Mariano Marcos had been a propagandist working for the Japanese during the war, and had been \\\"executed by anti-Japanese guerrillas\\\" in 1945. After the fall of Bataan, Marcos claimed to have led a guerrilla force called \\\"Ang Mahárlika\\\" (Tagalog, \\\"The Freeman\\\") in northern Luzon during World War II. According to Marcos' claim, this\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20712584\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969\",\n \"text\": \"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969 The 1969 reelection campaign of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Republic of the Philippines, started in July 1969 when incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos was unanimously nominated as the Presidential candidate of the Nacionalista Party, and concluded when the 1969 Philippine presidential election concluded with Marcos winning an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines. With Fernando Lopez as his vice president, he ran against the Liberal Party slate of, Sergio Osmena, Jr and Genaro Magsaysay. Ferdinand Marcos won his first campaign for the Philippine Presidency in November 1965, and was inaugurated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20807843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"would be allowed if held in Marcos' home province instead of Manila. Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos opposed the move saying that the dying wish of her husband was to be buried in Manila. In January 1992, the Philippine government stated that it may not oppose the burial of Marcos anywhere in Metro Manila provided that Marcos' body was flown into the country after the 1992 Philippine election in May. The Marcos family opposed the condition and was waiting for a ruling of the Supreme Court at that time regarding their petition to bury Ferdinand Marcos as soon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"as head of the Presidential Commission on Good Government, these cronies helped the Marcoses amass his wealth by aiding him in one or more of what Salonga called \\\"\\\"Marcos' Techniques of Plunder.\\\"\\\" These techniques, Says salonga, were: Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos Certain associates of the former Philippine president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos have benefited from their friendship with Marcos - whether in terms of legal assistance, political favours, or facilitation of business monopolies, during the latter's administration. Marcos critics, and the local and international press began referring to these individuals as \\\"cronies\\\" during the latter days of the Marcos dictatorship,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20728164\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Aquino III tasked then Vice President Jejomar Binay to study whether to bury Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery or not. The Office of the Vice President received 3,000 responses from various political parties, sectors, organizations, and members of the public on the issue. Binay recommended the burial of Marcos in his hometown of Batac with full military honors. Aquino did not act on the recommendation. Rodrigo Duterte supported the burial of Ferdinand Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery, even before he assumed presidency and expressed this stance at his presidential campaign in the 2016 elections. Duterte has expressed that a burial\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681974\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos Certain associates of the former Philippine president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos have benefited from their friendship with Marcos - whether in terms of legal assistance, political favours, or facilitation of business monopolies, during the latter's administration. Marcos critics, and the local and international press began referring to these individuals as \\\"cronies\\\" during the latter days of the Marcos dictatorship, and the Philippine government - especially the Presidential Commission on Good Governance (PCGG) - continued using the term after the ouster of the Marcoses in 1986. These \\\"cronies\\\" were awarded government commissions, projects and funds, many of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20728143\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center\",\n \"text\": \"Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center The Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center is a museum situated in Batac, Ilocos Norte dedicated to former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos which also hosts the cenotaph of the former President. The museum shows memorabilia of the late president, from his stint in the armed forces down to his presidency. The large cenotaph which contains the glass-encased coffin in which the widely believed embalmed body of Marcos was on public display shortly after his remains were brought in Ilocos Norte from the United States in 1993 until his body was re-interred at the Heroes' Cemetery in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16226852\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"of the proclamation of martial law. The work of the Convention was affected by the declaration of martial law in September 1972 by President Ferdinand Marcos; the military units assigned to implement martial law were given a list of 400 individuals to arrest, consisting mostly of outspoken critics of Ferdinand Marcos' administration. This included a number of members of the Constitutional Convention. Some of the individuals on the list, such as Raul Manglapus, were either not in the Philippines when martial law was declared, while some, such as Raul Roco, where in the country but managed to evade arrest. However,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center\",\n \"text\": \"the body before it was flown to the Philippines. It was reported on August 2016, that Historian Antonio Montalvan II said that a close Marcos family friend of his revealed that the body displayed on the glass coffin was a wax figure and not the preserved remains of Ferdinand Marcos. Montalvan added that the real body of Marcos is buried underneath the glass coffin. A wax replica of Marcos' remains was reportedly left inside the glass coffin on the day Marcos' real body was interred at the Heroes' Cemetery. There are reportedly two or three replicas of Marcos' body. Ferdinand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16226856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"November, Bonifacio Day, at the People Power Monument in Quezon City. On December 10, about 11,000 protesters marched on the streets in Capiz, Iloilo, Bacolod, Aklan, and Cebu, commemorating Human Rights Day. On the night of December 15, about 150 members of a group called Coalition against Marcos Burial gathered at the People Power Monument to attend the mass. Thousands of people celebrating the 31st anniversary 1986 People Power Revolution on February 25, 2017 with protests. Burial of Ferdinand Marcos The Burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986) and dictator was originally scheduled on September 13,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19682003\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"the Japanese, Sharkey believed that Marcos may have been freed due to his connections with his father. Military career of Ferdinand Marcos The Military career of former Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos during World War II has been the subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international Military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20712589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos The Military career of former Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos during World War II has been the subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international Military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was taken prisoner. According to Marcos' account, he was released from prison by the Japanese on August 4,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20712577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"return. Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imelda Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"on state visits, extravagant parties, shopping sprees, her jewelry and shoe collections, and for initiating multiple grand architectural projects using public funds, behavior which has come to be described in common parlance as \\\"Imeldific\\\". The People Power Revolution in February 1986 unseated the Marcoses and forced the family into exile. In 1991, President Corazon Aquino allowed the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the 1989 death of Ferdinand Marcos. Imelda Marcos was elected four times to the House of Representatives. She, along with her husband Ferdinand, are famous for holding the Guinness World Record for the \\\"Greatest Robbery\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969\",\n \"text\": \"essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders. Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1969, resulting in an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines for Incumbent President Marcos. Incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez was also elected to a third full term as Vice President of the Philippines. Twelve other candidates ran for president, however ten of those were widely considered \\\"nuisance candidates,\\\" and did not garner a significant number of votes in the election. Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969 The 1969\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20807847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"demonstrations in the afternoon. Left-leaning groups called on President Duterte to end his alliance with Marcoses. Anti-Marcos protestors and Marcos loyalists started a debate on the issue after the two sides made an encounter. Maria Serena Diokno, chairperson of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) submitted her resignation on November 29, 2016 in protest of the Marcos burial. She said that the burial \\\"erases the memory of the lives lost and destroyed\\\" during the Ferdinand Marcos administration and that it \\\" mocks the collective action the Filipinos\\\" took to remove Marcos from his post as President. She added\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19682000\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bongbong Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"the Philippine government had still not recovered from them, on the condition that all civil cases be dropped – a deal that was eventually struck down by the Philippines' supreme court. Ferdinand Marcos would eventually die in exile in 1989. Marcos' Military aide, Arturo C Aruiza, would later reveal that Bongbong Marcos was the only family member present at the former dictator's deathbed. Bongbong Marcos was among the first of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines in 1991, and soon sought political office, beginning in the family's traditional bailiwick in Ilocos Norte. In 1992, Marcos was elected as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2918987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"to be buried beside his mother in Batac, Ilocos Norte. Also according to Alunan, after the signing of the agreement, Imelda Marcos crossed out the burial clause and wrote in that Marcos was to be \\\"temporarily interred\\\" instead of being buried in Ilocos Norte. Alunan said that the terms of agreement could not be changed after it was signed but Mrs. Marcos insisted and came up with a new agreement paper with the changed clause. The revised paper was not signed by the government. It was on September 7, 1993 that the body of Ferdinand Marcos was flown into the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Ferdinand Marcos was in power actually began seven years earlier, when he was first inaugurated president of the Philippines in late 1965, this article deals specifically with the period where he exercised dictatorial powers under martial law, and the period in which he continued to wield those powers despite technically lifting the proclamation of martial law in 1981. When he declared martial law in 1972, Marcos claimed that he had done so in response to the \\\"communist threat\\\" posed by the newly-founded Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the sectarian \\\"rebellion\\\" of the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM). Opposition figures\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"abuses during Marcos' term. The Philippine government was noted to have an obligation to provide compensations to the victims, both monetary and non-monetary, the latter of which includes symbolic reparation. The burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery was deemed by the dissenters as contrary to symbolic reparation entitled to the victims. By allowing the burial, President Duterte was \\\"encouraging impunity\\\". Marcos was described as \\\"a dictator forced out of office and into exile after causing twenty years of political, economic, and social havoc in the country\\\". The argue that Marcos' ouster following the People Power Revolution disqualified him from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"on July 11, 1998. The planned burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery still received opposition even after state honors were not to be included in the planned burial. Former President Corazon Aquino was among those who opposed the move. Estrada remained firm on his decision until July 1998 when Estrada decided against the plan amidst public opposition saying that it would be better if the Marcos family agreed that Ferdinand Marcos be buried in Batac to put an end to \\\"bitter differences\\\" and give rest to \\\"various emotions and sentiments that flared up\\\". In April 2011, then President Benigno\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681973\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos' second term as President of the Philippines began on December 30, 1969, as a result of his winning the 1969 Philippine presidential election nearly two months earlier on November 11, 1969. Marcos was the first and last president of the Third Philippine Republic to win a second full term. The end of Marcos' second term was supposed to be in December 1973, which would also have been the end of his presidency because the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines allowed him to have only two four-year terms. However, Marcos issued\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21001995\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imee Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Ilocos Norte in 1998, saw her taking over the position previously held by her brother, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., who became governor of Ilocos Norte that same year. In the context of their mother Imelda Marcos' similar return to politics as congresswoman in Leyte in 1995, journalists and academics noted that the Marcoses had cemented a polittical dynasty after their return from exile, despite the explicit anti-dynasty provision in Article II Section 26 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Saying that this was a common occurrence because of the way Philippne society is structured, Imee Marcos asserted in a November\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2920072\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the Tenth President of the Philippines on 30 December 1965. His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the 1935 Philippine Constitution had set a limit of only two four-year terms of office. Marcos had won the Philippine presidential election of 1965 against the incumbent President, Diosdado Macapagal. Before Marcos' Presidency, the Philippines was the second largest economy in Asia, behind only Japan. He pursued an aggressive program of infrastructure development funded by foreign loans, making him\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739512\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"debts that experts say the Philippines will have to keep paying well into 2025. The grandest infrastructure projects of Marcos' first term, especially the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex, also marked the beginning of what critics would call Ferdinand Marcos and First Lady Imelda Marcos' Edifice complex, with grand public infrastructures projects prioritized for public funding because of their propaganda value. When the time came for the Philippine Presidential election of 1969, it was taken for granted that Ferdinand Marcos and Fernando Lopez would be unanimously nominated as the respective presidential and vice presidential candidates of the Nacionalista party.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"economy of the decision. In his 1987 treatise, \\\"Dictatorship & Martial Law: Philippine Authoritarianism in 1972\\\", University of the Philippines Public Administration Professor Alex Brillantes Jr. identifies three reasons expressed by the Marcos administration, saying that martial law: The first two justifications were explicitly stated in Proclamation 1081, which cited two explicit justifications: \\\"to save the republic\\\" (from various plots); and \\\"to reform society\\\" (after the failure of American-style democracy). The third rationalization arose from the administration's propaganda, which portrayed Ferdinand Marcos as a hypermasculine figure able to compel the obedience of supposedly \\\"spoiled\\\" Filipinos. Opposition to Marcos' declaration of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734848\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"law. The opposition bloc had effectively been decimated and the threat of imprisonment hung over any delegates who might voice opposition in the convention. The regular rules of the convention were suspended and a 166-member group headed by Marcos-supporting Delegate Gilberto Duavit came up with a new draft of the constitution. By November 29, 1972 - a little over two months after the declaration of martial law, the convention approved the draft, and it was presented to Ferdinand Marcos in Malacañang palace on December 1, 1972. Marcos' 14 years as dictator is historically remembered for its record of human rights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Bonifacio. Santa Monica Church in Sarrat, the Immaculate Conception Church in Batac, and the Saint Agustine Church in Paoay were earlier prepared for the wake for former President Marcos before the burial at the Heroes' Cemetery. The Philippine National Police were informed on the night of November 17, 2016 that the burial will take place the day after. The police confirmed the scheduled burial in the morning of November 18. The November 18 burial was scheduled to take place at noon. The remains of Ferdinand Marcos was airlifted from Ilocos Norte at 9:00 a.m. (UTC+8) and was brought to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"An initiative called Bawat Bato () was launched, urging those who oppose the plan to dump stones with names of victims of abuses during the Martial Law era of Ferdinand Marcos or a personal message at the proposed site of the burial of Marcos within the Heroes' Cemetery. On July 17, 2016, a group of people participated in a protest run around the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City led by Fr. Robert Reyes. Reyes said, “whom, in the minds of martial law victims, is a traitor and dictator, is a terrible insult to history and the country itself.” About\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"to have no bearing due to the cases being civil in nature. It was added that it's up to the people to decide on the matter. The concurring judges also clarified that the court is exercising judicial restraint on an issue they say is \\\"truly political in nature\\\" and that the resulting stigma of Ferdinand Marcos' Martial Law regime will \\\"not be forgotten by the Filipino people\\\" and Marcos' burial at the cemetery \\\"will not rewrite history\\\". The Chief Justice said that the burial disregards both international and domestic laws in regards to giving justice to victims of human rights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681981\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"plan shortly before the burial. The Marcos family requested the government to conduct the burial in private, and confidentially. A budget was allocated by the government on the burial and the exceeding budget reportedly will be shouldered by the Marcoses. No exact figures regarding the budget allocated for the burial rites were disclosed. Ferdinand Marcos was buried in a marble finished tomb with a cauldron that has a flame burning inside. 2013-2017 Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) president Lingayen-Dagupan Archbishop Socrates Villegas, a protegé of late Manila Archbishop Jamie Sin during EDSA 1986, said through text to Rappler,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681988\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"economy brought about the social unrest which motivated the proclamation of Martial Law in 1972. The 1969 elections were held on 11 November, and Marcos won an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines. His running mate, incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez was also elected to a third full term as Vice President of the Philippines. First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the Tenth President of the Philippines on 30 December 1965. His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739525\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"the duty to combat impunity as well as to preserve memory—all of which are international commitments that the Philippines is bound to observe. Following the Supreme Court decision, preparations for the burial were commenced. Ilocos Norte Governor and daughter of Ferdinand Marcos, Imee Marcos says that the burial will be done with \\\"simple rites like an ordinary soldier\\\", and insisted that the event will not be a state funeral but a \\\"funeral for a soldier\\\" which she says her father wished for. She also added that the family is willing to airlift the former President's remains from Batac to Fort\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969\",\n \"text\": \"just before new year's day in December the same year. Under the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines which was in force at the time, Marcos was supposed to be allowed a maximum of two four year terms as President. The formal beginning of the 1969 campaign can be dated to the July 1969 meeting of the Philippines' Nacionalista Party, in which Ferdinand Marcos was formally nominated as the party's presidential candidate. A meeting of the party's ruling junta had met a week earlier to assure that the nomination would be unanimous. With his popularity already beefed up by debt-funded spending,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20807844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"bombed many places in the Philippines, including Clark Field. The 14th Army began its invasion with a landing on Batan Island (not to be confused with Bataan Peninsula), 120 miles (190 km) off the north coast of Luzon on the same day, by selected naval infantry units. Landings on Camiguin Island and at Vigan, Aparri, and Gonzaga in northern Luzon followed two days later. Marcos was one of those who were called into the army as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941. The U.S. Army has confirmed that Ferdinand Marcos fought on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20712582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"television channel KBS-9 went back on air playing episodes of Hanna-Barbera's \\\"Wacky Races\\\" cartoon series, which was interrupted at 3:00 PM, when Press Secretary Francisco Tatad went on air to read Proclamation No. 1081, through which Marcos declared martial law. Ferdinand Marcos himself went on air at 7:15 that evening to formalize the announcement. On the following Morning, September 24, the headline of Benedicto's \\\"Daily Express\\\" announced \\\"FM Declares Martial Law\\\" - the only newspaper to come out in the immediate aftermath of martial law. The declaration shut down 7 Television Stations, 16 National Daily Newspapers, 11 Weekly Magazines, 66\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734876\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Marcos being a \\\"hero in the true sense of the word\\\". He pointed out that former soldiers and presidents are allowed to be buried at the cemetery and that he would be violating the law if he did not push through with the burial and added that the previous administrations should have passed a law to bar Marcos from being buried at the Heroes' Cemetery. Duterte said he doesn't care about the dispute regarding the authenticity of Marcos' war medals and the non-appearance of Marcos' alleged World War II service in United States records. Marcos was originally scheduled to be\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"He also admitted that the Marcos-tied corporations of Ancor, Calno, Kuodo and Camelton belonged to him. Eduardo “Danding” Cojuangco kept close, familial ties with the Marcoses. Aside from business and political dealings, Cojuanco and Marcos are godfathers to each other’s children — Cojuangco to Marcos’ junior, nicknamed Bongbong, and Marcos to Cojuangco’s son which he named ‘Marcos’. Cojuangco, with Juan Ponce Enrile, were involved with the Coco Levy Fund Scam, which taxed small farmers with the promise of shares in the coconut investment company (Cocofund). However, farmers benefitted nothing from this levy, as the middle-men did not return receipts that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20728149\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bongbong Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Marcos ran for Vice President of the Philippines in the 2016 election. With a difference of 263,473 votes, 0.64 percent difference, Marcos suffered a narrow and controversial loss to Leni Robredo. Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., nicknamed 'Bongbong', was born on September 13, 1957, to Ferdinand E. Marcos and Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez. His father Ferdinand Sr. had been Representative of the Second District of Ilocos Norte when he was born, and became Senator two years later. Marcos Jr. was only 8 years old when his father was first inaugurated as the tenth President of the Philippines in 1965, but because\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2918969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pacifico Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"finally dismissed in 2007 by the Supreme Court, which said there was no evidence that the loan was given simply because Pacifico Marcos was a \\\"crony\\\" of the former president. His son, Mariano \\\"Nonong\\\" Marcos II, is now a provincial board member in Ilocos Norte. Pacifico Marcos Pacífico Edralín Marcos (born January 30, 1919) is a physician and the younger brother of former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos. As of June 2018, he is the last surviving sibling of Ferdinand Marcos. Dr. Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Mariano Rubio Marcos and Josefa Quetulio Edralin. Marcos,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6793689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"Marcos dynasty The political dynasty of the Marcos family in the Philippines traces its beginnings to the 1925 election of Mariano Marcos to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte; reached its peak during the 21-year reign of Ferdinand Marcos as president of the Philippines which included the declaration of Martial Law throughout the country; and continues today with the political careers of Imelda Marcos, Imee Marcos, and Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Imee Marcos has attributed the continued reign of the Marcos family to the inherent feudalism of Philippine culture. Although nominally democratic, Philippine\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20886208\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos mansions\",\n \"text\": \"the Marcoses. Another property, the Banaue Inn compound, is located just behind the Campos house. Closer to the main seat of power, Marcos Mansions were located in Makati, Parañaque, Pandacan, and San Juan. Houses were once again designated for each of the three Marcos Children: a residence in Seaside Subdivision, Parañaque was designated for Bongbong Marcos, one in Wack Wack Subdivision in Mandaluyong was designated for Imee Marcos, while a house in Forbes Park, Makati, was designated for Irene Marcos. Other locations where Marcos Mansions were built include several in Ilocos Norte and Leyte, the home provinces of Ferdinand and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20703595\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pacifico Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Pacifico Marcos Pacífico Edralín Marcos (born January 30, 1919) is a physician and the younger brother of former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos. As of June 2018, he is the last surviving sibling of Ferdinand Marcos. Dr. Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Mariano Rubio Marcos and Josefa Quetulio Edralin. Marcos, a graduate of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine and a member of the Mu Sigma Phi Fraternity, was a President of the Philippine Medical Association. In 1971 he was appointed the first chair of the nine-member Philippine Medical Care Commission. This commission\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6793686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imee Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"She then stated: \\\"\\\"As we all know, these are political accusations that have not been proven in court.\\\"\\\" Marcos is the eldest daughter of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Romuáldez Marcos. Her siblings are, Ferdinand \\\"Bongbong\\\" Marcos Jr., Irene Marcos-Araneta, and Aimee Marcos. She also has a number of half-siblings who are not as known by the public at large. This includes three siblings which her father had with Carmen Ortega of the powerful Ortega clan of La Union, who was his common-law wife before he married Imelda Romuáldez. Imee Marcos was married to golfer and former professional basketball coach Tommy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2920086\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imelda Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"With accusations against her beginning to rise, Ferdinand created the Agrava Commission, a fact-finding committee, to investigate her, ultimately finding her not guilty. On 7 February 1986, snap elections were held between Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino Jr. Despite Ferdinand Marcos claiming to have won the elections, allegations of vote rigging led to mass protests that would be later known as the People Power Revolution. On 25 February, Ferdinand Marcos with his wife Imelda by his side still held the inauguration at Malacañang Palace. The couple later emerged on the Palace balcony in front of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"became disenchanted with the excesses of the Marcos administration and wanted to join the opposition after 1971 often joined the ranks of the radicals, simply because they represented the only group vocally offering opposition to the Marcos government. Plaza Miranda was soon followed by a series of about twenty explosions which took place in various locations in Metro Manila in the months immediately proceeding Ferdinand Marcos' proclamation of Martial Law. The first of these bombings took place on March 15, 1972, and the last took place on September 11, 1972 - twelve days before martial law was announced on September\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21002009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"which they describe as a \\\"fascist dictator\\\". The Kabataan condemn the burial labeling it as a \\\"grave travesty\\\" and as \\\"\\\"galawang Hokage\\\"\\\" (lit. \\\"Hokage\\\" move; \\\"Hokage\\\" is a high-ranked ninja in the \\\"Naruto\\\" anime franchise). Vice President Robredo expressed disappointment stating that “like a thief in the night, the Marcos family deliberately hid the information of burying former President Marcos today from the Filipino people.” Students from various universities and other groups joined the protest held across the country including Metro Manila, Cebu City, Davao City, etc. Senator Franklin Drilon gave a statement about the burial, “like what Marcos did\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681998\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"buried on September 13 then October 18 after the oral arguments on petitions to stop the burial. Eventually, on 8 November, the Supreme Court of the Philippines allowed Marcos to be buried of Heroes' Cemetery with the votes of 9-5, with one abstention dismissing the status quo ante imposed to block attempts to bury Marcos in the Heroes Cemetery. The concurring judges said that the Supreme Court cannot decide on the matter since it is a political question which was deemed not justiciable. They argue that President Duterte did not abuse his discretion when he allowed the burial of Marcos\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bongbong Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand \\\"Bongbong\\\" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (born September 13, 1957) is a Filipino politician and former senator in the 16th Congress of the Philippines. He is the second child and only son of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos and of former First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos. In 1980, the 23-year-old Bongbong Marcos became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte, running unopposed under the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party of his father, who still ruled the Philippines under martial law at the time. He then became Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1983, holding that office until his family was ousted from power by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2918967\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"Philippine Presidential Election of 1965 to become the tenth President of the Philippines, staying in the position for 21 years despite the eight year (two four year terms) limitation set by the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines by placing the country under Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos' political prominence would pave the way for other members of the Marcos family to be appointed or elected to various national elections - what would eventually become known as the Marcos dynasty. Some time in 1978, Ferdinand Marcos began an affair with Nashville actress Dovie Beams. When Marcos got tired of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20886217\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"1992. However, they were able to return to political power that same year, with the election of Ferdinand Marcos Jr as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte. At least one other branch of the family - that of Ferdinand Sr's sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon, is also in politics, with her son Michael Marcos Keon having been elected board member and governor of Ilocos Norte in 2004 and 2007 respectively. The Marcos political dynasty is generally acknowledged to have been founded when Mariano Marcos Y Rubio (1897-1945) was elected to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20886211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"worth was $800 million. Lucio Tan styles himself as a rags-to-riches self-made millionaire who worked his way up from sweeping and mopping floors to becoming one of the most influential people in Philippine history. However, a closer inspection at his history will reveal deep connections and cronyism to President Ferdinand Marcos, who was able to launch Tan’s immense wealth through sky-high tariff rates on imported cigarettes, under-the-table tax breaks, and government exemptions, all of which allowed Lucio Tan to have a “virtual monopoly for over 40 years in the Philippine Market”. Fortune Tobacco Corp, founded in 1966 (FTC), is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20728155\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Michael Marcos Keon\",\n \"text\": \"Michael Marcos Keon Michael Edward Marcos Keon (born September 22, 1954) is a Filipino politician. Keon is the son of Australian journalist Michael Keon and Elizabeth E. Marcos-Keon, governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971 to 1983 and the nephew of former president Ferdinand Marcos. His mother, the first female vice-governor and governor of Ilocos Norte, was the sister of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos. His Australian father, Michael James Keon worked for the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization and had a hand in setting up the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Laguna. Michael James Keon joined the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13914277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"during the Martial Law era, and participants of the People Power Revolution have opposed attempts to bury Marcos, who they deem as unfit to be buried at the particular cemetery due to his authoritarian rule, and allege that the Marcos family has yet to return money illegally removed from the country's treasury. Opinion on his burial remains split: 50 percent of the 1,800 respondents of a survey conducted by SWS in February 2016 said Marcos “was worthy to be buried at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani” while the other half rejected a hero’s burial. There were conflicting claims on where\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681965\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"and Philippine American Life and General Insurance Company (PhilamLife); the Cubao branch of the Philippine Trust Company (now known as PhilTrust Bank); the Senate Publication Division and the Philippine Sugar Institute in Quezon City, and the South Vietnamese embassy. Hoever, only one of these incidents - the one in the Carriedo shopping mall - went beyond damage to property; one woman was killed and about 40 persons were injured. Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 in late September 1972, placing the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law and effectively extending his presidency indefinitely. Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21002011\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20739513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"group, it soon became the leading communist party in the Philippines. When Marcos became President in 1965, the PKP was a weakened organization, and the Hukbalahap reduced to \\\"what amounted to banditry.\\\" But Marcos immediately made noise about the supposed \\\"communist threat\\\" - drawing on images of the bloody Huk encounters of the 1950s, and courting the Johnson administration's political support in light of the U.S.' recent entry into the Vietnam war. Marcos continued using communism as bogeyman after 1968, as the PKP faded into obscurity and the nascent CPP became more prominent. The Armed Forces of the Philippines did\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20734864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"power even beyond the two term maximum set for the presidency by the 1935 constitution. The media reports of the time classified the various civil society groups opposing Marcos into two categories. The \\\"Moderates\\\", which included church groups, civil libertarians, and nationalist politicians, were those who wanted to create change through political reforms. The \\\"radicals\\\", including a number of labor and student groups, wanted broader, more systemic political reforms. With the Constitutional Convention occupying their attention from 1971 to 1973, statesmen and politicians opposed to the increasingly more-authoritarian administration of Ferdinand Marcos mostly focused their efforts on political efforts from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21001999\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imelda Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"serious rival would be Senator Sergio Osmeña, Jr. Marcos used the First Lady as his special ace and made her campaign in Cebu using her glamor and charm among the Cebuanos. In the 1985 & 1969 presidential elections, Ferdinand even called Imelda Marcos as his \\\"secret weapon.\\\" Through the combined efforts of the President and First Lady, they were able to repudiate the leadership of Osmena in his own province. All eight Senatorial candidates of the Nacionalista party in Cebu won and 47 out of 49 Cebu towns were captured by the Marcos-led Nacionalistas. Imelda knew that her husband Ferdinand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imee Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"FLT Films International) were scored by industry critics. By 1985 ECP was producing \\\"about twenty sexually exlplicit quickies\\\" which they hoped to screen at the three screening rooms of the National Film Center. The films were assured of a neat profit despite the few screening venues. The Marcoses got a lot of criticism during the last part of Ferdinand Marcos' reign because of their conspicuous spending, which was far beyond their legal means, as expressed in the Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos' legally-required Statements of Assets Liabilities and Net Worth (SALN). Some of the specific things Imee Marcos enjoyed were her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2920062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imelda Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"within this time frame, the escalation in the increase of the expenditures are highly questionable. She called the CCP Complex the \\\"sanctuary of the Filipino soul\\\", as it became the locus of all state-initiated cultural productions. Another construction project closely linked with Imelda Marcos during Ferdinand Marcos' first term is the San Juanico Bridge, which links Samar to Imelda's home province of Leyte. Although it wasn't initiated by Imelda herself, it was promoted by the administration as Ferdinand Marcos' gift to his wife. It was funded with foreign loans of US$22 million (about ), from Japan's Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"1972 when a delegate exposed a bribery scheme in which delegates were paid to vote in favor of the Marcoses – with First Lady Imelda Marcos herself implicated in the alleged payola scheme. The investigation on the scheme was effectively shelved when Marcos declared martial law in September 1972, and had 11 opposition delegates arrested. The remaining opposition delegates were forced to go either into exile or hiding. Within two months, an entirely new draft of the constitution was created from scratch by a special committee. The 1973 constitutional plebiscite was called to ratify the new constitution, but the validity\",\n \"psg_id\": \"21002005\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mariano Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"smaller local election rather than a national race, easily regaining the family's traditional post of Congressman for the Second District of Ilocos Norte. Since then, Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Imee Marcos have run for numerous posts, alternatingly winning posts including the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the governorship of Ilocos Norte. Ferdinand Jr. became a Senator from 2010 to 2016, and ran for the post of Vice President during the 2016 Philippine National election, but narrowly lost to Leni Robredo. Mariano Marcos Mariano Marcos y Rubio\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8349671\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"the Second District of Ilocos Norte. Since then, Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Imee Marcos have run for numerous posts, alternatingly winning posts including the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the governorship of Ilocos Norte. Ferdinand Jr. became a Senator from 2010 to 2016, and ran for the post of Vice President during the 2016 Philippine National election, but narrowly lost to Leni Robredo. First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation First Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Marcos dynasty The political dynasty of the Marcos family\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20886223\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Comedy in the Philippines\",\n \"text\": \"political mainstream. A number of comedians became very popular for this, notably Willie Nepomuceno and Tessie Tomas, who were known for their comedic impersonations of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Nepomuceno would later reveal that he would regularly be approached by generals of the Armed Forces of the Philippines to stop impersonating Marcos \\\"\\\"dahil siya ang presidente\\\"\\\" (because he's the president) and he's supposed to be treated with respect. Nepumoceno says that he still did the impersonations because he felt that was the only way he was able to serve the country during the dictatorship. The ouster and eventual exile of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14744947\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of the Marcos dictatorship\",\n \"text\": \"Timeline of the Marcos dictatorship This timeline of the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines covers three periods of Philippine history in which Marcos wielded political control. First, it covers the period of Marcos' first two terms—1965 to 1969 and 1969 to 1972—under the 1935 Consititution, as well as the antecedent events which brought Marcos to political power. Second, it covers the period in which Proclamation 1081, which put the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law, was in force—from September 1972 to January 1981. Lastly, it covers the entirety of the period described as the \\\"Fourth Republic,\\\" where\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20723621\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos mansions\",\n \"text\": \"Marcos mansions The term “Marcos mansions” refers to at least fifty upscale residences which are considered part of the ill-gotten wealth of the family of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. Along with the Marcos jewels, art collection, and shoe hoard, the Marcos Mansions are frequently cited to illustrate the Marcos family’s wanton spending during the dictatorship. Because the estimated cost of these mansions is much more than the income recorded in Marcos’ sworn statement of assets and liabilities (SALN), the number, size, and opulence of these mansions is interpreted by the Philippine government as prima facie evidence that the Marcoses\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20703591\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imee Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Force Base at the expense of the US Government. A month later, they moved into a pair of residences in Makiki Heights, Honolulu, which were registered to Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. Marcos would eventually die in exile in 1989. President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the Marcoses, including Imee, to return to the Philippines in order to face various charges. News reports from the period record that Marcos supporters organized crowd from Manila's slums to welcome the Marcoses on their return. Twelve years after her family's exile, Marcos returned to the world of politics. She ran as Congresswoman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2920069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos mansions\",\n \"text\": \"the summer residence of the Philippine head of state. Four of these houses occupy roughly five hectares of land on Outlook Drive, just across the Mansion house, and were each designated to a member of the Marcos Family - the \\\"Wigwam House Compound\\\" for Bongbong Marcos, the \\\"Fairmont House Compound for Imee Marcos, the \\\"Hans Menzi House compound\\\" for Irene Marcos, and a fourth house for Ferdinand Marcos' mother Doña Josefa Edralin Marcos. Located on the same road is a two story house called the \\\"Lualhati residence\\\", whose title was held by Marcos crony Jose Y. Campos on behalf of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20703594\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mariano Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"that same province from 1983-1986. Secondborn Imee Marcos to become chairman of the Kabataang Barangay from 1975 to 1986. Although the Marcos family was removed from power by civilian protests during the 1986 People Power Revolution, President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the members of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the death of Ferdinand Marcos, supposedly so that they could face various corruption charges. Within a year of arriving, Imelda Marcos was running for president in the 1992 Philippine Presidential election, finishing 5th out of 7 candidates. In that same yar Marcos Jr. ran in a much\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8349670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\",\n \"text\": \"Where Did Your Heart Go? \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \\\"Wheel Me Out\\\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \\\"Was (Not Was)\\\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \\\"It's an Attack!\\\" as the B-side. A live recording of \\\"Where Did Your Heart Go?\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11903014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bongbong Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"the EDSA revolution. Since he had reached the age of majority and were \\\"already adults during the height of the martial law regime\\\", government investigators and critics alike consider him, in the words of Congressman Edcel Lagman, \\\"old enough when the documented atrocities and plunder were committed by the conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos\\\". Marcos is generally considered to have benefitted from the Marcos family's unexplained wealth. Aside from the tuition, USD 10,000.00 monthly allowance, and the estates used by Marcos Jr. and Imee Marcos during their respective studies at Wharton and Princeton, each of the Marcos children\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2918980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Marcos' body\\\". Manila Archbishop Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle remained silent on the burial and instead chose to offer prayers for the Marcos family and the Filipinos. The late Leopoldo S. Tumulak of the Military Ordinariate of the Philippines echoed the same sentiments of Arguelles. A poll conducted by the Social Weather Stations (SWS) in March 2011 showed that opinion is split. The same trend appears in a follow up poll by SWS in February 2016. However validated voters instead of just anyone who is 18 years and above as done in the 2011 poll, where queried for the 2016 poll.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681990\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Burial of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"of Marcos at the site would commence the \\\"healing\\\" of the Philippines and pointed out Marcos' idealism and vision for the country through his projects which \\\"stood the test of time\\\" and that Marcos' dictatorship \\\"remains to be debated\\\". Duterte previously stated that Marcos could have been the best president if not for the abuses during the Martial law period under Marcos' watch. At the Visayas leg of the PiliPinas Debates 2016, Duterte and fellow candidate Jejomar Binay expressed their support for a Marcos burial at the heroes' cemetery. On August 7, 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte gave the order to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19681975\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"presidential campaign funds, and it was in his Davao estate where Marcos launched his 1969 presidential campaign in southern Philippines. Under the Marcos administration, Floirendo’s company Tagum Agricultural Development Company, Inc. (TADECO) leased 6,000 hectares of prime, fertile, government land and employed prison labor from the neighboring prisons. This project was formerly halted during the Macapagal Administration. It violated the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines and Philippine corporate law, which permitted only up to 1,024 land acquisition. Sen. Lorendo Tañada chaired a Blue Ribbon Committee investigation into the matter, which caused Floirendo to retreat the plan to wait for a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20728146\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imelda Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Beams, the two had an affair and she was moved into one of Ferdinand's safe houses, where she recorded their lovemaking with Ferdinand's full consent. These tapes were later played in a press conference, causing great humiliation for Imelda. Members of the Marcos Cabinet such as Cesar Virata and Gerardo Sicat recount that Imelda used the humiliation of the Dovie Beams affair as leverage to begin developing an independent political agenda which gave her more and more political power.} Initially, this meant that Imelda had free rein on her projects while Ferdinand prepared for the 1969 campaign,} but as Marcos'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2013778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military career of Ferdinand Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"of the Department of History of the University of the Philippines, Marcos's claims in his self-commissioned autobiography \\\"Marcos of the Philippines\\\" that Gen. Douglas MacArthur pinned on him the Distinguished Service Cross medal for delaying Japanese at Bataan for 3 months was highly improbable. John Sharkey of the \\\"Washington Post\\\" found records that Marcos was in the list of those that were released due to either \\\"having severe health problems and those whose families have cooperated with the Japanese military authorities.\\\" Since Marcos's name did not appear in the 1942 \\\"Manila Tribune\\\" list of ailing prisoners that were released by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20712588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos, Ilocos Norte\",\n \"text\": \"Marcos, Ilocos Norte ', officially the ', is a in the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. Marcos town was formerly a part of Dingras, Ilocos Norte, and the town was created in 1963 by Republic Act No. 3753, was named in honor of Mariano Marcos (April 21, 1897 – March 8, 1945) who was the father of the former president Ferdinand Marcos. Four barangays were named after Mariano Marcos' four children: Marcos is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. The small town of Marcos has seen multiple violent political attacks. On the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5344870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"Makiki Heights, Honolulu, which were registered to marcos cronies Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the members of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the death of Ferdinand Marcos, supposedly so that they could face various corruption charges. Within a year of returning to the Philippines, Imelda Marcos was running for president in the 1992 Philippine Presidential election, finishing 5th out of 7 candidates. In that same yar Marcos Jr. ran in a much smaller local election rather than a national race, easily regaining the family's traditional post of Congressman for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20886222\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Imee Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"November 2018, the Sandiganbayan anti-graft court found that illegal Swiss foundations were used to earn from investments and interests to benefit Imelda and Ferdinand Marcos and their beneficaries Imee Marcos, Bongbong Marcos, and Irene Marcos-Araneta. The Sandiganbayan's 5th Division convicted former Imelda Marcos for creating and maintaining seven private foundations in Switzerland while holding government positions from 1968 to 1986. The Imee and her siblings were named as beneficiaries of two of the illegal foundations: the Trinidad Foundation and the Xandy Foundation. She formerly belonged to the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, or KBL, the political party of her father. Subsequently, she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2920080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bongbong Marcos\",\n \"text\": \"Ferdinand Marcos Sr.'s term was extended by his 1972 declaration of Martial Law, Marcos Jr turned 18 – the Philippines' age of legal majority – with his father still president, in 1974. His godfathers included prominent Marcos cronies Eduardo \\\"Danding\\\" Cojuanco Jr., and pharmaceuticals magnate Jose Yao Campos. Although his career as a politician would formally begin at age 23 when he became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte, his father's political profile meant that the Marcos children, particularly Bongbong and his sister Imee, became an integral part of the Marcos propaganda machine. Bongbong was thrust into the national limelight as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2918970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"to 1984. Ferdinand's Sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon to become Governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971–1983. The Marcos couple's Firstborn, Imee Marcos, was appointed chairman of the Kabataang Barangay from 1975 to 1986, and was Assemblyman to the Batasang Pambansa for Ilocos Norte from 1984 to 1986. Secondborn Ferdinand Marcos Jr. become Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte from 1980 to 1983 and Governor of that same province from 1983-1986. As a result of the economic collapse brought about by the assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, the Marcos family was removed from power by civilian protests during the 1986 People Power Revolution.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20886220\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Marcos dynasty\",\n \"text\": \"as a Japanese collaborator, and executed through dismemberment using two carabaos. Because the Nalundasan murder trial resulting drew wide public attention in the years immediately prior to the war, Mariano's son Ferdinand was in an ideal political position to enter politics in the postwar years. Ferdinand Marcos' rise to power was dramatic. He served three terms in Mariano's own former position as the Philippine House of Representatives as the Congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte, from 1949 to 1959. Between 1959 and 1965, he served in the Philippine Senate, where he became Senate President until he won the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20886216\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["haiwii","the state of hawaii","mokuʻāina o hawaiʻi","mokuʻa-ina o hawaiʻi","demographics of hawaii","hawaiian culture","hawai'i resident","economy of hawaii","hawaii, united states","haiwaii","us-hi","owhyhee","transport in hawaii","hawii","hawaii, usa","50th state","hawai'i","hawai'i","haway","hawai%60i","hawaii (u.s. state)","state of hawaiʻi","hawái","languages of hawaii","hawaï","demographics of hawaiʻi","state of hawai%60i","hawwaii","hawai‘i","moku%60aina o hawai%60i","u.s. (hi)","hawaií","the aloha state","hawaii","culture of hawaii","geography of hawaii","hawai'i state","state of hawaii","health in hawaii","religion in hawaii","ハワイ","hawaiʻi","hawaii resident","moku%60a-ina o hawai%60i","howaii","fiftieth state","hawaii (state)","aloha state","education in hawaii","state of hawai'i"],"string":"[\n \"haiwii\",\n \"the state of hawaii\",\n \"mokuʻāina o hawaiʻi\",\n \"mokuʻa-ina o hawaiʻi\",\n \"demographics of hawaii\",\n \"hawaiian culture\",\n \"hawai'i resident\",\n \"economy of hawaii\",\n \"hawaii, united states\",\n \"haiwaii\",\n \"us-hi\",\n \"owhyhee\",\n \"transport in hawaii\",\n \"hawii\",\n \"hawaii, usa\",\n \"50th state\",\n \"hawai'i\",\n \"hawai'i\",\n \"haway\",\n \"hawai%60i\",\n \"hawaii (u.s. state)\",\n \"state of hawaiʻi\",\n \"hawái\",\n \"languages of hawaii\",\n \"hawaï\",\n \"demographics of hawaiʻi\",\n \"state of hawai%60i\",\n \"hawwaii\",\n \"hawai‘i\",\n \"moku%60aina o hawai%60i\",\n \"u.s. (hi)\",\n \"hawaií\",\n \"the aloha state\",\n \"hawaii\",\n \"culture of hawaii\",\n \"geography of hawaii\",\n \"hawai'i state\",\n \"state of hawaii\",\n \"health in hawaii\",\n \"religion in hawaii\",\n \"ハワイ\",\n \"hawaiʻi\",\n \"hawaii resident\",\n \"moku%60a-ina o hawai%60i\",\n \"howaii\",\n \"fiftieth state\",\n \"hawaii (state)\",\n \"aloha state\",\n \"education in hawaii\",\n \"state of hawai'i\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":592,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"un secretary dag hammarskjold was killed over which country?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site Memorial","text":"Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site Memorial The Dag Hammarskjöld Memorial Crash Site marks the place of the plane crash in which Dag Hammarskjöld, the second and then-sitting United Nations Secretary General was killed on 17 September 1961, while on a mission to the Léopoldville Congo Republic (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The site is located 10 km from Ndola, in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. The Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site was declared a national monument under notice number 14 of 1970 as a historical landmark. In 1964 the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Committee was formed to ensure that the memory","psg_id":"13071288"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site Memorial\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site Memorial The Dag Hammarskjöld Memorial Crash Site marks the place of the plane crash in which Dag Hammarskjöld, the second and then-sitting United Nations Secretary General was killed on 17 September 1961, while on a mission to the Léopoldville Congo Republic (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The site is located 10 km from Ndola, in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. The Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site was declared a national monument under notice number 14 of 1970 as a historical landmark. In 1964 the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Committee was formed to ensure that the memory\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13071288\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Hammarskjold High School","text":"Hammarskjold High School Hammarskjold High School is a public high school located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, with an enrollment of roughly 800 students. It is named after Swedish diplomat Dag Hammarskjöld. The principal of Hammarskjold High School is Derek DiBlasio and the vice-principal is Donna Flasza. Hammarskjold High School was constructed in 1962 in response to rapidly increasing enrollment at the former City of Port Arthur's other public high schools (Port Arthur Collegiate Institute, Hillcrest High School, and Lakeview High School). The school was given its name through a student referendum. Hammarskjold accepted students in fall 1962 with only","psg_id":"6428752"},{"title":"Hammarskjold High School","text":"of the city's most successful football programs, recently winning the 2008 SSSAA Football Championship Hammarskjold High School Hammarskjold High School is a public high school located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, with an enrollment of roughly 800 students. It is named after Swedish diplomat Dag Hammarskjöld. The principal of Hammarskjold High School is Derek DiBlasio and the vice-principal is Donna Flasza. Hammarskjold High School was constructed in 1962 in response to rapidly increasing enrollment at the former City of Port Arthur's other public high schools (Port Arthur Collegiate Institute, Hillcrest High School, and Lakeview High School). The school was given","psg_id":"6428754"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal","text":"medals each month for the UN peacekeepers who had been killed between 1948 and 2001. Since 2001, there have been an annual medal ceremony for those who were killed in UN peacekeeping operations the previous year. The ceremony is held on 29 May, which is the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. In 2009, the medal was awarded to each of the 132 UN peacekeepers who were killed in 2008. Dag Hammarskjöld Medal The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous award given by the United Nations (UN) to military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in","psg_id":"14088168"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal","text":"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous award given by the United Nations (UN) to military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in a United Nations peacekeeping operation. The medal is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations, who died in a plane crash in what is now Zambia in September 1961. On 22 July 1997, during its 3802nd meeting, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1121, in which it established the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the resolution, the Security Council also requested that the UN Secretary-General","psg_id":"14088165"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld Library","text":"to the general public. However, it does provide access to much UN-related information by developing freely accessible online resources and services, and via UN depository libraries worldwide. The library has created a number of research tools and services to ease the access to United Nations Documents: Dag Hammarskjöld Library The Dag Hammarskjöld Library is part of the United Nations headquarters and is connected to the Secretariat and conference buildings through ground level and underground corridors. It is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Library has specialized in two major areas. Firstly, it is the","psg_id":"8392391"},{"title":"Dag efter dag","text":"time. Chips also recorded the song with lyrics in English, Day after Day. In 1982, \"Dag efter dag\" was also released as a single. The single as best reached the 4th place at the Swedish singles chart and 5th place at the Norwegian singles chart. A Huu - A Heijaa (Dag Efter Dag) Dag efter dag \"Dag efter dag\" (\"Day after day\") is a song in Swedish, with melody by Lasse Holm and text by Monica Forsberg. The pop and country group Chips won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song, which was sung by Kikki Danielsson and Elisabeth Andreassen.","psg_id":"7871225"},{"title":"Origins of the Six-Day War","text":"the war itself 15 members of the remaining force were killed and the rest evacuated through Israel. Before UNEF could be deployed in 1956 negotiations were necessary with the compliant host country, Egypt, Israel having refused to host the peacekeepers. Rostow is of a contrary opinion that \"Egyptian commitments of the period were broken one by one, the last being the request for the removal of U.N.E.F.\" In another publication Rostow adds detail: \"One of the most important terms of the agreement was set out in an aide memoire by Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold: if Egypt ever tried unilaterally to remove","psg_id":"15394575"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld","text":"which he had never shown any indication of before. The U.N. General Assembly voted 57-1-1 on 7 April 1953 to appoint Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskjöld was sworn in as Secretary-General on 10 April 1953. He was unanimously reelected on 26 September 1957 for another term, taking effect on 10 April 1958. Immediately following the assumption of the Secretariat, Hammarskjöld attempted to establish a good rapport with his staff. He made a point in going to every UN department to shake hands with as many workers as possible, eating in the cafeteria as often as possible,","psg_id":"1789601"},{"title":"Dag efter dag","text":"Dag efter dag \"Dag efter dag\" (\"Day after day\") is a song in Swedish, with melody by Lasse Holm and text by Monica Forsberg. The pop and country group Chips won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song, which was sung by Kikki Danielsson and Elisabeth Andreassen. Chips finished eighth in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song. On April 18, 1982, the song reached the first place at Svensktoppen; where it stayed for nine rounds. *On June 13, 1982, the song was the last song to be number one at Svensktoppen, before the program was removed the first","psg_id":"7871224"},{"title":"John Hendra","text":"the 2017-2018 season. John Hendra has published over 20 articles and op-eds including most recently a \"theory of change\" for making the UN development system fit to support the 2030 Agenda; opening up national budgets for more accountable SDG financing; women’s rights and the 2030 Agenda; UN reform and \"Delivering as One\"; and the role of men and boys in achieving gender equality in such publications as Columbia University Journal of International Affairs, Dag Hammarskjold Foundation Development Dialogue Papers and the UN University’s Centre for Policy Research Papers. John Hendra was awarded the Three Star Order of Latvia in 1997","psg_id":"16367186"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal","text":"to the next of kin of the deceased recipient. The medal is egg-shaped and made of clear lead free glass, engraved with the name and date of death of the recipient, the United Nations logo, and the inscription “The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the Service of Peace”, in English and French. On 6 October 1998, the first three Dag Hammarskjöld Medals were awarded to Hammarskjöld himself, René de Labarrière (killed by a land mine in Palestine in July 1948), and Folke Bernadotte (assassinated in Jerusalem by Jewish extremists in September 1948). Beginning in 2001, the UN began awarding dozens of","psg_id":"14088167"},{"title":"George Whalley","text":"to Dag Hammarskjold, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations who died in 1961. His most noted radio dramatizations are \"If This is a Man\" (1965), a 140-minute adaptation of Stuart Woolf's translation of Primo Levi's \"Se questo e un uomo\", and \"Let Us Now Praise Famous Men\" (1966), a 135- minute adaptation of James Agee's book of the same title. John Reeves, the CBC producer of Whalley's adaptations of Levi and Agee, has written about the radio productions. Whalley made a major contribution to broadcasting in Canada, and his works were repeatedly nominated for the Italia Prize for radio.","psg_id":"15809996"},{"title":"Yanar Dag","text":"Yanar Dag Yanar Dag (, meaning \"burning mountain\") is a natural gas fire which blazes continuously on a hillside on the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian Sea near Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan (a country which itself is known as \"the Land of Fire\"). Flames jet into the air from a thin, porous sandstone layer. Administratively, Yanar Dag belongs to Absheron District of Azerbaijan. Unlike mud volcanoes, the Yanar Dag flame burns fairly steadily, as it involves a steady seep of gas from the subsurface. It is claimed that the Yanar Dag flame was only noted when accidentally lit by","psg_id":"7716231"},{"title":"Business International Corporation","text":"International\") and a group of key corporate clients. Offices were established overseas, including major regional operations based out of Geneva (Europe), Vienna (East Europe and the USSR) and Hong Kong (Asia-Pacific), and single-country offices (e.g., Rome, Tokyo). BI eventually became the premier information source on global business with research, advisory functions, conferences and government roundtables in addition to its publications. It was headquartered in New York City, at One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, near the UN, with major offices in Geneva, London, Vienna, Hong Kong and Tokyo, and a network of correspondents across the globe. In his book \"The Strawberry Statement\",","psg_id":"7503746"},{"title":"Dag Halvor Nylander","text":"country as a delegate to the United Nations from 2001 to 2004 and at Norway’s Embassy in Buenos Aires from 1999 to 2001. Dag Halvor Nylander Dag Halvor Nylander is a Norwegian diplomat, who formerly served as the Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. He was appointed to this position on 27 February 2017. Nylander is a graduate of the University of Oslo with a degree in law. A career diplomat, he has represented his government in various capacities. From 2012 to 2016, he was Norway’s Special","psg_id":"20022438"},{"title":"Hammarskjold High School","text":"the two story classroom wing completed. The first student assembly at Christmas had male students sitting on the gym floor while the girls sat on the steel chairs, as the bleachers were not completed yet. The official opening was on May 22, 1963. Hammarskjold High School has undergone numerous renovations and expansions throughout its history. The most recent expansion saw the addition of a library and music room in the school's former technology wing. Several technology classrooms have been converted to academic classrooms along with the school's increasing emphasis on academics over vocations. In terms of athletics they have one","psg_id":"6428753"},{"title":"Origins of the Six-Day War","text":"(UN expert on Middle East diplomacy) fully adhered to the secretary-general's position that Egypt had a sovereign right to dismiss UNEF’, however imprudent that decision might be.\" Further contrary to Rostow's position, the Secretary-General in 1967, U Thant, specifically addressed the Hammarskjold memoire during the build-up of tension, declaring that the 1957 memorandum by the late Secretary-General, which had interpreted the agreement on UNEF between the United Nations and Egypt as meaning that an Egyptian request for UNEF withdrawal would have to be referred to the General Assembly, was “a purely private” understanding by Mr. Hammarskjold and not binding either","psg_id":"15394577"},{"title":"1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection","text":"1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1961 to replace Dag Hammarskjöld after he was killed in a plane crash. After initial Soviet attempts to replace the Secretary-General with a troika, it was agreed that an Acting Secretary-General would be appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Within two weeks, U Thant of Burma emerged as the only candidate who was acceptable to both the Soviet Union and the United States. However, the superpowers spent another four weeks arguing over the number of Assistant Secretaries-General, before finally resolving their dispute by allowing Thant to","psg_id":"20533570"},{"title":"Dag the Wise","text":"Dag the Wise Dag the Wise or Dagr Spaka was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings (dated to the 4th century by 16th-century historiographer Johannes Magnus). He was the son of Dyggvi, the former king. According to legend, he could understand the speech of birds and had a sparrow that gathered news for him from many lands. When the bird was killed on one of these trips, Dag invaded Reidgotaland (considering the date and location, apparently Gothiscandza), in order to avenge it. There he was ambushed by a thrall and killed. The earliest two versions based on","psg_id":"3579094"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld","text":"nomination \"came as a complete surprise to everyone here and we started scrambling around to find out who Mr. Hammarskjold was and what his qualifications were.\" The State Department authorized Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., the US Ambassador, to vote in favor after he told them that Hammarskjöld \"may be as good as we can get.\" The superpowers hoped to seat a Secretary-General who would focus on administrative issues and refrain from participating in political discussion. Hammarskjöld's reputation at the time was, in the words of biographer Emery Kelèn, \"that of a brilliant economist, an unobtrusive technician, and an aristro-bureaucrat\". As","psg_id":"1789598"},{"title":"DAG (band)","text":"DAG (band) DAG was a funk band from Raleigh, North Carolina which formed in 1989 and disbanded in 1999. The band of singer and bassist Bobby Patterson, guitarist Brian Dennis, drummer Kenny Soule (from rock bands Nantucket and PKM) and keyboardist Doug Jervey had already earned many loyal listeners around their hometown over the next few years with their uncommonly 1970s wild funk persona; and with the help of Grammy nominee and local record producer John Custer (who also developed Cry Of Love and produced several Corrosion of Conformity albums), DAG gained the attention of some major record labels. DAG","psg_id":"10140639"},{"title":"Dag för Dag","text":"of that year, recording in April and May, and then touring through the rest of the year. Dag för Dag Dag för Dag is a Swedish-American brother and sister duo based in Stockholm. The band's core members are Sarah and Jacob Snavely. Formed in 2007, they are supported both on stage and in the studio by a drummer. Their first tour was with friends Shout Out Louds in January 2008 and since then they have supported The Kills, Wolf Parade, Lykke Li, Handsome Furs, Wintersleep and Cursive. The band's name, Dag för Dag, is Swedish for \"day by day\". Originally","psg_id":"13427468"},{"title":"Dag för Dag","text":"Dag för Dag Dag för Dag is a Swedish-American brother and sister duo based in Stockholm. The band's core members are Sarah and Jacob Snavely. Formed in 2007, they are supported both on stage and in the studio by a drummer. Their first tour was with friends Shout Out Louds in January 2008 and since then they have supported The Kills, Wolf Parade, Lykke Li, Handsome Furs, Wintersleep and Cursive. The band's name, Dag för Dag, is Swedish for \"day by day\". Originally taken from a language-learning tape the two stumbled across, the name has come to aptly describe the","psg_id":"13427466"},{"title":"Mot Dag","text":"members Mot Dag were leaders in Norwegian politics and culture. Norway's first three post-war Prime Ministers Einar Gerhardsen, Oscar Torp, and John Lyng were all at one point in time part of Mot Dag. In addition were Gro Harlem Brundtland's father, Secretary of Defense Gudmund Harlem; the Labor Party's longstanding secretary Haakon Lie, Oslo's longstanding mayor Brynjulf Bull, and future West German chancellor Willy Brandt. Many well-known authors, intellectuals, and future leading politicians and officials were also members. Of note were filmmaker Olav Dalgard; the authors Helge Krog, Odd Eidem, Sigurd Hoel, Arnulf Øverland, Nic Waal and Inger Hagerup --","psg_id":"9766707"},{"title":"Dag Terje Andersen","text":"before he became State Secretary at the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1992. He was a party secretary for the Norwegian Labour Party from 1992 until 1996. In 1996 he became Minister of Agriculture, remaining in that post for slightly less than a year. Andersen later became Minister of Trade and Industry on 29 September 2006, when Odd Eriksen resigned. From 2009 to 2013, Andersen served as President of the Storting. Dag Terje Andersen Dag Terje Andersen (born 27 May 1957 in Frogn, Akershus) is a Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party. In addition to professional politics he has","psg_id":"8452717"},{"title":"Dag the Wise","text":"and in \"Historia Norwegiæ\"'s earlier summary of \"Ynglingatal\" but not in Snorri's later quotation from it, suggests that all of \"Ynglingatal\" was not presented by him. Dag the Wise Dag the Wise or Dagr Spaka was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings (dated to the 4th century by 16th-century historiographer Johannes Magnus). He was the son of Dyggvi, the former king. According to legend, he could understand the speech of birds and had a sparrow that gathered news for him from many lands. When the bird was killed on one of these trips, Dag invaded Reidgotaland (considering","psg_id":"3579096"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld invert","text":"Dag Hammarskjöld invert The Dag Hammarskjöld invert is a 4 cent value postage stamp error issued on 23 October 1962 by the United States Postal Service (then known as the Post Office Department) one year after the death of Dag Hammarskjöld, Secretary-General of the United Nations, in an airplane crash. The stamp, showing the yellow background inverted relative to the image and text, is also known as the Day's Folly after Postmaster General J. Edward Day who ordered the intentional reprinting of the yellow invert commenting, \"The Post Office Department is not running a jackpot operation.\" The stamp reprint was","psg_id":"8851040"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld Library","text":"Dag Hammarskjöld Library The Dag Hammarskjöld Library is part of the United Nations headquarters and is connected to the Secretariat and conference buildings through ground level and underground corridors. It is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Library has specialized in two major areas. Firstly, it is the main depository for United Nations documents and publications and maintains a selected collection of materials of the specialized agencies and United Nations affiliated bodies. Secondly, the Library collects books, periodicals and other materials related to the organization's programs of activities. The Library was founded along with","psg_id":"8392386"},{"title":"1929 Kopet Dag earthquake","text":"1929 Kopet Dag earthquake The 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake (also called the 1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake) took place at 15:37 UTC on 1 May with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). It occurred in the Kopet Dag area of Iran and caused up to 3,800 casualties along the Turkmenistan-Iran border. More than 1,100 were injured. Within the epicentral area, 3,250 people were killed. Eighty-eight villages in the region were damaged or destroyed, along with damage at Bojnourd. Aftershocks occurred for more than four years after, including one in July 1929 that killed several","psg_id":"12946013"},{"title":"Dag Bergman","text":"1944 before he became an attaché at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1945. He was first secretary in Athens in 1963, embassy counsellor in 1970 (acting in 1965) and ambassador from 1972 to 1973. Bergman was then consul general in Hong Kong from 1973 to 1980. Bergman was from the 1960s seriously ill, paralyzed by polio and wheelchair bound. He died in Athens in 1984. Dag Bergman Dag Erik Bergman (23 October 1914 – 10 December 1984), was a Swedish diplomat. Bergman was the son of the parish minister Erik Bergman and Karin Bergman, née Åkerblom, and the older","psg_id":"18847665"},{"title":"Dag Berggrav","text":"permanent under-secretary of state in the Office of the Prime Minister. Following his semi-retirement in 1992, Berggrav continued as an advisor for many years. He also chaired the from 1974 to 1992. Berggrav was an active ski jumper in the years 1931 to 1956. From 1964 to 1970 he was the president of the Norwegian Skiing Federation, and from 1965 to 1970 he was a member of the Norwegian Olympic Committee. From 1979 to 1983 he was the vice president of the International Ski Federation. He represented the clubs Frigg and Heming in Oslo. Dag Berggrav Dag Berggrav (17 May","psg_id":"12972896"},{"title":"Dag Berggrav","text":"Germany, he was held prisoner at Akershus Fortress from 20 December 1944 to the war's end in 1945. His father being a bishop, Dag Berggrav was a devout Lutheran as well. In 1950 Dag Berggrav graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.jur. degree. After studying international law in England for one year, Berggrav was hired as a deputy judge in Oslo. He was then a secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1951 to 1962, except for the years 1952 to 1954, when he worked in the Numedal district, first as deputy judge, then as","psg_id":"12972894"},{"title":"Dag Heward-Mills","text":"Dag in his vision to win souls, plant churches and raise leaders. She speaks in women’s and young peoples’ conferences all over the world. Adelaide Heward-Mills has been involved in Christian ministry all of her adult life and has served alongside her husband, Bishop Dag Heward-Mills, throughout their entire marriage. As an insightful speaker, she draws heavily from her education and background in law. In addition to raising two sons and two daughters, she serves as Executive Director of the Daughter You Can Make it Ministry. She also speaks across the country on women’s roles in supporting their husbands, and","psg_id":"14975718"},{"title":"Dag og Tid","text":"Dag og Tid Dag og Tid () is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased significantly, nearly doubling over the last two decades. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. The paper is published weekly. Its headquarters is located in Oslo. \"Dag og Tid\" is politically independent but editorially radical. It focuses on culture and politics. It is owned by various persons and groups. The current editor is Svein Gjerdåker. In the 2010s, \"Dag","psg_id":"8478412"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld","text":"Japanese poet Basho in his \"Narrow Roads to the Deep North\". In his foreword to \"Markings\", the English poet W. H. Auden quotes Hammarskjöld as stating: In our age, the road to holiness necessarily passes through the world of action. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America commemorates the life of Hammarskjöld as a renewer of society, on the anniversary of his death, 18 September. Dag Hammarskjöld Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld (; ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskjöld was the youngest","psg_id":"1789613"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld","text":"secretaries-general of the United Nations, and his appointment has been mentioned as the most notable success for the UN. United States President John F. Kennedy called Hammarskjöld \"the greatest statesman of our century.\" Dag Hammarskjöld was born in Jönköping to the noble family Hammarskjöld (also spelled \"Hammarskiöld\" or \"Hammarsköld\"). He spent most of his childhood in Uppsala. His home there, which he considered his childhood home, was Uppsala Castle. He was the fourth and youngest son of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917, and Agnes Hammarskjöld (née Almquist). Hammarskjöld's family was ennobled in 1610 due to","psg_id":"1789592"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld","text":"near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Hammarskjöld and 15 others perished in the crash, the circumstances of which are still unclear. There is some evidence that suggests the plane was shot down. Hammarskjöld's death set off a succession crisis at the United Nations, as there was no line of succession and the Security Council had to vote on a successor. Göran Björkdahl (a Swedish aid worker) wrote in 2011 that he believed Dag Hammarskjöld's death was a murder committed, in part, to benefit mining companies like Union Minière, after Hammarskjöld had made the UN intervene in the Katanga crisis. Björkdahl","psg_id":"1789605"},{"title":"Efter endnu en dag","text":"engineered by Freddy Hansson and recorded in Sweet Silence Studio in Copenhagen and Trente Mølle in Funen. From this album \"Sirenesangen\" / \"De gule enker\" and \"Pas på svinget i solrød\" / \"Bella Donna\" were released as singles. \"Efter endnu en dag\" was released on CD in 1987 with \"Gas 5\" but due to lack of space, \"Mama Cucu\", \"Twilight Birds\", and \"Stenalderjazz\" were omitted. In 1991 it was remastered for CD and it is also included on \"The Black Box\" (2003). \"Efter endnu en dag\" was released in Spain as \"Al cerrarse un nuevo dia\" with song titles in","psg_id":"8542906"},{"title":"Dag Ringsson","text":"the peasant army soon overwhelmed the remnants of the king's men. Dag and his followers fled back to Sweden. Mention of Dag Ringsson did not appear after this point. Dag Ringsson Dag Ringsson was a Norwegian chieftain from Oppland who participated in the Battle of Stiklestad during 1030 which resulted in the death of King Olaf II of Norway According to Snorri Sturluson, Dag Ringsson was a descendant of Harald Fairhair. His family had settled in Sweden, where Dag was a nobleman at the service of Swedish King Anund Jacob. In 1026, King Olaf II of Norway and King Anund","psg_id":"5983875"},{"title":"Origins of the Six-Day War","text":"the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the Sinai, or to close the Straits of Tiran, the Secretary-General would call the Security Council into session immediately and block such initiatives until a peaceful resolution of the conflict could be reached.\" Oren, however, confirms Egypt's right as follows: \"That (UNEF) presence, however, hung on a legal fiction. The \"good-faith agreement\" forged by Dag Hammarskjold in 1957, according to which Egypt would consult with the General Assembly and the UNEF Advisory Council before altering the force's mandate, was in no way binding. The Egyptians could, in fact, dismiss UNEF whenever they chose. Bunche","psg_id":"15394576"},{"title":"U Thant funeral crisis","text":"sources, thousands of protesters were arrested and at least eighteen died, but unofficial figures are much higher. Before holding the role of UN Secretary-General from 1961 to 1971, Thant was a civil servant under the administration of U Nu, the first prime minister of Burma. As the Secretary of Projects for the Prime Minister's office, Thant accompanied Nu on several official trips overseas. Thant also represented Burma at the 1952 UN General Assembly and the 1955 Bandung Conference in Indonesia. In 1957, he became Burma's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. When Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld was killed in a plane","psg_id":"17816180"},{"title":"Dag Hammarskjöld Library","text":"and prohibits the growth of the Library to that level which would seem commensurate with the fulfilment of its purposes.\" In 1959, the Ford Foundation gave a grant of $6.2 million to the United Nations for the construction of a new Library building which would be \"of the highest quality, aesthetically designed, furnished, and equipped in conformity with the most modern library standards.\" In recognition of their generous donation, the General Assembly instructed the Secretary-General to place a memorial stone at the entrance of the library inscribed with \"Gift of the Ford Foundation.\" Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld was instrumental in securing","psg_id":"8392389"},{"title":"Ny Dag","text":"lengthy, and for a Communist Party publication remarkably harsh, debate erupted in the pages of \"Ny Dag\", in which critics held the party leadership personally accountable for the electoral defeat. \"Ny Dag\" became a twice-weekly newspaper in 1965. In 1970, it had a circulation of around 15,000. \"Ny Dag\" was printed at Västermalms Tryckeri AB, on Kungsholmen in Stockholm. Hugo Sillén edited \"Ny Dag\" between 1931 and 1934. Around 1940, Gustav Johansson was the editor of the newspaper. Hilding Hagberg, also the party chairman, was the political editor of \"Ny Dag\" 1943 to 1964, whilst C.-H. Hermansson served as the","psg_id":"14706867"},{"title":"1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection","text":"ballot in 1971, and he stepped down when his last term in office ran out on 31 December 1971. Concerns about his health proved well-founded, as Thant died of cancer on 25 November 1974. 1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1961 to replace Dag Hammarskjöld after he was killed in a plane crash. After initial Soviet attempts to replace the Secretary-General with a troika, it was agreed that an Acting Secretary-General would be appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Within two weeks, U Thant of Burma emerged as the only candidate who","psg_id":"20533587"},{"title":"Dag og Tid","text":"og Tid\" was one of few Norwegian print newspapers with a substantial increase of readers. Its circulation in 2015 was 10,948, up from 7,228 copies in 2008. Numbers from the Norwegian Media Businesses' Association, Mediebedriftenes Landsforening. Dag og Tid Dag og Tid () is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased significantly, nearly doubling over the last two decades. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. The paper is published weekly. Its headquarters is","psg_id":"8478413"},{"title":"Dag Halvor Nylander","text":"Dag Halvor Nylander Dag Halvor Nylander is a Norwegian diplomat, who formerly served as the Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. He was appointed to this position on 27 February 2017. Nylander is a graduate of the University of Oslo with a degree in law. A career diplomat, he has represented his government in various capacities. From 2012 to 2016, he was Norway’s Special Envoy to the Colombia peace process and also served as Head of Norway’s Mission in Bogota from 2006 to 2008. He represented his","psg_id":"20022437"},{"title":"Dag Ramsøy Bryn","text":"the design of Norwegian foreign and security policy. He served as state secretary in the Ministry of Defence from 1947 to 1950, in Gerhardsen's Second Cabinet, and in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1954 to 1958, in the cabinets of Oscar Torp and Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet. After this, he served as Norwegian ambassador to various foreign capitals including Bonn (1954 to 1957) and Belgrade (1958-1963). Bryn died at Tvedestrand during 1991 and was buried in Vestre Gravlund. Dag Ramsøy Bryn Dag Ramsøy Bryn (17 March 1909 – 11 April 1991) was a Norwegian diplomat and politician for the Labour","psg_id":"12480676"},{"title":"Dag Henrik Sandbakken","text":"He was hired in the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities. Dag Henrik Sandbakken Dag Henrik Sandbakken (born 17 August 1957) is a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hedmark during the 2005–2009 term. When Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet assumed office following the 2005 elections, Sandbakken was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. He resigned in February 2013. On the local level, Sandbakken served as mayor of Tynset municipality from 1999 to 2005. He worked as a farmer, and in","psg_id":"11081262"},{"title":"Dag Henrik Sandbakken","text":"Dag Henrik Sandbakken Dag Henrik Sandbakken (born 17 August 1957) is a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hedmark during the 2005–2009 term. When Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet assumed office following the 2005 elections, Sandbakken was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. He resigned in February 2013. On the local level, Sandbakken served as mayor of Tynset municipality from 1999 to 2005. He worked as a farmer, and in addition to his agronomist education he was educated at Hedmark University College.","psg_id":"11081261"},{"title":"World Academy of Art and Science","text":"a seven-member Executive Committee. The four principal officers are: Heitor Gurgulino de Souza, President – formerly Secretary General of International Association of University Presidents and Rector of United Nations University. Garry Jacobs, Chief Executive Officer – Vice President of the Mother’s Service Society, formerly Chairman of the Board of the World Academy and Member Secretary of the International Commission on Peace & Food. Winston Nagan, Chairman of the Board – Professor of Law at University of Florida and former Chairman of Amnesty International (USA). Ivo Šlaus, Honorary President – Dean of Dag Hammarskjold University College of International Relations (Zagreb) and","psg_id":"9481722"},{"title":"DAG (band)","text":"(Prêt-à-Porter)\". Additionally, a live in-studio version of 'Lovely Jane' was included on the CD \"The Best Of The Columbia Records Radio Hour, Vol. 2\" along with tracks by such artists as The Dave Matthews Band and James Taylor. DAG (band) DAG was a funk band from Raleigh, North Carolina which formed in 1989 and disbanded in 1999. The band of singer and bassist Bobby Patterson, guitarist Brian Dennis, drummer Kenny Soule (from rock bands Nantucket and PKM) and keyboardist Doug Jervey had already earned many loyal listeners around their hometown over the next few years with their uncommonly 1970s wild","psg_id":"10140641"},{"title":"History of Katanga","text":"facilitating several rounds of political negotiations. In June, Tshombe signed a pledge to reunite Katanga with rest of the country, however by August it was clear he had no intention of implementing this agreement. In August and September, the UN conducted two operations to arrest and repatriate the mercenaries and political advisors by force. The second operation was resisted by the Katangese gendarmerie and resulted in casualties on both sides. Peace negotiations ensued, in the course of which, UN secretary-general Dag Hammarskjöld died in uncertain circumstances in a plane crash near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Under UN pressure, Tshombe","psg_id":"12013229"},{"title":"Dag Kavlie","text":"Norway Fulbright Foundation for Educational Exchange. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. Kavlie resides in Vestre Aker, Oslo. His hobbies include horticulture, cycling and cross-country skiing. He participates regularly in the Birkebeinerrennet ski race. Dag Kavlie Dag Kavlie (born 14 April 1939) is a Norwegian shipping engineer. He was a professor and rector (1984–1990) at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and later worked for the Research Council of Norway. He was born in Oslo, and took the siv.ing. degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1963. He then spent a year as a conscript","psg_id":"13231328"},{"title":"DAG (newspaper)","text":"DAG (newspaper) Dag (; ), stylized as DAG, was a freely distributed Dutch-language tabloid newspaper in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2008. It was released jointly by publishing company PCM and telecommunications company KPN. Bob Witman was the editor-in-chief. The first edition of \"Dag\" was published on 8 May 2007 with a circulation of 300,000 copies, accompanied with the launch of the website. It competed with long-time free newspapers \"Metro\" and \"Spits\", as well as \"De Pers\" which had started on 23 January of that year. The paper and the website were noted for its clear layout, its extensive use","psg_id":"11695577"},{"title":"Dag Ringsson","text":"Dag Ringsson Dag Ringsson was a Norwegian chieftain from Oppland who participated in the Battle of Stiklestad during 1030 which resulted in the death of King Olaf II of Norway According to Snorri Sturluson, Dag Ringsson was a descendant of Harald Fairhair. His family had settled in Sweden, where Dag was a nobleman at the service of Swedish King Anund Jacob. In 1026, King Olaf II of Norway and King Anund Jacob had lost the Battle of the Helgeå. This left King Cnut the Great of Denmark as the dominant leader in Scandinavia. By 1029 the Norwegian nobles, seething with","psg_id":"5983873"},{"title":"Ny Dag","text":"Ny Dag Ny Dag ('New Day') was a Swedish communist newspaper and the main publication of the Communist Party of Sweden (later renamed 'Left Party – Communists') from 2 January 1930 to 5 August 1990, when publication stopped. \"Ny Dag\" was started in 1930 by the branch of the Communist Party that had selected to remain faithful to Comintern in the big party split of 1929, in order to replace \"Folkets Dagblad Politiken\", which had been the party's main publication since 1917, but had selected to join the \"Kilbom rebels\" in the 1929 split. \"Ny Dag\" was one of six","psg_id":"14706865"},{"title":"1929 Kopet Dag earthquake","text":"more people, before finally subsiding in 1933. Fifty-seven diverse locations reported damage, including casualties in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Surface faulting occurred along the Baghan-Germab fault for a length of . 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake The 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake (also called the 1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake) took place at 15:37 UTC on 1 May with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). It occurred in the Kopet Dag area of Iran and caused up to 3,800 casualties along the Turkmenistan-Iran border. More than 1,100 were injured. Within the epicentral area, 3,250 people were killed. Eighty-eight","psg_id":"12946014"},{"title":"Dag Lövaas","text":"team and the promoters Danny Dunton and Robert Dugard to become the White City Rebels in 1976. Dag had been keen to ride at Oxford, a track he loved and was disappointed at the move to the London stadium in 1976. On deciding not to return to England in 1977, White City were granted a 'Dag Lovaas (Rider Replacement)' facility for the entire season, in which they ended up as champions. Dag Lövaas Dag Lövaas (born 25 February 1953 in Holmestrand, Norway) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider, who reached the finals of the Speedway World Championship in 1974.","psg_id":"12501463"},{"title":"Ayu-Dag","text":"is a Nature reserve (5.5 km). There is a pioneer children's camp Artek near Ayu-Dag (Medved' Mountain) which is well known internationally. The eastern slopes of Ayu-Dag lead to an ancient settlement Partenit. Remains of an early-medieval settlement and a number of churches were discovered here. In the 9th-10th centuries it was a well-known seaport, bound with cities of the Byzantine Empire. The western slopes lead to Artek. Ayu-Dag Ayu-Dag (, , , (\"Aya\" - \"Holy\")) is a summit of Crimea. It is also known under the Russified name \"Medved'-gora (Bear mountain)\" (, ). The summit is located 16 km","psg_id":"10826641"},{"title":"Dag (subculture)","text":"and amusing manner. This colloquial use of the term \"dag\" was first recorded in the Anzac Songbook in 1916 but has been popular since the 1970s. It has also been used interchangeably with the term \"wag\" as in \"what a wag\", which refers to the amusing aspect inherent in 'dag' but without referring to fashion or style. This use of \"dag\" comes closest in meaning to the UK slang term \"pillock\" (meaning fool) but \"dag\" is differentiated from terms like dork, nerd or geek by virtue of having no particular association with a drive for intellectual pursuits or interest in","psg_id":"10295890"},{"title":"United Nations Operation in the Congo","text":"Lumumba wrote to UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld, that from the text of United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 \"it is clear that, contrary to your personal interpretation, the UN force may be used to subdue the rebel government of Katanga.\" Secretary General Hammarskjöld refused. To Hammarskjöld, the secession of Katanga was an internal Congolese matter and the UN was forbidden to intervene by Article 2 of the United Nations Charter. Disagreements over what the UN force could and could not do continued throughout its deployment. In response, Lumumba accused the UN of siding with Tshombe and foreign mining companies.","psg_id":"5504737"},{"title":"I dag & i morgon (song)","text":"The single \"I dag & i morgon\" was released on 13 March 2006. At the Swedish singles chart, the song peaked at 27th place. The single was mastered by Dragan Tanaskovic. I dag & i morgon (song) \"I dag & i morgon\" is a pop song written by and Calle Kindbom. Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson sang it when it finished 10th at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006. On April 16, 2006, the song reached Svensktoppen, where it first entered the 6th place. On April 30, 2006, the song was knocked out from Svensktoppen after two rounds. In the","psg_id":"8664108"},{"title":"Dag Heward-Mills","text":"founded. Several patients have been treated by Dr. Dag Heward Mills himself. In recent years, Dag Heward-Mills has begun to pastor the First Love Church, the University wing of the Lighthouse Chapel International. He has handed over active preaching in his other churches (including the Qodesh)to his associate pastors and is the direct pastor of the church previously on the Campus of the University of Ghana but has moved into their own building at East Legon, Accra- Ghana. Apart from his frequent travels to preach, Bishop Dag currently preaches to a growing congregation of over 5,000 young people at the","psg_id":"14975716"},{"title":"Dag Rune Olsen","text":"(2010–2013). Before coming to Bergen, he was working at the Institute of Cancer Research at the Oslo University Hospital. He obtained his PhD in medical physics from the University of Oslo in 1999. Dag Rune Olsen Dag Rune Olsen (born 12 February 1962 in Røros) is a Norwegian cancer researcher, professor of biomedical physics at the University of Bergen, and the current rector of the University of Bergen, Norway. In April 2013, Dag Rune Olsen was elected the new rector of the University of Bergen with 59% of the votes. He took over the position from Sigmund Grønmo in August","psg_id":"17320020"},{"title":"Dag (subculture)","text":"have all displayed the idiosyncrasies commonly associated with affable dags. The embarrassing nature of dag demeanor makes them disliked by some and loved by others for the same reasons. When Steve Irwin died, some Australians spoke of him as an embarrassing reflection on Australian culture whilst other Australians stood up for him as a lovable dag and particularly his overseas audience, celebrated his naturalness and affable nature. The cultural confusion between the dag and bogan archetypes in the media is exemplified by the 1998 film, \"Dags\", which whilst incorporating a few features of archetypal dag clothing style for the men","psg_id":"10295895"},{"title":"I dag & i morgon (song)","text":"I dag & i morgon (song) \"I dag & i morgon\" is a pop song written by and Calle Kindbom. Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson sang it when it finished 10th at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006. On April 16, 2006, the song reached Svensktoppen, where it first entered the 6th place. On April 30, 2006, the song was knocked out from Svensktoppen after two rounds. In the lyrics of \"I dag & i morgon\" (\"Today and tomorrow\"), the singer tells her lover that she wants to live with the lover today, tomorrow, and the rest of her life.","psg_id":"8664107"},{"title":"Dag Otto Lauritzen","text":"Norwegian National Time Trial Championship in 1990. He is now a cycling commentator on Norwegian TV station TV 2. Dag Otto Lauritzen Dag Otto Lauritzen (born 12 September 1956) is a retired Norwegian professional cyclist. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles he won a bronze medal in the individual road race. He was the first Norwegian to win a stage of the Tour de France, which he did on Bastille Day in 1987 at Luz Ardiden. Over his career he rode the Tour de France eight times. Lauritzen began cycling to recuperate from a military parachuting injury, and","psg_id":"7686752"},{"title":"Dag Otto Lauritzen","text":"Dag Otto Lauritzen Dag Otto Lauritzen (born 12 September 1956) is a retired Norwegian professional cyclist. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles he won a bronze medal in the individual road race. He was the first Norwegian to win a stage of the Tour de France, which he did on Bastille Day in 1987 at Luz Ardiden. Over his career he rode the Tour de France eight times. Lauritzen began cycling to recuperate from a military parachuting injury, and switched careers from police officer to cyclist. He won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship in 1984 and the","psg_id":"7686751"},{"title":"Mot Dag","text":"strongly linked to Falk's personality and were subject to strict discipline. The magazine \"Mot Dag\" was published by the group between 1921 and 1936. The first editor was future author and publishing consultant Sigurd Hoel (1890-1960). Mot Dag was a collective member of the Norwegian Labour Party from March 1922 until August 1924, but was excluded after a series of disagreements. In 1927, Mot Dag was a part of the Norwegian Communist Party (NKP). From 1929, Mot Dag was an independent political organization. In the middle of the 1930s, Mot Dag made an unsuccessful attempt to establish a new labor","psg_id":"9766705"},{"title":"Dag Rune Olsen","text":"Dag Rune Olsen Dag Rune Olsen (born 12 February 1962 in Røros) is a Norwegian cancer researcher, professor of biomedical physics at the University of Bergen, and the current rector of the University of Bergen, Norway. In April 2013, Dag Rune Olsen was elected the new rector of the University of Bergen with 59% of the votes. He took over the position from Sigmund Grønmo in August 1, 2013. In his campaign he emphasized the importance of developing the university further as an international research university. He has also been the dean at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences","psg_id":"17320019"},{"title":"DAG (newspaper)","text":"that time also made it more likely that companies would save money on advertisement and sponsoring. The last issue was released on 1 October 2008, but the digital activities of \"Dag\" (online, mobile, and narrowcasting) were continued by PCM without support of KPN. DAG (newspaper) Dag (; ), stylized as DAG, was a freely distributed Dutch-language tabloid newspaper in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2008. It was released jointly by publishing company PCM and telecommunications company KPN. Bob Witman was the editor-in-chief. The first edition of \"Dag\" was published on 8 May 2007 with a circulation of 300,000 copies, accompanied","psg_id":"11695579"},{"title":"Ny Dag","text":"editor of the newspaper 1959 to 1964. In the late 1970s, Ingemar Andersson was editor-in-chief of the newspaper. Ny Dag Ny Dag ('New Day') was a Swedish communist newspaper and the main publication of the Communist Party of Sweden (later renamed 'Left Party – Communists') from 2 January 1930 to 5 August 1990, when publication stopped. \"Ny Dag\" was started in 1930 by the branch of the Communist Party that had selected to remain faithful to Comintern in the big party split of 1929, in order to replace \"Folkets Dagblad Politiken\", which had been the party's main publication since 1917,","psg_id":"14706868"},{"title":"UN-Water","text":"for Coordination. The Vice-Chair of UN-Water is elected among the UN-Water Senior Programme Managers. The Secretary of UN-Water is a staff member of United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in New York. The Secretary serves in a personal capacity and not in representation of UN-DESA. 1977: The UN’s Intersecretariat Group for Water Resources coordinates UN activities on water and has a three-person secretariat in the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ (UN-DESA) predecessor in New York. 1992: The Group is subsumed into the UN Administrative Coordination Committee’s (ACC) Subcommittee on Water Resources, which functions for several years","psg_id":"7815652"},{"title":"Dag Allemaal","text":"for \"Dag Allemaal\" since 1994. Ilse Beyers is the editor-in-chief of \"Dag Allemaal\". During the period of 2006-2007 \"Dag Allemaal\" had a circulation of 278,000 copies. The circulation of the magazine was 504,192 copies during the first quarter of 2009. Its circulation fell to 423,103 copies in 2010 and to 412,809 copies in 2011. The weekly had a circulation of 396,097 copies in 2012. It was the best-selling magazine in Belgium with a circulation of 349,165 copies in 2013. Dag Allemaal Dag Allemaal is a Flemish weekly family and women's magazine published in Schelle, Belgium. The magazine also provides TV","psg_id":"18688559"},{"title":"Dag Hol","text":"most important and central. He means that the concept and the ideas emerge from the way the art is done. At Dag Hols solo exhibition in The City Hall of Oslo in March 2012 more than 3000 people attained the opening and more than 21000 people came to the show during the three weeks the exhibition was open (according to the security department at the City Hall), which made the exhibition to one of the best visited solo exhibitions ever in Norwegian art history. Personal homepage: http://www.daghol.no Dag Hol Dag Hol (born 26 October 1951 in Hamburg) is a Norwegian","psg_id":"17422616"},{"title":"Dag Allemaal","text":"Dag Allemaal Dag Allemaal is a Flemish weekly family and women's magazine published in Schelle, Belgium. The magazine also provides TV and radio guides. \"Dag Allemaal\" was established in 1984. The magazine is part of De Persgroep media group and is published by De Persgroep Publishing NV on a weekly basis. De Persgroep Publishing NV is part of Magnet Magazines, a subsidiary of De Persgroep. The weekly has its headquarters in Schelle. \"Dag Allemaal\" offers entertainment news in addition to TV and radio guides. The magazine has a children magazine, \"Dag Kids\". Belgian caricaturist Marec has been among the contributors","psg_id":"18688558"},{"title":"UN Counter Terrorism Office","text":"UN Counter Terrorism Office The UN Counter-Terrorism Office was approved in a resolution on June 15, 2017 with the consensus of the 193-nation UN General Assembly. The creation of the office was also welcomed by Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres' initiative to transfer relevant functions out of the UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA) and into the new United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism. According to the Chief UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric, the secretary-general welcomed the adoption of the General Assembly resolution \"which endorsed his proposal to establish a new UN Office of Counter-Terrorism.\" \"The Secretary-General considers counter-terrorism and","psg_id":"20967756"},{"title":"Dag Shang Kagyü","text":"the temple is the lama Drubgyu Tenpa. There are eight more lamas living there, five Buthanese and the rest Europeans. Dag Shang Kagyu is part of the Rimé movement, or non-sectarian, which respects all traditions and recognizes as valid all paths to obtain supreme spiritual realization. Dag Shang Kagyü Dag Shang Kagyü is a Buddhist temple located in Panillo, Huesca, Spain. In 1984 H.Em Kalu Rinpoche established the monastery which, since 1985, is also a study centre of Buddhism practices.] The lands of the monastery were sold in 1984 and then the monastery was extended with more lands donated by","psg_id":"20049741"},{"title":"Kim Jong-un","text":"reported that Kim Jong-un had been acting as chairman of the Central Military Commission, and supreme leader of the country, following his father's demise. On 9 January 2012, a large rally was held by the Korean People's Army in front of the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun to honor Kim Jong-un and to demonstrate loyalty. In 2013, \"Forbes\" named Kim Jong-un the World's 46th Most Powerful Person. On 27 March 2012, Kim was elected to the Fourth Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea. On 11 April, that conference wrote the post of general secretary out of the party charter","psg_id":"8274763"},{"title":"1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection","text":"the task imposed on me.\" On 7 April 1953, the General Assembly voted 57-1-1 to appoint Dag Hammarskjöld Secretary-General of the United Nations for a 5-year term. The negative vote was from Nationalist China, and the abstention may have been a Latin American country. The Swedish ambassador speculated that tensions with Juan Perón caused Argentina to abstain, but others felt that Uruguay abstained to protest the manner in which Hammarskjöld had been rushed through the Security Council without consulting the non-permanent members. U.S. ambassador Lodge attempted to mollify the Latin American countries by explaining that the nomination had happened so","psg_id":"20753482"},{"title":"Peter Hansen (UN)","text":"he took over the post of Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. During his UN tenure, he has served as Chairman of the Organization's Appointment and Promotion Board and various committees and as the Secretary-General's representative to the World Food Programme. He also served as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee established to follow up the Washington Conference in support of the Middle East peace process. Hansen was appointed Commissioner-General of UNRWA by UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali on January 20, 1996 and took office on March 1, 1996. His term ended on","psg_id":"3883290"},{"title":"Christina Natt och Dag","text":"Christina Natt och Dag Christina Nilsdotter Natt och Dag (1580-1642) was a Swedish court official. She was the royal governess of queen Christina of Sweden from 1639 until 1642. Christina Natt och Dag was the only daughter of four children to nobleman Nils Nilsson Natt och Dag (1554-1613), chamberlain at the royal court, and Anna Bengtsdotter Gylta (1550-1603). She married royal governor nobleman Holger von Scheiding (1583-1631). Her eldest brother Pehr Nilsson Natt och Dag (1583-1634) was a member of the Council and her middle brother Ivar Nilsson Natt och Dag (1590-1651) was a royal governor. After the death of","psg_id":"20462713"},{"title":"Elizabeth Alexander (press secretary)","text":"office to practice law. Alexander was succeeded by Kendra Barkoff, the former Deputy Communications Director and Press Secretary to Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar. Previously, Alexander served as Press Secretary for the United Nations Foundation, creating media campaigns to highlight UN causes around the world. During the 2004 general election campaign, she traveled the country as DNC Chairman Terry McAuliffe's press secretary. During the 2004 primary campaign, she served as Rep. Dick Gephardt's South Carolina press secretary. Prior, Alexander was Rep. Adam Schiff's (D-CA) Communications Director and Deputy Press Secretary for U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY). Alexander is from","psg_id":"13052448"},{"title":"Dag Hareide","text":"Dag Hareide Dag Hareide (born 24 February 1949) is an organizational leader and author. He was knighted in the First Order of St. Olav by the King of Norway in 2015 for exceptional engagement in social innovation in civil society. He has been director of Rainforest Foundation Norway (2012 - 2015), one of the largest rainforest organizations in the world, Director of Nansen Academy Norway, the Norwegian Humanistic Academy which included the Nansen Center for Peace and Dialogue (2006 - 2012) and of other folk high schools, Chair of Nordic Forum for Mediation and Conflict Management (2002–2006) which gathered conflict","psg_id":"14411275"},{"title":"Eprime Eshag","text":"to pursue private accountancy work. At around this time he was active in the left-wing Tudeh party. In his work, Eshag was influenced by and supported the work of Joan Robinson, Michal Kalecki as well as J.M. Keynes and was particularly noted for applying his economic knowledge in the context of development. He was appointed by the United Nations (UN) as an Economic Affairs Officer in the UN Secretariat and spent nearly a decade there. His period with the UN ended after a confrontation with UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld over the latter's request that Eshag tone down his critique","psg_id":"14526312"},{"title":"2004 Republican National Convention protest activity","text":"People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, a national campaign involving over sixty organizations, held a rally by the United Nations on the Dag Hammarskjold Plaza. Along with many homeless and poor people who have been marching with the PPEHRC through New Jersey and living in a \"mobile Bushville\" (which settled in Brooklyn a week before the Convention), thousands thronged the streets despite having been denied a permit and marched down Second Avenue and up Eighth Avenue to Madison Square Garden, the police having decided not to stop the protesters. A few troublemakers apparently acting alone disrupted the march towards the end","psg_id":"3665087"},{"title":"Ny Dag (Norwegian newspaper)","text":"late 1924. The editor-in-chief Ødegaard initially joined the Communists and remained in \"Ny Dag\". However, after the Norwegian parliamentary election, 1924 he got cold feet, left \"Ny Dag\" and rejoined the Labour Party. Reiersen returned as editor. \"Ny Dag\" came with its last issue on 29 December 1924. It had become indebted, and finally disappeared in 1925. Ny Dag (Norwegian newspaper) Ny Dag (\"New Day\") was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Gjøvik in Oppland county. \"Ny Dag\" was started in June 1913 as a Labour Party newspaper. It had no editor-in-chief right from the start, but an editorial committee. Eivind","psg_id":"14960241"},{"title":"Dag Tønder","text":"county governor in Finnmark county, Norway. He was serving for the Governor Peder Holt who was serving in the Cabinet of Norway at that time. During his time as acting governor, Tønder was helped found the Sámi language newspaper company . He was the chairman of the company from 15 June 1956 to 29 March 1958. Dag Tønder Dag Tønder (27 June 1907–13 July 1989) was a Norwegian editor, lawyer, and public official. He served for a time as a judge in Vardø. From 1951 to 1955 he was acting county governor in Finnmark county, Norway. Dag Tønder was born","psg_id":"20784977"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Hammarskjold High School\",\n \"text\": \"Hammarskjold High School Hammarskjold High School is a public high school located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, with an enrollment of roughly 800 students. It is named after Swedish diplomat Dag Hammarskjöld. The principal of Hammarskjold High School is Derek DiBlasio and the vice-principal is Donna Flasza. Hammarskjold High School was constructed in 1962 in response to rapidly increasing enrollment at the former City of Port Arthur's other public high schools (Port Arthur Collegiate Institute, Hillcrest High School, and Lakeview High School). The school was given its name through a student referendum. Hammarskjold accepted students in fall 1962 with only\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6428752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hammarskjold High School\",\n \"text\": \"of the city's most successful football programs, recently winning the 2008 SSSAA Football Championship Hammarskjold High School Hammarskjold High School is a public high school located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, with an enrollment of roughly 800 students. It is named after Swedish diplomat Dag Hammarskjöld. The principal of Hammarskjold High School is Derek DiBlasio and the vice-principal is Donna Flasza. Hammarskjold High School was constructed in 1962 in response to rapidly increasing enrollment at the former City of Port Arthur's other public high schools (Port Arthur Collegiate Institute, Hillcrest High School, and Lakeview High School). The school was given\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6428754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal\",\n \"text\": \"medals each month for the UN peacekeepers who had been killed between 1948 and 2001. Since 2001, there have been an annual medal ceremony for those who were killed in UN peacekeeping operations the previous year. The ceremony is held on 29 May, which is the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. In 2009, the medal was awarded to each of the 132 UN peacekeepers who were killed in 2008. Dag Hammarskjöld Medal The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous award given by the United Nations (UN) to military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14088168\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous award given by the United Nations (UN) to military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in a United Nations peacekeeping operation. The medal is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations, who died in a plane crash in what is now Zambia in September 1961. On 22 July 1997, during its 3802nd meeting, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1121, in which it established the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the resolution, the Security Council also requested that the UN Secretary-General\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14088165\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Library\",\n \"text\": \"to the general public. However, it does provide access to much UN-related information by developing freely accessible online resources and services, and via UN depository libraries worldwide. The library has created a number of research tools and services to ease the access to United Nations Documents: Dag Hammarskjöld Library The Dag Hammarskjöld Library is part of the United Nations headquarters and is connected to the Secretariat and conference buildings through ground level and underground corridors. It is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Library has specialized in two major areas. Firstly, it is the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8392391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag efter dag\",\n \"text\": \"time. Chips also recorded the song with lyrics in English, Day after Day. In 1982, \\\"Dag efter dag\\\" was also released as a single. The single as best reached the 4th place at the Swedish singles chart and 5th place at the Norwegian singles chart. A Huu - A Heijaa (Dag Efter Dag) Dag efter dag \\\"Dag efter dag\\\" (\\\"Day after day\\\") is a song in Swedish, with melody by Lasse Holm and text by Monica Forsberg. The pop and country group Chips won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song, which was sung by Kikki Danielsson and Elisabeth Andreassen.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7871225\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origins of the Six-Day War\",\n \"text\": \"the war itself 15 members of the remaining force were killed and the rest evacuated through Israel. Before UNEF could be deployed in 1956 negotiations were necessary with the compliant host country, Egypt, Israel having refused to host the peacekeepers. Rostow is of a contrary opinion that \\\"Egyptian commitments of the period were broken one by one, the last being the request for the removal of U.N.E.F.\\\" In another publication Rostow adds detail: \\\"One of the most important terms of the agreement was set out in an aide memoire by Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold: if Egypt ever tried unilaterally to remove\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15394575\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld\",\n \"text\": \"which he had never shown any indication of before. The U.N. General Assembly voted 57-1-1 on 7 April 1953 to appoint Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskjöld was sworn in as Secretary-General on 10 April 1953. He was unanimously reelected on 26 September 1957 for another term, taking effect on 10 April 1958. Immediately following the assumption of the Secretariat, Hammarskjöld attempted to establish a good rapport with his staff. He made a point in going to every UN department to shake hands with as many workers as possible, eating in the cafeteria as often as possible,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1789601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag efter dag\",\n \"text\": \"Dag efter dag \\\"Dag efter dag\\\" (\\\"Day after day\\\") is a song in Swedish, with melody by Lasse Holm and text by Monica Forsberg. The pop and country group Chips won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song, which was sung by Kikki Danielsson and Elisabeth Andreassen. Chips finished eighth in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song. On April 18, 1982, the song reached the first place at Svensktoppen; where it stayed for nine rounds. *On June 13, 1982, the song was the last song to be number one at Svensktoppen, before the program was removed the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7871224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Hendra\",\n \"text\": \"the 2017-2018 season. John Hendra has published over 20 articles and op-eds including most recently a \\\"theory of change\\\" for making the UN development system fit to support the 2030 Agenda; opening up national budgets for more accountable SDG financing; women’s rights and the 2030 Agenda; UN reform and \\\"Delivering as One\\\"; and the role of men and boys in achieving gender equality in such publications as Columbia University Journal of International Affairs, Dag Hammarskjold Foundation Development Dialogue Papers and the UN University’s Centre for Policy Research Papers. John Hendra was awarded the Three Star Order of Latvia in 1997\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16367186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Medal\",\n \"text\": \"to the next of kin of the deceased recipient. The medal is egg-shaped and made of clear lead free glass, engraved with the name and date of death of the recipient, the United Nations logo, and the inscription “The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the Service of Peace”, in English and French. On 6 October 1998, the first three Dag Hammarskjöld Medals were awarded to Hammarskjöld himself, René de Labarrière (killed by a land mine in Palestine in July 1948), and Folke Bernadotte (assassinated in Jerusalem by Jewish extremists in September 1948). Beginning in 2001, the UN began awarding dozens of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14088167\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"George Whalley\",\n \"text\": \"to Dag Hammarskjold, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations who died in 1961. His most noted radio dramatizations are \\\"If This is a Man\\\" (1965), a 140-minute adaptation of Stuart Woolf's translation of Primo Levi's \\\"Se questo e un uomo\\\", and \\\"Let Us Now Praise Famous Men\\\" (1966), a 135- minute adaptation of James Agee's book of the same title. John Reeves, the CBC producer of Whalley's adaptations of Levi and Agee, has written about the radio productions. Whalley made a major contribution to broadcasting in Canada, and his works were repeatedly nominated for the Italia Prize for radio.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15809996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yanar Dag\",\n \"text\": \"Yanar Dag Yanar Dag (, meaning \\\"burning mountain\\\") is a natural gas fire which blazes continuously on a hillside on the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian Sea near Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan (a country which itself is known as \\\"the Land of Fire\\\"). Flames jet into the air from a thin, porous sandstone layer. Administratively, Yanar Dag belongs to Absheron District of Azerbaijan. Unlike mud volcanoes, the Yanar Dag flame burns fairly steadily, as it involves a steady seep of gas from the subsurface. It is claimed that the Yanar Dag flame was only noted when accidentally lit by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7716231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Business International Corporation\",\n \"text\": \"International\\\") and a group of key corporate clients. Offices were established overseas, including major regional operations based out of Geneva (Europe), Vienna (East Europe and the USSR) and Hong Kong (Asia-Pacific), and single-country offices (e.g., Rome, Tokyo). BI eventually became the premier information source on global business with research, advisory functions, conferences and government roundtables in addition to its publications. It was headquartered in New York City, at One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, near the UN, with major offices in Geneva, London, Vienna, Hong Kong and Tokyo, and a network of correspondents across the globe. In his book \\\"The Strawberry Statement\\\",\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7503746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Halvor Nylander\",\n \"text\": \"country as a delegate to the United Nations from 2001 to 2004 and at Norway’s Embassy in Buenos Aires from 1999 to 2001. Dag Halvor Nylander Dag Halvor Nylander is a Norwegian diplomat, who formerly served as the Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. He was appointed to this position on 27 February 2017. Nylander is a graduate of the University of Oslo with a degree in law. A career diplomat, he has represented his government in various capacities. From 2012 to 2016, he was Norway’s Special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20022438\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hammarskjold High School\",\n \"text\": \"the two story classroom wing completed. The first student assembly at Christmas had male students sitting on the gym floor while the girls sat on the steel chairs, as the bleachers were not completed yet. The official opening was on May 22, 1963. Hammarskjold High School has undergone numerous renovations and expansions throughout its history. The most recent expansion saw the addition of a library and music room in the school's former technology wing. Several technology classrooms have been converted to academic classrooms along with the school's increasing emphasis on academics over vocations. In terms of athletics they have one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6428753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origins of the Six-Day War\",\n \"text\": \"(UN expert on Middle East diplomacy) fully adhered to the secretary-general's position that Egypt had a sovereign right to dismiss UNEF’, however imprudent that decision might be.\\\" Further contrary to Rostow's position, the Secretary-General in 1967, U Thant, specifically addressed the Hammarskjold memoire during the build-up of tension, declaring that the 1957 memorandum by the late Secretary-General, which had interpreted the agreement on UNEF between the United Nations and Egypt as meaning that an Egyptian request for UNEF withdrawal would have to be referred to the General Assembly, was “a purely private” understanding by Mr. Hammarskjold and not binding either\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15394577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection\",\n \"text\": \"1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1961 to replace Dag Hammarskjöld after he was killed in a plane crash. After initial Soviet attempts to replace the Secretary-General with a troika, it was agreed that an Acting Secretary-General would be appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Within two weeks, U Thant of Burma emerged as the only candidate who was acceptable to both the Soviet Union and the United States. However, the superpowers spent another four weeks arguing over the number of Assistant Secretaries-General, before finally resolving their dispute by allowing Thant to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20533570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag the Wise\",\n \"text\": \"Dag the Wise Dag the Wise or Dagr Spaka was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings (dated to the 4th century by 16th-century historiographer Johannes Magnus). He was the son of Dyggvi, the former king. According to legend, he could understand the speech of birds and had a sparrow that gathered news for him from many lands. When the bird was killed on one of these trips, Dag invaded Reidgotaland (considering the date and location, apparently Gothiscandza), in order to avenge it. There he was ambushed by a thrall and killed. The earliest two versions based on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3579094\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld\",\n \"text\": \"nomination \\\"came as a complete surprise to everyone here and we started scrambling around to find out who Mr. Hammarskjold was and what his qualifications were.\\\" The State Department authorized Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., the US Ambassador, to vote in favor after he told them that Hammarskjöld \\\"may be as good as we can get.\\\" The superpowers hoped to seat a Secretary-General who would focus on administrative issues and refrain from participating in political discussion. Hammarskjöld's reputation at the time was, in the words of biographer Emery Kelèn, \\\"that of a brilliant economist, an unobtrusive technician, and an aristro-bureaucrat\\\". As\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1789598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"DAG (band)\",\n \"text\": \"DAG (band) DAG was a funk band from Raleigh, North Carolina which formed in 1989 and disbanded in 1999. The band of singer and bassist Bobby Patterson, guitarist Brian Dennis, drummer Kenny Soule (from rock bands Nantucket and PKM) and keyboardist Doug Jervey had already earned many loyal listeners around their hometown over the next few years with their uncommonly 1970s wild funk persona; and with the help of Grammy nominee and local record producer John Custer (who also developed Cry Of Love and produced several Corrosion of Conformity albums), DAG gained the attention of some major record labels. DAG\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10140639\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag för Dag\",\n \"text\": \"of that year, recording in April and May, and then touring through the rest of the year. Dag för Dag Dag för Dag is a Swedish-American brother and sister duo based in Stockholm. The band's core members are Sarah and Jacob Snavely. Formed in 2007, they are supported both on stage and in the studio by a drummer. Their first tour was with friends Shout Out Louds in January 2008 and since then they have supported The Kills, Wolf Parade, Lykke Li, Handsome Furs, Wintersleep and Cursive. The band's name, Dag för Dag, is Swedish for \\\"day by day\\\". Originally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13427468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag för Dag\",\n \"text\": \"Dag för Dag Dag för Dag is a Swedish-American brother and sister duo based in Stockholm. The band's core members are Sarah and Jacob Snavely. Formed in 2007, they are supported both on stage and in the studio by a drummer. Their first tour was with friends Shout Out Louds in January 2008 and since then they have supported The Kills, Wolf Parade, Lykke Li, Handsome Furs, Wintersleep and Cursive. The band's name, Dag för Dag, is Swedish for \\\"day by day\\\". Originally taken from a language-learning tape the two stumbled across, the name has come to aptly describe the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13427466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mot Dag\",\n \"text\": \"members Mot Dag were leaders in Norwegian politics and culture. Norway's first three post-war Prime Ministers Einar Gerhardsen, Oscar Torp, and John Lyng were all at one point in time part of Mot Dag. In addition were Gro Harlem Brundtland's father, Secretary of Defense Gudmund Harlem; the Labor Party's longstanding secretary Haakon Lie, Oslo's longstanding mayor Brynjulf Bull, and future West German chancellor Willy Brandt. Many well-known authors, intellectuals, and future leading politicians and officials were also members. Of note were filmmaker Olav Dalgard; the authors Helge Krog, Odd Eidem, Sigurd Hoel, Arnulf Øverland, Nic Waal and Inger Hagerup --\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9766707\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Terje Andersen\",\n \"text\": \"before he became State Secretary at the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1992. He was a party secretary for the Norwegian Labour Party from 1992 until 1996. In 1996 he became Minister of Agriculture, remaining in that post for slightly less than a year. Andersen later became Minister of Trade and Industry on 29 September 2006, when Odd Eriksen resigned. From 2009 to 2013, Andersen served as President of the Storting. Dag Terje Andersen Dag Terje Andersen (born 27 May 1957 in Frogn, Akershus) is a Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party. In addition to professional politics he has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8452717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag the Wise\",\n \"text\": \"and in \\\"Historia Norwegiæ\\\"'s earlier summary of \\\"Ynglingatal\\\" but not in Snorri's later quotation from it, suggests that all of \\\"Ynglingatal\\\" was not presented by him. Dag the Wise Dag the Wise or Dagr Spaka was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings (dated to the 4th century by 16th-century historiographer Johannes Magnus). He was the son of Dyggvi, the former king. According to legend, he could understand the speech of birds and had a sparrow that gathered news for him from many lands. When the bird was killed on one of these trips, Dag invaded Reidgotaland (considering\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3579096\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld invert\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld invert The Dag Hammarskjöld invert is a 4 cent value postage stamp error issued on 23 October 1962 by the United States Postal Service (then known as the Post Office Department) one year after the death of Dag Hammarskjöld, Secretary-General of the United Nations, in an airplane crash. The stamp, showing the yellow background inverted relative to the image and text, is also known as the Day's Folly after Postmaster General J. Edward Day who ordered the intentional reprinting of the yellow invert commenting, \\\"The Post Office Department is not running a jackpot operation.\\\" The stamp reprint was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8851040\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Library\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Library The Dag Hammarskjöld Library is part of the United Nations headquarters and is connected to the Secretariat and conference buildings through ground level and underground corridors. It is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Library has specialized in two major areas. Firstly, it is the main depository for United Nations documents and publications and maintains a selected collection of materials of the specialized agencies and United Nations affiliated bodies. Secondly, the Library collects books, periodicals and other materials related to the organization's programs of activities. The Library was founded along with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8392386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1929 Kopet Dag earthquake\",\n \"text\": \"1929 Kopet Dag earthquake The 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake (also called the 1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake) took place at 15:37 UTC on 1 May with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\\\"Violent\\\"). It occurred in the Kopet Dag area of Iran and caused up to 3,800 casualties along the Turkmenistan-Iran border. More than 1,100 were injured. Within the epicentral area, 3,250 people were killed. Eighty-eight villages in the region were damaged or destroyed, along with damage at Bojnourd. Aftershocks occurred for more than four years after, including one in July 1929 that killed several\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12946013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Bergman\",\n \"text\": \"1944 before he became an attaché at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1945. He was first secretary in Athens in 1963, embassy counsellor in 1970 (acting in 1965) and ambassador from 1972 to 1973. Bergman was then consul general in Hong Kong from 1973 to 1980. Bergman was from the 1960s seriously ill, paralyzed by polio and wheelchair bound. He died in Athens in 1984. Dag Bergman Dag Erik Bergman (23 October 1914 – 10 December 1984), was a Swedish diplomat. Bergman was the son of the parish minister Erik Bergman and Karin Bergman, née Åkerblom, and the older\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18847665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Berggrav\",\n \"text\": \"permanent under-secretary of state in the Office of the Prime Minister. Following his semi-retirement in 1992, Berggrav continued as an advisor for many years. He also chaired the from 1974 to 1992. Berggrav was an active ski jumper in the years 1931 to 1956. From 1964 to 1970 he was the president of the Norwegian Skiing Federation, and from 1965 to 1970 he was a member of the Norwegian Olympic Committee. From 1979 to 1983 he was the vice president of the International Ski Federation. He represented the clubs Frigg and Heming in Oslo. Dag Berggrav Dag Berggrav (17 May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12972896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Berggrav\",\n \"text\": \"Germany, he was held prisoner at Akershus Fortress from 20 December 1944 to the war's end in 1945. His father being a bishop, Dag Berggrav was a devout Lutheran as well. In 1950 Dag Berggrav graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.jur. degree. After studying international law in England for one year, Berggrav was hired as a deputy judge in Oslo. He was then a secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1951 to 1962, except for the years 1952 to 1954, when he worked in the Numedal district, first as deputy judge, then as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12972894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Heward-Mills\",\n \"text\": \"Dag in his vision to win souls, plant churches and raise leaders. She speaks in women’s and young peoples’ conferences all over the world. Adelaide Heward-Mills has been involved in Christian ministry all of her adult life and has served alongside her husband, Bishop Dag Heward-Mills, throughout their entire marriage. As an insightful speaker, she draws heavily from her education and background in law. In addition to raising two sons and two daughters, she serves as Executive Director of the Daughter You Can Make it Ministry. She also speaks across the country on women’s roles in supporting their husbands, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14975718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag og Tid\",\n \"text\": \"Dag og Tid Dag og Tid () is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language. \\\"Dag og Tid\\\" was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased significantly, nearly doubling over the last two decades. \\\"Dag og Tid\\\" was founded in 1962. The paper is published weekly. Its headquarters is located in Oslo. \\\"Dag og Tid\\\" is politically independent but editorially radical. It focuses on culture and politics. It is owned by various persons and groups. The current editor is Svein Gjerdåker. In the 2010s, \\\"Dag\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8478412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld\",\n \"text\": \"Japanese poet Basho in his \\\"Narrow Roads to the Deep North\\\". In his foreword to \\\"Markings\\\", the English poet W. H. Auden quotes Hammarskjöld as stating: In our age, the road to holiness necessarily passes through the world of action. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America commemorates the life of Hammarskjöld as a renewer of society, on the anniversary of his death, 18 September. Dag Hammarskjöld Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld (; ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskjöld was the youngest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1789613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld\",\n \"text\": \"secretaries-general of the United Nations, and his appointment has been mentioned as the most notable success for the UN. United States President John F. Kennedy called Hammarskjöld \\\"the greatest statesman of our century.\\\" Dag Hammarskjöld was born in Jönköping to the noble family Hammarskjöld (also spelled \\\"Hammarskiöld\\\" or \\\"Hammarsköld\\\"). He spent most of his childhood in Uppsala. His home there, which he considered his childhood home, was Uppsala Castle. He was the fourth and youngest son of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917, and Agnes Hammarskjöld (née Almquist). Hammarskjöld's family was ennobled in 1610 due to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1789592\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld\",\n \"text\": \"near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Hammarskjöld and 15 others perished in the crash, the circumstances of which are still unclear. There is some evidence that suggests the plane was shot down. Hammarskjöld's death set off a succession crisis at the United Nations, as there was no line of succession and the Security Council had to vote on a successor. Göran Björkdahl (a Swedish aid worker) wrote in 2011 that he believed Dag Hammarskjöld's death was a murder committed, in part, to benefit mining companies like Union Minière, after Hammarskjöld had made the UN intervene in the Katanga crisis. Björkdahl\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1789605\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Efter endnu en dag\",\n \"text\": \"engineered by Freddy Hansson and recorded in Sweet Silence Studio in Copenhagen and Trente Mølle in Funen. From this album \\\"Sirenesangen\\\" / \\\"De gule enker\\\" and \\\"Pas på svinget i solrød\\\" / \\\"Bella Donna\\\" were released as singles. \\\"Efter endnu en dag\\\" was released on CD in 1987 with \\\"Gas 5\\\" but due to lack of space, \\\"Mama Cucu\\\", \\\"Twilight Birds\\\", and \\\"Stenalderjazz\\\" were omitted. In 1991 it was remastered for CD and it is also included on \\\"The Black Box\\\" (2003). \\\"Efter endnu en dag\\\" was released in Spain as \\\"Al cerrarse un nuevo dia\\\" with song titles in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8542906\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Ringsson\",\n \"text\": \"the peasant army soon overwhelmed the remnants of the king's men. Dag and his followers fled back to Sweden. Mention of Dag Ringsson did not appear after this point. Dag Ringsson Dag Ringsson was a Norwegian chieftain from Oppland who participated in the Battle of Stiklestad during 1030 which resulted in the death of King Olaf II of Norway According to Snorri Sturluson, Dag Ringsson was a descendant of Harald Fairhair. His family had settled in Sweden, where Dag was a nobleman at the service of Swedish King Anund Jacob. In 1026, King Olaf II of Norway and King Anund\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5983875\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origins of the Six-Day War\",\n \"text\": \"the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the Sinai, or to close the Straits of Tiran, the Secretary-General would call the Security Council into session immediately and block such initiatives until a peaceful resolution of the conflict could be reached.\\\" Oren, however, confirms Egypt's right as follows: \\\"That (UNEF) presence, however, hung on a legal fiction. The \\\"good-faith agreement\\\" forged by Dag Hammarskjold in 1957, according to which Egypt would consult with the General Assembly and the UNEF Advisory Council before altering the force's mandate, was in no way binding. The Egyptians could, in fact, dismiss UNEF whenever they chose. Bunche\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15394576\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"U Thant funeral crisis\",\n \"text\": \"sources, thousands of protesters were arrested and at least eighteen died, but unofficial figures are much higher. Before holding the role of UN Secretary-General from 1961 to 1971, Thant was a civil servant under the administration of U Nu, the first prime minister of Burma. As the Secretary of Projects for the Prime Minister's office, Thant accompanied Nu on several official trips overseas. Thant also represented Burma at the 1952 UN General Assembly and the 1955 Bandung Conference in Indonesia. In 1957, he became Burma's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. When Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld was killed in a plane\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17816180\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hammarskjöld Library\",\n \"text\": \"and prohibits the growth of the Library to that level which would seem commensurate with the fulfilment of its purposes.\\\" In 1959, the Ford Foundation gave a grant of $6.2 million to the United Nations for the construction of a new Library building which would be \\\"of the highest quality, aesthetically designed, furnished, and equipped in conformity with the most modern library standards.\\\" In recognition of their generous donation, the General Assembly instructed the Secretary-General to place a memorial stone at the entrance of the library inscribed with \\\"Gift of the Ford Foundation.\\\" Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld was instrumental in securing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8392389\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ny Dag\",\n \"text\": \"lengthy, and for a Communist Party publication remarkably harsh, debate erupted in the pages of \\\"Ny Dag\\\", in which critics held the party leadership personally accountable for the electoral defeat. \\\"Ny Dag\\\" became a twice-weekly newspaper in 1965. In 1970, it had a circulation of around 15,000. \\\"Ny Dag\\\" was printed at Västermalms Tryckeri AB, on Kungsholmen in Stockholm. Hugo Sillén edited \\\"Ny Dag\\\" between 1931 and 1934. Around 1940, Gustav Johansson was the editor of the newspaper. Hilding Hagberg, also the party chairman, was the political editor of \\\"Ny Dag\\\" 1943 to 1964, whilst C.-H. Hermansson served as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14706867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection\",\n \"text\": \"ballot in 1971, and he stepped down when his last term in office ran out on 31 December 1971. Concerns about his health proved well-founded, as Thant died of cancer on 25 November 1974. 1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1961 to replace Dag Hammarskjöld after he was killed in a plane crash. After initial Soviet attempts to replace the Secretary-General with a troika, it was agreed that an Acting Secretary-General would be appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Within two weeks, U Thant of Burma emerged as the only candidate who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20533587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag og Tid\",\n \"text\": \"og Tid\\\" was one of few Norwegian print newspapers with a substantial increase of readers. Its circulation in 2015 was 10,948, up from 7,228 copies in 2008. Numbers from the Norwegian Media Businesses' Association, Mediebedriftenes Landsforening. Dag og Tid Dag og Tid () is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language. \\\"Dag og Tid\\\" was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased significantly, nearly doubling over the last two decades. \\\"Dag og Tid\\\" was founded in 1962. The paper is published weekly. Its headquarters is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8478413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Halvor Nylander\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Halvor Nylander Dag Halvor Nylander is a Norwegian diplomat, who formerly served as the Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. He was appointed to this position on 27 February 2017. Nylander is a graduate of the University of Oslo with a degree in law. A career diplomat, he has represented his government in various capacities. From 2012 to 2016, he was Norway’s Special Envoy to the Colombia peace process and also served as Head of Norway’s Mission in Bogota from 2006 to 2008. He represented his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20022437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Ramsøy Bryn\",\n \"text\": \"the design of Norwegian foreign and security policy. He served as state secretary in the Ministry of Defence from 1947 to 1950, in Gerhardsen's Second Cabinet, and in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1954 to 1958, in the cabinets of Oscar Torp and Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet. After this, he served as Norwegian ambassador to various foreign capitals including Bonn (1954 to 1957) and Belgrade (1958-1963). Bryn died at Tvedestrand during 1991 and was buried in Vestre Gravlund. Dag Ramsøy Bryn Dag Ramsøy Bryn (17 March 1909 – 11 April 1991) was a Norwegian diplomat and politician for the Labour\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12480676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Henrik Sandbakken\",\n \"text\": \"He was hired in the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities. Dag Henrik Sandbakken Dag Henrik Sandbakken (born 17 August 1957) is a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hedmark during the 2005–2009 term. When Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet assumed office following the 2005 elections, Sandbakken was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. He resigned in February 2013. On the local level, Sandbakken served as mayor of Tynset municipality from 1999 to 2005. He worked as a farmer, and in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11081262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Henrik Sandbakken\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Henrik Sandbakken Dag Henrik Sandbakken (born 17 August 1957) is a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hedmark during the 2005–2009 term. When Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet assumed office following the 2005 elections, Sandbakken was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. He resigned in February 2013. On the local level, Sandbakken served as mayor of Tynset municipality from 1999 to 2005. He worked as a farmer, and in addition to his agronomist education he was educated at Hedmark University College.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11081261\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"World Academy of Art and Science\",\n \"text\": \"a seven-member Executive Committee. The four principal officers are: Heitor Gurgulino de Souza, President – formerly Secretary General of International Association of University Presidents and Rector of United Nations University. Garry Jacobs, Chief Executive Officer – Vice President of the Mother’s Service Society, formerly Chairman of the Board of the World Academy and Member Secretary of the International Commission on Peace & Food. Winston Nagan, Chairman of the Board – Professor of Law at University of Florida and former Chairman of Amnesty International (USA). Ivo Šlaus, Honorary President – Dean of Dag Hammarskjold University College of International Relations (Zagreb) and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9481722\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"DAG (band)\",\n \"text\": \"(Prêt-à-Porter)\\\". Additionally, a live in-studio version of 'Lovely Jane' was included on the CD \\\"The Best Of The Columbia Records Radio Hour, Vol. 2\\\" along with tracks by such artists as The Dave Matthews Band and James Taylor. DAG (band) DAG was a funk band from Raleigh, North Carolina which formed in 1989 and disbanded in 1999. The band of singer and bassist Bobby Patterson, guitarist Brian Dennis, drummer Kenny Soule (from rock bands Nantucket and PKM) and keyboardist Doug Jervey had already earned many loyal listeners around their hometown over the next few years with their uncommonly 1970s wild\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10140641\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Katanga\",\n \"text\": \"facilitating several rounds of political negotiations. In June, Tshombe signed a pledge to reunite Katanga with rest of the country, however by August it was clear he had no intention of implementing this agreement. In August and September, the UN conducted two operations to arrest and repatriate the mercenaries and political advisors by force. The second operation was resisted by the Katangese gendarmerie and resulted in casualties on both sides. Peace negotiations ensued, in the course of which, UN secretary-general Dag Hammarskjöld died in uncertain circumstances in a plane crash near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Under UN pressure, Tshombe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12013229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Kavlie\",\n \"text\": \"Norway Fulbright Foundation for Educational Exchange. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. Kavlie resides in Vestre Aker, Oslo. His hobbies include horticulture, cycling and cross-country skiing. He participates regularly in the Birkebeinerrennet ski race. Dag Kavlie Dag Kavlie (born 14 April 1939) is a Norwegian shipping engineer. He was a professor and rector (1984–1990) at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and later worked for the Research Council of Norway. He was born in Oslo, and took the siv.ing. degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1963. He then spent a year as a conscript\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13231328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"DAG (newspaper)\",\n \"text\": \"DAG (newspaper) Dag (; ), stylized as DAG, was a freely distributed Dutch-language tabloid newspaper in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2008. It was released jointly by publishing company PCM and telecommunications company KPN. Bob Witman was the editor-in-chief. The first edition of \\\"Dag\\\" was published on 8 May 2007 with a circulation of 300,000 copies, accompanied with the launch of the website. It competed with long-time free newspapers \\\"Metro\\\" and \\\"Spits\\\", as well as \\\"De Pers\\\" which had started on 23 January of that year. The paper and the website were noted for its clear layout, its extensive use\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11695577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Ringsson\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Ringsson Dag Ringsson was a Norwegian chieftain from Oppland who participated in the Battle of Stiklestad during 1030 which resulted in the death of King Olaf II of Norway According to Snorri Sturluson, Dag Ringsson was a descendant of Harald Fairhair. His family had settled in Sweden, where Dag was a nobleman at the service of Swedish King Anund Jacob. In 1026, King Olaf II of Norway and King Anund Jacob had lost the Battle of the Helgeå. This left King Cnut the Great of Denmark as the dominant leader in Scandinavia. By 1029 the Norwegian nobles, seething with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5983873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ny Dag\",\n \"text\": \"Ny Dag Ny Dag ('New Day') was a Swedish communist newspaper and the main publication of the Communist Party of Sweden (later renamed 'Left Party – Communists') from 2 January 1930 to 5 August 1990, when publication stopped. \\\"Ny Dag\\\" was started in 1930 by the branch of the Communist Party that had selected to remain faithful to Comintern in the big party split of 1929, in order to replace \\\"Folkets Dagblad Politiken\\\", which had been the party's main publication since 1917, but had selected to join the \\\"Kilbom rebels\\\" in the 1929 split. \\\"Ny Dag\\\" was one of six\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14706865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1929 Kopet Dag earthquake\",\n \"text\": \"more people, before finally subsiding in 1933. Fifty-seven diverse locations reported damage, including casualties in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Surface faulting occurred along the Baghan-Germab fault for a length of . 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake The 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake (also called the 1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake) took place at 15:37 UTC on 1 May with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\\\"Violent\\\"). It occurred in the Kopet Dag area of Iran and caused up to 3,800 casualties along the Turkmenistan-Iran border. More than 1,100 were injured. Within the epicentral area, 3,250 people were killed. Eighty-eight\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12946014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Lövaas\",\n \"text\": \"team and the promoters Danny Dunton and Robert Dugard to become the White City Rebels in 1976. Dag had been keen to ride at Oxford, a track he loved and was disappointed at the move to the London stadium in 1976. On deciding not to return to England in 1977, White City were granted a 'Dag Lovaas (Rider Replacement)' facility for the entire season, in which they ended up as champions. Dag Lövaas Dag Lövaas (born 25 February 1953 in Holmestrand, Norway) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider, who reached the finals of the Speedway World Championship in 1974.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12501463\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ayu-Dag\",\n \"text\": \"is a Nature reserve (5.5 km). There is a pioneer children's camp Artek near Ayu-Dag (Medved' Mountain) which is well known internationally. The eastern slopes of Ayu-Dag lead to an ancient settlement Partenit. Remains of an early-medieval settlement and a number of churches were discovered here. In the 9th-10th centuries it was a well-known seaport, bound with cities of the Byzantine Empire. The western slopes lead to Artek. Ayu-Dag Ayu-Dag (, , , (\\\"Aya\\\" - \\\"Holy\\\")) is a summit of Crimea. It is also known under the Russified name \\\"Medved'-gora (Bear mountain)\\\" (, ). The summit is located 16 km\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10826641\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag (subculture)\",\n \"text\": \"and amusing manner. This colloquial use of the term \\\"dag\\\" was first recorded in the Anzac Songbook in 1916 but has been popular since the 1970s. It has also been used interchangeably with the term \\\"wag\\\" as in \\\"what a wag\\\", which refers to the amusing aspect inherent in 'dag' but without referring to fashion or style. This use of \\\"dag\\\" comes closest in meaning to the UK slang term \\\"pillock\\\" (meaning fool) but \\\"dag\\\" is differentiated from terms like dork, nerd or geek by virtue of having no particular association with a drive for intellectual pursuits or interest in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10295890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United Nations Operation in the Congo\",\n \"text\": \"Lumumba wrote to UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld, that from the text of United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 \\\"it is clear that, contrary to your personal interpretation, the UN force may be used to subdue the rebel government of Katanga.\\\" Secretary General Hammarskjöld refused. To Hammarskjöld, the secession of Katanga was an internal Congolese matter and the UN was forbidden to intervene by Article 2 of the United Nations Charter. Disagreements over what the UN force could and could not do continued throughout its deployment. In response, Lumumba accused the UN of siding with Tshombe and foreign mining companies.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5504737\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I dag & i morgon (song)\",\n \"text\": \"The single \\\"I dag & i morgon\\\" was released on 13 March 2006. At the Swedish singles chart, the song peaked at 27th place. The single was mastered by Dragan Tanaskovic. I dag & i morgon (song) \\\"I dag & i morgon\\\" is a pop song written by and Calle Kindbom. Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson sang it when it finished 10th at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006. On April 16, 2006, the song reached Svensktoppen, where it first entered the 6th place. On April 30, 2006, the song was knocked out from Svensktoppen after two rounds. In the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8664108\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Heward-Mills\",\n \"text\": \"founded. Several patients have been treated by Dr. Dag Heward Mills himself. In recent years, Dag Heward-Mills has begun to pastor the First Love Church, the University wing of the Lighthouse Chapel International. He has handed over active preaching in his other churches (including the Qodesh)to his associate pastors and is the direct pastor of the church previously on the Campus of the University of Ghana but has moved into their own building at East Legon, Accra- Ghana. Apart from his frequent travels to preach, Bishop Dag currently preaches to a growing congregation of over 5,000 young people at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14975716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Rune Olsen\",\n \"text\": \"(2010–2013). Before coming to Bergen, he was working at the Institute of Cancer Research at the Oslo University Hospital. He obtained his PhD in medical physics from the University of Oslo in 1999. Dag Rune Olsen Dag Rune Olsen (born 12 February 1962 in Røros) is a Norwegian cancer researcher, professor of biomedical physics at the University of Bergen, and the current rector of the University of Bergen, Norway. In April 2013, Dag Rune Olsen was elected the new rector of the University of Bergen with 59% of the votes. He took over the position from Sigmund Grønmo in August\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17320020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag (subculture)\",\n \"text\": \"have all displayed the idiosyncrasies commonly associated with affable dags. The embarrassing nature of dag demeanor makes them disliked by some and loved by others for the same reasons. When Steve Irwin died, some Australians spoke of him as an embarrassing reflection on Australian culture whilst other Australians stood up for him as a lovable dag and particularly his overseas audience, celebrated his naturalness and affable nature. The cultural confusion between the dag and bogan archetypes in the media is exemplified by the 1998 film, \\\"Dags\\\", which whilst incorporating a few features of archetypal dag clothing style for the men\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10295895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I dag & i morgon (song)\",\n \"text\": \"I dag & i morgon (song) \\\"I dag & i morgon\\\" is a pop song written by and Calle Kindbom. Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson sang it when it finished 10th at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006. On April 16, 2006, the song reached Svensktoppen, where it first entered the 6th place. On April 30, 2006, the song was knocked out from Svensktoppen after two rounds. In the lyrics of \\\"I dag & i morgon\\\" (\\\"Today and tomorrow\\\"), the singer tells her lover that she wants to live with the lover today, tomorrow, and the rest of her life.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8664107\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Otto Lauritzen\",\n \"text\": \"Norwegian National Time Trial Championship in 1990. He is now a cycling commentator on Norwegian TV station TV 2. Dag Otto Lauritzen Dag Otto Lauritzen (born 12 September 1956) is a retired Norwegian professional cyclist. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles he won a bronze medal in the individual road race. He was the first Norwegian to win a stage of the Tour de France, which he did on Bastille Day in 1987 at Luz Ardiden. Over his career he rode the Tour de France eight times. Lauritzen began cycling to recuperate from a military parachuting injury, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7686752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Otto Lauritzen\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Otto Lauritzen Dag Otto Lauritzen (born 12 September 1956) is a retired Norwegian professional cyclist. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles he won a bronze medal in the individual road race. He was the first Norwegian to win a stage of the Tour de France, which he did on Bastille Day in 1987 at Luz Ardiden. Over his career he rode the Tour de France eight times. Lauritzen began cycling to recuperate from a military parachuting injury, and switched careers from police officer to cyclist. He won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship in 1984 and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7686751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mot Dag\",\n \"text\": \"strongly linked to Falk's personality and were subject to strict discipline. The magazine \\\"Mot Dag\\\" was published by the group between 1921 and 1936. The first editor was future author and publishing consultant Sigurd Hoel (1890-1960). Mot Dag was a collective member of the Norwegian Labour Party from March 1922 until August 1924, but was excluded after a series of disagreements. In 1927, Mot Dag was a part of the Norwegian Communist Party (NKP). From 1929, Mot Dag was an independent political organization. In the middle of the 1930s, Mot Dag made an unsuccessful attempt to establish a new labor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9766705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Rune Olsen\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Rune Olsen Dag Rune Olsen (born 12 February 1962 in Røros) is a Norwegian cancer researcher, professor of biomedical physics at the University of Bergen, and the current rector of the University of Bergen, Norway. In April 2013, Dag Rune Olsen was elected the new rector of the University of Bergen with 59% of the votes. He took over the position from Sigmund Grønmo in August 1, 2013. In his campaign he emphasized the importance of developing the university further as an international research university. He has also been the dean at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17320019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"DAG (newspaper)\",\n \"text\": \"that time also made it more likely that companies would save money on advertisement and sponsoring. The last issue was released on 1 October 2008, but the digital activities of \\\"Dag\\\" (online, mobile, and narrowcasting) were continued by PCM without support of KPN. DAG (newspaper) Dag (; ), stylized as DAG, was a freely distributed Dutch-language tabloid newspaper in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2008. It was released jointly by publishing company PCM and telecommunications company KPN. Bob Witman was the editor-in-chief. The first edition of \\\"Dag\\\" was published on 8 May 2007 with a circulation of 300,000 copies, accompanied\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11695579\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ny Dag\",\n \"text\": \"editor of the newspaper 1959 to 1964. In the late 1970s, Ingemar Andersson was editor-in-chief of the newspaper. Ny Dag Ny Dag ('New Day') was a Swedish communist newspaper and the main publication of the Communist Party of Sweden (later renamed 'Left Party – Communists') from 2 January 1930 to 5 August 1990, when publication stopped. \\\"Ny Dag\\\" was started in 1930 by the branch of the Communist Party that had selected to remain faithful to Comintern in the big party split of 1929, in order to replace \\\"Folkets Dagblad Politiken\\\", which had been the party's main publication since 1917,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14706868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UN-Water\",\n \"text\": \"for Coordination. The Vice-Chair of UN-Water is elected among the UN-Water Senior Programme Managers. The Secretary of UN-Water is a staff member of United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in New York. The Secretary serves in a personal capacity and not in representation of UN-DESA. 1977: The UN’s Intersecretariat Group for Water Resources coordinates UN activities on water and has a three-person secretariat in the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ (UN-DESA) predecessor in New York. 1992: The Group is subsumed into the UN Administrative Coordination Committee’s (ACC) Subcommittee on Water Resources, which functions for several years\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7815652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Allemaal\",\n \"text\": \"for \\\"Dag Allemaal\\\" since 1994. Ilse Beyers is the editor-in-chief of \\\"Dag Allemaal\\\". During the period of 2006-2007 \\\"Dag Allemaal\\\" had a circulation of 278,000 copies. The circulation of the magazine was 504,192 copies during the first quarter of 2009. Its circulation fell to 423,103 copies in 2010 and to 412,809 copies in 2011. The weekly had a circulation of 396,097 copies in 2012. It was the best-selling magazine in Belgium with a circulation of 349,165 copies in 2013. Dag Allemaal Dag Allemaal is a Flemish weekly family and women's magazine published in Schelle, Belgium. The magazine also provides TV\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18688559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hol\",\n \"text\": \"most important and central. He means that the concept and the ideas emerge from the way the art is done. At Dag Hols solo exhibition in The City Hall of Oslo in March 2012 more than 3000 people attained the opening and more than 21000 people came to the show during the three weeks the exhibition was open (according to the security department at the City Hall), which made the exhibition to one of the best visited solo exhibitions ever in Norwegian art history. Personal homepage: http://www.daghol.no Dag Hol Dag Hol (born 26 October 1951 in Hamburg) is a Norwegian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17422616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Allemaal\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Allemaal Dag Allemaal is a Flemish weekly family and women's magazine published in Schelle, Belgium. The magazine also provides TV and radio guides. \\\"Dag Allemaal\\\" was established in 1984. The magazine is part of De Persgroep media group and is published by De Persgroep Publishing NV on a weekly basis. De Persgroep Publishing NV is part of Magnet Magazines, a subsidiary of De Persgroep. The weekly has its headquarters in Schelle. \\\"Dag Allemaal\\\" offers entertainment news in addition to TV and radio guides. The magazine has a children magazine, \\\"Dag Kids\\\". Belgian caricaturist Marec has been among the contributors\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18688558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"UN Counter Terrorism Office\",\n \"text\": \"UN Counter Terrorism Office The UN Counter-Terrorism Office was approved in a resolution on June 15, 2017 with the consensus of the 193-nation UN General Assembly. The creation of the office was also welcomed by Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres' initiative to transfer relevant functions out of the UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA) and into the new United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism. According to the Chief UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric, the secretary-general welcomed the adoption of the General Assembly resolution \\\"which endorsed his proposal to establish a new UN Office of Counter-Terrorism.\\\" \\\"The Secretary-General considers counter-terrorism and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20967756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Shang Kagyü\",\n \"text\": \"the temple is the lama Drubgyu Tenpa. There are eight more lamas living there, five Buthanese and the rest Europeans. Dag Shang Kagyu is part of the Rimé movement, or non-sectarian, which respects all traditions and recognizes as valid all paths to obtain supreme spiritual realization. Dag Shang Kagyü Dag Shang Kagyü is a Buddhist temple located in Panillo, Huesca, Spain. In 1984 H.Em Kalu Rinpoche established the monastery which, since 1985, is also a study centre of Buddhism practices.] The lands of the monastery were sold in 1984 and then the monastery was extended with more lands donated by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20049741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kim Jong-un\",\n \"text\": \"reported that Kim Jong-un had been acting as chairman of the Central Military Commission, and supreme leader of the country, following his father's demise. On 9 January 2012, a large rally was held by the Korean People's Army in front of the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun to honor Kim Jong-un and to demonstrate loyalty. In 2013, \\\"Forbes\\\" named Kim Jong-un the World's 46th Most Powerful Person. On 27 March 2012, Kim was elected to the Fourth Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea. On 11 April, that conference wrote the post of general secretary out of the party charter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8274763\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection\",\n \"text\": \"the task imposed on me.\\\" On 7 April 1953, the General Assembly voted 57-1-1 to appoint Dag Hammarskjöld Secretary-General of the United Nations for a 5-year term. The negative vote was from Nationalist China, and the abstention may have been a Latin American country. The Swedish ambassador speculated that tensions with Juan Perón caused Argentina to abstain, but others felt that Uruguay abstained to protest the manner in which Hammarskjöld had been rushed through the Security Council without consulting the non-permanent members. U.S. ambassador Lodge attempted to mollify the Latin American countries by explaining that the nomination had happened so\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20753482\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Hansen (UN)\",\n \"text\": \"he took over the post of Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. During his UN tenure, he has served as Chairman of the Organization's Appointment and Promotion Board and various committees and as the Secretary-General's representative to the World Food Programme. He also served as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee established to follow up the Washington Conference in support of the Middle East peace process. Hansen was appointed Commissioner-General of UNRWA by UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali on January 20, 1996 and took office on March 1, 1996. His term ended on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3883290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Christina Natt och Dag\",\n \"text\": \"Christina Natt och Dag Christina Nilsdotter Natt och Dag (1580-1642) was a Swedish court official. She was the royal governess of queen Christina of Sweden from 1639 until 1642. Christina Natt och Dag was the only daughter of four children to nobleman Nils Nilsson Natt och Dag (1554-1613), chamberlain at the royal court, and Anna Bengtsdotter Gylta (1550-1603). She married royal governor nobleman Holger von Scheiding (1583-1631). Her eldest brother Pehr Nilsson Natt och Dag (1583-1634) was a member of the Council and her middle brother Ivar Nilsson Natt och Dag (1590-1651) was a royal governor. After the death of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20462713\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Elizabeth Alexander (press secretary)\",\n \"text\": \"office to practice law. Alexander was succeeded by Kendra Barkoff, the former Deputy Communications Director and Press Secretary to Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar. Previously, Alexander served as Press Secretary for the United Nations Foundation, creating media campaigns to highlight UN causes around the world. During the 2004 general election campaign, she traveled the country as DNC Chairman Terry McAuliffe's press secretary. During the 2004 primary campaign, she served as Rep. Dick Gephardt's South Carolina press secretary. Prior, Alexander was Rep. Adam Schiff's (D-CA) Communications Director and Deputy Press Secretary for U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY). Alexander is from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13052448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Hareide\",\n \"text\": \"Dag Hareide Dag Hareide (born 24 February 1949) is an organizational leader and author. He was knighted in the First Order of St. Olav by the King of Norway in 2015 for exceptional engagement in social innovation in civil society. He has been director of Rainforest Foundation Norway (2012 - 2015), one of the largest rainforest organizations in the world, Director of Nansen Academy Norway, the Norwegian Humanistic Academy which included the Nansen Center for Peace and Dialogue (2006 - 2012) and of other folk high schools, Chair of Nordic Forum for Mediation and Conflict Management (2002–2006) which gathered conflict\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14411275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eprime Eshag\",\n \"text\": \"to pursue private accountancy work. At around this time he was active in the left-wing Tudeh party. In his work, Eshag was influenced by and supported the work of Joan Robinson, Michal Kalecki as well as J.M. Keynes and was particularly noted for applying his economic knowledge in the context of development. He was appointed by the United Nations (UN) as an Economic Affairs Officer in the UN Secretariat and spent nearly a decade there. His period with the UN ended after a confrontation with UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld over the latter's request that Eshag tone down his critique\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14526312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2004 Republican National Convention protest activity\",\n \"text\": \"People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, a national campaign involving over sixty organizations, held a rally by the United Nations on the Dag Hammarskjold Plaza. Along with many homeless and poor people who have been marching with the PPEHRC through New Jersey and living in a \\\"mobile Bushville\\\" (which settled in Brooklyn a week before the Convention), thousands thronged the streets despite having been denied a permit and marched down Second Avenue and up Eighth Avenue to Madison Square Garden, the police having decided not to stop the protesters. A few troublemakers apparently acting alone disrupted the march towards the end\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3665087\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ny Dag (Norwegian newspaper)\",\n \"text\": \"late 1924. The editor-in-chief Ødegaard initially joined the Communists and remained in \\\"Ny Dag\\\". However, after the Norwegian parliamentary election, 1924 he got cold feet, left \\\"Ny Dag\\\" and rejoined the Labour Party. Reiersen returned as editor. \\\"Ny Dag\\\" came with its last issue on 29 December 1924. It had become indebted, and finally disappeared in 1925. Ny Dag (Norwegian newspaper) Ny Dag (\\\"New Day\\\") was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Gjøvik in Oppland county. \\\"Ny Dag\\\" was started in June 1913 as a Labour Party newspaper. It had no editor-in-chief right from the start, but an editorial committee. Eivind\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14960241\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dag Tønder\",\n \"text\": \"county governor in Finnmark county, Norway. He was serving for the Governor Peder Holt who was serving in the Cabinet of Norway at that time. During his time as acting governor, Tønder was helped found the Sámi language newspaper company . He was the chairman of the company from 15 June 1956 to 29 March 1958. Dag Tønder Dag Tønder (27 June 1907–13 July 1989) was a Norwegian editor, lawyer, and public official. He served for a time as a judge in Vardø. From 1951 to 1955 he was acting county governor in Finnmark county, Norway. Dag Tønder was born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20784977\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["african congo","the kongos","congo (disambiguation)","congo (country)","lower congo","kongo","kongo (disambiguation)","the congo","kongô","congo","congos","kongou"],"string":"[\n \"african congo\",\n \"the kongos\",\n \"congo (disambiguation)\",\n \"congo (country)\",\n \"lower congo\",\n \"kongo\",\n \"kongo (disambiguation)\",\n \"the congo\",\n \"kongô\",\n \"congo\",\n \"congos\",\n \"kongou\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":593,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"what was the autobiography of the first president of non-apartheid south africa called?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"President of South Africa","text":"President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms. The first president to be elected under the","psg_id":"2130857"},{"title":"President of South Africa","text":"and the Tuynhuys in Cape Town. His living residences are Mahlamba Ndlopfu in Pretoria, Genadendal in Cape Town and Dr John L Dube House in Durban. President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections","psg_id":"2130873"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"Rugby World Cup was a powerful boost to post-apartheid South Africa's return to the international sporting scene. Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from","psg_id":"12647328"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from reports in South African newspapers. Being listed did not itself result in any punishment, but was regarded","psg_id":"12647311"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"revoked in 1993, when conciliations for a democratic South Africa were well under way. In the 1960s, the Anti-Apartheid Movement worldwide began to campaign for \"cultural\" boycotts of apartheid South Africa. Artists were requested not to present or let their works be hosted in South Africa. In 1963, 45 British writers put their signatures to an affirmation approving of the boycott, and, in 1964, American actor Marlon Brando called for a similar affirmation for films. In 1965, the Writers' Guild of Great Britain called for a proscription on the sending of films to South Africa. Over sixty American artists signed","psg_id":"12762790"},{"title":"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics","text":"agreed it could not seek readmission to the IOC until apartheid was abolished, negotiations to prepare the way for South Africa's reintegration into world sport proceeded in tandem with the political negotiations to end apartheid. Within South Africa, in each sport there were competing race-specific and multi-racial bodies, which would have to merge into one in order to affiliate into both a nonracial NOC and the IF for its sport. ANOCA took the lead in negotiations in 1990 and early 1991, and an Interim National Olympic Committee of South Africa (INOCSA) was formed with Sam Ramsamy as President. Ramsamy had","psg_id":"17369791"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"1985 Formula One race, some teams in this international motorsport boycotting as part of pressure from their own governments, as part of the mounting pressure against apartheid. South Africa remained a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB) throughout the apartheid era. Halt All Racist Tours was established in New Zealand in 1969 to oppose continued tours to and from South Africa. Apartheid South Africa's last foreign tour was to New Zealand in 1981. This tour was highly controversial due to the difference of opinions. Though contacts were restricted after the Gleneagles Agreement in 1977, there were controversial tours in","psg_id":"12647320"},{"title":"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics","text":"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic Committee (NOC) was expelled from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1970. In 1991, as part of the transition to multiracial equality, a new NOC was formed and admitted to the IOC, and the country competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. All sport in South Africa under apartheid was segregated by race, with separate clubs and governing bodies. Only white bodies were affiliated","psg_id":"17369780"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"aid to RENAMO and having caused the crash using a new advanced electronic beacon capable of luring aircraft into crashing. This was never proven and is still a subject of great controversy. The South African Margo Commission found that the crash was an accident while a Soviet delegation issued a minority report implicating South Africa. Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \"apartheid\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially","psg_id":"12762806"},{"title":"State President of South Africa","text":"office was abolished in 1994, with the end of Apartheid and the transition to democratic majority rule. Since then, the head of state and head of government is known simply as the President of South Africa. Republicanism had long been a plank in the platform of the ruling National Party. However, it was not until 1960, 12 years after it took power, that it was able to hold a referendum on the issue. A narrow majority—52 percent— of the minority white electorate voted in favour of abolishing the monarchy and declaring South Africa a republic. The Republic of South Africa","psg_id":"2287063"},{"title":"President of the Senate of South Africa","text":"President of the Senate of South Africa The President of the Senate presided over the Senate of South Africa, the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa. The President was chosen from among the Senators at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office was vacant. The President acted as a \"referee\", taking charge of debates to make sure that the Senators could participate freely while keeping to the rules. The President also had managerial duties to ensure that Senate runs smoothly. Each political party in the Senate elected a chief whip to run its affairs.","psg_id":"11509138"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"Indians, a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India. In 1952, apartheid was thrashed out again in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign. The UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa. Although racial variance in South Africa was a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was one of South Africa's in-house issues, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction. The UN only became resolute in challenging South Africa afterwards. Separate from the issue of apartheid was a major","psg_id":"12762746"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"Agreement being adopted by the Commonwealth in 1977. The IOC adopted a declaration against \"apartheid in sport\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. The 1934 British Empire Games, originally awarded in 1930 to Johannesburg, was moved to London after the (pre-apartheid) South Africa government refused to allow nonwhite participants. South Africa continued to participate in every Games until it left the Commonwealth in 1961. The Thatcher government's refusal to enforce the Gleneagles Agreement in the UK led Nigeria to initiate a boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, from which 32 of 59 eligible","psg_id":"12647314"},{"title":"Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa","text":"Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993 and through unilateral steps by the de Klerk government. These negotiations took place between the governing National Party, the African National Congress, and a wide variety of other political organisations. Negotiations took place against a backdrop of political violence in the country, including allegations of a state-sponsored third force destabilising the country. The negotiations resulted in South Africa's first non-racial election, which was won by the African National Congress. Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination","psg_id":"7798182"},{"title":"State President of South Africa","text":"in 1961, most non-South African sources had referred to the State President as simply the \"President\". The leader of the African National Congress, Nelson Mandela, was sworn in as President on 10 May 1994. There is one living former South African State President: State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa","psg_id":"2287069"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"end of apartheid, sports rapidly ended their boycotts and South Africa was readmitted in the International sports federations. The European Community announced its member governments' ending of the boycott in June 1991. India, which vehemently opposed South Africa's apartheid policy and was at the forefront of isolating the country internationally at all levels, ended its boycott in 1991 by inviting the South African cricket team to the country for an ODI series and subsequently allowed the Indian cricket team to tour South Africa for a Test and ODI series in late 1992. The country's hosting and winning of the 1995","psg_id":"12647327"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \"apartheid\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially the regime implemented an offensive foreign policy trying to consolidate South African hegemony over Southern Africa. These attempts had clearly failed by the late 1970s. As a result of its racism and foreign interventionism in Angola and the occupation of Namibia, the country became increasingly isolated internationally, with few allies except similarly isolated countries or","psg_id":"12762743"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"would be up to South Africa to keep contact with other African states. However, after the Ogaden War Somalia soon aligned itself with South Africa. Even receiving military aid and volunteers from South Africa to fight the rebels in Somaliland in the mid 1980s. In 1966, BJ Vorster was made South African Prime Minister. He was not about to eliminate apartheid, but he did try to redress South Africa's seclusion and the purported larger mentality. He wanted to perk up the country's global reputation and overseas dealings, even those with black-ruled nations in Africa. This he called his \"Outward-Looking\" policy:","psg_id":"12762766"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"as they were already barred from these by their own government. Sporting seclusion commenced in the mid-1950s and increased through the 1960s. Apartheid forbade multiracial sport, which meant that overseas teams, by virtue of their having players of diverse races, could not play in South Africa. In 1956, the International Table Tennis Federation severed its ties with the all-white South African Table Tennis Union, preferring the non-racial South African Table Tennis Board in its stead. The apartheid government came back by confiscating the passports of the Board's players so that they were unable to attend international games. Other global sports","psg_id":"12762784"},{"title":"National anthem of South Africa","text":"African national anthem has come under criticism for its Afrikaans verse as it originally part of the national anthem of South Africa that was used during the apartheid era, with some calling for the verse to be removed because of this connection. Others defend the inclusion of the verse, pointing out that it is included in large part due to the wishes of the first post-apartheid South African president, Nelson Mandela, who intended its inclusion as a re-conciliatory measure for the post-apartheid future of South Africa. National anthem of South Africa The current national anthem of South Africa was adopted","psg_id":"418210"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"as a moral pressure on athletes. Some sports bodies would discipline athletes based on the register. Athletes could have their names deleted from the register by giving a written undertaking not to return to apartheid South Africa to compete. The register is regarded as having been an effective instrument. The UN General Assembly adopted the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports on 10 December 1985. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) withdrew its invitation to South Africa to the 1964 Summer Olympics when interior minister Jan de Klerk insisted the team would not be racially integrated. In 1968, the IOC was","psg_id":"12647312"},{"title":"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics","text":"been a leading anti-apartheid campaigner and advocate of sports boycotts. In June 1991, the Population Registration Act, 1950, a cornerstone of apartheid legislation, was repealed by the government of F. W. de Klerk, and in July an INOCSA delegation met with the Apartheid and Olympism Commission at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne. The IOC recognised INOCSA on 9 July 1991, such that the \"interim\" was removed from its name (NOCSA). It first competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The official flag of South Africa and national anthem \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" were still the apartheid-era ones, but the","psg_id":"17369792"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"a statement against apartheid and against professional links with the state. The presentation of some South African plays in Britain and America was also vetoed. After the arrival of television in South Africa in 1975, the British Actors Union, \"Equity\", boycotted the service, and no British program concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa. Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions, but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid. These facets of social remoteness from the worldwide hamlet made apartheid a discomfiture and","psg_id":"12762791"},{"title":"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics","text":"Union was not affiliated to the New Zealand Olympic Committee. Of 28 African invitees, 26 boycotted the Games, joined by Iraq and Guyana. South Africa continued to compete at the (Summer) Paralympics until excluded by the Dutch government from the 1980 Games. Parasport had a racially integrated team from 1975. South Africa was expelled from the International Paralympic Committee in 1985. The IOC adopted a declaration against \"apartheid in sport\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. In 1988 the IOC formed the Apartheid and Olympism Commission, including Kevan Gosper, the SCSA, and SANROC. While SANOC","psg_id":"17369790"},{"title":"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics","text":"Olympic team competed under an interim flag and Beethoven's \"Ode to Joy\". Likewise it decided not to use the Springbok emblem or green-and-gold colours of white sports teams. These decisions were unpopular with white South Africans, and as a concession the green-and-gold colours were adopted. NOCSA in 2004 merged with other bodies to form the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC). Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic","psg_id":"17369793"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"the trickier for the apartheid government to uphold itself and its policies. Such sanctions were argued frequently within the UN, and many recognised and backed it as an effectual and non-violent way of applying force, but South Africa's major trading partners once more voted against mandatory sanctions. In 1962, the UN General Assembly requested that its members split political, fiscal and transportation connections with South Africa. In 1968, it suggested the deferral of all cultural, didactic and sporting commerce as well. From 1964, the US and Britain discontinued their dealings of armaments to South Africa. In spite of the many","psg_id":"12762758"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"trade links. Even though India became a republic within the Commonwealth in 1950 it became clear that African and Asian member states would oppose South Africa due to its apartheid policies. As a result, South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth on 31 May 1961, the day that the Republic came into existence. In 1960, the UN's conservative stance on apartheid changed. The Sharpeville massacre had jolted the global neighbourhood, with the apartheid regime showing that it would use violent behaviour to repress opposition to racial inequity. Many Western states began to see apartheid as a possible danger to global harmony,","psg_id":"12762754"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"Africa as a bastion against Marxist forces in Southern Africa. Thatcher declared the ANC a terrorist organisation, and in 1987 her spokesman, Bernard Ingham, famously said that anyone who believed that the ANC would ever form the government of South Africa was \"living in cloud cuckoo land\". By the late 1980s, however, with the tide of the Cold War turning and no sign of a political resolution in South Africa, Western patience with the apartheid government began to run out. By 1989, a bipartisan Republican/Democratic initiative in the US favoured economic sanctions (realised as the \"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act\"), the release","psg_id":"12762797"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"South Africa would look outwards, towards the global neighbourhood, rather than adopting a siege mentality and estranging it. The buzzwords for his strategy were \"dialogue\" and \"détente\", signifying arbitration and reduction of pressure. Following the Soweto Uprising in 1976 and its brutal suppression by the apartheid regime, the arms embargo was made mandatory by the UN Security Council on 4 November 1977 and South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally, with tough economic sanctions weighing heavily. Not all countries imposed or fully supported the sanctions, however; instead, they continued to benefit from trade with apartheid South Africa. During the 1980s, though,","psg_id":"12762767"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"for sanctions, Britain remained unwilling to sever her ties with the apartheid administration. Possible reasons were her copious assets in the state, an unwillingness to hazard turbulence brought on by intercontinental meddling, and the fact that many British people had kith and kin living in South Africa or, indeed, were living there themselves. Along with America, Britain would persistently vote against certain sanctions against South Africa. However, there was significant and notable resistance to apartheid within the United Kingdom, such as the Anti-Apartheid Movement. \"\" is a 2012 book documenting assistance given to the ANC from activists in the UK.","psg_id":"12762776"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"first and most successful official stopover in South Africa. Associations with Mozambique followed suit and were sustained after that country won its sovereignty in 1975. Angola was also granted South African loans. Other countries which formed relationships with South Africa were Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Mauritius, Gabon, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Ghana and the Central African Republic. These African states criticised apartheid (more than ever after South Africa's denunciation of the Lusaka Manifesto), but fiscal reliance on South Africa, together with fear of her armed potency, resulted in their forming the aforementioned ties. The \"Outward Looking\"","psg_id":"12762772"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"principle had a significant consequence for South Africa's relationships with Western nations. When Vorster brought forth his strategy, it appeared to them that South Africa might be loosening her grip. At the same time, the West regarded the apartheid administration as a significant friend in the Cold War. Economically, such nations as Britain and America had numerous concerns in South Africa, and, although they did not endorse apartheid, these concerns led them to a more moderate stance on the country and to vote against financial sanctions against her at UN conferences. When South Africa pulled out of the Commonwealth in","psg_id":"12762773"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"tours in the 1980s. Participants in the latter were banned by their national federations upon returning. World Series Cricket, run outside the auspices of the ICC in 1977–79, included South African players in its \"Rest of the World\" team. In the World Cup, the Greek government banned South Africa from the 1979 competition in Athens. South Africa competed in the 1980 edition in Bogota. The prospect of their appearing in the 1981 edition, due to be staged at Waterville in Ireland, caused it to be cancelled. South Africa did not reappear until the post-apartheid era in 1992. South African golfers","psg_id":"12647318"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"provided military support for the ANC and PAC. It was more difficult, though, for neighbouring states such as Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, because they were economically dependent on South Africa. Still, they did feed the struggle underground. Ordinary people in foreign countries did much in protest against the apartheid government, too. The British Anti-Apartheid Movement was one of these, organising boycotts against South African sports teams, South African products such as wine and fruit, and British companies that traded with or in South Africa. Other organisations were formed to prevent musicians and the like from coming into the country, and","psg_id":"12762793"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC) was set up. The Anti-Apartheid Movement persisted in its campaign for South Africa's exclusion, and the IOC acceded in barring the country from the 1964 Games in Tokyo. South Africa selected a multi-racial side for the next Games, and the IOC opted to incorporate her in the 1968 Games in Mexico. Because of protests from AAMs and African nations, however, the IOC was forced to retract the invitation, along with one for Rhodesia. Foreign complaints about South Africa's bigoted sports brought more isolation. In 1960, Verwoerd barred a Māori rugby player from touring","psg_id":"12762786"},{"title":"Culture of South Africa","text":"place in Afrikaans as well. There are also a large number of other educational institutions in South Africa – some are local campuses of foreign universities, some conduct classes for students who write their exams at the distance-education University of South Africa and some offer unaccredited or non-accredited diplomas. \"See: List of universities in South Africa; List of post secondary institutions in South Africa; \" Public expenditure on education was at 6.1% of the 2016 GDP. Under apartheid, schools for blacks were subject to discrimination through inadequate funding and a separate syllabus called \"Bantu Education\" which was only designed to","psg_id":"2293163"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"had been powerless to effect a concurrence with Prime Minister Verwoerd. That same year, Verwoerd proclaimed South Africa's extraction from the Commonwealth as a result of its censure of his government. On 6 November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, condemning South African apartheid policies. On 7 August 1963 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 181 calling for a voluntary arms embargo against South Africa, and that very year, a Special Committee Against Apartheid was established to encourage and oversee plans of action against the regime. In 1966, the United Nations held the first (of many)","psg_id":"12762756"},{"title":"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa","text":"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of the South African population classified as Black, 9% as White, 9% as Coloured, and 2% as Indian/Asian. Under apartheid, Whites held almost all political power in South Africa, with other races almost completely marginalised from the political process. While the end of apartheid","psg_id":"11614215"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"let go of the mandate, and, in 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia requested that the International Court of Justice announce that South Africa's management of South West Africa was illegitimate. They argued that South Africa was bringing apartheid to South-West Africa, too. South Africa was formally accused of maladministration, and the lawsuit, commencing in November 1960, lasted almost six years. The International Court's verdict astonished the UN: it ruled that Liberia and Ethiopia had no right to take issue with South Africa's deeds in South-West Africa. The Court did not, however, pass judgement on whether or not South Africa still had","psg_id":"12762750"},{"title":"History of South Africa","text":"the next general election. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. History of South Africa The first humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. The historical record of this ethnically diverse country is generally divided into five distinct periods: the pre-colonial era, the colonial era, the post-colonial and apartheid eras, and the post-apartheid era. Much of this history, particularly of the colonial and post-colonial eras, is characterised by clashes of culture, violent territorial disputes between European settlers and indigenous","psg_id":"750577"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"were all opposed to apartheid, many were economically dependent on South Africa. In 1980, they formed the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), the aim of which was to promote economic development in the region and hence reduce dependence on South Africa. Furthermore, many SADCC members also allowed the exiled ANC and PAC to establish bases in their countries. Other African countries also contributed to the fall of apartheid. In 1978, Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games because New Zealand's sporting contacts with the South African government were not considered to be in accordance with the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement. Nigeria also","psg_id":"12762803"},{"title":"History of South Africa","text":"the establishment of so-called \"homelands\" or \"reserves\". It authorised the forced evictions of thousands of African people from urban centres in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) to what became described colloquially as \"Bantustans\" or the \"original homes\", as they were officially referred to, of the black tribes of South Africa. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. Apartheid apologists attempted to justify the \"homelands\" policy by citing the 1947 partition of India, when the British had done","psg_id":"750544"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"Palme made the keynote address to the \"Swedish People's Parliament Against Apartheid\" held in Stockholm. In addressing the hundreds of anti-apartheid sympathisers as well as leaders and officials from the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movement such as Oliver Tambo, Palme said Apartheid needed to be abolished, not reformed. Other Western countries adopted a more ambivalent position. In the 1980s, both the Reagan and Thatcher administrations in the USA and UK followed a 'constructive engagement' policy with the apartheid government, vetoing the imposition of UN economic sanctions on South Africa, as they both fiercely believed in free trade and saw South","psg_id":"12762796"},{"title":"First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa","text":"First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa The First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made changes related to the oath of office of the Acting President and to the jurisdiction of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, and signed by President Mandela on 28 August 1997. However it was deemed to come into effect retroactively, from 4 February 1997, the date when the constitution itself came into force. The Act made three technical modifications to the Constitution: This last change allowed the TRC to deal with various violent events,","psg_id":"13888994"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"concurrences with the UN over their management of the mandates. South Africa, however, refused to play ball, declining to allow the territory to move towards independence. The NP government argued that, for a quarter of a century, South-West Africa had been directed as a piece of South Africa, and the preponderance of South-West Africans wanted to become South Africans anyway. Instead, South-West Africa was treated as a \"de facto\" \"fifth province\" of the Union. The South African government turned this mandate arrangement into a military occupation, and extended apartheid to South-West Africa. The UN attempted to compel South Africa to","psg_id":"12762749"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"In 1995, during his official state visit to the UK, Nelson Mandela appeared on the balcony of High Commission of South Africa, London to thank supporters in the UK. The High Commission had been a constant target of protests during apartheid. South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994, albeit, as a Commonwealth republic and not a realm. At the outset of apartheid, the United States avoided serious criticism of South Africa's racial policies in part because several U.S. states, especially in the Deep South, had similar policies under the Jim Crow laws. Following the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, however, the country","psg_id":"12762777"},{"title":"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa","text":"the African continent. The same report lists the biggest obstacle to doing business as an \"Inadequately educated workforce\". Education, therefore, remains one of the poorest areas of performance in post-apartheid South Africa and one of the biggest causes of continued inequality and poverty. Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of","psg_id":"11614230"},{"title":"1992 South African apartheid referendum","text":"multi-racial elections, which resulted in a huge victory for the African National Congress and made Nelson Mandela the first black President of South Africa. 1992 South African apartheid referendum A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948. The result of the election was a large victory for the","psg_id":"6931306"},{"title":"Disinvestment from South Africa","text":"Disinvestment from South Africa Disinvestment (or divestment) from South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s, in protest of South Africa's system of apartheid, but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. The disinvestment campaign, after being realized in federal legislation enacted in 1986 by the United States, is credited by some as pressuring the South African Government to embark on negotiations ultimately leading to the dismantling of the Apartheid system. In November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, a non-binding resolution establishing the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid and called for imposing","psg_id":"10348199"},{"title":"Department of Social Development (South Africa)","text":"Department of Social Development (South Africa) The Department of Social Development (DSD) of South Africa is a government department responsible for providing social development, protection, and welfare services to the public. Previously called the Department of Welfare, it was renamed in July 2000. The current Minister of Social Development is Susan Shabangu. The first Department was established in 1937, to regulate and subsidise existing private, non-governmental welfare services, while providing some additional services. The 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare noted that post-Apartheid South Africa had inherited social welfare programmes which were “not considered to be critical social investment priorities","psg_id":"20138823"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"sufferers. The Organisation for African Unity (OAU) was created in 1963. Its primary objectives were to eradicate colonialism and improve social, political and economic situations in Africa. It censured apartheid and demanded sanctions against South Africa. African states swore to aid the freedom movements in their fights against apartheid. In April 1969, fourteen autonomous nations from Central and East Africa gathered in Lusaka, Zambia, to argue about various African matters. The assembly formulated the 'Lusaka Manifesto', which was signed on 13 April by all of the countries in attendance, except for Malawi. This manifesto was later taken on by both","psg_id":"12762760"},{"title":"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa","text":"allowed equal rights for all South Africans regardless of race, modern-day South Africa struggles to correct the social inequalities created by decades of apartheid. Despite a rising GDP, indices for poverty, unemployment, income inequality, life expectancy, land ownership, have declined due to the increase in population; with the end of the apartheid system in South Africa leaving the country socio-economically stratified by race. Subsequent government policies have sought to correct inequity with varying amounts of success. Many of the inequalities created and enforced by apartheid still remain in South Africa today. Income inequality has worsened since the end of apartheid,","psg_id":"11614216"},{"title":"President of South Africa","text":"and dominions who have adopted a parliamentary republican form of government and those that follow the Westminster system, South Africa's President is both head of state and head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Contrary to presidential systems around the world, the President of South Africa is elected by the Parliament of South Africa rather than by the people directly. He is thus answerable to it in theory and able to influence legislation in practice as head of the majority party (presently the ANC). The President is elected at the first sitting of Parliament","psg_id":"2130862"},{"title":"Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa","text":"Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others is an important case in South African law, heard in the Constitutional Court (CC) on 19 February 2008, with judgment handed down on 2 October. The judges were Langa CJ, O'Regan ADCJ, Madala J, Mokgoro J, Ngcobo J, Nkabinde J, Skweyiya J (who composed the majority judgment), Van Der Westhuizen J, Yacoob J, Jafta AJ and Kroon AJ. Counsel for the applicant was G. Budlender. There was no appearance for the first respondent, but Wim Trengrove SC (with A. Cockerell)","psg_id":"16560226"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"decided to let a tournament between the United States and South Africa take place in Newport Beach, California in April 1977 in spite of backlash from African nations and protesters due to the apartheid regime. When protesters ran on the court during the match, Tony Trabert, the U.S. manager, \"hit two protestors with a racket\" according to \"The Washington Post\". Hester also let another Davis Cup tournament take place at Vanderbilt University's Memorial Gymnasium in Nashville, Tennessee in March 1978 despite protests from civil rights leaders. Hester explained, \"We do not support or agree with the apartheid policy of the","psg_id":"12647324"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"1961, the United Kingdom led resistance to calls for punitive monetary and trade sanctions. It had many key trade links and, in particular, needed South Africa's gold. There were also strategic motives for not severing all ties with the apartheid government. As the southernmost nation in Africa, and the juncture of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, South Africa was still a vital point in sea-trade routes. In 1969, the Commandant General of the South African Defence Force (SADF) confirmed that, \"[i]n the entire ocean expanse from Australia to South America, South Africa is the only fixed point offering modern naval","psg_id":"12762774"},{"title":"President of South Africa","text":"powers of his or her office while within the Republic of South Africa. Should the president be outside of the country, or unable to fulfil the duties of the office, they may appoint an acting president. The presidential vacancy should be filled first by the Deputy President, then cabinet minister selected by the President, then a cabinet minister selected by the cabinet, and finally by the Speaker of the National Assembly. The President is the head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic of South Africa. The rights, responsibilities and remuneration of the","psg_id":"2130867"},{"title":"Order of the Star of South Africa","text":"Order of the Star of South Africa The Order of the Star of South Africa is a South African National Order that consisted of seven decorations in two military and five non-military classes. The order was discontinued on 2 December 2002. The Order of the Star of South Africa was instituted by the Republic of South Africa on 1 July 1975. The decorations of the order were awarded by the State President and, from 1994, the President of South Africa to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force for services concerning national defence and security. It replaced","psg_id":"9719785"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"began to stand up against apartheid. In 1971, Vorster altered his policies even further by distinguishing multiracial from multinational sport. Multiracial sport, between teams with players of different races, remained outlawed; multinational sport, however, was now acceptable: international sides would not be subject to South Africa's racial stipulations. International censure of segregated sport and calls for sporting sanctions persisted. The UN would continue to hold them against South Africa until the end of apartheid. These measures did not bring an end to international sport for South African teams, but they added very much to the country's seclusion. The bans were","psg_id":"12762789"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"colloquiums on apartheid. The General Assembly announced 21 March as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the Sharpeville bloodbath. In 1971, the UN General Assembly formally denounced the institution of homelands, and a motion was passed in 1974 to eject South Africa from the UN, but this was discarded by France, Britain and the United States of America, all of them key trade associates of South Africa. One probable type of action against South Africa was economic sanction. If UN affiliates broke fiscal and trading links with the country, it would make it all","psg_id":"12762757"},{"title":"Star of South Africa, Gold","text":"the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) after the end of apartheid. The Star of South Africa, Gold, post-nominal letters SSA, was instituted by the State President on 1 July 1975, as the senior decoration of two military classes of the Order of the Star of South Africa. The Order was named after the first large diamond to be found in South Africa, the Star of South Africa, which was found on the banks of the Orange River in 1869 and which sparked the New Rush, leading to the establishment of Kimberley. The Order of the Star of South Africa","psg_id":"18075379"},{"title":"Prime Minister of South Africa","text":"He was the country's leading political figure and \"de facto\" chief executive, with powers similar to those of his British counterpart. The position of Prime Minister was abolished in 1984, when the State President was given executive powers after a new constitution was adopted—effectively merging the powers of the Prime Minister with those of the State President. The last Prime Minister, P. W. Botha, became the first executive State President after the constitutional reform. In post-Apartheid South Africa, the Inkatha Freedom Party has called for a return to a Westminster-style split executive with a Prime Minister as the actual head","psg_id":"2090697"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"In 1971, Israel offered $2,850 in aid to the Organisation of African Unity. The aid was rejected, but the offer caused tension between South African Jews and their government. After the 1967 Six-Day War, however, Israel largely cut off humanitarian aid to Sub-Saharan Africa and became Pretoria's strategic partner, establishing strong economic and military relations with the 1975 Israel–South Africa Agreement, which included alleged nuclear collaboration. While some countries and organisations, like the Swiss-South African Association, supported the Apartheid government, most of the international community isolated South Africa. One of the primary means for the international community to show its","psg_id":"12762782"},{"title":"President of South Africa","text":"African War. The Union of South Africa, a British Dominion, was established on 31 May 1910 with the British monarch as titular head of state, represented by a viceroy, the Governor-General. Upon the declaration of the Republic of South Africa on 31 May 1961, the office of State President was created. It was originally a ceremonial post, but became an executive post in 1984 when a new constitution abolished the post of Prime Minister and transferred its powers to the State President. South Africa has an almost unique system for the election of its president. Unlike other former British colonies","psg_id":"2130861"},{"title":"History of the South Africa national rugby union team","text":"History of the South Africa national rugby union team The History of the South Africa national rugby union team dates back to 1891, when the British Lions first toured South Africa where they played against South African representative sides. The South Africa national rugby union team played few international matches during a period of international sanctions due to apartheid. Since the end of apartheid in 1990–91, South Africa has once again fully participated in international rugby. The most iconic moment in South Africa rugby history is when South Africa hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Nelson Mandela","psg_id":"18675466"},{"title":"Flag of South Africa","text":"were also found in the old flag of South Africa. Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994, stated in his autobiography, \"The Last Trek: a New Beginning\", that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners would have preferred). The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse","psg_id":"901613"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"though both later became naturalised US citizens. Some elite South African sportspeople competed internationally for another country, after becoming eligible through naturalization, length of residency, or other criteria applicable by the relevant IF. Examples include runner Zola Budd, whose UK nationality application was fast-tracked in time for the 1984 Summer Olympics; and cricketer Kepler Wessels, who acquired Australian eligibility in the 1980s through residency, before returning to South Africa, for whom he played after the end of apartheid. The 1994 film \"Muriel's Wedding\" recounts a fictional 1980s Australian's sham marriage to a South African swimmer seeking Olympic eligibility. With the","psg_id":"12647326"},{"title":"President of South Africa","text":"established by Chapter Five of the Constitution of South Africa which was formed by a Constituent Assembly upon the dissolution of apartheid as state policy. A number of manifestations of the office have existed. Aspects of these offices exist within the presidency today. The executive leadership of the British colonies of Natal and of the Cape of Good Hope were invested in their Governors, likewise was invested in the Presidents of the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Alternating sovereignty as a result of wars culminated in the Vereeniging Treaty signed in which concluded the South","psg_id":"2130860"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"South Africa finally signed the agreement that granted the country its independence. The UN allowed the South African government back in 1994, however the South African government had to first show that they had undertaken certain measures to get rid of the racial judgement. Soon after the South African government created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was supposed to aid the transition from Apartheid to Democracy. South Africa's policies were subject to international scrutiny in 1960, when British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan criticised them during his celebrated Wind of Change speech in Cape Town. Weeks later, tensions came to","psg_id":"12762752"},{"title":"Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations","text":"Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations Republic of the Congo – South Africa relations refers to the historical relationship between the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Republic of South Africa. The Republic of the Congo was active in opposing apartheid South Africa. In November 1981, the then People's Republic of the Congo hosted a conference entitled \"Apartheid and health\", which discussed the health implications of racial discrimination and social inequality. In December 1988, representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa signed the Brazzaville Protocol which mandated the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola, paving the way for Namibia's","psg_id":"13912978"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"contributor to the political reforms leading to the end of Apartheid. The analysis concluded that in many instances sanctions undermined effective reform forces, such as the changing economic and social order within South Africa. Furthermore, it was argued that forces encouraging economic growth and development resulted in a more international and liberal outlook amongst South Africans, and were far more powerful agents of reform than sanctions. While international opposition to apartheid grew, the Nordic countries in particular provided both moral and financial support for the ANC. On 21 February 1986– a week before he was murdered– Sweden's prime minister Olof","psg_id":"12762795"},{"title":"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa","text":"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid era. It also participates in both national and provincial traditional leaders' gatherings to garner support for legislation from non-Contralesa members. Contralesa has frequently","psg_id":"16502651"},{"title":"National Interfaith Council of South Africa","text":"National Interfaith Council of South Africa The National Interfaith Council of South Africa (NICSA) is a co-operative interfaith religious body in South Africa formed by the merger of the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) and the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC). The National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) interfaith body was formed in post-apartheid South Africa. When President Jacob Zuma took office in 2009, Pastor Ray McCauley of Rhema Bible Church formed a new interfaith organization called the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC) which subsequently merged with the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) to form NICSA in 2011. NICSA comprises members","psg_id":"16913474"},{"title":"State President of South Africa","text":"State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa was accordingly abolished. From 1961 to 1984, the post was largely ceremonial. After constitutional reforms enacted in 1983 and taking effect in 1984, the State President became an executive post, and its holder was both head of state and head of government. The","psg_id":"2287062"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"aversion to apartheid was to boycott South Africa in a variety of spheres of multinational life. Economic and military sanctions were among these, but cultural and sporting boycotts also found their way in. South Africa, in this way, was cut off from the rest of the globe. It also awakened the South African community to the opinions of other countries. Despite financial shunning causing significant harm to black South Africans, the ANC proclaimed it as an essential means of achieving liberty. Cultural and sporting boycotts, on the other hand, did not have a negative effect on the lives of blacks,","psg_id":"12762783"},{"title":"Politics of South Africa","text":"Party, which both introduced and ended apartheid through its predecessor the National Party, disbanded in 2005 to merge with the ANC. Jacob Zuma served as President of South Africa since May 9, 2009 until his resignation in February 2018. Zuma was replaced by Cyril Ramaphosa. The country's next general election will be held in 2019. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated South Africa as \"flawed democracy\" in 2016. South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, wherein the President of South Africa, elected by parliament, is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the","psg_id":"363401"},{"title":"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa","text":"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration and Conditions of Employment Act, 1989, was brought by Kathy Satchwell, an openly lesbian judge of the Transvaal Provincial Division (now known as the Gauteng Division) of the High Court. The court ruled unanimously that the law","psg_id":"15803140"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"flashpoints throughout Southern Africa. This developed into a conventional war between South Africa and UNITA on one side against the Angolan government, the Cubans, the Soviets and SWAPO on the other side. By 1980, as international opinion turned decisively against the apartheid regime, the government and much of the white population increasingly looked upon the country as a bastion besieged by communism and radical black nationalists. Considerable effort was put into circumventing sanctions, and the government even went so far as to develop nuclear weapons, allegedly with the help of Israel. South Africa is the only country to date to","psg_id":"12762799"},{"title":"Workers Party of South Africa","text":"Workers Party of South Africa The Workers Party of South Africa (WPSA) was the first Trotskyist organisation in South Africa to have a national base. It published a regular newspaper, \"Spark\". The party was founded in 1935 by the majority of the Cape Town-based Lenin Club and the Johannesburg-based Bolshevik-Leninist League of South Africa. Founding members included Isaac Bangani Tabata, Dora Taylor, Ralph Lee and Isaac Blank (later known as Ted Grant). Its first initiative was to intervene in the All African Convention, called to oppose the Hertzog Bills, which aimed to complete the implementation of apartheid in the nation.","psg_id":"9165001"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"led the 32-nation boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher's ambivalent attitude towards sporting links with South Africa, significantly affecting the quality and profitability of the Games and thus thrusting apartheid into the international spotlight. South Africa had a policy to attack terrorist bases in neighbouring countries. These attacks were mainly aimed at ANC, PAC and SWAPO guerrilla-bases and safe houses in retaliation for acts of terror – like bomb explosions, massacres and guerrilla actions (like sabotage) by ANC, PAC and Swapo guerrillas in South Africa and Namibia. The country also aided organisations in","psg_id":"12762804"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"the number of countries opposing South Africa increased, and the economy came under tremendous strain. Vorster's attitude towards other African countries was not so much a modification of strategy as a continuance of Verwoerd's approach. Vorster's forerunner had already become aware of the fact that cordial dealings with as many black states as possible was of paramount importance. As more and more African states acquired statehood from their colonial rulers, bitterness towards the South African apartheid system increased. If South Africa did not wish to become completely cut off from the rest of the African continent, she had to sustain","psg_id":"12762768"},{"title":"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa","text":"Conditions of Employment Act, 2001) had been passed and, due to a drafting error, still included the former discriminatory language. The Constitutional Court granted an order applying the reasoning of its earlier ruling to the new act. Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration","psg_id":"15803142"},{"title":"Deputy President of South Africa","text":"Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is constitutionally required to \"assist the President in the execution of the functions of government\", and may be assigned any government portfolio by presidential proclamation. The Deputy President performs the duties of the President of South Africa when the President is outside the country's borders, unable to fulfill the duties of the office, or when the Presidency is vacant. Under the interim constitution (valid from 1994","psg_id":"5369756"},{"title":"History of South Africa","text":"British rule), and became an official law of segregation when South Africa became a republic (it was an extension of segregationist legislation enacted in 1960). On 27 April 1994, after decades of armed struggle and international opposition to apartheid, during which military and political support was provided primarily by the Soviet Union to the non-racial African National Congress (ANC), the ANC achieved victory in the country's first democratic election in which all races could vote. Since then, the African National Congress has dominated the politics of South Africa, in an uneasy alliance with the South African Communist Party and the","psg_id":"750450"},{"title":"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era","text":"1980 by the British Lions and by France, in 1981 by Ireland, and in 1984 by England. In 1986, though a Lions tour was cancelled, South Africans played in all-star matches in Cardiff and in London marking the IRB centenary. South Africa was excluded from the first two Rugby World Cups, in 1987 and 1991. South Africa was suspended from FIFA in 1963. Stanley Rous, FIFA's President, went to negotiate its reinstatement. The South African FA proposed entering an all-white team in the 1966 World Cup and an all-black team in the 1970 World Cup. This proposal was rejected. The","psg_id":"12647321"},{"title":"Academic boycott of South Africa","text":"\"symbolic gesture of support\" for anti-apartheid efforts rather than a direct influencer of the situation. Additionally, the academic boycott was perceived by the targets of the boycott, South Africa scholars, as unjust and discriminatory. The African National Congress first called for an academic boycott to protest South African apartheid in 1958 in Ghana. The call was repeated the following year in London. In 1965, 496 university professors and lecturers from 34 British universities signed the following declaration in protest against apartheid and violations of academic freedom. They referred to the bans against Jack Simons and Eddie Roux, two well-known progressive","psg_id":"8210820"},{"title":"South Africa at the Olympics","text":"South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in 1990, the nation re-joined the Olympic movement. The South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee was created in 1991, and South Africa returned to the Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics (and the 1992 Summer","psg_id":"9410030"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"were most trying for sports and culture fans. These boycotts effectively egged on little changes to apartheid policy, and corroded white South Africans' dedication to it. Numerous conferences were held and the United Nations passed resolutions condemning South Africa, including the World Conference Against Racism in 1978 and 1983. A significant divestment movement started, pressuring investors to refuse to invest in South African companies or companies that did business with South Africa. South African sports teams were barred from participation in international events, and South African culture and tourism were boycotted. Countries such as Zambia, Tanzania and the Soviet Union","psg_id":"12762792"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"countries facing allegations of human rights and foreign intervention, such as Israel, Taiwan, Indonesia, Morocco, and Chile, until apartheid was ended and racial equality introduced in the early 1990s. In the after-effects of World War II, the Western world quickly switched from ideas of racial dominance and policies based on racial prejudice. Racially discriminative and segregationist principles were not novelties in South Africa. From unification in 1910, the state had been run by the white minority and pursued segregation. Apartheid was a certified, lawful and inflexible type of separation that was methodically entrenched from 1948 through a battery of legislation.","psg_id":"12762744"},{"title":"1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America","text":"South Africans from visiting Argentina in protest at the South African government's apartheid policies and the internationals were re-arranged for Uruguay and Chile. The South American side was composed entirely of Argentine players. South Africa's touring party included Errol Tobias, the first non-white player to represent the Springboks. 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America The 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America was a series of six matches played by the South Africa national rugby union team (the Springboks) in Paraguay, Uruguay and Chile in October 1980. The South Africa team won all six of","psg_id":"17096649"},{"title":"Politics of South Africa","text":"Politics of South Africa The Republic of South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The President of South Africa serves both as head of state and as head of government. The President is elected by the National Assembly (the lower house of the South African Parliament) and must retain the confidence of the Assembly in order to remain in office. South Africans also elect provincial legislatures which govern each of the country's nine provinces. Since the end of apartheid in 1994 the African National Congress (ANC) has dominated South Africa's politics. The ANC is the ruling party in the","psg_id":"363399"},{"title":"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid","text":"as the policy caused much intercontinental abrasion over human-rights violation. In April 1960, the Security Council of the UN settled for the first time on concerted action against the apartheid regime, demanding that the NP bring an end to racial separation and discrimination; but, instead, the South African administration merely employed further suppressive instruments. The ANC and PAC were forbidden from continued existence, and political assemblies were prohibited. From then on, the UN placed the South African issue high on its list of priorities. In 1961, UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld stopped over in South Africa and subsequently stated that he","psg_id":"12762755"},{"title":"South Africa at the Olympics","text":"Paralympics). South Africa also participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 1960, and since 1994. South African athletes have won a total of 86 medals, with athletics, boxing, and swimming as the top medal-producing sports. South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in","psg_id":"9410031"},{"title":"1990 in South Africa","text":"traveled to England to thank the people for their support in the campaign to free him. South Africa withdrew its troops from Namibia, which was granted independence. 1990 also saw marches in support and against the formation of a new post-Apartheid South Africa. 1990 in South Africa 1990 in South Africa saw the official start of the process of ending Apartheid. President of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk announced plans to end apartheid. President De Klerk unbanned organisations that were banned by the government including the African National Congress, the South African Communist Party and the Pan Africanist Congress. The","psg_id":"4667698"},{"title":"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa","text":"made comments pursuant to Contralesa's attempt. Contralesa and Holomisa's comments were criticized by the Democratic Alliance and constitutional law scholar Pierre de Vos. Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid","psg_id":"16502653"},{"title":"Freedom Day (South Africa)","text":"Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever. It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public","psg_id":"4962614"},{"title":"Freedom Day (South Africa)","text":"beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future. Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South","psg_id":"4962616"},{"title":"Music in the movement against apartheid","text":"examples of music in the movement against apartheid. Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid,","psg_id":"19994302"},{"title":"Constitution of South Africa","text":"were replaced by an executive State President. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 or Interim Constitution was introduced at the end of apartheid to govern the period of transition. It introduced universal adult suffrage, constitutional supremacy and a bill of rights. Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by","psg_id":"2558828"},{"title":"Deputy President of South Africa","text":"excluding the President' by the National Assembly, or a newly elected President's assumption of office. Presumably, a statement of resignation would also be sufficient to end a Deputy President's term of office. Depending on the extent of any informal roles and functions of the Deputy President depend on the specific relationship between the president and deputy president, but often the roles include tasks like:
Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is","psg_id":"5369759"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms. The first president to be elected under the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130857\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"and the Tuynhuys in Cape Town. His living residences are Mahlamba Ndlopfu in Pretoria, Genadendal in Cape Town and Dr John L Dube House in Durban. President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"Rugby World Cup was a powerful boost to post-apartheid South Africa's return to the international sporting scene. Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \\\"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\\\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \\\"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\\\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from reports in South African newspapers. Being listed did not itself result in any punishment, but was regarded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"revoked in 1993, when conciliations for a democratic South Africa were well under way. In the 1960s, the Anti-Apartheid Movement worldwide began to campaign for \\\"cultural\\\" boycotts of apartheid South Africa. Artists were requested not to present or let their works be hosted in South Africa. In 1963, 45 British writers put their signatures to an affirmation approving of the boycott, and, in 1964, American actor Marlon Brando called for a similar affirmation for films. In 1965, the Writers' Guild of Great Britain called for a proscription on the sending of films to South Africa. Over sixty American artists signed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"agreed it could not seek readmission to the IOC until apartheid was abolished, negotiations to prepare the way for South Africa's reintegration into world sport proceeded in tandem with the political negotiations to end apartheid. Within South Africa, in each sport there were competing race-specific and multi-racial bodies, which would have to merge into one in order to affiliate into both a nonracial NOC and the IF for its sport. ANOCA took the lead in negotiations in 1990 and early 1991, and an Interim National Olympic Committee of South Africa (INOCSA) was formed with Sam Ramsamy as President. Ramsamy had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"1985 Formula One race, some teams in this international motorsport boycotting as part of pressure from their own governments, as part of the mounting pressure against apartheid. South Africa remained a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB) throughout the apartheid era. Halt All Racist Tours was established in New Zealand in 1969 to oppose continued tours to and from South Africa. Apartheid South Africa's last foreign tour was to New Zealand in 1981. This tour was highly controversial due to the difference of opinions. Though contacts were restricted after the Gleneagles Agreement in 1977, there were controversial tours in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647320\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic Committee (NOC) was expelled from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1970. In 1991, as part of the transition to multiracial equality, a new NOC was formed and admitted to the IOC, and the country competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. All sport in South Africa under apartheid was segregated by race, with separate clubs and governing bodies. Only white bodies were affiliated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"aid to RENAMO and having caused the crash using a new advanced electronic beacon capable of luring aircraft into crashing. This was never proven and is still a subject of great controversy. The South African Margo Commission found that the crash was an accident while a Soviet delegation issued a minority report implicating South Africa. Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \\\"apartheid\\\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762806\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"office was abolished in 1994, with the end of Apartheid and the transition to democratic majority rule. Since then, the head of state and head of government is known simply as the President of South Africa. Republicanism had long been a plank in the platform of the ruling National Party. However, it was not until 1960, 12 years after it took power, that it was able to hold a referendum on the issue. A narrow majority—52 percent— of the minority white electorate voted in favour of abolishing the monarchy and declaring South Africa a republic. The Republic of South Africa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2287063\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of the Senate of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"President of the Senate of South Africa The President of the Senate presided over the Senate of South Africa, the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa. The President was chosen from among the Senators at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office was vacant. The President acted as a \\\"referee\\\", taking charge of debates to make sure that the Senators could participate freely while keeping to the rules. The President also had managerial duties to ensure that Senate runs smoothly. Each political party in the Senate elected a chief whip to run its affairs.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11509138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Indians, a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India. In 1952, apartheid was thrashed out again in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign. The UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa. Although racial variance in South Africa was a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was one of South Africa's in-house issues, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction. The UN only became resolute in challenging South Africa afterwards. Separate from the issue of apartheid was a major\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"Agreement being adopted by the Commonwealth in 1977. The IOC adopted a declaration against \\\"apartheid in sport\\\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. The 1934 British Empire Games, originally awarded in 1930 to Johannesburg, was moved to London after the (pre-apartheid) South Africa government refused to allow nonwhite participants. South Africa continued to participate in every Games until it left the Commonwealth in 1961. The Thatcher government's refusal to enforce the Gleneagles Agreement in the UK led Nigeria to initiate a boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, from which 32 of 59 eligible\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993 and through unilateral steps by the de Klerk government. These negotiations took place between the governing National Party, the African National Congress, and a wide variety of other political organisations. Negotiations took place against a backdrop of political violence in the country, including allegations of a state-sponsored third force destabilising the country. The negotiations resulted in South Africa's first non-racial election, which was won by the African National Congress. Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7798182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"in 1961, most non-South African sources had referred to the State President as simply the \\\"President\\\". The leader of the African National Congress, Nelson Mandela, was sworn in as President on 10 May 1994. There is one living former South African State President: State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2287069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"end of apartheid, sports rapidly ended their boycotts and South Africa was readmitted in the International sports federations. The European Community announced its member governments' ending of the boycott in June 1991. India, which vehemently opposed South Africa's apartheid policy and was at the forefront of isolating the country internationally at all levels, ended its boycott in 1991 by inviting the South African cricket team to the country for an ODI series and subsequently allowed the Indian cricket team to tour South Africa for a Test and ODI series in late 1992. The country's hosting and winning of the 1995\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \\\"apartheid\\\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially the regime implemented an offensive foreign policy trying to consolidate South African hegemony over Southern Africa. These attempts had clearly failed by the late 1970s. As a result of its racism and foreign interventionism in Angola and the occupation of Namibia, the country became increasingly isolated internationally, with few allies except similarly isolated countries or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762743\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"would be up to South Africa to keep contact with other African states. However, after the Ogaden War Somalia soon aligned itself with South Africa. Even receiving military aid and volunteers from South Africa to fight the rebels in Somaliland in the mid 1980s. In 1966, BJ Vorster was made South African Prime Minister. He was not about to eliminate apartheid, but he did try to redress South Africa's seclusion and the purported larger mentality. He wanted to perk up the country's global reputation and overseas dealings, even those with black-ruled nations in Africa. This he called his \\\"Outward-Looking\\\" policy:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762766\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"as they were already barred from these by their own government. Sporting seclusion commenced in the mid-1950s and increased through the 1960s. Apartheid forbade multiracial sport, which meant that overseas teams, by virtue of their having players of diverse races, could not play in South Africa. In 1956, the International Table Tennis Federation severed its ties with the all-white South African Table Tennis Union, preferring the non-racial South African Table Tennis Board in its stead. The apartheid government came back by confiscating the passports of the Board's players so that they were unable to attend international games. Other global sports\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National anthem of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"African national anthem has come under criticism for its Afrikaans verse as it originally part of the national anthem of South Africa that was used during the apartheid era, with some calling for the verse to be removed because of this connection. Others defend the inclusion of the verse, pointing out that it is included in large part due to the wishes of the first post-apartheid South African president, Nelson Mandela, who intended its inclusion as a re-conciliatory measure for the post-apartheid future of South Africa. National anthem of South Africa The current national anthem of South Africa was adopted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"418210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"as a moral pressure on athletes. Some sports bodies would discipline athletes based on the register. Athletes could have their names deleted from the register by giving a written undertaking not to return to apartheid South Africa to compete. The register is regarded as having been an effective instrument. The UN General Assembly adopted the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports on 10 December 1985. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) withdrew its invitation to South Africa to the 1964 Summer Olympics when interior minister Jan de Klerk insisted the team would not be racially integrated. In 1968, the IOC was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"been a leading anti-apartheid campaigner and advocate of sports boycotts. In June 1991, the Population Registration Act, 1950, a cornerstone of apartheid legislation, was repealed by the government of F. W. de Klerk, and in July an INOCSA delegation met with the Apartheid and Olympism Commission at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne. The IOC recognised INOCSA on 9 July 1991, such that the \\\"interim\\\" was removed from its name (NOCSA). It first competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The official flag of South Africa and national anthem \\\"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\\\" were still the apartheid-era ones, but the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369792\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"a statement against apartheid and against professional links with the state. The presentation of some South African plays in Britain and America was also vetoed. After the arrival of television in South Africa in 1975, the British Actors Union, \\\"Equity\\\", boycotted the service, and no British program concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa. Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions, but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid. These facets of social remoteness from the worldwide hamlet made apartheid a discomfiture and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Union was not affiliated to the New Zealand Olympic Committee. Of 28 African invitees, 26 boycotted the Games, joined by Iraq and Guyana. South Africa continued to compete at the (Summer) Paralympics until excluded by the Dutch government from the 1980 Games. Parasport had a racially integrated team from 1975. South Africa was expelled from the International Paralympic Committee in 1985. The IOC adopted a declaration against \\\"apartheid in sport\\\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. In 1988 the IOC formed the Apartheid and Olympism Commission, including Kevan Gosper, the SCSA, and SANROC. While SANOC\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Olympic team competed under an interim flag and Beethoven's \\\"Ode to Joy\\\". Likewise it decided not to use the Springbok emblem or green-and-gold colours of white sports teams. These decisions were unpopular with white South Africans, and as a concession the green-and-gold colours were adopted. NOCSA in 2004 merged with other bodies to form the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC). Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"the trickier for the apartheid government to uphold itself and its policies. Such sanctions were argued frequently within the UN, and many recognised and backed it as an effectual and non-violent way of applying force, but South Africa's major trading partners once more voted against mandatory sanctions. In 1962, the UN General Assembly requested that its members split political, fiscal and transportation connections with South Africa. In 1968, it suggested the deferral of all cultural, didactic and sporting commerce as well. From 1964, the US and Britain discontinued their dealings of armaments to South Africa. In spite of the many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762758\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"trade links. Even though India became a republic within the Commonwealth in 1950 it became clear that African and Asian member states would oppose South Africa due to its apartheid policies. As a result, South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth on 31 May 1961, the day that the Republic came into existence. In 1960, the UN's conservative stance on apartheid changed. The Sharpeville massacre had jolted the global neighbourhood, with the apartheid regime showing that it would use violent behaviour to repress opposition to racial inequity. Many Western states began to see apartheid as a possible danger to global harmony,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Africa as a bastion against Marxist forces in Southern Africa. Thatcher declared the ANC a terrorist organisation, and in 1987 her spokesman, Bernard Ingham, famously said that anyone who believed that the ANC would ever form the government of South Africa was \\\"living in cloud cuckoo land\\\". By the late 1980s, however, with the tide of the Cold War turning and no sign of a political resolution in South Africa, Western patience with the apartheid government began to run out. By 1989, a bipartisan Republican/Democratic initiative in the US favoured economic sanctions (realised as the \\\"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act\\\"), the release\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762797\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa would look outwards, towards the global neighbourhood, rather than adopting a siege mentality and estranging it. The buzzwords for his strategy were \\\"dialogue\\\" and \\\"détente\\\", signifying arbitration and reduction of pressure. Following the Soweto Uprising in 1976 and its brutal suppression by the apartheid regime, the arms embargo was made mandatory by the UN Security Council on 4 November 1977 and South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally, with tough economic sanctions weighing heavily. Not all countries imposed or fully supported the sanctions, however; instead, they continued to benefit from trade with apartheid South Africa. During the 1980s, though,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762767\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"for sanctions, Britain remained unwilling to sever her ties with the apartheid administration. Possible reasons were her copious assets in the state, an unwillingness to hazard turbulence brought on by intercontinental meddling, and the fact that many British people had kith and kin living in South Africa or, indeed, were living there themselves. Along with America, Britain would persistently vote against certain sanctions against South Africa. However, there was significant and notable resistance to apartheid within the United Kingdom, such as the Anti-Apartheid Movement. \\\"\\\" is a 2012 book documenting assistance given to the ANC from activists in the UK.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"first and most successful official stopover in South Africa. Associations with Mozambique followed suit and were sustained after that country won its sovereignty in 1975. Angola was also granted South African loans. Other countries which formed relationships with South Africa were Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Mauritius, Gabon, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Ghana and the Central African Republic. These African states criticised apartheid (more than ever after South Africa's denunciation of the Lusaka Manifesto), but fiscal reliance on South Africa, together with fear of her armed potency, resulted in their forming the aforementioned ties. The \\\"Outward Looking\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"principle had a significant consequence for South Africa's relationships with Western nations. When Vorster brought forth his strategy, it appeared to them that South Africa might be loosening her grip. At the same time, the West regarded the apartheid administration as a significant friend in the Cold War. Economically, such nations as Britain and America had numerous concerns in South Africa, and, although they did not endorse apartheid, these concerns led them to a more moderate stance on the country and to vote against financial sanctions against her at UN conferences. When South Africa pulled out of the Commonwealth in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"tours in the 1980s. Participants in the latter were banned by their national federations upon returning. World Series Cricket, run outside the auspices of the ICC in 1977–79, included South African players in its \\\"Rest of the World\\\" team. In the World Cup, the Greek government banned South Africa from the 1979 competition in Athens. South Africa competed in the 1980 edition in Bogota. The prospect of their appearing in the 1981 edition, due to be staged at Waterville in Ireland, caused it to be cancelled. South Africa did not reappear until the post-apartheid era in 1992. South African golfers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"provided military support for the ANC and PAC. It was more difficult, though, for neighbouring states such as Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, because they were economically dependent on South Africa. Still, they did feed the struggle underground. Ordinary people in foreign countries did much in protest against the apartheid government, too. The British Anti-Apartheid Movement was one of these, organising boycotts against South African sports teams, South African products such as wine and fruit, and British companies that traded with or in South Africa. Other organisations were formed to prevent musicians and the like from coming into the country, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC) was set up. The Anti-Apartheid Movement persisted in its campaign for South Africa's exclusion, and the IOC acceded in barring the country from the 1964 Games in Tokyo. South Africa selected a multi-racial side for the next Games, and the IOC opted to incorporate her in the 1968 Games in Mexico. Because of protests from AAMs and African nations, however, the IOC was forced to retract the invitation, along with one for Rhodesia. Foreign complaints about South Africa's bigoted sports brought more isolation. In 1960, Verwoerd barred a Māori rugby player from touring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762786\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"place in Afrikaans as well. There are also a large number of other educational institutions in South Africa – some are local campuses of foreign universities, some conduct classes for students who write their exams at the distance-education University of South Africa and some offer unaccredited or non-accredited diplomas. \\\"See: List of universities in South Africa; List of post secondary institutions in South Africa; \\\" Public expenditure on education was at 6.1% of the 2016 GDP. Under apartheid, schools for blacks were subject to discrimination through inadequate funding and a separate syllabus called \\\"Bantu Education\\\" which was only designed to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2293163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"had been powerless to effect a concurrence with Prime Minister Verwoerd. That same year, Verwoerd proclaimed South Africa's extraction from the Commonwealth as a result of its censure of his government. On 6 November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, condemning South African apartheid policies. On 7 August 1963 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 181 calling for a voluntary arms embargo against South Africa, and that very year, a Special Committee Against Apartheid was established to encourage and oversee plans of action against the regime. In 1966, the United Nations held the first (of many)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of the South African population classified as Black, 9% as White, 9% as Coloured, and 2% as Indian/Asian. Under apartheid, Whites held almost all political power in South Africa, with other races almost completely marginalised from the political process. While the end of apartheid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11614215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"let go of the mandate, and, in 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia requested that the International Court of Justice announce that South Africa's management of South West Africa was illegitimate. They argued that South Africa was bringing apartheid to South-West Africa, too. South Africa was formally accused of maladministration, and the lawsuit, commencing in November 1960, lasted almost six years. The International Court's verdict astonished the UN: it ruled that Liberia and Ethiopia had no right to take issue with South Africa's deeds in South-West Africa. The Court did not, however, pass judgement on whether or not South Africa still had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762750\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"the next general election. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. History of South Africa The first humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. The historical record of this ethnically diverse country is generally divided into five distinct periods: the pre-colonial era, the colonial era, the post-colonial and apartheid eras, and the post-apartheid era. Much of this history, particularly of the colonial and post-colonial eras, is characterised by clashes of culture, violent territorial disputes between European settlers and indigenous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"750577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"were all opposed to apartheid, many were economically dependent on South Africa. In 1980, they formed the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), the aim of which was to promote economic development in the region and hence reduce dependence on South Africa. Furthermore, many SADCC members also allowed the exiled ANC and PAC to establish bases in their countries. Other African countries also contributed to the fall of apartheid. In 1978, Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games because New Zealand's sporting contacts with the South African government were not considered to be in accordance with the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement. Nigeria also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762803\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"the establishment of so-called \\\"homelands\\\" or \\\"reserves\\\". It authorised the forced evictions of thousands of African people from urban centres in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) to what became described colloquially as \\\"Bantustans\\\" or the \\\"original homes\\\", as they were officially referred to, of the black tribes of South Africa. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. Apartheid apologists attempted to justify the \\\"homelands\\\" policy by citing the 1947 partition of India, when the British had done\",\n \"psg_id\": \"750544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Palme made the keynote address to the \\\"Swedish People's Parliament Against Apartheid\\\" held in Stockholm. In addressing the hundreds of anti-apartheid sympathisers as well as leaders and officials from the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movement such as Oliver Tambo, Palme said Apartheid needed to be abolished, not reformed. Other Western countries adopted a more ambivalent position. In the 1980s, both the Reagan and Thatcher administrations in the USA and UK followed a 'constructive engagement' policy with the apartheid government, vetoing the imposition of UN economic sanctions on South Africa, as they both fiercely believed in free trade and saw South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762796\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa The First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made changes related to the oath of office of the Acting President and to the jurisdiction of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, and signed by President Mandela on 28 August 1997. However it was deemed to come into effect retroactively, from 4 February 1997, the date when the constitution itself came into force. The Act made three technical modifications to the Constitution: This last change allowed the TRC to deal with various violent events,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13888994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"concurrences with the UN over their management of the mandates. South Africa, however, refused to play ball, declining to allow the territory to move towards independence. The NP government argued that, for a quarter of a century, South-West Africa had been directed as a piece of South Africa, and the preponderance of South-West Africans wanted to become South Africans anyway. Instead, South-West Africa was treated as a \\\"de facto\\\" \\\"fifth province\\\" of the Union. The South African government turned this mandate arrangement into a military occupation, and extended apartheid to South-West Africa. The UN attempted to compel South Africa to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762749\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"In 1995, during his official state visit to the UK, Nelson Mandela appeared on the balcony of High Commission of South Africa, London to thank supporters in the UK. The High Commission had been a constant target of protests during apartheid. South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994, albeit, as a Commonwealth republic and not a realm. At the outset of apartheid, the United States avoided serious criticism of South Africa's racial policies in part because several U.S. states, especially in the Deep South, had similar policies under the Jim Crow laws. Following the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, however, the country\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"the African continent. The same report lists the biggest obstacle to doing business as an \\\"Inadequately educated workforce\\\". Education, therefore, remains one of the poorest areas of performance in post-apartheid South Africa and one of the biggest causes of continued inequality and poverty. Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11614230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 South African apartheid referendum\",\n \"text\": \"multi-racial elections, which resulted in a huge victory for the African National Congress and made Nelson Mandela the first black President of South Africa. 1992 South African apartheid referendum A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948. The result of the election was a large victory for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6931306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Disinvestment from South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Disinvestment from South Africa Disinvestment (or divestment) from South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s, in protest of South Africa's system of apartheid, but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. The disinvestment campaign, after being realized in federal legislation enacted in 1986 by the United States, is credited by some as pressuring the South African Government to embark on negotiations ultimately leading to the dismantling of the Apartheid system. In November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, a non-binding resolution establishing the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid and called for imposing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10348199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Department of Social Development (South Africa)\",\n \"text\": \"Department of Social Development (South Africa) The Department of Social Development (DSD) of South Africa is a government department responsible for providing social development, protection, and welfare services to the public. Previously called the Department of Welfare, it was renamed in July 2000. The current Minister of Social Development is Susan Shabangu. The first Department was established in 1937, to regulate and subsidise existing private, non-governmental welfare services, while providing some additional services. The 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare noted that post-Apartheid South Africa had inherited social welfare programmes which were “not considered to be critical social investment priorities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20138823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"sufferers. The Organisation for African Unity (OAU) was created in 1963. Its primary objectives were to eradicate colonialism and improve social, political and economic situations in Africa. It censured apartheid and demanded sanctions against South Africa. African states swore to aid the freedom movements in their fights against apartheid. In April 1969, fourteen autonomous nations from Central and East Africa gathered in Lusaka, Zambia, to argue about various African matters. The assembly formulated the 'Lusaka Manifesto', which was signed on 13 April by all of the countries in attendance, except for Malawi. This manifesto was later taken on by both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"allowed equal rights for all South Africans regardless of race, modern-day South Africa struggles to correct the social inequalities created by decades of apartheid. Despite a rising GDP, indices for poverty, unemployment, income inequality, life expectancy, land ownership, have declined due to the increase in population; with the end of the apartheid system in South Africa leaving the country socio-economically stratified by race. Subsequent government policies have sought to correct inequity with varying amounts of success. Many of the inequalities created and enforced by apartheid still remain in South Africa today. Income inequality has worsened since the end of apartheid,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11614216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"and dominions who have adopted a parliamentary republican form of government and those that follow the Westminster system, South Africa's President is both head of state and head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Contrary to presidential systems around the world, the President of South Africa is elected by the Parliament of South Africa rather than by the people directly. He is thus answerable to it in theory and able to influence legislation in practice as head of the majority party (presently the ANC). The President is elected at the first sitting of Parliament\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others is an important case in South African law, heard in the Constitutional Court (CC) on 19 February 2008, with judgment handed down on 2 October. The judges were Langa CJ, O'Regan ADCJ, Madala J, Mokgoro J, Ngcobo J, Nkabinde J, Skweyiya J (who composed the majority judgment), Van Der Westhuizen J, Yacoob J, Jafta AJ and Kroon AJ. Counsel for the applicant was G. Budlender. There was no appearance for the first respondent, but Wim Trengrove SC (with A. Cockerell)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16560226\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"decided to let a tournament between the United States and South Africa take place in Newport Beach, California in April 1977 in spite of backlash from African nations and protesters due to the apartheid regime. When protesters ran on the court during the match, Tony Trabert, the U.S. manager, \\\"hit two protestors with a racket\\\" according to \\\"The Washington Post\\\". Hester also let another Davis Cup tournament take place at Vanderbilt University's Memorial Gymnasium in Nashville, Tennessee in March 1978 despite protests from civil rights leaders. Hester explained, \\\"We do not support or agree with the apartheid policy of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"1961, the United Kingdom led resistance to calls for punitive monetary and trade sanctions. It had many key trade links and, in particular, needed South Africa's gold. There were also strategic motives for not severing all ties with the apartheid government. As the southernmost nation in Africa, and the juncture of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, South Africa was still a vital point in sea-trade routes. In 1969, the Commandant General of the South African Defence Force (SADF) confirmed that, \\\"[i]n the entire ocean expanse from Australia to South America, South Africa is the only fixed point offering modern naval\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"powers of his or her office while within the Republic of South Africa. Should the president be outside of the country, or unable to fulfil the duties of the office, they may appoint an acting president. The presidential vacancy should be filled first by the Deputy President, then cabinet minister selected by the President, then a cabinet minister selected by the cabinet, and finally by the Speaker of the National Assembly. The President is the head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic of South Africa. The rights, responsibilities and remuneration of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Order of the Star of South Africa The Order of the Star of South Africa is a South African National Order that consisted of seven decorations in two military and five non-military classes. The order was discontinued on 2 December 2002. The Order of the Star of South Africa was instituted by the Republic of South Africa on 1 July 1975. The decorations of the order were awarded by the State President and, from 1994, the President of South Africa to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force for services concerning national defence and security. It replaced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9719785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"began to stand up against apartheid. In 1971, Vorster altered his policies even further by distinguishing multiracial from multinational sport. Multiracial sport, between teams with players of different races, remained outlawed; multinational sport, however, was now acceptable: international sides would not be subject to South Africa's racial stipulations. International censure of segregated sport and calls for sporting sanctions persisted. The UN would continue to hold them against South Africa until the end of apartheid. These measures did not bring an end to international sport for South African teams, but they added very much to the country's seclusion. The bans were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"colloquiums on apartheid. The General Assembly announced 21 March as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the Sharpeville bloodbath. In 1971, the UN General Assembly formally denounced the institution of homelands, and a motion was passed in 1974 to eject South Africa from the UN, but this was discarded by France, Britain and the United States of America, all of them key trade associates of South Africa. One probable type of action against South Africa was economic sanction. If UN affiliates broke fiscal and trading links with the country, it would make it all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Star of South Africa, Gold\",\n \"text\": \"the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) after the end of apartheid. The Star of South Africa, Gold, post-nominal letters SSA, was instituted by the State President on 1 July 1975, as the senior decoration of two military classes of the Order of the Star of South Africa. The Order was named after the first large diamond to be found in South Africa, the Star of South Africa, which was found on the banks of the Orange River in 1869 and which sparked the New Rush, leading to the establishment of Kimberley. The Order of the Star of South Africa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18075379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"He was the country's leading political figure and \\\"de facto\\\" chief executive, with powers similar to those of his British counterpart. The position of Prime Minister was abolished in 1984, when the State President was given executive powers after a new constitution was adopted—effectively merging the powers of the Prime Minister with those of the State President. The last Prime Minister, P. W. Botha, became the first executive State President after the constitutional reform. In post-Apartheid South Africa, the Inkatha Freedom Party has called for a return to a Westminster-style split executive with a Prime Minister as the actual head\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2090697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"In 1971, Israel offered $2,850 in aid to the Organisation of African Unity. The aid was rejected, but the offer caused tension between South African Jews and their government. After the 1967 Six-Day War, however, Israel largely cut off humanitarian aid to Sub-Saharan Africa and became Pretoria's strategic partner, establishing strong economic and military relations with the 1975 Israel–South Africa Agreement, which included alleged nuclear collaboration. While some countries and organisations, like the Swiss-South African Association, supported the Apartheid government, most of the international community isolated South Africa. One of the primary means for the international community to show its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762782\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"African War. The Union of South Africa, a British Dominion, was established on 31 May 1910 with the British monarch as titular head of state, represented by a viceroy, the Governor-General. Upon the declaration of the Republic of South Africa on 31 May 1961, the office of State President was created. It was originally a ceremonial post, but became an executive post in 1984 when a new constitution abolished the post of Prime Minister and transferred its powers to the State President. South Africa has an almost unique system for the election of its president. Unlike other former British colonies\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the South Africa national rugby union team\",\n \"text\": \"History of the South Africa national rugby union team The History of the South Africa national rugby union team dates back to 1891, when the British Lions first toured South Africa where they played against South African representative sides. The South Africa national rugby union team played few international matches during a period of international sanctions due to apartheid. Since the end of apartheid in 1990–91, South Africa has once again fully participated in international rugby. The most iconic moment in South Africa rugby history is when South Africa hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Nelson Mandela\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18675466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flag of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"were also found in the old flag of South Africa. Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994, stated in his autobiography, \\\"The Last Trek: a New Beginning\\\", that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners would have preferred). The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse\",\n \"psg_id\": \"901613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"though both later became naturalised US citizens. Some elite South African sportspeople competed internationally for another country, after becoming eligible through naturalization, length of residency, or other criteria applicable by the relevant IF. Examples include runner Zola Budd, whose UK nationality application was fast-tracked in time for the 1984 Summer Olympics; and cricketer Kepler Wessels, who acquired Australian eligibility in the 1980s through residency, before returning to South Africa, for whom he played after the end of apartheid. The 1994 film \\\"Muriel's Wedding\\\" recounts a fictional 1980s Australian's sham marriage to a South African swimmer seeking Olympic eligibility. With the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647326\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"established by Chapter Five of the Constitution of South Africa which was formed by a Constituent Assembly upon the dissolution of apartheid as state policy. A number of manifestations of the office have existed. Aspects of these offices exist within the presidency today. The executive leadership of the British colonies of Natal and of the Cape of Good Hope were invested in their Governors, likewise was invested in the Presidents of the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Alternating sovereignty as a result of wars culminated in the Vereeniging Treaty signed in which concluded the South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa finally signed the agreement that granted the country its independence. The UN allowed the South African government back in 1994, however the South African government had to first show that they had undertaken certain measures to get rid of the racial judgement. Soon after the South African government created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was supposed to aid the transition from Apartheid to Democracy. South Africa's policies were subject to international scrutiny in 1960, when British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan criticised them during his celebrated Wind of Change speech in Cape Town. Weeks later, tensions came to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations Republic of the Congo – South Africa relations refers to the historical relationship between the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Republic of South Africa. The Republic of the Congo was active in opposing apartheid South Africa. In November 1981, the then People's Republic of the Congo hosted a conference entitled \\\"Apartheid and health\\\", which discussed the health implications of racial discrimination and social inequality. In December 1988, representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa signed the Brazzaville Protocol which mandated the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola, paving the way for Namibia's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13912978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"contributor to the political reforms leading to the end of Apartheid. The analysis concluded that in many instances sanctions undermined effective reform forces, such as the changing economic and social order within South Africa. Furthermore, it was argued that forces encouraging economic growth and development resulted in a more international and liberal outlook amongst South Africans, and were far more powerful agents of reform than sanctions. While international opposition to apartheid grew, the Nordic countries in particular provided both moral and financial support for the ANC. On 21 February 1986– a week before he was murdered– Sweden's prime minister Olof\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762795\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid era. It also participates in both national and provincial traditional leaders' gatherings to garner support for legislation from non-Contralesa members. Contralesa has frequently\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16502651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Interfaith Council of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"National Interfaith Council of South Africa The National Interfaith Council of South Africa (NICSA) is a co-operative interfaith religious body in South Africa formed by the merger of the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) and the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC). The National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) interfaith body was formed in post-apartheid South Africa. When President Jacob Zuma took office in 2009, Pastor Ray McCauley of Rhema Bible Church formed a new interfaith organization called the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC) which subsequently merged with the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) to form NICSA in 2011. NICSA comprises members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16913474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa was accordingly abolished. From 1961 to 1984, the post was largely ceremonial. After constitutional reforms enacted in 1983 and taking effect in 1984, the State President became an executive post, and its holder was both head of state and head of government. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2287062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"aversion to apartheid was to boycott South Africa in a variety of spheres of multinational life. Economic and military sanctions were among these, but cultural and sporting boycotts also found their way in. South Africa, in this way, was cut off from the rest of the globe. It also awakened the South African community to the opinions of other countries. Despite financial shunning causing significant harm to black South Africans, the ANC proclaimed it as an essential means of achieving liberty. Cultural and sporting boycotts, on the other hand, did not have a negative effect on the lives of blacks,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762783\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Party, which both introduced and ended apartheid through its predecessor the National Party, disbanded in 2005 to merge with the ANC. Jacob Zuma served as President of South Africa since May 9, 2009 until his resignation in February 2018. Zuma was replaced by Cyril Ramaphosa. The country's next general election will be held in 2019. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated South Africa as \\\"flawed democracy\\\" in 2016. South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, wherein the President of South Africa, elected by parliament, is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"363401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration and Conditions of Employment Act, 1989, was brought by Kathy Satchwell, an openly lesbian judge of the Transvaal Provincial Division (now known as the Gauteng Division) of the High Court. The court ruled unanimously that the law\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15803140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"flashpoints throughout Southern Africa. This developed into a conventional war between South Africa and UNITA on one side against the Angolan government, the Cubans, the Soviets and SWAPO on the other side. By 1980, as international opinion turned decisively against the apartheid regime, the government and much of the white population increasingly looked upon the country as a bastion besieged by communism and radical black nationalists. Considerable effort was put into circumventing sanctions, and the government even went so far as to develop nuclear weapons, allegedly with the help of Israel. South Africa is the only country to date to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762799\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Workers Party of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Workers Party of South Africa The Workers Party of South Africa (WPSA) was the first Trotskyist organisation in South Africa to have a national base. It published a regular newspaper, \\\"Spark\\\". The party was founded in 1935 by the majority of the Cape Town-based Lenin Club and the Johannesburg-based Bolshevik-Leninist League of South Africa. Founding members included Isaac Bangani Tabata, Dora Taylor, Ralph Lee and Isaac Blank (later known as Ted Grant). Its first initiative was to intervene in the All African Convention, called to oppose the Hertzog Bills, which aimed to complete the implementation of apartheid in the nation.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9165001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"led the 32-nation boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher's ambivalent attitude towards sporting links with South Africa, significantly affecting the quality and profitability of the Games and thus thrusting apartheid into the international spotlight. South Africa had a policy to attack terrorist bases in neighbouring countries. These attacks were mainly aimed at ANC, PAC and SWAPO guerrilla-bases and safe houses in retaliation for acts of terror – like bomb explosions, massacres and guerrilla actions (like sabotage) by ANC, PAC and Swapo guerrillas in South Africa and Namibia. The country also aided organisations in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"the number of countries opposing South Africa increased, and the economy came under tremendous strain. Vorster's attitude towards other African countries was not so much a modification of strategy as a continuance of Verwoerd's approach. Vorster's forerunner had already become aware of the fact that cordial dealings with as many black states as possible was of paramount importance. As more and more African states acquired statehood from their colonial rulers, bitterness towards the South African apartheid system increased. If South Africa did not wish to become completely cut off from the rest of the African continent, she had to sustain\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762768\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Conditions of Employment Act, 2001) had been passed and, due to a drafting error, still included the former discriminatory language. The Constitutional Court granted an order applying the reasoning of its earlier ruling to the new act. Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15803142\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is constitutionally required to \\\"assist the President in the execution of the functions of government\\\", and may be assigned any government portfolio by presidential proclamation. The Deputy President performs the duties of the President of South Africa when the President is outside the country's borders, unable to fulfill the duties of the office, or when the Presidency is vacant. Under the interim constitution (valid from 1994\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5369756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"British rule), and became an official law of segregation when South Africa became a republic (it was an extension of segregationist legislation enacted in 1960). On 27 April 1994, after decades of armed struggle and international opposition to apartheid, during which military and political support was provided primarily by the Soviet Union to the non-racial African National Congress (ANC), the ANC achieved victory in the country's first democratic election in which all races could vote. Since then, the African National Congress has dominated the politics of South Africa, in an uneasy alliance with the South African Communist Party and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"750450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"1980 by the British Lions and by France, in 1981 by Ireland, and in 1984 by England. In 1986, though a Lions tour was cancelled, South Africans played in all-star matches in Cardiff and in London marking the IRB centenary. South Africa was excluded from the first two Rugby World Cups, in 1987 and 1991. South Africa was suspended from FIFA in 1963. Stanley Rous, FIFA's President, went to negotiate its reinstatement. The South African FA proposed entering an all-white team in the 1966 World Cup and an all-black team in the 1970 World Cup. This proposal was rejected. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Academic boycott of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"symbolic gesture of support\\\" for anti-apartheid efforts rather than a direct influencer of the situation. Additionally, the academic boycott was perceived by the targets of the boycott, South Africa scholars, as unjust and discriminatory. The African National Congress first called for an academic boycott to protest South African apartheid in 1958 in Ghana. The call was repeated the following year in London. In 1965, 496 university professors and lecturers from 34 British universities signed the following declaration in protest against apartheid and violations of academic freedom. They referred to the bans against Jack Simons and Eddie Roux, two well-known progressive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8210820\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"South Africa at the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in 1990, the nation re-joined the Olympic movement. The South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee was created in 1991, and South Africa returned to the Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics (and the 1992 Summer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9410030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"were most trying for sports and culture fans. These boycotts effectively egged on little changes to apartheid policy, and corroded white South Africans' dedication to it. Numerous conferences were held and the United Nations passed resolutions condemning South Africa, including the World Conference Against Racism in 1978 and 1983. A significant divestment movement started, pressuring investors to refuse to invest in South African companies or companies that did business with South Africa. South African sports teams were barred from participation in international events, and South African culture and tourism were boycotted. Countries such as Zambia, Tanzania and the Soviet Union\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762792\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"countries facing allegations of human rights and foreign intervention, such as Israel, Taiwan, Indonesia, Morocco, and Chile, until apartheid was ended and racial equality introduced in the early 1990s. In the after-effects of World War II, the Western world quickly switched from ideas of racial dominance and policies based on racial prejudice. Racially discriminative and segregationist principles were not novelties in South Africa. From unification in 1910, the state had been run by the white minority and pursued segregation. Apartheid was a certified, lawful and inflexible type of separation that was methodically entrenched from 1948 through a battery of legislation.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America\",\n \"text\": \"South Africans from visiting Argentina in protest at the South African government's apartheid policies and the internationals were re-arranged for Uruguay and Chile. The South American side was composed entirely of Argentine players. South Africa's touring party included Errol Tobias, the first non-white player to represent the Springboks. 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America The 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America was a series of six matches played by the South Africa national rugby union team (the Springboks) in Paraguay, Uruguay and Chile in October 1980. The South Africa team won all six of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17096649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of South Africa The Republic of South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The President of South Africa serves both as head of state and as head of government. The President is elected by the National Assembly (the lower house of the South African Parliament) and must retain the confidence of the Assembly in order to remain in office. South Africans also elect provincial legislatures which govern each of the country's nine provinces. Since the end of apartheid in 1994 the African National Congress (ANC) has dominated South Africa's politics. The ANC is the ruling party in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"363399\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"as the policy caused much intercontinental abrasion over human-rights violation. In April 1960, the Security Council of the UN settled for the first time on concerted action against the apartheid regime, demanding that the NP bring an end to racial separation and discrimination; but, instead, the South African administration merely employed further suppressive instruments. The ANC and PAC were forbidden from continued existence, and political assemblies were prohibited. From then on, the UN placed the South African issue high on its list of priorities. In 1961, UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld stopped over in South Africa and subsequently stated that he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"South Africa at the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Paralympics). South Africa also participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 1960, and since 1994. South African athletes have won a total of 86 medals, with athletics, boxing, and swimming as the top medal-producing sports. South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9410031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 in South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"traveled to England to thank the people for their support in the campaign to free him. South Africa withdrew its troops from Namibia, which was granted independence. 1990 also saw marches in support and against the formation of a new post-Apartheid South Africa. 1990 in South Africa 1990 in South Africa saw the official start of the process of ending Apartheid. President of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk announced plans to end apartheid. President De Klerk unbanned organisations that were banned by the government including the African National Congress, the South African Communist Party and the Pan Africanist Congress. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4667698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"made comments pursuant to Contralesa's attempt. Contralesa and Holomisa's comments were criticized by the Democratic Alliance and constitutional law scholar Pierre de Vos. Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16502653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Freedom Day (South Africa)\",\n \"text\": \"Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever. It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4962614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Freedom Day (South Africa)\",\n \"text\": \"beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future. Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4962616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"examples of music in the movement against apartheid. Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Constitution of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"were replaced by an executive State President. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 or Interim Constitution was introduced at the end of apartheid to govern the period of transition. It introduced universal adult suffrage, constitutional supremacy and a bill of rights. Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2558828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"excluding the President' by the National Assembly, or a newly elected President's assumption of office. Presumably, a statement of resignation would also be sufficient to end a Deputy President's term of office. Depending on the extent of any informal roles and functions of the Deputy President depend on the specific relationship between the president and deputy president, but often the roles include tasks like:
Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5369759\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["long walk to freedom","long walk to freedom","long walk to freedom (book)"],"string":"[\n \"long walk to freedom\",\n \"long walk to freedom\",\n \"long walk to freedom (book)\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":594,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"general boris gromov was the last soviet soldier to leave where in 1989?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Boris Gromov","text":"Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, as well as the General Staff Academy. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. Gromov was the last Soviet soldier","psg_id":"6615514"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, as well as the General Staff Academy. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. Gromov was the last Soviet soldier\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6615514\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Boris Gromov","text":"Russian Federation. In 1994 Gromov retired from the Russian Armed Forces, and was soon appointed deputy Interior Minister. He was elected in 1995 to the State Duma, lower house of the Russian parliament. In January 2000 he was elected governor of the Moscow region and re-elected in December 2003. Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military","psg_id":"6615516"},{"title":"Feliks Gromov","text":"cruisers \"Senyavin\" and the \"Dmitry Pozharsky\". In 1977 Gromov became commander of a squadron of surface ships in the Baltic Fleet and was transferred to the Soviet Northern Fleet in 1982. In 1984 he became deputy commander of the Soviet Northern Fleet and was promoted to its commander in 1988. In 1992 Gromov was given command of the Russian Navy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet by Boris Yeltsin in 1996 and retired in 1997 at age 60, the mandated retirement age for Admirals and Fleet Admirals. The Jamestown Foundation speculated","psg_id":"7408770"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"mother, who worked as a medical doctor in the Soviet Army, had to leave the front line in order to give birth to him. When Gromov was nine years old, his mother gave him the book \"The Enjoyment of Mathematics\" by Hans Rademacher and Otto Toeplitz, a book that piqued his curiosity and had a great influence on him. Gromov studied mathematics at Leningrad State University where he obtained a master's degree in 1965, a Doctorate in 1969 and defended his Postdoctoral Thesis in 1973. His thesis advisor was Vladimir Rokhlin. Gromov married in 1967. In 1970, invited to give","psg_id":"3370077"},{"title":"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign","text":"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign The 1991 presidential campaign of Boris Yeltsin, was the successful campaign by then-Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia in Russia's first presidential election. Yeltsin ran as an independent candidate. His running mate was People's Deputy and former soldier Alexander Rutskoy. Receiving more than 50% of the vote in the first round of the election, the Yeltsin-Rutskoy ticket won the election with an overwhelming margin over their closest competitors, the Ryzhkov-Gromov ticket. Thus Boris Yeltsin and Alexander Rutskoy were elected 1st President of Russia and 1st Vice President of Russia respectively. On March 17, 1991,","psg_id":"20776617"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov has won several prizes, including the Abel Prize in 2009 \"for his revolutionary contributions to geometry\". Mikhail Gromov was born on 23 December 1943 in Boksitogorsk, Soviet Union. His father Leonid Gromov and his Jewish mother Lea Rabinovitz were pathologists. Gromov was born during World War II, and his","psg_id":"3370076"},{"title":"Mikhail Gromov (military)","text":"institute in 1991 to celebrate 50th anniversary of the institute. In late 1940th initiated the establishment of the Fedotov Test Pilot School. The Gromov Medal was established in March 2011 by the Gromov Flight Research Institute as a highest corporate award in memory of the founder of the institute. Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started","psg_id":"4231858"},{"title":"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit","text":"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, proclaimed that the summit was the beginning of normalized state-to-state relations. The meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and then General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC),","psg_id":"20669023"},{"title":"Alexey Gromov","text":"sons, Alexey and Danila. Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he","psg_id":"14460536"},{"title":"Alexey Gromov","text":"Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he has worked directly for","psg_id":"14460534"},{"title":"I, a Russian soldier","text":"Russian soldier Jew finally said on German. German general ordered his soldiers to salute the last Soviet defender of the fortress. I, a Russian soldier I, a Russian soldier (, translit. Ya — Russkiy soldat) is Russian film about the famous episode of the Eastern Front — the Defense of Brest Fortress, based on the novel by Boris Vasilyev \"His Name is Not in the List\". The film begins on June 21, 1941, one day before the German invasion. Lieutenant Nikolay Pluzhnikov, a former cadet in the border guards school, is posted at the border in Brest. Nikolay and his","psg_id":"19220652"},{"title":"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit","text":"though Gorbachev did not say it directly during the Summit or afterward, he sympathized with the protestors as they were pushing for the political changes that Gorbachev had implemented in the Soviet Union. 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the","psg_id":"20669033"},{"title":"Mikhail Gromov (military)","text":"Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started working as a test pilot testing the aeroplanes designed by Andrei Tupolev and Nikolai Polikarpov. Later became chief-pilot of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. On 25 April 1927 made the first Soviet parachute jump out of a Polikarpov I-1 under testing that had entered an unrecoverable spin. In June-September 1925","psg_id":"4231856"},{"title":"Soviet Census (1989)","text":"Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \"1989 All-Union Census\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1 April 1990 census), although it was well behind China and India. In 1989, about half of the Soviet Union's total population lived in the Russian SFSR, and approximately one-sixth (18%) of them in Ukraine. Almost two-thirds","psg_id":"10007131"},{"title":"Boris Snetkov","text":"Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II as a self-propelled artillery officer and during the Cold War rose to command positions. He commanded the 1st Guards Tank Army and served as first deputy commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany during the 1970s. Snetkov led the Siberian Military District and the Leningrad Military District in the 1980s and in 1987 became commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG), which in 1989 became the","psg_id":"20130817"},{"title":"Boris Kosarev","text":"1989. Boris’s son, Aleksander Kosarev (1944–2013), took over Boris’s creative route and became Russian film director, Honored Art Worker of Russia, screenwriter and actor, poet. Photo works \"Snowing\", \"Before the Storm\" and \"The first space flight\" were internationally awarded with medals and prizes Solo exhibitions: Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was","psg_id":"18926654"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Union legislative election","text":"1989 Soviet Union legislative election In 1989, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. The main elections were held on 26 March and a second round on 9 April. They were the first relatively free nationwide elections held in the Soviet Union, and would prove to be the final national elections held as the country ceased to exist in 1991. The elections were followed by regional elections in 1990, the last legislative elections to take place in the country. In January 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union","psg_id":"14793134"},{"title":"Boris Gulko","text":"Boris Gulko Boris Franzevich Gulko (; born February 9, 1947) is a Soviet-American International Grandmaster in chess. His peak Elo rating was 2644 in 2000. Gulko is noted to be the only person to win both the Soviet Chess Championship and the U.S. Chess Championship, and for having a positive score against Garry Kasparov. Boris Gulko was born in 1947 to a Jewish family. His father was a soldier of the Red Army and was stationed in East Germany. His family returned to the Soviet Union after a few years. Gulko became an International Master in 1975, and a Grandmaster","psg_id":"4292252"},{"title":"Soviet Census (1989)","text":"significant slowdown may in part be due to the remarkable socio-economic changes that followed the disintegration of the USSR, that have tended to reduce even more the already decreasing birth rates (which were already showing some signs of decline since the Soviet era, in particular among the people living in the European part of the Soviet Union). The next census was possibly planned for 1999. Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \"1989 All-Union Census\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population","psg_id":"10007134"},{"title":"A Word to the People","text":"A Word to the People \"A Word to the People\" (Russian: «Слово к народу») was an open letter signed by twelve Soviet public figures. The declaration was published in \"Sovetskaya Rossiya\" (a newspaper that expressed anti-perestroika views) on 23 July 1991. The signers included writers Yuri Bondarev, Valentin Rasputin and Alexander Prokhanov, singer Lyudmila Zykina, war generals Valentin Varennikov and Boris Gromov, sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov, scientist and politicians Gennady Zyuganov, Vasily Starodubtsev, and . The authors of the writing appealed to the citizens of the country, severely criticizing the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, and they pleaded to","psg_id":"13371582"},{"title":"Boris Kosarev","text":"Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was born on 29 October 1911, in a small town of Odoyev, Tula Governorate. When Boris turned 14, his father gave him a camera as a present. He printed photographic plates, learned to work with photographic chemicals, learned how to print photographs. 1927-1929 he worked as","psg_id":"18926649"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"\"p\" and let formula_8 and formula_9 be two distinct points at infinity. Then the limit exists and is finite, and therefore can be considered as a generalized Gromov product. It is actually given by the formula where formula_12 is the angle between the geodesic rays formula_13 and formula_14. The Gromov product can be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic spaces in the sense of Gromov.: (\"X\", \"d\") is said to be \"δ\"-hyperbolic if, for all \"p\", \"x\", \"y\" and \"z\" in \"X\", In this case. Gromov product measures how long geodesics remain close together. Namely, if \"x\", \"y\" and \"z\" are three","psg_id":"10800869"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Cup Final","text":"was during the last season when in the semifinals Torpedo once again defeated Dnipro in overtime playing at home. 1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The","psg_id":"14752275"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Cup Final","text":"1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The last year defending champions Metalist Kharkiv were eliminated in the second round of the competition by FC Torpedo Moscow","psg_id":"14752273"},{"title":"Boris Meissner","text":"Boris Meissner Boris Meissner (August 10, 1915 Pskov - September 10, 2003 Cologne) was a German lawyer and social scientist, specializing in international law and Eastern European history and politics. Meissner was the son of Artur Meissner, a judge of Baltic German extraction, and spent his childhood in Pärnu, Estonia. He attended Tartu University, where he received a first degree in Economics (Diplom rer. oec.) in 1935. He then studied Law in Tartu until he had to leave Estonia following the Soviet occupation in 1940. He was able to continue his studies at Posen University, where he also worked as","psg_id":"9587308"},{"title":"Feliks Gromov","text":"that Gromov was dismissed because of a Russian Pacific Fleet ammunition explosion which seems to have attracted wide attention. Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962","psg_id":"7408771"},{"title":"Boris Pavlovich Belousov","text":"Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of World War I, Belousov tried to join the army, but was denied for health reasons. He took up","psg_id":"2180383"},{"title":"Boris Pavlovich Belousov","text":"and Zhabotinsky. Belousov was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize in 1980 for his work on the BZ reaction. Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of","psg_id":"2180386"},{"title":"Maxim Gromov","text":"Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the political party The Other Russia. He is also the leader of the human rights organization Prisoners' Union. In 2000 Gromov sewed his lips shut in protest over censorship in Russia. On 14 September 2003 Gromov was part of a group of 16 national-bolsheviks who occupied a train in Lithuania. Gromov was detained and stayed under arrest for 40 days. On 3 December 2003 Gromov was part","psg_id":"17589082"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"of convex integration and the h-principle, a very general way to solve underdetermined partial differential equations and the basis for a geometric theory of these equations. In the 1980s, Gromov introduced the Gromov–Hausdorff metric, a measure of the difference between two compact metric spaces. In this context he proved Gromov's compactness theorem, stating that the set of compact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \"c\" and diameter ≤ \"D\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The possible limit points of sequences of such manifolds are Alexandrov spaces of curvature ≥ \"c\", a class of metric spaces studied in detail","psg_id":"3370080"},{"title":"Gromov norm","text":"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \"n\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \"n\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.","psg_id":"10224986"},{"title":"Gromov norm","text":"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \"n\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \"n\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.","psg_id":"10224985"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\"X\", \"d\") be a metric space and let \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ∈ \"X\". Then the Gromov product of \"y\" and \"z\" at \"x\", denoted (\"y\", \"z\"), is defined by Given three points \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" in the metric space \"X\", by the triangle inequality there exist non-negative numbers \"a\", \"b\", \"c\" such that formula_2. Then the Gromov products are formula_3.","psg_id":"10800867"},{"title":"Maxim Gromov","text":"In 2008 Gromov cofounded the non-governmental organization Prisoners' Union. Since 2009 Gromov has taken part in the actions of Strategy-31, a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia. On 31 July 2011 he was arrested during the action, during which he was beaten by police and hospitalized. In 2011 Gromov initiated the art project \"Children of prisoners of conscience\". Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the","psg_id":"17589084"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"points of a \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric space then the initial segments of length (\"y\", \"z\") of geodesics from \"x\" to \"y\" and \"x\" to \"z\" are no further than 2\"δ\" apart (in the sense of the Hausdorff distance between closed sets). Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\"X\", \"d\") be a metric space and let \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ∈ \"X\". Then the Gromov product of \"y\" and","psg_id":"10800870"},{"title":"Feliks Gromov","text":"Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962 and served on the Sverdlov class cruiser \"Admiral Senyavin\" and the Kotlin class destroyer \"Vdokhnovennyy\". He subsequently commanded the","psg_id":"7408769"},{"title":"Boris Mikhailovich Belousov","text":"during the Gorbachev era. He was appointed to the post in July 1989 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Nikolai I. Ryzhkov. Boris Mikhailovich Belousov Boris Mikhailovich Belousov (born 1934) is a Soviet politician who held different cabinet posts, including Minister of Defense Industry. Belousov was born in 1934. He received a degree in electronic engineering from the Taganrog Radio Technical Institute. Belousov was a member of the Communist Party. He worked in Izhevsk in the field of general machine-building. He served as the department head at the Udmur CPSU Obkom and director of the Izhevsk mechanical plant. His","psg_id":"17798348"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"field of symplectic topology by introducing the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves. This led to Gromov–Witten invariants which are used in string theory and to his non-squeezing theorem. Gromov is also interested in mathematical biology, the structure of the brain and the thinking process, and the way scientific ideas evolve. Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov","psg_id":"3370082"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"model in Cosmology. This model of cosmology is not stable with respect to smooth variations of the metric. In a special case, the concept of Gromov–Hausdorff limits is closely related to Large deviations theory. Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \"X\" and","psg_id":"2685828"},{"title":"Boris Kabishev","text":"Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff, Kabishev led the 3rd","psg_id":"19518442"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding to positive and negative infinity. There are several equivalent definitions of the Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper δ-hyperbolic space. One of the most common uses equivalence classes of geodesic rays. Pick some point formula_1 of a hyperbolic metric space formula_2 to be the origin. A geodesic ray","psg_id":"17687350"},{"title":"Boris Mozhayev","text":"Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \"Zhivoy\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \"Peasant Men and Women\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported by Alexander Tvardovsky and admired by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Mozhayev experienced serious difficulties with publishing his harshly realistic, tinged with bitter humour Village prose, dealing with trials and tribulations of the Soviet peasantry in the years of collectivisation and beyond. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev was born","psg_id":"17513286"},{"title":"Boris Nikolsky","text":"ions (see Nikolsky-Eisenman equation and Nikolsky-Shultz-Eisenman thermodynamic ion-exchange theory of GE) and so on. Boris Nikolsky also actively participated in the Soviet nuclear program. In 1952-1974 he was the senior scientist and the chairman of scientific committee at the Soviet nuclear fuel reprocessing plant Mayak, where he worked on the technology of processing and refining of plutonium. In 1961-1963 he was the chairman of the chemistry department at Leningrad State University. General publications on the glass electrode theory Boris Nikolsky was a co-author of the monumental textbook on physical chemistry and an editor-in-chief of the most comprehensive multivolume handbook of","psg_id":"4597062"},{"title":"Boris Nikonorov","text":"Soviet junior title and was included to the national team. He retired in 1966 with an estimated record of 250 wins out of 265 bouts. During his career he won the Soviet championships in the featherweight (1959–60) and lightweight divisions (1962–63, 1965–66). In retirement he coached boxers in his club Trudovye Rezervy, and was also involved with the Bulgarian (1970–74) and Soviet (1989) national teams. His trainees included 1972 Olympic medalists Georgi Kostadinov and Angel Angelov. Boris Nikonorov Boris Nikolayevich Nikonorov (, 25 January 1939 – 30 August 2015) was a Russian amateur boxer who won a silver medal in","psg_id":"19420744"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"conjecture concerns the classification of groups with a 2-sphere at infinity: Cannon's conjecture: Every Gromov hyperbolic group with a 2-sphere at infinity acts geometrically on hyperbolic 3-space. The analog to this conjecture is known to be true for 1-spheres and false for spheres of all dimension greater than 2. Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding","psg_id":"17687356"},{"title":"Boris at Last: Feedbacker","text":"Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \"Feedbacker\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500 which was released by Diwphalanx Records. This DVD was originally an unofficial recording of the band performing the entirety of \"Feedbacker\" live in New York and entitled \"Bootleg -Feedbacker-\". The official DVD release depicts a different member of the band lying in a pool of blood similar to the album cover. The album incorporates many different rock elements and because of it has become a","psg_id":"8958152"},{"title":"Boris at Last: Feedbacker","text":"song that the band frequently revisits on tour. On 13 September 2009, as a special set for the Flaming Lips-curated day of All Tomorrow's Parties New York 2009 in Monticello, Boris performed the album in its entirety. They performed the album again at the Pavement curated ATP at Minehead Butlin's on 15 May 2010. Note: Some versions contain the same song split into 5 movements. Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \"Feedbacker\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500","psg_id":"8958153"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \"X\" and \"Y\" are two compact metric spaces, then \"d\" (\"X\", \"Y\") is defined to be the infimum of all numbers \"d\"(\"f\"(\"X\"), \"g\"(\"Y\")) for all metric spaces \"M\" and all isometric embeddings \"f\": \"X\"→\"M\" and \"g\":","psg_id":"2685823"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"by Burago, Gromov and Perelman in 1992. Gromov was also the first to study the space of all possible Riemannian structures on a given manifold. Gromov introduced geometric group theory, the study of infinite groups via the geometry of their Cayley graphs and their word metric. In 1981 he proved Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth: a finitely generated group has polynomial growth (a geometric property) if and only if it is virtually nilpotent (an algebraic property). The proof uses the Gromov–Hausdorff metric mentioned above. Along with Eliyahu Rips he introduced the notion of hyperbolic groups. Gromov founded the","psg_id":"3370081"},{"title":"General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union","text":"that Gorbachev still retained his role as leader of the Soviet Union. Following the failed August coup of 1991, Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary. He was succeeded by his deputy, Vladimir Ivashko, who only served for five days as Acting General Secretary before Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia, suspended all activity in the Communist Party. Following the party's ban, the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP–CPSU) was established by Oleg Shenin in 1993. The UCP–CPSU works as a framework for reviving and restoring the CPSU. The organisation has members in all the former","psg_id":"2271587"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6","text":"last season Bukovyna, Volyn also failed to earn promotion to the First League as it lost the inter-zonal playoffs. The following were the top ten goalscorers. 1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 59th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League. The Soviet Second League was split after the season and all national (republican) competitions were placed at the lower league (4th division), while the upper league (3rd division) was transformed into a buffer league. The 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was","psg_id":"18674745"},{"title":"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky","text":"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with high building density. This area was actively built up by merchants' shop buildings and residential houses","psg_id":"20804430"},{"title":"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky","text":"building\". The size of the plaque is 50x50 cm. She signature is covered with bronze paint. The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with","psg_id":"20804433"},{"title":"The New Leave It to Beaver","text":"The New Leave It to Beaver The New Leave It to Beaver (also known as Still the Beaver) is an American sitcom sequel to the original 1957–1963 sitcom \"Leave It to Beaver\". The series began with the 1983 reunion television movie \"Still the Beaver\" that aired on CBS in March 1983. The success of the television movie prompted the creation of a revival series, also titled \"Still the Beaver\", that aired on the Disney Channel from 1984 to 1985. In 1986, the series was picked up by TBS where it aired until June 1989. \"The New Leave It to Beaver\"","psg_id":"6719236"},{"title":"Soviet–Afghan War","text":"the Soviets had negotiated ceasefires with local mujahideen commanders, so the withdrawal was generally executed peacefully, except for the operation \"Typhoon\". General Yazov, the Defense Minister of Soviet Union, ordered the 40th Army to violate the agreement with Ahmed Shah Masood, who commanded a large force in the Panjshir Valley, and attack his relaxed and exposed forces. The Soviet attack was initiated to protect Najibullah, who did not have a cease fire in effect with Masood, and who rightly feared an offensive by Masood's forces after the Soviet withdrawal. General Gromov, the 40th Army Commander, objected to the operation, but","psg_id":"844658"},{"title":"Where Were You Last Night (song)","text":"Where Were You Last Night (song) \"Where Were You Last Night\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \"Where Were You Last Night\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \"Trackslistan\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\" (aka \"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog number PSDR-1010, and cassette tape catalog number PSSR-1010. This was a","psg_id":"10498110"},{"title":"Where Were You Last Night (song)","text":"cover originally sung by Ankie Bagger. Japanese lyrics by Neko OIKAWA. Where Were You Last Night (song) \"Where Were You Last Night\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \"Where Were You Last Night\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \"Trackslistan\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\" (aka \"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog","psg_id":"10498111"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"In the case that the points \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" are the outer nodes of a tripod then these Gromov products are the lengths of the edges. In the hyperbolic, spherical or euclidean plane, the Gromov product (\"A\", \"B\") equals the distance \"p\" between \"C\" and the point where the incircle of the geodesic triangle \"ABC\" touches the edge \"CB\" or \"CA\". Indeed from the diagram , so that . Thus for any metric space, a geometric interpretation of (\"A\", \"B\") is obtained by isometrically embedding (A, B, C) into the euclidean plane. Consider hyperbolic space H. Fix a base point","psg_id":"10800868"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"makes the Gromov boundary into a compact metrizable space. The number of ends of a hyperbolic group is the number of components of the Gromov boundary. The Gromov boundary has several important properties. One of the most frequently used properties in group theory is the following: if a group formula_30 acts geometrically on a δ-hyperbolic space, then formula_30 is hyperbolic group and formula_30 and formula_2 have homeomorphic Gromov boundaries. One of the most important properties is that it is a quasi-isometry invariant; that is, if two hyperbolic metric spaces are quasi-isometric, then the quasi-isometry between them gives a homeomorphism between","psg_id":"17687353"},{"title":"Alexey Gromov","text":"the president, first in the Press Office, then as Press Attache, and, since 2008, as Deputy Chief of Staff. March 20th 2014, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) published that Gromov and 19 other men have been added to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN). On 12 May 2014, Gromov was added to the European Union sanctions list due to his role in the 2014 Crimean crisis. He is barred from entering the EU countries, and his assets in the EU have to be frozen. Gromov speaks fluent Czech, Slovak and English. He is married and they have two","psg_id":"14460535"},{"title":"Boris Kosarev","text":"a press operator on \"Electrosvet\" factory, at the same time he attended photo courses at the Society of Friends of the Soviet cinema. Boris offered his photographs to popular newspapers and magazines, the first works were published in the newspaper \"Vechernyaya Moskva\". In 1929 famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky invited Boris to work for his magazine \"Our achievements\", where Boris worked as photojournalist for couple of years. In 1929-1932 - pictures were published in the Soviet magazines \"RABIS\", \"Cinema and the life.\" 1932–1933 years – official photographer of Pribalhashstroy Construction, photographer of \"Soyuzfoto\" Agency. On his return to Moscow Boris","psg_id":"18926650"},{"title":"Boris Kabishev","text":"1986 and 1991. He lived in Moscow and died on 5 December 1998. Kabishev was buried in the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery. Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and","psg_id":"19518450"},{"title":"Boris Levit-Broun","text":"Boris Levit-Broun Boris Levit-Broun - Russian poet, writer, artist, was born on July 9, 1950 in Kiev. Parents: Mother – Mira Raiz, a classical pianist and teacher, she has been living in Germany since 1989 and still gives concerts. Father - Leonid Levit-Broun, a master of chamber photo portrait, photographer and artist, he was widely known in the 70–90 years in Ukraine and Russia. Being brought up in a family of soviet Jewish intellectuals in an atmosphere saturated with cultural and artistic interests (music, literature, painting) determined the early propensity of Boris Levit-Broun to the humanitarian sphere. In 1967, Boris","psg_id":"17571550"},{"title":"Soviet espionage in the United States","text":"advocacy of pro-Soviet policy and to enlarge the pool of potential recruits for espionage work. The illegal residency of NKVD in the US was established in 1934 by the former Berlin resident Boris Bazarov. In 1935, NKVD agent Iskhak Akhmerov entered the US with false identity papers to assist Bazarov in the collection of useful intelligence, and operated without interruption until 1939, when he left the US. Akhmerov's wife, an American who worked for Soviet intelligence, was Helen Lowry (Elza Akhmerova), the niece of CPUSA General Secretary Earl Browder. Recent information from Soviet archives has revealed that Browder's younger sister","psg_id":"5182712"},{"title":"Gromov Flight Research Institute","text":"Show (Aviasalon). At present, GFRI is also hosted Zhukovsky International Airport. The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of Sovnarkom and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gromov, a test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, became its first chief. From the very beginning the Institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities. The first years of the Institute's existence fell on the war times. During the war experts of","psg_id":"9703568"},{"title":"Boris Vladimirov","text":"He retired in 1960 and lived in Moscow. Vladimirov died on 1 May 1978 and was buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery. In 2010, Vladimirov's memoirs were posthumously published by Yauza/Eksmo as \"Divisional Commander: From Sinyavino Heights to the Elbe\" (). Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet","psg_id":"19849965"},{"title":"Boris Snetkov","text":"free Soviet elections, Snetkov, who was backed by the Communist Party, lost his seat, which represented a district in Yaroslavl, to reformist Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Podziruk, in a campaign focused on the issue of the existence of the Soviet draft. Snetkov married Aleksandra Ivanovna, who died 2011, and had a son, Vladislav Borisovich Snetkov, who also became an army officer, and who died in 1997. Snetkov was awarded the following decorations. Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II","psg_id":"20130831"},{"title":"Boris Plotnikov","text":"and in the crime drama \"Experts\" (2007) played a forensic medical worker. In 2006, director Natalya Bondarchuk invited Plotnikov to play the Chief of the Gendarmes of the Secret Chancellery, Leonti Dubelt, in the drama \"Pushkin. The Last Duel\". Boris Plotnikov also participated in the military themed series \"Everyone has his Own War\" (2011), \"Snipers: Love under Sight\" (2012), \"Fighters. The Last Battle\" (2015). Boris Plotnikov Boris Grigoryevich Plotnikov (, born 2 April 1949) is a Soviet and Russian film actor. His film debut was as Sotnikov in \"The Ascent\", the acclaimed final film of Russian director Larisa Shepitko. Plotnikov","psg_id":"14348175"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"converges in the pointed Gromov–Hausdorff sense. Another simple and very useful result in Riemannian geometry is Gromov's compactness theorem, which states that the set of Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \"c\" and diameter ≤ \"D\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The limit spaces are metric spaces. Additional properties on the length spaces have been proven by Cheeger and Colding. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance metric has been applied in the field of computer graphics and computational geometry to find correspondences between different shapes . The Gromov–Hausdorff distance has been used by Sormani to prove the stability of the Friedmann","psg_id":"2685827"},{"title":"Don't Leave...","text":"is lost, the chancellor commits suicide. It's clear to all that Marcella is mortally wounded. The prince sings her last song about hope, all present listen with tears in her eyes. Suddenly, Penapia's face expresses amazement: the rose on Marcella's breast gradually turns from blue to red. Don't Leave... Don't Leave ... () is a 1989 Soviet two-part television children's musical film directed by Leonid Nechayev, based on the play of the same name by Georgy Polonsky, which in turn is loosely based on the fairy tale of William Thackeray \"The Rose and the Ring\". The action takes place in","psg_id":"20604961"},{"title":"Boris Mozhayev","text":"planning a trilogy but could manage only several chapters of the third, autobiographical part, called \"Izgoy\" (The Outcast). In 1995 he started editing the \"Rossiya\" magazine but soon was diagnosed with cancer and retired. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev died on March 2, 1996, in Moscow. Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \"Zhivoy\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \"Peasant Men and Women\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported","psg_id":"17513292"},{"title":"Gromov–Witten invariant","text":"Gromov–Witten invariant In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold. The GW invariants may be packaged as a homology or cohomology class in an appropriate space, or as the deformed cup product of quantum cohomology. These invariants have been used to distinguish symplectic manifolds that were previously indistinguishable. They also play a crucial role in closed type IIA string theory. They are named after Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten. The rigorous mathematical definition of Gromov–Witten invariants is lengthy","psg_id":"5626679"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"is a path given by an isometry formula_3 such that each segment formula_4 is a path of shortest length from formula_1 to formula_6. Two geodesics formula_7 are defined to be equivalent if there is a constant formula_8 such that formula_9 for all formula_10. The equivalence class of formula_11 is denoted formula_12. The Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper hyperbolic metric space formula_2 is the set formula_14 is a geodesic ray in formula_15. It is useful to use the Gromov product of three points. The Gromov product of three points formula_16 in a metric space is formula_17. In a tree","psg_id":"17687351"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"their boundaries. This is important because homeomorphisms of compact spaces are much easier to understand than quasi-isometries of spaces. For a complete CAT(0) space \"X\", the visual boundary of \"X\", like the Gromov boundary of δ-hyperbolic space, consists of equivalence class of asymptotic geodesic rays. However, the Gromov product cannot be used to define a topology on it. For example, in the case of a flat plane, any two geodesic rays issuing from a point not heading in opposite directions will have infinite Gromov product with respect to that point. The visual boundary is instead endowed with the cone topology.","psg_id":"17687354"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"(graph theory), this measures how long the paths from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay together before diverging. Since hyperbolic spaces are tree-like, the Gromov product measures how long geodesics from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay close before diverging. Given a point formula_24 in the Gromov boundary, we define the sets formula_25 there are geodesic rays formula_7 with formula_27 and formula_28. These open sets form a basis for the topology of the Gromov boundary. These open sets are just the set of geodesic rays which follow one fixed geodesic ray up to a distance formula_29 before diverging. This topology","psg_id":"17687352"},{"title":"In the Country of Last Things","text":"novel ends with Anna considering the best way for them to leave the city, and telling the unknown acquaintance to whom she is writing that she will write again. It is unknown whether the letter was sent, and whether Anna, Victoria, Sam and Boris were successful in their attempt to leave the city. The 'last things' in the title of the book refers not only to the disappearance of manufactured objects and technology but also the fading of memories of them and the words used to describe them. As of 2013, a film adaptation directed by Alejandro Chomski was in","psg_id":"2787923"},{"title":"Gromov–Witten invariant","text":"the symplectic manifold \"X\". To interpret the Gromov–Witten invariant geometrically, let β be a homology class in formula_1 and α, ..., α homology classes in \"X\", such that the sum of the codimensions of β, α, ..., α equals \"d\". These induce homology classes in \"Y\" by the Künneth formula. Let where formula_13 denotes the intersection product in the rational homology of \"Y\". This is a rational number, the Gromov–Witten invariant for the given classes. This number gives a \"virtual\" count of the number of pseudoholomorphic curves (in the class \"A\", of genus \"g\", with domain in the β-part of","psg_id":"5626682"},{"title":"Boris Vladimirov","text":"Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Vladimirov successively became senior officer in charge of the formation of march battalions in the Siberian Military District, chief of staff of a ski brigade, and a rifle brigade. He commanded the rifle brigade in the Siege of Leningrad,","psg_id":"19849958"},{"title":"Antisemitism in the Soviet Union","text":"the 1917 Revolution. As early as 1907, Stalin wrote a letter differentiating between a \"Jewish faction\" and a \"true Russian faction\" in Bolshevism. Stalin's secretary Boris Bazhanov stated that Stalin made crude antisemitic outbursts even before Lenin's death. It's also possible that Stalin's attitudes towards Trotsky, a Ukrainian Jew, may have influenced his views of Jews in general. Stalin adopted antisemitic policies which were reinforced with his anti-Westernism. Since antisemitism was associated with Nazi Germany and was officially condemned by the Soviet system, the Soviet Union and other communist states used the cover-term \"anti-Zionism\" for their antisemitic policies. Antisemitism, as","psg_id":"14320879"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"of the sequence. The Gromov–Hausdorff space is path-connected, complete, and separable. It is also geodesic, i.e., any two of its points are the endpoints of a minimizing geodesic. In the global sense, the Gromov-Hausdorff space is totally heterogeneous, i.e., its isometry group is trivial, but locally there are many nontrivial isometries. The pointed Gromov–Hausdorff convergence is an analog of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence appropriate for non-compact spaces. A pointed metric space is a pair (\"X\",\"p\") consisting of a metric space \"X\" and point \"p\" in \"X\". A sequence (\"X, p\") of pointed metric spaces converges to a pointed metric space (\"Y\", \"p\")","psg_id":"2685825"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"\"Y\"→\"M\". Here \"d\" denotes Hausdorff distance between subsets in \"M\" and the \"isometric embedding\" is understood in the global sense, i.e. it must preserve all distances, not only infinitesimally small ones; for example no compact Riemannian manifold admits such an embedding into Euclidean space of the same dimension. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance turns the set of all isometry classes of compact metric spaces into a metric space, called Gromov–Hausdorff space, and it therefore defines a notion of convergence for sequences of compact metric spaces, called Gromov–Hausdorff convergence. A metric space to which such a sequence converges is called the Gromov-Hausdorff limit","psg_id":"2685824"},{"title":"Taubes's Gromov invariant","text":"index for the cylindrical case, and again, the curves are pseudoholomorphic with respect to a suitable almost complex structure. The result is a topological invariant of Y, which Taubes proved is isomorphic to monopole Floer homology, a version of Seiberg–Witten homology for Y. Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants","psg_id":"6324546"},{"title":"Taubes's Gromov invariant","text":"Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants derived from the Seiberg–Witten equations in a series of four long papers. Much of the analytical complexity connected to this invariant comes from properly counting multiply covered pseudoholomorphic curves so that the result is invariant of the choice of almost complex structure. The","psg_id":"6324544"},{"title":"Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)","text":"apparatchiks to fill the membership of its new legislative body. Outspoken opposition leader Yeltsin obtained a seat in the Supreme Soviet only when another deputy relinquished his position. The first Congress of People's Deputies was the last moment of real control for Gorbachev over the political life of the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of People's Deputies formed under the name of the Inter-Regional Group. The members of this body included almost all of the liberal and Russian nationalist members of the opposition led by Boris Yeltsin. A primary issue for","psg_id":"6281487"},{"title":"Boris Dubrovin","text":"systems, geometry of isomonodromic deformations, theta functions on Riemann surfaces, and nonlinear waves. Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants,","psg_id":"20883983"},{"title":"Boris Dubrovin","text":"Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants, singularity theory, normal forms of integrable partial differential equations, Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic","psg_id":"20883982"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"if, for each \"R\" > 0, the sequence of closed \"R\"-balls around \"p\" in \"X\" converges to the closed \"R\"-ball around \"p\" in \"Y\" in the usual Gromov–Hausdorff sense. The notion of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence was first used by Gromov to prove that any discrete group with polynomial growth is virtually nilpotent (i.e. it contains a nilpotent subgroup of finite index). See Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. (Also see D. Edwards for an earlier work.) The key ingredient in the proof was the observation that for the Cayley graph of a group with polynomial growth a sequence of rescalings","psg_id":"2685826"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"a presentation at the International Congress of Mathematicians in France, he was not allowed to leave the USSR. Still, his lecture was published in the conference proceedings. Disagreeing with the Soviet system, he had been thinking of emigrating since the age of 14. In the early 1970s he ceased publication, hoping that this would help his application to move to Israel. He changed his last name to that of his mother. When the request was granted in 1974, he moved directly to New York where a position had been arranged for him at Stony Brook. In 1981 he left Stony","psg_id":"3370078"},{"title":"1989 October Revolution Parade","text":"1989 October Revolution Parade The 1989 October Revolution Parade was a parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 7 November 1989 to commemorate the 72th anniversary of the socialist revolution in the Russian Empire in 1917. Mikhail Gorbachev the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Nikolai Ryzhkov the Premier of the Soviet Union was on Lenin's Mausoleum watching the parade. This would be the last time that Gorbachev would be at the parade in the capacity of General Secretary. General of the Army and Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov made his 3rd","psg_id":"19909784"},{"title":"Boris Shilkov","text":"Boris Shilkov Boris Arsenyevich Shilkov (; 28 June 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a speed skater. Competing for the Soviet Union, Shilkov lived in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), where he worked as an engineer. He became Soviet Allround Champion in 1953 and made his international debut three weeks later at the World Allround Championships, where he won silver behind teammate and rival Oleg Goncharenko after having just recovered from an illness. The following year (1954) he became Soviet Allround Champion again (with Goncharenko, again, winning silver), European Allround Champion (with Goncharenko finishing 4th), and World Allround Champion (with Goncharenko","psg_id":"7281811"},{"title":"1989 Argentine general election","text":"1989 Argentine general election The Argentine general election of 1989 was held on 14 May 1989. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 85.3%, Carlos Menem won the presidency, and the Justicialist Party won the control of both houses of Congress. This is the last presidential election the president was elected by the electoral college. Inheriting a difficult legacy from his military predecessors, President Raúl Alfonsín's tenure had been practically defined by the foreign debt Argentina's last dictatorship left behind. Signs of unraveling in Alfonsín's 1985 Austral Plan for economic stabilization cost his centrist","psg_id":"11519252"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Russian Federation. In 1994 Gromov retired from the Russian Armed Forces, and was soon appointed deputy Interior Minister. He was elected in 1995 to the State Duma, lower house of the Russian parliament. In January 2000 he was elected governor of the Moscow region and re-elected in December 2003. Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6615516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feliks Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"cruisers \\\"Senyavin\\\" and the \\\"Dmitry Pozharsky\\\". In 1977 Gromov became commander of a squadron of surface ships in the Baltic Fleet and was transferred to the Soviet Northern Fleet in 1982. In 1984 he became deputy commander of the Soviet Northern Fleet and was promoted to its commander in 1988. In 1992 Gromov was given command of the Russian Navy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet by Boris Yeltsin in 1996 and retired in 1997 at age 60, the mandated retirement age for Admirals and Fleet Admirals. The Jamestown Foundation speculated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7408770\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"mother, who worked as a medical doctor in the Soviet Army, had to leave the front line in order to give birth to him. When Gromov was nine years old, his mother gave him the book \\\"The Enjoyment of Mathematics\\\" by Hans Rademacher and Otto Toeplitz, a book that piqued his curiosity and had a great influence on him. Gromov studied mathematics at Leningrad State University where he obtained a master's degree in 1965, a Doctorate in 1969 and defended his Postdoctoral Thesis in 1973. His thesis advisor was Vladimir Rokhlin. Gromov married in 1967. In 1970, invited to give\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370077\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign The 1991 presidential campaign of Boris Yeltsin, was the successful campaign by then-Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia in Russia's first presidential election. Yeltsin ran as an independent candidate. His running mate was People's Deputy and former soldier Alexander Rutskoy. Receiving more than 50% of the vote in the first round of the election, the Yeltsin-Rutskoy ticket won the election with an overwhelming margin over their closest competitors, the Ryzhkov-Gromov ticket. Thus Boris Yeltsin and Alexander Rutskoy were elected 1st President of Russia and 1st Vice President of Russia respectively. On March 17, 1991,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20776617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov has won several prizes, including the Abel Prize in 2009 \\\"for his revolutionary contributions to geometry\\\". Mikhail Gromov was born on 23 December 1943 in Boksitogorsk, Soviet Union. His father Leonid Gromov and his Jewish mother Lea Rabinovitz were pathologists. Gromov was born during World War II, and his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Gromov (military)\",\n \"text\": \"institute in 1991 to celebrate 50th anniversary of the institute. In late 1940th initiated the establishment of the Fedotov Test Pilot School. The Gromov Medal was established in March 2011 by the Gromov Flight Research Institute as a highest corporate award in memory of the founder of the institute. Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4231858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, proclaimed that the summit was the beginning of normalized state-to-state relations. The meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and then General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20669023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexey Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"sons, Alexey and Danila. Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14460536\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexey Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he has worked directly for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14460534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I, a Russian soldier\",\n \"text\": \"Russian soldier Jew finally said on German. German general ordered his soldiers to salute the last Soviet defender of the fortress. I, a Russian soldier I, a Russian soldier (, translit. Ya — Russkiy soldat) is Russian film about the famous episode of the Eastern Front — the Defense of Brest Fortress, based on the novel by Boris Vasilyev \\\"His Name is Not in the List\\\". The film begins on June 21, 1941, one day before the German invasion. Lieutenant Nikolay Pluzhnikov, a former cadet in the border guards school, is posted at the border in Brest. Nikolay and his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19220652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit\",\n \"text\": \"though Gorbachev did not say it directly during the Summit or afterward, he sympathized with the protestors as they were pushing for the political changes that Gorbachev had implemented in the Soviet Union. 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20669033\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Gromov (military)\",\n \"text\": \"Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started working as a test pilot testing the aeroplanes designed by Andrei Tupolev and Nikolai Polikarpov. Later became chief-pilot of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. On 25 April 1927 made the first Soviet parachute jump out of a Polikarpov I-1 under testing that had entered an unrecoverable spin. In June-September 1925\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4231856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Census (1989)\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \\\"1989 All-Union Census\\\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1 April 1990 census), although it was well behind China and India. In 1989, about half of the Soviet Union's total population lived in the Russian SFSR, and approximately one-sixth (18%) of them in Ukraine. Almost two-thirds\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10007131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Snetkov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II as a self-propelled artillery officer and during the Cold War rose to command positions. He commanded the 1st Guards Tank Army and served as first deputy commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany during the 1970s. Snetkov led the Siberian Military District and the Leningrad Military District in the 1980s and in 1987 became commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG), which in 1989 became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20130817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kosarev\",\n \"text\": \"1989. Boris’s son, Aleksander Kosarev (1944–2013), took over Boris’s creative route and became Russian film director, Honored Art Worker of Russia, screenwriter and actor, poet. Photo works \\\"Snowing\\\", \\\"Before the Storm\\\" and \\\"The first space flight\\\" were internationally awarded with medals and prizes Solo exhibitions: Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18926654\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Union legislative election\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Soviet Union legislative election In 1989, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. The main elections were held on 26 March and a second round on 9 April. They were the first relatively free nationwide elections held in the Soviet Union, and would prove to be the final national elections held as the country ceased to exist in 1991. The elections were followed by regional elections in 1990, the last legislative elections to take place in the country. In January 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14793134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Gulko\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Gulko Boris Franzevich Gulko (; born February 9, 1947) is a Soviet-American International Grandmaster in chess. His peak Elo rating was 2644 in 2000. Gulko is noted to be the only person to win both the Soviet Chess Championship and the U.S. Chess Championship, and for having a positive score against Garry Kasparov. Boris Gulko was born in 1947 to a Jewish family. His father was a soldier of the Red Army and was stationed in East Germany. His family returned to the Soviet Union after a few years. Gulko became an International Master in 1975, and a Grandmaster\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4292252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Census (1989)\",\n \"text\": \"significant slowdown may in part be due to the remarkable socio-economic changes that followed the disintegration of the USSR, that have tended to reduce even more the already decreasing birth rates (which were already showing some signs of decline since the Soviet era, in particular among the people living in the European part of the Soviet Union). The next census was possibly planned for 1999. Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \\\"1989 All-Union Census\\\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10007134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Word to the People\",\n \"text\": \"A Word to the People \\\"A Word to the People\\\" (Russian: «Слово к народу») was an open letter signed by twelve Soviet public figures. The declaration was published in \\\"Sovetskaya Rossiya\\\" (a newspaper that expressed anti-perestroika views) on 23 July 1991. The signers included writers Yuri Bondarev, Valentin Rasputin and Alexander Prokhanov, singer Lyudmila Zykina, war generals Valentin Varennikov and Boris Gromov, sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov, scientist and politicians Gennady Zyuganov, Vasily Starodubtsev, and . The authors of the writing appealed to the citizens of the country, severely criticizing the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, and they pleaded to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13371582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kosarev\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was born on 29 October 1911, in a small town of Odoyev, Tula Governorate. When Boris turned 14, his father gave him a camera as a present. He printed photographic plates, learned to work with photographic chemicals, learned how to print photographs. 1927-1929 he worked as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18926649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"p\\\" and let formula_8 and formula_9 be two distinct points at infinity. Then the limit exists and is finite, and therefore can be considered as a generalized Gromov product. It is actually given by the formula where formula_12 is the angle between the geodesic rays formula_13 and formula_14. The Gromov product can be used to define \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic spaces in the sense of Gromov.: (\\\"X\\\", \\\"d\\\") is said to be \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic if, for all \\\"p\\\", \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\" and \\\"z\\\" in \\\"X\\\", In this case. Gromov product measures how long geodesics remain close together. Namely, if \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\" and \\\"z\\\" are three\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Cup Final\",\n \"text\": \"was during the last season when in the semifinals Torpedo once again defeated Dnipro in overtime playing at home. 1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14752275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Cup Final\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The last year defending champions Metalist Kharkiv were eliminated in the second round of the competition by FC Torpedo Moscow\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14752273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Meissner\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Meissner Boris Meissner (August 10, 1915 Pskov - September 10, 2003 Cologne) was a German lawyer and social scientist, specializing in international law and Eastern European history and politics. Meissner was the son of Artur Meissner, a judge of Baltic German extraction, and spent his childhood in Pärnu, Estonia. He attended Tartu University, where he received a first degree in Economics (Diplom rer. oec.) in 1935. He then studied Law in Tartu until he had to leave Estonia following the Soviet occupation in 1940. He was able to continue his studies at Posen University, where he also worked as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9587308\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feliks Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"that Gromov was dismissed because of a Russian Pacific Fleet ammunition explosion which seems to have attracted wide attention. Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7408771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Pavlovich Belousov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of World War I, Belousov tried to join the army, but was denied for health reasons. He took up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2180383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Pavlovich Belousov\",\n \"text\": \"and Zhabotinsky. Belousov was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize in 1980 for his work on the BZ reaction. Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2180386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maxim Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the political party The Other Russia. He is also the leader of the human rights organization Prisoners' Union. In 2000 Gromov sewed his lips shut in protest over censorship in Russia. On 14 September 2003 Gromov was part of a group of 16 national-bolsheviks who occupied a train in Lithuania. Gromov was detained and stayed under arrest for 40 days. On 3 December 2003 Gromov was part\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17589082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"of convex integration and the h-principle, a very general way to solve underdetermined partial differential equations and the basis for a geometric theory of these equations. In the 1980s, Gromov introduced the Gromov–Hausdorff metric, a measure of the difference between two compact metric spaces. In this context he proved Gromov's compactness theorem, stating that the set of compact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \\\"c\\\" and diameter ≤ \\\"D\\\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The possible limit points of sequences of such manifolds are Alexandrov spaces of curvature ≥ \\\"c\\\", a class of metric spaces studied in detail\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov norm\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \\\"n\\\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \\\"n\\\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10224986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov norm\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \\\"n\\\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \\\"n\\\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10224985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\\\"X\\\", \\\"d\\\") be a metric space and let \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" ∈ \\\"X\\\". Then the Gromov product of \\\"y\\\" and \\\"z\\\" at \\\"x\\\", denoted (\\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\"), is defined by Given three points \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" in the metric space \\\"X\\\", by the triangle inequality there exist non-negative numbers \\\"a\\\", \\\"b\\\", \\\"c\\\" such that formula_2. Then the Gromov products are formula_3.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maxim Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"In 2008 Gromov cofounded the non-governmental organization Prisoners' Union. Since 2009 Gromov has taken part in the actions of Strategy-31, a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia. On 31 July 2011 he was arrested during the action, during which he was beaten by police and hospitalized. In 2011 Gromov initiated the art project \\\"Children of prisoners of conscience\\\". Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17589084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"points of a \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic metric space then the initial segments of length (\\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\") of geodesics from \\\"x\\\" to \\\"y\\\" and \\\"x\\\" to \\\"z\\\" are no further than 2\\\"δ\\\" apart (in the sense of the Hausdorff distance between closed sets). Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\\\"X\\\", \\\"d\\\") be a metric space and let \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" ∈ \\\"X\\\". Then the Gromov product of \\\"y\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feliks Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962 and served on the Sverdlov class cruiser \\\"Admiral Senyavin\\\" and the Kotlin class destroyer \\\"Vdokhnovennyy\\\". He subsequently commanded the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7408769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Mikhailovich Belousov\",\n \"text\": \"during the Gorbachev era. He was appointed to the post in July 1989 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Nikolai I. Ryzhkov. Boris Mikhailovich Belousov Boris Mikhailovich Belousov (born 1934) is a Soviet politician who held different cabinet posts, including Minister of Defense Industry. Belousov was born in 1934. He received a degree in electronic engineering from the Taganrog Radio Technical Institute. Belousov was a member of the Communist Party. He worked in Izhevsk in the field of general machine-building. He served as the department head at the Udmur CPSU Obkom and director of the Izhevsk mechanical plant. His\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17798348\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"field of symplectic topology by introducing the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves. This led to Gromov–Witten invariants which are used in string theory and to his non-squeezing theorem. Gromov is also interested in mathematical biology, the structure of the brain and the thinking process, and the way scientific ideas evolve. Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"model in Cosmology. This model of cosmology is not stable with respect to smooth variations of the metric. In a special case, the concept of Gromov–Hausdorff limits is closely related to Large deviations theory. Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \\\"X\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kabishev\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff, Kabishev led the 3rd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19518442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding to positive and negative infinity. There are several equivalent definitions of the Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper δ-hyperbolic space. One of the most common uses equivalence classes of geodesic rays. Pick some point formula_1 of a hyperbolic metric space formula_2 to be the origin. A geodesic ray\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Mozhayev\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \\\"Zhivoy\\\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \\\"Peasant Men and Women\\\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported by Alexander Tvardovsky and admired by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Mozhayev experienced serious difficulties with publishing his harshly realistic, tinged with bitter humour Village prose, dealing with trials and tribulations of the Soviet peasantry in the years of collectivisation and beyond. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev was born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17513286\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Nikolsky\",\n \"text\": \"ions (see Nikolsky-Eisenman equation and Nikolsky-Shultz-Eisenman thermodynamic ion-exchange theory of GE) and so on. Boris Nikolsky also actively participated in the Soviet nuclear program. In 1952-1974 he was the senior scientist and the chairman of scientific committee at the Soviet nuclear fuel reprocessing plant Mayak, where he worked on the technology of processing and refining of plutonium. In 1961-1963 he was the chairman of the chemistry department at Leningrad State University. General publications on the glass electrode theory Boris Nikolsky was a co-author of the monumental textbook on physical chemistry and an editor-in-chief of the most comprehensive multivolume handbook of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4597062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Nikonorov\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet junior title and was included to the national team. He retired in 1966 with an estimated record of 250 wins out of 265 bouts. During his career he won the Soviet championships in the featherweight (1959–60) and lightweight divisions (1962–63, 1965–66). In retirement he coached boxers in his club Trudovye Rezervy, and was also involved with the Bulgarian (1970–74) and Soviet (1989) national teams. His trainees included 1972 Olympic medalists Georgi Kostadinov and Angel Angelov. Boris Nikonorov Boris Nikolayevich Nikonorov (, 25 January 1939 – 30 August 2015) was a Russian amateur boxer who won a silver medal in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19420744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"conjecture concerns the classification of groups with a 2-sphere at infinity: Cannon's conjecture: Every Gromov hyperbolic group with a 2-sphere at infinity acts geometrically on hyperbolic 3-space. The analog to this conjecture is known to be true for 1-spheres and false for spheres of all dimension greater than 2. Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris at Last: Feedbacker\",\n \"text\": \"Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \\\"Feedbacker\\\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500 which was released by Diwphalanx Records. This DVD was originally an unofficial recording of the band performing the entirety of \\\"Feedbacker\\\" live in New York and entitled \\\"Bootleg -Feedbacker-\\\". The official DVD release depicts a different member of the band lying in a pool of blood similar to the album cover. The album incorporates many different rock elements and because of it has become a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8958152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris at Last: Feedbacker\",\n \"text\": \"song that the band frequently revisits on tour. On 13 September 2009, as a special set for the Flaming Lips-curated day of All Tomorrow's Parties New York 2009 in Monticello, Boris performed the album in its entirety. They performed the album again at the Pavement curated ATP at Minehead Butlin's on 15 May 2010. Note: Some versions contain the same song split into 5 movements. Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \\\"Feedbacker\\\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8958153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \\\"X\\\" and \\\"Y\\\" are two compact metric spaces, then \\\"d\\\" (\\\"X\\\", \\\"Y\\\") is defined to be the infimum of all numbers \\\"d\\\"(\\\"f\\\"(\\\"X\\\"), \\\"g\\\"(\\\"Y\\\")) for all metric spaces \\\"M\\\" and all isometric embeddings \\\"f\\\": \\\"X\\\"→\\\"M\\\" and \\\"g\\\":\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"by Burago, Gromov and Perelman in 1992. Gromov was also the first to study the space of all possible Riemannian structures on a given manifold. Gromov introduced geometric group theory, the study of infinite groups via the geometry of their Cayley graphs and their word metric. In 1981 he proved Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth: a finitely generated group has polynomial growth (a geometric property) if and only if it is virtually nilpotent (an algebraic property). The proof uses the Gromov–Hausdorff metric mentioned above. Along with Eliyahu Rips he introduced the notion of hyperbolic groups. Gromov founded the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"that Gorbachev still retained his role as leader of the Soviet Union. Following the failed August coup of 1991, Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary. He was succeeded by his deputy, Vladimir Ivashko, who only served for five days as Acting General Secretary before Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia, suspended all activity in the Communist Party. Following the party's ban, the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP–CPSU) was established by Oleg Shenin in 1993. The UCP–CPSU works as a framework for reviving and restoring the CPSU. The organisation has members in all the former\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2271587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6\",\n \"text\": \"last season Bukovyna, Volyn also failed to earn promotion to the First League as it lost the inter-zonal playoffs. The following were the top ten goalscorers. 1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 59th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League. The Soviet Second League was split after the season and all national (republican) competitions were placed at the lower league (4th division), while the upper league (3rd division) was transformed into a buffer league. The 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18674745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky\",\n \"text\": \"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with high building density. This area was actively built up by merchants' shop buildings and residential houses\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20804430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky\",\n \"text\": \"building\\\". The size of the plaque is 50x50 cm. She signature is covered with bronze paint. The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20804433\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The New Leave It to Beaver\",\n \"text\": \"The New Leave It to Beaver The New Leave It to Beaver (also known as Still the Beaver) is an American sitcom sequel to the original 1957–1963 sitcom \\\"Leave It to Beaver\\\". The series began with the 1983 reunion television movie \\\"Still the Beaver\\\" that aired on CBS in March 1983. The success of the television movie prompted the creation of a revival series, also titled \\\"Still the Beaver\\\", that aired on the Disney Channel from 1984 to 1985. In 1986, the series was picked up by TBS where it aired until June 1989. \\\"The New Leave It to Beaver\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6719236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet–Afghan War\",\n \"text\": \"the Soviets had negotiated ceasefires with local mujahideen commanders, so the withdrawal was generally executed peacefully, except for the operation \\\"Typhoon\\\". General Yazov, the Defense Minister of Soviet Union, ordered the 40th Army to violate the agreement with Ahmed Shah Masood, who commanded a large force in the Panjshir Valley, and attack his relaxed and exposed forces. The Soviet attack was initiated to protect Najibullah, who did not have a cease fire in effect with Masood, and who rightly feared an offensive by Masood's forces after the Soviet withdrawal. General Gromov, the 40th Army Commander, objected to the operation, but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"844658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Where Were You Last Night (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Where Were You Last Night (song) \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \\\"Trackslistan\\\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \\\"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\\\" (aka \\\"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\\\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog number PSDR-1010, and cassette tape catalog number PSSR-1010. This was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10498110\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Where Were You Last Night (song)\",\n \"text\": \"cover originally sung by Ankie Bagger. Japanese lyrics by Neko OIKAWA. Where Were You Last Night (song) \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \\\"Trackslistan\\\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \\\"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\\\" (aka \\\"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\\\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10498111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"In the case that the points \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" are the outer nodes of a tripod then these Gromov products are the lengths of the edges. In the hyperbolic, spherical or euclidean plane, the Gromov product (\\\"A\\\", \\\"B\\\") equals the distance \\\"p\\\" between \\\"C\\\" and the point where the incircle of the geodesic triangle \\\"ABC\\\" touches the edge \\\"CB\\\" or \\\"CA\\\". Indeed from the diagram , so that . Thus for any metric space, a geometric interpretation of (\\\"A\\\", \\\"B\\\") is obtained by isometrically embedding (A, B, C) into the euclidean plane. Consider hyperbolic space H. Fix a base point\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"makes the Gromov boundary into a compact metrizable space. The number of ends of a hyperbolic group is the number of components of the Gromov boundary. The Gromov boundary has several important properties. One of the most frequently used properties in group theory is the following: if a group formula_30 acts geometrically on a δ-hyperbolic space, then formula_30 is hyperbolic group and formula_30 and formula_2 have homeomorphic Gromov boundaries. One of the most important properties is that it is a quasi-isometry invariant; that is, if two hyperbolic metric spaces are quasi-isometric, then the quasi-isometry between them gives a homeomorphism between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexey Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"the president, first in the Press Office, then as Press Attache, and, since 2008, as Deputy Chief of Staff. March 20th 2014, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) published that Gromov and 19 other men have been added to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN). On 12 May 2014, Gromov was added to the European Union sanctions list due to his role in the 2014 Crimean crisis. He is barred from entering the EU countries, and his assets in the EU have to be frozen. Gromov speaks fluent Czech, Slovak and English. He is married and they have two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14460535\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kosarev\",\n \"text\": \"a press operator on \\\"Electrosvet\\\" factory, at the same time he attended photo courses at the Society of Friends of the Soviet cinema. Boris offered his photographs to popular newspapers and magazines, the first works were published in the newspaper \\\"Vechernyaya Moskva\\\". In 1929 famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky invited Boris to work for his magazine \\\"Our achievements\\\", where Boris worked as photojournalist for couple of years. In 1929-1932 - pictures were published in the Soviet magazines \\\"RABIS\\\", \\\"Cinema and the life.\\\" 1932–1933 years – official photographer of Pribalhashstroy Construction, photographer of \\\"Soyuzfoto\\\" Agency. On his return to Moscow Boris\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18926650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kabishev\",\n \"text\": \"1986 and 1991. He lived in Moscow and died on 5 December 1998. Kabishev was buried in the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery. Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19518450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Levit-Broun\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Levit-Broun Boris Levit-Broun - Russian poet, writer, artist, was born on July 9, 1950 in Kiev. Parents: Mother – Mira Raiz, a classical pianist and teacher, she has been living in Germany since 1989 and still gives concerts. Father - Leonid Levit-Broun, a master of chamber photo portrait, photographer and artist, he was widely known in the 70–90 years in Ukraine and Russia. Being brought up in a family of soviet Jewish intellectuals in an atmosphere saturated with cultural and artistic interests (music, literature, painting) determined the early propensity of Boris Levit-Broun to the humanitarian sphere. In 1967, Boris\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17571550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet espionage in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"advocacy of pro-Soviet policy and to enlarge the pool of potential recruits for espionage work. The illegal residency of NKVD in the US was established in 1934 by the former Berlin resident Boris Bazarov. In 1935, NKVD agent Iskhak Akhmerov entered the US with false identity papers to assist Bazarov in the collection of useful intelligence, and operated without interruption until 1939, when he left the US. Akhmerov's wife, an American who worked for Soviet intelligence, was Helen Lowry (Elza Akhmerova), the niece of CPUSA General Secretary Earl Browder. Recent information from Soviet archives has revealed that Browder's younger sister\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5182712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov Flight Research Institute\",\n \"text\": \"Show (Aviasalon). At present, GFRI is also hosted Zhukovsky International Airport. The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of Sovnarkom and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gromov, a test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, became its first chief. From the very beginning the Institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities. The first years of the Institute's existence fell on the war times. During the war experts of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9703568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Vladimirov\",\n \"text\": \"He retired in 1960 and lived in Moscow. Vladimirov died on 1 May 1978 and was buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery. In 2010, Vladimirov's memoirs were posthumously published by Yauza/Eksmo as \\\"Divisional Commander: From Sinyavino Heights to the Elbe\\\" (). Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19849965\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Snetkov\",\n \"text\": \"free Soviet elections, Snetkov, who was backed by the Communist Party, lost his seat, which represented a district in Yaroslavl, to reformist Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Podziruk, in a campaign focused on the issue of the existence of the Soviet draft. Snetkov married Aleksandra Ivanovna, who died 2011, and had a son, Vladislav Borisovich Snetkov, who also became an army officer, and who died in 1997. Snetkov was awarded the following decorations. Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20130831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Plotnikov\",\n \"text\": \"and in the crime drama \\\"Experts\\\" (2007) played a forensic medical worker. In 2006, director Natalya Bondarchuk invited Plotnikov to play the Chief of the Gendarmes of the Secret Chancellery, Leonti Dubelt, in the drama \\\"Pushkin. The Last Duel\\\". Boris Plotnikov also participated in the military themed series \\\"Everyone has his Own War\\\" (2011), \\\"Snipers: Love under Sight\\\" (2012), \\\"Fighters. The Last Battle\\\" (2015). Boris Plotnikov Boris Grigoryevich Plotnikov (, born 2 April 1949) is a Soviet and Russian film actor. His film debut was as Sotnikov in \\\"The Ascent\\\", the acclaimed final film of Russian director Larisa Shepitko. Plotnikov\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14348175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"converges in the pointed Gromov–Hausdorff sense. Another simple and very useful result in Riemannian geometry is Gromov's compactness theorem, which states that the set of Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \\\"c\\\" and diameter ≤ \\\"D\\\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The limit spaces are metric spaces. Additional properties on the length spaces have been proven by Cheeger and Colding. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance metric has been applied in the field of computer graphics and computational geometry to find correspondences between different shapes . The Gromov–Hausdorff distance has been used by Sormani to prove the stability of the Friedmann\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don't Leave...\",\n \"text\": \"is lost, the chancellor commits suicide. It's clear to all that Marcella is mortally wounded. The prince sings her last song about hope, all present listen with tears in her eyes. Suddenly, Penapia's face expresses amazement: the rose on Marcella's breast gradually turns from blue to red. Don't Leave... Don't Leave ... () is a 1989 Soviet two-part television children's musical film directed by Leonid Nechayev, based on the play of the same name by Georgy Polonsky, which in turn is loosely based on the fairy tale of William Thackeray \\\"The Rose and the Ring\\\". The action takes place in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20604961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Mozhayev\",\n \"text\": \"planning a trilogy but could manage only several chapters of the third, autobiographical part, called \\\"Izgoy\\\" (The Outcast). In 1995 he started editing the \\\"Rossiya\\\" magazine but soon was diagnosed with cancer and retired. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev died on March 2, 1996, in Moscow. Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \\\"Zhivoy\\\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \\\"Peasant Men and Women\\\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17513292\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Witten invariant\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov–Witten invariant In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold. The GW invariants may be packaged as a homology or cohomology class in an appropriate space, or as the deformed cup product of quantum cohomology. These invariants have been used to distinguish symplectic manifolds that were previously indistinguishable. They also play a crucial role in closed type IIA string theory. They are named after Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten. The rigorous mathematical definition of Gromov–Witten invariants is lengthy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5626679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"is a path given by an isometry formula_3 such that each segment formula_4 is a path of shortest length from formula_1 to formula_6. Two geodesics formula_7 are defined to be equivalent if there is a constant formula_8 such that formula_9 for all formula_10. The equivalence class of formula_11 is denoted formula_12. The Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper hyperbolic metric space formula_2 is the set formula_14 is a geodesic ray in formula_15. It is useful to use the Gromov product of three points. The Gromov product of three points formula_16 in a metric space is formula_17. In a tree\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"their boundaries. This is important because homeomorphisms of compact spaces are much easier to understand than quasi-isometries of spaces. For a complete CAT(0) space \\\"X\\\", the visual boundary of \\\"X\\\", like the Gromov boundary of δ-hyperbolic space, consists of equivalence class of asymptotic geodesic rays. However, the Gromov product cannot be used to define a topology on it. For example, in the case of a flat plane, any two geodesic rays issuing from a point not heading in opposite directions will have infinite Gromov product with respect to that point. The visual boundary is instead endowed with the cone topology.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"(graph theory), this measures how long the paths from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay together before diverging. Since hyperbolic spaces are tree-like, the Gromov product measures how long geodesics from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay close before diverging. Given a point formula_24 in the Gromov boundary, we define the sets formula_25 there are geodesic rays formula_7 with formula_27 and formula_28. These open sets form a basis for the topology of the Gromov boundary. These open sets are just the set of geodesic rays which follow one fixed geodesic ray up to a distance formula_29 before diverging. This topology\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Country of Last Things\",\n \"text\": \"novel ends with Anna considering the best way for them to leave the city, and telling the unknown acquaintance to whom she is writing that she will write again. It is unknown whether the letter was sent, and whether Anna, Victoria, Sam and Boris were successful in their attempt to leave the city. The 'last things' in the title of the book refers not only to the disappearance of manufactured objects and technology but also the fading of memories of them and the words used to describe them. As of 2013, a film adaptation directed by Alejandro Chomski was in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2787923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Witten invariant\",\n \"text\": \"the symplectic manifold \\\"X\\\". To interpret the Gromov–Witten invariant geometrically, let β be a homology class in formula_1 and α, ..., α homology classes in \\\"X\\\", such that the sum of the codimensions of β, α, ..., α equals \\\"d\\\". These induce homology classes in \\\"Y\\\" by the Künneth formula. Let where formula_13 denotes the intersection product in the rational homology of \\\"Y\\\". This is a rational number, the Gromov–Witten invariant for the given classes. This number gives a \\\"virtual\\\" count of the number of pseudoholomorphic curves (in the class \\\"A\\\", of genus \\\"g\\\", with domain in the β-part of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5626682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Vladimirov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Vladimirov successively became senior officer in charge of the formation of march battalions in the Siberian Military District, chief of staff of a ski brigade, and a rifle brigade. He commanded the rifle brigade in the Siege of Leningrad,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19849958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Antisemitism in the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"the 1917 Revolution. As early as 1907, Stalin wrote a letter differentiating between a \\\"Jewish faction\\\" and a \\\"true Russian faction\\\" in Bolshevism. Stalin's secretary Boris Bazhanov stated that Stalin made crude antisemitic outbursts even before Lenin's death. It's also possible that Stalin's attitudes towards Trotsky, a Ukrainian Jew, may have influenced his views of Jews in general. Stalin adopted antisemitic policies which were reinforced with his anti-Westernism. Since antisemitism was associated with Nazi Germany and was officially condemned by the Soviet system, the Soviet Union and other communist states used the cover-term \\\"anti-Zionism\\\" for their antisemitic policies. Antisemitism, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14320879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"of the sequence. The Gromov–Hausdorff space is path-connected, complete, and separable. It is also geodesic, i.e., any two of its points are the endpoints of a minimizing geodesic. In the global sense, the Gromov-Hausdorff space is totally heterogeneous, i.e., its isometry group is trivial, but locally there are many nontrivial isometries. The pointed Gromov–Hausdorff convergence is an analog of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence appropriate for non-compact spaces. A pointed metric space is a pair (\\\"X\\\",\\\"p\\\") consisting of a metric space \\\"X\\\" and point \\\"p\\\" in \\\"X\\\". A sequence (\\\"X, p\\\") of pointed metric spaces converges to a pointed metric space (\\\"Y\\\", \\\"p\\\")\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685825\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Y\\\"→\\\"M\\\". Here \\\"d\\\" denotes Hausdorff distance between subsets in \\\"M\\\" and the \\\"isometric embedding\\\" is understood in the global sense, i.e. it must preserve all distances, not only infinitesimally small ones; for example no compact Riemannian manifold admits such an embedding into Euclidean space of the same dimension. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance turns the set of all isometry classes of compact metric spaces into a metric space, called Gromov–Hausdorff space, and it therefore defines a notion of convergence for sequences of compact metric spaces, called Gromov–Hausdorff convergence. A metric space to which such a sequence converges is called the Gromov-Hausdorff limit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Taubes's Gromov invariant\",\n \"text\": \"index for the cylindrical case, and again, the curves are pseudoholomorphic with respect to a suitable almost complex structure. The result is a topological invariant of Y, which Taubes proved is isomorphic to monopole Floer homology, a version of Seiberg–Witten homology for Y. Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6324546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Taubes's Gromov invariant\",\n \"text\": \"Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants derived from the Seiberg–Witten equations in a series of four long papers. Much of the analytical complexity connected to this invariant comes from properly counting multiply covered pseudoholomorphic curves so that the result is invariant of the choice of almost complex structure. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6324544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)\",\n \"text\": \"apparatchiks to fill the membership of its new legislative body. Outspoken opposition leader Yeltsin obtained a seat in the Supreme Soviet only when another deputy relinquished his position. The first Congress of People's Deputies was the last moment of real control for Gorbachev over the political life of the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of People's Deputies formed under the name of the Inter-Regional Group. The members of this body included almost all of the liberal and Russian nationalist members of the opposition led by Boris Yeltsin. A primary issue for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6281487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Dubrovin\",\n \"text\": \"systems, geometry of isomonodromic deformations, theta functions on Riemann surfaces, and nonlinear waves. Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20883983\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Dubrovin\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants, singularity theory, normal forms of integrable partial differential equations, Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20883982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"if, for each \\\"R\\\" > 0, the sequence of closed \\\"R\\\"-balls around \\\"p\\\" in \\\"X\\\" converges to the closed \\\"R\\\"-ball around \\\"p\\\" in \\\"Y\\\" in the usual Gromov–Hausdorff sense. The notion of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence was first used by Gromov to prove that any discrete group with polynomial growth is virtually nilpotent (i.e. it contains a nilpotent subgroup of finite index). See Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. (Also see D. Edwards for an earlier work.) The key ingredient in the proof was the observation that for the Cayley graph of a group with polynomial growth a sequence of rescalings\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"a presentation at the International Congress of Mathematicians in France, he was not allowed to leave the USSR. Still, his lecture was published in the conference proceedings. Disagreeing with the Soviet system, he had been thinking of emigrating since the age of 14. In the early 1970s he ceased publication, hoping that this would help his application to move to Israel. He changed his last name to that of his mother. When the request was granted in 1974, he moved directly to New York where a position had been arranged for him at Stony Brook. In 1981 he left Stony\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370078\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 October Revolution Parade\",\n \"text\": \"1989 October Revolution Parade The 1989 October Revolution Parade was a parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 7 November 1989 to commemorate the 72th anniversary of the socialist revolution in the Russian Empire in 1917. Mikhail Gorbachev the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Nikolai Ryzhkov the Premier of the Soviet Union was on Lenin's Mausoleum watching the parade. This would be the last time that Gorbachev would be at the parade in the capacity of General Secretary. General of the Army and Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov made his 3rd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19909784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Shilkov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Shilkov Boris Arsenyevich Shilkov (; 28 June 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a speed skater. Competing for the Soviet Union, Shilkov lived in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), where he worked as an engineer. He became Soviet Allround Champion in 1953 and made his international debut three weeks later at the World Allround Championships, where he won silver behind teammate and rival Oleg Goncharenko after having just recovered from an illness. The following year (1954) he became Soviet Allround Champion again (with Goncharenko, again, winning silver), European Allround Champion (with Goncharenko finishing 4th), and World Allround Champion (with Goncharenko\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7281811\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Argentine general election\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Argentine general election The Argentine general election of 1989 was held on 14 May 1989. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 85.3%, Carlos Menem won the presidency, and the Justicialist Party won the control of both houses of Congress. This is the last presidential election the president was elected by the electoral college. Inheriting a difficult legacy from his military predecessors, President Raúl Alfonsín's tenure had been practically defined by the foreign debt Argentina's last dictatorship left behind. Signs of unraveling in Alfonsín's 1985 Austral Plan for economic stabilization cost his centrist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11519252\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["afghanistan","avghanistaun","soviet-occupied afghanistan","afganhistan","afghanestan","jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye afġānestān","afghanastan","afeganistao","afgjanistan","afghanistan/article from the 1911 encyclopedia","afghanistan","afghanistan, rep. of.","afganistan","afghanistan-central asia","afghanistan (1911 encyclopedia)","afghansitan","afgahanistan","iroa","kinetic action","a-stan","afghanstan","afğānistān","afghanistan","afghānistān","i.r.o.a.","islamic republic of afghanistan","dowlat-e eslami-ye afghanestan","افغانستان","afghinastan","the graveyard of empires","affghanistan","afghanistan, i.s. of","etymology of afghanistan","the islamic republic of afghanistan","islamic transitional government of afghanistan","iso 3166-1:af","afghnistan","د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان","da afġānistān islāmī jomhoriyat","da afghanistan islami dawlat dawlat-e eslami-e afghanestan"],"string":"[\n \"afghanistan\",\n \"avghanistaun\",\n \"soviet-occupied afghanistan\",\n \"afganhistan\",\n \"afghanestan\",\n \"jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye afġānestān\",\n \"afghanastan\",\n \"afeganistao\",\n \"afgjanistan\",\n \"afghanistan/article from the 1911 encyclopedia\",\n \"afghanistan\",\n \"afghanistan, rep. of.\",\n \"afganistan\",\n \"afghanistan-central asia\",\n \"afghanistan (1911 encyclopedia)\",\n \"afghansitan\",\n \"afgahanistan\",\n \"iroa\",\n \"kinetic action\",\n \"a-stan\",\n \"afghanstan\",\n \"afğānistān\",\n \"afghanistan\",\n \"afghānistān\",\n \"i.r.o.a.\",\n \"islamic republic of afghanistan\",\n \"dowlat-e eslami-ye afghanestan\",\n \"افغانستان\",\n \"afghinastan\",\n \"the graveyard of empires\",\n \"affghanistan\",\n \"afghanistan, i.s. of\",\n \"etymology of afghanistan\",\n \"the islamic republic of afghanistan\",\n \"islamic transitional government of afghanistan\",\n \"iso 3166-1:af\",\n \"afghnistan\",\n \"د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان\",\n \"da afġānistān islāmī jomhoriyat\",\n \"da afghanistan islami dawlat dawlat-e eslami-e afghanestan\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":595,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which politician's wife was acquitted in 1990 of defrauding us banks?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"denied the request for a DNA test. After hearing evidence in the High Court case, Judge Courtney declared that Banks is the birth father of Antony Brett Shaw. John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later","psg_id":"2979693"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later overturned. In between his tenures in Parliament, he served as Mayor of Auckland City for two terms, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2010. When seven","psg_id":"2979658"},{"title":"Edward Banks (politician)","text":"to gain a seat in the 1874 assembly, representing a Berlin constituency following a bye-election. He lost his seat in 1877, however. In May 1883 Edward Banks killed himself. Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor","psg_id":"19304561"},{"title":"Edward Banks (politician)","text":"Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor of the city. A brother in law was the writer-historian (1812-1891). He attended school in Hamburg and Lübeck, before moving on to study Law at Tübingen and Göttingen. While","psg_id":"19304559"},{"title":"Gordon Banks (politician)","text":"Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986. Banks was elected at the 2005 general election, succeeding fellow Labour MP Martin O'Neill.","psg_id":"5100330"},{"title":"Gordon Banks (politician)","text":"Banks is married with two children. He is a member of the Coeliac Society. Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986.","psg_id":"5100332"},{"title":"Jim Banks","text":"Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as a member of the Indiana Senate. Banks was first elected to serve in the state senate for the 17th district in 2010, and upon military deployment to Afghanistan, he took a leave of absence from the state senate since September 2014. Invoking an Indiana state law which allows state and local officeholders to take leaves of absence during active duty military service, Banks was temporarily replaced by his wife, Amanda Banks, who held the","psg_id":"16373205"},{"title":"Ferenc Juhász (politician)","text":"cost a ministry-owned apartment to Fapál around 2005 or 2006, which caused estimated 43 million Ft to the Ministry of Defence. Juhász said MTI his accusation was \"obviously acting on political pressure\". In February 2014, both politicians were acquitted. He is marrief. His wife is Csilla Szendrák. Ferenc Juhász (politician) Ferenc Juhász (born 6 July 1960) in Nyíregyháza, is a former Minister of Defence for Hungary. From 1990, he has been a member of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), and from 2000 the vice chairman of the party. He was the Minister of National Defense in Hungary from 27 May","psg_id":"7478623"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two eviction proceedings filed against him in 2016. During the 2012 election, Brian Banks refused to pay Sawicki & Sons, the company that made his","psg_id":"17661835"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Nov. 13 fundraiser at the American Serbian Hall in Detroit. Suggested contributions range from $41 for a ticket to $2,000 for a sponsor-level donor. Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two","psg_id":"17661854"},{"title":"William S. Taylor (politician)","text":"the Seventh Legislature convened on 2 November 1857, Taylor was the only nomination for speaker. He was elected and served until he became ill on 26 December 1857 and took leave of absence. On 18 January 1858, Taylor resigned as Speaker. Taylor died on 22 July 1858 and was buried in Larissa. One of his fifteen children with wife Elizabeth, son William S. Taylor, Jr., fought in the Battle of San Jacinto. William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas","psg_id":"9537894"},{"title":"Jonathan Banks","text":"the 2018 thriller film \"The Commuter\". Banks married his first wife in 1968. Together, they had one daughter. After his divorce in 1970, Banks married his second wife in 1990. From this marriage, they had fraternal twins. Banks also has a stepdaughter from this marriage. Jonathan Banks Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His first notable film roles were in the films \"Airplane!\", \"48 Hrs.\", and \"Beverly Hills Cop\". He has received critical acclaim for his role as former police officer turned hitman Mike Ehrmantraut in the television series \"Breaking Bad\" and its spin-off \"Better","psg_id":"4856656"},{"title":"John Banks (U.S. politician)","text":"State treasurer of Pennsylvania in 1847. He resumed the practice of law in Reading, Pennsylvania, where he died in 1864. Interment in Reading's Charles Evans Cemetery. John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth","psg_id":"9227742"},{"title":"John Banks (U.S. politician)","text":"John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served until his resignation on March 31, 1836. He became judge of the Berks judicial district from May 1836 until he resigned to become","psg_id":"9227741"},{"title":"Caleb Banks","text":"Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679. Banks stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Winchelsea in 1679 when he was under age. He was a captain of","psg_id":"15063539"},{"title":"Caleb Banks","text":"Church. Banks married Elizabeth Fortrey, daughter of Samuel Fortrey but there were no children, rendering his father's baronetcy extinct. Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679.","psg_id":"15063541"},{"title":"1990 US Open (tennis)","text":"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha","psg_id":"8180789"},{"title":"Jim Banks","text":"Banks supports allowing internet companies to release customer information with the federal government. Banks supports ending federal funding of abortions, including defunding Planned Parenthood. Banks calls banning transgender people from serving in the military as an \"emotional issue.\" He opposes the military paying for sex reassignment surgery saying that \"I don't think taxpayers should be on the hook for that.\" Banks lives in Columbia City, Indiana, with his wife Amanda and their three daughters. Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as","psg_id":"16373211"},{"title":"Jan S. Marais","text":"Marais had a wife, Peggy, who died in the 1980s, and a daughter, Carla. He resided in Durbanville. Marais died in 2009. Jan S. Marais Jan S. Marais (April 23, 1919 - 2009) was a South African banker and politician. He was the founder and chairman of the Trust Bank of Africa, one of South Africa's largest banks. He was a National member of the Parliament of South Africa, and a critic of apartheid. Jan S. Marais was born was Johannes Stephanus Marais on April 23, 1919 in Fraserburg, Northern Cape. He graduated from Stellenbosch University. Marais was the general","psg_id":"20630197"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Parliament on 13 June, ahead of sentencing on 1 August 2014. This sequence of events is drawn from the judgement in Banks' 2014 trial. Kim Dotcom and John Banks first met in April 2010, when Dotcom flew Banks to his mansion in a helicopter. They \"discussed ... Mr Dotcom’s goals. He hoped to undertake venture capital investment in this country. There was also a short discussion about Mr Dotcom’s residence application and Mr Banks offered to assist in this regard\". Banks, with his wife Amanda, visited the mansion again on 5 June. Over lunch, they discussed fundraising for his campaign.","psg_id":"2979680"},{"title":"William Banks (died 1676)","text":"four sons and three daughters. William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations","psg_id":"16403776"},{"title":"William Banks (died 1676)","text":"William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations from 1662 to 1663. From","psg_id":"16403774"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Dotcom offered $50,000 towards the campaign. Kim, his wife Mona Dotcom, and their head of security Wayne Tempero all gave evidence that Banks asked for the donation to be split and remain anonymous. All three told the court that Banks explained this would make it easier for him to \"help\" Dotcom in the future. Justice Wylie found each of them to be \"reliable and credible\" witnesses. Amanda Banks initially denied any discussion of the campaign or donations at the same lunch, but this changed under cross-examination. John Banks' evidence was different again, suggesting that they discussed donations of amounts up","psg_id":"2979681"},{"title":"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury)","text":"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury) Jacob Banks (27 Feb. 1704–1738), of Milton Abbas, Dorset, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1726 and 1738. Banks was the second son of Sir Jacob Bancks (or Banks), of [Milton Abbas, and his wife Mary Tregonwell, only surviving daughter of John Tregonwell, MP of Milton Abbas. Banks’s father was originally a Swedish diplomat who served in the Royal Navy, and his mother was formerly married to Francis Luttrell . His father died in December 1724 and when his brother died unmarried in 1725, Banks inherited the manor of","psg_id":"20996844"},{"title":"Gladys E. Banks","text":"Gladys E. Banks Gladys E. Banks (July 2, 1897 – November 5, 1972) was an American politician from New York. She was born on July 2, 1897, in the Bronx. She married John W. Banks. She was a member of the New York State Assembly (Bronx Co., 11th D.) from 1945 to 1950, sitting in the 165th, 166th and 167th New York State Legislatures. In November 1950, she ran for re-election, but was defeated by Democrat Clarke S. Ryan. In November 1952, she defeated Ryan who ran for re-election. She was again a member of the State Assembly in 1953","psg_id":"17984357"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Mallard laid a complaint about a $15,000 donation from SkyCity, listed as anonymous by Banks. Days later, Dotcom himself told \"The New Zealand Herald\" and TV3's \"Campbell Live\" program about his own donations, saying that the $50,000 was split at Banks' request, that the cheques were written out in the presence of Banks, and that Banks called him a few days later to thank him. Two complaints, including another from Mallard, were made to the police about the Dotcom donations. (Like Mallard, the second complainant had also raised the SkyCity donations.) The Police subsequently investigated, interviewing a number of people","psg_id":"2979685"},{"title":"Nathaniel P. Banks","text":"Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were noted by the Democratic Party. But his abolitionist views fitted him better for the nascent Republican Party, through which he became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Governor of Massachusetts in the 1850s. Always a political chameleon (for which he was criticized by contemporaries), Banks was the first professional politician (with no","psg_id":"1327391"},{"title":"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks","text":"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was educated at prep school in Harrow and University College School in Hampstead. During the Second World War he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery. In 1948 he married Barbara Wells who in 1987 was awarded the OBE for services to the Women's Liberal Federation. They had two sons, Alistair Richard Harvie Banks (b. 1951) and Graham Thornton Harvie Banks (b. 1953). Banks was a life insurance","psg_id":"11832682"},{"title":"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727)","text":"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727) Joseph Banks (6 September 1665 – 27 September 1727), of Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire, was an English lawyer, financial speculator and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1727. Banks was the second son of Robert Banks of Beck Hall, Giggleswick, Yorkshire and his wife Margaret Frankland, daughter of John Frankland of Rathmell, Yorkshire. He was articled to a solicitor. He married, Mary Hancock, the daughter of Rev. Rowland Hancock, a dissenting minister of Shircliffe Hall, near Sheffield, in 1689. At some time, he moved to live as a country attorney at","psg_id":"18680118"},{"title":"Aaron Banks","text":"Banks said that she was constantly nagging him to settle down. Banks' second wife was a show girl, but the marriage quickly dissolved again due to the difference in salary. Banks earned around $40 a week and his wife $1000 a week. It was shortly after this that he was employed at the record store where an infamous incident changed his life. He died May 2, 2013. Banks had a dream to become an actor, which was not fulfilled to his liking. At the age of 19, Aaron Banks decided his job was to be an actor. He charged in","psg_id":"15184322"},{"title":"Acquitted (1929 film)","text":"Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a screenplay by Keene Thompson. The film stars Lloyd Hughes, Margaret Livingston, and Sam Hardy, and was released by Columbia Pictures on November 15, 1929. Marian is sent to prison for a crime she did not commit. While there she meets fellow convict, Dr. Bradford, who has also been wrongly convicted of a murder. Marion believes his innocence and falls in love with him. Bradford tells her that it was Egan who framed him. Meanwhile, Egan has fallen in love with Marian, and when Marian","psg_id":"20358909"},{"title":"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks","text":"group within the Liberal Party to prevent what many saw as a rightward drift by the party, and its potential capture by the economic liberals. The Group campaigned under the slogan 'social reform without socialism'. Banks was a strong pro-European, a founder member and one time chairman of the Liberal European Action Group and was President of the British Council of the European Movement from 1986 to 1994. Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was","psg_id":"11832685"},{"title":"Kota Banks","text":"Las Vegas performs using Banks on vocals. In March her single, \"Zoom\", was premiered on Triple J's \"Good Nights\" and subsequently received high rotation on the national youth radio station. Triple J's Al Newstead declared, \"this [track] has grown on us hard. It's a fun, flirty mix of dancehall and pop elevated by the fanciful production.\" Banks released her debut extended play, \"Prize\" (styled as \"PRIZE\"), in mid-2018, as a ten-track mix tape. It was produced by Omerhodic, who shared the song writing with Banks on most of its tracks. \"AltMedia\"s Jamie Apps rated it at three-and-a-half stars and explained,","psg_id":"20834409"},{"title":"Acquitted (1929 film)","text":"it a \"strong melodrama\", although they found the moral of the story less than desirable, saying that \"it glorifies a crook and a murderer\". They felt the script and direction created an atmosphere of tense suspense. They particularly singled out the acting work of Sam Hardy. The \"Motion Picture News\" also enjoyed the film, calling it a \"Good Crime Drama\". They complimented Lloyd Hughes and Margaret Livingston, while saying that they were outshone by Hardy, although they felt the plot was a bit hackneyed. Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a","psg_id":"20358913"},{"title":"Sydney Banks","text":"he became co-founder and executive producer. By the mid 1970s, Banks had created, produced and sometimes directed over 450 films and TV programs plus innumerable TV commercials. On leaving Global, he became a founder and director of the Toronto cable firm CUC Broadcasting, which became one of the largest cable systems in the Greater Toronto area, and was eventually sold to Shaw Cable in 1994. During the 1980s and 1990s, Banks was president of S Banks Group Inc which includes Ennerdale Productions and S. Banks (in-television) Limited. During this period of time, he travelled around the world doing business in","psg_id":"9178561"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"seat for the remainder of his parliamentary career with the National Party. When National won the 1990 election, Banks entered Cabinet, becoming Minister of Police, Minister of Tourism, and Minister of Sport. While Minister of Police, he was fined $750 for answering his cell phone on a commercial flight in 1991. On the final reading of New Zealand's 1986 Homosexual Law Reform, John Banks said that \"This day will be remembered as a sad and sickening day for New Zealand. A very black cloud tonight and those members who wheel themselves through the doors of the Ayes lobby to vote","psg_id":"2979662"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"his company would win a multimillion-dollar contract, federal documents show. Along the way, Fiore appeared to have gotten help from Banks. \"Fiore is involved in bid-rigging with legislator Brian Banks,\" Special FBI Agent Robert Beeckman wrote in 2016 affidavit, which included intercepted text messages and phone calls between Fiore and Banks. According to the affidavit, in a May 5, 2016, phone conversation, Fiore and Banks spoke about the MDOT contract when Banks mentioned Fiore's political \"might.\" \"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you ... They said: 'We don't want to mess with that force,' \" Banks said. Fiore","psg_id":"17661842"},{"title":"Pompeia (wife of Caesar)","text":"trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that \"my wife ought not even to be under suspicion.\" This gave rise to a proverb, sometimes expressed: \"Caesar's wife must be above suspicion.\" Pompeia (wife of Caesar) Pompeia (\"fl.\" 1st century BC) was the second wife of Julius Caesar. Her parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla. Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC, after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died the previous year in giving birth to her son","psg_id":"4049181"},{"title":"Wife selling","text":"which she \"was kidnapped by a brothel-master\", who later \"sold her ... [to] her husband's new employer ... who ... the couple\". In 1990, in Central Nepal, mainly in rural areas, one song, a \"dukha\", which is a \"suffering/hardship\" song that \"provide[s] ... an interpretation of women's hardships\", \"underscore[d] ... the limited resources and rights of a wife caught in a bad marriage\". Sung from a daughter's perspective, the song in part said, \"[The wife says] You don't need to return home after drinking there in the evening.\"/\"In Pokhara bazaar, [there is] an electricity line,\"/\"The household property is not mine.\"/\"The","psg_id":"15382226"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"businessmen's affidavits could be considered. In May 2015, the Court of Appeal reversed its decision to order a retrial when a new document was disclosed. The document included the affidavits from the two witnesses, confirming that Kim Dotcom and his then-wife Mona had fabricated their version of the events when giving evidence. An amendment to local electoral laws nicknamed the 'John Banks bill' passed its first reading in November 2012. It tightens restrictions on campaign donations, and was directly inspired by the 'anonymous' donations to Banks' 2010 mayoralty campaign. The Local Electoral Amendment Bill passed its third reading and became","psg_id":"2979689"},{"title":"Dennis Banks","text":"a federal grand jury for aiding and abetting the murder of Aquash; he was alleged to have provided John Graham with a gun. He was acquitted of the charge. In 1975, he had been serving as one of Banks' bodyguards. Aquash was brought to Marshall's house on the Pine Ridge Reservation in December 1975 before being taken to the site of her murder. Authorities continue to investigate the Aquash murder. In 2014, \"The New York Times Magazine\" spoke to Banks for an in-depth feature about the murders of Aquash and Robinson. During his time in California from 1976 to 1983,","psg_id":"4620872"},{"title":"Azealia Banks","text":"the tracks \"Jumanji\", \"Aquababe\", and \"Nathan\" (featuring rapper Styles P) were made available online. \"Fantasea\" was released via Banks' Twitter account on July 11, and was succeeded by the unveiling of Banks' online radio project, \"Kunt.FM\" the following week. Banks' first EP, \"1991\", was released in the UK on May 28 and in the US the following day. The 4-track EP, which includes \"212\", was not eligible for the \"UK Albums\" chart, but the title track charted at #79 on the \"UK Singles\" chart. It also reached 133 on the US 200, while reaching #17 on the \"US R&B/Hip-Hop\" chart,","psg_id":"16100263"},{"title":"Dennis Banks","text":"found questionable accounting practices, but no evidence of criminal offenses. As a result of involvement in Custer and Wounded Knee, Banks and 300 others were arrested by the federal government and faced trial. He was acquitted of the Wounded Knee charges, but was convicted of incitement to riot and assault stemming from the earlier confrontation at Custer. Refusing the prison term, Banks went underground and organized a small armed AIM group. It included Anna Mae Pictou Aquash, considered the highest-ranking woman in AIM. About this time, the two were also involved in a personal relationship. After disappearing from Denver in","psg_id":"4620869"},{"title":"The Man Who Hated Banks","text":"The Man Who Hated Banks The Man Who Hated Banks (full name The Man Who Hated Banks and other mysteries) is a collection of mystery stories by the British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 1997 by the American company Crippen & Landru. As the back cover of the book tells us, it was \"published in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of Michael Gilbert's first book.\" Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was","psg_id":"19726878"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"ruling that the key question was not why Banks may have been charged, but whether he committed the crimes alleged in the charges. In February 2017, Brian Banks reached a plea agreement with the Attorney General's office in which all felony counts against were dropped in exchange for his immediate resignation from the Michigan House of Representatives and pleading guilty to one misdemeanor. Banks announced his formal resignation in Wayne County Circuit Court on February 6, 2017. In December 2017, the Detroit Free Press obtained FBI wiretap transcripts that were unsealed in U.S. District Court. The investigation is linked to","psg_id":"17661840"},{"title":"Edward S. Rogers Jr.","text":"Robinson), and their wedding took place on September 25, 1963. Her father was Roland Robinson, 1st Baron Martonmere, who was a British politician and former Governor of Bermuda. Rogers and his wife had four children together: Lisa, Edward, Melinda and Martha. He is a direct descendant of Timothy Rogers, the founder of Newmarket, Ontario and Pickering, Ontario. On October 25, 1990, Rogers was appointed to the grade of Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2006, he was inducted into Canada's Telecommunications Hall of Fame, along with his father, Edward S. Rogers Sr. In 2000, Rogers and his wife Loretta","psg_id":"4326333"},{"title":"Azealia Banks","text":"Banks forcefully arguing with the flight attendant, in which she at one point called the Delta employee a \"fucking faggot\". On November 10, 2015, it was reported Banks was under investigation by the Los Angeles Police Department following an altercation involving the rapper and a security guard at L.A. club Break Room 86. Later that year, Banks was arrested in New York after attacking a female security guard. In March 2016, Sarah Palin threatened a lawsuit against Banks in response to a series of tweets where she attacked the politician, calling for \"the biggest burliest blackest negroes\" to \"run a","psg_id":"16100283"},{"title":"Sydney Banks","text":"US border stations for Canadian consumption. He established the first TV commercial production unit in Canada and also in 1949 the first TV department for a major Canadian ad agency. In 1952, as Canada began TV broadcasting, Banks expanded into Canadian television program production. In 1955, he joined the late Spence Caldwell at S. W. Caldwell Ltd as executive producer, and ran the Rank organisation's Queensway Studios. He then moved to Foster Advertising, where he started their television advertising department. This involved frequent travel to the States, where he produced commercials for Carling. Banks was also the principal founder of","psg_id":"9178558"},{"title":"Joseph Banks","text":"This backing led to the Rum Rebellion in Sydney, whereby governor was overthrown by the two men. This became an embarrassment for Sir Joseph Banks also because years earlier he campaigned that John Macarthur not be granted 10,000 acres of land near Sydney in the cow pastures, which was later granted by Lord Camden. The next governor, Lachlan Macquarie was asked to arrest Macarthur and Johnston, only to realise that they had left Sydney for London to defend themselves. What was humiliating was that Macarthur and Johnston were acquitted from all charges in London and both later returned to Sydney.","psg_id":"509381"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"phone last year. Campaign finance records show both Jennifer Fiore and Gasper Fiore donated to Banks House campaign against Pamela Sossi. Brian Banks has falsely claimed to be an attorney, leading Wayne County Sheriff Benny Napoleon to endorse him. Sheriff Napoleon's spokesman Dennis Niemiec said the Sheriff was unaware of Banks' felony convictions and Sheriff Napoleon said he did not previously know about Banks' felonies. The State Bar of Michigan has no record of Banks ever being licensed to practice law in Michigan. Brian Banks campaign website previously stated that he was on staff at the law firm Rodnick, Unger","psg_id":"17661844"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"firm to defend Banks against the charges of sexual harassment. The lawsuit was later settled for $11,950. On June 28, 2016, Brian Banks was charged with three new felonies and one misdemeanor by Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette over documents he falsified, to obtain a personal loan in June 2010. Because of his previous felony convictions, Banks was charged as a habitual offender and could have faced life in prison if convicted of the new felonies. In August 2016, Banks was bound over to Wayne County Circuit Court for trial on all charges by District Court Judge Deborah Langston. Banks","psg_id":"17661837"},{"title":"1990 US Open (tennis)","text":"Zvereva / Jim Pugh 6–4, 6–2 Andrea Gaudenzi defeated Mikael Tillström 6–2, 4–6, 7–6 Magdalena Maleeva defeated Noëlle van Lottum 7–5, 6–2 Sébastien Leblanc / Greg Rusedski defeated Marten Renström / Mikael Tillström 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Kristin Godridge / Kirrily Sharpe defeated Erika deLone / Lisa Raymond 4–6, 7–5, 6–2 Sandy Mayer defeated Tom Gullikson 6–4, 6–4 Tom Gullikson / Dick Stockton defeated Mark Edmondson / Sherwood Stewart 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Wendy Turnbull / Virginia Wade 2–6, 6–4, 6–3 Total prize money for the event was $6,349,250. 1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990","psg_id":"8180790"},{"title":"Till There Was You (1990 film)","text":"arrives only to find Charlie dead, and becomes involved with his late brother's partner, Viv, and Viv's unhappy wife, Anna. According to producer Jim McElroy, the aim of the movie was to make an adventure film in the style of \"Elephant Walk\" (1954) or \"To Have and Have Not\" (1944). It marked the directorial debut of highly regarded cinematographer John Seale. Dennis Quaid was originally rumoured to play the lead. Half the budget was provided by the FFC, whose contribution amounted to $6,326,711. The film was shot from 6 November 1989 to 19 January 1990. Till There Was You (1990","psg_id":"6351823"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Despite a number of controversies, Brian Banks defeated Scott Benson by 96 votes to win the 2012 Democrat Primary. Although only receiving 42% of the vote in the 2014 Primary, Banks was re-elected. During the August 2016 Primary Election, Brian Banks narrowly defended a challenge for his seat by Harper Woods attorney Pamela Sossi, a first time candidate. Despite Banks significant fundraising advantage, Sossi led the race throughout the night until last minute votes were reported, giving Banks a narrow victory. Sossi swept the suburbs, winning Harper Woods, Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores, while Banks won Detroit. According","psg_id":"17661847"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"a paternity claim. In the High Court proceedings, Shaw said his mother Pamela Mayes told him he was conceived during a relationship she had with Banks in 1969, and that when she told Banks she was pregnant that he had ended the relationship. In a sworn affidavit, Mayes alleged that Banks procured drugs that would make her miscarry, and pressured her into taking the necessary dosage, which she refused to do. In 1999 Mayes told Shaw his real father was John Banks. First Mayes and later Shaw contacted Banks to request confirmation of paternity but this was denied. Banks also","psg_id":"2979692"},{"title":"Joseph Banks","text":"Dilettanti which helped to establish the Royal Academy. Banks was born on Argyle Street in London to William Banks, a wealthy Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. He had a younger sister, Sarah Sophia Banks, born in 1744. Banks was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9 and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included his future shipmate Constantine Phipps. As a boy, Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When he was 17, he","psg_id":"509364"},{"title":"Gary George (Oregon politician)","text":"Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative Kim Thatcher led an unsuccessful effort in 2008 to","psg_id":"12407139"},{"title":"Gary George (Oregon politician)","text":"repeal gay rights legislation passed by the 2007 legislature. Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative","psg_id":"12407140"},{"title":"Willie Banks (musician)","text":"was \"For The Wrong I've Done\" for which he was nominated for a Grammy in 1980. Banks stayed with HSE Records until they changed their name to Black Label. Three projects were released on this label. Willie Banks moved over to Malaco Records in the mid 80's. He penned \"Look at the Blessings\" in 1986 with Malaco. He would release thirteen albums with them, four of them placing on the Billboard magazine Top Gospel Albums chart: \"For The Wrong I Done\" (1978), \"Mother Why\" (1980), \"The Legend Lives On\" (1992) and 1993's \"The Best of Willie Banks\", which was released","psg_id":"18700376"},{"title":"Jasmyn Banks","text":"Guvnors\" from 2014 until 2015. She will be starring in the horror film The Spiritualist, which is currently in post-production. Jasmyn Banks Jasmyn Grace Banks (born 20 August 1990) is an English actress. A graduate of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts and YPTC RAaW London Banks has acted in stage productions since 2005 and she has had roles in various television productions since 2006. She was cast as Alice Branning in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2012, making her screen debut on 10 May that year. She departed the show on 24 December 2013. Banks trained at","psg_id":"16605546"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"was formally arraigned in Circuit Court on August 23. In July 2016 Kevin Trayer, the Postmaster of the Richland Post Office, investigated Brian Banks for mail fraud, concerning mail pieces that listed defunct Political Action Committees in the required political disclaimer. The pieces attacked Banks Primary opponent Pamela Sossi and echoed claims Banks had made while knocking doors. The former legislators tied to the dissolved PAC's had no ties to Brian Banks and denied allowing him to use the PAC's for any purpose. On September 15, 2016, Michigan Secretary of State Ruth Johnson ruled that Brian Banks used House funds","psg_id":"17661838"},{"title":"The Machines: Simple Machines 7\"s (1990–1993)","text":"as well as two rants by Juliana Luecking, one of which is spoken in a fake Baltimore accent. It also contains two songs by Geek called \"Herasure\" and \"Hemingway Shotgun\", the latter of which Allmusic has mistakenly referred to as \"Hemingway \"Station\"\". The Machines: Simple Machines 7\"s (1990–1993) Simple Machines 7\"s 1990–1993 also known as The Machines is a compilation album created by Simple Machines records. The compilation consisted of six of the earliest EPs; Wedge (SMR 01; 1990), Wheel (SMR 02; 1990), Pulley (SMR 03; 1991), Screw (SMR 04; 1991), Lever (SMR 05; 1992), and Inclined Plane (SMR 06;","psg_id":"11137457"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"responded: \"Mmmmmm yeah. Does that mean, So what they doing with the deal then?\" Banks: \"So, you good so far. You hear me.\" On May 26, a phone call between Gasper Fiore and Banks again discussed the MDOT contract. \"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you,\" Banks stated. Fiore laughed in response. \"They said you – 'We, we don't want to mess with that force behind you.'\" Later in the conversation, Banks again reassures Fiore: \"You know with the MDOT, you good.\" The conversation between Banks and Fiore was among many that the government obtained after bugging Fiore's","psg_id":"17661843"},{"title":"Pet banks","text":"Jackson. By 1833 there were 23 \"pet banks\" or state banks with US Treasury funds. The term gained currency because most of the banks were chosen not because of monetary fitness but on the basis of the spoils system, which rewarded political allies of Andrew Jackson. Most pet banks eventually lost money and didn't succeed in their investments. The pet banks and smaller \"wildcat\" banks flooded the country with paper currency. Because this money became so unreliable, Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required all public lands to be purchased with gold and/or silver. This contributed to the Panic of","psg_id":"5314718"},{"title":"Colin Banks","text":"at Maidstone. With John Miles, he was the Production Editor of \"Which?\", and associated magazines, from 1964 to 1993. Banks was an influential designer, and his Telecom (T) identity, created for British Telecommunications when it was instituted in 1981, spawned many imitators. Its replacement by Wolff Olins' BT \"piper\" was received with much derision in 1991. Banks received a prestigious RSA/BBC Design Award in 1990, for the paper-saving redesign of the UK's Phonebook. Miles and Banks designed the UK Post Office's distinctive \"double-line\" alphabet in 1972 and New Johnston, a revival of Edward Johnston's \"Underground Sans\", for London Transport. They","psg_id":"7264996"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"the FBI. During the November 8 General Election, Banks received 66 percent of the vote over engineer William Broman, his Republican challenger. On February 6, 2017, just 26 days into his third term in the Michigan House of Representatives, Brian Banks resigned his seat to avoid prison time. By 9 am, February 8, 2017, Banks was sending e-mails to supporters inviting them to a March 6 fundraiser for his PAC, Bank on Banks for Michigan, leading to speculation that he would be running for future office, or financially backing his chosen successor. The fundraiser was held at Sinbad's restaurant in","psg_id":"17661849"},{"title":"In Which We Serve","text":"leads to a flashback in which Blake remembers how he met his wife-to-be, Freda, on a train while on leave. It is also revealed that she is related to the \"Torrin\"'s affable Chief Petty Officer Hardy (Miles). When both men return to sea, Freda moves in with CPO Hardy's wife and mother-in-law. The \"Torrin\" participates in the Dunkirk evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force, (portrayed in the film by the 5th Battalion of the Coldstream Guards). Meanwhile, the nightly Blitz takes its toll on British towns. Blake soon gets a letter from home to say that Freda has given birth","psg_id":"832902"},{"title":"A. Doris Banks Henries","text":"Education. She rose to the rank of Assistant Minister of Education in 1978. Banks Henries wrote a biography of Liberian president William V. S. Tubman, published in 1967. She also edited collections of Liberian poetry (1963), and of Liberian folklore (1967). In her work as a government official, she was credited as author of many official reports, textbooks, and books about Liberia for young readers. She served as president of the Society of Liberian Authors. In 1942, Doris Banks married Richard Abrom Henries, a Liberian government official whose first wife was Angie Brooks. Her husband, Speaker of the Liberian House","psg_id":"19297186"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"or resources to mail invitations to an event advocating for his re-election, a violation of section 57 of the Michigan Campaign Finance Act. As a result, Banks was required to personally reimburse the Michigan House of Representatives for the materials and labor misused. In December 2016, Brian Banks filed a motion to have Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette's office disqualified from the case, again claiming that the charges brought against him were politically motivated collusion between Pamela Sossi and the Attorney General, timed to ensure Banks lost his bid for re-election. Wayne County Circuit Judge Michael Hathaway dismissed Banks motion,","psg_id":"17661839"},{"title":"Andrew Banks","text":"(World presidents' Organisation) following on from membership of YPO (Young presidents' Organisation) which he joined in 1988. Together with Geoff Morgan, Andrew Banks has authored four books on recruiting: Banks resides with his wife in Los Angeles, where his children and their families live. In 2015, Andrew Banks, together with Geoff Morgan, was voted equal first in an industry poll of The 5 Most Influential People in the Recruitment Industry in the past 60 years. In 2014, Andrew Banks and Geoff Morgan were inaugural inductees to the Recruitment International (Australia) Recruitment Industry Hall of Fame, for individuals who have made","psg_id":"18938126"},{"title":"Nick Banks","text":"of Pulp's performances in Sheffield and eventually joined the group in 1986. He joined because they were his favourite band. Banks also played drums in a Sheffield-based band called Pollinates. Since 2007 he has been managing Banks Pottery, a family-owned business which was previously run by his mother. He also plays regularly in Sheffield's Everly Pregnant Brothers and remains a member of Pulp. Nick Banks Nicholas David Banks (born 28 July 1965 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire) is the English drummer in the British band, Pulp. He lives in Sheffield with his wife Sarah and two children, Jackson and Jeannie. He","psg_id":"5814161"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"to $200,000, or even funding for the entire campaign, but not in great detail. Banks claimed to have suggested a single $25,000 donation, which could remain anonymous. Later, Banks thanked Dotcom for his support over the phone. He never discussed Dotcom's donation with his campaign team. Results were declared on 14 October, confirming Banks' loss to Len Brown. After the campaign Lance Hutchison, JP, a volunteer member of Banks' campaign team, completed the electoral return. Hutchison decided which donations to record as anonymous, including all five of the $25,000 donations the campaign received. Unlike Banks, Hutchison had no way of","psg_id":"2979682"},{"title":"Joseph Banks","text":"Parkinson and appear in Banks' Florilegium, finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990. Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage, which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about Banks' scientific requirements on board Cook's new ship, \"Resolution\". The Admiralty regarded Banks' demands as unacceptable and without prior warning withdrew his permission to sail. In July of the same year he and Daniel Solander visited the Isle of Wight, Iceland and the western islands of Scotland. aboard \"Sir Lawrence\" and returned","psg_id":"509371"},{"title":"Jeff Banks (musician)","text":"the \"Billboard\" magazine Gospel Albums chart, \"Lord Lift Me Up\" in 1984, 1987's \"Caught up in the Rapture\", 1989's \"The Storm Is Over\", \"He's All over Me\" in 1993. Banks was born on June 7, 1927 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as Jeff Willie Banks. His brother, Charles O. Davis, was born two years later, which both of them were mentored in music as soloist by Mary Johnson Davis from 1947 until 1953. They departed to for the Famous Banks Brothers, and relocated to Newark, New Jersey, where they were both compelled to become ministers by God and start and lead their","psg_id":"18700522"},{"title":"Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia","text":"of the suspected thief fired at them, striking Doyle in the chest and killing him instantly. Although the wife was arrested and tried for the murder, she was acquitted. Officer Doyle was a veteran of the Civil War, having served in the US Navy, and had been with the MPD for five years. He was 38 years old at the time of his death and was survived by his wife and three children. He was buried in Congressional Cemetery. The MPD also has the unique historical fact of having arrested a sitting U.S. President. During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant","psg_id":"4320779"},{"title":"Gordon Banks (musician)","text":"Lifetime\", which included unfinished recordings Gaye had done between 1971 and 1982. Among the 1982 recordings included leftover \"Midnight Love\" tracks such as \"Sanctified Lady\", which was essentially a demo, with Harvey Fuqua adding in background vocalists, and Banks adding in electro-funk influences. Banks produced another unfinished \"Midnight Love\" track, \"Masochistic Beauty\", which was a biographical account of Gaye's penchant for S&M. Banks played vocoder background vocals on the track. Banks also finished production on a 1978 demo, \"Savage in the Sack\". David Ritz later contended that Gaye wouldn't have wanted the songs to be released but due to CBS","psg_id":"11166991"},{"title":"Grand Banks of Newfoundland","text":"which resulted in extensive damage to transatlantic cables and generated a rare Atlantic tsunami that struck the south coast of Newfoundland and eastern Cape Breton Island, claiming 28 lives in the Burin Peninsula. Technological advances in fishing such as large factory ships and sonar, as well as geopolitical disputes over territorial sea and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries, have led to overfishing and a serious decline in the fish stocks of the Grand Banks from around 1990. Canada's EEZ currently occupies the majority of the Grand Banks except for the lucrative \"nose\" (eastern extremity, near the Flemish Cap) and \"tail\"","psg_id":"2221166"},{"title":"Doug Banks","text":"his show to American Urban Radio Networks and renamed it \"The Doug Banks Show\". Banks also hosted some editions of \"NASCAR Now\" on ESPN2. He also made a guest appearance on the sitcom \"My Wife and Kids\" as Tom Miller, a friend of Michael Kyle who is tragically killed after being hit by a taxi (offscreen). The death of Tom makes Michael paranoid and overly sensitive about his own life. Banks died from complications of diabetes and kidney failure on April 11, 2016. Banks is survived by a wife, three daughters and a son. Doug Banks Calvin Douglas \"Doug\" Banks","psg_id":"5644385"},{"title":"Peter Blackmore (politician)","text":"Peter Blackmore (politician) Peter Terrence Blackmore (born 11 February 1945) is an Australian politician and former Mayor of the City of Maitland. Born to George and Kathleen Blackmore, he attended Newcastle Technical High School and became a salesman, covering fields such as real estate and catering. From 1974 to 1990, he owned a service station. Blackmore has two daughters with his second wife, Lynette Ruth Steel. He also has two sons Rodney and Simon peter with his first wife. In 1986 he was elected Mayor of Maitland, a position he held until 1990, and was reelected to the position of","psg_id":"14822928"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"campaign signs. During the 2012 Primary Election, Brian Banks was evicted from a home in Harper Woods at 19239 Berden by landlord Michele Wood, who took him to court three times for writing bad checks and not paying rent. After the 2012 General Election, Brian Banks was evicted from his Harper Woods home at 20927 Fleetwood when he bounced two checks to landlord Dan Sylvester. In 2013, Brian Banks was sued for sexual harassment by his Legislative Aide, Mr. Tramaine Cotton. According to Tim Bowlin, director of the House Business Office, the state paid $85,622 to the Dickinson Wright law","psg_id":"17661836"},{"title":"Sydney Banks","text":"a variety of different industries. While in the eighties and nineties Banks cut back on his business activities to look after his ailing wife Shirley, he remained in close touch with the film business, and, after Shirley's passing, on January 6, 1995, he resumed full-time activities in film and television. In 1998 he was executive producer of the Canadian film \"Heart of the Sun\", whose cast included Christianne Hirt, Michael Riley and Graham Greene, and which was produced by his company Ennerdale Productions. Banks also maintained a home in Palm Springs, California. Syd Banks died in Toronto on November 14,","psg_id":"9178562"},{"title":"Pasco banks","text":"and sailfish. Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\" S latitude and 174°","psg_id":"15038227"},{"title":"Pasco banks","text":"Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\" S latitude and 174° 25' 00\"","psg_id":"15038223"},{"title":"Nathaniel P. Banks","text":"Waltham's Central Square, and Banks Street in New Orleans is named after him, as is Banks Court in Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood. The incorporated village of Banks, Michigan was named for him in 1871. The Gale-Banks House, his home in Waltham from 1855 to his death, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were","psg_id":"1327447"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Ballots. Ultimately, Brian Banks was able to take advantage of unusually low voter turnout to utilize his political and financial network to guide Yancey to a 198-vote victory, ensuring that she would replace him in the Michigan House of Representatives due to the voter registration of the District. In August 2017, Brian Banks filed candidate paperwork to run for the Michigan State Senate 2nd District seat in anticipation of a resignation by Bert Johnson, who has been federally indicted for corruption. According to the invitation obtained by the Detroit News, Banks is set to kick off his campaign with a","psg_id":"17661853"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"independently waived by the Superintendent and School Board. During the 2012 General Election, the Grosse Pointe Democrats refused to endorse Brian Banks, despite his request for the endorsement and the fact that he was the Democratic candidate. During Brian Banks tenure in the Michigan House of Representatives, members of the Michigan Democratic Party had over 190 pieces of legislation signed into law. Despite being Chairman of the Detroit Caucus, 91 percent of Brian Banks bills died in committee during the same period of time. Only 2 of his bills ever received votes on the floor and neither passed into law.","psg_id":"17661846"},{"title":"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results","text":"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results These are the results of the 1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics which took place from 14 to 16 September 1990 at Vila Olímpica in Manaus, Brazil. Heat 1 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Heat 2 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Final – 16 September
Wind: +1.2 m/s Heat 1 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Heat 2 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Final – 15 September
Wind: +0.3 m/s Heat 1 – 14 September
Heat 2 – 14 September
Final Standings – 14 September
There was no proper 400m final.","psg_id":"18660440"},{"title":"Norman Banks (bishop)","text":"Norman Banks (bishop) Norman Banks (born 4 April 1954) is an Anglican bishop. Since 2011, he has been the Bishop of Richborough, the provincial episcopal visitor for the eastern half of the Church of England Province of Canterbury. Banks was born on 4 April 1954. He studied at Oriel College, Oxford before then studying for ordination at St Stephen's House, Oxford. He was an assistant curate at Christ Church and St Ann's, Newcastle from 1982 to 1987 and priest in charge until 1990. He was Vicar of St Paul's, Whitley Bay, from 1990 until 2000. Latterly he was Vicar of","psg_id":"15614437"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"time, rumours suggested that he might return to national politics, standing as a candidate either for the National Party or ACT New Zealand. Several meetings took place between Banks and senior ACT members. In the end, however, Banks declined to become an ACT candidate. In February 2005, Banks returned to talkback radio reprising his \"Breakfast with Banksie\" early morning radio show on Radio Pacific. Banks has expressed many views that were homophobic. When hosting a talk back radio show, a caller said that \"six inches of barbed wire shoved up gay mens arses\" which John Banks retorted, would be a","psg_id":"2979668"},{"title":"Freddie Banks","text":"is still behind that three-point line.\" In 2010, Banks was also inducted into the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. As of 2018, Banks was Head Boy's Basketball Coach at Canyon Springs High School, in Las Vegas, with his wife and seven children. Freddie Banks Freddie Banks (born March 6, 1965) is an American former collegiate and professional basketball player. Banks attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and is a member of the UNLV Athletics Hall of Fame. Banks was the first pick of the second round (#24 overall) of the 1987 NBA Draft by the Detroit Pistons. Banks","psg_id":"20643634"},{"title":"J. B. Banks","text":"for which he received five years probation, 300 hours of court-ordered community service, and a prohibition from holding any elected or appointed office while on probation. In 2003, he died at a Las Vegas hospital's emergency room of natural causes at the age of 79. J. B. Banks J. B. \"Jet\" Banks (c. 1924 - October 12, 2003) was an American Democrat politician who served in the Missouri Senate and in the Missouri legislature for three decades. Banks, the son of a sharecropper, rose to become state senate majority leader, making him Missouri's highest-ranking black elected official. Born in or","psg_id":"20740771"},{"title":"Cyril Banks","text":"Cyril Banks Colonel Cyril Banks MBE (12 August 1901 – 23 October 1969) was a British engineer, company director, and politician. He was a Conservative Party representative, but his friendship with President Nasser and Egypt led him to sacrifice his career over the invasion of Suez. Banks was born in Sheffield, to a lower-middle-class family. He was sent to a council school, and then became an apprentice in mechanical engineering for five years. In 1922 he went to the University of Sheffield to study, and became an Associate in Mechanical Engineering. Banks was then employed by the Standard Motor Company","psg_id":"11047034"},{"title":"Sarah Sophia Banks","text":"Sarah Sophia Banks Sarah Sophia Banks (28 October 1744 – 27 September 1818) was an English antiquarian collector and sister and collaborator of botanist Joseph Banks. She collected coins and medals and ephemera which are now historically valuable like broadsheets, newspaper clippings, visiting cards, prints, advertisements and playbills. She was born on 28 October 1744 at 30 Argyll Street in Soho, the daughter of William Banks, the MP for Grampound, and his wife Sarah. She \"discussed questions of plant biology with her brother...\" and \"...influenced him greatly.\" Many \"of her ideas made their way into his writings [and she] also","psg_id":"7923832"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Zealand First supporters. There was intense media interest in what was on the recording but the Herald refused to publish the recording – which became known as the Teapot Tape. The ACT Party attracted only 1.07% of the party vote in the election. However, Banks won the Epsom electorate and become the party's sole MP. Party leader Don Brash resigned shortly thereafter and in February 2012, Banks was unanimously voted ACT party leader by the ACT board. Banks served as Minister of Regulatory Reform, Minister for Small Business, Associate Minister of Commerce and Associate Minister of Education in the Fifth","psg_id":"2979677"},{"title":"Thomas S. Smith (politician)","text":"Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was born on December 14, 1917, and attended Howard University, majoring in education. In the assembly, he was the Deputy Speaker from 1998–2001, Majority Whip from 1996–1998 and the Assistant","psg_id":"11872865"},{"title":"William S. Taylor (politician)","text":"William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives briefly in the Seventh Texas Legislature. Taylor, at 62, is the oldest person to assume the office of Speaker of the Texas House. Taylor was born in Georgia in late 1795. After moving to Alabama, Taylor enlisted and fought in the First Seminole War and Second Seminole War, serving as a captain in the latter. He was appointed brigadier general of the Alabama State Militia in 1841, and thereafter","psg_id":"9537892"},{"title":"S. S. Chandran","text":"his more popular films are: Sahadevan Mahadevan, Thangamani Rangamani, Paati Sollai Thattathey, and Kathanayagan. Chandran has also produced four films. He suffered a heart attack and died on October 9, 2010. He is survived by his wife and daughter. S. S. Chandran S. S. Chandran (; died October 9, 2010) was a comedy actor, producer and politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He belonged to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party and was a Member of the Parliament representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. His son Rohit has acted in one","psg_id":"10615667"},{"title":"Ernie Banks","text":"crazy uncle who hung around the house for no apparent reason\", and that team officials anonymously told the press that Banks had been fired because he was unreliable. Soon Banks and the Cubs reconciled and he resumed making appearances on behalf of the team. In 1984, when the Cubs won the NL East division, the club named Banks an honorary team member. At the 1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first one held at Wrigley Field since Banks' playing days, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch to starting catcher Mike Scioscia. Banks was named to the Major League","psg_id":"2263554"},{"title":"Thomas S. Smith (politician)","text":"died on September 26, 2002. District 11 Republican County Committee members voted to fill the vacancy created by Smith's death by naming Sean T. Kean to fill the seat. Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was","psg_id":"11872867"},{"title":"Peter Banks","text":"Peter Banks\". Guest musicians included Akkerman, bassist John Wetton, drummer Phil Collins, guitarist Steve Hackett and fellow Flash members Ray Bennett and Mike Hough. Around the summer of 1973, Banks played with the jazz-rock band called Zox & the Radar Boys, including Phil Collins (drums) and his mate from the Flaming Youth days Ronnie Caryl on guitar, Mike Piggott (violin) and John Howitt (bass). In 1973, Banks tried to form a new band, with singer and soon-to-be-wife, Sydney Foxx (real name Sidonie Jordan). Named Empire, Banks, Foxx, and various other band members recorded three albums up to 1979 which were","psg_id":"2580118"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"denied the request for a DNA test. After hearing evidence in the High Court case, Judge Courtney declared that Banks is the birth father of Antony Brett Shaw. John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979693\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later overturned. In between his tenures in Parliament, he served as Mayor of Auckland City for two terms, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2010. When seven\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"to gain a seat in the 1874 assembly, representing a Berlin constituency following a bye-election. He lost his seat in 1877, however. In May 1883 Edward Banks killed himself. Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19304561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor of the city. A brother in law was the writer-historian (1812-1891). He attended school in Hamburg and Lübeck, before moving on to study Law at Tübingen and Göttingen. While\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19304559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gordon Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986. Banks was elected at the 2005 general election, succeeding fellow Labour MP Martin O'Neill.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5100330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gordon Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Banks is married with two children. He is a member of the Coeliac Society. Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5100332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jim Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as a member of the Indiana Senate. Banks was first elected to serve in the state senate for the 17th district in 2010, and upon military deployment to Afghanistan, he took a leave of absence from the state senate since September 2014. Invoking an Indiana state law which allows state and local officeholders to take leaves of absence during active duty military service, Banks was temporarily replaced by his wife, Amanda Banks, who held the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ferenc Juhász (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"cost a ministry-owned apartment to Fapál around 2005 or 2006, which caused estimated 43 million Ft to the Ministry of Defence. Juhász said MTI his accusation was \\\"obviously acting on political pressure\\\". In February 2014, both politicians were acquitted. He is marrief. His wife is Csilla Szendrák. Ferenc Juhász (politician) Ferenc Juhász (born 6 July 1960) in Nyíregyháza, is a former Minister of Defence for Hungary. From 1990, he has been a member of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), and from 2000 the vice chairman of the party. He was the Minister of National Defense in Hungary from 27 May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7478623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two eviction proceedings filed against him in 2016. During the 2012 election, Brian Banks refused to pay Sawicki & Sons, the company that made his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Nov. 13 fundraiser at the American Serbian Hall in Detroit. Suggested contributions range from $41 for a ticket to $2,000 for a sponsor-level donor. Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William S. Taylor (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"the Seventh Legislature convened on 2 November 1857, Taylor was the only nomination for speaker. He was elected and served until he became ill on 26 December 1857 and took leave of absence. On 18 January 1858, Taylor resigned as Speaker. Taylor died on 22 July 1858 and was buried in Larissa. One of his fifteen children with wife Elizabeth, son William S. Taylor, Jr., fought in the Battle of San Jacinto. William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9537894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Banks\",\n \"text\": \"the 2018 thriller film \\\"The Commuter\\\". Banks married his first wife in 1968. Together, they had one daughter. After his divorce in 1970, Banks married his second wife in 1990. From this marriage, they had fraternal twins. Banks also has a stepdaughter from this marriage. Jonathan Banks Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His first notable film roles were in the films \\\"Airplane!\\\", \\\"48 Hrs.\\\", and \\\"Beverly Hills Cop\\\". He has received critical acclaim for his role as former police officer turned hitman Mike Ehrmantraut in the television series \\\"Breaking Bad\\\" and its spin-off \\\"Better\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4856656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (U.S. politician)\",\n \"text\": \"State treasurer of Pennsylvania in 1847. He resumed the practice of law in Reading, Pennsylvania, where he died in 1864. Interment in Reading's Charles Evans Cemetery. John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9227742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (U.S. politician)\",\n \"text\": \"John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served until his resignation on March 31, 1836. He became judge of the Berks judicial district from May 1836 until he resigned to become\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9227741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Caleb Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679. Banks stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Winchelsea in 1679 when he was under age. He was a captain of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15063539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Caleb Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Church. Banks married Elizabeth Fortrey, daughter of Samuel Fortrey but there were no children, rendering his father's baronetcy extinct. Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15063541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jim Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Banks supports allowing internet companies to release customer information with the federal government. Banks supports ending federal funding of abortions, including defunding Planned Parenthood. Banks calls banning transgender people from serving in the military as an \\\"emotional issue.\\\" He opposes the military paying for sex reassignment surgery saying that \\\"I don't think taxpayers should be on the hook for that.\\\" Banks lives in Columbia City, Indiana, with his wife Amanda and their three daughters. Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jan S. Marais\",\n \"text\": \"Marais had a wife, Peggy, who died in the 1980s, and a daughter, Carla. He resided in Durbanville. Marais died in 2009. Jan S. Marais Jan S. Marais (April 23, 1919 - 2009) was a South African banker and politician. He was the founder and chairman of the Trust Bank of Africa, one of South Africa's largest banks. He was a National member of the Parliament of South Africa, and a critic of apartheid. Jan S. Marais was born was Johannes Stephanus Marais on April 23, 1919 in Fraserburg, Northern Cape. He graduated from Stellenbosch University. Marais was the general\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20630197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Parliament on 13 June, ahead of sentencing on 1 August 2014. This sequence of events is drawn from the judgement in Banks' 2014 trial. Kim Dotcom and John Banks first met in April 2010, when Dotcom flew Banks to his mansion in a helicopter. They \\\"discussed ... Mr Dotcom’s goals. He hoped to undertake venture capital investment in this country. There was also a short discussion about Mr Dotcom’s residence application and Mr Banks offered to assist in this regard\\\". Banks, with his wife Amanda, visited the mansion again on 5 June. Over lunch, they discussed fundraising for his campaign.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Banks (died 1676)\",\n \"text\": \"four sons and three daughters. William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16403776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Banks (died 1676)\",\n \"text\": \"William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations from 1662 to 1663. From\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16403774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Dotcom offered $50,000 towards the campaign. Kim, his wife Mona Dotcom, and their head of security Wayne Tempero all gave evidence that Banks asked for the donation to be split and remain anonymous. All three told the court that Banks explained this would make it easier for him to \\\"help\\\" Dotcom in the future. Justice Wylie found each of them to be \\\"reliable and credible\\\" witnesses. Amanda Banks initially denied any discussion of the campaign or donations at the same lunch, but this changed under cross-examination. John Banks' evidence was different again, suggesting that they discussed donations of amounts up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury)\",\n \"text\": \"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury) Jacob Banks (27 Feb. 1704–1738), of Milton Abbas, Dorset, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1726 and 1738. Banks was the second son of Sir Jacob Bancks (or Banks), of [Milton Abbas, and his wife Mary Tregonwell, only surviving daughter of John Tregonwell, MP of Milton Abbas. Banks’s father was originally a Swedish diplomat who served in the Royal Navy, and his mother was formerly married to Francis Luttrell . His father died in December 1724 and when his brother died unmarried in 1725, Banks inherited the manor of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20996844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gladys E. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Gladys E. Banks Gladys E. Banks (July 2, 1897 – November 5, 1972) was an American politician from New York. She was born on July 2, 1897, in the Bronx. She married John W. Banks. She was a member of the New York State Assembly (Bronx Co., 11th D.) from 1945 to 1950, sitting in the 165th, 166th and 167th New York State Legislatures. In November 1950, she ran for re-election, but was defeated by Democrat Clarke S. Ryan. In November 1952, she defeated Ryan who ran for re-election. She was again a member of the State Assembly in 1953\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17984357\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Mallard laid a complaint about a $15,000 donation from SkyCity, listed as anonymous by Banks. Days later, Dotcom himself told \\\"The New Zealand Herald\\\" and TV3's \\\"Campbell Live\\\" program about his own donations, saying that the $50,000 was split at Banks' request, that the cheques were written out in the presence of Banks, and that Banks called him a few days later to thank him. Two complaints, including another from Mallard, were made to the police about the Dotcom donations. (Like Mallard, the second complainant had also raised the SkyCity donations.) The Police subsequently investigated, interviewing a number of people\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nathaniel P. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were noted by the Democratic Party. But his abolitionist views fitted him better for the nascent Republican Party, through which he became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Governor of Massachusetts in the 1850s. Always a political chameleon (for which he was criticized by contemporaries), Banks was the first professional politician (with no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1327391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was educated at prep school in Harrow and University College School in Hampstead. During the Second World War he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery. In 1948 he married Barbara Wells who in 1987 was awarded the OBE for services to the Women's Liberal Federation. They had two sons, Alistair Richard Harvie Banks (b. 1951) and Graham Thornton Harvie Banks (b. 1953). Banks was a life insurance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11832682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727)\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727) Joseph Banks (6 September 1665 – 27 September 1727), of Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire, was an English lawyer, financial speculator and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1727. Banks was the second son of Robert Banks of Beck Hall, Giggleswick, Yorkshire and his wife Margaret Frankland, daughter of John Frankland of Rathmell, Yorkshire. He was articled to a solicitor. He married, Mary Hancock, the daughter of Rev. Rowland Hancock, a dissenting minister of Shircliffe Hall, near Sheffield, in 1689. At some time, he moved to live as a country attorney at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18680118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Banks said that she was constantly nagging him to settle down. Banks' second wife was a show girl, but the marriage quickly dissolved again due to the difference in salary. Banks earned around $40 a week and his wife $1000 a week. It was shortly after this that he was employed at the record store where an infamous incident changed his life. He died May 2, 2013. Banks had a dream to become an actor, which was not fulfilled to his liking. At the age of 19, Aaron Banks decided his job was to be an actor. He charged in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15184322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Acquitted (1929 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a screenplay by Keene Thompson. The film stars Lloyd Hughes, Margaret Livingston, and Sam Hardy, and was released by Columbia Pictures on November 15, 1929. Marian is sent to prison for a crime she did not commit. While there she meets fellow convict, Dr. Bradford, who has also been wrongly convicted of a murder. Marion believes his innocence and falls in love with him. Bradford tells her that it was Egan who framed him. Meanwhile, Egan has fallen in love with Marian, and when Marian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20358909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks\",\n \"text\": \"group within the Liberal Party to prevent what many saw as a rightward drift by the party, and its potential capture by the economic liberals. The Group campaigned under the slogan 'social reform without socialism'. Banks was a strong pro-European, a founder member and one time chairman of the Liberal European Action Group and was President of the British Council of the European Movement from 1986 to 1994. Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11832685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kota Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Las Vegas performs using Banks on vocals. In March her single, \\\"Zoom\\\", was premiered on Triple J's \\\"Good Nights\\\" and subsequently received high rotation on the national youth radio station. Triple J's Al Newstead declared, \\\"this [track] has grown on us hard. It's a fun, flirty mix of dancehall and pop elevated by the fanciful production.\\\" Banks released her debut extended play, \\\"Prize\\\" (styled as \\\"PRIZE\\\"), in mid-2018, as a ten-track mix tape. It was produced by Omerhodic, who shared the song writing with Banks on most of its tracks. \\\"AltMedia\\\"s Jamie Apps rated it at three-and-a-half stars and explained,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20834409\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Acquitted (1929 film)\",\n \"text\": \"it a \\\"strong melodrama\\\", although they found the moral of the story less than desirable, saying that \\\"it glorifies a crook and a murderer\\\". They felt the script and direction created an atmosphere of tense suspense. They particularly singled out the acting work of Sam Hardy. The \\\"Motion Picture News\\\" also enjoyed the film, calling it a \\\"Good Crime Drama\\\". They complimented Lloyd Hughes and Margaret Livingston, while saying that they were outshone by Hardy, although they felt the plot was a bit hackneyed. Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20358913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sydney Banks\",\n \"text\": \"he became co-founder and executive producer. By the mid 1970s, Banks had created, produced and sometimes directed over 450 films and TV programs plus innumerable TV commercials. On leaving Global, he became a founder and director of the Toronto cable firm CUC Broadcasting, which became one of the largest cable systems in the Greater Toronto area, and was eventually sold to Shaw Cable in 1994. During the 1980s and 1990s, Banks was president of S Banks Group Inc which includes Ennerdale Productions and S. Banks (in-television) Limited. During this period of time, he travelled around the world doing business in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9178561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"seat for the remainder of his parliamentary career with the National Party. When National won the 1990 election, Banks entered Cabinet, becoming Minister of Police, Minister of Tourism, and Minister of Sport. While Minister of Police, he was fined $750 for answering his cell phone on a commercial flight in 1991. On the final reading of New Zealand's 1986 Homosexual Law Reform, John Banks said that \\\"This day will be remembered as a sad and sickening day for New Zealand. A very black cloud tonight and those members who wheel themselves through the doors of the Ayes lobby to vote\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"his company would win a multimillion-dollar contract, federal documents show. Along the way, Fiore appeared to have gotten help from Banks. \\\"Fiore is involved in bid-rigging with legislator Brian Banks,\\\" Special FBI Agent Robert Beeckman wrote in 2016 affidavit, which included intercepted text messages and phone calls between Fiore and Banks. According to the affidavit, in a May 5, 2016, phone conversation, Fiore and Banks spoke about the MDOT contract when Banks mentioned Fiore's political \\\"might.\\\" \\\"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you ... They said: 'We don't want to mess with that force,' \\\" Banks said. Fiore\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pompeia (wife of Caesar)\",\n \"text\": \"trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that \\\"my wife ought not even to be under suspicion.\\\" This gave rise to a proverb, sometimes expressed: \\\"Caesar's wife must be above suspicion.\\\" Pompeia (wife of Caesar) Pompeia (\\\"fl.\\\" 1st century BC) was the second wife of Julius Caesar. Her parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla. Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC, after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died the previous year in giving birth to her son\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4049181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wife selling\",\n \"text\": \"which she \\\"was kidnapped by a brothel-master\\\", who later \\\"sold her ... [to] her husband's new employer ... who ... the couple\\\". In 1990, in Central Nepal, mainly in rural areas, one song, a \\\"dukha\\\", which is a \\\"suffering/hardship\\\" song that \\\"provide[s] ... an interpretation of women's hardships\\\", \\\"underscore[d] ... the limited resources and rights of a wife caught in a bad marriage\\\". Sung from a daughter's perspective, the song in part said, \\\"[The wife says] You don't need to return home after drinking there in the evening.\\\"/\\\"In Pokhara bazaar, [there is] an electricity line,\\\"/\\\"The household property is not mine.\\\"/\\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15382226\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"businessmen's affidavits could be considered. In May 2015, the Court of Appeal reversed its decision to order a retrial when a new document was disclosed. The document included the affidavits from the two witnesses, confirming that Kim Dotcom and his then-wife Mona had fabricated their version of the events when giving evidence. An amendment to local electoral laws nicknamed the 'John Banks bill' passed its first reading in November 2012. It tightens restrictions on campaign donations, and was directly inspired by the 'anonymous' donations to Banks' 2010 mayoralty campaign. The Local Electoral Amendment Bill passed its third reading and became\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dennis Banks\",\n \"text\": \"a federal grand jury for aiding and abetting the murder of Aquash; he was alleged to have provided John Graham with a gun. He was acquitted of the charge. In 1975, he had been serving as one of Banks' bodyguards. Aquash was brought to Marshall's house on the Pine Ridge Reservation in December 1975 before being taken to the site of her murder. Authorities continue to investigate the Aquash murder. In 2014, \\\"The New York Times Magazine\\\" spoke to Banks for an in-depth feature about the murders of Aquash and Robinson. During his time in California from 1976 to 1983,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4620872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Azealia Banks\",\n \"text\": \"the tracks \\\"Jumanji\\\", \\\"Aquababe\\\", and \\\"Nathan\\\" (featuring rapper Styles P) were made available online. \\\"Fantasea\\\" was released via Banks' Twitter account on July 11, and was succeeded by the unveiling of Banks' online radio project, \\\"Kunt.FM\\\" the following week. Banks' first EP, \\\"1991\\\", was released in the UK on May 28 and in the US the following day. The 4-track EP, which includes \\\"212\\\", was not eligible for the \\\"UK Albums\\\" chart, but the title track charted at #79 on the \\\"UK Singles\\\" chart. It also reached 133 on the US 200, while reaching #17 on the \\\"US R&B/Hip-Hop\\\" chart,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16100263\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dennis Banks\",\n \"text\": \"found questionable accounting practices, but no evidence of criminal offenses. As a result of involvement in Custer and Wounded Knee, Banks and 300 others were arrested by the federal government and faced trial. He was acquitted of the Wounded Knee charges, but was convicted of incitement to riot and assault stemming from the earlier confrontation at Custer. Refusing the prison term, Banks went underground and organized a small armed AIM group. It included Anna Mae Pictou Aquash, considered the highest-ranking woman in AIM. About this time, the two were also involved in a personal relationship. After disappearing from Denver in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4620869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Hated Banks\",\n \"text\": \"The Man Who Hated Banks The Man Who Hated Banks (full name The Man Who Hated Banks and other mysteries) is a collection of mystery stories by the British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 1997 by the American company Crippen & Landru. As the back cover of the book tells us, it was \\\"published in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of Michael Gilbert's first book.\\\" Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19726878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"ruling that the key question was not why Banks may have been charged, but whether he committed the crimes alleged in the charges. In February 2017, Brian Banks reached a plea agreement with the Attorney General's office in which all felony counts against were dropped in exchange for his immediate resignation from the Michigan House of Representatives and pleading guilty to one misdemeanor. Banks announced his formal resignation in Wayne County Circuit Court on February 6, 2017. In December 2017, the Detroit Free Press obtained FBI wiretap transcripts that were unsealed in U.S. District Court. The investigation is linked to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward S. Rogers Jr.\",\n \"text\": \"Robinson), and their wedding took place on September 25, 1963. Her father was Roland Robinson, 1st Baron Martonmere, who was a British politician and former Governor of Bermuda. Rogers and his wife had four children together: Lisa, Edward, Melinda and Martha. He is a direct descendant of Timothy Rogers, the founder of Newmarket, Ontario and Pickering, Ontario. On October 25, 1990, Rogers was appointed to the grade of Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2006, he was inducted into Canada's Telecommunications Hall of Fame, along with his father, Edward S. Rogers Sr. In 2000, Rogers and his wife Loretta\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4326333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Azealia Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Banks forcefully arguing with the flight attendant, in which she at one point called the Delta employee a \\\"fucking faggot\\\". On November 10, 2015, it was reported Banks was under investigation by the Los Angeles Police Department following an altercation involving the rapper and a security guard at L.A. club Break Room 86. Later that year, Banks was arrested in New York after attacking a female security guard. In March 2016, Sarah Palin threatened a lawsuit against Banks in response to a series of tweets where she attacked the politician, calling for \\\"the biggest burliest blackest negroes\\\" to \\\"run a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16100283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sydney Banks\",\n \"text\": \"US border stations for Canadian consumption. He established the first TV commercial production unit in Canada and also in 1949 the first TV department for a major Canadian ad agency. In 1952, as Canada began TV broadcasting, Banks expanded into Canadian television program production. In 1955, he joined the late Spence Caldwell at S. W. Caldwell Ltd as executive producer, and ran the Rank organisation's Queensway Studios. He then moved to Foster Advertising, where he started their television advertising department. This involved frequent travel to the States, where he produced commercials for Carling. Banks was also the principal founder of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9178558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks\",\n \"text\": \"This backing led to the Rum Rebellion in Sydney, whereby governor was overthrown by the two men. This became an embarrassment for Sir Joseph Banks also because years earlier he campaigned that John Macarthur not be granted 10,000 acres of land near Sydney in the cow pastures, which was later granted by Lord Camden. The next governor, Lachlan Macquarie was asked to arrest Macarthur and Johnston, only to realise that they had left Sydney for London to defend themselves. What was humiliating was that Macarthur and Johnston were acquitted from all charges in London and both later returned to Sydney.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"509381\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"phone last year. Campaign finance records show both Jennifer Fiore and Gasper Fiore donated to Banks House campaign against Pamela Sossi. Brian Banks has falsely claimed to be an attorney, leading Wayne County Sheriff Benny Napoleon to endorse him. Sheriff Napoleon's spokesman Dennis Niemiec said the Sheriff was unaware of Banks' felony convictions and Sheriff Napoleon said he did not previously know about Banks' felonies. The State Bar of Michigan has no record of Banks ever being licensed to practice law in Michigan. Brian Banks campaign website previously stated that he was on staff at the law firm Rodnick, Unger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"firm to defend Banks against the charges of sexual harassment. The lawsuit was later settled for $11,950. On June 28, 2016, Brian Banks was charged with three new felonies and one misdemeanor by Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette over documents he falsified, to obtain a personal loan in June 2010. Because of his previous felony convictions, Banks was charged as a habitual offender and could have faced life in prison if convicted of the new felonies. In August 2016, Banks was bound over to Wayne County Circuit Court for trial on all charges by District Court Judge Deborah Langston. Banks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Zvereva / Jim Pugh 6–4, 6–2 Andrea Gaudenzi defeated Mikael Tillström 6–2, 4–6, 7–6 Magdalena Maleeva defeated Noëlle van Lottum 7–5, 6–2 Sébastien Leblanc / Greg Rusedski defeated Marten Renström / Mikael Tillström 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Kristin Godridge / Kirrily Sharpe defeated Erika deLone / Lisa Raymond 4–6, 7–5, 6–2 Sandy Mayer defeated Tom Gullikson 6–4, 6–4 Tom Gullikson / Dick Stockton defeated Mark Edmondson / Sherwood Stewart 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Wendy Turnbull / Virginia Wade 2–6, 6–4, 6–3 Total prize money for the event was $6,349,250. 1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Till There Was You (1990 film)\",\n \"text\": \"arrives only to find Charlie dead, and becomes involved with his late brother's partner, Viv, and Viv's unhappy wife, Anna. According to producer Jim McElroy, the aim of the movie was to make an adventure film in the style of \\\"Elephant Walk\\\" (1954) or \\\"To Have and Have Not\\\" (1944). It marked the directorial debut of highly regarded cinematographer John Seale. Dennis Quaid was originally rumoured to play the lead. Half the budget was provided by the FFC, whose contribution amounted to $6,326,711. The film was shot from 6 November 1989 to 19 January 1990. Till There Was You (1990\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6351823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Despite a number of controversies, Brian Banks defeated Scott Benson by 96 votes to win the 2012 Democrat Primary. Although only receiving 42% of the vote in the 2014 Primary, Banks was re-elected. During the August 2016 Primary Election, Brian Banks narrowly defended a challenge for his seat by Harper Woods attorney Pamela Sossi, a first time candidate. Despite Banks significant fundraising advantage, Sossi led the race throughout the night until last minute votes were reported, giving Banks a narrow victory. Sossi swept the suburbs, winning Harper Woods, Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores, while Banks won Detroit. According\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"a paternity claim. In the High Court proceedings, Shaw said his mother Pamela Mayes told him he was conceived during a relationship she had with Banks in 1969, and that when she told Banks she was pregnant that he had ended the relationship. In a sworn affidavit, Mayes alleged that Banks procured drugs that would make her miscarry, and pressured her into taking the necessary dosage, which she refused to do. In 1999 Mayes told Shaw his real father was John Banks. First Mayes and later Shaw contacted Banks to request confirmation of paternity but this was denied. Banks also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Dilettanti which helped to establish the Royal Academy. Banks was born on Argyle Street in London to William Banks, a wealthy Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. He had a younger sister, Sarah Sophia Banks, born in 1744. Banks was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9 and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included his future shipmate Constantine Phipps. As a boy, Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When he was 17, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"509364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gary George (Oregon politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative Kim Thatcher led an unsuccessful effort in 2008 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12407139\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gary George (Oregon politician)\",\n \"text\": \"repeal gay rights legislation passed by the 2007 legislature. Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12407140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Willie Banks (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"was \\\"For The Wrong I've Done\\\" for which he was nominated for a Grammy in 1980. Banks stayed with HSE Records until they changed their name to Black Label. Three projects were released on this label. Willie Banks moved over to Malaco Records in the mid 80's. He penned \\\"Look at the Blessings\\\" in 1986 with Malaco. He would release thirteen albums with them, four of them placing on the Billboard magazine Top Gospel Albums chart: \\\"For The Wrong I Done\\\" (1978), \\\"Mother Why\\\" (1980), \\\"The Legend Lives On\\\" (1992) and 1993's \\\"The Best of Willie Banks\\\", which was released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18700376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jasmyn Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Guvnors\\\" from 2014 until 2015. She will be starring in the horror film The Spiritualist, which is currently in post-production. Jasmyn Banks Jasmyn Grace Banks (born 20 August 1990) is an English actress. A graduate of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts and YPTC RAaW London Banks has acted in stage productions since 2005 and she has had roles in various television productions since 2006. She was cast as Alice Branning in the BBC soap opera \\\"EastEnders\\\" in 2012, making her screen debut on 10 May that year. She departed the show on 24 December 2013. Banks trained at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16605546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"was formally arraigned in Circuit Court on August 23. In July 2016 Kevin Trayer, the Postmaster of the Richland Post Office, investigated Brian Banks for mail fraud, concerning mail pieces that listed defunct Political Action Committees in the required political disclaimer. The pieces attacked Banks Primary opponent Pamela Sossi and echoed claims Banks had made while knocking doors. The former legislators tied to the dissolved PAC's had no ties to Brian Banks and denied allowing him to use the PAC's for any purpose. On September 15, 2016, Michigan Secretary of State Ruth Johnson ruled that Brian Banks used House funds\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Machines: Simple Machines 7\\\"s (1990–1993)\",\n \"text\": \"as well as two rants by Juliana Luecking, one of which is spoken in a fake Baltimore accent. It also contains two songs by Geek called \\\"Herasure\\\" and \\\"Hemingway Shotgun\\\", the latter of which Allmusic has mistakenly referred to as \\\"Hemingway \\\"Station\\\"\\\". The Machines: Simple Machines 7\\\"s (1990–1993) Simple Machines 7\\\"s 1990–1993 also known as The Machines is a compilation album created by Simple Machines records. The compilation consisted of six of the earliest EPs; Wedge (SMR 01; 1990), Wheel (SMR 02; 1990), Pulley (SMR 03; 1991), Screw (SMR 04; 1991), Lever (SMR 05; 1992), and Inclined Plane (SMR 06;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11137457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"responded: \\\"Mmmmmm yeah. Does that mean, So what they doing with the deal then?\\\" Banks: \\\"So, you good so far. You hear me.\\\" On May 26, a phone call between Gasper Fiore and Banks again discussed the MDOT contract. \\\"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you,\\\" Banks stated. Fiore laughed in response. \\\"They said you – 'We, we don't want to mess with that force behind you.'\\\" Later in the conversation, Banks again reassures Fiore: \\\"You know with the MDOT, you good.\\\" The conversation between Banks and Fiore was among many that the government obtained after bugging Fiore's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pet banks\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson. By 1833 there were 23 \\\"pet banks\\\" or state banks with US Treasury funds. The term gained currency because most of the banks were chosen not because of monetary fitness but on the basis of the spoils system, which rewarded political allies of Andrew Jackson. Most pet banks eventually lost money and didn't succeed in their investments. The pet banks and smaller \\\"wildcat\\\" banks flooded the country with paper currency. Because this money became so unreliable, Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required all public lands to be purchased with gold and/or silver. This contributed to the Panic of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5314718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Colin Banks\",\n \"text\": \"at Maidstone. With John Miles, he was the Production Editor of \\\"Which?\\\", and associated magazines, from 1964 to 1993. Banks was an influential designer, and his Telecom (T) identity, created for British Telecommunications when it was instituted in 1981, spawned many imitators. Its replacement by Wolff Olins' BT \\\"piper\\\" was received with much derision in 1991. Banks received a prestigious RSA/BBC Design Award in 1990, for the paper-saving redesign of the UK's Phonebook. Miles and Banks designed the UK Post Office's distinctive \\\"double-line\\\" alphabet in 1972 and New Johnston, a revival of Edward Johnston's \\\"Underground Sans\\\", for London Transport. They\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7264996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"the FBI. During the November 8 General Election, Banks received 66 percent of the vote over engineer William Broman, his Republican challenger. On February 6, 2017, just 26 days into his third term in the Michigan House of Representatives, Brian Banks resigned his seat to avoid prison time. By 9 am, February 8, 2017, Banks was sending e-mails to supporters inviting them to a March 6 fundraiser for his PAC, Bank on Banks for Michigan, leading to speculation that he would be running for future office, or financially backing his chosen successor. The fundraiser was held at Sinbad's restaurant in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661849\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In Which We Serve\",\n \"text\": \"leads to a flashback in which Blake remembers how he met his wife-to-be, Freda, on a train while on leave. It is also revealed that she is related to the \\\"Torrin\\\"'s affable Chief Petty Officer Hardy (Miles). When both men return to sea, Freda moves in with CPO Hardy's wife and mother-in-law. The \\\"Torrin\\\" participates in the Dunkirk evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force, (portrayed in the film by the 5th Battalion of the Coldstream Guards). Meanwhile, the nightly Blitz takes its toll on British towns. Blake soon gets a letter from home to say that Freda has given birth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"832902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. Doris Banks Henries\",\n \"text\": \"Education. She rose to the rank of Assistant Minister of Education in 1978. Banks Henries wrote a biography of Liberian president William V. S. Tubman, published in 1967. She also edited collections of Liberian poetry (1963), and of Liberian folklore (1967). In her work as a government official, she was credited as author of many official reports, textbooks, and books about Liberia for young readers. She served as president of the Society of Liberian Authors. In 1942, Doris Banks married Richard Abrom Henries, a Liberian government official whose first wife was Angie Brooks. Her husband, Speaker of the Liberian House\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19297186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"or resources to mail invitations to an event advocating for his re-election, a violation of section 57 of the Michigan Campaign Finance Act. As a result, Banks was required to personally reimburse the Michigan House of Representatives for the materials and labor misused. In December 2016, Brian Banks filed a motion to have Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette's office disqualified from the case, again claiming that the charges brought against him were politically motivated collusion between Pamela Sossi and the Attorney General, timed to ensure Banks lost his bid for re-election. Wayne County Circuit Judge Michael Hathaway dismissed Banks motion,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Andrew Banks\",\n \"text\": \"(World presidents' Organisation) following on from membership of YPO (Young presidents' Organisation) which he joined in 1988. Together with Geoff Morgan, Andrew Banks has authored four books on recruiting: Banks resides with his wife in Los Angeles, where his children and their families live. In 2015, Andrew Banks, together with Geoff Morgan, was voted equal first in an industry poll of The 5 Most Influential People in the Recruitment Industry in the past 60 years. In 2014, Andrew Banks and Geoff Morgan were inaugural inductees to the Recruitment International (Australia) Recruitment Industry Hall of Fame, for individuals who have made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18938126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nick Banks\",\n \"text\": \"of Pulp's performances in Sheffield and eventually joined the group in 1986. He joined because they were his favourite band. Banks also played drums in a Sheffield-based band called Pollinates. Since 2007 he has been managing Banks Pottery, a family-owned business which was previously run by his mother. He also plays regularly in Sheffield's Everly Pregnant Brothers and remains a member of Pulp. Nick Banks Nicholas David Banks (born 28 July 1965 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire) is the English drummer in the British band, Pulp. He lives in Sheffield with his wife Sarah and two children, Jackson and Jeannie. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5814161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"to $200,000, or even funding for the entire campaign, but not in great detail. Banks claimed to have suggested a single $25,000 donation, which could remain anonymous. Later, Banks thanked Dotcom for his support over the phone. He never discussed Dotcom's donation with his campaign team. Results were declared on 14 October, confirming Banks' loss to Len Brown. After the campaign Lance Hutchison, JP, a volunteer member of Banks' campaign team, completed the electoral return. Hutchison decided which donations to record as anonymous, including all five of the $25,000 donations the campaign received. Unlike Banks, Hutchison had no way of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Parkinson and appear in Banks' Florilegium, finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990. Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage, which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about Banks' scientific requirements on board Cook's new ship, \\\"Resolution\\\". The Admiralty regarded Banks' demands as unacceptable and without prior warning withdrew his permission to sail. In July of the same year he and Daniel Solander visited the Isle of Wight, Iceland and the western islands of Scotland. aboard \\\"Sir Lawrence\\\" and returned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"509371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jeff Banks (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine Gospel Albums chart, \\\"Lord Lift Me Up\\\" in 1984, 1987's \\\"Caught up in the Rapture\\\", 1989's \\\"The Storm Is Over\\\", \\\"He's All over Me\\\" in 1993. Banks was born on June 7, 1927 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as Jeff Willie Banks. His brother, Charles O. Davis, was born two years later, which both of them were mentored in music as soloist by Mary Johnson Davis from 1947 until 1953. They departed to for the Famous Banks Brothers, and relocated to Newark, New Jersey, where they were both compelled to become ministers by God and start and lead their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18700522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia\",\n \"text\": \"of the suspected thief fired at them, striking Doyle in the chest and killing him instantly. Although the wife was arrested and tried for the murder, she was acquitted. Officer Doyle was a veteran of the Civil War, having served in the US Navy, and had been with the MPD for five years. He was 38 years old at the time of his death and was survived by his wife and three children. He was buried in Congressional Cemetery. The MPD also has the unique historical fact of having arrested a sitting U.S. President. During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4320779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gordon Banks (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"Lifetime\\\", which included unfinished recordings Gaye had done between 1971 and 1982. Among the 1982 recordings included leftover \\\"Midnight Love\\\" tracks such as \\\"Sanctified Lady\\\", which was essentially a demo, with Harvey Fuqua adding in background vocalists, and Banks adding in electro-funk influences. Banks produced another unfinished \\\"Midnight Love\\\" track, \\\"Masochistic Beauty\\\", which was a biographical account of Gaye's penchant for S&M. Banks played vocoder background vocals on the track. Banks also finished production on a 1978 demo, \\\"Savage in the Sack\\\". David Ritz later contended that Gaye wouldn't have wanted the songs to be released but due to CBS\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11166991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Banks of Newfoundland\",\n \"text\": \"which resulted in extensive damage to transatlantic cables and generated a rare Atlantic tsunami that struck the south coast of Newfoundland and eastern Cape Breton Island, claiming 28 lives in the Burin Peninsula. Technological advances in fishing such as large factory ships and sonar, as well as geopolitical disputes over territorial sea and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries, have led to overfishing and a serious decline in the fish stocks of the Grand Banks from around 1990. Canada's EEZ currently occupies the majority of the Grand Banks except for the lucrative \\\"nose\\\" (eastern extremity, near the Flemish Cap) and \\\"tail\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2221166\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Doug Banks\",\n \"text\": \"his show to American Urban Radio Networks and renamed it \\\"The Doug Banks Show\\\". Banks also hosted some editions of \\\"NASCAR Now\\\" on ESPN2. He also made a guest appearance on the sitcom \\\"My Wife and Kids\\\" as Tom Miller, a friend of Michael Kyle who is tragically killed after being hit by a taxi (offscreen). The death of Tom makes Michael paranoid and overly sensitive about his own life. Banks died from complications of diabetes and kidney failure on April 11, 2016. Banks is survived by a wife, three daughters and a son. Doug Banks Calvin Douglas \\\"Doug\\\" Banks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5644385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Blackmore (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Blackmore (politician) Peter Terrence Blackmore (born 11 February 1945) is an Australian politician and former Mayor of the City of Maitland. Born to George and Kathleen Blackmore, he attended Newcastle Technical High School and became a salesman, covering fields such as real estate and catering. From 1974 to 1990, he owned a service station. Blackmore has two daughters with his second wife, Lynette Ruth Steel. He also has two sons Rodney and Simon peter with his first wife. In 1986 he was elected Mayor of Maitland, a position he held until 1990, and was reelected to the position of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14822928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"campaign signs. During the 2012 Primary Election, Brian Banks was evicted from a home in Harper Woods at 19239 Berden by landlord Michele Wood, who took him to court three times for writing bad checks and not paying rent. After the 2012 General Election, Brian Banks was evicted from his Harper Woods home at 20927 Fleetwood when he bounced two checks to landlord Dan Sylvester. In 2013, Brian Banks was sued for sexual harassment by his Legislative Aide, Mr. Tramaine Cotton. According to Tim Bowlin, director of the House Business Office, the state paid $85,622 to the Dickinson Wright law\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sydney Banks\",\n \"text\": \"a variety of different industries. While in the eighties and nineties Banks cut back on his business activities to look after his ailing wife Shirley, he remained in close touch with the film business, and, after Shirley's passing, on January 6, 1995, he resumed full-time activities in film and television. In 1998 he was executive producer of the Canadian film \\\"Heart of the Sun\\\", whose cast included Christianne Hirt, Michael Riley and Graham Greene, and which was produced by his company Ennerdale Productions. Banks also maintained a home in Palm Springs, California. Syd Banks died in Toronto on November 14,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9178562\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pasco banks\",\n \"text\": \"and sailfish. Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\\\" S latitude and 174°\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15038227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pasco banks\",\n \"text\": \"Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\\\" S latitude and 174° 25' 00\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15038223\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nathaniel P. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Waltham's Central Square, and Banks Street in New Orleans is named after him, as is Banks Court in Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood. The incorporated village of Banks, Michigan was named for him in 1871. The Gale-Banks House, his home in Waltham from 1855 to his death, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1327447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Ballots. Ultimately, Brian Banks was able to take advantage of unusually low voter turnout to utilize his political and financial network to guide Yancey to a 198-vote victory, ensuring that she would replace him in the Michigan House of Representatives due to the voter registration of the District. In August 2017, Brian Banks filed candidate paperwork to run for the Michigan State Senate 2nd District seat in anticipation of a resignation by Bert Johnson, who has been federally indicted for corruption. According to the invitation obtained by the Detroit News, Banks is set to kick off his campaign with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"independently waived by the Superintendent and School Board. During the 2012 General Election, the Grosse Pointe Democrats refused to endorse Brian Banks, despite his request for the endorsement and the fact that he was the Democratic candidate. During Brian Banks tenure in the Michigan House of Representatives, members of the Michigan Democratic Party had over 190 pieces of legislation signed into law. Despite being Chairman of the Detroit Caucus, 91 percent of Brian Banks bills died in committee during the same period of time. Only 2 of his bills ever received votes on the floor and neither passed into law.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661846\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results\",\n \"text\": \"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results These are the results of the 1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics which took place from 14 to 16 September 1990 at Vila Olímpica in Manaus, Brazil. Heat 1 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Heat 2 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Final – 16 September
Wind: +1.2 m/s Heat 1 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Heat 2 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Final – 15 September
Wind: +0.3 m/s Heat 1 – 14 September
Heat 2 – 14 September
Final Standings – 14 September
There was no proper 400m final.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18660440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Norman Banks (bishop)\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Banks (bishop) Norman Banks (born 4 April 1954) is an Anglican bishop. Since 2011, he has been the Bishop of Richborough, the provincial episcopal visitor for the eastern half of the Church of England Province of Canterbury. Banks was born on 4 April 1954. He studied at Oriel College, Oxford before then studying for ordination at St Stephen's House, Oxford. He was an assistant curate at Christ Church and St Ann's, Newcastle from 1982 to 1987 and priest in charge until 1990. He was Vicar of St Paul's, Whitley Bay, from 1990 until 2000. Latterly he was Vicar of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15614437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"time, rumours suggested that he might return to national politics, standing as a candidate either for the National Party or ACT New Zealand. Several meetings took place between Banks and senior ACT members. In the end, however, Banks declined to become an ACT candidate. In February 2005, Banks returned to talkback radio reprising his \\\"Breakfast with Banksie\\\" early morning radio show on Radio Pacific. Banks has expressed many views that were homophobic. When hosting a talk back radio show, a caller said that \\\"six inches of barbed wire shoved up gay mens arses\\\" which John Banks retorted, would be a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Freddie Banks\",\n \"text\": \"is still behind that three-point line.\\\" In 2010, Banks was also inducted into the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. As of 2018, Banks was Head Boy's Basketball Coach at Canyon Springs High School, in Las Vegas, with his wife and seven children. Freddie Banks Freddie Banks (born March 6, 1965) is an American former collegiate and professional basketball player. Banks attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and is a member of the UNLV Athletics Hall of Fame. Banks was the first pick of the second round (#24 overall) of the 1987 NBA Draft by the Detroit Pistons. Banks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20643634\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"J. B. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"for which he received five years probation, 300 hours of court-ordered community service, and a prohibition from holding any elected or appointed office while on probation. In 2003, he died at a Las Vegas hospital's emergency room of natural causes at the age of 79. J. B. Banks J. B. \\\"Jet\\\" Banks (c. 1924 - October 12, 2003) was an American Democrat politician who served in the Missouri Senate and in the Missouri legislature for three decades. Banks, the son of a sharecropper, rose to become state senate majority leader, making him Missouri's highest-ranking black elected official. Born in or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20740771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cyril Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Cyril Banks Colonel Cyril Banks MBE (12 August 1901 – 23 October 1969) was a British engineer, company director, and politician. He was a Conservative Party representative, but his friendship with President Nasser and Egypt led him to sacrifice his career over the invasion of Suez. Banks was born in Sheffield, to a lower-middle-class family. He was sent to a council school, and then became an apprentice in mechanical engineering for five years. In 1922 he went to the University of Sheffield to study, and became an Associate in Mechanical Engineering. Banks was then employed by the Standard Motor Company\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11047034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sarah Sophia Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Sarah Sophia Banks Sarah Sophia Banks (28 October 1744 – 27 September 1818) was an English antiquarian collector and sister and collaborator of botanist Joseph Banks. She collected coins and medals and ephemera which are now historically valuable like broadsheets, newspaper clippings, visiting cards, prints, advertisements and playbills. She was born on 28 October 1744 at 30 Argyll Street in Soho, the daughter of William Banks, the MP for Grampound, and his wife Sarah. She \\\"discussed questions of plant biology with her brother...\\\" and \\\"...influenced him greatly.\\\" Many \\\"of her ideas made their way into his writings [and she] also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7923832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Zealand First supporters. There was intense media interest in what was on the recording but the Herald refused to publish the recording – which became known as the Teapot Tape. The ACT Party attracted only 1.07% of the party vote in the election. However, Banks won the Epsom electorate and become the party's sole MP. Party leader Don Brash resigned shortly thereafter and in February 2012, Banks was unanimously voted ACT party leader by the ACT board. Banks served as Minister of Regulatory Reform, Minister for Small Business, Associate Minister of Commerce and Associate Minister of Education in the Fifth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas S. Smith (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was born on December 14, 1917, and attended Howard University, majoring in education. In the assembly, he was the Deputy Speaker from 1998–2001, Majority Whip from 1996–1998 and the Assistant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11872865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William S. Taylor (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives briefly in the Seventh Texas Legislature. Taylor, at 62, is the oldest person to assume the office of Speaker of the Texas House. Taylor was born in Georgia in late 1795. After moving to Alabama, Taylor enlisted and fought in the First Seminole War and Second Seminole War, serving as a captain in the latter. He was appointed brigadier general of the Alabama State Militia in 1841, and thereafter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9537892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"S. S. Chandran\",\n \"text\": \"his more popular films are: Sahadevan Mahadevan, Thangamani Rangamani, Paati Sollai Thattathey, and Kathanayagan. Chandran has also produced four films. He suffered a heart attack and died on October 9, 2010. He is survived by his wife and daughter. S. S. Chandran S. S. Chandran (; died October 9, 2010) was a comedy actor, producer and politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He belonged to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party and was a Member of the Parliament representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. His son Rohit has acted in one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10615667\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ernie Banks\",\n \"text\": \"crazy uncle who hung around the house for no apparent reason\\\", and that team officials anonymously told the press that Banks had been fired because he was unreliable. Soon Banks and the Cubs reconciled and he resumed making appearances on behalf of the team. In 1984, when the Cubs won the NL East division, the club named Banks an honorary team member. At the 1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first one held at Wrigley Field since Banks' playing days, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch to starting catcher Mike Scioscia. Banks was named to the Major League\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2263554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas S. Smith (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"died on September 26, 2002. District 11 Republican County Committee members voted to fill the vacancy created by Smith's death by naming Sean T. Kean to fill the seat. Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11872867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Banks\\\". Guest musicians included Akkerman, bassist John Wetton, drummer Phil Collins, guitarist Steve Hackett and fellow Flash members Ray Bennett and Mike Hough. Around the summer of 1973, Banks played with the jazz-rock band called Zox & the Radar Boys, including Phil Collins (drums) and his mate from the Flaming Youth days Ronnie Caryl on guitar, Mike Piggott (violin) and John Howitt (bass). In 1973, Banks tried to form a new band, with singer and soon-to-be-wife, Sydney Foxx (real name Sidonie Jordan). Named Empire, Banks, Foxx, and various other band members recorded three albums up to 1979 which were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2580118\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["imelda romuáldez marcos","imelda romualdez marcos","steel butterfly","imelda romualdez","imelda remedios visitacion romualdez","remedios trinidad romualdez","marcos, imelda","imelda trinidad romuáldez-marcos","imelda marcos","steel butterfly","imeldific","remedios t. romualdez","imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez","imelda trinidad romualdez-marcos","conjugal dictatorship","imelda romualdez-marcos","emelda marcos","imelda collection","imelda (given name)","imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez marcos","conjugal dictatorship","amelda marcos","steal butterfly"],"string":"[\n \"imelda romuáldez marcos\",\n \"imelda romualdez marcos\",\n \"steel butterfly\",\n \"imelda romualdez\",\n \"imelda remedios visitacion romualdez\",\n \"remedios trinidad romualdez\",\n \"marcos, imelda\",\n \"imelda trinidad romuáldez-marcos\",\n \"imelda marcos\",\n \"steel butterfly\",\n \"imeldific\",\n \"remedios t. romualdez\",\n \"imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez\",\n \"imelda trinidad romualdez-marcos\",\n \"conjugal dictatorship\",\n \"imelda romualdez-marcos\",\n \"emelda marcos\",\n \"imelda collection\",\n \"imelda (given name)\",\n \"imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez marcos\",\n \"conjugal dictatorship\",\n \"amelda marcos\",\n \"steal butterfly\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":596,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in what year did saddam hussein become president of iraq?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"became President, and Saddam became his deputy. In 1979, Saddam Hussein displaced General Bakr, and a little more than a year later, he ordered Iraqi troops to invade Iran, starting the Iran–Iraq War that would continue until 1988. Iraq's 1990 Invasion of Kuwait led to the 1991 Gulf War. In 1998, Saddam halted Iraqi cooperation with the United Nations Special Commission weapons inspections imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War, and kept U.N. inspectors out until 2002. In March 2003, the United States led an invasion of Iraq that quickly toppled the government. Saddam fled the capital of Baghdad shortly","psg_id":"13540303"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"became President, and Saddam became his deputy. In 1979, Saddam Hussein displaced General Bakr, and a little more than a year later, he ordered Iraqi troops to invade Iran, starting the Iran–Iraq War that would continue until 1988. Iraq's 1990 Invasion of Kuwait led to the 1991 Gulf War. In 1998, Saddam halted Iraqi cooperation with the United Nations Special Commission weapons inspections imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War, and kept U.N. inspectors out until 2002. In March 2003, the United States led an invasion of Iraq that quickly toppled the government. Saddam fled the capital of Baghdad shortly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540303\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the trial as a show trial that did not meet international standards on the right to a fair trial. Amnesty International stated that the trial was","psg_id":"6269265"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"up a tribunal to try him and absolve themselves completely?\" Journalist Mohamad Bazzi wrote in 2014 that Hussein's trial and execution deepened sectarianism in Iraq: Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the","psg_id":"6269294"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"challenged by journalist Solomon Hughes, writing: \"You might remember that we invaded Iraq because Saddam did have WMD, but was pretending he didn't. Now it turns out we invaded Iraq because Saddam did not have WMD, but pretended he did.\" How did Saddam let the world believe Iraq had WMD by denying he had WMD? How does this story work? It doesn't, because the [Associated Press] report is false. FBI agent Pinto's actual record of a casual conversation with Saddam reads: \"Even though Hussein claimed Iraq did not have WMD, the threat from Iran was a major factor as to","psg_id":"13540311"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka","text":"mosque. After the capture of Saddam by United States military forces, the villagers of Saddam Hussein Village were critical of the U.S. policy in Iraq. Among the comments recorded by the BBC were: 127 Muslims were murdered at three villages, including Saddam Hussein Village, about 10 August 1990, allegedly by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to","psg_id":"3880431"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"2 August 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait, initially claiming assistance to \"Kuwaiti revolutionaries,\" thus sparking an international crisis. On 4 August an Iraqi-backed \"Provisional Government of Free Kuwait\" was proclaimed, but a total lack of legitimacy and support for it led to an 8 August announcement of a \"merger\" of the two countries. On 28 August Kuwait formally became the 19th Governorate of Iraq. Just two years after the 1988 Iraq and Iran truce, \"Saddam Hussein did what his Gulf patrons had earlier paid him to prevent.\" Having removed the threat of Iranian fundamentalism he \"overran Kuwait and confronted his Gulf","psg_id":"403277"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"age of 20, Saddam Hussein joined the nascent Ba'ath Party, which was founded on a socialist form of Pan-Arabism. After participating in an unsuccessful 1959 assassination attempt on then Prime Minister of Iraq Abd al-Karim Qasim, Saddam became a fugitive, and eventually fled to Syria and then Egypt. Following the Ba'athists overthrow of the prime minister in the February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, and the counter-coup half a year later, Saddam was jailed in Iraq from 1964 to 1966. The Ba'ath party returned to power after another successful coup in 1968. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, a relative of Saddam Hussein,","psg_id":"13540302"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka","text":"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to build the village and its central Mosque. Saddam Hussein first became involved in the village after floods hit the area in 1978 and local authorities approached the Iraqi embassy for help. The former president was said to have readily obliged and sponsored construction of the entire village with some 100 houses, including a school and a","psg_id":"3880430"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"why he did not allow the return of the UN inspectors. Hussein stated he was more concerned about Iran discovering Iraq's weaknesses and vulnerabilities than the repercussions of the United States for his refusal to allow UN inspectors back into Iraq.\" So in 1998 Saddam resisted the UN weapons inspectors because he did not want to look weak in front of Iran, with whom he had fought a vicious eight-year war. This is not the same as pretending to have WMD. Saddam did not want to look like he could be pushed around by the UN lest his neighbours scent","psg_id":"13540312"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"weakness, but his government repeatedly—and accurately—denied having WMD. The chronology of the reported meetings between Piro and Saddam in 2004: Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by","psg_id":"13540313"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by the National Security Archive. Saddam, identified as \"High Value Detainee #1\" in the documents, was the subject of 20 \"formal","psg_id":"13540298"},{"title":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview","text":"uncensored unprepared debate televised worldwide where both American and Iraqi Presidents sitting in their respective countries would discuss their nation's problems. He also said Dan Rather could moderate the debate. This never happened. February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month.","psg_id":"6540754"},{"title":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview","text":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month. Rather and \"CBS Evening News\" executive producer Jim Murphy were driven around Baghdad for 45 minutes and switched cars on two separate occasions to keep Saddam's position secret. The interview was held at","psg_id":"6540751"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"31 December 2006. He was buried 3 km (2 mi) from his sons Uday and Qusay Hussein. His tomb was reported to have been destroyed in March 2015. Before it was destroyed, a Sunni tribal group reportedly removed his body to a secret location, fearful of what might happen. In August 1995, Raghad and her husband Hussein Kamel al-Majid and Rana and her husband, Saddam Kamel al-Majid, defected to Jordan, taking their children with them. They returned to Iraq when they received assurances that Saddam would pardon them. Within three days of their return in February 1996, both of the","psg_id":"403308"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation . The consensus of","psg_id":"4952329"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"host Jim Lehrer, that Saddam's execution \"looked like it was kind of a revenge killing.\" Bush said he was \"disappointed and felt like they fumbled the—particularly the Saddam Hussein—execution. It reinforced doubts in people's minds that the Maliki government and the unity government of Iraq is a serious government. ... And it sent a mixed signal to the American people and the people around the world.\" Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special","psg_id":"9407847"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"it was \"all okay\".'\" Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation","psg_id":"4952440"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"On the other two occasions, the Committee concluded, Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qaeda operative. The intelligence community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qaeda and Iraq. On the more specific question of whether Saddam Hussein was behind the attacks of September 11, 2001, the consensus view is that there is no credible evidence of his government's involvement. On March 20, 2006, President Bush made clear that his administration did not have any evidence to prove Saddam played a role in those attacks. The Bush Administration sought to link the Iraqi dictator to Islamist radicals","psg_id":"4952333"},{"title":"Hussein Kamel al-Majid","text":"Iraq in 1990. He married one of Saddam Hussein's daughters, Raghad Saddam, and lived in Iraq until 1995. On 7 August of that year, Kamel and his wife defected from Iraq, along with Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, and the brother's wife, Rana Saddam, another of Saddam Hussein's daughters. In a 21 September 1995 interview with CNN, Hussein Kamel explained: This is what made me leave the country, the fact that Saddam Hussein surrounds himself with inefficient ministers and advisers who are not chosen for their competence but according to the whims of the Iraqi president. And as a result of","psg_id":"2611762"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"us and flatter us. We have now grasped the reality of the situation. If the trickery continues, we will be forced to unmask them, all of them, before the French public.\" France armed Saddam and it was Iraq's largest trade partner throughout Saddam's rule. Seized documents show how French officials and businessmen close to Chirac, including Charles Pasqua, his former interior minister, personally benefitted from the deals with Saddam. Because Saddam Hussein rarely left Iraq, Tariq Aziz, one of Saddam's aides, traveled abroad extensively and represented Iraq at many diplomatic meetings. In foreign affairs, Saddam sought to have Iraq play","psg_id":"403253"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"Iraq. The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005. At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party (see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein). A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006, trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging.","psg_id":"6269268"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"found hiding in a hole in the ground near a farmhouse in ad-Dawr, near Tikrit. Following his capture, Saddam was transported to a U.S. base near Tikrit, and later taken to the American base near Baghdad. Documents obtained and released by the National Security Archive detail FBI interviews and conversations with Hussein while he was in U.S. custody. On 14 December, U.S. administrator in Iraq Paul Bremer confirmed that Saddam Hussein had indeed been captured at a farmhouse in ad-Dawr near Tikrit. Bremer presented video footage of Saddam in custody. Saddam was shown with a full beard and hair longer","psg_id":"403300"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"board such as that lad, Mansour.\" He was later sacked by Al-Jazeera. In 2002, Austrian prosecutors investigated Saddam government's transactions with Fritz Edlinger that possibly violated Austrian money laundering and embargo regulations. Fritz Edlinger, president of the \"General Secretary of the Society for Austro-Arab relations\" (GÖAB) and a former member of Socialist International's Middle East Committee, was an outspoken supporter of Saddam Hussein. In 2005, an Austrian journalist revealed that Fritz Edlinger's GÖAB had received $100,000 from an Iraqi front company as well as donations from Austrian companies soliciting business in Iraq. In 2002, a resolution sponsored by the European","psg_id":"403293"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"lesson and, like Iran, should only trust the will of their people and not corrupt powers.\" Mahathir bin Mohamad, Former Prime Minister of Malaysia said \"On the Holy day of Eid, the world watched in horror at the barbaric lynching of President Saddam Hussein of Iraq, allegedly for crimes against humanity. This public murder was sanctioned by the War Criminals, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair.\" Terry Davis, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, an international organization of which almost all European states are members, made an official statement condemning the execution: \"The trial of Saddam Hussein was a","psg_id":"19615392"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"On 26 December, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date. The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out. Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging on 30 December 2006. With his death, all other charges were dropped. The 67-year-old, President Saddam Hussein appeared confident and defiant throughout the 46-minute hearing. Alternating between listening to and gesturing at the judge Rizgar Mohammed Amin, he questioned the legitimacy of the tribunal set up to try him. He called","psg_id":"6269269"},{"title":"Rana Hussein","text":"Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is Raghad and younger sister is Hala Hussein. In 1986, she married Saddam Kamel al-Majid, brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid, her elder sister Raghad's husband, she has four children. She accompanied her husband to Jordan in 1995, where she lived from August 8 of that year to February 20, 1996. They returned to Iraq after receiving assurances from Saddam Hussein that he would pardon Kamel and his brother,","psg_id":"3369522"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Kuwaitis but Iraq \"would not accept death\". U.S. officials attempted to maintain a conciliatory line with Iraq, indicating that while George H. W. Bush and James Baker did not want force used, they would not take any position on the Iraq–Kuwait boundary dispute and did not want to become involved. Later, Iraq and Kuwait met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait. As tensions between Washington and Saddam began to escalate, the Soviet Union, under Mikhail Gorbachev, strengthened its military relationship with the Iraqi leader, providing him military advisers, arms and aid. On","psg_id":"403276"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Iran, first attacking Mehrabad Airport of Tehran and then entering the oil-rich Iranian land of Khuzestan, which also has a sizable Arab minority, on 22 September 1980 and declared it a new province of Iraq. With the support of the Arab states, the United States, and Europe, and heavily financed by the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein had become \"the defender of the Arab world\" against a revolutionary Iran. The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed","psg_id":"403260"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror.\" After the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, which demanded that Iraq give \"immediate, unconditional and active cooperation\" with UN and IAEA inspections, Saddam allowed U.N. weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix to return to Iraq. During the renewed inspections beginning in November 2002, Blix found no stockpiles of WMD and noted the \"proactive\" but not always \"immediate\" Iraqi cooperation as called for by UN Security Council Resolution 1441. With war still looming on 24 February 2003, Saddam Hussein took part in an interview with CBS","psg_id":"403296"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"I knew they wanted to administer the sentence before the end of the year, but why on the Muslim holiday? People are executed all over the world, but what happened in Baghdad on the first day of Eid al-Adha was unthinkable. I didn't believe it was happening\", he said. \"In the end, no one will ever forget the circumstances and the way in which Saddam was executed. They turned him into a martyr, and the problems in Iraq remained.\" Muammar Gaddafi, Leader of Libya said that \"Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war held by the US occupation forces, and","psg_id":"19615390"},{"title":"Vice President of Iraq","text":"Iraq which deemed their abolition unconstitutional. The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President. Vice President of Iraq Iraq has three vice presidents or deputy presidents, although a debate is ongoing about a political reform to abolish their posts. The office of Vice-President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its \"Transitional Guidelines,\" creates a three-member Presidency (or","psg_id":"7857184"},{"title":"Refugees of Iraq","text":"safe area. On February 15, 1991, President George H.W Bush called upon the Iraqi people to overthrow Saddam Hussein, which did not occur until 2003 under the administration of his son, President George W. Bush, and incited the recent Iraq War. Refugees from Iraq have increased in number since the US-led invasion into Iraq in March 2003. After Saddam Hussein fell in 2003, over 30,000 refugees returned home within two years. But by 2006, they were fleeing again due to sectarian violence that culminated with the al-Askari mosque bombing in February 2006. The US occupation and ethnic conflict among Iraqis","psg_id":"9394083"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"been discussed by two witnesses, Iraqi Judge Munir Haddad and Iraqi national security adviser Mowaffak al-Rubaie. The accounts of the two witnesses are contradictory as Haddad describes Saddam as being strong in his final moments whereas al-Rubaie says Saddam was clearly afraid. Not long before the execution, Saddam's lawyers released his last letter. A second unofficial video, apparently showing Saddam's body on a trolley, emerged several days later. It sparked speculation that the execution was carried out incorrectly as Saddam Hussein had a gaping hole in his neck. Saddam was buried at his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, on","psg_id":"403307"},{"title":"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq","text":"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights organizations have documented government-approved executions, acts of torture and rape for decades since Saddam","psg_id":"1639248"},{"title":"My Year in Iraq","text":"refused to defend Saddam Hussein's regime. A number of important issues are raised in the book including the capture of Saddam Hussein, the First Battle of Fallujah, and the crisis of Muqtada al-Sadr. My Year in Iraq My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope is a memoir by ambassador Paul Bremer, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Published in the United States on 9 January 2006 it covers the period between May 2003 to July 2004. Bremer takes the readers through his struggle with Iraq's leaders to build democratic institutions. He also describes negotiations with","psg_id":"18758609"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"know I didn't say that there was a direct connection between September the 11th and Saddam Hussein.\" Bush reaffirmed the White House position in even stronger terms in a press conference on 21 August 2006. Ken Herman of Cox News asked, \"What did Iraq have to do with ... the attack on the World Trade Center?\" Bush replied, \"Nothing.\" Bush elaborated on his answer and added, \"Nobody has ever suggested that the attacks of September the 11th were ordered by Iraq.\" Opponents of his Iraq policy charged that his statement was inconsistent with his letter to Congress of March 21,","psg_id":"4952346"},{"title":"Saddam Kamel","text":"1995, he defected from Iraq with his brother and their wives. His brother gave information to UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6 about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. In 1996, they returned to Iraq believing they had been pardoned for their actions; however, the brothers were executed in a prolonged gun battle shortly after they returned. Saddam Kamel Saddam Kamel Hassan al-Majid (1956-1996) was the second cousin and son-in-law of deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. He was married to Rana Hussein and was the brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid (who was also married to a daughter of Saddam, Raghad Hussein). He","psg_id":"3479565"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"became president. Arif dismissed and arrested the Ba'athist leaders later that year in the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état. Being exiled in Egypt at the time, Saddam played no role in the 1963 coup or the brutal anti-communist purge that followed; although he returned to Iraq after the coup, Saddam remained \"on the fringes of the newly installed Ba'thi administration and [had] to content himself with the minor position of a member of the Party's central bureau for peasants,\" in the words of Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi Unlike during the Qasim years, Saddam remained in Iraq following Arif's anti-Ba'athist","psg_id":"403229"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"to suffer losses from human wave attacks by Iran. By 1982, Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war. At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Dr. Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations. Initially, Saddam Hussein appeared to take in this opinion as part of his cabinet democracy. A few weeks later, Dr. Ibrahim was sacked when held responsible for a fatal incident in an Iraqi hospital where a patient died from intravenous administration of the wrong concentration of potassium supplement. Dr. Ibrahim was","psg_id":"403262"},{"title":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq","text":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \"bitter history\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \"responsible for most of the atrocities committed against the Assyrians in particular, due to proximity and a long tradition","psg_id":"3142379"},{"title":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq","text":"the goals of various Iraqi regimes, causing violence to break out when political negotiations broke down: Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \"bitter history\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \"responsible for most","psg_id":"3142397"},{"title":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq","text":"November 1963 in a military coup led by a small group of officers. For the next five years power shifted among the officers until 1968, when another coup brought the Baath back to power. When the Baathists came back to power, two men, Saddam Hussein and Bakr, increasingly dominated the party. Although Bakr was the older and more prestigious of the two, by 1969 Saddam \"clearly had become the moving force behind the party.\" Human rights violations in Iraq often came from conflicts between the country's rulers and members of distinct ethnic communities, especially the Kurds and Shiite Arabs, although","psg_id":"3142395"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"in trial proceedings by the removal of a judge mid-trial, exclusion of members of the defense team at points in the trial, assassination of multiple members of the defence team, and the closure of the trial before the defence team had completed presenting its legal case. In the opening statement of the Jury of Conscience of the World Tribunal on Iraq, keynote speaker Arundhati Roy retorted, \"Saddam Hussein is being tried as a war criminal even as we speak. But what about those who helped to install him in power, who armed him, who supported him—and who are now setting","psg_id":"6269293"},{"title":"House of Saddam","text":"is overthrown. During a holiday celebrating Iraq's \"victory\" over Iran, the Kamel brothers cross the border to Jordan with their wives, Raghad and Rana Hussein. The women, Saddam's daughters, warn their husbands of the potential consequences should Saddam discover their absences. Meanwhile, at a holiday party, Uday rapes a waitress. Qusay realises that his sisters are missing and notifies Saddam. In Jordan, King Hussein grants the self-exiled group asylum just as Saddam declares them traitors in Iraq. Hussein Kamel plans to oust Saddam with Western support, and to reveal state secrets once installed as president. His plans are undermined when","psg_id":"12246112"},{"title":"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq","text":"was largely the product of the pervasive secret police and systematic use of torture. Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights","psg_id":"1639255"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"and Poland expressed approval of the execution. A spokesman for Poland's president said, \"justice has been meted out to a criminal who murdered thousands of people in Iraq.\" In the United States, President George W. Bush made a statement, \"Bringing Saddam Hussein to justice will not end the violence in Iraq, but it is an important milestone on Iraq's course to becoming a democracy that can govern, sustain, and defend itself.\" Celebration in the United States occurred in at least one location in Dearborn, Michigan, at the corner of Warren and Greenfield, a heavily Shi'a Iraqi-American community. In Iran, members","psg_id":"19615398"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein were varied. Some strongly supported the execution, particularly those personally affected by Saddam's actions as leader. Some of these victims wished to see him brought to trial for his other actions, alleged to have resulted in a much greater number of deaths than those for which he was convicted. Some believed the execution would boost morale in Iraq, while others feared it would incite further violence. Many in the international community supported Saddam being brought to justice but objected in particular to the use of capital","psg_id":"19615376"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"a few FBI agents who spoke Arabic fluently. Saddam was led to believe that his interrogator was a high-ranking U.S. government official with direct access to U.S. President George W. Bush, when in reality he was in a relatively low-level position at the time. Piro discussed the interrogation process during an interview on the television news magazine \"60 Minutes\" in January 2008. In an official statement, a senior FBI official in Piro’s chain of command characterized the perceived success of their interrogation of Saddam Hussein as one of the agency's top accomplishments in its 100-year history. In 1957, at the","psg_id":"13540301"},{"title":"CIA activities in Iraq","text":"President George W. Bush's 2003 State of the Union address to support waging a preventive war against Iraq. See Iraq 2007 investigations for the aftermath of this claims and disclosures about them. Kenneth Pollack, a former National Security Council expert on Iraq, who generally supported the use of force to remove Saddam Hussein, told Seymour Hersh that what the Bush administration did was \"... dismantle the existing filtering process that for fifty years had been preventing the policymakers from getting bad information. They created stovepipes to get the information they wanted directly to the top leadership... They always had information","psg_id":"11899115"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq.\" Amnesty International issued a statement that it \"opposed the death penalty in all circumstances but it was especially egregious when this ultimate punishment is imposed after an unfair trial.\" Two days before the execution, the International Federation of Human Rights released a statement calling upon the Head of State to issue a moratorium on the death sentence pronounced against Saddam Hussein by hanging. The organization also said Saddam should be treated as a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions. Juan Cole said that the","psg_id":"9407843"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"Hussein, translated from Arabic to English by the FBI. Some of these quotes were highlighted in secondary source accounts of the reports, including these (grouped by subject in rough chronological order): A number of press reports describe the Iraqi dictator admitting to a catastrophic miscalculation, having misled the United States into believing Iraq still possessed biological and chemical weapons. According to the \"Associated Press\": \"Saddam Hussein told an FBI interviewer before he was hanged that he allowed the world to believe he had weapons of mass destruction because he was worried about appearing weak to Iran\". This interpretation has been","psg_id":"13540310"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"19 October Trial Saddam appeared defiant. He rejected the tribunal's legitimacy and independence from the control of the foreign occupation. \"I do not respond to this so-called court, with all due respect to its people, and I retain my constitutional right as the president of Iraq\", Saddam declared. He added, \"Neither do I recognize the body that has designated and authorized you, nor the aggression because all that has been built on false basis is false.\" When the judge asked for his name, Saddam refused, stating \"I am the president of the Iraq\". He returned the question, asking Kurdish judge","psg_id":"6269278"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"al-Neda, denies this claim. Mowaffak al-Rubaie, Iraq's security advisor, stated, \"I oversaw the whole process from A-Z and Saddam Hussein's body was not stabbed or mutilated, and he was not humiliated before execution.\" Saddam's body was buried in his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, near family members, including his two sons Uday and Qusay Hussein, on 31 December 2006 at 04:00 local time (01:00 GMT). His body was transported to Tikrit by a U.S. military helicopter. Saddam was handed over from Iraqi Government possession to Sheikh Ali al-Nida, the late head of the Albu Nasir tribe and governor of","psg_id":"9407838"},{"title":"Iraq War in Anbar Province","text":"Hussein, Saddam's family considered interring him in Ramadi because of the improved security situation. On 30 December, an unknown number of loyalists near Ramadi staged a march carrying pictures of Saddam Hussein and waving Iraqi flags. In his State of the Union Address on 23 January 2007, President Bush announced plans to deploy more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq in what became known as the Surge. Four thousand were specifically earmarked for Anbar, which Bush acknowledged had become both an AQI haven and a center of resistance against AQI. Instead of deploying new units, the Marine Corps","psg_id":"12474263"},{"title":"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"Afghanistan to meet with bin Laden. Three intelligence agencies tell ABC News they cannot be certain what was discussed, but almost certainly, they say, bin Laden has been told he would be welcome in Baghdad. This story is repeated by CNN on 13 February. The article reports that \"Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has offered asylum to bin Laden, who openly supports Iraq against the Western powers.\" Indeed, intelligence agencies tracked contacts between Iraqi agents and Al Qaeda agents in the '90s in Sudan and Afghanistan, where bin Laden is believed to have met with Farouk Hijazi, head of Iraqi intelligence.","psg_id":"8048185"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"regions of Iraq led by the government of Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an, which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Ba'athist administration for a series of attacks against the \"peshmerga\" rebels and the mostly Kurdish civilian population of rural Northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 culminating in 1988. This campaign also targeted Shabaks and Yazidis, Assyrians, Turkoman people and Mandeans and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed. Human Rights Watch estimates that between 50,000 and 100,000 people","psg_id":"403270"},{"title":"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"President Clinton ordered a four-day bombing campaign of Iraq, known as Operation Desert Fox, the Arabic language daily newspaper \"Al-Quds Al-Arabi\" speculated in an editorial that President Saddam Hussein, whose country was subjected to a four-day air strike, will look for support in taking revenge on the United States and Britain by cooperating with Saudi oppositionist Osama bin Laden, whom the United States considers to be the most wanted person in the world. Saddam Hussayn and Usama bin Ladin have sealed a pact. Faruk Hidjazi, the former Director of the Iraqi Secret Services and now the country's Ambassador to Turkey,","psg_id":"8048182"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"Salaheddin, to be buried. He was buried about three kilometers (2 mi) from his two sons in the same cemetery. Saddam Hussein's grave, in a family plot, was dug into the floor of an octagonal, domed building he had built in the 1980s for religious festivals. Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad Hussein, under asylum in Jordan, had asked that \"his body be buried in Yemen temporarily until Iraq is liberated and it can be reburied in Iraq\", a family spokesperson said by telephone. The family also said his body might be buried in Ramadi, citing safety concerns, though there are no","psg_id":"9407839"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"indicated that there was only one meeting between representatives of Saddam Hussein and representatives of al-Qaeda. These findings also identified two occasions \"not reported prior to the war, in which Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qa'ida operative. The Intelligence Community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qa'ida and Iraq.\" Conclusion 3: \"Prewar Intelligence Community assessments were inconsistent regarding the likelihood that Saddam Hussein provided chemical and biological weapons (CBW) training to al-Qa'ida. Postwar findings support the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) February 2002 assessment that Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi was likely intentionally misleading his debriefers when he","psg_id":"4952417"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"years\", said Iraqi Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani. \"The execution of Saddam Hussein is a big crime. Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war and was arrested by the U.S. forces, and not by the Iraqi government. It is a crime with which they wanted to cover up many things\", a Sunni politician, Khalaf al-Ulayyan said. \"I don't think it will make much difference because the situation has deteriorated to such an extent that very drastic measures have to be taken to confront the militias and restore law and order\", said Adnan Pachachi. \"Of course, he has some supporters in Iraq—some","psg_id":"19615380"},{"title":"2003 invasion of Iraq","text":"September 2003, \"The Boston Globe\" reported that \"Vice President Dick Cheney, anxious to defend the White House foreign policy amid ongoing violence in Iraq, stunned intelligence analysts and even members of his own administration this week by failing to dismiss a widely discredited claim: that Saddam Hussein might have played a role in the 11 Sept. attacks.\" A year later, presidential candidate John Kerry alleged that Cheney was continuing \"to intentionally mislead the American public by drawing a link between Saddam Hussein and 9/11 in an attempt to make the invasion of Iraq part of the global war on terror.\"","psg_id":"1635269"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"a 34-year-old candy store owner in Baghdad and a Shi'a who lost his uncle due to Saddam, commented, \"He's gone, but our problems continue. We brought problems on ourselves after Saddam because we began fighting Shi'a on Sunni and Sunni on Shi'a.\" Other Iraqis expressed outrage and viewed Saddam as a martyr. \"The president, the leader Saddam Hussein is a martyr and God will put him along with other martyrs. Do not be sad nor complain because he has died the death of a holy warrior\", said Sheik Yahya al-Attawi, a cleric at a mosque. Protests occurred in Samarra, where","psg_id":"19615385"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Saddam Hussein might be wrong, but it is not America who should correct him.\" A shift was, therefore, clearly visible among many Islamic movements in the post war period \"from an initial Islamic ideological rejection of Saddam Hussein, the secular persecutor of Islamic movements, and his invasion of Kuwait to a more populist Arab nationalist, anti-imperialist support for Saddam (or more precisely those issues he represented or championed) and the condemnation of foreign intervention and occupation.\" Saddam, therefore, increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society. Some elements of Sharia","psg_id":"403288"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"early on in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks. President Bush allegedly made the case to Tony Blair as early as September 14, 2001, although Blair urged him not to pursue the claim. In addition, Bush received on September 21, 2001, a classified President's Daily Brief (PDB), indicating the U.S. intelligence community had no evidence linking Saddam Hussein to the September 11th attacks and that \"there was scant credible evidence that Iraq had any significant collaborative ties with Al Qaeda.\" Vice President Dick Cheney had told \"Meet the Press\" on December 9, 2001, that Iraq was harboring Abdul Rahman","psg_id":"4952334"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"in question during the weeks following the fall of Baghdad and the conclusion of the major fighting of the war. Various sightings of Saddam were reported in the weeks following the war, but none was authenticated. At various times Saddam released audio tapes promoting popular resistance to his ousting. Saddam was placed at the top of the \"U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis\". In July 2003, his sons Uday and Qusay and 14-year-old grandson Mustapha were killed in a three-hour gunfight with U.S. forces. On 13 December 2003, in Operation Red Dawn, Saddam Hussein was captured by American forces after being","psg_id":"403299"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein's novels","text":"Saddam Hussein's novels Saddam Hussein, the late President of Iraq, wrote four novels and a number of poems. The first two books (\"Zabibah and the King\" and \"The Fortified Castle\") were \"Written by He Who Wrote It\", a traditional way in Arabic writing to preserve anonymity. Zabibah and the King ( ') also transliterated Zabiba and the King\"', written in 2000, is a novel that the CIA believes was written by Saddam Hussein, probably with the help of some ghostwriters. The plot is a love story about a powerful ruler of medieval Iraq and a beautiful commoner girl named Zabibah.","psg_id":"7845141"},{"title":"Raghad Hussein","text":"Raghad Hussein Raghad Hussein (born 2 September 1968) is a daughter of Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq. In 1983, Raghad was married to Hussein Kamel al-Majid, a high-profile Iraqi defector who shared weapons secrets with UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6. Kamel was killed, along with his brother, by fellow-clan members, who declared them traitors. Saddam had allegedly made it clear that although he had pardoned both Kamel and his brother, they would lose all status, and would not receive any protection. Raghad's sister, Rana Hussein, was married to Hussein Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, who suffered the same fate.","psg_id":"3481468"},{"title":"House of Saddam","text":"Miniseries or Movie and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Shohreh Aghdashloo), winning the latter. House of Saddam House of Saddam is a 2008 drama that charted the rise and fall of Saddam Hussein. A co-production between BBC Television and HBO Films, the series was first broadcast on BBC Two (in the United Kingdom) in four parts between 30 July and 20 August 2008. A pre-title sequence is set in March 2003, showing Saddam watching the broadcast of President George W. Bush's ultimatum to leave Ba'athist Iraq within forty-eight hours. As the bombing of Baghdad commences, Saddam and","psg_id":"12246121"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"those who put pressure on every country, including Turkey, for years to abolish the death sentence.\" Hamas called the execution of Saddam a \"political assassination.\" Saudi Arabia expressed \"surprise and dismay\" and regretted the \"politicisation\" of the trial. A Reuters reporter based in Afghanistan cited a top Taliban commander saying the death of Saddam Hussein \"will boost the morale of Muslims. The jihad in Iraq will be intensified and attacks on invader forces will increase.\" Fauzan Al Anshori, from the Islamic group of Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia, said Bush, too, should stand trial. \"Given the crimes blamed on Saddam, it is","psg_id":"19615395"},{"title":"Hussein of Jordan","text":"that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very closeHussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990, and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. In June 1982, after Iran's victory seemed imminent, Hussein personally carried to Saddam sensitive photographic intelligence forwarded to him by the US. In return, Saddam provided incentives for Jordanian exports to Iraq, which accounted for a quarter of all Jordan's exports, valued at $212.3million in 1989.","psg_id":"857220"},{"title":"Hussein of Jordan","text":"Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. Hussein made a little-known attempt to heal the rift between the two Ba'ath regimes of Iraq and Syria in April 1986. The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. Saddam was angry at Al-Assad for supporting Iran against an Arab country, Iraq, and Al-Assad was adamant about establishing a union between Iraq and Syria, which Saddam rejected. On 11 April","psg_id":"857221"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"the Arab world. John Esposito, however, claims that \"Arabs and Muslims were pulled in two directions. That they rallied not so much to Saddam Hussein as to the bipolar nature of the confrontation (the West versus the Arab Muslim world) and the issues that Saddam proclaimed: Arab unity, self-sufficiency, and social justice.\" As a result, Saddam Hussein appealed to many people for the same reasons that attracted more and more followers to Islamic revivalism and also for the same reasons that fueled anti-Western feelings. As one U.S. Muslim observer noted: \"People forgot about Saddam's record and concentrated on America ...","psg_id":"403287"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish peshmerga rebel forces. The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq, but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack which some including the U.S. supported until several years later. The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties with estimates of up to one million dead. Neither side had achieved what they had originally desired and at the borders were left","psg_id":"403267"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Union was adopted by the Commission for Human Rights, which stated that there had been no improvement in the human rights crisis in Iraq. The statement condemned President Saddam Hussein's government for its \"systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law\". The resolution demanded that Iraq immediately put an end to its \"summary and arbitrary executions ... the use of rape as a political tool and all enforced and involuntary disappearances\". Many members of the international community, especially the U.S., continued to view Saddam as a bellicose tyrant who was a threat to the stability","psg_id":"403294"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him. The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution, showing him being led to the gallows, and ending after his head was in the hangman's noose. International public controversy arose when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by","psg_id":"9407829"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"al-Arab waterway, which divides the two countries. During this period, Saddam Hussein publicly maintained that it was in Iraq's interest not to engage with Iran, and that it was in the interests of both nations to maintain peaceful relations. However, in a private meeting with Salah Omar al-Ali, Iraq's permanent ambassador to the United Nations, he revealed that he intended to invade and occupy a large part of Iran within months. Later (probably to appeal for support from the United States and most Western nations), he would make toppling the Islamic government one of his intentions as well. Iraq invaded","psg_id":"403259"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"News reporter Dan Rather. Talking for more than three hours, he denied possessing any weapons of mass destruction, or any other weapons prohibited by UN guidelines. He also expressed a wish to have a live televised debate with George W. Bush, which was declined. It was his first interview with a U.S. reporter in over a decade. CBS aired the taped interview later that week. Saddam Hussein later told an FBI interviewer that he once left open the possibility that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction in order to appear strong against Iran. The Iraqi government and military collapsed within","psg_id":"403297"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"before his execution; he was concerned to ensure his legacy and how the history would be told. The tour was conducted by U.S. Marine Maj. Gen. Doug Stone, overseer of detention operations for the U.S. military in Iraq at the time. On 30 June 2004, Saddam Hussein, held in custody by U.S. forces at the U.S. base \"Camp Cropper\", along with 11 other senior Ba'athist leaders, were handed over legally (though not physically) to the interim Iraqi government to stand trial for crimes against humanity and other offences. A few weeks later, he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal","psg_id":"403303"},{"title":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview","text":"President Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney or Secretary of State Colin Powell for the interview, but the White House only offered other officials for the interview, such as Ari Fleischer and Dan Bartlett. The CBS network deemed these individuals inappropriate for the broadcast, and an American interview was never done. Memorable lines: Saddam invited President Bush to a live TV debate, to which Bush declined. On one occasion Saddam interrupted his translator and corrected his use of the term \"Bush\", instead of \"Mr. Bush\", which Saddam explained was out of respect. Saddam Hussein floated an idea of holding a live","psg_id":"6540753"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"long term.\" Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003. He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad, along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials. Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran–Iraq War, against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts, and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown, and was still the president of","psg_id":"6269267"},{"title":"1991 uprisings in Iraq","text":"1991 uprisings in Iraq The 1991 uprisings in Iraq were a series of popular rebellions in northern and southern Iraq in March and April 1991 in a cease fire of the Persian Gulf War. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency, often referred to as the Sha'aban Intifada among Arabs and as the National Uprising among Kurds, was fueled by the perception that then Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was responsible for systemic social repression and had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of two prior wars: the Iran–Iraq War and the invasion of","psg_id":"8677344"},{"title":"Hussein Mjalli","text":"Hussein Mjalli Hussein Mjalli (1937 – 12 October 2014) was a Jordanian politician and lawyer. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1989 until 1993. He served as President of the Jordanian Bar Association for several terms. After the capture of Saddam Hussein in Iraq he joined his defence team, while still President of the Jordanian Bar Association. In 2011 he joined the government of Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit as Justice Minister. He resigned the same year. Mjalli was made Chairman of the Jordanian Bar Association in 1970 and remained in office until 1975. He was President","psg_id":"18359161"},{"title":"Hussein Mjalli","text":"which strengthened the governments suppression of the freedom of the press. Mjalli was involved in the legal defence of Saddam Hussein in 2004. He had been appointed to a 20-member team by Hussein's wife Sajida Talfah. They argued that \"given the invasion of Iraq [had] no legal basis, US-led occupation forces [had] no right to change or cancel the Iraqi constitution\". Mjalli added that \"Iraq, [the] Iraqi people, Iraqi law, and the Iraqi president were hijacked\", concluding that \"the occupation of Iraq was illegal so ipso facto everything that follows is illegal.\" Mjalli considered Saddam Hussein to still be the","psg_id":"18359164"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"be 250,000. Saddam's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. He acquired the title \"Butcher of Baghdad\". In 2003, a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam, in which United States President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair falsely accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda. Saddam's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held. Following his capture on 13 December 2003, the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by","psg_id":"403218"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"a population of 2 million next to Iraq's 25) were roughly equal to those of Iraq. Taken together, Iraq and Kuwait sat on top of some 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves; as an article of comparison, Saudi Arabia holds 25 percent. Saddam complained to the U.S. State Department that Kuwait had slant drilled oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq–Kuwait border. As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam","psg_id":"403273"},{"title":"Rana Hussein","text":"Hussein Kamel al-Majid. Despite this promise, before the end of the month, both Kamels were shot and killed by other clan members who declared them traitors. In 1997, her brother Uday Hussein put Rana and her sister Raghad under house arrest for being involved in a plot to assassinate him. On July 31, 2003, she went back to Jordan, where the king, Abdullah, granted her family asylum. Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is","psg_id":"3369523"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"of the non-Ba'athist faction led by Prime Minister Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, whose support had been essential to the coup's success. According to a semi-official biography, Saddam personally led Naif at gunpoint to the plane that escorted him out of Iraq. Arif was given refuge in London and then Istanbul. Al-Bakr was named president and Saddam was named his deputy, and deputy chairman of the Ba'athist Revolutionary Command Council. According to biographers, Saddam never forgot the tensions within the first Ba'athist government, which formed the basis for his measures to promote Ba'ath party unity as well as his resolve to maintain","psg_id":"403232"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"to al-Qa'ida.\" (For more information, see Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda timeline for 1995 and December 2005). Several official investigations by U.S. intelligence agencies, foreign intelligence agencies, and independent investigative bodies have looked into various aspects of the alleged links between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. Every single investigation has resulted in the conclusion that the data examined did not provide compelling evidence of a cooperative relationship between the two entities. After the attack on the World Trade Center in 1993, there were several investigations of possible collaboration between Saddam Hussein and the terrorists who attacked the building. Neil Herman, who headed","psg_id":"4952379"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"from Iraq. Daniel Byman's study of state sponsorship of terrorism similarly did not list Iraq as a significant state sponsor, and called the al-Qaeda connection \"a rationale that before the war was strained and after it seems an ever-weaker reed.\" The conclusion of counterterrorism experts Rohan Gunaratna, Bruce Hoffman, and Daniel Benjamin, as well as journalists Peter Bergen and Jason Burke (who have both written extensively on al-Qaeda), has been that there is no evidence that suggests any collaborative relationship between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. That was similar to the conclusion of specific investigations by the National Security Council, the","psg_id":"4952354"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"Rizgar Mohammed Amin, \"Who are you? I want to know who you are.\" When Amin addressed Saddam as \"the former president\", Saddam objected emphatically, saying he was still the President of the Republic of Iraq and had not been deposed. The first session of Saddam's trial lasted three hours. The court adjourned the case until 28 November 2005, as some of the witnesses were too frightened to attend, and to allow the defense more time to study evidence. During an interview with the Arab news agency al-Arabiya following the opening of the trial, Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad branded the court","psg_id":"6269279"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the trial as a show trial that did not meet international standards on the right to a fair trial. Amnesty International stated that the trial was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269265\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"up a tribunal to try him and absolve themselves completely?\\\" Journalist Mohamad Bazzi wrote in 2014 that Hussein's trial and execution deepened sectarianism in Iraq: Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"challenged by journalist Solomon Hughes, writing: \\\"You might remember that we invaded Iraq because Saddam did have WMD, but was pretending he didn't. Now it turns out we invaded Iraq because Saddam did not have WMD, but pretended he did.\\\" How did Saddam let the world believe Iraq had WMD by denying he had WMD? How does this story work? It doesn't, because the [Associated Press] report is false. FBI agent Pinto's actual record of a casual conversation with Saddam reads: \\\"Even though Hussein claimed Iraq did not have WMD, the threat from Iran was a major factor as to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka\",\n \"text\": \"mosque. After the capture of Saddam by United States military forces, the villagers of Saddam Hussein Village were critical of the U.S. policy in Iraq. Among the comments recorded by the BBC were: 127 Muslims were murdered at three villages, including Saddam Hussein Village, about 10 August 1990, allegedly by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3880431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"2 August 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait, initially claiming assistance to \\\"Kuwaiti revolutionaries,\\\" thus sparking an international crisis. On 4 August an Iraqi-backed \\\"Provisional Government of Free Kuwait\\\" was proclaimed, but a total lack of legitimacy and support for it led to an 8 August announcement of a \\\"merger\\\" of the two countries. On 28 August Kuwait formally became the 19th Governorate of Iraq. Just two years after the 1988 Iraq and Iran truce, \\\"Saddam Hussein did what his Gulf patrons had earlier paid him to prevent.\\\" Having removed the threat of Iranian fundamentalism he \\\"overran Kuwait and confronted his Gulf\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"age of 20, Saddam Hussein joined the nascent Ba'ath Party, which was founded on a socialist form of Pan-Arabism. After participating in an unsuccessful 1959 assassination attempt on then Prime Minister of Iraq Abd al-Karim Qasim, Saddam became a fugitive, and eventually fled to Syria and then Egypt. Following the Ba'athists overthrow of the prime minister in the February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, and the counter-coup half a year later, Saddam was jailed in Iraq from 1964 to 1966. The Ba'ath party returned to power after another successful coup in 1968. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, a relative of Saddam Hussein,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to build the village and its central Mosque. Saddam Hussein first became involved in the village after floods hit the area in 1978 and local authorities approached the Iraqi embassy for help. The former president was said to have readily obliged and sponsored construction of the entire village with some 100 houses, including a school and a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3880430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"why he did not allow the return of the UN inspectors. Hussein stated he was more concerned about Iran discovering Iraq's weaknesses and vulnerabilities than the repercussions of the United States for his refusal to allow UN inspectors back into Iraq.\\\" So in 1998 Saddam resisted the UN weapons inspectors because he did not want to look weak in front of Iran, with whom he had fought a vicious eight-year war. This is not the same as pretending to have WMD. Saddam did not want to look like he could be pushed around by the UN lest his neighbours scent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"weakness, but his government repeatedly—and accurately—denied having WMD. The chronology of the reported meetings between Piro and Saddam in 2004: Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by the National Security Archive. Saddam, identified as \\\"High Value Detainee #1\\\" in the documents, was the subject of 20 \\\"formal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview\",\n \"text\": \"uncensored unprepared debate televised worldwide where both American and Iraqi Presidents sitting in their respective countries would discuss their nation's problems. He also said Dan Rather could moderate the debate. This never happened. February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6540754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview\",\n \"text\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month. Rather and \\\"CBS Evening News\\\" executive producer Jim Murphy were driven around Baghdad for 45 minutes and switched cars on two separate occasions to keep Saddam's position secret. The interview was held at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6540751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"31 December 2006. He was buried 3 km (2 mi) from his sons Uday and Qusay Hussein. His tomb was reported to have been destroyed in March 2015. Before it was destroyed, a Sunni tribal group reportedly removed his body to a secret location, fearful of what might happen. In August 1995, Raghad and her husband Hussein Kamel al-Majid and Rana and her husband, Saddam Kamel al-Majid, defected to Jordan, taking their children with them. They returned to Iraq when they received assurances that Saddam would pardon them. Within three days of their return in February 1996, both of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403308\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation . The consensus of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952329\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"host Jim Lehrer, that Saddam's execution \\\"looked like it was kind of a revenge killing.\\\" Bush said he was \\\"disappointed and felt like they fumbled the—particularly the Saddam Hussein—execution. It reinforced doubts in people's minds that the Maliki government and the unity government of Iraq is a serious government. ... And it sent a mixed signal to the American people and the people around the world.\\\" Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"it was \\\"all okay\\\".'\\\" Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"On the other two occasions, the Committee concluded, Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qaeda operative. The intelligence community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qaeda and Iraq. On the more specific question of whether Saddam Hussein was behind the attacks of September 11, 2001, the consensus view is that there is no credible evidence of his government's involvement. On March 20, 2006, President Bush made clear that his administration did not have any evidence to prove Saddam played a role in those attacks. The Bush Administration sought to link the Iraqi dictator to Islamist radicals\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein Kamel al-Majid\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq in 1990. He married one of Saddam Hussein's daughters, Raghad Saddam, and lived in Iraq until 1995. On 7 August of that year, Kamel and his wife defected from Iraq, along with Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, and the brother's wife, Rana Saddam, another of Saddam Hussein's daughters. In a 21 September 1995 interview with CNN, Hussein Kamel explained: This is what made me leave the country, the fact that Saddam Hussein surrounds himself with inefficient ministers and advisers who are not chosen for their competence but according to the whims of the Iraqi president. And as a result of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2611762\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"us and flatter us. We have now grasped the reality of the situation. If the trickery continues, we will be forced to unmask them, all of them, before the French public.\\\" France armed Saddam and it was Iraq's largest trade partner throughout Saddam's rule. Seized documents show how French officials and businessmen close to Chirac, including Charles Pasqua, his former interior minister, personally benefitted from the deals with Saddam. Because Saddam Hussein rarely left Iraq, Tariq Aziz, one of Saddam's aides, traveled abroad extensively and represented Iraq at many diplomatic meetings. In foreign affairs, Saddam sought to have Iraq play\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq. The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005. At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party (see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein). A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006, trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"found hiding in a hole in the ground near a farmhouse in ad-Dawr, near Tikrit. Following his capture, Saddam was transported to a U.S. base near Tikrit, and later taken to the American base near Baghdad. Documents obtained and released by the National Security Archive detail FBI interviews and conversations with Hussein while he was in U.S. custody. On 14 December, U.S. administrator in Iraq Paul Bremer confirmed that Saddam Hussein had indeed been captured at a farmhouse in ad-Dawr near Tikrit. Bremer presented video footage of Saddam in custody. Saddam was shown with a full beard and hair longer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"board such as that lad, Mansour.\\\" He was later sacked by Al-Jazeera. In 2002, Austrian prosecutors investigated Saddam government's transactions with Fritz Edlinger that possibly violated Austrian money laundering and embargo regulations. Fritz Edlinger, president of the \\\"General Secretary of the Society for Austro-Arab relations\\\" (GÖAB) and a former member of Socialist International's Middle East Committee, was an outspoken supporter of Saddam Hussein. In 2005, an Austrian journalist revealed that Fritz Edlinger's GÖAB had received $100,000 from an Iraqi front company as well as donations from Austrian companies soliciting business in Iraq. In 2002, a resolution sponsored by the European\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"lesson and, like Iran, should only trust the will of their people and not corrupt powers.\\\" Mahathir bin Mohamad, Former Prime Minister of Malaysia said \\\"On the Holy day of Eid, the world watched in horror at the barbaric lynching of President Saddam Hussein of Iraq, allegedly for crimes against humanity. This public murder was sanctioned by the War Criminals, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair.\\\" Terry Davis, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, an international organization of which almost all European states are members, made an official statement condemning the execution: \\\"The trial of Saddam Hussein was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615392\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"On 26 December, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date. The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out. Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging on 30 December 2006. With his death, all other charges were dropped. The 67-year-old, President Saddam Hussein appeared confident and defiant throughout the 46-minute hearing. Alternating between listening to and gesturing at the judge Rizgar Mohammed Amin, he questioned the legitimacy of the tribunal set up to try him. He called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rana Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is Raghad and younger sister is Hala Hussein. In 1986, she married Saddam Kamel al-Majid, brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid, her elder sister Raghad's husband, she has four children. She accompanied her husband to Jordan in 1995, where she lived from August 8 of that year to February 20, 1996. They returned to Iraq after receiving assurances from Saddam Hussein that he would pardon Kamel and his brother,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3369522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Kuwaitis but Iraq \\\"would not accept death\\\". U.S. officials attempted to maintain a conciliatory line with Iraq, indicating that while George H. W. Bush and James Baker did not want force used, they would not take any position on the Iraq–Kuwait boundary dispute and did not want to become involved. Later, Iraq and Kuwait met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait. As tensions between Washington and Saddam began to escalate, the Soviet Union, under Mikhail Gorbachev, strengthened its military relationship with the Iraqi leader, providing him military advisers, arms and aid. On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Iran, first attacking Mehrabad Airport of Tehran and then entering the oil-rich Iranian land of Khuzestan, which also has a sizable Arab minority, on 22 September 1980 and declared it a new province of Iraq. With the support of the Arab states, the United States, and Europe, and heavily financed by the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein had become \\\"the defender of the Arab world\\\" against a revolutionary Iran. The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403260\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror.\\\" After the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, which demanded that Iraq give \\\"immediate, unconditional and active cooperation\\\" with UN and IAEA inspections, Saddam allowed U.N. weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix to return to Iraq. During the renewed inspections beginning in November 2002, Blix found no stockpiles of WMD and noted the \\\"proactive\\\" but not always \\\"immediate\\\" Iraqi cooperation as called for by UN Security Council Resolution 1441. With war still looming on 24 February 2003, Saddam Hussein took part in an interview with CBS\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403296\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"I knew they wanted to administer the sentence before the end of the year, but why on the Muslim holiday? People are executed all over the world, but what happened in Baghdad on the first day of Eid al-Adha was unthinkable. I didn't believe it was happening\\\", he said. \\\"In the end, no one will ever forget the circumstances and the way in which Saddam was executed. They turned him into a martyr, and the problems in Iraq remained.\\\" Muammar Gaddafi, Leader of Libya said that \\\"Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war held by the US occupation forces, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615390\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq which deemed their abolition unconstitutional. The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President. Vice President of Iraq Iraq has three vice presidents or deputy presidents, although a debate is ongoing about a political reform to abolish their posts. The office of Vice-President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its \\\"Transitional Guidelines,\\\" creates a three-member Presidency (or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7857184\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Refugees of Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"safe area. On February 15, 1991, President George H.W Bush called upon the Iraqi people to overthrow Saddam Hussein, which did not occur until 2003 under the administration of his son, President George W. Bush, and incited the recent Iraq War. Refugees from Iraq have increased in number since the US-led invasion into Iraq in March 2003. After Saddam Hussein fell in 2003, over 30,000 refugees returned home within two years. But by 2006, they were fleeing again due to sectarian violence that culminated with the al-Askari mosque bombing in February 2006. The US occupation and ethnic conflict among Iraqis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9394083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"been discussed by two witnesses, Iraqi Judge Munir Haddad and Iraqi national security adviser Mowaffak al-Rubaie. The accounts of the two witnesses are contradictory as Haddad describes Saddam as being strong in his final moments whereas al-Rubaie says Saddam was clearly afraid. Not long before the execution, Saddam's lawyers released his last letter. A second unofficial video, apparently showing Saddam's body on a trolley, emerged several days later. It sparked speculation that the execution was carried out incorrectly as Saddam Hussein had a gaping hole in his neck. Saddam was buried at his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights organizations have documented government-approved executions, acts of torture and rape for decades since Saddam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1639248\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"My Year in Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"refused to defend Saddam Hussein's regime. A number of important issues are raised in the book including the capture of Saddam Hussein, the First Battle of Fallujah, and the crisis of Muqtada al-Sadr. My Year in Iraq My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope is a memoir by ambassador Paul Bremer, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Published in the United States on 9 January 2006 it covers the period between May 2003 to July 2004. Bremer takes the readers through his struggle with Iraq's leaders to build democratic institutions. He also describes negotiations with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18758609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"know I didn't say that there was a direct connection between September the 11th and Saddam Hussein.\\\" Bush reaffirmed the White House position in even stronger terms in a press conference on 21 August 2006. Ken Herman of Cox News asked, \\\"What did Iraq have to do with ... the attack on the World Trade Center?\\\" Bush replied, \\\"Nothing.\\\" Bush elaborated on his answer and added, \\\"Nobody has ever suggested that the attacks of September the 11th were ordered by Iraq.\\\" Opponents of his Iraq policy charged that his statement was inconsistent with his letter to Congress of March 21,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Kamel\",\n \"text\": \"1995, he defected from Iraq with his brother and their wives. His brother gave information to UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6 about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. In 1996, they returned to Iraq believing they had been pardoned for their actions; however, the brothers were executed in a prolonged gun battle shortly after they returned. Saddam Kamel Saddam Kamel Hassan al-Majid (1956-1996) was the second cousin and son-in-law of deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. He was married to Rana Hussein and was the brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid (who was also married to a daughter of Saddam, Raghad Hussein). He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3479565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"became president. Arif dismissed and arrested the Ba'athist leaders later that year in the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état. Being exiled in Egypt at the time, Saddam played no role in the 1963 coup or the brutal anti-communist purge that followed; although he returned to Iraq after the coup, Saddam remained \\\"on the fringes of the newly installed Ba'thi administration and [had] to content himself with the minor position of a member of the Party's central bureau for peasants,\\\" in the words of Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi Unlike during the Qasim years, Saddam remained in Iraq following Arif's anti-Ba'athist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"to suffer losses from human wave attacks by Iran. By 1982, Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war. At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Dr. Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations. Initially, Saddam Hussein appeared to take in this opinion as part of his cabinet democracy. A few weeks later, Dr. Ibrahim was sacked when held responsible for a fatal incident in an Iraqi hospital where a patient died from intravenous administration of the wrong concentration of potassium supplement. Dr. Ibrahim was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \\\"bitter history\\\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \\\"responsible for most of the atrocities committed against the Assyrians in particular, due to proximity and a long tradition\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3142379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"the goals of various Iraqi regimes, causing violence to break out when political negotiations broke down: Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \\\"bitter history\\\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \\\"responsible for most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3142397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"November 1963 in a military coup led by a small group of officers. For the next five years power shifted among the officers until 1968, when another coup brought the Baath back to power. When the Baathists came back to power, two men, Saddam Hussein and Bakr, increasingly dominated the party. Although Bakr was the older and more prestigious of the two, by 1969 Saddam \\\"clearly had become the moving force behind the party.\\\" Human rights violations in Iraq often came from conflicts between the country's rulers and members of distinct ethnic communities, especially the Kurds and Shiite Arabs, although\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3142395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"in trial proceedings by the removal of a judge mid-trial, exclusion of members of the defense team at points in the trial, assassination of multiple members of the defence team, and the closure of the trial before the defence team had completed presenting its legal case. In the opening statement of the Jury of Conscience of the World Tribunal on Iraq, keynote speaker Arundhati Roy retorted, \\\"Saddam Hussein is being tried as a war criminal even as we speak. But what about those who helped to install him in power, who armed him, who supported him—and who are now setting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"House of Saddam\",\n \"text\": \"is overthrown. During a holiday celebrating Iraq's \\\"victory\\\" over Iran, the Kamel brothers cross the border to Jordan with their wives, Raghad and Rana Hussein. The women, Saddam's daughters, warn their husbands of the potential consequences should Saddam discover their absences. Meanwhile, at a holiday party, Uday rapes a waitress. Qusay realises that his sisters are missing and notifies Saddam. In Jordan, King Hussein grants the self-exiled group asylum just as Saddam declares them traitors in Iraq. Hussein Kamel plans to oust Saddam with Western support, and to reveal state secrets once installed as president. His plans are undermined when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12246112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"was largely the product of the pervasive secret police and systematic use of torture. Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1639255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"and Poland expressed approval of the execution. A spokesman for Poland's president said, \\\"justice has been meted out to a criminal who murdered thousands of people in Iraq.\\\" In the United States, President George W. Bush made a statement, \\\"Bringing Saddam Hussein to justice will not end the violence in Iraq, but it is an important milestone on Iraq's course to becoming a democracy that can govern, sustain, and defend itself.\\\" Celebration in the United States occurred in at least one location in Dearborn, Michigan, at the corner of Warren and Greenfield, a heavily Shi'a Iraqi-American community. In Iran, members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein were varied. Some strongly supported the execution, particularly those personally affected by Saddam's actions as leader. Some of these victims wished to see him brought to trial for his other actions, alleged to have resulted in a much greater number of deaths than those for which he was convicted. Some believed the execution would boost morale in Iraq, while others feared it would incite further violence. Many in the international community supported Saddam being brought to justice but objected in particular to the use of capital\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"a few FBI agents who spoke Arabic fluently. Saddam was led to believe that his interrogator was a high-ranking U.S. government official with direct access to U.S. President George W. Bush, when in reality he was in a relatively low-level position at the time. Piro discussed the interrogation process during an interview on the television news magazine \\\"60 Minutes\\\" in January 2008. In an official statement, a senior FBI official in Piro’s chain of command characterized the perceived success of their interrogation of Saddam Hussein as one of the agency's top accomplishments in its 100-year history. In 1957, at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"CIA activities in Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"President George W. Bush's 2003 State of the Union address to support waging a preventive war against Iraq. See Iraq 2007 investigations for the aftermath of this claims and disclosures about them. Kenneth Pollack, a former National Security Council expert on Iraq, who generally supported the use of force to remove Saddam Hussein, told Seymour Hersh that what the Bush administration did was \\\"... dismantle the existing filtering process that for fifty years had been preventing the policymakers from getting bad information. They created stovepipes to get the information they wanted directly to the top leadership... They always had information\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11899115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq.\\\" Amnesty International issued a statement that it \\\"opposed the death penalty in all circumstances but it was especially egregious when this ultimate punishment is imposed after an unfair trial.\\\" Two days before the execution, the International Federation of Human Rights released a statement calling upon the Head of State to issue a moratorium on the death sentence pronounced against Saddam Hussein by hanging. The organization also said Saddam should be treated as a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions. Juan Cole said that the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein, translated from Arabic to English by the FBI. Some of these quotes were highlighted in secondary source accounts of the reports, including these (grouped by subject in rough chronological order): A number of press reports describe the Iraqi dictator admitting to a catastrophic miscalculation, having misled the United States into believing Iraq still possessed biological and chemical weapons. According to the \\\"Associated Press\\\": \\\"Saddam Hussein told an FBI interviewer before he was hanged that he allowed the world to believe he had weapons of mass destruction because he was worried about appearing weak to Iran\\\". This interpretation has been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"19 October Trial Saddam appeared defiant. He rejected the tribunal's legitimacy and independence from the control of the foreign occupation. \\\"I do not respond to this so-called court, with all due respect to its people, and I retain my constitutional right as the president of Iraq\\\", Saddam declared. He added, \\\"Neither do I recognize the body that has designated and authorized you, nor the aggression because all that has been built on false basis is false.\\\" When the judge asked for his name, Saddam refused, stating \\\"I am the president of the Iraq\\\". He returned the question, asking Kurdish judge\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269278\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"al-Neda, denies this claim. Mowaffak al-Rubaie, Iraq's security advisor, stated, \\\"I oversaw the whole process from A-Z and Saddam Hussein's body was not stabbed or mutilated, and he was not humiliated before execution.\\\" Saddam's body was buried in his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, near family members, including his two sons Uday and Qusay Hussein, on 31 December 2006 at 04:00 local time (01:00 GMT). His body was transported to Tikrit by a U.S. military helicopter. Saddam was handed over from Iraqi Government possession to Sheikh Ali al-Nida, the late head of the Albu Nasir tribe and governor of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iraq War in Anbar Province\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein, Saddam's family considered interring him in Ramadi because of the improved security situation. On 30 December, an unknown number of loyalists near Ramadi staged a march carrying pictures of Saddam Hussein and waving Iraqi flags. In his State of the Union Address on 23 January 2007, President Bush announced plans to deploy more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq in what became known as the Surge. Four thousand were specifically earmarked for Anbar, which Bush acknowledged had become both an AQI haven and a center of resistance against AQI. Instead of deploying new units, the Marine Corps\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12474263\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"Afghanistan to meet with bin Laden. Three intelligence agencies tell ABC News they cannot be certain what was discussed, but almost certainly, they say, bin Laden has been told he would be welcome in Baghdad. This story is repeated by CNN on 13 February. The article reports that \\\"Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has offered asylum to bin Laden, who openly supports Iraq against the Western powers.\\\" Indeed, intelligence agencies tracked contacts between Iraqi agents and Al Qaeda agents in the '90s in Sudan and Afghanistan, where bin Laden is believed to have met with Farouk Hijazi, head of Iraqi intelligence.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8048185\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"regions of Iraq led by the government of Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an, which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Ba'athist administration for a series of attacks against the \\\"peshmerga\\\" rebels and the mostly Kurdish civilian population of rural Northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 culminating in 1988. This campaign also targeted Shabaks and Yazidis, Assyrians, Turkoman people and Mandeans and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed. Human Rights Watch estimates that between 50,000 and 100,000 people\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"President Clinton ordered a four-day bombing campaign of Iraq, known as Operation Desert Fox, the Arabic language daily newspaper \\\"Al-Quds Al-Arabi\\\" speculated in an editorial that President Saddam Hussein, whose country was subjected to a four-day air strike, will look for support in taking revenge on the United States and Britain by cooperating with Saudi oppositionist Osama bin Laden, whom the United States considers to be the most wanted person in the world. Saddam Hussayn and Usama bin Ladin have sealed a pact. Faruk Hidjazi, the former Director of the Iraqi Secret Services and now the country's Ambassador to Turkey,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8048182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Salaheddin, to be buried. He was buried about three kilometers (2 mi) from his two sons in the same cemetery. Saddam Hussein's grave, in a family plot, was dug into the floor of an octagonal, domed building he had built in the 1980s for religious festivals. Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad Hussein, under asylum in Jordan, had asked that \\\"his body be buried in Yemen temporarily until Iraq is liberated and it can be reburied in Iraq\\\", a family spokesperson said by telephone. The family also said his body might be buried in Ramadi, citing safety concerns, though there are no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"indicated that there was only one meeting between representatives of Saddam Hussein and representatives of al-Qaeda. These findings also identified two occasions \\\"not reported prior to the war, in which Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qa'ida operative. The Intelligence Community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qa'ida and Iraq.\\\" Conclusion 3: \\\"Prewar Intelligence Community assessments were inconsistent regarding the likelihood that Saddam Hussein provided chemical and biological weapons (CBW) training to al-Qa'ida. Postwar findings support the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) February 2002 assessment that Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi was likely intentionally misleading his debriefers when he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"years\\\", said Iraqi Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani. \\\"The execution of Saddam Hussein is a big crime. Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war and was arrested by the U.S. forces, and not by the Iraqi government. It is a crime with which they wanted to cover up many things\\\", a Sunni politician, Khalaf al-Ulayyan said. \\\"I don't think it will make much difference because the situation has deteriorated to such an extent that very drastic measures have to be taken to confront the militias and restore law and order\\\", said Adnan Pachachi. \\\"Of course, he has some supporters in Iraq—some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615380\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 invasion of Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"September 2003, \\\"The Boston Globe\\\" reported that \\\"Vice President Dick Cheney, anxious to defend the White House foreign policy amid ongoing violence in Iraq, stunned intelligence analysts and even members of his own administration this week by failing to dismiss a widely discredited claim: that Saddam Hussein might have played a role in the 11 Sept. attacks.\\\" A year later, presidential candidate John Kerry alleged that Cheney was continuing \\\"to intentionally mislead the American public by drawing a link between Saddam Hussein and 9/11 in an attempt to make the invasion of Iraq part of the global war on terror.\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1635269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"a 34-year-old candy store owner in Baghdad and a Shi'a who lost his uncle due to Saddam, commented, \\\"He's gone, but our problems continue. We brought problems on ourselves after Saddam because we began fighting Shi'a on Sunni and Sunni on Shi'a.\\\" Other Iraqis expressed outrage and viewed Saddam as a martyr. \\\"The president, the leader Saddam Hussein is a martyr and God will put him along with other martyrs. Do not be sad nor complain because he has died the death of a holy warrior\\\", said Sheik Yahya al-Attawi, a cleric at a mosque. Protests occurred in Samarra, where\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein might be wrong, but it is not America who should correct him.\\\" A shift was, therefore, clearly visible among many Islamic movements in the post war period \\\"from an initial Islamic ideological rejection of Saddam Hussein, the secular persecutor of Islamic movements, and his invasion of Kuwait to a more populist Arab nationalist, anti-imperialist support for Saddam (or more precisely those issues he represented or championed) and the condemnation of foreign intervention and occupation.\\\" Saddam, therefore, increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society. Some elements of Sharia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403288\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"early on in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks. President Bush allegedly made the case to Tony Blair as early as September 14, 2001, although Blair urged him not to pursue the claim. In addition, Bush received on September 21, 2001, a classified President's Daily Brief (PDB), indicating the U.S. intelligence community had no evidence linking Saddam Hussein to the September 11th attacks and that \\\"there was scant credible evidence that Iraq had any significant collaborative ties with Al Qaeda.\\\" Vice President Dick Cheney had told \\\"Meet the Press\\\" on December 9, 2001, that Iraq was harboring Abdul Rahman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952334\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"in question during the weeks following the fall of Baghdad and the conclusion of the major fighting of the war. Various sightings of Saddam were reported in the weeks following the war, but none was authenticated. At various times Saddam released audio tapes promoting popular resistance to his ousting. Saddam was placed at the top of the \\\"U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis\\\". In July 2003, his sons Uday and Qusay and 14-year-old grandson Mustapha were killed in a three-hour gunfight with U.S. forces. On 13 December 2003, in Operation Red Dawn, Saddam Hussein was captured by American forces after being\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein's novels\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein's novels Saddam Hussein, the late President of Iraq, wrote four novels and a number of poems. The first two books (\\\"Zabibah and the King\\\" and \\\"The Fortified Castle\\\") were \\\"Written by He Who Wrote It\\\", a traditional way in Arabic writing to preserve anonymity. Zabibah and the King ( ') also transliterated Zabiba and the King\\\"', written in 2000, is a novel that the CIA believes was written by Saddam Hussein, probably with the help of some ghostwriters. The plot is a love story about a powerful ruler of medieval Iraq and a beautiful commoner girl named Zabibah.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7845141\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Raghad Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Raghad Hussein Raghad Hussein (born 2 September 1968) is a daughter of Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq. In 1983, Raghad was married to Hussein Kamel al-Majid, a high-profile Iraqi defector who shared weapons secrets with UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6. Kamel was killed, along with his brother, by fellow-clan members, who declared them traitors. Saddam had allegedly made it clear that although he had pardoned both Kamel and his brother, they would lose all status, and would not receive any protection. Raghad's sister, Rana Hussein, was married to Hussein Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, who suffered the same fate.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3481468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"House of Saddam\",\n \"text\": \"Miniseries or Movie and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Shohreh Aghdashloo), winning the latter. House of Saddam House of Saddam is a 2008 drama that charted the rise and fall of Saddam Hussein. A co-production between BBC Television and HBO Films, the series was first broadcast on BBC Two (in the United Kingdom) in four parts between 30 July and 20 August 2008. A pre-title sequence is set in March 2003, showing Saddam watching the broadcast of President George W. Bush's ultimatum to leave Ba'athist Iraq within forty-eight hours. As the bombing of Baghdad commences, Saddam and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12246121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"those who put pressure on every country, including Turkey, for years to abolish the death sentence.\\\" Hamas called the execution of Saddam a \\\"political assassination.\\\" Saudi Arabia expressed \\\"surprise and dismay\\\" and regretted the \\\"politicisation\\\" of the trial. A Reuters reporter based in Afghanistan cited a top Taliban commander saying the death of Saddam Hussein \\\"will boost the morale of Muslims. The jihad in Iraq will be intensified and attacks on invader forces will increase.\\\" Fauzan Al Anshori, from the Islamic group of Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia, said Bush, too, should stand trial. \\\"Given the crimes blamed on Saddam, it is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein of Jordan\",\n \"text\": \"that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very closeHussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990, and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. In June 1982, after Iran's victory seemed imminent, Hussein personally carried to Saddam sensitive photographic intelligence forwarded to him by the US. In return, Saddam provided incentives for Jordanian exports to Iraq, which accounted for a quarter of all Jordan's exports, valued at $212.3million in 1989.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"857220\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein of Jordan\",\n \"text\": \"Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. Hussein made a little-known attempt to heal the rift between the two Ba'ath regimes of Iraq and Syria in April 1986. The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. Saddam was angry at Al-Assad for supporting Iran against an Arab country, Iraq, and Al-Assad was adamant about establishing a union between Iraq and Syria, which Saddam rejected. On 11 April\",\n \"psg_id\": \"857221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"the Arab world. John Esposito, however, claims that \\\"Arabs and Muslims were pulled in two directions. That they rallied not so much to Saddam Hussein as to the bipolar nature of the confrontation (the West versus the Arab Muslim world) and the issues that Saddam proclaimed: Arab unity, self-sufficiency, and social justice.\\\" As a result, Saddam Hussein appealed to many people for the same reasons that attracted more and more followers to Islamic revivalism and also for the same reasons that fueled anti-Western feelings. As one U.S. Muslim observer noted: \\\"People forgot about Saddam's record and concentrated on America ...\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403287\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish peshmerga rebel forces. The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq, but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack which some including the U.S. supported until several years later. The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties with estimates of up to one million dead. Neither side had achieved what they had originally desired and at the borders were left\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Union was adopted by the Commission for Human Rights, which stated that there had been no improvement in the human rights crisis in Iraq. The statement condemned President Saddam Hussein's government for its \\\"systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law\\\". The resolution demanded that Iraq immediately put an end to its \\\"summary and arbitrary executions ... the use of rape as a political tool and all enforced and involuntary disappearances\\\". Many members of the international community, especially the U.S., continued to view Saddam as a bellicose tyrant who was a threat to the stability\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him. The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution, showing him being led to the gallows, and ending after his head was in the hangman's noose. International public controversy arose when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"al-Arab waterway, which divides the two countries. During this period, Saddam Hussein publicly maintained that it was in Iraq's interest not to engage with Iran, and that it was in the interests of both nations to maintain peaceful relations. However, in a private meeting with Salah Omar al-Ali, Iraq's permanent ambassador to the United Nations, he revealed that he intended to invade and occupy a large part of Iran within months. Later (probably to appeal for support from the United States and most Western nations), he would make toppling the Islamic government one of his intentions as well. Iraq invaded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"News reporter Dan Rather. Talking for more than three hours, he denied possessing any weapons of mass destruction, or any other weapons prohibited by UN guidelines. He also expressed a wish to have a live televised debate with George W. Bush, which was declined. It was his first interview with a U.S. reporter in over a decade. CBS aired the taped interview later that week. Saddam Hussein later told an FBI interviewer that he once left open the possibility that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction in order to appear strong against Iran. The Iraqi government and military collapsed within\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"before his execution; he was concerned to ensure his legacy and how the history would be told. The tour was conducted by U.S. Marine Maj. Gen. Doug Stone, overseer of detention operations for the U.S. military in Iraq at the time. On 30 June 2004, Saddam Hussein, held in custody by U.S. forces at the U.S. base \\\"Camp Cropper\\\", along with 11 other senior Ba'athist leaders, were handed over legally (though not physically) to the interim Iraqi government to stand trial for crimes against humanity and other offences. A few weeks later, he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403303\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview\",\n \"text\": \"President Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney or Secretary of State Colin Powell for the interview, but the White House only offered other officials for the interview, such as Ari Fleischer and Dan Bartlett. The CBS network deemed these individuals inappropriate for the broadcast, and an American interview was never done. Memorable lines: Saddam invited President Bush to a live TV debate, to which Bush declined. On one occasion Saddam interrupted his translator and corrected his use of the term \\\"Bush\\\", instead of \\\"Mr. Bush\\\", which Saddam explained was out of respect. Saddam Hussein floated an idea of holding a live\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6540753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"long term.\\\" Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003. He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad, along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials. Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran–Iraq War, against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts, and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown, and was still the president of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 uprisings in Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"1991 uprisings in Iraq The 1991 uprisings in Iraq were a series of popular rebellions in northern and southern Iraq in March and April 1991 in a cease fire of the Persian Gulf War. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency, often referred to as the Sha'aban Intifada among Arabs and as the National Uprising among Kurds, was fueled by the perception that then Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was responsible for systemic social repression and had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of two prior wars: the Iran–Iraq War and the invasion of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8677344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein Mjalli\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein Mjalli Hussein Mjalli (1937 – 12 October 2014) was a Jordanian politician and lawyer. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1989 until 1993. He served as President of the Jordanian Bar Association for several terms. After the capture of Saddam Hussein in Iraq he joined his defence team, while still President of the Jordanian Bar Association. In 2011 he joined the government of Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit as Justice Minister. He resigned the same year. Mjalli was made Chairman of the Jordanian Bar Association in 1970 and remained in office until 1975. He was President\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18359161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein Mjalli\",\n \"text\": \"which strengthened the governments suppression of the freedom of the press. Mjalli was involved in the legal defence of Saddam Hussein in 2004. He had been appointed to a 20-member team by Hussein's wife Sajida Talfah. They argued that \\\"given the invasion of Iraq [had] no legal basis, US-led occupation forces [had] no right to change or cancel the Iraqi constitution\\\". Mjalli added that \\\"Iraq, [the] Iraqi people, Iraqi law, and the Iraqi president were hijacked\\\", concluding that \\\"the occupation of Iraq was illegal so ipso facto everything that follows is illegal.\\\" Mjalli considered Saddam Hussein to still be the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18359164\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"be 250,000. Saddam's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. He acquired the title \\\"Butcher of Baghdad\\\". In 2003, a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam, in which United States President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair falsely accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda. Saddam's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held. Following his capture on 13 December 2003, the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"a population of 2 million next to Iraq's 25) were roughly equal to those of Iraq. Taken together, Iraq and Kuwait sat on top of some 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves; as an article of comparison, Saudi Arabia holds 25 percent. Saddam complained to the U.S. State Department that Kuwait had slant drilled oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq–Kuwait border. As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rana Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein Kamel al-Majid. Despite this promise, before the end of the month, both Kamels were shot and killed by other clan members who declared them traitors. In 1997, her brother Uday Hussein put Rana and her sister Raghad under house arrest for being involved in a plot to assassinate him. On July 31, 2003, she went back to Jordan, where the king, Abdullah, granted her family asylum. Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3369523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"of the non-Ba'athist faction led by Prime Minister Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, whose support had been essential to the coup's success. According to a semi-official biography, Saddam personally led Naif at gunpoint to the plane that escorted him out of Iraq. Arif was given refuge in London and then Istanbul. Al-Bakr was named president and Saddam was named his deputy, and deputy chairman of the Ba'athist Revolutionary Command Council. According to biographers, Saddam never forgot the tensions within the first Ba'athist government, which formed the basis for his measures to promote Ba'ath party unity as well as his resolve to maintain\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403232\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"to al-Qa'ida.\\\" (For more information, see Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda timeline for 1995 and December 2005). Several official investigations by U.S. intelligence agencies, foreign intelligence agencies, and independent investigative bodies have looked into various aspects of the alleged links between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. Every single investigation has resulted in the conclusion that the data examined did not provide compelling evidence of a cooperative relationship between the two entities. After the attack on the World Trade Center in 1993, there were several investigations of possible collaboration between Saddam Hussein and the terrorists who attacked the building. Neil Herman, who headed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"from Iraq. Daniel Byman's study of state sponsorship of terrorism similarly did not list Iraq as a significant state sponsor, and called the al-Qaeda connection \\\"a rationale that before the war was strained and after it seems an ever-weaker reed.\\\" The conclusion of counterterrorism experts Rohan Gunaratna, Bruce Hoffman, and Daniel Benjamin, as well as journalists Peter Bergen and Jason Burke (who have both written extensively on al-Qaeda), has been that there is no evidence that suggests any collaborative relationship between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. That was similar to the conclusion of specific investigations by the National Security Council, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Rizgar Mohammed Amin, \\\"Who are you? I want to know who you are.\\\" When Amin addressed Saddam as \\\"the former president\\\", Saddam objected emphatically, saying he was still the President of the Republic of Iraq and had not been deposed. The first session of Saddam's trial lasted three hours. The court adjourned the case until 28 November 2005, as some of the witnesses were too frightened to attend, and to allow the defense more time to study evidence. During an interview with the Arab news agency al-Arabiya following the opening of the trial, Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad branded the court\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269279\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine","1979"],"string":"[\n \"one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine\",\n \"1979\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":597,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who became chair of joint chiefs of staff in 1989?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"as to delegate some of the chairman's responsibilities, particularly resource allocation through the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). General Colin L. Powell (1989–1993) was the first and, as of 2011, the only African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Peter Pace (Vice Chairman 2001–2005; Chairman, 2005–2007) was the first Marine to serve in either position. No woman has ever served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act added the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Guard historians called it the \"most significant","psg_id":"1600563"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"as to delegate some of the chairman's responsibilities, particularly resource allocation through the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). General Colin L. Powell (1989–1993) was the first and, as of 2011, the only African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Peter Pace (Vice Chairman 2001–2005; Chairman, 2005–2007) was the first Marine to serve in either position. No woman has ever served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act added the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Guard historians called it the \\\"most significant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600563\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), the Military Service Chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force, and the Chief of the National","psg_id":"1600547"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), an advisory body within the Department of Defense comprising the Chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947. The 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act elevated the","psg_id":"2291342"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"be appointed as Chairman and Vice Chairman, pursuant to and respectively, which use the collective term \"armed forces\" rather than listing the eligible services. However no Coast Guard officer has been appointed to either position as of 2016. The Coast Guard does have one officer who was appointed in 2016 to the Joint Staff who currently serves as J6. Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and","psg_id":"1600571"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"July 1942 – 21 March 1949). He was not technically the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\". That post was established and first held by General of the Army Omar Bradley in 1949. The position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was created by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. The vice chairman is a four-star-general or admiral and, by law, is the second highest-ranking member of the U.S. Armed Forces (after the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). In","psg_id":"1600566"},{"title":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the Chairmain of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was the Chief of the Defence Staff. † denotes people who died in office. The content of this article incorporates material published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado, which is in the public domain in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Law. Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted","psg_id":"20565020"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chiefs of Staff acts as the chief military advisor to the President and the Secretary of Defense. In this strictly advisory role, the Joint Chiefs constitute the second-highest deliberatory body for military policy, after the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council, which includes the President and other officials besides the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. While serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or Commandant of the Coast Guard, the salary","psg_id":"1600551"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of service of the three branches of the Pakistan Armed and Defense Services. Each service chief, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, performs their duty directly for the Ministry of Defence. Following the Hamoodur Rahman Commission, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee does not have operational command authority. Instead, the Joint Chief of Staff Committee is a principal military advisory body, and coordinates command operations between the services. The Committee is headed by the four-star officer who is designated as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC). The chairman is the de Jure Commander in chief of all","psg_id":"7161859"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"development\" for the National Guard since the Militia Act of 1903. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest-ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the United States","psg_id":"1600564"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"is considered a \"de facto\" JCS member for certain purposes and, by statute, is entitled to the same supplemental pay as the Joint Chiefs and is accorded the same privilege of the floor under Senate Rule XXIII(1) during Presidential addresses. The commandant is occasionally invited by the chairman to attend meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also, in contrast to the Joint Chiefs, who are not in the military's operational chain of command, the commandant is in operational command of his service. As the military of the United States grew in size following the American Civil War, joint military","psg_id":"1600553"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chiefs of Staff does not have operational command of U.S. military forces. Responsibility for conducting military operations goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands and thus bypasses the Joint Chiefs of Staff completely. Today, their primary responsibility is to ensure the personnel readiness, policy, planning and training of their respective military services for the combatant commanders to utilize. The Joint Chiefs of Staff also act in a military advisory capacity for the President of the United States and the Secretary of Defense. In addition, the Chairman of the Joint","psg_id":"1600550"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Joint Staff Headquarters located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. All studies were accepted in March 1976, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was officially formed with army general Muhammad Shariff becoming its first Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. It is headed by a four-star officer designated as Chairman. , there had been fourteen four-star Pakistan military officers who headed the Committee Secretariat. Altogether, there has been twelve were from the army, one from the Air Force, and two from the Navy have served. The headquarters are known as Joint Staff Headquarters and act as secretariat of JCSC. It is located","psg_id":"7161865"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. He also performs all other functions prescribed under or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff under his name. The principal deputy to the Chairman is the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), another four-star general or admiral, who among many duties chairs the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Joint Staff, led by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star general or admiral. The Joint Staff is an organization composed","psg_id":"2291345"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"by the Prime minister and confirmed by the President. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee outranks all other four-star officers; however, he does not have operational command authority over the Armed Forces. In his capacity as chief military adviser, he assists the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defense in exercising their command functions. Technically, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is the highest military body; and its Chairman joint chiefs serves as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO) to the civilian Prime Minister, Cabinet, National Security Council (its adviser), and the President. The Joint Chiefs of Staff","psg_id":"7161867"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"during World War II. The Joint Board had little influence during the war and was ultimately disbanded in 1947. As a counterpart to the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee in the CCS, and to provide better coordinated effort and coordinated staff work for America's military effort, Admiral William D. Leahy proposed a \"unified high command\" in what would come to be called the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Modeled on the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, the JCS' first formal meeting was held on 9 February 1942, to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The official history of","psg_id":"1600558"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman acts as principal military adviser to the Prime Minister in the supervision and conduct of joint warfare. Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on","psg_id":"7161869"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"from all the five armed services, assisting the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities. They work closely with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Department staffs, and the Combatant Command Staffs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star officer who assists the chairman with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard, who have been assigned to assist","psg_id":"1600569"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime minister. The chairman is selected based on seniority and merit from the Chiefs","psg_id":"7161858"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He may also perform such duties as the chairman may prescribe. It was not until the National Defense Authorization Act in 1992 that the position was made a full voting member of the JCS. The current vice chairman is General Paul J. Selva, USAF. The Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (SEAC) advises on all matters concerning joint and combined total force integration, utilization, development, and helps develop noncommissioned officers related joint professional education, enhance utilization","psg_id":"1600567"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the combined efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC), comprising the Chairman, the Chief of","psg_id":"4737016"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Guard Bureau, all appointed by the President following Senate confirmation. Each of the individual Military Service Chiefs, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, works directly for the Secretary of the Military Department concerned, i.e., Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force. Following the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986, the Joint Chiefs of Staff do not have operational command authority, either individually or collectively, as the chain of command goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense, and from the Secretary of Defense to the Commanders of the Combatant Commands. Goldwater–Nichols also","psg_id":"1600548"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in The Pentagon. The chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, but does not have command authority over them, their service branches or the Unified Combatant Commands. All combatant commanders receive operational orders directly from the Secretary of Defense. The current chairman is General Joseph Dunford, USMC, who began his term on October 1, 2015. On 20 July 1942, Navy Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (20","psg_id":"1600565"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel of the Armed Forces. The National Command Authority runs from the President and the Minister of National Defense to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and then to Operational Commands of the service branches, bypassing the","psg_id":"11236443"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)","text":"either the Navy or the Air Force. The Commandant of the Marine Corps, legally subordinate to the Republic of Korea Navy, can attend the Joint Chiefs of Staff meetings when examining the matter pertaining to the Marine Corps. Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel","psg_id":"11236445"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were: As the table indicates, each of the members of the original Joint Chiefs was a four-star flag or general officer in his respective service branch. By the end of the war, however, each had been promoted: Leahy and King to Fleet Admiral; Marshall and Arnold to General of the Army. Arnold was later appointed to the grade of General of the Air Force. One of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's committees was the Joint Strategic Survey Committee (JSSC). The JSSC was an extraordinary JCS committee that existed from 1942 until 1947. It was","psg_id":"1600560"},{"title":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted the highest collegiate body of the chain of military command of Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The Board consisted of a president, selected from among lieutenant generals or admirals of the three branches of the Armed Forces, their chiefs of staff (Army, Navy and the Air Force) and a secretary. The president had to","psg_id":"20565018"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill established the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) during the 1942 Arcadia Conference. The CCS would serve as the supreme military body for strategic direction of the combined US-British Empire war effort. The UK portion of the CCS would be composed of the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, but the United States had no equivalent body. The Joint Board's lack of authority made it of little use to the CCS, although its 1935 publication, Joint Action of the Army and Navy, did give some guidance for the joint operations","psg_id":"1600557"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of senior NCOs on joint battle staffs, and support the chairman's responsibilities as directed. Command Sergeant Major William Gainey, USA, was the first SEAC, serving from October 1, 2005. The current SEAC is Command Sergeant Major John W. Troxell, US Army, who was sworn in by Joint Chiefs Chairman General Joseph Dunford on December 11, 2015, replacing Sergeant Major Bryan B. Battaglia, USMC. The Joint Staff (JS) is a military headquarters staff based at the Pentagon, (with offices in Hampton Roads VA, Ft Leavenworth KS, Lackland AFB TX, Ft Belvoir VA, Fairchild AFB WA, Ft McNair DC) composed of personnel","psg_id":"1600568"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"at Chaklala, Rawalpindi. , General Zubair Mahmood Hayat is serving as Chairman Joint chiefs. The federal studies were fully supported by the military and many of the recommendations were implemented in 1980s to improve the joint efforts. Military failure in Bangladesh and war with India in 1971, the federal studies on civil military relations led by the Commission by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman helped establishing the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to coordinate the joint missions and executions of their work altogether during operations. The Chairmanship of Joint Chiefs rotates among the three Inter-Services; the Chairman joint chiefs is appointed","psg_id":"7161866"},{"title":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge","text":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge was first approved in February 1963 and has remained unchanged in appearance since then. Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may","psg_id":"3475441"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"services of the Pakistan Defense Forces, but he does not have operational authority over combatant forces, which report directly to their Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Staff, is headquartered in Rawalpindi near the vicinity of Naval, Air, GHQ headquarters. The Joint Chief of Staff Committee is composed of all uniformed military personnel from each inter-service, who assist the Chairman to coordinate military efforts. In early 1950s, the recommendations were sent to the government of establishing the joint staff committee, but it was resisted by the Navy as it feared that it would be dominated by the army. As the military","psg_id":"7161860"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Committee deals with joint military planning, joint training, integrated joint logistics, and provides strategic directions of the armed forces. Reviews periodically the role, size, and shape of three Inter–Services, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee advise the civilian government on strategic communications, industrial mobilizations plans, and formulating the defence plans. In many ways, the JCSC provides an important link to understand, maintain balance, and resolve conflicts in the civil military relations between military and political circles. In times of peace, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee's principal functions are to conduct planning of civil–military input; in times of war, the","psg_id":"7161868"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"or specified combatant command. Beginning in 2019, the Chairman's statutory term length will increase from two years to a single four-year term, with reappointment only possible in times of war or national emergency. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned","psg_id":"2291351"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, he is prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the armed forces; however, the Chairman does assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in exercising their command functions. The","psg_id":"2291341"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the next war; the US was always designated \"Blue\" and potential enemies were assigned various other colors. This time, the Joint Board's membership would include the Chiefs of Staff, their deputies, and the Chief of War Plans Division for the Army and Director of Plans Division for the Navy. Under the Joint Board would be a staff called the Joint Planning Committee to serve the Board. Along with new membership, the Joint Board could initiate recommendations on its own initiative. However, the Joint Board still did not possess the legal authority to enforce its decisions. President of the United States","psg_id":"1600556"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the chairman in providing to the Secretary of Defense unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The Joint Staff includes the following departments where all the planning, policies, intelligence, manpower, communications and logistics functions are translated into action. The Joint Chiefs may recognize private citizens, organizations or career civilian government employees for significant achievements provided to the joint community with one of the following decorations/awards. Although the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not an \"ex officio\" member of the JCS like the other service chiefs, Coast Guard officers are legally eligible to","psg_id":"1600570"},{"title":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge","text":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may qualify for permanent wear of this badge after being assigned for one year on active duty or two years as a reservist. The","psg_id":"3475440"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"admirals have given a strong criticism of such criterion, expressing their dissatisfaction towards the appointment processes. Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the","psg_id":"4737022"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"was a sub-committee of the War Cabinet, and in addition to the three service chiefs, it had an additional member, in the person of General Sir Hastings Ismay, who acted as its secretary. Subcommittees of the Committee were also formed, including the Joint Planning Staff and Joint Intelligence Committee. The Chiefs of Staff committee was responsible for the overall conduct of the British Armed Forces part of the war effort. When matters required joint Anglo-American decision, the Chiefs of Staff Committee members formed part of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, meeting in concert with their American counterparts, the Joint Chiefs","psg_id":"3434896"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of Staff Committee (JCSC) mechanism with headquartered in MoD. Per the act, the JCSC composed of a chairman, the Chief of Naval Staff, the Chief of Army Staff, and the Chief of Air Staff. It was mandate to have a collective responsibility of national defence and mechanism of plans based on a joint objectives. The chairmanship was to be rotated between each inter-services, irrespective of the personal ranks in each service. Lesson learns and recommendations after the 1971 war with India, all military work, combat coordination, and joint missions are overseen by the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee at the","psg_id":"7161864"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of Staff. The Combined Chiefs of Staff were based in Washington, so for most of the time the Chiefs of Staff were represented at meetings by the British Joint Staff Mission. Following World War II, the Chiefs of Staff Committee was transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In 1955 the Government decided to create the post of Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The post came into existence on 1 January 1956 and the only incumbent was Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Dickson who served until 1 January 1959 when he became the first Chief of","psg_id":"3434897"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, with the exception of the Chairman, but does not have operational command authority over their service branches. The Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986 created the position of VCJCS to assist the Chairman in exercising his duties. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman presides","psg_id":"2291481"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award","text":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This award is granted to any Federal Government civilian employee of the Joint Staff, combatant commands, joint organizations reporting to or through the Chairman, or any other Federal Government employee designated by the Chairman for service that far exceeds the contributions and service of others with comparable responsibilities and whose contributions","psg_id":"19955378"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"to lower hoist are four five-pointed stars, medium blue on the white, two above the eagle, and two below. The fringe is yellow; the cord and tassels are medium blue and white. The design was approved by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on 20 January 1987. Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service","psg_id":"2291486"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and all other duties prescribed under and may also perform other duties that the President, the Chairman, or the Secretary of Defense prescribes. Although the office of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered to be very important and highly prestigious, neither the Vice Chairman nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces. The chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. The Vice Chairman is nominated","psg_id":"2291482"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank. According to the 2017 Military Pay Table (effective January 1, 2017), basic pay for flag officers is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule, which is $15,583.20 per month. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or commander of a unified","psg_id":"2291350"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands. Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief from 20 July 1942 to 21 March 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\", created in 1942. The Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force","psg_id":"2291347"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman, who serves as a communication conduit between the Chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (command sergeants major, command master chief petty officers,","psg_id":"2291346"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chairman from the first among equals to becoming the \"principal military advisor\" to the President and the Secretary of Defense. The Joint Staff, managed by the Director of the Joint Staff and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the Chairman in fulfilling his duties to the President and Secretary of Defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the Chairman and the combatant commanders. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important","psg_id":"2291343"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"\"one of the most influential planning agencies in the wartime armed forces.\" Members included Lieutenant General Stanley D. Embick, U.S. Army, chairman, 1942–1946, Vice Admiral Russell Willson, U.S. Navy, 1942–1945, Vice Admiral Theodore Stark Wilkinson, U.S. Navy, 1946, and Major General Muir S. Fairchild, U.S. Army Air Force, 1942–?. With the end of World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was officially established under the National Security Act of 1947. Per the National Security Act, the JCS consisted of a chairman, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (which was established","psg_id":"1600561"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award","text":"are of a significantly broad scope. Recipients may receive the award only once, and the award cannot be received in conjunction with a Secretary of Defense award for the same service. Recipients of the award receive a medal set (medal, ribbon and lapel pin), a certificate signed by the Chairman and a citation. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs","psg_id":"19955379"},{"title":"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska and the creation of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created. Their role and responsibility right now is to implement processes of reform","psg_id":"12305570"},{"title":"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff","text":"Vice Chief of Staff, as well as numerous departments and special staffs. The \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" supervises the service branches operations of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, and would assume command in the event of a war, but his or her powers are limited to policy formation and defense coordination during peacetime. The chain of Operational Authority runs from the \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" to the Commanders of the several Operational Commands. Each service branch is headed by their respective Chiefs of Staff, who have administrative control over their own services. Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is","psg_id":"20618832"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"is $15,583.20 a month, regardless of cumulative years of service completed under section 205 of title 37, United States Code. Although the United States Coast Guard is an armed service (i.e. a branch of the military) pursuant to 14 United States Code, section 1, the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because the Coast Guard operates under the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Defense, and operates under the Department of the Navy (subordinate to the Chief of Naval Operations) when directed by the President. However, the commandant","psg_id":"1600552"},{"title":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"belong to the Group of Arms Command or Group \"A\" and was also chief of the Defence High Command, until the dissolution of this body in 1980. The Board also had a General Headquarters, created in 1980 as a result of the dissolution of the Defence High Command, where the organs of aid to the command were integrated. Of the General Headquarters of the JUJEM they depended: After its dissolution, the functions of the Board were assumed by the current Defence Staff. The most important functions entrusted to the Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff were the following: After 1984,","psg_id":"20565019"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"created the office of Vice Chairman, and the Chairman is now designated as the principal military adviser to the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the President. The Joint Staff (JS) is a headquarters staff in the Pentagon, composed of personnel from each of the five armed services, that assists the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities and is managed by the Director of the Joint Staff (DJS), who is a lieutenant general or Navy vice admiral. After the 1986 reorganization of the military undertaken by the Goldwater–Nichols Act, the Joint","psg_id":"1600549"},{"title":"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"and transformation of Armed Forces of BiH. Activity is in process and it asks new structures, new rules, new way of thinking and adaption. \"For period from 1918 to 2006, see Chief of the General Staff of Yugoslavia.\" Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska","psg_id":"12305571"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff and the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee met as a \"Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee\" around March 2013, the first time since their World War II meetings. This was held in Washington DC. Subsequent meetings were held in London 2014 and in the National Defense University, May 2015. Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President","psg_id":"3063685"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the Army Air Forces noted that although there was \"no official charter establishing this committee...by the end of February it had assumed responsibilities toward the American war effort comparable to the CCS on the combined level.\" On 20 July 1942, Admiral Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (\"\"Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States\"\" is the military title of the U.S. President, per Article II, § 2, of the Constitution), with the chiefs of staff of the services serving under his leadership. The first members","psg_id":"1600559"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"and highly prestigious, neither the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater-Nichols Act places the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. However the services chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services (derived from the service secretaries). The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the President and Secretary of Defense as well as","psg_id":"2291344"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"action between the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy became increasingly difficult. The Army and Navy were unsupportive of each other at either the planning or operational level and were constrained by disagreements during the Spanish–American War in the Caribbean campaigns. The Joint Army and Navy Board was established in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, comprising representatives from the military heads and chief planners of both the Navy's General Board and the Army's General Staff. The Joint Board acting as an \"advisory committee\" was created to plan joint operations and resolve problems of common rivalry between the two services. Yet, the","psg_id":"1600554"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"of 1942, Britain and the United States agreed on a worldwide division of strategic responsibility. On 24 March 1942, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were designated as primarily responsible for the war in the Pacific, and the British Chiefs for the Middle East-Indian Ocean region, while the European-Mediterranean-Atlantic area would be a combined responsibility of both staffs. China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States' sphere of responsibility. Six days later the Joint Chiefs of Staff divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA),","psg_id":"3063682"},{"title":"Director of the Joint Staff","text":"level of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Director of the Joint Staff is selected by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense. As with all three- and four-star positions, the Director's appointment is subject to Senate confirmation. The position of Director is considered one of the most desirable billets in the United States military establishment, for the position has historically served as a stepping stone to a four-star billet. As of February 2016, 34 of the","psg_id":"12830274"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"the British half. The CCS was constituted from the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the American Joint Chiefs of Staff, The American unit was created in part to present a common front to the British Chiefs of Staff. It held its first formal meeting on 9 February 1942 to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The CCS charter was approved by President Roosevelt 21 April 1942. The American members of the CCS were General George C. Marshall, the United States Army chief of staff, the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Harold R. Stark (replaced early in","psg_id":"3063678"},{"title":"Director of the Joint Staff","text":"Director of the Joint Staff The Director of the Joint Staff (DJS) is a three-star officer who assists the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a cabinet of senior military officers within the United States Armed Forces who advise the Secretary of Defense and President on military matters. The Director assists the Chairman in managing the Joint Staff and with the management and organization of the staff's members. The Director also chairs meetings of the Operations Deputies, a subsidiary body comprising the Director and a three-star delegate from each service who preview or resolve issues before they are escalated to the four-star","psg_id":"12830273"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Chairman. Historically, the Chairman has served two terms. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office and assumes office on October 1 of odd-numbered years. Although the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, would not outrank him. In the 1990s, there were proposals in Department of Defense academic","psg_id":"2291349"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"1942 by Admiral Ernest J. King); and the Chief (later Commanding General) of the Army Air Forces, Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold. In July 1942 a fourth member was added, the President's personal Chief of Staff, Admiral William D. Leahy. On the British side the Chiefs of Staff only normally attended during the heads of states' conferences. Instead the British Joint Staff Mission was permanently situated in Washington, D.C. to represent British interests. The British members were a representative of the Prime Minister, in his capacity as Minister of Defence, and the Chiefs of Staff Committee, which consisted of the","psg_id":"3063679"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and the Chief of the Air Staff, or the Washington representative of each. The representative of the Prime Minister was Field Marshal Sir John Dill and after his death Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson. The Washington representatives of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, who normally met with the United States members in place of their principals, were the senior officers from their respective services on the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington. In the course of the war, the First Sea Lord was represented by Admiral Sir Charles Little,","psg_id":"3063680"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"to the combatant commanders from the Prime minister and President as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. The Chairman is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister; and is finally confirmed by the President. Unlike United States's Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the appointment of Chairman does not need confirmation via majority vote by the Parliament. Although, the appointment needs confirmation from the Prime minister. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general, four-star air chief marshal and/or four star admiral. By law required, all four-star officers are required to have","psg_id":"4737018"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Army Staff and Chief of Air Staff and the Chief of Naval Staff, Commandant of Marines, DG Strategic Plans Division, and commanders of the service branches in the paramilitary command. Even as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO), the Chairman does not have any authority over the command of the combatant forces. The individual service chiefs are solely responsible for the coordination and logistics of the armed and combatant forces. Due to this constraint, the chiefs of army, air force, navy and marines are much in command and control of their respected commands. The Chairman's mandate is to transmit strategic communications","psg_id":"4737017"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Joint Board accomplished little as its charter gave it no authority to enforce its decisions. The Joint Board also lacked the ability to originate its own opinions and was thus limited to commenting only on the problems submitted to it by the Secretaries of War and Navy. As a result, the Joint Board had little to no impact on the manner in which the United States conducted World War I. After World War I, in 1919 the two Secretaries agreed to reestablish and revitalize the Joint Board. The mission of the General staff was to develop plans for mobilization for","psg_id":"1600555"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of the Chairman. The Vice Chairman will not be eligible for elevated appointment to Chairman or be appointed to another four-star position unless in times of war or national emergency. The positional color (flag) of the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is white with a diagonal medium blue strip from upper hoist to lower fly. Centered on the flag is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally, in proper colors. The talons grasp three crossed arrows. A shield with blue chief and thirteen red and white stripes is on the eagle's breast. Diagonally, from upper fly","psg_id":"2291485"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"which, none weren't taken in confidence, and the joint efforts were unsupported at either a planning or operational level, and were also constrained over disagreements during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Due to lack of complete and comprehensive communication, each services blamed the others for operational failures. As surrendered to India in 1971, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed a federal commission chaired by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman to conduct federal studies on the failure of the civil-military relations. Recommendations noted in \"Higher Direction of War act\" in the HRC report, it strongly called for the establishment of Joint Chiefs","psg_id":"7161863"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"1 November 2018 to provide advice to the Committee on the views of Other Ranks. The current membership of the Chiefs of Staff Committee: The role of the Committee is to provide advice on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations.
Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head","psg_id":"3434899"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"the Defence Staff. The CDS remained as chairman of the committee and was also recognized as the professional head of the British Armed Forces. In 1964, the post of Chief of the Imperial General Staff was discontinued and the Army was thereafter represented by the Chief of the General Staff. Since then, the only major changes have been the appointment of the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff to act as a deputy to the CDS and the inclusion of the Commander, Joint Forces Command on the committee. A Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chiefs of Staff Committee was appointed on","psg_id":"3434898"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)","text":"Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff and a Chairman who held a rank one level higher than the service heads. While Unification did not officially take place until 1968, the committee was replaced by the Armed Forces Council in 1964 after","psg_id":"5763876"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head of the forces, the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, who is the vice-chairman and deputy professional head of the armed forces. The Committee also consists of the professional heads of each branch of the armed forces: the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff,","psg_id":"3434894"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"military and state's affairs. In the absence of the joint staff mechanism, the defence plans and executions of operations were oversaw by each inter-service which affected the overall performance of the armed forces. Coordination between each inter-service became increasingly difficult. In a thesis written by Pervez Cheema, the 1971 war was fought \"without a purpose and with total lack of coordination between the civil effort and the armed forces, and between four fighting services: the Army, Navy and Air Force.\" Furthermore, the federal studies also noted that the top military brass had alienated the Army, Navy and Air Force. in","psg_id":"7161862"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"Staff George Marshall came up with the idea of a combined board, and sold it to Roosevelt and together the two sold the idea to Churchill. Churchill's military aides were much less favorable, and general Alan Brooke, the chief of the British Army, was strongly opposed. However, Brooke was left behind in London to handle the daily details of running the British war effort, and was not consulted. As part of Marshall's plan, Roosevelt also set up a Joint Chiefs of Staff on the American side. The combined board was permanently stationed in Washington, where Field Marshall John Dill represented","psg_id":"3063677"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)","text":"the publication of a Defence White Paper which proposed significant changes to the command structure of Canada's armed forces. The position of Chairman was replaced by the position of Chief of the Defence Staff with greatly expanded powers and functions. Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the","psg_id":"5763877"},{"title":"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff","text":"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is the highest-ranking military officer and head of the Operational Authority (command) over the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF). He or she assists the Minister of Defense on all matters with regards to the JSDF, and executes orders of the Minister of Defense, with directions from the Prime Minister. The current \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" is Admiral Katsutoshi Kawano. The \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" is the head of the , which consists of an Senior Enlisted Advisor to the \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\", the Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, an Administrative","psg_id":"20618831"},{"title":"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)","text":"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by providing information management services that include Joint Staff and Combatant Command records management policy and oversight; forms, directives, and NATO document management; staff action research, archiving, and content","psg_id":"11762838"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)","text":"Headquarters of each service branch. Currently there are five Operational Commands in the Army, two in the Navy (including the Marine Corps) and one in the Air Force. It was created in May 1954, though there had been Supreme Command of the Armed Forces dating from 1948. All (regular) members of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs are 4-star generals and admirals, though the Deputy Chairman in the past has been 3-star Lieutenant-General or Vice-Admiral intermittently. Traditionally, the Chairman is chosen from the Army (with one previous and one current exceptions as October 2013) while the Deputy Chairman is selected from","psg_id":"11236444"},{"title":"Joint Requirements Oversight Council","text":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who also serves as the co-chair of the Defense Acquisition Board. The other JROC members are the Vice Chiefs of each military service: Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Moreover, the JROC charters Functional Capabilities Boards. These boards are chaired by a JROC-designated chair and, for appropriate topics, co-chaired by a representative of the Milestone Decision Authority. Functional Capabilities Boards are the lead coordinating bodies to ensure that the joint force is","psg_id":"8324035"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"strain in the relation between the civilian government and the military. The four-star admirals in the Pakistan Navy have been notably superseded by the junior army officers, in instances took place in 2005 when Adm. Karim was superseded by junior-most Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq and, in 2011 when Adm. Numan was bypassed in favor of Lt-Gen. Wynne. In 2014, the practice continued by the civil government when Adm. Asif Sandila was bypassed and overlooked when the junior most officer, Lt-Gen. Rashad Mahmood was eventually appointed as Chairman joint chiefs. Due to such preferential treatments given to army department, the retired","psg_id":"4737021"},{"title":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee Admiral Sunil Lanba stated the heads of the three services had \"finally agreed on a permanent chief of staff committee,\" and the matter had been sent to the Defence Ministry for consideration. Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a","psg_id":"20972902"},{"title":"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)","text":"is also bound to protect classified information to protect the security interests of the country and its citizens both at home and abroad, whether they be civilian or military. Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","psg_id":"11762845"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D Roosevelt. It emerged from the meetings of the Arcadia Conference in Washington, from December 22, 1941 to January 14, 1942. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Prime Minister Churchill and his senior military staff used Arcadia an opportunity to lay out the general strategy for the war. The American Army Chief of","psg_id":"3063676"},{"title":"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission","text":"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission () is the command organ and the headquarters for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was founded on January 11, 2016 under Xi Jinping's military reforms. It is under the absolute leadership of the Central Military Commission. The Department continues PLA Operations Command, Recruitments, Mobilizations, Formation, Trainings and Administration duties. Its Headquarters is located in Beijing and the current chief of Joint staff is General Li Zuocheng. The current deputy chiefs are Lt General","psg_id":"19275402"},{"title":"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)","text":"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of the Naval Staff (( (reporting name as CNS), is a military appointment and a Statutory office held by the four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Naval Staff is one of the senior-most appointments in the Pakistan military who is one of the senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, providing senior consultation to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to act as a","psg_id":"13200210"},{"title":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a lack of communication between the service branches, and therefore suggested to create a Chief of Defence Staff position. This was however rejected by many members of the military, arguing that only great or imperial powers engaging in power projection","psg_id":"20972900"},{"title":"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)","text":"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Army Staff () (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Army Staff is a senior most appointment in the Pakistani military who is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, usually consulting with the Chairman joint chiefs to act as a military adviser to the Prime Minister and its civilian government in","psg_id":"9078637"},{"title":"Joint Forces Staff College","text":"is to educate national security professionals in the planning and execution of joint, multinational, and interagency operations in order to instill a primary commitment to joint, multinational, and interagency teamwork, attitudes, and perspectives. In the 1930s, few officers were qualified, either by training or experience, to engage in joint operations. The demands of World War II brought out the urgent need for joint action by ground, sea, and air forces. To alleviate the friction and misunderstanding resulting from lack of joint experience, the Joint Chiefs of Staff established an Army and Navy Staff College (ANSCOL) in 1943. ANSCOL conducted a","psg_id":"8224332"},{"title":"Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army","text":"position and became the coordinator deputy of the Chief Commander (). The position is currently held by Rear admiral Habibollah Sayyari, who is second-in-command and deputy of Major general Ataollah Salehi. Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (), acronymed SEMAJA (), is the chief of staff of Iran's regular military, Islamic Republic of Iran Army (\"Artesh\") with an aim to coordinate its four military branches. The Joint Staff has Central Provost and University of Command and Staff under control. From 1921 to 1998, \"Chairman of Chief of Staff\"","psg_id":"19239228"},{"title":"Joint Forces Staff College","text":"four-month course that was successful in training officers for joint command and staff duties. ANSCOL, which had been established to meet the immediate needs of war, was discontinued upon its conclusion. A joint committee was appointed to prepare a directive for a new school. This directive, which was approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 28 June 1946, established the Armed Forces Staff College (AFSC). Responsibility for the operation and maintenance of its facilities was charged to the Chief of Naval Operations. Following a temporary residence in Washington, D.C., AFSC was established in Norfolk, Virginia, on August 13, 1946.","psg_id":"8224333"},{"title":"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989","text":"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989 At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the British Armed Forces structure was as follows: In 1989 the British Armed Forces had a peacetime strength of 311,600 men and defense expenditures were 4.09% of GDP. Joint establishments were tri-service units providing services to all three branches of the British Armed Forces/ The Defence Operations Executive, led by the Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) and including the Assistant Chiefs of the Naval, General, and Air Staffs, supervised the Joint Operations Centre which in turn passed orders to the forces","psg_id":"20444199"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"the Chief of the General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. The Chiefs of Staff Committee was initially established as a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence in 1923. It remained as such until the abolition of the CID upon the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The initial composition of the committee was the professional heads of the three services, the First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. Each service head took turns being chairman of the committee. During the Second World War the committee","psg_id":"3434895"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of Pakistan grew in size and political influence increased after the 1965 war with India. Though, the joint coordination mechanism was felt but no steps were taken. Precursors of this body can be found in East Pakistan when Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan became the Commander of the Eastern High Command. Law and order was significantly improved under Admiral Ahsan, but before the system fully evolved, Admiral Ahsan tendered his resignation amid political differences with the President Yahya Khan. As the crisis in East Pakistan progressed, following the intervention by India, the top military brass had the full control of the","psg_id":"7161861"},{"title":"Chief of the Romanian General Staff","text":"the level of the General Staff. The Committee is a deliberative structure, having a consultative role. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee meets to discuss important topics with regard to the Romanian Armed Forces’ activity, usually quarterly or whenever necessary. The Chief of General Staff is also the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. The Gallery of the Chiefs of General Staff consists of 48 Flag and Commissioned Officers in the 1859–2006 timeframe. Chief of the Romanian General Staff The Chief of General Staff () is the highest professional military authority in the Romanian Armed Forces. He is","psg_id":"8341519"},{"title":"Chief of the Defence Staff (Spain)","text":"Minister of Defence and whose Chairmain was also the Chief of the General Staff. This body assumed all the functions of the EMP when it was suppressed. In 1984, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was institutionalized and the position of Chief of Defence Staff (JEMAD) was created, replacing the Chairman of the Board of Chiefs of Staff. At the same time, the Defence Staff was created to support the JEMAD. The Joint Chiefs of Staff was in force until 2005, when the new National Defence Organic Act created the National Defence Council as an advisory body to the Prime Minister","psg_id":"17327424"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), the Military Service Chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force, and the Chief of the National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), an advisory body within the Department of Defense comprising the Chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947. The 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act elevated the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"be appointed as Chairman and Vice Chairman, pursuant to and respectively, which use the collective term \\\"armed forces\\\" rather than listing the eligible services. However no Coast Guard officer has been appointed to either position as of 2016. The Coast Guard does have one officer who was appointed in 2016 to the Joint Staff who currently serves as J6. Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"July 1942 – 21 March 1949). He was not technically the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \\\"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\\\". That post was established and first held by General of the Army Omar Bradley in 1949. The position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was created by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. The vice chairman is a four-star-general or admiral and, by law, is the second highest-ranking member of the U.S. Armed Forces (after the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the Chairmain of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was the Chief of the Defence Staff. † denotes people who died in office. The content of this article incorporates material published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado, which is in the public domain in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Law. Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff acts as the chief military advisor to the President and the Secretary of Defense. In this strictly advisory role, the Joint Chiefs constitute the second-highest deliberatory body for military policy, after the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council, which includes the President and other officials besides the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. While serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or Commandant of the Coast Guard, the salary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of service of the three branches of the Pakistan Armed and Defense Services. Each service chief, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, performs their duty directly for the Ministry of Defence. Following the Hamoodur Rahman Commission, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee does not have operational command authority. Instead, the Joint Chief of Staff Committee is a principal military advisory body, and coordinates command operations between the services. The Committee is headed by the four-star officer who is designated as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC). The chairman is the de Jure Commander in chief of all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161859\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"development\\\" for the National Guard since the Militia Act of 1903. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest-ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"is considered a \\\"de facto\\\" JCS member for certain purposes and, by statute, is entitled to the same supplemental pay as the Joint Chiefs and is accorded the same privilege of the floor under Senate Rule XXIII(1) during Presidential addresses. The commandant is occasionally invited by the chairman to attend meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also, in contrast to the Joint Chiefs, who are not in the military's operational chain of command, the commandant is in operational command of his service. As the military of the United States grew in size following the American Civil War, joint military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff does not have operational command of U.S. military forces. Responsibility for conducting military operations goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands and thus bypasses the Joint Chiefs of Staff completely. Today, their primary responsibility is to ensure the personnel readiness, policy, planning and training of their respective military services for the combatant commanders to utilize. The Joint Chiefs of Staff also act in a military advisory capacity for the President of the United States and the Secretary of Defense. In addition, the Chairman of the Joint\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Staff Headquarters located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. All studies were accepted in March 1976, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was officially formed with army general Muhammad Shariff becoming its first Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. It is headed by a four-star officer designated as Chairman. , there had been fourteen four-star Pakistan military officers who headed the Committee Secretariat. Altogether, there has been twelve were from the army, one from the Air Force, and two from the Navy have served. The headquarters are known as Joint Staff Headquarters and act as secretariat of JCSC. It is located\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. He also performs all other functions prescribed under or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff under his name. The principal deputy to the Chairman is the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), another four-star general or admiral, who among many duties chairs the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Joint Staff, led by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star general or admiral. The Joint Staff is an organization composed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"by the Prime minister and confirmed by the President. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee outranks all other four-star officers; however, he does not have operational command authority over the Armed Forces. In his capacity as chief military adviser, he assists the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defense in exercising their command functions. Technically, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is the highest military body; and its Chairman joint chiefs serves as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO) to the civilian Prime Minister, Cabinet, National Security Council (its adviser), and the President. The Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"during World War II. The Joint Board had little influence during the war and was ultimately disbanded in 1947. As a counterpart to the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee in the CCS, and to provide better coordinated effort and coordinated staff work for America's military effort, Admiral William D. Leahy proposed a \\\"unified high command\\\" in what would come to be called the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Modeled on the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, the JCS' first formal meeting was held on 9 February 1942, to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The official history of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman acts as principal military adviser to the Prime Minister in the supervision and conduct of joint warfare. Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"from all the five armed services, assisting the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities. They work closely with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Department staffs, and the Combatant Command Staffs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star officer who assists the chairman with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard, who have been assigned to assist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600569\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime minister. The chairman is selected based on seniority and merit from the Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He may also perform such duties as the chairman may prescribe. It was not until the National Defense Authorization Act in 1992 that the position was made a full voting member of the JCS. The current vice chairman is General Paul J. Selva, USAF. The Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (SEAC) advises on all matters concerning joint and combined total force integration, utilization, development, and helps develop noncommissioned officers related joint professional education, enhance utilization\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600567\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the combined efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC), comprising the Chairman, the Chief of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Guard Bureau, all appointed by the President following Senate confirmation. Each of the individual Military Service Chiefs, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, works directly for the Secretary of the Military Department concerned, i.e., Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force. Following the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986, the Joint Chiefs of Staff do not have operational command authority, either individually or collectively, as the chain of command goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense, and from the Secretary of Defense to the Commanders of the Combatant Commands. Goldwater–Nichols also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600548\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in The Pentagon. The chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, but does not have command authority over them, their service branches or the Unified Combatant Commands. All combatant commanders receive operational orders directly from the Secretary of Defense. The current chairman is General Joseph Dunford, USMC, who began his term on October 1, 2015. On 20 July 1942, Navy Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (20\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel of the Armed Forces. The National Command Authority runs from the President and the Minister of National Defense to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and then to Operational Commands of the service branches, bypassing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11236443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)\",\n \"text\": \"either the Navy or the Air Force. The Commandant of the Marine Corps, legally subordinate to the Republic of Korea Navy, can attend the Joint Chiefs of Staff meetings when examining the matter pertaining to the Marine Corps. Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11236445\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were: As the table indicates, each of the members of the original Joint Chiefs was a four-star flag or general officer in his respective service branch. By the end of the war, however, each had been promoted: Leahy and King to Fleet Admiral; Marshall and Arnold to General of the Army. Arnold was later appointed to the grade of General of the Air Force. One of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's committees was the Joint Strategic Survey Committee (JSSC). The JSSC was an extraordinary JCS committee that existed from 1942 until 1947. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted the highest collegiate body of the chain of military command of Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The Board consisted of a president, selected from among lieutenant generals or admirals of the three branches of the Armed Forces, their chiefs of staff (Army, Navy and the Air Force) and a secretary. The president had to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill established the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) during the 1942 Arcadia Conference. The CCS would serve as the supreme military body for strategic direction of the combined US-British Empire war effort. The UK portion of the CCS would be composed of the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, but the United States had no equivalent body. The Joint Board's lack of authority made it of little use to the CCS, although its 1935 publication, Joint Action of the Army and Navy, did give some guidance for the joint operations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of senior NCOs on joint battle staffs, and support the chairman's responsibilities as directed. Command Sergeant Major William Gainey, USA, was the first SEAC, serving from October 1, 2005. The current SEAC is Command Sergeant Major John W. Troxell, US Army, who was sworn in by Joint Chiefs Chairman General Joseph Dunford on December 11, 2015, replacing Sergeant Major Bryan B. Battaglia, USMC. The Joint Staff (JS) is a military headquarters staff based at the Pentagon, (with offices in Hampton Roads VA, Ft Leavenworth KS, Lackland AFB TX, Ft Belvoir VA, Fairchild AFB WA, Ft McNair DC) composed of personnel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"at Chaklala, Rawalpindi. , General Zubair Mahmood Hayat is serving as Chairman Joint chiefs. The federal studies were fully supported by the military and many of the recommendations were implemented in 1980s to improve the joint efforts. Military failure in Bangladesh and war with India in 1971, the federal studies on civil military relations led by the Commission by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman helped establishing the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to coordinate the joint missions and executions of their work altogether during operations. The Chairmanship of Joint Chiefs rotates among the three Inter-Services; the Chairman joint chiefs is appointed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge\",\n \"text\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge was first approved in February 1963 and has remained unchanged in appearance since then. Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3475441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"services of the Pakistan Defense Forces, but he does not have operational authority over combatant forces, which report directly to their Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Staff, is headquartered in Rawalpindi near the vicinity of Naval, Air, GHQ headquarters. The Joint Chief of Staff Committee is composed of all uniformed military personnel from each inter-service, who assist the Chairman to coordinate military efforts. In early 1950s, the recommendations were sent to the government of establishing the joint staff committee, but it was resisted by the Navy as it feared that it would be dominated by the army. As the military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Committee deals with joint military planning, joint training, integrated joint logistics, and provides strategic directions of the armed forces. Reviews periodically the role, size, and shape of three Inter–Services, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee advise the civilian government on strategic communications, industrial mobilizations plans, and formulating the defence plans. In many ways, the JCSC provides an important link to understand, maintain balance, and resolve conflicts in the civil military relations between military and political circles. In times of peace, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee's principal functions are to conduct planning of civil–military input; in times of war, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"or specified combatant command. Beginning in 2019, the Chairman's statutory term length will increase from two years to a single four-year term, with reappointment only possible in times of war or national emergency. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, he is prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the armed forces; however, the Chairman does assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in exercising their command functions. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the next war; the US was always designated \\\"Blue\\\" and potential enemies were assigned various other colors. This time, the Joint Board's membership would include the Chiefs of Staff, their deputies, and the Chief of War Plans Division for the Army and Director of Plans Division for the Navy. Under the Joint Board would be a staff called the Joint Planning Committee to serve the Board. Along with new membership, the Joint Board could initiate recommendations on its own initiative. However, the Joint Board still did not possess the legal authority to enforce its decisions. President of the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the chairman in providing to the Secretary of Defense unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The Joint Staff includes the following departments where all the planning, policies, intelligence, manpower, communications and logistics functions are translated into action. The Joint Chiefs may recognize private citizens, organizations or career civilian government employees for significant achievements provided to the joint community with one of the following decorations/awards. Although the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not an \\\"ex officio\\\" member of the JCS like the other service chiefs, Coast Guard officers are legally eligible to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge\",\n \"text\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may qualify for permanent wear of this badge after being assigned for one year on active duty or two years as a reservist. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3475440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"admirals have given a strong criticism of such criterion, expressing their dissatisfaction towards the appointment processes. Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"was a sub-committee of the War Cabinet, and in addition to the three service chiefs, it had an additional member, in the person of General Sir Hastings Ismay, who acted as its secretary. Subcommittees of the Committee were also formed, including the Joint Planning Staff and Joint Intelligence Committee. The Chiefs of Staff committee was responsible for the overall conduct of the British Armed Forces part of the war effort. When matters required joint Anglo-American decision, the Chiefs of Staff Committee members formed part of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, meeting in concert with their American counterparts, the Joint Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of Staff Committee (JCSC) mechanism with headquartered in MoD. Per the act, the JCSC composed of a chairman, the Chief of Naval Staff, the Chief of Army Staff, and the Chief of Air Staff. It was mandate to have a collective responsibility of national defence and mechanism of plans based on a joint objectives. The chairmanship was to be rotated between each inter-services, irrespective of the personal ranks in each service. Lesson learns and recommendations after the 1971 war with India, all military work, combat coordination, and joint missions are overseen by the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of Staff. The Combined Chiefs of Staff were based in Washington, so for most of the time the Chiefs of Staff were represented at meetings by the British Joint Staff Mission. Following World War II, the Chiefs of Staff Committee was transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In 1955 the Government decided to create the post of Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The post came into existence on 1 January 1956 and the only incumbent was Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Dickson who served until 1 January 1959 when he became the first Chief of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434897\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, with the exception of the Chairman, but does not have operational command authority over their service branches. The Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986 created the position of VCJCS to assist the Chairman in exercising his duties. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman presides\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This award is granted to any Federal Government civilian employee of the Joint Staff, combatant commands, joint organizations reporting to or through the Chairman, or any other Federal Government employee designated by the Chairman for service that far exceeds the contributions and service of others with comparable responsibilities and whose contributions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19955378\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"to lower hoist are four five-pointed stars, medium blue on the white, two above the eagle, and two below. The fringe is yellow; the cord and tassels are medium blue and white. The design was approved by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on 20 January 1987. Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and all other duties prescribed under and may also perform other duties that the President, the Chairman, or the Secretary of Defense prescribes. Although the office of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered to be very important and highly prestigious, neither the Vice Chairman nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces. The chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. The Vice Chairman is nominated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291482\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank. According to the 2017 Military Pay Table (effective January 1, 2017), basic pay for flag officers is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule, which is $15,583.20 per month. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or commander of a unified\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands. Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief from 20 July 1942 to 21 March 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \\\"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\\\", created in 1942. The Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman, who serves as a communication conduit between the Chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (command sergeants major, command master chief petty officers,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman from the first among equals to becoming the \\\"principal military advisor\\\" to the President and the Secretary of Defense. The Joint Staff, managed by the Director of the Joint Staff and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the Chairman in fulfilling his duties to the President and Secretary of Defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the Chairman and the combatant commanders. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"one of the most influential planning agencies in the wartime armed forces.\\\" Members included Lieutenant General Stanley D. Embick, U.S. Army, chairman, 1942–1946, Vice Admiral Russell Willson, U.S. Navy, 1942–1945, Vice Admiral Theodore Stark Wilkinson, U.S. Navy, 1946, and Major General Muir S. Fairchild, U.S. Army Air Force, 1942–?. With the end of World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was officially established under the National Security Act of 1947. Per the National Security Act, the JCS consisted of a chairman, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (which was established\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award\",\n \"text\": \"are of a significantly broad scope. Recipients may receive the award only once, and the award cannot be received in conjunction with a Secretary of Defense award for the same service. Recipients of the award receive a medal set (medal, ribbon and lapel pin), a certificate signed by the Chairman and a citation. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19955379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska and the creation of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created. Their role and responsibility right now is to implement processes of reform\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12305570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Vice Chief of Staff, as well as numerous departments and special staffs. The \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" supervises the service branches operations of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, and would assume command in the event of a war, but his or her powers are limited to policy formation and defense coordination during peacetime. The chain of Operational Authority runs from the \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" to the Commanders of the several Operational Commands. Each service branch is headed by their respective Chiefs of Staff, who have administrative control over their own services. Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20618832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"is $15,583.20 a month, regardless of cumulative years of service completed under section 205 of title 37, United States Code. Although the United States Coast Guard is an armed service (i.e. a branch of the military) pursuant to 14 United States Code, section 1, the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because the Coast Guard operates under the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Defense, and operates under the Department of the Navy (subordinate to the Chief of Naval Operations) when directed by the President. However, the commandant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"belong to the Group of Arms Command or Group \\\"A\\\" and was also chief of the Defence High Command, until the dissolution of this body in 1980. The Board also had a General Headquarters, created in 1980 as a result of the dissolution of the Defence High Command, where the organs of aid to the command were integrated. Of the General Headquarters of the JUJEM they depended: After its dissolution, the functions of the Board were assumed by the current Defence Staff. The most important functions entrusted to the Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff were the following: After 1984,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"created the office of Vice Chairman, and the Chairman is now designated as the principal military adviser to the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the President. The Joint Staff (JS) is a headquarters staff in the Pentagon, composed of personnel from each of the five armed services, that assists the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities and is managed by the Director of the Joint Staff (DJS), who is a lieutenant general or Navy vice admiral. After the 1986 reorganization of the military undertaken by the Goldwater–Nichols Act, the Joint\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"and transformation of Armed Forces of BiH. Activity is in process and it asks new structures, new rules, new way of thinking and adaption. \\\"For period from 1918 to 2006, see Chief of the General Staff of Yugoslavia.\\\" Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12305571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff and the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee met as a \\\"Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee\\\" around March 2013, the first time since their World War II meetings. This was held in Washington DC. Subsequent meetings were held in London 2014 and in the National Defense University, May 2015. Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the Army Air Forces noted that although there was \\\"no official charter establishing this committee...by the end of February it had assumed responsibilities toward the American war effort comparable to the CCS on the combined level.\\\" On 20 July 1942, Admiral Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (\\\"\\\"Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States\\\"\\\" is the military title of the U.S. President, per Article II, § 2, of the Constitution), with the chiefs of staff of the services serving under his leadership. The first members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"and highly prestigious, neither the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater-Nichols Act places the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. However the services chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services (derived from the service secretaries). The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the President and Secretary of Defense as well as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"action between the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy became increasingly difficult. The Army and Navy were unsupportive of each other at either the planning or operational level and were constrained by disagreements during the Spanish–American War in the Caribbean campaigns. The Joint Army and Navy Board was established in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, comprising representatives from the military heads and chief planners of both the Navy's General Board and the Army's General Staff. The Joint Board acting as an \\\"advisory committee\\\" was created to plan joint operations and resolve problems of common rivalry between the two services. Yet, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of 1942, Britain and the United States agreed on a worldwide division of strategic responsibility. On 24 March 1942, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were designated as primarily responsible for the war in the Pacific, and the British Chiefs for the Middle East-Indian Ocean region, while the European-Mediterranean-Atlantic area would be a combined responsibility of both staffs. China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States' sphere of responsibility. Six days later the Joint Chiefs of Staff divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Director of the Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"level of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Director of the Joint Staff is selected by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense. As with all three- and four-star positions, the Director's appointment is subject to Senate confirmation. The position of Director is considered one of the most desirable billets in the United States military establishment, for the position has historically served as a stepping stone to a four-star billet. As of February 2016, 34 of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12830274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the British half. The CCS was constituted from the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the American Joint Chiefs of Staff, The American unit was created in part to present a common front to the British Chiefs of Staff. It held its first formal meeting on 9 February 1942 to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The CCS charter was approved by President Roosevelt 21 April 1942. The American members of the CCS were General George C. Marshall, the United States Army chief of staff, the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Harold R. Stark (replaced early in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Director of the Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Director of the Joint Staff The Director of the Joint Staff (DJS) is a three-star officer who assists the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a cabinet of senior military officers within the United States Armed Forces who advise the Secretary of Defense and President on military matters. The Director assists the Chairman in managing the Joint Staff and with the management and organization of the staff's members. The Director also chairs meetings of the Operations Deputies, a subsidiary body comprising the Director and a three-star delegate from each service who preview or resolve issues before they are escalated to the four-star\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12830273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Chairman. Historically, the Chairman has served two terms. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office and assumes office on October 1 of odd-numbered years. Although the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, would not outrank him. In the 1990s, there were proposals in Department of Defense academic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"1942 by Admiral Ernest J. King); and the Chief (later Commanding General) of the Army Air Forces, Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold. In July 1942 a fourth member was added, the President's personal Chief of Staff, Admiral William D. Leahy. On the British side the Chiefs of Staff only normally attended during the heads of states' conferences. Instead the British Joint Staff Mission was permanently situated in Washington, D.C. to represent British interests. The British members were a representative of the Prime Minister, in his capacity as Minister of Defence, and the Chiefs of Staff Committee, which consisted of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and the Chief of the Air Staff, or the Washington representative of each. The representative of the Prime Minister was Field Marshal Sir John Dill and after his death Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson. The Washington representatives of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, who normally met with the United States members in place of their principals, were the senior officers from their respective services on the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington. In the course of the war, the First Sea Lord was represented by Admiral Sir Charles Little,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"to the combatant commanders from the Prime minister and President as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. The Chairman is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister; and is finally confirmed by the President. Unlike United States's Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the appointment of Chairman does not need confirmation via majority vote by the Parliament. Although, the appointment needs confirmation from the Prime minister. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general, four-star air chief marshal and/or four star admiral. By law required, all four-star officers are required to have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Army Staff and Chief of Air Staff and the Chief of Naval Staff, Commandant of Marines, DG Strategic Plans Division, and commanders of the service branches in the paramilitary command. Even as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO), the Chairman does not have any authority over the command of the combatant forces. The individual service chiefs are solely responsible for the coordination and logistics of the armed and combatant forces. Due to this constraint, the chiefs of army, air force, navy and marines are much in command and control of their respected commands. The Chairman's mandate is to transmit strategic communications\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737017\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Board accomplished little as its charter gave it no authority to enforce its decisions. The Joint Board also lacked the ability to originate its own opinions and was thus limited to commenting only on the problems submitted to it by the Secretaries of War and Navy. As a result, the Joint Board had little to no impact on the manner in which the United States conducted World War I. After World War I, in 1919 the two Secretaries agreed to reestablish and revitalize the Joint Board. The mission of the General staff was to develop plans for mobilization for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of the Chairman. The Vice Chairman will not be eligible for elevated appointment to Chairman or be appointed to another four-star position unless in times of war or national emergency. The positional color (flag) of the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is white with a diagonal medium blue strip from upper hoist to lower fly. Centered on the flag is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally, in proper colors. The talons grasp three crossed arrows. A shield with blue chief and thirteen red and white stripes is on the eagle's breast. Diagonally, from upper fly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"which, none weren't taken in confidence, and the joint efforts were unsupported at either a planning or operational level, and were also constrained over disagreements during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Due to lack of complete and comprehensive communication, each services blamed the others for operational failures. As surrendered to India in 1971, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed a federal commission chaired by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman to conduct federal studies on the failure of the civil-military relations. Recommendations noted in \\\"Higher Direction of War act\\\" in the HRC report, it strongly called for the establishment of Joint Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"1 November 2018 to provide advice to the Committee on the views of Other Ranks. The current membership of the Chiefs of Staff Committee: The role of the Committee is to provide advice on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations.
Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434899\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"the Defence Staff. The CDS remained as chairman of the committee and was also recognized as the professional head of the British Armed Forces. In 1964, the post of Chief of the Imperial General Staff was discontinued and the Army was thereafter represented by the Chief of the General Staff. Since then, the only major changes have been the appointment of the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff to act as a deputy to the CDS and the inclusion of the Commander, Joint Forces Command on the committee. A Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chiefs of Staff Committee was appointed on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434898\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff and a Chairman who held a rank one level higher than the service heads. While Unification did not officially take place until 1968, the committee was replaced by the Armed Forces Council in 1964 after\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5763876\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head of the forces, the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, who is the vice-chairman and deputy professional head of the armed forces. The Committee also consists of the professional heads of each branch of the armed forces: the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"military and state's affairs. In the absence of the joint staff mechanism, the defence plans and executions of operations were oversaw by each inter-service which affected the overall performance of the armed forces. Coordination between each inter-service became increasingly difficult. In a thesis written by Pervez Cheema, the 1971 war was fought \\\"without a purpose and with total lack of coordination between the civil effort and the armed forces, and between four fighting services: the Army, Navy and Air Force.\\\" Furthermore, the federal studies also noted that the top military brass had alienated the Army, Navy and Air Force. in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Staff George Marshall came up with the idea of a combined board, and sold it to Roosevelt and together the two sold the idea to Churchill. Churchill's military aides were much less favorable, and general Alan Brooke, the chief of the British Army, was strongly opposed. However, Brooke was left behind in London to handle the daily details of running the British war effort, and was not consulted. As part of Marshall's plan, Roosevelt also set up a Joint Chiefs of Staff on the American side. The combined board was permanently stationed in Washington, where Field Marshall John Dill represented\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)\",\n \"text\": \"the publication of a Defence White Paper which proposed significant changes to the command structure of Canada's armed forces. The position of Chairman was replaced by the position of Chief of the Defence Staff with greatly expanded powers and functions. Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5763877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is the highest-ranking military officer and head of the Operational Authority (command) over the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF). He or she assists the Minister of Defense on all matters with regards to the JSDF, and executes orders of the Minister of Defense, with directions from the Prime Minister. The current \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" is Admiral Katsutoshi Kawano. The \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" is the head of the , which consists of an Senior Enlisted Advisor to the \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\", the Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, an Administrative\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20618831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by providing information management services that include Joint Staff and Combatant Command records management policy and oversight; forms, directives, and NATO document management; staff action research, archiving, and content\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11762838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)\",\n \"text\": \"Headquarters of each service branch. Currently there are five Operational Commands in the Army, two in the Navy (including the Marine Corps) and one in the Air Force. It was created in May 1954, though there had been Supreme Command of the Armed Forces dating from 1948. All (regular) members of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs are 4-star generals and admirals, though the Deputy Chairman in the past has been 3-star Lieutenant-General or Vice-Admiral intermittently. Traditionally, the Chairman is chosen from the Army (with one previous and one current exceptions as October 2013) while the Deputy Chairman is selected from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11236444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Requirements Oversight Council\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who also serves as the co-chair of the Defense Acquisition Board. The other JROC members are the Vice Chiefs of each military service: Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Moreover, the JROC charters Functional Capabilities Boards. These boards are chaired by a JROC-designated chair and, for appropriate topics, co-chaired by a representative of the Milestone Decision Authority. Functional Capabilities Boards are the lead coordinating bodies to ensure that the joint force is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8324035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"strain in the relation between the civilian government and the military. The four-star admirals in the Pakistan Navy have been notably superseded by the junior army officers, in instances took place in 2005 when Adm. Karim was superseded by junior-most Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq and, in 2011 when Adm. Numan was bypassed in favor of Lt-Gen. Wynne. In 2014, the practice continued by the civil government when Adm. Asif Sandila was bypassed and overlooked when the junior most officer, Lt-Gen. Rashad Mahmood was eventually appointed as Chairman joint chiefs. Due to such preferential treatments given to army department, the retired\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee Admiral Sunil Lanba stated the heads of the three services had \\\"finally agreed on a permanent chief of staff committee,\\\" and the matter had been sent to the Defence Ministry for consideration. Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20972902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)\",\n \"text\": \"is also bound to protect classified information to protect the security interests of the country and its citizens both at home and abroad, whether they be civilian or military. Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11762845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D Roosevelt. It emerged from the meetings of the Arcadia Conference in Washington, from December 22, 1941 to January 14, 1942. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Prime Minister Churchill and his senior military staff used Arcadia an opportunity to lay out the general strategy for the war. The American Army Chief of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission () is the command organ and the headquarters for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was founded on January 11, 2016 under Xi Jinping's military reforms. It is under the absolute leadership of the Central Military Commission. The Department continues PLA Operations Command, Recruitments, Mobilizations, Formation, Trainings and Administration duties. Its Headquarters is located in Beijing and the current chief of Joint staff is General Li Zuocheng. The current deputy chiefs are Lt General\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19275402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)\",\n \"text\": \"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of the Naval Staff (( (reporting name as CNS), is a military appointment and a Statutory office held by the four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Naval Staff is one of the senior-most appointments in the Pakistan military who is one of the senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, providing senior consultation to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to act as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13200210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a lack of communication between the service branches, and therefore suggested to create a Chief of Defence Staff position. This was however rejected by many members of the military, arguing that only great or imperial powers engaging in power projection\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20972900\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\",\n \"text\": \"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Army Staff () (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Army Staff is a senior most appointment in the Pakistani military who is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, usually consulting with the Chairman joint chiefs to act as a military adviser to the Prime Minister and its civilian government in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9078637\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Forces Staff College\",\n \"text\": \"is to educate national security professionals in the planning and execution of joint, multinational, and interagency operations in order to instill a primary commitment to joint, multinational, and interagency teamwork, attitudes, and perspectives. In the 1930s, few officers were qualified, either by training or experience, to engage in joint operations. The demands of World War II brought out the urgent need for joint action by ground, sea, and air forces. To alleviate the friction and misunderstanding resulting from lack of joint experience, the Joint Chiefs of Staff established an Army and Navy Staff College (ANSCOL) in 1943. ANSCOL conducted a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8224332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army\",\n \"text\": \"position and became the coordinator deputy of the Chief Commander (). The position is currently held by Rear admiral Habibollah Sayyari, who is second-in-command and deputy of Major general Ataollah Salehi. Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (), acronymed SEMAJA (), is the chief of staff of Iran's regular military, Islamic Republic of Iran Army (\\\"Artesh\\\") with an aim to coordinate its four military branches. The Joint Staff has Central Provost and University of Command and Staff under control. From 1921 to 1998, \\\"Chairman of Chief of Staff\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19239228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Forces Staff College\",\n \"text\": \"four-month course that was successful in training officers for joint command and staff duties. ANSCOL, which had been established to meet the immediate needs of war, was discontinued upon its conclusion. A joint committee was appointed to prepare a directive for a new school. This directive, which was approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 28 June 1946, established the Armed Forces Staff College (AFSC). Responsibility for the operation and maintenance of its facilities was charged to the Chief of Naval Operations. Following a temporary residence in Washington, D.C., AFSC was established in Norfolk, Virginia, on August 13, 1946.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8224333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989\",\n \"text\": \"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989 At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the British Armed Forces structure was as follows: In 1989 the British Armed Forces had a peacetime strength of 311,600 men and defense expenditures were 4.09% of GDP. Joint establishments were tri-service units providing services to all three branches of the British Armed Forces/ The Defence Operations Executive, led by the Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) and including the Assistant Chiefs of the Naval, General, and Air Staffs, supervised the Joint Operations Centre which in turn passed orders to the forces\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20444199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"the Chief of the General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. The Chiefs of Staff Committee was initially established as a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence in 1923. It remained as such until the abolition of the CID upon the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The initial composition of the committee was the professional heads of the three services, the First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. Each service head took turns being chairman of the committee. During the Second World War the committee\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of Pakistan grew in size and political influence increased after the 1965 war with India. Though, the joint coordination mechanism was felt but no steps were taken. Precursors of this body can be found in East Pakistan when Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan became the Commander of the Eastern High Command. Law and order was significantly improved under Admiral Ahsan, but before the system fully evolved, Admiral Ahsan tendered his resignation amid political differences with the President Yahya Khan. As the crisis in East Pakistan progressed, following the intervention by India, the top military brass had the full control of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of the Romanian General Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the level of the General Staff. The Committee is a deliberative structure, having a consultative role. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee meets to discuss important topics with regard to the Romanian Armed Forces’ activity, usually quarterly or whenever necessary. The Chief of General Staff is also the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. The Gallery of the Chiefs of General Staff consists of 48 Flag and Commissioned Officers in the 1859–2006 timeframe. Chief of the Romanian General Staff The Chief of General Staff () is the highest professional military authority in the Romanian Armed Forces. He is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8341519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of the Defence Staff (Spain)\",\n \"text\": \"Minister of Defence and whose Chairmain was also the Chief of the General Staff. This body assumed all the functions of the EMP when it was suppressed. In 1984, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was institutionalized and the position of Chief of Defence Staff (JEMAD) was created, replacing the Chairman of the Board of Chiefs of Staff. At the same time, the Defence Staff was created to support the JEMAD. The Joint Chiefs of Staff was in force until 2005, when the new National Defence Organic Act created the National Defence Council as an advisory body to the Prime Minister\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17327424\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["colon powell","collin powell","secretary powell","coat of arms of colin powell","colin l. powell","general colin powell","colin l powell","general powell","balloonfoot","colin luther powell","colin powel","emily j. miller","colin powell","colonel powell"],"string":"[\n \"colon powell\",\n \"collin powell\",\n \"secretary powell\",\n \"coat of arms of colin powell\",\n \"colin l. powell\",\n \"general colin powell\",\n \"colin l powell\",\n \"general powell\",\n \"balloonfoot\",\n \"colin luther powell\",\n \"colin powel\",\n \"emily j. miller\",\n \"colin powell\",\n \"colonel powell\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":598,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who became leader of the bosnian serbs in 1992?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the multi-ethnic Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina – which was inhabited by mainly Muslim Bosniaks (44 percent), as well as Orthodox Serbs (32.5 percent) and Catholic Croats (17 percent) – passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992. This was rejected by the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs, who had boycotted the referendum. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence (which gained international recognition), the Bosnian Serbs, led by Radovan Karadžić and supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević and the","psg_id":"2930328"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the multi-ethnic Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina – which was inhabited by mainly Muslim Bosniaks (44 percent), as well as Orthodox Serbs (32.5 percent) and Catholic Croats (17 percent) – passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992. This was rejected by the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs, who had boycotted the referendum. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence (which gained international recognition), the Bosnian Serbs, led by Radovan Karadžić and supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930328\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War","text":"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against Serbs in the Operation Sana Beginning in 1991, political upheavals in the Balkans displaced about 2,700,000 people by mid-1992, of which over 700,000 of them sought asylum in other European countries. The methods used during the","psg_id":"15506681"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"such a referendum directly impacted \"the principles of equality among nations and nationalities\". Citizens of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina voted for independence in the referendum held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) and Bosnian Croat voters, while Bosnian Serbs largely boycotted the referendum or were prevented by Bosnian Serb authorities from participating. According to the SDS, independence would result in the Serbs becoming \"a national minority in an Islamic state\". It blocked the delivery of ballot boxes with armed irregular units and dropped leaflets encouraging a boycott, although","psg_id":"15589456"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the rise of ethnic tensions that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak and Bosnian Croat voters while Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum or were prevented from participating by Bosnian Serb authorities. The total turnout of voters was 63.4%, 99.7% of whom voted for independence. On 3 March, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and","psg_id":"15589446"},{"title":"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War","text":"clear distinction must be drawn between physical destruction and mere dissolution of a group. The expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice for genocide. — ECHR quoting the ICJ. Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against","psg_id":"15506689"},{"title":"Serbs in Mostar","text":"Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in 1992, during which a majority of them left. With the city's post-war division into Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) halves, very few Serbs have returned. As a result, its current Serb population, as registered by the 2013 census, numbers 4,421 or about 4.2% of the population of the town. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Serbs from Mostar were merchants and traders. They formed business communities in Vienna, Trieste, Novi Sad, in the Republic of Venice, as well","psg_id":"8879347"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"at the beginning of the Bosnian War in early 1992. Even before the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs began, another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje went unnoticed in the public. Eventually, the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs forced foreign journalists including Tom Gjelten to reconsider their initial judgement about Sarajevo being harmonious. Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one","psg_id":"20468809"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"population, and their number was 1,366,104. The total number of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina continued to reduce, especially after the Bosnian Civil War broke out in 1992. Soon, an exodus of Bosnian Serbs occurred when a large number of Serbs were expelled from central Bosnia, Ozren, Sarajevo, Western Herzegovina and Krajina. According to the 1996 census, made by UNHCR and officially unrecognized, there was 3,919,953 inhabitants, of which 1,484,530 (37.88%) were Serbs. In the territory of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the percentage of Serbs slightly changed, although,their total number reduced. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as","psg_id":"5277530"},{"title":"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War","text":"Bosnia along with VRS forces from 1992 up to 1995. In May 1995, the VRS Herzegovina Corps intended to organize an international brigade in eastern Bosnia which gathered between 150 and 600 Greek and Russian mercenaries fighting for 200 German marks monthly. The Greek Volunteer Guard, who were organized in March 1995 with around 100 soldiers, were reported to have taken part in the Srebrenica Massacre, with the Greek flag being hoisted in Srebrenica when the town fell to the Serbs. Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various","psg_id":"8859130"},{"title":"Bosnian language","text":"mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch. However, the constitution of refers to it as the \"Language spoken by Bosniaks\", because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name. Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools. Montenegro officially recognizes","psg_id":"1508071"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"been pouring into the country. The JNA armed Bosnian Serbs and the Croatian Defence Force the Herzegovinian Croats. The Bosnian Muslim Green Berets and Patriotic League were established already in fall 1991, and drew up a defense plan in February 1992. It was estimated that 250–300,000 Bosnians were armed, and that some 10,000 were fighting in Croatia. By March 1992, perhaps three quarters of the country were claimed by Serb and Croat nationalists. On 4 April 1992, when Izetbegović ordered all reservists and police in Sarajevo to mobilise, and SDS called for evacuation of the city's Serbs, came the 'definite","psg_id":"2930372"},{"title":"Foreign support in the Bosnian War","text":"arms smuggling. The TWRA received $350 million from deposits by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, Turkey, Brunei, Malaysia and Pakistan. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting","psg_id":"20384517"},{"title":"Battle of Kupres (1992)","text":"from Croatia following the implementation of the Vance plan, it was reorganised into a new Bosnian Serb army. This reorganisation followed the declaration of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This declaration was later cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. On 27 March,","psg_id":"17677456"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in November held a referendum about remaining within Yugoslavia. At the same time it issued the \"Instructions for the Organization and Activities of the Organs of the Serbian People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Emergency Conditions\" which told SDS officials to form Serb Municipal Assemblies and Crisis Staffs, secure supplies for Serbs, and create extensive communication networks. In January 1992, the assembly declared the creation of the Republic of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its secession. The Bosnian government declared the referendum an unconstitutional and self-proclaimed entity and it was","psg_id":"15589451"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) to later unify them to create a Greater Serbia. As early as September or October 1990, the JNA had begun to arm Bosnian Serbs and organize them into militias. That same year the JNA disarmed the Territorial Defense Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (TORBiH). By March 1991, the JNA had distributed an estimated 51,900 firearms to Serb paramilitaries and 23,298 firearms to the SDS. Throughout 1991 and early 1992, the SDS heavily Serbianized the police force in order to increase Serb political control. According to Noel Malcolm, the \"steps taken by Karadžić and","psg_id":"15589449"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"the minority due to the genocide conducted against it in World War II\", and it was declared to be a part of Yugoslavia. The Bosnian Serb assembly members advised Serbs to boycott the referendums held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. The turnout to the referendums was reported as 63.7%, with 92.7% of voters voting in favour of independence (implying that Bosnian Serbs, which made up approximately 34% of the population, largely boycotted the referendum). The Serb political leadership used the referenda as a pretext to set up roadblocks in protest. Independence was formally declared by the Bosnian parliament","psg_id":"2930355"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"commander Blaž Kraljević and incorporated into the HVO and ARBiH. The Army of Republika Srpska (\"\", VRS) was established on 12 May 1992. It was loyal to Republika Srpska, a Serb breakaway state that sought unification with FR Yugoslavia. Serbia provided logistical support, money and supplies to the VRS. Bosnian Serbs had made up a substantial part of the JNA officer corps. Milošević relied on the Bosnian Serbs to win the war themselves. Most of the command chain, weaponry, and higher-ranked military personnel, including General Ratko Mladić, were JNA. Various paramilitary units were operated during the Bosnian War: the Serb","psg_id":"2930367"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"of them ethnic Serbs. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a member State of the United Nations on 22 May 1992. From May to December 1992, the Bosnian Ministry of the Interior (BiH MUP), Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and later the Bosnian Territorial Defence Forces (TO RBiH) operated the Čelebići prison camp. It was used to detain 700 Bosnian Serb prisoners of war arrested during military operations that were intended to de-block routes to Sarajevo and Mostar in May 1992 that had earlier been blocked by Serb forces. Of these 700 prisoners, 13 died while in captivity.","psg_id":"2930380"},{"title":"1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo","text":"Serbs who the first casualties of the Bosnian War are. Bosniaks and Croats consider the first casualties of the war to be Suada Dilberović and Olga Sučić. Serbs consider Nikola Gardović, a groom's father who was killed at a Serb wedding procession on the second day of the referendum, on 1 March 1992 in Sarajevo's old town Baščaršija, to be the first victim of the war. 1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo On 5 April 1992, in response to events all over Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 people of all nationalities turned out for a peace rally in Sarajevo. Serb snipers in","psg_id":"18727932"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Srpska, while another 197,925 had gone to Serbia. According to the data of the Serbian Commissariat for Refugees, up to 1995 Serbia housed 266,000 refugees from Bosnia Herzegovina and a total of 70,000 refugees returned to the country of their origin. After the Yugoslav Wars Serbia became home to the highest number of refugees (which included Bosnian Serbs) and IDPs in Europe. Serbs massively left the capital Sarajevo in early 1996. The 2013 population census registered 1,086,733 Serbs or 30.8% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Serbs are the most territorially widespread nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.","psg_id":"5277521"},{"title":"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War","text":"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War Four major international peace plans were proposed before and during the Bosnian War by European Community (EC) and United Nations (UN) diplomats before the conflict was settled by the Dayton Agreement in 1995. The Bosnian war which lasted from 1992 to 1995 was fought among its three main ethnicities Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. Whilst the Bosniak plurality had sought a nation state solely for Bosniaks, the Croats had created an autonomous community that functioned independently of central Bosnian rule, and the Serbs declared independence for the region's eastern and northern regions","psg_id":"6771860"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"had convicted 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks of war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia. The most recent estimates suggest that around 100,000 people were killed during the war. Over 2.2 million people were displaced, making it the most devastating conflict in Europe since the end of World War II. In addition, an estimated 12,000–20,000 women were raped, most of them Bosniak. There is debate over the start date of the Bosnian War. Clashes between Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats started in late February 1992, and \"full-scale hostilities had broken out by 6 April\", the same","psg_id":"2930332"},{"title":"Bosnian mujahideen","text":"Croatia between the Croatian Army and the breakaway Serb Krajina. Meanwhile, the Bosnian Muslim leadership opted for independence. Serbs established autonomous provinces and Bosnian Croats took similar steps. The war broke out in April 1992. Muslim countries came to support the Bosnian Muslims and an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. Support came from Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other Muslim countries. There were also Islamist organizations and Muslim non-profit organizations and charitable trusts that supported the Bosnian Muslims. Muslim foreign fighters joined the Bosnian Muslim side. ICG estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters. Charles R. Shrader estimated up to 4,000. J.","psg_id":"11250952"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one of many exoduses of Serbs during Bosnian War. Right before this exodus there was another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje. Both of them preceded by massive exodus of more than 250,000 Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm which set precedents for the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs. It was reported on","psg_id":"20468805"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"on 3 March 1992. During the referendum on 1 March, Sarajevo was quiet except for a shooting on a Serbian wedding. The brandishing of Serbian flags in the Baščaršija was seen by Muslims as a deliberate provocation on the day of the referendum which was supported by most Bosnian Croats and Muslims but boycotted by most of the Bosnian Serbs. Nikola Gardović, the bridegroom's father was killed while a Serbian Orthodox priest was wounded. Witnesses identified the killer as Ramiz Delalić, also known as \"Celo\", a minor gangster who had become an increasingly brazen criminal since the fall of communism","psg_id":"2930356"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"the Serbs. Some individuals from other European countries volunteered to fight for the Croat side, including Neo-Nazis such as Jackie Arklöv, who was charged with war crimes upon his return to Sweden. Later he confessed he committed war crimes on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the Heliodrom and Dretelj camps as a member of Croatian forces. The Bosnians received support from Muslim groups. Pakistan supported Bosnia while providing technical and military support. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) allegedly ran an active military intelligence program during the Bosnian War which started in 1992 lasting until 1995. Executed and supervised by Pakistani General Javed","psg_id":"2930370"},{"title":"Migration of the Serbs","text":"with Leopold I, who was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, whereby the Habsburgs granted the Serbs ecclesiastic autonomy and some degree of self-administration, much to the displeasure of the Roman Catholic Church and Hungarian authorities. Leopold recognized Arsenije as the leader of Habsburg Serbs in both religious and secular affairs, and indicated that this power would be held by all future Archbishops. In 1712, Sremski Karlovci became the Patriarchate for Serbs living in the Habsburg Empire. In the early 1890s, Hungarian officials announced plans for a Budapest Millennium Exhibition to be held in 1896; it was intended to","psg_id":"18987129"},{"title":"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia","text":"Powers. This left them no choice but to join a union largely dominated by ethnic Serbs, which came to be known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Upon its creation, the state was composed of six million Serbs, 3.5 million Croats and 1 million Slovenes. Being the largest ethnic group, the Serbs favoured a centralized state, whereas Croats, Slovenes and Bosnian Muslims did not. Approved on 28 June 1921 and based on the Serbian constitution of 1903, the so-called Vidovdan Constitution established the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a parliamentary monarchy under the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty.","psg_id":"9043387"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"volunteers had attacked the predominantly Croat town of Ravno in September 1991, Bosnian Serb policemen fired upon Bosniak populated areas of Šipovo during which 3,000 Bosniaks fled, and Serb paramilitary units targeted Foča, Višegrad, Zvornik, Bijeljina, and other towns in east Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the month of recognition, the siege of Sarajevo began, by which time the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) controlled 70% of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the","psg_id":"15589460"},{"title":"Serbs in Mostar","text":"the city administration promised to set aside 100,000 KM (about 50,000 euros) for the reconstruction of the cathedral, and the Ministry of Culture of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity pledged 200,000 convertible marks (about 100,000 euros), while a local attorney, Faruk Ćupina (a Bosnian Muslim), was the first private citizen to donate any money - 10,000 convertible marks (about 5,000 euros). The estimated total cost of the project is 15 million convertible marks (about 7.5 million euros). Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in","psg_id":"8879354"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"of Croatia was created with many concessions on the Serbian side. Serbs in Dalmatia, Slavonia, Krajina and Posavina found themselves in a Croatian entity within Yugoslavia, while virtually no Croats remained in the Serbian federal entity in 1939. Most Bosnian Serbs supported federalist policies of Pribicevic during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Bosnian Serbs were put under the rule of the fascist Ustaša regime in the Independent State of Croatia. Under Ustaša rule Serbs along with Jews and Roma people, were subjected to systematic genocide where hundreds of thousands of civilian Serbs were murdered. According to the","psg_id":"5277507"},{"title":"Serbs of Croatia","text":"government. For example, lengthy and in some cases unfair proceedings, particularly in lower level courts, remain a major problem for Serbian returnees pursuing their rights in court. In addition, Serbs continue to be discriminated against in access to employment and in realizing other economic and social rights. Also some cases of violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs continue to be reported. The property laws allegedly favor Bosnian Croats refugees who took residence in houses that were left unoccupied and unguarded by Serbs after Operation Storm. Amnesty International's 2005 report considers one of the greatest obstacles to the return of thousands","psg_id":"6889178"},{"title":"Serbs of Croatia","text":"Serbs, or the Vlachs, who are commonly called the Serbs\"\". Tihomir Đorđević points to the already known fact that the name 'Vlach' didn't only refer to genuine Vlachs or Serbs but also to cattle breeders in general. In the Venetian documents from the late 16th and 17th centuries, the name \"Morlachs\" (another term of Vlachs, first mentioned in the 14th century) was used for immigrants from conquered territory previously of Croatian and Bosnian kingdoms by the Ottoman Empire. They were of both Orthodox and Catholic faith, settled inland of the coastal cities of Dalmatia, and entered the military service of","psg_id":"6889134"},{"title":"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War","text":"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various countries. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. The presence of foreign fighters is well documented, however none of these groups comprised more than 5 percent of any of the respective armies' total manpower strength. An estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters fought on the Bosnian side. The Bosnian","psg_id":"8859125"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"seated in Pale. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Carrington-Cutileiro peace plan), as did the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Bosniak political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently revoked the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country based on ethnic lines. The Bosnian Civil War began. Among the Serb population, the war is known as the \"Defensive Fatherland War\". Serbs and the Army of the Serb Republic (VRS) was outnumbered, outgunned, and isolated, faced","psg_id":"5277515"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"voluntarily or forced. Some authors explain that ethnic cleansing of Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm (silently supported by major powers like United States and Germany) set precedent for the exodus of 150,000 terrified suburban Sarajevo Serbs who did not feel that a Muslim-led Bosnian government or the outside world will guarantee their safety. The Western observers claimed that Serbs used mass exhumations during their exodus from Sarajevo to gain moral victory. Historian Peter Brock explained that even after the 1996 exodus, the Western media still refused to acknowledge the flight of tens of thousands of Sarajevo Serbs that occurred","psg_id":"20468808"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"in 1910, the winner was Serbian National Organization. On June 28, 1914, Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip made international headlines after assassinating Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo. This sparked World War I leading to Austria-Hungary's defeat and the incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During WWI, Serbs in Bosnia were often blamed for the outbreak of the war, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and were subjected to persecution by the Austro-Hungarian authorities, including internment and looting of their businesses, by people who were instigated to ethnic violence. Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs served in Montenegrin and","psg_id":"5277501"},{"title":"Bosnian language","text":"only legitimate name is \"Bosnian\" language (\"\"), and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name \"Bosnian\" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while Bosnian Croats and Serbs reject that designation for their idioms. The language is called \"Bosnian language\" in the 1995 Dayton Accords and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN), and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian","psg_id":"1508067"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини / \"Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini\") are one of the three constitutive nations (State-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska. In the other entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs form the majority in Drvar, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Serbs (Serbian and Bosnian: Босански Срби / \"Bosanski Srbi\") in English, regardless of whether they are from Bosnia or Herzegovina. They are also known by regional names such","psg_id":"5277474"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"against regular Croatian Army (HV), Croatian Defense Council (HVO), mainly Muslim Army of Bosnia & Herzegovina (ABiH), forces of Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia and NATO airstrikes. Furthermore, Serbs faced weapons embargo, and sanctions from the Western countries, Russia, and even Serbia and FR Yugoslavia under Slobodan Milosevic, who instituted sanctions against the Serb Republic in 1993. Milosevic supported every single peace plan the International Community proposed, even those which did not presuppose the existence of the Serb Republic. Throughout most of the war the Bosnian Serbs fought against both the Bosniaks (\"Muslims\") and the Bosnian Croats. During Bosniak-Croat hostilities","psg_id":"5277516"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"for raping two Serbian women. Bosnian commander Sefer Halilović was charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war on the basis of superior criminal responsibility of the incidents during Operation Neretva '93 and found not guilty. Serbs have accused Sarajevo authorities of practicing selective justice by actively prosecuting Serbs while ignoring or downplaying Bosniak war crimes. Dario Kordić, political leader of Croats in Central Bosnia, was convicted of the crimes against humanity in Central Bosnia i.e. ethnic cleansing and sentenced to 25 years in prison. On 29 May 2013, in a first instance verdict, the","psg_id":"2930451"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"joined the programme in December 2006. Currently, there are several Serbian political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Srpska. The Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), and Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) are the most popular parties. SDS was founded in 1990 and is major political parties among Bosnian Serbs, being the most powerful during the Bosnian Civil War (1992–1995). SNSD was founded on pro-European, democratic, federalist, socialist principles, but has later on switched its tendencies into populism and pro-Russian external policies. PDP is Christian democratic, traditionalist, conservative and pro-Europeanist political party. Cultural","psg_id":"5277535"},{"title":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)","text":"arms embargo. Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden.","psg_id":"11969845"},{"title":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)","text":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden. After initially","psg_id":"11969838"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"championship while sons Vanja and Nikola became Olympic champions with Serbian team. Other players that represented Serbia with success are Đorđe Đurić, Brankica Mihajlović, Tijana Bošković, Jelena Blagojević, Sanja and Saša Starović. Besides team sports, Bosnian Serbs achieved success and in individual sports such as Slobodan and Tadija Kačar in boxing, Radomir Kovačević, Nemanja Majdov and Aleksandar Kukolj in judo, Milenko Zorić in canoeing, Velimir Stjepanović in swimming, Andrea Arsović in shooting, Andrea Petkovic in tennis, Draženko Mitrović in paralympic athletics, etc. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини /","psg_id":"5277554"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"to Bosnian-Muslim forces, as well as allowed Iranian-supplied arms to transit through Croatia to Bosnia. However, in light of widespread NATO opposition to American (and possibly Turkish) endeavors in coordinating the \"black flights of Tuzla\", the United Kingdom and Norway expressed disapproval of these measures and their counterproductive effects on NATO enforcement of the arms embargo. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence also played an active role during 1992–1995 and secretly supplied the Muslim fighters with arms, ammunition and guided anti tank missiles to give them a fighting chance against the Serbs. Pakistan defied the UN's ban on supply of arms to Bosnian","psg_id":"2930363"},{"title":"Bosnian genocide","text":"murdered and the remainder of the population (between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly people) was forced to leave the area. If a wider definition is used, then the number is much larger. According to the ICTY Demographic Unit, an estimated 69.8% or 25,609 of the civilians killed in the war were Bosniak (with 42,501 military deaths), with the Bosnian Serbs suffering 7,480 civilian casualties (15,299 military deaths), the Bosnian Croats suffering 1,675 civilian casualties (7,183 military deaths), amounting to a total of 104,732 casualties, spread between the Bosnian Croats (8.5%), Bosnian Serbs (21.7%), Bosniaks (65%), and others","psg_id":"4552023"},{"title":"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)","text":"referendum was in favor of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, but of Bosnian Serbs, therefore the Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum. The turnout was 64.3% of which 99.7% of the votes were in favor of the Bosnian independence, thus on March 3 1992 the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegovic declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Yugoslav People's Army had a concept of \"Total National Defence\", which gave the army a role to defend the borders from aggressors. According to some sources, the higher officials of the Yugoslav People's Army stated","psg_id":"20962971"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"memoirs suggest that Milošević planned for an attack on Bosnia well in advance. On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serbs proclaimed the \"Republic of the Serbian People in Bosnia-Herzegovina\" (SR BiH, later Republika Srpska), but did not officially declare independence. The Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in its 11 January 1992 Opinion No. 4 on Bosnia and Herzegovina stated that the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina should not be recognised because the country had not yet held a referendum on independence. On 25 January 1992, an hour after the session of parliament was adjourned, the parliament called","psg_id":"2930352"},{"title":"Serbs in Sarajevo","text":"Serbs in Sarajevo The Serbs of Sarajevo numbered 157,526 according to the 1991 census, making up more than 30% of the Sarajevo Metropolitan area (10 pre-war municipalities; Centar, Stari Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Novi Grad, Ilidza, Ilijas, Vogosca, Hadzici, Trnovo, and Pale. Today, following the Bosnian War, few Serbs remain in central areas of Sarajevo; however, many parts of the pre-war metropolitan area are now forming the city of East Sarajevo in Republika Srpska; namely, Pale RS, East Ilidza, East Novo Sarajevo, Trnovo RS, and East Stari Grad. Forcefully, most have either moved abroad, to Serbia or other countries, or moved","psg_id":"8952368"},{"title":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)","text":"the arms embargo, so that they could arm their army to resist the Serbs. Izetbegović and other Bosniak politicians also claimed that the embargo was an illegal violation of the Bosnian right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Starting in 1992, a number of US foreign policy experts and politicians began to warm to the idea of lifting the arms embargo to even the playing field, and a number advocated air strikes against the Serbs, as they were perceived to be the principal aggressors. In July 1992, Bill Clinton adopted the idea of lift and strike as","psg_id":"11969842"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"sanctions after the National Assembly of Republika Srpska refused the Vance-Owen peace plan. In 1995, Operation Storm eliminated the Republic of Serbian Krajina. The Croatian Army continued the offensive into Republika Srpska. Some 250,000 Serbs fled to Republika Srpska and Serbia from Croatia, as the Serb side continued a full retreat of Serbs from the Una to the Sana river. The Croatian Army, supported by Bosnian government forces came within 20 km of the \"de facto\" Bosnian Serb capital, Banja Luka, but were halted by Serbian defenders near Prijedor and throughout Bosnian Krajina, when their airplanes could finally fly without","psg_id":"5277519"},{"title":"History of the Serbs","text":"1914, a young Bosnian Serb student named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, which directly contributed to the outbreak of World War I. In the fighting that ensued, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary. Despite being outnumbered, the Serbs subsequently defeated the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer, which marked the first Allied victory over the Central Powers in the war. Further victories at the battles of Kolubara and the Drina meant that Serbia remained unconquered as the war entered its second year. However, an invasion by the forces of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria overwhelmed the Serbs in the","psg_id":"6516519"},{"title":"Bosnian nationalism","text":"respectively. Nevertheless, in part due to the dominant standing held in the previous centuries by the native Muslim population in Ottoman Bosnia, a sense of Bosnian nationhood was cherished mainly by Muslim Bosnians, while fiercely opposed by nationalists from Serbia and Croatia who were instead opting to claim the Bosnian Muslim population as their own, a move that was rejected by most Bosnian Muslims. In an article of the journal \"Bošnjak\" (\"The Bosniak\"), Bosniak author and mayor of Sarajevo Mehmed-beg Kapetanović declared that Bosnian Muslims were neither Croats nor Serbs but a distinct, though related, people: Upon the founding of","psg_id":"12003488"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"thousands of Serbs in larger cities voted for independence. There were bombings and shootings throughout the voting period. Voter turnout was 63.4 percent, of whom 99.7 percent voted for independence. However, the referendum failed to attain the constitutionally-required two-thirds majority since only 63.4 percent of eligible voters participated. On 3 March, Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian parliament ratified his action. On 4 March United States Secretary of State James Baker urged the EEC to recognize Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on 6 March Izetbegović requested international recognition. On 10 March, a","psg_id":"15589457"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Serbian army en masse, as they felt loyalty to the overall pan-Serbian cause. Bosnian Serbs also served in Austrian Army, and were loyal to Austria-Hungary when it came to Italian Front, but they often deserted and switched sides when they were sent to the Russian front, or to Serbian Front. Many Serbs supported the advance of fellow Montenegrin Serb Army, when it entered into Herzegovina, and advanced close to Sarajevo in 1914, as the King of Montenegro, King Nicholas I Petrovich-Njegos was very popular among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs because of his pan-Serbian and Serbian nationalist views and help during","psg_id":"5277502"},{"title":"History of the Serbs","text":"The Bosnian War ended that same year, with the Dayton Agreement dividing the country along ethnic lines. In 1998–99, a conflict in Kosovo between the Yugoslav Army and Albanians seeking independence erupted into full-out war, resulting in a 78-day-long NATO bombing campaign which effectively drove Yugoslav security forces from Kosovo. Subsequently, more than 200,000 Serbs and other non-Albanians fled the province. On 5 October 2000, Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosević was overthrown in a bloodless revolt after he refused to admit defeat in the 2000 Yugoslav general election. The Serbian Revival refers to a period in the history of the Serbs","psg_id":"6516524"},{"title":"Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration","text":"pharmaceutical factory at Khartoum (the capital of Sudan) and several alleged terrorist camps in Afghanistan—were involved in terrorist activities. Much of the focus of Clinton's foreign policy during his first term was the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a nation in southeastern Europe that had declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1992. This declaration was the catalyst of a war between Bosnian Serbs, who wanted Bosnia to remain in the Yugoslav federation, and Bosnian Muslims and Croats. The Bosnian Serbs, who were supported by Serbia, were better equipped than the Muslims and the Croats; as a result, they populated and","psg_id":"9053585"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"States would grant recognition to Bosnia as an independent state. What is indisputable is that Izetbegovic, that same day, withdrew his signature and renounced the agreement\". In late March 1992, there was fighting between Serbs and combined Croat and Bosniak forces in and near Bosanski Brod, resulting in the killing of Serb villagers in Sijekovac. Serb paramilitaries committed the Bijeljina massacre, most of the victims of which were Bosniaks, on 1–2 April 1992. There were three factions in the Bosnian War: The three ethnic groups predominantly supported their respective ethnic or national faction. Bosniaks mainly the ARBiH, Croats the HVO,","psg_id":"2930359"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"inhabited mainly by Serbs, who were either Orthodox by faith or followers of an Orthodox sect of Bogomil. Heading 32 of De Administrando Imperio of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, is called \"On the Serbs and the lands in which they live\". It speaks of the territories inhabited by Serbs in which he mentions Bosnia, specifically two inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, both of which are in an unidentified geographic position. Austria-Hungary pursued a demographic policy of reducing the Serbian population and trying to erase their identity, converting it to a \"Bosnian nationhood\", therefore, Austrian population census only had religious affiliation as a","psg_id":"5277523"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"day that the United States and European Economic Community (EEC) recognised Bosnia and Herzegovina. Misha Glenny gives a date of 22 March, Tom Gallagher gives 2 April, while Mary Kaldor and Laura Silber and Allan Little give 6 April. Philip Hammond, currently the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, claimed that the most common view is that the war started on 6 April 1992. Serbs consider the Sarajevo wedding shooting, when a groom's father was killed on the second day of the Bosnian independence referendum, 1 March 1992, to have been the first victim of the war. The Sijekovac killings of","psg_id":"2930333"},{"title":"Snagovo massacre","text":"Snagovo massacre The Snagovo massacre refers to the mass killing of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians by Serbs on 29 April 1992 in the village Snagovo, located in the municipality of Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The massacre occurred at the start of the Bosnian War. Snagovo was among the hardest hit villages at the start of the Bosnian War in 1992. Between April and June 1992, Serbs ethnically cleansed the village of its Bosnian Muslim residents. On 29 April 1992, Serbs captured a group of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians who were hiding in the woods in Snagovo and took them to","psg_id":"18733376"},{"title":"Serbs","text":"the 19th century, some Serbs converted to Protestantism, while historically some Serbs were Catholics (especially in Dalmatia; e.g. Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik). The remainder of Serbs remain predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christians. Among the most notable national and ethnic symbols are the flag of Serbia and the coat of arms of Serbia. The flag consists of a red-blue-white tricolour, rooted in Pan-Slavism, and has been used since the 19th century. Apart from being the national flag, it is also used officially in Republika Srpska (by Bosnian Serbs) and as the official ethnic flag of Croatian Serbs. The coat of arms, which","psg_id":"699159"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"professor Dino Murtić emphasized that exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was massive and planned and that Bosnian president Izetbegović initially demonstrated indifference about it stating that the people of Sarajevo \"finally deserved to be free of their murderers\". After some time, Izetbegović called Serbs to stay in Sarajevo. Some Serbs exhumated the graves of their ancestors from Sarajevo graveyards to graveyards near their new accommodation. Some authors believed that all involved parties in Bosnia were responsible for the mass exodus of Sarajevo Serbs, including the officials of Republika Srpska. For some authors it was difficult to determine if this exodus was","psg_id":"20468807"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"of Bosnia & Herzegovina, therefore not changing internat district borders of Bosnia. Bosnian Serbs constituted around a half of the total Bosnian population, but they constituted a vast territorial majority and have unilaterally proclaimed union with Serbia, for the second time in modern history, now in 1918. In total, 42 out of 54 municipalities in Bosnia & Herzegovina proclaimed union(annexation to) Serbia, without the approval of „People's Yugoslav“ government in Sarajevo, without even consulting them, in 1918. The regime of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was characterized by limited parliamentarism, and ethnic tensions, mainly between Croats and Serbs. The state of","psg_id":"5277504"},{"title":"Origin hypotheses of the Serbs","text":"Serbia in what is now Saxony (eastern Germany) and western Poland). After the Hunnic leader Attila died (in 453), Alanian Serbi presumably became independent and ruled in the east of the river Saale (in modern-day Germany) over the local Slavic population. Over time, they, it is argued, intermarried with the local Slavic population of the region, adopted Slavic language, and transferred their name to the Slavs. According to Tadeuš Sulimirski, similar event could occur in the Balkans or Serbs who settled in the Balkans were Slavs who came from the north and who were ruled by already slavicized Alans. Deformed","psg_id":"5233465"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"nation. At the end of the 19th century, Bosnian Serbs founded various reading, cultural and singing societies, and at the beginning of the 20th century, a new Bosnian Serb intelligentsia played a major role in the political life of Serbs. One of the major Serbian cultural and national organizations was Prosvjeta, \"Bosanska Vila\" and \"Zora\", among others. Serbian national organizations were focused on the preservation of Serbian language, history and culture. First Serbian Sokol societies on the present territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were founded in the late 19th century by intellectuals. Stevan Žakula, is remembered as a prominent worker","psg_id":"5277499"},{"title":"Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)","text":"internal unit of the FRY, in which Serbian President Milošević seemed to have more influence on federal politics than the Yugoslav President (the first federal president, Dobrica Ćosić was forced to resign for opposing Milošević). The Milosevic government did not have official territorial claims on the Republic of Macedonia. Others have claimed that Milosevic only advocated self-determination of self-proclaimed Serbs who wished to remain in Yugoslavia. During the Yugoslav Wars in Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, Milošević supported Serb separatists who wished to secede from these newly created states. This support extended to controversial figures such as Bosnian Serb leader","psg_id":"11388088"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"is 44.40% of total Bosnian population. According to the 1961 census, Serbs made up 42.89% of total population, and their number was 1,406,053. After that, districts were divided into smaller municipalities. According to the 1971 census, Serbs were 37,19% of total population, and their number was 1,393,148. According to the 1981 census, Serbs made up 32,02% of total population, and their number was 1,320,738. After 1981, their percentage continued to reduce. From 1971 to 1991, the percentage of Serbs fell due to emigration into Montenegro, Serbia, and Western Europe. According to the 1991 census, Serbs were 31.21% of the total","psg_id":"5277529"},{"title":"Bosnian mujahideen","text":"the phenomenon of Wahhabism in Bosnia concluded that despite Bosnian Serb and Serbian media reports of terrorist cells, the risk of a terrorist attack in Bosnia and Herzegovina 'is not higher than in other parts of the world'. Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \"mujāhid\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and","psg_id":"11250980"},{"title":"Operation Tiger (1992)","text":"Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) was deployed to Croatia to supervise and maintain the agreement. The conflict largely passed on to entrenched positions and the JNA retreated from Croatia into Bosnia and Herzegovina, where a new conflict was anticipated. Serbia continued to support the RSK after the JNA pullout. As the JNA disengaged from Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army; Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992. Between 29 February and 1 March 1992, a referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovinawhich would later be cited as a","psg_id":"17130211"},{"title":"Bosnian genocide denial","text":"\"killing (of) Bosnian-Muslim soldiers\" and even that was in response to the \"killing of over 2,000 Serb civilians, mostly women and children, at the location by Bosnian-Muslim army\", and that the numbers of executed Bosnian-Muslim soldiers \"were probably in the order of between 500 and 1,000 (...) (i)n other words, less than half of the number of Serbs civilians killed before July, 1995\". For this complete reversal of reality they rely on and cite informations provided by another independent researcher Diana Johnstone, who herself never set foot in Bosnia, without a shadow of a doubt or critical examination into evidence","psg_id":"20120331"},{"title":"Bosnian mujahideen","text":"Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \"mujāhid\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and Croat forces. Mostly they came from North Africa, the Near East and the Middle East. Estimates of their numbers vary from 500–5,000. In the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. War broke out in","psg_id":"11250951"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Serbs were forced to relocate to Serbia proper, Montenegro and Vojvodina. Having lived throughout much of Bosnia-Herzegovina prior to the Bosnian War, the majority now live in the Republika Srpska. According to the report by the Bosnia and Herzegovina statistics office, on the census of 2013 there were 1,086,733 Serbs living in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs settled the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. According to \"De Administrando Imperio\" (ca. 960), the Serbs had settled what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina. They inhabited and ruled \"Serbia\", which included \"Bosnia\" (with two inhabited cities; Kotor and Desnik), and \"Rascia\", and","psg_id":"5277476"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"persons within Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, at 588,000. Serbia took in 252,130 refugees from Bosnia, while other former Yugoslav republics received a total of 148,657 people. In June 1992, the Bosnian Serbs started Operation Vrbas 92 and Operation Corridor 92. The reported deaths of twelve newborn babies in Banja Luka hospital due to a shortage of bottled oxygen for incubators was cited as an immediate cause for the action, but the veracity of these deaths has since been questioned. Borisav Jović, a contemporary high-ranking Serbian official and member of the Yugoslav Presidency, has claimed that the report was just wartime","psg_id":"2930383"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"rupture between the Bosnian government and Serbs'. Bosnia and Herzegovina received international recognition on 6 April 1992. The most common view is that the war started that day. The war in Bosnia escalated in April. On 3 April, the Battle of Kupres began between the JNA and a combined HV-HVO force that ended in a JNA victory. On 6 April Serb forces began shelling Sarajevo, and in the next two days crossed the Drina from Serbia proper and besieged Muslim-majority Zvornik, Višegrad and Foča. All of Bosnia was engulfed in war by mid-April. On 23 April, the JNA evacuated its","psg_id":"2930373"},{"title":"Republika Srpska (1992–95)","text":"municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (including regions described as \"places in which the Serbian people remained in the minority due to the genocide conducted against them during World War II\"), and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. From 29 February to 2 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. The majority of Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serbian people in the Bosnian parliament. On 6 April 1992,","psg_id":"6400385"},{"title":"Battle of Orašje","text":"of Bosnia and Herzegovina that took place between 29 February and 1 March 1992. This declaration would later be cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March 1992. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the final days of March, Bosnian Serb forces bombarded Bosanski Brod with artillery, resulting in a cross-border operation by the Croatian Army (\"Hrvatska vojska\" – HV) 108th Brigade. On 4 April 1992, JNA artillery began shelling Sarajevo. There","psg_id":"18071197"},{"title":"Bosnian Muslim Republic","text":"Bosnian Muslim Republic A Bosnian Muslim Republic, that is, consolidation of Bosniak-inhabited territories into a Bosniak nation-state, was proposed during the Bosnian War when plans for the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made. It would either be established as one of three ethnic states in a loose confederation, or as an independent \"Muslim state\" in the area controlled by the Bosnian Army, as proposed by Islamists. Thus, the Bosniak-inhabited territories or Bosnian Army-controlled area (the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) would become a Bosniak state, as Republika Srpska was for the Bosnian Serbs and Herzeg-Bosnia for the Bosnian Croats.","psg_id":"19539778"},{"title":"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)","text":"Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. And two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo. During the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, the Bosnian Serbs living in Bosnia held a referendum for independence and in January 1992 they formed the Republic of Srpska, also known as the Serb Republic. The main goal of the newly formed Serb Republic was to unify with Serbia and Montenegro in one state for the Serb ethnic groups. Bosnia did not recognize the referendum held by the Bosnian Serbs, and then between February 29 and March 1 a new referendum took place, for the independence of Bosnia. The","psg_id":"20962970"},{"title":"Serbs of Montenegro","text":"a recognised minority language along with Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian. Since 2006, both in linguistic and other aspects of cultural life, ethnic Serbs of Montenegro have been exposed to gradual \"non-coercive\" Montenegrinisation. The Serbs are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the strongest religious institution of Montenegro (with a total of 460,383 followers or 74%). One of the largest places of worship is the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in Podgorica. The future of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro has been threatened by the newly formed Montenegrin Orthodox Church which has claimed Serbian Orthodox churches in Montenegro, and","psg_id":"19175870"},{"title":"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War","text":"ethnic power-sharing on all administrative levels and the devolution of central government to local ethnic communities. However, all Bosnia-Herzegovina's districts would be classified as Bosniak, Serb or Croat under the plan, even where no ethnic majority was evident. In later negotiations, there were compromises about changing district borders. On 3 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina was declared independent following a referendum held days earlier on February 29 and 1 March. On 11 March 1992, the Assembly of the Serb People of Republika Srpska (the self-proclaimed parliament of the Bosnian Serbs) unanimously rejected the original peace plan, putting forth their own","psg_id":"6771862"},{"title":"Foreign support in the Bosnian War","text":"Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting the Bosnian Muslims were Al-Qaeda (including Bosnian branch), Harkat ul-Ansar, Refah Party, Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, and others. Among foreign non-profit organizations and charitable trusts were the Saudi Benevolence International Foundation (Al-Qaeda) and al-Haramain Foundation (Al-Qaeda-associated), the Turkish IHH, and others. The Third World Relief Agency (TWRA) based in Vienna was the \"main financier and mediator\" in the","psg_id":"20384516"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"in relation to the former, or any other, Yugoslavia\". Jović's memoirs show that Milošević had on 5 December 1991 ordered for the JNA troops in BiH to be reorganised, its non-Bosnian personnel to be withdrawn, in case recognition would result in the perceival of the JNA as a foreign force; left would be Bosnian Serbs to form the nucleus of a Bosnian Serb army. Accordingly, by the end of the month the JNA in BiH had only 10–15% from outside the republic. Silber and Little note that Milošević secretly ordered all Bosnian-born JNA soldiers to be transferred to BiH. Jović's","psg_id":"2930351"},{"title":"The Maniacs","text":"and other cities across Yugoslavia. After the breakeup of Yugoslavia and when Bosnian War start, Grbavica a quarter of the city of Sarajevo where Grbavica Stadium is located was on front lines of battle between Bosnian army and Bosnian Serbs forces. Many members of \"The Maniacs\" joined Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Zelene beretke. One of them was Dževad Begić-Đilda. He was one of the founders and leader of The Maniacs. Dževad Begić was killed 1992 by sniper shot when he was trying to save wounded civilians. The most important day of every \"Maniac\" is 2","psg_id":"16208960"},{"title":"Museum of Serbs of Croatia","text":"Museum of Serbs of Croatia Museum of Serbs of Croatia (, ) was a public museum in Zagreb, which was specialized in history of Serbs of Croatia. Museum existed from 1946 till 1963 when it became part of Croatian History Museum. Today, part of the material is kept in Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana, part in Prosvjeta, some in Museum of Croatian History and part of them were destroyed in mining of Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana on 11 April 1992 during War in Croatia. In 2009, on 65 anniversary of Prosvjeta, organization has launched an","psg_id":"17263151"},{"title":"Serbs of Montenegro","text":"a Montenegrin because I am a Serb, but a Serb because I am a Montenegrin. We Montenegrins are the salt of the Serbs. All the strength of the Serbs is not here [in Montenegro] but their soul is.\" Djilas also has said \"The Montenegrins are, despite provincial and historical differences, quintessentially Serbs, and Montenegro the cradle of Serbian myths and of aspirations for the unification of Serbs.\". After the secession of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in 1991 and 1992, SR Montenegro held the Montenegrin referendum in 1992 which ended with a 95.96% of votes in favour for","psg_id":"19175863"},{"title":"Bosnian Australians","text":"Bosnian Australians Bosnian Australians are Australian citizens of Bosnian ancestry or Bosnia and Herzegovina-born people who reside in Australia. According to the 2011 Australian census 39,440 Australians were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The vast majority of Bosnian migrants began arriving in Australia during and after the Bosnian War which took place between April 1992 and December 1995. There were smaller waves after World War II and again in the 1960s and 1970s. Bosnian migrants who arrived in Australia in the 1960s made important contributions to modern-day Australia through their role in the construction of the Snowy Mountains Scheme in","psg_id":"9272057"},{"title":"History of the Serbs","text":"and Lazar Hrebeljanović holding today's Central Serbia and a portion of Kosovo. Hrebeljanović was subsequently accepted as the titular leader of the Serbs because he was married to a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. In 1389, the Serbs faced the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo on the plain of Kosovo Polje, near the town of Pristina. Both Lazar and Sultan Murad I were killed in the fighting. The battle most likely ended in a stalemate, and Serbia did not fall to the Turks until 1459. There exists 30 Serbian chronicles from the period between 1390 and 1526. The Serbs","psg_id":"6516513"},{"title":"Bosnian Americans","text":"remained an important center for Bosnian Muslim religious activity, serving Bosnians and non-Bosnian Muslims in the Chicago metropolitan area. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 brought the largest influx of Bosnians to St Louis, which became the most popular United States destination for Bosnian refugees. It is estimated that 40,000 refugees moved to the St. Louis area in the 1990s and early 2000s, bringing the total St. Louis Bosnian population to some 70,000. In Chicago, the Bosnian community has largely settled in the northern part of the city, between Lawrence and Howard, from Clark to Lake","psg_id":"9701124"},{"title":"Bosnian nationalism","text":"\"Islamic Declaration\" that called for an Islamic renewal amongst Bosniaks, Izetbegović was arrested by Yugoslav state authorities in 1983 on allegations that he was promoting a purely Muslim Bosnia, and served five years in prison. In 1990, Izetbegović and others founded the Party of Democratic Action, that became the main Bosniak party in the Bosnian parliament. The eruption of the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995 strengthened Bosnian Muslim identity. In 1993, \"Bosniak\" was officially revived as the ethnic or national designation to replace \"Muslim by nationality\" employed by the Yugoslav authorities. Bosnian nationalism Bosnian nationalism or Bosniandom ( /","psg_id":"12003492"},{"title":"Serbs in Hungary","text":"Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. About two-thirds of the Serbs (called \"optants\") left Hungary in the following decade. Almost the whole Serb population of Sárok, Deszk, Újszentiván, Szőreg, Majs and Dunaszekcső became optants. In 1910, 26,248 people in the territory of present-day Hungary spoke Serbian language. In 1920, number of Serbian speakers was 17,132, in 1930 7,031, in 1941 5,442, in 1970 11,177, in 1980 3,426, in 1990 2,953, 2001 3,388 and in 2011 3,708(compared with 7,210 declared Serbs in the same year). Small Serb communities are scattered in the southern part of the country. There are also some Serbs who","psg_id":"8496611"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"labor, jizya, harsh taxation and slavery. Although their percentage in the overall population decreased, Orthodox Serbs managed to stay a relative majority in their land, and constitute a territorial majority within the territory of contemporary Bosnia, as Orthodox Serbs were traditionally a rural population within Bosnia, while Muslims were more often an urban populace, due to their services as city guards and traders. Bosnian Serbs often rebelled against Ottoman rule. The Serb Uprising of 1596–97 was suppressed at Gacko. It was a part of a broader Serb struggle against the Ottomans, in support of Austria and Venice. In 1809, Jančić's","psg_id":"5277492"},{"title":"Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia","text":"support for the development of the Republic of Macedonia as a multiethnic, free-market orientated democracy. It has traditional base of members and supporters in the regions of Skopska Crna Gora inhabited by Serbs, among Serbs in the cities of Skopje and Kumanovo and among other minor communities of Serbs in other areas of the Republic of Macedonia. From the inception of political pluralism in the Republic of Macedonia, it is by far the most representative political option for Serbs in this state and since the 2001 change of party leadership, its preferred political partner is VMRO-DPMNE, current leader of parliamentary","psg_id":"5240611"},{"title":"Christophe Caze","text":"Christophe Caze Christophe Caze (22 October 1969–29 March 1996) was a French terrorist and criminal, a former medical student in Lille, France. Caze was one of France's foremost terrorists. Caze was raised Catholic. A medical student, he travelled to Bosnia in 1992 to practice medicine, working at the Zenica hospital. He converted into Islam and joined the Bosnian mujahideen in the Bosnian War, a unit that fought Jihad against Serbs. He became an extremist, and is reported to have played football with heads of decapitated Serbs. Abu Hamza al-Masri, who was a Bosnian mujahideen, was the religious guide of Christophe","psg_id":"6092935"},{"title":"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia","text":"Jasenovac, marching women and children to death, and shooting most of the remaining male inmates, then torched buildings and documents before fleeing. The Ustashe viewed religion and nationality as closely linked; while Roman Catholicism and Islam (Bosnian Muslims were viewed as Croats) were recognized as Croatian national religions, Eastern Orthodoxy was deemed inherently incompatible with the Croatian state project. They saw Orthodoxy as hostile because it was identified as Serb. On 3 May 1941 a law was passed on religious conversions, pressuring Serbs to convert to Catholicism and thereby adopt Croat identity. This was made on the eve of Pavelić's","psg_id":"9043405"},{"title":"Swedish Serbs","text":"particular skills were deficient within Sweden, as migrant workers (called \"Arbetskraftsinvandring\", see \"gastarbeiter\"). During the 1960s and 1970s, agreements were signed with the government of Yugoslavia to help Sweden overcome its severe labour shortage. Bosnian and Croatian Serbs migrated in another wave during and after the Yugoslav wars. Another wave of Kosovo Serbs came during the Kosovo war in 1999. The Swedish census data includes country of birth, but does not include ethnicity, descendants or naturalized people, thus, the total number of ethnic Serbs in Sweden is hard to define. Various estimations include: 80,000; 110,000; 120,000; and 140,000. Aco Dragićević,","psg_id":"12195717"},{"title":"Bosnian genocide","text":"overturned by the appeals chamber, which narrowed the crime of genocide only to Srebrenica. On 16 June 2004, in \"Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević: Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal\", the ICTY Trial Chamber refused to acquit former Serbian president Slobodan Milošević on the same grounds, and ruled: On 26 February 2007, however, in the Bosnian genocide case, the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ) found that there was no evidence linking Serbia under the rule of Milošević to genocide committed by Bosnian Serbs in the Bosnian War. However, the court did find that Milošević and others in Serbia","psg_id":"4551997"},{"title":"Battle of Kupres (1994)","text":"and villages were intermittently attacked by artillery, or missiles. As the JNA disengaged in Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army, as Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina—which would later be cited as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs set up barricades in the capital, Sarajevo and elsewhere on 1 March, and the next day the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the","psg_id":"17094072"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against Serbs in the Operation Sana Beginning in 1991, political upheavals in the Balkans displaced about 2,700,000 people by mid-1992, of which over 700,000 of them sought asylum in other European countries. The methods used during the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15506681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"such a referendum directly impacted \\\"the principles of equality among nations and nationalities\\\". Citizens of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina voted for independence in the referendum held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) and Bosnian Croat voters, while Bosnian Serbs largely boycotted the referendum or were prevented by Bosnian Serb authorities from participating. According to the SDS, independence would result in the Serbs becoming \\\"a national minority in an Islamic state\\\". It blocked the delivery of ballot boxes with armed irregular units and dropped leaflets encouraging a boycott, although\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the rise of ethnic tensions that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak and Bosnian Croat voters while Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum or were prevented from participating by Bosnian Serb authorities. The total turnout of voters was 63.4%, 99.7% of whom voted for independence. On 3 March, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589446\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"clear distinction must be drawn between physical destruction and mere dissolution of a group. The expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice for genocide. — ECHR quoting the ICJ. Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15506689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Mostar\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in 1992, during which a majority of them left. With the city's post-war division into Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) halves, very few Serbs have returned. As a result, its current Serb population, as registered by the 2013 census, numbers 4,421 or about 4.2% of the population of the town. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Serbs from Mostar were merchants and traders. They formed business communities in Vienna, Trieste, Novi Sad, in the Republic of Venice, as well\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8879347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"at the beginning of the Bosnian War in early 1992. Even before the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs began, another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje went unnoticed in the public. Eventually, the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs forced foreign journalists including Tom Gjelten to reconsider their initial judgement about Sarajevo being harmonious. Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"population, and their number was 1,366,104. The total number of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina continued to reduce, especially after the Bosnian Civil War broke out in 1992. Soon, an exodus of Bosnian Serbs occurred when a large number of Serbs were expelled from central Bosnia, Ozren, Sarajevo, Western Herzegovina and Krajina. According to the 1996 census, made by UNHCR and officially unrecognized, there was 3,919,953 inhabitants, of which 1,484,530 (37.88%) were Serbs. In the territory of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the percentage of Serbs slightly changed, although,their total number reduced. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnia along with VRS forces from 1992 up to 1995. In May 1995, the VRS Herzegovina Corps intended to organize an international brigade in eastern Bosnia which gathered between 150 and 600 Greek and Russian mercenaries fighting for 200 German marks monthly. The Greek Volunteer Guard, who were organized in March 1995 with around 100 soldiers, were reported to have taken part in the Srebrenica Massacre, with the Greek flag being hoisted in Srebrenica when the town fell to the Serbs. Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8859130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian language\",\n \"text\": \"mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch. However, the constitution of refers to it as the \\\"Language spoken by Bosniaks\\\", because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name. Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools. Montenegro officially recognizes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1508071\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"been pouring into the country. The JNA armed Bosnian Serbs and the Croatian Defence Force the Herzegovinian Croats. The Bosnian Muslim Green Berets and Patriotic League were established already in fall 1991, and drew up a defense plan in February 1992. It was estimated that 250–300,000 Bosnians were armed, and that some 10,000 were fighting in Croatia. By March 1992, perhaps three quarters of the country were claimed by Serb and Croat nationalists. On 4 April 1992, when Izetbegović ordered all reservists and police in Sarajevo to mobilise, and SDS called for evacuation of the city's Serbs, came the 'definite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign support in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"arms smuggling. The TWRA received $350 million from deposits by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, Turkey, Brunei, Malaysia and Pakistan. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20384517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Kupres (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"from Croatia following the implementation of the Vance plan, it was reorganised into a new Bosnian Serb army. This reorganisation followed the declaration of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This declaration was later cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. On 27 March,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17677456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in November held a referendum about remaining within Yugoslavia. At the same time it issued the \\\"Instructions for the Organization and Activities of the Organs of the Serbian People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Emergency Conditions\\\" which told SDS officials to form Serb Municipal Assemblies and Crisis Staffs, secure supplies for Serbs, and create extensive communication networks. In January 1992, the assembly declared the creation of the Republic of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its secession. The Bosnian government declared the referendum an unconstitutional and self-proclaimed entity and it was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) to later unify them to create a Greater Serbia. As early as September or October 1990, the JNA had begun to arm Bosnian Serbs and organize them into militias. That same year the JNA disarmed the Territorial Defense Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (TORBiH). By March 1991, the JNA had distributed an estimated 51,900 firearms to Serb paramilitaries and 23,298 firearms to the SDS. Throughout 1991 and early 1992, the SDS heavily Serbianized the police force in order to increase Serb political control. According to Noel Malcolm, the \\\"steps taken by Karadžić and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"the minority due to the genocide conducted against it in World War II\\\", and it was declared to be a part of Yugoslavia. The Bosnian Serb assembly members advised Serbs to boycott the referendums held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. The turnout to the referendums was reported as 63.7%, with 92.7% of voters voting in favour of independence (implying that Bosnian Serbs, which made up approximately 34% of the population, largely boycotted the referendum). The Serb political leadership used the referenda as a pretext to set up roadblocks in protest. Independence was formally declared by the Bosnian parliament\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"commander Blaž Kraljević and incorporated into the HVO and ARBiH. The Army of Republika Srpska (\\\"\\\", VRS) was established on 12 May 1992. It was loyal to Republika Srpska, a Serb breakaway state that sought unification with FR Yugoslavia. Serbia provided logistical support, money and supplies to the VRS. Bosnian Serbs had made up a substantial part of the JNA officer corps. Milošević relied on the Bosnian Serbs to win the war themselves. Most of the command chain, weaponry, and higher-ranked military personnel, including General Ratko Mladić, were JNA. Various paramilitary units were operated during the Bosnian War: the Serb\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"of them ethnic Serbs. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a member State of the United Nations on 22 May 1992. From May to December 1992, the Bosnian Ministry of the Interior (BiH MUP), Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and later the Bosnian Territorial Defence Forces (TO RBiH) operated the Čelebići prison camp. It was used to detain 700 Bosnian Serb prisoners of war arrested during military operations that were intended to de-block routes to Sarajevo and Mostar in May 1992 that had earlier been blocked by Serb forces. Of these 700 prisoners, 13 died while in captivity.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930380\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs who the first casualties of the Bosnian War are. Bosniaks and Croats consider the first casualties of the war to be Suada Dilberović and Olga Sučić. Serbs consider Nikola Gardović, a groom's father who was killed at a Serb wedding procession on the second day of the referendum, on 1 March 1992 in Sarajevo's old town Baščaršija, to be the first victim of the war. 1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo On 5 April 1992, in response to events all over Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 people of all nationalities turned out for a peace rally in Sarajevo. Serb snipers in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18727932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Srpska, while another 197,925 had gone to Serbia. According to the data of the Serbian Commissariat for Refugees, up to 1995 Serbia housed 266,000 refugees from Bosnia Herzegovina and a total of 70,000 refugees returned to the country of their origin. After the Yugoslav Wars Serbia became home to the highest number of refugees (which included Bosnian Serbs) and IDPs in Europe. Serbs massively left the capital Sarajevo in early 1996. The 2013 population census registered 1,086,733 Serbs or 30.8% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Serbs are the most territorially widespread nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War Four major international peace plans were proposed before and during the Bosnian War by European Community (EC) and United Nations (UN) diplomats before the conflict was settled by the Dayton Agreement in 1995. The Bosnian war which lasted from 1992 to 1995 was fought among its three main ethnicities Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. Whilst the Bosniak plurality had sought a nation state solely for Bosniaks, the Croats had created an autonomous community that functioned independently of central Bosnian rule, and the Serbs declared independence for the region's eastern and northern regions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6771860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"had convicted 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks of war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia. The most recent estimates suggest that around 100,000 people were killed during the war. Over 2.2 million people were displaced, making it the most devastating conflict in Europe since the end of World War II. In addition, an estimated 12,000–20,000 women were raped, most of them Bosniak. There is debate over the start date of the Bosnian War. Clashes between Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats started in late February 1992, and \\\"full-scale hostilities had broken out by 6 April\\\", the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian mujahideen\",\n \"text\": \"Croatia between the Croatian Army and the breakaway Serb Krajina. Meanwhile, the Bosnian Muslim leadership opted for independence. Serbs established autonomous provinces and Bosnian Croats took similar steps. The war broke out in April 1992. Muslim countries came to support the Bosnian Muslims and an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. Support came from Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other Muslim countries. There were also Islamist organizations and Muslim non-profit organizations and charitable trusts that supported the Bosnian Muslims. Muslim foreign fighters joined the Bosnian Muslim side. ICG estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters. Charles R. Shrader estimated up to 4,000. J.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11250952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one of many exoduses of Serbs during Bosnian War. Right before this exodus there was another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje. Both of them preceded by massive exodus of more than 250,000 Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm which set precedents for the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs. It was reported on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468805\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"on 3 March 1992. During the referendum on 1 March, Sarajevo was quiet except for a shooting on a Serbian wedding. The brandishing of Serbian flags in the Baščaršija was seen by Muslims as a deliberate provocation on the day of the referendum which was supported by most Bosnian Croats and Muslims but boycotted by most of the Bosnian Serbs. Nikola Gardović, the bridegroom's father was killed while a Serbian Orthodox priest was wounded. Witnesses identified the killer as Ramiz Delalić, also known as \\\"Celo\\\", a minor gangster who had become an increasingly brazen criminal since the fall of communism\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"the Serbs. Some individuals from other European countries volunteered to fight for the Croat side, including Neo-Nazis such as Jackie Arklöv, who was charged with war crimes upon his return to Sweden. Later he confessed he committed war crimes on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the Heliodrom and Dretelj camps as a member of Croatian forces. The Bosnians received support from Muslim groups. Pakistan supported Bosnia while providing technical and military support. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) allegedly ran an active military intelligence program during the Bosnian War which started in 1992 lasting until 1995. Executed and supervised by Pakistani General Javed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Migration of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"with Leopold I, who was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, whereby the Habsburgs granted the Serbs ecclesiastic autonomy and some degree of self-administration, much to the displeasure of the Roman Catholic Church and Hungarian authorities. Leopold recognized Arsenije as the leader of Habsburg Serbs in both religious and secular affairs, and indicated that this power would be held by all future Archbishops. In 1712, Sremski Karlovci became the Patriarchate for Serbs living in the Habsburg Empire. In the early 1890s, Hungarian officials announced plans for a Budapest Millennium Exhibition to be held in 1896; it was intended to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18987129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Powers. This left them no choice but to join a union largely dominated by ethnic Serbs, which came to be known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Upon its creation, the state was composed of six million Serbs, 3.5 million Croats and 1 million Slovenes. Being the largest ethnic group, the Serbs favoured a centralized state, whereas Croats, Slovenes and Bosnian Muslims did not. Approved on 28 June 1921 and based on the Serbian constitution of 1903, the so-called Vidovdan Constitution established the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a parliamentary monarchy under the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9043387\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"volunteers had attacked the predominantly Croat town of Ravno in September 1991, Bosnian Serb policemen fired upon Bosniak populated areas of Šipovo during which 3,000 Bosniaks fled, and Serb paramilitary units targeted Foča, Višegrad, Zvornik, Bijeljina, and other towns in east Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the month of recognition, the siege of Sarajevo began, by which time the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) controlled 70% of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589460\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Mostar\",\n \"text\": \"the city administration promised to set aside 100,000 KM (about 50,000 euros) for the reconstruction of the cathedral, and the Ministry of Culture of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity pledged 200,000 convertible marks (about 100,000 euros), while a local attorney, Faruk Ćupina (a Bosnian Muslim), was the first private citizen to donate any money - 10,000 convertible marks (about 5,000 euros). The estimated total cost of the project is 15 million convertible marks (about 7.5 million euros). Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8879354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"of Croatia was created with many concessions on the Serbian side. Serbs in Dalmatia, Slavonia, Krajina and Posavina found themselves in a Croatian entity within Yugoslavia, while virtually no Croats remained in the Serbian federal entity in 1939. Most Bosnian Serbs supported federalist policies of Pribicevic during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Bosnian Serbs were put under the rule of the fascist Ustaša regime in the Independent State of Croatia. Under Ustaša rule Serbs along with Jews and Roma people, were subjected to systematic genocide where hundreds of thousands of civilian Serbs were murdered. According to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"government. For example, lengthy and in some cases unfair proceedings, particularly in lower level courts, remain a major problem for Serbian returnees pursuing their rights in court. In addition, Serbs continue to be discriminated against in access to employment and in realizing other economic and social rights. Also some cases of violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs continue to be reported. The property laws allegedly favor Bosnian Croats refugees who took residence in houses that were left unoccupied and unguarded by Serbs after Operation Storm. Amnesty International's 2005 report considers one of the greatest obstacles to the return of thousands\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6889178\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs, or the Vlachs, who are commonly called the Serbs\\\"\\\". Tihomir Đorđević points to the already known fact that the name 'Vlach' didn't only refer to genuine Vlachs or Serbs but also to cattle breeders in general. In the Venetian documents from the late 16th and 17th centuries, the name \\\"Morlachs\\\" (another term of Vlachs, first mentioned in the 14th century) was used for immigrants from conquered territory previously of Croatian and Bosnian kingdoms by the Ottoman Empire. They were of both Orthodox and Catholic faith, settled inland of the coastal cities of Dalmatia, and entered the military service of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6889134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various countries. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. The presence of foreign fighters is well documented, however none of these groups comprised more than 5 percent of any of the respective armies' total manpower strength. An estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters fought on the Bosnian side. The Bosnian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8859125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"seated in Pale. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Carrington-Cutileiro peace plan), as did the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Bosniak political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently revoked the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country based on ethnic lines. The Bosnian Civil War began. Among the Serb population, the war is known as the \\\"Defensive Fatherland War\\\". Serbs and the Army of the Serb Republic (VRS) was outnumbered, outgunned, and isolated, faced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"voluntarily or forced. Some authors explain that ethnic cleansing of Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm (silently supported by major powers like United States and Germany) set precedent for the exodus of 150,000 terrified suburban Sarajevo Serbs who did not feel that a Muslim-led Bosnian government or the outside world will guarantee their safety. The Western observers claimed that Serbs used mass exhumations during their exodus from Sarajevo to gain moral victory. Historian Peter Brock explained that even after the 1996 exodus, the Western media still refused to acknowledge the flight of tens of thousands of Sarajevo Serbs that occurred\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"in 1910, the winner was Serbian National Organization. On June 28, 1914, Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip made international headlines after assassinating Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo. This sparked World War I leading to Austria-Hungary's defeat and the incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During WWI, Serbs in Bosnia were often blamed for the outbreak of the war, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and were subjected to persecution by the Austro-Hungarian authorities, including internment and looting of their businesses, by people who were instigated to ethnic violence. Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs served in Montenegrin and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian language\",\n \"text\": \"only legitimate name is \\\"Bosnian\\\" language (\\\"\\\"), and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name \\\"Bosnian\\\" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while Bosnian Croats and Serbs reject that designation for their idioms. The language is called \\\"Bosnian language\\\" in the 1995 Dayton Accords and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN), and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1508067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини / \\\"Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini\\\") are one of the three constitutive nations (State-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska. In the other entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs form the majority in Drvar, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Serbs (Serbian and Bosnian: Босански Срби / \\\"Bosanski Srbi\\\") in English, regardless of whether they are from Bosnia or Herzegovina. They are also known by regional names such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"against regular Croatian Army (HV), Croatian Defense Council (HVO), mainly Muslim Army of Bosnia & Herzegovina (ABiH), forces of Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia and NATO airstrikes. Furthermore, Serbs faced weapons embargo, and sanctions from the Western countries, Russia, and even Serbia and FR Yugoslavia under Slobodan Milosevic, who instituted sanctions against the Serb Republic in 1993. Milosevic supported every single peace plan the International Community proposed, even those which did not presuppose the existence of the Serb Republic. Throughout most of the war the Bosnian Serbs fought against both the Bosniaks (\\\"Muslims\\\") and the Bosnian Croats. During Bosniak-Croat hostilities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"for raping two Serbian women. Bosnian commander Sefer Halilović was charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war on the basis of superior criminal responsibility of the incidents during Operation Neretva '93 and found not guilty. Serbs have accused Sarajevo authorities of practicing selective justice by actively prosecuting Serbs while ignoring or downplaying Bosniak war crimes. Dario Kordić, political leader of Croats in Central Bosnia, was convicted of the crimes against humanity in Central Bosnia i.e. ethnic cleansing and sentenced to 25 years in prison. On 29 May 2013, in a first instance verdict, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"joined the programme in December 2006. Currently, there are several Serbian political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Srpska. The Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), and Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) are the most popular parties. SDS was founded in 1990 and is major political parties among Bosnian Serbs, being the most powerful during the Bosnian Civil War (1992–1995). SNSD was founded on pro-European, democratic, federalist, socialist principles, but has later on switched its tendencies into populism and pro-Russian external policies. PDP is Christian democratic, traditionalist, conservative and pro-Europeanist political party. Cultural\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277535\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)\",\n \"text\": \"arms embargo. Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)\",\n \"text\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden. After initially\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"championship while sons Vanja and Nikola became Olympic champions with Serbian team. Other players that represented Serbia with success are Đorđe Đurić, Brankica Mihajlović, Tijana Bošković, Jelena Blagojević, Sanja and Saša Starović. Besides team sports, Bosnian Serbs achieved success and in individual sports such as Slobodan and Tadija Kačar in boxing, Radomir Kovačević, Nemanja Majdov and Aleksandar Kukolj in judo, Milenko Zorić in canoeing, Velimir Stjepanović in swimming, Andrea Arsović in shooting, Andrea Petkovic in tennis, Draženko Mitrović in paralympic athletics, etc. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"to Bosnian-Muslim forces, as well as allowed Iranian-supplied arms to transit through Croatia to Bosnia. However, in light of widespread NATO opposition to American (and possibly Turkish) endeavors in coordinating the \\\"black flights of Tuzla\\\", the United Kingdom and Norway expressed disapproval of these measures and their counterproductive effects on NATO enforcement of the arms embargo. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence also played an active role during 1992–1995 and secretly supplied the Muslim fighters with arms, ammunition and guided anti tank missiles to give them a fighting chance against the Serbs. Pakistan defied the UN's ban on supply of arms to Bosnian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930363\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian genocide\",\n \"text\": \"murdered and the remainder of the population (between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly people) was forced to leave the area. If a wider definition is used, then the number is much larger. According to the ICTY Demographic Unit, an estimated 69.8% or 25,609 of the civilians killed in the war were Bosniak (with 42,501 military deaths), with the Bosnian Serbs suffering 7,480 civilian casualties (15,299 military deaths), the Bosnian Croats suffering 1,675 civilian casualties (7,183 military deaths), amounting to a total of 104,732 casualties, spread between the Bosnian Croats (8.5%), Bosnian Serbs (21.7%), Bosniaks (65%), and others\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4552023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"referendum was in favor of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, but of Bosnian Serbs, therefore the Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum. The turnout was 64.3% of which 99.7% of the votes were in favor of the Bosnian independence, thus on March 3 1992 the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegovic declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Yugoslav People's Army had a concept of \\\"Total National Defence\\\", which gave the army a role to defend the borders from aggressors. According to some sources, the higher officials of the Yugoslav People's Army stated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20962971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"memoirs suggest that Milošević planned for an attack on Bosnia well in advance. On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serbs proclaimed the \\\"Republic of the Serbian People in Bosnia-Herzegovina\\\" (SR BiH, later Republika Srpska), but did not officially declare independence. The Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in its 11 January 1992 Opinion No. 4 on Bosnia and Herzegovina stated that the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina should not be recognised because the country had not yet held a referendum on independence. On 25 January 1992, an hour after the session of parliament was adjourned, the parliament called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Sarajevo\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs in Sarajevo The Serbs of Sarajevo numbered 157,526 according to the 1991 census, making up more than 30% of the Sarajevo Metropolitan area (10 pre-war municipalities; Centar, Stari Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Novi Grad, Ilidza, Ilijas, Vogosca, Hadzici, Trnovo, and Pale. Today, following the Bosnian War, few Serbs remain in central areas of Sarajevo; however, many parts of the pre-war metropolitan area are now forming the city of East Sarajevo in Republika Srpska; namely, Pale RS, East Ilidza, East Novo Sarajevo, Trnovo RS, and East Stari Grad. Forcefully, most have either moved abroad, to Serbia or other countries, or moved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8952368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)\",\n \"text\": \"the arms embargo, so that they could arm their army to resist the Serbs. Izetbegović and other Bosniak politicians also claimed that the embargo was an illegal violation of the Bosnian right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Starting in 1992, a number of US foreign policy experts and politicians began to warm to the idea of lifting the arms embargo to even the playing field, and a number advocated air strikes against the Serbs, as they were perceived to be the principal aggressors. In July 1992, Bill Clinton adopted the idea of lift and strike as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"sanctions after the National Assembly of Republika Srpska refused the Vance-Owen peace plan. In 1995, Operation Storm eliminated the Republic of Serbian Krajina. The Croatian Army continued the offensive into Republika Srpska. Some 250,000 Serbs fled to Republika Srpska and Serbia from Croatia, as the Serb side continued a full retreat of Serbs from the Una to the Sana river. The Croatian Army, supported by Bosnian government forces came within 20 km of the \\\"de facto\\\" Bosnian Serb capital, Banja Luka, but were halted by Serbian defenders near Prijedor and throughout Bosnian Krajina, when their airplanes could finally fly without\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"1914, a young Bosnian Serb student named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, which directly contributed to the outbreak of World War I. In the fighting that ensued, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary. Despite being outnumbered, the Serbs subsequently defeated the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer, which marked the first Allied victory over the Central Powers in the war. Further victories at the battles of Kolubara and the Drina meant that Serbia remained unconquered as the war entered its second year. However, an invasion by the forces of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria overwhelmed the Serbs in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6516519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian nationalism\",\n \"text\": \"respectively. Nevertheless, in part due to the dominant standing held in the previous centuries by the native Muslim population in Ottoman Bosnia, a sense of Bosnian nationhood was cherished mainly by Muslim Bosnians, while fiercely opposed by nationalists from Serbia and Croatia who were instead opting to claim the Bosnian Muslim population as their own, a move that was rejected by most Bosnian Muslims. In an article of the journal \\\"Bošnjak\\\" (\\\"The Bosniak\\\"), Bosniak author and mayor of Sarajevo Mehmed-beg Kapetanović declared that Bosnian Muslims were neither Croats nor Serbs but a distinct, though related, people: Upon the founding of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12003488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"thousands of Serbs in larger cities voted for independence. There were bombings and shootings throughout the voting period. Voter turnout was 63.4 percent, of whom 99.7 percent voted for independence. However, the referendum failed to attain the constitutionally-required two-thirds majority since only 63.4 percent of eligible voters participated. On 3 March, Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian parliament ratified his action. On 4 March United States Secretary of State James Baker urged the EEC to recognize Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on 6 March Izetbegović requested international recognition. On 10 March, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Serbian army en masse, as they felt loyalty to the overall pan-Serbian cause. Bosnian Serbs also served in Austrian Army, and were loyal to Austria-Hungary when it came to Italian Front, but they often deserted and switched sides when they were sent to the Russian front, or to Serbian Front. Many Serbs supported the advance of fellow Montenegrin Serb Army, when it entered into Herzegovina, and advanced close to Sarajevo in 1914, as the King of Montenegro, King Nicholas I Petrovich-Njegos was very popular among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs because of his pan-Serbian and Serbian nationalist views and help during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"The Bosnian War ended that same year, with the Dayton Agreement dividing the country along ethnic lines. In 1998–99, a conflict in Kosovo between the Yugoslav Army and Albanians seeking independence erupted into full-out war, resulting in a 78-day-long NATO bombing campaign which effectively drove Yugoslav security forces from Kosovo. Subsequently, more than 200,000 Serbs and other non-Albanians fled the province. On 5 October 2000, Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosević was overthrown in a bloodless revolt after he refused to admit defeat in the 2000 Yugoslav general election. The Serbian Revival refers to a period in the history of the Serbs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6516524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration\",\n \"text\": \"pharmaceutical factory at Khartoum (the capital of Sudan) and several alleged terrorist camps in Afghanistan—were involved in terrorist activities. Much of the focus of Clinton's foreign policy during his first term was the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a nation in southeastern Europe that had declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1992. This declaration was the catalyst of a war between Bosnian Serbs, who wanted Bosnia to remain in the Yugoslav federation, and Bosnian Muslims and Croats. The Bosnian Serbs, who were supported by Serbia, were better equipped than the Muslims and the Croats; as a result, they populated and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9053585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"States would grant recognition to Bosnia as an independent state. What is indisputable is that Izetbegovic, that same day, withdrew his signature and renounced the agreement\\\". In late March 1992, there was fighting between Serbs and combined Croat and Bosniak forces in and near Bosanski Brod, resulting in the killing of Serb villagers in Sijekovac. Serb paramilitaries committed the Bijeljina massacre, most of the victims of which were Bosniaks, on 1–2 April 1992. There were three factions in the Bosnian War: The three ethnic groups predominantly supported their respective ethnic or national faction. Bosniaks mainly the ARBiH, Croats the HVO,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"inhabited mainly by Serbs, who were either Orthodox by faith or followers of an Orthodox sect of Bogomil. Heading 32 of De Administrando Imperio of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, is called \\\"On the Serbs and the lands in which they live\\\". It speaks of the territories inhabited by Serbs in which he mentions Bosnia, specifically two inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, both of which are in an unidentified geographic position. Austria-Hungary pursued a demographic policy of reducing the Serbian population and trying to erase their identity, converting it to a \\\"Bosnian nationhood\\\", therefore, Austrian population census only had religious affiliation as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"day that the United States and European Economic Community (EEC) recognised Bosnia and Herzegovina. Misha Glenny gives a date of 22 March, Tom Gallagher gives 2 April, while Mary Kaldor and Laura Silber and Allan Little give 6 April. Philip Hammond, currently the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, claimed that the most common view is that the war started on 6 April 1992. Serbs consider the Sarajevo wedding shooting, when a groom's father was killed on the second day of the Bosnian independence referendum, 1 March 1992, to have been the first victim of the war. The Sijekovac killings of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snagovo massacre\",\n \"text\": \"Snagovo massacre The Snagovo massacre refers to the mass killing of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians by Serbs on 29 April 1992 in the village Snagovo, located in the municipality of Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The massacre occurred at the start of the Bosnian War. Snagovo was among the hardest hit villages at the start of the Bosnian War in 1992. Between April and June 1992, Serbs ethnically cleansed the village of its Bosnian Muslim residents. On 29 April 1992, Serbs captured a group of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians who were hiding in the woods in Snagovo and took them to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18733376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"the 19th century, some Serbs converted to Protestantism, while historically some Serbs were Catholics (especially in Dalmatia; e.g. Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik). The remainder of Serbs remain predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christians. Among the most notable national and ethnic symbols are the flag of Serbia and the coat of arms of Serbia. The flag consists of a red-blue-white tricolour, rooted in Pan-Slavism, and has been used since the 19th century. Apart from being the national flag, it is also used officially in Republika Srpska (by Bosnian Serbs) and as the official ethnic flag of Croatian Serbs. The coat of arms, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"699159\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"professor Dino Murtić emphasized that exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was massive and planned and that Bosnian president Izetbegović initially demonstrated indifference about it stating that the people of Sarajevo \\\"finally deserved to be free of their murderers\\\". After some time, Izetbegović called Serbs to stay in Sarajevo. Some Serbs exhumated the graves of their ancestors from Sarajevo graveyards to graveyards near their new accommodation. Some authors believed that all involved parties in Bosnia were responsible for the mass exodus of Sarajevo Serbs, including the officials of Republika Srpska. For some authors it was difficult to determine if this exodus was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"of Bosnia & Herzegovina, therefore not changing internat district borders of Bosnia. Bosnian Serbs constituted around a half of the total Bosnian population, but they constituted a vast territorial majority and have unilaterally proclaimed union with Serbia, for the second time in modern history, now in 1918. In total, 42 out of 54 municipalities in Bosnia & Herzegovina proclaimed union(annexation to) Serbia, without the approval of „People's Yugoslav“ government in Sarajevo, without even consulting them, in 1918. The regime of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was characterized by limited parliamentarism, and ethnic tensions, mainly between Croats and Serbs. The state of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origin hypotheses of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"Serbia in what is now Saxony (eastern Germany) and western Poland). After the Hunnic leader Attila died (in 453), Alanian Serbi presumably became independent and ruled in the east of the river Saale (in modern-day Germany) over the local Slavic population. Over time, they, it is argued, intermarried with the local Slavic population of the region, adopted Slavic language, and transferred their name to the Slavs. According to Tadeuš Sulimirski, similar event could occur in the Balkans or Serbs who settled in the Balkans were Slavs who came from the north and who were ruled by already slavicized Alans. Deformed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5233465\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"nation. At the end of the 19th century, Bosnian Serbs founded various reading, cultural and singing societies, and at the beginning of the 20th century, a new Bosnian Serb intelligentsia played a major role in the political life of Serbs. One of the major Serbian cultural and national organizations was Prosvjeta, \\\"Bosanska Vila\\\" and \\\"Zora\\\", among others. Serbian national organizations were focused on the preservation of Serbian language, history and culture. First Serbian Sokol societies on the present territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were founded in the late 19th century by intellectuals. Stevan Žakula, is remembered as a prominent worker\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277499\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)\",\n \"text\": \"internal unit of the FRY, in which Serbian President Milošević seemed to have more influence on federal politics than the Yugoslav President (the first federal president, Dobrica Ćosić was forced to resign for opposing Milošević). The Milosevic government did not have official territorial claims on the Republic of Macedonia. Others have claimed that Milosevic only advocated self-determination of self-proclaimed Serbs who wished to remain in Yugoslavia. During the Yugoslav Wars in Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, Milošević supported Serb separatists who wished to secede from these newly created states. This support extended to controversial figures such as Bosnian Serb leader\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11388088\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"is 44.40% of total Bosnian population. According to the 1961 census, Serbs made up 42.89% of total population, and their number was 1,406,053. After that, districts were divided into smaller municipalities. According to the 1971 census, Serbs were 37,19% of total population, and their number was 1,393,148. According to the 1981 census, Serbs made up 32,02% of total population, and their number was 1,320,738. After 1981, their percentage continued to reduce. From 1971 to 1991, the percentage of Serbs fell due to emigration into Montenegro, Serbia, and Western Europe. According to the 1991 census, Serbs were 31.21% of the total\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277529\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian mujahideen\",\n \"text\": \"the phenomenon of Wahhabism in Bosnia concluded that despite Bosnian Serb and Serbian media reports of terrorist cells, the risk of a terrorist attack in Bosnia and Herzegovina 'is not higher than in other parts of the world'. Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \\\"mujāhid\\\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11250980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Operation Tiger (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) was deployed to Croatia to supervise and maintain the agreement. The conflict largely passed on to entrenched positions and the JNA retreated from Croatia into Bosnia and Herzegovina, where a new conflict was anticipated. Serbia continued to support the RSK after the JNA pullout. As the JNA disengaged from Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army; Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992. Between 29 February and 1 March 1992, a referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovinawhich would later be cited as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17130211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian genocide denial\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"killing (of) Bosnian-Muslim soldiers\\\" and even that was in response to the \\\"killing of over 2,000 Serb civilians, mostly women and children, at the location by Bosnian-Muslim army\\\", and that the numbers of executed Bosnian-Muslim soldiers \\\"were probably in the order of between 500 and 1,000 (...) (i)n other words, less than half of the number of Serbs civilians killed before July, 1995\\\". For this complete reversal of reality they rely on and cite informations provided by another independent researcher Diana Johnstone, who herself never set foot in Bosnia, without a shadow of a doubt or critical examination into evidence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20120331\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian mujahideen\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \\\"mujāhid\\\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and Croat forces. Mostly they came from North Africa, the Near East and the Middle East. Estimates of their numbers vary from 500–5,000. In the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. War broke out in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11250951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs were forced to relocate to Serbia proper, Montenegro and Vojvodina. Having lived throughout much of Bosnia-Herzegovina prior to the Bosnian War, the majority now live in the Republika Srpska. According to the report by the Bosnia and Herzegovina statistics office, on the census of 2013 there were 1,086,733 Serbs living in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs settled the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. According to \\\"De Administrando Imperio\\\" (ca. 960), the Serbs had settled what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina. They inhabited and ruled \\\"Serbia\\\", which included \\\"Bosnia\\\" (with two inhabited cities; Kotor and Desnik), and \\\"Rascia\\\", and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277476\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"persons within Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, at 588,000. Serbia took in 252,130 refugees from Bosnia, while other former Yugoslav republics received a total of 148,657 people. In June 1992, the Bosnian Serbs started Operation Vrbas 92 and Operation Corridor 92. The reported deaths of twelve newborn babies in Banja Luka hospital due to a shortage of bottled oxygen for incubators was cited as an immediate cause for the action, but the veracity of these deaths has since been questioned. Borisav Jović, a contemporary high-ranking Serbian official and member of the Yugoslav Presidency, has claimed that the report was just wartime\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"rupture between the Bosnian government and Serbs'. Bosnia and Herzegovina received international recognition on 6 April 1992. The most common view is that the war started that day. The war in Bosnia escalated in April. On 3 April, the Battle of Kupres began between the JNA and a combined HV-HVO force that ended in a JNA victory. On 6 April Serb forces began shelling Sarajevo, and in the next two days crossed the Drina from Serbia proper and besieged Muslim-majority Zvornik, Višegrad and Foča. All of Bosnia was engulfed in war by mid-April. On 23 April, the JNA evacuated its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930373\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republika Srpska (1992–95)\",\n \"text\": \"municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (including regions described as \\\"places in which the Serbian people remained in the minority due to the genocide conducted against them during World War II\\\"), and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. From 29 February to 2 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. The majority of Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serbian people in the Bosnian parliament. On 6 April 1992,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6400385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Orašje\",\n \"text\": \"of Bosnia and Herzegovina that took place between 29 February and 1 March 1992. This declaration would later be cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March 1992. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the final days of March, Bosnian Serb forces bombarded Bosanski Brod with artillery, resulting in a cross-border operation by the Croatian Army (\\\"Hrvatska vojska\\\" – HV) 108th Brigade. On 4 April 1992, JNA artillery began shelling Sarajevo. There\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18071197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian Muslim Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnian Muslim Republic A Bosnian Muslim Republic, that is, consolidation of Bosniak-inhabited territories into a Bosniak nation-state, was proposed during the Bosnian War when plans for the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made. It would either be established as one of three ethnic states in a loose confederation, or as an independent \\\"Muslim state\\\" in the area controlled by the Bosnian Army, as proposed by Islamists. Thus, the Bosniak-inhabited territories or Bosnian Army-controlled area (the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) would become a Bosniak state, as Republika Srpska was for the Bosnian Serbs and Herzeg-Bosnia for the Bosnian Croats.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19539778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. And two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo. During the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, the Bosnian Serbs living in Bosnia held a referendum for independence and in January 1992 they formed the Republic of Srpska, also known as the Serb Republic. The main goal of the newly formed Serb Republic was to unify with Serbia and Montenegro in one state for the Serb ethnic groups. Bosnia did not recognize the referendum held by the Bosnian Serbs, and then between February 29 and March 1 a new referendum took place, for the independence of Bosnia. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20962970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Montenegro\",\n \"text\": \"a recognised minority language along with Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian. Since 2006, both in linguistic and other aspects of cultural life, ethnic Serbs of Montenegro have been exposed to gradual \\\"non-coercive\\\" Montenegrinisation. The Serbs are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the strongest religious institution of Montenegro (with a total of 460,383 followers or 74%). One of the largest places of worship is the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in Podgorica. The future of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro has been threatened by the newly formed Montenegrin Orthodox Church which has claimed Serbian Orthodox churches in Montenegro, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19175870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"ethnic power-sharing on all administrative levels and the devolution of central government to local ethnic communities. However, all Bosnia-Herzegovina's districts would be classified as Bosniak, Serb or Croat under the plan, even where no ethnic majority was evident. In later negotiations, there were compromises about changing district borders. On 3 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina was declared independent following a referendum held days earlier on February 29 and 1 March. On 11 March 1992, the Assembly of the Serb People of Republika Srpska (the self-proclaimed parliament of the Bosnian Serbs) unanimously rejected the original peace plan, putting forth their own\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6771862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign support in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting the Bosnian Muslims were Al-Qaeda (including Bosnian branch), Harkat ul-Ansar, Refah Party, Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, and others. Among foreign non-profit organizations and charitable trusts were the Saudi Benevolence International Foundation (Al-Qaeda) and al-Haramain Foundation (Al-Qaeda-associated), the Turkish IHH, and others. The Third World Relief Agency (TWRA) based in Vienna was the \\\"main financier and mediator\\\" in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20384516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"in relation to the former, or any other, Yugoslavia\\\". Jović's memoirs show that Milošević had on 5 December 1991 ordered for the JNA troops in BiH to be reorganised, its non-Bosnian personnel to be withdrawn, in case recognition would result in the perceival of the JNA as a foreign force; left would be Bosnian Serbs to form the nucleus of a Bosnian Serb army. Accordingly, by the end of the month the JNA in BiH had only 10–15% from outside the republic. Silber and Little note that Milošević secretly ordered all Bosnian-born JNA soldiers to be transferred to BiH. Jović's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Maniacs\",\n \"text\": \"and other cities across Yugoslavia. After the breakeup of Yugoslavia and when Bosnian War start, Grbavica a quarter of the city of Sarajevo where Grbavica Stadium is located was on front lines of battle between Bosnian army and Bosnian Serbs forces. Many members of \\\"The Maniacs\\\" joined Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Zelene beretke. One of them was Dževad Begić-Đilda. He was one of the founders and leader of The Maniacs. Dževad Begić was killed 1992 by sniper shot when he was trying to save wounded civilians. The most important day of every \\\"Maniac\\\" is 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16208960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Museum of Serbs of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Museum of Serbs of Croatia Museum of Serbs of Croatia (, ) was a public museum in Zagreb, which was specialized in history of Serbs of Croatia. Museum existed from 1946 till 1963 when it became part of Croatian History Museum. Today, part of the material is kept in Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana, part in Prosvjeta, some in Museum of Croatian History and part of them were destroyed in mining of Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana on 11 April 1992 during War in Croatia. In 2009, on 65 anniversary of Prosvjeta, organization has launched an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17263151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Montenegro\",\n \"text\": \"a Montenegrin because I am a Serb, but a Serb because I am a Montenegrin. We Montenegrins are the salt of the Serbs. All the strength of the Serbs is not here [in Montenegro] but their soul is.\\\" Djilas also has said \\\"The Montenegrins are, despite provincial and historical differences, quintessentially Serbs, and Montenegro the cradle of Serbian myths and of aspirations for the unification of Serbs.\\\". After the secession of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in 1991 and 1992, SR Montenegro held the Montenegrin referendum in 1992 which ended with a 95.96% of votes in favour for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19175863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian Australians\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnian Australians Bosnian Australians are Australian citizens of Bosnian ancestry or Bosnia and Herzegovina-born people who reside in Australia. According to the 2011 Australian census 39,440 Australians were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The vast majority of Bosnian migrants began arriving in Australia during and after the Bosnian War which took place between April 1992 and December 1995. There were smaller waves after World War II and again in the 1960s and 1970s. Bosnian migrants who arrived in Australia in the 1960s made important contributions to modern-day Australia through their role in the construction of the Snowy Mountains Scheme in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9272057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"and Lazar Hrebeljanović holding today's Central Serbia and a portion of Kosovo. Hrebeljanović was subsequently accepted as the titular leader of the Serbs because he was married to a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. In 1389, the Serbs faced the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo on the plain of Kosovo Polje, near the town of Pristina. Both Lazar and Sultan Murad I were killed in the fighting. The battle most likely ended in a stalemate, and Serbia did not fall to the Turks until 1459. There exists 30 Serbian chronicles from the period between 1390 and 1526. The Serbs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6516513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian Americans\",\n \"text\": \"remained an important center for Bosnian Muslim religious activity, serving Bosnians and non-Bosnian Muslims in the Chicago metropolitan area. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 brought the largest influx of Bosnians to St Louis, which became the most popular United States destination for Bosnian refugees. It is estimated that 40,000 refugees moved to the St. Louis area in the 1990s and early 2000s, bringing the total St. Louis Bosnian population to some 70,000. In Chicago, the Bosnian community has largely settled in the northern part of the city, between Lawrence and Howard, from Clark to Lake\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9701124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian nationalism\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Islamic Declaration\\\" that called for an Islamic renewal amongst Bosniaks, Izetbegović was arrested by Yugoslav state authorities in 1983 on allegations that he was promoting a purely Muslim Bosnia, and served five years in prison. In 1990, Izetbegović and others founded the Party of Democratic Action, that became the main Bosniak party in the Bosnian parliament. The eruption of the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995 strengthened Bosnian Muslim identity. In 1993, \\\"Bosniak\\\" was officially revived as the ethnic or national designation to replace \\\"Muslim by nationality\\\" employed by the Yugoslav authorities. Bosnian nationalism Bosnian nationalism or Bosniandom ( /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12003492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Hungary\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. About two-thirds of the Serbs (called \\\"optants\\\") left Hungary in the following decade. Almost the whole Serb population of Sárok, Deszk, Újszentiván, Szőreg, Majs and Dunaszekcső became optants. In 1910, 26,248 people in the territory of present-day Hungary spoke Serbian language. In 1920, number of Serbian speakers was 17,132, in 1930 7,031, in 1941 5,442, in 1970 11,177, in 1980 3,426, in 1990 2,953, 2001 3,388 and in 2011 3,708(compared with 7,210 declared Serbs in the same year). Small Serb communities are scattered in the southern part of the country. There are also some Serbs who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8496611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"labor, jizya, harsh taxation and slavery. Although their percentage in the overall population decreased, Orthodox Serbs managed to stay a relative majority in their land, and constitute a territorial majority within the territory of contemporary Bosnia, as Orthodox Serbs were traditionally a rural population within Bosnia, while Muslims were more often an urban populace, due to their services as city guards and traders. Bosnian Serbs often rebelled against Ottoman rule. The Serb Uprising of 1596–97 was suppressed at Gacko. It was a part of a broader Serb struggle against the Ottomans, in support of Austria and Venice. In 1809, Jančić's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia\",\n \"text\": \"support for the development of the Republic of Macedonia as a multiethnic, free-market orientated democracy. It has traditional base of members and supporters in the regions of Skopska Crna Gora inhabited by Serbs, among Serbs in the cities of Skopje and Kumanovo and among other minor communities of Serbs in other areas of the Republic of Macedonia. From the inception of political pluralism in the Republic of Macedonia, it is by far the most representative political option for Serbs in this state and since the 2001 change of party leadership, its preferred political partner is VMRO-DPMNE, current leader of parliamentary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5240611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Christophe Caze\",\n \"text\": \"Christophe Caze Christophe Caze (22 October 1969–29 March 1996) was a French terrorist and criminal, a former medical student in Lille, France. Caze was one of France's foremost terrorists. Caze was raised Catholic. A medical student, he travelled to Bosnia in 1992 to practice medicine, working at the Zenica hospital. He converted into Islam and joined the Bosnian mujahideen in the Bosnian War, a unit that fought Jihad against Serbs. He became an extremist, and is reported to have played football with heads of decapitated Serbs. Abu Hamza al-Masri, who was a Bosnian mujahideen, was the religious guide of Christophe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6092935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Jasenovac, marching women and children to death, and shooting most of the remaining male inmates, then torched buildings and documents before fleeing. The Ustashe viewed religion and nationality as closely linked; while Roman Catholicism and Islam (Bosnian Muslims were viewed as Croats) were recognized as Croatian national religions, Eastern Orthodoxy was deemed inherently incompatible with the Croatian state project. They saw Orthodoxy as hostile because it was identified as Serb. On 3 May 1941 a law was passed on religious conversions, pressuring Serbs to convert to Catholicism and thereby adopt Croat identity. This was made on the eve of Pavelić's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9043405\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swedish Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"particular skills were deficient within Sweden, as migrant workers (called \\\"Arbetskraftsinvandring\\\", see \\\"gastarbeiter\\\"). During the 1960s and 1970s, agreements were signed with the government of Yugoslavia to help Sweden overcome its severe labour shortage. Bosnian and Croatian Serbs migrated in another wave during and after the Yugoslav wars. Another wave of Kosovo Serbs came during the Kosovo war in 1999. The Swedish census data includes country of birth, but does not include ethnicity, descendants or naturalized people, thus, the total number of ethnic Serbs in Sweden is hard to define. Various estimations include: 80,000; 110,000; 120,000; and 140,000. Aco Dragićević,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12195717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian genocide\",\n \"text\": \"overturned by the appeals chamber, which narrowed the crime of genocide only to Srebrenica. On 16 June 2004, in \\\"Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević: Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal\\\", the ICTY Trial Chamber refused to acquit former Serbian president Slobodan Milošević on the same grounds, and ruled: On 26 February 2007, however, in the Bosnian genocide case, the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ) found that there was no evidence linking Serbia under the rule of Milošević to genocide committed by Bosnian Serbs in the Bosnian War. However, the court did find that Milošević and others in Serbia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4551997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Kupres (1994)\",\n \"text\": \"and villages were intermittently attacked by artillery, or missiles. As the JNA disengaged in Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army, as Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina—which would later be cited as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs set up barricades in the capital, Sarajevo and elsewhere on 1 March, and the next day the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17094072\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["dragan david dabić","radovan karadzik","dragan david dabic","радован караџић","radovan karadzic","dr dragan david dabic","radovan karadzic","dr dragan david dabić","petar glumac","dragan dabic","dr. dragan david dabic","dragan dabić","radovan karadžic","radovan karadic","dr. dragan david dabić","radovan karadjic","radovan karadžić","radovan karadžić","dragan davic"],"string":"[\n \"dragan david dabić\",\n \"radovan karadzik\",\n \"dragan david dabic\",\n \"радован караџић\",\n \"radovan karadzic\",\n \"dr dragan david dabic\",\n \"radovan karadzic\",\n \"dr dragan david dabić\",\n \"petar glumac\",\n \"dragan dabic\",\n \"dr. dragan david dabic\",\n \"dragan dabić\",\n \"radovan karadžic\",\n \"radovan karadic\",\n \"dr. dragan david dabić\",\n \"radovan karadjic\",\n \"radovan karadžić\",\n \"radovan karadžić\",\n \"dragan davic\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":599,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was deputy commander of the 1983 us invasion of grenada?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"that held 100 bodies of islanders who had been killed by communist forces. Major General Norman Schwarzkopf, deputy commander of the invasion force, said that 160 Grenadian soldiers and 71 Cubans had been killed during the invasion; the Pentagon had given a much lower count of 59 Cuban and Grenadian deaths. Ronald H. Cole's report for the Joint Chiefs of Staff showed an even lower count. Also of concern were the problems that the invasion showed with the military. There was a lack of intelligence about Grenada, which exacerbated the difficulties faced by the quickly assembled invasion force. For example,","psg_id":"1392056"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"that held 100 bodies of islanders who had been killed by communist forces. Major General Norman Schwarzkopf, deputy commander of the invasion force, said that 160 Grenadian soldiers and 71 Cubans had been killed during the invasion; the Pentagon had given a much lower count of 59 Cuban and Grenadian deaths. Ronald H. Cole's report for the Joint Chiefs of Staff showed an even lower count. Also of concern were the problems that the invasion showed with the military. There was a lack of intelligence about Grenada, which exacerbated the difficulties faced by the quickly assembled invasion force. For example,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392056\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"had not been made public. Scoon was well within his rights to take this action under the reserve powers vested in the Crown. On Saturday 22 October 1983, the Deputy High Commissioner in Bridgetown, Barbados visited Grenada and reported that Sir Paul Scoon was well and \"did not request military intervention, either directly or indirectly\". However, in his book, \"Survival for Service\", Scoon confirmed that he had invited the United States and Caribbean nations to intervene militarily, before the invasion. On 25 October, Grenada was invaded by the combined forces of the United States and the Regional Security System (RSS)","psg_id":"1392020"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"for Democracy\" parodies the invasion using a fictitious British Commonwealth country called St George's Island located in the Indian Ocean and under threat of Communist invasion and American counter-invasion. United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted","psg_id":"1392066"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted in the house arrest and the execution of the previous leader and second Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop, and the establishment of a preliminary government, the Revolutionary Military","psg_id":"1392006"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"U.S. also destroyed a significant amount of Grenada's military hardware, including six APCs and an armored car. A second armored car was impounded and later shipped back to Marine Corps Base Quantico for inspection. The US government defended its invasion of Grenada as an action to protect American citizens, including medical students, living on the island. \"Action was necessary to resolve what Article 28 of...[the charter of the Organization of American States (O.A.S.)] refers to as a 'situation that might endanger the peace,'\" said US Deputy Secretary of State Kenneth W. Dam, adding that \"Both the O.A.S. Charter, in articles","psg_id":"1392045"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"invasion. The 1990 film \"Die Hard 2\" mentioned Grenada when a unit of soldiers talked among themselves about the invasion. The 1994 film \"Natural Born Killers\" mentioned Grenada when one of the main characters claimed he witnessed the invasion. In the 2013 movie \"The Wolf of Wall Street\", the invasion of Grenada is used as a metaphor for a court case that is impossible to lose. In 2012 and 2014 \"Saturday Night Live\" sketches where Bill Hader attends a puppet class and uses his puppet to tell his grim stories of the invasion. The \"Yes Prime Minister\" episode \"A Victory","psg_id":"1392065"},{"title":"Defence force of Grenada","text":"Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New","psg_id":"20685450"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"with an annual memorial ceremony. In 2008, the Government of Grenada announced a move to build a monument to honour the Cubans killed during the invasion. At the time of the announcement the Cuban and Grenadian governments are still seeking to identify a suitable site for the monument. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, COMSECONDFLT, became Commander, Joint Task Force 120 (CJTF 120), and commanded units from the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard from the flag spaces aboard the MARG flagship, USS Guam. CJTF 120 was supported by Rear Admiral Richard E. Berry (COMCRUDESGRU Eight) (Commander Task Group","psg_id":"1392062"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"vetoed by the United States. A month after the invasion, \"Time\" magazine described it as having \"broad popular support.\" A congressional study group concluded that the invasion had been justified, as most members felt that U.S. students at the university near a contested runway could have been taken hostage as U.S. diplomats in Iran had been four years previously. The group's report caused House Speaker Tip O'Neill to change his position on the issue from opposition to support. In the evening of 25 October 1983 by telephone, on the newscast \"Nightline\", anchor Ted Koppel spoke to medical students on Grenada","psg_id":"1392048"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"at 05:00 on 25 October 1983. U.S. forces refuelled and departed from the Grantley Adams International Airport on the nearby Caribbean island of Barbados before daybreak en route to Grenada. It was the first major operation conducted by the U.S. military since the Vietnam War. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, Commander Second Fleet, was the overall commander of U.S. forces, designated Joint Task Force 120, which included elements of each military service and multiple special operations units. Fighting continued for several days and the total number of U.S. troops reached some 7,000 along with 300 troops from the Organization of","psg_id":"1392022"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"due to differences in charts and location coordinates, data, and methods of calling for fire support. Communications between services were also noted as not being compatible and hindered the coordination of operations. The landing strip was drawn by hand on the map given to some members of the invasion force. Conservative US leaders, and Ronald Reagan in particular, had long complained about the \"Vietnam Syndrome,\" the aversion on the part of the American people to U.S. military operations following the Vietnam War. The Reagan administration hoped that the perceived success of the invasion of Grenada would help dispel the Vietnam","psg_id":"1392058"},{"title":"Grenada–Soviet Union relations","text":"Grenada–Soviet Union relations Grenada-Soviet relations refers to the relations between Grenada, and the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations between Grenada and the Soviet Union were severed in November 1983 by the Governor General of Grenada. Eventually in 2002, Grenada re-established diplomatic relations with the newly formed Russian Federation. During the New Jewel Movement, the Soviet Union tried to make the island of Grenada to function as a Soviet base, and also by getting supplies from Cuba. On October 1983, during the U.S. invasion of Grenada, U.S. President Ronald Reagan maintained that US Marines arrived on the island of Grenada, which was","psg_id":"12278749"},{"title":"Defence force of Grenada","text":"seaport security and fire services. With 15 police stations and 900 staff members, the force responds to over 15,000 crimes and incidents per year. The Royal Grenada Police Force also has a paramilitary force for national defense. Official Defense is the responsibility of the Regional Security System . Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National","psg_id":"20685455"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"flights, and that evidence indicated that the airport was to become a Cuban-Soviet forward military airbase. On 29 May 2009 the Point Salines International Airport was officially renamed the Maurice Bishop International Airport, in honour of the slain pre-coup leader Maurice Bishop by the Government of Grenada. On 16 October 1983, a party faction led by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard seized power. Bishop was placed under house arrest. Mass protests against the action led to Bishop's escaping detention and reasserting his authority as the head of the government. Bishop was eventually captured and murdered, along with his pregnant partner,","psg_id":"1392018"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"than 5,000 medals to its soldiers for merit and valor. The date of the invasion is now a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, which commemorates the freeing, after the invasion, of several political prisoners who were subsequently elected to office. A truth and reconciliation commission was launched in 2000 to re-examine some of the controversies of the era; in particular, the commission made an unsuccessful attempt to find Bishop's body, which had been disposed of at Hudson Austin's order, and never found. For the U.S., the invasion also highlighted issues with communication and coordination between the different branches","psg_id":"1392012"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"to Grenada in 1984. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Braithwaite was appointed Prime Minister of an interim administration by the Governor General Sir Paul Scoon until elections could be organized. On 28 October 1984, the new Point Salines International Airport was opened, which enabled Grenada to receive large commercial jets for the first time. The first democratic elections since 1976 were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize who won 14 out of 15 seats in elections and served as Prime Minister until his death in December","psg_id":"155345"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"that would have been necessary to remove US citizens. The UN Charter prohibits the use of force by member states except in cases of self defense or when specifically authorized by the UN Security Council. The UN Security Council had not even considered the matter, let alone authorized invasion. Similarly, the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of 108 to 9 (with 27 abstentions) adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law.\" A similar resolution in the United Nations Security Council received widespread support but was","psg_id":"1392047"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"arrested after the invasion on charges related to the murder of Maurice Bishop and seven others. The eighteen included the top political leadership of Grenada at the time of the execution as well as the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions. Fourteen were sentenced to death, one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to 45 years in prison. The death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment. Those in prison have become known as the Grenada 17. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Brathwaite","psg_id":"11916887"},{"title":"Grenada 17","text":"stating that their arrest and trial had been a miscarriage of justice. Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence","psg_id":"10653815"},{"title":"Grenada 17","text":"Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence led to Bishop being freed. Bishop then went with a large group","psg_id":"10653809"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Grenada in 1983, later stated that he issued weapons and ammunition to many of the construction workers for the purpose of self-defense. According to journalist Bob Woodward in his book \"Veil\", captured \"military advisors\" from socialist countries were actually accredited diplomats and their dependents. None, Woodward claimed, took any actual part in the fighting. Other historians have asserted that most of the supposed civil technicians on Grenada were Cuban special forces and combat engineers. Cuban nationals were expressly forbidden to surrender to U.S. forces. U.S. Special Operations Forces were deployed to Grenada beginning on 23 October, before the 25 October","psg_id":"1392026"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"of United States threats, that the invasion violated international law, and that no small nation not to the liking of the United States would find itself safe if the aggression against Grenada were not rebuffed. The governments of some countries stated that the United States intervention was a return to the era of barbarism. The governments of other countries said the United States by its invasion had violated several treaties and conventions to which it was a party. A similar resolution was discussed in the United Nations Security Council and although receiving widespread support it was ultimately vetoed by the","psg_id":"1392051"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"and attempted to resume power, but he was captured and executed by soldiers. On 25 October 1983, forces from the United States and the Barbados-based Regional Security System (RSS) invaded Grenada in a U.S.-led operation code-named \"Operation Urgent Fury\". The invasion was highly criticised by the governments of Britain, Trinidad and Tobago and Canada, along with the United Nations General Assembly. Elections were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize, who served as Prime Minister until his death in December 1989. The origin of the name \"Grenada\" is obscure, but it is","psg_id":"11916871"},{"title":"Task Force 20","text":"the core of Task Group 20.5, the carrier task group that would support the Invasion of Grenada. On 25 October 1983, aircraft from Independence's embarked air wing flew missions supporting the invasion. The post of Commander, Task Force 20, which was an additional post for the fleet's commander during the fleet's existence, has been maintained as a three-star vice admiral's position who also concurrently serves as the deputy commander of Fleet & Joint Operations, the deputy commander of U.S. Fleet Forces Command and the director of Combined Joint Operations From The Sea, Centre of Excellence. Task Force 20 was commanded","psg_id":"4660931"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"United States. President of the United States Ronald Reagan, when asked if he was concerned by the lopsided 108–9 vote in the UN General Assembly, said, \"it didn't upset my breakfast at all.\" Grenada is part of the Commonwealth of Nations and, following the invasion, it requested help from other Commonwealth members. The intervention was opposed by Commonwealth members including the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, and Canada, among others. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a close ally of Reagan on other matters, personally opposed the U.S. invasion. Reagan told her it might happen; she did not know for sure","psg_id":"1392052"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"powers of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and created the concept of a truly unified joint U.S. forces (i.e., Army, Air Force, Marines, and Naval forces organized under one command). One of the first reorganizations resulting from both the Department of Defense analysis and the legislation was the formation of the U.S. Special Operations Command in 1987. October 25 is a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, to commemorate the invasion. St. George's University (SGU) built a monument on its True Blue Campus to memorialize the U.S. servicemen killed during the invasion, and marks the day","psg_id":"1392061"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"SEALs, and ancillary forces totaling 7,600 U.S.troops, together with Jamaican forces, and troops of the Regional Security System (RSS). USAF Pararescue and TACP personnel from the 21St Tass, Shaw AFB were attached to various other Special Operations Units during the Grenada conflict. The invasion force defeated Grenadian resistance after a low-altitude airborne assault by Rangers on Point Salines Airport at the south end of the island, and a Marine helicopter and amphibious landing on the north end at Pearls Airport. The military government of Hudson Austin was deposed and replaced by a government appointed by Governor-General Paul Scoon. The invasion","psg_id":"1392010"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"it was coming until three hours before. At 12:30 on the morning of the invasion, Thatcher sent a message to Reagan: Reagan told Thatcher before anyone else that the invasion would begin in a few hours, but ignored her complaints. She publicly supported the U.S. action. Reagan phoned to apologize for the miscommunication, and the long-term friendly relationship endured. Following the U.S. victory, the American and Caribbean governments quickly reaffirmed Scoon as Queen Elizabeth II's sole legitimate representative in Grenada—and hence, the only lawful authority on the island. In accordance with Commonwealth constitutional practice, Scoon assumed power as interim head","psg_id":"1392053"},{"title":"Deputy Commander (horse)","text":"Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by trainer Wallace Dollase. A late developer, Deputy Commander never made it to the 1997 Kentucky","psg_id":"10284160"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"north end (5,200 feet) and could not be expanded because its runway abutted a mountain at one end and the ocean at the other. In 1983, then-member of the United States House of Representatives Ron Dellums (D, California), traveled to Grenada on a fact-finding mission, having been invited by the country's prime minister. Dellums described his findings before Congress: ... based on my personal observations, discussion and analysis of the new international airport under construction in Grenada, it is my conclusion that this project is specifically now and has always been for the purpose of economic development and is not","psg_id":"1392016"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"29 May 2009, the 65th anniversary of his birth. Hundreds of Grenadians turned out to commemorate the event. Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada, gave the keynote speech and referred to the renaming as an act of the Grenadian people coming home to themselves. He also hoped that it would help bring closure to a chapter of denial in Grenada's history. The invasion showed problems with the U.S. government's \"information apparatus,\" which \"Time\" described as still being in \"some disarray\" three weeks after the invasion. For example, the U.S. State Department falsely claimed that a mass grave had been discovered","psg_id":"1392055"},{"title":"Grenada–United States relations","text":"Grenada–United States relations Grenada – United States relations are bilateral relations between Grenada and the United States. The United States recognized Grenada on the 7 February 1974, as the same day as Grenada got independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These nations formally established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1974. In October 1983, the United States led an invasion of Grenada, code named Urgent Fury, after the overthrow and murder of the leader of Grenada, Maurice Bishop, by the Bernard Coard. The U.S. Government established an embassy in Grenada in November 1983. The U.S. Ambassador","psg_id":"11632601"},{"title":"Deputy Commander (horse)","text":"to a decline in his physiological and neurological health, he was euthanized October 7, 2009. Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by","psg_id":"10284162"},{"title":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)","text":"Deputy Commander Land Forces Deputy Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division","psg_id":"13837276"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Council with Hudson Austin as Chairman. The invasion resulted in the appointment of an interim government, followed by democratic elections in 1984. The country has remained a democratic nation since then. Grenada gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. The Marxist-Leninist New Jewel Movement seized power in a coup in 1979 under Maurice Bishop, suspending the constitution and detaining a number of political prisoners. Among Bishop's core principles were workers' rights, women's rights, and the struggle against racism and Apartheid. Under Bishop's leadership, the National Women’s Organization was formed which participated in policy decisions along with other social groups.","psg_id":"1392007"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Revolutionary Government. The last major special operation was a mission to rescue and evacuate Governor General Paul Scoon from his mansion in Saint George, Grenada. The mission departed late at 05:30 on 25 October from Barbados, resulting in the Grenadian forces being already aware of the U.S. invasion. They closely guarded Governor Scoon. Although the SEAL team's entry into the mansion went unopposed, a counterattack led by BTR-60 armored personnel carriers trapped the SEALs and the governor inside. AC-130 gunships, A-7 Corsair strike planes, and AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters were called in to support the besieged SEALs, but the SEALs","psg_id":"1392035"},{"title":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)","text":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division and 3rd Mechanised Division), HQ 6th Division, Theatre","psg_id":"13837274"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"22 and 28, and the U.N. Charter, in Article 52, recognize the competence of regional security bodies in ensuring regional peace and stability.\" Dam was referring the decision by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to approve the invasion. However, scholars of international law have concluded that the invasion constituted neither justifiable self-defense (because there was no credible imminent threat to the US), nor humanitarian intervention or rescue (because there was no credible immediate danger to US citizens), and, in any case, the US invasion far exceeded in the scope and magnitude of force used and in duration any action","psg_id":"1392046"},{"title":"1983 United States Senate bombing","text":"the United States military invaded the socialist island nation of Grenada, and replaced the socialist government with the previous government under Governor-General Paul Scoon and Chairman of the Interim Advisory Council Nicholas Brathwaite, the country having been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. At the time, the invasion was supported by 64% of the US population. However, members of the left wing militant group, the Resistance Conspiracy, were perturbed. The invasion of Grenada, coupled with the October 1983 bombing of a United States Marines barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, prompted the beginnings of a plan for the left-wing militants to","psg_id":"6085147"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"as a part of the \"Commander Keen Complete Pack\". According to Steam Spy, as of 2017 over 200,000 copies are registered through Steam. Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities","psg_id":"19569785"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Women were given equal pay and paid maternity leave, and sex discrimination was made illegal. Organisations for education (Center for Popular Education), health care, and youth affairs (National Youth Organization) were also established. In 1983, an internal power struggle began over Bishop's relatively moderate foreign policy approach, and on 19 October, hard-line military junta elements captured and executed Bishop and his partner Jacqueline Creft, along with three cabinet ministers and two union leaders. Subsequently, following appeals by the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and the Governor-General of Grenada, Paul Scoon, the Reagan Administration in the U.S. quickly decided to launch","psg_id":"1392008"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities of Mars, prevents a recently arrived alien mothership from destroying landmarks on Earth, and hunts down the leader of the aliens, the Grand","psg_id":"19569748"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"Slavery was abolished in the 1830s. In 1885, the island became the capital of the British Windward Islands. Grenada achieved independence from Britain in 1974. Following a coup by the Marxist New Jewel Movement in 1983, the island was invaded by United States troops and the government overthrown. The island's major crop, nutmeg, was significantly damaged by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. About 2 million years ago, Grenada was formed as an underwater volcano. Before the arrival of Europeans, Grenada was inhabited by Arawaks and, subsequently, Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the new world.","psg_id":"155323"},{"title":"People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)","text":"being ousted by the U.S. invasion of Grenada. People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) The People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) was proclaimed on 13 March 1979 after the New Jewel Movement overthrew the government of Grenada in a revolution. The government suspended the constitution and ruled by decree until a factional conflict broke out, culminating in a United States military intervention on 25 October 1983. The New Jewel Movement (NJM) under the leadership of Maurice Bishop was the main opposition party in Grenada during the 1970s. In 1979, the NJM overthrew the government of Eric Gairy, which had ruled the country since independence","psg_id":"6827126"},{"title":"History of Jamaica","text":"next year and was one of the architects of the Caribbean Basin Initiative, which was sponsored by Reagan. He delayed his promise to cut diplomatic relations with Cuba until a year later when he accused the Cuban government of giving asylum to Jamaican criminals. Seaga supported the collapse of the Marxist regime in Grenada and the subsequent US-led invasion of that island in October 1983. On the back of the Grenada invasion, Seaga called snap elections at the end of 1983, which Manley's PNP boycotted. His party thus controlled all seats in parliament. In an unusual move, because the Jamaican","psg_id":"212893"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"of the United States military when operating together as a joint force, contributing to investigations and sweeping changes in the form of the Goldwater-Nichols Act and other reorganizations. Sir Eric Gairy had led Grenada to independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. His term in office coincided with civil strife in Grenada. The political environment was highly charged and although Gairy—head of the Grenada United Labour Party—claimed victory in the general election of 1976, the opposition did not accept the result as legitimate. The civil strife took the form of street violence between Gairy's private army, the Mongoose Gang, and","psg_id":"1392013"},{"title":"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom","text":"Ronald Reagan, based on their shared distrust of Communism. A more serious disagreement came in 1983 when Reagan did not consult with her on the invasion of Grenada. During her first year as Prime Minister she supported NATO's decision to deploy US nuclear cruise and Pershing II missiles in Western Europe and permitted the US to station more than 160 cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common, starting on 14 November 1983. That decision triggered mass protests by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. She bought the Trident nuclear missile submarine system from the US to replace Polaris, tripling the UK's nuclear","psg_id":"19682351"},{"title":"Grenada–North Korea relations","text":"assistance to the People’s Revolutionary Government of Grenada. The agreement was in return for weapons and ammunitions that were worth US$12 million. During the United States invasion of Grenada, North Korea sent 24 troops to fight against the United States and the Caribbean Peace Force troops. Grenada–North Korea relations Grenada–North Korea relations () were formally formal diplomatic relations between the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea established full diplomatic relations on Wednesday 9 May 1979. The two countries' diplomatic relationship ended","psg_id":"16614973"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"which provided partial funding, all claimed the airstrip did not have military capabilities. Reagan was worried that Cubaunder the direction of the Soviet Unionwould use Grenada as a refuelling stop for Cuban and Soviet aeroplanes loaded with weapons destined for Central American communist insurgents. On October 25, 1983, combined forces from the United States and from the Regional Security System (RSS) based in Barbados invaded Grenada in an operation codenamed \"Operation Urgent Fury\". The US stated this was done at the behest of Prime Minister Eugenia Charles of Dominica. While the Governor-General of Grenada, Sir Paul Scoon, later stated that","psg_id":"11916885"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"work on \"Commander Keen in the Invasion of the Vorticons\". The Ideas from the Deep team, who referred to themselves as the \"IFD guys\", could not afford to leave their jobs to work on the game full-time, so they continued to work at Softdisk making \"Gamer's Edge\" games during the day while working on \"Commander Keen\" at night. They also continued to take home their work computers to Carmack's house on the weekends, putting them in their cars at night and bringing them back in the morning before anyone else arrived; they even began to request upgrades to the computers","psg_id":"19569769"},{"title":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)","text":"Troops, Joint Helicopter Command, and Training Support under him. The post of Commander Field Army ceased to exist from 1 November 2011 following a major army command reorganisation. The post of Deputy Commander Land Forces was recreated again in January 2012. Recent Commanders have been:
Deputy Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces Commander UK Field Army Deputy Commander-in-Chief Land Command Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Land Forces In 2011 a two-star appointment was created for the officer commanding the Territorial Army; this officer has inherited the above designation. Recent Commanders for the Territorial Army/Army Reserves have been: Deputy Commander Land Forces (Reserves)","psg_id":"13837275"},{"title":"Deputy Commander (horse)","text":"Derby. However, by autumn he had matured into a powerful colt who won the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby before running second to Skip Away in the 1997 Breeders' Cup Classic at Hollywood Park Racetrack. After being retired from racing, Deputy Commander stood at stud in Kentucky at Stonerside Stable and Airdrie Stud, and in 2007 stood at stud at Ballena Vista Farm in Ramona, California. Among his progeny are Grab Your Heart and Deputy Glitters as well as Ten Most Wanted, who followed in his sire's footsteps by winning both the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby. Due","psg_id":"10284161"},{"title":"Edward Trobaugh","text":"the 82nd Airborne Division from 24 June 1983 to 19 June 1985 and during this time led the division in the US invasion of Grenada. During the operation the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General John Vessey, reportedly called MG Trobaugh and said “We have two companies of Marines running all over the island and thousands of Army troops doing nothing. What the hell is going on?” His final assignment was as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Trobaugh retired from active service in 1987. After retiring from the U.S. Army in 1987, he returned to Kokomo Indiana. Edward Trobaugh","psg_id":"20558203"},{"title":"Foreign relations of Grenada","text":"System (RSS). Grenada has been an independent Commonwealth realm since 1974. Even under the People's Revolutionary Government, Grenada was never declared a republic, but remained a Commonwealth realm, albeit, under the dictatorship of the New Jewel Movement's leader, Maurice Bishop. Small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for cannabis and cocaine to the US. Foreign relations of Grenada The United States, Venezuela, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China have embassies in Grenada. Grenada has been recognized by most members of the United Nations and maintains diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Canada. Grenada is a","psg_id":"155388"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974. Independence was granted on 7 February 1974, under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who became the first Prime Minister of Grenada. In March 1979, the Marxist–Leninist New Jewel Movement overthrew Gairy's government in a coup d'état and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as Prime Minister. On 19 October 1983, hard-line Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice Bishop and placed Bishop under house arrest. Bishop was later freed by popular demonstration","psg_id":"11916870"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"of government, and formed an advisory council which named Nicholas Brathwaite as chairman pending new elections. Elections held in December 1984 were won by the Grenada National Party and a government was formed led by Prime Minister Herbert Blaize. U.S. forces remained in Grenada after combat operations finished in December as part of Operation Island Breeze. Elements remaining, including military police, special forces, and a specialized intelligence detachment, performed security missions and assisted members of the Caribbean Peacekeeping Force and the Royal Grenadian Police Force. The Point Salines International Airport was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop on","psg_id":"1392054"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"gangs organized by the New Jewel Movement (NJM). In the late 1970s the NJM began planning to overthrow the government. Party members began to receive military training outside of Grenada. On 13 March 1979, while Gairy was out of the country, the NJM—led by Maurice Bishop—launched an armed revolution and overthrew the government, establishing the People's Revolutionary Government. The Bishop government began constructing the Point Salines International Airport with the help of Britain, Cuba, Libya, Algeria, and other nations. The airport had been first proposed by the British government in 1954, when Grenada was still a British colony. It had","psg_id":"1392014"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"who stated that they were safe and did not feel their lives were in danger. The next evening, again by telephone, medical students told Koppel how grateful they were for the invasion and the Army Rangers, which probably saved their lives. State Department officials had assured the medical students that they would be able to complete their medical school education in the United States. On 2 November 1983 by a vote of 108 in favour to 9 voting against (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, El Salvador, Israel, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States), with","psg_id":"1392049"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"27 abstentions, the United Nations General Assembly adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law and of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of that State.\" It went on to deplore \"the death of innocent civilians\" the \"killing of the prime Minister and other prominent Grenadians\" and called for an \"immediate cessation of the armed intervention\" and demanded \"that free elections be organized\". This was the first military rollback of a Communist nation. The Soviet Union said that Grenada had for a long time been the object","psg_id":"1392050"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"game, \"Commander Keen\", was developed for the Game Boy Color in 2001 by David A. Palmer Productions in association with id Software, and published by Activision. The original trilogy has been released as part of several collections since its first release: the \"id Anthology\" compilation in 1996, a compilation release by Apogee in 1998 of \"Invasion of the Vorticons\" and \"Goodbye, Galaxy\", a similar compilation in 2001 by 3D Realms titled \"Commander Keen Combo CD\", and the \"3D Realms Anthology\" in 2014. They have also been released for modern computers through a DOS emulator, and sold through Steam since 2007","psg_id":"19569784"},{"title":"Kenneth Bowra","text":"Kenneth Bowra Kenneth Bowra is a retired major general who served in the US Army from 1970 to 2003. Bowra saw service with US special forces in the Vietnam War and Cambodian Civil War and has worked with the Central Intelligence Agency and Joint Special Operations Command. He later fought in the US Invasion of Grenada and in the Somali Civil War and First Gulf War. In 1998 he was given command of the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School and in 2000 was deputy commander of NATO's Kosovo Force. Retiring in 2003 he is now a diplomat","psg_id":"17126732"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"success; Apogee, whose monthly sales had been around US$7,000, made US$30,000 on \"Commander Keen\" alone in the first two weeks and US$60,000 per month by June, while the first royalty check convinced the development team, then known as Ideas from the Deep, to quit their jobs at Softdisk. The team founded id Software shortly thereafter and went on to produce another four episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series over the next year. The trilogy was lauded by reviewers due to the graphical achievement and humorous style, and id Software went on to develop other successful games, including \"Wolfenstein 3D\" (1992)","psg_id":"19569751"},{"title":"Economy of Grenada","text":"million (1995) Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 – 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of Grenada Grenada has a largely tourism-based, small, open economy. Over the past two decades, the economy has shifted from one of agriculture-dominant into that of services-dominant, with tourism serving as the leading foreign currency earning sector. The country's principal export crops are the spices nutmeg and mace (Grenada is the world’s second largest producer of nutmeg after Indonesia). Other crops for export include cocoa, citrus fruits, bananas, cloves, and","psg_id":"155384"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Syndrome so that the American public could be successfully galvanized to support new US military actions, with President Reagan after the invasion declaring: \"Our days of weakness are over. Our military forces are back on their feet and standing tall.\" A heavily fictionalized account of the invasion from a U.S. military perspective is shown in the 1986 Clint Eastwood motion picture \"Heartbreak Ridge\", in which Marines replaced the actual roles of U.S. Army units. Due to the movie's portrayal of several incompetent officers and NCOs, the Army withdrew its support of the movie. Analysis by the U.S. Department of Defense","psg_id":"1392059"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"and \"Doom\" (1993). The \"Vorticons\" trilogy has been released as part of several collections by id and Apogee since its first release, and has been sold for modern computers through Steam since 2007. The three episodes of \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\" make up one side-scrolling platform video game: most of the game features the player-controlled Commander Keen viewed from the side while moving on a two-dimensional plane. Keen can move left and right and can jump; after finding a pogo stick in the first episode, he can also bounce continuously and jump higher than he can normally","psg_id":"19569752"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"the army and executed along with seven others, including members of the cabinet on 19 October 1983. On 19 October 1983, the military under Hudson Austin took power in a second coup and formed a military government to run the country. A four-day total curfew was declared under which any civilian outside their home was subject to summary execution. A U.S.–Caribbean force invaded Grenada on October 25, 1983, in an action called Operation Urgent Fury, and swiftly defeated the Grenadan forces and their Cuban allies. During the fighting 45 Grenadians, 25 Cubans, and 19 Americans were killed. This action was","psg_id":"155342"},{"title":"Capture of Grenada (1779)","text":"isle of Saint Vincent, fell on June 18, and d'Estaing turned his attention to other islands. He had hoped to capture Barbados, a key British possession, but after making no progress against the prevailing easterly trade winds, he turned his attention instead to Grenada. Grenada was one of Britain's richest colonies, producing significant quantities of sugar on its plantations. Lord Macartney, the British governor, had been alerted to the possibility of a French attack. He made repeated requests for support to Admiral Byron and the British commander at St. Kitts, but was told that Saint Vincent was the principal French","psg_id":"14905598"},{"title":"Military history of the United States","text":"in Grenada, which had installed a communist-leaning government, led to increased tensions in the region. Neighboring nations asked the U.S. to intervene. The invasion was a hurriedly devised grouping of paratroopers, Marines, Rangers, and special operations forces in Operation Urgent Fury. Over a thousand Americans quickly seized the entire island, taking hundreds of military and civilian prisoners, especially Cubans, who were building a large military airstrip. In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in","psg_id":"1403048"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"a military intervention. U.S. President Ronald Reagan's justification for the intervention was in part explained as \"concerns over the 600 U.S. medical students on the island\" and fears of a repeat of the Iran hostage crisis. The U.S. invasion began six days after Bishop's death, on the morning of 25 October 1983, just two days and several hours after the bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut. The invading force consisted of the U.S. Army's Rapid Deployment Force (the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions and 82nd Airborne Division paratroopers); U.S. Marines (22nd MAU); U.S. Army Delta Force; U.S. Navy","psg_id":"1392009"},{"title":"Monarchy of Grenada","text":"Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Grenada. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law. One of the most complicated features of the Grenadian Monarchy is that it is a shared monarchy. Fifty-two states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sixteen of these states are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise the same","psg_id":"11767826"},{"title":"Order of Grenada","text":"her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General is formally advised by the National Awards Advisory Committee which consists of a citizen of Grenada appointed by the Governor-General after consultation with the Prime Minister of Grenada and the Leader of the Opposition, the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission, the Commissioner of Police, two persons representative of the public appointed by the Governor General one of whom is nominated","psg_id":"18902224"},{"title":"Monarchy of Grenada","text":"legal personality of the State is referred to as \"Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada.\" For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the government, the respondent is formally described as Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada. The monarch as an individual takes no more role in such an affair than in any other business of government. Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated","psg_id":"11767838"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"full autonomy over its internal affairs. Herbert Blaize was the first Premier of the Associated State of Grenada from March to August 1967. Eric Gairy served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974, as the Grenada United Labour Party won majorities in both the 1967 and 1972 general elections. On 7 February 1974, Grenada became a fully independent state. Grenada continued to practise a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch (head of state) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party","psg_id":"155339"},{"title":"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)","text":"Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General conducts vice regal investitures at Government House in St George's. Awards are usually announced each year on the occasion of the National Day of Grenada - 7 February. Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on","psg_id":"19434658"},{"title":"Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom","text":"Tyne. William Whitelaw was Margaret Thatcher's \"de facto\" deputy from 1979–1988, an unofficial position he combined with that of Home Secretary in 1979–1983 and Leader of the House of Lords after 1983. Sir Geoffrey Howe was bestowed the title of Deputy Prime Minister by Thatcher in 1989, on being removed from the post of Foreign Secretary. He resigned as her deputy in 1990, making a resignation speech that is widely thought to have hastened Thatcher's downfall. Thatcher's successor John Major did not appoint a Deputy Prime Minister until 1995, when Michael Heseltine was given the post. John Prescott, who was","psg_id":"1415231"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"items to keep them motivated. The game was completed in early December 1990, and on the afternoon of December 14, Miller began uploading the completed first episode to BBSs, with the other two episodes listed as available for purchase as a mailed plastic bag with floppy disks for US$30. \"Commander Keen\" was an immediate hit for Apogee: the company's previous sales levels had been around US$7,000 per month, but by Christmas \"Keen\" already had sales of almost US$30,000. Miller described the game as \"a little atom bomb\" to magazine editors and BBS controllers when asked about it; its success led","psg_id":"19569775"},{"title":"The Man Who Never Was","text":"Balchin's screenplay won the BAFTA for that year. In 1943, Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander, Ewen Montagu (Clifton Webb), comes up with a scheme to deceive the Nazis about the impending invasion of Southern Europe. It entails releasing a dead body just off the coast of Spain, where strong currents will almost certainly cause it to drift ashore in an area where a skilled German secret agent operates. The corpse will appear as a plane crash victim, the non-existent Royal Marine, Major William Martin, who is carrying false letters about a forthcoming Allied invasion of German-occupied Greece, rather than the obvious","psg_id":"4111925"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"He named the island \"Concepción.\" The origin of the name \"Grenada\" is obscure, but it is likely that Spanish sailors renamed the island for the city of Granada. By the beginning of the 18th century, the name \"Grenada\", or \"la Grenade\" in French, was in common use. Partly because of the Caribs, Grenada remained uncolonized for more than one hundred years after being sighted by Columbus. In June 1609, the first attempt at settlement by Europeans was made by an English expedition of 24 colonizers led by Mossis Goldfry, Hall, Lull, and Robincon, who arrived in the ships \"Diana\", the","psg_id":"155324"},{"title":"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election","text":"who won more than two-thirds of the votes. On the same day, Neil Kinnock won the leadership election. A young Peter Mandelson was employed in Hattersley's campaign team for the deputy leadership contest. The election took place at Labour Party conference, with affiliated trade unions holding 40% of the votes, delegates from Constituency Labour Parties holding 30% of the votes, and the Parliamentary Labour Party holding the final 30% of the votes. Labour Leadership Election, 1983 1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October","psg_id":"18356438"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"of the NJM. Though Bishop cooperated with Cuba and the USSR on various trade and foreign policy issues, he sought to maintain a \"non-aligned\" status. Bishop had been taking his time making Grenada wholly socialist, encouraging private-sector development in an attempt to make the island a popular tourist destination. Hardline Marxist party members, including communist Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, deemed Bishop insufficiently revolutionary and demanded that he either step down or enter into a power-sharing arrangement. On October 19, 1983, Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice","psg_id":"11916882"},{"title":"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)","text":"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada) The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983. The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New Jewel Movement seized power, the army expanded at a rapid pace. By 1983 Grenada’s People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces (PRAF) outnumbered their Eastern Caribbean","psg_id":"14615878"},{"title":"Grenadian Americans","text":"to have better jobs in Grenada in the future, they end up settling permanently in the US, and raising a family. Some do return to Grenada to help their compatriots. Grenadian Americans still retain strong ties to Grenada, and know much of the politics of their country, which is received by radio, newspapers and television. They also gather information through telephone communication with family and friends who still live there. Most Grenadian Americans supported the American invasion of Grenada in 1983 because they believed that, in this way, the US could restore democracy in that country. The Grenadians living in","psg_id":"15120182"},{"title":"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)","text":"Council and imposed a 24-hour immediate curfew. Violators were to be shot on sight. The curfew lasted four days and many prominent citizens were arrested. This included former Bishop officials, PRA officers and NJM members thought to be disloyal. On 25 October 1983, 7,600 troops, mostly from the United States along with some from the Caribbean Peace Force invaded Grenada encountering resistance from 1,200 to 1,500 troops of the People's Revolutionary Army. Many of the Grenadian troops surrendered, but some put up stiff resistance against the U.S.-led invasion force. By 27 October 1983, most of the Grenadian soldiers had either","psg_id":"14615882"},{"title":"HMS Grenada (1804)","text":"Burton replaced Barker as temporary commander. In mid-1808, \"Grenada\" recaptured the sloop \"Trafalgar\", Tyne, master, of Trinidad, which the French privateer \"Rodeur\" had captured. \"Grenada\" sent \"Trafalgar\" into Grenada. Then on 25 October, \"Grenada\" captured the French privateer \"Moriche\", of one gun and 60 men, off Trinidad. Then on 6 December 1808 Lieutenant Stephen Briggs commissioned \"Grenada\" for the Leeward Islands. He commanded her until she was sold. \"Grenada\", still under Briggs's command, also participated in the capture of Guadeloupe in January and February 1810. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp \"Guadaloupe\" to all","psg_id":"18857013"},{"title":"Politics of Grenada","text":"IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO,frat Politics of Grenada The politics of Grenada takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government. Grenada is an independent Commonwealth realm. It is governed under a multi-party parliamentary system whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom; it has a prime minister and a cabinet, and a bicameral Parliament with an elected House of Representatives and an appointed","psg_id":"155371"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"officials, seizing caches of weapons, and seeing to the repatriation of Cuban engineers. On 1 November, two companies from the 22nd Marine Amphibious Unit made a combined sea and helicopter landing on the island of Carriacou 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Grenada. The nineteen Grenadian soldiers defending the island surrendered without a fight. This was the last military action of the campaign. Official U.S. sources state that some of their opponents were well prepared and well positioned and put up stubborn resistance, to the extent that the U.S. called in two battalions of reinforcements on the evening of 26","psg_id":"1392043"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"to land reinforcements on the island; the capture of Pearls Airport by the 8th Marine Regiment; and the rescue of the U.S. students at the True Blue Campus of St. George's University. In addition, a number of special operations missions were undertaken to obtain intelligence and secure key individuals and equipment. In general, many of these missions were plagued by inadequate intelligence, planning, and accurate maps of any kind (the U.S. forces mostly relied upon tourist maps). The nature of the Cuban military presence in Grenada was more complex than initially thought. As in Angola, Ethiopia, and other nations with","psg_id":"1392024"},{"title":"Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)","text":"and after Ed Miliband resigned in 2015. Conversely, John Robert Clynes served as leader prior to becoming Deputy Leader. There are four living former deputy leaders. The most recent deputy leader to die was Denis Healey (1980-1983) on 3 October 2015. Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is a senior politician in the British Labour Party. The post is currently held by Tom Watson, who was elected as deputy on 12 September 2015. Unlike other political party leaders, the Labour leader does not have the power to appoint or dismiss his or","psg_id":"7948747"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"October. The Marines then captured Pearls Airport, encountering only light resistance, including a DShK machine gun which was destroyed by a Marine AH-1 Cobra. In the early morning of 25 October, UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters delivered SEAL Team 6 operators to Radio Free Grenada with the purpose of using the radio station for psychological operations. The station was captured unopposed and the SEALs destroyed the radio transmitter. However, a counter-attack with cars and an armored personnel carrier forced the lightly-armed SEALs to cut a fence and retreat into the ocean as they received fire from the armored personnel carrier. The SEALs","psg_id":"1392032"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"first day, the Army had to delay pursuing the second objective until it made contact with Marine forces. Early on the morning of the 26 October, a patrol from the 2nd Battalion of the 325th Infantry Regiment was ambushed by Cuban forces near the village of Calliste, suffering six wounded and two killed in the ensuing firefight, including the commander of Company B. Following that, U.S. Navy air strikes and an artillery bombardment by 105mm howitzers targeting the main Cuban encampment eventually led to their surrender at 08:30. US forces pushed on into the village of Frequente, where they discovered","psg_id":"1392038"},{"title":"Demographics of Grenada","text":"Demographics of Grenada This article is about the demographic features of the population of Grenada, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the 2011 census Grenada has 105,539 inhabitants. The estimated population of is (). The fertility rate in Grenada was 2.21 in 2013. The vast majority of the population of Grenada are of African descent (89.4% at the 2001 census). There is also a significant mixed population (8.2%), along with a small European origin minority (0.4%), East Indians (1.6%), and there are small numbers","psg_id":"155359"},{"title":"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election","text":"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October 1983 to replace incumbent Deputy Leader Denis Healey. Healey had served in the position since 1980, becoming deputy leader at the same time that Michael Foot became party leader. Foot and Healey had both announced their resignations after the general election on 9 June 1983, in which a disastrous performance left the Labour Party with just 209 seats in parliament. The election was conducted using the Labour party's electoral college. It was won by Roy Hattersley,","psg_id":"18356437"},{"title":"Dessima Williams","text":"served as Grenada’s representative to the Organization of American States, Deputy Governor to the World Bank and Deputy Permanent Representative to the Inter-American Commission of Women. At the Organization of American States, she shepherded resolutions such as the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace, Development and Independence and promotion of small island states. At 32 years of ages she was named ambassador to the United States by Grenada's Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, whose murder Aug. 12, 1983, set off a bloody power struggle on the island nation that led to the US invasion of Grenada. The Reagan administration refused to","psg_id":"7766903"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"been designed by Canadians, underwritten by the British government, and partly built by a London firm. The U.S. government accused Grenada of constructing facilities to aid a Soviet-Cuban military buildup in the Caribbean based upon the 9,000-foot length runway, which could accommodate the largest Soviet aircraft like the An-12, An-22, and the An-124, which would enhance the Soviet and Cuban transportation of weapons to Central American insurgents and expand Soviet regional influence. Bishop's government claimed that the airport was built to accommodate commercial aircraft carrying tourists, pointing out that such jets could not land at Pearls Airport on the island's","psg_id":"1392015"},{"title":"Order of Grenada","text":"Order of Grenada The Order of Grenada is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. The order recognises distinguished and outstanding service or meritorious service or achievement, or for gallantry. Nationals of Grenada and non-nationals may receive this Order. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in","psg_id":"18902223"},{"title":"Military of Puerto Rico","text":"Puerto Rico as a base to rehearse and launch military operations in Latin America and throughout the world. Operations launched from Puerto Rico include the 1954 intervention in Guatemala; the 1965 invasion of the Dominican Republic; the 1983 invasion of Grenada; the 1989 invasion of Panama; support of Salvadoran military; preparation for operation Desert Storm and Desert Fox in Iraq; and preparation for the War in Yugoslavia. Near Aguada the US marine operates a LF-transmitter with a 367.3 metres tall guyed mast, the tallest man-made object in the Caribbean area . Military of Puerto Rico The military defense of Puerto","psg_id":"316303"},{"title":"Soviet invasion of Xinjiang","text":"planes for about 30 days. When reports that the Chinese forces had defeated and killed the Soviets reached Chinese prisoners in Urumqi, they were reportedly so jubilant that they jumped around in their cells. Ma Hushan, Deputy Divisional Commander of the 36th division, became well known for victories over Russian forces during the invasion. At this point, Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang Shaohong and his expeditionary force which he assembled to assist Ma Zhongying against Sheng, but when Chiang heard about the Soviet invasion, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged","psg_id":"14652064"},{"title":"Wyatt Cenac","text":"moving to Los Angeles. As of October 2014, Cenac lives in Fort Greene, Brooklyn and previously lived in Prospect Heights during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Cenac is the nephew of the Hon. Mr. Justice Dunbar Cenac, Registry of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. His father was the cousin of former deputy prime minister of Grenada Bernard Coard, who was imprisoned for 25 years following the American invasion of Grenada in October 1983. Cenac's paternal 3x-great-grandfather Cherebin Cenac was an officer from Agen, France on a French battleship during the Napoleonic Wars who settled in Soufrière, Saint Lucia. Cherebin's youngest child","psg_id":"12129101"},{"title":"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)","text":"Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand","psg_id":"19434657"},{"title":"John W. Nicholson Jr.","text":"general officer in the United States Army, distantly related to British Brigadier John Nicholson (1822–1857). John W. Nicholson Jr. graduated from West Point in 1982 and was commissioned into the infantry. He earned a Bronze Star with \"V\" device as a paratroop lieutenant during the invasion of Grenada in 1983. He was a strategist for Eric Shinseki at the point of the 9/11 attacks. He went on to do six tours in Afghanistan. Nicholson was the deputy director of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization. He became commander of the 82nd Airborne Division in 2012. In 2014 Nicholson took","psg_id":"18795542"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"had not been made public. Scoon was well within his rights to take this action under the reserve powers vested in the Crown. On Saturday 22 October 1983, the Deputy High Commissioner in Bridgetown, Barbados visited Grenada and reported that Sir Paul Scoon was well and \\\"did not request military intervention, either directly or indirectly\\\". However, in his book, \\\"Survival for Service\\\", Scoon confirmed that he had invited the United States and Caribbean nations to intervene militarily, before the invasion. On 25 October, Grenada was invaded by the combined forces of the United States and the Regional Security System (RSS)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"for Democracy\\\" parodies the invasion using a fictitious British Commonwealth country called St George's Island located in the Indian Ocean and under threat of Communist invasion and American counter-invasion. United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted in the house arrest and the execution of the previous leader and second Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop, and the establishment of a preliminary government, the Revolutionary Military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392006\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. also destroyed a significant amount of Grenada's military hardware, including six APCs and an armored car. A second armored car was impounded and later shipped back to Marine Corps Base Quantico for inspection. The US government defended its invasion of Grenada as an action to protect American citizens, including medical students, living on the island. \\\"Action was necessary to resolve what Article 28 of...[the charter of the Organization of American States (O.A.S.)] refers to as a 'situation that might endanger the peace,'\\\" said US Deputy Secretary of State Kenneth W. Dam, adding that \\\"Both the O.A.S. Charter, in articles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392045\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"invasion. The 1990 film \\\"Die Hard 2\\\" mentioned Grenada when a unit of soldiers talked among themselves about the invasion. The 1994 film \\\"Natural Born Killers\\\" mentioned Grenada when one of the main characters claimed he witnessed the invasion. In the 2013 movie \\\"The Wolf of Wall Street\\\", the invasion of Grenada is used as a metaphor for a court case that is impossible to lose. In 2012 and 2014 \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" sketches where Bill Hader attends a puppet class and uses his puppet to tell his grim stories of the invasion. The \\\"Yes Prime Minister\\\" episode \\\"A Victory\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Defence force of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20685450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"with an annual memorial ceremony. In 2008, the Government of Grenada announced a move to build a monument to honour the Cubans killed during the invasion. At the time of the announcement the Cuban and Grenadian governments are still seeking to identify a suitable site for the monument. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, COMSECONDFLT, became Commander, Joint Task Force 120 (CJTF 120), and commanded units from the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard from the flag spaces aboard the MARG flagship, USS Guam. CJTF 120 was supported by Rear Admiral Richard E. Berry (COMCRUDESGRU Eight) (Commander Task Group\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"vetoed by the United States. A month after the invasion, \\\"Time\\\" magazine described it as having \\\"broad popular support.\\\" A congressional study group concluded that the invasion had been justified, as most members felt that U.S. students at the university near a contested runway could have been taken hostage as U.S. diplomats in Iran had been four years previously. The group's report caused House Speaker Tip O'Neill to change his position on the issue from opposition to support. In the evening of 25 October 1983 by telephone, on the newscast \\\"Nightline\\\", anchor Ted Koppel spoke to medical students on Grenada\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"at 05:00 on 25 October 1983. U.S. forces refuelled and departed from the Grantley Adams International Airport on the nearby Caribbean island of Barbados before daybreak en route to Grenada. It was the first major operation conducted by the U.S. military since the Vietnam War. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, Commander Second Fleet, was the overall commander of U.S. forces, designated Joint Task Force 120, which included elements of each military service and multiple special operations units. Fighting continued for several days and the total number of U.S. troops reached some 7,000 along with 300 troops from the Organization of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"due to differences in charts and location coordinates, data, and methods of calling for fire support. Communications between services were also noted as not being compatible and hindered the coordination of operations. The landing strip was drawn by hand on the map given to some members of the invasion force. Conservative US leaders, and Ronald Reagan in particular, had long complained about the \\\"Vietnam Syndrome,\\\" the aversion on the part of the American people to U.S. military operations following the Vietnam War. The Reagan administration hoped that the perceived success of the invasion of Grenada would help dispel the Vietnam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392058\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada–Soviet Union relations\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada–Soviet Union relations Grenada-Soviet relations refers to the relations between Grenada, and the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations between Grenada and the Soviet Union were severed in November 1983 by the Governor General of Grenada. Eventually in 2002, Grenada re-established diplomatic relations with the newly formed Russian Federation. During the New Jewel Movement, the Soviet Union tried to make the island of Grenada to function as a Soviet base, and also by getting supplies from Cuba. On October 1983, during the U.S. invasion of Grenada, U.S. President Ronald Reagan maintained that US Marines arrived on the island of Grenada, which was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12278749\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Defence force of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"seaport security and fire services. With 15 police stations and 900 staff members, the force responds to over 15,000 crimes and incidents per year. The Royal Grenada Police Force also has a paramilitary force for national defense. Official Defense is the responsibility of the Regional Security System . Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20685455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"flights, and that evidence indicated that the airport was to become a Cuban-Soviet forward military airbase. On 29 May 2009 the Point Salines International Airport was officially renamed the Maurice Bishop International Airport, in honour of the slain pre-coup leader Maurice Bishop by the Government of Grenada. On 16 October 1983, a party faction led by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard seized power. Bishop was placed under house arrest. Mass protests against the action led to Bishop's escaping detention and reasserting his authority as the head of the government. Bishop was eventually captured and murdered, along with his pregnant partner,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"than 5,000 medals to its soldiers for merit and valor. The date of the invasion is now a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, which commemorates the freeing, after the invasion, of several political prisoners who were subsequently elected to office. A truth and reconciliation commission was launched in 2000 to re-examine some of the controversies of the era; in particular, the commission made an unsuccessful attempt to find Bishop's body, which had been disposed of at Hudson Austin's order, and never found. For the U.S., the invasion also highlighted issues with communication and coordination between the different branches\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"to Grenada in 1984. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Braithwaite was appointed Prime Minister of an interim administration by the Governor General Sir Paul Scoon until elections could be organized. On 28 October 1984, the new Point Salines International Airport was opened, which enabled Grenada to receive large commercial jets for the first time. The first democratic elections since 1976 were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize who won 14 out of 15 seats in elections and served as Prime Minister until his death in December\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"that would have been necessary to remove US citizens. The UN Charter prohibits the use of force by member states except in cases of self defense or when specifically authorized by the UN Security Council. The UN Security Council had not even considered the matter, let alone authorized invasion. Similarly, the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of 108 to 9 (with 27 abstentions) adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \\\"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law.\\\" A similar resolution in the United Nations Security Council received widespread support but was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"arrested after the invasion on charges related to the murder of Maurice Bishop and seven others. The eighteen included the top political leadership of Grenada at the time of the execution as well as the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions. Fourteen were sentenced to death, one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to 45 years in prison. The death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment. Those in prison have become known as the Grenada 17. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Brathwaite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada 17\",\n \"text\": \"stating that their arrest and trial had been a miscarriage of justice. Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10653815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada 17\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence led to Bishop being freed. Bishop then went with a large group\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10653809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada in 1983, later stated that he issued weapons and ammunition to many of the construction workers for the purpose of self-defense. According to journalist Bob Woodward in his book \\\"Veil\\\", captured \\\"military advisors\\\" from socialist countries were actually accredited diplomats and their dependents. None, Woodward claimed, took any actual part in the fighting. Other historians have asserted that most of the supposed civil technicians on Grenada were Cuban special forces and combat engineers. Cuban nationals were expressly forbidden to surrender to U.S. forces. U.S. Special Operations Forces were deployed to Grenada beginning on 23 October, before the 25 October\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of United States threats, that the invasion violated international law, and that no small nation not to the liking of the United States would find itself safe if the aggression against Grenada were not rebuffed. The governments of some countries stated that the United States intervention was a return to the era of barbarism. The governments of other countries said the United States by its invasion had violated several treaties and conventions to which it was a party. A similar resolution was discussed in the United Nations Security Council and although receiving widespread support it was ultimately vetoed by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"and attempted to resume power, but he was captured and executed by soldiers. On 25 October 1983, forces from the United States and the Barbados-based Regional Security System (RSS) invaded Grenada in a U.S.-led operation code-named \\\"Operation Urgent Fury\\\". The invasion was highly criticised by the governments of Britain, Trinidad and Tobago and Canada, along with the United Nations General Assembly. Elections were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize, who served as Prime Minister until his death in December 1989. The origin of the name \\\"Grenada\\\" is obscure, but it is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Task Force 20\",\n \"text\": \"the core of Task Group 20.5, the carrier task group that would support the Invasion of Grenada. On 25 October 1983, aircraft from Independence's embarked air wing flew missions supporting the invasion. The post of Commander, Task Force 20, which was an additional post for the fleet's commander during the fleet's existence, has been maintained as a three-star vice admiral's position who also concurrently serves as the deputy commander of Fleet & Joint Operations, the deputy commander of U.S. Fleet Forces Command and the director of Combined Joint Operations From The Sea, Centre of Excellence. Task Force 20 was commanded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4660931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"United States. President of the United States Ronald Reagan, when asked if he was concerned by the lopsided 108–9 vote in the UN General Assembly, said, \\\"it didn't upset my breakfast at all.\\\" Grenada is part of the Commonwealth of Nations and, following the invasion, it requested help from other Commonwealth members. The intervention was opposed by Commonwealth members including the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, and Canada, among others. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a close ally of Reagan on other matters, personally opposed the U.S. invasion. Reagan told her it might happen; she did not know for sure\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"powers of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and created the concept of a truly unified joint U.S. forces (i.e., Army, Air Force, Marines, and Naval forces organized under one command). One of the first reorganizations resulting from both the Department of Defense analysis and the legislation was the formation of the U.S. Special Operations Command in 1987. October 25 is a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, to commemorate the invasion. St. George's University (SGU) built a monument on its True Blue Campus to memorialize the U.S. servicemen killed during the invasion, and marks the day\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392061\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"SEALs, and ancillary forces totaling 7,600 U.S.troops, together with Jamaican forces, and troops of the Regional Security System (RSS). USAF Pararescue and TACP personnel from the 21St Tass, Shaw AFB were attached to various other Special Operations Units during the Grenada conflict. The invasion force defeated Grenadian resistance after a low-altitude airborne assault by Rangers on Point Salines Airport at the south end of the island, and a Marine helicopter and amphibious landing on the north end at Pearls Airport. The military government of Hudson Austin was deposed and replaced by a government appointed by Governor-General Paul Scoon. The invasion\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"it was coming until three hours before. At 12:30 on the morning of the invasion, Thatcher sent a message to Reagan: Reagan told Thatcher before anyone else that the invasion would begin in a few hours, but ignored her complaints. She publicly supported the U.S. action. Reagan phoned to apologize for the miscommunication, and the long-term friendly relationship endured. Following the U.S. victory, the American and Caribbean governments quickly reaffirmed Scoon as Queen Elizabeth II's sole legitimate representative in Grenada—and hence, the only lawful authority on the island. In accordance with Commonwealth constitutional practice, Scoon assumed power as interim head\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by trainer Wallace Dollase. A late developer, Deputy Commander never made it to the 1997 Kentucky\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10284160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"north end (5,200 feet) and could not be expanded because its runway abutted a mountain at one end and the ocean at the other. In 1983, then-member of the United States House of Representatives Ron Dellums (D, California), traveled to Grenada on a fact-finding mission, having been invited by the country's prime minister. Dellums described his findings before Congress: ... based on my personal observations, discussion and analysis of the new international airport under construction in Grenada, it is my conclusion that this project is specifically now and has always been for the purpose of economic development and is not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"29 May 2009, the 65th anniversary of his birth. Hundreds of Grenadians turned out to commemorate the event. Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada, gave the keynote speech and referred to the renaming as an act of the Grenadian people coming home to themselves. He also hoped that it would help bring closure to a chapter of denial in Grenada's history. The invasion showed problems with the U.S. government's \\\"information apparatus,\\\" which \\\"Time\\\" described as still being in \\\"some disarray\\\" three weeks after the invasion. For example, the U.S. State Department falsely claimed that a mass grave had been discovered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392055\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada–United States relations\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada–United States relations Grenada – United States relations are bilateral relations between Grenada and the United States. The United States recognized Grenada on the 7 February 1974, as the same day as Grenada got independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These nations formally established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1974. In October 1983, the United States led an invasion of Grenada, code named Urgent Fury, after the overthrow and murder of the leader of Grenada, Maurice Bishop, by the Bernard Coard. The U.S. Government established an embassy in Grenada in November 1983. The U.S. Ambassador\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11632601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"to a decline in his physiological and neurological health, he was euthanized October 7, 2009. Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10284162\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Commander Land Forces Deputy Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13837276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Council with Hudson Austin as Chairman. The invasion resulted in the appointment of an interim government, followed by democratic elections in 1984. The country has remained a democratic nation since then. Grenada gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. The Marxist-Leninist New Jewel Movement seized power in a coup in 1979 under Maurice Bishop, suspending the constitution and detaining a number of political prisoners. Among Bishop's core principles were workers' rights, women's rights, and the struggle against racism and Apartheid. Under Bishop's leadership, the National Women’s Organization was formed which participated in policy decisions along with other social groups.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Revolutionary Government. The last major special operation was a mission to rescue and evacuate Governor General Paul Scoon from his mansion in Saint George, Grenada. The mission departed late at 05:30 on 25 October from Barbados, resulting in the Grenadian forces being already aware of the U.S. invasion. They closely guarded Governor Scoon. Although the SEAL team's entry into the mansion went unopposed, a counterattack led by BTR-60 armored personnel carriers trapped the SEALs and the governor inside. AC-130 gunships, A-7 Corsair strike planes, and AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters were called in to support the besieged SEALs, but the SEALs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division and 3rd Mechanised Division), HQ 6th Division, Theatre\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13837274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"22 and 28, and the U.N. Charter, in Article 52, recognize the competence of regional security bodies in ensuring regional peace and stability.\\\" Dam was referring the decision by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to approve the invasion. However, scholars of international law have concluded that the invasion constituted neither justifiable self-defense (because there was no credible imminent threat to the US), nor humanitarian intervention or rescue (because there was no credible immediate danger to US citizens), and, in any case, the US invasion far exceeded in the scope and magnitude of force used and in duration any action\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 United States Senate bombing\",\n \"text\": \"the United States military invaded the socialist island nation of Grenada, and replaced the socialist government with the previous government under Governor-General Paul Scoon and Chairman of the Interim Advisory Council Nicholas Brathwaite, the country having been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. At the time, the invasion was supported by 64% of the US population. However, members of the left wing militant group, the Resistance Conspiracy, were perturbed. The invasion of Grenada, coupled with the October 1983 bombing of a United States Marines barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, prompted the beginnings of a plan for the left-wing militants to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6085147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"as a part of the \\\"Commander Keen Complete Pack\\\". According to Steam Spy, as of 2017 over 200,000 copies are registered through Steam. Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \\\"Commander Keen\\\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Women were given equal pay and paid maternity leave, and sex discrimination was made illegal. Organisations for education (Center for Popular Education), health care, and youth affairs (National Youth Organization) were also established. In 1983, an internal power struggle began over Bishop's relatively moderate foreign policy approach, and on 19 October, hard-line military junta elements captured and executed Bishop and his partner Jacqueline Creft, along with three cabinet ministers and two union leaders. Subsequently, following appeals by the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and the Governor-General of Grenada, Paul Scoon, the Reagan Administration in the U.S. quickly decided to launch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \\\"Commander Keen\\\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities of Mars, prevents a recently arrived alien mothership from destroying landmarks on Earth, and hunts down the leader of the aliens, the Grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569748\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Slavery was abolished in the 1830s. In 1885, the island became the capital of the British Windward Islands. Grenada achieved independence from Britain in 1974. Following a coup by the Marxist New Jewel Movement in 1983, the island was invaded by United States troops and the government overthrown. The island's major crop, nutmeg, was significantly damaged by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. About 2 million years ago, Grenada was formed as an underwater volcano. Before the arrival of Europeans, Grenada was inhabited by Arawaks and, subsequently, Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the new world.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"being ousted by the U.S. invasion of Grenada. People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) The People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) was proclaimed on 13 March 1979 after the New Jewel Movement overthrew the government of Grenada in a revolution. The government suspended the constitution and ruled by decree until a factional conflict broke out, culminating in a United States military intervention on 25 October 1983. The New Jewel Movement (NJM) under the leadership of Maurice Bishop was the main opposition party in Grenada during the 1970s. In 1979, the NJM overthrew the government of Eric Gairy, which had ruled the country since independence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6827126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Jamaica\",\n \"text\": \"next year and was one of the architects of the Caribbean Basin Initiative, which was sponsored by Reagan. He delayed his promise to cut diplomatic relations with Cuba until a year later when he accused the Cuban government of giving asylum to Jamaican criminals. Seaga supported the collapse of the Marxist regime in Grenada and the subsequent US-led invasion of that island in October 1983. On the back of the Grenada invasion, Seaga called snap elections at the end of 1983, which Manley's PNP boycotted. His party thus controlled all seats in parliament. In an unusual move, because the Jamaican\",\n \"psg_id\": \"212893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of the United States military when operating together as a joint force, contributing to investigations and sweeping changes in the form of the Goldwater-Nichols Act and other reorganizations. Sir Eric Gairy had led Grenada to independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. His term in office coincided with civil strife in Grenada. The political environment was highly charged and although Gairy—head of the Grenada United Labour Party—claimed victory in the general election of 1976, the opposition did not accept the result as legitimate. The civil strife took the form of street violence between Gairy's private army, the Mongoose Gang, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan, based on their shared distrust of Communism. A more serious disagreement came in 1983 when Reagan did not consult with her on the invasion of Grenada. During her first year as Prime Minister she supported NATO's decision to deploy US nuclear cruise and Pershing II missiles in Western Europe and permitted the US to station more than 160 cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common, starting on 14 November 1983. That decision triggered mass protests by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. She bought the Trident nuclear missile submarine system from the US to replace Polaris, tripling the UK's nuclear\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19682351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada–North Korea relations\",\n \"text\": \"assistance to the People’s Revolutionary Government of Grenada. The agreement was in return for weapons and ammunitions that were worth US$12 million. During the United States invasion of Grenada, North Korea sent 24 troops to fight against the United States and the Caribbean Peace Force troops. Grenada–North Korea relations Grenada–North Korea relations () were formally formal diplomatic relations between the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea established full diplomatic relations on Wednesday 9 May 1979. The two countries' diplomatic relationship ended\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16614973\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"which provided partial funding, all claimed the airstrip did not have military capabilities. Reagan was worried that Cubaunder the direction of the Soviet Unionwould use Grenada as a refuelling stop for Cuban and Soviet aeroplanes loaded with weapons destined for Central American communist insurgents. On October 25, 1983, combined forces from the United States and from the Regional Security System (RSS) based in Barbados invaded Grenada in an operation codenamed \\\"Operation Urgent Fury\\\". The US stated this was done at the behest of Prime Minister Eugenia Charles of Dominica. While the Governor-General of Grenada, Sir Paul Scoon, later stated that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"work on \\\"Commander Keen in the Invasion of the Vorticons\\\". The Ideas from the Deep team, who referred to themselves as the \\\"IFD guys\\\", could not afford to leave their jobs to work on the game full-time, so they continued to work at Softdisk making \\\"Gamer's Edge\\\" games during the day while working on \\\"Commander Keen\\\" at night. They also continued to take home their work computers to Carmack's house on the weekends, putting them in their cars at night and bringing them back in the morning before anyone else arrived; they even began to request upgrades to the computers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)\",\n \"text\": \"Troops, Joint Helicopter Command, and Training Support under him. The post of Commander Field Army ceased to exist from 1 November 2011 following a major army command reorganisation. The post of Deputy Commander Land Forces was recreated again in January 2012. Recent Commanders have been:
Deputy Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces Commander UK Field Army Deputy Commander-in-Chief Land Command Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Land Forces In 2011 a two-star appointment was created for the officer commanding the Territorial Army; this officer has inherited the above designation. Recent Commanders for the Territorial Army/Army Reserves have been: Deputy Commander Land Forces (Reserves)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13837275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Derby. However, by autumn he had matured into a powerful colt who won the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby before running second to Skip Away in the 1997 Breeders' Cup Classic at Hollywood Park Racetrack. After being retired from racing, Deputy Commander stood at stud in Kentucky at Stonerside Stable and Airdrie Stud, and in 2007 stood at stud at Ballena Vista Farm in Ramona, California. Among his progeny are Grab Your Heart and Deputy Glitters as well as Ten Most Wanted, who followed in his sire's footsteps by winning both the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby. Due\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10284161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Trobaugh\",\n \"text\": \"the 82nd Airborne Division from 24 June 1983 to 19 June 1985 and during this time led the division in the US invasion of Grenada. During the operation the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General John Vessey, reportedly called MG Trobaugh and said “We have two companies of Marines running all over the island and thousands of Army troops doing nothing. What the hell is going on?” His final assignment was as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Trobaugh retired from active service in 1987. After retiring from the U.S. Army in 1987, he returned to Kokomo Indiana. Edward Trobaugh\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20558203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"System (RSS). Grenada has been an independent Commonwealth realm since 1974. Even under the People's Revolutionary Government, Grenada was never declared a republic, but remained a Commonwealth realm, albeit, under the dictatorship of the New Jewel Movement's leader, Maurice Bishop. Small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for cannabis and cocaine to the US. Foreign relations of Grenada The United States, Venezuela, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China have embassies in Grenada. Grenada has been recognized by most members of the United Nations and maintains diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Canada. Grenada is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155388\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974. Independence was granted on 7 February 1974, under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who became the first Prime Minister of Grenada. In March 1979, the Marxist–Leninist New Jewel Movement overthrew Gairy's government in a coup d'état and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as Prime Minister. On 19 October 1983, hard-line Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice Bishop and placed Bishop under house arrest. Bishop was later freed by popular demonstration\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of government, and formed an advisory council which named Nicholas Brathwaite as chairman pending new elections. Elections held in December 1984 were won by the Grenada National Party and a government was formed led by Prime Minister Herbert Blaize. U.S. forces remained in Grenada after combat operations finished in December as part of Operation Island Breeze. Elements remaining, including military police, special forces, and a specialized intelligence detachment, performed security missions and assisted members of the Caribbean Peacekeeping Force and the Royal Grenadian Police Force. The Point Salines International Airport was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"gangs organized by the New Jewel Movement (NJM). In the late 1970s the NJM began planning to overthrow the government. Party members began to receive military training outside of Grenada. On 13 March 1979, while Gairy was out of the country, the NJM—led by Maurice Bishop—launched an armed revolution and overthrew the government, establishing the People's Revolutionary Government. The Bishop government began constructing the Point Salines International Airport with the help of Britain, Cuba, Libya, Algeria, and other nations. The airport had been first proposed by the British government in 1954, when Grenada was still a British colony. It had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"who stated that they were safe and did not feel their lives were in danger. The next evening, again by telephone, medical students told Koppel how grateful they were for the invasion and the Army Rangers, which probably saved their lives. State Department officials had assured the medical students that they would be able to complete their medical school education in the United States. On 2 November 1983 by a vote of 108 in favour to 9 voting against (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, El Salvador, Israel, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States), with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392049\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"27 abstentions, the United Nations General Assembly adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \\\"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law and of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of that State.\\\" It went on to deplore \\\"the death of innocent civilians\\\" the \\\"killing of the prime Minister and other prominent Grenadians\\\" and called for an \\\"immediate cessation of the armed intervention\\\" and demanded \\\"that free elections be organized\\\". This was the first military rollback of a Communist nation. The Soviet Union said that Grenada had for a long time been the object\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392050\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"game, \\\"Commander Keen\\\", was developed for the Game Boy Color in 2001 by David A. Palmer Productions in association with id Software, and published by Activision. The original trilogy has been released as part of several collections since its first release: the \\\"id Anthology\\\" compilation in 1996, a compilation release by Apogee in 1998 of \\\"Invasion of the Vorticons\\\" and \\\"Goodbye, Galaxy\\\", a similar compilation in 2001 by 3D Realms titled \\\"Commander Keen Combo CD\\\", and the \\\"3D Realms Anthology\\\" in 2014. They have also been released for modern computers through a DOS emulator, and sold through Steam since 2007\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kenneth Bowra\",\n \"text\": \"Kenneth Bowra Kenneth Bowra is a retired major general who served in the US Army from 1970 to 2003. Bowra saw service with US special forces in the Vietnam War and Cambodian Civil War and has worked with the Central Intelligence Agency and Joint Special Operations Command. He later fought in the US Invasion of Grenada and in the Somali Civil War and First Gulf War. In 1998 he was given command of the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School and in 2000 was deputy commander of NATO's Kosovo Force. Retiring in 2003 he is now a diplomat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17126732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"success; Apogee, whose monthly sales had been around US$7,000, made US$30,000 on \\\"Commander Keen\\\" alone in the first two weeks and US$60,000 per month by June, while the first royalty check convinced the development team, then known as Ideas from the Deep, to quit their jobs at Softdisk. The team founded id Software shortly thereafter and went on to produce another four episodes of the \\\"Commander Keen\\\" series over the next year. The trilogy was lauded by reviewers due to the graphical achievement and humorous style, and id Software went on to develop other successful games, including \\\"Wolfenstein 3D\\\" (1992)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Economy of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"million (1995) Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 – 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of Grenada Grenada has a largely tourism-based, small, open economy. Over the past two decades, the economy has shifted from one of agriculture-dominant into that of services-dominant, with tourism serving as the leading foreign currency earning sector. The country's principal export crops are the spices nutmeg and mace (Grenada is the world’s second largest producer of nutmeg after Indonesia). Other crops for export include cocoa, citrus fruits, bananas, cloves, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Syndrome so that the American public could be successfully galvanized to support new US military actions, with President Reagan after the invasion declaring: \\\"Our days of weakness are over. Our military forces are back on their feet and standing tall.\\\" A heavily fictionalized account of the invasion from a U.S. military perspective is shown in the 1986 Clint Eastwood motion picture \\\"Heartbreak Ridge\\\", in which Marines replaced the actual roles of U.S. Army units. Due to the movie's portrayal of several incompetent officers and NCOs, the Army withdrew its support of the movie. Analysis by the U.S. Department of Defense\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392059\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Doom\\\" (1993). The \\\"Vorticons\\\" trilogy has been released as part of several collections by id and Apogee since its first release, and has been sold for modern computers through Steam since 2007. The three episodes of \\\"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\\\" make up one side-scrolling platform video game: most of the game features the player-controlled Commander Keen viewed from the side while moving on a two-dimensional plane. Keen can move left and right and can jump; after finding a pogo stick in the first episode, he can also bounce continuously and jump higher than he can normally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"the army and executed along with seven others, including members of the cabinet on 19 October 1983. On 19 October 1983, the military under Hudson Austin took power in a second coup and formed a military government to run the country. A four-day total curfew was declared under which any civilian outside their home was subject to summary execution. A U.S.–Caribbean force invaded Grenada on October 25, 1983, in an action called Operation Urgent Fury, and swiftly defeated the Grenadan forces and their Cuban allies. During the fighting 45 Grenadians, 25 Cubans, and 19 Americans were killed. This action was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Capture of Grenada (1779)\",\n \"text\": \"isle of Saint Vincent, fell on June 18, and d'Estaing turned his attention to other islands. He had hoped to capture Barbados, a key British possession, but after making no progress against the prevailing easterly trade winds, he turned his attention instead to Grenada. Grenada was one of Britain's richest colonies, producing significant quantities of sugar on its plantations. Lord Macartney, the British governor, had been alerted to the possibility of a French attack. He made repeated requests for support to Admiral Byron and the British commander at St. Kitts, but was told that Saint Vincent was the principal French\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14905598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"in Grenada, which had installed a communist-leaning government, led to increased tensions in the region. Neighboring nations asked the U.S. to intervene. The invasion was a hurriedly devised grouping of paratroopers, Marines, Rangers, and special operations forces in Operation Urgent Fury. Over a thousand Americans quickly seized the entire island, taking hundreds of military and civilian prisoners, especially Cubans, who were building a large military airstrip. In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1403048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"a military intervention. U.S. President Ronald Reagan's justification for the intervention was in part explained as \\\"concerns over the 600 U.S. medical students on the island\\\" and fears of a repeat of the Iran hostage crisis. The U.S. invasion began six days after Bishop's death, on the morning of 25 October 1983, just two days and several hours after the bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut. The invading force consisted of the U.S. Army's Rapid Deployment Force (the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions and 82nd Airborne Division paratroopers); U.S. Marines (22nd MAU); U.S. Army Delta Force; U.S. Navy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monarchy of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Grenada. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law. One of the most complicated features of the Grenadian Monarchy is that it is a shared monarchy. Fifty-two states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sixteen of these states are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11767826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General is formally advised by the National Awards Advisory Committee which consists of a citizen of Grenada appointed by the Governor-General after consultation with the Prime Minister of Grenada and the Leader of the Opposition, the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission, the Commissioner of Police, two persons representative of the public appointed by the Governor General one of whom is nominated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18902224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monarchy of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"legal personality of the State is referred to as \\\"Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada.\\\" For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the government, the respondent is formally described as Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada. The monarch as an individual takes no more role in such an affair than in any other business of government. Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11767838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"full autonomy over its internal affairs. Herbert Blaize was the first Premier of the Associated State of Grenada from March to August 1967. Eric Gairy served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974, as the Grenada United Labour Party won majorities in both the 1967 and 1972 general elections. On 7 February 1974, Grenada became a fully independent state. Grenada continued to practise a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch (head of state) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155339\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General conducts vice regal investitures at Government House in St George's. Awards are usually announced each year on the occasion of the National Day of Grenada - 7 February. Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \\\"National Honours and Awards Act\\\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19434658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom\",\n \"text\": \"Tyne. William Whitelaw was Margaret Thatcher's \\\"de facto\\\" deputy from 1979–1988, an unofficial position he combined with that of Home Secretary in 1979–1983 and Leader of the House of Lords after 1983. Sir Geoffrey Howe was bestowed the title of Deputy Prime Minister by Thatcher in 1989, on being removed from the post of Foreign Secretary. He resigned as her deputy in 1990, making a resignation speech that is widely thought to have hastened Thatcher's downfall. Thatcher's successor John Major did not appoint a Deputy Prime Minister until 1995, when Michael Heseltine was given the post. John Prescott, who was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1415231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"items to keep them motivated. The game was completed in early December 1990, and on the afternoon of December 14, Miller began uploading the completed first episode to BBSs, with the other two episodes listed as available for purchase as a mailed plastic bag with floppy disks for US$30. \\\"Commander Keen\\\" was an immediate hit for Apogee: the company's previous sales levels had been around US$7,000 per month, but by Christmas \\\"Keen\\\" already had sales of almost US$30,000. Miller described the game as \\\"a little atom bomb\\\" to magazine editors and BBS controllers when asked about it; its success led\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569775\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Never Was\",\n \"text\": \"Balchin's screenplay won the BAFTA for that year. In 1943, Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander, Ewen Montagu (Clifton Webb), comes up with a scheme to deceive the Nazis about the impending invasion of Southern Europe. It entails releasing a dead body just off the coast of Spain, where strong currents will almost certainly cause it to drift ashore in an area where a skilled German secret agent operates. The corpse will appear as a plane crash victim, the non-existent Royal Marine, Major William Martin, who is carrying false letters about a forthcoming Allied invasion of German-occupied Greece, rather than the obvious\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4111925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"He named the island \\\"Concepción.\\\" The origin of the name \\\"Grenada\\\" is obscure, but it is likely that Spanish sailors renamed the island for the city of Granada. By the beginning of the 18th century, the name \\\"Grenada\\\", or \\\"la Grenade\\\" in French, was in common use. Partly because of the Caribs, Grenada remained uncolonized for more than one hundred years after being sighted by Columbus. In June 1609, the first attempt at settlement by Europeans was made by an English expedition of 24 colonizers led by Mossis Goldfry, Hall, Lull, and Robincon, who arrived in the ships \\\"Diana\\\", the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election\",\n \"text\": \"who won more than two-thirds of the votes. On the same day, Neil Kinnock won the leadership election. A young Peter Mandelson was employed in Hattersley's campaign team for the deputy leadership contest. The election took place at Labour Party conference, with affiliated trade unions holding 40% of the votes, delegates from Constituency Labour Parties holding 30% of the votes, and the Parliamentary Labour Party holding the final 30% of the votes. Labour Leadership Election, 1983 1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18356438\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of the NJM. Though Bishop cooperated with Cuba and the USSR on various trade and foreign policy issues, he sought to maintain a \\\"non-aligned\\\" status. Bishop had been taking his time making Grenada wholly socialist, encouraging private-sector development in an attempt to make the island a popular tourist destination. Hardline Marxist party members, including communist Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, deemed Bishop insufficiently revolutionary and demanded that he either step down or enter into a power-sharing arrangement. On October 19, 1983, Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada) The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983. The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New Jewel Movement seized power, the army expanded at a rapid pace. By 1983 Grenada’s People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces (PRAF) outnumbered their Eastern Caribbean\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14615878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenadian Americans\",\n \"text\": \"to have better jobs in Grenada in the future, they end up settling permanently in the US, and raising a family. Some do return to Grenada to help their compatriots. Grenadian Americans still retain strong ties to Grenada, and know much of the politics of their country, which is received by radio, newspapers and television. They also gather information through telephone communication with family and friends who still live there. Most Grenadian Americans supported the American invasion of Grenada in 1983 because they believed that, in this way, the US could restore democracy in that country. The Grenadians living in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15120182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"Council and imposed a 24-hour immediate curfew. Violators were to be shot on sight. The curfew lasted four days and many prominent citizens were arrested. This included former Bishop officials, PRA officers and NJM members thought to be disloyal. On 25 October 1983, 7,600 troops, mostly from the United States along with some from the Caribbean Peace Force invaded Grenada encountering resistance from 1,200 to 1,500 troops of the People's Revolutionary Army. Many of the Grenadian troops surrendered, but some put up stiff resistance against the U.S.-led invasion force. By 27 October 1983, most of the Grenadian soldiers had either\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14615882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"HMS Grenada (1804)\",\n \"text\": \"Burton replaced Barker as temporary commander. In mid-1808, \\\"Grenada\\\" recaptured the sloop \\\"Trafalgar\\\", Tyne, master, of Trinidad, which the French privateer \\\"Rodeur\\\" had captured. \\\"Grenada\\\" sent \\\"Trafalgar\\\" into Grenada. Then on 25 October, \\\"Grenada\\\" captured the French privateer \\\"Moriche\\\", of one gun and 60 men, off Trinidad. Then on 6 December 1808 Lieutenant Stephen Briggs commissioned \\\"Grenada\\\" for the Leeward Islands. He commanded her until she was sold. \\\"Grenada\\\", still under Briggs's command, also participated in the capture of Guadeloupe in January and February 1810. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp \\\"Guadaloupe\\\" to all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18857013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO,frat Politics of Grenada The politics of Grenada takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government. Grenada is an independent Commonwealth realm. It is governed under a multi-party parliamentary system whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom; it has a prime minister and a cabinet, and a bicameral Parliament with an elected House of Representatives and an appointed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"officials, seizing caches of weapons, and seeing to the repatriation of Cuban engineers. On 1 November, two companies from the 22nd Marine Amphibious Unit made a combined sea and helicopter landing on the island of Carriacou 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Grenada. The nineteen Grenadian soldiers defending the island surrendered without a fight. This was the last military action of the campaign. Official U.S. sources state that some of their opponents were well prepared and well positioned and put up stubborn resistance, to the extent that the U.S. called in two battalions of reinforcements on the evening of 26\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"to land reinforcements on the island; the capture of Pearls Airport by the 8th Marine Regiment; and the rescue of the U.S. students at the True Blue Campus of St. George's University. In addition, a number of special operations missions were undertaken to obtain intelligence and secure key individuals and equipment. In general, many of these missions were plagued by inadequate intelligence, planning, and accurate maps of any kind (the U.S. forces mostly relied upon tourist maps). The nature of the Cuban military presence in Grenada was more complex than initially thought. As in Angola, Ethiopia, and other nations with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)\",\n \"text\": \"and after Ed Miliband resigned in 2015. Conversely, John Robert Clynes served as leader prior to becoming Deputy Leader. There are four living former deputy leaders. The most recent deputy leader to die was Denis Healey (1980-1983) on 3 October 2015. Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is a senior politician in the British Labour Party. The post is currently held by Tom Watson, who was elected as deputy on 12 September 2015. Unlike other political party leaders, the Labour leader does not have the power to appoint or dismiss his or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7948747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"October. The Marines then captured Pearls Airport, encountering only light resistance, including a DShK machine gun which was destroyed by a Marine AH-1 Cobra. In the early morning of 25 October, UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters delivered SEAL Team 6 operators to Radio Free Grenada with the purpose of using the radio station for psychological operations. The station was captured unopposed and the SEALs destroyed the radio transmitter. However, a counter-attack with cars and an armored personnel carrier forced the lightly-armed SEALs to cut a fence and retreat into the ocean as they received fire from the armored personnel carrier. The SEALs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"first day, the Army had to delay pursuing the second objective until it made contact with Marine forces. Early on the morning of the 26 October, a patrol from the 2nd Battalion of the 325th Infantry Regiment was ambushed by Cuban forces near the village of Calliste, suffering six wounded and two killed in the ensuing firefight, including the commander of Company B. Following that, U.S. Navy air strikes and an artillery bombardment by 105mm howitzers targeting the main Cuban encampment eventually led to their surrender at 08:30. US forces pushed on into the village of Frequente, where they discovered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demographics of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Demographics of Grenada This article is about the demographic features of the population of Grenada, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the 2011 census Grenada has 105,539 inhabitants. The estimated population of is (). The fertility rate in Grenada was 2.21 in 2013. The vast majority of the population of Grenada are of African descent (89.4% at the 2001 census). There is also a significant mixed population (8.2%), along with a small European origin minority (0.4%), East Indians (1.6%), and there are small numbers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election\",\n \"text\": \"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October 1983 to replace incumbent Deputy Leader Denis Healey. Healey had served in the position since 1980, becoming deputy leader at the same time that Michael Foot became party leader. Foot and Healey had both announced their resignations after the general election on 9 June 1983, in which a disastrous performance left the Labour Party with just 209 seats in parliament. The election was conducted using the Labour party's electoral college. It was won by Roy Hattersley,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18356437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dessima Williams\",\n \"text\": \"served as Grenada’s representative to the Organization of American States, Deputy Governor to the World Bank and Deputy Permanent Representative to the Inter-American Commission of Women. At the Organization of American States, she shepherded resolutions such as the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace, Development and Independence and promotion of small island states. At 32 years of ages she was named ambassador to the United States by Grenada's Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, whose murder Aug. 12, 1983, set off a bloody power struggle on the island nation that led to the US invasion of Grenada. The Reagan administration refused to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7766903\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"been designed by Canadians, underwritten by the British government, and partly built by a London firm. The U.S. government accused Grenada of constructing facilities to aid a Soviet-Cuban military buildup in the Caribbean based upon the 9,000-foot length runway, which could accommodate the largest Soviet aircraft like the An-12, An-22, and the An-124, which would enhance the Soviet and Cuban transportation of weapons to Central American insurgents and expand Soviet regional influence. Bishop's government claimed that the airport was built to accommodate commercial aircraft carrying tourists, pointing out that such jets could not land at Pearls Airport on the island's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Order of Grenada The Order of Grenada is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \\\"National Honours and Awards Act\\\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. The order recognises distinguished and outstanding service or meritorious service or achievement, or for gallantry. Nationals of Grenada and non-nationals may receive this Order. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18902223\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military of Puerto Rico\",\n \"text\": \"Puerto Rico as a base to rehearse and launch military operations in Latin America and throughout the world. Operations launched from Puerto Rico include the 1954 intervention in Guatemala; the 1965 invasion of the Dominican Republic; the 1983 invasion of Grenada; the 1989 invasion of Panama; support of Salvadoran military; preparation for operation Desert Storm and Desert Fox in Iraq; and preparation for the War in Yugoslavia. Near Aguada the US marine operates a LF-transmitter with a 367.3 metres tall guyed mast, the tallest man-made object in the Caribbean area . Military of Puerto Rico The military defense of Puerto\",\n \"psg_id\": \"316303\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet invasion of Xinjiang\",\n \"text\": \"planes for about 30 days. When reports that the Chinese forces had defeated and killed the Soviets reached Chinese prisoners in Urumqi, they were reportedly so jubilant that they jumped around in their cells. Ma Hushan, Deputy Divisional Commander of the 36th division, became well known for victories over Russian forces during the invasion. At this point, Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang Shaohong and his expeditionary force which he assembled to assist Ma Zhongying against Sheng, but when Chiang heard about the Soviet invasion, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14652064\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wyatt Cenac\",\n \"text\": \"moving to Los Angeles. As of October 2014, Cenac lives in Fort Greene, Brooklyn and previously lived in Prospect Heights during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Cenac is the nephew of the Hon. Mr. Justice Dunbar Cenac, Registry of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. His father was the cousin of former deputy prime minister of Grenada Bernard Coard, who was imprisoned for 25 years following the American invasion of Grenada in October 1983. Cenac's paternal 3x-great-grandfather Cherebin Cenac was an officer from Agen, France on a French battleship during the Napoleonic Wars who settled in Soufrière, Saint Lucia. Cherebin's youngest child\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12129101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \\\"National Honours and Awards Act\\\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19434657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John W. Nicholson Jr.\",\n \"text\": \"general officer in the United States Army, distantly related to British Brigadier John Nicholson (1822–1857). John W. Nicholson Jr. graduated from West Point in 1982 and was commissioned into the infantry. He earned a Bronze Star with \\\"V\\\" device as a paratroop lieutenant during the invasion of Grenada in 1983. He was a strategist for Eric Shinseki at the point of the 9/11 attacks. He went on to do six tours in Afghanistan. Nicholson was the deputy director of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization. He became commander of the 82nd Airborne Division in 2012. In 2014 Nicholson took\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18795542\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["general h. norman schwarzkopf jr.","general schwartzkopf","norman schwarzkopf jr.","norman schwartzkopf","norman schwarzkopf, jr","general swartzkoff","general swartzkof","h. norman schwarzkopf","gen. norman schwarzkopf","norman schwarzkopf jr","norman schwartzkopf","herbert norman schwarzkopf, jr.","it doesn't take a hero : the autobiography of general h. norman schwarzkopf","h. norman, jr. schwarzkopf","schwarzkopf, h. norman, jr.","norman schwarzkopf","general schwarzkopf","general norman schwarzkopf","norman shwarzkopf","it doesn't take a hero","general h. norman schwarzkopf, jr.","general norman schwartzkopf","norman schwarzkopf, jr.","h. norman schwarzkopf, jr."],"string":"[\n \"general h. norman schwarzkopf jr.\",\n \"general schwartzkopf\",\n \"norman schwarzkopf jr.\",\n \"norman schwartzkopf\",\n \"norman schwarzkopf, jr\",\n \"general swartzkoff\",\n \"general swartzkof\",\n \"h. norman schwarzkopf\",\n \"gen. norman schwarzkopf\",\n \"norman schwarzkopf jr\",\n \"norman schwartzkopf\",\n \"herbert norman schwarzkopf, jr.\",\n \"it doesn't take a hero : the autobiography of general h. norman schwarzkopf\",\n \"h. norman, jr. schwarzkopf\",\n \"schwarzkopf, h. norman, jr.\",\n \"norman schwarzkopf\",\n \"general schwarzkopf\",\n \"general norman schwarzkopf\",\n \"norman shwarzkopf\",\n \"it doesn't take a hero\",\n \"general h. norman schwarzkopf, jr.\",\n \"general norman schwartzkopf\",\n \"norman schwarzkopf, jr.\",\n \"h. norman schwarzkopf, jr.\"\n]"}}}],"truncated":false,"partial":false},"paginationData":{"pageIndex":5,"numItemsPerPage":100,"numTotalItems":78785,"offset":500,"length":100}},"jwt":"eyJhbGciOiJFZERTQSJ9.eyJyZWFkIjp0cnVlLCJwZXJtaXNzaW9ucyI6eyJyZXBvLmNvbnRlbnQucmVhZCI6dHJ1ZX0sImlhdCI6MTcyMDkwNDczNiwic3ViIjoiL2RhdGFzZXRzL3ZzZWFyY2gvdHFhIiwiZXhwIjoxNzIwOTA4MzM2LCJpc3MiOiJodHRwczovL2h1Z2dpbmdmYWNlLmNvIn0.rYsk95BtO9SS9ILjWsNXXGdYQdqId8F57iRidhlwi5gRvx1q9LTOldsasMW1vn_7bHcC7_SuXgzvWGGHZysdBg","displayUrls":true},"discussionsStats":{"closed":0,"open":1,"total":1},"fullWidth":true,"hasGatedAccess":true,"hasFullAccess":true,"isEmbedded":false}">
On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,","psg_id":"6911552"},{"title":"Owen Roberts International Airport","text":"Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \"waving gallery\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The","psg_id":"1931821"},{"title":"El Alto International Airport","text":"the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of","psg_id":"5958370"},{"title":"Swansboro Country Airport","text":"Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1","psg_id":"19127166"},{"title":"Kish International Airport","text":"Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had","psg_id":"9679325"},{"title":"Da Nang International Airport","text":"Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\"VPAF\", the \"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An","psg_id":"6246652"},{"title":"Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport","text":"long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Established in","psg_id":"13380190"},{"title":"Tobías Bolaños International Airport","text":"Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district","psg_id":"6935645"},{"title":"Chinggis Khaan International Airport","text":"Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\" (, \"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade","psg_id":"1367145"},{"title":"Chiang Mai International Airport","text":"Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai","psg_id":"1924619"},{"title":"La Chinita International Airport","text":"not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,","psg_id":"6521138"},{"title":"Mamamah International Airport","text":"Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \"Songo Village\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The","psg_id":"20642061"},{"title":"Trivandrum International Airport","text":"the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi","psg_id":"2402419"},{"title":"Quetta International Airport","text":"Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs","psg_id":"7306563"},{"title":"Quetta International Airport","text":"allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.","psg_id":"7306568"},{"title":"Las Américas International Airport","text":"Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers","psg_id":"2985277"},{"title":"Hobart International Airport","text":"entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in","psg_id":"3503437"},{"title":"Lynden Pindling International Airport","text":"Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter","psg_id":"4470407"},{"title":"Kelowna International Airport","text":"the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan","psg_id":"5049486"},{"title":"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport","text":"Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The","psg_id":"5534228"},{"title":"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport","text":"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal","psg_id":"5534224"},{"title":"Kempegowda International Airport","text":"is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and","psg_id":"7134230"},{"title":"Athens International Airport","text":"Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll","psg_id":"593491"},{"title":"Rafael Núñez International Airport","text":"Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen","psg_id":"5800890"},{"title":"Honiara International Airport","text":"Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of","psg_id":"6959402"},{"title":"Argyle International Airport","text":"into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan","psg_id":"14206509"},{"title":"Aristides Pereira International Airport","text":"Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally","psg_id":"9025181"},{"title":"Grand Forks International Airport","text":"termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)","psg_id":"3274563"},{"title":"Grand Forks International Airport","text":"Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west","psg_id":"3274549"},{"title":"Limón International Airport","text":"Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as","psg_id":"7649179"},{"title":"Ahmad Yani International Airport","text":"Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military","psg_id":"8293891"},{"title":"Aristides Pereira International Airport","text":"named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30","psg_id":"9025182"},{"title":"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport","text":"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \"MEA\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \"TMA Cargo\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.","psg_id":"10778249"},{"title":"Culiacán International Airport","text":"is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and","psg_id":"17405365"},{"title":"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport","text":"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \"Salisbury Airport\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to","psg_id":"6304099"},{"title":"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport","text":"Zimbabwe has its head office on level 3 of the new International Terminal. In August 2018 Boeing Corporation announced that it in negotiations with Zimbabwean authorities to establish a regional hub for Boeing airplanes for providing training and expert technical services at the airport. Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built","psg_id":"6304104"},{"title":"Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport","text":"It is among the fastest growing airports in Mexico, the busiest in the Southwestern region and the 14th in the country. The airport reached the million-passenger milestone for the first time on November 28, 2015. Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (), also known as \"Tuxtla Gutierrez International Airport\", is an international airport serving the Mexican municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It handles air traffic for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and central Chiapas, including the popular tourist destination of San Cristóbal de las Casas. It was inaugurated by President Vicente Fox and by the State's","psg_id":"10733506"},{"title":"Lynden Pindling International Airport","text":"passengers to be processed by 2020, according to NAD. The airport contains US Border preclearance facilities allowing all US flights to operate as domestic flights upon arrival at their destination. In February 2015, the US Border Preclarence Facility installed 20 Automated Passenger Control (APC) self serve kiosks to improve the efficiency of passenger processing for US bound travelers. Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas","psg_id":"4470413"},{"title":"Southern Zone International Airport","text":"with a long runway capable of receive the Airbus A380, but this project has been recently rejected by the government because of the high cost and the environmental impact such an airport can cause. The project will have a total cost of US $42 millions and the environmental impact and other assessment studies are under way. When open, the airport will be the third largest in the country, after Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber International Airport Southern Zone International Airport Southern Zone International Airport () (this is a provisional name, as the project has not received a formal","psg_id":"16253588"},{"title":"Princess Juliana International Airport","text":"Princess Juliana International Airport Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The airport is located on the Dutch side of the island, in the country of Sint Maarten. In 2015, the airport handled 1,829,543 passengers and around 60,000 aircraft movements. The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport","psg_id":"5053058"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport () , formerly known as \\\"Budapest Ferihegy International Airport\\\" and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the Hungarian capital city of Budapest, and by far the largest of the country's four commercial airports. The airport is located southeast of the center of Budapest (bordering Pest county) and was renamed in 2011 in honour of the most famous Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferenc, in Hungarian) on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. It offers international connections primarily within Europe, but also to Africa,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"network of low-cost carriers, the airport was not only able to survive but to grow in a way that was unprecedented in the region. In 2018 LOT Polish Airlines made Budapest their first hub outside Poland, with flights to New York–JFK, Chicago–O'Hare, Kraków and London City Airport. Nowadays, the Budapest hub of Wizz Air is the largest of all with more 60 destinations worldwide. By the end of 2018, the airport hopes to reach 15 million passengers a year that would nearly be twice as much as in 2013. Originally called Budapest Ferihegy International Airport (\\\"Budapest Ferihegy Nemzetközi Repülőtér\\\"), on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"25 March 2011 it was officially renamed Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport, in honor of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt (Modern Hungarian: \\\"Liszt Ferenc\\\".) Popularly, the airport is still called Ferihegy as before. Ferihegy is the name of the neighborhood around the airport. The name is derived from that of Ferenc Xavér Mayerffy (1776–1845), the former owner of an estate who established vineyards and contributed to the development of viticulture in Pest-Buda. \\\"Feri\\\" is a diminutive form of Ferenc while \\\"hegy\\\" means hill. In fact, the area is almost totally flat; but originally there was a 147 m\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sheremetyevo International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Olympics. It was built according to the principles of design of Hannover-Langenhagen Airport and was the arrival and departure point for international flights. Flights to cities in Russia and charter flights arrived and departed from Sheremetyevo-1. There is no physical connection between the two terminal complexes; they are essentially separate airports that use the same set of runways. Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg; Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota; Sydney Airport in New South Wales, Australia; Perth Airport in Western Australia; Ferihegy in Budapest; Sofia International Airport in Bulgaria and Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, Philippines are\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1915341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budaörs Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Airlines, and Transadriatica. The need for the replacement of Budaörs by a larger airport had been clear since 1939. Hills surrounding Budaörs Airport, a lack of room for expansion, and the need for longer, hard runways led the development of what would become Budapest Ferihegy International Airport. Ferihegy was ready in 1943, but bombing during World War 2 caused extensive damage to it. As Budaörs had survived the war relatively intact, it continued its service as the primary international airport until repairs at Ferihegy were completed. Ferihegy was reopened on 7 May 1950, and a Lisunov Li-2 flew in from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20097181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"state news agency MTI reports: ) In response, additional security measures were immediately implemented at Budapest Airport causing flight delays at both terminals. Unusually long passenger waiting queues were observed at the busier 2A-B terminal complex's departures area. These problems were solved over time, especially through the opening of the SkyCourt terminal including a central security zone. On 15 November 2010, Budapest Airport regained the \\\"Schengen Clear\\\"-status, after implementing the necessary security actions and after that, the airport underwent the strict re-inspection. On 16 March 2011, the name of Budapest Ferihegy International Airport was changed to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648907\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"used on this line. Another way to get to the city center from the airport is to catch a taxi. Cabs are available all day long in front of the terminal buildings. Budapest Airport's official Taxi partner is Főtaxi (Főtaxi's website) which has a taxi order stand at both arrival site's exit (outside the building). Hungarian State Railways runs suburban and long-distance services between (the now closed) Terminal 1 and Nyugati Railway Station in Budapest city center through Kőbánya-Kispest. The trip takes approximately 25 minutes. From Terminal 2 passengers need to take bus 200E to Ferihegy vasútállomás (Ferihegy railway station).\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648919\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budaörs Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Budaörs to mark the occasion. All international services transferred from Budaörs shortly afterwards, and recreational flying and parachuting activities which had gone on at Ferihegy moved to Budaörs. Budaörs is now an active general aviation airport, with many light aircraft and gliders based there. It is home of several recreational- and flight training businesses, as well as of the Goldtimer Foundation, which restores and regularly gives passenger rides on its vintage aircraft, like the Lisunov Li-2, Polikarpov Po-2, Rubik R-18 Kánya and the Rubik R-11 Cimbora. Budaörs Airport Budaörs Airport (), is an airport located to the south-west of Budapest,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20097182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mérida International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the left of runway 10. In 2017, 2,148,484 passengers passed through Mérida International Airport, a 10.2% increase from 2016. It became the 8th airport in the country to reach the 2 million milestone. Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5457486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Heathrow Airport Holdings\",\n \"text\": \"a result, the company was delisted from the London Stock Exchange (where it had previously been part of the FTSE 100 Index) on 15 August 2006. Following the take-over, the decision was made to sell the stake in Ferihegy and this was completed in June 2007, when a consortium led by Hochtief AirPort of Germany purchased the stake. BAA expanded into international operations, including retail contracts at Boston Logan International Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Airport (through its subsidiary BAA USA, Inc.), and a management contract with the City of Indianapolis to run the Indianapolis International Airport (as BAA Indianapolis, Inc.)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3045345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mérida International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International Airport. Mérida Center controls air traffic over the southeast part of the country. It handles both domestic and international flights, and is open 24 hours a day. It can service airplanes as large\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5457484\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"L.A. International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"L.A. International Airport \\\"L.A. International Airport\\\" is a song written by Leanne Scott that became an international pop hit for the American country singer Susan Raye in 1971. The song was first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970. It reached #67 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Singles chart. Susan Raye recorded her version of the song in 1971, which became an international hit. It reached #9 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Country Singles chart. On other charts, \\\"L.A. International Airport\\\" reached #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song enjoyed much greater success outside of America and was a major pop hit in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11523741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mandalay International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11 domestic and seven international destinations, complete with a 4267-meter runway which is the longest runway in use in Southeast Asia and capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers a year. It is the main operating base of Golden Myanmar Airlines. The Mandalay International Airport project was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8517034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mazatlán International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"over the northwest part of the country. In 2016, the airport handled 973,440 passengers, and in 2017, the airport handled 994,283 passengers. Mazatlán International Airport General Rafael Buelna International Airport (, ), also known as Mazatlán International Airport (), is located in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. This airport is the most important in Sinaloa for its international operations, and second to Culiacan International Airport for its domestic operations. It has one terminal with two concourses. It is located on the southeastern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5265466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bonriki International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Bonriki International Airport Bonriki International Airport is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, and Kiribati's state-owned airline, Air Kiribati, both connect Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia. This service was suspended from July 2008 to November 2009. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7433528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ercan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have to stop over in Turkey. Because of these difficulties and inconveniencies, the majority of Turkish Cypriots with Republic of Cyprus passports prefer to use Larnaca International Airport, which is located in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5692735\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"General Santos International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"General Santos International Airport General Santos International Airport, (stylized as General Santos City Airport)(, ), is an alternate international airport located in the city of General Santos, Philippines serving the greater area of SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Situated in Prk New Hondagua, Uhaw, Barangay Fatima, the airport is the largest airport in the island of Mindanao and is officially classified an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a government bureau which is responsible in the management and operations of General Santos International Airport and all other airports in the country except regular international airports. Inaugurated on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7889566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Benina International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Benina International Airport Benina International Airport () serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the town of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Bureau of Libya and is the second largest in the country after Tripoli International Airport. Benina International is also the secondary hub of both Buraq Air and flag carrier, Libyan Airlines. As of 17 July 2014 all flights to the airport were suspended due to fighting in the area. The runway length does not include a overrun on the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8032491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) (; ) is an international airport serving southeast Sri Lanka. It is located in the town of Mattala, from Hambantota. It is the first greenfield airport and the second international airport in the country, after Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. MRIA was opened in March 2013 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who ordered the construction of the airport. Initially, several airlines flew to the airport, including SriLankan Airlines which established a hub. However, due to low demand, most of these airlines left Mattala. As of June 2018 there are no scheduled flights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17115961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"La Chinita International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport, which manages about half of the international flights in Venezuela. The earlier airport was Grano de Oro (1960 diagram) Runway 03L/21R length does\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6521137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"BAA announced intentions to sell its stake in Budapest Airport to a consortium led by the German airport group, HOCHTIEF AirPort GmbH, subject to the consent of the Hungarian State. On 18 April 2007, the renovation of Terminal 1 at Ferihegy was awarded Europe's most prestigious heritage preservation prize, the Europa Nostra award. The designers, contractors, builders and investors (the latter being BA) received the joint award of the European Commission and of the pan-European heritage preservation organisation Europa Nostra for the renovation of the protected monument spaces, the central hall, the gallery and the furniture at T1. On 6\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4648904\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mamamah International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035. Other related development projects are the planned bridging of \\\"Tagrin Bay\\\", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown. China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20642062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dushanbe International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Dushanbe International Airport Dushanbe International Airport is an airport in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. It is the a main hub for Somon Air and Tajik Air, with the latter having its head office on the property. In 1924 the first airport was built in the country, in the city currently known as Dushanbe. In November 1929 a new airport was built to serve Stalinabad (past name of Dushanbe). In 1964 the current airport complex was put into operation. Over the years the airport has been reconstructed several times. A new French-built terminal, which can serve 1.5 million passengers a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7286393\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Eldoret International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Eldoret International Airport Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya. Eldoret Airport, , is located in the city of Eldoret, in Uasin Gishu County, in the midwestern Kenya, close to the International border with Uganda. Its location is approximately , by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret. This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at above sea level, the airport has a single\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11830734\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Argyle International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"late June/early July, Miami Air International from Toronto and Sun Country Airlines from New York. Air Canada Rouge made their inaugural flight from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Argyle International Airport on December 14, 2017. While Caribbean Airlines began weekly non-stop service between Argyle International Airport and New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport on March 14, 2018. On 2 May 2018, American Airlines announced new weekly nonstop flights to AIA from Miami which commenced on 15 December 2018. Year round flights from Toronto, New York City and Miami are now selling. The Argyle International Airport (AIA), which serves commercial passengers, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14206543\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Voronezh International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"stage, which is expanding its capacity for reception and service of most modern passenger and luxury types of aircraft. Voronezh Airport supports intermodal free transportation of passengers for 13 regions of the country. Any passenger is delivered to the airport for free. Voronezh International Airport Voronezh International Airport () (also recorded as Chertovitskoye Airport) is an airport in Russia located 11 km north of Voronezh. Serves the city of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk regions. July 10, 1933 - open regular air service on the route Moscow - Voronezh - Stalingrad on multi-seat aircraft K-5 in 1971 a new\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9270157\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Katowice International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"planned. There will be new railways from Siewierz and Tarnowskie Góry to Katowice International Airport. Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4834653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Moi International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Moi International Airport Moi International Airport , is the international airport of Mombasa, the second-biggest city in Kenya. It is located in Mombasa County, in a township called Port Reitz and features regional as well as intercontinental flights. Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and surrounding communities. It lies approximately , by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi during his tenure. At above sea level, the airport has two runways: Runway\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8639703\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kish International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ). In 2015, under the leadership of the Organization of Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ), a new terminal is planned for construction. The new terminal would turn Kish International Airport into the 2nd largest airport of the country with a 4.5 million passengers capacity per year. 2.7 million passengers travelled through the airport that year. The Kish International Aiprort is the main host of the Iran Kish Air Show, the aviation airshow held biennially. Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9679327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penang International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Penang International Airport Penang International Airport , within the city of George Town, is one of the busiest airports in Malaysia. The airport is located near Bayan Lepas at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, south of the city centre. Previously known as the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was opened in 1935, making it the oldest airport in the country. Penang International Airport is a medium-sized airport with frequent connections to major cities in Asia such as Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Medan, Hong Kong and Taipei, and serves as the main airport for northern Malaysia. In addition, Penang\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4867030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Faisalabad International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"from the airport. There are a number of connections from the railway station to other parts of the country. The Risalewala railway station is also located towards the south east of the airport which can be accessed via the Faisalabad Bypass. Traditional CNG powered rickshaws at the airport road entrance are quite popular amongst the local community. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Lahore in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad International Airport is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6408854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017 handling over 47.2 million passengers. Its passenger traffic was about 48.5 million in fiscal year 2017-18. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1986487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Katowice International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is an operating base for Enter Air, Ryanair Sun, Smartwings, Travel Service Polska and Wizz Air.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4834643\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kigali International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Kigali International Airport Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Gregoire Kayibanda International Airport, but sometimes referred to as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. It is the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, and in addition serves as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located in the suburb of \\\"Kanombe\\\", at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7265031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Shahjalal International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Shahjalal International Airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, ( \\\"Hôzrôt Shahjalal Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr\\\") , is the largest and most prominent international airport in Bangladesh. It is located in Kurmitola 11 miles (17 kilometres) in the northern part of the capital city Dhaka and it is also a part of \\\"BAF Bangabandhu Base\\\" used by the Bangladesh Air Force. The airport has an area of . The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) operates and maintains the airport. It started operations in 1980, taking over from Tejgaon Airport as the principal international airport of the country and was formerly known as Dacca\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4685601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ventspils International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Ventspils International Airport Ventspils International Airport is an airport southwest of Ventspils, Latvia. It is the newest airport and, with Liepāja International Airport and Riga International Airport, is one of the three notable airports in the country. Ventspils Airport was founded in 1939. From 1940 on it was used by Soviet Aircraft. Once 1975 an asphalt-concrete runway () and an apron () were built. At that time there was an air control dispatchers point at the aerodrome and 40-45 employees worked in the airport. The aerodrome was used by aircraft AN-24, AN-2, YAK-40, MI-2. The flight range was small and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3628428\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soledad International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"major hub in the nation. By the summer of 1940, SCATDA had changed to Avianca, and Barranquilla became its first major hub. Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565434\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soledad International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky S-38s from the main terminal at the seaplane port to many different parts of Colombia. It had also been an important stopover\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cochin International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"buildings. which is towards last phase of construction. Cochin International Airport is listed among the 12 major airports of India. Its safety and security is handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Cochin was the third international airport and the first private airport in the country to come under the cover of CISF in 2001, after the Central Government decided to hand over airport security to CISF in the wake of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814. Security was handled by the Kerala Police; Special Branch of Kochi Police before the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3160593\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mandalay International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"years. The previous operator was Myanmar's Ministry of Transport. In August 2013, the vendor technical team started the inspection of the airport to develop an airport Master Plan that included airport services and cargo-handling areas as well as anticipating future needs such as extending the airport’s buildings. Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8517041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Penang International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"by the Penang state government to expand the airport largely went unheeded by the Malaysian federal government, even though the airport has exceeded its maximum capacity of 6.5 million passengers. In 2017, the federal authorities finally announced plans to expand the airport to accommodate 12 million passengers per year by 2029. Penang International Airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport, and handles the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports after Kuala Lumpur International Airport. , the airport posted a record 7.23\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4867035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ercan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"of Northern Cyprus there are no non-stop scheduled flights between Ercan and destinations outside of Turkey. However, several airlines operate direct flights from Ercan to Europe with intermediate stops in Turkey. Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5692739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Argyle International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"replaced the much smaller E.T. Joshua Airport as St. Vincent and the Grenadines principal airport. During the construction of the new airport, the International Airport Development Company (IADC) faced numerous challenges and controversies, causing major delays in the construction process. This resulted in the airport being completed 5 years after the originally forecasted completion date. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts the International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA), assessing the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of each country that has carriers operating to the United States and has classified Argyle International Airport, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Caribbean Civil\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14206511\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chennai International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"near Pallavaram to which, passenger operations were shifted. The new domestic terminal was commissioned in 1985 and the international terminal was commissioned in 1989. The old terminal building is now used as a cargo terminal and is the base for the Indian courier company Blue Dart. On 23 September 1999, a centre for flowers, fruits and vegetables was commissioned at the cargo terminal. The new international departure terminal was commissioned in 2003. In 2001, Chennai Airport became the first international airport in the country to receive ISO 9001-2000 certification. During the early days, Madras Airport was one of the largest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2018969\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Multan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"airport. There are also a number of traditional rickshaws available at the airport parking area & entrance which are quite popular to travel short distance within the city. Multan Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station only less than 3 km away from the airport to get the railway connections for the other parts of country. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Multan in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Multan International Airport Multan International Airport ()\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7179335\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Zvartnots International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Zvartnots International Airport Zvartnots International Airport (), is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3290804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Malacca International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"and airlines to promote tourism in the country. There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get in a taxi right away. Mahkota Medical Centre, Putra Hospital and Pantai Hospital provide free shuttle services on a daily basis from Malacca International Airport to their hospitals. Malacca International Airport Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor. The terminal complex is equipped with international-standard amenities that can handle\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8550088\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"2012 to further develop and expand GIA. A joint venture was formed between GACL, MACL and State Trading Organization plc (STO). The new venture is Addu International Airport pvt ltd (AIA). Gan International Airport is now owned and managed by Addu International Airport pvt ltd. The airport lies at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a concrete surface measuring . Gan International Airport (GIA) is situated at the southern tip of the country, and allows international and domestic aircraft movements year-round. The Executive Terminal built for the SAARC summit in 2011 was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7413585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Côte d'Ivoire, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the Middle East. Usually, the airport is served by over 20 airlines, covering\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12984619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hector International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Hector International Airport Hector International Airport is a civil-military public airport three miles (5 km) northwest of Fargo, in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The busiest airport in North Dakota, it is owned by the City of Fargo Municipal Airport Authority. Fargo Air National Guard Base is located adjacent to the airport. The airport was named after Martin Hector, who first leased, and then donated the original 50 acres of land to the city. Customs service is available for arrivals from Canada and other countries. Hector International has no scheduled passenger airline flights out of the country but has\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1348057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tampa International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and \\\"Landside/Airside\\\" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1910972\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Norman Manley International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Manley International Airport Norman Manley International Airport , formerly Palisadoes Airport, is an international airport serving Kingston, Jamaica and is located south of the island 19 km away from the centre of New Kingston. It is the second busiest airport in the country after Sangster International Airport, recording 1,502,973 arriving passengers in 2015. There are over 130 international flights a week that depart from Norman Manley International Airport. Named in honour of Jamaican statesman Norman Manley, it is a hub for Caribbean Airlines and Fly Jamaica Airways. It is located on the Palisadoes tombolo in outer Kingston Harbour; it\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1931844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bălți International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Bălți International Airport Bălți International Airport , formerly known as \\\"Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport\\\", is one of the two airports serving the city of Bălți, Moldova. Located north of the city center, in the northern part of the country, it is the second largest airport of Moldova, servicing cargo and charter flights. Another airport in the area, Bălți City Airport, located within the city limits, is primarily used for emergency interventions of regional importance. The first scheduled flights to Bălţi started on 24 June 1926, on the route Bucharest – Galați – Chișinău - Bălţi - Hotin - Cernauti. The flights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10922317\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nauru International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Airlines. Also located at the airport are the Republic of Nauru Civil Aviation Authority, tasked with airport security and operational management; the Directorate of Immigration, tasked with control of incoming and outgoing passengers, and the Nauru Customs Service. Nauru International Airport serves as the main hub of the national carrier, Nauru Airlines. Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7041854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Honiara International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"VMSB-241 who was the first Marine aviator killed in action at the Battle of Midway while leading his squadron in an attack against Japanese carrier forces. The field was abandoned after the war, but reopened in 1969 as a modernized civilian airport. The airport is capable of accommodating Boeing 737s. Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6959403\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Denver International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1914674\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nauru International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and operations began in January 1943. After the war, it was converted to a civilian airport. The airport is located in the Yaren district, just north of many of the government buildings, including the Parliament House, police station, and the secondary school. The airport holds the head office of Nauru\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7041853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sir Seretse Khama International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Sir Seretse Khama International Airport , located north of Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 and offers limited capacity to handle regional and (especially) international traffic. Nonetheless, it has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, BIH, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector.
On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6911552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Owen Roberts International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \\\"waving gallery\\\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1931821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"El Alto International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5958370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swansboro Country Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19127166\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kish International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9679325\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Da Nang International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\\\"VPAF\\\", the \\\"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\\\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6246652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \\\"general aviation\\\" facility. Established in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13380190\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tobías Bolaños International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6935645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chinggis Khaan International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \\\"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\\\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \\\"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\\\" (, \\\"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\\\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1367145\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiang Mai International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1924619\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"La Chinita International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6521138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mamamah International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \\\"Songo Village\\\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20642061\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trivandrum International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2402419\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Quetta International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7306563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Quetta International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7306568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Las Américas International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2985277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hobart International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3503437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lynden Pindling International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470407\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kelowna International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5049486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5534228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.
In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5534224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kempegowda International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7134230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Athens International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll\",\n \"psg_id\": \"593491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rafael Núñez International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5800890\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Honiara International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6959402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Argyle International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14206509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aristides Pereira International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9025181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Forks International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \\\"international\\\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3274563\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Forks International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \\\"international\\\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3274549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Limón International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7649179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ahmad Yani International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8293891\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aristides Pereira International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9025182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \\\"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\\\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \\\"MEA\\\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \\\"TMA Cargo\\\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10778249\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culiacán International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17405365\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \\\"Harare International Airport\\\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \\\"Salisbury Airport\\\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6304099\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Zimbabwe has its head office on level 3 of the new International Terminal. In August 2018 Boeing Corporation announced that it in negotiations with Zimbabwean authorities to establish a regional hub for Boeing airplanes for providing training and expert technical services at the airport. Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \\\"Harare International Airport\\\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6304104\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"It is among the fastest growing airports in Mexico, the busiest in the Southwestern region and the 14th in the country. The airport reached the million-passenger milestone for the first time on November 28, 2015. Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (), also known as \\\"Tuxtla Gutierrez International Airport\\\", is an international airport serving the Mexican municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It handles air traffic for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and central Chiapas, including the popular tourist destination of San Cristóbal de las Casas. It was inaugurated by President Vicente Fox and by the State's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10733506\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lynden Pindling International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"passengers to be processed by 2020, according to NAD. The airport contains US Border preclearance facilities allowing all US flights to operate as domestic flights upon arrival at their destination. In February 2015, the US Border Preclarence Facility installed 20 Automated Passenger Control (APC) self serve kiosks to improve the efficiency of passenger processing for US bound travelers. Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4470413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Southern Zone International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"with a long runway capable of receive the Airbus A380, but this project has been recently rejected by the government because of the high cost and the environmental impact such an airport can cause. The project will have a total cost of US $42 millions and the environmental impact and other assessment studies are under way. When open, the airport will be the third largest in the country, after Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber International Airport Southern Zone International Airport Southern Zone International Airport () (this is a provisional name, as the project has not received a formal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16253588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Princess Juliana International Airport\",\n \"text\": \"Princess Juliana International Airport Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The airport is located on the Dutch side of the island, in the country of Sint Maarten. In 2015, the airport handled 1,829,543 passengers and around 60,000 aircraft movements. The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5053058\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["maďarsko","magyarorszag","ungarn","magyar köztársaság","hungarian republic","hungarian republic of 1989","hongarije","hungery","architecture of hungary","magyar koeztarsasag","magyarország","austrian empire (hungary)","hungary","hungría","hungray","iso 3166-1:hu","hongrie","hungary","republic of hungary","ungheria","magyar koztarsasag","hungary","hungarian holidays"],"string":"[\n \"maďarsko\",\n \"magyarorszag\",\n \"ungarn\",\n \"magyar köztársaság\",\n \"hungarian republic\",\n \"hungarian republic of 1989\",\n \"hongarije\",\n \"hungery\",\n \"architecture of hungary\",\n \"magyar koeztarsasag\",\n \"magyarország\",\n \"austrian empire (hungary)\",\n \"hungary\",\n \"hungría\",\n \"hungray\",\n \"iso 3166-1:hu\",\n \"hongrie\",\n \"hungary\",\n \"republic of hungary\",\n \"ungheria\",\n \"magyar koztarsasag\",\n \"hungary\",\n \"hungarian holidays\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":579,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was the defending champion when virginia wade won the wimbledon singles?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"illness. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Chris O'Neil. 1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Chris Evert was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Virginia Wade. Wade defeated Betty Stöve in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. As of 2017 Wade remains the last British woman to win a Wimbledon singles title. This was the first time Wimbledon seeded more than 8 players for the ladies' championship, increasing the number (for this year only) to twelve players. The number increased","psg_id":"10151356"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"illness. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Chris O'Neil. 1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Chris Evert was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Virginia Wade. Wade defeated Betty Stöve in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. As of 2017 Wade remains the last British woman to win a Wimbledon singles title. This was the first time Wimbledon seeded more than 8 players for the ladies' championship, increasing the number (for this year only) to twelve players. The number increased\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151356\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from Great Britain. She won three Grand Slam singles championships and four Grand Slam doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all four Grand Slam tournaments. She was ranked as high as No. 2 in the world in singles, and No. 1 in the world in doubles. Three times a Grand Slam singles champion, her most famous success was winning Wimbledon on 1 July 1977, the tournament's centenary year, and the year of the Silver Jubilee of","psg_id":"1503006"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena","psg_id":"20199650"},{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"years. She retired from singles competition at the end of the 1985 tennis season, and then from doubles at the end of 1986. In 1983, at the age of 37, she won the Italian Open women's doubles championship, along with her teammate Virginia Ruzici of Romania. The 26 times that Wade played at Wimbledon is an all-time record, 24 of those times being in the women's singles. Since 1981, while she was still playing, Wade has been a reporter on tennis events for the BBC. In 1982, she became the first woman to be elected to the Wimbledon Committee. Wade","psg_id":"1503012"},{"title":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams defeated her sister, the two-time defending champion Venus Williams, in the final, 7–6, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships. This was Serena's third Wimbledon singles title and eleventh Grand Slam singles title overall. It was also the third time she had won a Grand Slam title after saving a match point against her, in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva. Venus Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992","psg_id":"13482491"},{"title":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit of the defending champion at Wimbledon since Steffi Graf's first round defeat in 1994. Angelique Kerber won her third Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in the rematch of the 2016 final, 6–3, 6–3. Kerber became the first German since Graf in 1996 to lift the trophy. Simona Halep, Caroline Wozniacki and Sloane Stephens were in contention for the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the start of the","psg_id":"20458626"},{"title":"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2003 Wimbledon Championships. It was Federer's first Grand Slam tournament win, and the","psg_id":"7110415"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Muguruza became the first Spanish woman to make the Wimbledon final since Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in 1996. Muguruza won the title two years later. This tournament is notable for being the first grand slam main draw appearance of 2017 French Open champion Jeļena Ostapenko. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her","psg_id":"18836324"},{"title":"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"was replaced by the next highest non-seeded player Radek Štěpánek, who became the #35 seed. 2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title","psg_id":"7110417"},{"title":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic defeated the defending champion Rafael Nadal in the final, 6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first Wimbledon and third Grand Slam title, having previously won the 2008 and 2011 Australian Open. In losing to Djokovic in the final, Nadal ended his 20-match Wimbledon winning streak dating back to 2008, having missed the 2009 championships due to injury. This was also the first time since 2002 that neither Roger Federer nor Nadal had won Wimbledon. Both Nadal and Djokovic were","psg_id":"15680051"},{"title":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"of a Grand Slam after Jerzy Janowicz defeated countryman Łukasz Kubot in the quarterfinals. Andy Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the final in straight sets, 6–4, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1936, ending a 76-year drought, as well as the first British winner in singles since Virginia Wade won the women's event in 1977. He was also the first Scot to win the Wimbledon title since Harold Mahony in 1896. Djokovic had advanced to the final","psg_id":"16711082"},{"title":"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Smith \"(Semifinals)\" 1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus","psg_id":"10148542"},{"title":"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus Williams. Margaret","psg_id":"10148541"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"reached the fourth round before losing to Halep. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon","psg_id":"20199653"},{"title":"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"at age 47, the oldest player in the Open Era to win a main draw match at Wimbledon. Serena Williams \"(Final)\" 2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \"the most stunning upset in memory\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who","psg_id":"7100152"},{"title":"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Gulbis withdrew due to a muscle tear in his right thigh. He was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Philipp Petzschner, who became the #33 seed. 2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all","psg_id":"14670138"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating her sister Serena Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. This was Venus's fifth Wimbledon title and her seventh Grand Slam singles title overall. This was also the second time she won a Grand Slam tournament without losing a set. The top four seeds, Ana Ivanovic, Jelena Janković, Maria Sharapova and Svetlana Kuznetsova were in contention for the WTA No. 1 ranking. Ivanovic retained the top ranking despite losing in the","psg_id":"12084337"},{"title":"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1998 Wimbledon Championships. This was Novotná's first win in a Wimbledon final on her third attempt. This would be the last time a Czech player would win Wimbledon (or win a Grand Slam title) until Petra Kvitová won in 2011. The 1998 final was the first time in the Open Era since the 1980","psg_id":"10151839"},{"title":"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and last Grand Slam title, having won the Australian Open earlier in the year. Mauresmo also became the","psg_id":"8128431"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th seed Thomas Muster in the draw, when Muster withdrew shortly before the start of the tournament. A number of high-seeded men were eliminated early, including 1992 champion Andre Agassi","psg_id":"7111589"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. Williams, ranked 31st at the time and seeded 23rd, remains the lowest ranked and lowest seeded woman ever to win Wimbledon. This was Williams' fourth Wimbledon singles title and she also became the first female champion to earn the same prize money as the male champion, following the tournament's decision to award equal pay for the","psg_id":"10377957"},{"title":"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"the Calendar Grand Slam in the Open Era. Margaret Court (Champion) 1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam","psg_id":"10151338"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, as Rafael Nadal, Stan Wawrinka, and Novak Djokovic all failed to gain enough ranking points to surpass him. Roger Federer won the title, achieving his unprecedented eighth Wimbledon Gentleman's Singles Title and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4. Federer thus became the only player to win the Gentleman's singles title","psg_id":"20199632"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"sustain the challenge. In the end, Djokovic won in 4 sets. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players","psg_id":"18898944"},{"title":"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all but three). Federer's loss, along those with Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Roddick were out at the fourth round, ensured that will have a first time Wimbledon finalist from the","psg_id":"14670135"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her second non-calendar year Grand Slam after winning the 2014 US Open, 2015 Australian Open and 2015 French Open and she also became the first player since Steffi Graf in 1988 to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon all in the same calendar year.","psg_id":"18836323"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the second set. Graf then came back winning 12 of the next 13 games and the match. Steffi Graf (Champion)","psg_id":"10151412"},{"title":"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \"the most stunning upset in memory\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who was to become a future world No. 1, entered the top ten for the first time in her career. She also","psg_id":"7100150"},{"title":"The Championships, Wimbledon","text":"with the other three \"Major or Grand Slam\" events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked amateur players, professional players were prohibited from participating. This changed with the advent of the open era in 1968. No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013, while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively. The Championship was first televised in 1937. Though properly called \"The Championships, Wimbledon\", depending on sources the event is also known as","psg_id":"906201"},{"title":"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest ever Wimbledon semi-final at four hours and one minute long. It would not be until the 2013 championships that this record would be broken, when the semi-final match between Novak Djokovic and Juan Martín del Potro would last four hours and forty-three minutes. John McEnroe reached the semi-finals, his best showing in","psg_id":"7123705"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while it marked Sánchez Vicario's last appearance in the ladies' Wimbledon final. Steffi Graf (Champion) Chanda Rubin withdrew due to","psg_id":"10151837"},{"title":"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male Grand Slam singles champion at . This latter","psg_id":"7123577"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"injury. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Karina Habšudová, who became the #17 seed. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while","psg_id":"10151838"},{"title":"2010 Wimbledon Championships","text":"of 2010. Queen Elizabeth II visited Wimbledon on Thursday 24 June, her first visit to the annual tennis tournament in 33 years. The last time the Queen had attended the championships was in 1977, when she watched British player Virginia Wade win the ladies' singles title. Arriving shortly after 11am, the Queen's visit included a tour of the grounds and an observation session of the All England Club's Wimbledon Junior Tennis Initiative on Court 14, before moving to the Members' Lawn where she greeted a line-up of players: the defending champions in singles Serena Williams and Roger Federer, multiple-time Wimbledon","psg_id":"13550300"},{"title":"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the victory, Graf captured her third Wimbledon Singles Championship, while it proved to be Sabatini's third and final appearance in a Grand Slam final. Steffi Graf (Champion) The original #1","psg_id":"10151820"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title by beating Roger Federer in a rematch of the 2014 final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3. The title was Djokovic's third at Wimbledon and ninth Grand Slam singles title overall, as well as his second major win of the year. Federer was vying to become the first man to win Wimbledon eight times. Federer became the first male player in the Open Era to reach 10 finals at a single Grand Slam. 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt played in his final Wimbledon appearance, losing to","psg_id":"18833776"},{"title":"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"She reached the fourth round as a wildcard before being defeated by Kim Clijsters. Amélie Mauresmo (Champion) 2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and","psg_id":"8128433"},{"title":"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam of the year, thus also becoming the first woman to complete","psg_id":"10151337"},{"title":"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"last appearance in a Grand Slam singles final. Navratilova became the oldest player to reach a Grand Slam singles final, at 37 years, 8 months and 14 days old. It was also Navratilova's 12th appearance in the Wimbledon singles final, an Open Era record. Steffi Graf \"(First round)\" Mary Pierce withdrew due to personal reasons. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Helena Suková, who became the #17 seed. 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one","psg_id":"10151830"},{"title":"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated compatriot and world No. 1 Lindsay Davenport in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 9–7 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest Wimbledon women's championship match in history, lasting two hours and 45 minutes. She became the first woman since Helen Wills in 1935 and the 1st in the open era to win the Wimbledon title after saving a match point against her. This was Venus's third Wimbledon singles title,","psg_id":"5956856"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Claudia Kohde-Kilsch withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Shaun Stafford. 1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the","psg_id":"10151413"},{"title":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated in the third round by the No. 28 seed Sam Querrey. This was his first defeat before the quarterfinals of a major tournament since the 2009 French Open, a streak of 28 quarterfinal appearances in a row. The defeat also broke his streak of four consecutive major tournament victories, dating back to the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. Andy Murray won his third major and second Wimbledon title defeating Milos Raonic in the final, 6–4, 7–6, 7–6. Raonic became the first Canadian male","psg_id":"19554504"},{"title":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Serena Williams. Serena Williams defeated Agnieszka Radwańska in the final, 6–1, 5–7, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Yaroslava Shvedova became the first player in the Open Era to win a 'golden set' at Wimbledon, winning the first set of her 6–0, 6–4 victory over 2012 French Open runner-up Sara Errani in the third round without dropping a single point. Sabine Lisicki defeated the reigning French Open champion for her third straight Wimbledon. She defeated","psg_id":"16595528"},{"title":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"came from Europe. Caroline Wozniacki \"(Fourth round)\" 2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the","psg_id":"15680084"},{"title":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the first time since 1913, all eight quarterfinalists","psg_id":"15680083"},{"title":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but lost to Sabine Lisicki in the fourth round, ending a 34-match winning streak dating back to the Miami Open. This was the fourth time in a row that Lisicki had defeated the reigning French Open champion at Wimbledon, comprising wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2009, Li Na in 2011, Maria Sharapova in 2012, and Williams in 2013 (Lisicki did not play Wimbledon in 2010). 2007 finalist Marion Bartoli defeated Lisicki in the final in straight sets, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the","psg_id":"16711124"},{"title":"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"in the first round by Croatian qualifier Mario Ančić, his last defeat at Wimbledon before his record-tying five straight Wimbledon-titles between 2003-07. The 1996 champion Richard Krajicek also made his final appearance at Wimbledon, reaching the quarterfinals before losing to Xavier Malisse of Belgium. Lleyton Hewitt (Champion) The original #5 seed Tommy Haas withdrew due to personal reasons before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 6-32 moved up one place, and a new #32 seed was added. 2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World","psg_id":"7110228"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After","psg_id":"7123702"},{"title":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After","psg_id":"7123700"},{"title":"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Djokovic replaced Nadal as the World No. 1, taking the top position for the first time since October 2013. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the","psg_id":"17968744"},{"title":"1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Mary Joe Fernández withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Anna Ivan. 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Zina Garrison. This was the first time since the 1986 US Open that Graf did not reach a Grand Slam final, ending a record of 13 consecutive major finals. Martina Navratilova defeated Garrison in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships. This was Navratilova's ninth singles title at Wimbledon, which would be her","psg_id":"8118832"},{"title":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Anna Kournikova, who became the #17 seed. 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129","psg_id":"7090776"},{"title":"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"that he was seeded throughout and this is reflected in the final issue of the programme. He was indeed replaced by lucky loser Anders Järryd in the main draw. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th","psg_id":"7111591"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"first time that year. Bartoli reached her first Grand Slam final after a semifinal victory over world No. 1 Justine Henin that was described as one of the biggest shocks in Wimbledon history. Though she lost the final, she would eventually win the Wimbledon title six years later in her final Grand Slam tournament. Justine Henin \"(Semifinals)\" 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon","psg_id":"10377958"},{"title":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Roger Federer. Federer defeated Andy Murray in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. It was his seventh Wimbledon title and seventeenth Grand Slam title. With the win, Federer also regained the world No. 1 ranking. Federer thus equalled both William Renshaw and Pete Sampras' record of seven Wimbledon titles, as well as Sampras' record of 286 weeks as world No. 1; Federer broke the latter record on 16 July 2012.","psg_id":"16595276"},{"title":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1994 Wimbledon Championships. 2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets.","psg_id":"19554509"},{"title":"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open. John McEnroe \"(Quarterfinals)\" 1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles","psg_id":"7123578"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"third round to Zheng Jie. Janković, Sharapova and Kuznetsova also lost in the first four rounds, it marked the first time in Wimbledon history that none of the top four women's seeds had advanced to at least the quarterfinals. Zheng's feat of reaching the semifinals made her the first Chinese player of either sex to reach a Grand Slam singles semifinal, and the first wild card ever to reach the semifinals of the women's singles event at Wimbledon. Ana Ivanovic \"(Third round)\" 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating","psg_id":"12084338"},{"title":"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"fifth Grand Slam singles title overall, and her first since the 2001 US Open. The first week of the tournament was headlined by two major upsets – Justine Henin-Hardenne's first round defeat marked the first time in the Open Era the reigning French Open champion had lost their opening match at Wimbledon, while Serena Williams's loss in the third round was her earliest exit at any Grand Slam tournament since the 1999 French Open. Lindsay Davenport \"(Final)\" 2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated","psg_id":"5956857"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"of all time. Nadal would also beat Federer in five sets at the 2009 Australian Open, and Federer would beat Nadal in five sets in the final of the 2017 Australian Open. Due to construction of a new retractable roof, this was the only Wimbledon final played without the upper facade which had been removed. 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger","psg_id":"17545258"},{"title":"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The final match included a tie-breaker played at 8–8 in the second set; the first ever Wimbledon singles","psg_id":"9951443"},{"title":"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the first player to reach the quarterfinals on his Wimbledon debut since Florian Mayer in 2004. Kyrgios also became the lowest-ranked player to","psg_id":"17968742"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players tied one to one on grass and one to one in","psg_id":"18898940"},{"title":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"last time where an American male player reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam until Sam Querrey reached the semifinals of the 2017 Wimbledon Championships eight years later. Rafael Nadal \"(Withdrew)\" 2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of","psg_id":"13482483"},{"title":"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"a Grand Slam tournament since the 1985 US Open final. The tournament also featured the first appearances of future champions Pete Sampras and Michael Stich in the main draw. Mats Wilander was about to complete the career Grand Slam in his career and losing to McEnroe in the quarterfinals. Ivan Lendl \"(Semifinals)\" 1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest","psg_id":"7123706"},{"title":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer against the world No. 2 Rafael Nadal. After 3 hours and 45 minutes, Federer defeated Nadal 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 2–6, 6–2. Upon its conclusion it was almost universally praised as the greatest Wimbledon final since Borg–McEnroe in 1980. Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal have a storied rivalry that many consider to be the greatest","psg_id":"17545252"},{"title":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"tournament. Halep retained the No. 1 ranking after Wozniacki and Stephens lost in the second and first rounds, respectively. With all top ten seeds losing before the quarterfinals, it was the worst overall Wimbledon performance of the top ten women's seeds in the Open Era. This was also the first time in the Open Era that none of the top four women's singles seeds reached the fourth round at Wimbledon. 2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit","psg_id":"20458627"},{"title":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets. In addition to","psg_id":"19554507"},{"title":"2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Greg Rusedski, Vince Spadea ended his \"historic\" losing streak of 21 matches, the longest such streak in open era. Pete Sampras (Champion) 2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title for the fourth consecutive year, defeating Pat Rafter in the final, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2000 Wimbledon Championships. Sampras' 7th Wimbledon title equalled William Renshaw's record, and was an Open Era record in the Gentleman's Singles until 2017, when Roger Federer won his 8th title. His victory was his 13th Grand Slam title, surpassing Roy Emerson as","psg_id":"7089065"},{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"Queen Elizabeth II (the Queen attended Wimbledon for the first time since 1962 to watch the final). Wade was the last British tennis player to have won a Grand Slam singles tournament until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012. She remains the most recent British woman to have won a Grand Slam singles title. After retiring from competitive tennis, she coached for four years and has also worked as a tennis commentator and game analyst for the BBC and Eurosport. On 10 July 1945, Wade was born in Bournemouth, England. Her father was the Archdeacon of Durban. At","psg_id":"1503007"},{"title":"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one consecutive quarter-final appearances dating back to the 1985 US Open. This also marked the first time in the Open Era that a Grand Slam defending champion had lost in the first round. The defending Grand Slam champion would not lose in the first round until the 2003 Australian Open. Conchita Martínez defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 to win the title. It was Martínez's only Grand Slam title, and Navratilova's","psg_id":"10151829"},{"title":"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"final to include a tie-break. Ilie Năstase \"(Fourth round)\" The original seeding list before the boycott was: 1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The","psg_id":"9951444"},{"title":"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"competed. Jim Courier \"(Third round)\" 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the","psg_id":"7124882"},{"title":"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year after winning","psg_id":"7124880"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Bozoljac. 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \"(Final)\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser","psg_id":"12080204"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \"(Final)\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Ilija","psg_id":"12080203"},{"title":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"day later to Agassi, who in addition to his run to the Wimbledon Final, had recently won the 1999 French Open. This tournament is also notable as being the last Grand Slam in which former World No. 1 Boris Becker would compete and the first Wimbledon appearances for future champions Lleyton Hewitt and Roger Federer. Pete Sampras (Champion) 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. With this win, his sixth at Wimbledon, Sampras broke","psg_id":"7088702"},{"title":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of games played) in Grand Slam tournament history with 77 games, breaking the record of 71 games set at the 1927 Australian Open. The match also had the longest fifth set (16–14)","psg_id":"13482481"},{"title":"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"seed Monica Seles withdrew due to injury before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 2-15 moved up one place, and a new #16 seed was added. 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the","psg_id":"10151821"},{"title":"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Levy, who became the #33 and #34 seeds respectively. 2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the","psg_id":"7107793"},{"title":"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt defeated David Nalbandian in the final, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships. It was Hewitt's second Grand Slam title, after winning the 2001 US Open. Hewitt was also the first Australian to win the title since Pat Cash in 1987. The 2002 Championships made history due to the unprecedentedly poor results of the top players. With the exception of Lleyton Hewitt and world no. 4 Tim Henman,","psg_id":"7110226"},{"title":"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"Australian Open, none of the Grand Slam finalists were former Grand Slam Champions. The next time that none of the Grand Slam champions would feature in a Wimbledon final would not come until 2013. Martina Hingis \"(Semifinals)\" Anna Kournikova withdrew due to a thumb injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Lilia Osterloh. 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title","psg_id":"10151840"},{"title":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles","text":"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129 Jelena Dokic; prior to this event, Hingis had reached the semifinals of every Grand","psg_id":"7090774"},{"title":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and top seed, but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Anderson despite leading by two sets to love and having a match point in the third set. Novak Djokovic claimed his fourth Wimbledon title, defeating Anderson in the final 6–2, 6–2, 7–6. The win moved him to 13 grand slam titles, and outright fourth place on the all time men's singles grand slam wins list, passing Roy Emerson. The win was also Djokovic's first title on the ATP tour for over 12 months, his last win coming at","psg_id":"20458621"},{"title":"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"In reaching the final, Andy Murray became the first British man to make it to the final since Don Budge defeated Bunny Austin in 1938. The championships was also notable for one of the biggest upsets in recent years as World No. 100 Lukáš Rosol beat World No. 2 and two-time Wimbledon champion Rafael Nadal in the second round, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. The loss ended Nadal's season as he did not play tennis again until February 2013 at the Chile Open. Novak Djokovic \"(Semifinals)\" 2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost","psg_id":"16595277"},{"title":"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final","text":"Wimbledon Championships, the two men had combined to win 14 of the previous 16 Grand Slam titles. The 2008 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the third consecutive year in which Federer and Nadal had met in the finals of Wimbledon. Federer had won not only both previous meetings, but had also been the Wimbledon champion five years in a row and was now trying to become champion for a sixth consecutive year. Nadal, on the other hand, had just won the French Open for the fourth time in a row and was trying to achieve the rare French Open-Wimbledon double.","psg_id":"14681794"},{"title":"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the Wimbledon title. Ivanišević became the first unseeded player to","psg_id":"7107791"},{"title":"Virginia Wade","text":"was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1986 Birthday Honours for services to Lawn Tennis. In 1989, Wade was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island. Wade now lives in the USA although keeps a cottage and the family home in Kent. (Source: WTA) SR = the ratio of the number of singles tournaments won to the number played. Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from","psg_id":"1503013"},{"title":"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"the second time to beat a world No 1 player, the first was Djokovic at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships. For the first time since the 2005 Australian Open, David Ferrer was not seeded at a Grand Slam and the first time since the 2004 US Open that fellow Spaniard Guillermo García López did not play at a Grand Slam, ending his streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No.","psg_id":"20199635"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"Steve Darcis (135th) in 2013, and Nick Kyrgios (144th) in 2014. This was the first major since the 2002 US Open where Spaniard David Ferrer (world number eight) did not participate in as he withdrew with an elbow injury that occurred in the lead up tournament at the 2015 Queen's Club Championships. This ended Ferrer's streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. This is also the first Grand Slam main draw appearance for future three-time Masters 1000 champion and world number 3 Alexander Zverev. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and","psg_id":"18833778"},{"title":"2015 Wimbledon Championships","text":"held one week later than in previous seasons, giving a three-week gap from the end of the 2015 French Open. The change, announced in 2012, is intended to provide players more time for recuperation and preparatory grass-court tournaments. Novak Djokovic of Serbia won his third Wimbledon title in men's singles, defending his championship from 2014. Petra Kvitová of the Czech Republic was the defending champion in women's singles, but she lost to Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza in the final, 6–4, 6–4. She also","psg_id":"18244029"},{"title":"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles","text":"after an epic and gruelling five-set semifinal against Juan Martín del Potro. At 4 hours and 43 minutes this match made history as the longest semifinal ever contested at Wimbledon, breaking the previous record set by Boris Becker and Ivan Lendl at the 1989 Championships. Novak Djokovic \"(Final)\" 2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion but he lost in the second round in a huge upset to World No. 116 Sergiy Stakhovsky from Ukraine. Stakhovsky was unable to build on his effort and lost in the next round in 4 sets to Jürgen Melzer. Federer's","psg_id":"16711083"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from Great Britain. She won three Grand Slam singles championships and four Grand Slam doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all four Grand Slam tournaments. She was ranked as high as No. 2 in the world in singles, and No. 1 in the world in doubles. Three times a Grand Slam singles champion, her most famous success was winning Wimbledon on 1 July 1977, the tournament's centenary year, and the year of the Silver Jubilee of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503006\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"years. She retired from singles competition at the end of the 1985 tennis season, and then from doubles at the end of 1986. In 1983, at the age of 37, she won the Italian Open women's doubles championship, along with her teammate Virginia Ruzici of Romania. The 26 times that Wade played at Wimbledon is an all-time record, 24 of those times being in the women's singles. Since 1981, while she was still playing, Wade has been a reporter on tennis events for the BBC. In 1982, she became the first woman to be elected to the Wimbledon Committee. Wade\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams defeated her sister, the two-time defending champion Venus Williams, in the final, 7–6, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships. This was Serena's third Wimbledon singles title and eleventh Grand Slam singles title overall. It was also the third time she had won a Grand Slam title after saving a match point against her, in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva. Venus Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13482491\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit of the defending champion at Wimbledon since Steffi Graf's first round defeat in 1994. Angelique Kerber won her third Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in the rematch of the 2016 final, 6–3, 6–3. Kerber became the first German since Graf in 1996 to lift the trophy. Simona Halep, Caroline Wozniacki and Sloane Stephens were in contention for the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the start of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458626\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2003 Wimbledon Championships. It was Federer's first Grand Slam tournament win, and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110415\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Muguruza became the first Spanish woman to make the Wimbledon final since Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in 1996. Muguruza won the title two years later. This tournament is notable for being the first grand slam main draw appearance of 2017 French Open champion Jeļena Ostapenko. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18836324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"was replaced by the next highest non-seeded player Radek Štěpánek, who became the #35 seed. 2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic defeated the defending champion Rafael Nadal in the final, 6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first Wimbledon and third Grand Slam title, having previously won the 2008 and 2011 Australian Open. In losing to Djokovic in the final, Nadal ended his 20-match Wimbledon winning streak dating back to 2008, having missed the 2009 championships due to injury. This was also the first time since 2002 that neither Roger Federer nor Nadal had won Wimbledon. Both Nadal and Djokovic were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15680051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"of a Grand Slam after Jerzy Janowicz defeated countryman Łukasz Kubot in the quarterfinals. Andy Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the final in straight sets, 6–4, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1936, ending a 76-year drought, as well as the first British winner in singles since Virginia Wade won the women's event in 1977. He was also the first Scot to win the Wimbledon title since Harold Mahony in 1896. Djokovic had advanced to the final\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Smith \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10148542\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus Williams. Margaret\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10148541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"reached the fourth round before losing to Halep. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"at age 47, the oldest player in the Open Era to win a main draw match at Wimbledon. Serena Williams \\\"(Final)\\\" 2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \\\"the most stunning upset in memory\\\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7100152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Gulbis withdrew due to a muscle tear in his right thigh. He was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Philipp Petzschner, who became the #33 seed. 2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14670138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating her sister Serena Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. This was Venus's fifth Wimbledon title and her seventh Grand Slam singles title overall. This was also the second time she won a Grand Slam tournament without losing a set. The top four seeds, Ana Ivanovic, Jelena Janković, Maria Sharapova and Svetlana Kuznetsova were in contention for the WTA No. 1 ranking. Ivanovic retained the top ranking despite losing in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12084337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1998 Wimbledon Championships. This was Novotná's first win in a Wimbledon final on her third attempt. This would be the last time a Czech player would win Wimbledon (or win a Grand Slam title) until Petra Kvitová won in 2011. The 1998 final was the first time in the Open Era since the 1980\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and last Grand Slam title, having won the Australian Open earlier in the year. Mauresmo also became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8128431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th seed Thomas Muster in the draw, when Muster withdrew shortly before the start of the tournament. A number of high-seeded men were eliminated early, including 1992 champion Andre Agassi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7111589\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. Williams, ranked 31st at the time and seeded 23rd, remains the lowest ranked and lowest seeded woman ever to win Wimbledon. This was Williams' fourth Wimbledon singles title and she also became the first female champion to earn the same prize money as the male champion, following the tournament's decision to award equal pay for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10377957\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the Calendar Grand Slam in the Open Era. Margaret Court (Champion) 1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, as Rafael Nadal, Stan Wawrinka, and Novak Djokovic all failed to gain enough ranking points to surpass him. Roger Federer won the title, achieving his unprecedented eighth Wimbledon Gentleman's Singles Title and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4. Federer thus became the only player to win the Gentleman's singles title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199632\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"sustain the challenge. In the end, Djokovic won in 4 sets. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18898944\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all but three). Federer's loss, along those with Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Roddick were out at the fourth round, ensured that will have a first time Wimbledon finalist from the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14670135\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her second non-calendar year Grand Slam after winning the 2014 US Open, 2015 Australian Open and 2015 French Open and she also became the first player since Steffi Graf in 1988 to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon all in the same calendar year.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18836323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the second set. Graf then came back winning 12 of the next 13 games and the match. Steffi Graf (Champion)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \\\"the most stunning upset in memory\\\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who was to become a future world No. 1, entered the top ten for the first time in her career. She also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7100150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Championships, Wimbledon\",\n \"text\": \"with the other three \\\"Major or Grand Slam\\\" events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked amateur players, professional players were prohibited from participating. This changed with the advent of the open era in 1968. No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013, while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively. The Championship was first televised in 1937. Though properly called \\\"The Championships, Wimbledon\\\", depending on sources the event is also known as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"906201\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest ever Wimbledon semi-final at four hours and one minute long. It would not be until the 2013 championships that this record would be broken, when the semi-final match between Novak Djokovic and Juan Martín del Potro would last four hours and forty-three minutes. John McEnroe reached the semi-finals, his best showing in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while it marked Sánchez Vicario's last appearance in the ladies' Wimbledon final. Steffi Graf (Champion) Chanda Rubin withdrew due to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male Grand Slam singles champion at . This latter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"injury. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Karina Habšudová, who became the #17 seed. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 Wimbledon Championships\",\n \"text\": \"of 2010. Queen Elizabeth II visited Wimbledon on Thursday 24 June, her first visit to the annual tennis tournament in 33 years. The last time the Queen had attended the championships was in 1977, when she watched British player Virginia Wade win the ladies' singles title. Arriving shortly after 11am, the Queen's visit included a tour of the grounds and an observation session of the All England Club's Wimbledon Junior Tennis Initiative on Court 14, before moving to the Members' Lawn where she greeted a line-up of players: the defending champions in singles Serena Williams and Roger Federer, multiple-time Wimbledon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13550300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the victory, Graf captured her third Wimbledon Singles Championship, while it proved to be Sabatini's third and final appearance in a Grand Slam final. Steffi Graf (Champion) The original #1\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151820\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title by beating Roger Federer in a rematch of the 2014 final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3. The title was Djokovic's third at Wimbledon and ninth Grand Slam singles title overall, as well as his second major win of the year. Federer was vying to become the first man to win Wimbledon eight times. Federer became the first male player in the Open Era to reach 10 finals at a single Grand Slam. 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt played in his final Wimbledon appearance, losing to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18833776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"She reached the fourth round as a wildcard before being defeated by Kim Clijsters. Amélie Mauresmo (Champion) 2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8128433\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam of the year, thus also becoming the first woman to complete\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151337\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"last appearance in a Grand Slam singles final. Navratilova became the oldest player to reach a Grand Slam singles final, at 37 years, 8 months and 14 days old. It was also Navratilova's 12th appearance in the Wimbledon singles final, an Open Era record. Steffi Graf \\\"(First round)\\\" Mary Pierce withdrew due to personal reasons. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Helena Suková, who became the #17 seed. 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151830\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated compatriot and world No. 1 Lindsay Davenport in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 9–7 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest Wimbledon women's championship match in history, lasting two hours and 45 minutes. She became the first woman since Helen Wills in 1935 and the 1st in the open era to win the Wimbledon title after saving a match point against her. This was Venus's third Wimbledon singles title,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5956856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Claudia Kohde-Kilsch withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Shaun Stafford. 1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated in the third round by the No. 28 seed Sam Querrey. This was his first defeat before the quarterfinals of a major tournament since the 2009 French Open, a streak of 28 quarterfinal appearances in a row. The defeat also broke his streak of four consecutive major tournament victories, dating back to the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. Andy Murray won his third major and second Wimbledon title defeating Milos Raonic in the final, 6–4, 7–6, 7–6. Raonic became the first Canadian male\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19554504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Serena Williams. Serena Williams defeated Agnieszka Radwańska in the final, 6–1, 5–7, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Yaroslava Shvedova became the first player in the Open Era to win a 'golden set' at Wimbledon, winning the first set of her 6–0, 6–4 victory over 2012 French Open runner-up Sara Errani in the third round without dropping a single point. Sabine Lisicki defeated the reigning French Open champion for her third straight Wimbledon. She defeated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16595528\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"came from Europe. Caroline Wozniacki \\\"(Fourth round)\\\" 2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15680084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the first time since 1913, all eight quarterfinalists\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15680083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but lost to Sabine Lisicki in the fourth round, ending a 34-match winning streak dating back to the Miami Open. This was the fourth time in a row that Lisicki had defeated the reigning French Open champion at Wimbledon, comprising wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2009, Li Na in 2011, Maria Sharapova in 2012, and Williams in 2013 (Lisicki did not play Wimbledon in 2010). 2007 finalist Marion Bartoli defeated Lisicki in the final in straight sets, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"in the first round by Croatian qualifier Mario Ančić, his last defeat at Wimbledon before his record-tying five straight Wimbledon-titles between 2003-07. The 1996 champion Richard Krajicek also made his final appearance at Wimbledon, reaching the quarterfinals before losing to Xavier Malisse of Belgium. Lleyton Hewitt (Champion) The original #5 seed Tommy Haas withdrew due to personal reasons before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 6-32 moved up one place, and a new #32 seed was added. 2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123700\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Djokovic replaced Nadal as the World No. 1, taking the top position for the first time since October 2013. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17968744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Mary Joe Fernández withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Anna Ivan. 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Zina Garrison. This was the first time since the 1986 US Open that Graf did not reach a Grand Slam final, ending a record of 13 consecutive major finals. Martina Navratilova defeated Garrison in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships. This was Navratilova's ninth singles title at Wimbledon, which would be her\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8118832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Anna Kournikova, who became the #17 seed. 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7090776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"that he was seeded throughout and this is reflected in the final issue of the programme. He was indeed replaced by lucky loser Anders Järryd in the main draw. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7111591\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"first time that year. Bartoli reached her first Grand Slam final after a semifinal victory over world No. 1 Justine Henin that was described as one of the biggest shocks in Wimbledon history. Though she lost the final, she would eventually win the Wimbledon title six years later in her final Grand Slam tournament. Justine Henin \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10377958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Roger Federer. Federer defeated Andy Murray in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. It was his seventh Wimbledon title and seventeenth Grand Slam title. With the win, Federer also regained the world No. 1 ranking. Federer thus equalled both William Renshaw and Pete Sampras' record of seven Wimbledon titles, as well as Sampras' record of 286 weeks as world No. 1; Federer broke the latter record on 16 July 2012.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16595276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships. 2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19554509\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open. John McEnroe \\\"(Quarterfinals)\\\" 1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123578\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"third round to Zheng Jie. Janković, Sharapova and Kuznetsova also lost in the first four rounds, it marked the first time in Wimbledon history that none of the top four women's seeds had advanced to at least the quarterfinals. Zheng's feat of reaching the semifinals made her the first Chinese player of either sex to reach a Grand Slam singles semifinal, and the first wild card ever to reach the semifinals of the women's singles event at Wimbledon. Ana Ivanovic \\\"(Third round)\\\" 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12084338\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"fifth Grand Slam singles title overall, and her first since the 2001 US Open. The first week of the tournament was headlined by two major upsets – Justine Henin-Hardenne's first round defeat marked the first time in the Open Era the reigning French Open champion had lost their opening match at Wimbledon, while Serena Williams's loss in the third round was her earliest exit at any Grand Slam tournament since the 1999 French Open. Lindsay Davenport \\\"(Final)\\\" 2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5956857\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"of all time. Nadal would also beat Federer in five sets at the 2009 Australian Open, and Federer would beat Nadal in five sets in the final of the 2017 Australian Open. Due to construction of a new retractable roof, this was the only Wimbledon final played without the upper facade which had been removed. 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17545258\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The final match included a tie-breaker played at 8–8 in the second set; the first ever Wimbledon singles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9951443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the first player to reach the quarterfinals on his Wimbledon debut since Florian Mayer in 2004. Kyrgios also became the lowest-ranked player to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17968742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players tied one to one on grass and one to one in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18898940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"last time where an American male player reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam until Sam Querrey reached the semifinals of the 2017 Wimbledon Championships eight years later. Rafael Nadal \\\"(Withdrew)\\\" 2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13482483\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"a Grand Slam tournament since the 1985 US Open final. The tournament also featured the first appearances of future champions Pete Sampras and Michael Stich in the main draw. Mats Wilander was about to complete the career Grand Slam in his career and losing to McEnroe in the quarterfinals. Ivan Lendl \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7123706\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer against the world No. 2 Rafael Nadal. After 3 hours and 45 minutes, Federer defeated Nadal 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 2–6, 6–2. Upon its conclusion it was almost universally praised as the greatest Wimbledon final since Borg–McEnroe in 1980. Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal have a storied rivalry that many consider to be the greatest\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17545252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"tournament. Halep retained the No. 1 ranking after Wozniacki and Stephens lost in the second and first rounds, respectively. With all top ten seeds losing before the quarterfinals, it was the worst overall Wimbledon performance of the top ten women's seeds in the Open Era. This was also the first time in the Open Era that none of the top four women's singles seeds reached the fourth round at Wimbledon. 2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458627\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets. In addition to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19554507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Greg Rusedski, Vince Spadea ended his \\\"historic\\\" losing streak of 21 matches, the longest such streak in open era. Pete Sampras (Champion) 2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title for the fourth consecutive year, defeating Pat Rafter in the final, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2000 Wimbledon Championships. Sampras' 7th Wimbledon title equalled William Renshaw's record, and was an Open Era record in the Gentleman's Singles until 2017, when Roger Federer won his 8th title. His victory was his 13th Grand Slam title, surpassing Roy Emerson as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7089065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"Queen Elizabeth II (the Queen attended Wimbledon for the first time since 1962 to watch the final). Wade was the last British tennis player to have won a Grand Slam singles tournament until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012. She remains the most recent British woman to have won a Grand Slam singles title. After retiring from competitive tennis, she coached for four years and has also worked as a tennis commentator and game analyst for the BBC and Eurosport. On 10 July 1945, Wade was born in Bournemouth, England. Her father was the Archdeacon of Durban. At\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one consecutive quarter-final appearances dating back to the 1985 US Open. This also marked the first time in the Open Era that a Grand Slam defending champion had lost in the first round. The defending Grand Slam champion would not lose in the first round until the 2003 Australian Open. Conchita Martínez defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 to win the title. It was Martínez's only Grand Slam title, and Navratilova's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"final to include a tie-break. Ilie Năstase \\\"(Fourth round)\\\" The original seeding list before the boycott was: 1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9951444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"competed. Jim Courier \\\"(Third round)\\\" 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7124882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year after winning\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7124880\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Bozoljac. 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \\\"(Final)\\\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12080204\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \\\"(Final)\\\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Ilija\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12080203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"day later to Agassi, who in addition to his run to the Wimbledon Final, had recently won the 1999 French Open. This tournament is also notable as being the last Grand Slam in which former World No. 1 Boris Becker would compete and the first Wimbledon appearances for future champions Lleyton Hewitt and Roger Federer. Pete Sampras (Champion) 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. With this win, his sixth at Wimbledon, Sampras broke\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7088702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of games played) in Grand Slam tournament history with 77 games, breaking the record of 71 games set at the 1927 Australian Open. The match also had the longest fifth set (16–14)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13482481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"seed Monica Seles withdrew due to injury before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 2-15 moved up one place, and a new #16 seed was added. 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Levy, who became the #33 and #34 seeds respectively. 2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7107793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt defeated David Nalbandian in the final, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships. It was Hewitt's second Grand Slam title, after winning the 2001 US Open. Hewitt was also the first Australian to win the title since Pat Cash in 1987. The 2002 Championships made history due to the unprecedentedly poor results of the top players. With the exception of Lleyton Hewitt and world no. 4 Tim Henman,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7110226\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Australian Open, none of the Grand Slam finalists were former Grand Slam Champions. The next time that none of the Grand Slam champions would feature in a Wimbledon final would not come until 2013. Martina Hingis \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" Anna Kournikova withdrew due to a thumb injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Lilia Osterloh. 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10151840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129 Jelena Dokic; prior to this event, Hingis had reached the semifinals of every Grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7090774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and top seed, but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Anderson despite leading by two sets to love and having a match point in the third set. Novak Djokovic claimed his fourth Wimbledon title, defeating Anderson in the final 6–2, 6–2, 7–6. The win moved him to 13 grand slam titles, and outright fourth place on the all time men's singles grand slam wins list, passing Roy Emerson. The win was also Djokovic's first title on the ATP tour for over 12 months, his last win coming at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458621\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"In reaching the final, Andy Murray became the first British man to make it to the final since Don Budge defeated Bunny Austin in 1938. The championships was also notable for one of the biggest upsets in recent years as World No. 100 Lukáš Rosol beat World No. 2 and two-time Wimbledon champion Rafael Nadal in the second round, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. The loss ended Nadal's season as he did not play tennis again until February 2013 at the Chile Open. Novak Djokovic \\\"(Semifinals)\\\" 2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16595277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final\",\n \"text\": \"Wimbledon Championships, the two men had combined to win 14 of the previous 16 Grand Slam titles. The 2008 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the third consecutive year in which Federer and Nadal had met in the finals of Wimbledon. Federer had won not only both previous meetings, but had also been the Wimbledon champion five years in a row and was now trying to become champion for a sixth consecutive year. Nadal, on the other hand, had just won the French Open for the fourth time in a row and was trying to achieve the rare French Open-Wimbledon double.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14681794\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the Wimbledon title. Ivanišević became the first unseeded player to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7107791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Virginia Wade\",\n \"text\": \"was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1986 Birthday Honours for services to Lawn Tennis. In 1989, Wade was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island. Wade now lives in the USA although keeps a cottage and the family home in Kent. (Source: WTA) SR = the ratio of the number of singles tournaments won to the number played. Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1503013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the second time to beat a world No 1 player, the first was Djokovic at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships. For the first time since the 2005 Australian Open, David Ferrer was not seeded at a Grand Slam and the first time since the 2004 US Open that fellow Spaniard Guillermo García López did not play at a Grand Slam, ending his streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20199635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"Steve Darcis (135th) in 2013, and Nick Kyrgios (144th) in 2014. This was the first major since the 2002 US Open where Spaniard David Ferrer (world number eight) did not participate in as he withdrew with an elbow injury that occurred in the lead up tournament at the 2015 Queen's Club Championships. This ended Ferrer's streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. This is also the first Grand Slam main draw appearance for future three-time Masters 1000 champion and world number 3 Alexander Zverev. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18833778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 Wimbledon Championships\",\n \"text\": \"held one week later than in previous seasons, giving a three-week gap from the end of the 2015 French Open. The change, announced in 2012, is intended to provide players more time for recuperation and preparatory grass-court tournaments. Novak Djokovic of Serbia won his third Wimbledon title in men's singles, defending his championship from 2014. Petra Kvitová of the Czech Republic was the defending champion in women's singles, but she lost to Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza in the final, 6–4, 6–4. She also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18244029\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"after an epic and gruelling five-set semifinal against Juan Martín del Potro. At 4 hours and 43 minutes this match made history as the longest semifinal ever contested at Wimbledon, breaking the previous record set by Boris Becker and Ivan Lendl at the 1989 Championships. Novak Djokovic \\\"(Final)\\\" 2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion but he lost in the second round in a huge upset to World No. 116 Sergiy Stakhovsky from Ukraine. Stakhovsky was unable to build on his effort and lost in the next round in 4 sets to Jürgen Melzer. Federer's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711083\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["chrissie evert","chris evert-lloyd","christine marie evert","chris evert","chris evert lloyd","christine marie %22chris%22 evert","christine evert","christine m. evert"],"string":"[\n \"chrissie evert\",\n \"chris evert-lloyd\",\n \"christine marie evert\",\n \"chris evert\",\n \"chris evert lloyd\",\n \"christine marie %22chris%22 evert\",\n \"christine evert\",\n \"christine m. evert\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":580,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who is the youngest female tennis player to win the us open?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"2010 US Open (tennis)","text":"on their team's order of finish. The invitees for this year's event included a host of past US Open champions, including sixteen-time US Open champion Martina Navratilova, two-time women's singles champion Tracy Austin (1979, 1981) and 1988 men's singles champion Mats Wilander, as well as the Champion Invitational's first \"Hall of Fame team\": 2010 International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva, who teamed to win three US Open women's doubles titles, and Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, collectively known as The Woodies, who won back-to-back men's doubles championships in 1995 and 1996. Also scheduled to compete","psg_id":"13823714"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"on their team's order of finish. The invitees for this year's event included a host of past US Open champions, including sixteen-time US Open champion Martina Navratilova, two-time women's singles champion Tracy Austin (1979, 1981) and 1988 men's singles champion Mats Wilander, as well as the Champion Invitational's first \\\"Hall of Fame team\\\": 2010 International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva, who teamed to win three US Open women's doubles titles, and Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, collectively known as The Woodies, who won back-to-back men's doubles championships in 1995 and 1996. Also scheduled to compete\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13823714\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique Kerber defeated Karolína Plíšková in the women's singles to become the first German player to win the tournament since Steffi Graf in 1996. 2015 women's singles champion Flavia Pennetta did not defend her title as she had retired","psg_id":"19618778"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"US$25,000 each. Beginning in 1975, the tournament was played on clay courts instead of grass, and floodlights allowed matches to be played at night. In 1978, the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the larger and newly constructed USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. The tournament's court surface also switched from clay to hard. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on three surfaces (grass, clay, and hard), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win US Open singles titles on two surfaces","psg_id":"866817"},{"title":"2008 US Open (tennis)","text":"the first American to win a singles title since Andy Roddick in 2003. Twin brothers Bob and Mike Bryan won their second US Open title, and Liezel Huber (who became an American citizen in 2007) won the women's doubles with Zimbabwean Cara Black. The International Tennis Federation and United States Tennis Association offered audiences a number of new ways to access the Open in 2008. A YouTube channel was set up to broadcast highlights, and the official US Open website featured hourly updates of what was happening at the tournament. Multiple matches could be accessed at any one time, on","psg_id":"10523448"},{"title":"2007 US Open (tennis)","text":"the 2007 US Open are as follows: 2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set.","psg_id":"9836760"},{"title":"1975 US Open (tennis)","text":"1975 US Open (tennis) The 1975 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 7 September. It was the 95th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1975. During the final three years at the Forest Hills location, 1975-1977, the US Open was played on a green-colored Har-Tru clay surface, a surface slightly harder and faster than red clay. The switch came after player complaints about the poor state and uneven","psg_id":"8181199"},{"title":"2007 US Open (tennis)","text":"2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set. It was the second Grand Slam she","psg_id":"9836739"},{"title":"1970 US Open (tennis)","text":"1970 US Open (tennis) The 1970 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 13 September. It was the 90th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1970. It was the first Grand Slam tournament in which the tiebreak was used to decide the set at a 6-6 score. It differed from the current tie-break scoring in that it was won by the first player to reach five points with a","psg_id":"8181457"},{"title":"2013 US Open (tennis)","text":"following player received entry as a lucky loser: The following players received entry as lucky losers: The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or personal reasons. 2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August","psg_id":"16711175"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"US$33.6 million, a record US$8.1 million increase from 2012. The champions of the 2013 US Open Series also had the opportunity to add US$2.6 million in bonus prize money, potentially bringing the total 2013 US Open purse to more than US$36 million. In 2014, the prize money was US$38.3 million. In 2015, the prize money was raised to US$42.3 million. Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the US Open through the years but presently singles players receive the following points: US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis","psg_id":"866828"},{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"at the end of the 2015 season. This tournament turned out to be the last one in the career of former No.1 player in the world and 2008 French Open women's singles champion Ana Ivanovic, who announced her retirement from professional tennis at the end of the year. The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and was","psg_id":"19618779"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's singles was first played in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year. The other three, in chronological order, are the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon. The US Open starts on the last Monday of August and continues for two weeks, with the middle weekend coinciding with the U.S.","psg_id":"866808"},{"title":"1993 US Open (tennis)","text":"also seen watching the Open on TV, where the reporter can be heard crediting a match win to Natalia Baudone, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5, over Mary Pierce. Pierce won the actual match 6–0, 6–7, 7–6. Kramer becomes a 'ballman' for the tournament later in the episode and accidentally injures Monica Seles in the final. Seles did not play in the tournament that year owing to an incident in April 1993 which prevented her from playing competitive tennis until August 1995. 1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National","psg_id":"8180747"},{"title":"2011 US Open (tennis)","text":"6–3 for her first Grand Slam title. Stosur thus became the first Australian female player to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the men's singles, both Nadal and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the second consecutive year. This time, Djokovic won 6–2, 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 for his first US Open title. Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The USTA announced that the 2011 US Open purse has increased by more than one million dollars to reach a record $23.7 million.","psg_id":"15503955"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"(clay and hard). The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception. During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed to \"USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center\" in honor of Billie Jean King, a four-time US Open singles champion and women's tennis pioneer. From 1984 through 2015, the US Open deviated from traditional scheduling practices for tennis tournaments with a concept that came to be known as \"Super Saturday\": the men's and women's finals were played on the final Saturday and Sunday of the tournament respectively, and their respective","psg_id":"866818"},{"title":"2015 US Open (tennis)","text":"Flavia Pennetta won the Women's Singles title and became the first Italian to win the US Open. The 2015 US Open was the 135th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is part of the 2015 ATP World Tour and the 2015 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category. The tournament consists of both men's and women's singles and doubles draws as","psg_id":"18220661"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"women's singles final, which was pushed into primetime by rain delays. Since 1978, the US Open has been played on a hard court surface called Pro DecoTurf. It is a multi-layer cushioned surface and classified by the International Tennis Federation as medium-fast. Each August before the start of the tournament, the courts are resurfaced. Since 2005, all US Open and US Open Series tennis courts have been painted a shade of blue (trademarked as \"U.S. Open Blue\") inside the lines to make it easier for players, spectators, and television viewers to see the ball. The area outside the lines is","psg_id":"866824"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"money (US$40,912,000) accounts for 80.9 percent of total player base compensation, while men's and women's doubles (US$6,140,840), men's and women's singles qualifying (US$3,008,000), and mixed doubles (US$505,000) account for 12.1 percent, 5.9 percent, and 1.0 percent, respectively. The prize money for the wheelchair draw amounts to a total of US$350,000. The singles winners of the men and women draws receive US$31,200 and the winner of the quad singles receives US$23,400. The United States Tennis Association in 2012 agreed to increase the US Open prize money to US$50,400,000 by 2017. As a result, the prize money for the 2013 tournament was","psg_id":"866827"},{"title":"1978 US Open (tennis)","text":"1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was played at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows after having been organized at the","psg_id":"8181135"},{"title":"2000 US Open (tennis)","text":"2000 US Open (tennis) The 2000 US Open was held between August 28 – September 10, 2000. It was the final Grand Slam event of 2000. Both Andre Agassi and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences; Agassi being upset in the second round by Arnaud Clément and Williams losing in the quarter-finals to Lindsay Davenport. Marat Safin won his first US Open title and first of two Grand Slams, defeating Pete Sampras in the final, and Venus Williams defeated Davenport to win the women's title. Marat Safin defeated Pete Sampras, 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 Venus Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport,","psg_id":"5227405"},{"title":"2008 US Open (tennis)","text":"2008 US Open (tennis) The 2008 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 128th edition of the US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States, from August 25 through September 8, 2008. The men's defending champion, Roger Federer, won the US Open for a fifth consecutive time. Justine Henin, the women's defending champion, did not return to defend her title due to her retirement from tennis, for personal","psg_id":"10523446"},{"title":"1977 US Open (tennis)","text":"1977 US Open (tennis) The 1977 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 11 September. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows","psg_id":"8181161"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"Labor Day holiday. The tournament consists of five primary championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The tournament also includes events for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a non-profit organization, and the chairperson of the US Open is Katrina Adams. Revenue from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television contracts are used to develop tennis","psg_id":"866809"},{"title":"1978 US Open (tennis)","text":"Per Hjertquist defeated Stefan Simonsson, 7-6, 1-6, 7-6 Linda Siegel defeated Ivanna Madruga, 6–4, 6-4 1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was","psg_id":"8181137"},{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"goes to both the men's and women's singles champions. This made the US Open the most lucrative and highest paying tennis grand slam in the world, leapfrogging Wimbledon in total prize money fund. Prize money for the US Open qualifying tournament is also up 10 percent, to $1.9 million. On top of listed above, $600,000 will contribute Champions Invitational events prize money, while $1,478,000 is estimated as players' \"per diem\". A total of men's and women's singles prize money ($36,324,000) will account for more than 78% of total player compensation, while doubles ($5,463,000) and mixed doubles ($500,000) – for 12%","psg_id":"19618785"},{"title":"2009 US Open (tennis)","text":"a protected ranking: 2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open","psg_id":"12846872"},{"title":"2009 US Open (tennis)","text":"2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open after being granted","psg_id":"12846834"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"courts just outside the East Gate) consisting of four \"show courts\" (Arthur Ashe Stadium, Louis Armstrong Stadium, the Grandstand, and Court 17), 13 field courts, and 5 practice courts. The main court is the 23,771-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened in 1997. A US$180 million retractable roof was added in 2016. The stadium is named after Arthur Ashe, the African-American who won the men's singles title at the inaugural US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970, and Wimbledon in 1975 and who was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1985. The next largest court is","psg_id":"866821"},{"title":"2016 US Open (tennis)","text":"service game to lead, before Kerber levelled the set at 3–3. With the match at 5–4, Plíšková served to stay in the match but Kerber won it in a love game to secure her first US Open title. 2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique","psg_id":"19618790"},{"title":"2013 US Open (tennis)","text":"2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August 26 to September 9. Andy Murray and Serena Williams were the defending champions in the singles events. Williams successfully defended her title, but Murray was defeated in the quarterfinals by Stanislas Wawrinka. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles. The 2013 US Open was the 133rd edition of the","psg_id":"16711171"},{"title":"1973 US Open (tennis)","text":"1973 US Open (tennis) The 1973 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 9 September. It was the 93rd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1973. It was the first year the boy's championship was held. The 1973 US Open was the first Grand Slam offering equal prize money to both men and women. John Newcombe defeated Jan Kodeš, 6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 Margaret Court defeated Evonne Goolagong,","psg_id":"8181384"},{"title":"2011 US Open (tennis)","text":"players who withdrew from the event. Rankings are as of 22 August. Below are the lists of the wild card awardees entering in the main draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2011 US Open (tennis) The 2011 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United","psg_id":"15503959"},{"title":"2015 US Open (tennis)","text":"four tennis majors (the French Open is split between Tennis Channel for cable coverage and NBC for over-the-air coverage, with portions previously sub-licensed to ESPN until 2016). Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The US Open total prize money for 2015 was increased by 10.5 percent to a record $42,253,400, which potentially could reach almost 45 million dollars, as the top three finishers in the Emirates Airline US Open Series may earn up an additional $2.625 million in bonus money at the US Open. Of the","psg_id":"18220666"},{"title":"1994 US Open – Men's Singles","text":"1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show","psg_id":"8420775"},{"title":"1969 US Open (tennis)","text":"1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship was the first time in grand slam","psg_id":"8181469"},{"title":"1969 US Open (tennis)","text":"Françoise Dürr / Dennis Ralston, 7–5, 6–3 1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship","psg_id":"8181471"},{"title":"1979 US Open (tennis)","text":"6–4 Betty Stöve / Wendy Turnbull defeated Billie Jean King Martina Navratilova 7–5, 6–3 Greer Stevens / Bob Hewitt defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 6–3, 7–5 Scott Davis defeated Jan Gunnarson 6–3, 6–1 Alycia Moulton defeated Mary Lou Piatek 7–6, 7–6 1979 US Open (tennis) The 1979 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 99th edition of the US Open and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from","psg_id":"8181134"},{"title":"1968 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Billie Jean King, 4–6, 9–7, 8–6 No mixed doubles at the 1968 US Open. Results often seen are those of the 1968 US National Championships held a month earlier in Boston. 1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first","psg_id":"10856028"},{"title":"2015 US Open (tennis)","text":"2015 US Open (tennis) The 2015 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 135th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Marin Čilić was the defending champion in the men's singles event, but lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion in the women's singles event and was also trying to complete the calendar Grand Slam, but she lost to Roberta Vinci in the semifinals.","psg_id":"18220660"},{"title":"2017 US Open (tennis)","text":"2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Experimental rules featured in qualifying for the main draw as well as in the junior, wheelchair and exhibition events. Stan Wawrinka and Angelique Kerber were the previous year's men's and women's singles champions. Neither managed to defend their title as Wawrinka withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a knee injury","psg_id":"19772949"},{"title":"2014 US Open (tennis)","text":"were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from","psg_id":"17547443"},{"title":"2014 US Open (tennis)","text":"2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury, while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women's event. In the men's singles competition, Marin Čilić won his maiden","psg_id":"17547436"},{"title":"2018 US Open (tennis)","text":"the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his","psg_id":"20458655"},{"title":"2018 US Open (tennis)","text":"2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his semifinal match against Juan Martín del Potro. Stephens was defeated in the quarterfinals by Anastasija Sevastova, whom Stephens had beaten at the same stage the previous","psg_id":"20458645"},{"title":"2017 US Open (tennis)","text":"21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. The following players were given wildcards to the main draw based on internal selection and recent performances. The qualifying competitions took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center on 22 – 25 August 2017. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open","psg_id":"19772956"},{"title":"1996 US Open (tennis)","text":"Durie / Tom Gorman (Abandoned due to rain) 1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa","psg_id":"8180675"},{"title":"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award","text":"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \"experts\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee. Through the 2001 iteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements","psg_id":"10026227"},{"title":"1983 US Open (tennis)","text":"1983 US Open (tennis) The 1983 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 103rd edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 11, 1983. The event was marred by the death of linesman Dick Wertheim from blunt cranial trauma after an errant serve by Stefan Edberg struck his groin, causing him to fall and hit his head. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert","psg_id":"8181035"},{"title":"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award","text":"over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \"experts\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.","psg_id":"10026228"},{"title":"1989 US Open (tennis)","text":"and the final), three women's singles matches (two semifinals and the final), one men's doubles match (the final), two women's doubles matches (a semifinal and the final) and one mixed doubles match (the final). 1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5,","psg_id":"8180830"},{"title":"1984 US Open (tennis)","text":"In the process, they also began charging separate admission for each of the two sessions on the last Saturday of the fortnight. 1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg /","psg_id":"8181013"},{"title":"1980 US Open (tennis)","text":"7–6 , 7–5 Wendy Turnbull / Marty Riessen defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 7–5, 6–2 Mike Falberg defeated Eric Wilborts 6–7, 6–3, 6–3 Susan Mascarin defeated Kathrin Keil 6–3, 6–4 1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková","psg_id":"8181102"},{"title":"1980 US Open (tennis)","text":"1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 5–7, 6–1, 6–1 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated John McEnroe / Peter Fleming 7–5, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova defeated Pam Shriver / Betty Stöve","psg_id":"8181101"},{"title":"1982 US Open (tennis)","text":"1982 US Open (tennis) The 1982 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 102nd edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 12, 1982. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 6–3, 6–1 Kevin Curren / Steve Denton defeated Victor Amaya / Hank Pfister 6–2, 6–7, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Wendy Turnbull defeated Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh 6–4, 6–4 Anne Smith","psg_id":"8181041"},{"title":"1984 US Open (tennis)","text":"1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Anne Hobbs / Wendy Turnbull 6–2, 6–4 Manuela Maleeva / Tom","psg_id":"8181008"},{"title":"1985 US Open (tennis)","text":"1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 8, 1985. Ivan Lendl defeated John McEnroe 7–6, 6–3, 6–4 Hana Mandlíková defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 1–6, 7–6 Ken Flach / Robert Seguso defeated Henri Leconte / Yannick Noah 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 6–0 Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Helena Suková defeated Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver 6–7, 6–2, 6–3 Martina Navratilova","psg_id":"8180977"},{"title":"1986 US Open (tennis)","text":"1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1986. Ivan Lendl defeated Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–2 Andrés Gómez / Slobodan Živojinović defeated Joakim Nyström / Mats Wilander 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Hana Mandlíková / Wendy Turnbull 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 Raffaella Reggi","psg_id":"8180939"},{"title":"1987 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Paul Annacone 6–4, 6–7, 7–6 David Wheaton defeated Andrei Cherkasov 7–6, 6–0 Natasha Zvereva defeated Sandra Birch 6–0, 6–3 Goran Ivanišević / Diego Nargiso defeated Zeeshan Ali / Brett Steven 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Il-Soon Kim / Shi-Ting Wang 6–4, 7–5 Total prize money for the event was $3,979,294. 1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14,","psg_id":"8180915"},{"title":"1988 US Open (tennis)","text":"Jim Pugh defeated Elizabeth Smylie / Patrick McEnroe 7–5, 6–3 Nicolás Pereira defeated Nicklas Kulti 6–1, 6–2 Carrie Cunningham defeated Rachel McQuillan 7–5, 6–3 Jonathan Stark / John Yancey defeated Massimo Boscatto / Stefano Pescosolido 7–6, 7–5 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Cathy Caverzasio / Laura Lapi 6–3, 6–1 1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to","psg_id":"8180871"},{"title":"1988 US Open (tennis)","text":"1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1988. Mats Wilander defeated Ivan Lendl 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez defeated Rick Leach / Jim Pugh by Walkover Gigi Fernández / Robin White defeated Patty Fendick / Jill Hetherington 6–4, 6–1 Jana Novotná /","psg_id":"8180870"},{"title":"1989 US Open (tennis)","text":"1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5, 6–1 John McEnroe / Mark Woodforde defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 Hana Mandlíková / Martina Navratilova defeated Mary Joe Fernández / Pam Shriver 5–7, 6–4, 6–4 Robin White /","psg_id":"8180828"},{"title":"1990 US Open (tennis)","text":"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha","psg_id":"8180789"},{"title":"1991 US Open (tennis)","text":"1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991. Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 Monica Seles defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 6–1 John Fitzgerald / Anders Järryd defeated Scott Davis / David Pate 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 Pam Shriver / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Larisa Savchenko 6–4, 4–6, 7–6 Manon Bollegraf /","psg_id":"8180760"},{"title":"1992 US Open (tennis)","text":"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis","psg_id":"8180755"},{"title":"1992 US Open (tennis)","text":"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis","psg_id":"8180753"},{"title":"1993 US Open (tennis)","text":"1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 113th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993. Pete Sampras defeated Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–4, 6–3 Steffi Graf defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–3 Ken Flach / Rick Leach defeated Karel Nováček / Martin Damm 6–7, 6–4, 6–2 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková defeated Amanda Coetzer / Inés Gorrochategui 6–4, 6–2 Helena Suková / Todd","psg_id":"8180745"},{"title":"1994 US Open (tennis)","text":"1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1994. Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Steffi Graf 1–6, 7–6, 6–4 Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis defeated Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde 6–3, 7–6 Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Katerina Maleeva / Robin White 6–3, 6–3 Elna Reinach /","psg_id":"8180739"},{"title":"1995 US Open (tennis)","text":"1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1995. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–6, 0–6, 6–3 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Alex O'Brien / Sandon Stolle 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Brenda Schultz-McCarthy / Rennae Stubbs 7–5, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Matt","psg_id":"8180685"},{"title":"1987 US Open (tennis)","text":"1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14, 1987. Ivan Lendl defeated Mats Wilander 6–7, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 Martina Navratilova defeated Steffi Graf 7–6, 6–1 Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 7–6, 6–2, 4–6, 5–7, 7–6 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Kathy Jordan / Elizabeth Smylie 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 Martina Navratilova / Emilio Sánchez defeated Betsy Nagelsen","psg_id":"8180914"},{"title":"2003 US Open (tennis)","text":"2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1","psg_id":"5211505"},{"title":"2010 US Open (tennis)","text":"and in the qualifying draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: Below are the lists of the qualifiers entering the main draw. The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries or personal reasons. All prize money is in dollars ($); doubles prize money is distributed per pair. 2010 US Open (tennis) The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New","psg_id":"13823716"},{"title":"1968 US Open (tennis)","text":"1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first edition of the tournament in the Open Era of tennis and as such for the first time offered prize money, totaling $100,000. Arthur Ashe and Virginia Wade won the singles titles. Ashe","psg_id":"10856026"},{"title":"1994 US Open – Men's Singles","text":"the round in which they were eliminated. 1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below.","psg_id":"8420776"},{"title":"1974 US Open (tennis)","text":"1974 US Open (tennis) The 1974 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 26 August until 8 September. It was the 94th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1974. The girl's championships was introduced in 1974 and it was the last year the tournament was played on grass courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Ken Rosewall, 6–1, 6–0, 6–1 Billie Jean King defeated Evonne Goolagong, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated","psg_id":"8181369"},{"title":"1976 US Open (tennis)","text":"1976 US Open (tennis) The 1976 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor Har-Tru clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 30 August until 12 September. It was the 96th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1976. It was the second year in which this tournament was played on clay courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Björn Borg, 6–4, 3–6, 7–6, 6–4 Chris Evert defeated Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–0 Tom Okker / Marty Riessen defeated Paul Kronk / Cliff Letcher","psg_id":"8181165"},{"title":"1971 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Françoise Dürr, 6–3, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson defeated Betty Stöve / Robert Maud, 6–3, 7–5 1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan","psg_id":"8181430"},{"title":"1971 US Open (tennis)","text":"1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan Smith / Erik van Dillen, 6–7, 6–3, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 Rosemary Casals / Judy Tegart Dalton defeated Gail Chanfreau","psg_id":"8181429"},{"title":"1972 US Open (tennis)","text":"6–3, 1–6, 6–3 Margaret Court / Marty Riessen defeated Rosemary Casals / Ilie Năstase, 6–3, 7–5 1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson /","psg_id":"8181425"},{"title":"1972 US Open (tennis)","text":"1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson / John Newcombe, 6–4, 7–6, 6–3 Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve defeated Margaret Court / Virginia Wade,","psg_id":"8181424"},{"title":"1985 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Heinz Günthardt defeated Elizabeth Smylie / John Fitzgerald 6–3, 6–4 Tim Trigueiro defeated Joey Blake 6–2, 6–3 Laura Garrone defeated Andrea Holíková 6–2, 7–6 Joey Blake / Darren Yates defeated Patrick Flynn / David Macpherson 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 Andrea Holíková / Radka Zrubáková defeated Mariana Perez-Roldan / Patricia Tarabini 6–4, 2–6, 7–5 1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from","psg_id":"8180978"},{"title":"1986 US Open (tennis)","text":"/ Sergio Casal defeated Martina Navratilova / Peter Fleming 6–4, 6–4 Javier Sánchez defeated Franco Davín 6–2, 6–2 Elly Hakami defeated Shaun Stafford 6–2, 6–1 Tomás Carbonell / Javier Sánchez defeated Jeff Tarango / David Wheaton 6–4, 1–6, 6–1 Jana Novotná / Radka Zrubáková defeated Elena Brioukhovets / Leila Meskhi 6–4, 6–2 1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August","psg_id":"8180940"},{"title":"1991 US Open (tennis)","text":"Tom Nijssen defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Emilio Sánchez 6–2, 7–6 Leander Paes defeated Karim Alami 6–4, 6–4 Karina Habšudová defeated Anne Mall 6–1, 6–3 Karim Alami / John-Laffnie de Jager defeated Michael Joyce / Vince Spadea 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 Kristin Godridge / Nicole Pratt defeated Åsa Carlsson / Cătălina Cristea 7–6, 7–5 1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from","psg_id":"8180761"},{"title":"1994 US Open (tennis)","text":"Patrick Galbraith defeated Jana Novotná / Todd Woodbridge 6–2, 6–4 Sjeng Schalken defeated Mehdi Tahiri 6–2, 7–6 Meilen Tu defeated Martina Hingis 6–2, 6–4 Ben Ellwood / Nicolás Lapentti defeated Paul Goldstein / Scott Humphries 6–2, 6–0 Surina de Beer / Chantal Reuter defeated Nannie de Villiers / Lizzie Jelfs 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from","psg_id":"8180740"},{"title":"1995 US Open (tennis)","text":"Lucena defeated Gigi Fernández / Cyril Suk 6–4, 6–4 Nicolas Kiefer defeated Ulrich Jasper Seetzen 6–3, 6–4 Tara Snyder defeated Annabel Ellwood 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 Jong-Min Lee / Jocelyn Robichaud defeated Raemon Sluiter / Peter Wessels 7–6, 6–2 Corina Morariu / Ludmila Varmužová defeated Anna Kournikova / Aleksandra Olsza 6–3, 6–3 1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28","psg_id":"8180686"},{"title":"1996 US Open (tennis)","text":"1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 1–6, 6–1, 6–4 Lisa Raymond /","psg_id":"8180673"},{"title":"1997 US Open (tennis)","text":"defeated Mercedes Paz / Pablo Albano 3–6, 7–5, 7–6 Arnaud Di Pasquale defeated Wesley Whitehouse 6–7, 6–4, 6–1 Cara Black defeated Kildine Chevalier 6–7, 6–1, 6–3 Fernando González / Nicolás Massú defeated Jean-René Lisnard / Michaël Llodra 6–4, 6–4 Marissa Irvin / Alexandra Stevenson defeated Cara Black / Irina Selyutina 6–2, 7–6 1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August","psg_id":"8180636"},{"title":"1997 US Open (tennis)","text":"1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August 25 through September 7, 1997. Patrick Rafter defeated Greg Rusedski 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 Martina Hingis defeated Venus Williams 6–0, 6–4 Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Daniel Vacek defeated Jonas Björkman / Nicklas Kulti 7–6, 6–3 Lindsay Davenport / Jana Novotná defeated Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–4 Manon Bollegraf / Rick Leach","psg_id":"8180635"},{"title":"1998 US Open (tennis)","text":"Mirnyi defeated Lisa Raymond / Patrick Galbraith 6–2, 6–2 David Nalbandian defeated Roger Federer 6–3, 7–5 Jelena Dokić defeated Katarina Srebotnik 6–4, 6–2 K. J. Hippensteel / David Martin defeated Andy Ram / Lovro Zovko 6–7, 7–6, 6–2 Kim Clijsters / Eva Dyrberg defeated Jelena Dokić / Evie Dominikovic 7–6, 6–4 1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31","psg_id":"8180588"},{"title":"1998 US Open (tennis)","text":"1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 through September 13, 1998. Patrick Rafter defeated Mark Philippoussis, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0 Lindsay Davenport defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–5 Sandon Stolle / Cyril Suk defeated Mark Knowles / Daniel Nestor, 4–6, 7–6, 6–2 Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná defeated Lindsay Davenport / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–3 Serena Williams / Max","psg_id":"8180587"},{"title":"1999 US Open (tennis)","text":"Mahesh Bhupathi defeated Kimberly Po / Donald Johnson, 6–4, 6–4 Jarkko Nieminen defeated Kristian Pless 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Lina Krasnoroutskaya defeated Nadia Petrova 6–3, 6–2 Julien Benneteau / Nicolas Mahut defeated Tres Davis / Alberto Francis 6–4, 3–6, 6–1 Dája Bedáňová / Iroda Tulyaganova defeated Galina Fokina / Lina Krasnoroutskaya 6–3, 6–4 Withdrawals: Steffi Graf, Anna Kournikova 1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open","psg_id":"5255016"},{"title":"1999 US Open (tennis)","text":"1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 through September 12, 1999. Andre Agassi defeated Todd Martin, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 6–3, 6–2 Serena Williams defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–6 Sébastien Lareau / Alex O'Brien defeated Mahesh Bhupathi / Leander Paes, 7–6, 6–4 Serena Williams / Venus Williams defeated Chanda Rubin / Sandrine Testud, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4 Ai Sugiyama /","psg_id":"5255015"},{"title":"2014 US Open – Women's Singles","text":"This tournament was the Grand Slam debut of CiCi Bellis, who became the youngest player to win a match at the US Open since 1996 (and the youngest American to do so since 1986) when she defeated the twelfth seed Dominika Cibulková in the first round at the age of 15. All three top seeds (Williams, Simona Halep and Petra Kvitová) were in contention for the World No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Williams retained the top position after Halep and Kvitová both lost in the third round. 2014 US Open – Women's Singles Serena Williams was","psg_id":"18076660"},{"title":"2012 US Open (tennis)","text":"2012 US Open (tennis) The 2012 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United States. It was played from August 27 to September 10. As a result of adverse weather conditions on September 8, which included a full evacuation of the National Tennis Center because of an upcoming tornado, another day was added to the schedule for the fifth straight year, with the women's final postponed to the afternoon of Sunday, September 9 rather than the previous","psg_id":"15895953"},{"title":"2009 US Open (tennis)","text":"a wild card entry, returning to professional tennis after more than two years of retirement. She made it to the women's singles semi-finals, where she knocked out the defending champion Serena Williams in controversial circumstances. In the final, Clijsters defeated Caroline Wozniacki, the first Dane, man or woman, to reach a Grand Slam final in the Open Era, in straight sets: 7–5, 6–3. Clijsters thus became the first mother to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the process, she also became the first unseeded player and wildcard to win the tournament. In the men's singles","psg_id":"12846835"},{"title":"US Open (tennis)","text":"the 1968 national tournament were open to professionals. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered, and prize money totaled US$100,000. In 1970, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to use a tiebreaker to decide a set that reached a 6–6 score in games. From 1970 through 1974, the US Open used a best-of-nine-point sudden-death tiebreaker before moving to the International Tennis Federation's (ITF) best-of-twelve points system. In 1973, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women, with that year's singles champions,John Newcombe and Margaret Court, receiving","psg_id":"866816"},{"title":"2018 US Open – Women's Singles final","text":"Grand Slam women's singles final (the second Japanese able-bodied player overall after Kei Nishikori at the 2014 US Open, and fourth player overall after Nishikori, Yui Kamiji and Shingo Kunieda), and was attempting to become the first able-bodied Japanese player, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles title. Osaka's personal admiration for Williams as a primary inspiration for her tennis career was a focal point of the media's interest in her rise. Upon defeating Maria Sharapova in her successful 2018 Indian Wells campaign, Osaka quipped, \"There are three people I wanted to play, Venus, [Sharapova] and Serena. Now","psg_id":"20880290"},{"title":"2003 US Open (tennis)","text":"Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Marcos Baghdatis, 7–6, 6–3 Kirsten Flipkens defeated Michaëlla Krajicek, 6–3, 7–5 2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won","psg_id":"5211507"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique Kerber defeated Karolína Plíšková in the women's singles to become the first German player to win the tournament since Steffi Graf in 1996. 2015 women's singles champion Flavia Pennetta did not defend her title as she had retired\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"US$25,000 each. Beginning in 1975, the tournament was played on clay courts instead of grass, and floodlights allowed matches to be played at night. In 1978, the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the larger and newly constructed USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. The tournament's court surface also switched from clay to hard. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on three surfaces (grass, clay, and hard), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win US Open singles titles on two surfaces\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the first American to win a singles title since Andy Roddick in 2003. Twin brothers Bob and Mike Bryan won their second US Open title, and Liezel Huber (who became an American citizen in 2007) won the women's doubles with Zimbabwean Cara Black. The International Tennis Federation and United States Tennis Association offered audiences a number of new ways to access the Open in 2008. A YouTube channel was set up to broadcast highlights, and the official US Open website featured hourly updates of what was happening at the tournament. Multiple matches could be accessed at any one time, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10523448\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the 2007 US Open are as follows: 2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9836760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1975 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1975 US Open (tennis) The 1975 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 7 September. It was the 95th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1975. During the final three years at the Forest Hills location, 1975-1977, the US Open was played on a green-colored Har-Tru clay surface, a surface slightly harder and faster than red clay. The switch came after player complaints about the poor state and uneven\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2007 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set. It was the second Grand Slam she\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9836739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1970 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1970 US Open (tennis) The 1970 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 13 September. It was the 90th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1970. It was the first Grand Slam tournament in which the tiebreak was used to decide the set at a 6-6 score. It differed from the current tie-break scoring in that it was won by the first player to reach five points with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"following player received entry as a lucky loser: The following players received entry as lucky losers: The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or personal reasons. 2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"US$33.6 million, a record US$8.1 million increase from 2012. The champions of the 2013 US Open Series also had the opportunity to add US$2.6 million in bonus prize money, potentially bringing the total 2013 US Open purse to more than US$36 million. In 2014, the prize money was US$38.3 million. In 2015, the prize money was raised to US$42.3 million. Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the US Open through the years but presently singles players receive the following points: US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"at the end of the 2015 season. This tournament turned out to be the last one in the career of former No.1 player in the world and 2008 French Open women's singles champion Ana Ivanovic, who announced her retirement from professional tennis at the end of the year. The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's singles was first played in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year. The other three, in chronological order, are the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon. The US Open starts on the last Monday of August and continues for two weeks, with the middle weekend coinciding with the U.S.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1993 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"also seen watching the Open on TV, where the reporter can be heard crediting a match win to Natalia Baudone, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5, over Mary Pierce. Pierce won the actual match 6–0, 6–7, 7–6. Kramer becomes a 'ballman' for the tournament later in the episode and accidentally injures Monica Seles in the final. Seles did not play in the tournament that year owing to an incident in April 1993 which prevented her from playing competitive tennis until August 1995. 1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"6–3 for her first Grand Slam title. Stosur thus became the first Australian female player to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the men's singles, both Nadal and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the second consecutive year. This time, Djokovic won 6–2, 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 for his first US Open title. Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The USTA announced that the 2011 US Open purse has increased by more than one million dollars to reach a record $23.7 million.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15503955\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"(clay and hard). The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception. During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed to \\\"USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center\\\" in honor of Billie Jean King, a four-time US Open singles champion and women's tennis pioneer. From 1984 through 2015, the US Open deviated from traditional scheduling practices for tennis tournaments with a concept that came to be known as \\\"Super Saturday\\\": the men's and women's finals were played on the final Saturday and Sunday of the tournament respectively, and their respective\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866818\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Flavia Pennetta won the Women's Singles title and became the first Italian to win the US Open. The 2015 US Open was the 135th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is part of the 2015 ATP World Tour and the 2015 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category. The tournament consists of both men's and women's singles and doubles draws as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18220661\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"women's singles final, which was pushed into primetime by rain delays. Since 1978, the US Open has been played on a hard court surface called Pro DecoTurf. It is a multi-layer cushioned surface and classified by the International Tennis Federation as medium-fast. Each August before the start of the tournament, the courts are resurfaced. Since 2005, all US Open and US Open Series tennis courts have been painted a shade of blue (trademarked as \\\"U.S. Open Blue\\\") inside the lines to make it easier for players, spectators, and television viewers to see the ball. The area outside the lines is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"money (US$40,912,000) accounts for 80.9 percent of total player base compensation, while men's and women's doubles (US$6,140,840), men's and women's singles qualifying (US$3,008,000), and mixed doubles (US$505,000) account for 12.1 percent, 5.9 percent, and 1.0 percent, respectively. The prize money for the wheelchair draw amounts to a total of US$350,000. The singles winners of the men and women draws receive US$31,200 and the winner of the quad singles receives US$23,400. The United States Tennis Association in 2012 agreed to increase the US Open prize money to US$50,400,000 by 2017. As a result, the prize money for the 2013 tournament was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1978 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was played at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows after having been organized at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181135\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2000 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2000 US Open (tennis) The 2000 US Open was held between August 28 – September 10, 2000. It was the final Grand Slam event of 2000. Both Andre Agassi and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences; Agassi being upset in the second round by Arnaud Clément and Williams losing in the quarter-finals to Lindsay Davenport. Marat Safin won his first US Open title and first of two Grand Slams, defeating Pete Sampras in the final, and Venus Williams defeated Davenport to win the women's title. Marat Safin defeated Pete Sampras, 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 Venus Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5227405\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2008 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2008 US Open (tennis) The 2008 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 128th edition of the US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States, from August 25 through September 8, 2008. The men's defending champion, Roger Federer, won the US Open for a fifth consecutive time. Justine Henin, the women's defending champion, did not return to defend her title due to her retirement from tennis, for personal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10523446\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1977 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1977 US Open (tennis) The 1977 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 11 September. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Labor Day holiday. The tournament consists of five primary championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The tournament also includes events for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a non-profit organization, and the chairperson of the US Open is Katrina Adams. Revenue from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television contracts are used to develop tennis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1978 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Per Hjertquist defeated Stefan Simonsson, 7-6, 1-6, 7-6 Linda Siegel defeated Ivanna Madruga, 6–4, 6-4 1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181137\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"goes to both the men's and women's singles champions. This made the US Open the most lucrative and highest paying tennis grand slam in the world, leapfrogging Wimbledon in total prize money fund. Prize money for the US Open qualifying tournament is also up 10 percent, to $1.9 million. On top of listed above, $600,000 will contribute Champions Invitational events prize money, while $1,478,000 is estimated as players' \\\"per diem\\\". A total of men's and women's singles prize money ($36,324,000) will account for more than 78% of total player compensation, while doubles ($5,463,000) and mixed doubles ($500,000) – for 12%\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"a protected ranking: 2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12846872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open after being granted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12846834\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"courts just outside the East Gate) consisting of four \\\"show courts\\\" (Arthur Ashe Stadium, Louis Armstrong Stadium, the Grandstand, and Court 17), 13 field courts, and 5 practice courts. The main court is the 23,771-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened in 1997. A US$180 million retractable roof was added in 2016. The stadium is named after Arthur Ashe, the African-American who won the men's singles title at the inaugural US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970, and Wimbledon in 1975 and who was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1985. The next largest court is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866821\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2016 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"service game to lead, before Kerber levelled the set at 3–3. With the match at 5–4, Plíšková served to stay in the match but Kerber won it in a love game to secure her first US Open title. 2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19618790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2013 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August 26 to September 9. Andy Murray and Serena Williams were the defending champions in the singles events. Williams successfully defended her title, but Murray was defeated in the quarterfinals by Stanislas Wawrinka. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles. The 2013 US Open was the 133rd edition of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16711171\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1973 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1973 US Open (tennis) The 1973 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 9 September. It was the 93rd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1973. It was the first year the boy's championship was held. The 1973 US Open was the first Grand Slam offering equal prize money to both men and women. John Newcombe defeated Jan Kodeš, 6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 Margaret Court defeated Evonne Goolagong,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2011 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"players who withdrew from the event. Rankings are as of 22 August. Below are the lists of the wild card awardees entering in the main draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2011 US Open (tennis) The 2011 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15503959\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"four tennis majors (the French Open is split between Tennis Channel for cable coverage and NBC for over-the-air coverage, with portions previously sub-licensed to ESPN until 2016). Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The US Open total prize money for 2015 was increased by 10.5 percent to a record $42,253,400, which potentially could reach almost 45 million dollars, as the top three finishers in the Emirates Airline US Open Series may earn up an additional $2.625 million in bonus money at the US Open. Of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18220666\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8420775\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1969 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship was the first time in grand slam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181469\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1969 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Françoise Dürr / Dennis Ralston, 7–5, 6–3 1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1979 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"6–4 Betty Stöve / Wendy Turnbull defeated Billie Jean King Martina Navratilova 7–5, 6–3 Greer Stevens / Bob Hewitt defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 6–3, 7–5 Scott Davis defeated Jan Gunnarson 6–3, 6–1 Alycia Moulton defeated Mary Lou Piatek 7–6, 7–6 1979 US Open (tennis) The 1979 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 99th edition of the US Open and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1968 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Billie Jean King, 4–6, 9–7, 8–6 No mixed doubles at the 1968 US Open. Results often seen are those of the 1968 US National Championships held a month earlier in Boston. 1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10856028\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2015 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2015 US Open (tennis) The 2015 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 135th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Marin Čilić was the defending champion in the men's singles event, but lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion in the women's singles event and was also trying to complete the calendar Grand Slam, but she lost to Roberta Vinci in the semifinals.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18220660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Experimental rules featured in qualifying for the main draw as well as in the junior, wheelchair and exhibition events. Stan Wawrinka and Angelique Kerber were the previous year's men's and women's singles champions. Neither managed to defend their title as Wawrinka withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a knee injury\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19772949\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17547443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury, while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women's event. In the men's singles competition, Marin Čilić won his maiden\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17547436\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458655\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his semifinal match against Juan Martín del Potro. Stephens was defeated in the quarterfinals by Anastasija Sevastova, whom Stephens had beaten at the same stage the previous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20458645\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2017 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. The following players were given wildcards to the main draw based on internal selection and recent performances. The qualifying competitions took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center on 22 – 25 August 2017. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19772956\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Durie / Tom Gorman (Abandoned due to rain) 1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180675\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award\",\n \"text\": \"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \\\"experts\\\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee. Through the 2001 iteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10026227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1983 US Open (tennis) The 1983 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 103rd edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 11, 1983. The event was marred by the death of linesman Dick Wertheim from blunt cranial trauma after an errant serve by Stefan Edberg struck his groin, causing him to fall and hit his head. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award\",\n \"text\": \"over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \\\"experts\\\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10026228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"and the final), three women's singles matches (two semifinals and the final), one men's doubles match (the final), two women's doubles matches (a semifinal and the final) and one mixed doubles match (the final). 1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180830\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"In the process, they also began charging separate admission for each of the two sessions on the last Saturday of the fortnight. 1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1980 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"7–6 , 7–5 Wendy Turnbull / Marty Riessen defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 7–5, 6–2 Mike Falberg defeated Eric Wilborts 6–7, 6–3, 6–3 Susan Mascarin defeated Kathrin Keil 6–3, 6–4 1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181102\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1980 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 5–7, 6–1, 6–1 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated John McEnroe / Peter Fleming 7–5, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova defeated Pam Shriver / Betty Stöve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1982 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1982 US Open (tennis) The 1982 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 102nd edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 12, 1982. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 6–3, 6–1 Kevin Curren / Steve Denton defeated Victor Amaya / Hank Pfister 6–2, 6–7, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Wendy Turnbull defeated Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh 6–4, 6–4 Anne Smith\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181041\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1984 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Anne Hobbs / Wendy Turnbull 6–2, 6–4 Manuela Maleeva / Tom\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 8, 1985. Ivan Lendl defeated John McEnroe 7–6, 6–3, 6–4 Hana Mandlíková defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 1–6, 7–6 Ken Flach / Robert Seguso defeated Henri Leconte / Yannick Noah 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 6–0 Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Helena Suková defeated Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver 6–7, 6–2, 6–3 Martina Navratilova\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180977\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1986 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1986. Ivan Lendl defeated Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–2 Andrés Gómez / Slobodan Živojinović defeated Joakim Nyström / Mats Wilander 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Hana Mandlíková / Wendy Turnbull 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 Raffaella Reggi\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180939\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1987 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Paul Annacone 6–4, 6–7, 7–6 David Wheaton defeated Andrei Cherkasov 7–6, 6–0 Natasha Zvereva defeated Sandra Birch 6–0, 6–3 Goran Ivanišević / Diego Nargiso defeated Zeeshan Ali / Brett Steven 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Il-Soon Kim / Shi-Ting Wang 6–4, 7–5 Total prize money for the event was $3,979,294. 1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180915\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Pugh defeated Elizabeth Smylie / Patrick McEnroe 7–5, 6–3 Nicolás Pereira defeated Nicklas Kulti 6–1, 6–2 Carrie Cunningham defeated Rachel McQuillan 7–5, 6–3 Jonathan Stark / John Yancey defeated Massimo Boscatto / Stefano Pescosolido 7–6, 7–5 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Cathy Caverzasio / Laura Lapi 6–3, 6–1 1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1988 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1988. Mats Wilander defeated Ivan Lendl 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez defeated Rick Leach / Jim Pugh by Walkover Gigi Fernández / Robin White defeated Patty Fendick / Jill Hetherington 6–4, 6–1 Jana Novotná /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5, 6–1 John McEnroe / Mark Woodforde defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 Hana Mandlíková / Martina Navratilova defeated Mary Joe Fernández / Pam Shriver 5–7, 6–4, 6–4 Robin White /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991. Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 Monica Seles defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 6–1 John Fitzgerald / Anders Järryd defeated Scott Davis / David Pate 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 Pam Shriver / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Larisa Savchenko 6–4, 4–6, 7–6 Manon Bollegraf /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1993 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 113th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993. Pete Sampras defeated Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–4, 6–3 Steffi Graf defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–3 Ken Flach / Rick Leach defeated Karel Nováček / Martin Damm 6–7, 6–4, 6–2 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková defeated Amanda Coetzer / Inés Gorrochategui 6–4, 6–2 Helena Suková / Todd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1994. Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Steffi Graf 1–6, 7–6, 6–4 Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis defeated Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde 6–3, 7–6 Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Katerina Maleeva / Robin White 6–3, 6–3 Elna Reinach /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180739\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1995 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1995. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–6, 0–6, 6–3 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Alex O'Brien / Sandon Stolle 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Brenda Schultz-McCarthy / Rennae Stubbs 7–5, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Matt\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1987 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14, 1987. Ivan Lendl defeated Mats Wilander 6–7, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 Martina Navratilova defeated Steffi Graf 7–6, 6–1 Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 7–6, 6–2, 4–6, 5–7, 7–6 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Kathy Jordan / Elizabeth Smylie 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 Martina Navratilova / Emilio Sánchez defeated Betsy Nagelsen\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180914\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5211505\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2010 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"and in the qualifying draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: Below are the lists of the qualifiers entering the main draw. The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries or personal reasons. All prize money is in dollars ($); doubles prize money is distributed per pair. 2010 US Open (tennis) The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13823716\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1968 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first edition of the tournament in the Open Era of tennis and as such for the first time offered prize money, totaling $100,000. Arthur Ashe and Virginia Wade won the singles titles. Ashe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10856026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open – Men's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"the round in which they were eliminated. 1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8420776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1974 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1974 US Open (tennis) The 1974 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 26 August until 8 September. It was the 94th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1974. The girl's championships was introduced in 1974 and it was the last year the tournament was played on grass courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Ken Rosewall, 6–1, 6–0, 6–1 Billie Jean King defeated Evonne Goolagong, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181369\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1976 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1976 US Open (tennis) The 1976 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor Har-Tru clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 30 August until 12 September. It was the 96th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1976. It was the second year in which this tournament was played on clay courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Björn Borg, 6–4, 3–6, 7–6, 6–4 Chris Evert defeated Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–0 Tom Okker / Marty Riessen defeated Paul Kronk / Cliff Letcher\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181165\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1971 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Françoise Dürr, 6–3, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson defeated Betty Stöve / Robert Maud, 6–3, 7–5 1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1971 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan Smith / Erik van Dillen, 6–7, 6–3, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 Rosemary Casals / Judy Tegart Dalton defeated Gail Chanfreau\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181429\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1972 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"6–3, 1–6, 6–3 Margaret Court / Marty Riessen defeated Rosemary Casals / Ilie Năstase, 6–3, 7–5 1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181425\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1972 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson / John Newcombe, 6–4, 7–6, 6–3 Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve defeated Margaret Court / Virginia Wade,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8181424\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1985 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Heinz Günthardt defeated Elizabeth Smylie / John Fitzgerald 6–3, 6–4 Tim Trigueiro defeated Joey Blake 6–2, 6–3 Laura Garrone defeated Andrea Holíková 6–2, 7–6 Joey Blake / Darren Yates defeated Patrick Flynn / David Macpherson 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 Andrea Holíková / Radka Zrubáková defeated Mariana Perez-Roldan / Patricia Tarabini 6–4, 2–6, 7–5 1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1986 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"/ Sergio Casal defeated Martina Navratilova / Peter Fleming 6–4, 6–4 Javier Sánchez defeated Franco Davín 6–2, 6–2 Elly Hakami defeated Shaun Stafford 6–2, 6–1 Tomás Carbonell / Javier Sánchez defeated Jeff Tarango / David Wheaton 6–4, 1–6, 6–1 Jana Novotná / Radka Zrubáková defeated Elena Brioukhovets / Leila Meskhi 6–4, 6–2 1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180940\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Tom Nijssen defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Emilio Sánchez 6–2, 7–6 Leander Paes defeated Karim Alami 6–4, 6–4 Karina Habšudová defeated Anne Mall 6–1, 6–3 Karim Alami / John-Laffnie de Jager defeated Michael Joyce / Vince Spadea 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 Kristin Godridge / Nicole Pratt defeated Åsa Carlsson / Cătălina Cristea 7–6, 7–5 1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180761\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1994 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Patrick Galbraith defeated Jana Novotná / Todd Woodbridge 6–2, 6–4 Sjeng Schalken defeated Mehdi Tahiri 6–2, 7–6 Meilen Tu defeated Martina Hingis 6–2, 6–4 Ben Ellwood / Nicolás Lapentti defeated Paul Goldstein / Scott Humphries 6–2, 6–0 Surina de Beer / Chantal Reuter defeated Nannie de Villiers / Lizzie Jelfs 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180740\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1995 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Lucena defeated Gigi Fernández / Cyril Suk 6–4, 6–4 Nicolas Kiefer defeated Ulrich Jasper Seetzen 6–3, 6–4 Tara Snyder defeated Annabel Ellwood 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 Jong-Min Lee / Jocelyn Robichaud defeated Raemon Sluiter / Peter Wessels 7–6, 6–2 Corina Morariu / Ludmila Varmužová defeated Anna Kournikova / Aleksandra Olsza 6–3, 6–3 1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180686\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1996 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 1–6, 6–1, 6–4 Lisa Raymond /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180673\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1997 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"defeated Mercedes Paz / Pablo Albano 3–6, 7–5, 7–6 Arnaud Di Pasquale defeated Wesley Whitehouse 6–7, 6–4, 6–1 Cara Black defeated Kildine Chevalier 6–7, 6–1, 6–3 Fernando González / Nicolás Massú defeated Jean-René Lisnard / Michaël Llodra 6–4, 6–4 Marissa Irvin / Alexandra Stevenson defeated Cara Black / Irina Selyutina 6–2, 7–6 1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180636\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1997 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August 25 through September 7, 1997. Patrick Rafter defeated Greg Rusedski 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 Martina Hingis defeated Venus Williams 6–0, 6–4 Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Daniel Vacek defeated Jonas Björkman / Nicklas Kulti 7–6, 6–3 Lindsay Davenport / Jana Novotná defeated Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–4 Manon Bollegraf / Rick Leach\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180635\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Mirnyi defeated Lisa Raymond / Patrick Galbraith 6–2, 6–2 David Nalbandian defeated Roger Federer 6–3, 7–5 Jelena Dokić defeated Katarina Srebotnik 6–4, 6–2 K. J. Hippensteel / David Martin defeated Andy Ram / Lovro Zovko 6–7, 7–6, 6–2 Kim Clijsters / Eva Dyrberg defeated Jelena Dokić / Evie Dominikovic 7–6, 6–4 1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180588\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1998 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 through September 13, 1998. Patrick Rafter defeated Mark Philippoussis, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0 Lindsay Davenport defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–5 Sandon Stolle / Cyril Suk defeated Mark Knowles / Daniel Nestor, 4–6, 7–6, 6–2 Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná defeated Lindsay Davenport / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–3 Serena Williams / Max\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Mahesh Bhupathi defeated Kimberly Po / Donald Johnson, 6–4, 6–4 Jarkko Nieminen defeated Kristian Pless 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Lina Krasnoroutskaya defeated Nadia Petrova 6–3, 6–2 Julien Benneteau / Nicolas Mahut defeated Tres Davis / Alberto Francis 6–4, 3–6, 6–1 Dája Bedáňová / Iroda Tulyaganova defeated Galina Fokina / Lina Krasnoroutskaya 6–3, 6–4 Withdrawals: Steffi Graf, Anna Kournikova 1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5255016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1999 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 through September 12, 1999. Andre Agassi defeated Todd Martin, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 6–3, 6–2 Serena Williams defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–6 Sébastien Lareau / Alex O'Brien defeated Mahesh Bhupathi / Leander Paes, 7–6, 6–4 Serena Williams / Venus Williams defeated Chanda Rubin / Sandrine Testud, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4 Ai Sugiyama /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5255015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2014 US Open – Women's Singles\",\n \"text\": \"This tournament was the Grand Slam debut of CiCi Bellis, who became the youngest player to win a match at the US Open since 1996 (and the youngest American to do so since 1986) when she defeated the twelfth seed Dominika Cibulková in the first round at the age of 15. All three top seeds (Williams, Simona Halep and Petra Kvitová) were in contention for the World No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Williams retained the top position after Halep and Kvitová both lost in the third round. 2014 US Open – Women's Singles Serena Williams was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18076660\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2012 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"2012 US Open (tennis) The 2012 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United States. It was played from August 27 to September 10. As a result of adverse weather conditions on September 8, which included a full evacuation of the National Tennis Center because of an upcoming tornado, another day was added to the schedule for the fifth straight year, with the women's final postponed to the afternoon of Sunday, September 9 rather than the previous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15895953\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2009 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"a wild card entry, returning to professional tennis after more than two years of retirement. She made it to the women's singles semi-finals, where she knocked out the defending champion Serena Williams in controversial circumstances. In the final, Clijsters defeated Caroline Wozniacki, the first Dane, man or woman, to reach a Grand Slam final in the Open Era, in straight sets: 7–5, 6–3. Clijsters thus became the first mother to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the process, she also became the first unseeded player and wildcard to win the tournament. In the men's singles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12846835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"the 1968 national tournament were open to professionals. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered, and prize money totaled US$100,000. In 1970, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to use a tiebreaker to decide a set that reached a 6–6 score in games. From 1970 through 1974, the US Open used a best-of-nine-point sudden-death tiebreaker before moving to the International Tennis Federation's (ITF) best-of-twelve points system. In 1973, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women, with that year's singles champions,John Newcombe and Margaret Court, receiving\",\n \"psg_id\": \"866816\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2018 US Open – Women's Singles final\",\n \"text\": \"Grand Slam women's singles final (the second Japanese able-bodied player overall after Kei Nishikori at the 2014 US Open, and fourth player overall after Nishikori, Yui Kamiji and Shingo Kunieda), and was attempting to become the first able-bodied Japanese player, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles title. Osaka's personal admiration for Williams as a primary inspiration for her tennis career was a focal point of the media's interest in her rise. Upon defeating Maria Sharapova in her successful 2018 Indian Wells campaign, Osaka quipped, \\\"There are three people I wanted to play, Venus, [Sharapova] and Serena. Now\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20880290\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Marcos Baghdatis, 7–6, 6–3 Kirsten Flipkens defeated Michaëlla Krajicek, 6–3, 7–5 2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5211507\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["tracy austin","tracey austin"],"string":"[\n \"tracy austin\",\n \"tracey austin\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":581,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"how many 'victories' did the red baron claim in aerial dogfights?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"The Red Fighter Pilot","text":"was no longer that kind of person. The Red Fighter Pilot The Red Fighter Pilot (German: \"Der Rote Kampfflieger\") is a book written by Manfred von Richthofen, a famous German fighter pilot who is considered the top scoring ace of the First World War, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Richthofen's most common German nickname was \"Der Rote Kampfflieger,\" which roughly translates to \"The Red Battle Flyer\" or \"The Red Fighter Pilot.\" Today he is better known as the Red Baron. The book details some of Richthofen's experiences during World War I. He finished the book in 1917,","psg_id":"9592891"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Fighter Pilot\",\n \"text\": \"was no longer that kind of person. The Red Fighter Pilot The Red Fighter Pilot (German: \\\"Der Rote Kampfflieger\\\") is a book written by Manfred von Richthofen, a famous German fighter pilot who is considered the top scoring ace of the First World War, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Richthofen's most common German nickname was \\\"Der Rote Kampfflieger,\\\" which roughly translates to \\\"The Red Battle Flyer\\\" or \\\"The Red Fighter Pilot.\\\" Today he is better known as the Red Baron. The book details some of Richthofen's experiences during World War I. He finished the book in 1917,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9592891\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical re-enactments of air-to-air combat that took place in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, as well as smaller conflicts such as the Gulf War and the Six-Day War. The program consists of former fighter pilots sharing their stories of actual dogfights in which they took part, combined with computer-generated imagery (CGI) to give the viewer a better perspective of what it is like to engage in aerial combat. \"Dogfights \" originally aired on the History Channel from November 2006 to","psg_id":"9341116"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"broke down altogether in 1945. Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent.","psg_id":"12060160"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent. In some instances of combat","psg_id":"12060155"},{"title":"Dogfights: The Game","text":"Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \"Dogfights: The Game\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \"Dogfights: The Game\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \"Dogfights: The Game\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and let players duke it out. \"Dogfights: The Game\" primarily deals","psg_id":"10755216"},{"title":"Dogfights: The Game","text":"episode choice and currently there are six episodes for play. Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \"Dogfights: The Game\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \"Dogfights: The Game\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \"Dogfights: The Game\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and","psg_id":"10755218"},{"title":"The Red Baron in popular culture","text":"The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as the \"Red Baron\", was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I and one of the most famous aviators in history, as well as the subject of many books, films and other media. The following is a list of mentions of him in popular culture. There have been a number of World War I flight simulators involving Manfred von Richthofen. They include \"Hunt for the Red Baron\", written and published by Small Rockets, \"Knights of the Sky\" by Microprose, and \"Red Baron\" by Dynamix","psg_id":"9443166"},{"title":"Red Baron (1990 video game)","text":"\"Red Baron\"\". In 1996, the magazine named \"Red Baron\" as #4 on its list of the best PC games of all time, positively comparing it to Spectrum HoloByte's \"Falcon 3.0\". In 1994, \"PC Gamer US\" named \"Red Baron\" as the 17th best computer game ever. The editors wrote, \"When it comes to simulating those first days of aerial combat, \"Red Baron\" is still the top dog.\" In 1991, \"PC Format\" placed \"Red Baron\" on its list of the 50 best computer games of all time. Dynamix started up a contest on the Computer Gaming World magazine, consisting of 7 questions","psg_id":"3211203"},{"title":"Dogfights: The Game","text":"with the World War II episodes of the show, recreating battles from episodes such as \"Thunderbolt\" and \"Japanese Kamikaze\". 'Dogfights: The Game' utilizes Valve's Source Engine, similar to Kuma Games' other game produced for the History Channel: ShootOut! The Game and their own property Kuma\\War. \"Dogfights: The Game\" is a combat flight simulator that utilizes Valve's Source Engine. Episodes consist of single player \"flight school\" missions where users learn to pilot their aircraft and multiplayer maps where players gather online to play against each other. \"Dogfights: The Game\" features a variety of different aircraft at the player's disposal depending on","psg_id":"10755217"},{"title":"The Red Baron (2008 film)","text":"out, shook his hand and then took off again.) But in other respects, Von Richthofen was \"cold-blooded,\" says Castan. \"He was mainly interested in his strike rate. He did not try to conceal the fact that he was aiming to kill.\" Both Tino Mewes as Best Young Supporting Actor and Matthias Schweighöfer as Best Young Actor from \"The Red Baron\" were nominated for Undine Awards. The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World","psg_id":"8484058"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"The \"Luftwaffe\"s aerial victory confirmation procedure was based on directive 55270/41 named \"Confirmation of aerial victories, destructions and sinking of ships\" () and was issued by the \"Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe\". This directive was first issued in 1939 and was updated several times during World War II. In theory, this approval process for the confirmation of aerial victories was very stringent and required a witness. The final destruction or explosion of an enemy aircraft in the air, or bail-out of the pilot, had to be observed either on gun-camera film or by at least one other human witness. The witness could","psg_id":"12060157"},{"title":"The Red Baron in popular culture","text":"and published by Sierra Entertainment which was followed up by a less successful sequel \"Red Baron II\". A great variety of model airplanes of all scales, and flying balsa planes, portrait dolls and figurines representing the baron and his aircraft have been produced. The Red Baron name has been attached to small plush figures and teddy bears and is widely applied to products unrelated to the WWI ace. Grant Murray famously owned and drove the Red Baron until it was recycled by the Fire Service in July 2014. The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as","psg_id":"9443167"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"- The Complete Series All the episodes including Dogfights of the Future are included in a 10 DVD set, which was released on October 27, 2009. Starting with season 2, the History Channel produced, in conjunction with Kuma Reality Games, a free PC video game based on the \"Dogfights\" series. Dogfights: The Game puts players in interactive recreations of actual episodes from the TV show. As of now the game primarily concentrates on the World War II episodes of the series. This can be found on History.com Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical","psg_id":"9341122"},{"title":"Red Baron (anime)","text":"Red Baron (anime) \"Red Baron\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \"Metal Fight\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red Baron and enters the contest with dreams of becoming its champion. He must, however, face an army of other rivals from around the world including \"Kaizer\" and the Tetsumen Tô doctors, and later allies","psg_id":"7462534"},{"title":"McDonnell F3H Demon","text":"F3H-2P, was proposed, but never built. It remained the Navy's front-line fighter until 1962, when it was succeeded by the F-4 Phantom II (which was a development of a proposed \"Super Demon\", a larger and much heavier version of the F3H). Developed during the Korean War to counter the MiG-15, it did not claim any aerial victories with missiles or dogfights, although it flew over Lebanon and Quemoy in 1958. In 1962, the F3H was redesignated F-3. The F3H-2N became the F-3C, the F3H-2M became MF-3B, and the F3H-2 changed to F-3B. The last Demon-equipped squadron, VF-161 'Chargers', traded their","psg_id":"1745816"},{"title":"Red Baron (ride)","text":"Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \"Mini Jet\" is a common model of this ride. The \"Mini Jet\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the Red Baron kiddie rides are restricted to only children under 54 inches tall, such as the ones in Cedar Point Amusement Park and in","psg_id":"16289228"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"from the ground, but the process is interrupted by enemy planes. After each battle, the show usually features a short biography about the pilots and the conflicts they were involved in, and then the credits roll. Dogfights - The Complete Season One DVD set was released on April 24, 2007. Featuring all eleven episodes, it also includes the original pilot episode and a behind-the-scenes featurette called \"Dogfights: The Planes.\" The picture format is 4:3 (1.33:1) even though the series was produced in anamorphic widescreen. Dogfights - The Complete Season Two 5 DVD set was released on June 24, 2008. Dogfights","psg_id":"9341121"},{"title":"Red Baron (anime)","text":"Hagakure (episode 21)
Yonehiko Kitagawa: Samurid (episode 24)
Mayumi Tanaka: Steven Spinnberg (episode 25)
Yuu Shimaka: President of the Battle Royale Association (episode 26)
Minoru Inaba: Tom (episode 29)
Shinichiro Ohta: Jerry (episode 29) Red Baron (anime) \"Red Baron\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \"Metal Fight\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red","psg_id":"7462538"},{"title":"Red Baron (ride)","text":"adults and seniors as well, for many years (Disneyland has been around since July 17, 1955 and Walt Disney World since October 1, 1971). Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \"Mini Jet\" is a common model of this ride. The \"Mini Jet\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the","psg_id":"16289230"},{"title":"The Red Baron (2008 film)","text":"The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World War I fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen, known as the \"Red Baron\". The film stars Matthias Schweighöfer, Joseph Fiennes, Til Schweiger and Lena Headey. \"The Red Baron\" was filmed entirely in English to improve its international commercial viability. In 1916, Manfred von Richthofen is serving as a fighter pilot with the Imperial German Air Service along the Western Front. After dropping a wreath over the","psg_id":"8484047"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \"How Many Licks?\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\" and wrote it with Lil'","psg_id":"8265547"},{"title":"The Red Baron (band)","text":"Records. The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \"My First Love\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and","psg_id":"18921471"},{"title":"The Red Baron (band)","text":"The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \"My First Love\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and Ink","psg_id":"18921470"},{"title":"The Bloody Red Baron","text":"The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \"Anno Dracula\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known as the Red Baron. The story also features Edgar","psg_id":"11123229"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"novel \"The Bloody Red Baron\" (1995). The book features both the Red Baron and Snoopy, though the latter is deliberately unnamed in order to avoid copyright issues. Phil Gernhard, the joint composer of \"Snoopy\", had previously produced the original version of \"Stay\" by Maurice Williams & the Zodiacs, and later became the producer of singer-songwriter Lobo. Dick Holler's other big writing success, a notably marked contrast of styles to \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\", was the tribute song \"Abraham, Martin & John\", a 1968 hit for Dion. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" is a","psg_id":"10340819"},{"title":"Red Baron II","text":"after finding out the coupon had no expiration date he took the coupon to a Food Lion and bought himself a Red Baron pizza with the coupon. Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \"Red Baron\", released in 1990. \"Red Baron II\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one","psg_id":"4362824"},{"title":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)","text":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy and the Red Baron is an Atari 2600 game which features Peanuts character Snoopy and his aviation rival, the Red Baron. Snoopy and the Red Baron is a single player game with the player guiding Snoopy on his doghouse with four variations of difficulty to play. The objective is to shoot down Snoopy's rival, the Red Baron, controls being the stick to maneuver Snoopy and the button to fire. The game starts out with the player having four doghouses, otherwise known as lives. It takes eight hits to destroy the Red Baron,","psg_id":"16922023"},{"title":"Aerial warfare in the Winter War","text":"VVS commitment. Finnish fighters shot down 240 confirmed Soviet aircraft, against the Finnish loss of 26. A Finnish forward air base often consisted of only a frozen lake, a windsock, a telephone set and some tents. Air-raid warnings were given by Finnish women organized by the Lotta Svärd. Finnish antiaircraft gunners shot down between 314 and 444 Soviet aircraft. The following Finnish pilots became aces (achieving five confirmed victories) during the war Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from","psg_id":"13567559"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"Red Baron\" and \"Snoopy's Christmas\" – together with other tunes such as \"Snoopy for President\". In 2006 they released \"Snoopy vs Osama\". \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" was inspired by the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles Schulz, which featured a recurring storyline of Snoopy imagining himself in the role of a World War I airman fighting the Red Baron. The song was released approximately one year after the first comic strip featuring Snoopy fighting the Red Baron appeared on Sunday October 10, 1965. Schulz and United Features Syndicate sued the Royal Guardsmen for using the name Snoopy without permission or","psg_id":"10340813"},{"title":"Red Baron II","text":"to peer online play. The game features many German, British, and French combat aircraft of World War I, and features pseudo-realistic flight physics and mechanics such as weapon malfunction, flak, engine damage, and pilot injury. The editors of \"Computer Gaming World\" nominated \"Red Baron II\"s \"Full Canvas Jacket\" mod for their 2003 \"Flight Simulation of the Year\" award, which ultimately went to \"\". Some copies of the game included a coupon for 75 cents off a 12 inch Red Baron pizza. In 2014, YouTube user Clint Basinger of Lazy Game Reviews found the coupon bundled in with the game and","psg_id":"4362823"},{"title":"N104RB Red Baron","text":"N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the Starfighter by collecting and putting together myriad parts over a 13-year period. The cockpit side panels and some control column bearings of the Red Baron came from the very first production F-104A, which crashed in","psg_id":"15758858"},{"title":"Red Baron II","text":"Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \"Red Baron\", released in 1990. \"Red Baron II\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one of the only truly dynamic campaigns in a modern flight simulator and which replicated combat on the Western Front of Europe from 1916 through 1918; and peer","psg_id":"4362822"},{"title":"Red Baron (aircraft)","text":"Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \"Miss R.J.\" and \"Roto-Finish Special\", winning Unlimited Gold in 1972. In February 1974, it was purchased by Ed Browning of Red Baron Flying Service in Idaho Falls, Idaho and renamed the Red Baron. Browning hired two Lockheed engineers, Pete Law and Bruce Boland, and a team of other specialists made major modifications to the plane, including installation of a Rolls-Royce Griffon 57 engine and contra-rotating propellers from an Avro Shackleton. The larger engine required","psg_id":"15758179"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"interviews, period documentary footage, and voice-over narration proved so successful, that the History Channel requested the production of an entire TV series, which became \"Dogfights\". The original special continues to air occasionally and has been recently updated to reflect the current series logo. In each episode, true historical dogfights of a certain battle or war are played out. Pilots from the actual fights are brought in to re-tell their accounts of the battles. Along with the battle, there are occasional scenes that describe the pilot's living conditions or events that have happened outside the battle. Each battle is told by","psg_id":"9341119"},{"title":"Dogfights (TV series)","text":"and dissections of particular maneuvers are also presented. Jet and prop powered aircraft and ships from various eras from the First World War to the late 20th century are featured. The series often presents interviews of pilots and experts, so far mostly Americans or their allies such as a survivor of (as was a German survivor of \"Bismarck\"), though the first episode of the second season showed interviews with Japanese and German pilots. The series was created after the airing of a one-time special called \"Dogfights: The Greatest Air Battles\" in September 2005. That program's combination of realistic-looking CGI dogfights,","psg_id":"9341118"},{"title":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)","text":"and eight hits from the Red Baron to have the player lose a doghouse. An alternate notion is to collect \"treats\" the Red Baron drops while falling, and to avoid skulls and crossbones. Touching the skulls and crossbones or being shot down will undo the player's progress in collecting treats. If the player collects all of the treats and downs all of the Red Barons, bonus points are rewarded. A Gold Baron is earned when the player downs fifty Red Barons. In the game, the Red Baron often flies above the clouds; however, Snoopy cannot fly above the clouds in","psg_id":"16922024"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"T. C. M. Tyree wrote that the focus on beauty standards in the video continued with Nicki Minaj's video for \"Stupid Hoe\". Lil' Kim rapped the first verses of \"How Many Licks?\" during a 2010 event at Irving Plaza. During the performance, she had a wardrobe malfunction and her top almost fell down. She also performed the song in 2012 as part of her Return of the Queen Tour, as well as during a one-night show at the Gramercy Theatre the following year, wearing a red bodysuit and long black hair. In 2013, American drag queen Alaska Thunderfuck sang a","psg_id":"8265565"},{"title":"The Red Baron (2008 film)","text":"lines with Brown's assistance and visits Richthofen's grave. She apologises for not coming sooner and expresses remorse for never telling him how much she loved him. A funeral wreath has been left by Captain Brown, reading \"To Manfred von Richtofen, Friend and Enemy.\" In credits order. A shooting schedule from 10 July 2006 to 3 October 2006 took place in the Czech Republic at Prague and surrounding areas as well as locations in France and Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In Postproduction, CGI was carried out by PIXOMONDO. To improve its chances on the international market, \"The Red Baron\" was filmed by Niama","psg_id":"8484054"},{"title":"The Bloody Red Baron","text":"are described. The following list is far from complete. The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \"Anno Dracula\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known","psg_id":"11123231"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"cover version of \"How Many Licks?\", which Josh Middleton of the \"Philadelphia\" praised as \"outstanding\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Notorious K.I.M.\". How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex","psg_id":"8265566"},{"title":"How Did I Get Here?","text":"compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a","psg_id":"8362480"},{"title":"How Did I Get Here?","text":"How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve","psg_id":"8362479"},{"title":"Red Baron (ride)","text":"Kings Island Amusement Park, or the one in Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California. In quite a few other \"Red Baron\" type kiddie rides, adults and parents are allowed to ride on the rides, such as \"The Busy Bees\" and \"Amazing Flying Elephants\" at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, or at the Red Baron Ride at Funderland in Sacramento, California. Another place where adults can ride on a Red Baron type ride is at Disneyland and Walt Disney World, where Dumbo the Flying Elephant has been a perennial favorite of not only toddlers, preschoolers and young children, but teenagers,","psg_id":"16289229"},{"title":"N104RB Red Baron","text":"a lock light on the left wheel; after multiple touch-and-go tests at an Edwards Air Force Base runway, he determined that it was not safe to land. He ejected, and N104RB crashed in the desert. N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the","psg_id":"15758862"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\" to a \"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\". Some critics compared \"How Many Licks?\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". Alex Kristelis of \"Bustle\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \"Khaleej Times\" writer called \"Anaconda\" a \"blatant copy\" of \"How Many Licks?\", with Minaj's song sharing \"the lyrical blue print and theme\" of Lil' Kim's. \"Westword\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \"How Many Licks?\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \"How","psg_id":"8265556"},{"title":"Red Baron (aircraft)","text":"from the fire, yet Hinton survived with a broken back, leg, and ankle. His survival is attributed by one of the lead engineers, Pete Law, to additional braces and a roll bar installed on the cockpit. The \"Red Baron\" was destroyed in the crash. Steve Hinton's company, Fighter Rebuilders, moved the dataplate, tailnumber 413334, and registration number NL7715C to P-51D serial number 44-73053, \"Wee Willy II\". Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \"Miss R.J.\" and \"Roto-Finish Special\", winning Unlimited Gold","psg_id":"15758183"},{"title":"Red Baron (1990 video game)","text":"\"Great Warplanes Series\" that Sierra published. The press discussed the competition between \"Red Baron\" and MicroProse's \"Knights of the Sky\". In 1997, Sierra officially released the 16-color version of \"Red Baron\" as a free download on their website as a promotion. On October 22, 2013, an unsuccessful Kickstarter campaign was started to fund a re-release of \"Red Baron\". Slye later said that \"Red Baron\"s success made Dynamix become known as a developer of flight simulators. Warren Spector—producer of Origin Systems's WW1 simulation \"Wings of Glory\"—was a fan, calling it \"an astonishing accomplishment\". \"Computer Gaming World\" approved of \"Red Baron\"s accurate","psg_id":"3211200"},{"title":"Baron Sinha","text":"baron in 1989, though he did not file a formal claim to the title. He died young and without issue three years later. The fourth baron was succeeded in the barony by his uncle, a retired sales manager and the younger son of the second baron. Prior to the death of the fourth baron, however, it was thought that his uncle, the heir presumptive, had predeceased his nephew, possibly without heirs. Desiring to keep his new status a secret, the new Lord Sinha did not register his claim with the British authorities. In 1996, the fourth baron's sister notified the","psg_id":"2713001"},{"title":"Cesare Magistrini","text":"he was engaging in serious dogfights, during one of which he was seriously wounded but continued fighting. On 10 May 1917, he was awarded a Silver Medal for Military Valor for his tenacity in this engagement. Nevertheless, the wound did not prevent him from scoring his first aerial victory on 17 June, when he forced an enemy Albatros to land. On 18 July, Magistrini backed Guido Nardini on the latter's victory, but Magistrini's own victory claim for participation was denied. He would stake one more unconfirmed claim before transferring to \"91a Squadriglia\" on 1 November. On 23 November, Magistrini shared","psg_id":"13892410"},{"title":"Flying Ace Aerial Chase","text":"Flying Ace Aerial Chase Flying Ace Aerial Chase is a Suspended Family Coaster designed and built by Vekoma. The roller coaster debuted at Kings Island in 2001, and was followed by another identical installation that launched at Carowinds in 2003. Originally, both rides opened as Rugrats Runaway Reptar, themed to the Nickelodeon animated television series \"Rugrats\" and its two-part episode \"Runaway Reptar\". Following Cedar Fair's acquisition of both parks in 2006, both were eventually re-themed to the \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" comic strip series in the 1960s by \"Peanuts\" creator Charles Schulz, undergoing a name change in the process.","psg_id":"14903406"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)","text":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \"Peanuts\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the Flying Circus: Jagdgeschwader 1, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and other enemies of the war. Planned releases for the Xbox and GameCube were cancelled due to low sales and","psg_id":"9122698"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)","text":"limited resources, respectively. The PSP version received \"generally favorable reviews\", while the PlayStation 2 and PC versions received \"average\" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \"Peanuts\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the","psg_id":"9122699"},{"title":"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)","text":"the play setting. An exclamation mark appears whenever one million points are scored. \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" was released in 1983. This game play-tested better than the Atari 2600 game \"Bugs Bunny\", therefore \"Bugs Bunny\" was shelved, allowing \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" to enter the market. The game was released with a Children's Computer Workshop cartridge label, which was used on very few games for the Atari 2600. \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" was the only released game in Atari's \"Peanuts\" video game series, having a planned but unreleased game titled \"Good Luck, Charlie Brown\". Snoopy and the","psg_id":"16922025"},{"title":"How Many Birds","text":"How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \"Spicks and Specks\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \"How Many Birds\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song","psg_id":"17736986"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The","psg_id":"8265545"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,","psg_id":"19466865"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"\"How Many Fucks\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \"sexy\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \"risqué\" outfits. \"How Many Fucks\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \"Gage\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \"Daily Mail\" stated that the single would likely \"lift her from relative obscurity\" and joked that the lyrics \"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \"How Many Fucks\" is a pop rap","psg_id":"19466866"},{"title":"The Red Baron (custom car)","text":"The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed in Lincoln, Nebraska. It later","psg_id":"18030412"},{"title":"The Red Baron (custom car)","text":"inspired a Hot Wheels car. The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed","psg_id":"18030413"},{"title":"Baron Sinha","text":"British press that her uncle was still alive and resident in England. He was duly recognised as the fifth Baron Sinha, but continued to refuse his claim to the peerage. On the death of the fifth baron in 1999, he was succeeded by his elder son, the present sixth baron, who did not claim his seat in the House of Lords before most hereditary peers lost their right to sit in parliament as a result of the House of Lords Act 1999. The sixth baron continues to claim the title as of 2015. The current holder of the title, Arup","psg_id":"2713002"},{"title":"How Many Fucks","text":"Housewives of Beverly Hills\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living","psg_id":"19466870"},{"title":"How Many Words","text":"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \"American Idol\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the","psg_id":"11647283"},{"title":"How Many Words","text":"How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May","psg_id":"11647282"},{"title":"James Enstone","text":"how to list a claim, Aerial victory standards of World War I can be instructive. Please supply source(s) of information for entries. Present list is based on Shores \"et al.\" (1990), p. 150, with additional sources noted for specific instances. James Enstone Captain Albert James Enstone (29 August 1895 – 4 October 1963) was a British World War I flying ace. Various sources credit him with differing air victory scores. In one text, he is credited with 13 confirmed aerial victories and driving down 11 other German aircraft, including three Gotha bombers. Another source claims 15 confirmed aerial victories; ten","psg_id":"14202827"},{"title":"Super Robot Red Baron","text":"Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \"Robot Empire\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother Ken Kureinai. Ken is a member of SSI (Secret Science Investigation), a highly skilled team of scientists that practice ninjitsu, and uses Red Baron to aid the team in their efforts to stop the Iron Masked Party from taking over","psg_id":"11009280"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"an advertising license. (The Guardsmen, meanwhile, hedged their bets by recording an alternative version of the song, called \"Squeaky vs. the Black Knight\"; some copies of this version were issued by Laurie Records in Canada.) UFS won the suit, the penalty being that all publishing revenues from the song would go to them. Schulz did allow the group to write more Snoopy songs. The song begins with a background commentary in faux German: \"Achtung! Jetzt wir singen zusammen die Geschichte über den Schweinköpfigen Hund und den lieben Red Baron,\" which is a purposeful mistranslation of the English: \"Attention! We will","psg_id":"10340814"},{"title":"Aerial ramming","text":"sullen Sgt. Major Takuwa said to him \"The B-24 was going down. Kamiguchi did not need to ram it!\" I. Hata, Y. Izawa, and C. Shores in \"Japanese Army Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces 1939–1945\" includes the biography of Capt. Ito of the 64th Sentai which states: “He later transferred to the 3rd Chutai, and was to claim eight victories, including a B-24 over Rangoon on 26 October 1943.” According to Ichimura, Sgt. Maj. Takuwa's account was not included in this source as only aces with nine or more victories were given a biography in the book. On","psg_id":"14989016"},{"title":"Aerial warfare in the Winter War","text":"Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from 30 November 1939 to 13 March 1940. While the Soviet air forces greatly outnumbered the Finnish Air Force, the Soviet bombing campaign was largely ineffective, and Finnish pilots and antiaircraft gunners inflicted significant losses on the Soviets. The Soviet Union enjoyed air superiority throughout the war. The Soviet Air Force, supported the Red Army's invasion with about 2,500 aircraft of the Soviet Air Forces, (the most common of which was the Tupolev","psg_id":"13567550"},{"title":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)","text":"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" is a novelty song written by Phil Gernhard and Dick Holler and recorded in 1966 by the Florida-based pop group The Royal Guardsmen. The song was recorded at the Charles Fuller Productions studio in Tampa, Florida, and was released as a single on Laurie Records. Bowing at #122 on the Bubbling Under the Hot 100 on December 10, 1966, the single skyrocketed to #30 on December 17, 1966 , shot up again to #7 on December 24, 1966 , and peaked at #2 on the Hot 100 during the","psg_id":"10340811"},{"title":"How Did This Get Made?","text":"has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast \"How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories\" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and","psg_id":"18181356"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" have a \"glossier and far more commercial\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \"How Many Licks?\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \"How Many Licks?\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral","psg_id":"8265550"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \"How Many Licks?\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". \"How Many Licks?\" peaked at number 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis","psg_id":"8265546"},{"title":"How Many Birds","text":"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the","psg_id":"17736987"},{"title":"How Many Drinks?","text":"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark","psg_id":"17173777"},{"title":"How Many Drinks?","text":"How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,","psg_id":"17173776"},{"title":"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II","text":"over friendly territory a damaged aircraft may have been claimed as an aerial victory by its opponent while the aircraft was later salvaged and restored to an operational status. In this situation the loss may not appear in the records while the claim remains confirmed. Overclaiming can also occur for political or propaganda reasons. It was common for both sides to inflate figures for \"kills\" or deflate figures for losses in broadcasts and news reports. Overclaiming during World War II has been the centre of much scrutiny, partly because of the significant amount of air combat relative to other conflicts.","psg_id":"12060156"},{"title":"Red Baron Airlines","text":"Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from the University of Florida","psg_id":"11451343"},{"title":"Red Baron Airlines","text":"on September 12, 1980. Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from","psg_id":"11451345"},{"title":"Red Baron (1980 video game)","text":"\"Red Baron\" was released as part of the \"\" title for Windows, and later on the Xbox & PlayStation 2 in \"Atari Anthology\". This version included parts of the cabinet art surrounding the game screen. The game is also available on Atari Greatest Hits Volume 2 for the DS. Red Baron (1980 video game) Red Baron is an arcade game developed by Atari, Inc and released in 1980. A first-person flight simulator game, the player takes the role of a World War I ace in a biplane fighting on the side of the Allies. The game is named after the","psg_id":"6029151"},{"title":"Red Baron (1980 video game)","text":"(AVG) circuit boards and by switching the PROM's they could be interchanged (with very minor jumper additions). \"Red Baron\" and \"Battlezone\" use different auxiliary boards which are not interchangeable. \"Electronic Games\" reported that \"Red Baron\" was not successful in arcades despite \"gorgeous quadra-scan graphics and magnificent audio frills\", and expressed hope that \"this marvelous flight simulator with a combat theme will re-emerge in home format some day\". While playing \"Red Baron\" in 1982, Bill Stealey and Sid Meier decided to create what became MicroProse's first game, \"Hellcat Ace\". The company later obtained the unit they had played as a memento.","psg_id":"6029150"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \"Guitar World\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \"was","psg_id":"7319702"},{"title":"How Many More Years","text":"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in","psg_id":"17274670"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"Wolf's \"How Many More Years\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \"How Many More Times\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \"Dazed and Confused\". In a contemporary review for \"Led Zeppelin\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \"Rolling Stone\" called \"How Many More Times\" as the album's","psg_id":"7319704"},{"title":"Red Baron (1980 video game)","text":"versions of \"Battlezone\" (also released in 1980) and \"Red Baron\" share the same cabinet. In \"Battlezone\", the player looks through a window that was shaped like a tank periscope. Side-view windows were available on both sides for people not playing the game to watch the action. \"Battlezone\" utilizes a two-way mirror to superimpose the monitor display (mounted horizontally) on a tank \"interior\" background. Although \"Red Baron\" uses the same cabinet as \"Battlezone\", no mirror is used and the monitor is mounted vertically, with the player viewing the display directly. \"Battlezone\" and \"Red Baron\" both used the same \"Analog Vector Generator\"","psg_id":"6029149"},{"title":"How Many More Times","text":"\"most representative cut\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \"strained and unconvincing\". How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page","psg_id":"7319705"},{"title":"How Many More Years","text":"How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\". It was a double-sided hit with \"Moanin' at Midnight\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and","psg_id":"17274665"},{"title":"The Baron of Arizona","text":"The Baron of Arizona The Baron of Arizona is a 1950 American Western film directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Vincent Price and Ellen Drew. The film concerns a master forger's attempted use of false documents to lay claim to the territory of Arizona late in the 19th century. It is based on the case of James Reavis, whose scheme came close to success, but many of the film's details are fictionalized. The notorious attempt by swindler James Reavis to claim the entire territory of Arizona as his own before it was granted statehood in 1912 is recounted years later","psg_id":"11248458"},{"title":"How Many Licks?","text":"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \"Billboard\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \"Lil' Kim Essentials\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \"How Many Licks?\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \"Oops","psg_id":"8265554"},{"title":"Aerial photography","text":"artistic projects. An example of how aerial photography is used in the field of archaeology is the mapping project done at the site Angkor Borei in Cambodia from 1995–1996. Using aerial photography, archaeologists were able to identify archaeological features, including 112 water features (reservoirs, artificially constructed pools and natural ponds) within the walled site of Angkor Borei. In the United States, aerial photographs are used in many Phase I Environmental Site Assessments for property analysis. In the United States, except when necessary for take off and landing, full-sized manned aircraft are prohibited from flying at altitudes under 1000 feet over","psg_id":"2150414"},{"title":"How Did This Get Made?","text":"This is often referenced in \"How Did This Get Made\", often by Jason and June, annoyed at how they hadn't been invited to host this new podcast, instead being subjected to the bad films that HDTGM cover. The show is released every two weeks. During the show's off week, a \".5\" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the \"How Did This Get Made?\" stream hosted the first three episodes of Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider's \"Bitch Sesh\" podcast in December 2015. It","psg_id":"18181355"},{"title":"Dogfight","text":"which at the time was the fifth largest in the world. By the second day of the war, the Coalition achieved air superiority. Many dogfights occurred during the short conflict, often involving many planes. By the end of January, 1991, the term \"furball\" became a popular word to describe the hectic situation of many dogfights, occurring at the same time within the same relatively small airspace. By the end of the war, the U.S. claimed 39 Iraqi aircraft in air-to-air victories to the loss of only one F/A-18 and one drone. Of the 39 victories, 36 were taken by F-15","psg_id":"2615620"},{"title":"Red Baron (1990 video game)","text":"flying newer aircraft. Depending on how well the player does, they can be assigned to an aerodrome that has a famous ace and can fly missions with them, and depending on the time period and the location of the aerodrome, the player can encounter the famous enemy aces that were in the area during that time period. A multiplayer version of the game was available on The Sierra Network. Two to four pilots competed in games lasting for ten minutes or three deaths. Sierra acquired Dynamix while \"Red Baron\" was being developed, and it became the first game in Dynamix's","psg_id":"3211199"},{"title":"How Many Miles to Babylon?","text":"How Many Miles to Babylon? \"How Many Miles to Babylon\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are:
Yonehiko Kitagawa: Samurid (episode 24)
Mayumi Tanaka: Steven Spinnberg (episode 25)
Yuu Shimaka: President of the Battle Royale Association (episode 26)
Minoru Inaba: Tom (episode 29)
Shinichiro Ohta: Jerry (episode 29) Red Baron (anime) \\\"Red Baron\\\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \\\"Metal Fight\\\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7462538\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (ride)\",\n \"text\": \"adults and seniors as well, for many years (Disneyland has been around since July 17, 1955 and Walt Disney World since October 1, 1971). Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \\\"Mini Jet\\\" is a common model of this ride. The \\\"Mini Jet\\\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16289230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (2008 film)\",\n \"text\": \"The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World War I fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen, known as the \\\"Red Baron\\\". The film stars Matthias Schweighöfer, Joseph Fiennes, Til Schweiger and Lena Headey. \\\"The Red Baron\\\" was filmed entirely in English to improve its international commercial viability. In 1916, Manfred von Richthofen is serving as a fighter pilot with the Imperial German Air Service along the Western Front. After dropping a wreath over the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8484047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \\\"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\\\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and wrote it with Lil'\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (band)\",\n \"text\": \"Records. The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \\\"My First Love\\\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18921471\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (band)\",\n \"text\": \"The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \\\"My First Love\\\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and Ink\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18921470\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bloody Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \\\"Anno Dracula\\\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known as the Red Baron. The story also features Edgar\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11123229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"novel \\\"The Bloody Red Baron\\\" (1995). The book features both the Red Baron and Snoopy, though the latter is deliberately unnamed in order to avoid copyright issues. Phil Gernhard, the joint composer of \\\"Snoopy\\\", had previously produced the original version of \\\"Stay\\\" by Maurice Williams & the Zodiacs, and later became the producer of singer-songwriter Lobo. Dick Holler's other big writing success, a notably marked contrast of styles to \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\", was the tribute song \\\"Abraham, Martin & John\\\", a 1968 hit for Dion. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340819\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron II\",\n \"text\": \"after finding out the coupon had no expiration date he took the coupon to a Food Lion and bought himself a Red Baron pizza with the coupon. Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \\\"Red Baron\\\", released in 1990. \\\"Red Baron II\\\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4362824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy and the Red Baron is an Atari 2600 game which features Peanuts character Snoopy and his aviation rival, the Red Baron. Snoopy and the Red Baron is a single player game with the player guiding Snoopy on his doghouse with four variations of difficulty to play. The objective is to shoot down Snoopy's rival, the Red Baron, controls being the stick to maneuver Snoopy and the button to fire. The game starts out with the player having four doghouses, otherwise known as lives. It takes eight hits to destroy the Red Baron,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16922023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial warfare in the Winter War\",\n \"text\": \"VVS commitment. Finnish fighters shot down 240 confirmed Soviet aircraft, against the Finnish loss of 26. A Finnish forward air base often consisted of only a frozen lake, a windsock, a telephone set and some tents. Air-raid warnings were given by Finnish women organized by the Lotta Svärd. Finnish antiaircraft gunners shot down between 314 and 444 Soviet aircraft. The following Finnish pilots became aces (achieving five confirmed victories) during the war Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13567559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron\\\" and \\\"Snoopy's Christmas\\\" – together with other tunes such as \\\"Snoopy for President\\\". In 2006 they released \\\"Snoopy vs Osama\\\". \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" was inspired by the comic strip \\\"Peanuts\\\" by Charles Schulz, which featured a recurring storyline of Snoopy imagining himself in the role of a World War I airman fighting the Red Baron. The song was released approximately one year after the first comic strip featuring Snoopy fighting the Red Baron appeared on Sunday October 10, 1965. Schulz and United Features Syndicate sued the Royal Guardsmen for using the name Snoopy without permission or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340813\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron II\",\n \"text\": \"to peer online play. The game features many German, British, and French combat aircraft of World War I, and features pseudo-realistic flight physics and mechanics such as weapon malfunction, flak, engine damage, and pilot injury. The editors of \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\" nominated \\\"Red Baron II\\\"s \\\"Full Canvas Jacket\\\" mod for their 2003 \\\"Flight Simulation of the Year\\\" award, which ultimately went to \\\"\\\". Some copies of the game included a coupon for 75 cents off a 12 inch Red Baron pizza. In 2014, YouTube user Clint Basinger of Lazy Game Reviews found the coupon bundled in with the game and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4362823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"N104RB Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the Starfighter by collecting and putting together myriad parts over a 13-year period. The cockpit side panels and some control column bearings of the Red Baron came from the very first production F-104A, which crashed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron II\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \\\"Red Baron\\\", released in 1990. \\\"Red Baron II\\\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one of the only truly dynamic campaigns in a modern flight simulator and which replicated combat on the Western Front of Europe from 1916 through 1918; and peer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4362822\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (aircraft)\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \\\"Miss R.J.\\\" and \\\"Roto-Finish Special\\\", winning Unlimited Gold in 1972. In February 1974, it was purchased by Ed Browning of Red Baron Flying Service in Idaho Falls, Idaho and renamed the Red Baron. Browning hired two Lockheed engineers, Pete Law and Bruce Boland, and a team of other specialists made major modifications to the plane, including installation of a Rolls-Royce Griffon 57 engine and contra-rotating propellers from an Avro Shackleton. The larger engine required\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758179\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"interviews, period documentary footage, and voice-over narration proved so successful, that the History Channel requested the production of an entire TV series, which became \\\"Dogfights\\\". The original special continues to air occasionally and has been recently updated to reflect the current series logo. In each episode, true historical dogfights of a certain battle or war are played out. Pilots from the actual fights are brought in to re-tell their accounts of the battles. Along with the battle, there are occasional scenes that describe the pilot's living conditions or events that have happened outside the battle. Each battle is told by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9341119\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfights (TV series)\",\n \"text\": \"and dissections of particular maneuvers are also presented. Jet and prop powered aircraft and ships from various eras from the First World War to the late 20th century are featured. The series often presents interviews of pilots and experts, so far mostly Americans or their allies such as a survivor of (as was a German survivor of \\\"Bismarck\\\"), though the first episode of the second season showed interviews with Japanese and German pilots. The series was created after the airing of a one-time special called \\\"Dogfights: The Greatest Air Battles\\\" in September 2005. That program's combination of realistic-looking CGI dogfights,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9341118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"and eight hits from the Red Baron to have the player lose a doghouse. An alternate notion is to collect \\\"treats\\\" the Red Baron drops while falling, and to avoid skulls and crossbones. Touching the skulls and crossbones or being shot down will undo the player's progress in collecting treats. If the player collects all of the treats and downs all of the Red Barons, bonus points are rewarded. A Gold Baron is earned when the player downs fifty Red Barons. In the game, the Red Baron often flies above the clouds; however, Snoopy cannot fly above the clouds in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16922024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"T. C. M. Tyree wrote that the focus on beauty standards in the video continued with Nicki Minaj's video for \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\". Lil' Kim rapped the first verses of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" during a 2010 event at Irving Plaza. During the performance, she had a wardrobe malfunction and her top almost fell down. She also performed the song in 2012 as part of her Return of the Queen Tour, as well as during a one-night show at the Gramercy Theatre the following year, wearing a red bodysuit and long black hair. In 2013, American drag queen Alaska Thunderfuck sang a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (2008 film)\",\n \"text\": \"lines with Brown's assistance and visits Richthofen's grave. She apologises for not coming sooner and expresses remorse for never telling him how much she loved him. A funeral wreath has been left by Captain Brown, reading \\\"To Manfred von Richtofen, Friend and Enemy.\\\" In credits order. A shooting schedule from 10 July 2006 to 3 October 2006 took place in the Czech Republic at Prague and surrounding areas as well as locations in France and Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In Postproduction, CGI was carried out by PIXOMONDO. To improve its chances on the international market, \\\"The Red Baron\\\" was filmed by Niama\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8484054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Bloody Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"are described. The following list is far from complete. The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \\\"Anno Dracula\\\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11123231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"cover version of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", which Josh Middleton of the \\\"Philadelphia\\\" praised as \\\"outstanding\\\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\". How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did I Get Here?\",\n \"text\": \"compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \\\"EP 3\\\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \\\"\\\"Whirlpool\\\"\\\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8362480\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did I Get Here?\",\n \"text\": \"How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \\\"EP 3\\\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \\\"\\\"Whirlpool\\\"\\\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8362479\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (ride)\",\n \"text\": \"Kings Island Amusement Park, or the one in Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California. In quite a few other \\\"Red Baron\\\" type kiddie rides, adults and parents are allowed to ride on the rides, such as \\\"The Busy Bees\\\" and \\\"Amazing Flying Elephants\\\" at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, or at the Red Baron Ride at Funderland in Sacramento, California. Another place where adults can ride on a Red Baron type ride is at Disneyland and Walt Disney World, where Dumbo the Flying Elephant has been a perennial favorite of not only toddlers, preschoolers and young children, but teenagers,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16289229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"N104RB Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"a lock light on the left wheel; after multiple touch-and-go tests at an Edwards Air Force Base runway, he determined that it was not safe to land. He ejected, and N104RB crashed in the desert. N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\\\" to a \\\"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\\\". Some critics compared \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". Alex Kristelis of \\\"Bustle\\\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \\\"Khaleej Times\\\" writer called \\\"Anaconda\\\" a \\\"blatant copy\\\" of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", with Minaj's song sharing \\\"the lyrical blue print and theme\\\" of Lil' Kim's. \\\"Westword\\\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \\\"Stupid Hoe\\\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \\\"How\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (aircraft)\",\n \"text\": \"from the fire, yet Hinton survived with a broken back, leg, and ankle. His survival is attributed by one of the lead engineers, Pete Law, to additional braces and a roll bar installed on the cockpit. The \\\"Red Baron\\\" was destroyed in the crash. Steve Hinton's company, Fighter Rebuilders, moved the dataplate, tailnumber 413334, and registration number NL7715C to P-51D serial number 44-73053, \\\"Wee Willy II\\\". Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \\\"Miss R.J.\\\" and \\\"Roto-Finish Special\\\", winning Unlimited Gold\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15758183\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1990 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Great Warplanes Series\\\" that Sierra published. The press discussed the competition between \\\"Red Baron\\\" and MicroProse's \\\"Knights of the Sky\\\". In 1997, Sierra officially released the 16-color version of \\\"Red Baron\\\" as a free download on their website as a promotion. On October 22, 2013, an unsuccessful Kickstarter campaign was started to fund a re-release of \\\"Red Baron\\\". Slye later said that \\\"Red Baron\\\"s success made Dynamix become known as a developer of flight simulators. Warren Spector—producer of Origin Systems's WW1 simulation \\\"Wings of Glory\\\"—was a fan, calling it \\\"an astonishing accomplishment\\\". \\\"Computer Gaming World\\\" approved of \\\"Red Baron\\\"s accurate\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211200\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Baron Sinha\",\n \"text\": \"baron in 1989, though he did not file a formal claim to the title. He died young and without issue three years later. The fourth baron was succeeded in the barony by his uncle, a retired sales manager and the younger son of the second baron. Prior to the death of the fourth baron, however, it was thought that his uncle, the heir presumptive, had predeceased his nephew, possibly without heirs. Desiring to keep his new status a secret, the new Lord Sinha did not register his claim with the British authorities. In 1996, the fourth baron's sister notified the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2713001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cesare Magistrini\",\n \"text\": \"he was engaging in serious dogfights, during one of which he was seriously wounded but continued fighting. On 10 May 1917, he was awarded a Silver Medal for Military Valor for his tenacity in this engagement. Nevertheless, the wound did not prevent him from scoring his first aerial victory on 17 June, when he forced an enemy Albatros to land. On 18 July, Magistrini backed Guido Nardini on the latter's victory, but Magistrini's own victory claim for participation was denied. He would stake one more unconfirmed claim before transferring to \\\"91a Squadriglia\\\" on 1 November. On 23 November, Magistrini shared\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13892410\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flying Ace Aerial Chase\",\n \"text\": \"Flying Ace Aerial Chase Flying Ace Aerial Chase is a Suspended Family Coaster designed and built by Vekoma. The roller coaster debuted at Kings Island in 2001, and was followed by another identical installation that launched at Carowinds in 2003. Originally, both rides opened as Rugrats Runaway Reptar, themed to the Nickelodeon animated television series \\\"Rugrats\\\" and its two-part episode \\\"Runaway Reptar\\\". Following Cedar Fair's acquisition of both parks in 2006, both were eventually re-themed to the \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" comic strip series in the 1960s by \\\"Peanuts\\\" creator Charles Schulz, undergoing a name change in the process.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14903406\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \\\"Peanuts\\\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the Flying Circus: Jagdgeschwader 1, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and other enemies of the war. Planned releases for the Xbox and GameCube were cancelled due to low sales and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9122698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"limited resources, respectively. The PSP version received \\\"generally favorable reviews\\\", while the PlayStation 2 and PC versions received \\\"average\\\" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \\\"Peanuts\\\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9122699\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)\",\n \"text\": \"the play setting. An exclamation mark appears whenever one million points are scored. \\\"Snoopy and the Red Baron\\\" was released in 1983. This game play-tested better than the Atari 2600 game \\\"Bugs Bunny\\\", therefore \\\"Bugs Bunny\\\" was shelved, allowing \\\"Snoopy and the Red Baron\\\" to enter the market. The game was released with a Children's Computer Workshop cartridge label, which was used on very few games for the Atari 2600. \\\"Snoopy and the Red Baron\\\" was the only released game in Atari's \\\"Peanuts\\\" video game series, having a planned but unreleased game titled \\\"Good Luck, Charlie Brown\\\". Snoopy and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16922025\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \\\"Spicks and Specks\\\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \\\"How Many Birds\\\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17736986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Licks? \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \\\"How Many Licks?\\\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \\\"Knight Rider\\\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265545\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"How Many Fucks\\\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \\\"sexy\\\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \\\"risqué\\\" outfits. \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \\\"Daily Mail\\\" stated that the single would likely \\\"lift her from relative obscurity\\\" and joked that the lyrics \\\"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\\\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" is a pop rap\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (custom car)\",\n \"text\": \"The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed in Lincoln, Nebraska. It later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18030412\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Red Baron (custom car)\",\n \"text\": \"inspired a Hot Wheels car. The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18030413\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Baron Sinha\",\n \"text\": \"British press that her uncle was still alive and resident in England. He was duly recognised as the fifth Baron Sinha, but continued to refuse his claim to the peerage. On the death of the fifth baron in 1999, he was succeeded by his elder son, the present sixth baron, who did not claim his seat in the House of Lords before most hereditary peers lost their right to sit in parliament as a result of the House of Lords Act 1999. The sixth baron continues to claim the title as of 2015. The current holder of the title, Arup\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2713002\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Fucks\",\n \"text\": \"Housewives of Beverly Hills\\\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \\\"How Many Fucks\\\" (censored as \\\"How Many F**ks\\\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \\\"seductive\\\" dance moves and wore \\\"risqué\\\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \\\"Gage\\\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19466870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\",\n \"text\": \"13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \\\"American Idol\\\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11647283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Words\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Words \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \\\"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\\\". The song was expected to be followed by \\\"Know My Name\\\", and then \\\"Without You\\\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \\\"How Many Words\\\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11647282\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"James Enstone\",\n \"text\": \"how to list a claim, Aerial victory standards of World War I can be instructive. Please supply source(s) of information for entries. Present list is based on Shores \\\"et al.\\\" (1990), p. 150, with additional sources noted for specific instances. James Enstone Captain Albert James Enstone (29 August 1895 – 4 October 1963) was a British World War I flying ace. Various sources credit him with differing air victory scores. In one text, he is credited with 13 confirmed aerial victories and driving down 11 other German aircraft, including three Gotha bombers. Another source claims 15 confirmed aerial victories; ten\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14202827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Super Robot Red Baron\",\n \"text\": \"Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \\\"Robot Empire\\\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother Ken Kureinai. Ken is a member of SSI (Secret Science Investigation), a highly skilled team of scientists that practice ninjitsu, and uses Red Baron to aid the team in their efforts to stop the Iron Masked Party from taking over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11009280\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"an advertising license. (The Guardsmen, meanwhile, hedged their bets by recording an alternative version of the song, called \\\"Squeaky vs. the Black Knight\\\"; some copies of this version were issued by Laurie Records in Canada.) UFS won the suit, the penalty being that all publishing revenues from the song would go to them. Schulz did allow the group to write more Snoopy songs. The song begins with a background commentary in faux German: \\\"Achtung! Jetzt wir singen zusammen die Geschichte über den Schweinköpfigen Hund und den lieben Red Baron,\\\" which is a purposeful mistranslation of the English: \\\"Attention! We will\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340814\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial ramming\",\n \"text\": \"sullen Sgt. Major Takuwa said to him \\\"The B-24 was going down. Kamiguchi did not need to ram it!\\\" I. Hata, Y. Izawa, and C. Shores in \\\"Japanese Army Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces 1939–1945\\\" includes the biography of Capt. Ito of the 64th Sentai which states: “He later transferred to the 3rd Chutai, and was to claim eight victories, including a B-24 over Rangoon on 26 October 1943.” According to Ichimura, Sgt. Maj. Takuwa's account was not included in this source as only aces with nine or more victories were given a biography in the book. On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14989016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial warfare in the Winter War\",\n \"text\": \"Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from 30 November 1939 to 13 March 1940. While the Soviet air forces greatly outnumbered the Finnish Air Force, the Soviet bombing campaign was largely ineffective, and Finnish pilots and antiaircraft gunners inflicted significant losses on the Soviets. The Soviet Union enjoyed air superiority throughout the war. The Soviet Air Force, supported the Red Army's invasion with about 2,500 aircraft of the Soviet Air Forces, (the most common of which was the Tupolev\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13567550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \\\"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\\\" is a novelty song written by Phil Gernhard and Dick Holler and recorded in 1966 by the Florida-based pop group The Royal Guardsmen. The song was recorded at the Charles Fuller Productions studio in Tampa, Florida, and was released as a single on Laurie Records. Bowing at #122 on the Bubbling Under the Hot 100 on December 10, 1966, the single skyrocketed to #30 on December 17, 1966 , shot up again to #7 on December 24, 1966 , and peaked at #2 on the Hot 100 during the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10340811\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did This Get Made?\",\n \"text\": \"has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast \\\"How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories\\\" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18181356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \\\"The Notorious K.I.M.\\\" have a \\\"glossier and far more commercial\\\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \\\"Anaconda\\\". \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" peaked at number 75 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Birds\",\n \"text\": \"gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \\\"How Many Birds\\\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17736987\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\",\n \"text\": \"2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17173777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Drinks?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Drinks? \\\"How Many Drinks?\\\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \\\"Kaleidoscope Dream\\\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17173776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II\",\n \"text\": \"over friendly territory a damaged aircraft may have been claimed as an aerial victory by its opponent while the aircraft was later salvaged and restored to an operational status. In this situation the loss may not appear in the records while the claim remains confirmed. Overclaiming can also occur for political or propaganda reasons. It was common for both sides to inflate figures for \\\"kills\\\" or deflate figures for losses in broadcasts and news reports. Overclaiming during World War II has been the centre of much scrutiny, partly because of the significant amount of air combat relative to other conflicts.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12060156\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron Airlines\",\n \"text\": \"Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from the University of Florida\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11451343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron Airlines\",\n \"text\": \"on September 12, 1980. Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11451345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1980 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Red Baron\\\" was released as part of the \\\"\\\" title for Windows, and later on the Xbox & PlayStation 2 in \\\"Atari Anthology\\\". This version included parts of the cabinet art surrounding the game screen. The game is also available on Atari Greatest Hits Volume 2 for the DS. Red Baron (1980 video game) Red Baron is an arcade game developed by Atari, Inc and released in 1980. A first-person flight simulator game, the player takes the role of a World War I ace in a biplane fighting on the side of the Allies. The game is named after the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6029151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1980 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"(AVG) circuit boards and by switching the PROM's they could be interchanged (with very minor jumper additions). \\\"Red Baron\\\" and \\\"Battlezone\\\" use different auxiliary boards which are not interchangeable. \\\"Electronic Games\\\" reported that \\\"Red Baron\\\" was not successful in arcades despite \\\"gorgeous quadra-scan graphics and magnificent audio frills\\\", and expressed hope that \\\"this marvelous flight simulator with a combat theme will re-emerge in home format some day\\\". While playing \\\"Red Baron\\\" in 1982, Bill Stealey and Sid Meier decided to create what became MicroProse's first game, \\\"Hellcat Ace\\\". The company later obtained the unit they had played as a memento.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6029150\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \\\"Guitar World\\\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \\\"was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319702\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\",\n \"text\": \"the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17274670\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"Wolf's \\\"How Many More Years\\\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \\\"Dazed and Confused\\\". In a contemporary review for \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \\\"Rolling Stone\\\" called \\\"How Many More Times\\\" as the album's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319704\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1980 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"versions of \\\"Battlezone\\\" (also released in 1980) and \\\"Red Baron\\\" share the same cabinet. In \\\"Battlezone\\\", the player looks through a window that was shaped like a tank periscope. Side-view windows were available on both sides for people not playing the game to watch the action. \\\"Battlezone\\\" utilizes a two-way mirror to superimpose the monitor display (mounted horizontally) on a tank \\\"interior\\\" background. Although \\\"Red Baron\\\" uses the same cabinet as \\\"Battlezone\\\", no mirror is used and the monitor is mounted vertically, with the player viewing the display directly. \\\"Battlezone\\\" and \\\"Red Baron\\\" both used the same \\\"Analog Vector Generator\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6029149\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Times\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"most representative cut\\\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \\\"strained and unconvincing\\\". How Many More Times \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \\\"Led Zeppelin\\\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \\\"How Many More Times\\\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7319705\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many More Years\",\n \"text\": \"How Many More Years \\\"How Many More Years\\\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \\\"Billboard\\\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \\\"How Many More Years\\\" as \\\"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\\\". It was a double-sided hit with \\\"Moanin' at Midnight\\\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17274665\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Baron of Arizona\",\n \"text\": \"The Baron of Arizona The Baron of Arizona is a 1950 American Western film directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Vincent Price and Ellen Drew. The film concerns a master forger's attempted use of false documents to lay claim to the territory of Arizona late in the 19th century. It is based on the case of James Reavis, whose scheme came close to success, but many of the film's details are fictionalized. The notorious attempt by swindler James Reavis to claim the entire territory of Arizona as his own before it was granted statehood in 1912 is recounted years later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11248458\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Licks?\",\n \"text\": \"song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \\\"Billboard\\\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \\\"Lil' Kim Essentials\\\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \\\"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\\\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \\\"How Many Licks?\\\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \\\"Oops\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8265554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aerial photography\",\n \"text\": \"artistic projects. An example of how aerial photography is used in the field of archaeology is the mapping project done at the site Angkor Borei in Cambodia from 1995–1996. Using aerial photography, archaeologists were able to identify archaeological features, including 112 water features (reservoirs, artificially constructed pools and natural ponds) within the walled site of Angkor Borei. In the United States, aerial photographs are used in many Phase I Environmental Site Assessments for property analysis. In the United States, except when necessary for take off and landing, full-sized manned aircraft are prohibited from flying at altitudes under 1000 feet over\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2150414\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Did This Get Made?\",\n \"text\": \"This is often referenced in \\\"How Did This Get Made\\\", often by Jason and June, annoyed at how they hadn't been invited to host this new podcast, instead being subjected to the bad films that HDTGM cover. The show is released every two weeks. During the show's off week, a \\\".5\\\" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the \\\"How Did This Get Made?\\\" stream hosted the first three episodes of Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider's \\\"Bitch Sesh\\\" podcast in December 2015. It\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18181355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dogfight\",\n \"text\": \"which at the time was the fifth largest in the world. By the second day of the war, the Coalition achieved air superiority. Many dogfights occurred during the short conflict, often involving many planes. By the end of January, 1991, the term \\\"furball\\\" became a popular word to describe the hectic situation of many dogfights, occurring at the same time within the same relatively small airspace. By the end of the war, the U.S. claimed 39 Iraqi aircraft in air-to-air victories to the loss of only one F/A-18 and one drone. Of the 39 victories, 36 were taken by F-15\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2615620\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Red Baron (1990 video game)\",\n \"text\": \"flying newer aircraft. Depending on how well the player does, they can be assigned to an aerodrome that has a famous ace and can fly missions with them, and depending on the time period and the location of the aerodrome, the player can encounter the famous enemy aces that were in the area during that time period. A multiplayer version of the game was available on The Sierra Network. Two to four pilots competed in games lasting for ten minutes or three deaths. Sierra acquired Dynamix while \\\"Red Baron\\\" was being developed, and it became the first game in Dynamix's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3211199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon?\",\n \"text\": \"How Many Miles to Babylon? \\\"How Many Miles to Babylon\\\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are:
Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is","psg_id":"5369759"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms. The first president to be elected under the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130857\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"and the Tuynhuys in Cape Town. His living residences are Mahlamba Ndlopfu in Pretoria, Genadendal in Cape Town and Dr John L Dube House in Durban. President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130873\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"Rugby World Cup was a powerful boost to post-apartheid South Africa's return to the international sporting scene. Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \\\"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\\\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647328\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \\\"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\\\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from reports in South African newspapers. Being listed did not itself result in any punishment, but was regarded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"revoked in 1993, when conciliations for a democratic South Africa were well under way. In the 1960s, the Anti-Apartheid Movement worldwide began to campaign for \\\"cultural\\\" boycotts of apartheid South Africa. Artists were requested not to present or let their works be hosted in South Africa. In 1963, 45 British writers put their signatures to an affirmation approving of the boycott, and, in 1964, American actor Marlon Brando called for a similar affirmation for films. In 1965, the Writers' Guild of Great Britain called for a proscription on the sending of films to South Africa. Over sixty American artists signed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"agreed it could not seek readmission to the IOC until apartheid was abolished, negotiations to prepare the way for South Africa's reintegration into world sport proceeded in tandem with the political negotiations to end apartheid. Within South Africa, in each sport there were competing race-specific and multi-racial bodies, which would have to merge into one in order to affiliate into both a nonracial NOC and the IF for its sport. ANOCA took the lead in negotiations in 1990 and early 1991, and an Interim National Olympic Committee of South Africa (INOCSA) was formed with Sam Ramsamy as President. Ramsamy had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"1985 Formula One race, some teams in this international motorsport boycotting as part of pressure from their own governments, as part of the mounting pressure against apartheid. South Africa remained a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB) throughout the apartheid era. Halt All Racist Tours was established in New Zealand in 1969 to oppose continued tours to and from South Africa. Apartheid South Africa's last foreign tour was to New Zealand in 1981. This tour was highly controversial due to the difference of opinions. Though contacts were restricted after the Gleneagles Agreement in 1977, there were controversial tours in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647320\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic Committee (NOC) was expelled from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1970. In 1991, as part of the transition to multiracial equality, a new NOC was formed and admitted to the IOC, and the country competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. All sport in South Africa under apartheid was segregated by race, with separate clubs and governing bodies. Only white bodies were affiliated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369780\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"aid to RENAMO and having caused the crash using a new advanced electronic beacon capable of luring aircraft into crashing. This was never proven and is still a subject of great controversy. The South African Margo Commission found that the crash was an accident while a Soviet delegation issued a minority report implicating South Africa. Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \\\"apartheid\\\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762806\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"office was abolished in 1994, with the end of Apartheid and the transition to democratic majority rule. Since then, the head of state and head of government is known simply as the President of South Africa. Republicanism had long been a plank in the platform of the ruling National Party. However, it was not until 1960, 12 years after it took power, that it was able to hold a referendum on the issue. A narrow majority—52 percent— of the minority white electorate voted in favour of abolishing the monarchy and declaring South Africa a republic. The Republic of South Africa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2287063\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of the Senate of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"President of the Senate of South Africa The President of the Senate presided over the Senate of South Africa, the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa. The President was chosen from among the Senators at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office was vacant. The President acted as a \\\"referee\\\", taking charge of debates to make sure that the Senators could participate freely while keeping to the rules. The President also had managerial duties to ensure that Senate runs smoothly. Each political party in the Senate elected a chief whip to run its affairs.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11509138\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Indians, a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India. In 1952, apartheid was thrashed out again in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign. The UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa. Although racial variance in South Africa was a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was one of South Africa's in-house issues, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction. The UN only became resolute in challenging South Africa afterwards. Separate from the issue of apartheid was a major\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762746\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"Agreement being adopted by the Commonwealth in 1977. The IOC adopted a declaration against \\\"apartheid in sport\\\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. The 1934 British Empire Games, originally awarded in 1930 to Johannesburg, was moved to London after the (pre-apartheid) South Africa government refused to allow nonwhite participants. South Africa continued to participate in every Games until it left the Commonwealth in 1961. The Thatcher government's refusal to enforce the Gleneagles Agreement in the UK led Nigeria to initiate a boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, from which 32 of 59 eligible\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647314\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993 and through unilateral steps by the de Klerk government. These negotiations took place between the governing National Party, the African National Congress, and a wide variety of other political organisations. Negotiations took place against a backdrop of political violence in the country, including allegations of a state-sponsored third force destabilising the country. The negotiations resulted in South Africa's first non-racial election, which was won by the African National Congress. Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7798182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"in 1961, most non-South African sources had referred to the State President as simply the \\\"President\\\". The leader of the African National Congress, Nelson Mandela, was sworn in as President on 10 May 1994. There is one living former South African State President: State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2287069\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"end of apartheid, sports rapidly ended their boycotts and South Africa was readmitted in the International sports federations. The European Community announced its member governments' ending of the boycott in June 1991. India, which vehemently opposed South Africa's apartheid policy and was at the forefront of isolating the country internationally at all levels, ended its boycott in 1991 by inviting the South African cricket team to the country for an ODI series and subsequently allowed the Indian cricket team to tour South Africa for a Test and ODI series in late 1992. The country's hosting and winning of the 1995\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647327\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \\\"apartheid\\\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially the regime implemented an offensive foreign policy trying to consolidate South African hegemony over Southern Africa. These attempts had clearly failed by the late 1970s. As a result of its racism and foreign interventionism in Angola and the occupation of Namibia, the country became increasingly isolated internationally, with few allies except similarly isolated countries or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762743\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"would be up to South Africa to keep contact with other African states. However, after the Ogaden War Somalia soon aligned itself with South Africa. Even receiving military aid and volunteers from South Africa to fight the rebels in Somaliland in the mid 1980s. In 1966, BJ Vorster was made South African Prime Minister. He was not about to eliminate apartheid, but he did try to redress South Africa's seclusion and the purported larger mentality. He wanted to perk up the country's global reputation and overseas dealings, even those with black-ruled nations in Africa. This he called his \\\"Outward-Looking\\\" policy:\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762766\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"as they were already barred from these by their own government. Sporting seclusion commenced in the mid-1950s and increased through the 1960s. Apartheid forbade multiracial sport, which meant that overseas teams, by virtue of their having players of diverse races, could not play in South Africa. In 1956, the International Table Tennis Federation severed its ties with the all-white South African Table Tennis Union, preferring the non-racial South African Table Tennis Board in its stead. The apartheid government came back by confiscating the passports of the Board's players so that they were unable to attend international games. Other global sports\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National anthem of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"African national anthem has come under criticism for its Afrikaans verse as it originally part of the national anthem of South Africa that was used during the apartheid era, with some calling for the verse to be removed because of this connection. Others defend the inclusion of the verse, pointing out that it is included in large part due to the wishes of the first post-apartheid South African president, Nelson Mandela, who intended its inclusion as a re-conciliatory measure for the post-apartheid future of South Africa. National anthem of South Africa The current national anthem of South Africa was adopted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"418210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"as a moral pressure on athletes. Some sports bodies would discipline athletes based on the register. Athletes could have their names deleted from the register by giving a written undertaking not to return to apartheid South Africa to compete. The register is regarded as having been an effective instrument. The UN General Assembly adopted the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports on 10 December 1985. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) withdrew its invitation to South Africa to the 1964 Summer Olympics when interior minister Jan de Klerk insisted the team would not be racially integrated. In 1968, the IOC was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"been a leading anti-apartheid campaigner and advocate of sports boycotts. In June 1991, the Population Registration Act, 1950, a cornerstone of apartheid legislation, was repealed by the government of F. W. de Klerk, and in July an INOCSA delegation met with the Apartheid and Olympism Commission at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne. The IOC recognised INOCSA on 9 July 1991, such that the \\\"interim\\\" was removed from its name (NOCSA). It first competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The official flag of South Africa and national anthem \\\"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\\\" were still the apartheid-era ones, but the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369792\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"a statement against apartheid and against professional links with the state. The presentation of some South African plays in Britain and America was also vetoed. After the arrival of television in South Africa in 1975, the British Actors Union, \\\"Equity\\\", boycotted the service, and no British program concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa. Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions, but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid. These facets of social remoteness from the worldwide hamlet made apartheid a discomfiture and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762791\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Union was not affiliated to the New Zealand Olympic Committee. Of 28 African invitees, 26 boycotted the Games, joined by Iraq and Guyana. South Africa continued to compete at the (Summer) Paralympics until excluded by the Dutch government from the 1980 Games. Parasport had a racially integrated team from 1975. South Africa was expelled from the International Paralympic Committee in 1985. The IOC adopted a declaration against \\\"apartheid in sport\\\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. In 1988 the IOC formed the Apartheid and Olympism Commission, including Kevan Gosper, the SCSA, and SANROC. While SANOC\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Olympic team competed under an interim flag and Beethoven's \\\"Ode to Joy\\\". Likewise it decided not to use the Springbok emblem or green-and-gold colours of white sports teams. These decisions were unpopular with white South Africans, and as a concession the green-and-gold colours were adopted. NOCSA in 2004 merged with other bodies to form the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC). Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17369793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"the trickier for the apartheid government to uphold itself and its policies. Such sanctions were argued frequently within the UN, and many recognised and backed it as an effectual and non-violent way of applying force, but South Africa's major trading partners once more voted against mandatory sanctions. In 1962, the UN General Assembly requested that its members split political, fiscal and transportation connections with South Africa. In 1968, it suggested the deferral of all cultural, didactic and sporting commerce as well. From 1964, the US and Britain discontinued their dealings of armaments to South Africa. In spite of the many\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762758\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"trade links. Even though India became a republic within the Commonwealth in 1950 it became clear that African and Asian member states would oppose South Africa due to its apartheid policies. As a result, South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth on 31 May 1961, the day that the Republic came into existence. In 1960, the UN's conservative stance on apartheid changed. The Sharpeville massacre had jolted the global neighbourhood, with the apartheid regime showing that it would use violent behaviour to repress opposition to racial inequity. Many Western states began to see apartheid as a possible danger to global harmony,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Africa as a bastion against Marxist forces in Southern Africa. Thatcher declared the ANC a terrorist organisation, and in 1987 her spokesman, Bernard Ingham, famously said that anyone who believed that the ANC would ever form the government of South Africa was \\\"living in cloud cuckoo land\\\". By the late 1980s, however, with the tide of the Cold War turning and no sign of a political resolution in South Africa, Western patience with the apartheid government began to run out. By 1989, a bipartisan Republican/Democratic initiative in the US favoured economic sanctions (realised as the \\\"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act\\\"), the release\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762797\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa would look outwards, towards the global neighbourhood, rather than adopting a siege mentality and estranging it. The buzzwords for his strategy were \\\"dialogue\\\" and \\\"détente\\\", signifying arbitration and reduction of pressure. Following the Soweto Uprising in 1976 and its brutal suppression by the apartheid regime, the arms embargo was made mandatory by the UN Security Council on 4 November 1977 and South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally, with tough economic sanctions weighing heavily. Not all countries imposed or fully supported the sanctions, however; instead, they continued to benefit from trade with apartheid South Africa. During the 1980s, though,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762767\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"for sanctions, Britain remained unwilling to sever her ties with the apartheid administration. Possible reasons were her copious assets in the state, an unwillingness to hazard turbulence brought on by intercontinental meddling, and the fact that many British people had kith and kin living in South Africa or, indeed, were living there themselves. Along with America, Britain would persistently vote against certain sanctions against South Africa. However, there was significant and notable resistance to apartheid within the United Kingdom, such as the Anti-Apartheid Movement. \\\"\\\" is a 2012 book documenting assistance given to the ANC from activists in the UK.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"first and most successful official stopover in South Africa. Associations with Mozambique followed suit and were sustained after that country won its sovereignty in 1975. Angola was also granted South African loans. Other countries which formed relationships with South Africa were Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Mauritius, Gabon, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Ghana and the Central African Republic. These African states criticised apartheid (more than ever after South Africa's denunciation of the Lusaka Manifesto), but fiscal reliance on South Africa, together with fear of her armed potency, resulted in their forming the aforementioned ties. The \\\"Outward Looking\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762772\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"principle had a significant consequence for South Africa's relationships with Western nations. When Vorster brought forth his strategy, it appeared to them that South Africa might be loosening her grip. At the same time, the West regarded the apartheid administration as a significant friend in the Cold War. Economically, such nations as Britain and America had numerous concerns in South Africa, and, although they did not endorse apartheid, these concerns led them to a more moderate stance on the country and to vote against financial sanctions against her at UN conferences. When South Africa pulled out of the Commonwealth in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762773\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"tours in the 1980s. Participants in the latter were banned by their national federations upon returning. World Series Cricket, run outside the auspices of the ICC in 1977–79, included South African players in its \\\"Rest of the World\\\" team. In the World Cup, the Greek government banned South Africa from the 1979 competition in Athens. South Africa competed in the 1980 edition in Bogota. The prospect of their appearing in the 1981 edition, due to be staged at Waterville in Ireland, caused it to be cancelled. South Africa did not reappear until the post-apartheid era in 1992. South African golfers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647318\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"provided military support for the ANC and PAC. It was more difficult, though, for neighbouring states such as Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, because they were economically dependent on South Africa. Still, they did feed the struggle underground. Ordinary people in foreign countries did much in protest against the apartheid government, too. The British Anti-Apartheid Movement was one of these, organising boycotts against South African sports teams, South African products such as wine and fruit, and British companies that traded with or in South Africa. Other organisations were formed to prevent musicians and the like from coming into the country, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762793\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC) was set up. The Anti-Apartheid Movement persisted in its campaign for South Africa's exclusion, and the IOC acceded in barring the country from the 1964 Games in Tokyo. South Africa selected a multi-racial side for the next Games, and the IOC opted to incorporate her in the 1968 Games in Mexico. Because of protests from AAMs and African nations, however, the IOC was forced to retract the invitation, along with one for Rhodesia. Foreign complaints about South Africa's bigoted sports brought more isolation. In 1960, Verwoerd barred a Māori rugby player from touring\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762786\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Culture of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"place in Afrikaans as well. There are also a large number of other educational institutions in South Africa – some are local campuses of foreign universities, some conduct classes for students who write their exams at the distance-education University of South Africa and some offer unaccredited or non-accredited diplomas. \\\"See: List of universities in South Africa; List of post secondary institutions in South Africa; \\\" Public expenditure on education was at 6.1% of the 2016 GDP. Under apartheid, schools for blacks were subject to discrimination through inadequate funding and a separate syllabus called \\\"Bantu Education\\\" which was only designed to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2293163\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"had been powerless to effect a concurrence with Prime Minister Verwoerd. That same year, Verwoerd proclaimed South Africa's extraction from the Commonwealth as a result of its censure of his government. On 6 November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, condemning South African apartheid policies. On 7 August 1963 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 181 calling for a voluntary arms embargo against South Africa, and that very year, a Special Committee Against Apartheid was established to encourage and oversee plans of action against the regime. In 1966, the United Nations held the first (of many)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of the South African population classified as Black, 9% as White, 9% as Coloured, and 2% as Indian/Asian. Under apartheid, Whites held almost all political power in South Africa, with other races almost completely marginalised from the political process. While the end of apartheid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11614215\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"let go of the mandate, and, in 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia requested that the International Court of Justice announce that South Africa's management of South West Africa was illegitimate. They argued that South Africa was bringing apartheid to South-West Africa, too. South Africa was formally accused of maladministration, and the lawsuit, commencing in November 1960, lasted almost six years. The International Court's verdict astonished the UN: it ruled that Liberia and Ethiopia had no right to take issue with South Africa's deeds in South-West Africa. The Court did not, however, pass judgement on whether or not South Africa still had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762750\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"the next general election. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. History of South Africa The first humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. The historical record of this ethnically diverse country is generally divided into five distinct periods: the pre-colonial era, the colonial era, the post-colonial and apartheid eras, and the post-apartheid era. Much of this history, particularly of the colonial and post-colonial eras, is characterised by clashes of culture, violent territorial disputes between European settlers and indigenous\",\n \"psg_id\": \"750577\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"were all opposed to apartheid, many were economically dependent on South Africa. In 1980, they formed the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), the aim of which was to promote economic development in the region and hence reduce dependence on South Africa. Furthermore, many SADCC members also allowed the exiled ANC and PAC to establish bases in their countries. Other African countries also contributed to the fall of apartheid. In 1978, Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games because New Zealand's sporting contacts with the South African government were not considered to be in accordance with the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement. Nigeria also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762803\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"the establishment of so-called \\\"homelands\\\" or \\\"reserves\\\". It authorised the forced evictions of thousands of African people from urban centres in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) to what became described colloquially as \\\"Bantustans\\\" or the \\\"original homes\\\", as they were officially referred to, of the black tribes of South Africa. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. Apartheid apologists attempted to justify the \\\"homelands\\\" policy by citing the 1947 partition of India, when the British had done\",\n \"psg_id\": \"750544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"Palme made the keynote address to the \\\"Swedish People's Parliament Against Apartheid\\\" held in Stockholm. In addressing the hundreds of anti-apartheid sympathisers as well as leaders and officials from the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movement such as Oliver Tambo, Palme said Apartheid needed to be abolished, not reformed. Other Western countries adopted a more ambivalent position. In the 1980s, both the Reagan and Thatcher administrations in the USA and UK followed a 'constructive engagement' policy with the apartheid government, vetoing the imposition of UN economic sanctions on South Africa, as they both fiercely believed in free trade and saw South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762796\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa The First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made changes related to the oath of office of the Acting President and to the jurisdiction of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, and signed by President Mandela on 28 August 1997. However it was deemed to come into effect retroactively, from 4 February 1997, the date when the constitution itself came into force. The Act made three technical modifications to the Constitution: This last change allowed the TRC to deal with various violent events,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13888994\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"concurrences with the UN over their management of the mandates. South Africa, however, refused to play ball, declining to allow the territory to move towards independence. The NP government argued that, for a quarter of a century, South-West Africa had been directed as a piece of South Africa, and the preponderance of South-West Africans wanted to become South Africans anyway. Instead, South-West Africa was treated as a \\\"de facto\\\" \\\"fifth province\\\" of the Union. The South African government turned this mandate arrangement into a military occupation, and extended apartheid to South-West Africa. The UN attempted to compel South Africa to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762749\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"In 1995, during his official state visit to the UK, Nelson Mandela appeared on the balcony of High Commission of South Africa, London to thank supporters in the UK. The High Commission had been a constant target of protests during apartheid. South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994, albeit, as a Commonwealth republic and not a realm. At the outset of apartheid, the United States avoided serious criticism of South Africa's racial policies in part because several U.S. states, especially in the Deep South, had similar policies under the Jim Crow laws. Following the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, however, the country\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762777\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"the African continent. The same report lists the biggest obstacle to doing business as an \\\"Inadequately educated workforce\\\". Education, therefore, remains one of the poorest areas of performance in post-apartheid South Africa and one of the biggest causes of continued inequality and poverty. Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11614230\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 South African apartheid referendum\",\n \"text\": \"multi-racial elections, which resulted in a huge victory for the African National Congress and made Nelson Mandela the first black President of South Africa. 1992 South African apartheid referendum A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948. The result of the election was a large victory for the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6931306\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Disinvestment from South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Disinvestment from South Africa Disinvestment (or divestment) from South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s, in protest of South Africa's system of apartheid, but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. The disinvestment campaign, after being realized in federal legislation enacted in 1986 by the United States, is credited by some as pressuring the South African Government to embark on negotiations ultimately leading to the dismantling of the Apartheid system. In November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, a non-binding resolution establishing the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid and called for imposing\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10348199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Department of Social Development (South Africa)\",\n \"text\": \"Department of Social Development (South Africa) The Department of Social Development (DSD) of South Africa is a government department responsible for providing social development, protection, and welfare services to the public. Previously called the Department of Welfare, it was renamed in July 2000. The current Minister of Social Development is Susan Shabangu. The first Department was established in 1937, to regulate and subsidise existing private, non-governmental welfare services, while providing some additional services. The 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare noted that post-Apartheid South Africa had inherited social welfare programmes which were “not considered to be critical social investment priorities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20138823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"sufferers. The Organisation for African Unity (OAU) was created in 1963. Its primary objectives were to eradicate colonialism and improve social, political and economic situations in Africa. It censured apartheid and demanded sanctions against South Africa. African states swore to aid the freedom movements in their fights against apartheid. In April 1969, fourteen autonomous nations from Central and East Africa gathered in Lusaka, Zambia, to argue about various African matters. The assembly formulated the 'Lusaka Manifesto', which was signed on 13 April by all of the countries in attendance, except for Malawi. This manifesto was later taken on by both\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762760\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"allowed equal rights for all South Africans regardless of race, modern-day South Africa struggles to correct the social inequalities created by decades of apartheid. Despite a rising GDP, indices for poverty, unemployment, income inequality, life expectancy, land ownership, have declined due to the increase in population; with the end of the apartheid system in South Africa leaving the country socio-economically stratified by race. Subsequent government policies have sought to correct inequity with varying amounts of success. Many of the inequalities created and enforced by apartheid still remain in South Africa today. Income inequality has worsened since the end of apartheid,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11614216\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"and dominions who have adopted a parliamentary republican form of government and those that follow the Westminster system, South Africa's President is both head of state and head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Contrary to presidential systems around the world, the President of South Africa is elected by the Parliament of South Africa rather than by the people directly. He is thus answerable to it in theory and able to influence legislation in practice as head of the majority party (presently the ANC). The President is elected at the first sitting of Parliament\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others is an important case in South African law, heard in the Constitutional Court (CC) on 19 February 2008, with judgment handed down on 2 October. The judges were Langa CJ, O'Regan ADCJ, Madala J, Mokgoro J, Ngcobo J, Nkabinde J, Skweyiya J (who composed the majority judgment), Van Der Westhuizen J, Yacoob J, Jafta AJ and Kroon AJ. Counsel for the applicant was G. Budlender. There was no appearance for the first respondent, but Wim Trengrove SC (with A. Cockerell)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16560226\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"decided to let a tournament between the United States and South Africa take place in Newport Beach, California in April 1977 in spite of backlash from African nations and protesters due to the apartheid regime. When protesters ran on the court during the match, Tony Trabert, the U.S. manager, \\\"hit two protestors with a racket\\\" according to \\\"The Washington Post\\\". Hester also let another Davis Cup tournament take place at Vanderbilt University's Memorial Gymnasium in Nashville, Tennessee in March 1978 despite protests from civil rights leaders. Hester explained, \\\"We do not support or agree with the apartheid policy of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"1961, the United Kingdom led resistance to calls for punitive monetary and trade sanctions. It had many key trade links and, in particular, needed South Africa's gold. There were also strategic motives for not severing all ties with the apartheid government. As the southernmost nation in Africa, and the juncture of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, South Africa was still a vital point in sea-trade routes. In 1969, the Commandant General of the South African Defence Force (SADF) confirmed that, \\\"[i]n the entire ocean expanse from Australia to South America, South Africa is the only fixed point offering modern naval\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"powers of his or her office while within the Republic of South Africa. Should the president be outside of the country, or unable to fulfil the duties of the office, they may appoint an acting president. The presidential vacancy should be filled first by the Deputy President, then cabinet minister selected by the President, then a cabinet minister selected by the cabinet, and finally by the Speaker of the National Assembly. The President is the head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic of South Africa. The rights, responsibilities and remuneration of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of the Star of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Order of the Star of South Africa The Order of the Star of South Africa is a South African National Order that consisted of seven decorations in two military and five non-military classes. The order was discontinued on 2 December 2002. The Order of the Star of South Africa was instituted by the Republic of South Africa on 1 July 1975. The decorations of the order were awarded by the State President and, from 1994, the President of South Africa to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force for services concerning national defence and security. It replaced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9719785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"began to stand up against apartheid. In 1971, Vorster altered his policies even further by distinguishing multiracial from multinational sport. Multiracial sport, between teams with players of different races, remained outlawed; multinational sport, however, was now acceptable: international sides would not be subject to South Africa's racial stipulations. International censure of segregated sport and calls for sporting sanctions persisted. The UN would continue to hold them against South Africa until the end of apartheid. These measures did not bring an end to international sport for South African teams, but they added very much to the country's seclusion. The bans were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"colloquiums on apartheid. The General Assembly announced 21 March as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the Sharpeville bloodbath. In 1971, the UN General Assembly formally denounced the institution of homelands, and a motion was passed in 1974 to eject South Africa from the UN, but this was discarded by France, Britain and the United States of America, all of them key trade associates of South Africa. One probable type of action against South Africa was economic sanction. If UN affiliates broke fiscal and trading links with the country, it would make it all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762757\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Star of South Africa, Gold\",\n \"text\": \"the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) after the end of apartheid. The Star of South Africa, Gold, post-nominal letters SSA, was instituted by the State President on 1 July 1975, as the senior decoration of two military classes of the Order of the Star of South Africa. The Order was named after the first large diamond to be found in South Africa, the Star of South Africa, which was found on the banks of the Orange River in 1869 and which sparked the New Rush, leading to the establishment of Kimberley. The Order of the Star of South Africa\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18075379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Prime Minister of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"He was the country's leading political figure and \\\"de facto\\\" chief executive, with powers similar to those of his British counterpart. The position of Prime Minister was abolished in 1984, when the State President was given executive powers after a new constitution was adopted—effectively merging the powers of the Prime Minister with those of the State President. The last Prime Minister, P. W. Botha, became the first executive State President after the constitutional reform. In post-Apartheid South Africa, the Inkatha Freedom Party has called for a return to a Westminster-style split executive with a Prime Minister as the actual head\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2090697\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"In 1971, Israel offered $2,850 in aid to the Organisation of African Unity. The aid was rejected, but the offer caused tension between South African Jews and their government. After the 1967 Six-Day War, however, Israel largely cut off humanitarian aid to Sub-Saharan Africa and became Pretoria's strategic partner, establishing strong economic and military relations with the 1975 Israel–South Africa Agreement, which included alleged nuclear collaboration. While some countries and organisations, like the Swiss-South African Association, supported the Apartheid government, most of the international community isolated South Africa. One of the primary means for the international community to show its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762782\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"African War. The Union of South Africa, a British Dominion, was established on 31 May 1910 with the British monarch as titular head of state, represented by a viceroy, the Governor-General. Upon the declaration of the Republic of South Africa on 31 May 1961, the office of State President was created. It was originally a ceremonial post, but became an executive post in 1984 when a new constitution abolished the post of Prime Minister and transferred its powers to the State President. South Africa has an almost unique system for the election of its president. Unlike other former British colonies\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the South Africa national rugby union team\",\n \"text\": \"History of the South Africa national rugby union team The History of the South Africa national rugby union team dates back to 1891, when the British Lions first toured South Africa where they played against South African representative sides. The South Africa national rugby union team played few international matches during a period of international sanctions due to apartheid. Since the end of apartheid in 1990–91, South Africa has once again fully participated in international rugby. The most iconic moment in South Africa rugby history is when South Africa hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Nelson Mandela\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18675466\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Flag of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"were also found in the old flag of South Africa. Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994, stated in his autobiography, \\\"The Last Trek: a New Beginning\\\", that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners would have preferred). The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse\",\n \"psg_id\": \"901613\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"though both later became naturalised US citizens. Some elite South African sportspeople competed internationally for another country, after becoming eligible through naturalization, length of residency, or other criteria applicable by the relevant IF. Examples include runner Zola Budd, whose UK nationality application was fast-tracked in time for the 1984 Summer Olympics; and cricketer Kepler Wessels, who acquired Australian eligibility in the 1980s through residency, before returning to South Africa, for whom he played after the end of apartheid. The 1994 film \\\"Muriel's Wedding\\\" recounts a fictional 1980s Australian's sham marriage to a South African swimmer seeking Olympic eligibility. With the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647326\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"established by Chapter Five of the Constitution of South Africa which was formed by a Constituent Assembly upon the dissolution of apartheid as state policy. A number of manifestations of the office have existed. Aspects of these offices exist within the presidency today. The executive leadership of the British colonies of Natal and of the Cape of Good Hope were invested in their Governors, likewise was invested in the Presidents of the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Alternating sovereignty as a result of wars culminated in the Vereeniging Treaty signed in which concluded the South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2130860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa finally signed the agreement that granted the country its independence. The UN allowed the South African government back in 1994, however the South African government had to first show that they had undertaken certain measures to get rid of the racial judgement. Soon after the South African government created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was supposed to aid the transition from Apartheid to Democracy. South Africa's policies were subject to international scrutiny in 1960, when British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan criticised them during his celebrated Wind of Change speech in Cape Town. Weeks later, tensions came to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations\",\n \"text\": \"Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations Republic of the Congo – South Africa relations refers to the historical relationship between the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Republic of South Africa. The Republic of the Congo was active in opposing apartheid South Africa. In November 1981, the then People's Republic of the Congo hosted a conference entitled \\\"Apartheid and health\\\", which discussed the health implications of racial discrimination and social inequality. In December 1988, representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa signed the Brazzaville Protocol which mandated the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola, paving the way for Namibia's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13912978\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"contributor to the political reforms leading to the end of Apartheid. The analysis concluded that in many instances sanctions undermined effective reform forces, such as the changing economic and social order within South Africa. Furthermore, it was argued that forces encouraging economic growth and development resulted in a more international and liberal outlook amongst South Africans, and were far more powerful agents of reform than sanctions. While international opposition to apartheid grew, the Nordic countries in particular provided both moral and financial support for the ANC. On 21 February 1986– a week before he was murdered– Sweden's prime minister Olof\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762795\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid era. It also participates in both national and provincial traditional leaders' gatherings to garner support for legislation from non-Contralesa members. Contralesa has frequently\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16502651\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"National Interfaith Council of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"National Interfaith Council of South Africa The National Interfaith Council of South Africa (NICSA) is a co-operative interfaith religious body in South Africa formed by the merger of the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) and the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC). The National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) interfaith body was formed in post-apartheid South Africa. When President Jacob Zuma took office in 2009, Pastor Ray McCauley of Rhema Bible Church formed a new interfaith organization called the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC) which subsequently merged with the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) to form NICSA in 2011. NICSA comprises members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16913474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"State President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa was accordingly abolished. From 1961 to 1984, the post was largely ceremonial. After constitutional reforms enacted in 1983 and taking effect in 1984, the State President became an executive post, and its holder was both head of state and head of government. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2287062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"aversion to apartheid was to boycott South Africa in a variety of spheres of multinational life. Economic and military sanctions were among these, but cultural and sporting boycotts also found their way in. South Africa, in this way, was cut off from the rest of the globe. It also awakened the South African community to the opinions of other countries. Despite financial shunning causing significant harm to black South Africans, the ANC proclaimed it as an essential means of achieving liberty. Cultural and sporting boycotts, on the other hand, did not have a negative effect on the lives of blacks,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762783\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Party, which both introduced and ended apartheid through its predecessor the National Party, disbanded in 2005 to merge with the ANC. Jacob Zuma served as President of South Africa since May 9, 2009 until his resignation in February 2018. Zuma was replaced by Cyril Ramaphosa. The country's next general election will be held in 2019. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated South Africa as \\\"flawed democracy\\\" in 2016. South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, wherein the President of South Africa, elected by parliament, is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"363401\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration and Conditions of Employment Act, 1989, was brought by Kathy Satchwell, an openly lesbian judge of the Transvaal Provincial Division (now known as the Gauteng Division) of the High Court. The court ruled unanimously that the law\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15803140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"flashpoints throughout Southern Africa. This developed into a conventional war between South Africa and UNITA on one side against the Angolan government, the Cubans, the Soviets and SWAPO on the other side. By 1980, as international opinion turned decisively against the apartheid regime, the government and much of the white population increasingly looked upon the country as a bastion besieged by communism and radical black nationalists. Considerable effort was put into circumventing sanctions, and the government even went so far as to develop nuclear weapons, allegedly with the help of Israel. South Africa is the only country to date to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762799\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Workers Party of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Workers Party of South Africa The Workers Party of South Africa (WPSA) was the first Trotskyist organisation in South Africa to have a national base. It published a regular newspaper, \\\"Spark\\\". The party was founded in 1935 by the majority of the Cape Town-based Lenin Club and the Johannesburg-based Bolshevik-Leninist League of South Africa. Founding members included Isaac Bangani Tabata, Dora Taylor, Ralph Lee and Isaac Blank (later known as Ted Grant). Its first initiative was to intervene in the All African Convention, called to oppose the Hertzog Bills, which aimed to complete the implementation of apartheid in the nation.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9165001\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"led the 32-nation boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher's ambivalent attitude towards sporting links with South Africa, significantly affecting the quality and profitability of the Games and thus thrusting apartheid into the international spotlight. South Africa had a policy to attack terrorist bases in neighbouring countries. These attacks were mainly aimed at ANC, PAC and SWAPO guerrilla-bases and safe houses in retaliation for acts of terror – like bomb explosions, massacres and guerrilla actions (like sabotage) by ANC, PAC and Swapo guerrillas in South Africa and Namibia. The country also aided organisations in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762804\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"the number of countries opposing South Africa increased, and the economy came under tremendous strain. Vorster's attitude towards other African countries was not so much a modification of strategy as a continuance of Verwoerd's approach. Vorster's forerunner had already become aware of the fact that cordial dealings with as many black states as possible was of paramount importance. As more and more African states acquired statehood from their colonial rulers, bitterness towards the South African apartheid system increased. If South Africa did not wish to become completely cut off from the rest of the African continent, she had to sustain\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762768\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Conditions of Employment Act, 2001) had been passed and, due to a drafting error, still included the former discriminatory language. The Constitutional Court granted an order applying the reasoning of its earlier ruling to the new act. Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15803142\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is constitutionally required to \\\"assist the President in the execution of the functions of government\\\", and may be assigned any government portfolio by presidential proclamation. The Deputy President performs the duties of the President of South Africa when the President is outside the country's borders, unable to fulfill the duties of the office, or when the Presidency is vacant. Under the interim constitution (valid from 1994\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5369756\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"British rule), and became an official law of segregation when South Africa became a republic (it was an extension of segregationist legislation enacted in 1960). On 27 April 1994, after decades of armed struggle and international opposition to apartheid, during which military and political support was provided primarily by the Soviet Union to the non-racial African National Congress (ANC), the ANC achieved victory in the country's first democratic election in which all races could vote. Since then, the African National Congress has dominated the politics of South Africa, in an uneasy alliance with the South African Communist Party and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"750450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era\",\n \"text\": \"1980 by the British Lions and by France, in 1981 by Ireland, and in 1984 by England. In 1986, though a Lions tour was cancelled, South Africans played in all-star matches in Cardiff and in London marking the IRB centenary. South Africa was excluded from the first two Rugby World Cups, in 1987 and 1991. South Africa was suspended from FIFA in 1963. Stanley Rous, FIFA's President, went to negotiate its reinstatement. The South African FA proposed entering an all-white team in the 1966 World Cup and an all-black team in the 1970 World Cup. This proposal was rejected. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12647321\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Academic boycott of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"symbolic gesture of support\\\" for anti-apartheid efforts rather than a direct influencer of the situation. Additionally, the academic boycott was perceived by the targets of the boycott, South Africa scholars, as unjust and discriminatory. The African National Congress first called for an academic boycott to protest South African apartheid in 1958 in Ghana. The call was repeated the following year in London. In 1965, 496 university professors and lecturers from 34 British universities signed the following declaration in protest against apartheid and violations of academic freedom. They referred to the bans against Jack Simons and Eddie Roux, two well-known progressive\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8210820\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"South Africa at the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in 1990, the nation re-joined the Olympic movement. The South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee was created in 1991, and South Africa returned to the Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics (and the 1992 Summer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9410030\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"were most trying for sports and culture fans. These boycotts effectively egged on little changes to apartheid policy, and corroded white South Africans' dedication to it. Numerous conferences were held and the United Nations passed resolutions condemning South Africa, including the World Conference Against Racism in 1978 and 1983. A significant divestment movement started, pressuring investors to refuse to invest in South African companies or companies that did business with South Africa. South African sports teams were barred from participation in international events, and South African culture and tourism were boycotted. Countries such as Zambia, Tanzania and the Soviet Union\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762792\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"countries facing allegations of human rights and foreign intervention, such as Israel, Taiwan, Indonesia, Morocco, and Chile, until apartheid was ended and racial equality introduced in the early 1990s. In the after-effects of World War II, the Western world quickly switched from ideas of racial dominance and policies based on racial prejudice. Racially discriminative and segregationist principles were not novelties in South Africa. From unification in 1910, the state had been run by the white minority and pursued segregation. Apartheid was a certified, lawful and inflexible type of separation that was methodically entrenched from 1948 through a battery of legislation.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America\",\n \"text\": \"South Africans from visiting Argentina in protest at the South African government's apartheid policies and the internationals were re-arranged for Uruguay and Chile. The South American side was composed entirely of Argentine players. South Africa's touring party included Errol Tobias, the first non-white player to represent the Springboks. 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America The 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America was a series of six matches played by the South Africa national rugby union team (the Springboks) in Paraguay, Uruguay and Chile in October 1980. The South Africa team won all six of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17096649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"Politics of South Africa The Republic of South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The President of South Africa serves both as head of state and as head of government. The President is elected by the National Assembly (the lower house of the South African Parliament) and must retain the confidence of the Assembly in order to remain in office. South Africans also elect provincial legislatures which govern each of the country's nine provinces. Since the end of apartheid in 1994 the African National Congress (ANC) has dominated South Africa's politics. The ANC is the ruling party in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"363399\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"as the policy caused much intercontinental abrasion over human-rights violation. In April 1960, the Security Council of the UN settled for the first time on concerted action against the apartheid regime, demanding that the NP bring an end to racial separation and discrimination; but, instead, the South African administration merely employed further suppressive instruments. The ANC and PAC were forbidden from continued existence, and political assemblies were prohibited. From then on, the UN placed the South African issue high on its list of priorities. In 1961, UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld stopped over in South Africa and subsequently stated that he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12762755\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"South Africa at the Olympics\",\n \"text\": \"Paralympics). South Africa also participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 1960, and since 1994. South African athletes have won a total of 86 medals, with athletics, boxing, and swimming as the top medal-producing sports. South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9410031\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 in South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"traveled to England to thank the people for their support in the campaign to free him. South Africa withdrew its troops from Namibia, which was granted independence. 1990 also saw marches in support and against the formation of a new post-Apartheid South Africa. 1990 in South Africa 1990 in South Africa saw the official start of the process of ending Apartheid. President of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk announced plans to end apartheid. President De Klerk unbanned organisations that were banned by the government including the African National Congress, the South African Communist Party and the Pan Africanist Congress. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4667698\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"made comments pursuant to Contralesa's attempt. Contralesa and Holomisa's comments were criticized by the Democratic Alliance and constitutional law scholar Pierre de Vos. Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16502653\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Freedom Day (South Africa)\",\n \"text\": \"Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever. It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4962614\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Freedom Day (South Africa)\",\n \"text\": \"beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future. Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4962616\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Music in the movement against apartheid\",\n \"text\": \"examples of music in the movement against apartheid. Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19994302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Constitution of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"were replaced by an executive State President. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 or Interim Constitution was introduced at the end of apartheid to govern the period of transition. It introduced universal adult suffrage, constitutional supremacy and a bill of rights. Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2558828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy President of South Africa\",\n \"text\": \"excluding the President' by the National Assembly, or a newly elected President's assumption of office. Presumably, a statement of resignation would also be sufficient to end a Deputy President's term of office. Depending on the extent of any informal roles and functions of the Deputy President depend on the specific relationship between the president and deputy president, but often the roles include tasks like:
Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5369759\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["long walk to freedom","long walk to freedom","long walk to freedom (book)"],"string":"[\n \"long walk to freedom\",\n \"long walk to freedom\",\n \"long walk to freedom (book)\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":594,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"general boris gromov was the last soviet soldier to leave where in 1989?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Boris Gromov","text":"Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, as well as the General Staff Academy. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. Gromov was the last Soviet soldier","psg_id":"6615514"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, as well as the General Staff Academy. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. Gromov was the last Soviet soldier\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6615514\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Boris Gromov","text":"Russian Federation. In 1994 Gromov retired from the Russian Armed Forces, and was soon appointed deputy Interior Minister. He was elected in 1995 to the State Duma, lower house of the Russian parliament. In January 2000 he was elected governor of the Moscow region and re-elected in December 2003. Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military","psg_id":"6615516"},{"title":"Feliks Gromov","text":"cruisers \"Senyavin\" and the \"Dmitry Pozharsky\". In 1977 Gromov became commander of a squadron of surface ships in the Baltic Fleet and was transferred to the Soviet Northern Fleet in 1982. In 1984 he became deputy commander of the Soviet Northern Fleet and was promoted to its commander in 1988. In 1992 Gromov was given command of the Russian Navy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet by Boris Yeltsin in 1996 and retired in 1997 at age 60, the mandated retirement age for Admirals and Fleet Admirals. The Jamestown Foundation speculated","psg_id":"7408770"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"mother, who worked as a medical doctor in the Soviet Army, had to leave the front line in order to give birth to him. When Gromov was nine years old, his mother gave him the book \"The Enjoyment of Mathematics\" by Hans Rademacher and Otto Toeplitz, a book that piqued his curiosity and had a great influence on him. Gromov studied mathematics at Leningrad State University where he obtained a master's degree in 1965, a Doctorate in 1969 and defended his Postdoctoral Thesis in 1973. His thesis advisor was Vladimir Rokhlin. Gromov married in 1967. In 1970, invited to give","psg_id":"3370077"},{"title":"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign","text":"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign The 1991 presidential campaign of Boris Yeltsin, was the successful campaign by then-Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia in Russia's first presidential election. Yeltsin ran as an independent candidate. His running mate was People's Deputy and former soldier Alexander Rutskoy. Receiving more than 50% of the vote in the first round of the election, the Yeltsin-Rutskoy ticket won the election with an overwhelming margin over their closest competitors, the Ryzhkov-Gromov ticket. Thus Boris Yeltsin and Alexander Rutskoy were elected 1st President of Russia and 1st Vice President of Russia respectively. On March 17, 1991,","psg_id":"20776617"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov has won several prizes, including the Abel Prize in 2009 \"for his revolutionary contributions to geometry\". Mikhail Gromov was born on 23 December 1943 in Boksitogorsk, Soviet Union. His father Leonid Gromov and his Jewish mother Lea Rabinovitz were pathologists. Gromov was born during World War II, and his","psg_id":"3370076"},{"title":"Mikhail Gromov (military)","text":"institute in 1991 to celebrate 50th anniversary of the institute. In late 1940th initiated the establishment of the Fedotov Test Pilot School. The Gromov Medal was established in March 2011 by the Gromov Flight Research Institute as a highest corporate award in memory of the founder of the institute. Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started","psg_id":"4231858"},{"title":"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit","text":"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, proclaimed that the summit was the beginning of normalized state-to-state relations. The meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and then General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC),","psg_id":"20669023"},{"title":"Alexey Gromov","text":"sons, Alexey and Danila. Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he","psg_id":"14460536"},{"title":"Alexey Gromov","text":"Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he has worked directly for","psg_id":"14460534"},{"title":"I, a Russian soldier","text":"Russian soldier Jew finally said on German. German general ordered his soldiers to salute the last Soviet defender of the fortress. I, a Russian soldier I, a Russian soldier (, translit. Ya — Russkiy soldat) is Russian film about the famous episode of the Eastern Front — the Defense of Brest Fortress, based on the novel by Boris Vasilyev \"His Name is Not in the List\". The film begins on June 21, 1941, one day before the German invasion. Lieutenant Nikolay Pluzhnikov, a former cadet in the border guards school, is posted at the border in Brest. Nikolay and his","psg_id":"19220652"},{"title":"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit","text":"though Gorbachev did not say it directly during the Summit or afterward, he sympathized with the protestors as they were pushing for the political changes that Gorbachev had implemented in the Soviet Union. 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the","psg_id":"20669033"},{"title":"Mikhail Gromov (military)","text":"Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started working as a test pilot testing the aeroplanes designed by Andrei Tupolev and Nikolai Polikarpov. Later became chief-pilot of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. On 25 April 1927 made the first Soviet parachute jump out of a Polikarpov I-1 under testing that had entered an unrecoverable spin. In June-September 1925","psg_id":"4231856"},{"title":"Soviet Census (1989)","text":"Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \"1989 All-Union Census\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1 April 1990 census), although it was well behind China and India. In 1989, about half of the Soviet Union's total population lived in the Russian SFSR, and approximately one-sixth (18%) of them in Ukraine. Almost two-thirds","psg_id":"10007131"},{"title":"Boris Snetkov","text":"Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II as a self-propelled artillery officer and during the Cold War rose to command positions. He commanded the 1st Guards Tank Army and served as first deputy commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany during the 1970s. Snetkov led the Siberian Military District and the Leningrad Military District in the 1980s and in 1987 became commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG), which in 1989 became the","psg_id":"20130817"},{"title":"Boris Kosarev","text":"1989. Boris’s son, Aleksander Kosarev (1944–2013), took over Boris’s creative route and became Russian film director, Honored Art Worker of Russia, screenwriter and actor, poet. Photo works \"Snowing\", \"Before the Storm\" and \"The first space flight\" were internationally awarded with medals and prizes Solo exhibitions: Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was","psg_id":"18926654"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Union legislative election","text":"1989 Soviet Union legislative election In 1989, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. The main elections were held on 26 March and a second round on 9 April. They were the first relatively free nationwide elections held in the Soviet Union, and would prove to be the final national elections held as the country ceased to exist in 1991. The elections were followed by regional elections in 1990, the last legislative elections to take place in the country. In January 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union","psg_id":"14793134"},{"title":"Boris Gulko","text":"Boris Gulko Boris Franzevich Gulko (; born February 9, 1947) is a Soviet-American International Grandmaster in chess. His peak Elo rating was 2644 in 2000. Gulko is noted to be the only person to win both the Soviet Chess Championship and the U.S. Chess Championship, and for having a positive score against Garry Kasparov. Boris Gulko was born in 1947 to a Jewish family. His father was a soldier of the Red Army and was stationed in East Germany. His family returned to the Soviet Union after a few years. Gulko became an International Master in 1975, and a Grandmaster","psg_id":"4292252"},{"title":"Soviet Census (1989)","text":"significant slowdown may in part be due to the remarkable socio-economic changes that followed the disintegration of the USSR, that have tended to reduce even more the already decreasing birth rates (which were already showing some signs of decline since the Soviet era, in particular among the people living in the European part of the Soviet Union). The next census was possibly planned for 1999. Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \"1989 All-Union Census\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population","psg_id":"10007134"},{"title":"A Word to the People","text":"A Word to the People \"A Word to the People\" (Russian: «Слово к народу») was an open letter signed by twelve Soviet public figures. The declaration was published in \"Sovetskaya Rossiya\" (a newspaper that expressed anti-perestroika views) on 23 July 1991. The signers included writers Yuri Bondarev, Valentin Rasputin and Alexander Prokhanov, singer Lyudmila Zykina, war generals Valentin Varennikov and Boris Gromov, sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov, scientist and politicians Gennady Zyuganov, Vasily Starodubtsev, and . The authors of the writing appealed to the citizens of the country, severely criticizing the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, and they pleaded to","psg_id":"13371582"},{"title":"Boris Kosarev","text":"Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was born on 29 October 1911, in a small town of Odoyev, Tula Governorate. When Boris turned 14, his father gave him a camera as a present. He printed photographic plates, learned to work with photographic chemicals, learned how to print photographs. 1927-1929 he worked as","psg_id":"18926649"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"\"p\" and let formula_8 and formula_9 be two distinct points at infinity. Then the limit exists and is finite, and therefore can be considered as a generalized Gromov product. It is actually given by the formula where formula_12 is the angle between the geodesic rays formula_13 and formula_14. The Gromov product can be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic spaces in the sense of Gromov.: (\"X\", \"d\") is said to be \"δ\"-hyperbolic if, for all \"p\", \"x\", \"y\" and \"z\" in \"X\", In this case. Gromov product measures how long geodesics remain close together. Namely, if \"x\", \"y\" and \"z\" are three","psg_id":"10800869"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Cup Final","text":"was during the last season when in the semifinals Torpedo once again defeated Dnipro in overtime playing at home. 1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The","psg_id":"14752275"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Cup Final","text":"1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The last year defending champions Metalist Kharkiv were eliminated in the second round of the competition by FC Torpedo Moscow","psg_id":"14752273"},{"title":"Boris Meissner","text":"Boris Meissner Boris Meissner (August 10, 1915 Pskov - September 10, 2003 Cologne) was a German lawyer and social scientist, specializing in international law and Eastern European history and politics. Meissner was the son of Artur Meissner, a judge of Baltic German extraction, and spent his childhood in Pärnu, Estonia. He attended Tartu University, where he received a first degree in Economics (Diplom rer. oec.) in 1935. He then studied Law in Tartu until he had to leave Estonia following the Soviet occupation in 1940. He was able to continue his studies at Posen University, where he also worked as","psg_id":"9587308"},{"title":"Feliks Gromov","text":"that Gromov was dismissed because of a Russian Pacific Fleet ammunition explosion which seems to have attracted wide attention. Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962","psg_id":"7408771"},{"title":"Boris Pavlovich Belousov","text":"Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of World War I, Belousov tried to join the army, but was denied for health reasons. He took up","psg_id":"2180383"},{"title":"Boris Pavlovich Belousov","text":"and Zhabotinsky. Belousov was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize in 1980 for his work on the BZ reaction. Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of","psg_id":"2180386"},{"title":"Maxim Gromov","text":"Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the political party The Other Russia. He is also the leader of the human rights organization Prisoners' Union. In 2000 Gromov sewed his lips shut in protest over censorship in Russia. On 14 September 2003 Gromov was part of a group of 16 national-bolsheviks who occupied a train in Lithuania. Gromov was detained and stayed under arrest for 40 days. On 3 December 2003 Gromov was part","psg_id":"17589082"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"of convex integration and the h-principle, a very general way to solve underdetermined partial differential equations and the basis for a geometric theory of these equations. In the 1980s, Gromov introduced the Gromov–Hausdorff metric, a measure of the difference between two compact metric spaces. In this context he proved Gromov's compactness theorem, stating that the set of compact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \"c\" and diameter ≤ \"D\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The possible limit points of sequences of such manifolds are Alexandrov spaces of curvature ≥ \"c\", a class of metric spaces studied in detail","psg_id":"3370080"},{"title":"Gromov norm","text":"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \"n\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \"n\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.","psg_id":"10224986"},{"title":"Gromov norm","text":"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \"n\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \"n\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.","psg_id":"10224985"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\"X\", \"d\") be a metric space and let \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ∈ \"X\". Then the Gromov product of \"y\" and \"z\" at \"x\", denoted (\"y\", \"z\"), is defined by Given three points \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" in the metric space \"X\", by the triangle inequality there exist non-negative numbers \"a\", \"b\", \"c\" such that formula_2. Then the Gromov products are formula_3.","psg_id":"10800867"},{"title":"Maxim Gromov","text":"In 2008 Gromov cofounded the non-governmental organization Prisoners' Union. Since 2009 Gromov has taken part in the actions of Strategy-31, a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia. On 31 July 2011 he was arrested during the action, during which he was beaten by police and hospitalized. In 2011 Gromov initiated the art project \"Children of prisoners of conscience\". Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the","psg_id":"17589084"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"points of a \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric space then the initial segments of length (\"y\", \"z\") of geodesics from \"x\" to \"y\" and \"x\" to \"z\" are no further than 2\"δ\" apart (in the sense of the Hausdorff distance between closed sets). Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\"X\", \"d\") be a metric space and let \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ∈ \"X\". Then the Gromov product of \"y\" and","psg_id":"10800870"},{"title":"Feliks Gromov","text":"Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962 and served on the Sverdlov class cruiser \"Admiral Senyavin\" and the Kotlin class destroyer \"Vdokhnovennyy\". He subsequently commanded the","psg_id":"7408769"},{"title":"Boris Mikhailovich Belousov","text":"during the Gorbachev era. He was appointed to the post in July 1989 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Nikolai I. Ryzhkov. Boris Mikhailovich Belousov Boris Mikhailovich Belousov (born 1934) is a Soviet politician who held different cabinet posts, including Minister of Defense Industry. Belousov was born in 1934. He received a degree in electronic engineering from the Taganrog Radio Technical Institute. Belousov was a member of the Communist Party. He worked in Izhevsk in the field of general machine-building. He served as the department head at the Udmur CPSU Obkom and director of the Izhevsk mechanical plant. His","psg_id":"17798348"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"field of symplectic topology by introducing the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves. This led to Gromov–Witten invariants which are used in string theory and to his non-squeezing theorem. Gromov is also interested in mathematical biology, the structure of the brain and the thinking process, and the way scientific ideas evolve. Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov","psg_id":"3370082"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"model in Cosmology. This model of cosmology is not stable with respect to smooth variations of the metric. In a special case, the concept of Gromov–Hausdorff limits is closely related to Large deviations theory. Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \"X\" and","psg_id":"2685828"},{"title":"Boris Kabishev","text":"Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff, Kabishev led the 3rd","psg_id":"19518442"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding to positive and negative infinity. There are several equivalent definitions of the Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper δ-hyperbolic space. One of the most common uses equivalence classes of geodesic rays. Pick some point formula_1 of a hyperbolic metric space formula_2 to be the origin. A geodesic ray","psg_id":"17687350"},{"title":"Boris Mozhayev","text":"Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \"Zhivoy\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \"Peasant Men and Women\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported by Alexander Tvardovsky and admired by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Mozhayev experienced serious difficulties with publishing his harshly realistic, tinged with bitter humour Village prose, dealing with trials and tribulations of the Soviet peasantry in the years of collectivisation and beyond. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev was born","psg_id":"17513286"},{"title":"Boris Nikolsky","text":"ions (see Nikolsky-Eisenman equation and Nikolsky-Shultz-Eisenman thermodynamic ion-exchange theory of GE) and so on. Boris Nikolsky also actively participated in the Soviet nuclear program. In 1952-1974 he was the senior scientist and the chairman of scientific committee at the Soviet nuclear fuel reprocessing plant Mayak, where he worked on the technology of processing and refining of plutonium. In 1961-1963 he was the chairman of the chemistry department at Leningrad State University. General publications on the glass electrode theory Boris Nikolsky was a co-author of the monumental textbook on physical chemistry and an editor-in-chief of the most comprehensive multivolume handbook of","psg_id":"4597062"},{"title":"Boris Nikonorov","text":"Soviet junior title and was included to the national team. He retired in 1966 with an estimated record of 250 wins out of 265 bouts. During his career he won the Soviet championships in the featherweight (1959–60) and lightweight divisions (1962–63, 1965–66). In retirement he coached boxers in his club Trudovye Rezervy, and was also involved with the Bulgarian (1970–74) and Soviet (1989) national teams. His trainees included 1972 Olympic medalists Georgi Kostadinov and Angel Angelov. Boris Nikonorov Boris Nikolayevich Nikonorov (, 25 January 1939 – 30 August 2015) was a Russian amateur boxer who won a silver medal in","psg_id":"19420744"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"conjecture concerns the classification of groups with a 2-sphere at infinity: Cannon's conjecture: Every Gromov hyperbolic group with a 2-sphere at infinity acts geometrically on hyperbolic 3-space. The analog to this conjecture is known to be true for 1-spheres and false for spheres of all dimension greater than 2. Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding","psg_id":"17687356"},{"title":"Boris at Last: Feedbacker","text":"Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \"Feedbacker\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500 which was released by Diwphalanx Records. This DVD was originally an unofficial recording of the band performing the entirety of \"Feedbacker\" live in New York and entitled \"Bootleg -Feedbacker-\". The official DVD release depicts a different member of the band lying in a pool of blood similar to the album cover. The album incorporates many different rock elements and because of it has become a","psg_id":"8958152"},{"title":"Boris at Last: Feedbacker","text":"song that the band frequently revisits on tour. On 13 September 2009, as a special set for the Flaming Lips-curated day of All Tomorrow's Parties New York 2009 in Monticello, Boris performed the album in its entirety. They performed the album again at the Pavement curated ATP at Minehead Butlin's on 15 May 2010. Note: Some versions contain the same song split into 5 movements. Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \"Feedbacker\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500","psg_id":"8958153"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \"X\" and \"Y\" are two compact metric spaces, then \"d\" (\"X\", \"Y\") is defined to be the infimum of all numbers \"d\"(\"f\"(\"X\"), \"g\"(\"Y\")) for all metric spaces \"M\" and all isometric embeddings \"f\": \"X\"→\"M\" and \"g\":","psg_id":"2685823"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"by Burago, Gromov and Perelman in 1992. Gromov was also the first to study the space of all possible Riemannian structures on a given manifold. Gromov introduced geometric group theory, the study of infinite groups via the geometry of their Cayley graphs and their word metric. In 1981 he proved Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth: a finitely generated group has polynomial growth (a geometric property) if and only if it is virtually nilpotent (an algebraic property). The proof uses the Gromov–Hausdorff metric mentioned above. Along with Eliyahu Rips he introduced the notion of hyperbolic groups. Gromov founded the","psg_id":"3370081"},{"title":"General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union","text":"that Gorbachev still retained his role as leader of the Soviet Union. Following the failed August coup of 1991, Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary. He was succeeded by his deputy, Vladimir Ivashko, who only served for five days as Acting General Secretary before Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia, suspended all activity in the Communist Party. Following the party's ban, the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP–CPSU) was established by Oleg Shenin in 1993. The UCP–CPSU works as a framework for reviving and restoring the CPSU. The organisation has members in all the former","psg_id":"2271587"},{"title":"1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6","text":"last season Bukovyna, Volyn also failed to earn promotion to the First League as it lost the inter-zonal playoffs. The following were the top ten goalscorers. 1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 59th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League. The Soviet Second League was split after the season and all national (republican) competitions were placed at the lower league (4th division), while the upper league (3rd division) was transformed into a buffer league. The 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was","psg_id":"18674745"},{"title":"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky","text":"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with high building density. This area was actively built up by merchants' shop buildings and residential houses","psg_id":"20804430"},{"title":"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky","text":"building\". The size of the plaque is 50x50 cm. She signature is covered with bronze paint. The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with","psg_id":"20804433"},{"title":"The New Leave It to Beaver","text":"The New Leave It to Beaver The New Leave It to Beaver (also known as Still the Beaver) is an American sitcom sequel to the original 1957–1963 sitcom \"Leave It to Beaver\". The series began with the 1983 reunion television movie \"Still the Beaver\" that aired on CBS in March 1983. The success of the television movie prompted the creation of a revival series, also titled \"Still the Beaver\", that aired on the Disney Channel from 1984 to 1985. In 1986, the series was picked up by TBS where it aired until June 1989. \"The New Leave It to Beaver\"","psg_id":"6719236"},{"title":"Soviet–Afghan War","text":"the Soviets had negotiated ceasefires with local mujahideen commanders, so the withdrawal was generally executed peacefully, except for the operation \"Typhoon\". General Yazov, the Defense Minister of Soviet Union, ordered the 40th Army to violate the agreement with Ahmed Shah Masood, who commanded a large force in the Panjshir Valley, and attack his relaxed and exposed forces. The Soviet attack was initiated to protect Najibullah, who did not have a cease fire in effect with Masood, and who rightly feared an offensive by Masood's forces after the Soviet withdrawal. General Gromov, the 40th Army Commander, objected to the operation, but","psg_id":"844658"},{"title":"Where Were You Last Night (song)","text":"Where Were You Last Night (song) \"Where Were You Last Night\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \"Where Were You Last Night\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \"Trackslistan\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\" (aka \"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog number PSDR-1010, and cassette tape catalog number PSSR-1010. This was a","psg_id":"10498110"},{"title":"Where Were You Last Night (song)","text":"cover originally sung by Ankie Bagger. Japanese lyrics by Neko OIKAWA. Where Were You Last Night (song) \"Where Were You Last Night\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \"Where Were You Last Night\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \"Trackslistan\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\" (aka \"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog","psg_id":"10498111"},{"title":"Gromov product","text":"In the case that the points \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" are the outer nodes of a tripod then these Gromov products are the lengths of the edges. In the hyperbolic, spherical or euclidean plane, the Gromov product (\"A\", \"B\") equals the distance \"p\" between \"C\" and the point where the incircle of the geodesic triangle \"ABC\" touches the edge \"CB\" or \"CA\". Indeed from the diagram , so that . Thus for any metric space, a geometric interpretation of (\"A\", \"B\") is obtained by isometrically embedding (A, B, C) into the euclidean plane. Consider hyperbolic space H. Fix a base point","psg_id":"10800868"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"makes the Gromov boundary into a compact metrizable space. The number of ends of a hyperbolic group is the number of components of the Gromov boundary. The Gromov boundary has several important properties. One of the most frequently used properties in group theory is the following: if a group formula_30 acts geometrically on a δ-hyperbolic space, then formula_30 is hyperbolic group and formula_30 and formula_2 have homeomorphic Gromov boundaries. One of the most important properties is that it is a quasi-isometry invariant; that is, if two hyperbolic metric spaces are quasi-isometric, then the quasi-isometry between them gives a homeomorphism between","psg_id":"17687353"},{"title":"Alexey Gromov","text":"the president, first in the Press Office, then as Press Attache, and, since 2008, as Deputy Chief of Staff. March 20th 2014, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) published that Gromov and 19 other men have been added to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN). On 12 May 2014, Gromov was added to the European Union sanctions list due to his role in the 2014 Crimean crisis. He is barred from entering the EU countries, and his assets in the EU have to be frozen. Gromov speaks fluent Czech, Slovak and English. He is married and they have two","psg_id":"14460535"},{"title":"Boris Kosarev","text":"a press operator on \"Electrosvet\" factory, at the same time he attended photo courses at the Society of Friends of the Soviet cinema. Boris offered his photographs to popular newspapers and magazines, the first works were published in the newspaper \"Vechernyaya Moskva\". In 1929 famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky invited Boris to work for his magazine \"Our achievements\", where Boris worked as photojournalist for couple of years. In 1929-1932 - pictures were published in the Soviet magazines \"RABIS\", \"Cinema and the life.\" 1932–1933 years – official photographer of Pribalhashstroy Construction, photographer of \"Soyuzfoto\" Agency. On his return to Moscow Boris","psg_id":"18926650"},{"title":"Boris Kabishev","text":"1986 and 1991. He lived in Moscow and died on 5 December 1998. Kabishev was buried in the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery. Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and","psg_id":"19518450"},{"title":"Boris Levit-Broun","text":"Boris Levit-Broun Boris Levit-Broun - Russian poet, writer, artist, was born on July 9, 1950 in Kiev. Parents: Mother – Mira Raiz, a classical pianist and teacher, she has been living in Germany since 1989 and still gives concerts. Father - Leonid Levit-Broun, a master of chamber photo portrait, photographer and artist, he was widely known in the 70–90 years in Ukraine and Russia. Being brought up in a family of soviet Jewish intellectuals in an atmosphere saturated with cultural and artistic interests (music, literature, painting) determined the early propensity of Boris Levit-Broun to the humanitarian sphere. In 1967, Boris","psg_id":"17571550"},{"title":"Soviet espionage in the United States","text":"advocacy of pro-Soviet policy and to enlarge the pool of potential recruits for espionage work. The illegal residency of NKVD in the US was established in 1934 by the former Berlin resident Boris Bazarov. In 1935, NKVD agent Iskhak Akhmerov entered the US with false identity papers to assist Bazarov in the collection of useful intelligence, and operated without interruption until 1939, when he left the US. Akhmerov's wife, an American who worked for Soviet intelligence, was Helen Lowry (Elza Akhmerova), the niece of CPUSA General Secretary Earl Browder. Recent information from Soviet archives has revealed that Browder's younger sister","psg_id":"5182712"},{"title":"Gromov Flight Research Institute","text":"Show (Aviasalon). At present, GFRI is also hosted Zhukovsky International Airport. The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of Sovnarkom and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gromov, a test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, became its first chief. From the very beginning the Institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities. The first years of the Institute's existence fell on the war times. During the war experts of","psg_id":"9703568"},{"title":"Boris Vladimirov","text":"He retired in 1960 and lived in Moscow. Vladimirov died on 1 May 1978 and was buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery. In 2010, Vladimirov's memoirs were posthumously published by Yauza/Eksmo as \"Divisional Commander: From Sinyavino Heights to the Elbe\" (). Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet","psg_id":"19849965"},{"title":"Boris Snetkov","text":"free Soviet elections, Snetkov, who was backed by the Communist Party, lost his seat, which represented a district in Yaroslavl, to reformist Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Podziruk, in a campaign focused on the issue of the existence of the Soviet draft. Snetkov married Aleksandra Ivanovna, who died 2011, and had a son, Vladislav Borisovich Snetkov, who also became an army officer, and who died in 1997. Snetkov was awarded the following decorations. Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II","psg_id":"20130831"},{"title":"Boris Plotnikov","text":"and in the crime drama \"Experts\" (2007) played a forensic medical worker. In 2006, director Natalya Bondarchuk invited Plotnikov to play the Chief of the Gendarmes of the Secret Chancellery, Leonti Dubelt, in the drama \"Pushkin. The Last Duel\". Boris Plotnikov also participated in the military themed series \"Everyone has his Own War\" (2011), \"Snipers: Love under Sight\" (2012), \"Fighters. The Last Battle\" (2015). Boris Plotnikov Boris Grigoryevich Plotnikov (, born 2 April 1949) is a Soviet and Russian film actor. His film debut was as Sotnikov in \"The Ascent\", the acclaimed final film of Russian director Larisa Shepitko. Plotnikov","psg_id":"14348175"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"converges in the pointed Gromov–Hausdorff sense. Another simple and very useful result in Riemannian geometry is Gromov's compactness theorem, which states that the set of Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \"c\" and diameter ≤ \"D\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The limit spaces are metric spaces. Additional properties on the length spaces have been proven by Cheeger and Colding. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance metric has been applied in the field of computer graphics and computational geometry to find correspondences between different shapes . The Gromov–Hausdorff distance has been used by Sormani to prove the stability of the Friedmann","psg_id":"2685827"},{"title":"Don't Leave...","text":"is lost, the chancellor commits suicide. It's clear to all that Marcella is mortally wounded. The prince sings her last song about hope, all present listen with tears in her eyes. Suddenly, Penapia's face expresses amazement: the rose on Marcella's breast gradually turns from blue to red. Don't Leave... Don't Leave ... () is a 1989 Soviet two-part television children's musical film directed by Leonid Nechayev, based on the play of the same name by Georgy Polonsky, which in turn is loosely based on the fairy tale of William Thackeray \"The Rose and the Ring\". The action takes place in","psg_id":"20604961"},{"title":"Boris Mozhayev","text":"planning a trilogy but could manage only several chapters of the third, autobiographical part, called \"Izgoy\" (The Outcast). In 1995 he started editing the \"Rossiya\" magazine but soon was diagnosed with cancer and retired. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev died on March 2, 1996, in Moscow. Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \"Zhivoy\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \"Peasant Men and Women\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported","psg_id":"17513292"},{"title":"Gromov–Witten invariant","text":"Gromov–Witten invariant In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold. The GW invariants may be packaged as a homology or cohomology class in an appropriate space, or as the deformed cup product of quantum cohomology. These invariants have been used to distinguish symplectic manifolds that were previously indistinguishable. They also play a crucial role in closed type IIA string theory. They are named after Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten. The rigorous mathematical definition of Gromov–Witten invariants is lengthy","psg_id":"5626679"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"is a path given by an isometry formula_3 such that each segment formula_4 is a path of shortest length from formula_1 to formula_6. Two geodesics formula_7 are defined to be equivalent if there is a constant formula_8 such that formula_9 for all formula_10. The equivalence class of formula_11 is denoted formula_12. The Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper hyperbolic metric space formula_2 is the set formula_14 is a geodesic ray in formula_15. It is useful to use the Gromov product of three points. The Gromov product of three points formula_16 in a metric space is formula_17. In a tree","psg_id":"17687351"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"their boundaries. This is important because homeomorphisms of compact spaces are much easier to understand than quasi-isometries of spaces. For a complete CAT(0) space \"X\", the visual boundary of \"X\", like the Gromov boundary of δ-hyperbolic space, consists of equivalence class of asymptotic geodesic rays. However, the Gromov product cannot be used to define a topology on it. For example, in the case of a flat plane, any two geodesic rays issuing from a point not heading in opposite directions will have infinite Gromov product with respect to that point. The visual boundary is instead endowed with the cone topology.","psg_id":"17687354"},{"title":"Gromov boundary","text":"(graph theory), this measures how long the paths from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay together before diverging. Since hyperbolic spaces are tree-like, the Gromov product measures how long geodesics from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay close before diverging. Given a point formula_24 in the Gromov boundary, we define the sets formula_25 there are geodesic rays formula_7 with formula_27 and formula_28. These open sets form a basis for the topology of the Gromov boundary. These open sets are just the set of geodesic rays which follow one fixed geodesic ray up to a distance formula_29 before diverging. This topology","psg_id":"17687352"},{"title":"In the Country of Last Things","text":"novel ends with Anna considering the best way for them to leave the city, and telling the unknown acquaintance to whom she is writing that she will write again. It is unknown whether the letter was sent, and whether Anna, Victoria, Sam and Boris were successful in their attempt to leave the city. The 'last things' in the title of the book refers not only to the disappearance of manufactured objects and technology but also the fading of memories of them and the words used to describe them. As of 2013, a film adaptation directed by Alejandro Chomski was in","psg_id":"2787923"},{"title":"Gromov–Witten invariant","text":"the symplectic manifold \"X\". To interpret the Gromov–Witten invariant geometrically, let β be a homology class in formula_1 and α, ..., α homology classes in \"X\", such that the sum of the codimensions of β, α, ..., α equals \"d\". These induce homology classes in \"Y\" by the Künneth formula. Let where formula_13 denotes the intersection product in the rational homology of \"Y\". This is a rational number, the Gromov–Witten invariant for the given classes. This number gives a \"virtual\" count of the number of pseudoholomorphic curves (in the class \"A\", of genus \"g\", with domain in the β-part of","psg_id":"5626682"},{"title":"Boris Vladimirov","text":"Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Vladimirov successively became senior officer in charge of the formation of march battalions in the Siberian Military District, chief of staff of a ski brigade, and a rifle brigade. He commanded the rifle brigade in the Siege of Leningrad,","psg_id":"19849958"},{"title":"Antisemitism in the Soviet Union","text":"the 1917 Revolution. As early as 1907, Stalin wrote a letter differentiating between a \"Jewish faction\" and a \"true Russian faction\" in Bolshevism. Stalin's secretary Boris Bazhanov stated that Stalin made crude antisemitic outbursts even before Lenin's death. It's also possible that Stalin's attitudes towards Trotsky, a Ukrainian Jew, may have influenced his views of Jews in general. Stalin adopted antisemitic policies which were reinforced with his anti-Westernism. Since antisemitism was associated with Nazi Germany and was officially condemned by the Soviet system, the Soviet Union and other communist states used the cover-term \"anti-Zionism\" for their antisemitic policies. Antisemitism, as","psg_id":"14320879"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"of the sequence. The Gromov–Hausdorff space is path-connected, complete, and separable. It is also geodesic, i.e., any two of its points are the endpoints of a minimizing geodesic. In the global sense, the Gromov-Hausdorff space is totally heterogeneous, i.e., its isometry group is trivial, but locally there are many nontrivial isometries. The pointed Gromov–Hausdorff convergence is an analog of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence appropriate for non-compact spaces. A pointed metric space is a pair (\"X\",\"p\") consisting of a metric space \"X\" and point \"p\" in \"X\". A sequence (\"X, p\") of pointed metric spaces converges to a pointed metric space (\"Y\", \"p\")","psg_id":"2685825"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"\"Y\"→\"M\". Here \"d\" denotes Hausdorff distance between subsets in \"M\" and the \"isometric embedding\" is understood in the global sense, i.e. it must preserve all distances, not only infinitesimally small ones; for example no compact Riemannian manifold admits such an embedding into Euclidean space of the same dimension. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance turns the set of all isometry classes of compact metric spaces into a metric space, called Gromov–Hausdorff space, and it therefore defines a notion of convergence for sequences of compact metric spaces, called Gromov–Hausdorff convergence. A metric space to which such a sequence converges is called the Gromov-Hausdorff limit","psg_id":"2685824"},{"title":"Taubes's Gromov invariant","text":"index for the cylindrical case, and again, the curves are pseudoholomorphic with respect to a suitable almost complex structure. The result is a topological invariant of Y, which Taubes proved is isomorphic to monopole Floer homology, a version of Seiberg–Witten homology for Y. Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants","psg_id":"6324546"},{"title":"Taubes's Gromov invariant","text":"Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants derived from the Seiberg–Witten equations in a series of four long papers. Much of the analytical complexity connected to this invariant comes from properly counting multiply covered pseudoholomorphic curves so that the result is invariant of the choice of almost complex structure. The","psg_id":"6324544"},{"title":"Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)","text":"apparatchiks to fill the membership of its new legislative body. Outspoken opposition leader Yeltsin obtained a seat in the Supreme Soviet only when another deputy relinquished his position. The first Congress of People's Deputies was the last moment of real control for Gorbachev over the political life of the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of People's Deputies formed under the name of the Inter-Regional Group. The members of this body included almost all of the liberal and Russian nationalist members of the opposition led by Boris Yeltsin. A primary issue for","psg_id":"6281487"},{"title":"Boris Dubrovin","text":"systems, geometry of isomonodromic deformations, theta functions on Riemann surfaces, and nonlinear waves. Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants,","psg_id":"20883983"},{"title":"Boris Dubrovin","text":"Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants, singularity theory, normal forms of integrable partial differential equations, Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic","psg_id":"20883982"},{"title":"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence","text":"if, for each \"R\" > 0, the sequence of closed \"R\"-balls around \"p\" in \"X\" converges to the closed \"R\"-ball around \"p\" in \"Y\" in the usual Gromov–Hausdorff sense. The notion of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence was first used by Gromov to prove that any discrete group with polynomial growth is virtually nilpotent (i.e. it contains a nilpotent subgroup of finite index). See Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. (Also see D. Edwards for an earlier work.) The key ingredient in the proof was the observation that for the Cayley graph of a group with polynomial growth a sequence of rescalings","psg_id":"2685826"},{"title":"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov","text":"a presentation at the International Congress of Mathematicians in France, he was not allowed to leave the USSR. Still, his lecture was published in the conference proceedings. Disagreeing with the Soviet system, he had been thinking of emigrating since the age of 14. In the early 1970s he ceased publication, hoping that this would help his application to move to Israel. He changed his last name to that of his mother. When the request was granted in 1974, he moved directly to New York where a position had been arranged for him at Stony Brook. In 1981 he left Stony","psg_id":"3370078"},{"title":"1989 October Revolution Parade","text":"1989 October Revolution Parade The 1989 October Revolution Parade was a parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 7 November 1989 to commemorate the 72th anniversary of the socialist revolution in the Russian Empire in 1917. Mikhail Gorbachev the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Nikolai Ryzhkov the Premier of the Soviet Union was on Lenin's Mausoleum watching the parade. This would be the last time that Gorbachev would be at the parade in the capacity of General Secretary. General of the Army and Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov made his 3rd","psg_id":"19909784"},{"title":"Boris Shilkov","text":"Boris Shilkov Boris Arsenyevich Shilkov (; 28 June 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a speed skater. Competing for the Soviet Union, Shilkov lived in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), where he worked as an engineer. He became Soviet Allround Champion in 1953 and made his international debut three weeks later at the World Allround Championships, where he won silver behind teammate and rival Oleg Goncharenko after having just recovered from an illness. The following year (1954) he became Soviet Allround Champion again (with Goncharenko, again, winning silver), European Allround Champion (with Goncharenko finishing 4th), and World Allround Champion (with Goncharenko","psg_id":"7281811"},{"title":"1989 Argentine general election","text":"1989 Argentine general election The Argentine general election of 1989 was held on 14 May 1989. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 85.3%, Carlos Menem won the presidency, and the Justicialist Party won the control of both houses of Congress. This is the last presidential election the president was elected by the electoral college. Inheriting a difficult legacy from his military predecessors, President Raúl Alfonsín's tenure had been practically defined by the foreign debt Argentina's last dictatorship left behind. Signs of unraveling in Alfonsín's 1985 Austral Plan for economic stabilization cost his centrist","psg_id":"11519252"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Russian Federation. In 1994 Gromov retired from the Russian Armed Forces, and was soon appointed deputy Interior Minister. He was elected in 1995 to the State Duma, lower house of the Russian parliament. In January 2000 he was elected governor of the Moscow region and re-elected in December 2003. Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6615516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feliks Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"cruisers \\\"Senyavin\\\" and the \\\"Dmitry Pozharsky\\\". In 1977 Gromov became commander of a squadron of surface ships in the Baltic Fleet and was transferred to the Soviet Northern Fleet in 1982. In 1984 he became deputy commander of the Soviet Northern Fleet and was promoted to its commander in 1988. In 1992 Gromov was given command of the Russian Navy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet by Boris Yeltsin in 1996 and retired in 1997 at age 60, the mandated retirement age for Admirals and Fleet Admirals. The Jamestown Foundation speculated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7408770\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"mother, who worked as a medical doctor in the Soviet Army, had to leave the front line in order to give birth to him. When Gromov was nine years old, his mother gave him the book \\\"The Enjoyment of Mathematics\\\" by Hans Rademacher and Otto Toeplitz, a book that piqued his curiosity and had a great influence on him. Gromov studied mathematics at Leningrad State University where he obtained a master's degree in 1965, a Doctorate in 1969 and defended his Postdoctoral Thesis in 1973. His thesis advisor was Vladimir Rokhlin. Gromov married in 1967. In 1970, invited to give\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370077\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign\",\n \"text\": \"1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign The 1991 presidential campaign of Boris Yeltsin, was the successful campaign by then-Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia in Russia's first presidential election. Yeltsin ran as an independent candidate. His running mate was People's Deputy and former soldier Alexander Rutskoy. Receiving more than 50% of the vote in the first round of the election, the Yeltsin-Rutskoy ticket won the election with an overwhelming margin over their closest competitors, the Ryzhkov-Gromov ticket. Thus Boris Yeltsin and Alexander Rutskoy were elected 1st President of Russia and 1st Vice President of Russia respectively. On March 17, 1991,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20776617\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov has won several prizes, including the Abel Prize in 2009 \\\"for his revolutionary contributions to geometry\\\". Mikhail Gromov was born on 23 December 1943 in Boksitogorsk, Soviet Union. His father Leonid Gromov and his Jewish mother Lea Rabinovitz were pathologists. Gromov was born during World War II, and his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370076\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Gromov (military)\",\n \"text\": \"institute in 1991 to celebrate 50th anniversary of the institute. In late 1940th initiated the establishment of the Fedotov Test Pilot School. The Gromov Medal was established in March 2011 by the Gromov Flight Research Institute as a highest corporate award in memory of the founder of the institute. Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4231858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, proclaimed that the summit was the beginning of normalized state-to-state relations. The meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and then General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20669023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexey Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"sons, Alexey and Danila. Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14460536\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexey Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he has worked directly for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14460534\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"I, a Russian soldier\",\n \"text\": \"Russian soldier Jew finally said on German. German general ordered his soldiers to salute the last Soviet defender of the fortress. I, a Russian soldier I, a Russian soldier (, translit. Ya — Russkiy soldat) is Russian film about the famous episode of the Eastern Front — the Defense of Brest Fortress, based on the novel by Boris Vasilyev \\\"His Name is Not in the List\\\". The film begins on June 21, 1941, one day before the German invasion. Lieutenant Nikolay Pluzhnikov, a former cadet in the border guards school, is posted at the border in Brest. Nikolay and his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19220652\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Sino-Soviet Summit\",\n \"text\": \"though Gorbachev did not say it directly during the Summit or afterward, he sympathized with the protestors as they were pushing for the political changes that Gorbachev had implemented in the Soviet Union. 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20669033\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Gromov (military)\",\n \"text\": \"Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started working as a test pilot testing the aeroplanes designed by Andrei Tupolev and Nikolai Polikarpov. Later became chief-pilot of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. On 25 April 1927 made the first Soviet parachute jump out of a Polikarpov I-1 under testing that had entered an unrecoverable spin. In June-September 1925\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4231856\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Census (1989)\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \\\"1989 All-Union Census\\\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1 April 1990 census), although it was well behind China and India. In 1989, about half of the Soviet Union's total population lived in the Russian SFSR, and approximately one-sixth (18%) of them in Ukraine. Almost two-thirds\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10007131\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Snetkov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II as a self-propelled artillery officer and during the Cold War rose to command positions. He commanded the 1st Guards Tank Army and served as first deputy commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany during the 1970s. Snetkov led the Siberian Military District and the Leningrad Military District in the 1980s and in 1987 became commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG), which in 1989 became the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20130817\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kosarev\",\n \"text\": \"1989. Boris’s son, Aleksander Kosarev (1944–2013), took over Boris’s creative route and became Russian film director, Honored Art Worker of Russia, screenwriter and actor, poet. Photo works \\\"Snowing\\\", \\\"Before the Storm\\\" and \\\"The first space flight\\\" were internationally awarded with medals and prizes Solo exhibitions: Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18926654\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Union legislative election\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Soviet Union legislative election In 1989, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. The main elections were held on 26 March and a second round on 9 April. They were the first relatively free nationwide elections held in the Soviet Union, and would prove to be the final national elections held as the country ceased to exist in 1991. The elections were followed by regional elections in 1990, the last legislative elections to take place in the country. In January 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14793134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Gulko\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Gulko Boris Franzevich Gulko (; born February 9, 1947) is a Soviet-American International Grandmaster in chess. His peak Elo rating was 2644 in 2000. Gulko is noted to be the only person to win both the Soviet Chess Championship and the U.S. Chess Championship, and for having a positive score against Garry Kasparov. Boris Gulko was born in 1947 to a Jewish family. His father was a soldier of the Red Army and was stationed in East Germany. His family returned to the Soviet Union after a few years. Gulko became an International Master in 1975, and a Grandmaster\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4292252\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet Census (1989)\",\n \"text\": \"significant slowdown may in part be due to the remarkable socio-economic changes that followed the disintegration of the USSR, that have tended to reduce even more the already decreasing birth rates (which were already showing some signs of decline since the Soviet era, in particular among the people living in the European part of the Soviet Union). The next census was possibly planned for 1999. Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \\\"1989 All-Union Census\\\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10007134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A Word to the People\",\n \"text\": \"A Word to the People \\\"A Word to the People\\\" (Russian: «Слово к народу») was an open letter signed by twelve Soviet public figures. The declaration was published in \\\"Sovetskaya Rossiya\\\" (a newspaper that expressed anti-perestroika views) on 23 July 1991. The signers included writers Yuri Bondarev, Valentin Rasputin and Alexander Prokhanov, singer Lyudmila Zykina, war generals Valentin Varennikov and Boris Gromov, sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov, scientist and politicians Gennady Zyuganov, Vasily Starodubtsev, and . The authors of the writing appealed to the citizens of the country, severely criticizing the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, and they pleaded to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13371582\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kosarev\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was born on 29 October 1911, in a small town of Odoyev, Tula Governorate. When Boris turned 14, his father gave him a camera as a present. He printed photographic plates, learned to work with photographic chemicals, learned how to print photographs. 1927-1929 he worked as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18926649\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"p\\\" and let formula_8 and formula_9 be two distinct points at infinity. Then the limit exists and is finite, and therefore can be considered as a generalized Gromov product. It is actually given by the formula where formula_12 is the angle between the geodesic rays formula_13 and formula_14. The Gromov product can be used to define \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic spaces in the sense of Gromov.: (\\\"X\\\", \\\"d\\\") is said to be \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic if, for all \\\"p\\\", \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\" and \\\"z\\\" in \\\"X\\\", In this case. Gromov product measures how long geodesics remain close together. Namely, if \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\" and \\\"z\\\" are three\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Cup Final\",\n \"text\": \"was during the last season when in the semifinals Torpedo once again defeated Dnipro in overtime playing at home. 1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14752275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Cup Final\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The last year defending champions Metalist Kharkiv were eliminated in the second round of the competition by FC Torpedo Moscow\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14752273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Meissner\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Meissner Boris Meissner (August 10, 1915 Pskov - September 10, 2003 Cologne) was a German lawyer and social scientist, specializing in international law and Eastern European history and politics. Meissner was the son of Artur Meissner, a judge of Baltic German extraction, and spent his childhood in Pärnu, Estonia. He attended Tartu University, where he received a first degree in Economics (Diplom rer. oec.) in 1935. He then studied Law in Tartu until he had to leave Estonia following the Soviet occupation in 1940. He was able to continue his studies at Posen University, where he also worked as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9587308\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feliks Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"that Gromov was dismissed because of a Russian Pacific Fleet ammunition explosion which seems to have attracted wide attention. Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7408771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Pavlovich Belousov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of World War I, Belousov tried to join the army, but was denied for health reasons. He took up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2180383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Pavlovich Belousov\",\n \"text\": \"and Zhabotinsky. Belousov was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize in 1980 for his work on the BZ reaction. Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2180386\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maxim Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the political party The Other Russia. He is also the leader of the human rights organization Prisoners' Union. In 2000 Gromov sewed his lips shut in protest over censorship in Russia. On 14 September 2003 Gromov was part of a group of 16 national-bolsheviks who occupied a train in Lithuania. Gromov was detained and stayed under arrest for 40 days. On 3 December 2003 Gromov was part\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17589082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"of convex integration and the h-principle, a very general way to solve underdetermined partial differential equations and the basis for a geometric theory of these equations. In the 1980s, Gromov introduced the Gromov–Hausdorff metric, a measure of the difference between two compact metric spaces. In this context he proved Gromov's compactness theorem, stating that the set of compact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \\\"c\\\" and diameter ≤ \\\"D\\\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The possible limit points of sequences of such manifolds are Alexandrov spaces of curvature ≥ \\\"c\\\", a class of metric spaces studied in detail\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370080\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov norm\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \\\"n\\\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \\\"n\\\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10224986\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov norm\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \\\"n\\\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \\\"n\\\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10224985\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\\\"X\\\", \\\"d\\\") be a metric space and let \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" ∈ \\\"X\\\". Then the Gromov product of \\\"y\\\" and \\\"z\\\" at \\\"x\\\", denoted (\\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\"), is defined by Given three points \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" in the metric space \\\"X\\\", by the triangle inequality there exist non-negative numbers \\\"a\\\", \\\"b\\\", \\\"c\\\" such that formula_2. Then the Gromov products are formula_3.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Maxim Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"In 2008 Gromov cofounded the non-governmental organization Prisoners' Union. Since 2009 Gromov has taken part in the actions of Strategy-31, a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia. On 31 July 2011 he was arrested during the action, during which he was beaten by police and hospitalized. In 2011 Gromov initiated the art project \\\"Children of prisoners of conscience\\\". Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17589084\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"points of a \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic metric space then the initial segments of length (\\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\") of geodesics from \\\"x\\\" to \\\"y\\\" and \\\"x\\\" to \\\"z\\\" are no further than 2\\\"δ\\\" apart (in the sense of the Hausdorff distance between closed sets). Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \\\"δ\\\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\\\"X\\\", \\\"d\\\") be a metric space and let \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" ∈ \\\"X\\\". Then the Gromov product of \\\"y\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Feliks Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962 and served on the Sverdlov class cruiser \\\"Admiral Senyavin\\\" and the Kotlin class destroyer \\\"Vdokhnovennyy\\\". He subsequently commanded the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7408769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Mikhailovich Belousov\",\n \"text\": \"during the Gorbachev era. He was appointed to the post in July 1989 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Nikolai I. Ryzhkov. Boris Mikhailovich Belousov Boris Mikhailovich Belousov (born 1934) is a Soviet politician who held different cabinet posts, including Minister of Defense Industry. Belousov was born in 1934. He received a degree in electronic engineering from the Taganrog Radio Technical Institute. Belousov was a member of the Communist Party. He worked in Izhevsk in the field of general machine-building. He served as the department head at the Udmur CPSU Obkom and director of the Izhevsk mechanical plant. His\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17798348\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"field of symplectic topology by introducing the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves. This led to Gromov–Witten invariants which are used in string theory and to his non-squeezing theorem. Gromov is also interested in mathematical biology, the structure of the brain and the thinking process, and the way scientific ideas evolve. Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370082\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"model in Cosmology. This model of cosmology is not stable with respect to smooth variations of the metric. In a special case, the concept of Gromov–Hausdorff limits is closely related to Large deviations theory. Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \\\"X\\\" and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685828\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kabishev\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff, Kabishev led the 3rd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19518442\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding to positive and negative infinity. There are several equivalent definitions of the Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper δ-hyperbolic space. One of the most common uses equivalence classes of geodesic rays. Pick some point formula_1 of a hyperbolic metric space formula_2 to be the origin. A geodesic ray\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Mozhayev\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \\\"Zhivoy\\\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \\\"Peasant Men and Women\\\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported by Alexander Tvardovsky and admired by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Mozhayev experienced serious difficulties with publishing his harshly realistic, tinged with bitter humour Village prose, dealing with trials and tribulations of the Soviet peasantry in the years of collectivisation and beyond. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev was born\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17513286\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Nikolsky\",\n \"text\": \"ions (see Nikolsky-Eisenman equation and Nikolsky-Shultz-Eisenman thermodynamic ion-exchange theory of GE) and so on. Boris Nikolsky also actively participated in the Soviet nuclear program. In 1952-1974 he was the senior scientist and the chairman of scientific committee at the Soviet nuclear fuel reprocessing plant Mayak, where he worked on the technology of processing and refining of plutonium. In 1961-1963 he was the chairman of the chemistry department at Leningrad State University. General publications on the glass electrode theory Boris Nikolsky was a co-author of the monumental textbook on physical chemistry and an editor-in-chief of the most comprehensive multivolume handbook of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4597062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Nikonorov\",\n \"text\": \"Soviet junior title and was included to the national team. He retired in 1966 with an estimated record of 250 wins out of 265 bouts. During his career he won the Soviet championships in the featherweight (1959–60) and lightweight divisions (1962–63, 1965–66). In retirement he coached boxers in his club Trudovye Rezervy, and was also involved with the Bulgarian (1970–74) and Soviet (1989) national teams. His trainees included 1972 Olympic medalists Georgi Kostadinov and Angel Angelov. Boris Nikonorov Boris Nikolayevich Nikonorov (, 25 January 1939 – 30 August 2015) was a Russian amateur boxer who won a silver medal in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19420744\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"conjecture concerns the classification of groups with a 2-sphere at infinity: Cannon's conjecture: Every Gromov hyperbolic group with a 2-sphere at infinity acts geometrically on hyperbolic 3-space. The analog to this conjecture is known to be true for 1-spheres and false for spheres of all dimension greater than 2. Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris at Last: Feedbacker\",\n \"text\": \"Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \\\"Feedbacker\\\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500 which was released by Diwphalanx Records. This DVD was originally an unofficial recording of the band performing the entirety of \\\"Feedbacker\\\" live in New York and entitled \\\"Bootleg -Feedbacker-\\\". The official DVD release depicts a different member of the band lying in a pool of blood similar to the album cover. The album incorporates many different rock elements and because of it has become a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8958152\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris at Last: Feedbacker\",\n \"text\": \"song that the band frequently revisits on tour. On 13 September 2009, as a special set for the Flaming Lips-curated day of All Tomorrow's Parties New York 2009 in Monticello, Boris performed the album in its entirety. They performed the album again at the Pavement curated ATP at Minehead Butlin's on 15 May 2010. Note: Some versions contain the same song split into 5 movements. Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \\\"Feedbacker\\\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8958153\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \\\"X\\\" and \\\"Y\\\" are two compact metric spaces, then \\\"d\\\" (\\\"X\\\", \\\"Y\\\") is defined to be the infimum of all numbers \\\"d\\\"(\\\"f\\\"(\\\"X\\\"), \\\"g\\\"(\\\"Y\\\")) for all metric spaces \\\"M\\\" and all isometric embeddings \\\"f\\\": \\\"X\\\"→\\\"M\\\" and \\\"g\\\":\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"by Burago, Gromov and Perelman in 1992. Gromov was also the first to study the space of all possible Riemannian structures on a given manifold. Gromov introduced geometric group theory, the study of infinite groups via the geometry of their Cayley graphs and their word metric. In 1981 he proved Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth: a finitely generated group has polynomial growth (a geometric property) if and only if it is virtually nilpotent (an algebraic property). The proof uses the Gromov–Hausdorff metric mentioned above. Along with Eliyahu Rips he introduced the notion of hyperbolic groups. Gromov founded the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370081\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"that Gorbachev still retained his role as leader of the Soviet Union. Following the failed August coup of 1991, Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary. He was succeeded by his deputy, Vladimir Ivashko, who only served for five days as Acting General Secretary before Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia, suspended all activity in the Communist Party. Following the party's ban, the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP–CPSU) was established by Oleg Shenin in 1993. The UCP–CPSU works as a framework for reviving and restoring the CPSU. The organisation has members in all the former\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2271587\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6\",\n \"text\": \"last season Bukovyna, Volyn also failed to earn promotion to the First League as it lost the inter-zonal playoffs. The following were the top ten goalscorers. 1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 59th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League. The Soviet Second League was split after the season and all national (republican) competitions were placed at the lower league (4th division), while the upper league (3rd division) was transformed into a buffer league. The 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18674745\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky\",\n \"text\": \"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with high building density. This area was actively built up by merchants' shop buildings and residential houses\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20804430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky\",\n \"text\": \"building\\\". The size of the plaque is 50x50 cm. She signature is covered with bronze paint. The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20804433\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The New Leave It to Beaver\",\n \"text\": \"The New Leave It to Beaver The New Leave It to Beaver (also known as Still the Beaver) is an American sitcom sequel to the original 1957–1963 sitcom \\\"Leave It to Beaver\\\". The series began with the 1983 reunion television movie \\\"Still the Beaver\\\" that aired on CBS in March 1983. The success of the television movie prompted the creation of a revival series, also titled \\\"Still the Beaver\\\", that aired on the Disney Channel from 1984 to 1985. In 1986, the series was picked up by TBS where it aired until June 1989. \\\"The New Leave It to Beaver\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6719236\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet–Afghan War\",\n \"text\": \"the Soviets had negotiated ceasefires with local mujahideen commanders, so the withdrawal was generally executed peacefully, except for the operation \\\"Typhoon\\\". General Yazov, the Defense Minister of Soviet Union, ordered the 40th Army to violate the agreement with Ahmed Shah Masood, who commanded a large force in the Panjshir Valley, and attack his relaxed and exposed forces. The Soviet attack was initiated to protect Najibullah, who did not have a cease fire in effect with Masood, and who rightly feared an offensive by Masood's forces after the Soviet withdrawal. General Gromov, the 40th Army Commander, objected to the operation, but\",\n \"psg_id\": \"844658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Where Were You Last Night (song)\",\n \"text\": \"Where Were You Last Night (song) \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \\\"Trackslistan\\\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \\\"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\\\" (aka \\\"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\\\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog number PSDR-1010, and cassette tape catalog number PSSR-1010. This was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10498110\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Where Were You Last Night (song)\",\n \"text\": \"cover originally sung by Ankie Bagger. Japanese lyrics by Neko OIKAWA. Where Were You Last Night (song) \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \\\"Where Were You Last Night\\\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \\\"Trackslistan\\\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \\\"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\\\" (aka \\\"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\\\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10498111\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov product\",\n \"text\": \"In the case that the points \\\"x\\\", \\\"y\\\", \\\"z\\\" are the outer nodes of a tripod then these Gromov products are the lengths of the edges. In the hyperbolic, spherical or euclidean plane, the Gromov product (\\\"A\\\", \\\"B\\\") equals the distance \\\"p\\\" between \\\"C\\\" and the point where the incircle of the geodesic triangle \\\"ABC\\\" touches the edge \\\"CB\\\" or \\\"CA\\\". Indeed from the diagram , so that . Thus for any metric space, a geometric interpretation of (\\\"A\\\", \\\"B\\\") is obtained by isometrically embedding (A, B, C) into the euclidean plane. Consider hyperbolic space H. Fix a base point\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10800868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"makes the Gromov boundary into a compact metrizable space. The number of ends of a hyperbolic group is the number of components of the Gromov boundary. The Gromov boundary has several important properties. One of the most frequently used properties in group theory is the following: if a group formula_30 acts geometrically on a δ-hyperbolic space, then formula_30 is hyperbolic group and formula_30 and formula_2 have homeomorphic Gromov boundaries. One of the most important properties is that it is a quasi-isometry invariant; that is, if two hyperbolic metric spaces are quasi-isometric, then the quasi-isometry between them gives a homeomorphism between\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687353\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Alexey Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"the president, first in the Press Office, then as Press Attache, and, since 2008, as Deputy Chief of Staff. March 20th 2014, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) published that Gromov and 19 other men have been added to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN). On 12 May 2014, Gromov was added to the European Union sanctions list due to his role in the 2014 Crimean crisis. He is barred from entering the EU countries, and his assets in the EU have to be frozen. Gromov speaks fluent Czech, Slovak and English. He is married and they have two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14460535\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kosarev\",\n \"text\": \"a press operator on \\\"Electrosvet\\\" factory, at the same time he attended photo courses at the Society of Friends of the Soviet cinema. Boris offered his photographs to popular newspapers and magazines, the first works were published in the newspaper \\\"Vechernyaya Moskva\\\". In 1929 famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky invited Boris to work for his magazine \\\"Our achievements\\\", where Boris worked as photojournalist for couple of years. In 1929-1932 - pictures were published in the Soviet magazines \\\"RABIS\\\", \\\"Cinema and the life.\\\" 1932–1933 years – official photographer of Pribalhashstroy Construction, photographer of \\\"Soyuzfoto\\\" Agency. On his return to Moscow Boris\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18926650\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Kabishev\",\n \"text\": \"1986 and 1991. He lived in Moscow and died on 5 December 1998. Kabishev was buried in the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery. Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19518450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Levit-Broun\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Levit-Broun Boris Levit-Broun - Russian poet, writer, artist, was born on July 9, 1950 in Kiev. Parents: Mother – Mira Raiz, a classical pianist and teacher, she has been living in Germany since 1989 and still gives concerts. Father - Leonid Levit-Broun, a master of chamber photo portrait, photographer and artist, he was widely known in the 70–90 years in Ukraine and Russia. Being brought up in a family of soviet Jewish intellectuals in an atmosphere saturated with cultural and artistic interests (music, literature, painting) determined the early propensity of Boris Levit-Broun to the humanitarian sphere. In 1967, Boris\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17571550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet espionage in the United States\",\n \"text\": \"advocacy of pro-Soviet policy and to enlarge the pool of potential recruits for espionage work. The illegal residency of NKVD in the US was established in 1934 by the former Berlin resident Boris Bazarov. In 1935, NKVD agent Iskhak Akhmerov entered the US with false identity papers to assist Bazarov in the collection of useful intelligence, and operated without interruption until 1939, when he left the US. Akhmerov's wife, an American who worked for Soviet intelligence, was Helen Lowry (Elza Akhmerova), the niece of CPUSA General Secretary Earl Browder. Recent information from Soviet archives has revealed that Browder's younger sister\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5182712\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov Flight Research Institute\",\n \"text\": \"Show (Aviasalon). At present, GFRI is also hosted Zhukovsky International Airport. The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of Sovnarkom and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gromov, a test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, became its first chief. From the very beginning the Institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities. The first years of the Institute's existence fell on the war times. During the war experts of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9703568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Vladimirov\",\n \"text\": \"He retired in 1960 and lived in Moscow. Vladimirov died on 1 May 1978 and was buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery. In 2010, Vladimirov's memoirs were posthumously published by Yauza/Eksmo as \\\"Divisional Commander: From Sinyavino Heights to the Elbe\\\" (). Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19849965\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Snetkov\",\n \"text\": \"free Soviet elections, Snetkov, who was backed by the Communist Party, lost his seat, which represented a district in Yaroslavl, to reformist Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Podziruk, in a campaign focused on the issue of the existence of the Soviet draft. Snetkov married Aleksandra Ivanovna, who died 2011, and had a son, Vladislav Borisovich Snetkov, who also became an army officer, and who died in 1997. Snetkov was awarded the following decorations. Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20130831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Plotnikov\",\n \"text\": \"and in the crime drama \\\"Experts\\\" (2007) played a forensic medical worker. In 2006, director Natalya Bondarchuk invited Plotnikov to play the Chief of the Gendarmes of the Secret Chancellery, Leonti Dubelt, in the drama \\\"Pushkin. The Last Duel\\\". Boris Plotnikov also participated in the military themed series \\\"Everyone has his Own War\\\" (2011), \\\"Snipers: Love under Sight\\\" (2012), \\\"Fighters. The Last Battle\\\" (2015). Boris Plotnikov Boris Grigoryevich Plotnikov (, born 2 April 1949) is a Soviet and Russian film actor. His film debut was as Sotnikov in \\\"The Ascent\\\", the acclaimed final film of Russian director Larisa Shepitko. Plotnikov\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14348175\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"converges in the pointed Gromov–Hausdorff sense. Another simple and very useful result in Riemannian geometry is Gromov's compactness theorem, which states that the set of Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \\\"c\\\" and diameter ≤ \\\"D\\\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The limit spaces are metric spaces. Additional properties on the length spaces have been proven by Cheeger and Colding. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance metric has been applied in the field of computer graphics and computational geometry to find correspondences between different shapes . The Gromov–Hausdorff distance has been used by Sormani to prove the stability of the Friedmann\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685827\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Don't Leave...\",\n \"text\": \"is lost, the chancellor commits suicide. It's clear to all that Marcella is mortally wounded. The prince sings her last song about hope, all present listen with tears in her eyes. Suddenly, Penapia's face expresses amazement: the rose on Marcella's breast gradually turns from blue to red. Don't Leave... Don't Leave ... () is a 1989 Soviet two-part television children's musical film directed by Leonid Nechayev, based on the play of the same name by Georgy Polonsky, which in turn is loosely based on the fairy tale of William Thackeray \\\"The Rose and the Ring\\\". The action takes place in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20604961\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Mozhayev\",\n \"text\": \"planning a trilogy but could manage only several chapters of the third, autobiographical part, called \\\"Izgoy\\\" (The Outcast). In 1995 he started editing the \\\"Rossiya\\\" magazine but soon was diagnosed with cancer and retired. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev died on March 2, 1996, in Moscow. Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \\\"Zhivoy\\\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \\\"Peasant Men and Women\\\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17513292\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Witten invariant\",\n \"text\": \"Gromov–Witten invariant In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold. The GW invariants may be packaged as a homology or cohomology class in an appropriate space, or as the deformed cup product of quantum cohomology. These invariants have been used to distinguish symplectic manifolds that were previously indistinguishable. They also play a crucial role in closed type IIA string theory. They are named after Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten. The rigorous mathematical definition of Gromov–Witten invariants is lengthy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5626679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"is a path given by an isometry formula_3 such that each segment formula_4 is a path of shortest length from formula_1 to formula_6. Two geodesics formula_7 are defined to be equivalent if there is a constant formula_8 such that formula_9 for all formula_10. The equivalence class of formula_11 is denoted formula_12. The Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper hyperbolic metric space formula_2 is the set formula_14 is a geodesic ray in formula_15. It is useful to use the Gromov product of three points. The Gromov product of three points formula_16 in a metric space is formula_17. In a tree\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"their boundaries. This is important because homeomorphisms of compact spaces are much easier to understand than quasi-isometries of spaces. For a complete CAT(0) space \\\"X\\\", the visual boundary of \\\"X\\\", like the Gromov boundary of δ-hyperbolic space, consists of equivalence class of asymptotic geodesic rays. However, the Gromov product cannot be used to define a topology on it. For example, in the case of a flat plane, any two geodesic rays issuing from a point not heading in opposite directions will have infinite Gromov product with respect to that point. The visual boundary is instead endowed with the cone topology.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov boundary\",\n \"text\": \"(graph theory), this measures how long the paths from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay together before diverging. Since hyperbolic spaces are tree-like, the Gromov product measures how long geodesics from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay close before diverging. Given a point formula_24 in the Gromov boundary, we define the sets formula_25 there are geodesic rays formula_7 with formula_27 and formula_28. These open sets form a basis for the topology of the Gromov boundary. These open sets are just the set of geodesic rays which follow one fixed geodesic ray up to a distance formula_29 before diverging. This topology\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17687352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In the Country of Last Things\",\n \"text\": \"novel ends with Anna considering the best way for them to leave the city, and telling the unknown acquaintance to whom she is writing that she will write again. It is unknown whether the letter was sent, and whether Anna, Victoria, Sam and Boris were successful in their attempt to leave the city. The 'last things' in the title of the book refers not only to the disappearance of manufactured objects and technology but also the fading of memories of them and the words used to describe them. As of 2013, a film adaptation directed by Alejandro Chomski was in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2787923\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Witten invariant\",\n \"text\": \"the symplectic manifold \\\"X\\\". To interpret the Gromov–Witten invariant geometrically, let β be a homology class in formula_1 and α, ..., α homology classes in \\\"X\\\", such that the sum of the codimensions of β, α, ..., α equals \\\"d\\\". These induce homology classes in \\\"Y\\\" by the Künneth formula. Let where formula_13 denotes the intersection product in the rational homology of \\\"Y\\\". This is a rational number, the Gromov–Witten invariant for the given classes. This number gives a \\\"virtual\\\" count of the number of pseudoholomorphic curves (in the class \\\"A\\\", of genus \\\"g\\\", with domain in the β-part of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5626682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Vladimirov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Vladimirov successively became senior officer in charge of the formation of march battalions in the Siberian Military District, chief of staff of a ski brigade, and a rifle brigade. He commanded the rifle brigade in the Siege of Leningrad,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19849958\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Antisemitism in the Soviet Union\",\n \"text\": \"the 1917 Revolution. As early as 1907, Stalin wrote a letter differentiating between a \\\"Jewish faction\\\" and a \\\"true Russian faction\\\" in Bolshevism. Stalin's secretary Boris Bazhanov stated that Stalin made crude antisemitic outbursts even before Lenin's death. It's also possible that Stalin's attitudes towards Trotsky, a Ukrainian Jew, may have influenced his views of Jews in general. Stalin adopted antisemitic policies which were reinforced with his anti-Westernism. Since antisemitism was associated with Nazi Germany and was officially condemned by the Soviet system, the Soviet Union and other communist states used the cover-term \\\"anti-Zionism\\\" for their antisemitic policies. Antisemitism, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14320879\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"of the sequence. The Gromov–Hausdorff space is path-connected, complete, and separable. It is also geodesic, i.e., any two of its points are the endpoints of a minimizing geodesic. In the global sense, the Gromov-Hausdorff space is totally heterogeneous, i.e., its isometry group is trivial, but locally there are many nontrivial isometries. The pointed Gromov–Hausdorff convergence is an analog of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence appropriate for non-compact spaces. A pointed metric space is a pair (\\\"X\\\",\\\"p\\\") consisting of a metric space \\\"X\\\" and point \\\"p\\\" in \\\"X\\\". A sequence (\\\"X, p\\\") of pointed metric spaces converges to a pointed metric space (\\\"Y\\\", \\\"p\\\")\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685825\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Y\\\"→\\\"M\\\". Here \\\"d\\\" denotes Hausdorff distance between subsets in \\\"M\\\" and the \\\"isometric embedding\\\" is understood in the global sense, i.e. it must preserve all distances, not only infinitesimally small ones; for example no compact Riemannian manifold admits such an embedding into Euclidean space of the same dimension. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance turns the set of all isometry classes of compact metric spaces into a metric space, called Gromov–Hausdorff space, and it therefore defines a notion of convergence for sequences of compact metric spaces, called Gromov–Hausdorff convergence. A metric space to which such a sequence converges is called the Gromov-Hausdorff limit\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685824\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Taubes's Gromov invariant\",\n \"text\": \"index for the cylindrical case, and again, the curves are pseudoholomorphic with respect to a suitable almost complex structure. The result is a topological invariant of Y, which Taubes proved is isomorphic to monopole Floer homology, a version of Seiberg–Witten homology for Y. Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6324546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Taubes's Gromov invariant\",\n \"text\": \"Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants derived from the Seiberg–Witten equations in a series of four long papers. Much of the analytical complexity connected to this invariant comes from properly counting multiply covered pseudoholomorphic curves so that the result is invariant of the choice of almost complex structure. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6324544\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)\",\n \"text\": \"apparatchiks to fill the membership of its new legislative body. Outspoken opposition leader Yeltsin obtained a seat in the Supreme Soviet only when another deputy relinquished his position. The first Congress of People's Deputies was the last moment of real control for Gorbachev over the political life of the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of People's Deputies formed under the name of the Inter-Regional Group. The members of this body included almost all of the liberal and Russian nationalist members of the opposition led by Boris Yeltsin. A primary issue for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6281487\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Dubrovin\",\n \"text\": \"systems, geometry of isomonodromic deformations, theta functions on Riemann surfaces, and nonlinear waves. Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20883983\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Dubrovin\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants, singularity theory, normal forms of integrable partial differential equations, Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20883982\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gromov–Hausdorff convergence\",\n \"text\": \"if, for each \\\"R\\\" > 0, the sequence of closed \\\"R\\\"-balls around \\\"p\\\" in \\\"X\\\" converges to the closed \\\"R\\\"-ball around \\\"p\\\" in \\\"Y\\\" in the usual Gromov–Hausdorff sense. The notion of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence was first used by Gromov to prove that any discrete group with polynomial growth is virtually nilpotent (i.e. it contains a nilpotent subgroup of finite index). See Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. (Also see D. Edwards for an earlier work.) The key ingredient in the proof was the observation that for the Cayley graph of a group with polynomial growth a sequence of rescalings\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2685826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov\",\n \"text\": \"a presentation at the International Congress of Mathematicians in France, he was not allowed to leave the USSR. Still, his lecture was published in the conference proceedings. Disagreeing with the Soviet system, he had been thinking of emigrating since the age of 14. In the early 1970s he ceased publication, hoping that this would help his application to move to Israel. He changed his last name to that of his mother. When the request was granted in 1974, he moved directly to New York where a position had been arranged for him at Stony Brook. In 1981 he left Stony\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3370078\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 October Revolution Parade\",\n \"text\": \"1989 October Revolution Parade The 1989 October Revolution Parade was a parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 7 November 1989 to commemorate the 72th anniversary of the socialist revolution in the Russian Empire in 1917. Mikhail Gorbachev the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Nikolai Ryzhkov the Premier of the Soviet Union was on Lenin's Mausoleum watching the parade. This would be the last time that Gorbachev would be at the parade in the capacity of General Secretary. General of the Army and Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov made his 3rd\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19909784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Boris Shilkov\",\n \"text\": \"Boris Shilkov Boris Arsenyevich Shilkov (; 28 June 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a speed skater. Competing for the Soviet Union, Shilkov lived in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), where he worked as an engineer. He became Soviet Allround Champion in 1953 and made his international debut three weeks later at the World Allround Championships, where he won silver behind teammate and rival Oleg Goncharenko after having just recovered from an illness. The following year (1954) he became Soviet Allround Champion again (with Goncharenko, again, winning silver), European Allround Champion (with Goncharenko finishing 4th), and World Allround Champion (with Goncharenko\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7281811\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1989 Argentine general election\",\n \"text\": \"1989 Argentine general election The Argentine general election of 1989 was held on 14 May 1989. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 85.3%, Carlos Menem won the presidency, and the Justicialist Party won the control of both houses of Congress. This is the last presidential election the president was elected by the electoral college. Inheriting a difficult legacy from his military predecessors, President Raúl Alfonsín's tenure had been practically defined by the foreign debt Argentina's last dictatorship left behind. Signs of unraveling in Alfonsín's 1985 Austral Plan for economic stabilization cost his centrist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11519252\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["afghanistan","avghanistaun","soviet-occupied afghanistan","afganhistan","afghanestan","jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye afġānestān","afghanastan","afeganistao","afgjanistan","afghanistan/article from the 1911 encyclopedia","afghanistan","afghanistan, rep. of.","afganistan","afghanistan-central asia","afghanistan (1911 encyclopedia)","afghansitan","afgahanistan","iroa","kinetic action","a-stan","afghanstan","afğānistān","afghanistan","afghānistān","i.r.o.a.","islamic republic of afghanistan","dowlat-e eslami-ye afghanestan","افغانستان","afghinastan","the graveyard of empires","affghanistan","afghanistan, i.s. of","etymology of afghanistan","the islamic republic of afghanistan","islamic transitional government of afghanistan","iso 3166-1:af","afghnistan","د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان","da afġānistān islāmī jomhoriyat","da afghanistan islami dawlat dawlat-e eslami-e afghanestan"],"string":"[\n \"afghanistan\",\n \"avghanistaun\",\n \"soviet-occupied afghanistan\",\n \"afganhistan\",\n \"afghanestan\",\n \"jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye afġānestān\",\n \"afghanastan\",\n \"afeganistao\",\n \"afgjanistan\",\n \"afghanistan/article from the 1911 encyclopedia\",\n \"afghanistan\",\n \"afghanistan, rep. of.\",\n \"afganistan\",\n \"afghanistan-central asia\",\n \"afghanistan (1911 encyclopedia)\",\n \"afghansitan\",\n \"afgahanistan\",\n \"iroa\",\n \"kinetic action\",\n \"a-stan\",\n \"afghanstan\",\n \"afğānistān\",\n \"afghanistan\",\n \"afghānistān\",\n \"i.r.o.a.\",\n \"islamic republic of afghanistan\",\n \"dowlat-e eslami-ye afghanestan\",\n \"افغانستان\",\n \"afghinastan\",\n \"the graveyard of empires\",\n \"affghanistan\",\n \"afghanistan, i.s. of\",\n \"etymology of afghanistan\",\n \"the islamic republic of afghanistan\",\n \"islamic transitional government of afghanistan\",\n \"iso 3166-1:af\",\n \"afghnistan\",\n \"د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان\",\n \"da afġānistān islāmī jomhoriyat\",\n \"da afghanistan islami dawlat dawlat-e eslami-e afghanestan\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":595,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"which politician's wife was acquitted in 1990 of defrauding us banks?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"denied the request for a DNA test. After hearing evidence in the High Court case, Judge Courtney declared that Banks is the birth father of Antony Brett Shaw. John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later","psg_id":"2979693"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later overturned. In between his tenures in Parliament, he served as Mayor of Auckland City for two terms, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2010. When seven","psg_id":"2979658"},{"title":"Edward Banks (politician)","text":"to gain a seat in the 1874 assembly, representing a Berlin constituency following a bye-election. He lost his seat in 1877, however. In May 1883 Edward Banks killed himself. Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor","psg_id":"19304561"},{"title":"Edward Banks (politician)","text":"Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor of the city. A brother in law was the writer-historian (1812-1891). He attended school in Hamburg and Lübeck, before moving on to study Law at Tübingen and Göttingen. While","psg_id":"19304559"},{"title":"Gordon Banks (politician)","text":"Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986. Banks was elected at the 2005 general election, succeeding fellow Labour MP Martin O'Neill.","psg_id":"5100330"},{"title":"Gordon Banks (politician)","text":"Banks is married with two children. He is a member of the Coeliac Society. Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986.","psg_id":"5100332"},{"title":"Jim Banks","text":"Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as a member of the Indiana Senate. Banks was first elected to serve in the state senate for the 17th district in 2010, and upon military deployment to Afghanistan, he took a leave of absence from the state senate since September 2014. Invoking an Indiana state law which allows state and local officeholders to take leaves of absence during active duty military service, Banks was temporarily replaced by his wife, Amanda Banks, who held the","psg_id":"16373205"},{"title":"Ferenc Juhász (politician)","text":"cost a ministry-owned apartment to Fapál around 2005 or 2006, which caused estimated 43 million Ft to the Ministry of Defence. Juhász said MTI his accusation was \"obviously acting on political pressure\". In February 2014, both politicians were acquitted. He is marrief. His wife is Csilla Szendrák. Ferenc Juhász (politician) Ferenc Juhász (born 6 July 1960) in Nyíregyháza, is a former Minister of Defence for Hungary. From 1990, he has been a member of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), and from 2000 the vice chairman of the party. He was the Minister of National Defense in Hungary from 27 May","psg_id":"7478623"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two eviction proceedings filed against him in 2016. During the 2012 election, Brian Banks refused to pay Sawicki & Sons, the company that made his","psg_id":"17661835"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Nov. 13 fundraiser at the American Serbian Hall in Detroit. Suggested contributions range from $41 for a ticket to $2,000 for a sponsor-level donor. Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two","psg_id":"17661854"},{"title":"William S. Taylor (politician)","text":"the Seventh Legislature convened on 2 November 1857, Taylor was the only nomination for speaker. He was elected and served until he became ill on 26 December 1857 and took leave of absence. On 18 January 1858, Taylor resigned as Speaker. Taylor died on 22 July 1858 and was buried in Larissa. One of his fifteen children with wife Elizabeth, son William S. Taylor, Jr., fought in the Battle of San Jacinto. William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas","psg_id":"9537894"},{"title":"Jonathan Banks","text":"the 2018 thriller film \"The Commuter\". Banks married his first wife in 1968. Together, they had one daughter. After his divorce in 1970, Banks married his second wife in 1990. From this marriage, they had fraternal twins. Banks also has a stepdaughter from this marriage. Jonathan Banks Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His first notable film roles were in the films \"Airplane!\", \"48 Hrs.\", and \"Beverly Hills Cop\". He has received critical acclaim for his role as former police officer turned hitman Mike Ehrmantraut in the television series \"Breaking Bad\" and its spin-off \"Better","psg_id":"4856656"},{"title":"John Banks (U.S. politician)","text":"State treasurer of Pennsylvania in 1847. He resumed the practice of law in Reading, Pennsylvania, where he died in 1864. Interment in Reading's Charles Evans Cemetery. John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth","psg_id":"9227742"},{"title":"John Banks (U.S. politician)","text":"John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served until his resignation on March 31, 1836. He became judge of the Berks judicial district from May 1836 until he resigned to become","psg_id":"9227741"},{"title":"Caleb Banks","text":"Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679. Banks stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Winchelsea in 1679 when he was under age. He was a captain of","psg_id":"15063539"},{"title":"Caleb Banks","text":"Church. Banks married Elizabeth Fortrey, daughter of Samuel Fortrey but there were no children, rendering his father's baronetcy extinct. Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679.","psg_id":"15063541"},{"title":"1990 US Open (tennis)","text":"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha","psg_id":"8180789"},{"title":"Jim Banks","text":"Banks supports allowing internet companies to release customer information with the federal government. Banks supports ending federal funding of abortions, including defunding Planned Parenthood. Banks calls banning transgender people from serving in the military as an \"emotional issue.\" He opposes the military paying for sex reassignment surgery saying that \"I don't think taxpayers should be on the hook for that.\" Banks lives in Columbia City, Indiana, with his wife Amanda and their three daughters. Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as","psg_id":"16373211"},{"title":"Jan S. Marais","text":"Marais had a wife, Peggy, who died in the 1980s, and a daughter, Carla. He resided in Durbanville. Marais died in 2009. Jan S. Marais Jan S. Marais (April 23, 1919 - 2009) was a South African banker and politician. He was the founder and chairman of the Trust Bank of Africa, one of South Africa's largest banks. He was a National member of the Parliament of South Africa, and a critic of apartheid. Jan S. Marais was born was Johannes Stephanus Marais on April 23, 1919 in Fraserburg, Northern Cape. He graduated from Stellenbosch University. Marais was the general","psg_id":"20630197"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Parliament on 13 June, ahead of sentencing on 1 August 2014. This sequence of events is drawn from the judgement in Banks' 2014 trial. Kim Dotcom and John Banks first met in April 2010, when Dotcom flew Banks to his mansion in a helicopter. They \"discussed ... Mr Dotcom’s goals. He hoped to undertake venture capital investment in this country. There was also a short discussion about Mr Dotcom’s residence application and Mr Banks offered to assist in this regard\". Banks, with his wife Amanda, visited the mansion again on 5 June. Over lunch, they discussed fundraising for his campaign.","psg_id":"2979680"},{"title":"William Banks (died 1676)","text":"four sons and three daughters. William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations","psg_id":"16403776"},{"title":"William Banks (died 1676)","text":"William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations from 1662 to 1663. From","psg_id":"16403774"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Dotcom offered $50,000 towards the campaign. Kim, his wife Mona Dotcom, and their head of security Wayne Tempero all gave evidence that Banks asked for the donation to be split and remain anonymous. All three told the court that Banks explained this would make it easier for him to \"help\" Dotcom in the future. Justice Wylie found each of them to be \"reliable and credible\" witnesses. Amanda Banks initially denied any discussion of the campaign or donations at the same lunch, but this changed under cross-examination. John Banks' evidence was different again, suggesting that they discussed donations of amounts up","psg_id":"2979681"},{"title":"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury)","text":"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury) Jacob Banks (27 Feb. 1704–1738), of Milton Abbas, Dorset, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1726 and 1738. Banks was the second son of Sir Jacob Bancks (or Banks), of [Milton Abbas, and his wife Mary Tregonwell, only surviving daughter of John Tregonwell, MP of Milton Abbas. Banks’s father was originally a Swedish diplomat who served in the Royal Navy, and his mother was formerly married to Francis Luttrell . His father died in December 1724 and when his brother died unmarried in 1725, Banks inherited the manor of","psg_id":"20996844"},{"title":"Gladys E. Banks","text":"Gladys E. Banks Gladys E. Banks (July 2, 1897 – November 5, 1972) was an American politician from New York. She was born on July 2, 1897, in the Bronx. She married John W. Banks. She was a member of the New York State Assembly (Bronx Co., 11th D.) from 1945 to 1950, sitting in the 165th, 166th and 167th New York State Legislatures. In November 1950, she ran for re-election, but was defeated by Democrat Clarke S. Ryan. In November 1952, she defeated Ryan who ran for re-election. She was again a member of the State Assembly in 1953","psg_id":"17984357"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Mallard laid a complaint about a $15,000 donation from SkyCity, listed as anonymous by Banks. Days later, Dotcom himself told \"The New Zealand Herald\" and TV3's \"Campbell Live\" program about his own donations, saying that the $50,000 was split at Banks' request, that the cheques were written out in the presence of Banks, and that Banks called him a few days later to thank him. Two complaints, including another from Mallard, were made to the police about the Dotcom donations. (Like Mallard, the second complainant had also raised the SkyCity donations.) The Police subsequently investigated, interviewing a number of people","psg_id":"2979685"},{"title":"Nathaniel P. Banks","text":"Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were noted by the Democratic Party. But his abolitionist views fitted him better for the nascent Republican Party, through which he became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Governor of Massachusetts in the 1850s. Always a political chameleon (for which he was criticized by contemporaries), Banks was the first professional politician (with no","psg_id":"1327391"},{"title":"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks","text":"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was educated at prep school in Harrow and University College School in Hampstead. During the Second World War he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery. In 1948 he married Barbara Wells who in 1987 was awarded the OBE for services to the Women's Liberal Federation. They had two sons, Alistair Richard Harvie Banks (b. 1951) and Graham Thornton Harvie Banks (b. 1953). Banks was a life insurance","psg_id":"11832682"},{"title":"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727)","text":"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727) Joseph Banks (6 September 1665 – 27 September 1727), of Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire, was an English lawyer, financial speculator and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1727. Banks was the second son of Robert Banks of Beck Hall, Giggleswick, Yorkshire and his wife Margaret Frankland, daughter of John Frankland of Rathmell, Yorkshire. He was articled to a solicitor. He married, Mary Hancock, the daughter of Rev. Rowland Hancock, a dissenting minister of Shircliffe Hall, near Sheffield, in 1689. At some time, he moved to live as a country attorney at","psg_id":"18680118"},{"title":"Aaron Banks","text":"Banks said that she was constantly nagging him to settle down. Banks' second wife was a show girl, but the marriage quickly dissolved again due to the difference in salary. Banks earned around $40 a week and his wife $1000 a week. It was shortly after this that he was employed at the record store where an infamous incident changed his life. He died May 2, 2013. Banks had a dream to become an actor, which was not fulfilled to his liking. At the age of 19, Aaron Banks decided his job was to be an actor. He charged in","psg_id":"15184322"},{"title":"Acquitted (1929 film)","text":"Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a screenplay by Keene Thompson. The film stars Lloyd Hughes, Margaret Livingston, and Sam Hardy, and was released by Columbia Pictures on November 15, 1929. Marian is sent to prison for a crime she did not commit. While there she meets fellow convict, Dr. Bradford, who has also been wrongly convicted of a murder. Marion believes his innocence and falls in love with him. Bradford tells her that it was Egan who framed him. Meanwhile, Egan has fallen in love with Marian, and when Marian","psg_id":"20358909"},{"title":"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks","text":"group within the Liberal Party to prevent what many saw as a rightward drift by the party, and its potential capture by the economic liberals. The Group campaigned under the slogan 'social reform without socialism'. Banks was a strong pro-European, a founder member and one time chairman of the Liberal European Action Group and was President of the British Council of the European Movement from 1986 to 1994. Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was","psg_id":"11832685"},{"title":"Kota Banks","text":"Las Vegas performs using Banks on vocals. In March her single, \"Zoom\", was premiered on Triple J's \"Good Nights\" and subsequently received high rotation on the national youth radio station. Triple J's Al Newstead declared, \"this [track] has grown on us hard. It's a fun, flirty mix of dancehall and pop elevated by the fanciful production.\" Banks released her debut extended play, \"Prize\" (styled as \"PRIZE\"), in mid-2018, as a ten-track mix tape. It was produced by Omerhodic, who shared the song writing with Banks on most of its tracks. \"AltMedia\"s Jamie Apps rated it at three-and-a-half stars and explained,","psg_id":"20834409"},{"title":"Acquitted (1929 film)","text":"it a \"strong melodrama\", although they found the moral of the story less than desirable, saying that \"it glorifies a crook and a murderer\". They felt the script and direction created an atmosphere of tense suspense. They particularly singled out the acting work of Sam Hardy. The \"Motion Picture News\" also enjoyed the film, calling it a \"Good Crime Drama\". They complimented Lloyd Hughes and Margaret Livingston, while saying that they were outshone by Hardy, although they felt the plot was a bit hackneyed. Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a","psg_id":"20358913"},{"title":"Sydney Banks","text":"he became co-founder and executive producer. By the mid 1970s, Banks had created, produced and sometimes directed over 450 films and TV programs plus innumerable TV commercials. On leaving Global, he became a founder and director of the Toronto cable firm CUC Broadcasting, which became one of the largest cable systems in the Greater Toronto area, and was eventually sold to Shaw Cable in 1994. During the 1980s and 1990s, Banks was president of S Banks Group Inc which includes Ennerdale Productions and S. Banks (in-television) Limited. During this period of time, he travelled around the world doing business in","psg_id":"9178561"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"seat for the remainder of his parliamentary career with the National Party. When National won the 1990 election, Banks entered Cabinet, becoming Minister of Police, Minister of Tourism, and Minister of Sport. While Minister of Police, he was fined $750 for answering his cell phone on a commercial flight in 1991. On the final reading of New Zealand's 1986 Homosexual Law Reform, John Banks said that \"This day will be remembered as a sad and sickening day for New Zealand. A very black cloud tonight and those members who wheel themselves through the doors of the Ayes lobby to vote","psg_id":"2979662"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"his company would win a multimillion-dollar contract, federal documents show. Along the way, Fiore appeared to have gotten help from Banks. \"Fiore is involved in bid-rigging with legislator Brian Banks,\" Special FBI Agent Robert Beeckman wrote in 2016 affidavit, which included intercepted text messages and phone calls between Fiore and Banks. According to the affidavit, in a May 5, 2016, phone conversation, Fiore and Banks spoke about the MDOT contract when Banks mentioned Fiore's political \"might.\" \"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you ... They said: 'We don't want to mess with that force,' \" Banks said. Fiore","psg_id":"17661842"},{"title":"Pompeia (wife of Caesar)","text":"trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that \"my wife ought not even to be under suspicion.\" This gave rise to a proverb, sometimes expressed: \"Caesar's wife must be above suspicion.\" Pompeia (wife of Caesar) Pompeia (\"fl.\" 1st century BC) was the second wife of Julius Caesar. Her parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla. Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC, after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died the previous year in giving birth to her son","psg_id":"4049181"},{"title":"Wife selling","text":"which she \"was kidnapped by a brothel-master\", who later \"sold her ... [to] her husband's new employer ... who ... the couple\". In 1990, in Central Nepal, mainly in rural areas, one song, a \"dukha\", which is a \"suffering/hardship\" song that \"provide[s] ... an interpretation of women's hardships\", \"underscore[d] ... the limited resources and rights of a wife caught in a bad marriage\". Sung from a daughter's perspective, the song in part said, \"[The wife says] You don't need to return home after drinking there in the evening.\"/\"In Pokhara bazaar, [there is] an electricity line,\"/\"The household property is not mine.\"/\"The","psg_id":"15382226"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"businessmen's affidavits could be considered. In May 2015, the Court of Appeal reversed its decision to order a retrial when a new document was disclosed. The document included the affidavits from the two witnesses, confirming that Kim Dotcom and his then-wife Mona had fabricated their version of the events when giving evidence. An amendment to local electoral laws nicknamed the 'John Banks bill' passed its first reading in November 2012. It tightens restrictions on campaign donations, and was directly inspired by the 'anonymous' donations to Banks' 2010 mayoralty campaign. The Local Electoral Amendment Bill passed its third reading and became","psg_id":"2979689"},{"title":"Dennis Banks","text":"a federal grand jury for aiding and abetting the murder of Aquash; he was alleged to have provided John Graham with a gun. He was acquitted of the charge. In 1975, he had been serving as one of Banks' bodyguards. Aquash was brought to Marshall's house on the Pine Ridge Reservation in December 1975 before being taken to the site of her murder. Authorities continue to investigate the Aquash murder. In 2014, \"The New York Times Magazine\" spoke to Banks for an in-depth feature about the murders of Aquash and Robinson. During his time in California from 1976 to 1983,","psg_id":"4620872"},{"title":"Azealia Banks","text":"the tracks \"Jumanji\", \"Aquababe\", and \"Nathan\" (featuring rapper Styles P) were made available online. \"Fantasea\" was released via Banks' Twitter account on July 11, and was succeeded by the unveiling of Banks' online radio project, \"Kunt.FM\" the following week. Banks' first EP, \"1991\", was released in the UK on May 28 and in the US the following day. The 4-track EP, which includes \"212\", was not eligible for the \"UK Albums\" chart, but the title track charted at #79 on the \"UK Singles\" chart. It also reached 133 on the US 200, while reaching #17 on the \"US R&B/Hip-Hop\" chart,","psg_id":"16100263"},{"title":"Dennis Banks","text":"found questionable accounting practices, but no evidence of criminal offenses. As a result of involvement in Custer and Wounded Knee, Banks and 300 others were arrested by the federal government and faced trial. He was acquitted of the Wounded Knee charges, but was convicted of incitement to riot and assault stemming from the earlier confrontation at Custer. Refusing the prison term, Banks went underground and organized a small armed AIM group. It included Anna Mae Pictou Aquash, considered the highest-ranking woman in AIM. About this time, the two were also involved in a personal relationship. After disappearing from Denver in","psg_id":"4620869"},{"title":"The Man Who Hated Banks","text":"The Man Who Hated Banks The Man Who Hated Banks (full name The Man Who Hated Banks and other mysteries) is a collection of mystery stories by the British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 1997 by the American company Crippen & Landru. As the back cover of the book tells us, it was \"published in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of Michael Gilbert's first book.\" Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was","psg_id":"19726878"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"ruling that the key question was not why Banks may have been charged, but whether he committed the crimes alleged in the charges. In February 2017, Brian Banks reached a plea agreement with the Attorney General's office in which all felony counts against were dropped in exchange for his immediate resignation from the Michigan House of Representatives and pleading guilty to one misdemeanor. Banks announced his formal resignation in Wayne County Circuit Court on February 6, 2017. In December 2017, the Detroit Free Press obtained FBI wiretap transcripts that were unsealed in U.S. District Court. The investigation is linked to","psg_id":"17661840"},{"title":"Edward S. Rogers Jr.","text":"Robinson), and their wedding took place on September 25, 1963. Her father was Roland Robinson, 1st Baron Martonmere, who was a British politician and former Governor of Bermuda. Rogers and his wife had four children together: Lisa, Edward, Melinda and Martha. He is a direct descendant of Timothy Rogers, the founder of Newmarket, Ontario and Pickering, Ontario. On October 25, 1990, Rogers was appointed to the grade of Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2006, he was inducted into Canada's Telecommunications Hall of Fame, along with his father, Edward S. Rogers Sr. In 2000, Rogers and his wife Loretta","psg_id":"4326333"},{"title":"Azealia Banks","text":"Banks forcefully arguing with the flight attendant, in which she at one point called the Delta employee a \"fucking faggot\". On November 10, 2015, it was reported Banks was under investigation by the Los Angeles Police Department following an altercation involving the rapper and a security guard at L.A. club Break Room 86. Later that year, Banks was arrested in New York after attacking a female security guard. In March 2016, Sarah Palin threatened a lawsuit against Banks in response to a series of tweets where she attacked the politician, calling for \"the biggest burliest blackest negroes\" to \"run a","psg_id":"16100283"},{"title":"Sydney Banks","text":"US border stations for Canadian consumption. He established the first TV commercial production unit in Canada and also in 1949 the first TV department for a major Canadian ad agency. In 1952, as Canada began TV broadcasting, Banks expanded into Canadian television program production. In 1955, he joined the late Spence Caldwell at S. W. Caldwell Ltd as executive producer, and ran the Rank organisation's Queensway Studios. He then moved to Foster Advertising, where he started their television advertising department. This involved frequent travel to the States, where he produced commercials for Carling. Banks was also the principal founder of","psg_id":"9178558"},{"title":"Joseph Banks","text":"This backing led to the Rum Rebellion in Sydney, whereby governor was overthrown by the two men. This became an embarrassment for Sir Joseph Banks also because years earlier he campaigned that John Macarthur not be granted 10,000 acres of land near Sydney in the cow pastures, which was later granted by Lord Camden. The next governor, Lachlan Macquarie was asked to arrest Macarthur and Johnston, only to realise that they had left Sydney for London to defend themselves. What was humiliating was that Macarthur and Johnston were acquitted from all charges in London and both later returned to Sydney.","psg_id":"509381"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"phone last year. Campaign finance records show both Jennifer Fiore and Gasper Fiore donated to Banks House campaign against Pamela Sossi. Brian Banks has falsely claimed to be an attorney, leading Wayne County Sheriff Benny Napoleon to endorse him. Sheriff Napoleon's spokesman Dennis Niemiec said the Sheriff was unaware of Banks' felony convictions and Sheriff Napoleon said he did not previously know about Banks' felonies. The State Bar of Michigan has no record of Banks ever being licensed to practice law in Michigan. Brian Banks campaign website previously stated that he was on staff at the law firm Rodnick, Unger","psg_id":"17661844"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"firm to defend Banks against the charges of sexual harassment. The lawsuit was later settled for $11,950. On June 28, 2016, Brian Banks was charged with three new felonies and one misdemeanor by Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette over documents he falsified, to obtain a personal loan in June 2010. Because of his previous felony convictions, Banks was charged as a habitual offender and could have faced life in prison if convicted of the new felonies. In August 2016, Banks was bound over to Wayne County Circuit Court for trial on all charges by District Court Judge Deborah Langston. Banks","psg_id":"17661837"},{"title":"1990 US Open (tennis)","text":"Zvereva / Jim Pugh 6–4, 6–2 Andrea Gaudenzi defeated Mikael Tillström 6–2, 4–6, 7–6 Magdalena Maleeva defeated Noëlle van Lottum 7–5, 6–2 Sébastien Leblanc / Greg Rusedski defeated Marten Renström / Mikael Tillström 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Kristin Godridge / Kirrily Sharpe defeated Erika deLone / Lisa Raymond 4–6, 7–5, 6–2 Sandy Mayer defeated Tom Gullikson 6–4, 6–4 Tom Gullikson / Dick Stockton defeated Mark Edmondson / Sherwood Stewart 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Wendy Turnbull / Virginia Wade 2–6, 6–4, 6–3 Total prize money for the event was $6,349,250. 1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990","psg_id":"8180790"},{"title":"Till There Was You (1990 film)","text":"arrives only to find Charlie dead, and becomes involved with his late brother's partner, Viv, and Viv's unhappy wife, Anna. According to producer Jim McElroy, the aim of the movie was to make an adventure film in the style of \"Elephant Walk\" (1954) or \"To Have and Have Not\" (1944). It marked the directorial debut of highly regarded cinematographer John Seale. Dennis Quaid was originally rumoured to play the lead. Half the budget was provided by the FFC, whose contribution amounted to $6,326,711. The film was shot from 6 November 1989 to 19 January 1990. Till There Was You (1990","psg_id":"6351823"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Despite a number of controversies, Brian Banks defeated Scott Benson by 96 votes to win the 2012 Democrat Primary. Although only receiving 42% of the vote in the 2014 Primary, Banks was re-elected. During the August 2016 Primary Election, Brian Banks narrowly defended a challenge for his seat by Harper Woods attorney Pamela Sossi, a first time candidate. Despite Banks significant fundraising advantage, Sossi led the race throughout the night until last minute votes were reported, giving Banks a narrow victory. Sossi swept the suburbs, winning Harper Woods, Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores, while Banks won Detroit. According","psg_id":"17661847"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"a paternity claim. In the High Court proceedings, Shaw said his mother Pamela Mayes told him he was conceived during a relationship she had with Banks in 1969, and that when she told Banks she was pregnant that he had ended the relationship. In a sworn affidavit, Mayes alleged that Banks procured drugs that would make her miscarry, and pressured her into taking the necessary dosage, which she refused to do. In 1999 Mayes told Shaw his real father was John Banks. First Mayes and later Shaw contacted Banks to request confirmation of paternity but this was denied. Banks also","psg_id":"2979692"},{"title":"Joseph Banks","text":"Dilettanti which helped to establish the Royal Academy. Banks was born on Argyle Street in London to William Banks, a wealthy Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. He had a younger sister, Sarah Sophia Banks, born in 1744. Banks was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9 and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included his future shipmate Constantine Phipps. As a boy, Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When he was 17, he","psg_id":"509364"},{"title":"Gary George (Oregon politician)","text":"Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative Kim Thatcher led an unsuccessful effort in 2008 to","psg_id":"12407139"},{"title":"Gary George (Oregon politician)","text":"repeal gay rights legislation passed by the 2007 legislature. Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative","psg_id":"12407140"},{"title":"Willie Banks (musician)","text":"was \"For The Wrong I've Done\" for which he was nominated for a Grammy in 1980. Banks stayed with HSE Records until they changed their name to Black Label. Three projects were released on this label. Willie Banks moved over to Malaco Records in the mid 80's. He penned \"Look at the Blessings\" in 1986 with Malaco. He would release thirteen albums with them, four of them placing on the Billboard magazine Top Gospel Albums chart: \"For The Wrong I Done\" (1978), \"Mother Why\" (1980), \"The Legend Lives On\" (1992) and 1993's \"The Best of Willie Banks\", which was released","psg_id":"18700376"},{"title":"Jasmyn Banks","text":"Guvnors\" from 2014 until 2015. She will be starring in the horror film The Spiritualist, which is currently in post-production. Jasmyn Banks Jasmyn Grace Banks (born 20 August 1990) is an English actress. A graduate of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts and YPTC RAaW London Banks has acted in stage productions since 2005 and she has had roles in various television productions since 2006. She was cast as Alice Branning in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2012, making her screen debut on 10 May that year. She departed the show on 24 December 2013. Banks trained at","psg_id":"16605546"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"was formally arraigned in Circuit Court on August 23. In July 2016 Kevin Trayer, the Postmaster of the Richland Post Office, investigated Brian Banks for mail fraud, concerning mail pieces that listed defunct Political Action Committees in the required political disclaimer. The pieces attacked Banks Primary opponent Pamela Sossi and echoed claims Banks had made while knocking doors. The former legislators tied to the dissolved PAC's had no ties to Brian Banks and denied allowing him to use the PAC's for any purpose. On September 15, 2016, Michigan Secretary of State Ruth Johnson ruled that Brian Banks used House funds","psg_id":"17661838"},{"title":"The Machines: Simple Machines 7\"s (1990–1993)","text":"as well as two rants by Juliana Luecking, one of which is spoken in a fake Baltimore accent. It also contains two songs by Geek called \"Herasure\" and \"Hemingway Shotgun\", the latter of which Allmusic has mistakenly referred to as \"Hemingway \"Station\"\". The Machines: Simple Machines 7\"s (1990–1993) Simple Machines 7\"s 1990–1993 also known as The Machines is a compilation album created by Simple Machines records. The compilation consisted of six of the earliest EPs; Wedge (SMR 01; 1990), Wheel (SMR 02; 1990), Pulley (SMR 03; 1991), Screw (SMR 04; 1991), Lever (SMR 05; 1992), and Inclined Plane (SMR 06;","psg_id":"11137457"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"responded: \"Mmmmmm yeah. Does that mean, So what they doing with the deal then?\" Banks: \"So, you good so far. You hear me.\" On May 26, a phone call between Gasper Fiore and Banks again discussed the MDOT contract. \"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you,\" Banks stated. Fiore laughed in response. \"They said you – 'We, we don't want to mess with that force behind you.'\" Later in the conversation, Banks again reassures Fiore: \"You know with the MDOT, you good.\" The conversation between Banks and Fiore was among many that the government obtained after bugging Fiore's","psg_id":"17661843"},{"title":"Pet banks","text":"Jackson. By 1833 there were 23 \"pet banks\" or state banks with US Treasury funds. The term gained currency because most of the banks were chosen not because of monetary fitness but on the basis of the spoils system, which rewarded political allies of Andrew Jackson. Most pet banks eventually lost money and didn't succeed in their investments. The pet banks and smaller \"wildcat\" banks flooded the country with paper currency. Because this money became so unreliable, Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required all public lands to be purchased with gold and/or silver. This contributed to the Panic of","psg_id":"5314718"},{"title":"Colin Banks","text":"at Maidstone. With John Miles, he was the Production Editor of \"Which?\", and associated magazines, from 1964 to 1993. Banks was an influential designer, and his Telecom (T) identity, created for British Telecommunications when it was instituted in 1981, spawned many imitators. Its replacement by Wolff Olins' BT \"piper\" was received with much derision in 1991. Banks received a prestigious RSA/BBC Design Award in 1990, for the paper-saving redesign of the UK's Phonebook. Miles and Banks designed the UK Post Office's distinctive \"double-line\" alphabet in 1972 and New Johnston, a revival of Edward Johnston's \"Underground Sans\", for London Transport. They","psg_id":"7264996"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"the FBI. During the November 8 General Election, Banks received 66 percent of the vote over engineer William Broman, his Republican challenger. On February 6, 2017, just 26 days into his third term in the Michigan House of Representatives, Brian Banks resigned his seat to avoid prison time. By 9 am, February 8, 2017, Banks was sending e-mails to supporters inviting them to a March 6 fundraiser for his PAC, Bank on Banks for Michigan, leading to speculation that he would be running for future office, or financially backing his chosen successor. The fundraiser was held at Sinbad's restaurant in","psg_id":"17661849"},{"title":"In Which We Serve","text":"leads to a flashback in which Blake remembers how he met his wife-to-be, Freda, on a train while on leave. It is also revealed that she is related to the \"Torrin\"'s affable Chief Petty Officer Hardy (Miles). When both men return to sea, Freda moves in with CPO Hardy's wife and mother-in-law. The \"Torrin\" participates in the Dunkirk evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force, (portrayed in the film by the 5th Battalion of the Coldstream Guards). Meanwhile, the nightly Blitz takes its toll on British towns. Blake soon gets a letter from home to say that Freda has given birth","psg_id":"832902"},{"title":"A. Doris Banks Henries","text":"Education. She rose to the rank of Assistant Minister of Education in 1978. Banks Henries wrote a biography of Liberian president William V. S. Tubman, published in 1967. She also edited collections of Liberian poetry (1963), and of Liberian folklore (1967). In her work as a government official, she was credited as author of many official reports, textbooks, and books about Liberia for young readers. She served as president of the Society of Liberian Authors. In 1942, Doris Banks married Richard Abrom Henries, a Liberian government official whose first wife was Angie Brooks. Her husband, Speaker of the Liberian House","psg_id":"19297186"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"or resources to mail invitations to an event advocating for his re-election, a violation of section 57 of the Michigan Campaign Finance Act. As a result, Banks was required to personally reimburse the Michigan House of Representatives for the materials and labor misused. In December 2016, Brian Banks filed a motion to have Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette's office disqualified from the case, again claiming that the charges brought against him were politically motivated collusion between Pamela Sossi and the Attorney General, timed to ensure Banks lost his bid for re-election. Wayne County Circuit Judge Michael Hathaway dismissed Banks motion,","psg_id":"17661839"},{"title":"Andrew Banks","text":"(World presidents' Organisation) following on from membership of YPO (Young presidents' Organisation) which he joined in 1988. Together with Geoff Morgan, Andrew Banks has authored four books on recruiting: Banks resides with his wife in Los Angeles, where his children and their families live. In 2015, Andrew Banks, together with Geoff Morgan, was voted equal first in an industry poll of The 5 Most Influential People in the Recruitment Industry in the past 60 years. In 2014, Andrew Banks and Geoff Morgan were inaugural inductees to the Recruitment International (Australia) Recruitment Industry Hall of Fame, for individuals who have made","psg_id":"18938126"},{"title":"Nick Banks","text":"of Pulp's performances in Sheffield and eventually joined the group in 1986. He joined because they were his favourite band. Banks also played drums in a Sheffield-based band called Pollinates. Since 2007 he has been managing Banks Pottery, a family-owned business which was previously run by his mother. He also plays regularly in Sheffield's Everly Pregnant Brothers and remains a member of Pulp. Nick Banks Nicholas David Banks (born 28 July 1965 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire) is the English drummer in the British band, Pulp. He lives in Sheffield with his wife Sarah and two children, Jackson and Jeannie. He","psg_id":"5814161"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"to $200,000, or even funding for the entire campaign, but not in great detail. Banks claimed to have suggested a single $25,000 donation, which could remain anonymous. Later, Banks thanked Dotcom for his support over the phone. He never discussed Dotcom's donation with his campaign team. Results were declared on 14 October, confirming Banks' loss to Len Brown. After the campaign Lance Hutchison, JP, a volunteer member of Banks' campaign team, completed the electoral return. Hutchison decided which donations to record as anonymous, including all five of the $25,000 donations the campaign received. Unlike Banks, Hutchison had no way of","psg_id":"2979682"},{"title":"Joseph Banks","text":"Parkinson and appear in Banks' Florilegium, finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990. Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage, which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about Banks' scientific requirements on board Cook's new ship, \"Resolution\". The Admiralty regarded Banks' demands as unacceptable and without prior warning withdrew his permission to sail. In July of the same year he and Daniel Solander visited the Isle of Wight, Iceland and the western islands of Scotland. aboard \"Sir Lawrence\" and returned","psg_id":"509371"},{"title":"Jeff Banks (musician)","text":"the \"Billboard\" magazine Gospel Albums chart, \"Lord Lift Me Up\" in 1984, 1987's \"Caught up in the Rapture\", 1989's \"The Storm Is Over\", \"He's All over Me\" in 1993. Banks was born on June 7, 1927 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as Jeff Willie Banks. His brother, Charles O. Davis, was born two years later, which both of them were mentored in music as soloist by Mary Johnson Davis from 1947 until 1953. They departed to for the Famous Banks Brothers, and relocated to Newark, New Jersey, where they were both compelled to become ministers by God and start and lead their","psg_id":"18700522"},{"title":"Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia","text":"of the suspected thief fired at them, striking Doyle in the chest and killing him instantly. Although the wife was arrested and tried for the murder, she was acquitted. Officer Doyle was a veteran of the Civil War, having served in the US Navy, and had been with the MPD for five years. He was 38 years old at the time of his death and was survived by his wife and three children. He was buried in Congressional Cemetery. The MPD also has the unique historical fact of having arrested a sitting U.S. President. During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant","psg_id":"4320779"},{"title":"Gordon Banks (musician)","text":"Lifetime\", which included unfinished recordings Gaye had done between 1971 and 1982. Among the 1982 recordings included leftover \"Midnight Love\" tracks such as \"Sanctified Lady\", which was essentially a demo, with Harvey Fuqua adding in background vocalists, and Banks adding in electro-funk influences. Banks produced another unfinished \"Midnight Love\" track, \"Masochistic Beauty\", which was a biographical account of Gaye's penchant for S&M. Banks played vocoder background vocals on the track. Banks also finished production on a 1978 demo, \"Savage in the Sack\". David Ritz later contended that Gaye wouldn't have wanted the songs to be released but due to CBS","psg_id":"11166991"},{"title":"Grand Banks of Newfoundland","text":"which resulted in extensive damage to transatlantic cables and generated a rare Atlantic tsunami that struck the south coast of Newfoundland and eastern Cape Breton Island, claiming 28 lives in the Burin Peninsula. Technological advances in fishing such as large factory ships and sonar, as well as geopolitical disputes over territorial sea and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries, have led to overfishing and a serious decline in the fish stocks of the Grand Banks from around 1990. Canada's EEZ currently occupies the majority of the Grand Banks except for the lucrative \"nose\" (eastern extremity, near the Flemish Cap) and \"tail\"","psg_id":"2221166"},{"title":"Doug Banks","text":"his show to American Urban Radio Networks and renamed it \"The Doug Banks Show\". Banks also hosted some editions of \"NASCAR Now\" on ESPN2. He also made a guest appearance on the sitcom \"My Wife and Kids\" as Tom Miller, a friend of Michael Kyle who is tragically killed after being hit by a taxi (offscreen). The death of Tom makes Michael paranoid and overly sensitive about his own life. Banks died from complications of diabetes and kidney failure on April 11, 2016. Banks is survived by a wife, three daughters and a son. Doug Banks Calvin Douglas \"Doug\" Banks","psg_id":"5644385"},{"title":"Peter Blackmore (politician)","text":"Peter Blackmore (politician) Peter Terrence Blackmore (born 11 February 1945) is an Australian politician and former Mayor of the City of Maitland. Born to George and Kathleen Blackmore, he attended Newcastle Technical High School and became a salesman, covering fields such as real estate and catering. From 1974 to 1990, he owned a service station. Blackmore has two daughters with his second wife, Lynette Ruth Steel. He also has two sons Rodney and Simon peter with his first wife. In 1986 he was elected Mayor of Maitland, a position he held until 1990, and was reelected to the position of","psg_id":"14822928"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"campaign signs. During the 2012 Primary Election, Brian Banks was evicted from a home in Harper Woods at 19239 Berden by landlord Michele Wood, who took him to court three times for writing bad checks and not paying rent. After the 2012 General Election, Brian Banks was evicted from his Harper Woods home at 20927 Fleetwood when he bounced two checks to landlord Dan Sylvester. In 2013, Brian Banks was sued for sexual harassment by his Legislative Aide, Mr. Tramaine Cotton. According to Tim Bowlin, director of the House Business Office, the state paid $85,622 to the Dickinson Wright law","psg_id":"17661836"},{"title":"Sydney Banks","text":"a variety of different industries. While in the eighties and nineties Banks cut back on his business activities to look after his ailing wife Shirley, he remained in close touch with the film business, and, after Shirley's passing, on January 6, 1995, he resumed full-time activities in film and television. In 1998 he was executive producer of the Canadian film \"Heart of the Sun\", whose cast included Christianne Hirt, Michael Riley and Graham Greene, and which was produced by his company Ennerdale Productions. Banks also maintained a home in Palm Springs, California. Syd Banks died in Toronto on November 14,","psg_id":"9178562"},{"title":"Pasco banks","text":"and sailfish. Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\" S latitude and 174°","psg_id":"15038227"},{"title":"Pasco banks","text":"Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\" S latitude and 174° 25' 00\"","psg_id":"15038223"},{"title":"Nathaniel P. Banks","text":"Waltham's Central Square, and Banks Street in New Orleans is named after him, as is Banks Court in Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood. The incorporated village of Banks, Michigan was named for him in 1871. The Gale-Banks House, his home in Waltham from 1855 to his death, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were","psg_id":"1327447"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"Ballots. Ultimately, Brian Banks was able to take advantage of unusually low voter turnout to utilize his political and financial network to guide Yancey to a 198-vote victory, ensuring that she would replace him in the Michigan House of Representatives due to the voter registration of the District. In August 2017, Brian Banks filed candidate paperwork to run for the Michigan State Senate 2nd District seat in anticipation of a resignation by Bert Johnson, who has been federally indicted for corruption. According to the invitation obtained by the Detroit News, Banks is set to kick off his campaign with a","psg_id":"17661853"},{"title":"Brian Banks (politician)","text":"independently waived by the Superintendent and School Board. During the 2012 General Election, the Grosse Pointe Democrats refused to endorse Brian Banks, despite his request for the endorsement and the fact that he was the Democratic candidate. During Brian Banks tenure in the Michigan House of Representatives, members of the Michigan Democratic Party had over 190 pieces of legislation signed into law. Despite being Chairman of the Detroit Caucus, 91 percent of Brian Banks bills died in committee during the same period of time. Only 2 of his bills ever received votes on the floor and neither passed into law.","psg_id":"17661846"},{"title":"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results","text":"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results These are the results of the 1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics which took place from 14 to 16 September 1990 at Vila Olímpica in Manaus, Brazil. Heat 1 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Heat 2 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Final – 16 September
Wind: +1.2 m/s Heat 1 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Heat 2 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Final – 15 September
Wind: +0.3 m/s Heat 1 – 14 September
Heat 2 – 14 September
Final Standings – 14 September
There was no proper 400m final.","psg_id":"18660440"},{"title":"Norman Banks (bishop)","text":"Norman Banks (bishop) Norman Banks (born 4 April 1954) is an Anglican bishop. Since 2011, he has been the Bishop of Richborough, the provincial episcopal visitor for the eastern half of the Church of England Province of Canterbury. Banks was born on 4 April 1954. He studied at Oriel College, Oxford before then studying for ordination at St Stephen's House, Oxford. He was an assistant curate at Christ Church and St Ann's, Newcastle from 1982 to 1987 and priest in charge until 1990. He was Vicar of St Paul's, Whitley Bay, from 1990 until 2000. Latterly he was Vicar of","psg_id":"15614437"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"time, rumours suggested that he might return to national politics, standing as a candidate either for the National Party or ACT New Zealand. Several meetings took place between Banks and senior ACT members. In the end, however, Banks declined to become an ACT candidate. In February 2005, Banks returned to talkback radio reprising his \"Breakfast with Banksie\" early morning radio show on Radio Pacific. Banks has expressed many views that were homophobic. When hosting a talk back radio show, a caller said that \"six inches of barbed wire shoved up gay mens arses\" which John Banks retorted, would be a","psg_id":"2979668"},{"title":"Freddie Banks","text":"is still behind that three-point line.\" In 2010, Banks was also inducted into the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. As of 2018, Banks was Head Boy's Basketball Coach at Canyon Springs High School, in Las Vegas, with his wife and seven children. Freddie Banks Freddie Banks (born March 6, 1965) is an American former collegiate and professional basketball player. Banks attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and is a member of the UNLV Athletics Hall of Fame. Banks was the first pick of the second round (#24 overall) of the 1987 NBA Draft by the Detroit Pistons. Banks","psg_id":"20643634"},{"title":"J. B. Banks","text":"for which he received five years probation, 300 hours of court-ordered community service, and a prohibition from holding any elected or appointed office while on probation. In 2003, he died at a Las Vegas hospital's emergency room of natural causes at the age of 79. J. B. Banks J. B. \"Jet\" Banks (c. 1924 - October 12, 2003) was an American Democrat politician who served in the Missouri Senate and in the Missouri legislature for three decades. Banks, the son of a sharecropper, rose to become state senate majority leader, making him Missouri's highest-ranking black elected official. Born in or","psg_id":"20740771"},{"title":"Cyril Banks","text":"Cyril Banks Colonel Cyril Banks MBE (12 August 1901 – 23 October 1969) was a British engineer, company director, and politician. He was a Conservative Party representative, but his friendship with President Nasser and Egypt led him to sacrifice his career over the invasion of Suez. Banks was born in Sheffield, to a lower-middle-class family. He was sent to a council school, and then became an apprentice in mechanical engineering for five years. In 1922 he went to the University of Sheffield to study, and became an Associate in Mechanical Engineering. Banks was then employed by the Standard Motor Company","psg_id":"11047034"},{"title":"Sarah Sophia Banks","text":"Sarah Sophia Banks Sarah Sophia Banks (28 October 1744 – 27 September 1818) was an English antiquarian collector and sister and collaborator of botanist Joseph Banks. She collected coins and medals and ephemera which are now historically valuable like broadsheets, newspaper clippings, visiting cards, prints, advertisements and playbills. She was born on 28 October 1744 at 30 Argyll Street in Soho, the daughter of William Banks, the MP for Grampound, and his wife Sarah. She \"discussed questions of plant biology with her brother...\" and \"...influenced him greatly.\" Many \"of her ideas made their way into his writings [and she] also","psg_id":"7923832"},{"title":"John Banks (New Zealand politician)","text":"Zealand First supporters. There was intense media interest in what was on the recording but the Herald refused to publish the recording – which became known as the Teapot Tape. The ACT Party attracted only 1.07% of the party vote in the election. However, Banks won the Epsom electorate and become the party's sole MP. Party leader Don Brash resigned shortly thereafter and in February 2012, Banks was unanimously voted ACT party leader by the ACT board. Banks served as Minister of Regulatory Reform, Minister for Small Business, Associate Minister of Commerce and Associate Minister of Education in the Fifth","psg_id":"2979677"},{"title":"Thomas S. Smith (politician)","text":"Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was born on December 14, 1917, and attended Howard University, majoring in education. In the assembly, he was the Deputy Speaker from 1998–2001, Majority Whip from 1996–1998 and the Assistant","psg_id":"11872865"},{"title":"William S. Taylor (politician)","text":"William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives briefly in the Seventh Texas Legislature. Taylor, at 62, is the oldest person to assume the office of Speaker of the Texas House. Taylor was born in Georgia in late 1795. After moving to Alabama, Taylor enlisted and fought in the First Seminole War and Second Seminole War, serving as a captain in the latter. He was appointed brigadier general of the Alabama State Militia in 1841, and thereafter","psg_id":"9537892"},{"title":"S. S. Chandran","text":"his more popular films are: Sahadevan Mahadevan, Thangamani Rangamani, Paati Sollai Thattathey, and Kathanayagan. Chandran has also produced four films. He suffered a heart attack and died on October 9, 2010. He is survived by his wife and daughter. S. S. Chandran S. S. Chandran (; died October 9, 2010) was a comedy actor, producer and politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He belonged to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party and was a Member of the Parliament representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. His son Rohit has acted in one","psg_id":"10615667"},{"title":"Ernie Banks","text":"crazy uncle who hung around the house for no apparent reason\", and that team officials anonymously told the press that Banks had been fired because he was unreliable. Soon Banks and the Cubs reconciled and he resumed making appearances on behalf of the team. In 1984, when the Cubs won the NL East division, the club named Banks an honorary team member. At the 1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first one held at Wrigley Field since Banks' playing days, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch to starting catcher Mike Scioscia. Banks was named to the Major League","psg_id":"2263554"},{"title":"Thomas S. Smith (politician)","text":"died on September 26, 2002. District 11 Republican County Committee members voted to fill the vacancy created by Smith's death by naming Sean T. Kean to fill the seat. Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was","psg_id":"11872867"},{"title":"Peter Banks","text":"Peter Banks\". Guest musicians included Akkerman, bassist John Wetton, drummer Phil Collins, guitarist Steve Hackett and fellow Flash members Ray Bennett and Mike Hough. Around the summer of 1973, Banks played with the jazz-rock band called Zox & the Radar Boys, including Phil Collins (drums) and his mate from the Flaming Youth days Ronnie Caryl on guitar, Mike Piggott (violin) and John Howitt (bass). In 1973, Banks tried to form a new band, with singer and soon-to-be-wife, Sydney Foxx (real name Sidonie Jordan). Named Empire, Banks, Foxx, and various other band members recorded three albums up to 1979 which were","psg_id":"2580118"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"denied the request for a DNA test. After hearing evidence in the High Court case, Judge Courtney declared that Banks is the birth father of Antony Brett Shaw. John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979693\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later overturned. In between his tenures in Parliament, he served as Mayor of Auckland City for two terms, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2010. When seven\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"to gain a seat in the 1874 assembly, representing a Berlin constituency following a bye-election. He lost his seat in 1877, however. In May 1883 Edward Banks killed himself. Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19304561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor of the city. A brother in law was the writer-historian (1812-1891). He attended school in Hamburg and Lübeck, before moving on to study Law at Tübingen and Göttingen. While\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19304559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gordon Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986. Banks was elected at the 2005 general election, succeeding fellow Labour MP Martin O'Neill.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5100330\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gordon Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Banks is married with two children. He is a member of the Coeliac Society. Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5100332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jim Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as a member of the Indiana Senate. Banks was first elected to serve in the state senate for the 17th district in 2010, and upon military deployment to Afghanistan, he took a leave of absence from the state senate since September 2014. Invoking an Indiana state law which allows state and local officeholders to take leaves of absence during active duty military service, Banks was temporarily replaced by his wife, Amanda Banks, who held the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373205\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ferenc Juhász (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"cost a ministry-owned apartment to Fapál around 2005 or 2006, which caused estimated 43 million Ft to the Ministry of Defence. Juhász said MTI his accusation was \\\"obviously acting on political pressure\\\". In February 2014, both politicians were acquitted. He is marrief. His wife is Csilla Szendrák. Ferenc Juhász (politician) Ferenc Juhász (born 6 July 1960) in Nyíregyháza, is a former Minister of Defence for Hungary. From 1990, he has been a member of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), and from 2000 the vice chairman of the party. He was the Minister of National Defense in Hungary from 27 May\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7478623\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two eviction proceedings filed against him in 2016. During the 2012 election, Brian Banks refused to pay Sawicki & Sons, the company that made his\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661835\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Nov. 13 fundraiser at the American Serbian Hall in Detroit. Suggested contributions range from $41 for a ticket to $2,000 for a sponsor-level donor. Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661854\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William S. Taylor (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"the Seventh Legislature convened on 2 November 1857, Taylor was the only nomination for speaker. He was elected and served until he became ill on 26 December 1857 and took leave of absence. On 18 January 1858, Taylor resigned as Speaker. Taylor died on 22 July 1858 and was buried in Larissa. One of his fifteen children with wife Elizabeth, son William S. Taylor, Jr., fought in the Battle of San Jacinto. William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9537894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jonathan Banks\",\n \"text\": \"the 2018 thriller film \\\"The Commuter\\\". Banks married his first wife in 1968. Together, they had one daughter. After his divorce in 1970, Banks married his second wife in 1990. From this marriage, they had fraternal twins. Banks also has a stepdaughter from this marriage. Jonathan Banks Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His first notable film roles were in the films \\\"Airplane!\\\", \\\"48 Hrs.\\\", and \\\"Beverly Hills Cop\\\". He has received critical acclaim for his role as former police officer turned hitman Mike Ehrmantraut in the television series \\\"Breaking Bad\\\" and its spin-off \\\"Better\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4856656\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (U.S. politician)\",\n \"text\": \"State treasurer of Pennsylvania in 1847. He resumed the practice of law in Reading, Pennsylvania, where he died in 1864. Interment in Reading's Charles Evans Cemetery. John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9227742\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (U.S. politician)\",\n \"text\": \"John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served until his resignation on March 31, 1836. He became judge of the Berks judicial district from May 1836 until he resigned to become\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9227741\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Caleb Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679. Banks stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Winchelsea in 1679 when he was under age. He was a captain of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15063539\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Caleb Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Church. Banks married Elizabeth Fortrey, daughter of Samuel Fortrey but there were no children, rendering his father's baronetcy extinct. Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15063541\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180789\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jim Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Banks supports allowing internet companies to release customer information with the federal government. Banks supports ending federal funding of abortions, including defunding Planned Parenthood. Banks calls banning transgender people from serving in the military as an \\\"emotional issue.\\\" He opposes the military paying for sex reassignment surgery saying that \\\"I don't think taxpayers should be on the hook for that.\\\" Banks lives in Columbia City, Indiana, with his wife Amanda and their three daughters. Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16373211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jan S. Marais\",\n \"text\": \"Marais had a wife, Peggy, who died in the 1980s, and a daughter, Carla. He resided in Durbanville. Marais died in 2009. Jan S. Marais Jan S. Marais (April 23, 1919 - 2009) was a South African banker and politician. He was the founder and chairman of the Trust Bank of Africa, one of South Africa's largest banks. He was a National member of the Parliament of South Africa, and a critic of apartheid. Jan S. Marais was born was Johannes Stephanus Marais on April 23, 1919 in Fraserburg, Northern Cape. He graduated from Stellenbosch University. Marais was the general\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20630197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Parliament on 13 June, ahead of sentencing on 1 August 2014. This sequence of events is drawn from the judgement in Banks' 2014 trial. Kim Dotcom and John Banks first met in April 2010, when Dotcom flew Banks to his mansion in a helicopter. They \\\"discussed ... Mr Dotcom’s goals. He hoped to undertake venture capital investment in this country. There was also a short discussion about Mr Dotcom’s residence application and Mr Banks offered to assist in this regard\\\". Banks, with his wife Amanda, visited the mansion again on 5 June. Over lunch, they discussed fundraising for his campaign.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Banks (died 1676)\",\n \"text\": \"four sons and three daughters. William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16403776\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William Banks (died 1676)\",\n \"text\": \"William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations from 1662 to 1663. From\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16403774\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Dotcom offered $50,000 towards the campaign. Kim, his wife Mona Dotcom, and their head of security Wayne Tempero all gave evidence that Banks asked for the donation to be split and remain anonymous. All three told the court that Banks explained this would make it easier for him to \\\"help\\\" Dotcom in the future. Justice Wylie found each of them to be \\\"reliable and credible\\\" witnesses. Amanda Banks initially denied any discussion of the campaign or donations at the same lunch, but this changed under cross-examination. John Banks' evidence was different again, suggesting that they discussed donations of amounts up\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury)\",\n \"text\": \"Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury) Jacob Banks (27 Feb. 1704–1738), of Milton Abbas, Dorset, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1726 and 1738. Banks was the second son of Sir Jacob Bancks (or Banks), of [Milton Abbas, and his wife Mary Tregonwell, only surviving daughter of John Tregonwell, MP of Milton Abbas. Banks’s father was originally a Swedish diplomat who served in the Royal Navy, and his mother was formerly married to Francis Luttrell . His father died in December 1724 and when his brother died unmarried in 1725, Banks inherited the manor of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20996844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gladys E. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Gladys E. Banks Gladys E. Banks (July 2, 1897 – November 5, 1972) was an American politician from New York. She was born on July 2, 1897, in the Bronx. She married John W. Banks. She was a member of the New York State Assembly (Bronx Co., 11th D.) from 1945 to 1950, sitting in the 165th, 166th and 167th New York State Legislatures. In November 1950, she ran for re-election, but was defeated by Democrat Clarke S. Ryan. In November 1952, she defeated Ryan who ran for re-election. She was again a member of the State Assembly in 1953\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17984357\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Mallard laid a complaint about a $15,000 donation from SkyCity, listed as anonymous by Banks. Days later, Dotcom himself told \\\"The New Zealand Herald\\\" and TV3's \\\"Campbell Live\\\" program about his own donations, saying that the $50,000 was split at Banks' request, that the cheques were written out in the presence of Banks, and that Banks called him a few days later to thank him. Two complaints, including another from Mallard, were made to the police about the Dotcom donations. (Like Mallard, the second complainant had also raised the SkyCity donations.) The Police subsequently investigated, interviewing a number of people\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nathaniel P. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were noted by the Democratic Party. But his abolitionist views fitted him better for the nascent Republican Party, through which he became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Governor of Massachusetts in the 1850s. Always a political chameleon (for which he was criticized by contemporaries), Banks was the first professional politician (with no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1327391\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was educated at prep school in Harrow and University College School in Hampstead. During the Second World War he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery. In 1948 he married Barbara Wells who in 1987 was awarded the OBE for services to the Women's Liberal Federation. They had two sons, Alistair Richard Harvie Banks (b. 1951) and Graham Thornton Harvie Banks (b. 1953). Banks was a life insurance\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11832682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727)\",\n \"text\": \"Joseph Banks (MP died 1727) Joseph Banks (6 September 1665 – 27 September 1727), of Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire, was an English lawyer, financial speculator and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1727. Banks was the second son of Robert Banks of Beck Hall, Giggleswick, Yorkshire and his wife Margaret Frankland, daughter of John Frankland of Rathmell, Yorkshire. He was articled to a solicitor. He married, Mary Hancock, the daughter of Rev. Rowland Hancock, a dissenting minister of Shircliffe Hall, near Sheffield, in 1689. At some time, he moved to live as a country attorney at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18680118\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Aaron Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Banks said that she was constantly nagging him to settle down. Banks' second wife was a show girl, but the marriage quickly dissolved again due to the difference in salary. Banks earned around $40 a week and his wife $1000 a week. It was shortly after this that he was employed at the record store where an infamous incident changed his life. He died May 2, 2013. Banks had a dream to become an actor, which was not fulfilled to his liking. At the age of 19, Aaron Banks decided his job was to be an actor. He charged in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15184322\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Acquitted (1929 film)\",\n \"text\": \"Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a screenplay by Keene Thompson. The film stars Lloyd Hughes, Margaret Livingston, and Sam Hardy, and was released by Columbia Pictures on November 15, 1929. Marian is sent to prison for a crime she did not commit. While there she meets fellow convict, Dr. Bradford, who has also been wrongly convicted of a murder. Marion believes his innocence and falls in love with him. Bradford tells her that it was Egan who framed him. Meanwhile, Egan has fallen in love with Marian, and when Marian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20358909\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Desmond Banks, Baron Banks\",\n \"text\": \"group within the Liberal Party to prevent what many saw as a rightward drift by the party, and its potential capture by the economic liberals. The Group campaigned under the slogan 'social reform without socialism'. Banks was a strong pro-European, a founder member and one time chairman of the Liberal European Action Group and was President of the British Council of the European Movement from 1986 to 1994. Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11832685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kota Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Las Vegas performs using Banks on vocals. In March her single, \\\"Zoom\\\", was premiered on Triple J's \\\"Good Nights\\\" and subsequently received high rotation on the national youth radio station. Triple J's Al Newstead declared, \\\"this [track] has grown on us hard. It's a fun, flirty mix of dancehall and pop elevated by the fanciful production.\\\" Banks released her debut extended play, \\\"Prize\\\" (styled as \\\"PRIZE\\\"), in mid-2018, as a ten-track mix tape. It was produced by Omerhodic, who shared the song writing with Banks on most of its tracks. \\\"AltMedia\\\"s Jamie Apps rated it at three-and-a-half stars and explained,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20834409\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Acquitted (1929 film)\",\n \"text\": \"it a \\\"strong melodrama\\\", although they found the moral of the story less than desirable, saying that \\\"it glorifies a crook and a murderer\\\". They felt the script and direction created an atmosphere of tense suspense. They particularly singled out the acting work of Sam Hardy. The \\\"Motion Picture News\\\" also enjoyed the film, calling it a \\\"Good Crime Drama\\\". They complimented Lloyd Hughes and Margaret Livingston, while saying that they were outshone by Hardy, although they felt the plot was a bit hackneyed. Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20358913\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sydney Banks\",\n \"text\": \"he became co-founder and executive producer. By the mid 1970s, Banks had created, produced and sometimes directed over 450 films and TV programs plus innumerable TV commercials. On leaving Global, he became a founder and director of the Toronto cable firm CUC Broadcasting, which became one of the largest cable systems in the Greater Toronto area, and was eventually sold to Shaw Cable in 1994. During the 1980s and 1990s, Banks was president of S Banks Group Inc which includes Ennerdale Productions and S. Banks (in-television) Limited. During this period of time, he travelled around the world doing business in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9178561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"seat for the remainder of his parliamentary career with the National Party. When National won the 1990 election, Banks entered Cabinet, becoming Minister of Police, Minister of Tourism, and Minister of Sport. While Minister of Police, he was fined $750 for answering his cell phone on a commercial flight in 1991. On the final reading of New Zealand's 1986 Homosexual Law Reform, John Banks said that \\\"This day will be remembered as a sad and sickening day for New Zealand. A very black cloud tonight and those members who wheel themselves through the doors of the Ayes lobby to vote\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979662\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"his company would win a multimillion-dollar contract, federal documents show. Along the way, Fiore appeared to have gotten help from Banks. \\\"Fiore is involved in bid-rigging with legislator Brian Banks,\\\" Special FBI Agent Robert Beeckman wrote in 2016 affidavit, which included intercepted text messages and phone calls between Fiore and Banks. According to the affidavit, in a May 5, 2016, phone conversation, Fiore and Banks spoke about the MDOT contract when Banks mentioned Fiore's political \\\"might.\\\" \\\"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you ... They said: 'We don't want to mess with that force,' \\\" Banks said. Fiore\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pompeia (wife of Caesar)\",\n \"text\": \"trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that \\\"my wife ought not even to be under suspicion.\\\" This gave rise to a proverb, sometimes expressed: \\\"Caesar's wife must be above suspicion.\\\" Pompeia (wife of Caesar) Pompeia (\\\"fl.\\\" 1st century BC) was the second wife of Julius Caesar. Her parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla. Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC, after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died the previous year in giving birth to her son\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4049181\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wife selling\",\n \"text\": \"which she \\\"was kidnapped by a brothel-master\\\", who later \\\"sold her ... [to] her husband's new employer ... who ... the couple\\\". In 1990, in Central Nepal, mainly in rural areas, one song, a \\\"dukha\\\", which is a \\\"suffering/hardship\\\" song that \\\"provide[s] ... an interpretation of women's hardships\\\", \\\"underscore[d] ... the limited resources and rights of a wife caught in a bad marriage\\\". Sung from a daughter's perspective, the song in part said, \\\"[The wife says] You don't need to return home after drinking there in the evening.\\\"/\\\"In Pokhara bazaar, [there is] an electricity line,\\\"/\\\"The household property is not mine.\\\"/\\\"The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15382226\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"businessmen's affidavits could be considered. In May 2015, the Court of Appeal reversed its decision to order a retrial when a new document was disclosed. The document included the affidavits from the two witnesses, confirming that Kim Dotcom and his then-wife Mona had fabricated their version of the events when giving evidence. An amendment to local electoral laws nicknamed the 'John Banks bill' passed its first reading in November 2012. It tightens restrictions on campaign donations, and was directly inspired by the 'anonymous' donations to Banks' 2010 mayoralty campaign. The Local Electoral Amendment Bill passed its third reading and became\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dennis Banks\",\n \"text\": \"a federal grand jury for aiding and abetting the murder of Aquash; he was alleged to have provided John Graham with a gun. He was acquitted of the charge. In 1975, he had been serving as one of Banks' bodyguards. Aquash was brought to Marshall's house on the Pine Ridge Reservation in December 1975 before being taken to the site of her murder. Authorities continue to investigate the Aquash murder. In 2014, \\\"The New York Times Magazine\\\" spoke to Banks for an in-depth feature about the murders of Aquash and Robinson. During his time in California from 1976 to 1983,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4620872\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Azealia Banks\",\n \"text\": \"the tracks \\\"Jumanji\\\", \\\"Aquababe\\\", and \\\"Nathan\\\" (featuring rapper Styles P) were made available online. \\\"Fantasea\\\" was released via Banks' Twitter account on July 11, and was succeeded by the unveiling of Banks' online radio project, \\\"Kunt.FM\\\" the following week. Banks' first EP, \\\"1991\\\", was released in the UK on May 28 and in the US the following day. The 4-track EP, which includes \\\"212\\\", was not eligible for the \\\"UK Albums\\\" chart, but the title track charted at #79 on the \\\"UK Singles\\\" chart. It also reached 133 on the US 200, while reaching #17 on the \\\"US R&B/Hip-Hop\\\" chart,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16100263\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dennis Banks\",\n \"text\": \"found questionable accounting practices, but no evidence of criminal offenses. As a result of involvement in Custer and Wounded Knee, Banks and 300 others were arrested by the federal government and faced trial. He was acquitted of the Wounded Knee charges, but was convicted of incitement to riot and assault stemming from the earlier confrontation at Custer. Refusing the prison term, Banks went underground and organized a small armed AIM group. It included Anna Mae Pictou Aquash, considered the highest-ranking woman in AIM. About this time, the two were also involved in a personal relationship. After disappearing from Denver in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4620869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Hated Banks\",\n \"text\": \"The Man Who Hated Banks The Man Who Hated Banks (full name The Man Who Hated Banks and other mysteries) is a collection of mystery stories by the British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 1997 by the American company Crippen & Landru. As the back cover of the book tells us, it was \\\"published in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of Michael Gilbert's first book.\\\" Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19726878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"ruling that the key question was not why Banks may have been charged, but whether he committed the crimes alleged in the charges. In February 2017, Brian Banks reached a plea agreement with the Attorney General's office in which all felony counts against were dropped in exchange for his immediate resignation from the Michigan House of Representatives and pleading guilty to one misdemeanor. Banks announced his formal resignation in Wayne County Circuit Court on February 6, 2017. In December 2017, the Detroit Free Press obtained FBI wiretap transcripts that were unsealed in U.S. District Court. The investigation is linked to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661840\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward S. Rogers Jr.\",\n \"text\": \"Robinson), and their wedding took place on September 25, 1963. Her father was Roland Robinson, 1st Baron Martonmere, who was a British politician and former Governor of Bermuda. Rogers and his wife had four children together: Lisa, Edward, Melinda and Martha. He is a direct descendant of Timothy Rogers, the founder of Newmarket, Ontario and Pickering, Ontario. On October 25, 1990, Rogers was appointed to the grade of Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2006, he was inducted into Canada's Telecommunications Hall of Fame, along with his father, Edward S. Rogers Sr. In 2000, Rogers and his wife Loretta\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4326333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Azealia Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Banks forcefully arguing with the flight attendant, in which she at one point called the Delta employee a \\\"fucking faggot\\\". On November 10, 2015, it was reported Banks was under investigation by the Los Angeles Police Department following an altercation involving the rapper and a security guard at L.A. club Break Room 86. Later that year, Banks was arrested in New York after attacking a female security guard. In March 2016, Sarah Palin threatened a lawsuit against Banks in response to a series of tweets where she attacked the politician, calling for \\\"the biggest burliest blackest negroes\\\" to \\\"run a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16100283\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sydney Banks\",\n \"text\": \"US border stations for Canadian consumption. He established the first TV commercial production unit in Canada and also in 1949 the first TV department for a major Canadian ad agency. In 1952, as Canada began TV broadcasting, Banks expanded into Canadian television program production. In 1955, he joined the late Spence Caldwell at S. W. Caldwell Ltd as executive producer, and ran the Rank organisation's Queensway Studios. He then moved to Foster Advertising, where he started their television advertising department. This involved frequent travel to the States, where he produced commercials for Carling. Banks was also the principal founder of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9178558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks\",\n \"text\": \"This backing led to the Rum Rebellion in Sydney, whereby governor was overthrown by the two men. This became an embarrassment for Sir Joseph Banks also because years earlier he campaigned that John Macarthur not be granted 10,000 acres of land near Sydney in the cow pastures, which was later granted by Lord Camden. The next governor, Lachlan Macquarie was asked to arrest Macarthur and Johnston, only to realise that they had left Sydney for London to defend themselves. What was humiliating was that Macarthur and Johnston were acquitted from all charges in London and both later returned to Sydney.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"509381\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"phone last year. Campaign finance records show both Jennifer Fiore and Gasper Fiore donated to Banks House campaign against Pamela Sossi. Brian Banks has falsely claimed to be an attorney, leading Wayne County Sheriff Benny Napoleon to endorse him. Sheriff Napoleon's spokesman Dennis Niemiec said the Sheriff was unaware of Banks' felony convictions and Sheriff Napoleon said he did not previously know about Banks' felonies. The State Bar of Michigan has no record of Banks ever being licensed to practice law in Michigan. Brian Banks campaign website previously stated that he was on staff at the law firm Rodnick, Unger\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661844\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"firm to defend Banks against the charges of sexual harassment. The lawsuit was later settled for $11,950. On June 28, 2016, Brian Banks was charged with three new felonies and one misdemeanor by Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette over documents he falsified, to obtain a personal loan in June 2010. Because of his previous felony convictions, Banks was charged as a habitual offender and could have faced life in prison if convicted of the new felonies. In August 2016, Banks was bound over to Wayne County Circuit Court for trial on all charges by District Court Judge Deborah Langston. Banks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661837\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 US Open (tennis)\",\n \"text\": \"Zvereva / Jim Pugh 6–4, 6–2 Andrea Gaudenzi defeated Mikael Tillström 6–2, 4–6, 7–6 Magdalena Maleeva defeated Noëlle van Lottum 7–5, 6–2 Sébastien Leblanc / Greg Rusedski defeated Marten Renström / Mikael Tillström 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Kristin Godridge / Kirrily Sharpe defeated Erika deLone / Lisa Raymond 4–6, 7–5, 6–2 Sandy Mayer defeated Tom Gullikson 6–4, 6–4 Tom Gullikson / Dick Stockton defeated Mark Edmondson / Sherwood Stewart 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Wendy Turnbull / Virginia Wade 2–6, 6–4, 6–3 Total prize money for the event was $6,349,250. 1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8180790\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Till There Was You (1990 film)\",\n \"text\": \"arrives only to find Charlie dead, and becomes involved with his late brother's partner, Viv, and Viv's unhappy wife, Anna. According to producer Jim McElroy, the aim of the movie was to make an adventure film in the style of \\\"Elephant Walk\\\" (1954) or \\\"To Have and Have Not\\\" (1944). It marked the directorial debut of highly regarded cinematographer John Seale. Dennis Quaid was originally rumoured to play the lead. Half the budget was provided by the FFC, whose contribution amounted to $6,326,711. The film was shot from 6 November 1989 to 19 January 1990. Till There Was You (1990\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6351823\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Despite a number of controversies, Brian Banks defeated Scott Benson by 96 votes to win the 2012 Democrat Primary. Although only receiving 42% of the vote in the 2014 Primary, Banks was re-elected. During the August 2016 Primary Election, Brian Banks narrowly defended a challenge for his seat by Harper Woods attorney Pamela Sossi, a first time candidate. Despite Banks significant fundraising advantage, Sossi led the race throughout the night until last minute votes were reported, giving Banks a narrow victory. Sossi swept the suburbs, winning Harper Woods, Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores, while Banks won Detroit. According\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"a paternity claim. In the High Court proceedings, Shaw said his mother Pamela Mayes told him he was conceived during a relationship she had with Banks in 1969, and that when she told Banks she was pregnant that he had ended the relationship. In a sworn affidavit, Mayes alleged that Banks procured drugs that would make her miscarry, and pressured her into taking the necessary dosage, which she refused to do. In 1999 Mayes told Shaw his real father was John Banks. First Mayes and later Shaw contacted Banks to request confirmation of paternity but this was denied. Banks also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979692\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Dilettanti which helped to establish the Royal Academy. Banks was born on Argyle Street in London to William Banks, a wealthy Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. He had a younger sister, Sarah Sophia Banks, born in 1744. Banks was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9 and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included his future shipmate Constantine Phipps. As a boy, Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When he was 17, he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"509364\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gary George (Oregon politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative Kim Thatcher led an unsuccessful effort in 2008 to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12407139\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gary George (Oregon politician)\",\n \"text\": \"repeal gay rights legislation passed by the 2007 legislature. Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12407140\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Willie Banks (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"was \\\"For The Wrong I've Done\\\" for which he was nominated for a Grammy in 1980. Banks stayed with HSE Records until they changed their name to Black Label. Three projects were released on this label. Willie Banks moved over to Malaco Records in the mid 80's. He penned \\\"Look at the Blessings\\\" in 1986 with Malaco. He would release thirteen albums with them, four of them placing on the Billboard magazine Top Gospel Albums chart: \\\"For The Wrong I Done\\\" (1978), \\\"Mother Why\\\" (1980), \\\"The Legend Lives On\\\" (1992) and 1993's \\\"The Best of Willie Banks\\\", which was released\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18700376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jasmyn Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Guvnors\\\" from 2014 until 2015. She will be starring in the horror film The Spiritualist, which is currently in post-production. Jasmyn Banks Jasmyn Grace Banks (born 20 August 1990) is an English actress. A graduate of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts and YPTC RAaW London Banks has acted in stage productions since 2005 and she has had roles in various television productions since 2006. She was cast as Alice Branning in the BBC soap opera \\\"EastEnders\\\" in 2012, making her screen debut on 10 May that year. She departed the show on 24 December 2013. Banks trained at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16605546\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"was formally arraigned in Circuit Court on August 23. In July 2016 Kevin Trayer, the Postmaster of the Richland Post Office, investigated Brian Banks for mail fraud, concerning mail pieces that listed defunct Political Action Committees in the required political disclaimer. The pieces attacked Banks Primary opponent Pamela Sossi and echoed claims Banks had made while knocking doors. The former legislators tied to the dissolved PAC's had no ties to Brian Banks and denied allowing him to use the PAC's for any purpose. On September 15, 2016, Michigan Secretary of State Ruth Johnson ruled that Brian Banks used House funds\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Machines: Simple Machines 7\\\"s (1990–1993)\",\n \"text\": \"as well as two rants by Juliana Luecking, one of which is spoken in a fake Baltimore accent. It also contains two songs by Geek called \\\"Herasure\\\" and \\\"Hemingway Shotgun\\\", the latter of which Allmusic has mistakenly referred to as \\\"Hemingway \\\"Station\\\"\\\". The Machines: Simple Machines 7\\\"s (1990–1993) Simple Machines 7\\\"s 1990–1993 also known as The Machines is a compilation album created by Simple Machines records. The compilation consisted of six of the earliest EPs; Wedge (SMR 01; 1990), Wheel (SMR 02; 1990), Pulley (SMR 03; 1991), Screw (SMR 04; 1991), Lever (SMR 05; 1992), and Inclined Plane (SMR 06;\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11137457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"responded: \\\"Mmmmmm yeah. Does that mean, So what they doing with the deal then?\\\" Banks: \\\"So, you good so far. You hear me.\\\" On May 26, a phone call between Gasper Fiore and Banks again discussed the MDOT contract. \\\"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you,\\\" Banks stated. Fiore laughed in response. \\\"They said you – 'We, we don't want to mess with that force behind you.'\\\" Later in the conversation, Banks again reassures Fiore: \\\"You know with the MDOT, you good.\\\" The conversation between Banks and Fiore was among many that the government obtained after bugging Fiore's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pet banks\",\n \"text\": \"Jackson. By 1833 there were 23 \\\"pet banks\\\" or state banks with US Treasury funds. The term gained currency because most of the banks were chosen not because of monetary fitness but on the basis of the spoils system, which rewarded political allies of Andrew Jackson. Most pet banks eventually lost money and didn't succeed in their investments. The pet banks and smaller \\\"wildcat\\\" banks flooded the country with paper currency. Because this money became so unreliable, Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required all public lands to be purchased with gold and/or silver. This contributed to the Panic of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5314718\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Colin Banks\",\n \"text\": \"at Maidstone. With John Miles, he was the Production Editor of \\\"Which?\\\", and associated magazines, from 1964 to 1993. Banks was an influential designer, and his Telecom (T) identity, created for British Telecommunications when it was instituted in 1981, spawned many imitators. Its replacement by Wolff Olins' BT \\\"piper\\\" was received with much derision in 1991. Banks received a prestigious RSA/BBC Design Award in 1990, for the paper-saving redesign of the UK's Phonebook. Miles and Banks designed the UK Post Office's distinctive \\\"double-line\\\" alphabet in 1972 and New Johnston, a revival of Edward Johnston's \\\"Underground Sans\\\", for London Transport. They\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7264996\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"the FBI. During the November 8 General Election, Banks received 66 percent of the vote over engineer William Broman, his Republican challenger. On February 6, 2017, just 26 days into his third term in the Michigan House of Representatives, Brian Banks resigned his seat to avoid prison time. By 9 am, February 8, 2017, Banks was sending e-mails to supporters inviting them to a March 6 fundraiser for his PAC, Bank on Banks for Michigan, leading to speculation that he would be running for future office, or financially backing his chosen successor. The fundraiser was held at Sinbad's restaurant in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661849\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"In Which We Serve\",\n \"text\": \"leads to a flashback in which Blake remembers how he met his wife-to-be, Freda, on a train while on leave. It is also revealed that she is related to the \\\"Torrin\\\"'s affable Chief Petty Officer Hardy (Miles). When both men return to sea, Freda moves in with CPO Hardy's wife and mother-in-law. The \\\"Torrin\\\" participates in the Dunkirk evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force, (portrayed in the film by the 5th Battalion of the Coldstream Guards). Meanwhile, the nightly Blitz takes its toll on British towns. Blake soon gets a letter from home to say that Freda has given birth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"832902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"A. Doris Banks Henries\",\n \"text\": \"Education. She rose to the rank of Assistant Minister of Education in 1978. Banks Henries wrote a biography of Liberian president William V. S. Tubman, published in 1967. She also edited collections of Liberian poetry (1963), and of Liberian folklore (1967). In her work as a government official, she was credited as author of many official reports, textbooks, and books about Liberia for young readers. She served as president of the Society of Liberian Authors. In 1942, Doris Banks married Richard Abrom Henries, a Liberian government official whose first wife was Angie Brooks. Her husband, Speaker of the Liberian House\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19297186\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"or resources to mail invitations to an event advocating for his re-election, a violation of section 57 of the Michigan Campaign Finance Act. As a result, Banks was required to personally reimburse the Michigan House of Representatives for the materials and labor misused. In December 2016, Brian Banks filed a motion to have Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette's office disqualified from the case, again claiming that the charges brought against him were politically motivated collusion between Pamela Sossi and the Attorney General, timed to ensure Banks lost his bid for re-election. Wayne County Circuit Judge Michael Hathaway dismissed Banks motion,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Andrew Banks\",\n \"text\": \"(World presidents' Organisation) following on from membership of YPO (Young presidents' Organisation) which he joined in 1988. Together with Geoff Morgan, Andrew Banks has authored four books on recruiting: Banks resides with his wife in Los Angeles, where his children and their families live. In 2015, Andrew Banks, together with Geoff Morgan, was voted equal first in an industry poll of The 5 Most Influential People in the Recruitment Industry in the past 60 years. In 2014, Andrew Banks and Geoff Morgan were inaugural inductees to the Recruitment International (Australia) Recruitment Industry Hall of Fame, for individuals who have made\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18938126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nick Banks\",\n \"text\": \"of Pulp's performances in Sheffield and eventually joined the group in 1986. He joined because they were his favourite band. Banks also played drums in a Sheffield-based band called Pollinates. Since 2007 he has been managing Banks Pottery, a family-owned business which was previously run by his mother. He also plays regularly in Sheffield's Everly Pregnant Brothers and remains a member of Pulp. Nick Banks Nicholas David Banks (born 28 July 1965 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire) is the English drummer in the British band, Pulp. He lives in Sheffield with his wife Sarah and two children, Jackson and Jeannie. He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5814161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"to $200,000, or even funding for the entire campaign, but not in great detail. Banks claimed to have suggested a single $25,000 donation, which could remain anonymous. Later, Banks thanked Dotcom for his support over the phone. He never discussed Dotcom's donation with his campaign team. Results were declared on 14 October, confirming Banks' loss to Len Brown. After the campaign Lance Hutchison, JP, a volunteer member of Banks' campaign team, completed the electoral return. Hutchison decided which donations to record as anonymous, including all five of the $25,000 donations the campaign received. Unlike Banks, Hutchison had no way of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joseph Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Parkinson and appear in Banks' Florilegium, finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990. Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage, which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about Banks' scientific requirements on board Cook's new ship, \\\"Resolution\\\". The Admiralty regarded Banks' demands as unacceptable and without prior warning withdrew his permission to sail. In July of the same year he and Daniel Solander visited the Isle of Wight, Iceland and the western islands of Scotland. aboard \\\"Sir Lawrence\\\" and returned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"509371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Jeff Banks (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"the \\\"Billboard\\\" magazine Gospel Albums chart, \\\"Lord Lift Me Up\\\" in 1984, 1987's \\\"Caught up in the Rapture\\\", 1989's \\\"The Storm Is Over\\\", \\\"He's All over Me\\\" in 1993. Banks was born on June 7, 1927 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as Jeff Willie Banks. His brother, Charles O. Davis, was born two years later, which both of them were mentored in music as soloist by Mary Johnson Davis from 1947 until 1953. They departed to for the Famous Banks Brothers, and relocated to Newark, New Jersey, where they were both compelled to become ministers by God and start and lead their\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18700522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia\",\n \"text\": \"of the suspected thief fired at them, striking Doyle in the chest and killing him instantly. Although the wife was arrested and tried for the murder, she was acquitted. Officer Doyle was a veteran of the Civil War, having served in the US Navy, and had been with the MPD for five years. He was 38 years old at the time of his death and was survived by his wife and three children. He was buried in Congressional Cemetery. The MPD also has the unique historical fact of having arrested a sitting U.S. President. During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4320779\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Gordon Banks (musician)\",\n \"text\": \"Lifetime\\\", which included unfinished recordings Gaye had done between 1971 and 1982. Among the 1982 recordings included leftover \\\"Midnight Love\\\" tracks such as \\\"Sanctified Lady\\\", which was essentially a demo, with Harvey Fuqua adding in background vocalists, and Banks adding in electro-funk influences. Banks produced another unfinished \\\"Midnight Love\\\" track, \\\"Masochistic Beauty\\\", which was a biographical account of Gaye's penchant for S&M. Banks played vocoder background vocals on the track. Banks also finished production on a 1978 demo, \\\"Savage in the Sack\\\". David Ritz later contended that Gaye wouldn't have wanted the songs to be released but due to CBS\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11166991\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grand Banks of Newfoundland\",\n \"text\": \"which resulted in extensive damage to transatlantic cables and generated a rare Atlantic tsunami that struck the south coast of Newfoundland and eastern Cape Breton Island, claiming 28 lives in the Burin Peninsula. Technological advances in fishing such as large factory ships and sonar, as well as geopolitical disputes over territorial sea and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries, have led to overfishing and a serious decline in the fish stocks of the Grand Banks from around 1990. Canada's EEZ currently occupies the majority of the Grand Banks except for the lucrative \\\"nose\\\" (eastern extremity, near the Flemish Cap) and \\\"tail\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2221166\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Doug Banks\",\n \"text\": \"his show to American Urban Radio Networks and renamed it \\\"The Doug Banks Show\\\". Banks also hosted some editions of \\\"NASCAR Now\\\" on ESPN2. He also made a guest appearance on the sitcom \\\"My Wife and Kids\\\" as Tom Miller, a friend of Michael Kyle who is tragically killed after being hit by a taxi (offscreen). The death of Tom makes Michael paranoid and overly sensitive about his own life. Banks died from complications of diabetes and kidney failure on April 11, 2016. Banks is survived by a wife, three daughters and a son. Doug Banks Calvin Douglas \\\"Doug\\\" Banks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5644385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Blackmore (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Blackmore (politician) Peter Terrence Blackmore (born 11 February 1945) is an Australian politician and former Mayor of the City of Maitland. Born to George and Kathleen Blackmore, he attended Newcastle Technical High School and became a salesman, covering fields such as real estate and catering. From 1974 to 1990, he owned a service station. Blackmore has two daughters with his second wife, Lynette Ruth Steel. He also has two sons Rodney and Simon peter with his first wife. In 1986 he was elected Mayor of Maitland, a position he held until 1990, and was reelected to the position of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14822928\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"campaign signs. During the 2012 Primary Election, Brian Banks was evicted from a home in Harper Woods at 19239 Berden by landlord Michele Wood, who took him to court three times for writing bad checks and not paying rent. After the 2012 General Election, Brian Banks was evicted from his Harper Woods home at 20927 Fleetwood when he bounced two checks to landlord Dan Sylvester. In 2013, Brian Banks was sued for sexual harassment by his Legislative Aide, Mr. Tramaine Cotton. According to Tim Bowlin, director of the House Business Office, the state paid $85,622 to the Dickinson Wright law\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661836\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sydney Banks\",\n \"text\": \"a variety of different industries. While in the eighties and nineties Banks cut back on his business activities to look after his ailing wife Shirley, he remained in close touch with the film business, and, after Shirley's passing, on January 6, 1995, he resumed full-time activities in film and television. In 1998 he was executive producer of the Canadian film \\\"Heart of the Sun\\\", whose cast included Christianne Hirt, Michael Riley and Graham Greene, and which was produced by his company Ennerdale Productions. Banks also maintained a home in Palm Springs, California. Syd Banks died in Toronto on November 14,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9178562\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pasco banks\",\n \"text\": \"and sailfish. Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\\\" S latitude and 174°\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15038227\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Pasco banks\",\n \"text\": \"Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\\\" S latitude and 174° 25' 00\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15038223\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Nathaniel P. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Waltham's Central Square, and Banks Street in New Orleans is named after him, as is Banks Court in Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood. The incorporated village of Banks, Michigan was named for him in 1871. The Gale-Banks House, his home in Waltham from 1855 to his death, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1327447\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Ballots. Ultimately, Brian Banks was able to take advantage of unusually low voter turnout to utilize his political and financial network to guide Yancey to a 198-vote victory, ensuring that she would replace him in the Michigan House of Representatives due to the voter registration of the District. In August 2017, Brian Banks filed candidate paperwork to run for the Michigan State Senate 2nd District seat in anticipation of a resignation by Bert Johnson, who has been federally indicted for corruption. According to the invitation obtained by the Detroit News, Banks is set to kick off his campaign with a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661853\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Brian Banks (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"independently waived by the Superintendent and School Board. During the 2012 General Election, the Grosse Pointe Democrats refused to endorse Brian Banks, despite his request for the endorsement and the fact that he was the Democratic candidate. During Brian Banks tenure in the Michigan House of Representatives, members of the Michigan Democratic Party had over 190 pieces of legislation signed into law. Despite being Chairman of the Detroit Caucus, 91 percent of Brian Banks bills died in committee during the same period of time. Only 2 of his bills ever received votes on the floor and neither passed into law.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17661846\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results\",\n \"text\": \"1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results These are the results of the 1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics which took place from 14 to 16 September 1990 at Vila Olímpica in Manaus, Brazil. Heat 1 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Heat 2 – 16 September
Wind: +0.5 m/s Final – 16 September
Wind: +1.2 m/s Heat 1 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Heat 2 – 15 September
Wind: -1.1 m/s Final – 15 September
Wind: +0.3 m/s Heat 1 – 14 September
Heat 2 – 14 September
Final Standings – 14 September
There was no proper 400m final.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18660440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Norman Banks (bishop)\",\n \"text\": \"Norman Banks (bishop) Norman Banks (born 4 April 1954) is an Anglican bishop. Since 2011, he has been the Bishop of Richborough, the provincial episcopal visitor for the eastern half of the Church of England Province of Canterbury. Banks was born on 4 April 1954. He studied at Oriel College, Oxford before then studying for ordination at St Stephen's House, Oxford. He was an assistant curate at Christ Church and St Ann's, Newcastle from 1982 to 1987 and priest in charge until 1990. He was Vicar of St Paul's, Whitley Bay, from 1990 until 2000. Latterly he was Vicar of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15614437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"time, rumours suggested that he might return to national politics, standing as a candidate either for the National Party or ACT New Zealand. Several meetings took place between Banks and senior ACT members. In the end, however, Banks declined to become an ACT candidate. In February 2005, Banks returned to talkback radio reprising his \\\"Breakfast with Banksie\\\" early morning radio show on Radio Pacific. Banks has expressed many views that were homophobic. When hosting a talk back radio show, a caller said that \\\"six inches of barbed wire shoved up gay mens arses\\\" which John Banks retorted, would be a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979668\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Freddie Banks\",\n \"text\": \"is still behind that three-point line.\\\" In 2010, Banks was also inducted into the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. As of 2018, Banks was Head Boy's Basketball Coach at Canyon Springs High School, in Las Vegas, with his wife and seven children. Freddie Banks Freddie Banks (born March 6, 1965) is an American former collegiate and professional basketball player. Banks attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and is a member of the UNLV Athletics Hall of Fame. Banks was the first pick of the second round (#24 overall) of the 1987 NBA Draft by the Detroit Pistons. Banks\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20643634\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"J. B. Banks\",\n \"text\": \"for which he received five years probation, 300 hours of court-ordered community service, and a prohibition from holding any elected or appointed office while on probation. In 2003, he died at a Las Vegas hospital's emergency room of natural causes at the age of 79. J. B. Banks J. B. \\\"Jet\\\" Banks (c. 1924 - October 12, 2003) was an American Democrat politician who served in the Missouri Senate and in the Missouri legislature for three decades. Banks, the son of a sharecropper, rose to become state senate majority leader, making him Missouri's highest-ranking black elected official. Born in or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20740771\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Cyril Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Cyril Banks Colonel Cyril Banks MBE (12 August 1901 – 23 October 1969) was a British engineer, company director, and politician. He was a Conservative Party representative, but his friendship with President Nasser and Egypt led him to sacrifice his career over the invasion of Suez. Banks was born in Sheffield, to a lower-middle-class family. He was sent to a council school, and then became an apprentice in mechanical engineering for five years. In 1922 he went to the University of Sheffield to study, and became an Associate in Mechanical Engineering. Banks was then employed by the Standard Motor Company\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11047034\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Sarah Sophia Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Sarah Sophia Banks Sarah Sophia Banks (28 October 1744 – 27 September 1818) was an English antiquarian collector and sister and collaborator of botanist Joseph Banks. She collected coins and medals and ephemera which are now historically valuable like broadsheets, newspaper clippings, visiting cards, prints, advertisements and playbills. She was born on 28 October 1744 at 30 Argyll Street in Soho, the daughter of William Banks, the MP for Grampound, and his wife Sarah. She \\\"discussed questions of plant biology with her brother...\\\" and \\\"...influenced him greatly.\\\" Many \\\"of her ideas made their way into his writings [and she] also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7923832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John Banks (New Zealand politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Zealand First supporters. There was intense media interest in what was on the recording but the Herald refused to publish the recording – which became known as the Teapot Tape. The ACT Party attracted only 1.07% of the party vote in the election. However, Banks won the Epsom electorate and become the party's sole MP. Party leader Don Brash resigned shortly thereafter and in February 2012, Banks was unanimously voted ACT party leader by the ACT board. Banks served as Minister of Regulatory Reform, Minister for Small Business, Associate Minister of Commerce and Associate Minister of Education in the Fifth\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2979677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas S. Smith (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was born on December 14, 1917, and attended Howard University, majoring in education. In the assembly, he was the Deputy Speaker from 1998–2001, Majority Whip from 1996–1998 and the Assistant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11872865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"William S. Taylor (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives briefly in the Seventh Texas Legislature. Taylor, at 62, is the oldest person to assume the office of Speaker of the Texas House. Taylor was born in Georgia in late 1795. After moving to Alabama, Taylor enlisted and fought in the First Seminole War and Second Seminole War, serving as a captain in the latter. He was appointed brigadier general of the Alabama State Militia in 1841, and thereafter\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9537892\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"S. S. Chandran\",\n \"text\": \"his more popular films are: Sahadevan Mahadevan, Thangamani Rangamani, Paati Sollai Thattathey, and Kathanayagan. Chandran has also produced four films. He suffered a heart attack and died on October 9, 2010. He is survived by his wife and daughter. S. S. Chandran S. S. Chandran (; died October 9, 2010) was a comedy actor, producer and politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He belonged to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party and was a Member of the Parliament representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. His son Rohit has acted in one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10615667\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ernie Banks\",\n \"text\": \"crazy uncle who hung around the house for no apparent reason\\\", and that team officials anonymously told the press that Banks had been fired because he was unreliable. Soon Banks and the Cubs reconciled and he resumed making appearances on behalf of the team. In 1984, when the Cubs won the NL East division, the club named Banks an honorary team member. At the 1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first one held at Wrigley Field since Banks' playing days, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch to starting catcher Mike Scioscia. Banks was named to the Major League\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2263554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Thomas S. Smith (politician)\",\n \"text\": \"died on September 26, 2002. District 11 Republican County Committee members voted to fill the vacancy created by Smith's death by naming Sean T. Kean to fill the seat. Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11872867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peter Banks\",\n \"text\": \"Peter Banks\\\". Guest musicians included Akkerman, bassist John Wetton, drummer Phil Collins, guitarist Steve Hackett and fellow Flash members Ray Bennett and Mike Hough. Around the summer of 1973, Banks played with the jazz-rock band called Zox & the Radar Boys, including Phil Collins (drums) and his mate from the Flaming Youth days Ronnie Caryl on guitar, Mike Piggott (violin) and John Howitt (bass). In 1973, Banks tried to form a new band, with singer and soon-to-be-wife, Sydney Foxx (real name Sidonie Jordan). Named Empire, Banks, Foxx, and various other band members recorded three albums up to 1979 which were\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2580118\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["imelda romuáldez marcos","imelda romualdez marcos","steel butterfly","imelda romualdez","imelda remedios visitacion romualdez","remedios trinidad romualdez","marcos, imelda","imelda trinidad romuáldez-marcos","imelda marcos","steel butterfly","imeldific","remedios t. romualdez","imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez","imelda trinidad romualdez-marcos","conjugal dictatorship","imelda romualdez-marcos","emelda marcos","imelda collection","imelda (given name)","imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez marcos","conjugal dictatorship","amelda marcos","steal butterfly"],"string":"[\n \"imelda romuáldez marcos\",\n \"imelda romualdez marcos\",\n \"steel butterfly\",\n \"imelda romualdez\",\n \"imelda remedios visitacion romualdez\",\n \"remedios trinidad romualdez\",\n \"marcos, imelda\",\n \"imelda trinidad romuáldez-marcos\",\n \"imelda marcos\",\n \"steel butterfly\",\n \"imeldific\",\n \"remedios t. romualdez\",\n \"imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez\",\n \"imelda trinidad romualdez-marcos\",\n \"conjugal dictatorship\",\n \"imelda romualdez-marcos\",\n \"emelda marcos\",\n \"imelda collection\",\n \"imelda (given name)\",\n \"imelda remedios visitacion trinidad romuáldez marcos\",\n \"conjugal dictatorship\",\n \"amelda marcos\",\n \"steal butterfly\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":596,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"in what year did saddam hussein become president of iraq?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"became President, and Saddam became his deputy. In 1979, Saddam Hussein displaced General Bakr, and a little more than a year later, he ordered Iraqi troops to invade Iran, starting the Iran–Iraq War that would continue until 1988. Iraq's 1990 Invasion of Kuwait led to the 1991 Gulf War. In 1998, Saddam halted Iraqi cooperation with the United Nations Special Commission weapons inspections imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War, and kept U.N. inspectors out until 2002. In March 2003, the United States led an invasion of Iraq that quickly toppled the government. Saddam fled the capital of Baghdad shortly","psg_id":"13540303"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"became President, and Saddam became his deputy. In 1979, Saddam Hussein displaced General Bakr, and a little more than a year later, he ordered Iraqi troops to invade Iran, starting the Iran–Iraq War that would continue until 1988. Iraq's 1990 Invasion of Kuwait led to the 1991 Gulf War. In 1998, Saddam halted Iraqi cooperation with the United Nations Special Commission weapons inspections imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War, and kept U.N. inspectors out until 2002. In March 2003, the United States led an invasion of Iraq that quickly toppled the government. Saddam fled the capital of Baghdad shortly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540303\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the trial as a show trial that did not meet international standards on the right to a fair trial. Amnesty International stated that the trial was","psg_id":"6269265"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"up a tribunal to try him and absolve themselves completely?\" Journalist Mohamad Bazzi wrote in 2014 that Hussein's trial and execution deepened sectarianism in Iraq: Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the","psg_id":"6269294"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"challenged by journalist Solomon Hughes, writing: \"You might remember that we invaded Iraq because Saddam did have WMD, but was pretending he didn't. Now it turns out we invaded Iraq because Saddam did not have WMD, but pretended he did.\" How did Saddam let the world believe Iraq had WMD by denying he had WMD? How does this story work? It doesn't, because the [Associated Press] report is false. FBI agent Pinto's actual record of a casual conversation with Saddam reads: \"Even though Hussein claimed Iraq did not have WMD, the threat from Iran was a major factor as to","psg_id":"13540311"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka","text":"mosque. After the capture of Saddam by United States military forces, the villagers of Saddam Hussein Village were critical of the U.S. policy in Iraq. Among the comments recorded by the BBC were: 127 Muslims were murdered at three villages, including Saddam Hussein Village, about 10 August 1990, allegedly by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to","psg_id":"3880431"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"2 August 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait, initially claiming assistance to \"Kuwaiti revolutionaries,\" thus sparking an international crisis. On 4 August an Iraqi-backed \"Provisional Government of Free Kuwait\" was proclaimed, but a total lack of legitimacy and support for it led to an 8 August announcement of a \"merger\" of the two countries. On 28 August Kuwait formally became the 19th Governorate of Iraq. Just two years after the 1988 Iraq and Iran truce, \"Saddam Hussein did what his Gulf patrons had earlier paid him to prevent.\" Having removed the threat of Iranian fundamentalism he \"overran Kuwait and confronted his Gulf","psg_id":"403277"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"age of 20, Saddam Hussein joined the nascent Ba'ath Party, which was founded on a socialist form of Pan-Arabism. After participating in an unsuccessful 1959 assassination attempt on then Prime Minister of Iraq Abd al-Karim Qasim, Saddam became a fugitive, and eventually fled to Syria and then Egypt. Following the Ba'athists overthrow of the prime minister in the February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, and the counter-coup half a year later, Saddam was jailed in Iraq from 1964 to 1966. The Ba'ath party returned to power after another successful coup in 1968. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, a relative of Saddam Hussein,","psg_id":"13540302"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka","text":"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to build the village and its central Mosque. Saddam Hussein first became involved in the village after floods hit the area in 1978 and local authorities approached the Iraqi embassy for help. The former president was said to have readily obliged and sponsored construction of the entire village with some 100 houses, including a school and a","psg_id":"3880430"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"why he did not allow the return of the UN inspectors. Hussein stated he was more concerned about Iran discovering Iraq's weaknesses and vulnerabilities than the repercussions of the United States for his refusal to allow UN inspectors back into Iraq.\" So in 1998 Saddam resisted the UN weapons inspectors because he did not want to look weak in front of Iran, with whom he had fought a vicious eight-year war. This is not the same as pretending to have WMD. Saddam did not want to look like he could be pushed around by the UN lest his neighbours scent","psg_id":"13540312"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"weakness, but his government repeatedly—and accurately—denied having WMD. The chronology of the reported meetings between Piro and Saddam in 2004: Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by","psg_id":"13540313"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by the National Security Archive. Saddam, identified as \"High Value Detainee #1\" in the documents, was the subject of 20 \"formal","psg_id":"13540298"},{"title":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview","text":"uncensored unprepared debate televised worldwide where both American and Iraqi Presidents sitting in their respective countries would discuss their nation's problems. He also said Dan Rather could moderate the debate. This never happened. February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month.","psg_id":"6540754"},{"title":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview","text":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month. Rather and \"CBS Evening News\" executive producer Jim Murphy were driven around Baghdad for 45 minutes and switched cars on two separate occasions to keep Saddam's position secret. The interview was held at","psg_id":"6540751"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"31 December 2006. He was buried 3 km (2 mi) from his sons Uday and Qusay Hussein. His tomb was reported to have been destroyed in March 2015. Before it was destroyed, a Sunni tribal group reportedly removed his body to a secret location, fearful of what might happen. In August 1995, Raghad and her husband Hussein Kamel al-Majid and Rana and her husband, Saddam Kamel al-Majid, defected to Jordan, taking their children with them. They returned to Iraq when they received assurances that Saddam would pardon them. Within three days of their return in February 1996, both of the","psg_id":"403308"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation . The consensus of","psg_id":"4952329"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"host Jim Lehrer, that Saddam's execution \"looked like it was kind of a revenge killing.\" Bush said he was \"disappointed and felt like they fumbled the—particularly the Saddam Hussein—execution. It reinforced doubts in people's minds that the Maliki government and the unity government of Iraq is a serious government. ... And it sent a mixed signal to the American people and the people around the world.\" Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special","psg_id":"9407847"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"it was \"all okay\".'\" Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation","psg_id":"4952440"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"On the other two occasions, the Committee concluded, Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qaeda operative. The intelligence community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qaeda and Iraq. On the more specific question of whether Saddam Hussein was behind the attacks of September 11, 2001, the consensus view is that there is no credible evidence of his government's involvement. On March 20, 2006, President Bush made clear that his administration did not have any evidence to prove Saddam played a role in those attacks. The Bush Administration sought to link the Iraqi dictator to Islamist radicals","psg_id":"4952333"},{"title":"Hussein Kamel al-Majid","text":"Iraq in 1990. He married one of Saddam Hussein's daughters, Raghad Saddam, and lived in Iraq until 1995. On 7 August of that year, Kamel and his wife defected from Iraq, along with Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, and the brother's wife, Rana Saddam, another of Saddam Hussein's daughters. In a 21 September 1995 interview with CNN, Hussein Kamel explained: This is what made me leave the country, the fact that Saddam Hussein surrounds himself with inefficient ministers and advisers who are not chosen for their competence but according to the whims of the Iraqi president. And as a result of","psg_id":"2611762"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"us and flatter us. We have now grasped the reality of the situation. If the trickery continues, we will be forced to unmask them, all of them, before the French public.\" France armed Saddam and it was Iraq's largest trade partner throughout Saddam's rule. Seized documents show how French officials and businessmen close to Chirac, including Charles Pasqua, his former interior minister, personally benefitted from the deals with Saddam. Because Saddam Hussein rarely left Iraq, Tariq Aziz, one of Saddam's aides, traveled abroad extensively and represented Iraq at many diplomatic meetings. In foreign affairs, Saddam sought to have Iraq play","psg_id":"403253"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"Iraq. The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005. At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party (see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein). A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006, trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging.","psg_id":"6269268"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"found hiding in a hole in the ground near a farmhouse in ad-Dawr, near Tikrit. Following his capture, Saddam was transported to a U.S. base near Tikrit, and later taken to the American base near Baghdad. Documents obtained and released by the National Security Archive detail FBI interviews and conversations with Hussein while he was in U.S. custody. On 14 December, U.S. administrator in Iraq Paul Bremer confirmed that Saddam Hussein had indeed been captured at a farmhouse in ad-Dawr near Tikrit. Bremer presented video footage of Saddam in custody. Saddam was shown with a full beard and hair longer","psg_id":"403300"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"board such as that lad, Mansour.\" He was later sacked by Al-Jazeera. In 2002, Austrian prosecutors investigated Saddam government's transactions with Fritz Edlinger that possibly violated Austrian money laundering and embargo regulations. Fritz Edlinger, president of the \"General Secretary of the Society for Austro-Arab relations\" (GÖAB) and a former member of Socialist International's Middle East Committee, was an outspoken supporter of Saddam Hussein. In 2005, an Austrian journalist revealed that Fritz Edlinger's GÖAB had received $100,000 from an Iraqi front company as well as donations from Austrian companies soliciting business in Iraq. In 2002, a resolution sponsored by the European","psg_id":"403293"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"lesson and, like Iran, should only trust the will of their people and not corrupt powers.\" Mahathir bin Mohamad, Former Prime Minister of Malaysia said \"On the Holy day of Eid, the world watched in horror at the barbaric lynching of President Saddam Hussein of Iraq, allegedly for crimes against humanity. This public murder was sanctioned by the War Criminals, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair.\" Terry Davis, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, an international organization of which almost all European states are members, made an official statement condemning the execution: \"The trial of Saddam Hussein was a","psg_id":"19615392"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"On 26 December, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date. The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out. Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging on 30 December 2006. With his death, all other charges were dropped. The 67-year-old, President Saddam Hussein appeared confident and defiant throughout the 46-minute hearing. Alternating between listening to and gesturing at the judge Rizgar Mohammed Amin, he questioned the legitimacy of the tribunal set up to try him. He called","psg_id":"6269269"},{"title":"Rana Hussein","text":"Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is Raghad and younger sister is Hala Hussein. In 1986, she married Saddam Kamel al-Majid, brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid, her elder sister Raghad's husband, she has four children. She accompanied her husband to Jordan in 1995, where she lived from August 8 of that year to February 20, 1996. They returned to Iraq after receiving assurances from Saddam Hussein that he would pardon Kamel and his brother,","psg_id":"3369522"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Kuwaitis but Iraq \"would not accept death\". U.S. officials attempted to maintain a conciliatory line with Iraq, indicating that while George H. W. Bush and James Baker did not want force used, they would not take any position on the Iraq–Kuwait boundary dispute and did not want to become involved. Later, Iraq and Kuwait met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait. As tensions between Washington and Saddam began to escalate, the Soviet Union, under Mikhail Gorbachev, strengthened its military relationship with the Iraqi leader, providing him military advisers, arms and aid. On","psg_id":"403276"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Iran, first attacking Mehrabad Airport of Tehran and then entering the oil-rich Iranian land of Khuzestan, which also has a sizable Arab minority, on 22 September 1980 and declared it a new province of Iraq. With the support of the Arab states, the United States, and Europe, and heavily financed by the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein had become \"the defender of the Arab world\" against a revolutionary Iran. The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed","psg_id":"403260"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror.\" After the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, which demanded that Iraq give \"immediate, unconditional and active cooperation\" with UN and IAEA inspections, Saddam allowed U.N. weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix to return to Iraq. During the renewed inspections beginning in November 2002, Blix found no stockpiles of WMD and noted the \"proactive\" but not always \"immediate\" Iraqi cooperation as called for by UN Security Council Resolution 1441. With war still looming on 24 February 2003, Saddam Hussein took part in an interview with CBS","psg_id":"403296"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"I knew they wanted to administer the sentence before the end of the year, but why on the Muslim holiday? People are executed all over the world, but what happened in Baghdad on the first day of Eid al-Adha was unthinkable. I didn't believe it was happening\", he said. \"In the end, no one will ever forget the circumstances and the way in which Saddam was executed. They turned him into a martyr, and the problems in Iraq remained.\" Muammar Gaddafi, Leader of Libya said that \"Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war held by the US occupation forces, and","psg_id":"19615390"},{"title":"Vice President of Iraq","text":"Iraq which deemed their abolition unconstitutional. The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President. Vice President of Iraq Iraq has three vice presidents or deputy presidents, although a debate is ongoing about a political reform to abolish their posts. The office of Vice-President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its \"Transitional Guidelines,\" creates a three-member Presidency (or","psg_id":"7857184"},{"title":"Refugees of Iraq","text":"safe area. On February 15, 1991, President George H.W Bush called upon the Iraqi people to overthrow Saddam Hussein, which did not occur until 2003 under the administration of his son, President George W. Bush, and incited the recent Iraq War. Refugees from Iraq have increased in number since the US-led invasion into Iraq in March 2003. After Saddam Hussein fell in 2003, over 30,000 refugees returned home within two years. But by 2006, they were fleeing again due to sectarian violence that culminated with the al-Askari mosque bombing in February 2006. The US occupation and ethnic conflict among Iraqis","psg_id":"9394083"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"been discussed by two witnesses, Iraqi Judge Munir Haddad and Iraqi national security adviser Mowaffak al-Rubaie. The accounts of the two witnesses are contradictory as Haddad describes Saddam as being strong in his final moments whereas al-Rubaie says Saddam was clearly afraid. Not long before the execution, Saddam's lawyers released his last letter. A second unofficial video, apparently showing Saddam's body on a trolley, emerged several days later. It sparked speculation that the execution was carried out incorrectly as Saddam Hussein had a gaping hole in his neck. Saddam was buried at his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, on","psg_id":"403307"},{"title":"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq","text":"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights organizations have documented government-approved executions, acts of torture and rape for decades since Saddam","psg_id":"1639248"},{"title":"My Year in Iraq","text":"refused to defend Saddam Hussein's regime. A number of important issues are raised in the book including the capture of Saddam Hussein, the First Battle of Fallujah, and the crisis of Muqtada al-Sadr. My Year in Iraq My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope is a memoir by ambassador Paul Bremer, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Published in the United States on 9 January 2006 it covers the period between May 2003 to July 2004. Bremer takes the readers through his struggle with Iraq's leaders to build democratic institutions. He also describes negotiations with","psg_id":"18758609"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"know I didn't say that there was a direct connection between September the 11th and Saddam Hussein.\" Bush reaffirmed the White House position in even stronger terms in a press conference on 21 August 2006. Ken Herman of Cox News asked, \"What did Iraq have to do with ... the attack on the World Trade Center?\" Bush replied, \"Nothing.\" Bush elaborated on his answer and added, \"Nobody has ever suggested that the attacks of September the 11th were ordered by Iraq.\" Opponents of his Iraq policy charged that his statement was inconsistent with his letter to Congress of March 21,","psg_id":"4952346"},{"title":"Saddam Kamel","text":"1995, he defected from Iraq with his brother and their wives. His brother gave information to UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6 about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. In 1996, they returned to Iraq believing they had been pardoned for their actions; however, the brothers were executed in a prolonged gun battle shortly after they returned. Saddam Kamel Saddam Kamel Hassan al-Majid (1956-1996) was the second cousin and son-in-law of deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. He was married to Rana Hussein and was the brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid (who was also married to a daughter of Saddam, Raghad Hussein). He","psg_id":"3479565"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"became president. Arif dismissed and arrested the Ba'athist leaders later that year in the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état. Being exiled in Egypt at the time, Saddam played no role in the 1963 coup or the brutal anti-communist purge that followed; although he returned to Iraq after the coup, Saddam remained \"on the fringes of the newly installed Ba'thi administration and [had] to content himself with the minor position of a member of the Party's central bureau for peasants,\" in the words of Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi Unlike during the Qasim years, Saddam remained in Iraq following Arif's anti-Ba'athist","psg_id":"403229"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"to suffer losses from human wave attacks by Iran. By 1982, Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war. At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Dr. Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations. Initially, Saddam Hussein appeared to take in this opinion as part of his cabinet democracy. A few weeks later, Dr. Ibrahim was sacked when held responsible for a fatal incident in an Iraqi hospital where a patient died from intravenous administration of the wrong concentration of potassium supplement. Dr. Ibrahim was","psg_id":"403262"},{"title":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq","text":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \"bitter history\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \"responsible for most of the atrocities committed against the Assyrians in particular, due to proximity and a long tradition","psg_id":"3142379"},{"title":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq","text":"the goals of various Iraqi regimes, causing violence to break out when political negotiations broke down: Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \"bitter history\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \"responsible for most","psg_id":"3142397"},{"title":"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq","text":"November 1963 in a military coup led by a small group of officers. For the next five years power shifted among the officers until 1968, when another coup brought the Baath back to power. When the Baathists came back to power, two men, Saddam Hussein and Bakr, increasingly dominated the party. Although Bakr was the older and more prestigious of the two, by 1969 Saddam \"clearly had become the moving force behind the party.\" Human rights violations in Iraq often came from conflicts between the country's rulers and members of distinct ethnic communities, especially the Kurds and Shiite Arabs, although","psg_id":"3142395"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"in trial proceedings by the removal of a judge mid-trial, exclusion of members of the defense team at points in the trial, assassination of multiple members of the defence team, and the closure of the trial before the defence team had completed presenting its legal case. In the opening statement of the Jury of Conscience of the World Tribunal on Iraq, keynote speaker Arundhati Roy retorted, \"Saddam Hussein is being tried as a war criminal even as we speak. But what about those who helped to install him in power, who armed him, who supported him—and who are now setting","psg_id":"6269293"},{"title":"House of Saddam","text":"is overthrown. During a holiday celebrating Iraq's \"victory\" over Iran, the Kamel brothers cross the border to Jordan with their wives, Raghad and Rana Hussein. The women, Saddam's daughters, warn their husbands of the potential consequences should Saddam discover their absences. Meanwhile, at a holiday party, Uday rapes a waitress. Qusay realises that his sisters are missing and notifies Saddam. In Jordan, King Hussein grants the self-exiled group asylum just as Saddam declares them traitors in Iraq. Hussein Kamel plans to oust Saddam with Western support, and to reveal state secrets once installed as president. His plans are undermined when","psg_id":"12246112"},{"title":"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq","text":"was largely the product of the pervasive secret police and systematic use of torture. Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights","psg_id":"1639255"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"and Poland expressed approval of the execution. A spokesman for Poland's president said, \"justice has been meted out to a criminal who murdered thousands of people in Iraq.\" In the United States, President George W. Bush made a statement, \"Bringing Saddam Hussein to justice will not end the violence in Iraq, but it is an important milestone on Iraq's course to becoming a democracy that can govern, sustain, and defend itself.\" Celebration in the United States occurred in at least one location in Dearborn, Michigan, at the corner of Warren and Greenfield, a heavily Shi'a Iraqi-American community. In Iran, members","psg_id":"19615398"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein were varied. Some strongly supported the execution, particularly those personally affected by Saddam's actions as leader. Some of these victims wished to see him brought to trial for his other actions, alleged to have resulted in a much greater number of deaths than those for which he was convicted. Some believed the execution would boost morale in Iraq, while others feared it would incite further violence. Many in the international community supported Saddam being brought to justice but objected in particular to the use of capital","psg_id":"19615376"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"a few FBI agents who spoke Arabic fluently. Saddam was led to believe that his interrogator was a high-ranking U.S. government official with direct access to U.S. President George W. Bush, when in reality he was in a relatively low-level position at the time. Piro discussed the interrogation process during an interview on the television news magazine \"60 Minutes\" in January 2008. In an official statement, a senior FBI official in Piro’s chain of command characterized the perceived success of their interrogation of Saddam Hussein as one of the agency's top accomplishments in its 100-year history. In 1957, at the","psg_id":"13540301"},{"title":"CIA activities in Iraq","text":"President George W. Bush's 2003 State of the Union address to support waging a preventive war against Iraq. See Iraq 2007 investigations for the aftermath of this claims and disclosures about them. Kenneth Pollack, a former National Security Council expert on Iraq, who generally supported the use of force to remove Saddam Hussein, told Seymour Hersh that what the Bush administration did was \"... dismantle the existing filtering process that for fifty years had been preventing the policymakers from getting bad information. They created stovepipes to get the information they wanted directly to the top leadership... They always had information","psg_id":"11899115"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq.\" Amnesty International issued a statement that it \"opposed the death penalty in all circumstances but it was especially egregious when this ultimate punishment is imposed after an unfair trial.\" Two days before the execution, the International Federation of Human Rights released a statement calling upon the Head of State to issue a moratorium on the death sentence pronounced against Saddam Hussein by hanging. The organization also said Saddam should be treated as a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions. Juan Cole said that the","psg_id":"9407843"},{"title":"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein","text":"Hussein, translated from Arabic to English by the FBI. Some of these quotes were highlighted in secondary source accounts of the reports, including these (grouped by subject in rough chronological order): A number of press reports describe the Iraqi dictator admitting to a catastrophic miscalculation, having misled the United States into believing Iraq still possessed biological and chemical weapons. According to the \"Associated Press\": \"Saddam Hussein told an FBI interviewer before he was hanged that he allowed the world to believe he had weapons of mass destruction because he was worried about appearing weak to Iran\". This interpretation has been","psg_id":"13540310"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"19 October Trial Saddam appeared defiant. He rejected the tribunal's legitimacy and independence from the control of the foreign occupation. \"I do not respond to this so-called court, with all due respect to its people, and I retain my constitutional right as the president of Iraq\", Saddam declared. He added, \"Neither do I recognize the body that has designated and authorized you, nor the aggression because all that has been built on false basis is false.\" When the judge asked for his name, Saddam refused, stating \"I am the president of the Iraq\". He returned the question, asking Kurdish judge","psg_id":"6269278"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"al-Neda, denies this claim. Mowaffak al-Rubaie, Iraq's security advisor, stated, \"I oversaw the whole process from A-Z and Saddam Hussein's body was not stabbed or mutilated, and he was not humiliated before execution.\" Saddam's body was buried in his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, near family members, including his two sons Uday and Qusay Hussein, on 31 December 2006 at 04:00 local time (01:00 GMT). His body was transported to Tikrit by a U.S. military helicopter. Saddam was handed over from Iraqi Government possession to Sheikh Ali al-Nida, the late head of the Albu Nasir tribe and governor of","psg_id":"9407838"},{"title":"Iraq War in Anbar Province","text":"Hussein, Saddam's family considered interring him in Ramadi because of the improved security situation. On 30 December, an unknown number of loyalists near Ramadi staged a march carrying pictures of Saddam Hussein and waving Iraqi flags. In his State of the Union Address on 23 January 2007, President Bush announced plans to deploy more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq in what became known as the Surge. Four thousand were specifically earmarked for Anbar, which Bush acknowledged had become both an AQI haven and a center of resistance against AQI. Instead of deploying new units, the Marine Corps","psg_id":"12474263"},{"title":"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"Afghanistan to meet with bin Laden. Three intelligence agencies tell ABC News they cannot be certain what was discussed, but almost certainly, they say, bin Laden has been told he would be welcome in Baghdad. This story is repeated by CNN on 13 February. The article reports that \"Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has offered asylum to bin Laden, who openly supports Iraq against the Western powers.\" Indeed, intelligence agencies tracked contacts between Iraqi agents and Al Qaeda agents in the '90s in Sudan and Afghanistan, where bin Laden is believed to have met with Farouk Hijazi, head of Iraqi intelligence.","psg_id":"8048185"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"regions of Iraq led by the government of Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an, which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Ba'athist administration for a series of attacks against the \"peshmerga\" rebels and the mostly Kurdish civilian population of rural Northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 culminating in 1988. This campaign also targeted Shabaks and Yazidis, Assyrians, Turkoman people and Mandeans and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed. Human Rights Watch estimates that between 50,000 and 100,000 people","psg_id":"403270"},{"title":"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"President Clinton ordered a four-day bombing campaign of Iraq, known as Operation Desert Fox, the Arabic language daily newspaper \"Al-Quds Al-Arabi\" speculated in an editorial that President Saddam Hussein, whose country was subjected to a four-day air strike, will look for support in taking revenge on the United States and Britain by cooperating with Saudi oppositionist Osama bin Laden, whom the United States considers to be the most wanted person in the world. Saddam Hussayn and Usama bin Ladin have sealed a pact. Faruk Hidjazi, the former Director of the Iraqi Secret Services and now the country's Ambassador to Turkey,","psg_id":"8048182"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"Salaheddin, to be buried. He was buried about three kilometers (2 mi) from his two sons in the same cemetery. Saddam Hussein's grave, in a family plot, was dug into the floor of an octagonal, domed building he had built in the 1980s for religious festivals. Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad Hussein, under asylum in Jordan, had asked that \"his body be buried in Yemen temporarily until Iraq is liberated and it can be reburied in Iraq\", a family spokesperson said by telephone. The family also said his body might be buried in Ramadi, citing safety concerns, though there are no","psg_id":"9407839"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"indicated that there was only one meeting between representatives of Saddam Hussein and representatives of al-Qaeda. These findings also identified two occasions \"not reported prior to the war, in which Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qa'ida operative. The Intelligence Community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qa'ida and Iraq.\" Conclusion 3: \"Prewar Intelligence Community assessments were inconsistent regarding the likelihood that Saddam Hussein provided chemical and biological weapons (CBW) training to al-Qa'ida. Postwar findings support the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) February 2002 assessment that Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi was likely intentionally misleading his debriefers when he","psg_id":"4952417"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"years\", said Iraqi Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani. \"The execution of Saddam Hussein is a big crime. Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war and was arrested by the U.S. forces, and not by the Iraqi government. It is a crime with which they wanted to cover up many things\", a Sunni politician, Khalaf al-Ulayyan said. \"I don't think it will make much difference because the situation has deteriorated to such an extent that very drastic measures have to be taken to confront the militias and restore law and order\", said Adnan Pachachi. \"Of course, he has some supporters in Iraq—some","psg_id":"19615380"},{"title":"2003 invasion of Iraq","text":"September 2003, \"The Boston Globe\" reported that \"Vice President Dick Cheney, anxious to defend the White House foreign policy amid ongoing violence in Iraq, stunned intelligence analysts and even members of his own administration this week by failing to dismiss a widely discredited claim: that Saddam Hussein might have played a role in the 11 Sept. attacks.\" A year later, presidential candidate John Kerry alleged that Cheney was continuing \"to intentionally mislead the American public by drawing a link between Saddam Hussein and 9/11 in an attempt to make the invasion of Iraq part of the global war on terror.\"","psg_id":"1635269"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"a 34-year-old candy store owner in Baghdad and a Shi'a who lost his uncle due to Saddam, commented, \"He's gone, but our problems continue. We brought problems on ourselves after Saddam because we began fighting Shi'a on Sunni and Sunni on Shi'a.\" Other Iraqis expressed outrage and viewed Saddam as a martyr. \"The president, the leader Saddam Hussein is a martyr and God will put him along with other martyrs. Do not be sad nor complain because he has died the death of a holy warrior\", said Sheik Yahya al-Attawi, a cleric at a mosque. Protests occurred in Samarra, where","psg_id":"19615385"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Saddam Hussein might be wrong, but it is not America who should correct him.\" A shift was, therefore, clearly visible among many Islamic movements in the post war period \"from an initial Islamic ideological rejection of Saddam Hussein, the secular persecutor of Islamic movements, and his invasion of Kuwait to a more populist Arab nationalist, anti-imperialist support for Saddam (or more precisely those issues he represented or championed) and the condemnation of foreign intervention and occupation.\" Saddam, therefore, increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society. Some elements of Sharia","psg_id":"403288"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"early on in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks. President Bush allegedly made the case to Tony Blair as early as September 14, 2001, although Blair urged him not to pursue the claim. In addition, Bush received on September 21, 2001, a classified President's Daily Brief (PDB), indicating the U.S. intelligence community had no evidence linking Saddam Hussein to the September 11th attacks and that \"there was scant credible evidence that Iraq had any significant collaborative ties with Al Qaeda.\" Vice President Dick Cheney had told \"Meet the Press\" on December 9, 2001, that Iraq was harboring Abdul Rahman","psg_id":"4952334"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"in question during the weeks following the fall of Baghdad and the conclusion of the major fighting of the war. Various sightings of Saddam were reported in the weeks following the war, but none was authenticated. At various times Saddam released audio tapes promoting popular resistance to his ousting. Saddam was placed at the top of the \"U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis\". In July 2003, his sons Uday and Qusay and 14-year-old grandson Mustapha were killed in a three-hour gunfight with U.S. forces. On 13 December 2003, in Operation Red Dawn, Saddam Hussein was captured by American forces after being","psg_id":"403299"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein's novels","text":"Saddam Hussein's novels Saddam Hussein, the late President of Iraq, wrote four novels and a number of poems. The first two books (\"Zabibah and the King\" and \"The Fortified Castle\") were \"Written by He Who Wrote It\", a traditional way in Arabic writing to preserve anonymity. Zabibah and the King ( ') also transliterated Zabiba and the King\"', written in 2000, is a novel that the CIA believes was written by Saddam Hussein, probably with the help of some ghostwriters. The plot is a love story about a powerful ruler of medieval Iraq and a beautiful commoner girl named Zabibah.","psg_id":"7845141"},{"title":"Raghad Hussein","text":"Raghad Hussein Raghad Hussein (born 2 September 1968) is a daughter of Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq. In 1983, Raghad was married to Hussein Kamel al-Majid, a high-profile Iraqi defector who shared weapons secrets with UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6. Kamel was killed, along with his brother, by fellow-clan members, who declared them traitors. Saddam had allegedly made it clear that although he had pardoned both Kamel and his brother, they would lose all status, and would not receive any protection. Raghad's sister, Rana Hussein, was married to Hussein Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, who suffered the same fate.","psg_id":"3481468"},{"title":"House of Saddam","text":"Miniseries or Movie and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Shohreh Aghdashloo), winning the latter. House of Saddam House of Saddam is a 2008 drama that charted the rise and fall of Saddam Hussein. A co-production between BBC Television and HBO Films, the series was first broadcast on BBC Two (in the United Kingdom) in four parts between 30 July and 20 August 2008. A pre-title sequence is set in March 2003, showing Saddam watching the broadcast of President George W. Bush's ultimatum to leave Ba'athist Iraq within forty-eight hours. As the bombing of Baghdad commences, Saddam and","psg_id":"12246121"},{"title":"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"those who put pressure on every country, including Turkey, for years to abolish the death sentence.\" Hamas called the execution of Saddam a \"political assassination.\" Saudi Arabia expressed \"surprise and dismay\" and regretted the \"politicisation\" of the trial. A Reuters reporter based in Afghanistan cited a top Taliban commander saying the death of Saddam Hussein \"will boost the morale of Muslims. The jihad in Iraq will be intensified and attacks on invader forces will increase.\" Fauzan Al Anshori, from the Islamic group of Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia, said Bush, too, should stand trial. \"Given the crimes blamed on Saddam, it is","psg_id":"19615395"},{"title":"Hussein of Jordan","text":"that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very closeHussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990, and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. In June 1982, after Iran's victory seemed imminent, Hussein personally carried to Saddam sensitive photographic intelligence forwarded to him by the US. In return, Saddam provided incentives for Jordanian exports to Iraq, which accounted for a quarter of all Jordan's exports, valued at $212.3million in 1989.","psg_id":"857220"},{"title":"Hussein of Jordan","text":"Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. Hussein made a little-known attempt to heal the rift between the two Ba'ath regimes of Iraq and Syria in April 1986. The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. Saddam was angry at Al-Assad for supporting Iran against an Arab country, Iraq, and Al-Assad was adamant about establishing a union between Iraq and Syria, which Saddam rejected. On 11 April","psg_id":"857221"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"the Arab world. John Esposito, however, claims that \"Arabs and Muslims were pulled in two directions. That they rallied not so much to Saddam Hussein as to the bipolar nature of the confrontation (the West versus the Arab Muslim world) and the issues that Saddam proclaimed: Arab unity, self-sufficiency, and social justice.\" As a result, Saddam Hussein appealed to many people for the same reasons that attracted more and more followers to Islamic revivalism and also for the same reasons that fueled anti-Western feelings. As one U.S. Muslim observer noted: \"People forgot about Saddam's record and concentrated on America ...","psg_id":"403287"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish peshmerga rebel forces. The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq, but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack which some including the U.S. supported until several years later. The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties with estimates of up to one million dead. Neither side had achieved what they had originally desired and at the borders were left","psg_id":"403267"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"Union was adopted by the Commission for Human Rights, which stated that there had been no improvement in the human rights crisis in Iraq. The statement condemned President Saddam Hussein's government for its \"systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law\". The resolution demanded that Iraq immediately put an end to its \"summary and arbitrary executions ... the use of rape as a political tool and all enforced and involuntary disappearances\". Many members of the international community, especially the U.S., continued to view Saddam as a bellicose tyrant who was a threat to the stability","psg_id":"403294"},{"title":"Execution of Saddam Hussein","text":"Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him. The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution, showing him being led to the gallows, and ending after his head was in the hangman's noose. International public controversy arose when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by","psg_id":"9407829"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"al-Arab waterway, which divides the two countries. During this period, Saddam Hussein publicly maintained that it was in Iraq's interest not to engage with Iran, and that it was in the interests of both nations to maintain peaceful relations. However, in a private meeting with Salah Omar al-Ali, Iraq's permanent ambassador to the United Nations, he revealed that he intended to invade and occupy a large part of Iran within months. Later (probably to appeal for support from the United States and most Western nations), he would make toppling the Islamic government one of his intentions as well. Iraq invaded","psg_id":"403259"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"News reporter Dan Rather. Talking for more than three hours, he denied possessing any weapons of mass destruction, or any other weapons prohibited by UN guidelines. He also expressed a wish to have a live televised debate with George W. Bush, which was declined. It was his first interview with a U.S. reporter in over a decade. CBS aired the taped interview later that week. Saddam Hussein later told an FBI interviewer that he once left open the possibility that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction in order to appear strong against Iran. The Iraqi government and military collapsed within","psg_id":"403297"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"before his execution; he was concerned to ensure his legacy and how the history would be told. The tour was conducted by U.S. Marine Maj. Gen. Doug Stone, overseer of detention operations for the U.S. military in Iraq at the time. On 30 June 2004, Saddam Hussein, held in custody by U.S. forces at the U.S. base \"Camp Cropper\", along with 11 other senior Ba'athist leaders, were handed over legally (though not physically) to the interim Iraqi government to stand trial for crimes against humanity and other offences. A few weeks later, he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal","psg_id":"403303"},{"title":"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview","text":"President Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney or Secretary of State Colin Powell for the interview, but the White House only offered other officials for the interview, such as Ari Fleischer and Dan Bartlett. The CBS network deemed these individuals inappropriate for the broadcast, and an American interview was never done. Memorable lines: Saddam invited President Bush to a live TV debate, to which Bush declined. On one occasion Saddam interrupted his translator and corrected his use of the term \"Bush\", instead of \"Mr. Bush\", which Saddam explained was out of respect. Saddam Hussein floated an idea of holding a live","psg_id":"6540753"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"long term.\" Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003. He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad, along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials. Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran–Iraq War, against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts, and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown, and was still the president of","psg_id":"6269267"},{"title":"1991 uprisings in Iraq","text":"1991 uprisings in Iraq The 1991 uprisings in Iraq were a series of popular rebellions in northern and southern Iraq in March and April 1991 in a cease fire of the Persian Gulf War. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency, often referred to as the Sha'aban Intifada among Arabs and as the National Uprising among Kurds, was fueled by the perception that then Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was responsible for systemic social repression and had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of two prior wars: the Iran–Iraq War and the invasion of","psg_id":"8677344"},{"title":"Hussein Mjalli","text":"Hussein Mjalli Hussein Mjalli (1937 – 12 October 2014) was a Jordanian politician and lawyer. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1989 until 1993. He served as President of the Jordanian Bar Association for several terms. After the capture of Saddam Hussein in Iraq he joined his defence team, while still President of the Jordanian Bar Association. In 2011 he joined the government of Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit as Justice Minister. He resigned the same year. Mjalli was made Chairman of the Jordanian Bar Association in 1970 and remained in office until 1975. He was President","psg_id":"18359161"},{"title":"Hussein Mjalli","text":"which strengthened the governments suppression of the freedom of the press. Mjalli was involved in the legal defence of Saddam Hussein in 2004. He had been appointed to a 20-member team by Hussein's wife Sajida Talfah. They argued that \"given the invasion of Iraq [had] no legal basis, US-led occupation forces [had] no right to change or cancel the Iraqi constitution\". Mjalli added that \"Iraq, [the] Iraqi people, Iraqi law, and the Iraqi president were hijacked\", concluding that \"the occupation of Iraq was illegal so ipso facto everything that follows is illegal.\" Mjalli considered Saddam Hussein to still be the","psg_id":"18359164"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"be 250,000. Saddam's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. He acquired the title \"Butcher of Baghdad\". In 2003, a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam, in which United States President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair falsely accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda. Saddam's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held. Following his capture on 13 December 2003, the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by","psg_id":"403218"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"a population of 2 million next to Iraq's 25) were roughly equal to those of Iraq. Taken together, Iraq and Kuwait sat on top of some 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves; as an article of comparison, Saudi Arabia holds 25 percent. Saddam complained to the U.S. State Department that Kuwait had slant drilled oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq–Kuwait border. As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam","psg_id":"403273"},{"title":"Rana Hussein","text":"Hussein Kamel al-Majid. Despite this promise, before the end of the month, both Kamels were shot and killed by other clan members who declared them traitors. In 1997, her brother Uday Hussein put Rana and her sister Raghad under house arrest for being involved in a plot to assassinate him. On July 31, 2003, she went back to Jordan, where the king, Abdullah, granted her family asylum. Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is","psg_id":"3369523"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein","text":"of the non-Ba'athist faction led by Prime Minister Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, whose support had been essential to the coup's success. According to a semi-official biography, Saddam personally led Naif at gunpoint to the plane that escorted him out of Iraq. Arif was given refuge in London and then Istanbul. Al-Bakr was named president and Saddam was named his deputy, and deputy chairman of the Ba'athist Revolutionary Command Council. According to biographers, Saddam never forgot the tensions within the first Ba'athist government, which formed the basis for his measures to promote Ba'ath party unity as well as his resolve to maintain","psg_id":"403232"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"to al-Qa'ida.\" (For more information, see Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda timeline for 1995 and December 2005). Several official investigations by U.S. intelligence agencies, foreign intelligence agencies, and independent investigative bodies have looked into various aspects of the alleged links between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. Every single investigation has resulted in the conclusion that the data examined did not provide compelling evidence of a cooperative relationship between the two entities. After the attack on the World Trade Center in 1993, there were several investigations of possible collaboration between Saddam Hussein and the terrorists who attacked the building. Neil Herman, who headed","psg_id":"4952379"},{"title":"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations","text":"from Iraq. Daniel Byman's study of state sponsorship of terrorism similarly did not list Iraq as a significant state sponsor, and called the al-Qaeda connection \"a rationale that before the war was strained and after it seems an ever-weaker reed.\" The conclusion of counterterrorism experts Rohan Gunaratna, Bruce Hoffman, and Daniel Benjamin, as well as journalists Peter Bergen and Jason Burke (who have both written extensively on al-Qaeda), has been that there is no evidence that suggests any collaborative relationship between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. That was similar to the conclusion of specific investigations by the National Security Council, the","psg_id":"4952354"},{"title":"Trial of Saddam Hussein","text":"Rizgar Mohammed Amin, \"Who are you? I want to know who you are.\" When Amin addressed Saddam as \"the former president\", Saddam objected emphatically, saying he was still the President of the Republic of Iraq and had not been deposed. The first session of Saddam's trial lasted three hours. The court adjourned the case until 28 November 2005, as some of the witnesses were too frightened to attend, and to allow the defense more time to study evidence. During an interview with the Arab news agency al-Arabiya following the opening of the trial, Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad branded the court","psg_id":"6269279"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the trial as a show trial that did not meet international standards on the right to a fair trial. Amnesty International stated that the trial was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269265\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"up a tribunal to try him and absolve themselves completely?\\\" Journalist Mohamad Bazzi wrote in 2014 that Hussein's trial and execution deepened sectarianism in Iraq: Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"challenged by journalist Solomon Hughes, writing: \\\"You might remember that we invaded Iraq because Saddam did have WMD, but was pretending he didn't. Now it turns out we invaded Iraq because Saddam did not have WMD, but pretended he did.\\\" How did Saddam let the world believe Iraq had WMD by denying he had WMD? How does this story work? It doesn't, because the [Associated Press] report is false. FBI agent Pinto's actual record of a casual conversation with Saddam reads: \\\"Even though Hussein claimed Iraq did not have WMD, the threat from Iran was a major factor as to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540311\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka\",\n \"text\": \"mosque. After the capture of Saddam by United States military forces, the villagers of Saddam Hussein Village were critical of the U.S. policy in Iraq. Among the comments recorded by the BBC were: 127 Muslims were murdered at three villages, including Saddam Hussein Village, about 10 August 1990, allegedly by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3880431\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"2 August 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait, initially claiming assistance to \\\"Kuwaiti revolutionaries,\\\" thus sparking an international crisis. On 4 August an Iraqi-backed \\\"Provisional Government of Free Kuwait\\\" was proclaimed, but a total lack of legitimacy and support for it led to an 8 August announcement of a \\\"merger\\\" of the two countries. On 28 August Kuwait formally became the 19th Governorate of Iraq. Just two years after the 1988 Iraq and Iran truce, \\\"Saddam Hussein did what his Gulf patrons had earlier paid him to prevent.\\\" Having removed the threat of Iranian fundamentalism he \\\"overran Kuwait and confronted his Gulf\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403277\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"age of 20, Saddam Hussein joined the nascent Ba'ath Party, which was founded on a socialist form of Pan-Arabism. After participating in an unsuccessful 1959 assassination attempt on then Prime Minister of Iraq Abd al-Karim Qasim, Saddam became a fugitive, and eventually fled to Syria and then Egypt. Following the Ba'athists overthrow of the prime minister in the February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, and the counter-coup half a year later, Saddam was jailed in Iraq from 1964 to 1966. The Ba'ath party returned to power after another successful coup in 1968. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, a relative of Saddam Hussein,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540302\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to build the village and its central Mosque. Saddam Hussein first became involved in the village after floods hit the area in 1978 and local authorities approached the Iraqi embassy for help. The former president was said to have readily obliged and sponsored construction of the entire village with some 100 houses, including a school and a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3880430\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"why he did not allow the return of the UN inspectors. Hussein stated he was more concerned about Iran discovering Iraq's weaknesses and vulnerabilities than the repercussions of the United States for his refusal to allow UN inspectors back into Iraq.\\\" So in 1998 Saddam resisted the UN weapons inspectors because he did not want to look weak in front of Iran, with whom he had fought a vicious eight-year war. This is not the same as pretending to have WMD. Saddam did not want to look like he could be pushed around by the UN lest his neighbours scent\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540312\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"weakness, but his government repeatedly—and accurately—denied having WMD. The chronology of the reported meetings between Piro and Saddam in 2004: Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540313\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by the National Security Archive. Saddam, identified as \\\"High Value Detainee #1\\\" in the documents, was the subject of 20 \\\"formal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540298\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview\",\n \"text\": \"uncensored unprepared debate televised worldwide where both American and Iraqi Presidents sitting in their respective countries would discuss their nation's problems. He also said Dan Rather could moderate the debate. This never happened. February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6540754\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview\",\n \"text\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month. Rather and \\\"CBS Evening News\\\" executive producer Jim Murphy were driven around Baghdad for 45 minutes and switched cars on two separate occasions to keep Saddam's position secret. The interview was held at\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6540751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"31 December 2006. He was buried 3 km (2 mi) from his sons Uday and Qusay Hussein. His tomb was reported to have been destroyed in March 2015. Before it was destroyed, a Sunni tribal group reportedly removed his body to a secret location, fearful of what might happen. In August 1995, Raghad and her husband Hussein Kamel al-Majid and Rana and her husband, Saddam Kamel al-Majid, defected to Jordan, taking their children with them. They returned to Iraq when they received assurances that Saddam would pardon them. Within three days of their return in February 1996, both of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403308\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation . The consensus of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952329\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"host Jim Lehrer, that Saddam's execution \\\"looked like it was kind of a revenge killing.\\\" Bush said he was \\\"disappointed and felt like they fumbled the—particularly the Saddam Hussein—execution. It reinforced doubts in people's minds that the Maliki government and the unity government of Iraq is a serious government. ... And it sent a mixed signal to the American people and the people around the world.\\\" Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407847\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"it was \\\"all okay\\\".'\\\" Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"On the other two occasions, the Committee concluded, Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qaeda operative. The intelligence community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qaeda and Iraq. On the more specific question of whether Saddam Hussein was behind the attacks of September 11, 2001, the consensus view is that there is no credible evidence of his government's involvement. On March 20, 2006, President Bush made clear that his administration did not have any evidence to prove Saddam played a role in those attacks. The Bush Administration sought to link the Iraqi dictator to Islamist radicals\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein Kamel al-Majid\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq in 1990. He married one of Saddam Hussein's daughters, Raghad Saddam, and lived in Iraq until 1995. On 7 August of that year, Kamel and his wife defected from Iraq, along with Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, and the brother's wife, Rana Saddam, another of Saddam Hussein's daughters. In a 21 September 1995 interview with CNN, Hussein Kamel explained: This is what made me leave the country, the fact that Saddam Hussein surrounds himself with inefficient ministers and advisers who are not chosen for their competence but according to the whims of the Iraqi president. And as a result of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2611762\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"us and flatter us. We have now grasped the reality of the situation. If the trickery continues, we will be forced to unmask them, all of them, before the French public.\\\" France armed Saddam and it was Iraq's largest trade partner throughout Saddam's rule. Seized documents show how French officials and businessmen close to Chirac, including Charles Pasqua, his former interior minister, personally benefitted from the deals with Saddam. Because Saddam Hussein rarely left Iraq, Tariq Aziz, one of Saddam's aides, traveled abroad extensively and represented Iraq at many diplomatic meetings. In foreign affairs, Saddam sought to have Iraq play\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403253\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq. The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005. At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party (see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein). A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006, trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269268\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"found hiding in a hole in the ground near a farmhouse in ad-Dawr, near Tikrit. Following his capture, Saddam was transported to a U.S. base near Tikrit, and later taken to the American base near Baghdad. Documents obtained and released by the National Security Archive detail FBI interviews and conversations with Hussein while he was in U.S. custody. On 14 December, U.S. administrator in Iraq Paul Bremer confirmed that Saddam Hussein had indeed been captured at a farmhouse in ad-Dawr near Tikrit. Bremer presented video footage of Saddam in custody. Saddam was shown with a full beard and hair longer\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403300\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"board such as that lad, Mansour.\\\" He was later sacked by Al-Jazeera. In 2002, Austrian prosecutors investigated Saddam government's transactions with Fritz Edlinger that possibly violated Austrian money laundering and embargo regulations. Fritz Edlinger, president of the \\\"General Secretary of the Society for Austro-Arab relations\\\" (GÖAB) and a former member of Socialist International's Middle East Committee, was an outspoken supporter of Saddam Hussein. In 2005, an Austrian journalist revealed that Fritz Edlinger's GÖAB had received $100,000 from an Iraqi front company as well as donations from Austrian companies soliciting business in Iraq. In 2002, a resolution sponsored by the European\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"lesson and, like Iran, should only trust the will of their people and not corrupt powers.\\\" Mahathir bin Mohamad, Former Prime Minister of Malaysia said \\\"On the Holy day of Eid, the world watched in horror at the barbaric lynching of President Saddam Hussein of Iraq, allegedly for crimes against humanity. This public murder was sanctioned by the War Criminals, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair.\\\" Terry Davis, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, an international organization of which almost all European states are members, made an official statement condemning the execution: \\\"The trial of Saddam Hussein was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615392\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"On 26 December, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date. The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out. Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging on 30 December 2006. With his death, all other charges were dropped. The 67-year-old, President Saddam Hussein appeared confident and defiant throughout the 46-minute hearing. Alternating between listening to and gesturing at the judge Rizgar Mohammed Amin, he questioned the legitimacy of the tribunal set up to try him. He called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rana Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is Raghad and younger sister is Hala Hussein. In 1986, she married Saddam Kamel al-Majid, brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid, her elder sister Raghad's husband, she has four children. She accompanied her husband to Jordan in 1995, where she lived from August 8 of that year to February 20, 1996. They returned to Iraq after receiving assurances from Saddam Hussein that he would pardon Kamel and his brother,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3369522\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Kuwaitis but Iraq \\\"would not accept death\\\". U.S. officials attempted to maintain a conciliatory line with Iraq, indicating that while George H. W. Bush and James Baker did not want force used, they would not take any position on the Iraq–Kuwait boundary dispute and did not want to become involved. Later, Iraq and Kuwait met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait. As tensions between Washington and Saddam began to escalate, the Soviet Union, under Mikhail Gorbachev, strengthened its military relationship with the Iraqi leader, providing him military advisers, arms and aid. On\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Iran, first attacking Mehrabad Airport of Tehran and then entering the oil-rich Iranian land of Khuzestan, which also has a sizable Arab minority, on 22 September 1980 and declared it a new province of Iraq. With the support of the Arab states, the United States, and Europe, and heavily financed by the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein had become \\\"the defender of the Arab world\\\" against a revolutionary Iran. The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403260\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror.\\\" After the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, which demanded that Iraq give \\\"immediate, unconditional and active cooperation\\\" with UN and IAEA inspections, Saddam allowed U.N. weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix to return to Iraq. During the renewed inspections beginning in November 2002, Blix found no stockpiles of WMD and noted the \\\"proactive\\\" but not always \\\"immediate\\\" Iraqi cooperation as called for by UN Security Council Resolution 1441. With war still looming on 24 February 2003, Saddam Hussein took part in an interview with CBS\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403296\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"I knew they wanted to administer the sentence before the end of the year, but why on the Muslim holiday? People are executed all over the world, but what happened in Baghdad on the first day of Eid al-Adha was unthinkable. I didn't believe it was happening\\\", he said. \\\"In the end, no one will ever forget the circumstances and the way in which Saddam was executed. They turned him into a martyr, and the problems in Iraq remained.\\\" Muammar Gaddafi, Leader of Libya said that \\\"Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war held by the US occupation forces, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615390\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice President of Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"Iraq which deemed their abolition unconstitutional. The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President. Vice President of Iraq Iraq has three vice presidents or deputy presidents, although a debate is ongoing about a political reform to abolish their posts. The office of Vice-President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its \\\"Transitional Guidelines,\\\" creates a three-member Presidency (or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7857184\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Refugees of Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"safe area. On February 15, 1991, President George H.W Bush called upon the Iraqi people to overthrow Saddam Hussein, which did not occur until 2003 under the administration of his son, President George W. Bush, and incited the recent Iraq War. Refugees from Iraq have increased in number since the US-led invasion into Iraq in March 2003. After Saddam Hussein fell in 2003, over 30,000 refugees returned home within two years. But by 2006, they were fleeing again due to sectarian violence that culminated with the al-Askari mosque bombing in February 2006. The US occupation and ethnic conflict among Iraqis\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9394083\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"been discussed by two witnesses, Iraqi Judge Munir Haddad and Iraqi national security adviser Mowaffak al-Rubaie. The accounts of the two witnesses are contradictory as Haddad describes Saddam as being strong in his final moments whereas al-Rubaie says Saddam was clearly afraid. Not long before the execution, Saddam's lawyers released his last letter. A second unofficial video, apparently showing Saddam's body on a trolley, emerged several days later. It sparked speculation that the execution was carried out incorrectly as Saddam Hussein had a gaping hole in his neck. Saddam was buried at his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403307\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights organizations have documented government-approved executions, acts of torture and rape for decades since Saddam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1639248\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"My Year in Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"refused to defend Saddam Hussein's regime. A number of important issues are raised in the book including the capture of Saddam Hussein, the First Battle of Fallujah, and the crisis of Muqtada al-Sadr. My Year in Iraq My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope is a memoir by ambassador Paul Bremer, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Published in the United States on 9 January 2006 it covers the period between May 2003 to July 2004. Bremer takes the readers through his struggle with Iraq's leaders to build democratic institutions. He also describes negotiations with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18758609\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"know I didn't say that there was a direct connection between September the 11th and Saddam Hussein.\\\" Bush reaffirmed the White House position in even stronger terms in a press conference on 21 August 2006. Ken Herman of Cox News asked, \\\"What did Iraq have to do with ... the attack on the World Trade Center?\\\" Bush replied, \\\"Nothing.\\\" Bush elaborated on his answer and added, \\\"Nobody has ever suggested that the attacks of September the 11th were ordered by Iraq.\\\" Opponents of his Iraq policy charged that his statement was inconsistent with his letter to Congress of March 21,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Kamel\",\n \"text\": \"1995, he defected from Iraq with his brother and their wives. His brother gave information to UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6 about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. In 1996, they returned to Iraq believing they had been pardoned for their actions; however, the brothers were executed in a prolonged gun battle shortly after they returned. Saddam Kamel Saddam Kamel Hassan al-Majid (1956-1996) was the second cousin and son-in-law of deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. He was married to Rana Hussein and was the brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid (who was also married to a daughter of Saddam, Raghad Hussein). He\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3479565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"became president. Arif dismissed and arrested the Ba'athist leaders later that year in the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état. Being exiled in Egypt at the time, Saddam played no role in the 1963 coup or the brutal anti-communist purge that followed; although he returned to Iraq after the coup, Saddam remained \\\"on the fringes of the newly installed Ba'thi administration and [had] to content himself with the minor position of a member of the Party's central bureau for peasants,\\\" in the words of Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi Unlike during the Qasim years, Saddam remained in Iraq following Arif's anti-Ba'athist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403229\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"to suffer losses from human wave attacks by Iran. By 1982, Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war. At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Dr. Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations. Initially, Saddam Hussein appeared to take in this opinion as part of his cabinet democracy. A few weeks later, Dr. Ibrahim was sacked when held responsible for a fatal incident in an Iraqi hospital where a patient died from intravenous administration of the wrong concentration of potassium supplement. Dr. Ibrahim was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403262\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \\\"bitter history\\\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \\\"responsible for most of the atrocities committed against the Assyrians in particular, due to proximity and a long tradition\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3142379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"the goals of various Iraqi regimes, causing violence to break out when political negotiations broke down: Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \\\"bitter history\\\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \\\"responsible for most\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3142397\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"November 1963 in a military coup led by a small group of officers. For the next five years power shifted among the officers until 1968, when another coup brought the Baath back to power. When the Baathists came back to power, two men, Saddam Hussein and Bakr, increasingly dominated the party. Although Bakr was the older and more prestigious of the two, by 1969 Saddam \\\"clearly had become the moving force behind the party.\\\" Human rights violations in Iraq often came from conflicts between the country's rulers and members of distinct ethnic communities, especially the Kurds and Shiite Arabs, although\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3142395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"in trial proceedings by the removal of a judge mid-trial, exclusion of members of the defense team at points in the trial, assassination of multiple members of the defence team, and the closure of the trial before the defence team had completed presenting its legal case. In the opening statement of the Jury of Conscience of the World Tribunal on Iraq, keynote speaker Arundhati Roy retorted, \\\"Saddam Hussein is being tried as a war criminal even as we speak. But what about those who helped to install him in power, who armed him, who supported him—and who are now setting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269293\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"House of Saddam\",\n \"text\": \"is overthrown. During a holiday celebrating Iraq's \\\"victory\\\" over Iran, the Kamel brothers cross the border to Jordan with their wives, Raghad and Rana Hussein. The women, Saddam's daughters, warn their husbands of the potential consequences should Saddam discover their absences. Meanwhile, at a holiday party, Uday rapes a waitress. Qusay realises that his sisters are missing and notifies Saddam. In Jordan, King Hussein grants the self-exiled group asylum just as Saddam declares them traitors in Iraq. Hussein Kamel plans to oust Saddam with Western support, and to reveal state secrets once installed as president. His plans are undermined when\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12246112\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"was largely the product of the pervasive secret police and systematic use of torture. Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1639255\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"and Poland expressed approval of the execution. A spokesman for Poland's president said, \\\"justice has been meted out to a criminal who murdered thousands of people in Iraq.\\\" In the United States, President George W. Bush made a statement, \\\"Bringing Saddam Hussein to justice will not end the violence in Iraq, but it is an important milestone on Iraq's course to becoming a democracy that can govern, sustain, and defend itself.\\\" Celebration in the United States occurred in at least one location in Dearborn, Michigan, at the corner of Warren and Greenfield, a heavily Shi'a Iraqi-American community. In Iran, members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615398\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein were varied. Some strongly supported the execution, particularly those personally affected by Saddam's actions as leader. Some of these victims wished to see him brought to trial for his other actions, alleged to have resulted in a much greater number of deaths than those for which he was convicted. Some believed the execution would boost morale in Iraq, while others feared it would incite further violence. Many in the international community supported Saddam being brought to justice but objected in particular to the use of capital\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"a few FBI agents who spoke Arabic fluently. Saddam was led to believe that his interrogator was a high-ranking U.S. government official with direct access to U.S. President George W. Bush, when in reality he was in a relatively low-level position at the time. Piro discussed the interrogation process during an interview on the television news magazine \\\"60 Minutes\\\" in January 2008. In an official statement, a senior FBI official in Piro’s chain of command characterized the perceived success of their interrogation of Saddam Hussein as one of the agency's top accomplishments in its 100-year history. In 1957, at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540301\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"CIA activities in Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"President George W. Bush's 2003 State of the Union address to support waging a preventive war against Iraq. See Iraq 2007 investigations for the aftermath of this claims and disclosures about them. Kenneth Pollack, a former National Security Council expert on Iraq, who generally supported the use of force to remove Saddam Hussein, told Seymour Hersh that what the Bush administration did was \\\"... dismantle the existing filtering process that for fifty years had been preventing the policymakers from getting bad information. They created stovepipes to get the information they wanted directly to the top leadership... They always had information\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11899115\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq.\\\" Amnesty International issued a statement that it \\\"opposed the death penalty in all circumstances but it was especially egregious when this ultimate punishment is imposed after an unfair trial.\\\" Two days before the execution, the International Federation of Human Rights released a statement calling upon the Head of State to issue a moratorium on the death sentence pronounced against Saddam Hussein by hanging. The organization also said Saddam should be treated as a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions. Juan Cole said that the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407843\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Interrogation of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein, translated from Arabic to English by the FBI. Some of these quotes were highlighted in secondary source accounts of the reports, including these (grouped by subject in rough chronological order): A number of press reports describe the Iraqi dictator admitting to a catastrophic miscalculation, having misled the United States into believing Iraq still possessed biological and chemical weapons. According to the \\\"Associated Press\\\": \\\"Saddam Hussein told an FBI interviewer before he was hanged that he allowed the world to believe he had weapons of mass destruction because he was worried about appearing weak to Iran\\\". This interpretation has been\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13540310\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"19 October Trial Saddam appeared defiant. He rejected the tribunal's legitimacy and independence from the control of the foreign occupation. \\\"I do not respond to this so-called court, with all due respect to its people, and I retain my constitutional right as the president of Iraq\\\", Saddam declared. He added, \\\"Neither do I recognize the body that has designated and authorized you, nor the aggression because all that has been built on false basis is false.\\\" When the judge asked for his name, Saddam refused, stating \\\"I am the president of the Iraq\\\". He returned the question, asking Kurdish judge\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269278\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"al-Neda, denies this claim. Mowaffak al-Rubaie, Iraq's security advisor, stated, \\\"I oversaw the whole process from A-Z and Saddam Hussein's body was not stabbed or mutilated, and he was not humiliated before execution.\\\" Saddam's body was buried in his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, near family members, including his two sons Uday and Qusay Hussein, on 31 December 2006 at 04:00 local time (01:00 GMT). His body was transported to Tikrit by a U.S. military helicopter. Saddam was handed over from Iraqi Government possession to Sheikh Ali al-Nida, the late head of the Albu Nasir tribe and governor of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Iraq War in Anbar Province\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein, Saddam's family considered interring him in Ramadi because of the improved security situation. On 30 December, an unknown number of loyalists near Ramadi staged a march carrying pictures of Saddam Hussein and waving Iraqi flags. In his State of the Union Address on 23 January 2007, President Bush announced plans to deploy more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq in what became known as the Surge. Four thousand were specifically earmarked for Anbar, which Bush acknowledged had become both an AQI haven and a center of resistance against AQI. Instead of deploying new units, the Marine Corps\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12474263\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"Afghanistan to meet with bin Laden. Three intelligence agencies tell ABC News they cannot be certain what was discussed, but almost certainly, they say, bin Laden has been told he would be welcome in Baghdad. This story is repeated by CNN on 13 February. The article reports that \\\"Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has offered asylum to bin Laden, who openly supports Iraq against the Western powers.\\\" Indeed, intelligence agencies tracked contacts between Iraqi agents and Al Qaeda agents in the '90s in Sudan and Afghanistan, where bin Laden is believed to have met with Farouk Hijazi, head of Iraqi intelligence.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8048185\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"regions of Iraq led by the government of Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an, which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Ba'athist administration for a series of attacks against the \\\"peshmerga\\\" rebels and the mostly Kurdish civilian population of rural Northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 culminating in 1988. This campaign also targeted Shabaks and Yazidis, Assyrians, Turkoman people and Mandeans and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed. Human Rights Watch estimates that between 50,000 and 100,000 people\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403270\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"President Clinton ordered a four-day bombing campaign of Iraq, known as Operation Desert Fox, the Arabic language daily newspaper \\\"Al-Quds Al-Arabi\\\" speculated in an editorial that President Saddam Hussein, whose country was subjected to a four-day air strike, will look for support in taking revenge on the United States and Britain by cooperating with Saudi oppositionist Osama bin Laden, whom the United States considers to be the most wanted person in the world. Saddam Hussayn and Usama bin Ladin have sealed a pact. Faruk Hidjazi, the former Director of the Iraqi Secret Services and now the country's Ambassador to Turkey,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8048182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Salaheddin, to be buried. He was buried about three kilometers (2 mi) from his two sons in the same cemetery. Saddam Hussein's grave, in a family plot, was dug into the floor of an octagonal, domed building he had built in the 1980s for religious festivals. Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad Hussein, under asylum in Jordan, had asked that \\\"his body be buried in Yemen temporarily until Iraq is liberated and it can be reburied in Iraq\\\", a family spokesperson said by telephone. The family also said his body might be buried in Ramadi, citing safety concerns, though there are no\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407839\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"indicated that there was only one meeting between representatives of Saddam Hussein and representatives of al-Qaeda. These findings also identified two occasions \\\"not reported prior to the war, in which Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qa'ida operative. The Intelligence Community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qa'ida and Iraq.\\\" Conclusion 3: \\\"Prewar Intelligence Community assessments were inconsistent regarding the likelihood that Saddam Hussein provided chemical and biological weapons (CBW) training to al-Qa'ida. Postwar findings support the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) February 2002 assessment that Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi was likely intentionally misleading his debriefers when he\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952417\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"years\\\", said Iraqi Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani. \\\"The execution of Saddam Hussein is a big crime. Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war and was arrested by the U.S. forces, and not by the Iraqi government. It is a crime with which they wanted to cover up many things\\\", a Sunni politician, Khalaf al-Ulayyan said. \\\"I don't think it will make much difference because the situation has deteriorated to such an extent that very drastic measures have to be taken to confront the militias and restore law and order\\\", said Adnan Pachachi. \\\"Of course, he has some supporters in Iraq—some\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615380\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"2003 invasion of Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"September 2003, \\\"The Boston Globe\\\" reported that \\\"Vice President Dick Cheney, anxious to defend the White House foreign policy amid ongoing violence in Iraq, stunned intelligence analysts and even members of his own administration this week by failing to dismiss a widely discredited claim: that Saddam Hussein might have played a role in the 11 Sept. attacks.\\\" A year later, presidential candidate John Kerry alleged that Cheney was continuing \\\"to intentionally mislead the American public by drawing a link between Saddam Hussein and 9/11 in an attempt to make the invasion of Iraq part of the global war on terror.\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1635269\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"a 34-year-old candy store owner in Baghdad and a Shi'a who lost his uncle due to Saddam, commented, \\\"He's gone, but our problems continue. We brought problems on ourselves after Saddam because we began fighting Shi'a on Sunni and Sunni on Shi'a.\\\" Other Iraqis expressed outrage and viewed Saddam as a martyr. \\\"The president, the leader Saddam Hussein is a martyr and God will put him along with other martyrs. Do not be sad nor complain because he has died the death of a holy warrior\\\", said Sheik Yahya al-Attawi, a cleric at a mosque. Protests occurred in Samarra, where\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein might be wrong, but it is not America who should correct him.\\\" A shift was, therefore, clearly visible among many Islamic movements in the post war period \\\"from an initial Islamic ideological rejection of Saddam Hussein, the secular persecutor of Islamic movements, and his invasion of Kuwait to a more populist Arab nationalist, anti-imperialist support for Saddam (or more precisely those issues he represented or championed) and the condemnation of foreign intervention and occupation.\\\" Saddam, therefore, increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society. Some elements of Sharia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403288\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"early on in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks. President Bush allegedly made the case to Tony Blair as early as September 14, 2001, although Blair urged him not to pursue the claim. In addition, Bush received on September 21, 2001, a classified President's Daily Brief (PDB), indicating the U.S. intelligence community had no evidence linking Saddam Hussein to the September 11th attacks and that \\\"there was scant credible evidence that Iraq had any significant collaborative ties with Al Qaeda.\\\" Vice President Dick Cheney had told \\\"Meet the Press\\\" on December 9, 2001, that Iraq was harboring Abdul Rahman\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952334\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"in question during the weeks following the fall of Baghdad and the conclusion of the major fighting of the war. Various sightings of Saddam were reported in the weeks following the war, but none was authenticated. At various times Saddam released audio tapes promoting popular resistance to his ousting. Saddam was placed at the top of the \\\"U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis\\\". In July 2003, his sons Uday and Qusay and 14-year-old grandson Mustapha were killed in a three-hour gunfight with U.S. forces. On 13 December 2003, in Operation Red Dawn, Saddam Hussein was captured by American forces after being\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403299\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein's novels\",\n \"text\": \"Saddam Hussein's novels Saddam Hussein, the late President of Iraq, wrote four novels and a number of poems. The first two books (\\\"Zabibah and the King\\\" and \\\"The Fortified Castle\\\") were \\\"Written by He Who Wrote It\\\", a traditional way in Arabic writing to preserve anonymity. Zabibah and the King ( ') also transliterated Zabiba and the King\\\"', written in 2000, is a novel that the CIA believes was written by Saddam Hussein, probably with the help of some ghostwriters. The plot is a love story about a powerful ruler of medieval Iraq and a beautiful commoner girl named Zabibah.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7845141\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Raghad Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Raghad Hussein Raghad Hussein (born 2 September 1968) is a daughter of Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq. In 1983, Raghad was married to Hussein Kamel al-Majid, a high-profile Iraqi defector who shared weapons secrets with UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6. Kamel was killed, along with his brother, by fellow-clan members, who declared them traitors. Saddam had allegedly made it clear that although he had pardoned both Kamel and his brother, they would lose all status, and would not receive any protection. Raghad's sister, Rana Hussein, was married to Hussein Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, who suffered the same fate.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3481468\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"House of Saddam\",\n \"text\": \"Miniseries or Movie and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Shohreh Aghdashloo), winning the latter. House of Saddam House of Saddam is a 2008 drama that charted the rise and fall of Saddam Hussein. A co-production between BBC Television and HBO Films, the series was first broadcast on BBC Two (in the United Kingdom) in four parts between 30 July and 20 August 2008. A pre-title sequence is set in March 2003, showing Saddam watching the broadcast of President George W. Bush's ultimatum to leave Ba'athist Iraq within forty-eight hours. As the bombing of Baghdad commences, Saddam and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12246121\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"those who put pressure on every country, including Turkey, for years to abolish the death sentence.\\\" Hamas called the execution of Saddam a \\\"political assassination.\\\" Saudi Arabia expressed \\\"surprise and dismay\\\" and regretted the \\\"politicisation\\\" of the trial. A Reuters reporter based in Afghanistan cited a top Taliban commander saying the death of Saddam Hussein \\\"will boost the morale of Muslims. The jihad in Iraq will be intensified and attacks on invader forces will increase.\\\" Fauzan Al Anshori, from the Islamic group of Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia, said Bush, too, should stand trial. \\\"Given the crimes blamed on Saddam, it is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19615395\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein of Jordan\",\n \"text\": \"that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very closeHussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990, and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. In June 1982, after Iran's victory seemed imminent, Hussein personally carried to Saddam sensitive photographic intelligence forwarded to him by the US. In return, Saddam provided incentives for Jordanian exports to Iraq, which accounted for a quarter of all Jordan's exports, valued at $212.3million in 1989.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"857220\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein of Jordan\",\n \"text\": \"Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. Hussein made a little-known attempt to heal the rift between the two Ba'ath regimes of Iraq and Syria in April 1986. The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. Saddam was angry at Al-Assad for supporting Iran against an Arab country, Iraq, and Al-Assad was adamant about establishing a union between Iraq and Syria, which Saddam rejected. On 11 April\",\n \"psg_id\": \"857221\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"the Arab world. John Esposito, however, claims that \\\"Arabs and Muslims were pulled in two directions. That they rallied not so much to Saddam Hussein as to the bipolar nature of the confrontation (the West versus the Arab Muslim world) and the issues that Saddam proclaimed: Arab unity, self-sufficiency, and social justice.\\\" As a result, Saddam Hussein appealed to many people for the same reasons that attracted more and more followers to Islamic revivalism and also for the same reasons that fueled anti-Western feelings. As one U.S. Muslim observer noted: \\\"People forgot about Saddam's record and concentrated on America ...\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403287\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish peshmerga rebel forces. The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq, but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack which some including the U.S. supported until several years later. The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties with estimates of up to one million dead. Neither side had achieved what they had originally desired and at the borders were left\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Union was adopted by the Commission for Human Rights, which stated that there had been no improvement in the human rights crisis in Iraq. The statement condemned President Saddam Hussein's government for its \\\"systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law\\\". The resolution demanded that Iraq immediately put an end to its \\\"summary and arbitrary executions ... the use of rape as a political tool and all enforced and involuntary disappearances\\\". Many members of the international community, especially the U.S., continued to view Saddam as a bellicose tyrant who was a threat to the stability\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403294\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him. The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution, showing him being led to the gallows, and ending after his head was in the hangman's noose. International public controversy arose when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9407829\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"al-Arab waterway, which divides the two countries. During this period, Saddam Hussein publicly maintained that it was in Iraq's interest not to engage with Iran, and that it was in the interests of both nations to maintain peaceful relations. However, in a private meeting with Salah Omar al-Ali, Iraq's permanent ambassador to the United Nations, he revealed that he intended to invade and occupy a large part of Iran within months. Later (probably to appeal for support from the United States and most Western nations), he would make toppling the Islamic government one of his intentions as well. Iraq invaded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403259\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"News reporter Dan Rather. Talking for more than three hours, he denied possessing any weapons of mass destruction, or any other weapons prohibited by UN guidelines. He also expressed a wish to have a live televised debate with George W. Bush, which was declined. It was his first interview with a U.S. reporter in over a decade. CBS aired the taped interview later that week. Saddam Hussein later told an FBI interviewer that he once left open the possibility that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction in order to appear strong against Iran. The Iraqi government and military collapsed within\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403297\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"before his execution; he was concerned to ensure his legacy and how the history would be told. The tour was conducted by U.S. Marine Maj. Gen. Doug Stone, overseer of detention operations for the U.S. military in Iraq at the time. On 30 June 2004, Saddam Hussein, held in custody by U.S. forces at the U.S. base \\\"Camp Cropper\\\", along with 11 other senior Ba'athist leaders, were handed over legally (though not physically) to the interim Iraqi government to stand trial for crimes against humanity and other offences. A few weeks later, he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403303\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview\",\n \"text\": \"President Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney or Secretary of State Colin Powell for the interview, but the White House only offered other officials for the interview, such as Ari Fleischer and Dan Bartlett. The CBS network deemed these individuals inappropriate for the broadcast, and an American interview was never done. Memorable lines: Saddam invited President Bush to a live TV debate, to which Bush declined. On one occasion Saddam interrupted his translator and corrected his use of the term \\\"Bush\\\", instead of \\\"Mr. Bush\\\", which Saddam explained was out of respect. Saddam Hussein floated an idea of holding a live\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6540753\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"long term.\\\" Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003. He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad, along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials. Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran–Iraq War, against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts, and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown, and was still the president of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269267\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1991 uprisings in Iraq\",\n \"text\": \"1991 uprisings in Iraq The 1991 uprisings in Iraq were a series of popular rebellions in northern and southern Iraq in March and April 1991 in a cease fire of the Persian Gulf War. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency, often referred to as the Sha'aban Intifada among Arabs and as the National Uprising among Kurds, was fueled by the perception that then Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was responsible for systemic social repression and had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of two prior wars: the Iran–Iraq War and the invasion of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8677344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein Mjalli\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein Mjalli Hussein Mjalli (1937 – 12 October 2014) was a Jordanian politician and lawyer. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1989 until 1993. He served as President of the Jordanian Bar Association for several terms. After the capture of Saddam Hussein in Iraq he joined his defence team, while still President of the Jordanian Bar Association. In 2011 he joined the government of Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit as Justice Minister. He resigned the same year. Mjalli was made Chairman of the Jordanian Bar Association in 1970 and remained in office until 1975. He was President\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18359161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Hussein Mjalli\",\n \"text\": \"which strengthened the governments suppression of the freedom of the press. Mjalli was involved in the legal defence of Saddam Hussein in 2004. He had been appointed to a 20-member team by Hussein's wife Sajida Talfah. They argued that \\\"given the invasion of Iraq [had] no legal basis, US-led occupation forces [had] no right to change or cancel the Iraqi constitution\\\". Mjalli added that \\\"Iraq, [the] Iraqi people, Iraqi law, and the Iraqi president were hijacked\\\", concluding that \\\"the occupation of Iraq was illegal so ipso facto everything that follows is illegal.\\\" Mjalli considered Saddam Hussein to still be the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18359164\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"be 250,000. Saddam's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. He acquired the title \\\"Butcher of Baghdad\\\". In 2003, a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam, in which United States President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair falsely accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda. Saddam's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held. Following his capture on 13 December 2003, the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403218\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"a population of 2 million next to Iraq's 25) were roughly equal to those of Iraq. Taken together, Iraq and Kuwait sat on top of some 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves; as an article of comparison, Saudi Arabia holds 25 percent. Saddam complained to the U.S. State Department that Kuwait had slant drilled oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq–Kuwait border. As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Rana Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Hussein Kamel al-Majid. Despite this promise, before the end of the month, both Kamels were shot and killed by other clan members who declared them traitors. In 1997, her brother Uday Hussein put Rana and her sister Raghad under house arrest for being involved in a plot to assassinate him. On July 31, 2003, she went back to Jordan, where the king, Abdullah, granted her family asylum. Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3369523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"of the non-Ba'athist faction led by Prime Minister Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, whose support had been essential to the coup's success. According to a semi-official biography, Saddam personally led Naif at gunpoint to the plane that escorted him out of Iraq. Arif was given refuge in London and then Istanbul. Al-Bakr was named president and Saddam was named his deputy, and deputy chairman of the Ba'athist Revolutionary Command Council. According to biographers, Saddam never forgot the tensions within the first Ba'athist government, which formed the basis for his measures to promote Ba'ath party unity as well as his resolve to maintain\",\n \"psg_id\": \"403232\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"to al-Qa'ida.\\\" (For more information, see Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda timeline for 1995 and December 2005). Several official investigations by U.S. intelligence agencies, foreign intelligence agencies, and independent investigative bodies have looked into various aspects of the alleged links between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. Every single investigation has resulted in the conclusion that the data examined did not provide compelling evidence of a cooperative relationship between the two entities. After the attack on the World Trade Center in 1993, there were several investigations of possible collaboration between Saddam Hussein and the terrorists who attacked the building. Neil Herman, who headed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations\",\n \"text\": \"from Iraq. Daniel Byman's study of state sponsorship of terrorism similarly did not list Iraq as a significant state sponsor, and called the al-Qaeda connection \\\"a rationale that before the war was strained and after it seems an ever-weaker reed.\\\" The conclusion of counterterrorism experts Rohan Gunaratna, Bruce Hoffman, and Daniel Benjamin, as well as journalists Peter Bergen and Jason Burke (who have both written extensively on al-Qaeda), has been that there is no evidence that suggests any collaborative relationship between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. That was similar to the conclusion of specific investigations by the National Security Council, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4952354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Trial of Saddam Hussein\",\n \"text\": \"Rizgar Mohammed Amin, \\\"Who are you? I want to know who you are.\\\" When Amin addressed Saddam as \\\"the former president\\\", Saddam objected emphatically, saying he was still the President of the Republic of Iraq and had not been deposed. The first session of Saddam's trial lasted three hours. The court adjourned the case until 28 November 2005, as some of the witnesses were too frightened to attend, and to allow the defense more time to study evidence. During an interview with the Arab news agency al-Arabiya following the opening of the trial, Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad branded the court\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6269279\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine","1979"],"string":"[\n \"one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine\",\n \"1979\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":597,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who became chair of joint chiefs of staff in 1989?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"as to delegate some of the chairman's responsibilities, particularly resource allocation through the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). General Colin L. Powell (1989–1993) was the first and, as of 2011, the only African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Peter Pace (Vice Chairman 2001–2005; Chairman, 2005–2007) was the first Marine to serve in either position. No woman has ever served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act added the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Guard historians called it the \"most significant","psg_id":"1600563"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"as to delegate some of the chairman's responsibilities, particularly resource allocation through the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). General Colin L. Powell (1989–1993) was the first and, as of 2011, the only African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Peter Pace (Vice Chairman 2001–2005; Chairman, 2005–2007) was the first Marine to serve in either position. No woman has ever served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act added the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Guard historians called it the \\\"most significant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600563\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), the Military Service Chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force, and the Chief of the National","psg_id":"1600547"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), an advisory body within the Department of Defense comprising the Chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947. The 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act elevated the","psg_id":"2291342"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"be appointed as Chairman and Vice Chairman, pursuant to and respectively, which use the collective term \"armed forces\" rather than listing the eligible services. However no Coast Guard officer has been appointed to either position as of 2016. The Coast Guard does have one officer who was appointed in 2016 to the Joint Staff who currently serves as J6. Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and","psg_id":"1600571"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"July 1942 – 21 March 1949). He was not technically the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\". That post was established and first held by General of the Army Omar Bradley in 1949. The position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was created by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. The vice chairman is a four-star-general or admiral and, by law, is the second highest-ranking member of the U.S. Armed Forces (after the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). In","psg_id":"1600566"},{"title":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the Chairmain of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was the Chief of the Defence Staff. † denotes people who died in office. The content of this article incorporates material published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado, which is in the public domain in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Law. Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted","psg_id":"20565020"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chiefs of Staff acts as the chief military advisor to the President and the Secretary of Defense. In this strictly advisory role, the Joint Chiefs constitute the second-highest deliberatory body for military policy, after the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council, which includes the President and other officials besides the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. While serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or Commandant of the Coast Guard, the salary","psg_id":"1600551"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of service of the three branches of the Pakistan Armed and Defense Services. Each service chief, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, performs their duty directly for the Ministry of Defence. Following the Hamoodur Rahman Commission, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee does not have operational command authority. Instead, the Joint Chief of Staff Committee is a principal military advisory body, and coordinates command operations between the services. The Committee is headed by the four-star officer who is designated as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC). The chairman is the de Jure Commander in chief of all","psg_id":"7161859"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"development\" for the National Guard since the Militia Act of 1903. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest-ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the United States","psg_id":"1600564"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"is considered a \"de facto\" JCS member for certain purposes and, by statute, is entitled to the same supplemental pay as the Joint Chiefs and is accorded the same privilege of the floor under Senate Rule XXIII(1) during Presidential addresses. The commandant is occasionally invited by the chairman to attend meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also, in contrast to the Joint Chiefs, who are not in the military's operational chain of command, the commandant is in operational command of his service. As the military of the United States grew in size following the American Civil War, joint military","psg_id":"1600553"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chiefs of Staff does not have operational command of U.S. military forces. Responsibility for conducting military operations goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands and thus bypasses the Joint Chiefs of Staff completely. Today, their primary responsibility is to ensure the personnel readiness, policy, planning and training of their respective military services for the combatant commanders to utilize. The Joint Chiefs of Staff also act in a military advisory capacity for the President of the United States and the Secretary of Defense. In addition, the Chairman of the Joint","psg_id":"1600550"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Joint Staff Headquarters located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. All studies were accepted in March 1976, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was officially formed with army general Muhammad Shariff becoming its first Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. It is headed by a four-star officer designated as Chairman. , there had been fourteen four-star Pakistan military officers who headed the Committee Secretariat. Altogether, there has been twelve were from the army, one from the Air Force, and two from the Navy have served. The headquarters are known as Joint Staff Headquarters and act as secretariat of JCSC. It is located","psg_id":"7161865"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. He also performs all other functions prescribed under or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff under his name. The principal deputy to the Chairman is the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), another four-star general or admiral, who among many duties chairs the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Joint Staff, led by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star general or admiral. The Joint Staff is an organization composed","psg_id":"2291345"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"by the Prime minister and confirmed by the President. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee outranks all other four-star officers; however, he does not have operational command authority over the Armed Forces. In his capacity as chief military adviser, he assists the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defense in exercising their command functions. Technically, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is the highest military body; and its Chairman joint chiefs serves as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO) to the civilian Prime Minister, Cabinet, National Security Council (its adviser), and the President. The Joint Chiefs of Staff","psg_id":"7161867"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"during World War II. The Joint Board had little influence during the war and was ultimately disbanded in 1947. As a counterpart to the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee in the CCS, and to provide better coordinated effort and coordinated staff work for America's military effort, Admiral William D. Leahy proposed a \"unified high command\" in what would come to be called the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Modeled on the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, the JCS' first formal meeting was held on 9 February 1942, to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The official history of","psg_id":"1600558"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman acts as principal military adviser to the Prime Minister in the supervision and conduct of joint warfare. Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on","psg_id":"7161869"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"from all the five armed services, assisting the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities. They work closely with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Department staffs, and the Combatant Command Staffs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star officer who assists the chairman with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard, who have been assigned to assist","psg_id":"1600569"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime minister. The chairman is selected based on seniority and merit from the Chiefs","psg_id":"7161858"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He may also perform such duties as the chairman may prescribe. It was not until the National Defense Authorization Act in 1992 that the position was made a full voting member of the JCS. The current vice chairman is General Paul J. Selva, USAF. The Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (SEAC) advises on all matters concerning joint and combined total force integration, utilization, development, and helps develop noncommissioned officers related joint professional education, enhance utilization","psg_id":"1600567"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the combined efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC), comprising the Chairman, the Chief of","psg_id":"4737016"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Guard Bureau, all appointed by the President following Senate confirmation. Each of the individual Military Service Chiefs, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, works directly for the Secretary of the Military Department concerned, i.e., Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force. Following the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986, the Joint Chiefs of Staff do not have operational command authority, either individually or collectively, as the chain of command goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense, and from the Secretary of Defense to the Commanders of the Combatant Commands. Goldwater–Nichols also","psg_id":"1600548"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in The Pentagon. The chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, but does not have command authority over them, their service branches or the Unified Combatant Commands. All combatant commanders receive operational orders directly from the Secretary of Defense. The current chairman is General Joseph Dunford, USMC, who began his term on October 1, 2015. On 20 July 1942, Navy Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (20","psg_id":"1600565"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel of the Armed Forces. The National Command Authority runs from the President and the Minister of National Defense to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and then to Operational Commands of the service branches, bypassing the","psg_id":"11236443"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)","text":"either the Navy or the Air Force. The Commandant of the Marine Corps, legally subordinate to the Republic of Korea Navy, can attend the Joint Chiefs of Staff meetings when examining the matter pertaining to the Marine Corps. Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel","psg_id":"11236445"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were: As the table indicates, each of the members of the original Joint Chiefs was a four-star flag or general officer in his respective service branch. By the end of the war, however, each had been promoted: Leahy and King to Fleet Admiral; Marshall and Arnold to General of the Army. Arnold was later appointed to the grade of General of the Air Force. One of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's committees was the Joint Strategic Survey Committee (JSSC). The JSSC was an extraordinary JCS committee that existed from 1942 until 1947. It was","psg_id":"1600560"},{"title":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted the highest collegiate body of the chain of military command of Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The Board consisted of a president, selected from among lieutenant generals or admirals of the three branches of the Armed Forces, their chiefs of staff (Army, Navy and the Air Force) and a secretary. The president had to","psg_id":"20565018"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill established the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) during the 1942 Arcadia Conference. The CCS would serve as the supreme military body for strategic direction of the combined US-British Empire war effort. The UK portion of the CCS would be composed of the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, but the United States had no equivalent body. The Joint Board's lack of authority made it of little use to the CCS, although its 1935 publication, Joint Action of the Army and Navy, did give some guidance for the joint operations","psg_id":"1600557"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of senior NCOs on joint battle staffs, and support the chairman's responsibilities as directed. Command Sergeant Major William Gainey, USA, was the first SEAC, serving from October 1, 2005. The current SEAC is Command Sergeant Major John W. Troxell, US Army, who was sworn in by Joint Chiefs Chairman General Joseph Dunford on December 11, 2015, replacing Sergeant Major Bryan B. Battaglia, USMC. The Joint Staff (JS) is a military headquarters staff based at the Pentagon, (with offices in Hampton Roads VA, Ft Leavenworth KS, Lackland AFB TX, Ft Belvoir VA, Fairchild AFB WA, Ft McNair DC) composed of personnel","psg_id":"1600568"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"at Chaklala, Rawalpindi. , General Zubair Mahmood Hayat is serving as Chairman Joint chiefs. The federal studies were fully supported by the military and many of the recommendations were implemented in 1980s to improve the joint efforts. Military failure in Bangladesh and war with India in 1971, the federal studies on civil military relations led by the Commission by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman helped establishing the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to coordinate the joint missions and executions of their work altogether during operations. The Chairmanship of Joint Chiefs rotates among the three Inter-Services; the Chairman joint chiefs is appointed","psg_id":"7161866"},{"title":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge","text":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge was first approved in February 1963 and has remained unchanged in appearance since then. Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may","psg_id":"3475441"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"services of the Pakistan Defense Forces, but he does not have operational authority over combatant forces, which report directly to their Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Staff, is headquartered in Rawalpindi near the vicinity of Naval, Air, GHQ headquarters. The Joint Chief of Staff Committee is composed of all uniformed military personnel from each inter-service, who assist the Chairman to coordinate military efforts. In early 1950s, the recommendations were sent to the government of establishing the joint staff committee, but it was resisted by the Navy as it feared that it would be dominated by the army. As the military","psg_id":"7161860"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Committee deals with joint military planning, joint training, integrated joint logistics, and provides strategic directions of the armed forces. Reviews periodically the role, size, and shape of three Inter–Services, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee advise the civilian government on strategic communications, industrial mobilizations plans, and formulating the defence plans. In many ways, the JCSC provides an important link to understand, maintain balance, and resolve conflicts in the civil military relations between military and political circles. In times of peace, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee's principal functions are to conduct planning of civil–military input; in times of war, the","psg_id":"7161868"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"or specified combatant command. Beginning in 2019, the Chairman's statutory term length will increase from two years to a single four-year term, with reappointment only possible in times of war or national emergency. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned","psg_id":"2291351"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, he is prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the armed forces; however, the Chairman does assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in exercising their command functions. The","psg_id":"2291341"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the next war; the US was always designated \"Blue\" and potential enemies were assigned various other colors. This time, the Joint Board's membership would include the Chiefs of Staff, their deputies, and the Chief of War Plans Division for the Army and Director of Plans Division for the Navy. Under the Joint Board would be a staff called the Joint Planning Committee to serve the Board. Along with new membership, the Joint Board could initiate recommendations on its own initiative. However, the Joint Board still did not possess the legal authority to enforce its decisions. President of the United States","psg_id":"1600556"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the chairman in providing to the Secretary of Defense unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The Joint Staff includes the following departments where all the planning, policies, intelligence, manpower, communications and logistics functions are translated into action. The Joint Chiefs may recognize private citizens, organizations or career civilian government employees for significant achievements provided to the joint community with one of the following decorations/awards. Although the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not an \"ex officio\" member of the JCS like the other service chiefs, Coast Guard officers are legally eligible to","psg_id":"1600570"},{"title":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge","text":"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may qualify for permanent wear of this badge after being assigned for one year on active duty or two years as a reservist. The","psg_id":"3475440"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"admirals have given a strong criticism of such criterion, expressing their dissatisfaction towards the appointment processes. Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the","psg_id":"4737022"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"was a sub-committee of the War Cabinet, and in addition to the three service chiefs, it had an additional member, in the person of General Sir Hastings Ismay, who acted as its secretary. Subcommittees of the Committee were also formed, including the Joint Planning Staff and Joint Intelligence Committee. The Chiefs of Staff committee was responsible for the overall conduct of the British Armed Forces part of the war effort. When matters required joint Anglo-American decision, the Chiefs of Staff Committee members formed part of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, meeting in concert with their American counterparts, the Joint Chiefs","psg_id":"3434896"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of Staff Committee (JCSC) mechanism with headquartered in MoD. Per the act, the JCSC composed of a chairman, the Chief of Naval Staff, the Chief of Army Staff, and the Chief of Air Staff. It was mandate to have a collective responsibility of national defence and mechanism of plans based on a joint objectives. The chairmanship was to be rotated between each inter-services, irrespective of the personal ranks in each service. Lesson learns and recommendations after the 1971 war with India, all military work, combat coordination, and joint missions are overseen by the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee at the","psg_id":"7161864"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of Staff. The Combined Chiefs of Staff were based in Washington, so for most of the time the Chiefs of Staff were represented at meetings by the British Joint Staff Mission. Following World War II, the Chiefs of Staff Committee was transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In 1955 the Government decided to create the post of Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The post came into existence on 1 January 1956 and the only incumbent was Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Dickson who served until 1 January 1959 when he became the first Chief of","psg_id":"3434897"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, with the exception of the Chairman, but does not have operational command authority over their service branches. The Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986 created the position of VCJCS to assist the Chairman in exercising his duties. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman presides","psg_id":"2291481"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award","text":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This award is granted to any Federal Government civilian employee of the Joint Staff, combatant commands, joint organizations reporting to or through the Chairman, or any other Federal Government employee designated by the Chairman for service that far exceeds the contributions and service of others with comparable responsibilities and whose contributions","psg_id":"19955378"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"to lower hoist are four five-pointed stars, medium blue on the white, two above the eagle, and two below. The fringe is yellow; the cord and tassels are medium blue and white. The design was approved by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on 20 January 1987. Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service","psg_id":"2291486"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and all other duties prescribed under and may also perform other duties that the President, the Chairman, or the Secretary of Defense prescribes. Although the office of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered to be very important and highly prestigious, neither the Vice Chairman nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces. The chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. The Vice Chairman is nominated","psg_id":"2291482"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank. According to the 2017 Military Pay Table (effective January 1, 2017), basic pay for flag officers is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule, which is $15,583.20 per month. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or commander of a unified","psg_id":"2291350"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands. Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief from 20 July 1942 to 21 March 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\", created in 1942. The Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force","psg_id":"2291347"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman, who serves as a communication conduit between the Chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (command sergeants major, command master chief petty officers,","psg_id":"2291346"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Chairman from the first among equals to becoming the \"principal military advisor\" to the President and the Secretary of Defense. The Joint Staff, managed by the Director of the Joint Staff and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the Chairman in fulfilling his duties to the President and Secretary of Defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the Chairman and the combatant commanders. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important","psg_id":"2291343"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"\"one of the most influential planning agencies in the wartime armed forces.\" Members included Lieutenant General Stanley D. Embick, U.S. Army, chairman, 1942–1946, Vice Admiral Russell Willson, U.S. Navy, 1942–1945, Vice Admiral Theodore Stark Wilkinson, U.S. Navy, 1946, and Major General Muir S. Fairchild, U.S. Army Air Force, 1942–?. With the end of World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was officially established under the National Security Act of 1947. Per the National Security Act, the JCS consisted of a chairman, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (which was established","psg_id":"1600561"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award","text":"are of a significantly broad scope. Recipients may receive the award only once, and the award cannot be received in conjunction with a Secretary of Defense award for the same service. Recipients of the award receive a medal set (medal, ribbon and lapel pin), a certificate signed by the Chairman and a citation. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs","psg_id":"19955379"},{"title":"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska and the creation of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created. Their role and responsibility right now is to implement processes of reform","psg_id":"12305570"},{"title":"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff","text":"Vice Chief of Staff, as well as numerous departments and special staffs. The \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" supervises the service branches operations of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, and would assume command in the event of a war, but his or her powers are limited to policy formation and defense coordination during peacetime. The chain of Operational Authority runs from the \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" to the Commanders of the several Operational Commands. Each service branch is headed by their respective Chiefs of Staff, who have administrative control over their own services. Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is","psg_id":"20618832"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"is $15,583.20 a month, regardless of cumulative years of service completed under section 205 of title 37, United States Code. Although the United States Coast Guard is an armed service (i.e. a branch of the military) pursuant to 14 United States Code, section 1, the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because the Coast Guard operates under the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Defense, and operates under the Department of the Navy (subordinate to the Chief of Naval Operations) when directed by the President. However, the commandant","psg_id":"1600552"},{"title":"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"belong to the Group of Arms Command or Group \"A\" and was also chief of the Defence High Command, until the dissolution of this body in 1980. The Board also had a General Headquarters, created in 1980 as a result of the dissolution of the Defence High Command, where the organs of aid to the command were integrated. Of the General Headquarters of the JUJEM they depended: After its dissolution, the functions of the Board were assumed by the current Defence Staff. The most important functions entrusted to the Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff were the following: After 1984,","psg_id":"20565019"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"created the office of Vice Chairman, and the Chairman is now designated as the principal military adviser to the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the President. The Joint Staff (JS) is a headquarters staff in the Pentagon, composed of personnel from each of the five armed services, that assists the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities and is managed by the Director of the Joint Staff (DJS), who is a lieutenant general or Navy vice admiral. After the 1986 reorganization of the military undertaken by the Goldwater–Nichols Act, the Joint","psg_id":"1600549"},{"title":"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"and transformation of Armed Forces of BiH. Activity is in process and it asks new structures, new rules, new way of thinking and adaption. \"For period from 1918 to 2006, see Chief of the General Staff of Yugoslavia.\" Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska","psg_id":"12305571"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"Joint Chiefs of Staff and the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee met as a \"Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee\" around March 2013, the first time since their World War II meetings. This was held in Washington DC. Subsequent meetings were held in London 2014 and in the National Defense University, May 2015. Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President","psg_id":"3063685"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"the Army Air Forces noted that although there was \"no official charter establishing this committee...by the end of February it had assumed responsibilities toward the American war effort comparable to the CCS on the combined level.\" On 20 July 1942, Admiral Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (\"\"Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States\"\" is the military title of the U.S. President, per Article II, § 2, of the Constitution), with the chiefs of staff of the services serving under his leadership. The first members","psg_id":"1600559"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"and highly prestigious, neither the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater-Nichols Act places the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. However the services chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services (derived from the service secretaries). The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the President and Secretary of Defense as well as","psg_id":"2291344"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"action between the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy became increasingly difficult. The Army and Navy were unsupportive of each other at either the planning or operational level and were constrained by disagreements during the Spanish–American War in the Caribbean campaigns. The Joint Army and Navy Board was established in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, comprising representatives from the military heads and chief planners of both the Navy's General Board and the Army's General Staff. The Joint Board acting as an \"advisory committee\" was created to plan joint operations and resolve problems of common rivalry between the two services. Yet, the","psg_id":"1600554"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"of 1942, Britain and the United States agreed on a worldwide division of strategic responsibility. On 24 March 1942, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were designated as primarily responsible for the war in the Pacific, and the British Chiefs for the Middle East-Indian Ocean region, while the European-Mediterranean-Atlantic area would be a combined responsibility of both staffs. China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States' sphere of responsibility. Six days later the Joint Chiefs of Staff divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA),","psg_id":"3063682"},{"title":"Director of the Joint Staff","text":"level of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Director of the Joint Staff is selected by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense. As with all three- and four-star positions, the Director's appointment is subject to Senate confirmation. The position of Director is considered one of the most desirable billets in the United States military establishment, for the position has historically served as a stepping stone to a four-star billet. As of February 2016, 34 of the","psg_id":"12830274"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"the British half. The CCS was constituted from the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the American Joint Chiefs of Staff, The American unit was created in part to present a common front to the British Chiefs of Staff. It held its first formal meeting on 9 February 1942 to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The CCS charter was approved by President Roosevelt 21 April 1942. The American members of the CCS were General George C. Marshall, the United States Army chief of staff, the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Harold R. Stark (replaced early in","psg_id":"3063678"},{"title":"Director of the Joint Staff","text":"Director of the Joint Staff The Director of the Joint Staff (DJS) is a three-star officer who assists the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a cabinet of senior military officers within the United States Armed Forces who advise the Secretary of Defense and President on military matters. The Director assists the Chairman in managing the Joint Staff and with the management and organization of the staff's members. The Director also chairs meetings of the Operations Deputies, a subsidiary body comprising the Director and a three-star delegate from each service who preview or resolve issues before they are escalated to the four-star","psg_id":"12830273"},{"title":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Chairman. Historically, the Chairman has served two terms. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office and assumes office on October 1 of odd-numbered years. Although the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, would not outrank him. In the 1990s, there were proposals in Department of Defense academic","psg_id":"2291349"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"1942 by Admiral Ernest J. King); and the Chief (later Commanding General) of the Army Air Forces, Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold. In July 1942 a fourth member was added, the President's personal Chief of Staff, Admiral William D. Leahy. On the British side the Chiefs of Staff only normally attended during the heads of states' conferences. Instead the British Joint Staff Mission was permanently situated in Washington, D.C. to represent British interests. The British members were a representative of the Prime Minister, in his capacity as Minister of Defence, and the Chiefs of Staff Committee, which consisted of the","psg_id":"3063679"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and the Chief of the Air Staff, or the Washington representative of each. The representative of the Prime Minister was Field Marshal Sir John Dill and after his death Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson. The Washington representatives of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, who normally met with the United States members in place of their principals, were the senior officers from their respective services on the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington. In the course of the war, the First Sea Lord was represented by Admiral Sir Charles Little,","psg_id":"3063680"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"to the combatant commanders from the Prime minister and President as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. The Chairman is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister; and is finally confirmed by the President. Unlike United States's Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the appointment of Chairman does not need confirmation via majority vote by the Parliament. Although, the appointment needs confirmation from the Prime minister. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general, four-star air chief marshal and/or four star admiral. By law required, all four-star officers are required to have","psg_id":"4737018"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Army Staff and Chief of Air Staff and the Chief of Naval Staff, Commandant of Marines, DG Strategic Plans Division, and commanders of the service branches in the paramilitary command. Even as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO), the Chairman does not have any authority over the command of the combatant forces. The individual service chiefs are solely responsible for the coordination and logistics of the armed and combatant forces. Due to this constraint, the chiefs of army, air force, navy and marines are much in command and control of their respected commands. The Chairman's mandate is to transmit strategic communications","psg_id":"4737017"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"Joint Board accomplished little as its charter gave it no authority to enforce its decisions. The Joint Board also lacked the ability to originate its own opinions and was thus limited to commenting only on the problems submitted to it by the Secretaries of War and Navy. As a result, the Joint Board had little to no impact on the manner in which the United States conducted World War I. After World War I, in 1919 the two Secretaries agreed to reestablish and revitalize the Joint Board. The mission of the General staff was to develop plans for mobilization for","psg_id":"1600555"},{"title":"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","text":"of the Chairman. The Vice Chairman will not be eligible for elevated appointment to Chairman or be appointed to another four-star position unless in times of war or national emergency. The positional color (flag) of the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is white with a diagonal medium blue strip from upper hoist to lower fly. Centered on the flag is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally, in proper colors. The talons grasp three crossed arrows. A shield with blue chief and thirteen red and white stripes is on the eagle's breast. Diagonally, from upper fly","psg_id":"2291485"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"which, none weren't taken in confidence, and the joint efforts were unsupported at either a planning or operational level, and were also constrained over disagreements during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Due to lack of complete and comprehensive communication, each services blamed the others for operational failures. As surrendered to India in 1971, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed a federal commission chaired by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman to conduct federal studies on the failure of the civil-military relations. Recommendations noted in \"Higher Direction of War act\" in the HRC report, it strongly called for the establishment of Joint Chiefs","psg_id":"7161863"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"1 November 2018 to provide advice to the Committee on the views of Other Ranks. The current membership of the Chiefs of Staff Committee: The role of the Committee is to provide advice on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations.
Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head","psg_id":"3434899"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"the Defence Staff. The CDS remained as chairman of the committee and was also recognized as the professional head of the British Armed Forces. In 1964, the post of Chief of the Imperial General Staff was discontinued and the Army was thereafter represented by the Chief of the General Staff. Since then, the only major changes have been the appointment of the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff to act as a deputy to the CDS and the inclusion of the Commander, Joint Forces Command on the committee. A Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chiefs of Staff Committee was appointed on","psg_id":"3434898"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)","text":"Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff and a Chairman who held a rank one level higher than the service heads. While Unification did not officially take place until 1968, the committee was replaced by the Armed Forces Council in 1964 after","psg_id":"5763876"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head of the forces, the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, who is the vice-chairman and deputy professional head of the armed forces. The Committee also consists of the professional heads of each branch of the armed forces: the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff,","psg_id":"3434894"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"military and state's affairs. In the absence of the joint staff mechanism, the defence plans and executions of operations were oversaw by each inter-service which affected the overall performance of the armed forces. Coordination between each inter-service became increasingly difficult. In a thesis written by Pervez Cheema, the 1971 war was fought \"without a purpose and with total lack of coordination between the civil effort and the armed forces, and between four fighting services: the Army, Navy and Air Force.\" Furthermore, the federal studies also noted that the top military brass had alienated the Army, Navy and Air Force. in","psg_id":"7161862"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"Staff George Marshall came up with the idea of a combined board, and sold it to Roosevelt and together the two sold the idea to Churchill. Churchill's military aides were much less favorable, and general Alan Brooke, the chief of the British Army, was strongly opposed. However, Brooke was left behind in London to handle the daily details of running the British war effort, and was not consulted. As part of Marshall's plan, Roosevelt also set up a Joint Chiefs of Staff on the American side. The combined board was permanently stationed in Washington, where Field Marshall John Dill represented","psg_id":"3063677"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)","text":"the publication of a Defence White Paper which proposed significant changes to the command structure of Canada's armed forces. The position of Chairman was replaced by the position of Chief of the Defence Staff with greatly expanded powers and functions. Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the","psg_id":"5763877"},{"title":"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff","text":"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is the highest-ranking military officer and head of the Operational Authority (command) over the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF). He or she assists the Minister of Defense on all matters with regards to the JSDF, and executes orders of the Minister of Defense, with directions from the Prime Minister. The current \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" is Admiral Katsutoshi Kawano. The \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" is the head of the , which consists of an Senior Enlisted Advisor to the \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\", the Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, an Administrative","psg_id":"20618831"},{"title":"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)","text":"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by providing information management services that include Joint Staff and Combatant Command records management policy and oversight; forms, directives, and NATO document management; staff action research, archiving, and content","psg_id":"11762838"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)","text":"Headquarters of each service branch. Currently there are five Operational Commands in the Army, two in the Navy (including the Marine Corps) and one in the Air Force. It was created in May 1954, though there had been Supreme Command of the Armed Forces dating from 1948. All (regular) members of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs are 4-star generals and admirals, though the Deputy Chairman in the past has been 3-star Lieutenant-General or Vice-Admiral intermittently. Traditionally, the Chairman is chosen from the Army (with one previous and one current exceptions as October 2013) while the Deputy Chairman is selected from","psg_id":"11236444"},{"title":"Joint Requirements Oversight Council","text":"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who also serves as the co-chair of the Defense Acquisition Board. The other JROC members are the Vice Chiefs of each military service: Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Moreover, the JROC charters Functional Capabilities Boards. These boards are chaired by a JROC-designated chair and, for appropriate topics, co-chaired by a representative of the Milestone Decision Authority. Functional Capabilities Boards are the lead coordinating bodies to ensure that the joint force is","psg_id":"8324035"},{"title":"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"strain in the relation between the civilian government and the military. The four-star admirals in the Pakistan Navy have been notably superseded by the junior army officers, in instances took place in 2005 when Adm. Karim was superseded by junior-most Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq and, in 2011 when Adm. Numan was bypassed in favor of Lt-Gen. Wynne. In 2014, the practice continued by the civil government when Adm. Asif Sandila was bypassed and overlooked when the junior most officer, Lt-Gen. Rashad Mahmood was eventually appointed as Chairman joint chiefs. Due to such preferential treatments given to army department, the retired","psg_id":"4737021"},{"title":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee Admiral Sunil Lanba stated the heads of the three services had \"finally agreed on a permanent chief of staff committee,\" and the matter had been sent to the Defence Ministry for consideration. Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a","psg_id":"20972902"},{"title":"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)","text":"is also bound to protect classified information to protect the security interests of the country and its citizens both at home and abroad, whether they be civilian or military. Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff","psg_id":"11762845"},{"title":"Combined Chiefs of Staff","text":"Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D Roosevelt. It emerged from the meetings of the Arcadia Conference in Washington, from December 22, 1941 to January 14, 1942. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Prime Minister Churchill and his senior military staff used Arcadia an opportunity to lay out the general strategy for the war. The American Army Chief of","psg_id":"3063676"},{"title":"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission","text":"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission () is the command organ and the headquarters for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was founded on January 11, 2016 under Xi Jinping's military reforms. It is under the absolute leadership of the Central Military Commission. The Department continues PLA Operations Command, Recruitments, Mobilizations, Formation, Trainings and Administration duties. Its Headquarters is located in Beijing and the current chief of Joint staff is General Li Zuocheng. The current deputy chiefs are Lt General","psg_id":"19275402"},{"title":"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)","text":"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of the Naval Staff (( (reporting name as CNS), is a military appointment and a Statutory office held by the four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Naval Staff is one of the senior-most appointments in the Pakistan military who is one of the senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, providing senior consultation to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to act as a","psg_id":"13200210"},{"title":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a lack of communication between the service branches, and therefore suggested to create a Chief of Defence Staff position. This was however rejected by many members of the military, arguing that only great or imperial powers engaging in power projection","psg_id":"20972900"},{"title":"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)","text":"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Army Staff () (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Army Staff is a senior most appointment in the Pakistani military who is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, usually consulting with the Chairman joint chiefs to act as a military adviser to the Prime Minister and its civilian government in","psg_id":"9078637"},{"title":"Joint Forces Staff College","text":"is to educate national security professionals in the planning and execution of joint, multinational, and interagency operations in order to instill a primary commitment to joint, multinational, and interagency teamwork, attitudes, and perspectives. In the 1930s, few officers were qualified, either by training or experience, to engage in joint operations. The demands of World War II brought out the urgent need for joint action by ground, sea, and air forces. To alleviate the friction and misunderstanding resulting from lack of joint experience, the Joint Chiefs of Staff established an Army and Navy Staff College (ANSCOL) in 1943. ANSCOL conducted a","psg_id":"8224332"},{"title":"Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army","text":"position and became the coordinator deputy of the Chief Commander (). The position is currently held by Rear admiral Habibollah Sayyari, who is second-in-command and deputy of Major general Ataollah Salehi. Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (), acronymed SEMAJA (), is the chief of staff of Iran's regular military, Islamic Republic of Iran Army (\"Artesh\") with an aim to coordinate its four military branches. The Joint Staff has Central Provost and University of Command and Staff under control. From 1921 to 1998, \"Chairman of Chief of Staff\"","psg_id":"19239228"},{"title":"Joint Forces Staff College","text":"four-month course that was successful in training officers for joint command and staff duties. ANSCOL, which had been established to meet the immediate needs of war, was discontinued upon its conclusion. A joint committee was appointed to prepare a directive for a new school. This directive, which was approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 28 June 1946, established the Armed Forces Staff College (AFSC). Responsibility for the operation and maintenance of its facilities was charged to the Chief of Naval Operations. Following a temporary residence in Washington, D.C., AFSC was established in Norfolk, Virginia, on August 13, 1946.","psg_id":"8224333"},{"title":"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989","text":"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989 At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the British Armed Forces structure was as follows: In 1989 the British Armed Forces had a peacetime strength of 311,600 men and defense expenditures were 4.09% of GDP. Joint establishments were tri-service units providing services to all three branches of the British Armed Forces/ The Defence Operations Executive, led by the Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) and including the Assistant Chiefs of the Naval, General, and Air Staffs, supervised the Joint Operations Centre which in turn passed orders to the forces","psg_id":"20444199"},{"title":"Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"the Chief of the General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. The Chiefs of Staff Committee was initially established as a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence in 1923. It remained as such until the abolition of the CID upon the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The initial composition of the committee was the professional heads of the three services, the First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. Each service head took turns being chairman of the committee. During the Second World War the committee","psg_id":"3434895"},{"title":"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee","text":"of Pakistan grew in size and political influence increased after the 1965 war with India. Though, the joint coordination mechanism was felt but no steps were taken. Precursors of this body can be found in East Pakistan when Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan became the Commander of the Eastern High Command. Law and order was significantly improved under Admiral Ahsan, but before the system fully evolved, Admiral Ahsan tendered his resignation amid political differences with the President Yahya Khan. As the crisis in East Pakistan progressed, following the intervention by India, the top military brass had the full control of the","psg_id":"7161861"},{"title":"Chief of the Romanian General Staff","text":"the level of the General Staff. The Committee is a deliberative structure, having a consultative role. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee meets to discuss important topics with regard to the Romanian Armed Forces’ activity, usually quarterly or whenever necessary. The Chief of General Staff is also the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. The Gallery of the Chiefs of General Staff consists of 48 Flag and Commissioned Officers in the 1859–2006 timeframe. Chief of the Romanian General Staff The Chief of General Staff () is the highest professional military authority in the Romanian Armed Forces. He is","psg_id":"8341519"},{"title":"Chief of the Defence Staff (Spain)","text":"Minister of Defence and whose Chairmain was also the Chief of the General Staff. This body assumed all the functions of the EMP when it was suppressed. In 1984, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was institutionalized and the position of Chief of Defence Staff (JEMAD) was created, replacing the Chairman of the Board of Chiefs of Staff. At the same time, the Defence Staff was created to support the JEMAD. The Joint Chiefs of Staff was in force until 2005, when the new National Defence Organic Act created the National Defence Council as an advisory body to the Prime Minister","psg_id":"17327424"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), the Military Service Chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force, and the Chief of the National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600547\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), an advisory body within the Department of Defense comprising the Chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947. The 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act elevated the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"be appointed as Chairman and Vice Chairman, pursuant to and respectively, which use the collective term \\\"armed forces\\\" rather than listing the eligible services. However no Coast Guard officer has been appointed to either position as of 2016. The Coast Guard does have one officer who was appointed in 2016 to the Joint Staff who currently serves as J6. Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"July 1942 – 21 March 1949). He was not technically the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \\\"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\\\". That post was established and first held by General of the Army Omar Bradley in 1949. The position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was created by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. The vice chairman is a four-star-general or admiral and, by law, is the second highest-ranking member of the U.S. Armed Forces (after the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). In\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600566\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the Chairmain of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was the Chief of the Defence Staff. † denotes people who died in office. The content of this article incorporates material published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado, which is in the public domain in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Law. Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff acts as the chief military advisor to the President and the Secretary of Defense. In this strictly advisory role, the Joint Chiefs constitute the second-highest deliberatory body for military policy, after the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council, which includes the President and other officials besides the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. While serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or Commandant of the Coast Guard, the salary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600551\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of service of the three branches of the Pakistan Armed and Defense Services. Each service chief, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, performs their duty directly for the Ministry of Defence. Following the Hamoodur Rahman Commission, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee does not have operational command authority. Instead, the Joint Chief of Staff Committee is a principal military advisory body, and coordinates command operations between the services. The Committee is headed by the four-star officer who is designated as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC). The chairman is the de Jure Commander in chief of all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161859\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"development\\\" for the National Guard since the Militia Act of 1903. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest-ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600564\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"is considered a \\\"de facto\\\" JCS member for certain purposes and, by statute, is entitled to the same supplemental pay as the Joint Chiefs and is accorded the same privilege of the floor under Senate Rule XXIII(1) during Presidential addresses. The commandant is occasionally invited by the chairman to attend meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also, in contrast to the Joint Chiefs, who are not in the military's operational chain of command, the commandant is in operational command of his service. As the military of the United States grew in size following the American Civil War, joint military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600553\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff does not have operational command of U.S. military forces. Responsibility for conducting military operations goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands and thus bypasses the Joint Chiefs of Staff completely. Today, their primary responsibility is to ensure the personnel readiness, policy, planning and training of their respective military services for the combatant commanders to utilize. The Joint Chiefs of Staff also act in a military advisory capacity for the President of the United States and the Secretary of Defense. In addition, the Chairman of the Joint\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600550\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Staff Headquarters located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. All studies were accepted in March 1976, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was officially formed with army general Muhammad Shariff becoming its first Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. It is headed by a four-star officer designated as Chairman. , there had been fourteen four-star Pakistan military officers who headed the Committee Secretariat. Altogether, there has been twelve were from the army, one from the Air Force, and two from the Navy have served. The headquarters are known as Joint Staff Headquarters and act as secretariat of JCSC. It is located\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161865\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. He also performs all other functions prescribed under or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff under his name. The principal deputy to the Chairman is the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), another four-star general or admiral, who among many duties chairs the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Joint Staff, led by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star general or admiral. The Joint Staff is an organization composed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"by the Prime minister and confirmed by the President. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee outranks all other four-star officers; however, he does not have operational command authority over the Armed Forces. In his capacity as chief military adviser, he assists the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defense in exercising their command functions. Technically, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is the highest military body; and its Chairman joint chiefs serves as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO) to the civilian Prime Minister, Cabinet, National Security Council (its adviser), and the President. The Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161867\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"during World War II. The Joint Board had little influence during the war and was ultimately disbanded in 1947. As a counterpart to the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee in the CCS, and to provide better coordinated effort and coordinated staff work for America's military effort, Admiral William D. Leahy proposed a \\\"unified high command\\\" in what would come to be called the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Modeled on the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, the JCS' first formal meeting was held on 9 February 1942, to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The official history of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600558\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman acts as principal military adviser to the Prime Minister in the supervision and conduct of joint warfare. Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161869\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"from all the five armed services, assisting the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities. They work closely with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Department staffs, and the Combatant Command Staffs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star officer who assists the chairman with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard, who have been assigned to assist\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600569\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime minister. The chairman is selected based on seniority and merit from the Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161858\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He may also perform such duties as the chairman may prescribe. It was not until the National Defense Authorization Act in 1992 that the position was made a full voting member of the JCS. The current vice chairman is General Paul J. Selva, USAF. The Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (SEAC) advises on all matters concerning joint and combined total force integration, utilization, development, and helps develop noncommissioned officers related joint professional education, enhance utilization\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600567\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the combined efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC), comprising the Chairman, the Chief of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Guard Bureau, all appointed by the President following Senate confirmation. Each of the individual Military Service Chiefs, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, works directly for the Secretary of the Military Department concerned, i.e., Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force. Following the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986, the Joint Chiefs of Staff do not have operational command authority, either individually or collectively, as the chain of command goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense, and from the Secretary of Defense to the Commanders of the Combatant Commands. Goldwater–Nichols also\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600548\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in The Pentagon. The chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, but does not have command authority over them, their service branches or the Unified Combatant Commands. All combatant commanders receive operational orders directly from the Secretary of Defense. The current chairman is General Joseph Dunford, USMC, who began his term on October 1, 2015. On 20 July 1942, Navy Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (20\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600565\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel of the Armed Forces. The National Command Authority runs from the President and the Minister of National Defense to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and then to Operational Commands of the service branches, bypassing the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11236443\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)\",\n \"text\": \"either the Navy or the Air Force. The Commandant of the Marine Corps, legally subordinate to the Republic of Korea Navy, can attend the Joint Chiefs of Staff meetings when examining the matter pertaining to the Marine Corps. Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11236445\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were: As the table indicates, each of the members of the original Joint Chiefs was a four-star flag or general officer in his respective service branch. By the end of the war, however, each had been promoted: Leahy and King to Fleet Admiral; Marshall and Arnold to General of the Army. Arnold was later appointed to the grade of General of the Air Force. One of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's committees was the Joint Strategic Survey Committee (JSSC). The JSSC was an extraordinary JCS committee that existed from 1942 until 1947. It was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600560\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted the highest collegiate body of the chain of military command of Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The Board consisted of a president, selected from among lieutenant generals or admirals of the three branches of the Armed Forces, their chiefs of staff (Army, Navy and the Air Force) and a secretary. The president had to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill established the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) during the 1942 Arcadia Conference. The CCS would serve as the supreme military body for strategic direction of the combined US-British Empire war effort. The UK portion of the CCS would be composed of the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, but the United States had no equivalent body. The Joint Board's lack of authority made it of little use to the CCS, although its 1935 publication, Joint Action of the Army and Navy, did give some guidance for the joint operations\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600557\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of senior NCOs on joint battle staffs, and support the chairman's responsibilities as directed. Command Sergeant Major William Gainey, USA, was the first SEAC, serving from October 1, 2005. The current SEAC is Command Sergeant Major John W. Troxell, US Army, who was sworn in by Joint Chiefs Chairman General Joseph Dunford on December 11, 2015, replacing Sergeant Major Bryan B. Battaglia, USMC. The Joint Staff (JS) is a military headquarters staff based at the Pentagon, (with offices in Hampton Roads VA, Ft Leavenworth KS, Lackland AFB TX, Ft Belvoir VA, Fairchild AFB WA, Ft McNair DC) composed of personnel\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600568\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"at Chaklala, Rawalpindi. , General Zubair Mahmood Hayat is serving as Chairman Joint chiefs. The federal studies were fully supported by the military and many of the recommendations were implemented in 1980s to improve the joint efforts. Military failure in Bangladesh and war with India in 1971, the federal studies on civil military relations led by the Commission by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman helped establishing the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to coordinate the joint missions and executions of their work altogether during operations. The Chairmanship of Joint Chiefs rotates among the three Inter-Services; the Chairman joint chiefs is appointed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161866\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge\",\n \"text\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge was first approved in February 1963 and has remained unchanged in appearance since then. Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3475441\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"services of the Pakistan Defense Forces, but he does not have operational authority over combatant forces, which report directly to their Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Staff, is headquartered in Rawalpindi near the vicinity of Naval, Air, GHQ headquarters. The Joint Chief of Staff Committee is composed of all uniformed military personnel from each inter-service, who assist the Chairman to coordinate military efforts. In early 1950s, the recommendations were sent to the government of establishing the joint staff committee, but it was resisted by the Navy as it feared that it would be dominated by the army. As the military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Committee deals with joint military planning, joint training, integrated joint logistics, and provides strategic directions of the armed forces. Reviews periodically the role, size, and shape of three Inter–Services, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee advise the civilian government on strategic communications, industrial mobilizations plans, and formulating the defence plans. In many ways, the JCSC provides an important link to understand, maintain balance, and resolve conflicts in the civil military relations between military and political circles. In times of peace, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee's principal functions are to conduct planning of civil–military input; in times of war, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161868\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"or specified combatant command. Beginning in 2019, the Chairman's statutory term length will increase from two years to a single four-year term, with reappointment only possible in times of war or national emergency. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, he is prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the armed forces; however, the Chairman does assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in exercising their command functions. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291341\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the next war; the US was always designated \\\"Blue\\\" and potential enemies were assigned various other colors. This time, the Joint Board's membership would include the Chiefs of Staff, their deputies, and the Chief of War Plans Division for the Army and Director of Plans Division for the Navy. Under the Joint Board would be a staff called the Joint Planning Committee to serve the Board. Along with new membership, the Joint Board could initiate recommendations on its own initiative. However, the Joint Board still did not possess the legal authority to enforce its decisions. President of the United States\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600556\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the chairman in providing to the Secretary of Defense unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The Joint Staff includes the following departments where all the planning, policies, intelligence, manpower, communications and logistics functions are translated into action. The Joint Chiefs may recognize private citizens, organizations or career civilian government employees for significant achievements provided to the joint community with one of the following decorations/awards. Although the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not an \\\"ex officio\\\" member of the JCS like the other service chiefs, Coast Guard officers are legally eligible to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge\",\n \"text\": \"Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may qualify for permanent wear of this badge after being assigned for one year on active duty or two years as a reservist. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3475440\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"admirals have given a strong criticism of such criterion, expressing their dissatisfaction towards the appointment processes. Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"was a sub-committee of the War Cabinet, and in addition to the three service chiefs, it had an additional member, in the person of General Sir Hastings Ismay, who acted as its secretary. Subcommittees of the Committee were also formed, including the Joint Planning Staff and Joint Intelligence Committee. The Chiefs of Staff committee was responsible for the overall conduct of the British Armed Forces part of the war effort. When matters required joint Anglo-American decision, the Chiefs of Staff Committee members formed part of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, meeting in concert with their American counterparts, the Joint Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434896\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of Staff Committee (JCSC) mechanism with headquartered in MoD. Per the act, the JCSC composed of a chairman, the Chief of Naval Staff, the Chief of Army Staff, and the Chief of Air Staff. It was mandate to have a collective responsibility of national defence and mechanism of plans based on a joint objectives. The chairmanship was to be rotated between each inter-services, irrespective of the personal ranks in each service. Lesson learns and recommendations after the 1971 war with India, all military work, combat coordination, and joint missions are overseen by the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee at the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161864\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of Staff. The Combined Chiefs of Staff were based in Washington, so for most of the time the Chiefs of Staff were represented at meetings by the British Joint Staff Mission. Following World War II, the Chiefs of Staff Committee was transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In 1955 the Government decided to create the post of Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The post came into existence on 1 January 1956 and the only incumbent was Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Dickson who served until 1 January 1959 when he became the first Chief of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434897\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, with the exception of the Chairman, but does not have operational command authority over their service branches. The Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986 created the position of VCJCS to assist the Chairman in exercising his duties. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman presides\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291481\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This award is granted to any Federal Government civilian employee of the Joint Staff, combatant commands, joint organizations reporting to or through the Chairman, or any other Federal Government employee designated by the Chairman for service that far exceeds the contributions and service of others with comparable responsibilities and whose contributions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19955378\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"to lower hoist are four five-pointed stars, medium blue on the white, two above the eagle, and two below. The fringe is yellow; the cord and tassels are medium blue and white. The design was approved by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on 20 January 1987. Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291486\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and all other duties prescribed under and may also perform other duties that the President, the Chairman, or the Secretary of Defense prescribes. Although the office of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered to be very important and highly prestigious, neither the Vice Chairman nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces. The chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. The Vice Chairman is nominated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291482\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank. According to the 2017 Military Pay Table (effective January 1, 2017), basic pay for flag officers is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule, which is $15,583.20 per month. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or commander of a unified\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291350\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands. Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief from 20 July 1942 to 21 March 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \\\"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\\\", created in 1942. The Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman, who serves as a communication conduit between the Chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (command sergeants major, command master chief petty officers,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291346\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman from the first among equals to becoming the \\\"principal military advisor\\\" to the President and the Secretary of Defense. The Joint Staff, managed by the Director of the Joint Staff and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the Chairman in fulfilling his duties to the President and Secretary of Defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the Chairman and the combatant commanders. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291343\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"one of the most influential planning agencies in the wartime armed forces.\\\" Members included Lieutenant General Stanley D. Embick, U.S. Army, chairman, 1942–1946, Vice Admiral Russell Willson, U.S. Navy, 1942–1945, Vice Admiral Theodore Stark Wilkinson, U.S. Navy, 1946, and Major General Muir S. Fairchild, U.S. Army Air Force, 1942–?. With the end of World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was officially established under the National Security Act of 1947. Per the National Security Act, the JCS consisted of a chairman, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (which was established\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600561\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award\",\n \"text\": \"are of a significantly broad scope. Recipients may receive the award only once, and the award cannot be received in conjunction with a Secretary of Defense award for the same service. Recipients of the award receive a medal set (medal, ribbon and lapel pin), a certificate signed by the Chairman and a citation. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19955379\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska and the creation of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created. Their role and responsibility right now is to implement processes of reform\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12305570\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Vice Chief of Staff, as well as numerous departments and special staffs. The \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" supervises the service branches operations of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, and would assume command in the event of a war, but his or her powers are limited to policy formation and defense coordination during peacetime. The chain of Operational Authority runs from the \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" to the Commanders of the several Operational Commands. Each service branch is headed by their respective Chiefs of Staff, who have administrative control over their own services. Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20618832\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"is $15,583.20 a month, regardless of cumulative years of service completed under section 205 of title 37, United States Code. Although the United States Coast Guard is an armed service (i.e. a branch of the military) pursuant to 14 United States Code, section 1, the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because the Coast Guard operates under the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Defense, and operates under the Department of the Navy (subordinate to the Chief of Naval Operations) when directed by the President. However, the commandant\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600552\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"belong to the Group of Arms Command or Group \\\"A\\\" and was also chief of the Defence High Command, until the dissolution of this body in 1980. The Board also had a General Headquarters, created in 1980 as a result of the dissolution of the Defence High Command, where the organs of aid to the command were integrated. Of the General Headquarters of the JUJEM they depended: After its dissolution, the functions of the Board were assumed by the current Defence Staff. The most important functions entrusted to the Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff were the following: After 1984,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20565019\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"created the office of Vice Chairman, and the Chairman is now designated as the principal military adviser to the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the President. The Joint Staff (JS) is a headquarters staff in the Pentagon, composed of personnel from each of the five armed services, that assists the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities and is managed by the Director of the Joint Staff (DJS), who is a lieutenant general or Navy vice admiral. After the 1986 reorganization of the military undertaken by the Goldwater–Nichols Act, the Joint\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600549\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"and transformation of Armed Forces of BiH. Activity is in process and it asks new structures, new rules, new way of thinking and adaption. \\\"For period from 1918 to 2006, see Chief of the General Staff of Yugoslavia.\\\" Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12305571\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff and the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee met as a \\\"Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee\\\" around March 2013, the first time since their World War II meetings. This was held in Washington DC. Subsequent meetings were held in London 2014 and in the National Defense University, May 2015. Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063685\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the Army Air Forces noted that although there was \\\"no official charter establishing this committee...by the end of February it had assumed responsibilities toward the American war effort comparable to the CCS on the combined level.\\\" On 20 July 1942, Admiral Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (\\\"\\\"Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States\\\"\\\" is the military title of the U.S. President, per Article II, § 2, of the Constitution), with the chiefs of staff of the services serving under his leadership. The first members\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600559\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"and highly prestigious, neither the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater-Nichols Act places the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. However the services chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services (derived from the service secretaries). The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the President and Secretary of Defense as well as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291344\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"action between the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy became increasingly difficult. The Army and Navy were unsupportive of each other at either the planning or operational level and were constrained by disagreements during the Spanish–American War in the Caribbean campaigns. The Joint Army and Navy Board was established in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, comprising representatives from the military heads and chief planners of both the Navy's General Board and the Army's General Staff. The Joint Board acting as an \\\"advisory committee\\\" was created to plan joint operations and resolve problems of common rivalry between the two services. Yet, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of 1942, Britain and the United States agreed on a worldwide division of strategic responsibility. On 24 March 1942, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were designated as primarily responsible for the war in the Pacific, and the British Chiefs for the Middle East-Indian Ocean region, while the European-Mediterranean-Atlantic area would be a combined responsibility of both staffs. China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States' sphere of responsibility. Six days later the Joint Chiefs of Staff divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA),\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063682\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Director of the Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"level of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Director of the Joint Staff is selected by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense. As with all three- and four-star positions, the Director's appointment is subject to Senate confirmation. The position of Director is considered one of the most desirable billets in the United States military establishment, for the position has historically served as a stepping stone to a four-star billet. As of February 2016, 34 of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12830274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the British half. The CCS was constituted from the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the American Joint Chiefs of Staff, The American unit was created in part to present a common front to the British Chiefs of Staff. It held its first formal meeting on 9 February 1942 to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The CCS charter was approved by President Roosevelt 21 April 1942. The American members of the CCS were General George C. Marshall, the United States Army chief of staff, the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Harold R. Stark (replaced early in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063678\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Director of the Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Director of the Joint Staff The Director of the Joint Staff (DJS) is a three-star officer who assists the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a cabinet of senior military officers within the United States Armed Forces who advise the Secretary of Defense and President on military matters. The Director assists the Chairman in managing the Joint Staff and with the management and organization of the staff's members. The Director also chairs meetings of the Operations Deputies, a subsidiary body comprising the Director and a three-star delegate from each service who preview or resolve issues before they are escalated to the four-star\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12830273\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Chairman. Historically, the Chairman has served two terms. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office and assumes office on October 1 of odd-numbered years. Although the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, would not outrank him. In the 1990s, there were proposals in Department of Defense academic\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291349\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"1942 by Admiral Ernest J. King); and the Chief (later Commanding General) of the Army Air Forces, Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold. In July 1942 a fourth member was added, the President's personal Chief of Staff, Admiral William D. Leahy. On the British side the Chiefs of Staff only normally attended during the heads of states' conferences. Instead the British Joint Staff Mission was permanently situated in Washington, D.C. to represent British interests. The British members were a representative of the Prime Minister, in his capacity as Minister of Defence, and the Chiefs of Staff Committee, which consisted of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063679\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and the Chief of the Air Staff, or the Washington representative of each. The representative of the Prime Minister was Field Marshal Sir John Dill and after his death Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson. The Washington representatives of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, who normally met with the United States members in place of their principals, were the senior officers from their respective services on the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington. In the course of the war, the First Sea Lord was represented by Admiral Sir Charles Little,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063680\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"to the combatant commanders from the Prime minister and President as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. The Chairman is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister; and is finally confirmed by the President. Unlike United States's Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the appointment of Chairman does not need confirmation via majority vote by the Parliament. Although, the appointment needs confirmation from the Prime minister. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general, four-star air chief marshal and/or four star admiral. By law required, all four-star officers are required to have\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Army Staff and Chief of Air Staff and the Chief of Naval Staff, Commandant of Marines, DG Strategic Plans Division, and commanders of the service branches in the paramilitary command. Even as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO), the Chairman does not have any authority over the command of the combatant forces. The individual service chiefs are solely responsible for the coordination and logistics of the armed and combatant forces. Due to this constraint, the chiefs of army, air force, navy and marines are much in command and control of their respected commands. The Chairman's mandate is to transmit strategic communications\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737017\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Board accomplished little as its charter gave it no authority to enforce its decisions. The Joint Board also lacked the ability to originate its own opinions and was thus limited to commenting only on the problems submitted to it by the Secretaries of War and Navy. As a result, the Joint Board had little to no impact on the manner in which the United States conducted World War I. After World War I, in 1919 the two Secretaries agreed to reestablish and revitalize the Joint Board. The mission of the General staff was to develop plans for mobilization for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1600555\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"of the Chairman. The Vice Chairman will not be eligible for elevated appointment to Chairman or be appointed to another four-star position unless in times of war or national emergency. The positional color (flag) of the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is white with a diagonal medium blue strip from upper hoist to lower fly. Centered on the flag is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally, in proper colors. The talons grasp three crossed arrows. A shield with blue chief and thirteen red and white stripes is on the eagle's breast. Diagonally, from upper fly\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2291485\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"which, none weren't taken in confidence, and the joint efforts were unsupported at either a planning or operational level, and were also constrained over disagreements during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Due to lack of complete and comprehensive communication, each services blamed the others for operational failures. As surrendered to India in 1971, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed a federal commission chaired by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman to conduct federal studies on the failure of the civil-military relations. Recommendations noted in \\\"Higher Direction of War act\\\" in the HRC report, it strongly called for the establishment of Joint Chiefs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"1 November 2018 to provide advice to the Committee on the views of Other Ranks. The current membership of the Chiefs of Staff Committee: The role of the Committee is to provide advice on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations.
Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434899\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"the Defence Staff. The CDS remained as chairman of the committee and was also recognized as the professional head of the British Armed Forces. In 1964, the post of Chief of the Imperial General Staff was discontinued and the Army was thereafter represented by the Chief of the General Staff. Since then, the only major changes have been the appointment of the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff to act as a deputy to the CDS and the inclusion of the Commander, Joint Forces Command on the committee. A Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chiefs of Staff Committee was appointed on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434898\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff and a Chairman who held a rank one level higher than the service heads. While Unification did not officially take place until 1968, the committee was replaced by the Armed Forces Council in 1964 after\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5763876\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head of the forces, the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, who is the vice-chairman and deputy professional head of the armed forces. The Committee also consists of the professional heads of each branch of the armed forces: the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434894\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"military and state's affairs. In the absence of the joint staff mechanism, the defence plans and executions of operations were oversaw by each inter-service which affected the overall performance of the armed forces. Coordination between each inter-service became increasingly difficult. In a thesis written by Pervez Cheema, the 1971 war was fought \\\"without a purpose and with total lack of coordination between the civil effort and the armed forces, and between four fighting services: the Army, Navy and Air Force.\\\" Furthermore, the federal studies also noted that the top military brass had alienated the Army, Navy and Air Force. in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Staff George Marshall came up with the idea of a combined board, and sold it to Roosevelt and together the two sold the idea to Churchill. Churchill's military aides were much less favorable, and general Alan Brooke, the chief of the British Army, was strongly opposed. However, Brooke was left behind in London to handle the daily details of running the British war effort, and was not consulted. As part of Marshall's plan, Roosevelt also set up a Joint Chiefs of Staff on the American side. The combined board was permanently stationed in Washington, where Field Marshall John Dill represented\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063677\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff (Canada)\",\n \"text\": \"the publication of a Defence White Paper which proposed significant changes to the command structure of Canada's armed forces. The position of Chairman was replaced by the position of Chief of the Defence Staff with greatly expanded powers and functions. Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5763877\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is the highest-ranking military officer and head of the Operational Authority (command) over the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF). He or she assists the Minister of Defense on all matters with regards to the JSDF, and executes orders of the Minister of Defense, with directions from the Prime Minister. The current \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" is Admiral Katsutoshi Kawano. The \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\" is the head of the , which consists of an Senior Enlisted Advisor to the \\\"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\\\", the Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, an Administrative\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20618831\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by providing information management services that include Joint Staff and Combatant Command records management policy and oversight; forms, directives, and NATO document management; staff action research, archiving, and content\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11762838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)\",\n \"text\": \"Headquarters of each service branch. Currently there are five Operational Commands in the Army, two in the Navy (including the Marine Corps) and one in the Air Force. It was created in May 1954, though there had been Supreme Command of the Armed Forces dating from 1948. All (regular) members of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs are 4-star generals and admirals, though the Deputy Chairman in the past has been 3-star Lieutenant-General or Vice-Admiral intermittently. Traditionally, the Chairman is chosen from the Army (with one previous and one current exceptions as October 2013) while the Deputy Chairman is selected from\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11236444\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Requirements Oversight Council\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who also serves as the co-chair of the Defense Acquisition Board. The other JROC members are the Vice Chiefs of each military service: Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Moreover, the JROC charters Functional Capabilities Boards. These boards are chaired by a JROC-designated chair and, for appropriate topics, co-chaired by a representative of the Milestone Decision Authority. Functional Capabilities Boards are the lead coordinating bodies to ensure that the joint force is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8324035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"strain in the relation between the civilian government and the military. The four-star admirals in the Pakistan Navy have been notably superseded by the junior army officers, in instances took place in 2005 when Adm. Karim was superseded by junior-most Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq and, in 2011 when Adm. Numan was bypassed in favor of Lt-Gen. Wynne. In 2014, the practice continued by the civil government when Adm. Asif Sandila was bypassed and overlooked when the junior most officer, Lt-Gen. Rashad Mahmood was eventually appointed as Chairman joint chiefs. Due to such preferential treatments given to army department, the retired\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4737021\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee Admiral Sunil Lanba stated the heads of the three services had \\\"finally agreed on a permanent chief of staff committee,\\\" and the matter had been sent to the Defence Ministry for consideration. Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20972902\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)\",\n \"text\": \"is also bound to protect classified information to protect the security interests of the country and its citizens both at home and abroad, whether they be civilian or military. Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11762845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff\",\n \"text\": \"Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D Roosevelt. It emerged from the meetings of the Arcadia Conference in Washington, from December 22, 1941 to January 14, 1942. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Prime Minister Churchill and his senior military staff used Arcadia an opportunity to lay out the general strategy for the war. The American Army Chief of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3063676\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission\",\n \"text\": \"Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission () is the command organ and the headquarters for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was founded on January 11, 2016 under Xi Jinping's military reforms. It is under the absolute leadership of the Central Military Commission. The Department continues PLA Operations Command, Recruitments, Mobilizations, Formation, Trainings and Administration duties. Its Headquarters is located in Beijing and the current chief of Joint staff is General Li Zuocheng. The current deputy chiefs are Lt General\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19275402\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)\",\n \"text\": \"Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of the Naval Staff (( (reporting name as CNS), is a military appointment and a Statutory office held by the four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Naval Staff is one of the senior-most appointments in the Pakistan military who is one of the senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, providing senior consultation to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to act as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13200210\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a lack of communication between the service branches, and therefore suggested to create a Chief of Defence Staff position. This was however rejected by many members of the military, arguing that only great or imperial powers engaging in power projection\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20972900\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)\",\n \"text\": \"Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Army Staff () (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Army Staff is a senior most appointment in the Pakistani military who is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, usually consulting with the Chairman joint chiefs to act as a military adviser to the Prime Minister and its civilian government in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9078637\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Forces Staff College\",\n \"text\": \"is to educate national security professionals in the planning and execution of joint, multinational, and interagency operations in order to instill a primary commitment to joint, multinational, and interagency teamwork, attitudes, and perspectives. In the 1930s, few officers were qualified, either by training or experience, to engage in joint operations. The demands of World War II brought out the urgent need for joint action by ground, sea, and air forces. To alleviate the friction and misunderstanding resulting from lack of joint experience, the Joint Chiefs of Staff established an Army and Navy Staff College (ANSCOL) in 1943. ANSCOL conducted a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8224332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army\",\n \"text\": \"position and became the coordinator deputy of the Chief Commander (). The position is currently held by Rear admiral Habibollah Sayyari, who is second-in-command and deputy of Major general Ataollah Salehi. Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (), acronymed SEMAJA (), is the chief of staff of Iran's regular military, Islamic Republic of Iran Army (\\\"Artesh\\\") with an aim to coordinate its four military branches. The Joint Staff has Central Provost and University of Command and Staff under control. From 1921 to 1998, \\\"Chairman of Chief of Staff\\\"\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19239228\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Forces Staff College\",\n \"text\": \"four-month course that was successful in training officers for joint command and staff duties. ANSCOL, which had been established to meet the immediate needs of war, was discontinued upon its conclusion. A joint committee was appointed to prepare a directive for a new school. This directive, which was approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 28 June 1946, established the Armed Forces Staff College (AFSC). Responsibility for the operation and maintenance of its facilities was charged to the Chief of Naval Operations. Following a temporary residence in Washington, D.C., AFSC was established in Norfolk, Virginia, on August 13, 1946.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8224333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989\",\n \"text\": \"Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989 At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the British Armed Forces structure was as follows: In 1989 the British Armed Forces had a peacetime strength of 311,600 men and defense expenditures were 4.09% of GDP. Joint establishments were tri-service units providing services to all three branches of the British Armed Forces/ The Defence Operations Executive, led by the Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) and including the Assistant Chiefs of the Naval, General, and Air Staffs, supervised the Joint Operations Centre which in turn passed orders to the forces\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20444199\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"the Chief of the General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. The Chiefs of Staff Committee was initially established as a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence in 1923. It remained as such until the abolition of the CID upon the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The initial composition of the committee was the professional heads of the three services, the First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. Each service head took turns being chairman of the committee. During the Second World War the committee\",\n \"psg_id\": \"3434895\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee\",\n \"text\": \"of Pakistan grew in size and political influence increased after the 1965 war with India. Though, the joint coordination mechanism was felt but no steps were taken. Precursors of this body can be found in East Pakistan when Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan became the Commander of the Eastern High Command. Law and order was significantly improved under Admiral Ahsan, but before the system fully evolved, Admiral Ahsan tendered his resignation amid political differences with the President Yahya Khan. As the crisis in East Pakistan progressed, following the intervention by India, the top military brass had the full control of the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7161861\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of the Romanian General Staff\",\n \"text\": \"the level of the General Staff. The Committee is a deliberative structure, having a consultative role. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee meets to discuss important topics with regard to the Romanian Armed Forces’ activity, usually quarterly or whenever necessary. The Chief of General Staff is also the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. The Gallery of the Chiefs of General Staff consists of 48 Flag and Commissioned Officers in the 1859–2006 timeframe. Chief of the Romanian General Staff The Chief of General Staff () is the highest professional military authority in the Romanian Armed Forces. He is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8341519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Chief of the Defence Staff (Spain)\",\n \"text\": \"Minister of Defence and whose Chairmain was also the Chief of the General Staff. This body assumed all the functions of the EMP when it was suppressed. In 1984, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was institutionalized and the position of Chief of Defence Staff (JEMAD) was created, replacing the Chairman of the Board of Chiefs of Staff. At the same time, the Defence Staff was created to support the JEMAD. The Joint Chiefs of Staff was in force until 2005, when the new National Defence Organic Act created the National Defence Council as an advisory body to the Prime Minister\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17327424\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["colon powell","collin powell","secretary powell","coat of arms of colin powell","colin l. powell","general colin powell","colin l powell","general powell","balloonfoot","colin luther powell","colin powel","emily j. miller","colin powell","colonel powell"],"string":"[\n \"colon powell\",\n \"collin powell\",\n \"secretary powell\",\n \"coat of arms of colin powell\",\n \"colin l. powell\",\n \"general colin powell\",\n \"colin l powell\",\n \"general powell\",\n \"balloonfoot\",\n \"colin luther powell\",\n \"colin powel\",\n \"emily j. miller\",\n \"colin powell\",\n \"colonel powell\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":598,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who became leader of the bosnian serbs in 1992?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the multi-ethnic Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina – which was inhabited by mainly Muslim Bosniaks (44 percent), as well as Orthodox Serbs (32.5 percent) and Catholic Croats (17 percent) – passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992. This was rejected by the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs, who had boycotted the referendum. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence (which gained international recognition), the Bosnian Serbs, led by Radovan Karadžić and supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević and the","psg_id":"2930328"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the multi-ethnic Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina – which was inhabited by mainly Muslim Bosniaks (44 percent), as well as Orthodox Serbs (32.5 percent) and Catholic Croats (17 percent) – passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992. This was rejected by the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs, who had boycotted the referendum. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence (which gained international recognition), the Bosnian Serbs, led by Radovan Karadžić and supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930328\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War","text":"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against Serbs in the Operation Sana Beginning in 1991, political upheavals in the Balkans displaced about 2,700,000 people by mid-1992, of which over 700,000 of them sought asylum in other European countries. The methods used during the","psg_id":"15506681"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"such a referendum directly impacted \"the principles of equality among nations and nationalities\". Citizens of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina voted for independence in the referendum held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) and Bosnian Croat voters, while Bosnian Serbs largely boycotted the referendum or were prevented by Bosnian Serb authorities from participating. According to the SDS, independence would result in the Serbs becoming \"a national minority in an Islamic state\". It blocked the delivery of ballot boxes with armed irregular units and dropped leaflets encouraging a boycott, although","psg_id":"15589456"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the rise of ethnic tensions that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak and Bosnian Croat voters while Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum or were prevented from participating by Bosnian Serb authorities. The total turnout of voters was 63.4%, 99.7% of whom voted for independence. On 3 March, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and","psg_id":"15589446"},{"title":"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War","text":"clear distinction must be drawn between physical destruction and mere dissolution of a group. The expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice for genocide. — ECHR quoting the ICJ. Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against","psg_id":"15506689"},{"title":"Serbs in Mostar","text":"Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in 1992, during which a majority of them left. With the city's post-war division into Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) halves, very few Serbs have returned. As a result, its current Serb population, as registered by the 2013 census, numbers 4,421 or about 4.2% of the population of the town. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Serbs from Mostar were merchants and traders. They formed business communities in Vienna, Trieste, Novi Sad, in the Republic of Venice, as well","psg_id":"8879347"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"at the beginning of the Bosnian War in early 1992. Even before the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs began, another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje went unnoticed in the public. Eventually, the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs forced foreign journalists including Tom Gjelten to reconsider their initial judgement about Sarajevo being harmonious. Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one","psg_id":"20468809"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"population, and their number was 1,366,104. The total number of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina continued to reduce, especially after the Bosnian Civil War broke out in 1992. Soon, an exodus of Bosnian Serbs occurred when a large number of Serbs were expelled from central Bosnia, Ozren, Sarajevo, Western Herzegovina and Krajina. According to the 1996 census, made by UNHCR and officially unrecognized, there was 3,919,953 inhabitants, of which 1,484,530 (37.88%) were Serbs. In the territory of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the percentage of Serbs slightly changed, although,their total number reduced. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as","psg_id":"5277530"},{"title":"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War","text":"Bosnia along with VRS forces from 1992 up to 1995. In May 1995, the VRS Herzegovina Corps intended to organize an international brigade in eastern Bosnia which gathered between 150 and 600 Greek and Russian mercenaries fighting for 200 German marks monthly. The Greek Volunteer Guard, who were organized in March 1995 with around 100 soldiers, were reported to have taken part in the Srebrenica Massacre, with the Greek flag being hoisted in Srebrenica when the town fell to the Serbs. Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various","psg_id":"8859130"},{"title":"Bosnian language","text":"mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch. However, the constitution of refers to it as the \"Language spoken by Bosniaks\", because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name. Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools. Montenegro officially recognizes","psg_id":"1508071"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"been pouring into the country. The JNA armed Bosnian Serbs and the Croatian Defence Force the Herzegovinian Croats. The Bosnian Muslim Green Berets and Patriotic League were established already in fall 1991, and drew up a defense plan in February 1992. It was estimated that 250–300,000 Bosnians were armed, and that some 10,000 were fighting in Croatia. By March 1992, perhaps three quarters of the country were claimed by Serb and Croat nationalists. On 4 April 1992, when Izetbegović ordered all reservists and police in Sarajevo to mobilise, and SDS called for evacuation of the city's Serbs, came the 'definite","psg_id":"2930372"},{"title":"Foreign support in the Bosnian War","text":"arms smuggling. The TWRA received $350 million from deposits by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, Turkey, Brunei, Malaysia and Pakistan. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting","psg_id":"20384517"},{"title":"Battle of Kupres (1992)","text":"from Croatia following the implementation of the Vance plan, it was reorganised into a new Bosnian Serb army. This reorganisation followed the declaration of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This declaration was later cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. On 27 March,","psg_id":"17677456"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in November held a referendum about remaining within Yugoslavia. At the same time it issued the \"Instructions for the Organization and Activities of the Organs of the Serbian People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Emergency Conditions\" which told SDS officials to form Serb Municipal Assemblies and Crisis Staffs, secure supplies for Serbs, and create extensive communication networks. In January 1992, the assembly declared the creation of the Republic of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its secession. The Bosnian government declared the referendum an unconstitutional and self-proclaimed entity and it was","psg_id":"15589451"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) to later unify them to create a Greater Serbia. As early as September or October 1990, the JNA had begun to arm Bosnian Serbs and organize them into militias. That same year the JNA disarmed the Territorial Defense Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (TORBiH). By March 1991, the JNA had distributed an estimated 51,900 firearms to Serb paramilitaries and 23,298 firearms to the SDS. Throughout 1991 and early 1992, the SDS heavily Serbianized the police force in order to increase Serb political control. According to Noel Malcolm, the \"steps taken by Karadžić and","psg_id":"15589449"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"the minority due to the genocide conducted against it in World War II\", and it was declared to be a part of Yugoslavia. The Bosnian Serb assembly members advised Serbs to boycott the referendums held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. The turnout to the referendums was reported as 63.7%, with 92.7% of voters voting in favour of independence (implying that Bosnian Serbs, which made up approximately 34% of the population, largely boycotted the referendum). The Serb political leadership used the referenda as a pretext to set up roadblocks in protest. Independence was formally declared by the Bosnian parliament","psg_id":"2930355"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"commander Blaž Kraljević and incorporated into the HVO and ARBiH. The Army of Republika Srpska (\"\", VRS) was established on 12 May 1992. It was loyal to Republika Srpska, a Serb breakaway state that sought unification with FR Yugoslavia. Serbia provided logistical support, money and supplies to the VRS. Bosnian Serbs had made up a substantial part of the JNA officer corps. Milošević relied on the Bosnian Serbs to win the war themselves. Most of the command chain, weaponry, and higher-ranked military personnel, including General Ratko Mladić, were JNA. Various paramilitary units were operated during the Bosnian War: the Serb","psg_id":"2930367"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"of them ethnic Serbs. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a member State of the United Nations on 22 May 1992. From May to December 1992, the Bosnian Ministry of the Interior (BiH MUP), Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and later the Bosnian Territorial Defence Forces (TO RBiH) operated the Čelebići prison camp. It was used to detain 700 Bosnian Serb prisoners of war arrested during military operations that were intended to de-block routes to Sarajevo and Mostar in May 1992 that had earlier been blocked by Serb forces. Of these 700 prisoners, 13 died while in captivity.","psg_id":"2930380"},{"title":"1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo","text":"Serbs who the first casualties of the Bosnian War are. Bosniaks and Croats consider the first casualties of the war to be Suada Dilberović and Olga Sučić. Serbs consider Nikola Gardović, a groom's father who was killed at a Serb wedding procession on the second day of the referendum, on 1 March 1992 in Sarajevo's old town Baščaršija, to be the first victim of the war. 1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo On 5 April 1992, in response to events all over Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 people of all nationalities turned out for a peace rally in Sarajevo. Serb snipers in","psg_id":"18727932"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Srpska, while another 197,925 had gone to Serbia. According to the data of the Serbian Commissariat for Refugees, up to 1995 Serbia housed 266,000 refugees from Bosnia Herzegovina and a total of 70,000 refugees returned to the country of their origin. After the Yugoslav Wars Serbia became home to the highest number of refugees (which included Bosnian Serbs) and IDPs in Europe. Serbs massively left the capital Sarajevo in early 1996. The 2013 population census registered 1,086,733 Serbs or 30.8% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Serbs are the most territorially widespread nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.","psg_id":"5277521"},{"title":"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War","text":"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War Four major international peace plans were proposed before and during the Bosnian War by European Community (EC) and United Nations (UN) diplomats before the conflict was settled by the Dayton Agreement in 1995. The Bosnian war which lasted from 1992 to 1995 was fought among its three main ethnicities Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. Whilst the Bosniak plurality had sought a nation state solely for Bosniaks, the Croats had created an autonomous community that functioned independently of central Bosnian rule, and the Serbs declared independence for the region's eastern and northern regions","psg_id":"6771860"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"had convicted 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks of war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia. The most recent estimates suggest that around 100,000 people were killed during the war. Over 2.2 million people were displaced, making it the most devastating conflict in Europe since the end of World War II. In addition, an estimated 12,000–20,000 women were raped, most of them Bosniak. There is debate over the start date of the Bosnian War. Clashes between Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats started in late February 1992, and \"full-scale hostilities had broken out by 6 April\", the same","psg_id":"2930332"},{"title":"Bosnian mujahideen","text":"Croatia between the Croatian Army and the breakaway Serb Krajina. Meanwhile, the Bosnian Muslim leadership opted for independence. Serbs established autonomous provinces and Bosnian Croats took similar steps. The war broke out in April 1992. Muslim countries came to support the Bosnian Muslims and an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. Support came from Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other Muslim countries. There were also Islamist organizations and Muslim non-profit organizations and charitable trusts that supported the Bosnian Muslims. Muslim foreign fighters joined the Bosnian Muslim side. ICG estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters. Charles R. Shrader estimated up to 4,000. J.","psg_id":"11250952"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one of many exoduses of Serbs during Bosnian War. Right before this exodus there was another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje. Both of them preceded by massive exodus of more than 250,000 Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm which set precedents for the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs. It was reported on","psg_id":"20468805"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"on 3 March 1992. During the referendum on 1 March, Sarajevo was quiet except for a shooting on a Serbian wedding. The brandishing of Serbian flags in the Baščaršija was seen by Muslims as a deliberate provocation on the day of the referendum which was supported by most Bosnian Croats and Muslims but boycotted by most of the Bosnian Serbs. Nikola Gardović, the bridegroom's father was killed while a Serbian Orthodox priest was wounded. Witnesses identified the killer as Ramiz Delalić, also known as \"Celo\", a minor gangster who had become an increasingly brazen criminal since the fall of communism","psg_id":"2930356"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"the Serbs. Some individuals from other European countries volunteered to fight for the Croat side, including Neo-Nazis such as Jackie Arklöv, who was charged with war crimes upon his return to Sweden. Later he confessed he committed war crimes on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the Heliodrom and Dretelj camps as a member of Croatian forces. The Bosnians received support from Muslim groups. Pakistan supported Bosnia while providing technical and military support. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) allegedly ran an active military intelligence program during the Bosnian War which started in 1992 lasting until 1995. Executed and supervised by Pakistani General Javed","psg_id":"2930370"},{"title":"Migration of the Serbs","text":"with Leopold I, who was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, whereby the Habsburgs granted the Serbs ecclesiastic autonomy and some degree of self-administration, much to the displeasure of the Roman Catholic Church and Hungarian authorities. Leopold recognized Arsenije as the leader of Habsburg Serbs in both religious and secular affairs, and indicated that this power would be held by all future Archbishops. In 1712, Sremski Karlovci became the Patriarchate for Serbs living in the Habsburg Empire. In the early 1890s, Hungarian officials announced plans for a Budapest Millennium Exhibition to be held in 1896; it was intended to","psg_id":"18987129"},{"title":"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia","text":"Powers. This left them no choice but to join a union largely dominated by ethnic Serbs, which came to be known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Upon its creation, the state was composed of six million Serbs, 3.5 million Croats and 1 million Slovenes. Being the largest ethnic group, the Serbs favoured a centralized state, whereas Croats, Slovenes and Bosnian Muslims did not. Approved on 28 June 1921 and based on the Serbian constitution of 1903, the so-called Vidovdan Constitution established the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a parliamentary monarchy under the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty.","psg_id":"9043387"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"volunteers had attacked the predominantly Croat town of Ravno in September 1991, Bosnian Serb policemen fired upon Bosniak populated areas of Šipovo during which 3,000 Bosniaks fled, and Serb paramilitary units targeted Foča, Višegrad, Zvornik, Bijeljina, and other towns in east Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the month of recognition, the siege of Sarajevo began, by which time the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) controlled 70% of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the","psg_id":"15589460"},{"title":"Serbs in Mostar","text":"the city administration promised to set aside 100,000 KM (about 50,000 euros) for the reconstruction of the cathedral, and the Ministry of Culture of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity pledged 200,000 convertible marks (about 100,000 euros), while a local attorney, Faruk Ćupina (a Bosnian Muslim), was the first private citizen to donate any money - 10,000 convertible marks (about 5,000 euros). The estimated total cost of the project is 15 million convertible marks (about 7.5 million euros). Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in","psg_id":"8879354"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"of Croatia was created with many concessions on the Serbian side. Serbs in Dalmatia, Slavonia, Krajina and Posavina found themselves in a Croatian entity within Yugoslavia, while virtually no Croats remained in the Serbian federal entity in 1939. Most Bosnian Serbs supported federalist policies of Pribicevic during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Bosnian Serbs were put under the rule of the fascist Ustaša regime in the Independent State of Croatia. Under Ustaša rule Serbs along with Jews and Roma people, were subjected to systematic genocide where hundreds of thousands of civilian Serbs were murdered. According to the","psg_id":"5277507"},{"title":"Serbs of Croatia","text":"government. For example, lengthy and in some cases unfair proceedings, particularly in lower level courts, remain a major problem for Serbian returnees pursuing their rights in court. In addition, Serbs continue to be discriminated against in access to employment and in realizing other economic and social rights. Also some cases of violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs continue to be reported. The property laws allegedly favor Bosnian Croats refugees who took residence in houses that were left unoccupied and unguarded by Serbs after Operation Storm. Amnesty International's 2005 report considers one of the greatest obstacles to the return of thousands","psg_id":"6889178"},{"title":"Serbs of Croatia","text":"Serbs, or the Vlachs, who are commonly called the Serbs\"\". Tihomir Đorđević points to the already known fact that the name 'Vlach' didn't only refer to genuine Vlachs or Serbs but also to cattle breeders in general. In the Venetian documents from the late 16th and 17th centuries, the name \"Morlachs\" (another term of Vlachs, first mentioned in the 14th century) was used for immigrants from conquered territory previously of Croatian and Bosnian kingdoms by the Ottoman Empire. They were of both Orthodox and Catholic faith, settled inland of the coastal cities of Dalmatia, and entered the military service of","psg_id":"6889134"},{"title":"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War","text":"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various countries. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. The presence of foreign fighters is well documented, however none of these groups comprised more than 5 percent of any of the respective armies' total manpower strength. An estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters fought on the Bosnian side. The Bosnian","psg_id":"8859125"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"seated in Pale. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Carrington-Cutileiro peace plan), as did the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Bosniak political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently revoked the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country based on ethnic lines. The Bosnian Civil War began. Among the Serb population, the war is known as the \"Defensive Fatherland War\". Serbs and the Army of the Serb Republic (VRS) was outnumbered, outgunned, and isolated, faced","psg_id":"5277515"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"voluntarily or forced. Some authors explain that ethnic cleansing of Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm (silently supported by major powers like United States and Germany) set precedent for the exodus of 150,000 terrified suburban Sarajevo Serbs who did not feel that a Muslim-led Bosnian government or the outside world will guarantee their safety. The Western observers claimed that Serbs used mass exhumations during their exodus from Sarajevo to gain moral victory. Historian Peter Brock explained that even after the 1996 exodus, the Western media still refused to acknowledge the flight of tens of thousands of Sarajevo Serbs that occurred","psg_id":"20468808"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"in 1910, the winner was Serbian National Organization. On June 28, 1914, Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip made international headlines after assassinating Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo. This sparked World War I leading to Austria-Hungary's defeat and the incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During WWI, Serbs in Bosnia were often blamed for the outbreak of the war, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and were subjected to persecution by the Austro-Hungarian authorities, including internment and looting of their businesses, by people who were instigated to ethnic violence. Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs served in Montenegrin and","psg_id":"5277501"},{"title":"Bosnian language","text":"only legitimate name is \"Bosnian\" language (\"\"), and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name \"Bosnian\" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while Bosnian Croats and Serbs reject that designation for their idioms. The language is called \"Bosnian language\" in the 1995 Dayton Accords and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN), and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian","psg_id":"1508067"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини / \"Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini\") are one of the three constitutive nations (State-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska. In the other entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs form the majority in Drvar, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Serbs (Serbian and Bosnian: Босански Срби / \"Bosanski Srbi\") in English, regardless of whether they are from Bosnia or Herzegovina. They are also known by regional names such","psg_id":"5277474"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"against regular Croatian Army (HV), Croatian Defense Council (HVO), mainly Muslim Army of Bosnia & Herzegovina (ABiH), forces of Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia and NATO airstrikes. Furthermore, Serbs faced weapons embargo, and sanctions from the Western countries, Russia, and even Serbia and FR Yugoslavia under Slobodan Milosevic, who instituted sanctions against the Serb Republic in 1993. Milosevic supported every single peace plan the International Community proposed, even those which did not presuppose the existence of the Serb Republic. Throughout most of the war the Bosnian Serbs fought against both the Bosniaks (\"Muslims\") and the Bosnian Croats. During Bosniak-Croat hostilities","psg_id":"5277516"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"for raping two Serbian women. Bosnian commander Sefer Halilović was charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war on the basis of superior criminal responsibility of the incidents during Operation Neretva '93 and found not guilty. Serbs have accused Sarajevo authorities of practicing selective justice by actively prosecuting Serbs while ignoring or downplaying Bosniak war crimes. Dario Kordić, political leader of Croats in Central Bosnia, was convicted of the crimes against humanity in Central Bosnia i.e. ethnic cleansing and sentenced to 25 years in prison. On 29 May 2013, in a first instance verdict, the","psg_id":"2930451"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"joined the programme in December 2006. Currently, there are several Serbian political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Srpska. The Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), and Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) are the most popular parties. SDS was founded in 1990 and is major political parties among Bosnian Serbs, being the most powerful during the Bosnian Civil War (1992–1995). SNSD was founded on pro-European, democratic, federalist, socialist principles, but has later on switched its tendencies into populism and pro-Russian external policies. PDP is Christian democratic, traditionalist, conservative and pro-Europeanist political party. Cultural","psg_id":"5277535"},{"title":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)","text":"arms embargo. Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden.","psg_id":"11969845"},{"title":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)","text":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden. After initially","psg_id":"11969838"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"championship while sons Vanja and Nikola became Olympic champions with Serbian team. Other players that represented Serbia with success are Đorđe Đurić, Brankica Mihajlović, Tijana Bošković, Jelena Blagojević, Sanja and Saša Starović. Besides team sports, Bosnian Serbs achieved success and in individual sports such as Slobodan and Tadija Kačar in boxing, Radomir Kovačević, Nemanja Majdov and Aleksandar Kukolj in judo, Milenko Zorić in canoeing, Velimir Stjepanović in swimming, Andrea Arsović in shooting, Andrea Petkovic in tennis, Draženko Mitrović in paralympic athletics, etc. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини /","psg_id":"5277554"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"to Bosnian-Muslim forces, as well as allowed Iranian-supplied arms to transit through Croatia to Bosnia. However, in light of widespread NATO opposition to American (and possibly Turkish) endeavors in coordinating the \"black flights of Tuzla\", the United Kingdom and Norway expressed disapproval of these measures and their counterproductive effects on NATO enforcement of the arms embargo. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence also played an active role during 1992–1995 and secretly supplied the Muslim fighters with arms, ammunition and guided anti tank missiles to give them a fighting chance against the Serbs. Pakistan defied the UN's ban on supply of arms to Bosnian","psg_id":"2930363"},{"title":"Bosnian genocide","text":"murdered and the remainder of the population (between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly people) was forced to leave the area. If a wider definition is used, then the number is much larger. According to the ICTY Demographic Unit, an estimated 69.8% or 25,609 of the civilians killed in the war were Bosniak (with 42,501 military deaths), with the Bosnian Serbs suffering 7,480 civilian casualties (15,299 military deaths), the Bosnian Croats suffering 1,675 civilian casualties (7,183 military deaths), amounting to a total of 104,732 casualties, spread between the Bosnian Croats (8.5%), Bosnian Serbs (21.7%), Bosniaks (65%), and others","psg_id":"4552023"},{"title":"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)","text":"referendum was in favor of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, but of Bosnian Serbs, therefore the Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum. The turnout was 64.3% of which 99.7% of the votes were in favor of the Bosnian independence, thus on March 3 1992 the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegovic declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Yugoslav People's Army had a concept of \"Total National Defence\", which gave the army a role to defend the borders from aggressors. According to some sources, the higher officials of the Yugoslav People's Army stated","psg_id":"20962971"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"memoirs suggest that Milošević planned for an attack on Bosnia well in advance. On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serbs proclaimed the \"Republic of the Serbian People in Bosnia-Herzegovina\" (SR BiH, later Republika Srpska), but did not officially declare independence. The Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in its 11 January 1992 Opinion No. 4 on Bosnia and Herzegovina stated that the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina should not be recognised because the country had not yet held a referendum on independence. On 25 January 1992, an hour after the session of parliament was adjourned, the parliament called","psg_id":"2930352"},{"title":"Serbs in Sarajevo","text":"Serbs in Sarajevo The Serbs of Sarajevo numbered 157,526 according to the 1991 census, making up more than 30% of the Sarajevo Metropolitan area (10 pre-war municipalities; Centar, Stari Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Novi Grad, Ilidza, Ilijas, Vogosca, Hadzici, Trnovo, and Pale. Today, following the Bosnian War, few Serbs remain in central areas of Sarajevo; however, many parts of the pre-war metropolitan area are now forming the city of East Sarajevo in Republika Srpska; namely, Pale RS, East Ilidza, East Novo Sarajevo, Trnovo RS, and East Stari Grad. Forcefully, most have either moved abroad, to Serbia or other countries, or moved","psg_id":"8952368"},{"title":"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)","text":"the arms embargo, so that they could arm their army to resist the Serbs. Izetbegović and other Bosniak politicians also claimed that the embargo was an illegal violation of the Bosnian right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Starting in 1992, a number of US foreign policy experts and politicians began to warm to the idea of lifting the arms embargo to even the playing field, and a number advocated air strikes against the Serbs, as they were perceived to be the principal aggressors. In July 1992, Bill Clinton adopted the idea of lift and strike as","psg_id":"11969842"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"sanctions after the National Assembly of Republika Srpska refused the Vance-Owen peace plan. In 1995, Operation Storm eliminated the Republic of Serbian Krajina. The Croatian Army continued the offensive into Republika Srpska. Some 250,000 Serbs fled to Republika Srpska and Serbia from Croatia, as the Serb side continued a full retreat of Serbs from the Una to the Sana river. The Croatian Army, supported by Bosnian government forces came within 20 km of the \"de facto\" Bosnian Serb capital, Banja Luka, but were halted by Serbian defenders near Prijedor and throughout Bosnian Krajina, when their airplanes could finally fly without","psg_id":"5277519"},{"title":"History of the Serbs","text":"1914, a young Bosnian Serb student named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, which directly contributed to the outbreak of World War I. In the fighting that ensued, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary. Despite being outnumbered, the Serbs subsequently defeated the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer, which marked the first Allied victory over the Central Powers in the war. Further victories at the battles of Kolubara and the Drina meant that Serbia remained unconquered as the war entered its second year. However, an invasion by the forces of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria overwhelmed the Serbs in the","psg_id":"6516519"},{"title":"Bosnian nationalism","text":"respectively. Nevertheless, in part due to the dominant standing held in the previous centuries by the native Muslim population in Ottoman Bosnia, a sense of Bosnian nationhood was cherished mainly by Muslim Bosnians, while fiercely opposed by nationalists from Serbia and Croatia who were instead opting to claim the Bosnian Muslim population as their own, a move that was rejected by most Bosnian Muslims. In an article of the journal \"Bošnjak\" (\"The Bosniak\"), Bosniak author and mayor of Sarajevo Mehmed-beg Kapetanović declared that Bosnian Muslims were neither Croats nor Serbs but a distinct, though related, people: Upon the founding of","psg_id":"12003488"},{"title":"1992 Bosnian independence referendum","text":"thousands of Serbs in larger cities voted for independence. There were bombings and shootings throughout the voting period. Voter turnout was 63.4 percent, of whom 99.7 percent voted for independence. However, the referendum failed to attain the constitutionally-required two-thirds majority since only 63.4 percent of eligible voters participated. On 3 March, Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian parliament ratified his action. On 4 March United States Secretary of State James Baker urged the EEC to recognize Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on 6 March Izetbegović requested international recognition. On 10 March, a","psg_id":"15589457"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Serbian army en masse, as they felt loyalty to the overall pan-Serbian cause. Bosnian Serbs also served in Austrian Army, and were loyal to Austria-Hungary when it came to Italian Front, but they often deserted and switched sides when they were sent to the Russian front, or to Serbian Front. Many Serbs supported the advance of fellow Montenegrin Serb Army, when it entered into Herzegovina, and advanced close to Sarajevo in 1914, as the King of Montenegro, King Nicholas I Petrovich-Njegos was very popular among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs because of his pan-Serbian and Serbian nationalist views and help during","psg_id":"5277502"},{"title":"History of the Serbs","text":"The Bosnian War ended that same year, with the Dayton Agreement dividing the country along ethnic lines. In 1998–99, a conflict in Kosovo between the Yugoslav Army and Albanians seeking independence erupted into full-out war, resulting in a 78-day-long NATO bombing campaign which effectively drove Yugoslav security forces from Kosovo. Subsequently, more than 200,000 Serbs and other non-Albanians fled the province. On 5 October 2000, Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosević was overthrown in a bloodless revolt after he refused to admit defeat in the 2000 Yugoslav general election. The Serbian Revival refers to a period in the history of the Serbs","psg_id":"6516524"},{"title":"Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration","text":"pharmaceutical factory at Khartoum (the capital of Sudan) and several alleged terrorist camps in Afghanistan—were involved in terrorist activities. Much of the focus of Clinton's foreign policy during his first term was the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a nation in southeastern Europe that had declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1992. This declaration was the catalyst of a war between Bosnian Serbs, who wanted Bosnia to remain in the Yugoslav federation, and Bosnian Muslims and Croats. The Bosnian Serbs, who were supported by Serbia, were better equipped than the Muslims and the Croats; as a result, they populated and","psg_id":"9053585"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"States would grant recognition to Bosnia as an independent state. What is indisputable is that Izetbegovic, that same day, withdrew his signature and renounced the agreement\". In late March 1992, there was fighting between Serbs and combined Croat and Bosniak forces in and near Bosanski Brod, resulting in the killing of Serb villagers in Sijekovac. Serb paramilitaries committed the Bijeljina massacre, most of the victims of which were Bosniaks, on 1–2 April 1992. There were three factions in the Bosnian War: The three ethnic groups predominantly supported their respective ethnic or national faction. Bosniaks mainly the ARBiH, Croats the HVO,","psg_id":"2930359"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"inhabited mainly by Serbs, who were either Orthodox by faith or followers of an Orthodox sect of Bogomil. Heading 32 of De Administrando Imperio of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, is called \"On the Serbs and the lands in which they live\". It speaks of the territories inhabited by Serbs in which he mentions Bosnia, specifically two inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, both of which are in an unidentified geographic position. Austria-Hungary pursued a demographic policy of reducing the Serbian population and trying to erase their identity, converting it to a \"Bosnian nationhood\", therefore, Austrian population census only had religious affiliation as a","psg_id":"5277523"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"day that the United States and European Economic Community (EEC) recognised Bosnia and Herzegovina. Misha Glenny gives a date of 22 March, Tom Gallagher gives 2 April, while Mary Kaldor and Laura Silber and Allan Little give 6 April. Philip Hammond, currently the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, claimed that the most common view is that the war started on 6 April 1992. Serbs consider the Sarajevo wedding shooting, when a groom's father was killed on the second day of the Bosnian independence referendum, 1 March 1992, to have been the first victim of the war. The Sijekovac killings of","psg_id":"2930333"},{"title":"Snagovo massacre","text":"Snagovo massacre The Snagovo massacre refers to the mass killing of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians by Serbs on 29 April 1992 in the village Snagovo, located in the municipality of Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The massacre occurred at the start of the Bosnian War. Snagovo was among the hardest hit villages at the start of the Bosnian War in 1992. Between April and June 1992, Serbs ethnically cleansed the village of its Bosnian Muslim residents. On 29 April 1992, Serbs captured a group of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians who were hiding in the woods in Snagovo and took them to","psg_id":"18733376"},{"title":"Serbs","text":"the 19th century, some Serbs converted to Protestantism, while historically some Serbs were Catholics (especially in Dalmatia; e.g. Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik). The remainder of Serbs remain predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christians. Among the most notable national and ethnic symbols are the flag of Serbia and the coat of arms of Serbia. The flag consists of a red-blue-white tricolour, rooted in Pan-Slavism, and has been used since the 19th century. Apart from being the national flag, it is also used officially in Republika Srpska (by Bosnian Serbs) and as the official ethnic flag of Croatian Serbs. The coat of arms, which","psg_id":"699159"},{"title":"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs","text":"professor Dino Murtić emphasized that exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was massive and planned and that Bosnian president Izetbegović initially demonstrated indifference about it stating that the people of Sarajevo \"finally deserved to be free of their murderers\". After some time, Izetbegović called Serbs to stay in Sarajevo. Some Serbs exhumated the graves of their ancestors from Sarajevo graveyards to graveyards near their new accommodation. Some authors believed that all involved parties in Bosnia were responsible for the mass exodus of Sarajevo Serbs, including the officials of Republika Srpska. For some authors it was difficult to determine if this exodus was","psg_id":"20468807"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"of Bosnia & Herzegovina, therefore not changing internat district borders of Bosnia. Bosnian Serbs constituted around a half of the total Bosnian population, but they constituted a vast territorial majority and have unilaterally proclaimed union with Serbia, for the second time in modern history, now in 1918. In total, 42 out of 54 municipalities in Bosnia & Herzegovina proclaimed union(annexation to) Serbia, without the approval of „People's Yugoslav“ government in Sarajevo, without even consulting them, in 1918. The regime of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was characterized by limited parliamentarism, and ethnic tensions, mainly between Croats and Serbs. The state of","psg_id":"5277504"},{"title":"Origin hypotheses of the Serbs","text":"Serbia in what is now Saxony (eastern Germany) and western Poland). After the Hunnic leader Attila died (in 453), Alanian Serbi presumably became independent and ruled in the east of the river Saale (in modern-day Germany) over the local Slavic population. Over time, they, it is argued, intermarried with the local Slavic population of the region, adopted Slavic language, and transferred their name to the Slavs. According to Tadeuš Sulimirski, similar event could occur in the Balkans or Serbs who settled in the Balkans were Slavs who came from the north and who were ruled by already slavicized Alans. Deformed","psg_id":"5233465"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"nation. At the end of the 19th century, Bosnian Serbs founded various reading, cultural and singing societies, and at the beginning of the 20th century, a new Bosnian Serb intelligentsia played a major role in the political life of Serbs. One of the major Serbian cultural and national organizations was Prosvjeta, \"Bosanska Vila\" and \"Zora\", among others. Serbian national organizations were focused on the preservation of Serbian language, history and culture. First Serbian Sokol societies on the present territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were founded in the late 19th century by intellectuals. Stevan Žakula, is remembered as a prominent worker","psg_id":"5277499"},{"title":"Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)","text":"internal unit of the FRY, in which Serbian President Milošević seemed to have more influence on federal politics than the Yugoslav President (the first federal president, Dobrica Ćosić was forced to resign for opposing Milošević). The Milosevic government did not have official territorial claims on the Republic of Macedonia. Others have claimed that Milosevic only advocated self-determination of self-proclaimed Serbs who wished to remain in Yugoslavia. During the Yugoslav Wars in Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, Milošević supported Serb separatists who wished to secede from these newly created states. This support extended to controversial figures such as Bosnian Serb leader","psg_id":"11388088"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"is 44.40% of total Bosnian population. According to the 1961 census, Serbs made up 42.89% of total population, and their number was 1,406,053. After that, districts were divided into smaller municipalities. According to the 1971 census, Serbs were 37,19% of total population, and their number was 1,393,148. According to the 1981 census, Serbs made up 32,02% of total population, and their number was 1,320,738. After 1981, their percentage continued to reduce. From 1971 to 1991, the percentage of Serbs fell due to emigration into Montenegro, Serbia, and Western Europe. According to the 1991 census, Serbs were 31.21% of the total","psg_id":"5277529"},{"title":"Bosnian mujahideen","text":"the phenomenon of Wahhabism in Bosnia concluded that despite Bosnian Serb and Serbian media reports of terrorist cells, the risk of a terrorist attack in Bosnia and Herzegovina 'is not higher than in other parts of the world'. Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \"mujāhid\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and","psg_id":"11250980"},{"title":"Operation Tiger (1992)","text":"Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) was deployed to Croatia to supervise and maintain the agreement. The conflict largely passed on to entrenched positions and the JNA retreated from Croatia into Bosnia and Herzegovina, where a new conflict was anticipated. Serbia continued to support the RSK after the JNA pullout. As the JNA disengaged from Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army; Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992. Between 29 February and 1 March 1992, a referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovinawhich would later be cited as a","psg_id":"17130211"},{"title":"Bosnian genocide denial","text":"\"killing (of) Bosnian-Muslim soldiers\" and even that was in response to the \"killing of over 2,000 Serb civilians, mostly women and children, at the location by Bosnian-Muslim army\", and that the numbers of executed Bosnian-Muslim soldiers \"were probably in the order of between 500 and 1,000 (...) (i)n other words, less than half of the number of Serbs civilians killed before July, 1995\". For this complete reversal of reality they rely on and cite informations provided by another independent researcher Diana Johnstone, who herself never set foot in Bosnia, without a shadow of a doubt or critical examination into evidence","psg_id":"20120331"},{"title":"Bosnian mujahideen","text":"Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \"mujāhid\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and Croat forces. Mostly they came from North Africa, the Near East and the Middle East. Estimates of their numbers vary from 500–5,000. In the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. War broke out in","psg_id":"11250951"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"Serbs were forced to relocate to Serbia proper, Montenegro and Vojvodina. Having lived throughout much of Bosnia-Herzegovina prior to the Bosnian War, the majority now live in the Republika Srpska. According to the report by the Bosnia and Herzegovina statistics office, on the census of 2013 there were 1,086,733 Serbs living in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs settled the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. According to \"De Administrando Imperio\" (ca. 960), the Serbs had settled what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina. They inhabited and ruled \"Serbia\", which included \"Bosnia\" (with two inhabited cities; Kotor and Desnik), and \"Rascia\", and","psg_id":"5277476"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"persons within Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, at 588,000. Serbia took in 252,130 refugees from Bosnia, while other former Yugoslav republics received a total of 148,657 people. In June 1992, the Bosnian Serbs started Operation Vrbas 92 and Operation Corridor 92. The reported deaths of twelve newborn babies in Banja Luka hospital due to a shortage of bottled oxygen for incubators was cited as an immediate cause for the action, but the veracity of these deaths has since been questioned. Borisav Jović, a contemporary high-ranking Serbian official and member of the Yugoslav Presidency, has claimed that the report was just wartime","psg_id":"2930383"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"rupture between the Bosnian government and Serbs'. Bosnia and Herzegovina received international recognition on 6 April 1992. The most common view is that the war started that day. The war in Bosnia escalated in April. On 3 April, the Battle of Kupres began between the JNA and a combined HV-HVO force that ended in a JNA victory. On 6 April Serb forces began shelling Sarajevo, and in the next two days crossed the Drina from Serbia proper and besieged Muslim-majority Zvornik, Višegrad and Foča. All of Bosnia was engulfed in war by mid-April. On 23 April, the JNA evacuated its","psg_id":"2930373"},{"title":"Republika Srpska (1992–95)","text":"municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (including regions described as \"places in which the Serbian people remained in the minority due to the genocide conducted against them during World War II\"), and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. From 29 February to 2 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. The majority of Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serbian people in the Bosnian parliament. On 6 April 1992,","psg_id":"6400385"},{"title":"Battle of Orašje","text":"of Bosnia and Herzegovina that took place between 29 February and 1 March 1992. This declaration would later be cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March 1992. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the final days of March, Bosnian Serb forces bombarded Bosanski Brod with artillery, resulting in a cross-border operation by the Croatian Army (\"Hrvatska vojska\" – HV) 108th Brigade. On 4 April 1992, JNA artillery began shelling Sarajevo. There","psg_id":"18071197"},{"title":"Bosnian Muslim Republic","text":"Bosnian Muslim Republic A Bosnian Muslim Republic, that is, consolidation of Bosniak-inhabited territories into a Bosniak nation-state, was proposed during the Bosnian War when plans for the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made. It would either be established as one of three ethnic states in a loose confederation, or as an independent \"Muslim state\" in the area controlled by the Bosnian Army, as proposed by Islamists. Thus, the Bosniak-inhabited territories or Bosnian Army-controlled area (the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) would become a Bosniak state, as Republika Srpska was for the Bosnian Serbs and Herzeg-Bosnia for the Bosnian Croats.","psg_id":"19539778"},{"title":"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)","text":"Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. And two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo. During the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, the Bosnian Serbs living in Bosnia held a referendum for independence and in January 1992 they formed the Republic of Srpska, also known as the Serb Republic. The main goal of the newly formed Serb Republic was to unify with Serbia and Montenegro in one state for the Serb ethnic groups. Bosnia did not recognize the referendum held by the Bosnian Serbs, and then between February 29 and March 1 a new referendum took place, for the independence of Bosnia. The","psg_id":"20962970"},{"title":"Serbs of Montenegro","text":"a recognised minority language along with Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian. Since 2006, both in linguistic and other aspects of cultural life, ethnic Serbs of Montenegro have been exposed to gradual \"non-coercive\" Montenegrinisation. The Serbs are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the strongest religious institution of Montenegro (with a total of 460,383 followers or 74%). One of the largest places of worship is the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in Podgorica. The future of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro has been threatened by the newly formed Montenegrin Orthodox Church which has claimed Serbian Orthodox churches in Montenegro, and","psg_id":"19175870"},{"title":"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War","text":"ethnic power-sharing on all administrative levels and the devolution of central government to local ethnic communities. However, all Bosnia-Herzegovina's districts would be classified as Bosniak, Serb or Croat under the plan, even where no ethnic majority was evident. In later negotiations, there were compromises about changing district borders. On 3 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina was declared independent following a referendum held days earlier on February 29 and 1 March. On 11 March 1992, the Assembly of the Serb People of Republika Srpska (the self-proclaimed parliament of the Bosnian Serbs) unanimously rejected the original peace plan, putting forth their own","psg_id":"6771862"},{"title":"Foreign support in the Bosnian War","text":"Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting the Bosnian Muslims were Al-Qaeda (including Bosnian branch), Harkat ul-Ansar, Refah Party, Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, and others. Among foreign non-profit organizations and charitable trusts were the Saudi Benevolence International Foundation (Al-Qaeda) and al-Haramain Foundation (Al-Qaeda-associated), the Turkish IHH, and others. The Third World Relief Agency (TWRA) based in Vienna was the \"main financier and mediator\" in the","psg_id":"20384516"},{"title":"Bosnian War","text":"in relation to the former, or any other, Yugoslavia\". Jović's memoirs show that Milošević had on 5 December 1991 ordered for the JNA troops in BiH to be reorganised, its non-Bosnian personnel to be withdrawn, in case recognition would result in the perceival of the JNA as a foreign force; left would be Bosnian Serbs to form the nucleus of a Bosnian Serb army. Accordingly, by the end of the month the JNA in BiH had only 10–15% from outside the republic. Silber and Little note that Milošević secretly ordered all Bosnian-born JNA soldiers to be transferred to BiH. Jović's","psg_id":"2930351"},{"title":"The Maniacs","text":"and other cities across Yugoslavia. After the breakeup of Yugoslavia and when Bosnian War start, Grbavica a quarter of the city of Sarajevo where Grbavica Stadium is located was on front lines of battle between Bosnian army and Bosnian Serbs forces. Many members of \"The Maniacs\" joined Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Zelene beretke. One of them was Dževad Begić-Đilda. He was one of the founders and leader of The Maniacs. Dževad Begić was killed 1992 by sniper shot when he was trying to save wounded civilians. The most important day of every \"Maniac\" is 2","psg_id":"16208960"},{"title":"Museum of Serbs of Croatia","text":"Museum of Serbs of Croatia Museum of Serbs of Croatia (, ) was a public museum in Zagreb, which was specialized in history of Serbs of Croatia. Museum existed from 1946 till 1963 when it became part of Croatian History Museum. Today, part of the material is kept in Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana, part in Prosvjeta, some in Museum of Croatian History and part of them were destroyed in mining of Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana on 11 April 1992 during War in Croatia. In 2009, on 65 anniversary of Prosvjeta, organization has launched an","psg_id":"17263151"},{"title":"Serbs of Montenegro","text":"a Montenegrin because I am a Serb, but a Serb because I am a Montenegrin. We Montenegrins are the salt of the Serbs. All the strength of the Serbs is not here [in Montenegro] but their soul is.\" Djilas also has said \"The Montenegrins are, despite provincial and historical differences, quintessentially Serbs, and Montenegro the cradle of Serbian myths and of aspirations for the unification of Serbs.\". After the secession of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in 1991 and 1992, SR Montenegro held the Montenegrin referendum in 1992 which ended with a 95.96% of votes in favour for","psg_id":"19175863"},{"title":"Bosnian Australians","text":"Bosnian Australians Bosnian Australians are Australian citizens of Bosnian ancestry or Bosnia and Herzegovina-born people who reside in Australia. According to the 2011 Australian census 39,440 Australians were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The vast majority of Bosnian migrants began arriving in Australia during and after the Bosnian War which took place between April 1992 and December 1995. There were smaller waves after World War II and again in the 1960s and 1970s. Bosnian migrants who arrived in Australia in the 1960s made important contributions to modern-day Australia through their role in the construction of the Snowy Mountains Scheme in","psg_id":"9272057"},{"title":"History of the Serbs","text":"and Lazar Hrebeljanović holding today's Central Serbia and a portion of Kosovo. Hrebeljanović was subsequently accepted as the titular leader of the Serbs because he was married to a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. In 1389, the Serbs faced the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo on the plain of Kosovo Polje, near the town of Pristina. Both Lazar and Sultan Murad I were killed in the fighting. The battle most likely ended in a stalemate, and Serbia did not fall to the Turks until 1459. There exists 30 Serbian chronicles from the period between 1390 and 1526. The Serbs","psg_id":"6516513"},{"title":"Bosnian Americans","text":"remained an important center for Bosnian Muslim religious activity, serving Bosnians and non-Bosnian Muslims in the Chicago metropolitan area. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 brought the largest influx of Bosnians to St Louis, which became the most popular United States destination for Bosnian refugees. It is estimated that 40,000 refugees moved to the St. Louis area in the 1990s and early 2000s, bringing the total St. Louis Bosnian population to some 70,000. In Chicago, the Bosnian community has largely settled in the northern part of the city, between Lawrence and Howard, from Clark to Lake","psg_id":"9701124"},{"title":"Bosnian nationalism","text":"\"Islamic Declaration\" that called for an Islamic renewal amongst Bosniaks, Izetbegović was arrested by Yugoslav state authorities in 1983 on allegations that he was promoting a purely Muslim Bosnia, and served five years in prison. In 1990, Izetbegović and others founded the Party of Democratic Action, that became the main Bosniak party in the Bosnian parliament. The eruption of the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995 strengthened Bosnian Muslim identity. In 1993, \"Bosniak\" was officially revived as the ethnic or national designation to replace \"Muslim by nationality\" employed by the Yugoslav authorities. Bosnian nationalism Bosnian nationalism or Bosniandom ( /","psg_id":"12003492"},{"title":"Serbs in Hungary","text":"Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. About two-thirds of the Serbs (called \"optants\") left Hungary in the following decade. Almost the whole Serb population of Sárok, Deszk, Újszentiván, Szőreg, Majs and Dunaszekcső became optants. In 1910, 26,248 people in the territory of present-day Hungary spoke Serbian language. In 1920, number of Serbian speakers was 17,132, in 1930 7,031, in 1941 5,442, in 1970 11,177, in 1980 3,426, in 1990 2,953, 2001 3,388 and in 2011 3,708(compared with 7,210 declared Serbs in the same year). Small Serb communities are scattered in the southern part of the country. There are also some Serbs who","psg_id":"8496611"},{"title":"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina","text":"labor, jizya, harsh taxation and slavery. Although their percentage in the overall population decreased, Orthodox Serbs managed to stay a relative majority in their land, and constitute a territorial majority within the territory of contemporary Bosnia, as Orthodox Serbs were traditionally a rural population within Bosnia, while Muslims were more often an urban populace, due to their services as city guards and traders. Bosnian Serbs often rebelled against Ottoman rule. The Serb Uprising of 1596–97 was suppressed at Gacko. It was a part of a broader Serb struggle against the Ottomans, in support of Austria and Venice. In 1809, Jančić's","psg_id":"5277492"},{"title":"Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia","text":"support for the development of the Republic of Macedonia as a multiethnic, free-market orientated democracy. It has traditional base of members and supporters in the regions of Skopska Crna Gora inhabited by Serbs, among Serbs in the cities of Skopje and Kumanovo and among other minor communities of Serbs in other areas of the Republic of Macedonia. From the inception of political pluralism in the Republic of Macedonia, it is by far the most representative political option for Serbs in this state and since the 2001 change of party leadership, its preferred political partner is VMRO-DPMNE, current leader of parliamentary","psg_id":"5240611"},{"title":"Christophe Caze","text":"Christophe Caze Christophe Caze (22 October 1969–29 March 1996) was a French terrorist and criminal, a former medical student in Lille, France. Caze was one of France's foremost terrorists. Caze was raised Catholic. A medical student, he travelled to Bosnia in 1992 to practice medicine, working at the Zenica hospital. He converted into Islam and joined the Bosnian mujahideen in the Bosnian War, a unit that fought Jihad against Serbs. He became an extremist, and is reported to have played football with heads of decapitated Serbs. Abu Hamza al-Masri, who was a Bosnian mujahideen, was the religious guide of Christophe","psg_id":"6092935"},{"title":"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia","text":"Jasenovac, marching women and children to death, and shooting most of the remaining male inmates, then torched buildings and documents before fleeing. The Ustashe viewed religion and nationality as closely linked; while Roman Catholicism and Islam (Bosnian Muslims were viewed as Croats) were recognized as Croatian national religions, Eastern Orthodoxy was deemed inherently incompatible with the Croatian state project. They saw Orthodoxy as hostile because it was identified as Serb. On 3 May 1941 a law was passed on religious conversions, pressuring Serbs to convert to Catholicism and thereby adopt Croat identity. This was made on the eve of Pavelić's","psg_id":"9043405"},{"title":"Swedish Serbs","text":"particular skills were deficient within Sweden, as migrant workers (called \"Arbetskraftsinvandring\", see \"gastarbeiter\"). During the 1960s and 1970s, agreements were signed with the government of Yugoslavia to help Sweden overcome its severe labour shortage. Bosnian and Croatian Serbs migrated in another wave during and after the Yugoslav wars. Another wave of Kosovo Serbs came during the Kosovo war in 1999. The Swedish census data includes country of birth, but does not include ethnicity, descendants or naturalized people, thus, the total number of ethnic Serbs in Sweden is hard to define. Various estimations include: 80,000; 110,000; 120,000; and 140,000. Aco Dragićević,","psg_id":"12195717"},{"title":"Bosnian genocide","text":"overturned by the appeals chamber, which narrowed the crime of genocide only to Srebrenica. On 16 June 2004, in \"Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević: Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal\", the ICTY Trial Chamber refused to acquit former Serbian president Slobodan Milošević on the same grounds, and ruled: On 26 February 2007, however, in the Bosnian genocide case, the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ) found that there was no evidence linking Serbia under the rule of Milošević to genocide committed by Bosnian Serbs in the Bosnian War. However, the court did find that Milošević and others in Serbia","psg_id":"4551997"},{"title":"Battle of Kupres (1994)","text":"and villages were intermittently attacked by artillery, or missiles. As the JNA disengaged in Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army, as Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina—which would later be cited as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs set up barricades in the capital, Sarajevo and elsewhere on 1 March, and the next day the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the","psg_id":"17094072"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against Serbs in the Operation Sana Beginning in 1991, political upheavals in the Balkans displaced about 2,700,000 people by mid-1992, of which over 700,000 of them sought asylum in other European countries. The methods used during the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15506681\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"such a referendum directly impacted \\\"the principles of equality among nations and nationalities\\\". Citizens of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina voted for independence in the referendum held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) and Bosnian Croat voters, while Bosnian Serbs largely boycotted the referendum or were prevented by Bosnian Serb authorities from participating. According to the SDS, independence would result in the Serbs becoming \\\"a national minority in an Islamic state\\\". It blocked the delivery of ballot boxes with armed irregular units and dropped leaflets encouraging a boycott, although\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the rise of ethnic tensions that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak and Bosnian Croat voters while Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum or were prevented from participating by Bosnian Serb authorities. The total turnout of voters was 63.4%, 99.7% of whom voted for independence. On 3 March, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589446\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"clear distinction must be drawn between physical destruction and mere dissolution of a group. The expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice for genocide. — ECHR quoting the ICJ. Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15506689\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Mostar\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in 1992, during which a majority of them left. With the city's post-war division into Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) halves, very few Serbs have returned. As a result, its current Serb population, as registered by the 2013 census, numbers 4,421 or about 4.2% of the population of the town. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Serbs from Mostar were merchants and traders. They formed business communities in Vienna, Trieste, Novi Sad, in the Republic of Venice, as well\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8879347\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"at the beginning of the Bosnian War in early 1992. Even before the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs began, another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje went unnoticed in the public. Eventually, the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs forced foreign journalists including Tom Gjelten to reconsider their initial judgement about Sarajevo being harmonious. Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"population, and their number was 1,366,104. The total number of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina continued to reduce, especially after the Bosnian Civil War broke out in 1992. Soon, an exodus of Bosnian Serbs occurred when a large number of Serbs were expelled from central Bosnia, Ozren, Sarajevo, Western Herzegovina and Krajina. According to the 1996 census, made by UNHCR and officially unrecognized, there was 3,919,953 inhabitants, of which 1,484,530 (37.88%) were Serbs. In the territory of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the percentage of Serbs slightly changed, although,their total number reduced. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277530\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnia along with VRS forces from 1992 up to 1995. In May 1995, the VRS Herzegovina Corps intended to organize an international brigade in eastern Bosnia which gathered between 150 and 600 Greek and Russian mercenaries fighting for 200 German marks monthly. The Greek Volunteer Guard, who were organized in March 1995 with around 100 soldiers, were reported to have taken part in the Srebrenica Massacre, with the Greek flag being hoisted in Srebrenica when the town fell to the Serbs. Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8859130\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian language\",\n \"text\": \"mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch. However, the constitution of refers to it as the \\\"Language spoken by Bosniaks\\\", because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name. Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools. Montenegro officially recognizes\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1508071\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"been pouring into the country. The JNA armed Bosnian Serbs and the Croatian Defence Force the Herzegovinian Croats. The Bosnian Muslim Green Berets and Patriotic League were established already in fall 1991, and drew up a defense plan in February 1992. It was estimated that 250–300,000 Bosnians were armed, and that some 10,000 were fighting in Croatia. By March 1992, perhaps three quarters of the country were claimed by Serb and Croat nationalists. On 4 April 1992, when Izetbegović ordered all reservists and police in Sarajevo to mobilise, and SDS called for evacuation of the city's Serbs, came the 'definite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930372\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign support in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"arms smuggling. The TWRA received $350 million from deposits by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, Turkey, Brunei, Malaysia and Pakistan. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20384517\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Kupres (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"from Croatia following the implementation of the Vance plan, it was reorganised into a new Bosnian Serb army. This reorganisation followed the declaration of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This declaration was later cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. On 27 March,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17677456\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in November held a referendum about remaining within Yugoslavia. At the same time it issued the \\\"Instructions for the Organization and Activities of the Organs of the Serbian People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Emergency Conditions\\\" which told SDS officials to form Serb Municipal Assemblies and Crisis Staffs, secure supplies for Serbs, and create extensive communication networks. In January 1992, the assembly declared the creation of the Republic of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its secession. The Bosnian government declared the referendum an unconstitutional and self-proclaimed entity and it was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) to later unify them to create a Greater Serbia. As early as September or October 1990, the JNA had begun to arm Bosnian Serbs and organize them into militias. That same year the JNA disarmed the Territorial Defense Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (TORBiH). By March 1991, the JNA had distributed an estimated 51,900 firearms to Serb paramilitaries and 23,298 firearms to the SDS. Throughout 1991 and early 1992, the SDS heavily Serbianized the police force in order to increase Serb political control. According to Noel Malcolm, the \\\"steps taken by Karadžić and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589449\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"the minority due to the genocide conducted against it in World War II\\\", and it was declared to be a part of Yugoslavia. The Bosnian Serb assembly members advised Serbs to boycott the referendums held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. The turnout to the referendums was reported as 63.7%, with 92.7% of voters voting in favour of independence (implying that Bosnian Serbs, which made up approximately 34% of the population, largely boycotted the referendum). The Serb political leadership used the referenda as a pretext to set up roadblocks in protest. Independence was formally declared by the Bosnian parliament\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930355\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"commander Blaž Kraljević and incorporated into the HVO and ARBiH. The Army of Republika Srpska (\\\"\\\", VRS) was established on 12 May 1992. It was loyal to Republika Srpska, a Serb breakaway state that sought unification with FR Yugoslavia. Serbia provided logistical support, money and supplies to the VRS. Bosnian Serbs had made up a substantial part of the JNA officer corps. Milošević relied on the Bosnian Serbs to win the war themselves. Most of the command chain, weaponry, and higher-ranked military personnel, including General Ratko Mladić, were JNA. Various paramilitary units were operated during the Bosnian War: the Serb\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930367\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"of them ethnic Serbs. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a member State of the United Nations on 22 May 1992. From May to December 1992, the Bosnian Ministry of the Interior (BiH MUP), Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and later the Bosnian Territorial Defence Forces (TO RBiH) operated the Čelebići prison camp. It was used to detain 700 Bosnian Serb prisoners of war arrested during military operations that were intended to de-block routes to Sarajevo and Mostar in May 1992 that had earlier been blocked by Serb forces. Of these 700 prisoners, 13 died while in captivity.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930380\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs who the first casualties of the Bosnian War are. Bosniaks and Croats consider the first casualties of the war to be Suada Dilberović and Olga Sučić. Serbs consider Nikola Gardović, a groom's father who was killed at a Serb wedding procession on the second day of the referendum, on 1 March 1992 in Sarajevo's old town Baščaršija, to be the first victim of the war. 1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo On 5 April 1992, in response to events all over Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 people of all nationalities turned out for a peace rally in Sarajevo. Serb snipers in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18727932\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Srpska, while another 197,925 had gone to Serbia. According to the data of the Serbian Commissariat for Refugees, up to 1995 Serbia housed 266,000 refugees from Bosnia Herzegovina and a total of 70,000 refugees returned to the country of their origin. After the Yugoslav Wars Serbia became home to the highest number of refugees (which included Bosnian Serbs) and IDPs in Europe. Serbs massively left the capital Sarajevo in early 1996. The 2013 population census registered 1,086,733 Serbs or 30.8% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Serbs are the most territorially widespread nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277521\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War Four major international peace plans were proposed before and during the Bosnian War by European Community (EC) and United Nations (UN) diplomats before the conflict was settled by the Dayton Agreement in 1995. The Bosnian war which lasted from 1992 to 1995 was fought among its three main ethnicities Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. Whilst the Bosniak plurality had sought a nation state solely for Bosniaks, the Croats had created an autonomous community that functioned independently of central Bosnian rule, and the Serbs declared independence for the region's eastern and northern regions\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6771860\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"had convicted 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks of war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia. The most recent estimates suggest that around 100,000 people were killed during the war. Over 2.2 million people were displaced, making it the most devastating conflict in Europe since the end of World War II. In addition, an estimated 12,000–20,000 women were raped, most of them Bosniak. There is debate over the start date of the Bosnian War. Clashes between Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats started in late February 1992, and \\\"full-scale hostilities had broken out by 6 April\\\", the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930332\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian mujahideen\",\n \"text\": \"Croatia between the Croatian Army and the breakaway Serb Krajina. Meanwhile, the Bosnian Muslim leadership opted for independence. Serbs established autonomous provinces and Bosnian Croats took similar steps. The war broke out in April 1992. Muslim countries came to support the Bosnian Muslims and an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. Support came from Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other Muslim countries. There were also Islamist organizations and Muslim non-profit organizations and charitable trusts that supported the Bosnian Muslims. Muslim foreign fighters joined the Bosnian Muslim side. ICG estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters. Charles R. Shrader estimated up to 4,000. J.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11250952\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one of many exoduses of Serbs during Bosnian War. Right before this exodus there was another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje. Both of them preceded by massive exodus of more than 250,000 Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm which set precedents for the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs. It was reported on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468805\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"on 3 March 1992. During the referendum on 1 March, Sarajevo was quiet except for a shooting on a Serbian wedding. The brandishing of Serbian flags in the Baščaršija was seen by Muslims as a deliberate provocation on the day of the referendum which was supported by most Bosnian Croats and Muslims but boycotted by most of the Bosnian Serbs. Nikola Gardović, the bridegroom's father was killed while a Serbian Orthodox priest was wounded. Witnesses identified the killer as Ramiz Delalić, also known as \\\"Celo\\\", a minor gangster who had become an increasingly brazen criminal since the fall of communism\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930356\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"the Serbs. Some individuals from other European countries volunteered to fight for the Croat side, including Neo-Nazis such as Jackie Arklöv, who was charged with war crimes upon his return to Sweden. Later he confessed he committed war crimes on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the Heliodrom and Dretelj camps as a member of Croatian forces. The Bosnians received support from Muslim groups. Pakistan supported Bosnia while providing technical and military support. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) allegedly ran an active military intelligence program during the Bosnian War which started in 1992 lasting until 1995. Executed and supervised by Pakistani General Javed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930370\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Migration of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"with Leopold I, who was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, whereby the Habsburgs granted the Serbs ecclesiastic autonomy and some degree of self-administration, much to the displeasure of the Roman Catholic Church and Hungarian authorities. Leopold recognized Arsenije as the leader of Habsburg Serbs in both religious and secular affairs, and indicated that this power would be held by all future Archbishops. In 1712, Sremski Karlovci became the Patriarchate for Serbs living in the Habsburg Empire. In the early 1890s, Hungarian officials announced plans for a Budapest Millennium Exhibition to be held in 1896; it was intended to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18987129\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Powers. This left them no choice but to join a union largely dominated by ethnic Serbs, which came to be known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Upon its creation, the state was composed of six million Serbs, 3.5 million Croats and 1 million Slovenes. Being the largest ethnic group, the Serbs favoured a centralized state, whereas Croats, Slovenes and Bosnian Muslims did not. Approved on 28 June 1921 and based on the Serbian constitution of 1903, the so-called Vidovdan Constitution established the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a parliamentary monarchy under the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9043387\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"volunteers had attacked the predominantly Croat town of Ravno in September 1991, Bosnian Serb policemen fired upon Bosniak populated areas of Šipovo during which 3,000 Bosniaks fled, and Serb paramilitary units targeted Foča, Višegrad, Zvornik, Bijeljina, and other towns in east Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the month of recognition, the siege of Sarajevo began, by which time the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) controlled 70% of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589460\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Mostar\",\n \"text\": \"the city administration promised to set aside 100,000 KM (about 50,000 euros) for the reconstruction of the cathedral, and the Ministry of Culture of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity pledged 200,000 convertible marks (about 100,000 euros), while a local attorney, Faruk Ćupina (a Bosnian Muslim), was the first private citizen to donate any money - 10,000 convertible marks (about 5,000 euros). The estimated total cost of the project is 15 million convertible marks (about 7.5 million euros). Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8879354\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"of Croatia was created with many concessions on the Serbian side. Serbs in Dalmatia, Slavonia, Krajina and Posavina found themselves in a Croatian entity within Yugoslavia, while virtually no Croats remained in the Serbian federal entity in 1939. Most Bosnian Serbs supported federalist policies of Pribicevic during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Bosnian Serbs were put under the rule of the fascist Ustaša regime in the Independent State of Croatia. Under Ustaša rule Serbs along with Jews and Roma people, were subjected to systematic genocide where hundreds of thousands of civilian Serbs were murdered. According to the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277507\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"government. For example, lengthy and in some cases unfair proceedings, particularly in lower level courts, remain a major problem for Serbian returnees pursuing their rights in court. In addition, Serbs continue to be discriminated against in access to employment and in realizing other economic and social rights. Also some cases of violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs continue to be reported. The property laws allegedly favor Bosnian Croats refugees who took residence in houses that were left unoccupied and unguarded by Serbs after Operation Storm. Amnesty International's 2005 report considers one of the greatest obstacles to the return of thousands\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6889178\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs, or the Vlachs, who are commonly called the Serbs\\\"\\\". Tihomir Đorđević points to the already known fact that the name 'Vlach' didn't only refer to genuine Vlachs or Serbs but also to cattle breeders in general. In the Venetian documents from the late 16th and 17th centuries, the name \\\"Morlachs\\\" (another term of Vlachs, first mentioned in the 14th century) was used for immigrants from conquered territory previously of Croatian and Bosnian kingdoms by the Ottoman Empire. They were of both Orthodox and Catholic faith, settled inland of the coastal cities of Dalmatia, and entered the military service of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6889134\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various countries. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. The presence of foreign fighters is well documented, however none of these groups comprised more than 5 percent of any of the respective armies' total manpower strength. An estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters fought on the Bosnian side. The Bosnian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8859125\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"seated in Pale. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Carrington-Cutileiro peace plan), as did the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Bosniak political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently revoked the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country based on ethnic lines. The Bosnian Civil War began. Among the Serb population, the war is known as the \\\"Defensive Fatherland War\\\". Serbs and the Army of the Serb Republic (VRS) was outnumbered, outgunned, and isolated, faced\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277515\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"voluntarily or forced. Some authors explain that ethnic cleansing of Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm (silently supported by major powers like United States and Germany) set precedent for the exodus of 150,000 terrified suburban Sarajevo Serbs who did not feel that a Muslim-led Bosnian government or the outside world will guarantee their safety. The Western observers claimed that Serbs used mass exhumations during their exodus from Sarajevo to gain moral victory. Historian Peter Brock explained that even after the 1996 exodus, the Western media still refused to acknowledge the flight of tens of thousands of Sarajevo Serbs that occurred\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468808\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"in 1910, the winner was Serbian National Organization. On June 28, 1914, Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip made international headlines after assassinating Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo. This sparked World War I leading to Austria-Hungary's defeat and the incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During WWI, Serbs in Bosnia were often blamed for the outbreak of the war, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and were subjected to persecution by the Austro-Hungarian authorities, including internment and looting of their businesses, by people who were instigated to ethnic violence. Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs served in Montenegrin and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277501\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian language\",\n \"text\": \"only legitimate name is \\\"Bosnian\\\" language (\\\"\\\"), and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name \\\"Bosnian\\\" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while Bosnian Croats and Serbs reject that designation for their idioms. The language is called \\\"Bosnian language\\\" in the 1995 Dayton Accords and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN), and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1508067\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини / \\\"Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini\\\") are one of the three constitutive nations (State-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska. In the other entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs form the majority in Drvar, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Serbs (Serbian and Bosnian: Босански Срби / \\\"Bosanski Srbi\\\") in English, regardless of whether they are from Bosnia or Herzegovina. They are also known by regional names such\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277474\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"against regular Croatian Army (HV), Croatian Defense Council (HVO), mainly Muslim Army of Bosnia & Herzegovina (ABiH), forces of Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia and NATO airstrikes. Furthermore, Serbs faced weapons embargo, and sanctions from the Western countries, Russia, and even Serbia and FR Yugoslavia under Slobodan Milosevic, who instituted sanctions against the Serb Republic in 1993. Milosevic supported every single peace plan the International Community proposed, even those which did not presuppose the existence of the Serb Republic. Throughout most of the war the Bosnian Serbs fought against both the Bosniaks (\\\"Muslims\\\") and the Bosnian Croats. During Bosniak-Croat hostilities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"for raping two Serbian women. Bosnian commander Sefer Halilović was charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war on the basis of superior criminal responsibility of the incidents during Operation Neretva '93 and found not guilty. Serbs have accused Sarajevo authorities of practicing selective justice by actively prosecuting Serbs while ignoring or downplaying Bosniak war crimes. Dario Kordić, political leader of Croats in Central Bosnia, was convicted of the crimes against humanity in Central Bosnia i.e. ethnic cleansing and sentenced to 25 years in prison. On 29 May 2013, in a first instance verdict, the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930451\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"joined the programme in December 2006. Currently, there are several Serbian political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Srpska. The Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), and Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) are the most popular parties. SDS was founded in 1990 and is major political parties among Bosnian Serbs, being the most powerful during the Bosnian Civil War (1992–1995). SNSD was founded on pro-European, democratic, federalist, socialist principles, but has later on switched its tendencies into populism and pro-Russian external policies. PDP is Christian democratic, traditionalist, conservative and pro-Europeanist political party. Cultural\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277535\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)\",\n \"text\": \"arms embargo. Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969845\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)\",\n \"text\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden. After initially\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"championship while sons Vanja and Nikola became Olympic champions with Serbian team. Other players that represented Serbia with success are Đorđe Đurić, Brankica Mihajlović, Tijana Bošković, Jelena Blagojević, Sanja and Saša Starović. Besides team sports, Bosnian Serbs achieved success and in individual sports such as Slobodan and Tadija Kačar in boxing, Radomir Kovačević, Nemanja Majdov and Aleksandar Kukolj in judo, Milenko Zorić in canoeing, Velimir Stjepanović in swimming, Andrea Arsović in shooting, Andrea Petkovic in tennis, Draženko Mitrović in paralympic athletics, etc. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277554\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"to Bosnian-Muslim forces, as well as allowed Iranian-supplied arms to transit through Croatia to Bosnia. However, in light of widespread NATO opposition to American (and possibly Turkish) endeavors in coordinating the \\\"black flights of Tuzla\\\", the United Kingdom and Norway expressed disapproval of these measures and their counterproductive effects on NATO enforcement of the arms embargo. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence also played an active role during 1992–1995 and secretly supplied the Muslim fighters with arms, ammunition and guided anti tank missiles to give them a fighting chance against the Serbs. Pakistan defied the UN's ban on supply of arms to Bosnian\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930363\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian genocide\",\n \"text\": \"murdered and the remainder of the population (between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly people) was forced to leave the area. If a wider definition is used, then the number is much larger. According to the ICTY Demographic Unit, an estimated 69.8% or 25,609 of the civilians killed in the war were Bosniak (with 42,501 military deaths), with the Bosnian Serbs suffering 7,480 civilian casualties (15,299 military deaths), the Bosnian Croats suffering 1,675 civilian casualties (7,183 military deaths), amounting to a total of 104,732 casualties, spread between the Bosnian Croats (8.5%), Bosnian Serbs (21.7%), Bosniaks (65%), and others\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4552023\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"referendum was in favor of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, but of Bosnian Serbs, therefore the Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum. The turnout was 64.3% of which 99.7% of the votes were in favor of the Bosnian independence, thus on March 3 1992 the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegovic declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Yugoslav People's Army had a concept of \\\"Total National Defence\\\", which gave the army a role to defend the borders from aggressors. According to some sources, the higher officials of the Yugoslav People's Army stated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20962971\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"memoirs suggest that Milošević planned for an attack on Bosnia well in advance. On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serbs proclaimed the \\\"Republic of the Serbian People in Bosnia-Herzegovina\\\" (SR BiH, later Republika Srpska), but did not officially declare independence. The Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in its 11 January 1992 Opinion No. 4 on Bosnia and Herzegovina stated that the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina should not be recognised because the country had not yet held a referendum on independence. On 25 January 1992, an hour after the session of parliament was adjourned, the parliament called\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930352\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Sarajevo\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs in Sarajevo The Serbs of Sarajevo numbered 157,526 according to the 1991 census, making up more than 30% of the Sarajevo Metropolitan area (10 pre-war municipalities; Centar, Stari Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Novi Grad, Ilidza, Ilijas, Vogosca, Hadzici, Trnovo, and Pale. Today, following the Bosnian War, few Serbs remain in central areas of Sarajevo; however, many parts of the pre-war metropolitan area are now forming the city of East Sarajevo in Republika Srpska; namely, Pale RS, East Ilidza, East Novo Sarajevo, Trnovo RS, and East Stari Grad. Forcefully, most have either moved abroad, to Serbia or other countries, or moved\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8952368\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Lift and strike (Bosnian War)\",\n \"text\": \"the arms embargo, so that they could arm their army to resist the Serbs. Izetbegović and other Bosniak politicians also claimed that the embargo was an illegal violation of the Bosnian right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Starting in 1992, a number of US foreign policy experts and politicians began to warm to the idea of lifting the arms embargo to even the playing field, and a number advocated air strikes against the Serbs, as they were perceived to be the principal aggressors. In July 1992, Bill Clinton adopted the idea of lift and strike as\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11969842\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"sanctions after the National Assembly of Republika Srpska refused the Vance-Owen peace plan. In 1995, Operation Storm eliminated the Republic of Serbian Krajina. The Croatian Army continued the offensive into Republika Srpska. Some 250,000 Serbs fled to Republika Srpska and Serbia from Croatia, as the Serb side continued a full retreat of Serbs from the Una to the Sana river. The Croatian Army, supported by Bosnian government forces came within 20 km of the \\\"de facto\\\" Bosnian Serb capital, Banja Luka, but were halted by Serbian defenders near Prijedor and throughout Bosnian Krajina, when their airplanes could finally fly without\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"1914, a young Bosnian Serb student named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, which directly contributed to the outbreak of World War I. In the fighting that ensued, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary. Despite being outnumbered, the Serbs subsequently defeated the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer, which marked the first Allied victory over the Central Powers in the war. Further victories at the battles of Kolubara and the Drina meant that Serbia remained unconquered as the war entered its second year. However, an invasion by the forces of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria overwhelmed the Serbs in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6516519\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian nationalism\",\n \"text\": \"respectively. Nevertheless, in part due to the dominant standing held in the previous centuries by the native Muslim population in Ottoman Bosnia, a sense of Bosnian nationhood was cherished mainly by Muslim Bosnians, while fiercely opposed by nationalists from Serbia and Croatia who were instead opting to claim the Bosnian Muslim population as their own, a move that was rejected by most Bosnian Muslims. In an article of the journal \\\"Bošnjak\\\" (\\\"The Bosniak\\\"), Bosniak author and mayor of Sarajevo Mehmed-beg Kapetanović declared that Bosnian Muslims were neither Croats nor Serbs but a distinct, though related, people: Upon the founding of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12003488\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1992 Bosnian independence referendum\",\n \"text\": \"thousands of Serbs in larger cities voted for independence. There were bombings and shootings throughout the voting period. Voter turnout was 63.4 percent, of whom 99.7 percent voted for independence. However, the referendum failed to attain the constitutionally-required two-thirds majority since only 63.4 percent of eligible voters participated. On 3 March, Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian parliament ratified his action. On 4 March United States Secretary of State James Baker urged the EEC to recognize Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on 6 March Izetbegović requested international recognition. On 10 March, a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15589457\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Serbian army en masse, as they felt loyalty to the overall pan-Serbian cause. Bosnian Serbs also served in Austrian Army, and were loyal to Austria-Hungary when it came to Italian Front, but they often deserted and switched sides when they were sent to the Russian front, or to Serbian Front. Many Serbs supported the advance of fellow Montenegrin Serb Army, when it entered into Herzegovina, and advanced close to Sarajevo in 1914, as the King of Montenegro, King Nicholas I Petrovich-Njegos was very popular among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs because of his pan-Serbian and Serbian nationalist views and help during\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277502\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"The Bosnian War ended that same year, with the Dayton Agreement dividing the country along ethnic lines. In 1998–99, a conflict in Kosovo between the Yugoslav Army and Albanians seeking independence erupted into full-out war, resulting in a 78-day-long NATO bombing campaign which effectively drove Yugoslav security forces from Kosovo. Subsequently, more than 200,000 Serbs and other non-Albanians fled the province. On 5 October 2000, Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosević was overthrown in a bloodless revolt after he refused to admit defeat in the 2000 Yugoslav general election. The Serbian Revival refers to a period in the history of the Serbs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6516524\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration\",\n \"text\": \"pharmaceutical factory at Khartoum (the capital of Sudan) and several alleged terrorist camps in Afghanistan—were involved in terrorist activities. Much of the focus of Clinton's foreign policy during his first term was the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a nation in southeastern Europe that had declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1992. This declaration was the catalyst of a war between Bosnian Serbs, who wanted Bosnia to remain in the Yugoslav federation, and Bosnian Muslims and Croats. The Bosnian Serbs, who were supported by Serbia, were better equipped than the Muslims and the Croats; as a result, they populated and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9053585\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"States would grant recognition to Bosnia as an independent state. What is indisputable is that Izetbegovic, that same day, withdrew his signature and renounced the agreement\\\". In late March 1992, there was fighting between Serbs and combined Croat and Bosniak forces in and near Bosanski Brod, resulting in the killing of Serb villagers in Sijekovac. Serb paramilitaries committed the Bijeljina massacre, most of the victims of which were Bosniaks, on 1–2 April 1992. There were three factions in the Bosnian War: The three ethnic groups predominantly supported their respective ethnic or national faction. Bosniaks mainly the ARBiH, Croats the HVO,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"inhabited mainly by Serbs, who were either Orthodox by faith or followers of an Orthodox sect of Bogomil. Heading 32 of De Administrando Imperio of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, is called \\\"On the Serbs and the lands in which they live\\\". It speaks of the territories inhabited by Serbs in which he mentions Bosnia, specifically two inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, both of which are in an unidentified geographic position. Austria-Hungary pursued a demographic policy of reducing the Serbian population and trying to erase their identity, converting it to a \\\"Bosnian nationhood\\\", therefore, Austrian population census only had religious affiliation as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277523\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"day that the United States and European Economic Community (EEC) recognised Bosnia and Herzegovina. Misha Glenny gives a date of 22 March, Tom Gallagher gives 2 April, while Mary Kaldor and Laura Silber and Allan Little give 6 April. Philip Hammond, currently the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, claimed that the most common view is that the war started on 6 April 1992. Serbs consider the Sarajevo wedding shooting, when a groom's father was killed on the second day of the Bosnian independence referendum, 1 March 1992, to have been the first victim of the war. The Sijekovac killings of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930333\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Snagovo massacre\",\n \"text\": \"Snagovo massacre The Snagovo massacre refers to the mass killing of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians by Serbs on 29 April 1992 in the village Snagovo, located in the municipality of Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The massacre occurred at the start of the Bosnian War. Snagovo was among the hardest hit villages at the start of the Bosnian War in 1992. Between April and June 1992, Serbs ethnically cleansed the village of its Bosnian Muslim residents. On 29 April 1992, Serbs captured a group of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians who were hiding in the woods in Snagovo and took them to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18733376\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"the 19th century, some Serbs converted to Protestantism, while historically some Serbs were Catholics (especially in Dalmatia; e.g. Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik). The remainder of Serbs remain predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christians. Among the most notable national and ethnic symbols are the flag of Serbia and the coat of arms of Serbia. The flag consists of a red-blue-white tricolour, rooted in Pan-Slavism, and has been used since the 19th century. Apart from being the national flag, it is also used officially in Republika Srpska (by Bosnian Serbs) and as the official ethnic flag of Croatian Serbs. The coat of arms, which\",\n \"psg_id\": \"699159\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"professor Dino Murtić emphasized that exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was massive and planned and that Bosnian president Izetbegović initially demonstrated indifference about it stating that the people of Sarajevo \\\"finally deserved to be free of their murderers\\\". After some time, Izetbegović called Serbs to stay in Sarajevo. Some Serbs exhumated the graves of their ancestors from Sarajevo graveyards to graveyards near their new accommodation. Some authors believed that all involved parties in Bosnia were responsible for the mass exodus of Sarajevo Serbs, including the officials of Republika Srpska. For some authors it was difficult to determine if this exodus was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20468807\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"of Bosnia & Herzegovina, therefore not changing internat district borders of Bosnia. Bosnian Serbs constituted around a half of the total Bosnian population, but they constituted a vast territorial majority and have unilaterally proclaimed union with Serbia, for the second time in modern history, now in 1918. In total, 42 out of 54 municipalities in Bosnia & Herzegovina proclaimed union(annexation to) Serbia, without the approval of „People's Yugoslav“ government in Sarajevo, without even consulting them, in 1918. The regime of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was characterized by limited parliamentarism, and ethnic tensions, mainly between Croats and Serbs. The state of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277504\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Origin hypotheses of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"Serbia in what is now Saxony (eastern Germany) and western Poland). After the Hunnic leader Attila died (in 453), Alanian Serbi presumably became independent and ruled in the east of the river Saale (in modern-day Germany) over the local Slavic population. Over time, they, it is argued, intermarried with the local Slavic population of the region, adopted Slavic language, and transferred their name to the Slavs. According to Tadeuš Sulimirski, similar event could occur in the Balkans or Serbs who settled in the Balkans were Slavs who came from the north and who were ruled by already slavicized Alans. Deformed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5233465\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"nation. At the end of the 19th century, Bosnian Serbs founded various reading, cultural and singing societies, and at the beginning of the 20th century, a new Bosnian Serb intelligentsia played a major role in the political life of Serbs. One of the major Serbian cultural and national organizations was Prosvjeta, \\\"Bosanska Vila\\\" and \\\"Zora\\\", among others. Serbian national organizations were focused on the preservation of Serbian language, history and culture. First Serbian Sokol societies on the present territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were founded in the late 19th century by intellectuals. Stevan Žakula, is remembered as a prominent worker\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277499\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)\",\n \"text\": \"internal unit of the FRY, in which Serbian President Milošević seemed to have more influence on federal politics than the Yugoslav President (the first federal president, Dobrica Ćosić was forced to resign for opposing Milošević). The Milosevic government did not have official territorial claims on the Republic of Macedonia. Others have claimed that Milosevic only advocated self-determination of self-proclaimed Serbs who wished to remain in Yugoslavia. During the Yugoslav Wars in Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, Milošević supported Serb separatists who wished to secede from these newly created states. This support extended to controversial figures such as Bosnian Serb leader\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11388088\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"is 44.40% of total Bosnian population. According to the 1961 census, Serbs made up 42.89% of total population, and their number was 1,406,053. After that, districts were divided into smaller municipalities. According to the 1971 census, Serbs were 37,19% of total population, and their number was 1,393,148. According to the 1981 census, Serbs made up 32,02% of total population, and their number was 1,320,738. After 1981, their percentage continued to reduce. From 1971 to 1991, the percentage of Serbs fell due to emigration into Montenegro, Serbia, and Western Europe. According to the 1991 census, Serbs were 31.21% of the total\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277529\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian mujahideen\",\n \"text\": \"the phenomenon of Wahhabism in Bosnia concluded that despite Bosnian Serb and Serbian media reports of terrorist cells, the risk of a terrorist attack in Bosnia and Herzegovina 'is not higher than in other parts of the world'. Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \\\"mujāhid\\\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11250980\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Operation Tiger (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) was deployed to Croatia to supervise and maintain the agreement. The conflict largely passed on to entrenched positions and the JNA retreated from Croatia into Bosnia and Herzegovina, where a new conflict was anticipated. Serbia continued to support the RSK after the JNA pullout. As the JNA disengaged from Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army; Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992. Between 29 February and 1 March 1992, a referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovinawhich would later be cited as a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17130211\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian genocide denial\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"killing (of) Bosnian-Muslim soldiers\\\" and even that was in response to the \\\"killing of over 2,000 Serb civilians, mostly women and children, at the location by Bosnian-Muslim army\\\", and that the numbers of executed Bosnian-Muslim soldiers \\\"were probably in the order of between 500 and 1,000 (...) (i)n other words, less than half of the number of Serbs civilians killed before July, 1995\\\". For this complete reversal of reality they rely on and cite informations provided by another independent researcher Diana Johnstone, who herself never set foot in Bosnia, without a shadow of a doubt or critical examination into evidence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20120331\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian mujahideen\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \\\"mujāhid\\\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and Croat forces. Mostly they came from North Africa, the Near East and the Middle East. Estimates of their numbers vary from 500–5,000. In the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. War broke out in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11250951\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs were forced to relocate to Serbia proper, Montenegro and Vojvodina. Having lived throughout much of Bosnia-Herzegovina prior to the Bosnian War, the majority now live in the Republika Srpska. According to the report by the Bosnia and Herzegovina statistics office, on the census of 2013 there were 1,086,733 Serbs living in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs settled the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. According to \\\"De Administrando Imperio\\\" (ca. 960), the Serbs had settled what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina. They inhabited and ruled \\\"Serbia\\\", which included \\\"Bosnia\\\" (with two inhabited cities; Kotor and Desnik), and \\\"Rascia\\\", and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277476\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"persons within Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, at 588,000. Serbia took in 252,130 refugees from Bosnia, while other former Yugoslav republics received a total of 148,657 people. In June 1992, the Bosnian Serbs started Operation Vrbas 92 and Operation Corridor 92. The reported deaths of twelve newborn babies in Banja Luka hospital due to a shortage of bottled oxygen for incubators was cited as an immediate cause for the action, but the veracity of these deaths has since been questioned. Borisav Jović, a contemporary high-ranking Serbian official and member of the Yugoslav Presidency, has claimed that the report was just wartime\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930383\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"rupture between the Bosnian government and Serbs'. Bosnia and Herzegovina received international recognition on 6 April 1992. The most common view is that the war started that day. The war in Bosnia escalated in April. On 3 April, the Battle of Kupres began between the JNA and a combined HV-HVO force that ended in a JNA victory. On 6 April Serb forces began shelling Sarajevo, and in the next two days crossed the Drina from Serbia proper and besieged Muslim-majority Zvornik, Višegrad and Foča. All of Bosnia was engulfed in war by mid-April. On 23 April, the JNA evacuated its\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930373\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Republika Srpska (1992–95)\",\n \"text\": \"municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (including regions described as \\\"places in which the Serbian people remained in the minority due to the genocide conducted against them during World War II\\\"), and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. From 29 February to 2 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. The majority of Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serbian people in the Bosnian parliament. On 6 April 1992,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6400385\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Orašje\",\n \"text\": \"of Bosnia and Herzegovina that took place between 29 February and 1 March 1992. This declaration would later be cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March 1992. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the final days of March, Bosnian Serb forces bombarded Bosanski Brod with artillery, resulting in a cross-border operation by the Croatian Army (\\\"Hrvatska vojska\\\" – HV) 108th Brigade. On 4 April 1992, JNA artillery began shelling Sarajevo. There\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18071197\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian Muslim Republic\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnian Muslim Republic A Bosnian Muslim Republic, that is, consolidation of Bosniak-inhabited territories into a Bosniak nation-state, was proposed during the Bosnian War when plans for the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made. It would either be established as one of three ethnic states in a loose confederation, or as an independent \\\"Muslim state\\\" in the area controlled by the Bosnian Army, as proposed by Islamists. Thus, the Bosniak-inhabited territories or Bosnian Army-controlled area (the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) would become a Bosniak state, as Republika Srpska was for the Bosnian Serbs and Herzeg-Bosnia for the Bosnian Croats.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19539778\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. And two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo. During the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, the Bosnian Serbs living in Bosnia held a referendum for independence and in January 1992 they formed the Republic of Srpska, also known as the Serb Republic. The main goal of the newly formed Serb Republic was to unify with Serbia and Montenegro in one state for the Serb ethnic groups. Bosnia did not recognize the referendum held by the Bosnian Serbs, and then between February 29 and March 1 a new referendum took place, for the independence of Bosnia. The\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20962970\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Montenegro\",\n \"text\": \"a recognised minority language along with Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian. Since 2006, both in linguistic and other aspects of cultural life, ethnic Serbs of Montenegro have been exposed to gradual \\\"non-coercive\\\" Montenegrinisation. The Serbs are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the strongest religious institution of Montenegro (with a total of 460,383 followers or 74%). One of the largest places of worship is the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in Podgorica. The future of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro has been threatened by the newly formed Montenegrin Orthodox Church which has claimed Serbian Orthodox churches in Montenegro, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19175870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"ethnic power-sharing on all administrative levels and the devolution of central government to local ethnic communities. However, all Bosnia-Herzegovina's districts would be classified as Bosniak, Serb or Croat under the plan, even where no ethnic majority was evident. In later negotiations, there were compromises about changing district borders. On 3 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina was declared independent following a referendum held days earlier on February 29 and 1 March. On 11 March 1992, the Assembly of the Serb People of Republika Srpska (the self-proclaimed parliament of the Bosnian Serbs) unanimously rejected the original peace plan, putting forth their own\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6771862\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign support in the Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting the Bosnian Muslims were Al-Qaeda (including Bosnian branch), Harkat ul-Ansar, Refah Party, Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, and others. Among foreign non-profit organizations and charitable trusts were the Saudi Benevolence International Foundation (Al-Qaeda) and al-Haramain Foundation (Al-Qaeda-associated), the Turkish IHH, and others. The Third World Relief Agency (TWRA) based in Vienna was the \\\"main financier and mediator\\\" in the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20384516\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian War\",\n \"text\": \"in relation to the former, or any other, Yugoslavia\\\". Jović's memoirs show that Milošević had on 5 December 1991 ordered for the JNA troops in BiH to be reorganised, its non-Bosnian personnel to be withdrawn, in case recognition would result in the perceival of the JNA as a foreign force; left would be Bosnian Serbs to form the nucleus of a Bosnian Serb army. Accordingly, by the end of the month the JNA in BiH had only 10–15% from outside the republic. Silber and Little note that Milošević secretly ordered all Bosnian-born JNA soldiers to be transferred to BiH. Jović's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"2930351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Maniacs\",\n \"text\": \"and other cities across Yugoslavia. After the breakeup of Yugoslavia and when Bosnian War start, Grbavica a quarter of the city of Sarajevo where Grbavica Stadium is located was on front lines of battle between Bosnian army and Bosnian Serbs forces. Many members of \\\"The Maniacs\\\" joined Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Zelene beretke. One of them was Dževad Begić-Đilda. He was one of the founders and leader of The Maniacs. Dževad Begić was killed 1992 by sniper shot when he was trying to save wounded civilians. The most important day of every \\\"Maniac\\\" is 2\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16208960\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Museum of Serbs of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Museum of Serbs of Croatia Museum of Serbs of Croatia (, ) was a public museum in Zagreb, which was specialized in history of Serbs of Croatia. Museum existed from 1946 till 1963 when it became part of Croatian History Museum. Today, part of the material is kept in Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana, part in Prosvjeta, some in Museum of Croatian History and part of them were destroyed in mining of Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana on 11 April 1992 during War in Croatia. In 2009, on 65 anniversary of Prosvjeta, organization has launched an\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17263151\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Montenegro\",\n \"text\": \"a Montenegrin because I am a Serb, but a Serb because I am a Montenegrin. We Montenegrins are the salt of the Serbs. All the strength of the Serbs is not here [in Montenegro] but their soul is.\\\" Djilas also has said \\\"The Montenegrins are, despite provincial and historical differences, quintessentially Serbs, and Montenegro the cradle of Serbian myths and of aspirations for the unification of Serbs.\\\". After the secession of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in 1991 and 1992, SR Montenegro held the Montenegrin referendum in 1992 which ended with a 95.96% of votes in favour for\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19175863\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian Australians\",\n \"text\": \"Bosnian Australians Bosnian Australians are Australian citizens of Bosnian ancestry or Bosnia and Herzegovina-born people who reside in Australia. According to the 2011 Australian census 39,440 Australians were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The vast majority of Bosnian migrants began arriving in Australia during and after the Bosnian War which took place between April 1992 and December 1995. There were smaller waves after World War II and again in the 1960s and 1970s. Bosnian migrants who arrived in Australia in the 1960s made important contributions to modern-day Australia through their role in the construction of the Snowy Mountains Scheme in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9272057\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"and Lazar Hrebeljanović holding today's Central Serbia and a portion of Kosovo. Hrebeljanović was subsequently accepted as the titular leader of the Serbs because he was married to a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. In 1389, the Serbs faced the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo on the plain of Kosovo Polje, near the town of Pristina. Both Lazar and Sultan Murad I were killed in the fighting. The battle most likely ended in a stalemate, and Serbia did not fall to the Turks until 1459. There exists 30 Serbian chronicles from the period between 1390 and 1526. The Serbs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6516513\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian Americans\",\n \"text\": \"remained an important center for Bosnian Muslim religious activity, serving Bosnians and non-Bosnian Muslims in the Chicago metropolitan area. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 brought the largest influx of Bosnians to St Louis, which became the most popular United States destination for Bosnian refugees. It is estimated that 40,000 refugees moved to the St. Louis area in the 1990s and early 2000s, bringing the total St. Louis Bosnian population to some 70,000. In Chicago, the Bosnian community has largely settled in the northern part of the city, between Lawrence and Howard, from Clark to Lake\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9701124\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian nationalism\",\n \"text\": \"\\\"Islamic Declaration\\\" that called for an Islamic renewal amongst Bosniaks, Izetbegović was arrested by Yugoslav state authorities in 1983 on allegations that he was promoting a purely Muslim Bosnia, and served five years in prison. In 1990, Izetbegović and others founded the Party of Democratic Action, that became the main Bosniak party in the Bosnian parliament. The eruption of the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995 strengthened Bosnian Muslim identity. In 1993, \\\"Bosniak\\\" was officially revived as the ethnic or national designation to replace \\\"Muslim by nationality\\\" employed by the Yugoslav authorities. Bosnian nationalism Bosnian nationalism or Bosniandom ( /\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12003492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs in Hungary\",\n \"text\": \"Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. About two-thirds of the Serbs (called \\\"optants\\\") left Hungary in the following decade. Almost the whole Serb population of Sárok, Deszk, Újszentiván, Szőreg, Majs and Dunaszekcső became optants. In 1910, 26,248 people in the territory of present-day Hungary spoke Serbian language. In 1920, number of Serbian speakers was 17,132, in 1930 7,031, in 1941 5,442, in 1970 11,177, in 1980 3,426, in 1990 2,953, 2001 3,388 and in 2011 3,708(compared with 7,210 declared Serbs in the same year). Small Serb communities are scattered in the southern part of the country. There are also some Serbs who\",\n \"psg_id\": \"8496611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina\",\n \"text\": \"labor, jizya, harsh taxation and slavery. Although their percentage in the overall population decreased, Orthodox Serbs managed to stay a relative majority in their land, and constitute a territorial majority within the territory of contemporary Bosnia, as Orthodox Serbs were traditionally a rural population within Bosnia, while Muslims were more often an urban populace, due to their services as city guards and traders. Bosnian Serbs often rebelled against Ottoman rule. The Serb Uprising of 1596–97 was suppressed at Gacko. It was a part of a broader Serb struggle against the Ottomans, in support of Austria and Venice. In 1809, Jančić's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5277492\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia\",\n \"text\": \"support for the development of the Republic of Macedonia as a multiethnic, free-market orientated democracy. It has traditional base of members and supporters in the regions of Skopska Crna Gora inhabited by Serbs, among Serbs in the cities of Skopje and Kumanovo and among other minor communities of Serbs in other areas of the Republic of Macedonia. From the inception of political pluralism in the Republic of Macedonia, it is by far the most representative political option for Serbs in this state and since the 2001 change of party leadership, its preferred political partner is VMRO-DPMNE, current leader of parliamentary\",\n \"psg_id\": \"5240611\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Christophe Caze\",\n \"text\": \"Christophe Caze Christophe Caze (22 October 1969–29 March 1996) was a French terrorist and criminal, a former medical student in Lille, France. Caze was one of France's foremost terrorists. Caze was raised Catholic. A medical student, he travelled to Bosnia in 1992 to practice medicine, working at the Zenica hospital. He converted into Islam and joined the Bosnian mujahideen in the Bosnian War, a unit that fought Jihad against Serbs. He became an extremist, and is reported to have played football with heads of decapitated Serbs. Abu Hamza al-Masri, who was a Bosnian mujahideen, was the religious guide of Christophe\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6092935\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia\",\n \"text\": \"Jasenovac, marching women and children to death, and shooting most of the remaining male inmates, then torched buildings and documents before fleeing. The Ustashe viewed religion and nationality as closely linked; while Roman Catholicism and Islam (Bosnian Muslims were viewed as Croats) were recognized as Croatian national religions, Eastern Orthodoxy was deemed inherently incompatible with the Croatian state project. They saw Orthodoxy as hostile because it was identified as Serb. On 3 May 1941 a law was passed on religious conversions, pressuring Serbs to convert to Catholicism and thereby adopt Croat identity. This was made on the eve of Pavelić's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"9043405\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Swedish Serbs\",\n \"text\": \"particular skills were deficient within Sweden, as migrant workers (called \\\"Arbetskraftsinvandring\\\", see \\\"gastarbeiter\\\"). During the 1960s and 1970s, agreements were signed with the government of Yugoslavia to help Sweden overcome its severe labour shortage. Bosnian and Croatian Serbs migrated in another wave during and after the Yugoslav wars. Another wave of Kosovo Serbs came during the Kosovo war in 1999. The Swedish census data includes country of birth, but does not include ethnicity, descendants or naturalized people, thus, the total number of ethnic Serbs in Sweden is hard to define. Various estimations include: 80,000; 110,000; 120,000; and 140,000. Aco Dragićević,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12195717\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Bosnian genocide\",\n \"text\": \"overturned by the appeals chamber, which narrowed the crime of genocide only to Srebrenica. On 16 June 2004, in \\\"Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević: Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal\\\", the ICTY Trial Chamber refused to acquit former Serbian president Slobodan Milošević on the same grounds, and ruled: On 26 February 2007, however, in the Bosnian genocide case, the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ) found that there was no evidence linking Serbia under the rule of Milošević to genocide committed by Bosnian Serbs in the Bosnian War. However, the court did find that Milošević and others in Serbia\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4551997\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Battle of Kupres (1994)\",\n \"text\": \"and villages were intermittently attacked by artillery, or missiles. As the JNA disengaged in Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army, as Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina—which would later be cited as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs set up barricades in the capital, Sarajevo and elsewhere on 1 March, and the next day the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17094072\"\n }\n]"},"answers":{"kind":"list like","value":["dragan david dabić","radovan karadzik","dragan david dabic","радован караџић","radovan karadzic","dr dragan david dabic","radovan karadzic","dr dragan david dabić","petar glumac","dragan dabic","dr. dragan david dabic","dragan dabić","radovan karadžic","radovan karadic","dr. dragan david dabić","radovan karadjic","radovan karadžić","radovan karadžić","dragan davic"],"string":"[\n \"dragan david dabić\",\n \"radovan karadzik\",\n \"dragan david dabic\",\n \"радован караџић\",\n \"radovan karadzic\",\n \"dr dragan david dabic\",\n \"radovan karadzic\",\n \"dr dragan david dabić\",\n \"petar glumac\",\n \"dragan dabic\",\n \"dr. dragan david dabic\",\n \"dragan dabić\",\n \"radovan karadžic\",\n \"radovan karadic\",\n \"dr. dragan david dabić\",\n \"radovan karadjic\",\n \"radovan karadžić\",\n \"radovan karadžić\",\n \"dragan davic\"\n]"}}},{"rowIdx":599,"cells":{"question":{"kind":"string","value":"who was deputy commander of the 1983 us invasion of grenada?"},"positive_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"that held 100 bodies of islanders who had been killed by communist forces. Major General Norman Schwarzkopf, deputy commander of the invasion force, said that 160 Grenadian soldiers and 71 Cubans had been killed during the invasion; the Pentagon had given a much lower count of 59 Cuban and Grenadian deaths. Ronald H. Cole's report for the Joint Chiefs of Staff showed an even lower count. Also of concern were the problems that the invasion showed with the military. There was a lack of intelligence about Grenada, which exacerbated the difficulties faced by the quickly assembled invasion force. For example,","psg_id":"1392056"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"that held 100 bodies of islanders who had been killed by communist forces. Major General Norman Schwarzkopf, deputy commander of the invasion force, said that 160 Grenadian soldiers and 71 Cubans had been killed during the invasion; the Pentagon had given a much lower count of 59 Cuban and Grenadian deaths. Ronald H. Cole's report for the Joint Chiefs of Staff showed an even lower count. Also of concern were the problems that the invasion showed with the military. There was a lack of intelligence about Grenada, which exacerbated the difficulties faced by the quickly assembled invasion force. For example,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392056\"\n }\n]"},"negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[],"string":"[]"},"hard_negative_ctxs":{"kind":"list like","value":[{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"had not been made public. Scoon was well within his rights to take this action under the reserve powers vested in the Crown. On Saturday 22 October 1983, the Deputy High Commissioner in Bridgetown, Barbados visited Grenada and reported that Sir Paul Scoon was well and \"did not request military intervention, either directly or indirectly\". However, in his book, \"Survival for Service\", Scoon confirmed that he had invited the United States and Caribbean nations to intervene militarily, before the invasion. On 25 October, Grenada was invaded by the combined forces of the United States and the Regional Security System (RSS)","psg_id":"1392020"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"for Democracy\" parodies the invasion using a fictitious British Commonwealth country called St George's Island located in the Indian Ocean and under threat of Communist invasion and American counter-invasion. United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted","psg_id":"1392066"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted in the house arrest and the execution of the previous leader and second Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop, and the establishment of a preliminary government, the Revolutionary Military","psg_id":"1392006"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"U.S. also destroyed a significant amount of Grenada's military hardware, including six APCs and an armored car. A second armored car was impounded and later shipped back to Marine Corps Base Quantico for inspection. The US government defended its invasion of Grenada as an action to protect American citizens, including medical students, living on the island. \"Action was necessary to resolve what Article 28 of...[the charter of the Organization of American States (O.A.S.)] refers to as a 'situation that might endanger the peace,'\" said US Deputy Secretary of State Kenneth W. Dam, adding that \"Both the O.A.S. Charter, in articles","psg_id":"1392045"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"invasion. The 1990 film \"Die Hard 2\" mentioned Grenada when a unit of soldiers talked among themselves about the invasion. The 1994 film \"Natural Born Killers\" mentioned Grenada when one of the main characters claimed he witnessed the invasion. In the 2013 movie \"The Wolf of Wall Street\", the invasion of Grenada is used as a metaphor for a court case that is impossible to lose. In 2012 and 2014 \"Saturday Night Live\" sketches where Bill Hader attends a puppet class and uses his puppet to tell his grim stories of the invasion. The \"Yes Prime Minister\" episode \"A Victory","psg_id":"1392065"},{"title":"Defence force of Grenada","text":"Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New","psg_id":"20685450"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"with an annual memorial ceremony. In 2008, the Government of Grenada announced a move to build a monument to honour the Cubans killed during the invasion. At the time of the announcement the Cuban and Grenadian governments are still seeking to identify a suitable site for the monument. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, COMSECONDFLT, became Commander, Joint Task Force 120 (CJTF 120), and commanded units from the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard from the flag spaces aboard the MARG flagship, USS Guam. CJTF 120 was supported by Rear Admiral Richard E. Berry (COMCRUDESGRU Eight) (Commander Task Group","psg_id":"1392062"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"vetoed by the United States. A month after the invasion, \"Time\" magazine described it as having \"broad popular support.\" A congressional study group concluded that the invasion had been justified, as most members felt that U.S. students at the university near a contested runway could have been taken hostage as U.S. diplomats in Iran had been four years previously. The group's report caused House Speaker Tip O'Neill to change his position on the issue from opposition to support. In the evening of 25 October 1983 by telephone, on the newscast \"Nightline\", anchor Ted Koppel spoke to medical students on Grenada","psg_id":"1392048"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"at 05:00 on 25 October 1983. U.S. forces refuelled and departed from the Grantley Adams International Airport on the nearby Caribbean island of Barbados before daybreak en route to Grenada. It was the first major operation conducted by the U.S. military since the Vietnam War. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, Commander Second Fleet, was the overall commander of U.S. forces, designated Joint Task Force 120, which included elements of each military service and multiple special operations units. Fighting continued for several days and the total number of U.S. troops reached some 7,000 along with 300 troops from the Organization of","psg_id":"1392022"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"due to differences in charts and location coordinates, data, and methods of calling for fire support. Communications between services were also noted as not being compatible and hindered the coordination of operations. The landing strip was drawn by hand on the map given to some members of the invasion force. Conservative US leaders, and Ronald Reagan in particular, had long complained about the \"Vietnam Syndrome,\" the aversion on the part of the American people to U.S. military operations following the Vietnam War. The Reagan administration hoped that the perceived success of the invasion of Grenada would help dispel the Vietnam","psg_id":"1392058"},{"title":"Grenada–Soviet Union relations","text":"Grenada–Soviet Union relations Grenada-Soviet relations refers to the relations between Grenada, and the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations between Grenada and the Soviet Union were severed in November 1983 by the Governor General of Grenada. Eventually in 2002, Grenada re-established diplomatic relations with the newly formed Russian Federation. During the New Jewel Movement, the Soviet Union tried to make the island of Grenada to function as a Soviet base, and also by getting supplies from Cuba. On October 1983, during the U.S. invasion of Grenada, U.S. President Ronald Reagan maintained that US Marines arrived on the island of Grenada, which was","psg_id":"12278749"},{"title":"Defence force of Grenada","text":"seaport security and fire services. With 15 police stations and 900 staff members, the force responds to over 15,000 crimes and incidents per year. The Royal Grenada Police Force also has a paramilitary force for national defense. Official Defense is the responsibility of the Regional Security System . Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National","psg_id":"20685455"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"flights, and that evidence indicated that the airport was to become a Cuban-Soviet forward military airbase. On 29 May 2009 the Point Salines International Airport was officially renamed the Maurice Bishop International Airport, in honour of the slain pre-coup leader Maurice Bishop by the Government of Grenada. On 16 October 1983, a party faction led by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard seized power. Bishop was placed under house arrest. Mass protests against the action led to Bishop's escaping detention and reasserting his authority as the head of the government. Bishop was eventually captured and murdered, along with his pregnant partner,","psg_id":"1392018"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"than 5,000 medals to its soldiers for merit and valor. The date of the invasion is now a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, which commemorates the freeing, after the invasion, of several political prisoners who were subsequently elected to office. A truth and reconciliation commission was launched in 2000 to re-examine some of the controversies of the era; in particular, the commission made an unsuccessful attempt to find Bishop's body, which had been disposed of at Hudson Austin's order, and never found. For the U.S., the invasion also highlighted issues with communication and coordination between the different branches","psg_id":"1392012"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"to Grenada in 1984. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Braithwaite was appointed Prime Minister of an interim administration by the Governor General Sir Paul Scoon until elections could be organized. On 28 October 1984, the new Point Salines International Airport was opened, which enabled Grenada to receive large commercial jets for the first time. The first democratic elections since 1976 were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize who won 14 out of 15 seats in elections and served as Prime Minister until his death in December","psg_id":"155345"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"that would have been necessary to remove US citizens. The UN Charter prohibits the use of force by member states except in cases of self defense or when specifically authorized by the UN Security Council. The UN Security Council had not even considered the matter, let alone authorized invasion. Similarly, the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of 108 to 9 (with 27 abstentions) adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law.\" A similar resolution in the United Nations Security Council received widespread support but was","psg_id":"1392047"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"arrested after the invasion on charges related to the murder of Maurice Bishop and seven others. The eighteen included the top political leadership of Grenada at the time of the execution as well as the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions. Fourteen were sentenced to death, one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to 45 years in prison. The death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment. Those in prison have become known as the Grenada 17. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Brathwaite","psg_id":"11916887"},{"title":"Grenada 17","text":"stating that their arrest and trial had been a miscarriage of justice. Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence","psg_id":"10653815"},{"title":"Grenada 17","text":"Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence led to Bishop being freed. Bishop then went with a large group","psg_id":"10653809"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Grenada in 1983, later stated that he issued weapons and ammunition to many of the construction workers for the purpose of self-defense. According to journalist Bob Woodward in his book \"Veil\", captured \"military advisors\" from socialist countries were actually accredited diplomats and their dependents. None, Woodward claimed, took any actual part in the fighting. Other historians have asserted that most of the supposed civil technicians on Grenada were Cuban special forces and combat engineers. Cuban nationals were expressly forbidden to surrender to U.S. forces. U.S. Special Operations Forces were deployed to Grenada beginning on 23 October, before the 25 October","psg_id":"1392026"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"of United States threats, that the invasion violated international law, and that no small nation not to the liking of the United States would find itself safe if the aggression against Grenada were not rebuffed. The governments of some countries stated that the United States intervention was a return to the era of barbarism. The governments of other countries said the United States by its invasion had violated several treaties and conventions to which it was a party. A similar resolution was discussed in the United Nations Security Council and although receiving widespread support it was ultimately vetoed by the","psg_id":"1392051"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"and attempted to resume power, but he was captured and executed by soldiers. On 25 October 1983, forces from the United States and the Barbados-based Regional Security System (RSS) invaded Grenada in a U.S.-led operation code-named \"Operation Urgent Fury\". The invasion was highly criticised by the governments of Britain, Trinidad and Tobago and Canada, along with the United Nations General Assembly. Elections were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize, who served as Prime Minister until his death in December 1989. The origin of the name \"Grenada\" is obscure, but it is","psg_id":"11916871"},{"title":"Task Force 20","text":"the core of Task Group 20.5, the carrier task group that would support the Invasion of Grenada. On 25 October 1983, aircraft from Independence's embarked air wing flew missions supporting the invasion. The post of Commander, Task Force 20, which was an additional post for the fleet's commander during the fleet's existence, has been maintained as a three-star vice admiral's position who also concurrently serves as the deputy commander of Fleet & Joint Operations, the deputy commander of U.S. Fleet Forces Command and the director of Combined Joint Operations From The Sea, Centre of Excellence. Task Force 20 was commanded","psg_id":"4660931"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"United States. President of the United States Ronald Reagan, when asked if he was concerned by the lopsided 108–9 vote in the UN General Assembly, said, \"it didn't upset my breakfast at all.\" Grenada is part of the Commonwealth of Nations and, following the invasion, it requested help from other Commonwealth members. The intervention was opposed by Commonwealth members including the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, and Canada, among others. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a close ally of Reagan on other matters, personally opposed the U.S. invasion. Reagan told her it might happen; she did not know for sure","psg_id":"1392052"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"powers of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and created the concept of a truly unified joint U.S. forces (i.e., Army, Air Force, Marines, and Naval forces organized under one command). One of the first reorganizations resulting from both the Department of Defense analysis and the legislation was the formation of the U.S. Special Operations Command in 1987. October 25 is a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, to commemorate the invasion. St. George's University (SGU) built a monument on its True Blue Campus to memorialize the U.S. servicemen killed during the invasion, and marks the day","psg_id":"1392061"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"SEALs, and ancillary forces totaling 7,600 U.S.troops, together with Jamaican forces, and troops of the Regional Security System (RSS). USAF Pararescue and TACP personnel from the 21St Tass, Shaw AFB were attached to various other Special Operations Units during the Grenada conflict. The invasion force defeated Grenadian resistance after a low-altitude airborne assault by Rangers on Point Salines Airport at the south end of the island, and a Marine helicopter and amphibious landing on the north end at Pearls Airport. The military government of Hudson Austin was deposed and replaced by a government appointed by Governor-General Paul Scoon. The invasion","psg_id":"1392010"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"it was coming until three hours before. At 12:30 on the morning of the invasion, Thatcher sent a message to Reagan: Reagan told Thatcher before anyone else that the invasion would begin in a few hours, but ignored her complaints. She publicly supported the U.S. action. Reagan phoned to apologize for the miscommunication, and the long-term friendly relationship endured. Following the U.S. victory, the American and Caribbean governments quickly reaffirmed Scoon as Queen Elizabeth II's sole legitimate representative in Grenada—and hence, the only lawful authority on the island. In accordance with Commonwealth constitutional practice, Scoon assumed power as interim head","psg_id":"1392053"},{"title":"Deputy Commander (horse)","text":"Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by trainer Wallace Dollase. A late developer, Deputy Commander never made it to the 1997 Kentucky","psg_id":"10284160"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"north end (5,200 feet) and could not be expanded because its runway abutted a mountain at one end and the ocean at the other. In 1983, then-member of the United States House of Representatives Ron Dellums (D, California), traveled to Grenada on a fact-finding mission, having been invited by the country's prime minister. Dellums described his findings before Congress: ... based on my personal observations, discussion and analysis of the new international airport under construction in Grenada, it is my conclusion that this project is specifically now and has always been for the purpose of economic development and is not","psg_id":"1392016"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"29 May 2009, the 65th anniversary of his birth. Hundreds of Grenadians turned out to commemorate the event. Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada, gave the keynote speech and referred to the renaming as an act of the Grenadian people coming home to themselves. He also hoped that it would help bring closure to a chapter of denial in Grenada's history. The invasion showed problems with the U.S. government's \"information apparatus,\" which \"Time\" described as still being in \"some disarray\" three weeks after the invasion. For example, the U.S. State Department falsely claimed that a mass grave had been discovered","psg_id":"1392055"},{"title":"Grenada–United States relations","text":"Grenada–United States relations Grenada – United States relations are bilateral relations between Grenada and the United States. The United States recognized Grenada on the 7 February 1974, as the same day as Grenada got independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These nations formally established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1974. In October 1983, the United States led an invasion of Grenada, code named Urgent Fury, after the overthrow and murder of the leader of Grenada, Maurice Bishop, by the Bernard Coard. The U.S. Government established an embassy in Grenada in November 1983. The U.S. Ambassador","psg_id":"11632601"},{"title":"Deputy Commander (horse)","text":"to a decline in his physiological and neurological health, he was euthanized October 7, 2009. Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by","psg_id":"10284162"},{"title":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)","text":"Deputy Commander Land Forces Deputy Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division","psg_id":"13837276"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Council with Hudson Austin as Chairman. The invasion resulted in the appointment of an interim government, followed by democratic elections in 1984. The country has remained a democratic nation since then. Grenada gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. The Marxist-Leninist New Jewel Movement seized power in a coup in 1979 under Maurice Bishop, suspending the constitution and detaining a number of political prisoners. Among Bishop's core principles were workers' rights, women's rights, and the struggle against racism and Apartheid. Under Bishop's leadership, the National Women’s Organization was formed which participated in policy decisions along with other social groups.","psg_id":"1392007"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Revolutionary Government. The last major special operation was a mission to rescue and evacuate Governor General Paul Scoon from his mansion in Saint George, Grenada. The mission departed late at 05:30 on 25 October from Barbados, resulting in the Grenadian forces being already aware of the U.S. invasion. They closely guarded Governor Scoon. Although the SEAL team's entry into the mansion went unopposed, a counterattack led by BTR-60 armored personnel carriers trapped the SEALs and the governor inside. AC-130 gunships, A-7 Corsair strike planes, and AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters were called in to support the besieged SEALs, but the SEALs","psg_id":"1392035"},{"title":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)","text":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division and 3rd Mechanised Division), HQ 6th Division, Theatre","psg_id":"13837274"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"22 and 28, and the U.N. Charter, in Article 52, recognize the competence of regional security bodies in ensuring regional peace and stability.\" Dam was referring the decision by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to approve the invasion. However, scholars of international law have concluded that the invasion constituted neither justifiable self-defense (because there was no credible imminent threat to the US), nor humanitarian intervention or rescue (because there was no credible immediate danger to US citizens), and, in any case, the US invasion far exceeded in the scope and magnitude of force used and in duration any action","psg_id":"1392046"},{"title":"1983 United States Senate bombing","text":"the United States military invaded the socialist island nation of Grenada, and replaced the socialist government with the previous government under Governor-General Paul Scoon and Chairman of the Interim Advisory Council Nicholas Brathwaite, the country having been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. At the time, the invasion was supported by 64% of the US population. However, members of the left wing militant group, the Resistance Conspiracy, were perturbed. The invasion of Grenada, coupled with the October 1983 bombing of a United States Marines barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, prompted the beginnings of a plan for the left-wing militants to","psg_id":"6085147"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"as a part of the \"Commander Keen Complete Pack\". According to Steam Spy, as of 2017 over 200,000 copies are registered through Steam. Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities","psg_id":"19569785"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Women were given equal pay and paid maternity leave, and sex discrimination was made illegal. Organisations for education (Center for Popular Education), health care, and youth affairs (National Youth Organization) were also established. In 1983, an internal power struggle began over Bishop's relatively moderate foreign policy approach, and on 19 October, hard-line military junta elements captured and executed Bishop and his partner Jacqueline Creft, along with three cabinet ministers and two union leaders. Subsequently, following appeals by the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and the Governor-General of Grenada, Paul Scoon, the Reagan Administration in the U.S. quickly decided to launch","psg_id":"1392008"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities of Mars, prevents a recently arrived alien mothership from destroying landmarks on Earth, and hunts down the leader of the aliens, the Grand","psg_id":"19569748"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"Slavery was abolished in the 1830s. In 1885, the island became the capital of the British Windward Islands. Grenada achieved independence from Britain in 1974. Following a coup by the Marxist New Jewel Movement in 1983, the island was invaded by United States troops and the government overthrown. The island's major crop, nutmeg, was significantly damaged by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. About 2 million years ago, Grenada was formed as an underwater volcano. Before the arrival of Europeans, Grenada was inhabited by Arawaks and, subsequently, Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the new world.","psg_id":"155323"},{"title":"People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)","text":"being ousted by the U.S. invasion of Grenada. People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) The People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) was proclaimed on 13 March 1979 after the New Jewel Movement overthrew the government of Grenada in a revolution. The government suspended the constitution and ruled by decree until a factional conflict broke out, culminating in a United States military intervention on 25 October 1983. The New Jewel Movement (NJM) under the leadership of Maurice Bishop was the main opposition party in Grenada during the 1970s. In 1979, the NJM overthrew the government of Eric Gairy, which had ruled the country since independence","psg_id":"6827126"},{"title":"History of Jamaica","text":"next year and was one of the architects of the Caribbean Basin Initiative, which was sponsored by Reagan. He delayed his promise to cut diplomatic relations with Cuba until a year later when he accused the Cuban government of giving asylum to Jamaican criminals. Seaga supported the collapse of the Marxist regime in Grenada and the subsequent US-led invasion of that island in October 1983. On the back of the Grenada invasion, Seaga called snap elections at the end of 1983, which Manley's PNP boycotted. His party thus controlled all seats in parliament. In an unusual move, because the Jamaican","psg_id":"212893"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"of the United States military when operating together as a joint force, contributing to investigations and sweeping changes in the form of the Goldwater-Nichols Act and other reorganizations. Sir Eric Gairy had led Grenada to independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. His term in office coincided with civil strife in Grenada. The political environment was highly charged and although Gairy—head of the Grenada United Labour Party—claimed victory in the general election of 1976, the opposition did not accept the result as legitimate. The civil strife took the form of street violence between Gairy's private army, the Mongoose Gang, and","psg_id":"1392013"},{"title":"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom","text":"Ronald Reagan, based on their shared distrust of Communism. A more serious disagreement came in 1983 when Reagan did not consult with her on the invasion of Grenada. During her first year as Prime Minister she supported NATO's decision to deploy US nuclear cruise and Pershing II missiles in Western Europe and permitted the US to station more than 160 cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common, starting on 14 November 1983. That decision triggered mass protests by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. She bought the Trident nuclear missile submarine system from the US to replace Polaris, tripling the UK's nuclear","psg_id":"19682351"},{"title":"Grenada–North Korea relations","text":"assistance to the People’s Revolutionary Government of Grenada. The agreement was in return for weapons and ammunitions that were worth US$12 million. During the United States invasion of Grenada, North Korea sent 24 troops to fight against the United States and the Caribbean Peace Force troops. Grenada–North Korea relations Grenada–North Korea relations () were formally formal diplomatic relations between the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea established full diplomatic relations on Wednesday 9 May 1979. The two countries' diplomatic relationship ended","psg_id":"16614973"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"which provided partial funding, all claimed the airstrip did not have military capabilities. Reagan was worried that Cubaunder the direction of the Soviet Unionwould use Grenada as a refuelling stop for Cuban and Soviet aeroplanes loaded with weapons destined for Central American communist insurgents. On October 25, 1983, combined forces from the United States and from the Regional Security System (RSS) based in Barbados invaded Grenada in an operation codenamed \"Operation Urgent Fury\". The US stated this was done at the behest of Prime Minister Eugenia Charles of Dominica. While the Governor-General of Grenada, Sir Paul Scoon, later stated that","psg_id":"11916885"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"work on \"Commander Keen in the Invasion of the Vorticons\". The Ideas from the Deep team, who referred to themselves as the \"IFD guys\", could not afford to leave their jobs to work on the game full-time, so they continued to work at Softdisk making \"Gamer's Edge\" games during the day while working on \"Commander Keen\" at night. They also continued to take home their work computers to Carmack's house on the weekends, putting them in their cars at night and bringing them back in the morning before anyone else arrived; they even began to request upgrades to the computers","psg_id":"19569769"},{"title":"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)","text":"Troops, Joint Helicopter Command, and Training Support under him. The post of Commander Field Army ceased to exist from 1 November 2011 following a major army command reorganisation. The post of Deputy Commander Land Forces was recreated again in January 2012. Recent Commanders have been:
Deputy Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces Commander UK Field Army Deputy Commander-in-Chief Land Command Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Land Forces In 2011 a two-star appointment was created for the officer commanding the Territorial Army; this officer has inherited the above designation. Recent Commanders for the Territorial Army/Army Reserves have been: Deputy Commander Land Forces (Reserves)","psg_id":"13837275"},{"title":"Deputy Commander (horse)","text":"Derby. However, by autumn he had matured into a powerful colt who won the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby before running second to Skip Away in the 1997 Breeders' Cup Classic at Hollywood Park Racetrack. After being retired from racing, Deputy Commander stood at stud in Kentucky at Stonerside Stable and Airdrie Stud, and in 2007 stood at stud at Ballena Vista Farm in Ramona, California. Among his progeny are Grab Your Heart and Deputy Glitters as well as Ten Most Wanted, who followed in his sire's footsteps by winning both the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby. Due","psg_id":"10284161"},{"title":"Edward Trobaugh","text":"the 82nd Airborne Division from 24 June 1983 to 19 June 1985 and during this time led the division in the US invasion of Grenada. During the operation the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General John Vessey, reportedly called MG Trobaugh and said “We have two companies of Marines running all over the island and thousands of Army troops doing nothing. What the hell is going on?” His final assignment was as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Trobaugh retired from active service in 1987. After retiring from the U.S. Army in 1987, he returned to Kokomo Indiana. Edward Trobaugh","psg_id":"20558203"},{"title":"Foreign relations of Grenada","text":"System (RSS). Grenada has been an independent Commonwealth realm since 1974. Even under the People's Revolutionary Government, Grenada was never declared a republic, but remained a Commonwealth realm, albeit, under the dictatorship of the New Jewel Movement's leader, Maurice Bishop. Small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for cannabis and cocaine to the US. Foreign relations of Grenada The United States, Venezuela, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China have embassies in Grenada. Grenada has been recognized by most members of the United Nations and maintains diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Canada. Grenada is a","psg_id":"155388"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974. Independence was granted on 7 February 1974, under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who became the first Prime Minister of Grenada. In March 1979, the Marxist–Leninist New Jewel Movement overthrew Gairy's government in a coup d'état and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as Prime Minister. On 19 October 1983, hard-line Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice Bishop and placed Bishop under house arrest. Bishop was later freed by popular demonstration","psg_id":"11916870"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"of government, and formed an advisory council which named Nicholas Brathwaite as chairman pending new elections. Elections held in December 1984 were won by the Grenada National Party and a government was formed led by Prime Minister Herbert Blaize. U.S. forces remained in Grenada after combat operations finished in December as part of Operation Island Breeze. Elements remaining, including military police, special forces, and a specialized intelligence detachment, performed security missions and assisted members of the Caribbean Peacekeeping Force and the Royal Grenadian Police Force. The Point Salines International Airport was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop on","psg_id":"1392054"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"gangs organized by the New Jewel Movement (NJM). In the late 1970s the NJM began planning to overthrow the government. Party members began to receive military training outside of Grenada. On 13 March 1979, while Gairy was out of the country, the NJM—led by Maurice Bishop—launched an armed revolution and overthrew the government, establishing the People's Revolutionary Government. The Bishop government began constructing the Point Salines International Airport with the help of Britain, Cuba, Libya, Algeria, and other nations. The airport had been first proposed by the British government in 1954, when Grenada was still a British colony. It had","psg_id":"1392014"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"who stated that they were safe and did not feel their lives were in danger. The next evening, again by telephone, medical students told Koppel how grateful they were for the invasion and the Army Rangers, which probably saved their lives. State Department officials had assured the medical students that they would be able to complete their medical school education in the United States. On 2 November 1983 by a vote of 108 in favour to 9 voting against (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, El Salvador, Israel, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States), with","psg_id":"1392049"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"27 abstentions, the United Nations General Assembly adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law and of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of that State.\" It went on to deplore \"the death of innocent civilians\" the \"killing of the prime Minister and other prominent Grenadians\" and called for an \"immediate cessation of the armed intervention\" and demanded \"that free elections be organized\". This was the first military rollback of a Communist nation. The Soviet Union said that Grenada had for a long time been the object","psg_id":"1392050"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"game, \"Commander Keen\", was developed for the Game Boy Color in 2001 by David A. Palmer Productions in association with id Software, and published by Activision. The original trilogy has been released as part of several collections since its first release: the \"id Anthology\" compilation in 1996, a compilation release by Apogee in 1998 of \"Invasion of the Vorticons\" and \"Goodbye, Galaxy\", a similar compilation in 2001 by 3D Realms titled \"Commander Keen Combo CD\", and the \"3D Realms Anthology\" in 2014. They have also been released for modern computers through a DOS emulator, and sold through Steam since 2007","psg_id":"19569784"},{"title":"Kenneth Bowra","text":"Kenneth Bowra Kenneth Bowra is a retired major general who served in the US Army from 1970 to 2003. Bowra saw service with US special forces in the Vietnam War and Cambodian Civil War and has worked with the Central Intelligence Agency and Joint Special Operations Command. He later fought in the US Invasion of Grenada and in the Somali Civil War and First Gulf War. In 1998 he was given command of the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School and in 2000 was deputy commander of NATO's Kosovo Force. Retiring in 2003 he is now a diplomat","psg_id":"17126732"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"success; Apogee, whose monthly sales had been around US$7,000, made US$30,000 on \"Commander Keen\" alone in the first two weeks and US$60,000 per month by June, while the first royalty check convinced the development team, then known as Ideas from the Deep, to quit their jobs at Softdisk. The team founded id Software shortly thereafter and went on to produce another four episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series over the next year. The trilogy was lauded by reviewers due to the graphical achievement and humorous style, and id Software went on to develop other successful games, including \"Wolfenstein 3D\" (1992)","psg_id":"19569751"},{"title":"Economy of Grenada","text":"million (1995) Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 – 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of Grenada Grenada has a largely tourism-based, small, open economy. Over the past two decades, the economy has shifted from one of agriculture-dominant into that of services-dominant, with tourism serving as the leading foreign currency earning sector. The country's principal export crops are the spices nutmeg and mace (Grenada is the world’s second largest producer of nutmeg after Indonesia). Other crops for export include cocoa, citrus fruits, bananas, cloves, and","psg_id":"155384"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"Syndrome so that the American public could be successfully galvanized to support new US military actions, with President Reagan after the invasion declaring: \"Our days of weakness are over. Our military forces are back on their feet and standing tall.\" A heavily fictionalized account of the invasion from a U.S. military perspective is shown in the 1986 Clint Eastwood motion picture \"Heartbreak Ridge\", in which Marines replaced the actual roles of U.S. Army units. Due to the movie's portrayal of several incompetent officers and NCOs, the Army withdrew its support of the movie. Analysis by the U.S. Department of Defense","psg_id":"1392059"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"and \"Doom\" (1993). The \"Vorticons\" trilogy has been released as part of several collections by id and Apogee since its first release, and has been sold for modern computers through Steam since 2007. The three episodes of \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\" make up one side-scrolling platform video game: most of the game features the player-controlled Commander Keen viewed from the side while moving on a two-dimensional plane. Keen can move left and right and can jump; after finding a pogo stick in the first episode, he can also bounce continuously and jump higher than he can normally","psg_id":"19569752"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"the army and executed along with seven others, including members of the cabinet on 19 October 1983. On 19 October 1983, the military under Hudson Austin took power in a second coup and formed a military government to run the country. A four-day total curfew was declared under which any civilian outside their home was subject to summary execution. A U.S.–Caribbean force invaded Grenada on October 25, 1983, in an action called Operation Urgent Fury, and swiftly defeated the Grenadan forces and their Cuban allies. During the fighting 45 Grenadians, 25 Cubans, and 19 Americans were killed. This action was","psg_id":"155342"},{"title":"Capture of Grenada (1779)","text":"isle of Saint Vincent, fell on June 18, and d'Estaing turned his attention to other islands. He had hoped to capture Barbados, a key British possession, but after making no progress against the prevailing easterly trade winds, he turned his attention instead to Grenada. Grenada was one of Britain's richest colonies, producing significant quantities of sugar on its plantations. Lord Macartney, the British governor, had been alerted to the possibility of a French attack. He made repeated requests for support to Admiral Byron and the British commander at St. Kitts, but was told that Saint Vincent was the principal French","psg_id":"14905598"},{"title":"Military history of the United States","text":"in Grenada, which had installed a communist-leaning government, led to increased tensions in the region. Neighboring nations asked the U.S. to intervene. The invasion was a hurriedly devised grouping of paratroopers, Marines, Rangers, and special operations forces in Operation Urgent Fury. Over a thousand Americans quickly seized the entire island, taking hundreds of military and civilian prisoners, especially Cubans, who were building a large military airstrip. In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in","psg_id":"1403048"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"a military intervention. U.S. President Ronald Reagan's justification for the intervention was in part explained as \"concerns over the 600 U.S. medical students on the island\" and fears of a repeat of the Iran hostage crisis. The U.S. invasion began six days after Bishop's death, on the morning of 25 October 1983, just two days and several hours after the bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut. The invading force consisted of the U.S. Army's Rapid Deployment Force (the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions and 82nd Airborne Division paratroopers); U.S. Marines (22nd MAU); U.S. Army Delta Force; U.S. Navy","psg_id":"1392009"},{"title":"Monarchy of Grenada","text":"Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Grenada. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law. One of the most complicated features of the Grenadian Monarchy is that it is a shared monarchy. Fifty-two states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sixteen of these states are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise the same","psg_id":"11767826"},{"title":"Order of Grenada","text":"her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General is formally advised by the National Awards Advisory Committee which consists of a citizen of Grenada appointed by the Governor-General after consultation with the Prime Minister of Grenada and the Leader of the Opposition, the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission, the Commissioner of Police, two persons representative of the public appointed by the Governor General one of whom is nominated","psg_id":"18902224"},{"title":"Monarchy of Grenada","text":"legal personality of the State is referred to as \"Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada.\" For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the government, the respondent is formally described as Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada. The monarch as an individual takes no more role in such an affair than in any other business of government. Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated","psg_id":"11767838"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"full autonomy over its internal affairs. Herbert Blaize was the first Premier of the Associated State of Grenada from March to August 1967. Eric Gairy served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974, as the Grenada United Labour Party won majorities in both the 1967 and 1972 general elections. On 7 February 1974, Grenada became a fully independent state. Grenada continued to practise a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch (head of state) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party","psg_id":"155339"},{"title":"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)","text":"Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General conducts vice regal investitures at Government House in St George's. Awards are usually announced each year on the occasion of the National Day of Grenada - 7 February. Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on","psg_id":"19434658"},{"title":"Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom","text":"Tyne. William Whitelaw was Margaret Thatcher's \"de facto\" deputy from 1979–1988, an unofficial position he combined with that of Home Secretary in 1979–1983 and Leader of the House of Lords after 1983. Sir Geoffrey Howe was bestowed the title of Deputy Prime Minister by Thatcher in 1989, on being removed from the post of Foreign Secretary. He resigned as her deputy in 1990, making a resignation speech that is widely thought to have hastened Thatcher's downfall. Thatcher's successor John Major did not appoint a Deputy Prime Minister until 1995, when Michael Heseltine was given the post. John Prescott, who was","psg_id":"1415231"},{"title":"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons","text":"items to keep them motivated. The game was completed in early December 1990, and on the afternoon of December 14, Miller began uploading the completed first episode to BBSs, with the other two episodes listed as available for purchase as a mailed plastic bag with floppy disks for US$30. \"Commander Keen\" was an immediate hit for Apogee: the company's previous sales levels had been around US$7,000 per month, but by Christmas \"Keen\" already had sales of almost US$30,000. Miller described the game as \"a little atom bomb\" to magazine editors and BBS controllers when asked about it; its success led","psg_id":"19569775"},{"title":"The Man Who Never Was","text":"Balchin's screenplay won the BAFTA for that year. In 1943, Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander, Ewen Montagu (Clifton Webb), comes up with a scheme to deceive the Nazis about the impending invasion of Southern Europe. It entails releasing a dead body just off the coast of Spain, where strong currents will almost certainly cause it to drift ashore in an area where a skilled German secret agent operates. The corpse will appear as a plane crash victim, the non-existent Royal Marine, Major William Martin, who is carrying false letters about a forthcoming Allied invasion of German-occupied Greece, rather than the obvious","psg_id":"4111925"},{"title":"History of Grenada","text":"He named the island \"Concepción.\" The origin of the name \"Grenada\" is obscure, but it is likely that Spanish sailors renamed the island for the city of Granada. By the beginning of the 18th century, the name \"Grenada\", or \"la Grenade\" in French, was in common use. Partly because of the Caribs, Grenada remained uncolonized for more than one hundred years after being sighted by Columbus. In June 1609, the first attempt at settlement by Europeans was made by an English expedition of 24 colonizers led by Mossis Goldfry, Hall, Lull, and Robincon, who arrived in the ships \"Diana\", the","psg_id":"155324"},{"title":"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election","text":"who won more than two-thirds of the votes. On the same day, Neil Kinnock won the leadership election. A young Peter Mandelson was employed in Hattersley's campaign team for the deputy leadership contest. The election took place at Labour Party conference, with affiliated trade unions holding 40% of the votes, delegates from Constituency Labour Parties holding 30% of the votes, and the Parliamentary Labour Party holding the final 30% of the votes. Labour Leadership Election, 1983 1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October","psg_id":"18356438"},{"title":"Grenada","text":"of the NJM. Though Bishop cooperated with Cuba and the USSR on various trade and foreign policy issues, he sought to maintain a \"non-aligned\" status. Bishop had been taking his time making Grenada wholly socialist, encouraging private-sector development in an attempt to make the island a popular tourist destination. Hardline Marxist party members, including communist Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, deemed Bishop insufficiently revolutionary and demanded that he either step down or enter into a power-sharing arrangement. On October 19, 1983, Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice","psg_id":"11916882"},{"title":"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)","text":"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada) The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983. The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New Jewel Movement seized power, the army expanded at a rapid pace. By 1983 Grenada’s People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces (PRAF) outnumbered their Eastern Caribbean","psg_id":"14615878"},{"title":"Grenadian Americans","text":"to have better jobs in Grenada in the future, they end up settling permanently in the US, and raising a family. Some do return to Grenada to help their compatriots. Grenadian Americans still retain strong ties to Grenada, and know much of the politics of their country, which is received by radio, newspapers and television. They also gather information through telephone communication with family and friends who still live there. Most Grenadian Americans supported the American invasion of Grenada in 1983 because they believed that, in this way, the US could restore democracy in that country. The Grenadians living in","psg_id":"15120182"},{"title":"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)","text":"Council and imposed a 24-hour immediate curfew. Violators were to be shot on sight. The curfew lasted four days and many prominent citizens were arrested. This included former Bishop officials, PRA officers and NJM members thought to be disloyal. On 25 October 1983, 7,600 troops, mostly from the United States along with some from the Caribbean Peace Force invaded Grenada encountering resistance from 1,200 to 1,500 troops of the People's Revolutionary Army. Many of the Grenadian troops surrendered, but some put up stiff resistance against the U.S.-led invasion force. By 27 October 1983, most of the Grenadian soldiers had either","psg_id":"14615882"},{"title":"HMS Grenada (1804)","text":"Burton replaced Barker as temporary commander. In mid-1808, \"Grenada\" recaptured the sloop \"Trafalgar\", Tyne, master, of Trinidad, which the French privateer \"Rodeur\" had captured. \"Grenada\" sent \"Trafalgar\" into Grenada. Then on 25 October, \"Grenada\" captured the French privateer \"Moriche\", of one gun and 60 men, off Trinidad. Then on 6 December 1808 Lieutenant Stephen Briggs commissioned \"Grenada\" for the Leeward Islands. He commanded her until she was sold. \"Grenada\", still under Briggs's command, also participated in the capture of Guadeloupe in January and February 1810. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp \"Guadaloupe\" to all","psg_id":"18857013"},{"title":"Politics of Grenada","text":"IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO,frat Politics of Grenada The politics of Grenada takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government. Grenada is an independent Commonwealth realm. It is governed under a multi-party parliamentary system whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom; it has a prime minister and a cabinet, and a bicameral Parliament with an elected House of Representatives and an appointed","psg_id":"155371"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"officials, seizing caches of weapons, and seeing to the repatriation of Cuban engineers. On 1 November, two companies from the 22nd Marine Amphibious Unit made a combined sea and helicopter landing on the island of Carriacou 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Grenada. The nineteen Grenadian soldiers defending the island surrendered without a fight. This was the last military action of the campaign. Official U.S. sources state that some of their opponents were well prepared and well positioned and put up stubborn resistance, to the extent that the U.S. called in two battalions of reinforcements on the evening of 26","psg_id":"1392043"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"to land reinforcements on the island; the capture of Pearls Airport by the 8th Marine Regiment; and the rescue of the U.S. students at the True Blue Campus of St. George's University. In addition, a number of special operations missions were undertaken to obtain intelligence and secure key individuals and equipment. In general, many of these missions were plagued by inadequate intelligence, planning, and accurate maps of any kind (the U.S. forces mostly relied upon tourist maps). The nature of the Cuban military presence in Grenada was more complex than initially thought. As in Angola, Ethiopia, and other nations with","psg_id":"1392024"},{"title":"Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)","text":"and after Ed Miliband resigned in 2015. Conversely, John Robert Clynes served as leader prior to becoming Deputy Leader. There are four living former deputy leaders. The most recent deputy leader to die was Denis Healey (1980-1983) on 3 October 2015. Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is a senior politician in the British Labour Party. The post is currently held by Tom Watson, who was elected as deputy on 12 September 2015. Unlike other political party leaders, the Labour leader does not have the power to appoint or dismiss his or","psg_id":"7948747"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"October. The Marines then captured Pearls Airport, encountering only light resistance, including a DShK machine gun which was destroyed by a Marine AH-1 Cobra. In the early morning of 25 October, UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters delivered SEAL Team 6 operators to Radio Free Grenada with the purpose of using the radio station for psychological operations. The station was captured unopposed and the SEALs destroyed the radio transmitter. However, a counter-attack with cars and an armored personnel carrier forced the lightly-armed SEALs to cut a fence and retreat into the ocean as they received fire from the armored personnel carrier. The SEALs","psg_id":"1392032"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"first day, the Army had to delay pursuing the second objective until it made contact with Marine forces. Early on the morning of the 26 October, a patrol from the 2nd Battalion of the 325th Infantry Regiment was ambushed by Cuban forces near the village of Calliste, suffering six wounded and two killed in the ensuing firefight, including the commander of Company B. Following that, U.S. Navy air strikes and an artillery bombardment by 105mm howitzers targeting the main Cuban encampment eventually led to their surrender at 08:30. US forces pushed on into the village of Frequente, where they discovered","psg_id":"1392038"},{"title":"Demographics of Grenada","text":"Demographics of Grenada This article is about the demographic features of the population of Grenada, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the 2011 census Grenada has 105,539 inhabitants. The estimated population of is (). The fertility rate in Grenada was 2.21 in 2013. The vast majority of the population of Grenada are of African descent (89.4% at the 2001 census). There is also a significant mixed population (8.2%), along with a small European origin minority (0.4%), East Indians (1.6%), and there are small numbers","psg_id":"155359"},{"title":"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election","text":"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October 1983 to replace incumbent Deputy Leader Denis Healey. Healey had served in the position since 1980, becoming deputy leader at the same time that Michael Foot became party leader. Foot and Healey had both announced their resignations after the general election on 9 June 1983, in which a disastrous performance left the Labour Party with just 209 seats in parliament. The election was conducted using the Labour party's electoral college. It was won by Roy Hattersley,","psg_id":"18356437"},{"title":"Dessima Williams","text":"served as Grenada’s representative to the Organization of American States, Deputy Governor to the World Bank and Deputy Permanent Representative to the Inter-American Commission of Women. At the Organization of American States, she shepherded resolutions such as the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace, Development and Independence and promotion of small island states. At 32 years of ages she was named ambassador to the United States by Grenada's Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, whose murder Aug. 12, 1983, set off a bloody power struggle on the island nation that led to the US invasion of Grenada. The Reagan administration refused to","psg_id":"7766903"},{"title":"United States invasion of Grenada","text":"been designed by Canadians, underwritten by the British government, and partly built by a London firm. The U.S. government accused Grenada of constructing facilities to aid a Soviet-Cuban military buildup in the Caribbean based upon the 9,000-foot length runway, which could accommodate the largest Soviet aircraft like the An-12, An-22, and the An-124, which would enhance the Soviet and Cuban transportation of weapons to Central American insurgents and expand Soviet regional influence. Bishop's government claimed that the airport was built to accommodate commercial aircraft carrying tourists, pointing out that such jets could not land at Pearls Airport on the island's","psg_id":"1392015"},{"title":"Order of Grenada","text":"Order of Grenada The Order of Grenada is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. The order recognises distinguished and outstanding service or meritorious service or achievement, or for gallantry. Nationals of Grenada and non-nationals may receive this Order. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in","psg_id":"18902223"},{"title":"Military of Puerto Rico","text":"Puerto Rico as a base to rehearse and launch military operations in Latin America and throughout the world. Operations launched from Puerto Rico include the 1954 intervention in Guatemala; the 1965 invasion of the Dominican Republic; the 1983 invasion of Grenada; the 1989 invasion of Panama; support of Salvadoran military; preparation for operation Desert Storm and Desert Fox in Iraq; and preparation for the War in Yugoslavia. Near Aguada the US marine operates a LF-transmitter with a 367.3 metres tall guyed mast, the tallest man-made object in the Caribbean area . Military of Puerto Rico The military defense of Puerto","psg_id":"316303"},{"title":"Soviet invasion of Xinjiang","text":"planes for about 30 days. When reports that the Chinese forces had defeated and killed the Soviets reached Chinese prisoners in Urumqi, they were reportedly so jubilant that they jumped around in their cells. Ma Hushan, Deputy Divisional Commander of the 36th division, became well known for victories over Russian forces during the invasion. At this point, Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang Shaohong and his expeditionary force which he assembled to assist Ma Zhongying against Sheng, but when Chiang heard about the Soviet invasion, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged","psg_id":"14652064"},{"title":"Wyatt Cenac","text":"moving to Los Angeles. As of October 2014, Cenac lives in Fort Greene, Brooklyn and previously lived in Prospect Heights during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Cenac is the nephew of the Hon. Mr. Justice Dunbar Cenac, Registry of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. His father was the cousin of former deputy prime minister of Grenada Bernard Coard, who was imprisoned for 25 years following the American invasion of Grenada in October 1983. Cenac's paternal 3x-great-grandfather Cherebin Cenac was an officer from Agen, France on a French battleship during the Napoleonic Wars who settled in Soufrière, Saint Lucia. Cherebin's youngest child","psg_id":"12129101"},{"title":"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)","text":"Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand","psg_id":"19434657"},{"title":"John W. Nicholson Jr.","text":"general officer in the United States Army, distantly related to British Brigadier John Nicholson (1822–1857). John W. Nicholson Jr. graduated from West Point in 1982 and was commissioned into the infantry. He earned a Bronze Star with \"V\" device as a paratroop lieutenant during the invasion of Grenada in 1983. He was a strategist for Eric Shinseki at the point of the 9/11 attacks. He went on to do six tours in Afghanistan. Nicholson was the deputy director of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization. He became commander of the 82nd Airborne Division in 2012. In 2014 Nicholson took","psg_id":"18795542"}],"string":"[\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"had not been made public. Scoon was well within his rights to take this action under the reserve powers vested in the Crown. On Saturday 22 October 1983, the Deputy High Commissioner in Bridgetown, Barbados visited Grenada and reported that Sir Paul Scoon was well and \\\"did not request military intervention, either directly or indirectly\\\". However, in his book, \\\"Survival for Service\\\", Scoon confirmed that he had invited the United States and Caribbean nations to intervene militarily, before the invasion. On 25 October, Grenada was invaded by the combined forces of the United States and the Regional Security System (RSS)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392020\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"for Democracy\\\" parodies the invasion using a fictitious British Commonwealth country called St George's Island located in the Indian Ocean and under threat of Communist invasion and American counter-invasion. United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392066\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted in the house arrest and the execution of the previous leader and second Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop, and the establishment of a preliminary government, the Revolutionary Military\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392006\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"U.S. also destroyed a significant amount of Grenada's military hardware, including six APCs and an armored car. A second armored car was impounded and later shipped back to Marine Corps Base Quantico for inspection. The US government defended its invasion of Grenada as an action to protect American citizens, including medical students, living on the island. \\\"Action was necessary to resolve what Article 28 of...[the charter of the Organization of American States (O.A.S.)] refers to as a 'situation that might endanger the peace,'\\\" said US Deputy Secretary of State Kenneth W. Dam, adding that \\\"Both the O.A.S. Charter, in articles\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392045\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"invasion. The 1990 film \\\"Die Hard 2\\\" mentioned Grenada when a unit of soldiers talked among themselves about the invasion. The 1994 film \\\"Natural Born Killers\\\" mentioned Grenada when one of the main characters claimed he witnessed the invasion. In the 2013 movie \\\"The Wolf of Wall Street\\\", the invasion of Grenada is used as a metaphor for a court case that is impossible to lose. In 2012 and 2014 \\\"Saturday Night Live\\\" sketches where Bill Hader attends a puppet class and uses his puppet to tell his grim stories of the invasion. The \\\"Yes Prime Minister\\\" episode \\\"A Victory\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392065\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Defence force of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20685450\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"with an annual memorial ceremony. In 2008, the Government of Grenada announced a move to build a monument to honour the Cubans killed during the invasion. At the time of the announcement the Cuban and Grenadian governments are still seeking to identify a suitable site for the monument. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, COMSECONDFLT, became Commander, Joint Task Force 120 (CJTF 120), and commanded units from the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard from the flag spaces aboard the MARG flagship, USS Guam. CJTF 120 was supported by Rear Admiral Richard E. Berry (COMCRUDESGRU Eight) (Commander Task Group\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392062\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"vetoed by the United States. A month after the invasion, \\\"Time\\\" magazine described it as having \\\"broad popular support.\\\" A congressional study group concluded that the invasion had been justified, as most members felt that U.S. students at the university near a contested runway could have been taken hostage as U.S. diplomats in Iran had been four years previously. The group's report caused House Speaker Tip O'Neill to change his position on the issue from opposition to support. In the evening of 25 October 1983 by telephone, on the newscast \\\"Nightline\\\", anchor Ted Koppel spoke to medical students on Grenada\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"at 05:00 on 25 October 1983. U.S. forces refuelled and departed from the Grantley Adams International Airport on the nearby Caribbean island of Barbados before daybreak en route to Grenada. It was the first major operation conducted by the U.S. military since the Vietnam War. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, Commander Second Fleet, was the overall commander of U.S. forces, designated Joint Task Force 120, which included elements of each military service and multiple special operations units. Fighting continued for several days and the total number of U.S. troops reached some 7,000 along with 300 troops from the Organization of\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392022\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"due to differences in charts and location coordinates, data, and methods of calling for fire support. Communications between services were also noted as not being compatible and hindered the coordination of operations. The landing strip was drawn by hand on the map given to some members of the invasion force. Conservative US leaders, and Ronald Reagan in particular, had long complained about the \\\"Vietnam Syndrome,\\\" the aversion on the part of the American people to U.S. military operations following the Vietnam War. The Reagan administration hoped that the perceived success of the invasion of Grenada would help dispel the Vietnam\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392058\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada–Soviet Union relations\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada–Soviet Union relations Grenada-Soviet relations refers to the relations between Grenada, and the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations between Grenada and the Soviet Union were severed in November 1983 by the Governor General of Grenada. Eventually in 2002, Grenada re-established diplomatic relations with the newly formed Russian Federation. During the New Jewel Movement, the Soviet Union tried to make the island of Grenada to function as a Soviet base, and also by getting supplies from Cuba. On October 1983, during the U.S. invasion of Grenada, U.S. President Ronald Reagan maintained that US Marines arrived on the island of Grenada, which was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12278749\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Defence force of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"seaport security and fire services. With 15 police stations and 900 staff members, the force responds to over 15,000 crimes and incidents per year. The Royal Grenada Police Force also has a paramilitary force for national defense. Official Defense is the responsibility of the Regional Security System . Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20685455\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"flights, and that evidence indicated that the airport was to become a Cuban-Soviet forward military airbase. On 29 May 2009 the Point Salines International Airport was officially renamed the Maurice Bishop International Airport, in honour of the slain pre-coup leader Maurice Bishop by the Government of Grenada. On 16 October 1983, a party faction led by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard seized power. Bishop was placed under house arrest. Mass protests against the action led to Bishop's escaping detention and reasserting his authority as the head of the government. Bishop was eventually captured and murdered, along with his pregnant partner,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392018\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"than 5,000 medals to its soldiers for merit and valor. The date of the invasion is now a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, which commemorates the freeing, after the invasion, of several political prisoners who were subsequently elected to office. A truth and reconciliation commission was launched in 2000 to re-examine some of the controversies of the era; in particular, the commission made an unsuccessful attempt to find Bishop's body, which had been disposed of at Hudson Austin's order, and never found. For the U.S., the invasion also highlighted issues with communication and coordination between the different branches\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392012\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"to Grenada in 1984. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Braithwaite was appointed Prime Minister of an interim administration by the Governor General Sir Paul Scoon until elections could be organized. On 28 October 1984, the new Point Salines International Airport was opened, which enabled Grenada to receive large commercial jets for the first time. The first democratic elections since 1976 were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize who won 14 out of 15 seats in elections and served as Prime Minister until his death in December\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155345\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"that would have been necessary to remove US citizens. The UN Charter prohibits the use of force by member states except in cases of self defense or when specifically authorized by the UN Security Council. The UN Security Council had not even considered the matter, let alone authorized invasion. Similarly, the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of 108 to 9 (with 27 abstentions) adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \\\"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law.\\\" A similar resolution in the United Nations Security Council received widespread support but was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392047\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"arrested after the invasion on charges related to the murder of Maurice Bishop and seven others. The eighteen included the top political leadership of Grenada at the time of the execution as well as the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions. Fourteen were sentenced to death, one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to 45 years in prison. The death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment. Those in prison have become known as the Grenada 17. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Brathwaite\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916887\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada 17\",\n \"text\": \"stating that their arrest and trial had been a miscarriage of justice. Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10653815\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada 17\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence led to Bishop being freed. Bishop then went with a large group\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10653809\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada in 1983, later stated that he issued weapons and ammunition to many of the construction workers for the purpose of self-defense. According to journalist Bob Woodward in his book \\\"Veil\\\", captured \\\"military advisors\\\" from socialist countries were actually accredited diplomats and their dependents. None, Woodward claimed, took any actual part in the fighting. Other historians have asserted that most of the supposed civil technicians on Grenada were Cuban special forces and combat engineers. Cuban nationals were expressly forbidden to surrender to U.S. forces. U.S. Special Operations Forces were deployed to Grenada beginning on 23 October, before the 25 October\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392026\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of United States threats, that the invasion violated international law, and that no small nation not to the liking of the United States would find itself safe if the aggression against Grenada were not rebuffed. The governments of some countries stated that the United States intervention was a return to the era of barbarism. The governments of other countries said the United States by its invasion had violated several treaties and conventions to which it was a party. A similar resolution was discussed in the United Nations Security Council and although receiving widespread support it was ultimately vetoed by the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392051\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"and attempted to resume power, but he was captured and executed by soldiers. On 25 October 1983, forces from the United States and the Barbados-based Regional Security System (RSS) invaded Grenada in a U.S.-led operation code-named \\\"Operation Urgent Fury\\\". The invasion was highly criticised by the governments of Britain, Trinidad and Tobago and Canada, along with the United Nations General Assembly. Elections were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize, who served as Prime Minister until his death in December 1989. The origin of the name \\\"Grenada\\\" is obscure, but it is\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916871\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Task Force 20\",\n \"text\": \"the core of Task Group 20.5, the carrier task group that would support the Invasion of Grenada. On 25 October 1983, aircraft from Independence's embarked air wing flew missions supporting the invasion. The post of Commander, Task Force 20, which was an additional post for the fleet's commander during the fleet's existence, has been maintained as a three-star vice admiral's position who also concurrently serves as the deputy commander of Fleet & Joint Operations, the deputy commander of U.S. Fleet Forces Command and the director of Combined Joint Operations From The Sea, Centre of Excellence. Task Force 20 was commanded\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4660931\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"United States. President of the United States Ronald Reagan, when asked if he was concerned by the lopsided 108–9 vote in the UN General Assembly, said, \\\"it didn't upset my breakfast at all.\\\" Grenada is part of the Commonwealth of Nations and, following the invasion, it requested help from other Commonwealth members. The intervention was opposed by Commonwealth members including the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, and Canada, among others. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a close ally of Reagan on other matters, personally opposed the U.S. invasion. Reagan told her it might happen; she did not know for sure\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392052\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"powers of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and created the concept of a truly unified joint U.S. forces (i.e., Army, Air Force, Marines, and Naval forces organized under one command). One of the first reorganizations resulting from both the Department of Defense analysis and the legislation was the formation of the U.S. Special Operations Command in 1987. October 25 is a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, to commemorate the invasion. St. George's University (SGU) built a monument on its True Blue Campus to memorialize the U.S. servicemen killed during the invasion, and marks the day\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392061\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"SEALs, and ancillary forces totaling 7,600 U.S.troops, together with Jamaican forces, and troops of the Regional Security System (RSS). USAF Pararescue and TACP personnel from the 21St Tass, Shaw AFB were attached to various other Special Operations Units during the Grenada conflict. The invasion force defeated Grenadian resistance after a low-altitude airborne assault by Rangers on Point Salines Airport at the south end of the island, and a Marine helicopter and amphibious landing on the north end at Pearls Airport. The military government of Hudson Austin was deposed and replaced by a government appointed by Governor-General Paul Scoon. The invasion\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392010\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"it was coming until three hours before. At 12:30 on the morning of the invasion, Thatcher sent a message to Reagan: Reagan told Thatcher before anyone else that the invasion would begin in a few hours, but ignored her complaints. She publicly supported the U.S. action. Reagan phoned to apologize for the miscommunication, and the long-term friendly relationship endured. Following the U.S. victory, the American and Caribbean governments quickly reaffirmed Scoon as Queen Elizabeth II's sole legitimate representative in Grenada—and hence, the only lawful authority on the island. In accordance with Commonwealth constitutional practice, Scoon assumed power as interim head\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392053\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by trainer Wallace Dollase. A late developer, Deputy Commander never made it to the 1997 Kentucky\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10284160\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"north end (5,200 feet) and could not be expanded because its runway abutted a mountain at one end and the ocean at the other. In 1983, then-member of the United States House of Representatives Ron Dellums (D, California), traveled to Grenada on a fact-finding mission, having been invited by the country's prime minister. Dellums described his findings before Congress: ... based on my personal observations, discussion and analysis of the new international airport under construction in Grenada, it is my conclusion that this project is specifically now and has always been for the purpose of economic development and is not\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392016\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"29 May 2009, the 65th anniversary of his birth. Hundreds of Grenadians turned out to commemorate the event. Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada, gave the keynote speech and referred to the renaming as an act of the Grenadian people coming home to themselves. He also hoped that it would help bring closure to a chapter of denial in Grenada's history. The invasion showed problems with the U.S. government's \\\"information apparatus,\\\" which \\\"Time\\\" described as still being in \\\"some disarray\\\" three weeks after the invasion. For example, the U.S. State Department falsely claimed that a mass grave had been discovered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392055\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada–United States relations\",\n \"text\": \"Grenada–United States relations Grenada – United States relations are bilateral relations between Grenada and the United States. The United States recognized Grenada on the 7 February 1974, as the same day as Grenada got independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These nations formally established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1974. In October 1983, the United States led an invasion of Grenada, code named Urgent Fury, after the overthrow and murder of the leader of Grenada, Maurice Bishop, by the Bernard Coard. The U.S. Government established an embassy in Grenada in November 1983. The U.S. Ambassador\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11632601\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"to a decline in his physiological and neurological health, he was euthanized October 7, 2009. Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10284162\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Commander Land Forces Deputy Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13837276\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Council with Hudson Austin as Chairman. The invasion resulted in the appointment of an interim government, followed by democratic elections in 1984. The country has remained a democratic nation since then. Grenada gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. The Marxist-Leninist New Jewel Movement seized power in a coup in 1979 under Maurice Bishop, suspending the constitution and detaining a number of political prisoners. Among Bishop's core principles were workers' rights, women's rights, and the struggle against racism and Apartheid. Under Bishop's leadership, the National Women’s Organization was formed which participated in policy decisions along with other social groups.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392007\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Revolutionary Government. The last major special operation was a mission to rescue and evacuate Governor General Paul Scoon from his mansion in Saint George, Grenada. The mission departed late at 05:30 on 25 October from Barbados, resulting in the Grenadian forces being already aware of the U.S. invasion. They closely guarded Governor Scoon. Although the SEAL team's entry into the mansion went unopposed, a counterattack led by BTR-60 armored personnel carriers trapped the SEALs and the governor inside. AC-130 gunships, A-7 Corsair strike planes, and AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters were called in to support the besieged SEALs, but the SEALs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392035\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)\",\n \"text\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division and 3rd Mechanised Division), HQ 6th Division, Theatre\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13837274\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"22 and 28, and the U.N. Charter, in Article 52, recognize the competence of regional security bodies in ensuring regional peace and stability.\\\" Dam was referring the decision by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to approve the invasion. However, scholars of international law have concluded that the invasion constituted neither justifiable self-defense (because there was no credible imminent threat to the US), nor humanitarian intervention or rescue (because there was no credible immediate danger to US citizens), and, in any case, the US invasion far exceeded in the scope and magnitude of force used and in duration any action\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392046\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 United States Senate bombing\",\n \"text\": \"the United States military invaded the socialist island nation of Grenada, and replaced the socialist government with the previous government under Governor-General Paul Scoon and Chairman of the Interim Advisory Council Nicholas Brathwaite, the country having been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. At the time, the invasion was supported by 64% of the US population. However, members of the left wing militant group, the Resistance Conspiracy, were perturbed. The invasion of Grenada, coupled with the October 1983 bombing of a United States Marines barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, prompted the beginnings of a plan for the left-wing militants to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6085147\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"as a part of the \\\"Commander Keen Complete Pack\\\". According to Steam Spy, as of 2017 over 200,000 copies are registered through Steam. Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \\\"Commander Keen\\\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569785\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Women were given equal pay and paid maternity leave, and sex discrimination was made illegal. Organisations for education (Center for Popular Education), health care, and youth affairs (National Youth Organization) were also established. In 1983, an internal power struggle began over Bishop's relatively moderate foreign policy approach, and on 19 October, hard-line military junta elements captured and executed Bishop and his partner Jacqueline Creft, along with three cabinet ministers and two union leaders. Subsequently, following appeals by the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and the Governor-General of Grenada, Paul Scoon, the Reagan Administration in the U.S. quickly decided to launch\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392008\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \\\"Commander Keen\\\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities of Mars, prevents a recently arrived alien mothership from destroying landmarks on Earth, and hunts down the leader of the aliens, the Grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569748\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Slavery was abolished in the 1830s. In 1885, the island became the capital of the British Windward Islands. Grenada achieved independence from Britain in 1974. Following a coup by the Marxist New Jewel Movement in 1983, the island was invaded by United States troops and the government overthrown. The island's major crop, nutmeg, was significantly damaged by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. About 2 million years ago, Grenada was formed as an underwater volcano. Before the arrival of Europeans, Grenada was inhabited by Arawaks and, subsequently, Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the new world.\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155323\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"being ousted by the U.S. invasion of Grenada. People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) The People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) was proclaimed on 13 March 1979 after the New Jewel Movement overthrew the government of Grenada in a revolution. The government suspended the constitution and ruled by decree until a factional conflict broke out, culminating in a United States military intervention on 25 October 1983. The New Jewel Movement (NJM) under the leadership of Maurice Bishop was the main opposition party in Grenada during the 1970s. In 1979, the NJM overthrew the government of Eric Gairy, which had ruled the country since independence\",\n \"psg_id\": \"6827126\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Jamaica\",\n \"text\": \"next year and was one of the architects of the Caribbean Basin Initiative, which was sponsored by Reagan. He delayed his promise to cut diplomatic relations with Cuba until a year later when he accused the Cuban government of giving asylum to Jamaican criminals. Seaga supported the collapse of the Marxist regime in Grenada and the subsequent US-led invasion of that island in October 1983. On the back of the Grenada invasion, Seaga called snap elections at the end of 1983, which Manley's PNP boycotted. His party thus controlled all seats in parliament. In an unusual move, because the Jamaican\",\n \"psg_id\": \"212893\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of the United States military when operating together as a joint force, contributing to investigations and sweeping changes in the form of the Goldwater-Nichols Act and other reorganizations. Sir Eric Gairy had led Grenada to independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. His term in office coincided with civil strife in Grenada. The political environment was highly charged and although Gairy—head of the Grenada United Labour Party—claimed victory in the general election of 1976, the opposition did not accept the result as legitimate. The civil strife took the form of street violence between Gairy's private army, the Mongoose Gang, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom\",\n \"text\": \"Ronald Reagan, based on their shared distrust of Communism. A more serious disagreement came in 1983 when Reagan did not consult with her on the invasion of Grenada. During her first year as Prime Minister she supported NATO's decision to deploy US nuclear cruise and Pershing II missiles in Western Europe and permitted the US to station more than 160 cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common, starting on 14 November 1983. That decision triggered mass protests by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. She bought the Trident nuclear missile submarine system from the US to replace Polaris, tripling the UK's nuclear\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19682351\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada–North Korea relations\",\n \"text\": \"assistance to the People’s Revolutionary Government of Grenada. The agreement was in return for weapons and ammunitions that were worth US$12 million. During the United States invasion of Grenada, North Korea sent 24 troops to fight against the United States and the Caribbean Peace Force troops. Grenada–North Korea relations Grenada–North Korea relations () were formally formal diplomatic relations between the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea established full diplomatic relations on Wednesday 9 May 1979. The two countries' diplomatic relationship ended\",\n \"psg_id\": \"16614973\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"which provided partial funding, all claimed the airstrip did not have military capabilities. Reagan was worried that Cubaunder the direction of the Soviet Unionwould use Grenada as a refuelling stop for Cuban and Soviet aeroplanes loaded with weapons destined for Central American communist insurgents. On October 25, 1983, combined forces from the United States and from the Regional Security System (RSS) based in Barbados invaded Grenada in an operation codenamed \\\"Operation Urgent Fury\\\". The US stated this was done at the behest of Prime Minister Eugenia Charles of Dominica. While the Governor-General of Grenada, Sir Paul Scoon, later stated that\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916885\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"work on \\\"Commander Keen in the Invasion of the Vorticons\\\". The Ideas from the Deep team, who referred to themselves as the \\\"IFD guys\\\", could not afford to leave their jobs to work on the game full-time, so they continued to work at Softdisk making \\\"Gamer's Edge\\\" games during the day while working on \\\"Commander Keen\\\" at night. They also continued to take home their work computers to Carmack's house on the weekends, putting them in their cars at night and bringing them back in the morning before anyone else arrived; they even began to request upgrades to the computers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569769\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)\",\n \"text\": \"Troops, Joint Helicopter Command, and Training Support under him. The post of Commander Field Army ceased to exist from 1 November 2011 following a major army command reorganisation. The post of Deputy Commander Land Forces was recreated again in January 2012. Recent Commanders have been:
Deputy Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces Commander UK Field Army Deputy Commander-in-Chief Land Command Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Land Forces In 2011 a two-star appointment was created for the officer commanding the Territorial Army; this officer has inherited the above designation. Recent Commanders for the Territorial Army/Army Reserves have been: Deputy Commander Land Forces (Reserves)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"13837275\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Commander (horse)\",\n \"text\": \"Derby. However, by autumn he had matured into a powerful colt who won the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby before running second to Skip Away in the 1997 Breeders' Cup Classic at Hollywood Park Racetrack. After being retired from racing, Deputy Commander stood at stud in Kentucky at Stonerside Stable and Airdrie Stud, and in 2007 stood at stud at Ballena Vista Farm in Ramona, California. Among his progeny are Grab Your Heart and Deputy Glitters as well as Ten Most Wanted, who followed in his sire's footsteps by winning both the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby. Due\",\n \"psg_id\": \"10284161\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Edward Trobaugh\",\n \"text\": \"the 82nd Airborne Division from 24 June 1983 to 19 June 1985 and during this time led the division in the US invasion of Grenada. During the operation the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General John Vessey, reportedly called MG Trobaugh and said “We have two companies of Marines running all over the island and thousands of Army troops doing nothing. What the hell is going on?” His final assignment was as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Trobaugh retired from active service in 1987. After retiring from the U.S. Army in 1987, he returned to Kokomo Indiana. Edward Trobaugh\",\n \"psg_id\": \"20558203\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Foreign relations of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"System (RSS). Grenada has been an independent Commonwealth realm since 1974. Even under the People's Revolutionary Government, Grenada was never declared a republic, but remained a Commonwealth realm, albeit, under the dictatorship of the New Jewel Movement's leader, Maurice Bishop. Small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for cannabis and cocaine to the US. Foreign relations of Grenada The United States, Venezuela, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China have embassies in Grenada. Grenada has been recognized by most members of the United Nations and maintains diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Canada. Grenada is a\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155388\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974. Independence was granted on 7 February 1974, under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who became the first Prime Minister of Grenada. In March 1979, the Marxist–Leninist New Jewel Movement overthrew Gairy's government in a coup d'état and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as Prime Minister. On 19 October 1983, hard-line Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice Bishop and placed Bishop under house arrest. Bishop was later freed by popular demonstration\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916870\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of government, and formed an advisory council which named Nicholas Brathwaite as chairman pending new elections. Elections held in December 1984 were won by the Grenada National Party and a government was formed led by Prime Minister Herbert Blaize. U.S. forces remained in Grenada after combat operations finished in December as part of Operation Island Breeze. Elements remaining, including military police, special forces, and a specialized intelligence detachment, performed security missions and assisted members of the Caribbean Peacekeeping Force and the Royal Grenadian Police Force. The Point Salines International Airport was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392054\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"gangs organized by the New Jewel Movement (NJM). In the late 1970s the NJM began planning to overthrow the government. Party members began to receive military training outside of Grenada. On 13 March 1979, while Gairy was out of the country, the NJM—led by Maurice Bishop—launched an armed revolution and overthrew the government, establishing the People's Revolutionary Government. The Bishop government began constructing the Point Salines International Airport with the help of Britain, Cuba, Libya, Algeria, and other nations. The airport had been first proposed by the British government in 1954, when Grenada was still a British colony. It had\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392014\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"who stated that they were safe and did not feel their lives were in danger. The next evening, again by telephone, medical students told Koppel how grateful they were for the invasion and the Army Rangers, which probably saved their lives. State Department officials had assured the medical students that they would be able to complete their medical school education in the United States. On 2 November 1983 by a vote of 108 in favour to 9 voting against (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, El Salvador, Israel, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States), with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392049\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"27 abstentions, the United Nations General Assembly adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \\\"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law and of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of that State.\\\" It went on to deplore \\\"the death of innocent civilians\\\" the \\\"killing of the prime Minister and other prominent Grenadians\\\" and called for an \\\"immediate cessation of the armed intervention\\\" and demanded \\\"that free elections be organized\\\". This was the first military rollback of a Communist nation. The Soviet Union said that Grenada had for a long time been the object\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392050\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"game, \\\"Commander Keen\\\", was developed for the Game Boy Color in 2001 by David A. Palmer Productions in association with id Software, and published by Activision. The original trilogy has been released as part of several collections since its first release: the \\\"id Anthology\\\" compilation in 1996, a compilation release by Apogee in 1998 of \\\"Invasion of the Vorticons\\\" and \\\"Goodbye, Galaxy\\\", a similar compilation in 2001 by 3D Realms titled \\\"Commander Keen Combo CD\\\", and the \\\"3D Realms Anthology\\\" in 2014. They have also been released for modern computers through a DOS emulator, and sold through Steam since 2007\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569784\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Kenneth Bowra\",\n \"text\": \"Kenneth Bowra Kenneth Bowra is a retired major general who served in the US Army from 1970 to 2003. Bowra saw service with US special forces in the Vietnam War and Cambodian Civil War and has worked with the Central Intelligence Agency and Joint Special Operations Command. He later fought in the US Invasion of Grenada and in the Somali Civil War and First Gulf War. In 1998 he was given command of the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School and in 2000 was deputy commander of NATO's Kosovo Force. Retiring in 2003 he is now a diplomat\",\n \"psg_id\": \"17126732\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"success; Apogee, whose monthly sales had been around US$7,000, made US$30,000 on \\\"Commander Keen\\\" alone in the first two weeks and US$60,000 per month by June, while the first royalty check convinced the development team, then known as Ideas from the Deep, to quit their jobs at Softdisk. The team founded id Software shortly thereafter and went on to produce another four episodes of the \\\"Commander Keen\\\" series over the next year. The trilogy was lauded by reviewers due to the graphical achievement and humorous style, and id Software went on to develop other successful games, including \\\"Wolfenstein 3D\\\" (1992)\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569751\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Economy of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"million (1995) Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 – 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of Grenada Grenada has a largely tourism-based, small, open economy. Over the past two decades, the economy has shifted from one of agriculture-dominant into that of services-dominant, with tourism serving as the leading foreign currency earning sector. The country's principal export crops are the spices nutmeg and mace (Grenada is the world’s second largest producer of nutmeg after Indonesia). Other crops for export include cocoa, citrus fruits, bananas, cloves, and\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155384\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Syndrome so that the American public could be successfully galvanized to support new US military actions, with President Reagan after the invasion declaring: \\\"Our days of weakness are over. Our military forces are back on their feet and standing tall.\\\" A heavily fictionalized account of the invasion from a U.S. military perspective is shown in the 1986 Clint Eastwood motion picture \\\"Heartbreak Ridge\\\", in which Marines replaced the actual roles of U.S. Army units. Due to the movie's portrayal of several incompetent officers and NCOs, the Army withdrew its support of the movie. Analysis by the U.S. Department of Defense\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392059\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"and \\\"Doom\\\" (1993). The \\\"Vorticons\\\" trilogy has been released as part of several collections by id and Apogee since its first release, and has been sold for modern computers through Steam since 2007. The three episodes of \\\"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\\\" make up one side-scrolling platform video game: most of the game features the player-controlled Commander Keen viewed from the side while moving on a two-dimensional plane. Keen can move left and right and can jump; after finding a pogo stick in the first episode, he can also bounce continuously and jump higher than he can normally\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569752\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"the army and executed along with seven others, including members of the cabinet on 19 October 1983. On 19 October 1983, the military under Hudson Austin took power in a second coup and formed a military government to run the country. A four-day total curfew was declared under which any civilian outside their home was subject to summary execution. A U.S.–Caribbean force invaded Grenada on October 25, 1983, in an action called Operation Urgent Fury, and swiftly defeated the Grenadan forces and their Cuban allies. During the fighting 45 Grenadians, 25 Cubans, and 19 Americans were killed. This action was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155342\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Capture of Grenada (1779)\",\n \"text\": \"isle of Saint Vincent, fell on June 18, and d'Estaing turned his attention to other islands. He had hoped to capture Barbados, a key British possession, but after making no progress against the prevailing easterly trade winds, he turned his attention instead to Grenada. Grenada was one of Britain's richest colonies, producing significant quantities of sugar on its plantations. Lord Macartney, the British governor, had been alerted to the possibility of a French attack. He made repeated requests for support to Admiral Byron and the British commander at St. Kitts, but was told that Saint Vincent was the principal French\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14905598\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military history of the United States\",\n \"text\": \"in Grenada, which had installed a communist-leaning government, led to increased tensions in the region. Neighboring nations asked the U.S. to intervene. The invasion was a hurriedly devised grouping of paratroopers, Marines, Rangers, and special operations forces in Operation Urgent Fury. Over a thousand Americans quickly seized the entire island, taking hundreds of military and civilian prisoners, especially Cubans, who were building a large military airstrip. In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1403048\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"a military intervention. U.S. President Ronald Reagan's justification for the intervention was in part explained as \\\"concerns over the 600 U.S. medical students on the island\\\" and fears of a repeat of the Iran hostage crisis. The U.S. invasion began six days after Bishop's death, on the morning of 25 October 1983, just two days and several hours after the bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut. The invading force consisted of the U.S. Army's Rapid Deployment Force (the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions and 82nd Airborne Division paratroopers); U.S. Marines (22nd MAU); U.S. Army Delta Force; U.S. Navy\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392009\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monarchy of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Grenada. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law. One of the most complicated features of the Grenadian Monarchy is that it is a shared monarchy. Fifty-two states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sixteen of these states are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise the same\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11767826\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General is formally advised by the National Awards Advisory Committee which consists of a citizen of Grenada appointed by the Governor-General after consultation with the Prime Minister of Grenada and the Leader of the Opposition, the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission, the Commissioner of Police, two persons representative of the public appointed by the Governor General one of whom is nominated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18902224\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Monarchy of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"legal personality of the State is referred to as \\\"Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada.\\\" For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the government, the respondent is formally described as Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada. The monarch as an individual takes no more role in such an affair than in any other business of government. Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11767838\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"full autonomy over its internal affairs. Herbert Blaize was the first Premier of the Associated State of Grenada from March to August 1967. Eric Gairy served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974, as the Grenada United Labour Party won majorities in both the 1967 and 1972 general elections. On 7 February 1974, Grenada became a fully independent state. Grenada continued to practise a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch (head of state) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155339\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General conducts vice regal investitures at Government House in St George's. Awards are usually announced each year on the occasion of the National Day of Grenada - 7 February. Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \\\"National Honours and Awards Act\\\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19434658\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom\",\n \"text\": \"Tyne. William Whitelaw was Margaret Thatcher's \\\"de facto\\\" deputy from 1979–1988, an unofficial position he combined with that of Home Secretary in 1979–1983 and Leader of the House of Lords after 1983. Sir Geoffrey Howe was bestowed the title of Deputy Prime Minister by Thatcher in 1989, on being removed from the post of Foreign Secretary. He resigned as her deputy in 1990, making a resignation speech that is widely thought to have hastened Thatcher's downfall. Thatcher's successor John Major did not appoint a Deputy Prime Minister until 1995, when Michael Heseltine was given the post. John Prescott, who was\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1415231\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\",\n \"text\": \"items to keep them motivated. The game was completed in early December 1990, and on the afternoon of December 14, Miller began uploading the completed first episode to BBSs, with the other two episodes listed as available for purchase as a mailed plastic bag with floppy disks for US$30. \\\"Commander Keen\\\" was an immediate hit for Apogee: the company's previous sales levels had been around US$7,000 per month, but by Christmas \\\"Keen\\\" already had sales of almost US$30,000. Miller described the game as \\\"a little atom bomb\\\" to magazine editors and BBS controllers when asked about it; its success led\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19569775\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"The Man Who Never Was\",\n \"text\": \"Balchin's screenplay won the BAFTA for that year. In 1943, Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander, Ewen Montagu (Clifton Webb), comes up with a scheme to deceive the Nazis about the impending invasion of Southern Europe. It entails releasing a dead body just off the coast of Spain, where strong currents will almost certainly cause it to drift ashore in an area where a skilled German secret agent operates. The corpse will appear as a plane crash victim, the non-existent Royal Marine, Major William Martin, who is carrying false letters about a forthcoming Allied invasion of German-occupied Greece, rather than the obvious\",\n \"psg_id\": \"4111925\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"History of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"He named the island \\\"Concepción.\\\" The origin of the name \\\"Grenada\\\" is obscure, but it is likely that Spanish sailors renamed the island for the city of Granada. By the beginning of the 18th century, the name \\\"Grenada\\\", or \\\"la Grenade\\\" in French, was in common use. Partly because of the Caribs, Grenada remained uncolonized for more than one hundred years after being sighted by Columbus. In June 1609, the first attempt at settlement by Europeans was made by an English expedition of 24 colonizers led by Mossis Goldfry, Hall, Lull, and Robincon, who arrived in the ships \\\"Diana\\\", the\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155324\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election\",\n \"text\": \"who won more than two-thirds of the votes. On the same day, Neil Kinnock won the leadership election. A young Peter Mandelson was employed in Hattersley's campaign team for the deputy leadership contest. The election took place at Labour Party conference, with affiliated trade unions holding 40% of the votes, delegates from Constituency Labour Parties holding 30% of the votes, and the Parliamentary Labour Party holding the final 30% of the votes. Labour Leadership Election, 1983 1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18356438\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"of the NJM. Though Bishop cooperated with Cuba and the USSR on various trade and foreign policy issues, he sought to maintain a \\\"non-aligned\\\" status. Bishop had been taking his time making Grenada wholly socialist, encouraging private-sector development in an attempt to make the island a popular tourist destination. Hardline Marxist party members, including communist Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, deemed Bishop insufficiently revolutionary and demanded that he either step down or enter into a power-sharing arrangement. On October 19, 1983, Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice\",\n \"psg_id\": \"11916882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada) The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983. The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New Jewel Movement seized power, the army expanded at a rapid pace. By 1983 Grenada’s People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces (PRAF) outnumbered their Eastern Caribbean\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14615878\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Grenadian Americans\",\n \"text\": \"to have better jobs in Grenada in the future, they end up settling permanently in the US, and raising a family. Some do return to Grenada to help their compatriots. Grenadian Americans still retain strong ties to Grenada, and know much of the politics of their country, which is received by radio, newspapers and television. They also gather information through telephone communication with family and friends who still live there. Most Grenadian Americans supported the American invasion of Grenada in 1983 because they believed that, in this way, the US could restore democracy in that country. The Grenadians living in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"15120182\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"Council and imposed a 24-hour immediate curfew. Violators were to be shot on sight. The curfew lasted four days and many prominent citizens were arrested. This included former Bishop officials, PRA officers and NJM members thought to be disloyal. On 25 October 1983, 7,600 troops, mostly from the United States along with some from the Caribbean Peace Force invaded Grenada encountering resistance from 1,200 to 1,500 troops of the People's Revolutionary Army. Many of the Grenadian troops surrendered, but some put up stiff resistance against the U.S.-led invasion force. By 27 October 1983, most of the Grenadian soldiers had either\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14615882\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"HMS Grenada (1804)\",\n \"text\": \"Burton replaced Barker as temporary commander. In mid-1808, \\\"Grenada\\\" recaptured the sloop \\\"Trafalgar\\\", Tyne, master, of Trinidad, which the French privateer \\\"Rodeur\\\" had captured. \\\"Grenada\\\" sent \\\"Trafalgar\\\" into Grenada. Then on 25 October, \\\"Grenada\\\" captured the French privateer \\\"Moriche\\\", of one gun and 60 men, off Trinidad. Then on 6 December 1808 Lieutenant Stephen Briggs commissioned \\\"Grenada\\\" for the Leeward Islands. He commanded her until she was sold. \\\"Grenada\\\", still under Briggs's command, also participated in the capture of Guadeloupe in January and February 1810. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp \\\"Guadaloupe\\\" to all\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18857013\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Politics of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO,frat Politics of Grenada The politics of Grenada takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government. Grenada is an independent Commonwealth realm. It is governed under a multi-party parliamentary system whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom; it has a prime minister and a cabinet, and a bicameral Parliament with an elected House of Representatives and an appointed\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155371\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"officials, seizing caches of weapons, and seeing to the repatriation of Cuban engineers. On 1 November, two companies from the 22nd Marine Amphibious Unit made a combined sea and helicopter landing on the island of Carriacou 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Grenada. The nineteen Grenadian soldiers defending the island surrendered without a fight. This was the last military action of the campaign. Official U.S. sources state that some of their opponents were well prepared and well positioned and put up stubborn resistance, to the extent that the U.S. called in two battalions of reinforcements on the evening of 26\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392043\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"to land reinforcements on the island; the capture of Pearls Airport by the 8th Marine Regiment; and the rescue of the U.S. students at the True Blue Campus of St. George's University. In addition, a number of special operations missions were undertaken to obtain intelligence and secure key individuals and equipment. In general, many of these missions were plagued by inadequate intelligence, planning, and accurate maps of any kind (the U.S. forces mostly relied upon tourist maps). The nature of the Cuban military presence in Grenada was more complex than initially thought. As in Angola, Ethiopia, and other nations with\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392024\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)\",\n \"text\": \"and after Ed Miliband resigned in 2015. Conversely, John Robert Clynes served as leader prior to becoming Deputy Leader. There are four living former deputy leaders. The most recent deputy leader to die was Denis Healey (1980-1983) on 3 October 2015. Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is a senior politician in the British Labour Party. The post is currently held by Tom Watson, who was elected as deputy on 12 September 2015. Unlike other political party leaders, the Labour leader does not have the power to appoint or dismiss his or\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7948747\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"October. The Marines then captured Pearls Airport, encountering only light resistance, including a DShK machine gun which was destroyed by a Marine AH-1 Cobra. In the early morning of 25 October, UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters delivered SEAL Team 6 operators to Radio Free Grenada with the purpose of using the radio station for psychological operations. The station was captured unopposed and the SEALs destroyed the radio transmitter. However, a counter-attack with cars and an armored personnel carrier forced the lightly-armed SEALs to cut a fence and retreat into the ocean as they received fire from the armored personnel carrier. The SEALs\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392032\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"first day, the Army had to delay pursuing the second objective until it made contact with Marine forces. Early on the morning of the 26 October, a patrol from the 2nd Battalion of the 325th Infantry Regiment was ambushed by Cuban forces near the village of Calliste, suffering six wounded and two killed in the ensuing firefight, including the commander of Company B. Following that, U.S. Navy air strikes and an artillery bombardment by 105mm howitzers targeting the main Cuban encampment eventually led to their surrender at 08:30. US forces pushed on into the village of Frequente, where they discovered\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392038\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Demographics of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Demographics of Grenada This article is about the demographic features of the population of Grenada, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the 2011 census Grenada has 105,539 inhabitants. The estimated population of is (). The fertility rate in Grenada was 2.21 in 2013. The vast majority of the population of Grenada are of African descent (89.4% at the 2001 census). There is also a significant mixed population (8.2%), along with a small European origin minority (0.4%), East Indians (1.6%), and there are small numbers\",\n \"psg_id\": \"155359\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election\",\n \"text\": \"1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October 1983 to replace incumbent Deputy Leader Denis Healey. Healey had served in the position since 1980, becoming deputy leader at the same time that Michael Foot became party leader. Foot and Healey had both announced their resignations after the general election on 9 June 1983, in which a disastrous performance left the Labour Party with just 209 seats in parliament. The election was conducted using the Labour party's electoral college. It was won by Roy Hattersley,\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18356437\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Dessima Williams\",\n \"text\": \"served as Grenada’s representative to the Organization of American States, Deputy Governor to the World Bank and Deputy Permanent Representative to the Inter-American Commission of Women. At the Organization of American States, she shepherded resolutions such as the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace, Development and Independence and promotion of small island states. At 32 years of ages she was named ambassador to the United States by Grenada's Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, whose murder Aug. 12, 1983, set off a bloody power struggle on the island nation that led to the US invasion of Grenada. The Reagan administration refused to\",\n \"psg_id\": \"7766903\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"United States invasion of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"been designed by Canadians, underwritten by the British government, and partly built by a London firm. The U.S. government accused Grenada of constructing facilities to aid a Soviet-Cuban military buildup in the Caribbean based upon the 9,000-foot length runway, which could accommodate the largest Soviet aircraft like the An-12, An-22, and the An-124, which would enhance the Soviet and Cuban transportation of weapons to Central American insurgents and expand Soviet regional influence. Bishop's government claimed that the airport was built to accommodate commercial aircraft carrying tourists, pointing out that such jets could not land at Pearls Airport on the island's\",\n \"psg_id\": \"1392015\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of Grenada\",\n \"text\": \"Order of Grenada The Order of Grenada is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \\\"National Honours and Awards Act\\\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. The order recognises distinguished and outstanding service or meritorious service or achievement, or for gallantry. Nationals of Grenada and non-nationals may receive this Order. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in\",\n \"psg_id\": \"18902223\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Military of Puerto Rico\",\n \"text\": \"Puerto Rico as a base to rehearse and launch military operations in Latin America and throughout the world. Operations launched from Puerto Rico include the 1954 intervention in Guatemala; the 1965 invasion of the Dominican Republic; the 1983 invasion of Grenada; the 1989 invasion of Panama; support of Salvadoran military; preparation for operation Desert Storm and Desert Fox in Iraq; and preparation for the War in Yugoslavia. Near Aguada the US marine operates a LF-transmitter with a 367.3 metres tall guyed mast, the tallest man-made object in the Caribbean area . Military of Puerto Rico The military defense of Puerto\",\n \"psg_id\": \"316303\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Soviet invasion of Xinjiang\",\n \"text\": \"planes for about 30 days. When reports that the Chinese forces had defeated and killed the Soviets reached Chinese prisoners in Urumqi, they were reportedly so jubilant that they jumped around in their cells. Ma Hushan, Deputy Divisional Commander of the 36th division, became well known for victories over Russian forces during the invasion. At this point, Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang Shaohong and his expeditionary force which he assembled to assist Ma Zhongying against Sheng, but when Chiang heard about the Soviet invasion, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged\",\n \"psg_id\": \"14652064\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Wyatt Cenac\",\n \"text\": \"moving to Los Angeles. As of October 2014, Cenac lives in Fort Greene, Brooklyn and previously lived in Prospect Heights during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Cenac is the nephew of the Hon. Mr. Justice Dunbar Cenac, Registry of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. His father was the cousin of former deputy prime minister of Grenada Bernard Coard, who was imprisoned for 25 years following the American invasion of Grenada in October 1983. Cenac's paternal 3x-great-grandfather Cherebin Cenac was an officer from Agen, France on a French battleship during the Napoleonic Wars who settled in Soufrière, Saint Lucia. Cherebin's youngest child\",\n \"psg_id\": \"12129101\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"Order of the National Hero (Grenada)\",\n \"text\": \"Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \\\"National Honours and Awards Act\\\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand\",\n \"psg_id\": \"19434657\"\n },\n {\n \"title\": \"John W. Nicholson Jr.\",\n \"text\": \"general officer in the United States Army, distantly related to British Brigadier John Nicholson (1822–1857). John W. Nicholson Jr. graduated from West Point in 1982 and was commissioned into the infantry. He earned a Bronze Star with \\\"V\\\" device as a paratroop lieutenant during the invasion of Grenada in 1983. He was a strategist for Eric Shinseki at the point of the 9/11 attacks. He went on to do six tours in Afghanistan. Nicholson was the deputy director of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization. He became commander of the 82nd Airborne Division in 2012. 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which has the highest population, rode island or south dakota? | [
{
"title": "Woonsocket, South Dakota",
"text": "Woonsocket, South Dakota Woonsocket is a city in Sanborn County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 655 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Sanborn County. Woonsocket was developed in 1883 as a railroad town because of its location at the junction on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul Railroad. C.H. Prior, the superintendent of the railroad, named the town Woonsocket after his home town of Woonsocket, Rhode Island. The town was incorporated in 1888. Woonsocket was known for artesian well which was drilled in 1888. It was claimed that in its prime, the well flowed",
"psg_id": "1224389"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "fewer residents. As of 2015, South Dakota had an estimated population of 858,469, an increase of 44,289, or 5.44%, since the year 2010. 7.3% of South Dakota's population was reported as under 5, 24% under 18, and 14.3% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 50.2% of the population. As of the 2000 census, South Dakota ranked fifth-lowest in the nation in population and population density. Of the people residing in South Dakota, 65.7% were born in South Dakota, 31.4% were born in another U.S. state, 0.6% were born in Puerto Rico, U.S. Island areas, or born abroad to",
"psg_id": "361337"
},
{
"title": "Geography of South Dakota",
"text": "American Indians, largely Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota (Sioux) are predominant in several counties, mostly in the western part of the state. South Dakota has the third-highest proportion of Native Americans of any state. Rural areas in South Dakota are experiencing a trend of falling populations, despite an overall increase in population. The effect of rural flight has not been spread evenly through South Dakota, however. Although most rural counties and small towns have lost population, the Sioux Falls area and the Black Hills have gained population. In fact, Lincoln County, near Sioux Falls, is the ninth fastest-growing county (by percentage)",
"psg_id": "11394485"
},
{
"title": "Demographics of South Dakota",
"text": "also large Scandinavian populations in some counties. South Dakota has the nation's largest population of Hutterites, a communal Anabaptist group who emigrated from Europe in 1874. About one hundred Hutterite families came from Russia to Dakota Territory, then left for Canada to escape military conscription during the First World War. Many families returned to South Dakota and today about 35 colonies exist in the state. (Approximately another 40 colonies are in other U.S. states and 200 in Canada.) American Indians, largely Lakota, Dakota, and Nakota (Sioux) are predominant in several counties. South Dakota has the third highest proportion of Native",
"psg_id": "11391679"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "while 1.51% speak Lakota or Dakota, and 1.43% Spanish. As of 2010, 93.46% (692,504) of South Dakota residents aged 5 and older spoke English as their primary language. 6.54% of the population spoke a language other than English. 2.06% (15,292) of the population spoke Spanish, 1.39% (10,282) spoke Dakota, and 1.37% (10,140) spoke German. Other languages spoken included Vietnamese (0.16%), Chinese (0.12%), and Russian (0.10%). Over the last several decades, the population in many rural areas has declined in South Dakota, in common with other Great Plains states. The change has been characterized as \"rural flight\" as family farming has",
"psg_id": "361342"
},
{
"title": "Rock Island Depot (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)",
"text": "Rock Island Depot (Sioux Falls, South Dakota) The Rock Island Depot is a historic railroad station located at 201 East 10th Street in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The station opened in 1886 to serve the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway, a predecessor of the Rock Island. The ashlar and wood building has a Richardsonian Romanesque design with a side-facing stone gable and an octagonal turret. The interior of the station includes a waiting room, a ticket office, and the station agent's quarters. As the railroad network spread through South Dakota, Sioux Falls became the state's primary commercial and transportation",
"psg_id": "18359705"
},
{
"title": "Dakota Dunes, South Dakota",
"text": "Dakota Dunes, South Dakota Dakota Dunes is an unincorporated community, master-planned residential and commercial development covering about in Union County in the extreme southeast corner of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The development is sandwiched between the Big Sioux River and the Missouri River. The nearest incorporated municipality is North Sioux City, South Dakota, with which Dakota Dunes shares the zip code 57049. Dakota Dunes is about five miles (8 km) west of downtown Sioux City, Iowa. As of March 31, 2013, its population stood at 2,688. Law enforcement is provided by the Union County Sheriff. Dakota Dunes has",
"psg_id": "7582934"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "own cultures' contributions. The South Dakota Board of Regents, whose members are appointed by the governor, controls the six public universities in the state. South Dakota State University (SDSU), in Brookings, is the state's largest university, with an enrollment of 12,831. The University of South Dakota (USD), in Vermillion, is the state's oldest university, and has South Dakota's only law school and medical school. South Dakota also has several private universities, the largest of which is Augustana College in Sioux Falls. Because of its low population, South Dakota does not host any major league professional sports franchises. The state has",
"psg_id": "361373"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "host Bob Barker spent much of his childhood in Mission, and entertainment news hosts Pat O'Brien and Mary Hart are from Sioux Falls. As of 2006, South Dakota has a total primary and secondary school enrollment of 136,872, with 120,278 of these students being educated in the public school system. There are 703 public schools in 168 school districts, giving South Dakota the highest number of schools per capita in the United States. The current high school graduation rate is 89.9%, and the average ACT score is 21.8, slightly above the national average of 21.1. 89.8% of the adult population",
"psg_id": "361371"
},
{
"title": "Kennebec, South Dakota",
"text": "Kennebec, South Dakota Kennebec is a town in Lyman County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 240 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Lyman County. Kennebec was laid out in 1905. Kennebec has served as county seat of Lyman County since 1922. The courthouse dates from 1925. The highways that run in or near Kennebec are east-west Interstate 90 and South Dakota State Highway 273, which is a north-south highway. The one main transportation for Kennebec is by road (Interstate 90, State Highway 273), as there is no airport, municipal or commercial. Kennebec is located",
"psg_id": "1218356"
},
{
"title": "Lennox, South Dakota",
"text": "and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. It is a part of the Lennox School District 41-4, which operates Lennox Elementary/LWC Intermediate, and LWC Junior High School/Lennox High School. Lennox, South Dakota Lennox is a city in Lincoln County, South Dakota, United States. Located 20 milles south west from largest South Dakota city, Sioux Falls. The population was 2,111 at the 2010 census. The city has the name of Ben Lennox, a railroad official. Lennox is located at (43.353769, -96.895489). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land.",
"psg_id": "1218342"
},
{
"title": "Sisseton, South Dakota",
"text": "the population were below the poverty line, including 23.6% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over. Sisseton Wahpeton College, a small college which is part of Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate, is located near Sisseton in Agency Village. The college offers undergraduate and vocational degrees. About 80% of the college's 250 students are Dakota people. The Sisseton School District has four schools: Sisseton High School, Sisseton Middle School, New Effington Elementary and Westside Elementary. Sisseton, South Dakota Sisseton is a city in Roberts County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,470 at the 2010 census.",
"psg_id": "1224358"
},
{
"title": "Loomis, South Dakota",
"text": "None of the population or families were below the poverty line. Loomis, South Dakota Loomis is a census-designated place (CDP) in Davison County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 34 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Mitchell, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. Loomis was laid out in 1902. Loomis is located at (43.793375, -98.105451). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 47 people, 18 households, and 14 families residing in the CDP. The population density was",
"psg_id": "1217453"
},
{
"title": "Antelope, South Dakota",
"text": "of families and 65.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 72.1% of those under age 18 and 63.4% of those age 65 or over. Antelope, South Dakota Antelope is a census-designated place (CDP) in Todd County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 826 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and 0.44% is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 867 people, 225 households, and 177 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 379.7 people per",
"psg_id": "1224513"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "South Dakota Badlands. Erosion from the Black Hills, marine skeletons which fell to the bottom of a large shallow sea that once covered the area, and volcanic material all contribute to the geology of this area. The Black Hills are in the southwestern part of South Dakota and extend into Wyoming. This range of low mountains covers , with peaks that rise from 2,000 to 4,000 feet (600 to 1,200 m) above their bases. The Black Hills are the location of Black Elk Peak (7,242 ft or 2,207 m above sea level), the highest point in South Dakota and also",
"psg_id": "361319"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "850,000. In 2006, tourism provided an estimated 33,000 jobs in the state and contributed over two billion dollars to the economy of South Dakota. South Dakota has of highways, roads, and streets, along with of interstate highways. Two major interstates pass through South Dakota: Interstate 90, which runs east and west through the southern half of the state; and Interstate 29, running north and south in the eastern portion of the state. The I-29 corridor features generally higher rates of population and economic growth than areas in eastern South Dakota further from the interstate. Also in the state are the",
"psg_id": "361349"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "highest precipitation at nearly per year. South Dakota summers bring frequent, sometimes severe, thunderstorms with high winds, thunder, and hail. The state's eastern part is often considered part of Tornado Alley, and South Dakota experiences an average of 30 tornadoes each year. Severe blizzards and ice storms occur often during winter. South Dakota has several sites administered by the National Park Service. Two national parks have been established in South Dakota, both in the state's southwestern part. Wind Cave National Park, established in 1903 in the Black Hills, has an extensive cave network as well as a large herd of",
"psg_id": "361324"
},
{
"title": "Rock Island Depot (Sioux Falls, South Dakota)",
"text": "hub due to its established station. The station served passenger trains through Sioux Falls until 1970. The station was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 15, 1974. Rock Island Depot (Sioux Falls, South Dakota) The Rock Island Depot is a historic railroad station located at 201 East 10th Street in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. The station opened in 1886 to serve the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railway, a predecessor of the Rock Island. The ashlar and wood building has a Richardsonian Romanesque design with a side-facing stone gable and an octagonal turret. The interior of",
"psg_id": "18359706"
},
{
"title": "Hillsview, South Dakota",
"text": "years of age or older. The median age was 64 years. There were 2 men and 1 woman. Hillsview, South Dakota Hillsview is a town in McPherson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 3 at the 2010 census. Hillsview is the least-populated municipality in South Dakota. The town was so named on account of its lofty elevation. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 3 people, 1 households, and 1 families residing in",
"psg_id": "1218469"
},
{
"title": "Spencer, South Dakota",
"text": "of eighteen and 14.8% of those sixty five or over. Spencer, South Dakota Spencer is a city in McCook County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 154 at the 2010 census. The city was almost destroyed by a violent F4 tornado on May 30, 1998 which killed 6. Spencer was laid out in 1887 when the railroad was extended to that point. The city was named for H. Spencer, a railroad official. A post office has been in operation in Spencer since 1887. On May 30, 1998, the most destructive and second deadliest tornado in South Dakota history struck",
"psg_id": "1218459"
},
{
"title": "Day County, South Dakota",
"text": "or over. The county is divided into twenty-eight townships: Day County, South Dakota Day County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,710. Its county seat is Webster. The county is named after Merritt H. Day, pioneer and 1879 Dakota Territory legislator. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (5.8%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 6,267 people, 2,586 households, and 1,688 families residing in the county. The population density was 6",
"psg_id": "914698"
},
{
"title": "Spink County, South Dakota",
"text": "65 or over. The county is divided into thirty-seven townships: Spink County, South Dakota Spink County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 6,415. Its county seat is Redfield. The county was created in 1873 and organized in 1879 within Dakota Territory. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 7,454 people, 2,847 households, and 1,933 families residing in the county. The population density was 5",
"psg_id": "914313"
},
{
"title": "Demographics of South Dakota",
"text": "Demographics of South Dakota South Dakota is the 46th-most populous U.S. state; in 2012, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated a population of about 833,354. The majority of South Dakotans are White, and the largest religion is Christianity. In 2010, 93.46% of the population spoke English as their primary language. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2012, South Dakota has an estimated population of 833,354, which is an increase of 2.4% from 2010. Females made up approximately 49.8% of the population. In 2011, 2.4% of the population was foreign born. In the same year, there were 71,125 veterans. The",
"psg_id": "11391673"
},
{
"title": "Dakota Dunes, South Dakota",
"text": "the town. Dakota Dunes, South Dakota Dakota Dunes is an unincorporated community, master-planned residential and commercial development covering about in Union County in the extreme southeast corner of the U.S. state of South Dakota. The development is sandwiched between the Big Sioux River and the Missouri River. The nearest incorporated municipality is North Sioux City, South Dakota, with which Dakota Dunes shares the zip code 57049. Dakota Dunes is about five miles (8 km) west of downtown Sioux City, Iowa. As of March 31, 2013, its population stood at 2,688. Law enforcement is provided by the Union County Sheriff. Dakota",
"psg_id": "7582936"
},
{
"title": "Aberdeen, South Dakota",
"text": "Aberdeen, South Dakota Aberdeen (Lakota: \"Ablíla\") is a city in and the county seat of Brown County, South Dakota, United States, about northeast of Pierre. The city population was 26,091 at the 2010 census, making it the third most populous city in the state after Sioux Falls and Rapid City. Aberdeen is the principal city of the Aberdeen Micropolitan Statistical Area, which includes all of Brown and Edmunds counties and has a population of 40,602 in 2010. Aberdeen is considered a college town, being the home of both Northern State University and Presentation College. Before Aberdeen or Brown County was",
"psg_id": "26176"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "economic development, many rural areas have been struggling over the past 50 years with locally declining populations and the emigration of educated young adults to larger South Dakota cities, such as Rapid City or Sioux Falls, or to other states. Mechanization and consolidation of agriculture has contributed greatly to the declining number of smaller family farms and the resulting economic and demographic challenges facing rural towns. The United States Census Bureau estimates the population of South Dakota was 858,469 on July 1, 2015, a 5.44% increase since the 2010 United States Census, only North Dakota, Alaska, Vermont, and Wyoming have",
"psg_id": "361336"
},
{
"title": "South Shore, South Dakota",
"text": "the town was $28,250, and the median income for a family was $36,875. Males had a median income of $25,313 versus $19,375 for females. The per capita income for the town was $21,341. About 5.1% of families and 7.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 9.5% of those sixty five or over. South Shore, South Dakota South Shore is a town in Codington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 227 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. South",
"psg_id": "1217358"
},
{
"title": "Cresbard, South Dakota",
"text": "which is 40 miles away. Ruth Wood, a retired school teacher and farm wife characterizes Cresbard as \"a place where we cannot lie about our age, our background or our school pranks. There will always be someone around who remembers all of the facts (or will supply them anyway). There is no need to put on airs or pretense.\" Cresbard, South Dakota Cresbard is a town in Faulk County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 104 at the 2010 census. Cresbard is located at (45.170570, -98.947921). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area",
"psg_id": "1217745"
},
{
"title": "Humboldt, South Dakota",
"text": "8.2% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over. Humboldt, South Dakota Humboldt is a town in Minnehaha County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 589 at the 2010 census. The first settlement at Humboldt was made in 1877. The town was named from its location in Humboldt Township. A post office called Humboldt has been in operation since 1889. Humboldt is located at (43.644933, -97.074320). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. Humboldt has been assigned",
"psg_id": "1218617"
},
{
"title": "Jones County, South Dakota",
"text": "Jones County, South Dakota Jones County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 1,006, making it the least populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Murdo. Created in 1916 and organized in 1917, it is the most recently established county in South Dakota. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.1%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,193 people, 509 households, and 327 families residing in the county. The population",
"psg_id": "914457"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "South Dakota South Dakota () is a U.S. state in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes, who compose a large portion of the population and historically dominated the territory. South Dakota is the seventeenth largest by area, but the fifth smallest by population and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States. As the southern part of the former Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with North Dakota. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population",
"psg_id": "361309"
},
{
"title": "Onaka, South Dakota",
"text": "Onaka, South Dakota Onaka (Dakota: \"oyanka\"; \"place\") is a town in Faulk County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 15 at the 2010 census. Onaka was founded in 1907 as a station stop on a branch line of the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway built that year between Conde and LeBeau, South Dakota. Railway service to Onaka ended in 1940. Onaka is located at (45.192560, -99.466932). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. Onaka has been assigned the ZIP code 57466 and",
"psg_id": "1217752"
},
{
"title": "Hillsview, South Dakota",
"text": "Hillsview, South Dakota Hillsview is a town in McPherson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 3 at the 2010 census. Hillsview is the least-populated municipality in South Dakota. The town was so named on account of its lofty elevation. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 3 people, 1 households, and 1 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 2 housing units at an average density of .",
"psg_id": "1218466"
},
{
"title": "Wetonka, South Dakota",
"text": "family was $25,417. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $0 for females. The per capita income for the town was $13,144. None of the population or families were below the poverty line. Wetonka, South Dakota Wetonka (Dakota: \"wi-tȟáŋka\"; \"Big Sun\") is a town in McPherson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 8 at the 2010 census. Wetonka was laid out in 1906. Wetonka is located at (45.624539, -98.768932). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 8",
"psg_id": "1218487"
},
{
"title": "Transportation in South Dakota",
"text": "county of origin. Counties 1–9 are ranked by 1950 population, and counties 10–64 are numbered alphabetically. Studded tires are permitted to be used from October 1 to April 30, except on school buses and fire vehicles which are permitted year round. Transportation in South Dakota This article describes transportation in the U.S. state of South Dakota. South Dakota has a total of of highways, roads, and streets, along with of interstate highways. South Dakota and Montana are the only states sharing a land border which is not traversed by a paved road. Two major interstates pass through South Dakota: Interstate",
"psg_id": "13131700"
},
{
"title": "Clark County, South Dakota",
"text": "of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over. The county is divided into twenty-five townships: Clark County, South Dakota Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,691. Its county seat is Clark. The county was created in 1873 and organized in 1881. It was named for Newton Clark, a South Dakota legislator in 1873. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. As of the census of",
"psg_id": "914734"
},
{
"title": "Douglas County, South Dakota",
"text": "10.9% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over. The county is divided into fourteen townships: Douglas County, South Dakota Douglas County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,002. Its county seat is Armour. The county was established in 1873 and organized in 1882. It is named for Stephen Douglas, of Illinois. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.4%) is water. It is the second-smallest county in South Dakota",
"psg_id": "914674"
},
{
"title": "Wolsey, South Dakota",
"text": "or over. Wolsey, South Dakota Wolsey is a town in Beadle County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 376 at the 2010 census. The first settlement at Wolsey was made in 1882. A post office has been in operation in Wolsey since 1883, the same year the town was platted. The township was organized the following year, in 1884. The town of Wolsey was named for Thomas Wolsey, an English cardinal. Wolsey is located at (44.408775, -98.474139). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and",
"psg_id": "1216955"
},
{
"title": "Episcopal Diocese of South Dakota",
"text": "Blessed Redeemer, in Howe Creek and Our Most Merciful Savior, in Santee. Its cathedral, Calvary Cathedral, is located in Sioux Falls. The Diocese of South Dakota has a unique multicultural membership and history. It has a special relationship with its Native American population. Approximately half of the 12,000 baptized Episcopalians in South Dakota are either Dakota or Lakota Sioux. The Diocese also includes two congregations composed of Sudanese immigrants in Sioux Falls. The bishops of South Dakota have been: Diocesan churches listed on the National Register of Historic Places include: Episcopal Diocese of South Dakota The Episcopal Diocese of South",
"psg_id": "11676312"
},
{
"title": "Hamill, South Dakota",
"text": "Oacoma, South Dakota through Roseland and beyond but the line was never built. Carrie Ingalls (sister of \"Little House on the Prairie\"'s Laura Ingalls Wilder) was transferred to the local newspaper; \"Roseland Review\" in 1910, from Pedro, South Dakota. Hamill, South Dakota Hamill is a census-designated place (CDP) in Tripp County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 11 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which is land and (2.40%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 11 people, 5 households, and 3",
"psg_id": "1224559"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "American parent(s), and 2.3% were born in another country. The center of population of South Dakota is in Buffalo County, in the unincorporated county seat of Gann Valley. According to the 2010 Census, the racial composition of the population was: Ethnically, 2.7% of South Dakota's population was of Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin (they may be of any race). As of 2011, 25.4% of South Dakota's population younger than age 1 were minorities, meaning they had at least one parent who was not non-Hispanic white. As of 2000, the five largest ancestry groups in South Dakota are German (40.7%), Norwegian",
"psg_id": "361338"
},
{
"title": "Marshall County, South Dakota",
"text": "capita income for the county was $22,441. About 9.3% of families and 17.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.6% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over. The county is divided into twenty-five townships: Marshall County, South Dakota Marshall County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,656. Its county seat is Britton. The county is named after Marshall Vincent, who homesteaded near Andover, South Dakota. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of",
"psg_id": "914419"
},
{
"title": "Elk Point, South Dakota",
"text": "of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 8.4% of those age 65 or over. Elk Point Public Schools are part of the Elk Point-Jefferson School District (South Dakota). The school district has one elementary school, one middle school, and one high school. Students attend Elk Point-Jefferson High School. Elk Point, South Dakota Elk Point is a city in Union County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 1,963 as of the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Union County. The British established a Hudson's Bay",
"psg_id": "1224640"
},
{
"title": "South Shore, South Dakota",
"text": "South Shore, South Dakota South Shore is a town in Codington County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 227 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. South Shore is located at (45.105087, -96.927985). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. South Shore has been assigned the ZIP code 57263 and the FIPS place code 59940. The town takes its name from its location on Punished Woman's Lake. As of the census of 2010, there were 225 people, 99 households,",
"psg_id": "1217353"
},
{
"title": "New Witten, South Dakota",
"text": "New Witten, South Dakota New Witten is a town in Tripp County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 79 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 79 people, 35 households, and 22 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 51 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.5% White and 2.5% from two or more races. There were 35 households of which",
"psg_id": "1224560"
},
{
"title": "White Horse, South Dakota",
"text": "income of $27,750 versus $25,000 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $6,963. About 31.4% of families and 41.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 53.9% of those under the age of 18 and none of those 65 or over. White Horse, South Dakota White Horse (Lakota: \"šuŋgská oyáŋke\"; \"White Horse Community\") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Todd County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 276 at the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3.2 square miles (8.3 km²), of which, 3.2",
"psg_id": "1224549"
},
{
"title": "Roubaix, South Dakota",
"text": "still be seen. The only remnants of the mills are a couple of bullwheels. However, the town still has a very small population. There are no businesses in the town. Roubaix is in the Black Hills of western Lawrence County, South Dakota, at the coordinates . It is located on the east side of US 385 along Elk Creek and is about 7 miles south of Pluma. Roubaix, South Dakota Roubaix (), formerly known as Perry or Lewisville, is an unincorporated community in Lawrence County, South Dakota, United States. It is not monitored by the U.S. Census Bureau. Roubaix was",
"psg_id": "17572401"
},
{
"title": "Hoven, South Dakota",
"text": "$38,750. Males had a median income of $25,250 versus $14,063 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,809. About 8.8% of families and 15.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 25.6% of those under age 18 and 21.1% of those age 65 or over. Hoven, South Dakota Hoven is a town in Potter County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 406 at the 2010 census. Hoven was laid out in 1883, and named after either Matt or Peter Hoven, first settlers. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total",
"psg_id": "1224301"
},
{
"title": "Volin, South Dakota",
"text": "for the town was $12,123. About 22.0% of families and 23.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.4% of those under the age of eighteen and 50.0% of those sixty five or over. Volin, South Dakota Volin (pronounced VAH'-lin) is a town in Yankton County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 161 at the 2010 census. Volin is located at (42.957852, -97.181049). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. A post office called Volin has been in operation since 1887. The town was named",
"psg_id": "1224733"
},
{
"title": "Davis, South Dakota",
"text": "population or families were below the poverty line. Davis, South Dakota Davis is a town in Turner County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 85 at the 2010 census. Davis was laid out in 1893, and named for a first settler. Davis is located at (43.257921, -96.993129). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. Davis has been assigned the ZIP code 57021 and the FIPS place code 15540. As of the census of 2010, there were 85 people, 41 households, and 24 families residing in the town.",
"psg_id": "1224590"
},
{
"title": "Letcher, South Dakota",
"text": "population were below the poverty line, including 42.9% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.7% of those sixty five or over. Letcher Public Schools are part of the Sanborn Central School District. The district includes an elementary school, middle school and high school. Students attend Sanborn Central High School. Letcher, South Dakota Letcher is a town in Sanborn County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 173 at the 2010 census. Letcher has the name of O. T. Letcher, a local landowner. Letcher is located at (43.897780, -98.139366). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has",
"psg_id": "1224388"
},
{
"title": "Hetland, South Dakota",
"text": "capita income for the town was $9,239. None of the population or families were below the poverty line. Hetland, South Dakota Hetland is a town in Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 46 at the 2010 census. A post office called Hetland was established in 1888, and remained in operation until it was discontinued in 1997. The town was named for John Hetland, a pioneer settler. Hetland is located at (44.376595, -97.234449). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. Hetland has been assigned the ZIP",
"psg_id": "1218186"
},
{
"title": "Roberts County, South Dakota",
"text": "Roberts County, South Dakota Roberts County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 10,149. Its county seat is Sisseton. The county was named either for S. G. Roberts of Fargo, North Dakota, or for Solomon Robar, an early local French fur trader. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (3.1%) is water. The Traverse Gap is located in Eastern Roberts County along the Minnesota border. The Lake Traverse Indian Reservation is also located in the county.",
"psg_id": "914328"
},
{
"title": "Faulk County, South Dakota",
"text": "age 65 or over. The county is divided into twenty eight townships: Faulk County, South Dakota Faulk County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,364. Its county seat is Faulkton. The county was founded in 1873 and organized in 1883. It is named for Andrew Jackson Faulk, the third Governor of Dakota Territory. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (2.4%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,640 people, 1,014 households,",
"psg_id": "914640"
},
{
"title": "Brandt, South Dakota",
"text": "Brandt, South Dakota Brandt is a town in Deuel County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 107 at the 2010 census. Brandt was laid out in 1884. The town was named for the Rev. P.O. Brandt. Brandt is located at (44.664256, -96.623601). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. Brandt has been assigned the ZIP code 57218, and the FIPS place code 06940. Brandt sits in the middle east of the county, and is 9 miles off I-29 which goes through the east side of South Dakota.",
"psg_id": "1217543"
},
{
"title": "McIntosh, South Dakota",
"text": "McIntosh, South Dakota McIntosh (Lakota: \"Maktáža\") is a city in and the county seat of Corson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 173 at the 2010 census. McIntosh was named for a sibling duo who worked for the railroad. McIntosh is located at (45.921649, -101.350171). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. McIntosh has been assigned the ZIP code 57641 and the FIPS place code 39940. McIntosh holds the record for the coldest record temperature in South Dakota (-58 degrees Fahrenheit), set February",
"psg_id": "1217386"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "have more in common with the West than the Midwest. South Dakota has a total area of , making the state the 17th largest in the Union. Black Elk Peak, formerly named Harney Peak, with an elevation of , is the state's highest point, while the shoreline of Big Stone Lake is the lowest, with an elevation of . South Dakota is bordered to the north by North Dakota; to the south by Nebraska; to the east by Iowa and Minnesota; and to the west by Wyoming and Montana. The geographical center of the U.S. is west of Castle Rock",
"psg_id": "361314"
},
{
"title": "South Dakota",
"text": "diminished from their former Great Sioux Reservation of West River, which the US government had once allocated to the Sioux tribes. South Dakota has the third-highest proportion of Native Americans of any state, behind Alaska and New Mexico. Five of the state's counties are wholly within the boundaries of sovereign Indian reservations. Because of the limitations of climate and land, and isolation from urban areas with more employment opportunities, living standards on many South Dakota reservations are often far below the national average; Ziebach County ranked as the poorest county in the nation in 2009. The unemployment rate in Fort",
"psg_id": "361340"
},
{
"title": "Brown County, South Dakota",
"text": "Brown County, South Dakota Brown County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 36,531, making it the fourth-most populous county in South Dakota. Its county seat is Aberdeen. The county is named after Alfred Brown, of Hutchinson County, South Dakota, a Dakota Territory legislator in 1879. Brown County is part of the Aberdeen, SD Micropolitan Statistical Area. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 35,460",
"psg_id": "914780"
},
{
"title": "Hand County, South Dakota",
"text": "Hand County, South Dakota Hand County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,431. Its county seat is Miller. Hand County was named for George A. Hand, territorial secretary. It was created in 1873 by the Dakota territorial legislature. The boundaries were finalized in 1882, the year it was organized. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.2%) is water. The 2010 census recorded a population of 3,431 in the county, with a population density of",
"psg_id": "914556"
},
{
"title": "Buffalo, South Dakota",
"text": "below the poverty line, including 8.9% of those under age 18 and 15.6% of those age 65 or over. Buffalo, South Dakota Buffalo is a town in Harding County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 330 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Harding County. Buffalo was established in 1909. It was named for the large herds of buffalo that once roamed the area. Buffalo, South Dakota, is located at (45.584845, -103.545001). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. Buffalo is categorized as being",
"psg_id": "1218011"
},
{
"title": "Estelline, South Dakota",
"text": "line, including 9.7% of those under age 18 and 22.2% of those age 65 or over. Estelline, South Dakota Estelline is a city in Hamlin County, South Dakota, United States. It is part of the Watertown, South Dakota Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 768 at the 2010 census. The current mascot for Estelline HS is the Redhawks. A post office was first established at Estelline in 1879. Estelline was platted in 1882. The city was named for a local farmer's daughter. Estelline is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area",
"psg_id": "1217931"
},
{
"title": "Avon, South Dakota",
"text": "65 or over. Avon Public Schools are part of the Avon School District. The district has one elementary school, one middle school and one high school. Students attend Avon High School. South Dakota Senator and 1972 Democratic presidential candidate George McGovern was born and raised in Avon until he was six, when his family moved to Mitchell. Avon, South Dakota Avon is a city in Bon Homme County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 590 at the 2010 census. Avon was founded in 1879. The community owes its name to Avon, New York, the hometown of an early postmaster.",
"psg_id": "1216980"
},
{
"title": "Parker, South Dakota",
"text": "females. The per capita income for the city was $17,225. About 7.7% of families and 7.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.7% of those under age 18 and 12.6% of those age 65 or over. Parker has hosted the Turner County Fair, the oldest county fair in South Dakota, for most of its years since the first fair in 1880. The Turner County Fair now hosts its own web site which is including not only the Fair's attractions but also its history, the school houses of Turner County, and annual grounds happenings. Parker, South Dakota Parker",
"psg_id": "1224621"
},
{
"title": "Scenic, South Dakota",
"text": "property. In 2014, Daniel Simmons-Ritchie of the \"Rapid City Journal\" wrote that the INC \"has done little with the town since its purchase.\" In April 2015, an INC minister moved to the area and soon afterwards began leading services for 10-15 congregants who live near Scenic. Scenic, South Dakota Scenic is an unincorporated community in Pennington County, South Dakota, United States. It is located within Scenic Township, which had a 2010 census population of 58 inhabitants. The community is located adjacent to the Badlands National Park, about southeast of Rapid City, or about one hour by car, along Highway 44.",
"psg_id": "4720726"
},
{
"title": "Gregory County, South Dakota",
"text": "since South Dakota statehood. Gregory County, South Dakota Gregory County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 4,271. Its county seat is Burke. The county was created in 1862 and organized in 1898. It was named for the politician J. Shaw Gregory. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (3.7%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,792 people, 2,022 households, and 1,290 families residing in the county. The population density was 5",
"psg_id": "914626"
},
{
"title": "Clark County, South Dakota",
"text": "Clark County, South Dakota Clark County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 3,691. Its county seat is Clark. The county was created in 1873 and organized in 1881. It was named for Newton Clark, a South Dakota legislator in 1873. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.0%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 4,143 people, 1,598 households, and 1,110 families residing in the county. The population density was 4 people",
"psg_id": "914728"
},
{
"title": "Onaka, South Dakota",
"text": "were no families and 6.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 20.0% of those over 64. Onaka, South Dakota Onaka (Dakota: \"oyanka\"; \"place\") is a town in Faulk County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 15 at the 2010 census. Onaka was founded in 1907 as a station stop on a branch line of the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railway built that year between Conde and LeBeau, South Dakota. Railway service to Onaka ended in 1940. Onaka is located at (45.192560, -99.466932). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has",
"psg_id": "1217757"
},
{
"title": "Milbank, South Dakota",
"text": "Milbank, South Dakota Milbank is a city in Grant County, South Dakota, along the South Fork of the Whetstone River. The population was 3,353 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Grant County. In 1925 The American Legion Department of South Dakota established a new program for high school aged youth that grew into a national program. Milbank is the birthplace of American Legion Baseball, which is played in all fifty states by more than five thousand teams. Milbank is located at (45.218583, -96.633721). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area",
"psg_id": "1217820"
},
{
"title": "Bradley, South Dakota",
"text": "per capita income for the town was $11,300. There were 12.5% of families and 10.0% of the population living below the poverty line, including no under eighteens and 13.5% of those over 64. Bradley, South Dakota Bradley is a town in Clark County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 72 at the 2010 census. Bradley is located at (45.089009, -97.641753). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. Bradley has been assigned the ZIP code 57217, and the FIPS place code 06660. Bradley, South Dakota is named after",
"psg_id": "1217271"
},
{
"title": "Kaylor, South Dakota",
"text": "Kaylor, South Dakota Kaylor is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hutchinson County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 47 at the 2010 census. The community's name is a corruption of Taylor, the name of a local rancher. Kaylor is located at (43.187620, -97.838380). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , of which, of it is land and of it (4.48%) is water. Kaylor has been assigned the ZIP code 57354. As of the census of 2000, there were 64 people, 29 households, and 18 families residing in the CDP. The population",
"psg_id": "1218044"
},
{
"title": "Claremont, South Dakota",
"text": "Claremont, South Dakota Claremont is a town in Brown County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 127 at the 2010 census. The town most likely was named after Claremont, New Hampshire. Claremont is located at (45.672635, -98.015844). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Claremont has been assigned the ZIP code 57432 and the FIPS place code 12100. As of the census of 2010, there were 127 people, 53 households, and 32 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were",
"psg_id": "1217079"
},
{
"title": "Letcher, South Dakota",
"text": "Letcher, South Dakota Letcher is a town in Sanborn County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 173 at the 2010 census. Letcher has the name of O. T. Letcher, a local landowner. Letcher is located at (43.897780, -98.139366). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which, of it is land and is water. As of the census of 2010, there were 173 people, 77 households, and 42 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 83 housing units at an average density of . The racial",
"psg_id": "1224383"
},
{
"title": "Carthage, South Dakota",
"text": "Carthage, South Dakota Carthage is a city in Miner County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 144 at the 2010 census. Carthage was platted in 1883. It was named after Carthage, New York. Carthage is located at (44.169550, -97.715801). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which, is land and is water. Carthage has been assigned the ZIP code 57323 and the FIPS place code 10220. As of the census of 2010, there were 144 people, 80 households, and 37 families residing in the city. The population density was .",
"psg_id": "1218531"
},
{
"title": "Claremont, South Dakota",
"text": "17.1% of families and 19.9% of the population living below the poverty line, including 25.0% of under eighteens and 16.0% of those over 64. Claremont, South Dakota Claremont is a town in Brown County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 127 at the 2010 census. The town most likely was named after Claremont, New Hampshire. Claremont is located at (45.672635, -98.015844). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and is water. Claremont has been assigned the ZIP code 57432 and the FIPS place code 12100. As of",
"psg_id": "1217084"
},
{
"title": "Egan, South Dakota",
"text": "and the median income for a family was $30,000. Males had a median income of $25,357 versus $17,188 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,392. About 1.4% of families and 5.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.2% of those under the age of eighteen and 20.0% of those sixty five or over. Egan, South Dakota Egan is a city in Moody County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 278 at the 2010 census. The city has the name of a railroad employee. Egan is located at (43.998971, -96.649434), along the Big",
"psg_id": "1218667"
},
{
"title": "Redfield, South Dakota",
"text": "income of $27,566 versus $20,938 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,505. About 9.6% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.9% of those under age 18 and 11.8% of those age 65 or over. Redfield, South Dakota Redfield is a city in and the county seat of Spink County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,333 at the 2010 census. The city was named for J. B. Redfield, a railroad official. Redfield is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total",
"psg_id": "1224476"
},
{
"title": "Okaton, South Dakota",
"text": "income for a family was $30,625. Males had a median income of $11,250 versus $28,750 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $13,859. None of the population or families were below the poverty line. Okaton, South Dakota Okaton is a hamlet in Jones County, South Dakota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 36. It is the location of a ghost town exhibit. Okaton had its start in 1906 by the building of the Milwaukee Railroad through that territory. Okaton is located at (43.88706, -100.89239). According to the United States Census Bureau, Okaton has",
"psg_id": "1218149"
},
{
"title": "Marty, South Dakota",
"text": "Males had a median income of $16,964 versus $26,250 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $5,917. About 43.1% of families and 40.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 44.2% of those under age 18 and 25.0% of those age 65 or over. Marty, South Dakota Marty is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charles Mix County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 402 at the 2010 census. The community has the name of Martin Marty, a Roman Catholic bishop. Marty is located at (42.991203, -98.430509). According to the United States Census Bureau, the",
"psg_id": "1217236"
},
{
"title": "Colome, South Dakota",
"text": "of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.1% of those under age 18 and 11.7% of those age 65 or over. Colome was laid out in 1905, and named by two brothers, founders of the town who gave it their family name, Colome. In June 1978 the final train passed through Colome on its way back to Norfolk and the railway line was abandoned. Colome, South Dakota Colome is a city in Tripp County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 296 as of the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a",
"psg_id": "1224555"
},
{
"title": "Colome, South Dakota",
"text": "Colome, South Dakota Colome is a city in Tripp County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 296 as of the 2010 census. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 296 people, 140 households, and 79 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 174 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 93.9% White, 3.7% Native American, 0.7% Asian, and 1.7% from two or more races. There were",
"psg_id": "1224550"
},
{
"title": "Tulare, South Dakota",
"text": "median income of $23,500 versus $20,893 for females. The per capita income for the town was $18,303. About 12.7% of families and 18.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 57.6% of those under the age of eighteen and 11.9% of those sixty five or over. Tulare, South Dakota Tulare (pronounced too-LAYR') is a town in Spink County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 207 at the 2010 census. Tulare was laid out in 1883. Tulare is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of",
"psg_id": "1224482"
},
{
"title": "Conde, South Dakota",
"text": "females. The per capita income for the city was $17,481. About 7.4% of families and 15.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.8% of those under the age of eighteen and 10.0% of those sixty five or over. Conde, South Dakota Conde is a city in Spink County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 140 at the 2010 census. Conde was platted in 1886. It was named after the Princes of Condé of France. A post office called Conde has been in operation since 1892. Conde is located at (45.156702, -98.098519). According to the United States",
"psg_id": "1224444"
},
{
"title": "Hoven, South Dakota",
"text": "Hoven, South Dakota Hoven is a town in Potter County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 406 at the 2010 census. Hoven was laid out in 1883, and named after either Matt or Peter Hoven, first settlers. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 406 people, 187 households, and 111 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 221 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.0%",
"psg_id": "1224296"
},
{
"title": "Kennebec, South Dakota",
"text": "$36,875, and the median income for a family was $50,000. Males had a median income of $26,161 versus $17,813 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,815. About 3.9% of families and 8.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.1% of those under the age of eighteen and 5.2% of those sixty five or over. Kennebec, South Dakota Kennebec is a town in Lyman County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 240 at the 2010 census. It is the county seat of Lyman County. Kennebec was laid out in 1905. Kennebec has served",
"psg_id": "1218362"
},
{
"title": "Erwin, South Dakota",
"text": "for a family was $33,125. Males had a median income of $18,750 versus $16,875 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,661. None of the population or families were below the poverty line. Erwin, South Dakota Erwin is a town in Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 45 at the 2010 census. A post office has been in operation at Erwin since 1882. The town site was platted in 1887. James Erwin Hollister, an early postmaster, gave the town his name. Erwin is located at (44.487051, -97.442543). According to the United States Census Bureau,",
"psg_id": "1218180"
},
{
"title": "Bancroft, South Dakota",
"text": "population or families were below the poverty line. Bancroft, South Dakota Bancroft is a town in northwest Kingsbury County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 19 at the 2010 census. Bancroft had its start in the late 1880s when the railroad was extended to that point. The town most likely was named after L. L. Bancroft, a local newspaper publisher. A post office was established at Bancroft in 1889. Bancroft is located on the west bank of Redstone Creek and about seven miles north of US Route 14. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a",
"psg_id": "1218161"
},
{
"title": "Geddes, South Dakota",
"text": "15.5% of families and 13.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.3% of those under the age of eighteen and 23.6% of those sixty five or over. Geddes, South Dakota Geddes is a city in Charles Mix County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 208 at the 2010 census. Geddes was laid out in 1900. Geddes is located at . According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. As of the census of 2010, there were 208 people, 110 households, and 57 families residing in the city.",
"psg_id": "1217225"
},
{
"title": "Blackhawk, South Dakota",
"text": "were below the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over. Black Hawk is home to one elementary school, the current building was built in 1984 to house the expanding population. Black Hawk Elementary is included in the Rapid City School District. Blackhawk, South Dakota Black Hawk (sometimes Blackhawk) is an unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in Meade County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 2,892 at the 2010 census. Black Hawk has been assigned the ZIP code of 57718. Located along Interstate 90, Black Hawk is part of the Rapid",
"psg_id": "1218492"
},
{
"title": "Bowdle, South Dakota",
"text": "for a family was $34,091. Males had a median income of $23,750 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,756. About 12.3% of families and 16.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 16.5% of those age 65 or over. Bowdle, South Dakota Bowdle is a city in Edmunds County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 502 at the 2010 census. Bowdle was platted in 1886. Bowdle is located at (45.451658, -99.657759). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area",
"psg_id": "1217679"
},
{
"title": "Canistota, South Dakota",
"text": "About 8.0% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.2% of those under age 18 and 16.8% of those age 65 or over. Canistota Public Schools belong to the Canistota School District. The Canistota School District has one elementary school that serves grades kindergarten through sixth grade, and one high school that serves seventh grade through twelfth grade. Students attend Canistota High School. Canistota, South Dakota Canistota is a city in McCook County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 656 at the 2010 census. Canistota is known for chiropractic services, especially the longstanding",
"psg_id": "1218435"
},
{
"title": "Perkins County, South Dakota",
"text": "Michael Dukakis during the drought-affected 1988 election. Perkins County, South Dakota Perkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,982. Its county seat is Bison. The county was established in 1908 and organized in 1909. It was named for Sturgis, South Dakota, official Henry E. Perkins. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.7%) is water. It is the second-largest county by area in South Dakota, behind Meade County. Shadehill Reservoir, a large impoundment on",
"psg_id": "914349"
},
{
"title": "Perkins County, South Dakota",
"text": "Perkins County, South Dakota Perkins County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,982. Its county seat is Bison. The county was established in 1908 and organized in 1909. It was named for Sturgis, South Dakota, official Henry E. Perkins. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.7%) is water. It is the second-largest county by area in South Dakota, behind Meade County. Shadehill Reservoir, a large impoundment on the Grand River, is located in Perkins",
"psg_id": "914342"
},
{
"title": "Demographics of South Dakota",
"text": "the Rapid City metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 124,766 in 2009. The MSA includes the counties of Pennington and Meade and is anchored to Rapid City. The most populous county in South Dakota is Minnehaha, which has an estimated 175,037 residents. The least populous county is Jones, with a population of about 1,013. In 2012, the Census Bureau estimated that 86.2% of South Dakotans were White, 8.9% were American Indian or Alaskan Native, 3.1% were Hispanic or Latino, 1.7% were Black or African American, 1.1% were Asian, and 0.1% were Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian. 2.1% of",
"psg_id": "11391677"
},
{
"title": "Scotland, South Dakota",
"text": "About 7.4% of families and 11.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.1% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those age 65 or over. Scotland School District 4-3 operates the town's school. Scotland, South Dakota Scotland is a city in Bon Homme County, South Dakota, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 841. Scotland was laid out in 1879. Scottish immigrants named it for their native country of Scotland. Scotland is located at (43.149108, -97.718460). South Dakota Highway 25 runs north-south through the town. According to the United States Census Bureau,",
"psg_id": "1216986"
},
{
"title": "Kyle, South Dakota",
"text": "Kyle, South Dakota Kyle (Lakota: \"phežúta ȟaká\"; \"Branched Medicine\") is a census-designated place (CDP) in Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota, United States. Its population was 846 at the 2010 census. Located within the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation of the Oglala Lakota, it is one of two settlements which are closest to the North American continental pole of inaccessibility. The community was named for James H. Kyle, a Senator from South Dakota. Kyle is located at (43.426652, -102.175677). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all of it land. In North America, the",
"psg_id": "1224397"
},
{
"title": "Spencer, South Dakota",
"text": "Spencer, South Dakota Spencer is a city in McCook County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 154 at the 2010 census. The city was almost destroyed by a violent F4 tornado on May 30, 1998 which killed 6. Spencer was laid out in 1887 when the railroad was extended to that point. The city was named for H. Spencer, a railroad official. A post office has been in operation in Spencer since 1887. On May 30, 1998, the most destructive and second deadliest tornado in South Dakota history struck Spencer. It began as a large, dust-cloaked tornado NW of",
"psg_id": "1218452"
},
{
"title": "Wilmot, South Dakota",
"text": "Wilmot, South Dakota Wilmot is a city in Roberts County, South Dakota, United States. The population was 492 at the 2010 census. Wilmot, as well as Brookings, SD, were named for Wilmot Brookings, who was provisional governor of the Dakota Territory. The Wilmot School's mascot is The Wolves. The local paper is the Wilmot Enterprise. Wilmot has the name of a pioneer settler. Wilmot is located in Roberts County, South Dakota. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all of it land. Wilmot has been assigned the ZIP code 57279 and the",
"psg_id": "1224371"
},
{
"title": "Hecla, South Dakota",
"text": "Hecla, South Dakota Hecla is a city in Brown County, South Dakota, United States, located only a few miles south of the North Dakota border. The population was 227 at the 2010 census. State Highway 37 runs along the east side of town. Hecla was platted in 1886. It was named after Hekla, a stratovolcano in Iceland. A post office has been in operation in Hecla since 1886. Hecla was the first place to have a soil conservation district in South Dakota. Hecla is located at (45.882018, -98.151810). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total",
"psg_id": "1217104"
},
{
"title": "Faulk County, South Dakota",
"text": "Faulk County, South Dakota Faulk County is a county located in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2010 census, the population was 2,364. Its county seat is Faulkton. The county was founded in 1873 and organized in 1883. It is named for Andrew Jackson Faulk, the third Governor of Dakota Territory. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (2.4%) is water. As of the census of 2000, there were 2,640 people, 1,014 households, and 708 families residing in the county. The population density was 3",
"psg_id": "914634"
}
] | [
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what was oliver reed's real first name? | [
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "Oliver Reed Robert Oliver Reed (13 February 1938 – 2 May 1999) was an English actor known for his upper-middle class, macho image, hellraiser lifestyle, and \"tough guy\" roles. Notable films include \"The Trap\" (1966), playing Bill Sikes in the Best Picture Oscar winner \"Oliver!\" (1968), \"Women in Love\" (1969), \"Hannibal Brooks\" (1969), \"The Devils\" (1971), portraying Athos in \"The Three Musketeers\" (1973), \"Tommy\" (1975), \"Lion of the Desert\" (1981), \"Castaway\" (1986), \"The Adventures of Baron Munchausen\" (1988) and \"Funny Bones\" (1995). For playing Antonius Proximo, an old, gruff gladiator trainer in Ridley Scott's \"Gladiator\" (2000) in what was his",
"psg_id": "2167673"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "Reed, and grandson of the actor-manager Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree and his mistress, May Pinney Reed. His other grandmother was Beatrice Reed, \"the only person who understood, listened to, encouraged and kissed Oliver\". Reed claimed to have been a descendant (through an illegitimate step) of Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia. Reed attended 14 schools, including Ewell Castle School in Surrey. Oliver's brother Simon Reed, a sports journalist, works for British Eurosport. \"\"My father thought I was just lazy,\" Reed later said. \"He thought I was a dunce.\" Reed worked as a boxer, a bouncer, a cabdriver and a hospital",
"psg_id": "2167675"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Marshall",
"text": "reorganized the process for the Legislature to consider appropriations bills. His house at New Cumberland, West Virginia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. Oliver S. Marshall Oliver S. Marshall (1850–1934) was the Republican President of the West Virginia Senate from Hancock County and served from 1899 to 1901. Oliver S. Marshall was born in Fairview, now New Manchester, West Virginia on September 24, 1850, to James G. and Lavinia Miller Marshall. He was the great grandson of Aaron Marshall, a pioneer settler about 1760 of what is now Hancock County. He attended West Liberty Normal",
"psg_id": "9755132"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Marshall",
"text": "Oliver S. Marshall Oliver S. Marshall (1850–1934) was the Republican President of the West Virginia Senate from Hancock County and served from 1899 to 1901. Oliver S. Marshall was born in Fairview, now New Manchester, West Virginia on September 24, 1850, to James G. and Lavinia Miller Marshall. He was the great grandson of Aaron Marshall, a pioneer settler about 1760 of what is now Hancock County. He attended West Liberty Normal School and graduated from Bethany College in 1878. He married Elizabeth Tarr on September 8, 1880, they had two children, John and Olive. After the death of Elizabeth,",
"psg_id": "9755130"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "his second film with Winner, alongside Michael Crawford. After playing a villain in a horror movie, \"The Shuttered Room\" (1967) he did a third with Winner, \"I'll Never Forget What's'isname\" (1967), co-starring with Orson Welles. Reed was reunited with Russell for another TV movie, \"Dante's Inferno\" (1968), playing Dante Gabriel Rossetti . Reed became a star playing Bill Sikes in \"Oliver!\" (1968), alongside Ron Moody, Shani Wallis, Mark Lester, Jack Wild and Harry Secombe, in his uncle Carol Reed's screen version of the successful stage musical. It was a huge hit and Reed's performance much acclaimed. He was in the",
"psg_id": "2167682"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "glass of whisky poured over his head on-camera by an enraged Shelley Winters (Winters had been upset by Reed's derogatory comments toward women). David Letterman cut to a commercial when Reed became belligerent after being asked too many questions about his drinking on 5 August 1987, during his appearance on \"Late Night with David Letterman\". Reed was held partly responsible for the demise of BBC1's \"Sin on Saturday\" after some typically forthright comments on the subject of lust, the sin featured on the first programme. The show had many other problems, and a fellow guest revealed that Reed recognised this",
"psg_id": "2167699"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "\"Burnt Offerings\" (1976). He was in \"The Sell Out\" (1976) and \"The Great Scout & Cathouse Thursday\" (1976) with Lee Marvin. After \"Assault in Paradise\" (1977) he returned to swashbuckling in \"Crossed Swords\" (UK title \"The Prince and the Pauper\") (1977), as Miles Hendon alongside Raquel Welch and a grown up Mark Lester, who had worked with Reed in \"Oliver!\", from a script co written by Fraser. Reed did \"Tomorrow Never Comes\" (1978) for Peter Colinson and \"The Big Sleep\" (1978) with Winner. He and Jackson were reunited in \"The Class of Miss MacMichael\" (1978), then he made a film",
"psg_id": "2167687"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "associated with country of origin. All information included in the list below has been drawn from the referenced articles without input from other external sources. \"Reed\" is an uncommon male and female given name. In the United States, \"Reed\" fluctuated among ranks of 400th to 1100th from 1881 through 2006, showing peaks in 1995 (rank 414) and 1949 (417) and a nadir in 1886 (1079). Information for other countries has insufficient depth to detect use of \"Reed\" as a given name. Reed (name) Reed may be either a surname or given name. \"Reed\" is commonly believed to be a nickname-derived",
"psg_id": "11671036"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Powell",
"text": "the sawmill. Oliver S. Powell Oliver S. Powell was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from September 1, 1850, until June 30, 1852. Powell was born in Madrid, New York June 19, 1830. He was a farmer. Powell served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1870 to 1872 and was a Republican. He and his brother, Nathaniel, co-founded what is now River Falls, Wisconsin. Oliver owned a farm there and his brother built a sawmill there. Powell died on September 26, 1888 after being severely",
"psg_id": "19214825"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Powell",
"text": "Oliver S. Powell Oliver S. Powell was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from September 1, 1850, until June 30, 1852. Powell was born in Madrid, New York June 19, 1830. He was a farmer. Powell served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1870 to 1872 and was a Republican. He and his brother, Nathaniel, co-founded what is now River Falls, Wisconsin. Oliver owned a farm there and his brother built a sawmill there. Powell died on September 26, 1888 after being severely injured at",
"psg_id": "19214824"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "Reed (name) Reed may be either a surname or given name. \"Reed\" is commonly believed to be a nickname-derived surname referring to a person's complexion or hair being ruddy or red. At least one example of the Reed surname, that originating in the County of Northumberland in northern England, is derived from a location, the valley of Redesdale and the River Rede that runs through it. In the United States, Reed was adopted by some Pennsylvania Dutch (German) families in the 18th century, notably that of John Reed (Johannes Reith), a former Hessian soldier from Raboldshausen, Germany, who made the",
"psg_id": "11671028"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "film's nomination for the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture with the rest of the principal players. In addition to acting, Reed released several singles in the popular music vein, though with limited success. These included \"Wild One\"/\"Lonely for a Girl\" (1961), \"Sometimes\"/\"Ecstasy\" (1962), \"Baby It's Cold Outside\" (duet with Joyce Blair) and \"Wild Thing\" (1992) (duet with snooker ace Alex Higgins). Oliver also later narrated a track called \"Walpurgis Nacht\" by heavy metal band Death SS. In 1959–1960, Reed married Kate Byrne. The couple had one son, Mark, before their divorce",
"psg_id": "2167693"
},
{
"title": "Ricky Reed Is Real",
"text": "in the trailer for the upcoming comedy film \"That Awkward Moment\" (2014). All songs produced by Eric Frederic (Ricky Reed). Credits for \"Ricky Reed Is Real\" adapted from AllMusic. Ricky Reed Is Real Ricky Reed Is Real is the second studio album and debut major-label release by American hip hop and pop music project Wallpaper. The album was released on July 23, 2013 to stores and digital retailers through Boardwalk Records and Epic Records. \"Good 4 It\" was released as the lead single on March 12, 2013. \"Hesher\" was released as the second single off of the album in January",
"psg_id": "17419495"
},
{
"title": "Ricky Reed Is Real",
"text": "Ricky Reed Is Real Ricky Reed Is Real is the second studio album and debut major-label release by American hip hop and pop music project Wallpaper. The album was released on July 23, 2013 to stores and digital retailers through Boardwalk Records and Epic Records. \"Good 4 It\" was released as the lead single on March 12, 2013. \"Hesher\" was released as the second single off of the album in January 2014. \"Drunken Hearts\" was released as the first promotional single off of the album on June 18, 2013 along with the pre-order of the album. The song was used",
"psg_id": "17419494"
},
{
"title": "Oliver (given name)",
"text": "\"Oilibhéir\", Scottish Gaelic \"Oilvreis\", Italian \"Oliviero\", Spanish \"Óliver\". The name was introduced to England by the Normans. It was commonly used in medieval England, but became rare after the Restoration, because of the unpopularity of Oliver Cromwell. The name was revived in the 19th century, possibly inspired by the title character of Dickens' \"Oliver Twist\" (1838). Pet forms of the English given name include \"Ollie\" and \"Noll\". In 2013 it was the fifth most popular name for boys in Australia. Oliver (given name) Oliver is a masculine given name of Old French origin; \"Oliver\" is one of Charlemagne's retainers in",
"psg_id": "14342430"
},
{
"title": "Irving S. Reed",
"text": "Irving S. Reed Irving Stoy Reed (November 12, 1923 – September 11, 2012) was a mathematician and engineer. He is best known for co-inventing a class of algebraic error-correcting and error-detecting codes known as Reed–Solomon codes in collaboration with Gustave Solomon. He also co-invented the Reed–Muller code. Reed made many contributions to areas of electrical engineering including radar, signal processing, and image processing. He was part of the team that built the MADDIDA, guidance system for Northrop's Snark cruise missile – one of the first digital computers. He developed and introduced the now-standard Register Transfer Language to the computer community",
"psg_id": "5438678"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "treachery hurried him unprepared to his end.\" Many Norwegians use a last name derived from their family farm or town. Reed is a village in Sogn og Fjordane county in Norway. As of 2010, 325 share the surname Reed. At the time of the United Kingdom Census of 1881, the frequency of the surname \"Reed\" was highest in the following counties: As of 2014, the frequency of the surname was highest in the following countries and territories: As of 2014, 78.4% of all known bearers of the surname \"Reed\" were residents of the United States. The frequency of the surname",
"psg_id": "11671034"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "in 1969. While filming his part of Bill Sikes in \"Oliver!\", he met Jacquie Daryl, a classically trained dancer who was also in the film. They became lovers and subsequently had a daughter, Sarah. In 1985, he married Josephine Burge, to whom he was still married at the time of his death. She was 16 years old when they met, he was 42. In his last years, Reed and Burge lived in Churchtown, County Cork, Ireland. In 1964 Reed's face was cut in a bar fight. He received 63 stitches and was in danger of losing his film career due",
"psg_id": "2167694"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "users may feel uncomfortable with the knowledge that their real names would be publicly displayed and choose, instead, to use a fake name that appears real to Facebook under its Name Policy. Unlike Facebook, the Twitter social networking site does not require users to enter real names when creating Twitter accounts, and the site is entirely void of the real-name system. According to Twitter's former CEO, Dick Costolo, the social networking site does not care what a user's real name is as long as the site connects users to the information that they care about. Whether the information comes from",
"psg_id": "16575030"
},
{
"title": "Oliver! (film)",
"text": "in the United States, and Oliver Reed, who played Bill Sikes, had just begun to make a name for himself. Producer John Woolf suggested Oliver Reed for the role to the director Reed, without knowing that the two were in fact related. Ron Moody, who was also well known in Britain but not the US, recreated his London stage performance, after Peter Sellers, Dick Van Dyke and Peter O'Toole reportedly turned down the role. Elizabeth Taylor turned down the role of Nancy as well. Julie Andrews was also considered. Director Reed also had Shirley Bassey in mind, but his choice",
"psg_id": "7635794"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "from 1400, when \"Thomas Reed of Redysdale\" is recorded in county records as paying \"to William de Swinburne in the sum of 20 pds...for the ransom of William Moetrop of Tenedale\". In 1429 Thomas Reed is again recorded, as serving on a jury in Elsdon. In 1442, a John Reed is described as \"the Laird of Troughwen, the chief of the name of Reed, and divers of his followers...a ruder and more lawless crew there needs not be...\" The Reeds of Northumberland were one of the Border Reiver families of the 16th century, who lived by blackmail and cattle rustling",
"psg_id": "11671031"
},
{
"title": "Oliver (given name)",
"text": "Oliver (given name) Oliver is a masculine given name of Old French origin; \"Oliver\" is one of Charlemagne's retainers in the 11th-century \"Song of Roland\". The name was generally associated with the Latin term/name \"olivarius\" \"olive tree planter\", but may have been connected with the Germanic names \"*wulfa-\" \"wolf\" and \"*χarja-\" \"army\", or the Old Norse\" Óleifr\" (Ólaf); or a genuinely West Germanic name, perhaps from \"ala-\" \"all\" and \"wēra\" \"true\", or from \"alf\" \"elf\" and \"hari\" \"army, warrior\" (in both cases possibly cognate with Álvaro) and Greek name Eleutherios Modern variants include French \"Olivier\", Hungarian \"Olivér\", Irish \"Oilibhéar\" or",
"psg_id": "14342429"
},
{
"title": "F. S. Oliver",
"text": "decade.\" Novelist John Buchan, another friend of the Kindergarten, believed that Oliver had \"a real and enduring influence on political thought.\" Oliver also wrote numerous political articles for \"The Times\" using the pseudonym \"Pacificus\". These articles, which first appeared in May 1910, outlined his federalist ideas, especially his proposal for the establishment of separate parliaments in the United Kingdom to deal with purely local issues, while a supreme parliament would be responsible for national and Imperial concerns. Even while advocating the creation of parliaments for Britain and the Empire as a whole, Oliver was deeply critical of British democracy. He",
"psg_id": "13997279"
},
{
"title": "Irving S. Reed",
"text": "for MADDIDA was computation of a mathematical function. Von Neumann, a noted lightning calculator, kept up with the computer and checked its results with a paper and pencil. Irving S. Reed Irving Stoy Reed (November 12, 1923 – September 11, 2012) was a mathematician and engineer. He is best known for co-inventing a class of algebraic error-correcting and error-detecting codes known as Reed–Solomon codes in collaboration with Gustave Solomon. He also co-invented the Reed–Muller code. Reed made many contributions to areas of electrical engineering including radar, signal processing, and image processing. He was part of the team that built the",
"psg_id": "5438682"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "first documented gold find in the United States in 1799. The Reed Gold Mine is today a State Historic Site in Cabarrus County, North Carolina. 'Reed' appears as a surname most commonly in English-speaking countries, especially in the United States, where it was the 55th most common surname in 1990 accounting for about 0.12% of the population. In Great Britain, 'Reed' ranked at 158th (0.081%) and 183rd (0.073%) in 1881 and 1998, respectively, with little or no change in internal distribution among counties during the intervening century. In Ireland, Reed is among the 100 most common surnames, and in the",
"psg_id": "11671029"
},
{
"title": "Ronnie Reed",
"text": "BBC to go on an assignment. This turned out to be a visit to Wormwood Scrubs prison, which is where MI5 had its headquarters at the beginning of the Second World War. He was taken to a cell in which there was a German spy who had just landed. This was Agent Summer, a Swedish citizen whose real name was Gösta Caroli. His interrogators wanted Reed to help supervise this agent's first broadcast back to Germany, in which he would tell them he had landed safely. Reed then supervised other double agents, such as Tate, real name Wolf Schmidt, during",
"psg_id": "14673640"
},
{
"title": "John S. Reed",
"text": "Technology's Corporation (board of trustees) from 2010 through 2014. He was a longtime member of the board of directors of Altria Group (and predecessor Phillip Morris Companies) through his retirement in 2008. Parents are Calvin Francis Reed and Virginia Shepard Reed of Toledo, Ohio . John S. Reed John Shepard Reed is the former chairman of the New York Stock Exchange. He previously served as chairman and CEO of Citicorp, Citibank, and post-merger, Citigroup. He is the past chairman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's board of trustees. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in Argentina and Brazil.",
"psg_id": "3737899"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released",
"psg_id": "19789527"
},
{
"title": "Dunn–Oliver Acadome",
"text": "Dunn–Oliver Acadome The Dunn–Oliver Acadome is a 7,400-seat multi-purpose arena in Montgomery, Alabama. Opened in 1992, it is home to the Alabama State Hornets basketball team of Alabama State University. From its opening until May 2008, it was named the Joe L. Reed Acadome, after Dr. Joe L. Reed, who played a significant, high profile leadership role at ASU. In 2008, the Alabama State Board of Trustees voted to remove Reed's name from the building, based upon claims that Reed gave the university negative publicity and wasted taxpayer money by filing too many frivolous lawsuits. The trustees renamed the court",
"psg_id": "6807754"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Crosby",
"text": "Oliver S. Crosby Oliver Sexsmith \"Mike\" Crosby (April 27,1920 to October 25, 2014) was an American diplomat who served as United States Ambassador to Guinea. He was the son of the classicist Henry Lamar Crosby. The son of Henry Lamar Crosby, Oliver S. Crosby was born April 27, 1920, in Philadelphia. He received a B.A. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1946 and an M.A. from Johns Hopkins University 1947. From 1942 to 1946 he served in the United States Navy. Between 1952 and 1953 Crosby studied German at Harvard University and, from 1964 to 1965 took additional courses at",
"psg_id": "20587876"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Picher",
"text": "Oliver S. Picher Oliver S. Picher (1905–1984) was a United States Air Force Lt. General. He served as Commander of the 307th Bombardment Group during World War II, Commander of the 315th Air Division in post war Japan and as the Director of the Joint Staff. Oliver Stanton Picher was born in Pasadena, CA, in 1905. He graduated from Harvard University cum laude in 1928. He enlisted as an aviation cadet, earned his wings and was commissioned successively in the Air Reserve and Regular Army. In May 1930 he went to Hawaii for two years with the 18th Pursuit Group",
"psg_id": "13917309"
},
{
"title": "Dunn–Oliver Acadome",
"text": "in honor of the university's two most successful basketball coaches, Charles Johnson \"C.J.\" Dunn and James V. Oliver. This furthered a debate between members of the board and Reed's supporters. In the 2009 legislative session, two legislators filed bills to restore Reed's name to the building, but both were withdrawn. Dunn–Oliver Acadome The Dunn–Oliver Acadome is a 7,400-seat multi-purpose arena in Montgomery, Alabama. Opened in 1992, it is home to the Alabama State Hornets basketball team of Alabama State University. From its opening until May 2008, it was named the Joe L. Reed Acadome, after Dr. Joe L. Reed, who",
"psg_id": "6807755"
},
{
"title": "F. S. Oliver",
"text": "Jedburgh and in 1926 he retired from Debenhams. In 1928 he bought Queen Mary's House in Jedburgh which he gave to the town. Katharine Augusta Oliver opened the house in 1930. Oliver died on 3 June 1934 at Edgerston and was buried in the local churchyard. \"Alexander Hamilton\" (1906) \"Ordeal By Battle\" (1915) \"The Endless Adventure\" (1930–35) \"The Anvil of War: Letters between F.S. Oliver and His Brother 1914-1918.\" Stephen Gwynn, ed. (1936) F. S. Oliver Frederick Scott Oliver, or F.S. Oliver (1864–1934), was a prominent Scottish political writer and businessman who advocated tariff reform and imperial union for the",
"psg_id": "13997285"
},
{
"title": "F. S. Oliver",
"text": "F. S. Oliver Frederick Scott Oliver, or F.S. Oliver (1864–1934), was a prominent Scottish political writer and businessman who advocated tariff reform and imperial union for the British Empire. He played an important role in the Round Table movement, collaborated in the downfall of Prime Minister H. H. Asquith’s wartime government and its replacement by David Lloyd George in 1916, and pressed for \"home rule all round\" to resolve the political conflict between Britain and Irish nationalists. Oliver was born on 20 February 1864 to Catherine and John Scott Oliver. His father was a merchant and he attended Edinburgh University.",
"psg_id": "13997275"
},
{
"title": "John S. Reed",
"text": "John S. Reed John Shepard Reed is the former chairman of the New York Stock Exchange. He previously served as chairman and CEO of Citicorp, Citibank, and post-merger, Citigroup. He is the past chairman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's board of trustees. He was born in Chicago, Illinois, and raised in Argentina and Brazil. Reed earned his undergraduate degrees in a 3-2 program from Washington and Jefferson College (W&J) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), earning a B.S. from the MIT Sloan School of Management in 1961. He was also a member of Lambda Chi Alpha Fraternity while at",
"psg_id": "3737896"
},
{
"title": "Reed Cordish",
"text": "Reed Cordish Reed S. Cordish (born June 18, 1974) is a fourth-generation American real estate developer, former professional tennis player, and former senior aide to President Donald Trump. Cordish is a principal and partner at his family-owned Baltimore-based real estate investment and development firm The Cordish Companies where he was also affiliated with Entertainment Consulting International, a susbsidary of The Cordish Companies. Prior to joining the Office of American Innovation, Mr. Cordish was a major benefactor of Donald Trump's campaign for President. Reed Saunders Cordish was born to a Jewish family in 1974 in Baltimore, Maryland. He is the youngest",
"psg_id": "19949869"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Glisson",
"text": "Oliver S. Glisson Oliver Spencer Glisson (January 18, 1809 – November 20, 1890), was a rear admiral of the United States Navy. After commanding a schooner in the Mexican–American War, he was posted to the East India Squadron and took part in the Japan Expedition when the first treaty with the Japanese was signed by Commodore Matthew Perry in 1853. Throughout the American Civil War, Glisson served in the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron, intercepting illegal trade across the Potomac, and patrolling the mouth of the Rappahannock. Early in the war, Glisson rescued a group of slaves who were being used",
"psg_id": "16954918"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "Real-name system A real-name system is a system in which when a user who wants to register an account on a blog, website or bulletin board system, is required to offer identification credentials including their legal name to the network service centre. One may use an on-line pseudonym, however, the person's real identity would be available if rules or laws are broken. South Korea is the first country to put the real-name system into practice. Since June 28, 2009, thirty-five Korean websites have implemented a name-registration system pursuant to the newly amended Information and Communications Network Act of Korea. It",
"psg_id": "16575021"
},
{
"title": "Sam Reed (musician)",
"text": "Jazz Journalists Association's annual Jazz Heroes Award. Sam Reed (musician) Sam Reed (born October 18, 1935) is a tenor saxophonist based in Philadelphia. Working at the Uptown Theater in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he added jazz and rhythm & blues shows to what was at the time an R&B, blues and rock and roll venue. For some years, Reed was also musical director for Teddy Pendergrass, and in the early 1970s, he was the \"horn contractor\" for Gamble and Huff's Philadelphia International Records. Bootsie Barnes, Mickey Roker and Jimmy Oliver are among the other Philadelphia-based musicians he has",
"psg_id": "17268404"
},
{
"title": "Sam Reed (musician)",
"text": "Sam Reed (musician) Sam Reed (born October 18, 1935) is a tenor saxophonist based in Philadelphia. Working at the Uptown Theater in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he added jazz and rhythm & blues shows to what was at the time an R&B, blues and rock and roll venue. For some years, Reed was also musical director for Teddy Pendergrass, and in the early 1970s, he was the \"horn contractor\" for Gamble and Huff's Philadelphia International Records. Bootsie Barnes, Mickey Roker and Jimmy Oliver are among the other Philadelphia-based musicians he has performed with. In 2012, he received the",
"psg_id": "17268403"
},
{
"title": "Reed College",
"text": "32 Rhodes Scholars are the second-highest count for a liberal arts college. Reed is ranked fourth in the U.S. of all colleges for the percentage of its graduates who go on to earn a PhD. The Reed Institute (the legal name of the college) was founded in 1908, and held its first classes in 1911. Reed is named for Oregon pioneers Simeon Gannett Reed (1830–1895) and Amanda Reed (died 1904). Simeon was an entrepreneur involved in several enterprises, including trade on the Willamette and Columbia Rivers with his close friend and associate, former Portland Mayor William S. Ladd (for whom",
"psg_id": "342263"
},
{
"title": "Facebook real-name policy controversy",
"text": "the acronym is employed, Facebook automatically changes to lower-case all letters except the first. (Use of periods, e.g. D.L.G., will result in a message telling users that \"Profile names can't have too many periods.\") Therefore, someone commonly known in real life by a name such as Mary De Leon Guerrero Mafnas would have to resort to using what on Facebook would end up being \"Mary Dlg Mafnas\". The message is not accompanied by an option to challenge/appeal the restriction or to send Facebook documentation that the format is how one normally formats their name in real life. In January 2015,",
"psg_id": "18352026"
},
{
"title": "Oliver! (film)",
"text": "Oliver! (film) Oliver! is a 1968 British musical drama film directed by Carol Reed, written by Vernon Harris, and based on the stage musical of the same name. Both the film and play are based on Charles Dickens's novel \"Oliver Twist\". The film includes such musical numbers as \"Food, Glorious Food\", \"Consider Yourself\", \"As Long as He Needs Me\", \"You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two\", and \"Where Is Love?\". Filmed at Shepperton Film Studio in Surrey, it was a Romulus Films production and was distributed internationally by Columbia Pictures. At the 41st Academy Awards for 1968, \"Oliver!\" was",
"psg_id": "7635778"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "was higher than national average in the following U.S. states: The frequency of the surname was highest (over six times the national average) in the following U.S. counties: There are many notable people who share the Reed surname. These people are listed below to provide a partial geographical and time reference for use of this name. People listed below are \"presumed\" to be caucasian unless otherwise indicated parenthetically; this information is included as ethnicity is an important parameter in name studies. Ethnicities found below include African American and Jewish. Multiple items on a line is indicated by a superscript number",
"psg_id": "11671035"
},
{
"title": "S. Addison Oliver",
"text": "farmers in western Iowa after retiring from public life. Addison and Hannah Oliver had ten children, one of whom, Cyrus G. Oliver, became a member of the Iowa General Assembly. He died in Onawa, and was interred in Onawa Cemetery. S. Addison Oliver Samuel Addison Oliver (July 21, 1833 – July 7, 1912) was an American pioneer, lawyer, judge, and politician from western Iowa. He was born near Washington, Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1834, and received a classical education at the common schools and West Alexandria Academy. He graduated from Washington College in Washington, Pennsylvania (now Washington & Jefferson College)",
"psg_id": "10191212"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Glisson",
"text": "in Long Branch, New Jersey. The biography \"To the Loving Memory of Rear Admiral Oliver S. Glisson, U.S.N.\" was published by Glisson's sons, Oliver Jr. and Jacob, in 1891. Most of the 146 page book is devoted to Glisson's Civil War engagements via contemporary first-hand newspaper accounts written by A.F. and C.C. Fulton, editors and proprietors of the \"Baltimore American\". Glisson House at 405 Duke Street, Norfolk, Virginia is a Greek Revival home that Glisson had built circa 1840. The three story home is located in the West Freemason Street Historic District and Hunter House Victorian Museum includes the house",
"psg_id": "16954933"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "in the Anglo-Scottish border country. One notable Reed was Percival Reed, believed to have been Laird of Troughend in the 1580s and 1590s. His story has been handed down in \"The Death of Parcy Reed\", a traditional Border ballad (Child Ballad 193). This song tells of an alliance between the Halls of Redesdale and the Crosiers of Liddesdale in Scotland, against the Reeds. Percival Reed held the office of Keeper of Redesdale, and had arrested one Whinton Crosier for raiding in the valley. This put the Reeds at feud with the Crosier family. The Halls, old friends of Percy Reed,",
"psg_id": "11671032"
},
{
"title": "Oliver!",
"text": "as Nancy. In 1968, the show was adapted for film, with a screenplay by Vernon Harris and direction by Carol Reed. It starred original Fagin Ron Moody with Jack Wild, Shani Wallis, Oliver Reed, Mark Lester, Harry Secombe and Leonard Rossiter. The 1968 motion picture won six Academy Awards including Best Picture, and received nominations for both Moody and Wild. It was first telecast in the United States by ABC-TV in 1975. The film went to cable in the US in 1982, and it is still regularly broadcast. On March 1, 2013, it was announced that a remake of \"Oliver!\"",
"psg_id": "964505"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "Beautiful Name\" earned two Dove awards, Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won the award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song at the 60th Grammy Awards, the first for Hillsong Worship. The song was recorded at a live performance at the annual Hillsong Conference in 2016. Hillsong performed the song at the 48th Annual Dove Awards held at Allen Arena in Nashville. The performance was well received and \"had audience members on their feet with their hands in the air.\" When asked about performing the song in an interview with \"Billboard\"s Jim",
"psg_id": "19789533"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "final film, Reed was posthumously nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. At the peak of his career, in 1971, British exhibitors voted Reed 5th most popular star at the box office. An alcoholic, Reed's issues with drink were well publicised, from appearances on chat shows to a high-profile friendship with drinking partner, The Who drummer Keith Moon, with the two meeting while working on \"Tommy\". Reed was born at 9 Durrington Park Road, Wimbledon, to Marcia (née Napier-Andrews) and Peter Reed, a sports journalist . He was the nephew of film director Sir Carol",
"psg_id": "2167674"
},
{
"title": "Carol Reed",
"text": "213 King's Road, Chelsea, aged 69. He had lived there since 1948. He is buried in Kensington Cemetery, Gunnersbury, West London, and there is a blue plaque on his former home in his honour. Carol Reed Sir Carol Reed (30 December 1906 – 25 April 1976) was an English film director best known for \"Odd Man Out\" (1947), \"The Fallen Idol\" (1948), \"The Third Man\" (1949), and \"Oliver!\" (1968). For \"Oliver!\", he received the Academy Award for Best Director. \"Odd Man Out\" was the first recipient of the BAFTA Award for Best British Film; filmmaker Roman Polanski has repeatedly cited",
"psg_id": "1412667"
},
{
"title": "Carol Reed",
"text": "Carol Reed Sir Carol Reed (30 December 1906 – 25 April 1976) was an English film director best known for \"Odd Man Out\" (1947), \"The Fallen Idol\" (1948), \"The Third Man\" (1949), and \"Oliver!\" (1968). For \"Oliver!\", he received the Academy Award for Best Director. \"Odd Man Out\" was the first recipient of the BAFTA Award for Best British Film; filmmaker Roman Polanski has repeatedly cited it as his favourite film. \"The Fallen Idol\" won the second BAFTA Award for Best British Film. The British Film Institute voted \"The Third Man\" the greatest British film of the 20th century. Carol",
"psg_id": "1412653"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "Breed\" (1960), playing the leader of a gang of Teddy Boys roughing up Wisdom in a cinema Reed got his first significant role in Hammer Films' \"Sword of Sherwood Forest\" (1960), again directed by Fisher. He went back to small roles for \"His and Hers\" (1961), a Terry Thomas comedy, \"No Love for Johnnie\" (1961) for Thomas, and \"The Rebel\" (1961) with Tony Hancock. Reed's first starring role came when Hammer cast him as the central character in Terence Fisher’s \"The Curse of the Werewolf\" (1961). Hammer liked Reed and gave him good supporting roles in the swashbuckler \"The Pirates",
"psg_id": "2167678"
},
{
"title": "Lou Reed",
"text": "lyrics and experimental guitar playing were trademarks throughout his long career. Lewis Allan Reed was born on March 2, 1942 at Beth El Hospital (now Brookdale) in Brooklyn and grew up in Freeport, Long Island. Reed was the son of Toby (née Futterman) (1920–2013) and Sidney Joseph Reed (1913–2005), an accountant. His family was Jewish; his father had changed his name from Rabinowitz to Reed. Reed said that although he was Jewish, his real god was rock 'n' roll. Reed attended Atkinson Elementary School in Freeport and went on to Freeport Junior High School. His sister Merrill, born Elizabeth Reed,",
"psg_id": "699275"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Glisson",
"text": "in its walking and guided tours. In 1850, Glisson retained attorney Thomas S. Yeatman to map plats on the farm of his recently deceased father, Thomas Glisson. Glisson Subdivision is situated south of the village of Dunlap, Ohio which had formed in 1849. A storm near Smithfield, Virginia in 1884 caused the roof of the Old Brick Church to fall, collapsing a portion of the eastern wall also. Glisson contributed to the restoration effort, sponsoring the pulpit and sounding board. The relatives of Glisson's wife Pamela dwelt in the Smithfield area and the donation was made in her name. Oliver",
"psg_id": "16954934"
},
{
"title": "What Yo Name Iz?",
"text": "What Yo Name Iz? \"What Yo Name Iz?\" is the debut single by American rapper Kirko Bangz. The Sound M.O.B. produced song was featured on his mixtape \"Procrastination Kills 3\" (2011). It's also Kirko Bangz's first song to chart on the US \"Billboard\" charts. The official remix to \"What Yo Name Iz?\" features Wale, Big Sean, and Bun B. The remix was released on , before the original version. Maxrank also made a remix for this song. \"What Yo Name Iz?\" was the first song by Kirko Bangz to chart on the billboard charts. It debuted at number 97 on",
"psg_id": "16342479"
},
{
"title": "Jim Oliver (novelist)",
"text": "in both books inhabit too privileged a social stratum to know what \"real\" problems are. This is a debatable point but it enables Oliver, as it enabled Henry James, to concentrate on states of mind and emotions that we can all identify with. Both books are not only entertaining and thought-provoking, they are also extremely well-written and hugely enjoyable. I look forward to the next book with unbated breath!\" Jim Oliver (novelist) Jim Oliver is an American novelist. His first book was \"Closing Distance\" (), published in 1992, and \"Wings in the Snow\" (). He lives in Hawaii. Oliver served",
"psg_id": "8201109"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "a two-day binge before marrying Josephine Burge; \"The event that was reported actually took place during an arm-wrestling competition in Guernsey about 15 years ago, it was highly exaggerated.\" Steve McQueen told the story that in 1973 he flew to the UK to discuss a film project with Reed and suggested the two men visit a London nightclub. They ended up on a marathon pub crawl during which Reed got so drunk he vomited on McQueen. Reed became a close friend and drinking partner of The Who's drummer Keith Moon in 1974 while working together on the film version of",
"psg_id": "2167697"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "in the controversial film \"The Devils\" (1971), directed by Russell with Vanessa Redgrave. An anecdote holds that Reed could have been chosen to play James Bond. In 1969, Bond franchise producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman were looking for a replacement for Sean Connery and Reed (who had recently played a resourceful killer in \"The Assassination Bureau\") was mentioned as a possible choice for the role. Whatever the reason, Reed was never to play Bond. After Reed's death, the \"Guardian Unlimited\" called the casting decision, \"One of the great missed opportunities of post-war British movie history.\" He made a",
"psg_id": "2167684"
},
{
"title": "What Happened Was",
"text": "What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \"What Happened Was...\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \"Siskel & Ebert\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the",
"psg_id": "10650487"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "was enacted after the suicide of Choi Jin-sil which was said to be related to malicious comments about her on Internet bulletin boards. The new rule is aimed at minimizing the amount of negative information to make netizens responsible for their behavior on the Internet. South Koreans have been familiar with the real-name system. Since the mid-1990s, doing real property transactions and financial transactions must be performed under a real name following relevant laws. The real-name system in real property transactions and financial transactions is believed to contribute to the sound economic order of the nation. On August 23, 2012,",
"psg_id": "16575022"
},
{
"title": "Real Groove",
"text": "Real Groove Real Groove was a New Zealand monthly music and pop culture magazine that operated from 1993 to 2010.<ref name=\"RealGroove/RBP\"></ref> Based in Auckland, the publication began as a free newsletter distributed through Real Groovy Records. It became a newsstand title in the late 1990s and was subsequently owned by Tangible Media. In 2003, a survey by Nielsen Media Research showed a monthly readership comparable to \"Rip It Up\", New Zealand's leading music magazine. \"Real Groove\" was first edited by John Dix, author of \"\". Subsequent editors included Nick Bollinger,<ref name=\"Steel/witchdoctor\"></ref> John Russell, Brock Oliver, Duncan Greive and Sam Wicks.<ref",
"psg_id": "20588453"
},
{
"title": "Tucker Reed",
"text": "January 7, 2014. Reed is also co-author of the series' forthcoming titles \"Ever Shall\" and \"Otherwhen\". In early 2016, she worked as a reporter for The \"Grants Pass Daily Courier\" before quitting in the spring. Reed first gained notoriety as an opponent of gendered violence (specifically sexual abuse against women) when she published the name of her alleged rapist to a blog. Reed has been characterized as part of a \"vanguard of a new wave of activism.\" Australian criminologist and feminist Anastasia Powell identified Reed in 2015 as one of several women who used the internet to engage in what",
"psg_id": "17133533"
},
{
"title": "Carol Reed",
"text": "also known as Pempie, the elder daughter of Freda Dudley Ward, who had been a mistress of the Duke of Windsor (Edward VIII) when he was Prince of Wales. They had one son, Max. His stepdaughter Tracy Reed, Ward's daughter, also had an acting career. Actor Oliver Reed was his nephew. In 1953, he became only the second British film director to be knighted for his craft. The first was Sir Alexander Korda in 1942, who was the producer of some of Reed's most admired films. Reed died from a heart attack on 25 April 1976 at his home at",
"psg_id": "1412666"
},
{
"title": "Oliver! (film)",
"text": "the film available on their website, but limited to 3,000 copies, which has since sold out. Sony Pictures re-released a Blu-ray edition of the film on December 11, 2018. Oliver! (film) Oliver! is a 1968 British musical drama film directed by Carol Reed, written by Vernon Harris, and based on the stage musical of the same name. Both the film and play are based on Charles Dickens's novel \"Oliver Twist\". The film includes such musical numbers as \"Food, Glorious Food\", \"Consider Yourself\", \"As Long as He Needs Me\", \"You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two\", and \"Where Is Love?\".",
"psg_id": "7635806"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "\"The Party's Over\" (made 1963, released 1965), directed by Guy Hamilton. In 1964 he starred in the first of six films directed by Michael Winner, \"The System\", (known as \"The Girl-Getters\" in the U.S.). The following year he had his first collaboration with Ken Russell, \"The Debussy Film\" (1965), a TV biopic of Claude Debussy. Reed, who played the title role, said this was crucial to his career because \" \"That was the first time I met Ken Russell and it was the first part I had after I'd had my face cut in a fight and no one would",
"psg_id": "2167680"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Crosby",
"text": "at the State Department from 1968 to 1972, and from 1972 until his 1977 appointment as United States Ambassador to Guinea, was deputy chief of mission in Lagos. Prior to his appointment as ambassador to Guinea, Crosby was nominated as ambassador to Madagascar, however, that nomination was ultimately withdrawn due to worsening U.S. relations with Madagascar. His tenure as ambassador to Guinea lasted from 1977 to 1980. In 1980, Crosby retired to Maine. He was twice married and had three children. Oliver S. Crosby Oliver Sexsmith \"Mike\" Crosby (April 27,1920 to October 25, 2014) was an American diplomat who served",
"psg_id": "20587878"
},
{
"title": "Facebook real-name policy controversy",
"text": "confusion with fictional characters. Facebook furthermore prohibits users from accurately representing names which according to the site have \"too many words\", and prohibits initializing first names, preventing users who do so in real life from formatting their own names as they see fit. The social networking website Facebook has maintained the real-name system policy for user profiles. According to Facebook, the real-name policy stems from the position \"that way, you always know who you're connecting with. This helps keep our community safe.\" Likewise per this policy, a \"real name\" is defined by \"your real name as it would be listed",
"psg_id": "18352021"
},
{
"title": "S. Addison Oliver",
"text": "S. Addison Oliver Samuel Addison Oliver (July 21, 1833 – July 7, 1912) was an American pioneer, lawyer, judge, and politician from western Iowa. He was born near Washington, Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1834, and received a classical education at the common schools and West Alexandria Academy. He graduated from Washington College in Washington, Pennsylvania (now Washington & Jefferson College) in 1850. He taught school for two years in Arkansas, returning to Pennsylvania to study law. He married Hannah Towne on January 1, 1854. He was admitted to the bar, and moved to Iowa in 1857, taking up his residence",
"psg_id": "10191209"
},
{
"title": "Alyson Reed",
"text": "Alyson Reed Alyson Reed (born January 11, 1958) is an American dancer and actress. Alyson Reed was born in Fullerton and grew up in Anaheim, California. She began ballet at age 4, started performing in musicals at age 7, and was working professionally by age 12. Reed performed as Alice in Wonderland at the Disneyland theme park and was also a performer at Knott's Berry Farm. Reed attended Anaheim High School, where she graduated in 1976. An active student, Alyson Reed was a varsity songleader and played the role of Nancy in the school's stage production of \"Oliver!\" during her",
"psg_id": "8229194"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "he appeared to be, but rather was acting the part of an uncontrollably sodden former star to liven things up, at the producers' behests. In October 1981, Reed was arrested in Vermont, where he was tried and acquitted of disturbing the peace while drunk. However, he pleaded no contest to two assault charges and was fined $1,200. In December 1987, Reed, who was overweight and already suffered from gout, became seriously ill with kidney problems as a result of his alcoholism and had to abstain from drinking for over one year on the advice of his doctor. In his final",
"psg_id": "2167701"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "years, when he lived in Ireland, Reed was a regular in the one-roomed O'Brien's Bar in Churchtown, County Cork, close to the 13th-century cemetery in the heart of the village where he was buried. Reed died from a heart attack during a break from filming \"Gladiator\" in Valletta, Malta, on 2 May 1999. Some said he drank eight pints of lager, a dozen double rums and half a bottle of whiskey in a drinking match against sailors on shore leave from H.M.S. Cumberland. He was 61 years old. Fellow \"Gladiator\" actor Omid Djalili said in 2016: \"He hadn't had a",
"psg_id": "2167702"
},
{
"title": "Gary Oliver",
"text": "under-19 squad. Oliver made his Scotland U19 debut in a 1–1 draw against Germany under-19's and scored his first goal in a 4–2 win over Switzerland under-19's. Oliver was born in Glasgow and attended Cleveden Secondary School. Oliver is the nephew of the current Greenock Morton manager Jim Duffy. Gary Oliver Gary Oliver (born 14 July 1995) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Scottish Championship club Greenock Morton, as a striker. Oliver played for Scotland under-19's, and previously played for Heart of Midlothian, with a loan spell at Stenhousemuir and Queen of the South. Oliver was born in",
"psg_id": "17510889"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "when he arrived and virtually had to be dragged in front of the cameras. Near the end of his life, he was brought onto some TV shows specifically for his drinking; for example \"The Word\" put bottles of liquor in his dressing room so he could be secretly filmed getting drunk. He left the set of the Channel 4 television discussion programme \"After Dark\" after feminist writer Kate Millett, uttering the phrase, \"Give us a kiss, big tits\". However, Cliff Goodwin's biography of Reed, \"Evil Spirits\", offered the theory that Reed was not always as drunk on chat shows as",
"psg_id": "2167700"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "MacDonald Fraser. Reed had an uncredited bit-part in Russell's \"Mahler\" (1974), was the lead in \"Blue Blood\" (1973) and \"And Then There Were None\" (1974), produced by Harry Alan Towers. His next project with Ken Russell was \"Tommy\", based on The Who's 1969 concept album \"Tommy\" and starring its lead singer Roger Daltrey. \"Royal Flash\" (1975) reunited him with Richard Lester and George MacDonald Fraser, playing Otto von Bismarck. He had a cameo in Russell's \"Lisztomania\" (1975). Reed appeared in \"The New Spartans\" (1975) then acted alongside Karen Black, Bette Davis, and Burgess Meredith in the Dan Curtis horror film",
"psg_id": "2167686"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "employ me. Everybody thought I was a cripple.\" He narrated Russell's TV movie \"Always on Sunday\" (1965). Reed returned to Hammer for \"The Brigand of Kandahar\" (1965), playing a villainous Indian in an imperial action film for Gilling. He guest starred on episodes of \"It's Cold Outside\" and \"Court Martial\", the latter directed by Seth Holt. He had a regular role on the TV series \"R3\" (1965). Reed was the lead in a Canadian-British co production, \"The Trap\" (1966), co-starring with Rita Tushingham. Reed's career stepped up another level when he starred in the popular comedy film \"The Jokers\" (1966),",
"psg_id": "2167681"
},
{
"title": "Byron Reed",
"text": "Byron Reed Byron Reed (March 12, 1829 – June 6, 1891) was an American pioneer real estate businessman and local politician in Omaha, Nebraska. He founded the first real estate office in the Nebraska Territory and became the foremost agent after Nebraska achieved statehood. Reed was born in Darien, Genesee County, New York. While he was attending the Alexander Classical School, Reed's family moved to Darien, Wisconsin. At the age of 20 he took a job as a telegraph operator, working in Warren, Ohio until 1855. He also served at the Register of Deeds for Trumbull County during this time.",
"psg_id": "11491929"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "them to track property ownership and inheritance, collect taxes, maintain court records, perform police work, conscript soldiers, and control epidemics. Though the Facebook social networking site does not directly employ the real-name system, the site's online Name Policy indicates the following: \"Facebook is a community where people use their real identities. We require everyone to provide their real names, so you always know who you're connecting with. This helps keep our community safe.\" This means that under Facebook's Name Policy, users are strongly encouraged to provide their real names when creating an account on Facebook. This, according to Facebook, ensures",
"psg_id": "16575026"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "Desert\" and Reed's role in the film to threaten Italy with sickening attacks. Reed was a villain in Disney's \"Condorman\" (1981) and did the horror film \"Venom\" (1981). He was a villain in \"The Sting II\" (1983) and appeared in \"Sex, Lies and Renaissance\" (1983). He also starred as Lt-Col Gerard Leachman in the Iraqi historical film \"Al-Mas' Ala Al-Kubra\" (a.k.a. \"Clash of Loyalties\") (1983), which dealt with Leachman's exploits during the 1920 revolution in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq). Reed was in \"Spasms\" (1983), \"Two of a Kind\" (1983), \"Masquerade\" (1984), \"Christopher Columbus\" (1985), \"Black Arrow\" (1985) and \"Captive\" (1986). He",
"psg_id": "2167689"
},
{
"title": "What Happened Was",
"text": "stakes and the tension couldn't be any higher if these were two characters having a more conventional action scene.\" Roger Ebert, however, gave the film a thumbs down, calling it \"Contrived\" and stating that \"There is a lot less here than meets the eye.\" What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely",
"psg_id": "10650488"
},
{
"title": "What Yo Name Iz?",
"text": "the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs on the week of October 23, 2010. It spent 27 weeks on the chart and peaked at number 41. What Yo Name Iz? \"What Yo Name Iz?\" is the debut single by American rapper Kirko Bangz. The Sound M.O.B. produced song was featured on his mixtape \"Procrastination Kills 3\" (2011). It's also Kirko Bangz's first song to chart on the US \"Billboard\" charts. The official remix to \"What Yo Name Iz?\" features Wale, Big Sean, and Bun B. The remix was released on , before the original version. Maxrank also made a remix for",
"psg_id": "16342480"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "series of action-orientated projects: \"The Hunting Party\" (1971), a Western shot in Spain with Gene Hackman; \"Sitting Target\" (1972), a tough gangster film; and \"Z.P.G.\" (1972), a science fiction film with Geraldine Chaplin. \"The Triple Echo\" (1972) was directed by Michael Apted, and featured Reed in drag, alongside Glenda Jackson. Reed also appeared in a number of Italian films: \"Dirty Weekend\" (1973), with Marcello Mastroiann; \"One Russian Summer\" (1973) with Claudia Cardinale; and \"Revolver\" (1973). He had great success playing Athos in \"The Three Musketeers\" (1973) and \"The Four Musketeers\" (1974) for directed Richard Lester from a script by George",
"psg_id": "2167685"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Marshall",
"text": "he married Nora Householder in 1890, and they had three children: Edith, Edmond, and Virginia. He died in 1934. In 1896, Oliver S. Marshall was elected to the West Virginia State Senate from the First Senatorial District. In 1892, Marshall served as a delegate to the Republican National Convention. He served as President of the West Virginia State Senate for the 1899 session. During his term he presided over Senate proceedings that led to the passage of bills that incorporated West Virginia banks and savings institutions, established a procedure for West Virginia public institutions to report to the Legislature, and",
"psg_id": "9755131"
},
{
"title": "What If We Were Real",
"text": "August 2012. What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \"Good Morning\". The first single off of the album was \"Stronger\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as",
"psg_id": "15281065"
},
{
"title": "What If We Were Real",
"text": "What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \"Good Morning\". The first single off of the album was \"Stronger\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as of August",
"psg_id": "15281063"
},
{
"title": "Lydia Reed",
"text": "Lydia Reed Lydia Reed (born August 23, 1944) is an American former child actress best known for her role as Tallahassee \"Hassie\" McCoy from 1957 to 1963 in 145 episodes of the ABC situation comedy \"The Real McCoys,\" starring Walter Brennan in the title role of Grandpa Amos McCoy. Irving Pincus was the creator, and Hy Averback the first principal director. An episode of the series prominently featuring Reed called \"Sweet Fifteen,\" aired on April 9, 1959. It centers on Grandpa's determination to keep Hassie's looming fifteenth birthday party a secret. After its five-year run on ABC, \"The Real McCoys\"",
"psg_id": "15859701"
},
{
"title": "S-Town",
"text": "while exploring more of McLemore's life and character. Though the podcast was promoted under the name \"S-Town\", Reed reveals in the first episode that this is a euphemism for \"Shittown,\" John B. McLemore's derogatory term for his hometown of Woodstock, Alabama. Reed generally refers to the podcast by the non-euphemized name in the episodes themselves. All episodes were released simultaneously on March 28, 2017. The podcast is available to stream or download for free on the official website, iTunes, Stitcher, Radiopublic, or through the RSS feed. \"S-Town\" incorporates various specially composed pieces of music throughout the episodes from composers Daniel",
"psg_id": "11714927"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Reed",
"text": "London\" (1958). Reed's first break was playing Richard of Gloucester in a 6-part BBC TV series \"The Golden Spur\" (1959). It did not seem to help his career immediately: he was uncredited in the films \"The Captain's Table\" (1959), \"Upstairs and Downstairs\" (1959), directed by Ralph Thomas, \"Life Is a Circus\" (1960), \"The Angry Silence\" (1960), \"The League of Gentlemen\" (1960) and \"Beat Girl\" (1960). He played a bouncer in \"The Two Faces of Dr. Jekyll\" (1960) for Hammer Films with whom he would become associated; the director was Terence Fisher. Reed was then in another Wisdom film, \"The Bulldog",
"psg_id": "2167677"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "identity fraud is not being committed on the social networking site. Vernor Vinge's novella \"True Names\" charts the idea of how serious knowing one's identity can be. As such it is also a part of cypherpunk culture. Real-name system A real-name system is a system in which when a user who wants to register an account on a blog, website or bulletin board system, is required to offer identification credentials including their legal name to the network service centre. One may use an on-line pseudonym, however, the person's real identity would be available if rules or laws are broken. South",
"psg_id": "16575032"
},
{
"title": "Addison Reed",
"text": "on \"Baseball America\"'s 2011 Minor League All Star team. Reed was called up to the majors for the first time on September 2, 2011. Reed picked up his first career save on May 5, 2012, against the Detroit Tigers pitching one-third of an inning, striking out the only batter he faced, Austin Jackson, during a 3-2 White Sox victory. On May 23, 2012, manager Robin Ventura officially named Reed as the team's closer. Reed finished the 2012 season with 29 saves despite an ERA of 4.75 in 62 games. Reed played the 2013 season as the team's closer. Reed earned",
"psg_id": "15903664"
},
{
"title": "Reed Gold Mine",
"text": "In 1802, a jeweler from Fayetteville identified the rock as a large gold nugget. He told John Reed to name his price. Reed, not understanding the true value of gold, asked for what he thought was the hefty price of $3.50, or a week's worth of wages. The large nugget's true value was around $3,600. About 1803, John Reed organized a small gold mining operation. Soon afterward a slave named Peter found a 28-pound nugget. Reed continued with placer mining for a number of years. In 1831 he began underground mining. John Reed died at age 88 on May 28,",
"psg_id": "2345241"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Diglesias",
"text": "anchor. In addition, he hosted popular weekly segments “My Colombia” and “My Spanish Lessons”, showcasing the best of Colombia’s culture: dances, foods and slangs. While working for RCN, Oliver also reported certain events of latinamerican importance such as the Fifth Summit of the Americas, 2009 Interamerican Development Bank Assembly and Barranquilla’s Carnival, the same year. Oliver Diglesias Oliver Diglesias, whose real name is Oliver Javier Díaz Iglesias is a singer, journalist and presenter of Colombian TV stations such as Canal 23 and RCN TV Network. Raised in Barranquilla, Colombia, Diglesias was born on November 19, 1986. Once finished with his",
"psg_id": "14109452"
},
{
"title": "Reed (name)",
"text": "Irish province of Ulster it is among the 40 most common surnames. The relative frequencies in 1998 among several countries were United States » Great Britain > Australia ~ New Zealand ~ Canada » Northern Ireland » Ireland. 'Reed' has been adopted by several notable actors as their stage surname in preference to their birth names (see #Pseudonyms and aliases, below). The Reeds of Northumberland in England were originally centered around the chief Reed residence at Troughend in Redesdale, on the banks of the River Rede. According to Sir Walter Scott: The earliest reference to the Reeds of Troughend is",
"psg_id": "11671030"
},
{
"title": "Jerry Reed",
"text": "a back seat to his acting aspirations. In 1974, he co-starred with his close friend Burt Reynolds in the film \"W.W. and the Dixie Dancekings\". While he continued to record throughout the decade, his greatest visibility was as a motion picture star, almost always in tandem with headliner Reynolds; after 1976's \"Gator\", Reed appeared in 1978's \"High-Ballin'\" and 1979's \"Hot Stuff\". He also co-starred in all three of the \"Smokey and the Bandit\" films; the first, which premiered in 1977, landed Reed a No. 2 hit with the soundtrack's \"East Bound and Down\". In 1977, Reed joined entrepreneur Larry Schmittou",
"psg_id": "3028940"
},
{
"title": "Reed & Reed",
"text": "contractor, based out of New Hampshire. PLC Construction was often a subcontractor of Reed & Reed and employed approximately 40 workers at the time of purchase. Reed & Reed Reed & Reed Inc. is a private general contractor based in Woolwich, Maine. Founded in 1928 by Captain Josiah W. Reed and son Carlton Day Reed, the initial capital was roughly $2,000. By 1930, Reed & Reed was already beginning its first bridge construction projects. These would come to define the company's image for nearly five decades. Although founded in 1928, Reed & Reed, Inc. was first incorporated in 1982. Since",
"psg_id": "15963849"
},
{
"title": "Ricky Reed",
"text": "2016, Ricky Reed was Grammy nominated for the Grammy for Producer of the Year for his work on “Better” (Meghan Trainor Featuring Yo Gotti) (S) • “Cruel World” (Phantogram) (S) • “Girls Talk Boys” (5 Seconds Of Summer) (S) • “HandClap” (Fitz And The Tantrums) (S) • “Me Too” (Meghan Trainor) (S) • “No” (Meghan Trainor) (S) • “Sober” (DJ Snake Featuring JRY) (T) • “You Don't Get Me High Anymore “(Phantogram) (S) Ricky Reed Eric Burton Frederic, known professionally as Ricky Reed, is an American artist, Grammy-nominated music producer, songwriter and founder of Nice Life Recording Company. Reed is",
"psg_id": "18784405"
}
] | [
"robert (name)",
"robt.",
"robert",
"robt",
"roberto",
"list of famous roberts",
"roope",
"robbert"
] |
which country does the airline sansa come from? | [
{
"title": "SANSA Flight 32",
"text": "of a flight safety program in SANSA. SANSA Flight 32 SANSA Flight 32, a CASA C-212 Aviocar on its way to Palmar Sur Airport crashed into the Cerro Cedral, a mountain in Costa Rica after takeoff from Juan Santamaria International Airport in San Jose on January 15, 1990. All 20 passengers and 3 crew on board died in the crash. Pilot fatigue was determined to be the cause. At the time, it was the worst accident involving a CASA C-212 Aviocar and is currently the fifth worst accident. It is also currently the second worst accident in Costa Rica. SANSA",
"psg_id": "16999339"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "to flay the maid who had told Sansa of the signal, and forces Sansa to look at her corpse. Furious, Sansa confronts Reek, who admits that he had failed to capture Sansa's brothers Bran and Rickon, and killed two farm boys in their place. While the Boltons prepare to battle Stannis Baratheon's advancing forces, Sansa signals to Brienne, unaware that she has left to kill Stannis. When help does not come, Sansa attempts to return to her room but is caught by Ramsay's paramour Myranda, who threatens to mutilate Sansa. Finally snapping, Theon throws Myranda to her death, just as",
"psg_id": "4112264"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "which annuls his marriage with Sansa. Sansa, while pretending to be devastated, is secretly delighted she no longer has to marry Joffrey. However Petyr Baelish warns that while Sansa is no longer engaged, Joffrey would have greater rein to abuse Sansa, especially now she is a woman. Petyr assures Sansa he will help get her home, in which Sansa once again displays a facade, asserting Kings Landing is her home. Petyr advises Sansa that everyone in Kings Landing is a liar, and that they are much more cunning at it than her. With her engagement to Joffrey annulled, Sansa does",
"psg_id": "4112254"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Before the battle of the Blackwater, Joffrey forces Sansa to kiss the blade of his sword, while bragging he will kill Stannis himself. Sansa implicitly taunts Joffrey by remarking he must be battling in the vanguard (which of course he would not be). Joffrey responds to this by insisting Sansa will kiss the blade again with Stannis' blood on it. During the battle, Sansa takes refuge with Cersei, Shae and the other women and children of Kings Landing. A drunk Cersei openly torments Sansa and the women. She does this by explaining that if the city falls, they will all",
"psg_id": "4112252"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "be raped and have bastards in their bellies come morning. Cersei continues her taunting by also telling Sansa that tears are not the only weapons women have; the greatest weapon they own are between their legs. Following Cersei's departure from the refuge with Tommen, Sansa leaves to hide in her bedchamber, where she finds Sandor Clegane. Sandor, about to leave Kings Landing, offers to take Sansa home. Sansa declines, insisting Stannis would not harm her. After the battle is won by the Lannister-Tyrell forces, Loras Tyrell asks Joffrey to take his sister, Margaery, as his bride. Joffrey accepts the proposal,",
"psg_id": "4112253"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "marriage between Sansa and Ramsay Bolton, now the heir to the North after the death of Robb Stark. Though Sansa is reluctant to marry Ramsay, as his father Roose had personally murdered Robb, Baelish persuades her by claiming that the marriage will give her the opportunity to avenge her family. On the way to Winterfell, they encounter Brienne of Tarth, who had sworn to Catelyn Stark to take Sansa to safety and tries to convince Sansa to come with her; Baelish has her chased off by his men, but Brienne follows Sansa to Winterfell regardless. Though initially charming, Ramsay's sadistic",
"psg_id": "4112262"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "A regular e200 could be flashed into an e200R and back again. The Sansa Connect is a Wi-Fi-enabled player that allows the user to connect to any open network in the area. The Mono/Linux-based device has a 2.2-inch TFT LCD screen, but unlike SanDisk's previous player, the e200 series, the Sansa Connect does not have the ability to connect via USB mass storage or tune to FM radio yet. The player was developed by ZING Systems in collaboration with SanDisk and Yahoo!, which provides music streaming via LAUNCHcast radio and a subscription download service. Viewing pictures from Flickr is also",
"psg_id": "9678622"
},
{
"title": "Sansa c200 series",
"text": "The frame-rate is also incredibly low making very difficult to play any of the games that come with the c200 Rockbox build. The built-in voice recorder can only record in mono. The reception of the built-in FM radio can sometimes cut out due to the use as headphones as the antenna. Like the Sansa e200, the left channel contact of the headphone jack has a tendency to disconnect from the main circuit board, but it can be repaired with solder and hot glue. Some low-power USB chargers are unable to charge the c200 battery. Sansa c200 series The Sansa c200",
"psg_id": "15255736"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "the various people she has killed on her travels; Arya catches Sansa and tells Sansa of her ability to assume people's identities with the faces while menacing Sansa with a dagger, before abruptly handing Sansa the dagger and leaving. Sansa later receives an invitation to King's Landing, where Jon intends to present Cersei (now Queen of the Seven Kingdoms) with proof of the White Walkers' existence. Refusing to return to King's Landing, she sends Brienne as her representative. Sansa later shows Littlefinger the letter she received from Jon following the meeting in King's Landing, in which Jon states that he",
"psg_id": "4112270"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "of his mother Lysa, and is shown to have grown in intelligence since the start of the series - she is able to figure out some of Baelish's plans, and does not trust him as she once did with Joffrey. Sansa is first seen with Arya at Winterfell during their embroidery lesson with Septa Mordane. Following the arrival of Robert Baratheon and his escort at Winterfell, he insists to Ned that Joffrey and Sansa should be married in order to join their houses. Sansa, who is desperate to leave Winterfell begs Catelyn to make Ned agree to the engagement. Following",
"psg_id": "4112243"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "enters the court and rescues Sansa. Despite being a dwarf, Tyrion takes pity on Sansa's situation, and offers to have the engagement called off. Sansa maintains her facade that she is loyal to Joffrey, which impresses Tyrion to the point of believing Sansa might just survive Kings Landing. Tyrion has his lover, Shae, positioned as Sansa's handmaiden. Sansa and Shae form a friendship, in which Sansa is able to vent about her hatred of the Lannisters without fear of being revealed. Sansa is present when the royal family bids farewell to Joffrey's sister, Myrcella, on her departure to Dorne to",
"psg_id": "4112249"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "form an alliance between the Lannisters and the Martells. While returning to the Red Keep, a riot breaks out in the streets of Kings Landing, amidst which Sansa finds herself caught in the fray. Three peasant men chase Sansa and attempt to rape her, before she is rescued and returned to the castle by Sandor Clegane. The following morning, Sansa has a nightmare of the incident, and wakes up in a bloodstained bed. Sansa had flowered, which meant she could bear Joffrey children. Sansa and Shae attempt to conceal this, which involved Shae threatening to kill a witness handmaiden if",
"psg_id": "4112250"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "entire Stark household in Kings Landing, with the exception of Sansa and Arya, are executed. Cersei persuades Sansa to write to Robb and Catelyn Stark imploring them to swear fealty to Joffrey. At court, Sansa pleads to Joffrey to show Ned mercy, in which he agrees on the condition Ned swears loyalty to Joffrey. Sansa is present at the Great Sept of Baelor, where she is initially confident Ned will be saved. However, Sansa is horrified when Joffrey orders Ned's execution, and begs someone to intervene, before fainting as Ned is beheaded. Sansa, grieving the death of her father, is",
"psg_id": "4112246"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "although Jon initially refuses, he changes his mind after Ramsay sends a letter to Jon in which he gloats that he holds Rickon Stark captive and threatens to kill the Starks and the Wildlings Jon has let through the Wall if Sansa is not returned. Before Jon and Sansa leave Castle Black, Baelish arranges a meeting with Sansa in Mole's Town. He insists that he was unaware of Ramsay's nature and offers the support of the Knights of the Vale, also mentioning that her great-uncle Brynden \"Blackfish\" Tully has captured Riverrun from House Frey. Sansa sends Baelish away, declaring that",
"psg_id": "4112266"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "where Sansa apologizes for not telling Jon about Baelish and the Knights of the Vale. Jon forgives her but asks that they trust each other completely from now on. Sansa and Jon then share a happy smile when Sansa tells him that Winter is finally here. While in the godswood Baelish confesses his ambition to rule Westeros with Sansa at his side, but Sansa rebuffs his advances. Sansa also ignores Baelish's attempts to drive a wedge between her and Jon, but is surprised when the Northmen and Valemen declare Jon the new King in the North. Despite this she smiles",
"psg_id": "4112268"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "nature becomes apparent when Sansa discovers that he has captured and enslaved Ned's former ward Theon Greyjoy, and forced him to assume the identity of his serving man, Reek. Sansa and Ramsey wed in front of the Godswood. That night, Ramsey rapes Sansa, and forces Reek to watch. Over the next few days, Ramsay continues to rape and beat Sansa every night, and keeps her locked in her bedchamber. Sansa begs Reek to help her signal her northern allies by lighting a candle in the broken tower. Reek, wishing to spare Sansa from Bolton's wrath, instead tells Ramsay. He proceeds",
"psg_id": "4112263"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "first SanDisk mp3 player to not carry the Sansa name. SanDisk Clip Sport Plus was released in 2016, and is the first SanDisk MP3 player with Bluetooth and water resistance. Unlike the Clip Sport, the Clip Sport Plus does not have a microSDHC card slot. Note: Refers to latest version of the SanDisk firmware. Earlier version may have fewer features. Vorbis, FLAC, AAC, Replaygain and folder browsing are always included in Rockbox. Source: On August 24, 2011, SanDisk announced the Sansa Clip Zip, an update to the Clip+. Two versions are available, a 4 GB model for US$50 and an",
"psg_id": "9678605"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "SanDisk Sansa The SanDisk Sansa is a line of 2- to 32-gigabyte flash memory-based portable media players produced by SanDisk. The Clip Jam was released in 2015, and is similar to the Clip Sport with a smaller screen. The Clip Sport was announced on February 10, 2014, with capacities of 4GB, 8GB. It is similar to previous Clip models, with a larger screen and longer battery life, but with no voice recorder. Later firmware uses the menu button for locking. A microSDHC card slot is provided to increase the storage capacity, but it does not support slotRadio. This is the",
"psg_id": "9678604"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "the Bolton forces return. Fearful of Ramsay's reaction, Theon and Sansa jump from Winterfell's battlements into the snow. Sansa and Theon are captured by Bolton soldiers in the forest outside Winterfell, but Brienne and her squire Podrick Payne arrive in time to rescue them and kill the Bolton soldiers. This time, Sansa accepts Brienne's loyalty. While Theon returns to the Iron Islands, Sansa, Brienne, and Podrick journey on to Castle Black, where her half-brother Jon Snow has just resigned as Lord Commander of the Night's Watch. Sansa tries to persuade Jon to help her drive the Boltons out of Winterfell;",
"psg_id": "4112265"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Sansa, Ned, and Arya's departure from Winterfell, Joffrey is injured by Arya's direwolf Nymeria, after he attacks the butcher's boy (Arya's friend), and Arya. Sansa, who was a witness, claims to Robert and Cersei that she did not know what happened. As retribution for Joffrey's injury, Cersei convinces Robert to have Sansa's direwolf, Lady, slaughtered in place of the missing Nymeria. After arriving at Kings Landing, Sansa attends the Hands Tourney where Petyr 'Littlefinger' Baelish tells Sansa and Arya the story behind how Sandor 'The Hound' Clegane's face was burned. As time passes, Sansa begins to wear her hair like",
"psg_id": "4112244"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "niece is, and they are welcome to be housed. It is soon revealed however, Lysa mistrusts the relationship between Sansa and Baelish accusing Baelish of violating Sansa and accusing him of never loving her. Later in the keep, Sansa strikes Lysa's son Robin and Baelish appears. Baelish then proclaims his undying love for her deceased mother, Catelyn, and he shares a kiss with a stunned Sansa, with Lysa watching from above. Sansa is immediately summoned to Lysa's throne room, where she believes she had been summoned for striking her son. Lysa reveals she had observed the kiss, and though defending",
"psg_id": "4112260"
},
{
"title": "Sansa (film)",
"text": "Sansa (film) Sansa is a 2003 French film directed by Siegfried, starring Roschdy Zem. Siegfried also composed music for his film together with violinist Ivry Gitlis who play own role in the film. Original release summary: \"Les aventures rocambolesques de Sansa à travers le monde\" (Sansa's incredible adventures around the world). Artist/writer/director/producer Siegfried follows a street hustler/artist Sansa (Roschdy Zem) who makes his way from Paris to Russia using his street smarts. Sansa is charming and careless, living the bohemian life. His encounters are numerous, mostly with feminine characters, until he gets attached to an old and eccentric orchestra conductor",
"psg_id": "14885370"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "necklace turns out to be a fake; one of the gems contains poison, which Lady Olenna Tyrell uses to poison Joffrey at his wedding to Margaery Tyrell. In the commotion, Sansa is taken by Dontos, to Baelish's boat in Blackwater Bay. Baelish smuggles Sansa from King's Landing after both revealing the nature of the necklace and having Dontos killed by crossbow. Lord Baelish, with Sansa posing as his bastard daughter Alayne Stone, pass through the Blood Gates to the Eyrie and to the keep of Lysa Arryn. Lysa initially invites them with open arms, revealing she knows exactly who her",
"psg_id": "4112259"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Five Kings progresses, Sansa's position in Kings Landing becomes more perilous. On Joffrey's name day celebration, Sansa saves an inebriated Ser Dontos Hollard from execution, convincing Joffrey to instead make Dontos his fool. While at the celebration, Tyrion offers his condolences for Ned's death, in which Sansa insists her family are all traitors and that she is loyal to Joffrey. Later on, when her eldest brother Robb wins a battle against the Lannisters, Sansa is publicly beaten and humiliated in front of the court by Joffrey and Ser Meryn (on Joffrey's orders), as payment for her brother's crimes. Tyrion Lannister",
"psg_id": "4112248"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "forced by Joffrey to look upon the spiked heads of both Ned and Septa Mordane. Sansa begs Joffrey to let her return home, but he informs Sansa that they are still to be married, and that she will stay and obey. Joffrey also tells Sansa that he will give her Robb's head once he is defeated, in which she retorts that Robb will give her Joffrey's head instead. While on the boardwalk, Sansa moves to push Joffrey to his death, but is stopped by Sandor Clegane, who warns her she will continue to be abused. As the War of the",
"psg_id": "4112247"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "had pledged his support to Daenerys Targaryen. Littlefinger continues his manipulation of Sansa by claiming that Jon had betrayed the North and Sansa should seize power from Jon, as well as seemingly convincing her that Arya intends to murder her and take her role as Lady of Winterfell. Sansa summons Arya to the great hall and begins an accusation of treason and murder, but surprisingly directs the accusation towards Littlefinger. With help from their brother Bran (now known as Three-Eyed Raven), Sansa and Arya reveal that they are aware of Baelish's lies and treason and reveal his numerous crimes, including",
"psg_id": "4112271"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin. She is a prominent character in Martin's award-winning \"A Song of Ice and Fire\" series. Introduced in 1996's \"A Game of Thrones\", Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark. She subsequently appeared in the following three novels, \"A Clash of Kings\" (1998), \"A Storm of Swords\" (2000) and \"A Feast for Crows\" (2005). While absent from the fifth novel \"A Dance with Dragons\" as the books are separated geographically, Sansa is confirmed to",
"psg_id": "4112226"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "at him happy that he has been praised. But she stops smiling when she notices Littlefinger glaring sinisterly at her and Jon. Jon travels to Dragonstone to negotiate with Daenerys Targaryen for her support against the White Walkers, leaving Sansa as regent in his absence. Soon after, Bran and Arya return to Winterfell. Littlefinger seeks to drive a wedge between Sansa and Arya by letting Arya find Sansa's letter to Robb asking him to bend the knee to Joffrey, causing Arya to angrily confront Sansa. Sansa later sneaks into Arya's quarters and comes across the \"faces\" Arya has taken from",
"psg_id": "4112269"
},
{
"title": "Hon'inbō Sansa",
"text": "\"go-dokoro\", in which office Nikkai was provided fifty \"koku\" of rice and five servants. Also around this time (), Nikkai took the name \"Hon'inbō Sansa\" (\"Sansa\" written 算砂: the characters for \"calculating\" and \"sand\"). Sansa was also a strong \"shogi\" player, but in the Tokugawa period, go was organised into four \"houses\" (or \"academies\"), and shogi into three, which would compete in \"oshirogo\" \"Castle Go\" (and \"Castle shogi\") tournaments for the title \"Meijin\". (See more at \"History of shogi § Modern shogi\".) The official nature of these arrangements meant that go and shogi masters held different offices. In 1612, eight",
"psg_id": "2317236"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Fuze+",
"text": "Sansa Fuze+ The Sansa Fuze+ is a portable media player manufactured by SanDisk as part of their Sansa line of MP3 players. The Fuze+ was released on September 1st 2010, and is the direct successor to the Sansa Fuze. The Sansa Fuze+ is available in five colors: Black, Blue, Purple, Red, and White. Internal storage capacities of the player vary by color. The Fuze+ supports playback of common audio file formats, including MP3, WMA, Secure WMA, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, and AAC, as well as Audible, and Podcast formats. Tag data and album art associated with audio files are shown on",
"psg_id": "16109665"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "turn, Olenna suggests that Sansa should marry Willas Tyrell, brother to Margaery and grandson to Olenna. Sansa reveals the marriage plan to Ser Dontos who warns her of the Tyrells, however Sansa develops a close friendship with Margaery and is excited about becoming a part of her family when she marries Willas. However, when Tywin learns of the marriage plot he schemes to have Sansa's brother Robb Stark killed, knowing that would leave Sansa to inherit Winterfell and the North. He then commands his son Tyrion Lannister to marry Sansa. Tyrion is initially opposed to the marriage, but is eventually",
"psg_id": "4112237"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "she told anyone. However, Sandor Clegane sees the blood, and both Cersei and Joffrey are informed. Cersei invites Sansa to her chambers to share some of her wisdom and experience as a wife and a mother. Cersei reminisces that her husband Robert was not interested in her giving childbirth. Cersei explains to Sansa that while Sansa may never love Joffrey (and vice versa), she will love his children. Cersei warns Sansa that the more people she loves, the weaker she will be. Therefore, Sansa should only love her children, as it is the only love she has no choice in.",
"psg_id": "4112251"
},
{
"title": "Sansa (film)",
"text": "They're having fun...<br> They let themselves be guided by the music...\" —Siegfried \"(About Sansa)\" The film won Youth Jury Award at Ghent International Film Festival (2003). And also it was nominated for the Grand Prix of Sofia International Film Festival (2004). Sansa (film) Sansa is a 2003 French film directed by Siegfried, starring Roschdy Zem. Siegfried also composed music for his film together with violinist Ivry Gitlis who play own role in the film. Original release summary: \"Les aventures rocambolesques de Sansa à travers le monde\" (Sansa's incredible adventures around the world). Artist/writer/director/producer Siegfried follows a street hustler/artist Sansa (Roschdy",
"psg_id": "14885373"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Fuze",
"text": "storage and for the proprietary Sansa services known as Slotradio and Slotmusic. The connector on the Fuze supports Line Out Dock (LOD) which is preferred to power an external amp, bypassing the internal headphone amplifier. Sandisk includes the Sansa Media Converter to convert video and photos for use on the player. Equivalent open-source packages also exist, such as Video4Fuze. For editing playlists, the Sansa Fuze supports Windows Media Player (in MTP mode), Winamp (in MSC mode) and YAPL for Fuze (in MSC mode). In auto detect, one can view the files like one views them on a hard drive. One",
"psg_id": "12229482"
},
{
"title": "Maya Sansa",
"text": "with Marco Tullio Giordana in the film \"The Best of Youth\". On 2 May 2004 \"The New York Times\" published an article which named her as the new image of Italian cinema. On 14 June 2013, she won the David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actress for her role in \"Dormant Beauty\". Maya Sansa Maya Sansa (born 25 September 1975) is an Italian actress. Maya Sansa was born in Rome the daughter of an Iranian father and an Italian mother. When she was 14, she started to study acting at her high school in Rome the \"Virgilio\". She then moved",
"psg_id": "10347405"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "a member of House Stark as one of their allies, and quickly end the idea of the engagement, betrothing Loras to Cersei and engaging Sansa to Tyrion, which both Sansa and Shae are against. However, the day of the wedding, Tyrion promises not to harm her and, as she prepares to consummate the marriage, Tyrion realizes how unhappy she is and tells her that she doesn't have to consummate it unless she wants to. When Sansa asks Tyrion what would happen if she never wants him in her bed he quips \"And so my watch begins.\" She and Tyrion do",
"psg_id": "4112257"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Joffrey. Sansa reveals Joffrey's true, cruel personality, but Margaery and Lady Olenna merely pass it by as a trivial matter, saying there is nothing to be done to change a man's character, especially a king's. Sansa's affection for Loras grows, unaware that Loras is gay and, while he likes her and enjoys spending time with her, can never love her. Margaery proposes the idea that Loras will marry Sansa, meaning Sansa can leave King's Landing, which she is overjoyed at. But when this is reported to the Lannisters, they fear that the Tyrells will pose an even greater threat with",
"psg_id": "4112256"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "cable is included in the package if one is required to be used. The Sansa c200 has a removable, lithium-ion rechargeable battery, FM tuner/recorder, and built-in microphone. It also features a 1.4-inch 132 x 80 pixel color display and a microSD card slot. The players are compatible with many accessories which were originally made for the Sansa e200 series. The Sansa c200 series is available in 1 GB (c240) and 2 GB (c250) capacities. Newer models, referred to as v. 2, have different hardware that added support for the Audible file format 2. The packaging of the new models has",
"psg_id": "9678619"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "for DRM-free AAC audio files (such as those purchased from the iTunes Store). The new Clip Zip will be sold alongside the Clip+. Internally the Clip Zip is similar to the Clip+ (apart from the Zip having a color screen), and so retains its high quality DAC and amplifier. Unfortunately, the SanDisk company discontinued the Sansa Clip Zip player, and the current price on Amazon as of October 2017 for the Sansa Clip Zip is $104.99. The Sansa Fuze+, announced on August 31, 2010, in capacities of 4 GB (US$79), 8 GB (US$89) & 16 GB (US$119), is a portable",
"psg_id": "9678607"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "At Joffrey's wedding, Joffrey is poisoned, and Cersei orders both Tyrion and Sansa to be arrested. As Joffrey begins to choke to death, Sansa manages to flee during the chaos. Once in her room, she gathers her belongings and notices that one of the amethysts from her hairnet, a gift from Ser Dontos, is missing. Sansa immediately realizes that the prince had been poisoned and starts to doubt Ser Dontos' rescue plan. Understanding that she will be implicated in the murder of Joffrey, she chooses to flee King's Landing with the knight anyway. Ser Dontos is later killed by Petyr",
"psg_id": "4112240"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "very low distortion on difficult to drive headphones. The Sansa Clip+ proved popular with audio enthusiasts and programmers because of its very low cost, excellent DAC, and relatively mature Rockbox port. Rockbox substantially improves battery life and adds features such as parametric EQ, completely gapless playback and AAC audio playback. The Clip+ replaced the discontinued Sansa Clip, with which it shared nearly identical hardware aside from the microSDHC slot. The Clip+ User Manual provides instructions for copying files and folders of music from a PC onto the internal and/or external memories, using the Windows Explorer application. It also provides instructions",
"psg_id": "9678611"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Later, Sandor Clegane saves Sansa from a riot in King's Landing. During the Battle of Blackwater Bay, all of the highborn ladies in King's Landing stay in the Red Keep with Queen Cersei who drunkenly mocks and berates Sansa. After Cersei learns that they are losing the battle, she flees and Sansa comforts the remaining women before going to her quarters. Once there she finds Sandor Clegane there who offers to take her away with him during the Battle of the Blackwater. He is heavily drunk and forces her to sing for him at swordpoint, then rips his cloak off",
"psg_id": "4112235"
},
{
"title": "Sansa (film)",
"text": "a backpacking James Bond, jumping from one train to another, escaping trouble, running into friends everywhere he goes, and walking, his hands in his pockets, through the great icy lands of Russia and the Moroccan desert. In the end, despite following him for thousands of miles around the world, Sansa didn't go anywhere. \"France, Spain, Italie, Hungary, Russia, India, Japan, Egypt, Portugal, Ghana, Burkina Faso...<br> Passing through frontiers... No controls... Sansa is free. He loves women. Has love affairs. He's walking observing the world. A symphony of faces, unforgettable meetings... There is Click, the conductor...<br> There is Sansa and Click.",
"psg_id": "14885372"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Fuze+",
"text": "4, 8, and 16 gigabyte models are all sold. The Fuze+ also comes in five different colors, however the availability of internal storage capacities vary based on the color of the player The Sansa Fuze+ has its own stable port of Rockbox that expands greatly the capacity of the original software. For instance, with a full battery charge, the device can play music for more than 40 hours when the original firmware usually last far less than 20 hours. Sansa Fuze+ The Sansa Fuze+ is a portable media player manufactured by SanDisk as part of their Sansa line of MP3",
"psg_id": "16109668"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "of the new website. On September 3, 2006, SanDisk announced the \"Made for Sansa\" program, following the similar program by Apple inc for its iPod. With it, a number of 3rd party accessories have been released, including hardware accessories mostly for the proprietary 30-pin IO port featured on the e200, c200, Connect, View, and Fuze players. Maki Goto, a Japanese pop artist has also endorsed the Sansa e200 series with a promotional video, featuring one of her songs. SanDisk Sansa The SanDisk Sansa is a line of 2- to 32-gigabyte flash memory-based portable media players produced by SanDisk. The Clip",
"psg_id": "9678630"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Lysa later attempts to murder Sansa, but she is saved once again by Baelish, who kills Lysa. After Lysa's death, Sansa becomes mistress of the Eyrie and continues to pretend to be Baelish's illegitimate daughter, Alayne Stone. Baelish successfully pacifies the lords of the Vale, who suspected Baelish's hand in Lysa's death. Afterwards, Baelish reveals to Sansa his plans to eventually marry her to the heir to the Vale, Harrold Hardyng, and his long range plans to reveal her true identity and reclaim the North. Sansa acts as a mother figure to Robert Arryn, caring for him after the death",
"psg_id": "4112242"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "tourney with Sansa, but near the end he commands his guard Sandor Clegane, better known as The Hound, to take her back to her quarters. The Hound tells Sansa the little known story of his burned face and why he dislikes knights, threatening to kill her if she ever repeats his story to anyone. After Eddard discovers the truth of Joffrey's paternity, he tells Sansa that they will be heading back to Winterfell. Sansa is devastated and wishes to stay in King's Landing, so she runs off to inform Queen Cersei of her father's plans, unwittingly providing Cersei with the",
"psg_id": "4112232"
},
{
"title": "Maya Sansa",
"text": "Maya Sansa Maya Sansa (born 25 September 1975) is an Italian actress. Maya Sansa was born in Rome the daughter of an Iranian father and an Italian mother. When she was 14, she started to study acting at her high school in Rome the \"Virgilio\". She then moved to London to study at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. There she graduated in acting and was soon picked by Marco Bellocchio to take part in his new film: \"La balia\". Maya later worked with Bellocchio for a second time, starring in the film \"Goodmorning, Night\". Sansa has also worked",
"psg_id": "10347404"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "information needed to arrest her father. After Robert dies, Sansa begs Joffrey to show mercy on her father and he agrees to show Ned mercy if Ned will swear an oath of loyalty. After promising Sansa that he will be merciful, Joffrey has her father executed in front of her. Sansa is now effectively a hostage in King's Landing and finally sees Joffrey's true nature after he forces her to look at the tarred head of her now deceased father. Sansa is a hostage in King's Landing, and has learned to be outwardly loyal to King Joffrey to avoid severe",
"psg_id": "4112233"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "a southerner, and becomes rude towards Mordane, while also expressing fears that she will fail to give Joffrey a male heir. Following Ned's initial resignation as hand of the king, Sansa is devastated to hear she has to return to Winterfell, in which she likens Joffrey to a lion, and that he was nothing like Robert Baratheon. This statement from Sansa inspires Ned to investigate the Baratheon family line, prompting him to realise that Cersei's children were bastards fathered by Jaime Lannister, not Robert Baratheon. Following Robert's death, and Ned's arrest for declaring Joffrey was not the true king, the",
"psg_id": "4112245"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Heart",
"text": "(with front man Todd Snider) recorded the song in 2014 as a duet with Rosanne Cash. The song includes the lyrics: which \"The Yale Book of Quotations\" attributes as the source for similar aphorisms sometimes attributed to others (e.g. Annie's Mailbox attributes a version of the lyric to a combination of William Watson Purkey and Satchel Paige). In 2004 in response to an inquiry by a group of librarians Richard Leigh stated Come from the Heart \"Come from the Heart\" is a country music song written by Richard Leigh and Susanna Clark and published in 1987. It is most known",
"psg_id": "14239287"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Heart",
"text": "Come from the Heart \"Come from the Heart\" is a country music song written by Richard Leigh and Susanna Clark and published in 1987. It is most known through the 1989 single by Kathy Mattea, released in conjunction with her album \"Willow in the Wind\", though the song was first recorded and released on the 1987 Don Williams album \"Traces\" and also released in 1988 by Clark's husband on his album \"Old Friends\". Mattea's single was her third number one on the country chart, spending 14 weeks on that chart including a single week at the top. Hard Working Americans",
"psg_id": "14239286"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "a sword as fiercely as Arya and Brienne, or command a horde of dragons like Daenerys Targaryen, doesn't make her any less of a hero.\" Sansa received particular acclaim in Season 6 of the show, during which she began her quest to retake her family home and exact revenge on those who wronged her. In an interview with \"The New York Times\", actress Sophie Turner said that \"she's [Sansa] no longer a pawn in anyone's game; she's no longer a prisoner...she's the one taking charge and doing her own thing, which is very exciting\". Megan Garber of \"The Atlantic\" praised",
"psg_id": "4112278"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "possible with the device. The Sansa Connect is currently only available in the United States in capacities of 4 GB. The storage capacity is expandable with microSD cards, currently giving the player up to an extra 2 GB of storage. At the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show, the Sansa Connect won the Best of Show award. A new firmware update allows the player to support microSDHC cards up to a capacity of 8 GB and the playback of digital video. The original Sansa View was SanDisk's attempt at a portable media player, and had a 4-inch screen, built-in speaker and an",
"psg_id": "9678623"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "in \"A Game of Thrones\" and nearly 14 in \"A Feast for Crows\". Arguably the most naive of the Stark children at the start of the series, Sansa often finds herself used as a pawn in the machinations of the other characters. However, as the story progresses, she matures and becomes more of a player of the game rather than a pawn for other characters. Sansa Stark begins the novel by being betrothed to Crown Prince Joffrey Baratheon, believing Joffrey to be a gallant prince. While Joffrey and Sansa are walking through the woods, Joffrey notices Arya sparring with the",
"psg_id": "4112230"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "the show's decision to have Sansa be the one orchestrating Ramsay's death in Battle of the Bastards, saying that \"In the end, it was Sansa and her abuser, alone again in a darkened chamber; in the end though, it was Sansa making the decisions about who would be the victim.\" On the scene, Turner said: \"It's amazing. It's Sansa's first kill and it's such a strong moment for her because all her life she's been affected by these men who have just done such terrible things to her...\" Following the penultimate Season 6 episode, Bennett Madison of \"Vanity Fair\" wrote",
"psg_id": "4112279"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "girl to a strong young woman. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked Sansa as No. 4 on a list of the \"Top 40 \"Game of Thrones\" Characters\", saying that Sansa is \"often overlooked in favor of her killer kid sister\", but that her \"quiet, innate political shrewedness and emotional strength have enabled her to survive\", and calling her \"the show's best-kept secret\". In a ranking of the 48 best \"Game of Thrones\" characters listed in the main credits in the first five seasons on the website \"The Wrap\", Sansa was ranked at No. 4, ahead of the more popular Daenerys Targaryen, Jon Snow,",
"psg_id": "4112273"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "she never wants to see him again, but sends Brienne to the Riverlands to convince the Blackfish to aid the Starks. Although Jon and Sansa are only able to win over a handful of Northern lords, Jon insists that they must march on Winterfell, despite Sansa's objections. Sansa sends a letter to Baelish asking for his aid, and the Vale forces arrive at Winterfell in time to defeat the Boltons. Ramsay is captured and imprisoned with his hounds, and Sansa watches with satisfaction as they devour him alive. In the aftermath of the battle, she and Jon share a moment",
"psg_id": "4112267"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "this episode to 5.4 million for the next episode, \"The Gift.\" Sophie Turner has received several award nominations for her portrayal of Sansa. For her performance in the series she earned the Glamour Award for Best UK TV Actress in 2016 and 2017, and an EWwy Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2016. Other nominations include the Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a TV Series by a Supporting Young Actress in 2012, and the EWwy Award for Best Supporting Actress in a Drama Series in 2015. Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character",
"psg_id": "4112289"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "and Tyrion Lannister, saying that \"Sansa has been kind of great in Season 6, turning into the sort of badass we always hoped but never thought she actually could become\". In an article published on \"Mic.\"com, Julianne Ross says that \"the elder Stark daughter is often cited as one of the most reviled characters on \"Game of Thrones\"\", while also saying that \"not coincidentally, Sansa Stark is also one of the most classically feminine characters on the show.\" Ross criticized the heavy hatred for Sansa, particularly in contrast to \"her universally (and rightly) adored tomboy little sister Arya\", stating that",
"psg_id": "4112274"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "and in the game where characters like Arya would not last five minutes\". In an article published on MTV.com by Crystal Bell titled \"Sansa Stark is the Only \"Game of Thrones\" Hero Worth Rooting For\", Bell writes: \"Sansa is the most relatable character in George R.R. Martin's canon. She's often despised for having no agency, but the way I see it, Sansa is hated for being a woman. Unlike Brienne, Arya, Cersei, and Margaery -- models of the \"strong female character\" archetype—Sansa's passivity denotes weakness. She doesn't have cool swordplay skills like her sister Arya; she isn’t a smart seductress",
"psg_id": "4112276"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "and gives it to her a second time before leaving without her. When Sansa awakens, the battle is over. House Lannister has won the battle, her betrothal to Joffrey is called off so he can marry Margaery Tyrell instead. Joffrey informs Sansa that he can still use her when he is married and to expect a nightly visitor for a long while. In the third book, Sansa is invited by Margaery to dine with her and her grandmother Olenna Redwyne. The two women seek to learn the true nature of Joffrey Baratheon after he and Margaery have become betrothed. In",
"psg_id": "4112236"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "form somewhat of a friendly relationship, as he is kind to her and treats her well, and she soon realizes there are worse Lannisters to be wed to. However, their cordial relationship suffers a crushing blow when Sansa receives news of Robb and Catelyn's death at the Red Wedding, an event orchestrated by Tywin Lannister, Tyrion's father. Sansa, still distraught over the death of Robb and Catelyn, is approached by Dontos Hollard, a former knight whom Sansa had convinced Joffrey to make his fool instead of executing him. Dontos gives her a necklace, claiming it was his mother's. However, the",
"psg_id": "4112258"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "enticed by the prospect of becoming Lord of Winterfell, and so agrees to marry her. Sansa is shocked one morning when she is being fitted for a gown that she is to marry Tyrion that day. Joffrey taunts Sansa and acts on behalf of her father to give her away during the ceremony to add further insult. Sansa ignores Tyrion and refuses to bend as he attempts to put his cloak around her, an important marriage custom in Westeros. In turn, Joffrey commands Ser Dontos to act as a stool so that Tyrion can cloak his bride in spite of",
"psg_id": "4112238"
},
{
"title": "Sansa e200 series",
"text": "toggled to show up as standard USB flash drive. For V2 Sansa players with firmware version V03.01.11, this option has been completely removed from the settings menu. Upgrading to later firmware versions, V03.01.14 or V03.01.16 will restore the USB Mode menu option under the Settings menu. Under the USB Mode menu are three choices - Auto Detect, Media Transfer Protocol (MTP), and USB mass-storage class (MSC). MSC is Mass Storage Class where the computer would see the Sansa as a regular flash drive. MTP is Media Transfer Protocol which is a Microsoft-specific mode invented to deal with media files that",
"psg_id": "9183167"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "and Clip Zip products. Rockbox was released for the Clip v1 on November 21, 2009, and then for the Clip v2 on May 14, 2010. Firmware version 01.01.29, released in May 2008, enabled Ogg Vorbis compatibility for the Sansa Clip. The 01.01.30 firmware update improved OGG support and added FLAC support. The latest firmware packages for the Sansa Clip are 01.01.35 and 02.01.35, which depend on the hardware revision. The device (firmware 01.32+) has five folders: Audible (for Audible.com), Audiobooks (for files that you decide are audiobooks, allows for \"bookmarking\" of every file in this directory by a resume playback",
"psg_id": "9678615"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "microSD slot for up to 2 GB memory expansion. (Larger capacity microSDHC cards up to 32 GB are not supported by the original version 1 firmware but can be used with alternative Rockbox firmware, or on the version 2 player.) The Sansa e200R was released in October 2006. Physically identical to the regular Sansa e200, this player is sold exclusively at retailer Best Buy or directly through Rhapsody. The player has a feature called Rhapsody Channels, which is the online service's brand of podcasting, and also comes with preloaded content. The Rhapsody firmware also added support for AAC audio files.",
"psg_id": "9678621"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Fuze",
"text": "the device plugged in every time one wants to convert a file. The Sansa Fuze supports media playlist types of .m3u and .wpl. As of the 1.02.26 and 2.02.26 firmware revisions, Fuze now supports ReplayGain for MP3, WMA (non-DRM only), Vorbis and FLAC, which utilizes any ReplayGain metadata that has been encoded into the media files. Also, navigation by folder was implemented as an addition to browsing by metadata. The Sansa Fuze is compatible with Microsoft Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X when USB mode is set to MSC as a drag and drop USB mass storage device. The player",
"psg_id": "12229480"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "in place of Arya's direwolf, Nymeria, in the first installment. Lady is killed because Nymeria attacked the Crown Prince, Joffrey Baratheon and later fled. Sansa has been described as tall, slim, womanly, and beautiful, destined to be a lady or a queen. She has blue eyes and thick auburn hair that she inherits from her mother, who came from House Tully in the Riverlands region prior to her marriage to Eddard Stark. She has her hair dyed dark brown later on while in the Vale, disguising as Alayne Stone- the bastard daughter of Petyr Baelish. Sansa is 11 years old",
"psg_id": "4112229"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "his short stature. Later Sansa dances with many lords who attempt to offer words of comfort, however when it is her turn to dance with Joffrey, he threatens to rape her after her marriage. Tyrion intervenes and states his desire to castrate Joffrey. After the wedding ceremony, Tyrion chooses not to consummate the marriage due to Sansa's lack of desire in him. It is not long before many in King's Landing come to know that the marriage was never consummated. It is not long after Sansa's marriage that Joffrey and Margaery are wed and afterwards there is a grand feast.",
"psg_id": "4112239"
},
{
"title": "Sansa e200 series",
"text": "include Digital Rights Management. The Sansa e200R was released in October 2006. Physically identical to the regular Sansa e200, this player is sold exclusively at Best Buy, or directly through Rhapsody, the RealNetworks digital music store. The main differences in the e200R is the firmware and bootloader, which are not easily interchangeable with the e200. The player has a feature called \"Rhapsody Channels\", which is the online service's brand of podcasting, and also comes with pre-loaded content. Models with smaller capacities will receive about 1 GB of pre-loaded content, while bigger ones will have approximately 2 GB. It also anti-aliases",
"psg_id": "9183168"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Baelish, who reveals that he is the mastermind behind nearly all of the intrigues in the capital. He reveals that he was the one who sent Dontos to her and that Olenna took the amethyst from her hairnet. Baelish smuggles Sansa to safety in the Vale of Arryn, where she poses as his bastard daughter Alayne Stone. She is taken to her Aunt Lysa Arryn, now married to Baelish. Lysa declares that Sansa must marry her sickly boy Robert, heir to the Vale. Petyr Baelish and Lysa are wed, however Lysa becomes jealous when she witnesses Littlefinger kissing her niece.",
"psg_id": "4112241"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "his murder of Lysa Arryn, his orchestrating the murders of both Jon Arryn and Eddard Stark, and his manipulating the Starks and Lannisters to war. Finding himself without support, Baelish tries to plead for his life, but Sansa refuses and allows Arya to slit Baelish's throat with his own Valyrian dagger, ending his manipulation and treachery for good. The Stark sisters later resolve their differences, and acknowledge that the Starks must stand together to survive the winter. As her storyline has progressed, Sansa has received critical acclaim for the development of her character and her emergence from a naive young",
"psg_id": "4112272"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "media player with a 2.4 inch color display (QVGA) and touch capability. It also features an FM radio with FM recording and RDS capability, a voice recorder, and 24 hours of audio playback from a single charge. It supports the following audio formats: MP3, WMA, Secure WMA, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, AAC, Audible, Podcasts. For video it supports MPEG-4, H.264, and WMV. Storage is expandable via a microSDHC slot, and it can be used to play slotMusic and slotRadio cards. On August 31, 2009, SanDisk released a redesign of the Sansa Clip called the Sansa Clip+, cosmetically similar to the Clip",
"psg_id": "9678608"
},
{
"title": "Hon'inbō Sansa",
"text": "Hon'inbō Sansa Hon'inbō Sansa (本因坊 算砂, 1559 – June 13, 1623) was the assumed name of Kanō Yosaburō (加納 與三郎), one of the strongest Japanese Go players of the Edo period (1603–1867), and founder of the house of Hon'inbō, first among the four great schools of Go in Japan. He was a Buddhist priest of the Nichiren sect, and his original dharma name was Nikkai (日海). Nikkai was born in Kyōto and became a monk at age nine. The name \"Hon'inbō\", (originally pronounced \"Honninbō\"), comes from a sub-temple of the Jakkōji temple complex in Kyōto where Nikkai, the first \"Hon'inbō\",",
"psg_id": "2317232"
},
{
"title": "Back Where I Come From",
"text": "Back Where I Come From \"Back Where I Come From\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \"Simple Life\". The song reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Its B-side, \"Company Time\", was later a single for Linda Davis in 1994. The song is a mid-tempo in which the narrator expresses nostalgia towards his hometown in Mississippi. Regarding its content, McAnally told \"American Songwriter\", \"When I wrote 'Back Where I Come From' I thought that it",
"psg_id": "16269689"
},
{
"title": "Sansa e200 series",
"text": "the text displayed, and has different names for the USB modes.898141 Sansa e200 series The Sansa e200 series is a portable media player developed by SanDisk, and released on January 5, 2006. The device is available in four capacities of Flash memory: 2 GB (e250), 4 GB (e260), 6 GB (e270), and 8 GB (e280). All players have a 1.8-inch, TFT LCD display with a resolution of 176 by 220 pixels. Certain files, if not in a format accepted by the player, must first be converted with the Sansa Media Converter Windows software. This will convert images to bitmap format",
"psg_id": "9183169"
},
{
"title": "Sansa c200 series",
"text": "Sansa c200 series The Sansa c200 series is a line of portable media players developed by SanDisk. The line consists of two models: the c240, 1 GB, the c250, 2 GB. Both models feature a micro SD card slot, a 1.4 inch LCD display, a built-in microphone, and an FM radio. c200 series players are available in four colors: black, red, pink, and blue. The Sansa c200 series can play MP3, WMA, and WAV audio files and reads audio file tags to display song information such as album, artist, title and album art. c200 series players automatically sort music files",
"psg_id": "15255730"
},
{
"title": "Sansa e200 series",
"text": "Sansa e200 series The Sansa e200 series is a portable media player developed by SanDisk, and released on January 5, 2006. The device is available in four capacities of Flash memory: 2 GB (e250), 4 GB (e260), 6 GB (e270), and 8 GB (e280). All players have a 1.8-inch, TFT LCD display with a resolution of 176 by 220 pixels. Certain files, if not in a format accepted by the player, must first be converted with the Sansa Media Converter Windows software. This will convert images to bitmap format (.bmp) and videos to MJPEG (in a .mov container), for v1",
"psg_id": "9183162"
},
{
"title": "The Wars to Come",
"text": "the request. Later, Daario urges her to reconsider, as his youth spent fighting in the pits gave him the combat skills necessary for him to join the Second Sons, where he met Daenerys. After a comment made by Daario, Daenerys visits her two captive dragons, Viserion and Rhaegal, which she locked underground to prevent them from killing people. When she approaches them, they show aggression toward her, forcing her to flee the room. Lord Petyr Baelish and Sansa Stark watch Lord Robin Arryn struggle while sparring with a young boy. Sansa witnesses Baelish receiving a message, which he quickly hides.",
"psg_id": "18637784"
},
{
"title": "SANSA Space Science",
"text": "SANSA Space Science SANSA Space Science, previously the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory (HMO) is South Africa's national geomagnetic research facility. The observatory is situated in the town of Hermanus in the Western Cape Province and forms part of the South African National Space Agency. The observatory is an active participant in the International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network, one of a large number magnetic observatories which monitor and model variations of the Earth’s magnetic field. The HMO consists of four operational groups: Since 1957 the observatory has been operating neutron monitors. Currently this is being done on behalf of the North-West University",
"psg_id": "7153160"
},
{
"title": "SANSA Space Science",
"text": "and consists of 12 Chalk River neutron counter tubes. SANSA Space Science SANSA Space Science, previously the Hermanus Magnetic Observatory (HMO) is South Africa's national geomagnetic research facility. The observatory is situated in the town of Hermanus in the Western Cape Province and forms part of the South African National Space Agency. The observatory is an active participant in the International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network, one of a large number magnetic observatories which monitor and model variations of the Earth’s magnetic field. The HMO consists of four operational groups: Since 1957 the observatory has been operating neutron monitors. Currently this",
"psg_id": "7153161"
},
{
"title": "Sky Airline",
"text": "Sky Airline Sky Airline is an airline based at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. It is the second largest airline in the country behind rival LATAM Airlines and the first airline to operate under a low-cost model in the country. It serves international routes to Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay. It also operates charter flights in Chile and South America. Sky Airline was controlled by its founder, Jürgen Paulmann (1930–2014), a German-Chilean businessman, brother of retail billionaire Horst Paulmann. It started operations in December 2001 and made the first flights from Santiago to Northern Chile in",
"psg_id": "5372706"
},
{
"title": "Sansa e200 series",
"text": "models. On v2 players it will convert videos to DivX and simply resize images. It is not possible to simply copy videos to the device, even if they seem to be in the correct format; trying to access them displays an error message. The Sansa e200 series can display album art and display song information, thanks to the audio files' ID3 content. The players are powered by a user-replaceable (offered as replacement set by SanDisk and some competitors) lithium ion battery that is also rechargeable, and come with a built-in expansion slot for microSD cards, an FM tuner with a",
"psg_id": "9183163"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Framework",
"text": "a class, fill the properties and call the insert method. The code above insert one record to the table users with the name test.<br> The code above print test. The code above print test too. Complex code: The code below shows how to create joins. Sansa Framework Sansa Framework is a structure to create PHP web applications using the MVC model, it's a web application that must be installed in a server to work, could be installed in a test server or in production server. The developer must create a data model and do all the changes the project need",
"psg_id": "17702413"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "return in the forthcoming next book in the series, \"The Winds of Winter\". In HBO's adaptation of the series, \"Game of Thrones\", Sansa is portrayed by English actress Sophie Turner. The character has received critical acclaim, being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by \"Rolling Stone\". She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012, 2014, 2015 and 2016. Sansa Stark is the second child and elder daughter of Eddard Stark and Catelyn Stark. She was born and raised in",
"psg_id": "4112227"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Framework",
"text": "Sansa Framework Sansa Framework is a structure to create PHP web applications using the MVC model, it's a web application that must be installed in a server to work, could be installed in a test server or in production server. The developer must create a data model and do all the changes the project need and at any time generate the model. The generation creates a Database in Mysql server with the same name of the model and a n-tier layer of libraries to handle the Db. To insert a new record to the table, create a new instance of",
"psg_id": "17702412"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "butchers boy, Mycah. A fight breaks out and Joffrey is attacked by Nymeria (Arya's Direwolf) after Joffrey threatens to hurt Arya. Sansa lies to King Robert about the circumstances of the fight in order to protect both Joffrey and her sister Arya. Since Arya ran off with her wolf to save it, Sansa's wolf is killed instead, estranging the Stark daughters. During the Tourney of the Hand to honour her father Lord Eddard Stark, Sansa Stark is enchanted by the knights performing in the event. At the request of his mother, Queen Cersei Lannister, Joffrey spends a portion of the",
"psg_id": "4112231"
},
{
"title": "Hon'inbō Sansa",
"text": "go and shogi players were given individual state support. This system persisted over two and a half centuries, until the collapse of the Tokugawa government itself in the Meiji Restoration. The beginning of the \"oshirogo\" matches in Edo, seat of the Tokugawa government, meant that at the end of each year, Sansa had to travel east for a month. He is said to have turned down an official residence in Edo's early Nihonbashi district, but was given other accommodations. (It was the unrivaled fourth Hon'inbō, Hon'inbō Dōsaku (1645–1702) who finally moved the school to Edo.) Sansa died in Edo at",
"psg_id": "2317237"
},
{
"title": "Hon'inbō Sansa",
"text": "the age of 65. Honinbō Sansa was succeeded by a youth named Sugimura, who due to his age, had to wait several years after Sansa's death to re-establish the Hon'inbō house as Hon'inbō San'etsu when he turned twenty. However, the title of \"Meijin\" was regained by the third head of Hon'inbō, and altogether, seven of the ten generations of historic \"Meijin\" were Hon'inbō. In addition, all three traditional \"Kisei\" (\"Go Sages\") were Hon'inbō masters. (Both \"Meijin\" and \"Kisei\" are now titles administered by the Nihon Ki-in.) The school established by Hon'inbō Sansa, along with the Inoue and Yasui schools, lasted",
"psg_id": "2317238"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "mm x 32.8 mm x 20.8 mm and weighing under . Its release date was January 11, 2006. Released October 26, 2007, the Sansa TakeTV is an easy to use plug-and-play storage device that allows the playback of DivX, Xvid, and M-PEG 4 files on an external display via the included dock and remote. Unlike other Sansa products, the TakeTV is not a digital audio player. The device comes in 4 and 8 GB. While the user is free to use his own videos, TakeTV comes with FanFare, a program similar to iTunes, allowing the user to purchase premium content.",
"psg_id": "9678628"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "herself and Baelish's actions against her, Lysa holds her to the Moon Door, a trap door that leads hundreds of feet down into the mountains below. Baelish intervenes before she gets the chance to execute Sansa and pushes Lysa to her death instead as he proclaimed his love for her sister. Then Baelish later claimed to the lords of the Vale that she committed suicide. Sansa is called to give testimony, and although she reveals her true identity, she supports Baelish's story. She then joins Baelish and her cousin Robin Arryn on a tour of the Vale. Baelish brokers a",
"psg_id": "4112261"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "expansion slot for SDHC and SD cards. It was announced on the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show. On June 1, 2007, SanDisk announced that the player had been shelved. It has since been redesigned and launched. The Sansa c100 series players have color displays and are able to show cover art and small picture thumbnails. They use AAA batteries and are available in 1 GB (c140) or 2 GB (c150) of capacity. They also have built in microphones for recording and settings they also have radio and music. The Sansa m200 series are digital audio players that have been released in",
"psg_id": "9678624"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Stark",
"text": "Sansa \"arguably gets a disproportionate amount of fan hate because she doesn't fit the narrow 'strong female character' mold we're used to rooting for.\" Blogger Rhiannon Thomas of \"Feminist Fiction\" wrote in 2012 that \"the focus on this sort of female character - the oft-cited 'strong female character' - seems to suggest that femininity is still \"bad,\" and that women can only be strong by adopting stereotypically male roles and attitudes\". Thomas went on to say that \"in an abusive situation that would break so many people, Sansa survives\" and that she has a \"woman's courage\" that \"keeps her alive",
"psg_id": "4112275"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Fuze",
"text": "WMA, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, AAC, Audible, Podcasts. For video it supports MPEG-4, H.264, and WMV. Storage is expandable via a microSDHC slot, and it can be used to play slotMusic and slotRadio cards. Sansa Fuze The Sansa Fuze is a portable media player developed by SanDisk and released on March 8, 2008. The Fuze is available in three different Flash memory capacities: 2 GB, 4 GB, and 8 GB and comes in six different colors: black, blue, pink, red, silver, and white. Storage is expandable via a microSDHC slot with capacity up to 32 GB, and unofficially to 64 GB",
"psg_id": "12229484"
},
{
"title": "Sansa Fuze",
"text": "Sansa Fuze The Sansa Fuze is a portable media player developed by SanDisk and released on March 8, 2008. The Fuze is available in three different Flash memory capacities: 2 GB, 4 GB, and 8 GB and comes in six different colors: black, blue, pink, red, silver, and white. Storage is expandable via a microSDHC slot with capacity up to 32 GB, and unofficially to 64 GB or more via FAT32 formatted SDXC cards. All models have a 1.9 inch TFT LCD display with a resolution of 220 by 176 pixels and a built-in monaural microphone and FM tuner; recordings",
"psg_id": "12229478"
},
{
"title": "Arkaim (airline)",
"text": "parent company. Expected to begin operations by the end of 2009, the airline also expects to add flights on local routes from Ufa to Neftekamsk and Sibay, possibly utilising Let L-410 Turbolet-sized aircraft. According to Kommersant, industry experts and competitors do not give the airline a chance at success, due to intensive competition on trunk routes, and the lack of a regional air travel market in Bashkortostan. Andrei Martirosov, the general director of UTair Aviation, does not believe that there is available US$500 million in Russia with which to build a network airline and also stated that he is not",
"psg_id": "13683290"
},
{
"title": "Hon'inbō Sansa",
"text": "into the 20th century, but struggled without government backing. In 1936, the last Hon'inbō master, the controversial Hon'inbō Shūsai, turned selection of the Hon'inbō title over to the Nihon Ki-in. (See Honinbō Tournament.) He has been featured in the Japanese manga Hikaru no Go. Hon'inbō Sansa Hon'inbō Sansa (本因坊 算砂, 1559 – June 13, 1623) was the assumed name of Kanō Yosaburō (加納 與三郎), one of the strongest Japanese Go players of the Edo period (1603–1867), and founder of the house of Hon'inbō, first among the four great schools of Go in Japan. He was a Buddhist priest of the",
"psg_id": "2317239"
},
{
"title": "SanDisk Sansa",
"text": "later e200/c200 models. The Sansa e100 series is a monochromatic player with a blue backlight, FM tuner with 20 presets, SRS WOW technology, an SD expansion slot capable of using cards up to 2 GB (non-SDHC), internal memory of 512 MB (e130) or 1 GB (e140), comes in two different colors (blue or gray, depending on the model), and uses a single AAA battery for power. It supports MP3, WMA and Audible file formats. The e140 series also known as Sansa SDMX2. Release date was January 12, 2006. The SanDisk SDMX1 (including SDMX1-1024, -512, and -256—reflecting capacity in MB), also",
"psg_id": "9678626"
}
] | [
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"costarrica",
"republic of costa rica",
"sport in costa rica",
"costarica",
"the republic of costa rica",
"costa rica",
"rich coast",
"costa-rica",
"climate of costa rica",
"costa rica",
"costa rican",
"república de costa rica",
"climate of costa rica",
"cosat rica",
"tiquicia",
"coasta rica",
"list of costa ricans",
"iso 3166-1:cr",
"america/costa rica",
"coast rice"
] |
who wrote the song harper valley pta? | [
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "Harper Valley PTA (film) Harper Valley PTA is a 1978 American comedy film inspired by the popular 1968 country song \"Harper Valley PTA\" written by Tom T. Hall and performed by country singer Jeannie C. Riley. The film starred Barbara Eden, Nanette Fabray, Ronny Cox, Louis Nye and Susan Swift, directed by Richard Bennett, and primarily released to drive-in theaters throughout the summer of 1978. The film has a cult following in fans of the original song. The film's promotional tagline is: \"\"The song was scandalous. The movie is hilarious!\"\" Stella Johnson is a beautiful widowed single mother who lives",
"psg_id": "10757228"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA",
"text": "Mayor Harper, Widow Jones, and Shirley Thompson. The classic \"Harper Valley PTA\" album cover shows a minidress-clad Riley—portraying Mrs. Johnson with PTA note in hand—standing beside a girl, who is portraying the teenage daughter of Mrs. Johnson. Jeannie C. Riley's recording won her a Grammy for the Best Country Vocal Performance, Female. Her recording was also nominated for \"Record of the Year\" and \"Song of the Year\" in the pop field. In the 1970s, Riley became a born-again Christian, started to sing gospel music and briefly distanced herself from the song. However, she never dropped it from her concerts, and",
"psg_id": "5082340"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA",
"text": "School in Bellevue, Tennessee, not far from his then-home in Franklin. He liked the sound of the name and decided to write a song using a similar place name. He also reportedly wrote the song about Olive Hill, Kentucky, where Hall grew up. The song was later the inspiration for a 1978 motion picture and a short-lived 1981 television series, both starring Barbara Eden, playing the heroine of the story, Mrs. Johnson—who now had a first name, Stella. Several other songs in the \"Harper Valley PTA\" album told stories of some of the other characters from the title tune, including",
"psg_id": "5082339"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA",
"text": "television show based on the earlier novel and film of the same name where a small town hides scandal and moral hypocrisy behind a tranquil facade. The show, then in the top 20 of Nielsen ratings, was in its fourth season when \"Harper Valley PTA\" was released. In the final line of the song the singer reveals herself as Mrs. Johnson's daughter, with the line: \"The day my mama socked it to the Harper Valley PTA\", referring to the popular phrase of that period \"Sock it to me\" from \"Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In\". According to producer Shelby Singleton, this line",
"psg_id": "5082337"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "Valley PTA: Original Soundtrack Recording was released in June 1978 on vinyl, cassette and 8-track by Plantation Records. To promote the film's release and its soundtrack, the title song by Jeannie C. Riley was re-issued as a single. The album made its compact disc premiere through Varèse Sarabande on October 27, 2017. In 1981, \"Harper Valley PTA\" was made into a television sitcom (created by Sherwood Schwartz) which aired on NBC from January 1981 to May 1982. Barbara Eden reprised her role as Stella Johnson for the series which lasted two seasons and a total of 30 episodes were produced.",
"psg_id": "10757227"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (TV series)",
"text": "by Barbara Eden wearing a black wig), much as she had when she was on her more famous series, \"I Dream of Jeannie\" when she played her evil twin sister, Jeannie II. The show ran from January 1981 to August 1982 on NBC; it was later released into syndication to local stations briefly in the mid-1980s, even though there were too few episodes made for it to be normally syndicated. Cable television network TV Land showed reruns of the show in 2000. Harper Valley PTA (TV series) Harper Valley PTA (known simply as Harper Valley during its second season) is",
"psg_id": "5082367"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA",
"text": "the town's alleged moral standards as the PTA's accusations against her) on the part of numerous people, present or not. She concludes her smackdown by calling Harper Valley \"a little \"Peyton Place\"\" and labeling the PTA a bunch of hypocrites. The song makes two references to short hemlines (\"you've been wearing your dresses way too high\"; \"wore her miniskirt into the room\") in reference to the miniskirt and the minidress, which had been gaining popularity in the four years since they were first introduced. The expression \"This is just a little Peyton Place\" is a reference to the \"Peyton Place\"",
"psg_id": "5082336"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "is arrested for embezzlement just as the PTA Board is about to vote against Stella's candidacy. Dutch and Tex, already in custody for the Skeeter Duggan kidnapping, tell the police that Flora was behind it all to keep Stella off the PTA Board. Stella decisively wins the election and becomes the new PTA president, with the whole town voting to get rid of Flora and her snobbish friends. Will and Stella then fly off in his helicopter (which is trailing a sign saying \"Stella Johnson for Mayor\") to get married. \"Harper Valley PTA\" was filmed in twenty-seven days from October",
"psg_id": "10757224"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA",
"text": "daughter of the widowed Mrs. Johnson. The story begins when the daughter brings home a note from the Harper Valley PTA, signed by the Secretary, which decries Mrs. Johnson's allegedly scandalous behavior. Examples of conduct the town views as offensive to moral standards include wearing short dresses, engaging in dalliances with men and \"goin' wild\". Mrs. Johnson is outraged and attends the PTA meeting that happens to be going on that afternoon. The members attending have a surprise when she walks in wearing a miniskirt; she then exposes a long list of indiscreet behavior (at least as severely afoul of",
"psg_id": "5082335"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (TV series)",
"text": "Eden), a single mother to teenager Dee (Jenn Thompson), who lived in the fictional town of Harper Valley, Ohio. The town was dominated by the namesakes of the founder, the Harper family, most prominently represented by the mayor, Otis Harper, Jr. (George Gobel, the only other cast member from the film to return). Mrs. Johnson's flouting of the small town's conventions, and exposure of the hypocrisy of many of its other residents, provided the series' humor. In the show's early episodes, Mrs. Johnson had been recently elected to the board of directors of the PTA and this was the source",
"psg_id": "5082365"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "recovery, filming resumed on November 30. \"Harper Valley PTA\" opened in six theaters in Lebanon, Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio on May 23, 1978 in accordance with executive producer Phil Borack's plan to release the film first in smaller markets, where regional success could encourage exhibitors in bigger cities to book the film. The film grossed over $2 million its opening weekend, $5.8 million in its first three weeks and over $16 million after twelve weeks. The film opened in limited release on June 2, 1978, Los Angeles on August 2, 1978 and New York City on January 12, 1979. Harper",
"psg_id": "10757226"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA",
"text": "it was always her most requested and popular number. Riley titled her 1980 autobiography \"From Harper Valley to the Mountain Top\", and released a gospel album in 1981 with the same title. The single's jump from 81 to 7 in its second week on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in late August 1968 is the decade's highest climb into that chart's Top Ten. Riley recorded a sequel song, \"Return to Harper Valley\", in 1984 (also written by Hall) but it was not a commercial success. In the sequel, Riley sings as Mrs. Johnson (instead of her daughter, as in the original).",
"psg_id": "5082341"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (TV series)",
"text": "of most of the show's plots; later it was decided that this idea had been carried about as far as was practical and the PTA aspect was dropped from the show, which was then retitled Harper Valley. During this phase, Stella's relationship with Dee was more prominent and actor Mills Watson joined the cast as Stella's eccentric uncle, Winslow Homer Smith. Nicknamed Buster, he was an inventor, whose inventions never worked the way they were supposed to. Stella still did battle with the Reillys on occasion. At various times, Stella had to deal with her devious twin, Della Smith (played",
"psg_id": "5082366"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "PTA letter), has fallen in love with her. Will and another male on the PTA board, Skeeter Duggan, the town's Notary public, are sympathetic to Stella and do not agree with Flora and her cronies. After being informed by Will of the current PTA Board's incompetence and mismanagement and with his help, Stella is convinced to make a run for President of the PTA, a move which infuriates Flora and her allies. After a makeover, which sees her braces removed and her hair styled, Dee also finds a boyfriend in handsome Carlyle, a popular school track star, which incurs the",
"psg_id": "10757220"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "Dee's help) wreaks hilarious and justified revenge on six of the hypocritical PTA members, with methods including: (1) tricking a married male board member who has repeatedly tried to date Stella into a disastrous rendezvous, (2) embarrassing Mrs. Simpson-Reilly at one of her grand social gatherings, (3) exposing the secret antics of a supposedly prim-and-proper female board member/teacher, and (4) sending a herd of pink-painted elephants into the bedroom of an alcoholic board member. During the course of the movie, she finds out that one of the male PTA members, wealthy Willis Newton (who was not a party to the",
"psg_id": "10757219"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "in the town of Harper Valley, Ohio. She sells cosmetics door-to-door for the fictitious AngelGlo Cosmetics and is not afraid to enjoy life. Her fourteen-year-old daughter, Dee, is a student at Harper Valley Junior High School. After leaving school, Dee brings her mother a letter from the school's Parent Teacher Association board, which is led by the pompous and snobbish Flora Simpson-Reilly. The letter denounces her for her not following the societal mores of the day and the community and further stating that if she does not change her ways more to the board's liking, Dee will be punished for",
"psg_id": "10757217"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "her mother's \"sins\" by being expelled from school. Infuriated by the board's supposed superiority and their glaring hypocrisy, Stella storms to the PTA meeting being held that day, and proceeds to tell most of the PTA members off by exposing their hidden skeletons for the town to see. After her house is TP'ed (Toilet-Papered) and a rock with a vile note attached is thrown through her window in retaliation, Stella prepares to get even with those who would want her driven out of town. She teams up with her friends, beautician Alice Finley and bartender Herbie Maddox, and (along with",
"psg_id": "10757218"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "the PTA Board meeting, Stella and Alice follow Olive to a racing stable and recover the stolen money, some of which had been marked by Will. As Stella and Alice race back to town, Will and Herbie spot the kidnappers and Skeeter outside the abbey from a helicopter and notify the girls. Disguised as nuns, Stella and Alice find Skeeter, free him and manage to escape with him after a wild car chase ending with the kidnappers crashing into a stream. Ultimately, Flora's scheme to prevent Stella's nomination fails miserably: Olive, who would have been the swing vote against Stella,",
"psg_id": "10757223"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "jealousy of Bettina Reilly, the equally snobbish granddaughter of Flora. Also shown are Edwina, Bettina's identical twin sister who is just as snobbish as Bettina, and Dee's best friend Mavis. Real estate agent Kirby Baker, a member of the PTA Board, plans to ruin Stella by foreclosing on her house (which his company owns), but is arrested for assaulting Myrna Wong, an Asian-American martial arts expert helping Stella to set up the lecherous Baker. Now things become more and more desperate. The board finally decide to resort to criminal means to maintain the power they hold, which is fast slipping",
"psg_id": "10757221"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA",
"text": "After purchasing a ticket to the high school dance (along with a chance to win a Stray Cats album) she decides to attend. This time she wears a full-length dress. She mentions how folks changed, some for the good (Bobby Taylor, who back in the day had repeatedly asked her for dates, was now paying attention to his wife; Mr. Harper and Shirley Thompson became a sober married couple; Mr. Baker and his secretary also married), and others for the bad (Mr. Kelly never stopped his alcohol abuse and died from cirrhosis and brain damage as a result, while \"Widow",
"psg_id": "5082342"
},
{
"title": "9 to 5 (Dolly Parton song)",
"text": "an inspiration for her latest album Golden. It is one of the few \"Billboard\" chart songs to feature the clacking of a typewriter. Parton has stated in a number of interviews that when she wrote the song, she devised the clacking typewriter rhythm by running her acrylic fingernails back and forth against one another. With \"9 to 5\", Parton became only the second woman to top both the U.S. country singles chart and the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 with the same single (the first being Jeannie C. Riley, who had done so with \"Harper Valley PTA\" in 1968). The song is",
"psg_id": "5956232"
},
{
"title": "The Generation Gap (song)",
"text": "join, contributing his tremendous bass skills ... Almost immediately we were in the studio recording a single-only release \"The Generation Gap\", a song originally recorded by Jeannie C. Riley (of \"Harper Valley PTA\" fame). I changed a couple of lines to suit myself but the ones about grown-ups getting stoned were from the original.\" - Dave Faulkner. The single represents the earliest recorded performance by the most stable version of Hoodoo Gurus. Credited to: The Generation Gap (song) \"The Generation Gap\" was a single by Australian rock group Hoodoo Gurus. It was released on RCA Records in 1988 as a",
"psg_id": "11519118"
},
{
"title": "The PTA Disbands",
"text": "the teachers going on strike would be that the PTA might disband. In addition to this, Mirkin added a character to the episode who, on thinking the PTA has disbanded, jumps panicking out of a window. He jumps back in the same window when he is told the PTA has not disbanded. The episode was directed by Swinton O. Scott III. In the opening shot of the episode, the bus that the children travel in to the field trip had to vibrate up and down to give the impression that it did not have bumpers and that it was falling",
"psg_id": "6253761"
},
{
"title": "Billboard Top Pop Hits",
"text": "Lulu — topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. \"Ode to Billie Joe\" was also a hit on the Hot Country Singles chart during 1967. \"To Sir with Love\" was the #1 song of the year. Three songs in this volume — \"Love is Blue\" by Paul Mauriat, \"Honey\" by Bobby Goldsboro and \"Harper Valley PTA\" by Jeannie C. Riley — topped the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In addition, \"Honey\" and \"Harper Valley PTA\" both reached number one on the Hot Country Singles chart. Three songs in this volume — \"Love Theme from \"Romeo and Juliet\"\" by Henry Mancini, \"In the Year 2525",
"psg_id": "12737050"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "1, 1977 to December 8, 1977. It was filmed on location for one week in the town of Lebanon, Ohio and then continued in Los Angeles, California. The track meet scene was filmed at Simi Valley High School On October 31, 1977, production ceased temporarily when Nanette Fabray was knocked to the ground by a spooked elephant while shooting a scene involving pink elephants in the Hancock Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California; she suffered a severe concussion, bruises and back sprains and was taken to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center where her condition was reported as serious but stable. Following her",
"psg_id": "10757225"
},
{
"title": "Another Day (Roy Harper song)",
"text": "Another Day (Roy Harper song) \"Another Day\" is a song by Roy Harper from his album \"Flat Baroque and Berserk\". The song has been covered by various artists that include: Susanna and the Magical Orchestra from the album \"3\", This Mortal Coil featuring the vocals of Elizabeth Fraser on the album \"It'll End in Tears\", by Kate Bush and Peter Gabriel who recorded a duet for her 1979 television special. The cover by Bush led to collaboration with Harper in 1980; he singing backing vocals on her song \"Breathing\" and she duetting on the track \"You\" on Harpers album \"The",
"psg_id": "14783511"
},
{
"title": "Another Day (Roy Harper song)",
"text": "Unknown Soldier\". Another Day (Roy Harper song) \"Another Day\" is a song by Roy Harper from his album \"Flat Baroque and Berserk\". The song has been covered by various artists that include: Susanna and the Magical Orchestra from the album \"3\", This Mortal Coil featuring the vocals of Elizabeth Fraser on the album \"It'll End in Tears\", by Kate Bush and Peter Gabriel who recorded a duet for her 1979 television special. The cover by Bush led to collaboration with Harper in 1980; he singing backing vocals on her song \"Breathing\" and she duetting on the track \"You\" on Harpers",
"psg_id": "14783512"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Harper",
"text": "Real World', and 'Living Lohan' Show. Harper began writing with Multi Platinum Award Winner Producer/Songwriter \"Rob Wells\" and together they immediately gained attention with placements winning the best song for \" Till this goes away\" in Songwriter Universe magazine. The song placed as a top 10 finalist in the International Songwriting Competition in the Top40/Pop category. Harper wrote a song on her EP with Christopher Ward best known for Black Velvet By Alannah Myles. Harper is back in the studio working on her soon to be released second studio album fall 2013. Kelly Harper Kelly Marie Harper (born June 28,",
"psg_id": "17461589"
},
{
"title": "Green Light (Lorde song)",
"text": "100 to number 19, and debuted at number six (52,000 downloads sold) on Digital Songs Sales, and at number 20 (13.6 million U.S. streams) on Streaming Songs, while drawing 20 million in radio airplay audience. It marked Lorde's third top 20 hit, preceded by \"Royals\" and \"Team\" (2013). With a leap of 81 spots, \"Green Light\" became one of several songs to have the biggest single-week upward movements since Jeannie C. Riley's \"Harper Valley PTA\" first accomplished this in 1968. The song performed modestly in other \"Billboard\" markets, landing within the top 20 on the Mainstream Top 40, and the",
"psg_id": "20026495"
},
{
"title": "George Gobel",
"text": "overwhelming, response. In the 1970s, Gobel was a regular panelist on the television game show \"Hollywood Squares\" hosted by Peter Marshall. He was also the voice of Father Mouse in the 1974 Christmas special \"Twas the Night Before Christmas\", and sang the song \"Give Your Heart a Try\" in that production. He also made a guest appearance on \"Hee Haw\" in 1976. In the early 1980s Gobel played Otis Harper, Jr., the mayor of Harper Valley in the television series based on the film \"Harper Valley PTA\". When ratings soared on \"The George Gobel Show\" (rated in the top ten",
"psg_id": "908146"
},
{
"title": "The Battle Hymn of Lt. Calley",
"text": "the fatalities of young men in his company. It then goes on to relate the events at My Lai from Calley's point of view. The song was written in April 1970 by Julian Wilson and James M. Smith of Muscle Shoals, Alabama. In November 1970 a few copies of it were issued by Quickit Publishing. In March 1971 Shelby Singleton, publisher of \"Harper Valley PTA,\" obtained the rights to the song and issued a new recording under his Plantation Records label. The single sold over one million copies in just four days, and was certified gold by the RIAA on",
"psg_id": "10762037"
},
{
"title": "The PTA Disbands",
"text": "The PTA Disbands \"The PTA Disbands\" is the 21st episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> sixth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 16, 1995. In the episode, Edna Krabappel calls an emergency strike on behalf of the Teachers' Union of Springfield Elementary, to protest against Principal Skinner's miserly school spending. The episode was written by Jennifer Crittenden and directed by Swinton O. Scott III, with David Mirkin serving as show-runner. The episode includes cultural references to a number of books highlighted by Edna Krabappel as having been banned by other schools – including William",
"psg_id": "6253755"
},
{
"title": "The PTA Disbands",
"text": "seen as an exception, writing: \"Generally, however, the Simpsons are right on target in their understanding of the importance of self-esteem and the dynamics involved in the interplay between the social world and positive self-regard.\" The PTA Disbands \"The PTA Disbands\" is the 21st episode of \"The Simpsons\"<nowiki>'</nowiki> sixth season. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 16, 1995. In the episode, Edna Krabappel calls an emergency strike on behalf of the Teachers' Union of Springfield Elementary, to protest against Principal Skinner's miserly school spending. The episode was written by Jennifer Crittenden and directed",
"psg_id": "6253771"
},
{
"title": "Harper Valley PTA (film)",
"text": "away thanks to Stella's growing popularity. The board members then decide to hire a couple of kidnappers named Dutch and Tex to have Skeeter abducted so they can commit election fraud. The kidnappers snatch Skeeter as he is taking the trash out and take him in a nearby abbey, where he is imprisoned and made drunk on wine. Olive Glover, the PTA's Recording Secretary who has a hardcore gambling addiction, has stolen money from the Milk Fund Rally, one of the PTA's numerous fund raisers, and intends to having Mavis framed for the crime and arrested. Leaving Dee to stall",
"psg_id": "10757222"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "Shelley as shown by several letters. \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" includes a favorable review of \"Shelley's Fiction\" (1998) by Phyllis Zimmerman, a book in which Zimmerman argues for Percy Bysshe Shelley's authorship of \"Frankenstein\", and a short bibliography of books and articles about Percy Bysshe Shelley and \"Frankenstein\". Lauritsen praises poet Edmund Blunden's \"\" (1946), calling it the best short biography about Percy Bysshe Shelley. \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" was first published in 2007 by Pagan Press. \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" was praised by the critic Camille Paglia, who wrote in \"Salon\" that \"Lauritsen assembles an overwhelming",
"psg_id": "17577337"
},
{
"title": "Plantation Records",
"text": "Plantation Records Plantation Records was a country music record label of the 1960s and 1970s helmed by Shelby Singleton. The label is best known for Jeannie C. Riley's 1968 hit \"Harper Valley PTA\", which topped both the country and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts. The label established Riley as one of the major country female vocalists of the late 1960s and early 1970s with a string of hits for the label and also topping the Billboard country album chart with the \"Harper Valley PTA\" album. Grand Ole Opry star Ray Pillow had light success on the label with one top 40",
"psg_id": "4328619"
},
{
"title": "Plantation Records",
"text": "two albums were also on Plantation label; Penitentiary Blues and Requiem for A Harliquin Plantation Records Plantation Records was a country music record label of the 1960s and 1970s helmed by Shelby Singleton. The label is best known for Jeannie C. Riley's 1968 hit \"Harper Valley PTA\", which topped both the country and \"Billboard\" Hot 100 charts. The label established Riley as one of the major country female vocalists of the late 1960s and early 1970s with a string of hits for the label and also topping the Billboard country album chart with the \"Harper Valley PTA\" album. Grand Ole",
"psg_id": "4328622"
},
{
"title": "The Transparent Society",
"text": "of their rights - and hold them accountable - than commonfolk were in the old villages, that were dominated by local gentry, gossips and bullies.\" This might seem counter-intuitive at first. But he uses the song \"Harper Valley PTA\" as a metaphor for how people can protect their eccentricities, and even some privacy, by assertively \"looking back.\" Brin also points to restaurants, in which social disapproval keeps people from staring and eavesdropping, even though they can. Enforcement of this social rule is possible because everybody can see. From this perspective, a coming era of \"most of the people, knowing most",
"psg_id": "1386432"
},
{
"title": "Your Squaw Is on the Warpath",
"text": "Your Squaw Is on the Warpath Your Squaw Is on the Warpath is twelfth studio album by American country music singer-songwriter Loretta Lynn. It was released on February 17, 1969, by Decca Records. The album includes cover versions of hit country songs, including \"Harper Valley PTA\" by Jeannie C. Riley and \"Kaw-Liga\" by Hank Williams, and the 1968 hit \"I Walk Alone\" by Marty Robbins. The song \"Barney\" was on the original 1969 pressings of the album. The Salem cigarette company filed a claim that the music was a violation of their copyrighted theme for their commercials. As a result,",
"psg_id": "11910836"
},
{
"title": "Murder She Wrote (song)",
"text": "Murder She Wrote (song) \"Murder She Wrote\" is a reggae song by Chaka Demus & Pliers on their 1993 album \"Tease Me\". The album included six singles which charted in the UK, including \"Murder She Wrote\" which reached number 27 on the UK Pop Chart. The music to the song is based on Toots 1966 song \"Bam Bam\", while the lyrics discuss abortion (as revealed in the third verse). Two music videos were made, one with Dancehall Queen Carlene Smith, and one without. The videos cost $50,000 and $2,500 respectively to produce. The song was sampled by Pitbull for the",
"psg_id": "20567670"
},
{
"title": "Murder She Wrote (song)",
"text": "song El Taxi, by French Montana for \"Freaks\", among others. Murder She Wrote (song) \"Murder She Wrote\" is a reggae song by Chaka Demus & Pliers on their 1993 album \"Tease Me\". The album included six singles which charted in the UK, including \"Murder She Wrote\" which reached number 27 on the UK Pop Chart. The music to the song is based on Toots 1966 song \"Bam Bam\", while the lyrics discuss abortion (as revealed in the third verse). Two music videos were made, one with Dancehall Queen Carlene Smith, and one without. The videos cost $50,000 and $2,500 respectively",
"psg_id": "20567671"
},
{
"title": "The PTA Disbands",
"text": "of Bart's victims on his substitute list, a reference to Kaplan and his character in the 1975 TV series \"Welcome Back, Kotter\". The character at the bank who tells the angry crowd that their money's in \"Bill's house, and Fred's house\" is based on James Stewart's George Bailey character in the bank run scene from \"It's a Wonderful Life\". In its original broadcast, \"The PTA Disbands\" finished 69th in ratings for the week of April 10–16, 1995, with a Nielsen rating of 7.1. It was the 8th highest-rated show on the Fox network that week. In their book \"I Can't",
"psg_id": "6253765"
},
{
"title": "The PTA Disbands",
"text": "cell is situated behind his desk. The episode was written by Jennifer Crittenden. She came into the writers' room and pitched the idea that there should be a teachers' strike in an episode. Then-show runner David Mirkin thought the episode had a lot of potential, and much of it is based on his experience as a child with schools running out of money. Despite the title of the episode, at no point does the PTA (Parent-Teacher Association) actually disband. The title was suggested by Mirkin and was intended to poke fun at Crittenden, who thought the most exciting part of",
"psg_id": "6253760"
},
{
"title": "In the Good Old Days (When Times Were Bad)",
"text": "In the Good Old Days (When Times Were Bad) In the Good Old Days (When Times Were Bad) is the third solo studio album by Dolly Parton. It was released on February 3, 1969, by RCA Victor. In the title song, Parton looks back on her impoverished upbringing, concluding that while she values the lessons it taught her, she would not want to go back. The humorous \"He's a Go Getter\" plays on an unexpected pun, \"When his wife gets off from work, he'll go get 'er\". Parton also covers the Jeannie C. Riley hit \"Harper Valley PTA\", Tammy Wynette's",
"psg_id": "7762306"
},
{
"title": "Bellevue, Tennessee",
"text": "was formerly known as the \"Gower\" or \"Gower School\" community. The school's enrollment is currently [2014] approximately 650 students. Harpeth Valley Elementary School was founded in 1939 and teaches grades PreK-4. It is located on the outskirts of Bellevue along State Route 100. The current school was built in 1996 and has enrollment of more than 700 students. Harpeth Valley Elementary School was the inspiration for the title of the hit country song \"Harper Valley PTA\". Bellevue Middle School is located in the heart of the town on Colice Jeane Road with the students coming primarily from Bellevue and the",
"psg_id": "3497659"
},
{
"title": "Rod Harper",
"text": "Rod Harper Rod Harper (born March 26, 1985) is an American football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Green Bay Packers in 2008. He played college football at Murray State. Harper has also been a member of the Arkansas Twisters, New Orleans Saints, and Philadelphia Eagles. Harper attended Murray State, where he led the team with 57 receptions for 779 yards and 10 touchdowns in 2007 and earned Second-team All-Ohio Valley Conference. He ranks third in school history in both career receiving yards (1,653) and touchdowns (20). Harper",
"psg_id": "11895365"
},
{
"title": "The Lochmaben Harper",
"text": "over Britain and Ireland (for example, \"On a Blind Harper\", \"The Blind Harper\" (traditional Welsh Song), \"The Blind Harper of Johnson Hall\", \"The Blind Harper of Tyrone\" and \"Lament for a Blind Harper\") although Roud only indexes the one. Blind harpers crop up frequently in British folklore and one features in another Child ballad, \"The Cruel Sister\", where he is called to play at the wedding of the surviving sister. There are a number of paintings of them including \"The Blind Harper of Conway\" (1792) by Julius Caesar Ibbetson. In fact, traditionally, a good proportion of harpists were blind and",
"psg_id": "11912510"
},
{
"title": "Brand New Life",
"text": "Disney\" from October 1, 1989 to April 15, 1990. The series also marked Barbara Eden's first television series since \"Harper Valley PTA\" (1981–1982) and is also her third collaboration with Don Murray, having previously starred together in the television films \"Return of the Rebels\" (1981) and \"The Stepford Children\" (1987). The theme song \"Brand New Life\" was written by Steve Tyrell and performed by Jill Colucci. Barbara McCray (Barbara Eden) is a struggling divorced mother of three teenagers working part-time as a waitress while studying to become a court reporter, who meets and marries Roger Gibbons (Don Murray), a wealthy",
"psg_id": "18494693"
},
{
"title": "Bridget Hanley",
"text": "movie \"Seven Brides For Seven Brothers,\" and was very loosely based upon the transportation of single women from the East Coast to what was then the frontier logging outpost of Seattle, which in time became a major metropolitan area of present-day Washington State. The show's theme song, \"Seattle,\" was covered by crooner Perry Como, who enjoyed some chart success with it. Hanley's character was the love interest of Jeremy Bolt, played by then teen heartthrob Bobby Sherman; Sherman's interpretation of \"Seattle\" was not as successful as Como's had been. \"Harper Valley PTA\" was an early 1980s American television sitcom based",
"psg_id": "13997904"
},
{
"title": "Alec Harper",
"text": "Harper was a key figure in the sport, as honorary secretary of its governing body, the Hurlingham Polo Association. Harper had a long-held theory that in order to play really well, sex was essential before a match. Harper made his living by buying young horses and turning them into polo ponies. He was assisted by his Indian orderly, Bachan Singh, who had also been the regimental rough rider in the Deccan Horse. Harper also became a steward with the Greyhound Racing Association. Harper wrote two volumes of autobiography: Alec Harper Lieutenant-Colonel Alec Harper DSO (12 July 1910 – 11 March",
"psg_id": "13891984"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "Hunt, as well as the \"nature of the manuscript evidence\", showed that the work was \"conceived and mainly written by Mary Shelley\". The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein is a 2007 book written and published by John Lauritsen, in which the author argues that the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, not his wife Mary Shelley, is the real author of \"Frankenstein\" (1818), that the novel \"has consistently been underrated and misinterpreted\", and that its dominant theme is \"male love\". Lauritsen maintains that handwriting cannot be used to determine the actual author of \"Frankenstein\". His work received positive",
"psg_id": "17577344"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein is a 2007 book written and published by John Lauritsen, in which the author argues that the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, not his wife Mary Shelley, is the real author of \"Frankenstein\" (1818), that the novel \"has consistently been underrated and misinterpreted\", and that its dominant theme is \"male love\". Lauritsen maintains that handwriting cannot be used to determine the actual author of \"Frankenstein\". His work received positive reviews in gay publications. However, some commentators in other publications rejected Lauritsen's views and supported the conventional view that \"Frankenstein\" was written",
"psg_id": "17577334"
},
{
"title": "Bob Hastings",
"text": "roles in \"The Poseidon Adventure\" (1972), \"The All-American Boy\" (1973) and \"No Deposit, No Return\" (1976). Hastings also was in the 1978 movie \"Harper Valley PTA\" in which he played Skeeter Duggan, a member of the PTA board who had been kidnapped at the orders of its dishonest president to commit election fraud, and played \"Cousin Phantom of the Opera\" in the 1981 television movie \"The Munsters' Revenge\". Hastings also portrayed Tommy Kelcy, a recurring character in All In the Family who owned Kelcy's Bar, Archie Bunker's preferred watering hole. In 1967, Hastings recorded an LP for Home Records Incorporated,",
"psg_id": "8582900"
},
{
"title": "I Wrote a Simple Song (song)",
"text": "profile. I Wrote a Simple Song (song) \"I Wrote a Simple Song\" is a song by American soul musician Billy Preston that was first released as the title track to his album of the same name in November 1971. It was written by Preston and his regular collaborator, Joe Greene. The song was also Preston's first single on A&M Records, following the end of his tenure on the Beatles' Apple record label. In the United States, it peaked at number 77 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.<ref name=\"Awards/AM\"></ref> Radio programmers there soon favored the B-side, the instrumental \"Outa-Space\", which had been",
"psg_id": "20808604"
},
{
"title": "I Wrote a Simple Song (song)",
"text": "I Wrote a Simple Song (song) \"I Wrote a Simple Song\" is a song by American soul musician Billy Preston that was first released as the title track to his album of the same name in November 1971. It was written by Preston and his regular collaborator, Joe Greene. The song was also Preston's first single on A&M Records, following the end of his tenure on the Beatles' Apple record label. In the United States, it peaked at number 77 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100.<ref name=\"Awards/AM\"></ref> Radio programmers there soon favored the B-side, the instrumental \"Outa-Space\", which had been Preston's",
"psg_id": "20808602"
},
{
"title": "Once (Roy Harper album)",
"text": "Once (Roy Harper album) Once is the sixteenth studio album by English rock/folk singer-songwriter Roy Harper, released in 1990. David Gilmour, Kate Bush, Nick Harper and Nigel Mazlyn Jones appear on the album, with both Gilmour and Bush on the title track. The track \"The Black Cloud of Islam\" is a despairing castigation of radical Islam. The song provoked some criticism, to which Harper responded, in 2006, when he wrote: \"I let my guard slip. I knew that I’d let it slip. I wanted it to slip. I was absolutely sick of being politically correct. I am not politically correct,",
"psg_id": "13802522"
},
{
"title": "Kellie Harper",
"text": "was named head coach of the Missouri State Lady Bears. Missouri State is a member of the Missouri Valley Conference. Harper married Jon Harper in 1999. He served on her coaching staff at Western Carolina and at NC State. Kellie Harper Kellie Jolly Harper (born May 3, 1977) is an American basketball coach who is currently the head women's basketball coach of the Missouri State University Lady Bears. Prior to coaching at Missouri State, she served as head coach for four years of the NC State Wolfpack women's basketball team. Born Kellie Jean Jolly in Sparta, Tennessee, she is a",
"psg_id": "11294052"
},
{
"title": "Laureen Harper",
"text": "unable to attend had nothing to do with her husband's comments. On June 3, 2013, Harper and Ottawa city councillor Allan Hubley announced a new federal anti-bullying strategy to train approximately 2,400 teenagers across Canada in delivering peer education workshops and presentations against bullying to their fellow students. Laureen Harper Laureen Ann Harper (née Teskey; born June 23, 1963) is the wife of Canada's 22nd prime minister, Stephen Harper. The eldest of three, Laureen Ann Teskey was born in Turner Valley, a rural town south-west of Calgary, to rancher parents who owned an electrical contracting company. Her parents, Barbara and",
"psg_id": "5797140"
},
{
"title": "Kenton Harper",
"text": "the Confederate Army on September 11, because Jackson refused to allow Harper permission to return home where his wife lay dying. Upon returning to the Shenandoah Valley, Augusta County voters again elected Harper to the Virginia House of Delegates, where he served until 1864. On June 2 of that year, after abolitionist Union General David Hunter's raid into the Shenandoah Valley, Harper accepted re-appointment as a colonel in the Confederate Army in order to form a regiment from reservist companies located in the Shenandoah Valley. During the Valley Campaigns of 1864 under General Jubal Early, Confederate raiders destroyed Harper's original",
"psg_id": "13353496"
},
{
"title": "Roy Harper (singer)",
"text": "later released (in 1984) on a limited edition (830 copies) vinyl release entitled \"Born in Captivity\". Throughout 1984, Harper toured the United Kingdom with Jimmy Page performing a predominantly acoustic set at folk festivals under various guises such as the MacGregors, and Themselves. In 1985, \"Whatever Happened to Jugula?\" was released. The album caused a resurgence of interest in Harper and his music. (Tony Franklin, bass player in Harper's group at this time, later joined Page in the Firm). In April 1984, Harper and Gilmour performed \"Short and Sweet\" (a song they co-wrote) during Gilmour's three-night run at the Hammersmith",
"psg_id": "2103134"
},
{
"title": "All She Wrote (Ross Copperman song)",
"text": "love interest (later in the video he sings to her in the rain, which we discover is artificial) and him singing. 2 Track CD All She Wrote (Ross Copperman song) \"All She Wrote\" is a single released by Ross Copperman in the UK on 7 May 2007 as the second single, but first major one, off his album \"Welcome To Reality\". \"All She Wrote\" debuted at number 44 on the UK Singles Chart, later peaking at number 39. The single also reached the top 30 in Scotland. According to Copperman, the song is about a girl \"who feels like nobody",
"psg_id": "10974882"
},
{
"title": "All She Wrote (Ross Copperman song)",
"text": "All She Wrote (Ross Copperman song) \"All She Wrote\" is a single released by Ross Copperman in the UK on 7 May 2007 as the second single, but first major one, off his album \"Welcome To Reality\". \"All She Wrote\" debuted at number 44 on the UK Singles Chart, later peaking at number 39. The single also reached the top 30 in Scotland. According to Copperman, the song is about a girl \"who feels like nobody pays attention to her, feeling very lonely. But she then finds hope and realises there's someone out there for her.\" Expressing a fondness for",
"psg_id": "10974880"
},
{
"title": "The Lochmaben Harper",
"text": "still suckling young. He sets off and, at Carlisle, he meets the king, who asks for a song. The harper replies that he'd rather have a stable for his mare. The king tells his stable boy to house the grey mare next to his own brown horse. Now the harper plays and sings so beautifully that he spellbinds his audience and they all fall asleep. He tiptoes out of the room, makes his way to the stable, tethers the two horses together and releases them. The good grey mare makes her way back home taking the stolen brown horse with",
"psg_id": "11912508"
},
{
"title": "New Song (The Who song)",
"text": "to say, the song didn't get airplay and neither did it make the critics happy. Great sounding cut, such a pity it is full of such cynical sentiment.\" Like many of \"Who Are You\"'s songs, \"New Song\" features a slick production sound, as well as the use of synthesizers. New Song' was the first song I ever wrote on a polyphonic synthesizer. It was blocked out on an ARP OMNI, that company's first polyphonic machine. It may have been the first multi-voice synth ever. But I cheated quite a lot; it had only one filter and envelope-shaping amplifier.\", Townshend said.",
"psg_id": "17953695"
},
{
"title": "Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History",
"text": "Lion Who Wrote History\" has also been reviewed by \"Kirkus Reviews\", \"Publishers Weekly\", \"The New York Times\", and Common Sense Media. Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History is a 2017 picture book biography by Walter Dean Myers about the life of Frederick Douglass. \"BookList\", in a starred review, wrote \"Focused, informative writing and strong, effective illustrations combine to make this the go-to Frederick Douglass biography for younger students.\" and the \"School Library Journal\" wrote \"Although this title is similar in scope to Doreen Rappaport's \"Frederick's Journey\", the two books complement each other.",
"psg_id": "20093516"
},
{
"title": "Shelby Singleton",
"text": "of \"Hey Paula\" by Jill and Ray, originally released on LeCam Records. He changed the duo's names to Paul & Paula and issued the song on Mercury's sister Philips. The song spent three weeks at number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In 1966, Singleton resigned from Mercury and formed several music labels, including SSS International and Plantation Records, achieving his first #1 hit in 1968 with Jeannie C. Riley's recording of \"Harper Valley PTA\". The following year, he purchased Sun Records from Sam Phillips, including its rock and roll catalog. Singleton was on the nominating committee of the Hit",
"psg_id": "10102849"
},
{
"title": "Laureen Harper",
"text": "Laureen Harper Laureen Ann Harper (née Teskey; born June 23, 1963) is the wife of Canada's 22nd prime minister, Stephen Harper. The eldest of three, Laureen Ann Teskey was born in Turner Valley, a rural town south-west of Calgary, to rancher parents who owned an electrical contracting company. Her parents, Barbara and Dennis Teskey, divorced in 1991, after 29 years. After graduating from Oilfields High School, she attended the Southern Alberta Institute of Technology where she studied journalism and photography. She was first married to New Zealander Neil Fenton from April 1985 to 1988. Teskey joined the Reform Party of",
"psg_id": "5797136"
},
{
"title": "I Wrote a Simple Song",
"text": "\"I Wrote a Simple Song\" was Preston's first self-produced album. Preston's friend George Harrison played lead guitar on most of the songs, and supplied dobro accompaniment on the title track. The album continued Preston's inclusion of gospel-themed songs which had started with the 1967 album \"Club Meeting\". The instrumental \"Outa-Space\" won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance in 1973. All songs by Billy Preston and Joe Greene, except where noted. Side one Side two I Wrote a Simple Song I Wrote a Simple Song is the sixth studio album by American soul musician Billy Preston. Released in November",
"psg_id": "7055579"
},
{
"title": "Wrote a Song for Everyone",
"text": "Wrote a Song for Everyone Wrote a Song for Everyone is the ninth solo studio album by John Fogerty, released on May 28, 2013 (Fogerty's 68th birthday) in the United States. The album is a collection of Creedence Clearwater Revival classics and deep tracks from his canon of hits as well as some brand new songs, performed alongside an array of notable musicians, including Foo Fighters (\"Fortunate Son\"), Bob Seger (\"Who'll Stop the Rain\"), Dawes (\"Someday Never Comes\"), Brad Paisley (\"Hot Rod Heart\"), Miranda Lambert (\"Wrote a Song for Everyone\"), Kid Rock (\"Born on the Bayou\"), Keith Urban (\"Almost Saturday",
"psg_id": "17076117"
},
{
"title": "Wrote a Song for Everyone",
"text": "At \"Exclaim!\", Jason Schneider evoked that the release \"illustrates Fogerty's wide-ranging influence; he may not often get credit for creating what's now known as Americana, but no one was as naturally adept at making it their signature sound.\" \"Wrote a Song for Everyone\" was number 10 on \"Rolling Stone\"s 50 Best Albums of 2013 list. Wrote a Song for Everyone Wrote a Song for Everyone is the ninth solo studio album by John Fogerty, released on May 28, 2013 (Fogerty's 68th birthday) in the United States. The album is a collection of Creedence Clearwater Revival classics and deep tracks from",
"psg_id": "17076121"
},
{
"title": "Graeme Harper",
"text": "Harper wrote to his former director Shaun Sutton, who was by now Head of Drama Serials at the BBC. With Sutton's assistance Harper gained an interview for the position of floor assistant, in which role he began working at BBC Television Centre in London in September 1966. Harper worked on various productions in this capacity, including the \"Doctor Who\" serial \"The Power of the Daleks\" and later the 1967 adaptation of \"The Forsyte Saga\" novels. He also worked on the \"Play of the Month\" series, where he first worked with the director Douglas Camfield, with whom he would often work",
"psg_id": "5192904"
},
{
"title": "Harper Blynn",
"text": "was released in 2012 to similar critical acclaim. Titled \"Busy Hands,\" the 13-song album was co-produced by John O’Mahoney (Coldplay). In addition to performing headlining shows in support of the album, Harper Blynn toured with Ingrid Michaelson, and Greg Laswell, as well as Sara Bareilles, who joined the band on stage and said that “Harper Blynn blows my mind.” Harper Blynn additionally performed on Bareilles' 2013 release, \"The Blessed Unrest,\" which was nominated for a 2013 Album of the Year Grammy Award. Harper Blynn performed their last show February 18, 2014 at the Bootleg Theater in Los Angeles, CA., where",
"psg_id": "17498501"
},
{
"title": "Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?",
"text": "Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls? Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?: The Search For The Secret Of Qumran is a book by Norman Golb which intensifies the debate over the origins of the Dead Sea Scrolls, furthering the opinion that the scrolls were not the work of the Essenes, as other scholars claim, but written in Jerusalem and moved to Qumran in anticipation of the Roman siege in 70 AD. Writing in \"Church History\", Gregory T. Armstrong stated: \"This book is 'must reading' for every historian regardless of her or his period of specialization. It demonstrates how a particular",
"psg_id": "11221749"
},
{
"title": "Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?",
"text": "Hartmut Stegemann. \"Qumran und das Judentum zur Zeit Jesu\" 84 (1994): 175-94 as basing \"his support of the Essene hypothesis of factors of hierarch, initiation rites, community of goods, ritual baths, a common meal and views on marriage as well as calendar.\" They then refer to the alternative estimate of Golb, \"that the scrolls came from Jerusalem to a fortress in Qumran during the siege of Jerusalem around 70 CE Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls? Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?: The Search For The Secret Of Qumran is a book by Norman Golb which intensifies the debate over",
"psg_id": "11221758"
},
{
"title": "Nick Harper (American football)",
"text": "won first team All-Conference honors and was named the team MVP. Harper played college football at Fort Valley State University. After being declared ineligible for his senior season at Fort Valley State in 2000, Harper signed with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats of the Canadian Football League and appeared in 18 games for the team. Harper signed with the Indianapolis Colts on January 16, 2001. The Indianapolis Colts won Super Bowl XLI win following the 2006 season, giving Harper his first Super Bowl ring. Before the 2007 season, Harper signed a 3-year deal with the Tennessee Titans as a free agent. Harper",
"psg_id": "6931278"
},
{
"title": "Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History",
"text": "Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History is a 2017 picture book biography by Walter Dean Myers about the life of Frederick Douglass. \"BookList\", in a starred review, wrote \"Focused, informative writing and strong, effective illustrations combine to make this the go-to Frederick Douglass biography for younger students.\" and the \"School Library Journal\" wrote \"Although this title is similar in scope to Doreen Rappaport's \"Frederick's Journey\", the two books complement each other. Recommended for collections looking to further explore Douglass's legacy.\" \"The Buffalo News\" called it an \"excellent illustrated biography\". \"Frederick Douglass: The",
"psg_id": "20093515"
},
{
"title": "No Time (The Guess Who song)",
"text": "peaked at No. 5 in the U.S., and was the third in a string of million-selling singles that all hit No. 1 in Canada for The Guess Who. This song was used in the movie \"Pirates of Silicon Valley\". No Time (The Guess Who song) \"No Time\" is a song by Canadian rock band The Guess Who. Composed by guitarist Randy Bachman and lead singer Burton Cummings, the song is basically a Dear John letter stating, \"No time left for you\". There are two versions of the song. The original recording was done for The Guess Who's album \"Canned Wheat\".",
"psg_id": "8339934"
},
{
"title": "Dear Life (High Valley song)",
"text": "Dear Life (High Valley song) \"Dear Life\" is a song recorded by Canadian country music duo High Valley for their fifth studio album of the same name (2016). Group member Brad Rempel co-wrote the song with Seth Mosley and Ben Stennis, while Mosley co-produced the track with Mike \"X\" O'Connor. The song was first released digitally as the second promotional single on October 28, 2016, and was later released to Canadian country radio July 17, 2017 as the album's third Canadian single and fifth overall single. \"Dear Life\" is a Bluegrass-inspired song that features a \"percussive\" chorus and acoustic verses.",
"psg_id": "20586306"
},
{
"title": "When It's Lamp Lighting Time in the Valley",
"text": "When It's Lamp Lighting Time in the Valley When It's Lamp Lighting Time in the Valley is a 1933 country ballad to a waltz melody with words and music by Joe Lyons, Sam C. Hart and The Vagabonds, Curt Poulton, Harold Goodman, and Dean Upson. The song was a hit by The Vagabonds. The song lyrics are about one who longs for his mother who is far away in a valley. Marty Robbins later covered the song. Other singers who has recorded the song include Tex Ritter and Wayne King. When Nils Hellström wrote lyrics in Swedish in 1935, its",
"psg_id": "15343286"
},
{
"title": "The PTA Disbands",
"text": "obey the laws of thermodynamics!\" at the beginning of Halpern's section on \"Mechanical Plots\". Halpern describes Lisa's efforts to build a perpetual-motion machine while bored during the teachers strike, and comments that though it is absurd in reality to order someone to obey the laws of thermodynamics, he acknowledges that \"physicists sometimes don't know the proper arena within which certain laws apply\". In the July 26, 2007 issue of \"Nature\", the scientific journal's editorial staff listed \"The PTA Disbands\" among \"The Top Ten science moments in \"The Simpsons\"\", writing: \"Lisa gets so bored by a lack of schooling she builds",
"psg_id": "6253769"
},
{
"title": "The PTA Disbands",
"text": "Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide\", Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood describe \"The PTA Disbands\" as \"Possibly the best of the school episodes.\" In a review of the sixth season of \"The Simpsons\", Colin Jacobson of DVD Movie Guide writes: \"I especially like the contrasts between how Bart and Lisa accept the strike. The show doesn’t quite manage to soar consistently, but it has more than enough to make it positive.\" In his review of the episode for \"TV Squad\", Adam Finley comments: \"I love how Bart and Lisa both handle the news differently. Bart is",
"psg_id": "6253766"
},
{
"title": "The Seeker (the Who song)",
"text": "The Seeker (the Who song) \"The Seeker\" is a song written by Pete Townshend and performed by English rock band the Who, and featured on their 1971 compilation album \"Meaty Beaty Big and Bouncy\". Around the time of the song's release, Townshend explained its meaning in an interview with \"Rolling Stone\": \"I suppose I like this least of all the stuff\", wrote Townshend the following year. \"It suffered from being the first thing we did after \"Tommy\", and also from being recorded a few too many times. We did it once at my home studio, then at IBC where we",
"psg_id": "9138224"
},
{
"title": "Michael S. Harper",
"text": "leave behind childhood and enter a kind of creative crisis.\" Harper was married and had a daughter, Rachel, who is also a writer, and two sons, Roland and Patrice. He later divorced. He lived in Providence, Rhode Island until his death on May 7, 2016. Harper had two children who died at birth, which inspired several of his early poems, including the famous \"Nightmare Begins Responsibility\". . Harper wrote about important and historically influential African-Americans, including Jackie Robinson, Richard Wright and John Brown. He said in a 2000 interview with Terry Gross, that the most important thing he learned from",
"psg_id": "8991839"
},
{
"title": "Darrell Harper",
"text": "Central High School. Harper died in January 2008 at age 69. He died of complications of multiple myeloma at Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital in Commerce Township, Michigan. Darrell Harper Darrell L. Harper (June 18, 1938 – January 19, 2008) was an American football player. He played at the halfback position for the University of Michigan from 1957 to 1959 and for the Buffalo Bills in the 1960 AFL season. On September 11, 1960, Harper scored the first official points in the history of the Bills. He also made the Bills' first kickoff, first field goal and first extra point kick. Harper",
"psg_id": "14854599"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "that while he argues that Mary Shelley was not well educated enough to have written \"Frankenstein\", his argument fails because \"it is not a good, let alone a great novel and hardly merits the attention it has been given.\" Lauritsen replied that \"Frankenstein\" \"is a radical and disturbing work, containing some of the most beautiful prose in the English language ... a profound and moving masterpiece, fully worthy of its author, Percy Bysshe Shelley.\" \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" received positive reviews from Jim Herrick in \"Gay Humanist Quarterly\", Hubert Kennedy in \"The Guide\", and Douglas Sadownick in \"The Gay",
"psg_id": "17577339"
},
{
"title": "Dear Life (High Valley song)",
"text": "The song's lyrics address making choices as one grows up and was inspired by the duo's kids. Drums feature prominently in the song's instrumentation, and \"Dear Life\"'s production has been compared to Avicii's \"Hey Brother\", which combines elements of country music with electronic dance music. \"Dear Life\" peaked at number five on the Canada Country chart, earning the group their ninth consecutive top-10 single. Dear Life (High Valley song) \"Dear Life\" is a song recorded by Canadian country music duo High Valley for their fifth studio album of the same name (2016). Group member Brad Rempel co-wrote the song with",
"psg_id": "20586307"
},
{
"title": "Lily of the Valley (song)",
"text": "be somewhere else. It's a great piece of art, but it's the last song that would ever be a hit.\" Actor Rami Malek (who portrays Mercury in the Queen biopic \"Bohemian Rhapsody\") revealed on \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\" that \"Lily of the Valley\" is one of his favorite Queen songs. \"Lily of the Valley\" was covered by 1980s band Game Theory, whose frontman Scott Miller performed a version that appears as a bonus track on the 2015 Omnivore reissue of Game Theory's 1985 album \"Real Nighttime\", produced by Mitch Easter. The song was also covered, together with \"Tenement",
"psg_id": "17414544"
},
{
"title": "The Valley Road",
"text": "The Valley Road \"The Valley Road\" is a song recorded by Bruce Hornsby and the Range. Hornsby co-wrote the song with his brother John Hornsby and co-produced it with Neil Dorfsman. The song is included on Bruce Hornsby and the Range's 1988 album, \"Scenes from the Southside\". Released as the lead single from the album, \"The Valley Road\" reached the top ten on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in June 1988, peaking at number 5 the week of July 2. It also spent a week atop the \"Billboard\" adult contemporary chart in mid-June. This was the group's third song to",
"psg_id": "13622216"
},
{
"title": "Barbara Eden",
"text": "She starred in and co-produced, with her own production company (MI-Bar Productions), the NBC TV movie romantic comedy \"The Secret Life of Kathy McCormick\" (1988). She also starred in and produced the romantic comedy TV movie \"Opposites Attract\" (1990), co-starring John Forsythe. In 1978, she starred in the feature film \"Harper Valley PTA\", based on the popular country song. This led to a namesake television series in 1981. In both the movie and the TV series, Eden played the show's heroine, Stella Johnson. The show won 11 of its 13 time slots during its first season. It was a comedy",
"psg_id": "3238727"
}
] | [
"tom t. hall",
"tom t hall"
] |
which singer was born in tennessee in 1917 with the first names francis rose? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Kim So-hee (singer, born 1917)",
"text": "Kim So-hee (singer, born 1917) Kim So-hee (; December 1, 1917 – April 17, 1995) was an established South Korean traditional singer, designated officially as a \"human cultural asset\" in the heritage preservation programme for the folk opera genre pansori, which is fifth on the list of Important Intangible Cultural Properties of Korea. Her real name was Kim Sun-ok (김순옥). She specialized in Chunhyangga. She used Manjeong () as a pseudonym, given by a physiognomist; it means to become a master of gugak. Kim Sun-ok was born in Gochang, in North Jeolla. She had two siblings, Kim Sang-ho and Kim",
"psg_id": "16084073"
},
{
"title": "Caitlin Rose",
"text": "Caitlin Rose Caitlin Rose (born June 23, 1987) is a country singer from Nashville, Tennessee. Rose was previously the lead singer of Nashville indie band Save Macaulay, on local label Theory 8 until 2007. As a solo artist, she signed to BMI in 2008. The title track of her seven-track 2008 EP, \"Dead Flowers\", is a cover of a Rolling Stones song. Her first album, \"Own Side Now\", was released by Names Records in August 2010. Her vocal performance and lyrics have led to comparisons to Loretta Lynn, Patsy Cline, and Iris DeMent. Claire Suddath of \"Time\" magazine named \"Own",
"psg_id": "15114516"
},
{
"title": "Rose Pauly (singer)",
"text": "Rose Pauly (singer) Rose Pauly (sometimes Pauly-Dresden, born Rose Pollak; 15 March 1894 – 14 December 1975) was a Hungarian soprano. A native of Eperjeske, Pauly studied in Vienna with Rosa Papier-Paumgartner, and during the 1917–18 season made her debut in Hamburg in a minor role in \"Martha\". She next went to Gera and Karlsruhe before singing the title role in the German premiere of \"Káťa Kabanová\" in Cologne in 1922. 1923 saw her appear at the Vienna Staatsoper, where she would go on to sing Sieglinde, the Empress, and Rachel, and where in 1931 she created the role of",
"psg_id": "20239244"
},
{
"title": "Francis Cyril Rose",
"text": "Francis Cyril Rose Francis Cyril Rose (1909–1979), also Sir Francis, 4th Baronet of the Montreal Roses, was an English painter vigorously championed by Gertrude Stein. His wife Frederica, Lady Rose (1910–2002) became a well known travel writer, notably on Corsica, under the name of Dorothy Carrington. Rose was born at Moor Park (Hertfordshire), England. He took up residence as an expatriate in Paris between 1929 and 1936, where he trained under Francis Picabia and José Maria Sert. Francis Rose got his beginning as a set painter for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. He occasionally collaborated in his work with another English painter,",
"psg_id": "15839409"
},
{
"title": "La Francis Rodgers-Rose",
"text": "La Francis Rodgers-Rose La Francis Rodgers-Rose is an American sociologist and CEO of the International Black Women’s Congress. La Francis Rodgers-Rose was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and grew up in segregated Portsmouth, Virginia with her mother, two older brothers an younger sister. She graduated from Morgan State University with honours in sociology and anthropology in 1958, where her commencement speaker was the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. She later also graduated from Fisk University. She also attended the University of Iowa for her PhD, studying social psychology. Rodgers-Rose took up her first full-time teaching post in 1964, and held",
"psg_id": "20879029"
},
{
"title": "Francis Cyril Rose",
"text": "San Francisco. In 1961 Rose published a memoir, \"Saying Life\". He made a brief appearance as \"Lord Chaos\" in Kenneth Anger's film \"Lucifer Rising\" (1972). Francis Cyril Rose Francis Cyril Rose (1909–1979), also Sir Francis, 4th Baronet of the Montreal Roses, was an English painter vigorously championed by Gertrude Stein. His wife Frederica, Lady Rose (1910–2002) became a well known travel writer, notably on Corsica, under the name of Dorothy Carrington. Rose was born at Moor Park (Hertfordshire), England. He took up residence as an expatriate in Paris between 1929 and 1936, where he trained under Francis Picabia and José",
"psg_id": "15839412"
},
{
"title": "John Rose (Tennessee politician)",
"text": "John Rose (Tennessee politician) John Williams Rose (born February 23, 1965) is an American politician and businessman who served as Commissioner of Agriculture of Tennessee and is president of Boson Software, LLC. On November 6, 2018 he was elected as the U.S. Representative for Tennessee's 6th congressional district. Rose was born and raised in Cookeville, Tennessee, and earned an agribusiness economics degree from Tennessee Technological University, a Master of Science degree in agricultural economics from Purdue University, and a law degree from Vanderbilt University. After law school, he co-founded Transcender Corp., a company that earned the prestigious Music City Future",
"psg_id": "20206533"
},
{
"title": "Willie Francis (singer)",
"text": "Willie Francis (singer) Willie Francis was born Wilbert Francis on 18 March 1943 in Farm District in South Manchester, Jamaica. He is a Ska/Reggae singer who came to prominence in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. He is known for hits such as \"Oh What a Mini'\", a top ten hit in the Jamaican charts. His other notable songs include \"Ripe Sour Sop\" and \"I'm Going to Change Everything\". Willie Francis was also a producer and is responsible for recording famous reggae singer Cocoa Tea's first song \"Searching the Hills\" in 1974. Willie Francis' song \"Motherless Children\" is featured",
"psg_id": "14403977"
},
{
"title": "Michael Rose (singer)",
"text": "scats, have inspired many singers. Rose was also an inaugural member of the Independent Music Awards' judging panel to support independent artists. From about 1991 onwards, his name was often spelled 'Mykal Rose', which Rose has said is the Ethiopian way of spelling his name, which made it feel closer to home. Other spellings found on certain releases include 'Mykal Roze', 'Mikal Rose', 'Michael Roze' and so forth. This may have caused difficulty in tracking down releases. Michael Rose (singer) Michael Rose (born 11 July 1957) is a Grammy award winning reggae singer from Jamaica. Possessing a wide-ranged voice, Rose",
"psg_id": "4081063"
},
{
"title": "Francis Rose",
"text": "Francis Rose Francis Rose MBE (29 September 1921 – 15 July 2006) was an English field botanist and conservationist. He was an author, researcher and teacher. His ecological interests in Britain and Europe included bryophytes, fungi, higher plants, plant communities and woodlands. Rose was born in south London. He studied natural sciences at Chelsea Polytechnic and Queen Mary College, University of London, graduating with a degree in botany. He obtained a PhD in 1953, studying the structure and ecology of British lowland bogs. From 1949, he taught at Bedford College and other colleges in London. In 1964, he joined the",
"psg_id": "8393394"
},
{
"title": "Rose-Marie (singer)",
"text": "Rose-Marie (singer) Rose-Marie Avramescu (born 7 February 1956) is a singer, television personality, actress and radio presenter from Northern Ireland. The daughter of Ann and Owen, she is one of six siblings raised on a farm outside Newry, County Down. While Rose-Marie enjoyed success as a local and national television personality in the United Kingdom, she has also released nineteen albums, all of which have gone either gold or platinum in the UK. At the International Music Awards, Rose-Marie was voted 'Most Popular Singer', and has sold out at the London Palladium on more than one occasion. Rose-Marie is a",
"psg_id": "8825606"
},
{
"title": "Rose (singer)",
"text": "in album \"We Love Disney\" with the song \"Au bout du rêve\". Her maternal grandfather immigrated from Italy to France. Her mother was an interior designer and her father a \"pied noir\" and a real estate agent. Rose married singer songwriter Bensé (real name Julien Bensenior) in a civil court on 24 June 2008 followed by a religious marriage on 24 August 2008 in Var. But the couple divorced in November 2009. On 8 June 2011, Rose had a baby boy she named Solal. Rose (singer) Keren Meloul better known as Rose (born in Nice on 24 May 1978) is",
"psg_id": "18408803"
},
{
"title": "First Tennessee",
"text": "was created in 1969. Two years later, this became First Tennessee National Corporation, with the intention of acquiring other banks. The company acquired five banks in 1972, and as more banks became part of the company, their names changed to First Tennessee Bank. In 1977, First National also became First Tennessee Bank. In 1981 First Express became the first national check-clearing service, and First Tennessee offered brokerage services starting the next year. In 1995, with the purchases of Maryland National Mortgage Corporation and SNMC Management Corporation, First Tennessee had $6 billion in mortgage origination and was one of the country's",
"psg_id": "5202049"
},
{
"title": "La Francis Rodgers-Rose",
"text": "Black Unity in the UK. She is described by American sociologist Dolores P. Aldridge as one of the pioneering black woman sociologists. After suffering from congestive heart failure, Rodgers-Rose had a heart transplant aged 65. She is an advocate for health and organ donation in the African-American community. La Francis Rodgers-Rose La Francis Rodgers-Rose is an American sociologist and CEO of the International Black Women’s Congress. La Francis Rodgers-Rose was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and grew up in segregated Portsmouth, Virginia with her mother, two older brothers an younger sister. She graduated from Morgan State University with honours in sociology",
"psg_id": "20879032"
},
{
"title": "Mary Rose McGee",
"text": "Mary Rose McGee Mary Rose McGee (August 17, 1917 – March 5, 2004) was an American politician from New York. She was the first woman elected to the New York State Assembly from Long Island. She was born Mary Rose Grasher on August 17, 1917 in Kansas City, Missouri. She moved to Bayside, Queens early in her life and moved to Huntington, Suffolk County, New York, in 1949. She married Francis Patrick McGee, had three children, and later got divorced. Mary Rose McGee entered politics as a Democrat, and was Town Clerk of Huntington from 1967 to 1976. She was",
"psg_id": "18552550"
},
{
"title": "Willie Francis (singer)",
"text": "on Disc 2 of the \"Trojan Skinhead Reggae Box Set CD\". Willie Francis worked in England in the late 1970s, and lived in Canada for a number of years before returning to Jamaica. Willie Francis' former lover and mother of his three children was the former partner of the late Dennis Brown who was with him until his demise in 1999. Willie Francis (singer) Willie Francis was born Wilbert Francis on 18 March 1943 in Farm District in South Manchester, Jamaica. He is a Ska/Reggae singer who came to prominence in the late 1960s and throughout the 1970s. He is",
"psg_id": "14403978"
},
{
"title": "John Rose (Tennessee politician)",
"text": "50 Award five consecutive years. Transcender Corp. was sold in October 2000 for $60 million. Rose currently owns and is the president of Boson Software, LLC, which helps train IT professionals. In 2002, Rose was appointed Commissioner of Agriculture for the State of Tennessee. As a lifelong farmer and owner of one of Tennessee's oldest working farms, Rose was only 37 at the time of his appointment. Rose is the chairman of the Tennessee State Fair Association. The Tennessee State Fair Association is run by a volunteer board of directors. Rose has chaired the group as a volunteer since 2010.",
"psg_id": "20206534"
},
{
"title": "Chelle Rose",
"text": "Chelle Rose Rachelle Rhea \"Chelle\" Rose (born January 16, 1968) is an American rock, blues, roots singer, songwriter and musician. She released her debut album, “Nanahally River” in 2000. Rose was raised by her maternal grandparents in Lenoir City, Tennessee. As a child, she sang and secretly played the piano when no one was home. She was working as an accountant when she was unexpectedly gifted a guitar, and she began singing, playing, and writing. She moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1996, where she married, raised two children, and recorded her first album. A diagnosis of hypothyroidism in 2014 derailed",
"psg_id": "20212683"
},
{
"title": "Dai Francis (singer)",
"text": "in Sussex aged 73. Dai Francis (singer) Dai Francis (23 August 1930 – 27 November 2003) was a Welsh singer, best known for his performances with the Black and White Minstrels. Francis was born in Glynneath, Glamorgan, the son of a music hall entertainer. Dai himself began performing at the age of ten, \"blacking up\" to sing Dixieland-style numbers. He left school at fourteen to work for the National Coal Board. During National Service with the RAF in 1946-49, where he served alongside Barry Took, Francis played in a forces band. He later began touring as an entertainer and married",
"psg_id": "13498131"
},
{
"title": "Dai Francis (singer)",
"text": "Dai Francis (singer) Dai Francis (23 August 1930 – 27 November 2003) was a Welsh singer, best known for his performances with the Black and White Minstrels. Francis was born in Glynneath, Glamorgan, the son of a music hall entertainer. Dai himself began performing at the age of ten, \"blacking up\" to sing Dixieland-style numbers. He left school at fourteen to work for the National Coal Board. During National Service with the RAF in 1946-49, where he served alongside Barry Took, Francis played in a forces band. He later began touring as an entertainer and married fellow performer Elsie Monks",
"psg_id": "13498129"
},
{
"title": "1917 Rose Bowl",
"text": "1917 Rose Bowl The 1917 Rose Bowl, known at the time as the Tournament East-West Football Game, was a college football bowl game on Monday, It was the third Rose Bowl Game, and matched the Oregon Webfoots and the Penn Quakers. It was played at Tournament Park in Pasadena, California, a suburb northeast of Los Angeles. Scoreless at halftime, Oregon scored a touchdown in each of the final two quarters and won 14–0. Oregon team captain John Beckett was named the Player of the Game when the award was created in 1953, with selections made retroactively. This shutout win was",
"psg_id": "12670125"
},
{
"title": "1917 Rose Bowl",
"text": "put up temporary grandstand seating. 1917 Rose Bowl The 1917 Rose Bowl, known at the time as the Tournament East-West Football Game, was a college football bowl game on Monday, It was the third Rose Bowl Game, and matched the Oregon Webfoots and the Penn Quakers. It was played at Tournament Park in Pasadena, California, a suburb northeast of Los Angeles. Scoreless at halftime, Oregon scored a touchdown in each of the final two quarters and won 14–0. Oregon team captain John Beckett was named the Player of the Game when the award was created in 1953, with selections made",
"psg_id": "12670128"
},
{
"title": "Rose (singer)",
"text": "Rose (singer) Keren Meloul better known as Rose (born in Nice on 24 May 1978) is a French singer, songwriter, author and composer. After studying law, she became a school teacher teaching at the Jewish Merkaz Ohr Joseph in the 19e arrondissement of Paris before launching into music. She gained fame in 2006 with the single \"La Liste\" followed by a similarly titled album. She got a great boost when French singer Alain Souchon invited her to open for him at l'Olympia de Paris and at Zénith de Paris in 2006. In 2007 she started her own tour and appeared",
"psg_id": "18408801"
},
{
"title": "Kim So-hee (singer, born 1917)",
"text": "perform together. Kim then quit school and started to concentrate on pansori and Korean dance. In 1964, she was designated as an Ingan-munhwage and established the Kim So-hee Gugak Institute to teach students. She served as a Korean music instructor in Ewha Women's University, Hanyang University and Jungang University. She won a National Medal for spreading gugak and won the Korean culture and Art prize. She was awarded an Arts, Culture and Arts Promotion Target Achievement, Korea gukak target prize and 2nd Prize sponsored by the UNESCO Asia Music Festival. Kim So-hee (singer, born 1917) Kim So-hee (; December 1,",
"psg_id": "16084075"
},
{
"title": "Michael Rose (singer)",
"text": "Michael Rose (singer) Michael Rose (born 11 July 1957) is a Grammy award winning reggae singer from Jamaica. Possessing a wide-ranged voice, Rose would regularly meet in Kingston with singers, musicians, writers, and producers such as Dennis Brown, Big Youth, The Wailers, Gregory Isaacs, Sly and Robbie, and others. Rose started his recording career as a solo artist for record producers Yabby You and Niney the Observer. He joined Black Uhuru in 1977 after the departure of Don Carlos and Garth Dennis. He led them to international success in the early 1980s, having written most of their popular material. They",
"psg_id": "4081058"
},
{
"title": "Rose Pauly (singer)",
"text": "Agave in \"Die Bakchantinnen\" by Egon Wellesz. From 1927-31 she was on the roster of the Kroll Oper, and she won acclaim for her performances at the Berlin Staatsoper as well. In 1933 she appeared in Salzburg as the Dyer's Wife; the following year she returned in \"Elektra\" in the title role, which she would debut at the Royal Opera House, in 1938, and at the Metropolitan Opera. Pauly made few recordings during her career. Rose Pauly died in Kfar Shmaryahn, near Tel Aviv, aged 81. Rose Pauly (singer) Rose Pauly (sometimes Pauly-Dresden, born Rose Pollak; 15 March 1894 –",
"psg_id": "20239245"
},
{
"title": "Scouting in Tennessee",
"text": "and Crittenden County, Arkansas. Headquarters: Memphis, Tennessee Camps: Girl Scouts of Middle Tennessee serves over 14,000 girls and has 7,000 adult volunteers in 39 Tennessee counties. Nashville had its first troop in 1917 and Nashville Girl Scout Council was chartered in 1926. In 1958 a reorganization led to Cumberland Valley Girl Scout Council covering 20 counties in Tennessee and southern Kentucky. In 2006 a new realignment led to the current larger council. Headquarters: Nashville, Tennessee Camps: Formed by the merger of Girl Scouts of the Appalachian Council, Girl Scouts of Tanasi Council, and Girl Scouts of Moccasin Bend Council. This",
"psg_id": "988508"
},
{
"title": "Francis Rose",
"text": "geography department as Senior Lecturer in Biogeography at King's College London, becoming a Reader in 1975 until 1981. He married in 1943 to Pauline and had a family of three sons and a daughter. Rose was awarded the MBE in 2000. He died at Liss in Hampshire. For a full list of publications see Obituary in \"Watsonia\". Francis Rose Francis Rose MBE (29 September 1921 – 15 July 2006) was an English field botanist and conservationist. He was an author, researcher and teacher. His ecological interests in Britain and Europe included bryophytes, fungi, higher plants, plant communities and woodlands. Rose",
"psg_id": "8393395"
},
{
"title": "Rose Marie",
"text": "Rose Marie Rose Marie (born Rose Marie Mazzetta; August 15, 1923 – December 28, 2017) was an American actress, singer, comedian, and vaudeville performer with a career that ultimately spanned over nine decades — and included film, radio, records, theater, night clubs and television. As a child performer during the years just after the silent film era, she had a successful singing career as Baby Rose Marie. As an adult, she became one of the first major stars to be known simply by her first names. Marie was widely known for her role on the CBS situation comedy \"The Dick",
"psg_id": "3203751"
},
{
"title": "Francis Nash",
"text": "He is honored by several city and county names, including those of Nashville, Tennessee, Nashville, North Carolina, and Nash County, North Carolina. Nash was born around 1742 in Amelia County, Virginia (in an area that would later become Prince Edward County) to John and Ann Owen Nash. His parents were originally from Wales, and several of his seven siblings, including at least one brother, were born there. One of Nash's brothers was Abner Nash, who later became a statesman in North Carolina. By 1763, Francis Nash had moved along with Abner to Childsburgh, which later became Hillsborough. There Francis started",
"psg_id": "1784325"
},
{
"title": "Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee)",
"text": "Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee) Rose Glen was an antebellum plantation in Sevier County, in the U.S. state of Tennessee. At its height, Rose Glen was one of the largest and most lucrative farms in Sevier County, and one of the most productive in East Tennessee. While the farm is no longer operational, the plantation house and several outbuildings— including a physician's office, loom house, and double-cantilever barn— have survived intact, and have been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Rose Glen was established in the late 1840s by Dr. Robert Hatton Hodsden (1806–1864), a Sevier County physician and",
"psg_id": "13832585"
},
{
"title": "Bob Johnstone (singer)",
"text": "Bob Johnstone (singer) Bob Johnstone (born Robert Morton Johnston; September 22, 1916 – May 6, 1994) was an American traditional pop music singer. Johnstone was born Chattanooga, Tennessee, moving with his family to Atlanta, then to the family home town of Nashville, Tennessee, where he grew up. In 1938 he married Georgia Frances Byram; they were to have a son and two daughters. Johnstone began singing professionally in Nashville in 1940 on radio and with the dance orchestras of Beasley Smith and Francis Craig. In 1943 he went to New York City where the following year he was signed by",
"psg_id": "12002046"
},
{
"title": "Chelle Rose",
"text": "on mandolin, Sergio Webb on guitar and resonator guitar, Johnathan Letner on mandolin, and Bukka Allen on keyboards. Chelle Rose Rachelle Rhea \"Chelle\" Rose (born January 16, 1968) is an American rock, blues, roots singer, songwriter and musician. She released her debut album, “Nanahally River” in 2000. Rose was raised by her maternal grandparents in Lenoir City, Tennessee. As a child, she sang and secretly played the piano when no one was home. She was working as an accountant when she was unexpectedly gifted a guitar, and she began singing, playing, and writing. She moved to Nashville, Tennessee in 1996,",
"psg_id": "20212686"
},
{
"title": "Jack Singer",
"text": "Jack Singer Jack Singer (1917 – February 2, 2013) was a Canadian real estate developer, financier, and philanthropist. Although he owned numerous properties across Canada and the USA, he is most famous for his acquisition of Zoetrope Studio in Hollywood, once the primary film property of director, Francis Ford Coppola. Furthermore, the impressive and world-class Jack Singer Concert Hall in Calgary is named after him. Jack Singer was born in Calgary in 1917, one of four siblings: Hymie, Diane (Aceman), and Rosalie (Franks). Singer and his late wife, Shirley (née Cohen), had two sons, Alan Singer and the late Stephen",
"psg_id": "16116883"
},
{
"title": "Liz Rose",
"text": "Liz Rose Elisabeth Wagner Rose (born in Dallas, Texas) is an American country music songwriter best known for her work with Taylor Swift. She has co-written twenty of Swift's officially released songs, including \"White Horse\", \"Teardrops on My Guitar\", and \"You Belong with Me\", which won her and Swift a Grammy Award in 2010. Rose was born in Dallas and raised in Irving, Texas. Rose moved to Nashville, Tennessee with her then-husband, Johnny Rose, and began writing songs through the suggestion of a friend. One of her first cuts was \"Elisabeth\", which was recorded by Billy Gilman. In 2003, Gary",
"psg_id": "14290105"
},
{
"title": "Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee)",
"text": "the Brabson's Ferry Plantation at Boyds Creek, and had given his daughter what is now Rose Glen as a gift for her first wedding. Hodsden and Brabson-Shields initially resided in Maryville, but eventually moved to Rose Glen, where they completed the current plantation house and villa in 1850. In the decade after the completion of Rose Glen, Hodsden served as the first president of the East Tennessee Medical Society and helped establish Sevier County's first masonic society. Although he was a slave owner, and in spite of being married into the pro-secession Brabson family, Hodsden remained a staunch Union supporter",
"psg_id": "13832589"
},
{
"title": "Hal Willis (singer)",
"text": "Music Hall of Fame in 2010. On May 27, 2012, Hal Willis was also inducted to the Quebec Museum of Rock & Roll through a ceremony held in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec, Canada at the international \"Festival des guitares du monde de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue\":www.fgmat.com. In March 2013, at the age of 79 years, Hal Willis released a new single \"Working in the Goldmine\". Willis died in Nashville, Tennessee on September 4, 2015. Hal Willis (singer) Hal Willis (born Leonald Francis Gauthier; July 15, 1933 – September 4, 2015) was a Canadian country singer who lived in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. He was born in",
"psg_id": "9297476"
},
{
"title": "Hugh Turner (footballer, born 1917)",
"text": "Hugh Turner (footballer, born 1917) Hugh Peter Turner (12 May 1917 – 1992), also known as Hughie Turner, was an English footballer who played as a full back in the Football League for Darlington. Turner was born in 1917 in Middlesbrough, which was then in the North Riding of Yorkshire. He began his football career as a wing half with local team South Bank St Peters, turned professional with First Division club Middlesbrough in 1935, and remained with the club for four seasons, during which time he was converted to play at right back. He played for Middlesbrough's \"A\" team",
"psg_id": "18332484"
},
{
"title": "Rose-Marie (singer)",
"text": "former judge in two series of the BBC talent show \"Go For It\". Other television appearances include \"The Royal Variety Show\", \"Shooting Stars\", \"Doctors\", \"Big Brother's Little Brother\", a documentary of herself and various chat shows. As well as her work on television she has been involved in acting in several stage productions and on radio, and played Rita in the 2001 film, \"Cold Fish\". The singer is also involved in charity work, including the promotion of road safety and charity for the underprivileged. Her legs are insured by Lloyd's of London. Rose-Marie (singer) Rose-Marie Avramescu (born 7 February 1956)",
"psg_id": "8825607"
},
{
"title": "Alfred Rose (singer)",
"text": "Alfred Rose (singer) Rosario Alfred Fernandes (5 August 1932 − 21 October 2003), better known by his stage name Alfred Rose, was a Goan tiatrist. Till date, he remains one of the most popular singers and composers of Konkani songs (of the \"cantaram\" category), and is routinely broadcast on the Panaji or Panjim station of All India Radio (Akashvani), the prominent state-funded broadcaster. He is believed to have sung or composed, or both, around 5000 Konkani songs, during his career, but a proper listing of these is itself hard to come by. Alfred Rose was born in Lankdem - Carona,",
"psg_id": "15714358"
},
{
"title": "John Francis Carroll",
"text": "John Francis Carroll John Francis Carroll (June 15, 1858December 4, 1917) was a newspaper publisher and editor who operated the \"Evening Telegram\" in Portland, Oregon. He was best known as an early champion of both the Portland Rose Festival and what became the Carroll Public Market. Carroll was born in 1858 in St. Clair, Pennsylvania, a mining town near extensive coal deposits. His parents, Thaddeus Carroll and Caroline Jordan, had immigrated to Pennsylvania from Ireland. Carroll and his brother were raised by an aunt after the death of their mother. Carroll attended Pennsylvania Normal School in Millersville, and his first",
"psg_id": "18520841"
},
{
"title": "Francis A. and Rose M. Turner House",
"text": "was built in 1905, probably by local builder Fred Thiessen. After Francis' death in 1935 the house passed to their son Joe and his wife Elizabeth. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997. Francis A. and Rose M. Turner House The Francis A. and Rose M. Turner House is a historic building located in Avoca, Iowa, United States. Turner was born in Des Moines County, Iowa, and the family moved to Pottawattamie County the following year where they farmed. After spending a period of time teaching, he studied law and settled in Avoca after passing",
"psg_id": "19842900"
},
{
"title": "John Rose (Tennessee politician)",
"text": "On August 10, 2017, Rose announced that he was running for the 6th Congressional District, a seat that was held by Republican Diane Black, who announced that she was running for Governor. On August 2, 2018, He won the Republican primary, defeating his opponent Bob Corlew. On November 6, 2018, Rose won the election, defeating Democrat Dawn Barlow, with over 70% of the vote. Rose lives in Cookeville with his wife, Chelsea, and their baby son. He also operates a farm in Temperance Hall, south of Cookeville, that has been in his family for eight generations. John Rose (Tennessee politician)",
"psg_id": "20206535"
},
{
"title": "Francis A. and Rose M. Turner House",
"text": "Francis A. and Rose M. Turner House The Francis A. and Rose M. Turner House is a historic building located in Avoca, Iowa, United States. Turner was born in Des Moines County, Iowa, and the family moved to Pottawattamie County the following year where they farmed. After spending a period of time teaching, he studied law and settled in Avoca after passing the bar. Rose M. Woodward was a local school teacher. Their grandson Richard, also an attorney, entered politics and became Iowa's Attorney General and the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa. This two-story frame Neoclassical house",
"psg_id": "19842899"
},
{
"title": "Francis Spurway",
"text": "Francis Spurway Francis Edward Spurway (8 August 1894 – 30 December 1980) was an English cricketer who played 23 first-class matches for Somerset County Cricket Club between 1920 and 1929. Francis Edward, the son of The Reverend Edward Popham Spurway, was born in Winchester, Hampshire. He served in the 5th Battalion, Prince Albert's (Somerset Light Infantry) during the First World War. In July 1915 he was assigned as a temporary Captain, which he then relinquished in April 1917, receiving a promotion from Second Lieutenant to Lieutenant at the same time. Later in 1917, he was given command of a Company,",
"psg_id": "15077091"
},
{
"title": "Moos (singer)",
"text": "Moos (singer) Moos is a French singer (born in 1974, in Toulouse, France) and had a great success with the song \"Au Nom de la rose\". Moos was born in Toulouse to Moroccan parents and raised in the multiethnic neighborhood of Mirail, where different styles are mixed: African raï, funk, R&B. He first performed a song on Radio Toulouse, then released his first single in 1998, \"Qui me donnera des ailes\" (\"Who Will Give Me Wings\"), which was frequently played on French radio. His greatest success was the second single \"Au Nom de la rose\", released in 1999, which was",
"psg_id": "12549859"
},
{
"title": "Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee)",
"text": "Glen, which they completed in 1850. By 1860, Rose Glen had grown to worth $28,000, making it by far the most valuable farm in Sevier County. Livestock at Rose Glen included fourteen horses, thirty-seven cattle, sixty-seven sheep, four oxen, and one-hundred eighty hogs. Hodsden and fifteen slaves produced 3,400 bushels of oats, 360 bushels of wheat, 50 bushels of sweet potatoes, 18 tons of hay, 100 pounds of wool, 300 gallons of molasses, and over 3,000 pounds of butter. Rose Glen's 1,200 pounds of rice was one of the largest rice crops in East Tennessee. The plantation also had a",
"psg_id": "13832592"
},
{
"title": "First Presbyterian Church (Greeneville, Tennessee)",
"text": "Dr. Daniel Donaldson. The church and its congregation were heavily involved in the abolitionist movement in East Tennessee. Rev. Hezekiah Balch freed his slaves at the Greene County Courthouse in 1807. Rev. Samuel Doak, the founder of Tusculum College, followed in 1818. Francis McCorkle, the pastor of Greeneville's Presbyterian Church, was a leading member of the Manumission Society of Tennessee. First Presbyterian Church is the parent church of Tusculum College. It is listed as a historic place with the Tennessee Historical Commission (marker 1C-59) and is also listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Greeneville",
"psg_id": "13728717"
},
{
"title": "Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee)",
"text": "throughout the Civil War. He represented Sevier County at the East Tennessee Union Convention in June 1861, and in November of that year was imprisoned after Confederate authorities accused him of aiding Unionist guerillas in the destruction of several railroad bridges across the Tennessee Valley. Hodsden was eventually released, however, and returned to Rose Glen, where died of heart failure on June 18, 1864. In spite of the rift the war had created between Hodsden and his in-laws, Hodsden was buried in the Brabson Cemetery at Brabson's Ferry Plantation. In the early 19th century, what is now Rose Glen was",
"psg_id": "13832590"
},
{
"title": "Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee)",
"text": "politician who by 1860 had become one of the county's wealthiest individuals. Hodsden was an attending physician for the Cherokee Removal (commonly called the Trail of Tears) in the late 1830s, and between 1841 and 1845, he represented Blount County in the Tennessee state legislature. Although he was a slave owner, Hodsden was staunchly pro-Union during the American Civil War, and was a member of the Sevier County delegation at the East Tennessee Convention in Greeneville in 1861. Rose Glen is still owned and maintained by Hodsden's descendants. Rose Glen is located at the junction of State Highway 416 (Pittman",
"psg_id": "13832586"
},
{
"title": "Francis Wallington",
"text": "Cross four times; the first on 26 January 1917, the second on 16 August 1917, the third on 25 August 1917, and the fourth on 16 September 1918. Francis Wallington Francis Victor Wallington MC & Three Bars (16 October 1891 – 1971) was a decorated British Army officer. He was the first of four soldiers to be awarded the Military Cross four times, all in the First World War. Wallington was born in Woolwich. He joined the Royal Horse Artillery in 1906. He reached the rank of bombardier while serving with the 7th Brigade, RHA. Early in the First World",
"psg_id": "18082664"
},
{
"title": "Margo (singer)",
"text": "Margo (singer) Margo (born Margeret Catherine O'Donnell; February 6, 1951) is an Irish singer. She rose to prominence during the 1960s in the Irish country music scene and has had an extensive career since. Margo was brought up in the small village of Kincasslagh, in The Rosses area of County Donegal, Ireland. She grew up in a Catholic family, with her parents Francis and Julia (née McGonagle) O'Donnell, and her siblings: John (the eldest), Kathleen, James; and the youngest Daniel, who is also a singer. Her father died of a heart attack when she was a young woman. Margo started",
"psg_id": "8234556"
},
{
"title": "Francis Furman",
"text": "Francis Furman Francis Furman (1816–1899) was an American businessman in Nashville, Tennessee. Francis Furman was born in 1816. Furman was a successful dry goods merchant in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1850, he was a partner in a dry goods store with R. C. McNairy and George S. Whitman called McNairy, Furman & Co. By 1861, at the outset of the American Civil War, Furman dissolved his business, Furman & Co., which he co-owned with George Searight, James M. Goodloe, and Andrew Campbetl. After the war, he was the co-owner of Furman, Green & Co., another drygoods store with Frank W. Green,",
"psg_id": "17693062"
},
{
"title": "Alfred Rose (singer)",
"text": "on the father of hypnotism - Abbe Faria. His novels include \"Munis vo Devchar\", which is based on his drama by the same title. He introduced the concept of non-stop drama in Konkani with his presentation of \"Director Saib\" in 1961. Alfred Rose is also credited with recording eight songs in a single day. Alfred acted in Konkani films like \"Amchem Noxib\" and \"Sukhachem Sopon\". He provided the musical score, sang, wrote the lyrics for and acted in the Konkani film \"Bogllant\" starring Prem Kumar with Rose's wife, Rita Rose - herself a very good singer. He produced and directed",
"psg_id": "15714361"
},
{
"title": "Francis Furman",
"text": "Humanities Department. Furman Hall statue by Johannes Gelert Francis Furman Francis Furman (1816–1899) was an American businessman in Nashville, Tennessee. Francis Furman was born in 1816. Furman was a successful dry goods merchant in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1850, he was a partner in a dry goods store with R. C. McNairy and George S. Whitman called McNairy, Furman & Co. By 1861, at the outset of the American Civil War, Furman dissolved his business, Furman & Co., which he co-owned with George Searight, James M. Goodloe, and Andrew Campbetl. After the war, he was the co-owner of Furman, Green &",
"psg_id": "17693065"
},
{
"title": "Hal Willis (singer)",
"text": "Hal Willis (singer) Hal Willis (born Leonald Francis Gauthier; July 15, 1933 – September 4, 2015) was a Canadian country singer who lived in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. He was born in Rouyn-Noranda, Quebec the youngest son of Alfred and Evelina Gauthier. His famous country single was \"The Lumberjack,\" an international hit that sold over 1.5 million copies. In 1965, it peaked at number 5 on the \"Billboard\" country charts in the USA. This success was such a phenomenon that he was nicknamed \"Mr. Lumberjack.\" His popularity started rising in 1956 when he and his wife, Ginger Willis, were hired by",
"psg_id": "9297474"
},
{
"title": "Hans Rose",
"text": "ordered the abandonment of their ships. On March 11, 1917 Rose, still in command of \"U-53\", torpedoed and sank the 6705 tons Cunard Liner . On December 6, 1917 Rose torpedoed and sank which was the first American destroyer to be lost during the First World War. The torpedo hit \"Jacob Jones\" at , the longest successful torpedo shot on record at the time . On December 20, 1917 \"Rose\" was awarded the \"Pour le Mérite\" for his achievements in the tonnage war. He was also awarded the \"Ritterkreuz des Hohenzollerschen Hausordens mit Schwertern\". Hans Rose was in command of",
"psg_id": "9980031"
},
{
"title": "Anna Belle Francis",
"text": "@belleamafia Anna Belle Francis Anna Belle Francis (born 1978) is a Singaporean entertainer and singer of Eurasian ethnicity. First emerging into the entertainment scene as a young child, Francis has a prolific portfolio, having recorded many songs and produced and starred in many films and plays. A Eurasian, Francis was born 1978 in Singapore, to \"a family with a strong and popular musical background\". Her father was a drummer. Her Aunty, Irene Francis was a well known singer in the 70's and 80's including her Uncle, Stephen Francis, a pianist till today. She grew up watching her family perform on",
"psg_id": "17352824"
},
{
"title": "Anna Belle Francis",
"text": "Anna Belle Francis Anna Belle Francis (born 1978) is a Singaporean entertainer and singer of Eurasian ethnicity. First emerging into the entertainment scene as a young child, Francis has a prolific portfolio, having recorded many songs and produced and starred in many films and plays. A Eurasian, Francis was born 1978 in Singapore, to \"a family with a strong and popular musical background\". Her father was a drummer. Her Aunty, Irene Francis was a well known singer in the 70's and 80's including her Uncle, Stephen Francis, a pianist till today. She grew up watching her family perform on TV",
"psg_id": "17352820"
},
{
"title": "U.S. Route 19 in Tennessee",
"text": "US-421 toward Mountain City. The intersection forms the eastern terminus of SR-1. SR-1 joins the three U.S. Highways for three blocks to State Street, which follows the Tennessee–Virginia state line and serves as the main street of both cities of Bristol. SR-1 turns west along State Street while the three U.S. Highways continue into Bristol, Virginia. Though the highway is commonly known as \"US 19\" throughout the state, the highway does have other known names it uses locally in areas. US-19 first appears in Tennessee in 1927, from the North Carolina state line (near Elk Park) to Bluff City. Later",
"psg_id": "13186131"
},
{
"title": "Scouting in Tennessee",
"text": "of the Boy Scouts. In 1917 the first girl scout troops in Nashville and elsewhere in Tennessee began meeting. In 1922 Knox County received a charter. In 1926 the Nashville Girl Scout Council was chartered.Most Girl Scouts of the USA units were originally segregated by race according to state and local laws and customs. In 1924, Josephine Groves then working at a shelter for African-American mothers and families in need in Nashville heard about Girl Scouting and attended a training course for leaders. She brought scouting back to the girls at the shelter; however, none of this was official since",
"psg_id": "988503"
},
{
"title": "Rose Cleveland",
"text": "Rose Cleveland Rose Elizabeth Cleveland (June 13, 1846 – November 22, 1918), was acting First Lady of the United States from 1885 to 1886, during the first of her brother, President Grover Cleveland's two administrations. The president was a bachelor until he married Francis Folsom on June 2, 1886, fourteen months into his first term. Rose Elizabeth Cleveland was born in Fayetteville, New York, on June 14, 1846. Known to her family as \"Libby\", Rose was the youngest of nine children born to Richard Falley Cleveland and Ann Neal Cleveland. In September 1853, the family moved to Holland Patent, New",
"psg_id": "6712140"
},
{
"title": "Ashley Smith (singer)",
"text": "from music. She currently lives in Tennessee on an off grid farm with her husband and children and is an independent distributor for Young Living's brand of essential oils and products. Ashley Smith (singer) Ashley Taylor Smith (neè Horn; born October 12, 1992 in San Bernardino, California), formerly known by her stage names Bambi Monroe, Princess Bambi Monroe and Taylor Horn, is an American entrepreneur and a former singer-songwriter, actress and vlogger/blogger and was one-half of the English-American alternative punk duo The Trending (formerly Civilized Tears). She was once compared to then-fellow Kentwood native and singer Britney Spears by various",
"psg_id": "10491745"
},
{
"title": "Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee)",
"text": "added the corn crib, silo, and rack-sided barn. The smokehouse, constructed around 1850, is built of hewn logs and is accessed by a board and batten door with iron hinges. The double-cantilever barn, built late-19th century, is a double-pen barn retaining much of its original cantilevered form, although a tractor shed was later added to the barn. The hay barn, located across the street from the main house lot, is a rack-sided barn with a gambrel roof, built in the 1920s. With the exception of the smokehouse, all the outbuildings are frame structures. Rose Glen (Sevierville, Tennessee) Rose Glen was",
"psg_id": "13832597"
},
{
"title": "Horse industry in Tennessee",
"text": "in Tennessee had to be continued with horses from Northern states. Following the outlawing of betting in 1905, horse racing in Tennessee took a sharp drop and gaited horses began to rise in popularity. Commonly referred to as \"Plantation\" horses, they had been bred for a smooth gait that made riding over large distances easier. As farms became motorized and horses were replaced by tractors, interest in horse shows rose. This led to the specialized breeding of gaited horses for saddle seat show competition, specifically the Tennessee Walking Horse. American Saddlebreds were also popular in the state during the 1930s",
"psg_id": "19862508"
},
{
"title": "Francis in the Navy",
"text": "on LaserDisc in May 1994 by MCA/Universal Home Video (Catalog #: 42024) as part of an Encore Edition Double Feature with \"Francis Goes to the Races\" (1951). The first two Francis films were released again in 2004 by Universal Pictures on Region 1 and Region 4 DVD, along with the next two in the series, as \"The Adventures of Francis the Talking Mule Vol. 1\". Several years later, Universal released all 7 Francis films as a set on three Region 1 and Region 4 DVDs, \"Francis The Talking Mule: The Complete Collection.\" Citations Bibliography Francis in the Navy Francis in",
"psg_id": "10370555"
},
{
"title": "Saul Rose",
"text": "lost out to fellow squeezebox player John Kirkpatrick. In 2011 Rose took the part of the Songman in the West End play \"War Horse\" playing and singing as well as some acting roles. Saul Rose Saul Rose (born 1973) is an English folk melodeon player and singer. Born in Harrow, he first picked up the melodeon after breaking his leg at the age of eleven and was taught his first tunes by his father. After entering the BBC Radio 2 Young Tradition Award in 1991 (which he didn't win) he gained some exposure. Through that, he was invited to join",
"psg_id": "12504943"
},
{
"title": "Mike Francis",
"text": "Mike Francis Michele Francesco Puccioni (April 26, 1961 – January 30, 2009), better known under his stage name Mike Francis, was an Italian singer and composer, born in Florence, Italy. He was best known for his 1984 hit, \"Survivor\". Puccioni formed his first band at age 14 with schoolmates from l'Istituto di Studi Americano in Rome. Under the stage name Mike Francis, he had his first hit with \"Survivor\" in 1984 and went on to record ten studio albums. Among his best known works is the song \"Friends\", a duet with Amii Stewart released in 1985 which became a big",
"psg_id": "12986150"
},
{
"title": "Mary Rose McGee",
"text": "a member of the New York State Assembly in 1977 and 1978. In November 1978, she ran for re-election, but was defeated by Republican Toni Rettaliata. Mary Rose McGee died on March 5, 2004. A commemorative plaque honoring her achievements stands outside of the employee picnic area at the Huntington Town Hall. Mary Rose McGee Mary Rose McGee (August 17, 1917 – March 5, 2004) was an American politician from New York. She was the first woman elected to the New York State Assembly from Long Island. She was born Mary Rose Grasher on August 17, 1917 in Kansas City,",
"psg_id": "18552551"
},
{
"title": "First Tennessee",
"text": "First Tennessee First Tennessee, part of the First Horizon National Corporation, is a financial services company based in Memphis, Tennessee. First Tennessee provides financial services through more than 180 locations in and around Tennessee. The company was founded during the Civil War in 1864 and has the 14th oldest national bank charter in the country. Frank Davis, a businessman from Ohio, came to Memphis to open the first federally chartered bank in Memphis. Though the city was under martial law after being captured by Union forces in the Civil War, First National Bank of Memphis was officially chartered for business",
"psg_id": "5202046"
},
{
"title": "Born in the U.S.A.",
"text": "Born in the U.S.A. Born in the U.S.A. is the seventh studio album by American rock singer-songwriter Bruce Springsteen. It was released by Columbia Records on June 4, 1984. The album's music was written by Springsteen and recorded with his E Street Band and producers Chuck Plotkin and Jon Landau at The Power Station and The Hit Factory in New York City. When \"Born in the U.S.A.\" was first released, it was met with positive reviews and massive commercial success. It produced seven top-10 hit singles and was promoted with a worldwide concert tour by Springsteen. \"Born in the U.S.A.\"",
"psg_id": "767836"
},
{
"title": "1868 United States presidential election in Tennessee",
"text": "1868 United States presidential election in Tennessee The 1868 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 3, 1868, as part of the 1868 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose ten representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. Tennessee was won by Ulysses S. Grant, formerly the 6th Commanding General of the United States Army (R-Ohio), running with Speaker of the House Schuyler Colfax, with 68.43% of the popular vote, against the 18th governor of New York, Horatio Seymour (D–New York), running with former Senator Francis Preston Blair, Jr., with",
"psg_id": "20723885"
},
{
"title": "Not in This Lifetime... Tour",
"text": "for AC/DC during the European leg of their \"Rock or Bust Tour\" in which Axl Rose served as the replacement singer. Chris Stapleton was a surprising selection as opener for the Nashville show, as Guns N' Roses usually picks artists within the same music genre as themselves, though it proved a successful choice for the Tennessee audience. Wolfmother opened their first show on the tour on July 12 in Pittsburgh, and would continue to appear as a supporting act throughout the tour. The singer, Andrew Stockdale, has a past working relationship with Slash, appearing on the 2010 single \"By The",
"psg_id": "19424415"
},
{
"title": "Places in Virginia with names involving \"Dale\"",
"text": "from Glen Dale Farm, which as so named by Hannah Jane Cockayne, née Alexander. It is known she was 20 or 21 at the time of West Virginia's secession, and that she married the owner in 1863, so even \"Glen Dale Farm, Virginia\" may be an anachronistic term. It is clear that what is now the city of Glen Dale was \"never\" a city while its location lay in Virginia. The remaining Dale/-dale-named West Virginia places are: Places in Virginia with names involving \"Dale\" The term or name Dale appears in a number of place names in the American state",
"psg_id": "17417037"
},
{
"title": "Jeff Francis (American football)",
"text": "Jeff Francis (American football) Jeffrey Lee Francis (born July 7, 1966) is a former American football player. Francis attended Prospect High School. Francis played quarterback for Johnny Majors at the University of Tennessee from 1985 to 1988, starting from 1987 to 1988. He was the starting quarterback for Tennessee in the 1988 Peach Bowl, which the Volunteers won 27–22 over the Indiana Hoosiers. He was Tennessee's all-time leader in pass completions and passing yards at the time of his graduation. Francis was drafted by the Los Angeles Raiders in the sixth round of the 1989 NFL Draft and spent his",
"psg_id": "13479015"
},
{
"title": "Moos (singer)",
"text": "been unofficially released on internet. Parallel with this activity he has opened a teahouse and a night club in Toulouse. Moos (singer) Moos is a French singer (born in 1974, in Toulouse, France) and had a great success with the song \"Au Nom de la rose\". Moos was born in Toulouse to Moroccan parents and raised in the multiethnic neighborhood of Mirail, where different styles are mixed: African raï, funk, R&B. He first performed a song on Radio Toulouse, then released his first single in 1998, \"Qui me donnera des ailes\" (\"Who Will Give Me Wings\"), which was frequently played",
"psg_id": "12549861"
},
{
"title": "Saul Rose",
"text": "Saul Rose Saul Rose (born 1973) is an English folk melodeon player and singer. Born in Harrow, he first picked up the melodeon after breaking his leg at the age of eleven and was taught his first tunes by his father. After entering the BBC Radio 2 Young Tradition Award in 1991 (which he didn't win) he gained some exposure. Through that, he was invited to join the ceilidh band Phungus as cover for the main melodeon player Paul Nye who had been unwell. This line-up has evolved into Random which plays folk festivals and has recorded two albums. In",
"psg_id": "12504941"
},
{
"title": "Francis Sheehy-Skeffington",
"text": "own surname he adopted as part of his name, resulting in the name \"Sheehy Skeffington\". They always showed their joined names unhyphenated. Francis Sheehy Skeffington was born in Bailieborough, County Cavan, the only son of Joseph Skeffington, a school inspector, and Rose Magorian of County Down. His parents had been married at the Roman Catholic Chapel at Ballykinlar, Co. Down in 1869. Francis was educated initially at home by his father, and later at the Jesuit community in St Stephen's Green, Dublin. Francis's radical sympathies manifested early on through his enthusiasm for the constructed language Esperanto. In 1893, at the",
"psg_id": "5697763"
},
{
"title": "Names of the Basque Country (in Spanish)",
"text": "other languages (first of all Basque, though also Latin) are acknowledged if in circulation also in Spanish. The list contains indisputably proper names (e.g. \"Provincias Vascongadas\"), names with unclear or varying usage (e.g. \"Provincias Exentas\" or \"provincias exentas\") and names which have never acquired the status of a proper name, though they might have been intended to (e.g. \"provincias hermanas\"). Names differing only in terms of orthography are grouped under one heading. Non-Spanish names which barely made it to the Spanish cultural discourse (e.g. \"Hirurak bat\", \"Zazpiak Bat\", ) are not listed. A term sometimes used in official and semi-official",
"psg_id": "19261002"
},
{
"title": "Alfred Rose (singer)",
"text": "magic wand in his hand delivering the opening song for tiatrs has become the most identifiable image of Alfred Rose. Alfred Rose (singer) Rosario Alfred Fernandes (5 August 1932 − 21 October 2003), better known by his stage name Alfred Rose, was a Goan tiatrist. Till date, he remains one of the most popular singers and composers of Konkani songs (of the \"cantaram\" category), and is routinely broadcast on the Panaji or Panjim station of All India Radio (Akashvani), the prominent state-funded broadcaster. He is believed to have sung or composed, or both, around 5000 Konkani songs, during his career,",
"psg_id": "15714363"
},
{
"title": "Rose Room",
"text": "Rose Room \"Rose Room\", also known as \"In Sunny Roseland\", is a 1917 jazz standard, music by Art Hickman, lyrics by Harry Williams. It is almost always performed as an instrumental. Composed at a time when the popularity of ragtime was fading in favor of thirty-two-bar form and twelve-bar blues songs, the song has been called \"definitely ahead of its time\" by composer Alec Wilder. Indeed, while popular in the late 1910s and early 1920s, the song enjoyed its biggest popularity during the swing era. The song was named after the Rose Room in St. Francis Hotel, where Hickman was",
"psg_id": "13397500"
},
{
"title": "First Tennessee",
"text": "customers a wide range of wealth management services through its affiliate, FTB Advisors, Inc. FTB Advisors was launched as the primary name for First Tennessee's Wealth Management division in 2013, but the company has been supporting the sophisticated financial needs of affluent customers for much of its history. The company’s services include guidance focused on investments, retirement, insurance, trusts, financial planning, and estate planning. First Tennessee First Tennessee, part of the First Horizon National Corporation, is a financial services company based in Memphis, Tennessee. First Tennessee provides financial services through more than 180 locations in and around Tennessee. The company",
"psg_id": "5202052"
},
{
"title": "A Rose in the Wind",
"text": "features a rock edge, which pays quite a homage to the singer's past as a pop-rock singer in Indonesia. Moreover, there are some Indonesian spoken parts. Among the songs of the album \"Snow on the Sahara\", Anggun acknowledges \"A Rose in the Wind\" as her favourite, affirming that: \"It's my real story. It's the most personal song in terms of melody and a perfect example of what you find between Indonesia and the culture here (West). Lyrically, it's something in which you can find the different faces of me, of a woman, the weak, the strong, the things that frighten",
"psg_id": "13250696"
},
{
"title": "First Tennessee",
"text": "top 10 mortgage originators. The bank has begun expanding beyond the state of Tennessee with commercial banking and private client services available in an increasing number of markets in the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic United States. On June 10, 2013, First Tennessee Bank took ownership of all 12 Mountain National Bank branches. First Tennessee banking services are available to individual consumers as well as businesses of all sizes. Combined, the bank's customer base represents the largest deposit share in four of Tennessee's five major metropolitan areas. With a strong focus on service and satisfaction, First Tennessee enjoys one of the highest",
"psg_id": "5202050"
},
{
"title": "Danny Rose (footballer, born 1993)",
"text": "August 2016. On 30 September 2017, Rose scored 2 goals and forced an own goal as Mansfield beat local rivals Notts County 3-1. Danny Rose (footballer, born 1993) Daniel Antony Rose (born 10 December 1993) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for club Mansfield Town. Born in Barnsley, Rose signed his first professional contract with hometown club Barnsley in March 2011, alongside Jordan Clark. He made his senior debut in the Football League on 25 April 2011, in a 2–2 draw at home to Doncaster Rovers. He scored his first goal for Barnsley against Burnley in",
"psg_id": "15579557"
},
{
"title": "Alfred Rose (singer)",
"text": "his first tiatr \"Hench Tem Karan\" in 1956. Some of his hit tiatrs were \"Rogtak Tannelelo\", \"Lakhpoti Nouro\", \"Dotor Advogad\", \"Bhangaracho Voti\", \"Angounnechi Okol\", \"Munis vo Deuchar\", \"Pessaumcar\", \"Nirmon vo Formonn\" and \"Natalanchi Bhett\". Alfred Rose also composed music for Bollywood films. The Hindi film \"Love in Goa\" has music composed by him. He had his own band called Rosebuds Swing Band along with his brothers Marshall and Albert. He has performed not only in various parts of India but also in London, Paris, Frankfurt and the Middle East. The singer with a Panama hat on his head and a",
"psg_id": "15714362"
},
{
"title": "Manuel González (footballer, born 1917)",
"text": "Manuel González (footballer, born 1917) José Manuel González López (10 October 1917 – 24 July 1988) was a Spanish professional footballer who played as a defender. González started his career in Granada's squad in 1941. He made his professional debut on 28 September during a 1–1 draw at Los Cármenes with Celta. That was the first of thirteen appearances in his opening campaign, prior to eighty-two across the following three; the last finishing with relegation to the Segunda División. In that time, González scored for the first time in a 5–2 win versus Celta in April 1944. He stayed with",
"psg_id": "20732776"
},
{
"title": "Born in the U.K.",
"text": "Born in the U.K. Born in the U.K. is the fifth album released by the singer-songwriter Badly Drawn Boy, real name Damon Gough, released on 16 October 2006. The album's title is a reference to Bruce Springsteen’s 1984 album \"Born in the U.S.A.\". Gough is a big fan of Springsteen, citing his work as an inspiration for his music. \"Born in the U.K.\" was Gough's first album on his new record label EMI (his contract with his previous label XL Recordings collapsed in 2004) and is co-produced with Nick Franglen, one half of the acclaimed trip-hop/electronica outfit Lemon Jelly, another",
"psg_id": "8563010"
},
{
"title": "The Book of Proper Names",
"text": "the Paris Opera Ballet School, a rigorous institution portrayed as a \"scalpel to slice away the last flesh of childhood.\" The Book of Proper Names The Book of Proper Names () is a Belgian novel by Amélie Nothomb. It was first published in 2002. It is a romanticized account of the life of the singer RoBERT, whom Nothomb became acquainted with as an avid admirer of her songs. In a vaguely surreal story, an extraordinary little girl is born from strange circumstances - her mother murdered her father, gave birth in prison, and then hanged herself. Plectrude, as the girl",
"psg_id": "14910649"
},
{
"title": "The Book of Proper Names",
"text": "The Book of Proper Names The Book of Proper Names () is a Belgian novel by Amélie Nothomb. It was first published in 2002. It is a romanticized account of the life of the singer RoBERT, whom Nothomb became acquainted with as an avid admirer of her songs. In a vaguely surreal story, an extraordinary little girl is born from strange circumstances - her mother murdered her father, gave birth in prison, and then hanged herself. Plectrude, as the girl is unfortunately named by her mother, is adopted by her aunt and lives a fairy-like existence until she enrolls into",
"psg_id": "14910648"
},
{
"title": "Rose Muralikrishnan",
"text": "Rose Muralikrishnan Dr. Rose Muralikrishnan Carnatic Music Singer, Voice Trainer, Composer, Conductor & Song Writer. Dr. Rose Muralikrishnan a classical Carnatic music Singer, Voice Trainer, Composer, Conductor, and Song Writer was born in Chennai, India and settled in the United States. Her father was a lawyer mother a teacher and she was the first one of the four siblings. After completing her higher secondary education, Rose received her Bachelor's degree in South Indian Music Performance and Theory from Queen Mary's College in Chennai. She then received her Master's degree in Carnatic Music from the University of Madras. She received her",
"psg_id": "7736358"
},
{
"title": "First Tennessee Plaza",
"text": "First Tennessee Plaza The First Tennessee Plaza, or Plaza Tower, is an office high-rise located at 800 Gay Street in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1978, the 27-story structure is Knoxville's tallest building and an iconic part of the city's skyline. The building was originally known as the United American Plaza, with its current name being adopted in 1995 to reflect its anchor tenant, First Tennessee. The First Tennessee Plaza occupies the entire block bounded by Gay Street, Main Street, State Street, and Cumberland Avenue. The building rises over , contains of office space, and sits atop a 393-space",
"psg_id": "14662359"
},
{
"title": "Katy Rose",
"text": "Katy Rose Kathryn Rosemary Bullard (born January 27, 1987), known as Katy Rose, is an American singer, songwriter, producer, musician and actress. Her music styles vary from indie rock, Electropop, grunge, pop, lounge music and techno. Starting at age sixteen, Rose began work on her debut album, \"Because I Can\" for V2 Records, which was released on January 27, 2004, along with \"Overdrive\", her first single from the album. \"Overdrive\" also appears on the \"Mean Girls\" soundtrack. \"Lemon\" is featured on the \"Thirteen\" soundtrack. Both songs are featured on \"Because I Can\". After parting from V2 Records in 2005, her",
"psg_id": "2876759"
},
{
"title": "Dave Thomas (footballer, born 1917)",
"text": "Dave Thomas (footballer, born 1917) David Watkin John \"Dave\" Thomas (6 July 1917 – 30 March 1991) was an English footballer who played as a centre forward. He played in the Football League for Plymouth Argyle, Watford and Gillingham, scoring 112 goals in 259 appearances. He also played non-league football for Romford and Sittingbourne. His brother, Bob, played in the Football League for several clubs as an inside forward. Born in Stepney, Thomas began his career in non-league football with Romford. He joined Football League club Plymouth Argyle in 1938, as manager Jack Tresadern's first signing, and established himself as",
"psg_id": "11082064"
},
{
"title": "Ania (singer)",
"text": "March 2013 second official single was released, \"Jeszcze ten jeden raz\". Ania's second child, daughter Mela, was born later in 2013. 2014 saw her embark on a successful tour commemorating the 10th anniversary of the release of \"Samotność po zmierzchu\". Ania (singer) Anna \"Ania\" Dąbrowska (), usually referred to as Ania (), is a Polish singer, songwriter, and composer performing pop music, born January 7, 1981. Ania rose to stardom in 2004 with the release of \"Samotność po zmierzchu\" which was met with positive critical and commercial reception. The second album, \"Kilka historii na ten sam temat\", was her first",
"psg_id": "9771292"
},
{
"title": "First Tennessee Plaza",
"text": "the building for as part of a $50 million portfolio to the Brooklyn-based North Development Group, an umbrella firm representing several New York-based investment companies. http://www.providencecres.com First Tennessee Plaza The First Tennessee Plaza, or Plaza Tower, is an office high-rise located at 800 Gay Street in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. Completed in 1978, the 27-story structure is Knoxville's tallest building and an iconic part of the city's skyline. The building was originally known as the United American Plaza, with its current name being adopted in 1995 to reflect its anchor tenant, First Tennessee. The First Tennessee Plaza occupies the entire",
"psg_id": "14662362"
},
{
"title": "Tennessee in the American Civil War",
"text": "West Tennessee returned an equally heavy majority in favor. The deciding vote came in Middle Tennessee, which went from 51 percent against secession in February to 88 percent in favor in June. Having ratified by popular vote its connection with the fledgling Confederacy, Tennessee became the last state to declare formally its withdrawal from the Union. Control of the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers was important in gaining control of Tennessee during the age of steamboats. Tennessee relied on northbound riverboats to receive staple commodities from the Cumberland and Tennessee valleys. The idea of using the rivers to breach the Confederate",
"psg_id": "8609956"
},
{
"title": "Francis X. Ahearn",
"text": "Francis X. Ahearn Francis X. Ahearn (February 26, 1917–December 12, 2006) was an American politician who served on the Boston City Council from 1952 to 1958. He was the council president in 1953. Ahearn was born on February 26, 1917 in Brighton. He graduated from Boston College in 1940 with a degree in economics and went on to attend Boston College Law School. In 1940 he married Doris E. Johnson, whom he first met when they attended junior high school. The couple had two sons, one of whom, Rick Ahearn, also became involved in politics. During World War II, Ahearn",
"psg_id": "20045862"
},
{
"title": "Gerry Francis (footballer, born 1933)",
"text": "Gerry Francis (footballer, born 1933) Gerry Francis (born Johannesburg, South Africa, 6 December 1933) is a former professional footballer who played as a right winger for Leeds United, York City and Tonbridge Angels. He was the first black footballer to play for Leeds. Francis, who was a shoe-repairer from South Africa, began his footballing career in England as an amateur with Leeds United before being given a professional contract in July 1957. He made his debut in the 1959–60 season, becoming the first black footballer to play for Leeds. He joined a declining side that was relegated at the end",
"psg_id": "13173850"
},
{
"title": "Francis in the Haunted House",
"text": "Feature with \"Francis Goes to the Races\" (1951). The first two Francis films were released again in 2004 by Universal Pictures on Region 1 and Region 4 DVD, along with the next two in the series, as \"The Adventures of Francis the Talking Mule Vol. 1\". Several years later, Universal released all 7 Francis films as a set on three Region 1 and Region 4 DVDs, \"Francis The Talking Mule: The Complete Collection.\" Francis in the Haunted House Francis in the Haunted House is a 1956 American black-and-white comedy film from Universal-International, produced by Robert Arthur, directed by Charles Lamont,",
"psg_id": "14469274"
}
] | [
"for sentimental reasons (dinah shore/proper records album)",
"frances rose shore",
"frances shore",
"for sentimental reasons (dinah shore/asv album)",
"dinah shore",
"for sentimental reasons (dinah shore album)"
] |
who choreographed the first performance of copland's rodeo? | [
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, which premiered in 1942. Subtitled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", the ballet consists of five sections: \"Buckaroo Holiday\", \"Corral Nocturne\", \"Ranch House Party,\" \"Saturday Night Waltz\", and \"Hoe-Down\". The symphonic version omits \"Ranch House Party\", leaving the other sections relatively intact. The original ballet was choreographed by Agnes de Mille for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, a dance company that moved to the United States during World War II. In order to compete with the rival company Ballet Theatre, the Ballet Russe commissioned",
"psg_id": "15356596"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Rodeo",
"text": "performance level permits pageantry and ritual which serve to \"revitalize the spirit of the Old West\" while its contest level poses a man-animal opposition that articulates the transformation of nature and \"dramatizes and perpetuates the conflict between the wild and the tame.\" \"On its deepest level, rodeo is essentially a ritual addressing itself to the dilemma of man's place in nature.\" Rodeo is a popular topic in country-western music, such as the 1991 Garth Brooks hit single \"Rodeo\", and has also been featured in numerous movies, television programs and in literature. \"Rodeo\" is a ballet score written by Aaron Copland",
"psg_id": "848775"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "composer's claim in \"Copland Since 1943\" that \"The European premiere was more successful than the New York reception,\" reviews about \"Connotations\" remained mainly negative; comments abounded about \"mere din\" and \"dodecaphonic deserts.\" When the London audience gave the work a lengthy ovation, Bernstein responded that he would conduct another Copland work as an encore. When cries of \"Oh, oh\" ensued, he added, \"But this will be in a different style.\" He then conducted \"Hoe-Down\" from the ballet \"Rodeo\". A release of the New York performance by Columbia Records fared no better. Robert Marsh found the music \"dreary\" and \"dull.\" Irving",
"psg_id": "5646438"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "surrounding the composition of \"Rodeo\" led to its having a number of features that set it apart from other Copland compositions. Though many of Copland's works incorporate traditional American folk tunes, \"Rodeo\" is unique in that it leaves them quite intact in the score, with very little alteration on the part of the composer. This is likely attributable in part to De Mille's control over the work. Indeed, she had already blocked the entire show before Copland had written a single note and also transcribed several folk tunes, including \"Old Paint\", for Copland in addition to her blocking notes. The",
"psg_id": "15356601"
},
{
"title": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland) Aaron Copland's Clarinet Concerto (also referred to as the \"Concerto for clarinet, strings and harp\") was written between 1947 and 1949, although a first version was available in 1948. The concerto was later choreographed by Jerome Robbins for the ballet \"Pied Piper\" (1951). Soon after Copland composed his Symphony No. 3, in 1947 jazz clarinetist Benny Goodman commissioned him to write a concerto for clarinet. Goodman told Copland biographer Vivian Perlis: I made no demands on what Copland should write. He had completely free rein, except that I should have a two-year exclusivity on playing the work.",
"psg_id": "8052015"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "easily by a mass audience. The ballet premiered in New York in 1939, with Copland recalling \"I cannot remember another work of mine that was so unanimously received.\" Along with the ballet \"Rodeo\", \"Billy the Kid\" became, in the words of musicologist Elizabeth Crist, \"the basis for Copland's reputation as a composer of Americana\" and defines \"an uncomplicated form of American nationalism.\" Copland's brand of nationalism in his ballets differed from that of European composers such as Béla Bartók, who tried to preserve the folk tones they used as close to the original as possible. Copland enhanced the tunes he",
"psg_id": "618144"
},
{
"title": "Symphony No. 3 (Copland)",
"text": "Symphony No. 3 (Copland) Symphony No. 3 was Aaron Copland's final symphony. It was written between 1944 and 1946, and its first performance took place on October 18, 1946, the Boston Symphony Orchestra performing under Serge Koussevitzky. If the early Dance Symphony is included in the count, it is actually Copland's fourth symphony. Written at the end of World War II, it is known as the essential American symphony that fuses his distinct \"Americana\" style of the ballets (\"Rodeo\", etc.) with the form of the symphony, which has generally been a European-dominated musical form. The \"Fanfare for the Common Man\",",
"psg_id": "4482700"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "Retreat\", which will become a major theme of the section. After a reprisal of the \"Rodeo\" theme, the theme proper begins in the strings, as the horns play a simple counterpoint. Instead of building to a climax, this section segues into \"Miss McLeod's Reel\", performed by various solo instruments. Copland briefly introduces the Irish theme \"Gilderoy\" in the clarinet and oboe. Building toward the end, Copland reintroduces \"Bonaparte's Retreat\" in canon, before returning to the \"Rodeo\" theme, which slows into the climactic kiss between the Cowgirl and the Roper. \"Bonaparte's Retreat\" is then resumed by the full orchestra, which ends",
"psg_id": "15356607"
},
{
"title": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "by Copland to increase pressure on Goodman, since he kept on putting off the first performance. A recording of the first radio performance by Goodman, with the NBC Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Fritz Reiner is available on CD on the Legend music label (see below). The concerto quickly established itself as a standard piece in the clarinet repertoire. Since the performance by Benny Goodman, other notable performances include those by: However, one particular recording of note is the one with Goodman and conducted by Copland himself, which Aaron Copland considered to be his best recording ever. Copland incorporated",
"psg_id": "8052020"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "Connotations (Copland) Connotations is a classical music composition for symphony orchestra written by American composer Aaron Copland. Commissioned by Leonard Bernstein in 1962 to commemorate the opening of Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts) in New York City, United States, this piece marks a departure from Copland's populist period, which began with \"El Salón México\" in 1936 and includes the works he is most famous for such as \"Appalachian Spring\", \"Lincoln Portrait\" and \"Rodeo\". It represents a return to a more dissonant style of composition in which Copland wrote from the end of",
"psg_id": "5646410"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "scenario he created and called \"Zenatello\". From 1913 to 1917 he took piano lessons with Leopold Wolfsohn, who taught him the standard classical fare. Copland's first public music performance was at a Wanamaker's recital. By the age of 15, after attending a concert by composer-pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Copland decided to become a composer. After attempts to further his music study from a correspondence course, Copland took formal lessons in harmony, theory, and composition from Rubin Goldmark, a noted teacher and composer of American music (who had given George Gershwin three lessons). Goldmark, with whom Copland studied between 1917 and",
"psg_id": "618090"
},
{
"title": "Black Rodeo",
"text": "Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \"Black Rodeo\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York City. The documentary shows that the people who attended the rodeo were awed to find African-American men and women actively involved in skills such asbronc riding, calf roping and brahma bull riding. Actor Woody Strode attended the rodeo and appears in the film as its narrator. He imparts a number of stories that show the participation of blacks in the development of the American Old West. The film captures the",
"psg_id": "13957447"
},
{
"title": "Black Rodeo",
"text": "appearance of Muhammad Ali, who rides a horse on 125th Street (the main street in Harlem), trades friendly verbal jibes with the cowboys, straps on chaps and rides a bull. The rodeo events in the film are set to the music of Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Little Richard, Lee Dorsey, Sammy Turner, Little Eva and other R&B acts. The film was released by Cinerama Releasing in the spring of 1972. Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \"Black Rodeo\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York",
"psg_id": "13957448"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "which the composer labeled his \"vernacular\" style. Works in this vein include the ballets \"Appalachian Spring\", \"Billy the Kid\" and \"Rodeo\", his \"Fanfare for the Common Man\" and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores. After some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark, Copland traveled to Paris, where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal, then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger. He studied three years with Boulanger, whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste. Determined upon",
"psg_id": "618083"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "and rodeo supplies. The Rodeo Royalty can be found walking around the grounds after the rodeo to sign autographs and take pictures as well. There is also a chance for children under 56 inches to go into the arena for the Nickel Scramble, which is a race to collect nickels. Children get to keep these nickels and some even have special prizes on them. On the Thursday performance, there is the Exceptional Rodeo. This is where children with special needs get the chance to compete in some of the rodeo activities, which are brought down to their level. There is",
"psg_id": "18342781"
},
{
"title": "Sweethearts of the Rodeo",
"text": "\"Buffalo Zone\" and 1992's \"Sisters\"), but neither produced any major hits, and Columbia dropped the duo in 1992. Sweethearts of the Rodeo continued to tour in the 1990s, later releasing two albums of bluegrass music on the Sugar Hill label: \"Rodeo Waltz\" in 1993 and \"Beautiful Lies\" in 1996. Janis and Kristine owned a clothing store in Franklin, Tennessee, called \"Gill & Arnold\" for a time in the late 1990s that has since closed. Janis and Vince Gill were divorced in 1997 and she married Roy Cummins in 2000. Sweethearts of the Rodeo Sweethearts of the Rodeo is an American",
"psg_id": "6704718"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "fanfare, vamping until R5-6, where the woodwinds introduce the Cowgirl's theme. This quiet theme continues until the \"Rodeo\" theme begins presenting a highly rhythmic motif that evokes the trotting of horses. The lone Cowgirl seeks the affections of the Head Wrangler, who is rather taken with the more feminine Rancher's Daughter. The cowboys enter to the railroad tune of \"Sis Joe\", envisioned by de Mille as an event \"like thunder,\" which Copland obliges with heavy drums and brass. As the cowgirl seeks the attention of her quarry, she mimics the surrounding cowboys, reflected in the heavy use of the tune",
"psg_id": "15356603"
},
{
"title": "Billy the Kid (ballet)",
"text": "\"The Open Prairie\" theme and pioneers once again travelling west. Cowboy and folk tunes were heavily used, for instance: It also includes the Mexican Jarabe dance, played in 5/8 by a solo trumpet, just before \"Goodbye Old Paint\". The eight movements of the ballet make up the first seven tracks of jazz guitarist Bill Frisell's album \"Have a Little Faith\". Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \"Rodeo\" and \"Appalachian Spring\", it is",
"psg_id": "6607075"
},
{
"title": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "August 29, 1950, Copland backed away from the commission. The composer explained that, after further thought, he believed that performing an arrangement of the first movement by itself \"takes away from the integrity of the Concerto as I originally conceived it, and I am basically unwilling to do that\". Copland was also concerned, he wrote, that a performance of the concerto's first movement by itself when the concerto still had not been performed—Goodman repeatedly postponed his premier of the piece—might be misperceived by the public as expressing doubt about the quality of the concerto's second movement. He proposed a different",
"psg_id": "8052018"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "run business was started and ran by the Bob Barnes, who has died in 2013. Each year Barnes’ stock participates in rodeos all over the United States. It is the longest running rodeo company in the United States. Bob Barnes was named Stock Contractor of the Year in 1984. He was inducted into the Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame in 1994. Every year Barnes stock performs at the highest level at professional rodeos across the country. Mutton Busting is the first step into the world of rodeo for the young rodeo enthusiasts. During this event, sheep are held still, mainly",
"psg_id": "18342774"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "and included it among the pieces the orchestra played on its European tour in February 1963. He would also commission a subsequent orchestral work from Copland, which became \"Inscape\", and conduct \"Connotations\" again in an all-Copland concert with the New York Philharmonic in 1989. Even with this advocacy and the chance to familiarize himself at length, \"Connotations\" apparently remained a work that Bernstein did not conduct well. Critic Peter Davis, in his review of the 1989 performance, writes that while \"Connotations\" remained \"admittedly not a very lovable piece,\" in Bernstein's hands it \"sounded more fulsome than portentous.\" Copland acknowledged that",
"psg_id": "5646443"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "On a more positive note, Davis wrote after a performance of the work under Ehrling by The Juilliard Orchestra that while \"Connotations\" remains a \"spiky\" composition, Copland \"adopts Schoenberg's serial procedures to produce a sequence of typically pungent and exhilarating Coplandesque sonorities.\" Desmond Shawe-Taylor called the work \"beautifully put together: full of energy, variety, thought\" after he had heard Boulez conduct the piece. Michael Andrews wrote of Copland's \"mammoth, anxious and angry vision\" and Barlett Naylor of \"a majesty hidden in this dark piece\" after both had heard de Waart's performance. Along with Bernstein's two performances, Copland recorded \"Connotations\" with",
"psg_id": "5646458"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "sense, Copland's Populist works such as \"Billy the Kid\", \"Rodeo\", \"Appalachian Spring\" are not far removed from Stravinsky's ballet \"The Rite of Spring\". Within that framework, however, Copland preserved the American atmosphere of these ballets through what musicologist Elliott Antokoletz calls \"the conservative handling of open diatonic sonorities,\" which fosters \"a pastoral quality\" in the music. This is especially true in the opening of \"Appalachian Spring\", where the harmonizations remain \"transparent and bare, suggested by the melodic disposition of the Shaker tune.\" Variations which contrast to this tune in rhythm, key, texture and dynamics, fit within Copland's compositional practice of",
"psg_id": "618146"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "reading a short biography with \"Hoe-Down\" playing in the background. The music was also famously used as the background theme for the \"Beef. It's What's For Dinner\" advertising campaign in the 1990s, and also in \"The Simpsons\" episode \"The Seemingly Never-Ending Story\". A close parody of it, titled \"In Training\" and adapted with the film's leitmotifs, was composed by James Horner for \".\" A further adaptation appears in Titanic during the below-decks Irish dancing scene. \"Hoe-Down\" accompanied one of the choreographed opening ceremony performances of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet",
"psg_id": "15356616"
},
{
"title": "This Ain't My First Rodeo",
"text": "This Ain't My First Rodeo \"This Ain't My First Rodeo\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vern Gosdin. It was released in July 1990 as the lead single from his album \"10 Years of Greatest Hits\". Gosdin wrote the song with Hank Cochran and Max D. Barnes. Gosdin credited the genesis of the song to a workman who used the idiomatic expression which became the song's title: The lyrics explain a tale of experience, including these repeated lines: The song was number 10 in \"Radio and Records\" during the week of November 26, 1990. It",
"psg_id": "15578512"
},
{
"title": "This Ain't My First Rodeo",
"text": "reached number 14 on Hot Country Songs. This Ain't My First Rodeo \"This Ain't My First Rodeo\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vern Gosdin. It was released in July 1990 as the lead single from his album \"10 Years of Greatest Hits\". Gosdin wrote the song with Hank Cochran and Max D. Barnes. Gosdin credited the genesis of the song to a workman who used the idiomatic expression which became the song's title: The lyrics explain a tale of experience, including these repeated lines: The song was number 10 in \"Radio and Records\" during",
"psg_id": "15578513"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "written in \"the grand manner,\" as Copland wrote about his Third Symphony. The other two works in this category were the \"Symphonic Ode\" and the Third Symphony. Copland also calls those works transitional pieces, anomalies which stand between different compositional styles of his oeuvre. All three works proved, as musicologist William W. Austin notes and Pollack states about the symphony, \"challenging to grasp.\" While music historian Judith Tick notes the work's \"massive chordal assaults on the ear,\" she adds that while Copland 's stated intent was to evoke the dissonance of modern life, he also acknowledges \"the darkness revealed in",
"psg_id": "5646427"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "also a band playing right after the rodeo in the concession area. On Sunday, there is the Cowboy church and breakfast, open to anyone, which is followed by the Spooner Rodeo Parade, right down Main Street. The Rodeo ties in many activities, which makes it one of the largest events to go on in Spooner, Wisconsin. Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo",
"psg_id": "18342782"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo is never the same. Fans from all over come to watch the professional cowboys and cowgirls compete in the 7 main events of rodeo, and even some up and coming little cowboys and cowgirls. The Barnes PRCA Rodeo Stock Company has brought the top stock to the Spooner Rodeo since it began in 1954. This family",
"psg_id": "18342773"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "state as they might have been. Nevertheless, beginning in 1950, Copland—who had been appalled at Stalin's persecution of Shostakovich and other artists—began resigning from participation in leftist groups. Copland, Pollack states, \"stayed particularly concerned about the role of the artist in society.\" He decried the lack of artistic freedom in the Soviet Union, and in his 1954 Norton lecture he asserted that loss of freedom under Soviet Communism deprived artists of \"the immemorial right of the artist to be wrong.\" He began to vote Democratic, first for Stevenson and then for Kennedy. Potentially more damaging for Copland was a sea-change",
"psg_id": "618117"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland House",
"text": "composer-in-residence program. Under the program, American composers who apply and are approved get three-to-eight-week stays in the house, with an allowance for food and the use of a car, while they work. They may share the house with spouses or partners, but not children or dogs. Allen Shearer was the first composer in residence in late 1998. Others have included Richard Danielpour, Derek Bermel, Robert Paterson, and Judith Lang Zaimont. Aaron Copland House The Aaron Copland House, also known as Rock Hill or Copland House, is the former home of composer Aaron Copland for the last 30 years of his",
"psg_id": "15178004"
},
{
"title": "Piano Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "Piano Concerto (Copland) The Concerto for Piano and Orchestra is a musical composition by the American composer Aaron Copland. The work was commissioned by the conductor Serge Koussevitzky who was then music director of the Boston Symphony Orchestra. It was first performed on January 28, 1927, by the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Koussevitzky with the composer himself as the soloist. The piece is dedicated to Copland's patron Alma Morgenthau Wertheim. Copland completed work on the piano concerto in November 1926. It is cast two connected movements: a short, slow first movement and a large, fast second movement. Like George",
"psg_id": "20491492"
},
{
"title": "Sweetheart of the Rodeo",
"text": "500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and \"Stylus Magazine\" named it their 175th favorite album of all time in the same year. \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" went on to inspire the name of the 1980s country duo, Sweethearts of the Rodeo, who paid tribute to the Byrds' album with the sleeve of their 1990 album, \"Buffalo Zone\". In 2018, Roger McGuinn and Chris Hillman reunited for a U.S. tour celebrating the 50th anniversary of \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\". The duo, who were backed on the tour by Marty Stuart and his Fabulous Superlatives, performed all of the songs from the",
"psg_id": "1604640"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland House",
"text": "Other previous winners include Pierre Jalbert, Richard Danielpour, Robert Xavier Rodriguez, Robert Paterson, Judith Lang Zaimont, Andrew Norman, Derek Bermel, Du Yun, Henry Threadgill, Alvin Singleton, Dave Douglas, Christopher Theofanidis, and Hannah Lash. In 1999, Copland House initiated its resident chamber ensemble Music From Copland House (MCH), the U.S.'s only wide-ranging American repertory ensemble, which made its debut at the Opening Night of Merkin Concert Hall’s 1999-2000 season. In September 2009, \"Copland House at Merestead\", the organization's regular mainstage concert series, was established at the historic Merestead Estate in Mount Kisco, New York. The Rock Hill property is on the",
"psg_id": "15177989"
},
{
"title": "Copland (operating system)",
"text": "such as object orientation, crash-proofing, and multitasking. The project was Apple's trigger to cofound several industry-wide standards and consortiums for next-generation operating system development, such as OpenDoc and Taligent. Copland reached Developer Release beta testing status before its cancellation in August 1996. Instead, Apple released a much more legacy-oriented Mac OS 8 in 1997, followed by Mac OS 9's architectural improvements in 1999, and then Mac OS X became Apple's next-generation operating system release in 2001. All of these releases bear some functional or cosmetic influence from Copland. As a product of dysfunctional corporate personnel and project management, Copland is",
"psg_id": "2824587"
},
{
"title": "Billy the Kid (ballet)",
"text": "Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \"Rodeo\" and \"Appalachian Spring\", it is one of Copland's most popular and widely performed pieces. It is most famous for its incorporation of several cowboy tunes and American folk songs and, although built around the figure and the exploits of Billy the Kid, is not so much a biography of a notorious but peculiarly appealing desperado as it is a perception of the \"Wild West\", in",
"psg_id": "6607072"
},
{
"title": "Air Mobility Rodeo",
"text": "performed at Rodeo, filming a two-hour program for his 84th birthday. President Ronald Reagan and Secretary of the Air Force Edward Aldridge Jr. were also on hand for Bob Hope’s performance. No Rodeo was held in 1988 because of budget constraints. However, the Rodeo returned in 1989. This Rodeo was the first to showcase the airdrop capability of the C-5 Galaxy. The C-5 set a world record by dropping four M551 Sheridan light tanks and 73 paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division totaling 190,346 pounds. No competition was held from 2001–2004 because of the increased operations tempo as a result",
"psg_id": "10588108"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo",
"text": "also using the title of cowboy. Fans view rodeo as a spectator sport with animals, having aspects of pageantry and theater unlike other professional sport. Non-westerners view the spectacle as a quaint but exciting remnant of the Wild West while animal activists view rodeo as a cruel Roman circus spectacle, or an Americanized bullfight. Anthropologists studying the sport of rodeo and the culture surrounding it have commented that it is \"a blend of both performance and contest\", and that rodeo is far more expressive in blending both these aspects than attempting to stand alone on one or the other. Rodeo's",
"psg_id": "848774"
},
{
"title": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "many jazz elements into his concerto. Mellers —Copland being representative of the American \"Other\"— links Copland’s affinity for jazz elements with the fact that “both Negro and Jew are dispossessed people who have become, in a cosmopolitan urban society, representative of man’s uprootedness.” Copland himself acknowledged that his signature \"bittersweet lyricism\" like in the first movement of the Clarinet Concerto may have been influenced by his feelings of loneliness and social alienation over his homosexuality. On the piece, Copland writes: \"The instrumentation being clarinet with strings, harp, and piano, I did not have a large battery of percussion to achieve",
"psg_id": "8052021"
},
{
"title": "Douglas Copland",
"text": "Douglas Copland Sir Douglas Berry Copland (24 February 189427 September 1971) was an Australian academic and economist. Douglas Copland was born in Otago, New Zealand in 1894, the thirteenth of sixteen children. He was raised there and lived there till he was 21. In 1920, at the age of 26, he became Professor of Economics at the University of Tasmania. In 1924 Copland was appointed the Professor of Commerce (a post he held until 1944) and first Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Commerce at the University of Melbourne. He was also the Truby Williams Professor of Economics at",
"psg_id": "13948614"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "hockey's Stanley Cup. CBS telecast the first such event. Though rodeo had traditionally suspected television to be a liability rather than an asset (keeping people home to watch rodeo rather than attending competitions), the industry heartily approved the telecast. Rodeo schools, which had their tentative beginnings in the 1930s, gained attention and growth through the 1950s, with the first regular school opening in 1962. In the 1970s, rodeo saw unprecedented growth. Contestants referred to as \"the new breed\" brought rodeo increasing media attention. These contestants were young, typically from an urban background, and chose rodeo for its athletic rewards. Photojournalists",
"psg_id": "10021552"
},
{
"title": "Sweetheart of the Rodeo",
"text": "Sweetheart of the Rodeo Sweetheart of the Rodeo is the sixth album by American rock band the Byrds and was released on August 30, 1968, on Columbia Records (\"see\" 1968 in music). Recorded with the addition of country rock pioneer Gram Parsons, it became the first major album widely recognised as country rock, and represented a stylistic move away from the psychedelic rock of the band's previous LP, \"The Notorious Byrd Brothers\". The Byrds had occasionally experimented with country music on their four previous albums, but \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" represented their fullest immersion into the genre thus far. The",
"psg_id": "1604600"
},
{
"title": "Prince of the Rodeo",
"text": "Prince of the Rodeo \"Prince Of The Rodeo\" is a single from the Norwegian band Turbonegro from their 1998 album Apocalypse Dudes released on 7\" Vinyl in 1996 by Hit Me! Records, which was run by longtime Turbo-photographer Morten Anderson. This was guitarist Euroboy's recording debut. The A-side features a rougher take of the title song with a special fanfares & horses intro, a different version can be found on the \"Apocalypse Dudes\" album. The remastered versions of \"Prince of the rodeo\" and \"Toodlepip, Fuck\" also occurred on the Turbo-vinyl collection volume 2 in 2005. First edition: 500 on black",
"psg_id": "8590240"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association was formed and grew extremely quickly. The first College National Finals Rodeo (CNFR) was held the same year in San Francisco, California. By 1951, the association had 41 participating colleges. By 1955, it was estimated that there were over 600 rodeos in the country. The Miss Rodeo America pageant was organized with the first pageant held by International Rodeo Management in Casper, Wyoming. The first National Finals Rodeo was held in Dallas, Texas in 1959. The top 15 money-earners from the RCA in each event were invited to compete and winnings from the NFR were added",
"psg_id": "10021542"
},
{
"title": "Ernie Copland",
"text": "Ernie Copland Ernie Copland (15 April 1927) was a Scottish footballer who played for Arbroath, Dundee and Raith Rovers. He was selected for Scotland's 1954 FIFA World Cup squad, but did not travel to the finals and never actually played for the national side. Although selected for the 22 man squad for the 1954 FIFA World Cup, the Scottish Football Association only budgeted to take 13 players (including only one goalkeeper) to the finals in Switzerland. Copland was one of the players who stayed at home on reserve, with the likes of Bobby Combe and Jimmy Binning. Ernie was chosen",
"psg_id": "11957162"
},
{
"title": "Copland (operating system)",
"text": "that point, applications would gain some additional modern features. As System 7.5 was code-named \"Mozart\", the next-generation operating system was intended to address the looming architectural issues, was dubbed \"Copland\" after composer Aaron Copland. The intended successor system, \"Gershwin\", would complete the process of moving the entire system to the new platform. The Copland project was first announced in March 1995. Parts of Copland, most notably an early version of the new file system, were demonstrated at Apple's Worldwide Developers Conference in May 1995. Apple also promised that a beta release of Copland would be ready by the end of",
"psg_id": "2824613"
},
{
"title": "Copland College",
"text": "Copland College Copland College opened in 1978 at Copland Drive, Melba, Australian Capital Territory, Australia It is a supporter of the IB Diploma Program. In 2007, it was decided by the ACT Government to merge Copland College and Melba High School. Since 2009 the joint school has been called Melba Copland Secondary School. Merging - In 2008 Copland College was merged with Melba High School. The public announcement was that the two campuses would be shared. It is now known as Melba Copland Secondary School. Copland College is known for its competitive nature against other schools within the ACT in",
"psg_id": "6665905"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "Orchestra in Washington D.C. and the Buffalo Philharmonic Orchestra. \"I spoke to the audiences,\" Copland writes, \"with humorous accounts of the work's adverse effect on droves of letter writers, who had heard the original performance, in person or on TV. Then I asked the brass section to illustrate the opening chords, and the strings how they sounded. Before they knew it, the audience was sympathetic. My purpose was not to sell the work but to demonstrate it.\" A decade after Bernstein premiered the work, Pierre Boulez, who had succeeded Bernstein as music director of the New York Philharmonic in 1971,",
"psg_id": "5646446"
},
{
"title": "Copland College",
"text": "terms of the UAI the year 12 students receive. In 2006, Copland College was ranked the third highest ranking college in the ACT. This has had an effect on the students that have enrolled and are currently studying at the school. Copland College Copland College opened in 1978 at Copland Drive, Melba, Australian Capital Territory, Australia It is a supporter of the IB Diploma Program. In 2007, it was decided by the ACT Government to merge Copland College and Melba High School. Since 2009 the joint school has been called Melba Copland Secondary School. Merging - In 2008 Copland College",
"psg_id": "6665906"
},
{
"title": "Piano Variations (Copland)",
"text": "following year under conductor Robert Whitney. Copland regarded the \"lean, percussive and rather harmonically severe\" quality of the piano as essential to the Piano Variations in 1930, but after 27 years, reinvented the work to take advantage of a full orchestral palette. The Orchestral Variations offer a new perspective on the work, focusing instead on the contrasts of its multifarious moods and colors. The Orchestral Variations are scored for the following instrumentation. Copland regarded pianist Walter Gieseking very highly for his refined tone and subtle coloration, especially in the performance of Debussy, and insisted that no one else could give",
"psg_id": "8917259"
},
{
"title": "Copland (operating system)",
"text": "product, or depend upon a preexisting installation. Following Hancock's plan, development of System 7.5 continued, with a number of technologies originally slated for Copland being incorporated into the base OS. Apple embarked on a buying campaign, acquiring the rights to various third-party system enhancements and integrating them into the OS. The Extensions Manager, hierarchical Apple menu, collapsing windows, the menu bar clock, and sticky notes—all were developed outside of Apple. Stability and performance were improved by Mac OS 7.6, which dropped the \"System\" moniker in favor of \"Mac OS\". Eventually, many features developed for Copland, including the new multithreaded Finder",
"psg_id": "2824624"
},
{
"title": "Piano Variations (Copland)",
"text": "Piano Variations (Copland) The Piano Variations of American composer Aaron Copland were written for piano solo from January to October 1930. They were dedicated to American writer and literary critic Gerald Sykes (c. 1904–1984) , and were originally published in 1932 by Cos Cob Press, which merged with Arrow Music Press in 1938 and was taken over by Boosey & Hawkes in 1956. The approximate performance time is 11 minutes. The Piano Variations were a product of Copland's second-style period, also called the abstract period, which comprised only instrumental (non-vocal) compositions. During this time, the composer moved away from the",
"psg_id": "8917256"
},
{
"title": "Piano Variations (Copland)",
"text": "directly. Another prominent characteristic is the piece's rhythmic irregularity. The meters change constantly within an essentially 4/4 framework. Piano Variations (Copland) The Piano Variations of American composer Aaron Copland were written for piano solo from January to October 1930. They were dedicated to American writer and literary critic Gerald Sykes (c. 1904–1984) , and were originally published in 1932 by Cos Cob Press, which merged with Arrow Music Press in 1938 and was taken over by Boosey & Hawkes in 1956. The approximate performance time is 11 minutes. The Piano Variations were a product of Copland's second-style period, also called",
"psg_id": "8917265"
},
{
"title": "Blue Rodeo",
"text": "1, 2012. They took the stage with long-time friend and collaborator Sarah McLachlan and performed their 1992 hit single, \"Lost Together\". As the performance ended, the audience rose for a spirited standing ovation recognizing Blue Rodeo as \"one of Canada's true musical treasures\". On January 1, 2017, Blue Rodeo took part in CBC's The Strombo Show's Hip 30, covering \"Bobcaygeon\". Blue Rodeo Blue Rodeo is a Canadian country rock band formed in 1984 in Toronto, Ontario. They have released 15 full-length studio albums, four live recordings, one greatest hits album, and two video/DVDs, along with multiple solo albums, side projects,",
"psg_id": "3477619"
},
{
"title": "Sweetheart of the Rodeo",
"text": "band's trademark Rickenbacker guitar jangle and psychedelic experimentation. Nonetheless, \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" is widely considered to be the Byrds' last truly influential album. Although it was not the first country rock album, \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" was the first album widely labeled as country rock to be released by an internationally successful rock act, pre-dating the release of Bob Dylan's \"Nashville Skyline\" by over six months. The first bona fide country rock album is often cited as being \"Safe at Home\" by Parsons' previous group, The International Submarine Band. However, the genre's antecedents can be traced back to the",
"psg_id": "1604638"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "and reporters viewed them as a source of interesting stories about behind-the-scenes routines and lifestyles. The \"new breed\" was a far cry from traditional rodeo men who sought all-night binges rather than the stock portfolios, airline credit cards, recording and television contracts, and retirement packages desired by the new breed. By 1985, one third of PRCA members admitted to a college education and one half admitted to never having worked on a cattle ranch. History of rodeo History of Rodeo tracks the lineage of modern Western rodeo. Rodeo stresses its western folk hero image and its being a genuinely American",
"psg_id": "10021553"
},
{
"title": "William Robertson Copland",
"text": "For some time they practiced jointly as W R Copland & Sons. William Robertson Copland Sir William Robertson Copland MICE LLD (1838–1907) was a 19th-century British civil engineer, specialising in drainage and water supply. He was born in Stirling in central Scotland in 1838, the son of John Copland a merchant tailor who was later Chairman of Glasgow Technical College. He was educated at Stirling High School then studied Engineering at Glasgow University. He was then apprenticed to David Smith from 1850 to 1856. He then joined the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company before becoming Burgh engineer to Paisley. In",
"psg_id": "20627868"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "seemed a repudiation of the audience he had won through years of hard effort. The overall impression, as critic Alex Ross writes in his book \"The Rest is Noise,\" was that \"Copland was no longer in an ingratiating mood; some sudden rage welled up in him, some urge to confront the gala Lincoln Center audience with an old whiff of revolutionary mystique.\" Copland himself remembers, \"The acidulous harmonies of my score ... upset a good many people, especially those who were expecting another \"Appalachian Spring\".\" Jacqueline Kennedy was left unable to say anything other than \"Oh, Mr. Copland\" when taken",
"psg_id": "5646431"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "Goodman and Glenn Miller became popular in the 1930s, Copland took a renewed interest in the genre. Inspired by the example of Les Six in France, Copland sought out contemporaries such as Roger Sessions, Roy Harris, Virgil Thomson, and Walter Piston, and quickly established himself as a spokesman for composers of his generation. He also helped found the Copland-Sessions Concerts to showcase these composers' chamber works to new audiences. Copland's relationship with these men, who became known as \"commando unit\" was one of both support and rivalry, and he played a key role in keeping them together until after World",
"psg_id": "618102"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "In addition to regularly attending the Metropolitan Opera and the New York Symphony, where he heard the standard classical repertory, Copland continued his musical development through an expanding circle of musical friends. After graduating from high school, Copland played in dance bands. Continuing his musical education, he received further piano lessons from Victor Wittgenstein, who found his student to be \"quiet, shy, well-mannered, and gracious in accepting criticism.\" Copland's fascination with the Russian Revolution and its promise for freeing the lower classes drew a rebuke from his father and uncles. In spite of that, in his early adult life Copland",
"psg_id": "618092"
},
{
"title": "Douglas Copland",
"text": "2011, the Faculty of Business and Economics offered fifteen scholarships to high-achieving students commencing the Bachelor of Commerce. These students are called the Copland Scholars in recognition of Sir Douglas Copland. Douglas Copland Sir Douglas Berry Copland (24 February 189427 September 1971) was an Australian academic and economist. Douglas Copland was born in Otago, New Zealand in 1894, the thirteenth of sixteen children. He was raised there and lived there till he was 21. In 1920, at the age of 26, he became Professor of Economics at the University of Tasmania. In 1924 Copland was appointed the Professor of Commerce",
"psg_id": "13948618"
},
{
"title": "Douglas Copland",
"text": "continues. Copland's legacy is acknowledged through the Copland leadership program run by CEDA in each Australian state and through the CEDA annual Copland lecture. Copland died in 1971. Douglas Copland was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) in 1933. He was knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1950. The Copland Lecture Theatre in the Economics and Commerce Building at the University of Melbourne is named after Sir Douglas Copland. It is one of the largest lecture theatres in the University, seating approximately 450 people. In",
"psg_id": "13948617"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "Cody (Buffalo Bill) created the first major rodeo and the first Wild West show in North Platte, Nebraska in 1882. Following this successful endeavor, Cody organized his touring Wild West show, leaving other entrepreneurs to create what became professional rodeo. Rodeos and Wild West shows enjoyed a parallel existence, employing many of the same stars, while capitalizing on the continuing allure of the mythic West. Women joined the Wild West and contest rodeo circuits in the 1890s and their participation grew as the activities spread geographically. Animal welfare groups began targeting rodeo from the earliest times, and have continued their",
"psg_id": "10021501"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "and Fred Astaire to the ballets of George Balanchine and Martha Graham, to both democratize and Americanize dance as an art form. In 1939, Copland completed his first two Hollywood film scores, for \"Of Mice and Men\" and \"Our Town\", and composed the radio score \"John Henry\", based on the folk ballad. While these works and others like them that would follow were accepted by the listening public at large, detractors accused Copland of pandering to the masses. Music critic Paul Rosenfeld, for one, warned in 1939 that Copland was \"standing in the fork in the highroad, the two branches",
"psg_id": "618110"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "attracted Stella Adler, Elia Kazan and Lee Strasberg. Philosophically an outgrowth of Stieglitz and his ideals, the Group focused on socially-relevant plays by the American authors. Through it and later his work in film, Copland met several major American playwrights, including Thornton Wilder, William Inge, Arthur Miller, and Edward Albee, and considered projects with all of them. Around 1935 Copland began to compose musical pieces for young audiences, in accordance with the first goal of American Gebrauchsmusik. These works included piano pieces (\"The Young Pioneers\") and an opera (\"The Second Hurricane\"). During the Depression years, Copland traveled extensively to Europe,",
"psg_id": "618107"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "Africa, and Mexico. He formed an important friendship with Mexican composer Carlos Chávez and would return often to Mexico for working vacations conducting engagements. During his initial visit to Mexico, Copland began composing the first of his signature works, \"El Salón México\", which he completed in 1936. In it and in \"The Second Hurricane\" Copland began \"experimenting,\" as he phrased it, with a simpler, more accessible style. This and other incidental commissions fulfilled the second goal of American Gebrauchsmusik, creating music of wide appeal. Concurrent with \"The Second Hurricane\", Copland composed (for radio broadcast) \"Prairie Journal\" on a commission from",
"psg_id": "618108"
},
{
"title": "Marc Copland",
"text": "tip that the Japanese label Jazz City was searching for ten American pianists, Copland sent an audition tape to guitarist/producer Yoshiake Masuo. After listening, the producer called Copland to decline, saying that the label had already reached agreement with ten pianists. A few weeks later Masuo called back to say one pianist had dropped out, and offered Copland his first record deal. \"My Foolish Heart\", Copland's debut disc as leader, was recorded at \"The Studio\" in Soho. His trio and quartet gigs and were more frequent, and as word of his trio spread, he began to play regularly at several",
"psg_id": "7056625"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "composers with whom he could relate, he had been \"generous and enthusiastic\" in his support of Copland. His frequent programming of Copland's works during his tenure with the New York Philharmonic might, Adams suggests, have been partly in reaction against works of the twelve-tone school. Now he was confronted with what American composer John Adams terms a \"stridently dissonant, piss-n-vinegar\" work \"written in an idiom so alien to his own sensibilities,\" the first performance of which he would not only conduct but would also be televised to a national audience. Pollack claims Bernstein might have found \"Connotations \" \"boring\" and",
"psg_id": "5646441"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo",
"text": "(NFR) in Las Vegas, Nevada, now held in December. Rodeo has provoked opposition from animal rights and animal welfare advocates, who argue that various competitions constitute animal cruelty. The American rodeo industry has made progress in improving the welfare of rodeo animals, with specific requirements for veterinary care and other regulations that protect rodeo animals. However, rodeo is opposed by a number of animal welfare organizations in the United States and Canada. Some local and state governments in North America have banned or restricted rodeos, certain rodeo events, or types of equipment. Internationally, rodeo is banned in the United Kingdom",
"psg_id": "848717"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo clown",
"text": "sponsored the \"Bullfighter of the Year\" contest at the National Finals Rodeo, The California Cowboys Professional Rodeo Association designates a \"Bullfighter of the Year\" annually. Other titles include the \"American Cowboys Association Freestyle Bullfighting Champion\" and the \"Ultimate Challenge Freestyle Bullfighting Champion\". Schools exist to provide training for potential rodeo clowns. Rodeo clown A rodeo clown, bullfighter (US/Canada) or rodeo protection athlete, is a rodeo performer who works in bull riding competitions. Originally, the rodeo clown was a single job combining \"bullfighting\"—the protection of riders thrown from the bull, as well as being an individual who provided comic relief. Today",
"psg_id": "1503749"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo clown",
"text": "Rodeo clown A rodeo clown, bullfighter (US/Canada) or rodeo protection athlete, is a rodeo performer who works in bull riding competitions. Originally, the rodeo clown was a single job combining \"bullfighting\"—the protection of riders thrown from the bull, as well as being an individual who provided comic relief. Today in the USA, the job is split into two separate ones, hiring bullfighters who protect the riders from the bull, and entertainers, a barrelman and a clown, who provides comic humor. However, in other parts of the world and at some small rodeos, the jobs of rodeo rider protection and comic",
"psg_id": "1503739"
},
{
"title": "Piano Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "New York Philharmonic's Young People's Concerts and later produced the first recording of the concerto with the New York Philharmonic and Copland again performing the piano part. The piece has since grown more popular and has been recorded many times. In 2008, the music critic Peter Dickinson of \"Gramophone\" reflected, \"The first of its two movements is a spacious outpouring of fanfares and blues and the second is a crazy kind of supercharged ragtime that really upset the Boston audience and critics. It shows how Copland exploited the jazz age to brilliant effect.\" Piano Concerto (Copland) The Concerto for Piano",
"psg_id": "20491494"
},
{
"title": "Copland Pass",
"text": "Copland Pass The Copland Pass (el. ) is an alpine pass in the Southern Alps of New Zealand. Known as Noti Hinetamatea by the indigenous Ngāi Tahu, the pass follows the route of the Makaawhio ancestor Hinetamatea and her sons Tātāwhākā and Marupeka. The Copland Pass is on a traditional tramping route connecting Mount Cook Village with the West Coast of New Zealand, south of Fox Glacier. The Copland Pass is located on the Main Divide and is thus located on the boundary of Aoraki/Mount Cook and Westland Tai Poutini National Parks. The Copland River on the western side of",
"psg_id": "18849543"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "of his precision and clarity before an orchestra. Observers noted that he had \"none of the typical conductorial vanities\". Copland's unpretentious charm was appreciated by professional musicians but some criticized his \"unsteady\" beat and \"unexciting\" interpretations. Koussevitzky advised him to \"stay home and compose.\" However, while Bernstein (from whom Copland asked at times for conducting advice) occasionally joked that Copland could conduct his works \"a little better,\" he also noted that Copland improved over time and considered him a more natural conductor than Stravinsky or Hindemith. Eventually, Copland recorded nearly all his orchestral works with himself conducting. Copland wrote a",
"psg_id": "618160"
},
{
"title": "Copland (crater)",
"text": "suggested that the name Copland be proposed instead for a large crater nearby. He agreed, and the International Astronomical Union (IAU) approved the name Copland on March 3, 2010. Copland (crater) Copland is a crater on Mercury. Copland crater is flooded with volcanic smooth plains material that could be related to the activity that formed the nearby bright vent. Amateur astronomer Ronald Dantowitz and his colleagues Scott Teare and Marek Kozubal used the Mt. Wilson 60-inch telescope in 1998 to observe a very bright feature on this portion of Mercury's surface, and they assumed that the bright feature was an",
"psg_id": "14517931"
},
{
"title": "Roxi Copland",
"text": "\"Black Out the Blue\" EP (2010) \"Streetwise\" EP (2008) \"Love Me Out Loud\" (2017), Directed by Tony Bonacci Copland grew up in Aberdeen, Washington, where she began studying music at the age of four. Upon graduation from Aberdeen High School in 2001, she moved to Grinnell, Iowa to attend Grinnell College. Copland began her professional career in Des Moines, Iowa, where she was based from 2005-2011. After spending a year in Vancouver, Canada, Copland moved to Milwaukee in 2012 and Austin in 2018. Roxi Copland Roxi Copland is an American singer-songwriter and pianist based in Austin. She has toured extensively",
"psg_id": "19044397"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo",
"text": "rodeo contest for bronc riders and steer ropers called the Raymond Stampede. Knight also coined the rodeo term \"stampede\" and built rodeo's first known shotgun style bucking chute. In 1903, Knight built Canada's first rodeo arena and grandstand and became the first rodeo producer and rodeo stock contractor. In 1912, Guy Weadick and several investors put up $100,000 to create what today is the Calgary Stampede. The Stampede also incorporated mythical and historical elements, including Native Indians in full regalia, chuckwagon races, the Mounted Police, and marching bands. From its beginning, the event has been held the second week in",
"psg_id": "848736"
},
{
"title": "Walter Copland Perry",
"text": "I. Walter Copland Perry Walter Copland Perry (1814 – December 1911) was a noted British author and barrister-at-law. Perry was the only son of Rev. Isaac Perry, of Liverpool. During the 1830s, he was a doctoral student of the University of Göttingen. Later a student of the Middle Temple, who matriculated 12 January 1847, Perry was called to the bar 31 January 1851. He made a living as a private tutor in Bonn. Perry published \"German University Education\" in 1845. As historian and classicist, he published \"The Franks, From Their First Appearance in History to the Death of King Pepin\"",
"psg_id": "15336081"
},
{
"title": "Walter Copland Perry",
"text": "Walter Copland Perry Walter Copland Perry (1814 – December 1911) was a noted British author and barrister-at-law. Perry was the only son of Rev. Isaac Perry, of Liverpool. During the 1830s, he was a doctoral student of the University of Göttingen. Later a student of the Middle Temple, who matriculated 12 January 1847, Perry was called to the bar 31 January 1851. He made a living as a private tutor in Bonn. Perry published \"German University Education\" in 1845. As historian and classicist, he published \"The Franks, From Their First Appearance in History to the Death of King Pepin\" (1857),",
"psg_id": "15336079"
},
{
"title": "Blue Rodeo",
"text": "Vancouver. Cuddy and Keelor performed at the annual Folk on the Rocks music festival in Yellowknife, NT from July 16 to 18, 2010. On October 19, 2010, Blue Rodeo played the music viral show BalconyTV for a rare acoustic performance on a small Balcony overlooking Dame Street, Dublin. On July 1, 2011, Blue Rodeo performed at Trafalgar Square as part of the Canada Day in London celebrations. Blue Rodeo performed at their induction to the Canadian Music Hall of Fame during the Juno Awards of 2012 at Scotiabank Place in the community of Kanata in Ottawa, Ontario on Sunday April",
"psg_id": "3477618"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland School of Music",
"text": "Aaron Copland School of Music The Aaron Copland School of Music is one of the oldest and most distinguished departments at Queens College, founded when the College opened in 1937. The department's curriculum was originally established by Edwin Stringham, and a later emphasis on the analytical system of Heinrich Schenker was initiated by Saul Novack. Some of the students who enrolled in early classes of the college later became faculty members of the department. This included Sol Berkowitz, Gabriel Fontrier, Leo Kraft. Other distinguished faculty from the early years included John Castellini, who founded the Choral Society; Boris Schwarz, a",
"psg_id": "13363116"
},
{
"title": "The North Star Gay Rodeo",
"text": "The North Star Gay Rodeo The North Star Gay Rodeo is a gay rodeo association in the Midwestern United States (principally Minnesota and Wisconsin) founded to \"spread the culture of rodeo\", and raise funds for local charitable organizations. It seeks to provide access to the community of gay rodeo organizations in the United States to people of \"all gender and sexual identities\". and is a nonprofit organization and member of the International Gay Rodeo Association (IGRA). Founded in 1989, NSGRA had more than 100 members within the first two years, and held its inaugural rodeo during the 1993 Pride week.",
"psg_id": "20232930"
},
{
"title": "The North Star Gay Rodeo",
"text": "for July 27–29, 2018. The North Star Gay Rodeo The North Star Gay Rodeo is a gay rodeo association in the Midwestern United States (principally Minnesota and Wisconsin) founded to \"spread the culture of rodeo\", and raise funds for local charitable organizations. It seeks to provide access to the community of gay rodeo organizations in the United States to people of \"all gender and sexual identities\". and is a nonprofit organization and member of the International Gay Rodeo Association (IGRA). Founded in 1989, NSGRA had more than 100 members within the first two years, and held its inaugural rodeo during",
"psg_id": "20232932"
},
{
"title": "Sweetheart of the Rodeo",
"text": "lasted a mere five months. \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" was released on August 30, 1968, in the United States (catalogue item CS 9670) and September 27, 1968, in the UK (catalogue item 63353). It was the first Byrds LP to be issued exclusively in stereo in the United States, although the album was released in both mono and stereo variations in the United Kingdom. The album cover artwork was adapted by Geller and Butler Advertising from elements of the 1932 poster \"The American Cowboy Rodeo\" by Uruguyan artist Jo Mora. Columbia Records launched an accompanying print advertising campaign proclaiming, \"This",
"psg_id": "1604628"
},
{
"title": "Animal treatment in rodeo",
"text": "events that reads: The ASPCA is opposed to all rodeo events that involve cruel, painful, stressful and potentially harmful treatment of livestock, not only in performance but also in handling, transport and prodding to perform. The ASPCA recognizes the cruel treatment inflicted on many additional animals in the process of practicing to compete in rodeo events. Further, the ASPCA is opposed to children's rodeo events such as goat tying, calf riding and sheep riding (\"mutton busting\"), which do not promote humane care and respect for animals. The American Humane Association (AHA) used to campaign against rodeo through anti-rodeo literature but",
"psg_id": "13148525"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo",
"text": "first side-delivery bucking chute for the ranch rodeos they were producing. In 1919, Earl and John made rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute at the Bascom Ranch in Lethbridge, Alberta. This Bascom-style bucking chute is now rodeo's standard design. Earl Bascom also continued his innovative contributions to the sport of rodeo by designing and making rodeo's first hornless bronc saddle in 1922, rodeo's first one-hand bareback rigging in 1924, and the first high-cut rodeo chaps in 1928. Earl and his brother Weldon also produced rodeo's first night rodeo held outdoors under electric lights in 1935. The Canadian Pro Rodeo Hall",
"psg_id": "848738"
},
{
"title": "Wild Horse Rodeo",
"text": "and Universal Pictures. Wild Horse Rodeo Wild Horse Rodeo is a 1937 American Western film directed by George Sherman and starring Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, and Max Terhune. Written by Oliver Drake and Betty Burbridge, based on a story by Drake and Gilbert Wright, the film is about a champion rodeo rider who returns to his home town in search of a legendary wild horse called Cyclone. The film is part of the \"Three Mesquiteers\" series of B-movies produced by Republic Pictures. \"Wild Horse Rodeo\" was the first film directed by George Sherman, who later directed numerous Western films for",
"psg_id": "13606814"
},
{
"title": "Wild Horse Rodeo",
"text": "Wild Horse Rodeo Wild Horse Rodeo is a 1937 American Western film directed by George Sherman and starring Robert Livingston, Ray Corrigan, and Max Terhune. Written by Oliver Drake and Betty Burbridge, based on a story by Drake and Gilbert Wright, the film is about a champion rodeo rider who returns to his home town in search of a legendary wild horse called Cyclone. The film is part of the \"Three Mesquiteers\" series of B-movies produced by Republic Pictures. \"Wild Horse Rodeo\" was the first film directed by George Sherman, who later directed numerous Western films for Republic, Columbia Pictures,",
"psg_id": "13606813"
},
{
"title": "No Rodeo",
"text": "Rodeo” candidates were prior to the election well aware of the limitations of their campaign. They were not naïve and never believed themselves to be serious election contenders. The aim of the candidates was to raise awareness of rodeo cruelty and other justice issues and to network with people who held similar concerns. This aim was achieved and the campaign to ban bucking, roping and steer wrestling rodeo events has continued and grown stronger since March 2006. It is also significant to note that 29,042 first preference lower house votes went to minor and major party candidates who during the",
"psg_id": "8481858"
},
{
"title": "Fitzgerald Copland-Crawford",
"text": "and 1891 censuses, he is recorded in Chelsea, described as Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. He died on 7 October 1894 in London, a few months after his brother. Fitzgerald Copland-Crawford Fitzgerald Hamilton Paul Copland-Crawford (5 May 1854 – 7 October 1894) was a Scottish amateur footballer who made two appearances in the representative matches in 1871 and 1872. Crawford was born in Edinburgh, the son of Lieutenant-Colonel Robert Fitzgerald Crawford of the Royal Regiment of Artillery, and his wife, Jane Dalrymple Anderson. The family name was changed to \"Copland-Crawford\" in September 1872. Crawford was a member of the",
"psg_id": "15858319"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "changes of direction. As the ride ends, they are given a score. 80’s are good and 90’s are exceptional for a bronc ride. Calf Roping, also known as tie-down roping, is when a mounted rider does his best at taking down a running calf. This timed event is for the rider to catch the calf by throwing a lariat around the calf’s’ neck, dismount from the horse, run to the calf, and restrain it by tying three legs together. Calf Wrestling is a team event at the rodeo. Once the calf is released from the chutes, one rider will guide",
"psg_id": "18342777"
},
{
"title": "William Robertson Copland",
"text": "William Robertson Copland Sir William Robertson Copland MICE LLD (1838–1907) was a 19th-century British civil engineer, specialising in drainage and water supply. He was born in Stirling in central Scotland in 1838, the son of John Copland a merchant tailor who was later Chairman of Glasgow Technical College. He was educated at Stirling High School then studied Engineering at Glasgow University. He was then apprenticed to David Smith from 1850 to 1856. He then joined the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway Company before becoming Burgh engineer to Paisley. In later life he was heavily involved in the Glasgow Technical College and",
"psg_id": "20627866"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style",
"text": "Rodeo Drive Walk of Style The Rodeo Drive Walk of Style, located on Rodeo Drive in Beverly Hills, California, commemorates people who have made important contributions to fashion, design, and costume. The \"Walk of Style\" was founded in 2003 by the City of Beverly Hills and the Rodeo Drive Committee. Fred Hayman, who is known as \"the father of Rodeo Drive,\" was involved in conceptualizing and creating the idea of the Walk of Style. He himself was granted the honor in 2011. The Walk features a statue called \"Torso\" by sculptor Robert Graham, which was unveiled at its founding ceremony,",
"psg_id": "17862478"
},
{
"title": "Miss Rodeo America",
"text": "She reigns for one year and is expected to travel to over 120 rodeos across the United States during her reign. She also makes public appearances at schools and other venues to promote rodeo. Miss Rodeo America was inaugurated in 1956 and the first winner was Marilyn Scott Freimark, who later became a rancher. Keri Sheffield of Florida is the 2018 Miss Rodeo America. She is the first woman from her state to win the title. The Miss Rodeo America 2019 Pageant will be held December 2 - December 9, 2018 at the Tropicana Las Vegas. This is a list",
"psg_id": "20526174"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland School of Music",
"text": "Salzer, a refugee from Austria who was a student of the theorist Heinrich Schenker and became the leading exponent of his ideas to generations of American students and scholars; and the distinguished composers Hugo Weisgall and George Perle. http://qcpages.qc.cuny.edu/music/index.php?L=1&M=2 Aaron Copland School of Music The Aaron Copland School of Music is one of the oldest and most distinguished departments at Queens College, founded when the College opened in 1937. The department's curriculum was originally established by Edwin Stringham, and a later emphasis on the analytical system of Heinrich Schenker was initiated by Saul Novack. Some of the students who enrolled",
"psg_id": "13363118"
},
{
"title": "Women in rodeo",
"text": "offered became economically impractical. Other women's organizations include the Professional Women's Rodeo Association (PWRA) which is opened to female rough stock riders only. A random sample of 1992 WPRA members found more than half had a relative in rodeo, and that most had husbands who were rodeo men. Almost all were in high school or high school graduates with one third having attained college educations. Women in rodeo Historically, women have long participated in the rodeo. Annie Oakley created the image of the cowgirl in the late 19th century, and, in 1908, a 10-year-old girl was dubbed the first cowgirl",
"psg_id": "13177485"
},
{
"title": "Copland (crater)",
"text": "3 revealed that the small bright feature, seen at the left edge of this image, is not an impact crater but more closely resembles a volcanic vent. No convention for naming volcanic vents on Mercury has yet been adopted, because none were identified prior to \"MESSENGER\"s first Mercury flyby. However, even if a convention for naming volcanic features on Mercury is adopted in the future, the naming rules will likely differ from those for impact craters, and thus \"Copland\" would probably not be an acceptable name for the bright volcanic feature. A \"MESSENGER\" team member corresponded with Mr. Dantowitz and",
"psg_id": "14517930"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "hundreds of miles away. This round-up is a great time for the cowhand, a Donny-brook fair it is indeed. They contest with each other for the best roping and throwing, and there are horse races and whiskey and wines. At night in clear moonlight, there is dancing on the streets.\" Following the American Civil War, organized rodeo emerged with the first held in Cheyenne, Wyoming in 1872. Prescott, Arizona claims the distinction of holding the first professional rodeo when it charged admission and awarded trophies in 1888. Between 1890 and 1910, rodeo became a public entertainment made popular through Wild",
"psg_id": "10021548"
}
] | [
"agnes demille",
"ballets by agnes de mille",
"agnes de mille",
"agnes demille",
"agnes george de mille",
"agnes de mille",
"agnes demille",
"agnes de mille"
] |
who wrote riders of the purple sage? | [
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Riders of the Purple Sage Riders of the Purple Sage is a Western novel by Zane Grey, first published by Harper & Brothers in 1912. Considered by many critics to have played a significant role in shaping the formula of the popular Western genre, the novel has been called \"the most popular western novel of all time.\" \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" tells the story of Jane Withersteen and her battle to overcome persecution by members of her polygamous Mormon fundamentalist church. A leader of the church, Elder Tull, wants to marry her. Withersteen gets help from a number of",
"psg_id": "3767814"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (1925 film)",
"text": "uncredited bit role by future film star Gary Cooper as a rider. Warner Oland, who plays the corrupt lawyer Lew Walters, would later star in the Charlie Chan films. \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" received generally poor reviews upon its theatrical release. The reviewer for \"The New York Times\" criticized the film's lack of entertainment quality, while acknowledging Tom Mix's appeal and attraction to his fans. The reviewer for \"Variety\" wrote: In his review for \"Allmovie\", Hans J. Wollstein gave the film a positive review, praising Tom Mix for his performance. Riders of the Purple Sage (1925 film) Riders of",
"psg_id": "16882854"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (band)",
"text": "instruments to serve in the military, they did so during the peak of their successful live performances and radio appearances. Page's \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" are credited with establishing great momentum in what was becoming a very popular genre of music in the late 1930s and 1940s. Riders of the Purple Sage (band) Riders of the Purple Sage was a name used by three (3) separate western bands in the United States. The original Riders of the Purple Sage was formed in 1936 by singer and guitarist Buck Page. The group spent three years as the staff band for",
"psg_id": "8660498"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Mormon women who will not tolerate polygamy and Mormon men who will not seek it. \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" has been adapted to film five times. The first film version of the novel was the silent film \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" (1918) starring William Farnum as Lassiter and Mary Mersch as Jane. A second silent film version was released in 1925, starring Tom Mix as Lassiter and Mabel Ballin as Jane. The first sound version appeared in 1931, starring George O'Brien as Lassiter and Marguerite Churchill as Jane. In 1941, a fourth film version was released, starring George",
"psg_id": "3767864"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage (album)",
"text": "\"Last Lonely Eagle\". All songs written by John Dawson. These songs were recorded live at the Fillmore West and included in the 2003 CD reissue: New Riders of the Purple Sage (album) New Riders of the Purple Sage is the self-titled debut album by the American country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released by Columbia Records in 1971, and reached number 39 on the \"Billboard\" charts. \"New Riders of the Purple Sage\" is the only studio album by the New Riders to feature co-founder Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead on pedal steel guitar.",
"psg_id": "9172179"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage (album)",
"text": "New Riders of the Purple Sage (album) New Riders of the Purple Sage is the self-titled debut album by the American country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released by Columbia Records in 1971, and reached number 39 on the \"Billboard\" charts. \"New Riders of the Purple Sage\" is the only studio album by the New Riders to feature co-founder Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead on pedal steel guitar. He is also featured on the live album \"Vintage NRPS\". Mickey Hart and Commander Cody play drums and piano, respectively, on two tracks—\"Dirty Business\" and",
"psg_id": "9172178"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (band)",
"text": "was another \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" for approximately two years on the West Coast in the L.A. area formed by Jack Dalton. Buck Page's Riders of the Purple Sage first brought the name and Western three part harmony to the Country on Coast to Coast radio prior to having to end their successful careers during World War II as members fulfilled their military commitments. Later in California, however, a radio DJ and singer from Texas, Foy Willing organized a second band known as Riders of the Purple Sage while Buck Page and his \"Riders\" were in the military. Willing's",
"psg_id": "8660494"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "stories. In some of his later Westerns, Grey treated Mormon men in a more neutral way, but in \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" they are simply villains who use their religion as an excuse for greed and lust. The character of Lassiter is clearly recognizable as the archetype of the Western gunman hero; dressed in black, the fastest gun around, a loner, laconic and soft-spoken, combining a deep respect for women with a quick willingness to use his guns to dole out his own ideas of justice. \"The Rainbow Trail\", a sequel to \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" that reveals",
"psg_id": "3767862"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Ronnie Penque, and drummer Johnny Markowski. They have released a live album, \"\", and two studio albums, \"Where I Come From\" and \"17 Pine Avenue\". Allen Kemp died on June 25, 2009. John \"Marmaduke\" Dawson died in Mexico on July 21, 2009, at the age of 64. The membership of the New Riders of the Purple Sage has changed many times. The following table shows a somewhat simplified version of the history of the band's lineups. New Riders of the Purple Sage New Riders of the Purple Sage is an American country rock band. The group emerged from the psychedelic",
"psg_id": "4749284"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (band)",
"text": "Riders of the Purple Sage (band) Riders of the Purple Sage was a name used by three (3) separate western bands in the United States. The original Riders of the Purple Sage was formed in 1936 by singer and guitarist Buck Page. The group spent three years as the staff band for radio station KDKA in Pittsburgh, performing five hour-long shows each week. In 1938 the band went to New York City and performed on radio station WOR and at various venues such as the famous nightclub called the Village Barn. It should be also noted that in 1932 there",
"psg_id": "8660493"
},
{
"title": "The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "version of \"Linda\", from the \"Gypsy Cowboy\" recording sessions. Re-release bonus tracks: The New Riders' first seven albums and the songs that were selected from them for \"The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage\" are: <nowiki>*</nowiki>expanded edition bonus track <nowiki>*</nowiki>expanded edition bonus track The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It contains a selection of songs that had previously appeared on the band's first seven albums, which were recorded between 1971 and",
"psg_id": "13748645"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (band)",
"text": "band performed in several movies during the 1940s and had a string of hit recordings. It disbanded in 1952. Page's original Riders of the Purple Sage is often incorrectly credited with the film appearances and recordings by Willing's band, according to Gary Bright of RPS Records, Page's recording label and management. However, it is historically very clear that Buck Page was instrumental in the beginning of what became known as Western Music's flagship cowboy band called the Riders of the Purple Sage. In the early 1960s, Page, who relocated to California after World War II, once again organized his Riders",
"psg_id": "8660495"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (band)",
"text": "of the Purple Sage band. This band released three CDs and toured the cowboy festival circuit until c. 2003 when Page disbanded the classic Cowboy/ Western band. The latest incarnation of the group was formed by former members/employees of Buck Page's \"Riders of the Purple Sage\". Billed first as \"Foy Willing's Riders of the Purple Sage,\" This group currently plays mostly in Southern California. The band is fronted by Cody Bryant (Vocals, Guitar, Banjo, Mandolin). He is joined by another past employee of Page, Mike Ley (Vocals, Guitar, Mandolin, Harmonicas), Evan Marshall (Vocals, Mandolin, Fiddle), Jimmy Harris (Vocals, Bass), and",
"psg_id": "8660496"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "of the secret—part of the mystery. That was the wonderful truth\". Yet, Oldring's sudden death creates guilt in Venters for his rash murder and shrouds forever the human characteristics of Oldring. \"Setting and Theme have been combined in this analysis to prevent redundancy. In Riders of the Purple Sage, much of the setting affects the theme.\" \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" is set in 1871 in Utah. It is set in a fictional area of Southwest Utah called Cottonwoods. Cottonwoods was founded by the father of Jane Withersteen, therefore Jane Withersteen inherited the worth of the village, \"And then she",
"psg_id": "3767855"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "the thieves. Venters falls in love with the girl while caring for her. Together they escape to the East, while Lassiter, Fay, and Jane, pursued by both Mormons and rustlers, escape into a paradise-like valley and topple a giant rock to forever close off the only way in or out. The events depicted in \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" occur in mid-spring and late summer 1871. Early in \"Riders of the Purple Sage\", Jane Withersteen's main conflict is her right to befriend a Gentile. (The word Gentile means \"non-Mormon\" and is used a lot in the book). Jane Withersteen's father",
"psg_id": "3767816"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "New Riders of the Purple Sage New Riders of the Purple Sage is an American country rock band. The group emerged from the psychedelic rock scene in San Francisco, California, in 1969, and its original lineup included several members of the Grateful Dead. Their best known song is \"Panama Red\". The band is sometimes referred to as the New Riders, or as NRPS. The roots of the New Riders can be traced back to the early 1960s Peninsula folk/beatnik scene centered on Stanford University's now-defunct Perry Lane housing complex in Menlo Park, California, where future Grateful Dead guitarist Jerry Garcia",
"psg_id": "4749266"
},
{
"title": "The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It contains a selection of songs that had previously appeared on the band's first seven albums, which were recorded between 1971 and 1975. It was released by Columbia Records in 1976. According to the biography of the band on their official web site, \"Just about this time, the music business was entering another era and the New Riders ended their relationship with Columbia Records. The subsequent release",
"psg_id": "13748643"
},
{
"title": "Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released on March 11, 1997. It contains previously released songs that were recorded between 1989 and 1993 and that were selected from three albums on the Relix Records label. It was a followup to the 1995 compilation \"Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage\". The albums excerpted on \"Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the",
"psg_id": "13836021"
},
{
"title": "The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "of \"The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage\", with its infamous cover, fulfilled their obligation to Columbia and the band then signed with MCA Records in 1976.\" Five of the ten songs on \"The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage\" were taken from the band's self-titled first album. Jerry Garcia of the Grateful Dead plays pedal steel guitar on those tracks. In 2006, \"The Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage\" was re-released with five additional songs. Four of the \"bonus tracks\" had been previously released on the Columbia albums. The fifth is an alternate",
"psg_id": "13748644"
},
{
"title": "Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "NRPS\": From \"Live on Stage\": Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released on August 5, 1995. It contains previously released songs that were recorded between 1969 and 1975 and were selected from three albums on the Relix Records label — \"Before Time Began\", \"Vintage NRPS\", and \"Live on Stage\". The songs on \"Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage\" that were excerpted from",
"psg_id": "13836020"
},
{
"title": "Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released on August 5, 1995. It contains previously released songs that were recorded between 1969 and 1975 and were selected from three albums on the Relix Records label — \"Before Time Began\", \"Vintage NRPS\", and \"Live on Stage\". The songs on \"Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage\" that were excerpted from \"Before Time Began\" were recorded",
"psg_id": "13836018"
},
{
"title": "Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Purple Sage\" are \"Keep On Keepin' On\" (a studio album released in 1989), \"Midnight Moonlight\" (a studio album released in 1992), and \"Live in Japan\" (a live album recorded in 1993 and released in 1994). From \"Midnight Moonlight\": From \"Keep On Keepin' On\": From \"Live in Japan\": Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage Relix's Best of the New New Riders of the Purple Sage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released on March 11, 1997. It contains previously released songs that were recorded between",
"psg_id": "13836022"
},
{
"title": "Setlist: The Very Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage Live",
"text": "Setlist: The Very Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage Live Setlist: The Very Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage Live is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It contains six songs selected from their live album \"Home, Home on the Road\", recorded in 1973 and released in 1974, and six songs recorded live at various venues in 1971. It was released by Legacy Recordings on July 12, 2011. On Allmusic, Al Campbell said, \"New Riders of the Purple Sage collectors will be pleased with the unreleased material, but",
"psg_id": "17403143"
},
{
"title": "Live (New Riders of the Purple Sage album)",
"text": "at this time. Dawson and guitarist Allen Kemp, separately or together, wrote eight of the eleven songs on the album. Also featured are Billy Wolf on bass and Val Fuentes, who was previously in the band It's a Beautiful Day, on drums. \"Live\" showcases a harder rocking sound than on the New Riders' previous albums. In subsequent years the Dawson / Gauthier New Riders would adopt a partly electric and partly acoustic style of music that was influenced less by rock and more by folk and bluegrass. Live (New Riders of the Purple Sage album) Live is an album by",
"psg_id": "13779818"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (1918 film)",
"text": "film censorship boards. For example, the Chicago Board of Censors required a cut, in Reel 3, of the man falling after Lassiter shoots, Reel 6, the intertitle \"He made me — I can't tell you — I can't —\", the shooting of Oldring, and, Reel 7, last shooting scene in which a Mormon is killed. The film was reissued on April 3, 1921. Riders of the Purple Sage (1918 film) Riders of the Purple Sage is a 1918 American silent western film directed by Frank Lloyd and starring William Farnum, Mary Mersch, and William Scott. Based on the 1912 novel",
"psg_id": "16881978"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (1918 film)",
"text": "a Mormon meeting, killing Dyer. The angry Mormons then pursue Lassiter, Jane, and Fay to the secluded valley where they meet Venters and the repentant cattle thief, whom Lassiter recognizes as his dead sister's daughter, Millie. Venters and the girl escape the Mormons, but Lassiter, in rolling a huge boulder down on his pursuers, blocks the only exit to the valley, trapping himself, Jane, and Fay inside the valley forever. \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" features uncredited bit parts by future silent film stars Buck Jones and Jack Nelson. \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" received mixed reviews upon its theatrical",
"psg_id": "16881976"
},
{
"title": "Setlist: The Very Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage Live",
"text": "the casual listener should first check out the band's self-titled debut album on Columbia.\" Setlist: The Very Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage Live Setlist: The Very Best of New Riders of the Purple Sage Live is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It contains six songs selected from their live album \"Home, Home on the Road\", recorded in 1973 and released in 1974, and six songs recorded live at various venues in 1971. It was released by Legacy Recordings on July 12, 2011. On Allmusic, Al Campbell said, \"New",
"psg_id": "17403144"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "a co-frontman on guitar and vocals, contributing prominently to the songwriting for the band's last major label release, 1981's \"Feelin' All Right\". In 1982, Nelson and Cage left the band, leaving Dawson as the sole remaining member from the classic lineup. From the early 1980s to the late 1990s, Dawson continued as leader of the New Riders of the Purple Sage. He was joined by bluegrass-oriented multi-instrumentalist Rusty Gauthier, who sang and played acoustic guitar, slide guitar, mandolin, banjo, and fiddle. During this fifteen-year period, an evolving lineup of musicians played with Dawson and Gauthier in the New Riders. These",
"psg_id": "4749281"
},
{
"title": "Live (New Riders of the Purple Sage album)",
"text": "Live (New Riders of the Purple Sage album) Live is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded live at the Palomino in North Hollywood, California on September 21 and November 20, 1982. It was released on the Avenue Records label on February 14, 1995. The album is sometimes referred to as Live (1982). The Palomino shows were recorded not long after David Nelson and Buddy Cage had left NRPS and Rusty Gauthier had joined, a major change in the band's lineup. John \"Marmaduke\" Dawson was the only remaining original member",
"psg_id": "13779817"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "the fate of Jane and Lassiter and their adopted daughter, was published in 1915. Both novels are notable for their protagonists' strong opposition to Mormon polygamy, but in \"Rainbow Trail\" this theme is treated more explicitly. The plots of both books revolve around the victimization of women in the Mormon culture: events in \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" are centered on the struggle of a Mormon woman who sacrifices her wealth and social status to avoid becoming a junior wife of the head of the local church, while \"Rainbow Trail\" contrasts the fanatical older Mormons with the rising generation of",
"psg_id": "3767863"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "driven off her ranch as the persecution escalates, but she and Lassiter fall in love, Lassiter solves the mystery of his sister's death and the fate of her child, the Masked Rider is unmasked, and Venters finds his own romance. Along the way, Jane also finds time to adopt Fay Larkin, a young Gentile orphan who accompanies her and Lassiter at the end of the story. \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" was written in 1912 and is set in a remote part of Utah after the influx of Mormon settlers (1847-1857) as a backdrop for the plot (1871). The Mormons",
"psg_id": "3767826"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "isolation. Jane, Fay, and Lassiter are isolated as they are forced to live forever in Surprise Valley after Balancing Rock fell. Bess and Venters spent quite a bit of time there, avoiding Oldring's rustlers. Because of the isolation of the location, they were protected for a great time. Finally, the story is based on religious confrontation. The LDS Church is portrayed very poorly in \"Riders of the Purple Sage\". The local Mormons are shown as very intolerant of the Gentiles and even of Mormons who befriend the non-Mormons. Jane seems to believe that many Mormons do not live up to",
"psg_id": "3767860"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "sleeper hit, marked the band's commercial zenith; in 1979, it was certified gold by RIAA. In the mid-1970s Radio Caroline adopted the song \"On My Way Back Home\" from the \"Gypsy Cowboy\" album as the station's theme tune. The song was well-suited to the station's album-oriented format of the time, and included the lyric \"Flying to the sun, sweet Caroline\". The New Riders of the Purple Sage continued touring and releasing albums throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s to an increasingly fallow reception; none of the albums that followed \"New Riders \"(1976) charted on the \"Billboard \"200 in antipodal",
"psg_id": "4749278"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "The west is very often, like other epic stories, seen with a religious connotation. Based on this interpretation, the village had been founded by one person with religious motives. Colonizing under Brigham Young, the Mormon prophet, was considered a \"call from God.\" The spring could represent the giving of life. One of the main aspects of the west highlighted by Riders of the Purple Sage was the distance between towns and the mostly uncharted areas between them. The west was often characterized by little towns approximately 50 miles apart from each other. In these sections, locations like Deception Pass and",
"psg_id": "3767857"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "his men begin to climb up the cliffside, Jane shouts to Lassiter to \"roll the stone,\" which he does. The ensuing avalanche closes the outlet to Deception Pass \"forever.\" (This is, of course, fanciful, as Jane, Lassiter, and Fay return in Grey's sequel, \"The Rainbow Trail/The Desert Crucible\".) Unlike many Western novels, which are often straightforward and stylized morality tales, \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" is a long novel with a complex plot that develops in many threads. The story is set in the \"cañon\" country of southern Utah in 1871. Jane Withersteen, a Mormon-born spinster of 28, has inherited",
"psg_id": "3767824"
},
{
"title": "Keep On Keepin' On (New Riders of the Purple Sage album)",
"text": "Keep On Keepin' On (New Riders of the Purple Sage album) Keep On Keepin' On is the twelfth studio album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released in 1989 by Mu Records, and subsequently re-released by Relix Records. \"Keep On Keepin' On\" is the first of two studio albums by the New Riders to feature only one original member of the band, John Dawson, the second being 1992's \"Midnight Moonlight\". It includes a version of the Grateful Dead song \"Friend of the Devil\", which was co-written by Dawson. The album is more",
"psg_id": "13738082"
},
{
"title": "Live on Stage (New Riders of the Purple Sage album)",
"text": "too!\" Live on Stage (New Riders of the Purple Sage album) Live on Stage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded live in 1975 at the Beacon Theatre in New York City and at the Keystone in Berkeley, California. It was released by Relix Records in 1993. Tracks 1 – 6 were recorded on November 14 and/or November 15, 1975 at the Beacon Theatre in New York. Tracks 7 – 10 were recorded on May 17, 1975 at the Keystone in Berkeley. Bluegrass fiddle player Vassar Clements sits in",
"psg_id": "13790045"
},
{
"title": "Live on Stage (New Riders of the Purple Sage album)",
"text": "Live on Stage (New Riders of the Purple Sage album) Live on Stage is an album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded live in 1975 at the Beacon Theatre in New York City and at the Keystone in Berkeley, California. It was released by Relix Records in 1993. Tracks 1 – 6 were recorded on November 14 and/or November 15, 1975 at the Beacon Theatre in New York. Tracks 7 – 10 were recorded on May 17, 1975 at the Keystone in Berkeley. Bluegrass fiddle player Vassar Clements sits in on",
"psg_id": "13790043"
},
{
"title": "Keep On Keepin' On (New Riders of the Purple Sage album)",
"text": "influenced by folk-rock and bluegrass music than the band's previous efforts, partly due to the contributions of multi-instrumentalist Rusty Gauthier. Keep On Keepin' On (New Riders of the Purple Sage album) Keep On Keepin' On is the twelfth studio album by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was released in 1989 by Mu Records, and subsequently re-released by Relix Records. \"Keep On Keepin' On\" is the first of two studio albums by the New Riders to feature only one original member of the band, John Dawson, the second being 1992's \"Midnight Moonlight\". It includes",
"psg_id": "13738083"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage (1925 film)",
"text": "Lassiter, who flees with Jane and her adopted ward, Fay Larkin (Dawn O'Day), into the mountains surrounding Surprise Valley. They take refuge from their pursuers on a high plateau overlooking the entrance to the valley. The only approach to their hiding place is by a set of stairs cut into the side of the cliff. When Lassiter rolls down a boulder from the heights to block the posse's path, he and Jane are trapped inside Surprise Valley forever. \"Riders of the Purple Sage\" was filmed on location in Lone Pine, California and the nearby Alabama Hills. The film features an",
"psg_id": "16882853"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "included, among others, guitarists Allen Kemp, Gary Vogensen and Evan Morgan, bass players Fred Campbell, Bill Laymon, and Michael White, and drummers Val Fuentes and Greg Lagardo. Some projects had the current line-up performing new material and others reworked older material. On some albums, such as \"Midnight Moonlight\", the band's sound was less influenced by electric country rock and more by acoustic bluegrass music. In 1997, the New Riders of the Purple Sage split up. Dawson retired from music and moved to Mexico to become an English teacher. By this time, Nelson had started his own David Nelson Band. There",
"psg_id": "4749282"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "sighed, remembering that her father had founded this remotest border settlement of southern Utah and that he had left it to her. She owned all the ground and many of the cottages. Withersteen House was hers, and the great ranch, with its thousands of cattle, and the swiftest horses of the sage. To her belonged Amber Spring, the water which gave verdure and beauty to the village and made living possible on that wild purple upland waste. She could not escape being involved by whatever befell Cottonwoods\". In the above quote, several archetypal aspects of the west can be seen.",
"psg_id": "3767856"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "story, she again expresses her spirit as a Western woman who is saddened to enter civilization, \"Oh! Bern! But look! The sun is setting on the sage – the last time for us till we dare come again to the Utah border… Oh, Bern, look, so you will never forget!” Bern Venters is Jane's young Gentile rider who also embodies some traits of the Western hero and lives by his own code of honor. He and Lassiter share many parallels, and Venters is eager to learn from and follow the famous gunman, but Venters' history is essentially in the East.",
"psg_id": "3767840"
},
{
"title": "Purple Sage, Wyoming",
"text": "$27,014 versus $20,357 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,394. About 6.1% of families and 8.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under the age of eighteen or sixty-five or over. Public education in the community of Purple Sage is provided by two school districts. Most of the CDP is served by Sweetwater County School District #1, with only a small portion being part of Sweetwater County School District #2. Purple Sage, Wyoming Purple Sage is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 535",
"psg_id": "1260493"
},
{
"title": "Purple Sage, Wyoming",
"text": "Purple Sage, Wyoming Purple Sage is a census-designated place (CDP) in Sweetwater County, Wyoming, United States. The population was 535 at the 2010 census. Purple Sage is located at (41.548512, -109.328618). According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 0.3 square miles (0.8 km²), all of it land. As of the census of 2000, there were 413 people, 131 households, and 99 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 445.8 people per square mile (171.5/km²). There were 160 housing units at an average density of 172.7/sq mi (66.4/km²). The racial makeup of",
"psg_id": "1260490"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "the story as an answer to Jane's prayer to spare Bern Venters his fate. \"She found herself murmuring, 'Whence cometh my help!' It was a prayer, as if forth from those lonely purple reaches and walls of red and clefts of blue might ride a fearless man, neither creed-bound nor creed-mad, who would hold up a restraining hand in the faces of her ruthless people\". Lassiter's black clothing represents his personality as an anti-hero. He is thus similar to the depictions of Shane and Zorro in later works and closely presages Chris in The Magnificent Seven. His act of saving",
"psg_id": "3767832"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Wage",
"text": "\"write more and more about less and less. Farmer can show you how to pile it higher and higher ... [an] exercise in self-indulgence\". A short story called \"The Oögenesis of Bird City\" (1971) describes an earlier time when the arcologies and the egg-houses were being introduced to society. Of particular interest is a mention in the story that \"integration\" of communities was a failure and the technology could be used to allow people to dwell \"among their own kind\". Riders of the Purple Wage Riders of the Purple Wage is a science fiction novella by Philip José Farmer. It",
"psg_id": "1346144"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Dead set that often included contributions from Dawson and Nelson would then segue into New Riders and electric Dead sets, obviating the need to hire external opening acts. By the time the New Riders recorded their first album in late 1970, change was in the air. Due to an incipient opiate addiction that dramatically affected his performance, Hart was temporarily fired by the Grateful Dead in February 1971. Although he contributed to two tracks on the album, former Jefferson Airplane drummer Spencer Dryden replaced Hart in the New Riders prior to his termination by the parent group. Dryden would remain",
"psg_id": "4749275"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "was a reunion performance in 2001. In 2002, the New Riders accepted a Lifetime Achievement Award from \"High Times\" magazine. On hand were a frail Dawson (suffering from emphysema), Nelson, Cage, Dryden and Torbert's widow Patti. The band performed \"Panama Red\" and \"Lonesome LA Cowboy\" with Peter Rowan as part of the celebration. In the spring of 2004, Cage sat in at several gigs with the David Nelson Band. Shortly after the death of Spencer Dryden, a reconstituted line-up of the New Riders began touring in late 2005. It features David Nelson and Buddy Cage, alongside guitarist Michael Falzarano, bassist",
"psg_id": "4749283"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "wealthy enough to possess cattle: the Mormon followers of their own faith. Those oblivious to the invisible hand speak of Oldring with anger, \"For years my riders have trailed the tracks of stolen cattle. You know as well as I how dearly we've paid for our ranges in this wild country. Oldring drives our cattle down into the network of deceiving canyons, and somewhere far to the north or east he drives them up and out to Utah markets\". Similar to the other antagonists in the novel, the rustlers do not change their lifestyle or their ideology. The only disruption",
"psg_id": "3767853"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "\"You'd think churches an' churchmen would make it better. They make it worse. You give names to things—bishops, elders, ministers, Mormonism, duty, faith, glory. You dream—or you're driven mad. I'm a man, an' I know. I name fanatics, followers, blind women, oppressors, thieves, ranchers, rustlers, riders\". Instead, religion has become an excuse for exercising tyrannous power. In the story, Dyer operates the \"invisible hand\", representing the law of the region, and assuming a position similar to Fletcher's in Shane. Dyer is physically described to possess a stern demeanor, \"The Bishop was rather tall, of stout build, with iron-gray hair and",
"psg_id": "3767845"
},
{
"title": "Who Are Those Guys?",
"text": "Who Are Those Guys? Who Are Those Guys? is the eighth studio album and tenth album overall by the country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded at the Record Plant in Sausalito, California, in October and November 1976. It was produced by Bob Johnston, and released by MCA Records in 1977. \"Who Are Those Guys?\" was the first New Riders album to feature Stephen Love on bass guitar. The band's previous bass player, Skip Battin, had left to join the Flying Burrito Brothers. Love, a former member of Rick Nelson's Stone Canyon Band, wrote",
"psg_id": "13740112"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "year, as documented by the late 1969 demos later included on the \"Before Time Began \"archival release. Lyricist Robert Hunter briefly rehearsed with the band on bass in early 1970 before the permanent hiring of Torbert in April of that year. The most commercially successful configuration of the New Riders would come to encompass Dawson, Nelson, Torbert, Spencer Dryden, and Buddy Cage. After a few warmup gigs throughout the Bay Area in 1969, Dawson, Nelson, and Torbert began to tour in May 1970 as part of a tripartite bill advertised as \"An Evening with the Grateful Dead\". An acoustic Grateful",
"psg_id": "4749274"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "with the group for ten years, ultimately serving as the band's manager. Their first album, eponymously titled, was released on Columbia Records (under a contract informed by Clive Davis's long-term aspiration to sign the Grateful Dead) in late 1971. It proved to be a moderate success comparable to the Dead's releases of the era, peaking at No. 39 on the \"Billboard\" 200 chart. Entirely composed by Dawson (in comparison to the more egalitarian songwriting of later releases), the record was driven by Garcia's pedal-steel playing. With the New Riders desiring to become more of a self-sufficient group and Garcia needing",
"psg_id": "4749276"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Wage",
"text": "in the story as the quote, \"In the country of the blind, the one-eyed man is King\". The original phrase is \"In regione caecorum, rex est luscus,\" from Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus' Collecteana Adagiorum. This is likely to also be a reference to the early SF writer H. G. Wells' story, \"The Country of the Blind\" in which a sighted man finds himself in a literal country of the blind, plots to use his advantage to rule them, but fails because his ability is not appreciated by the population. Algis Budrys said that \"Riders of the Purple Wage\" shows how to",
"psg_id": "1346143"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "prevent violence. However, stereotypical of a Western, readers understand that either Jane's words will one day be ignored by Lassiter and Venters, or Jane one day will change her position regarding the topic to facilitate for the deaths of Dyer and Tull in a final showdown. By the end of the novel, both Elders had been killed by Lassiter—who ignored Jane's pleas to kill Dyer, and who obeyed her command to \"roll the stone\" to kill Tull—who reaffirms his position as the Western hero who carries out his own forms of justice. Oldring, rustlers, et al. rustled cattle and aided",
"psg_id": "3767851"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "left us yet\". Despite his transgressions, Dyer was a true believer of his faith, but according to Judkins, he had realized the weight of his wrongs too late to find salvation. Elder Tull is another member of the Mormon Council who utilizes the \"invisible hand\" against those such as Jane Withersteen who rebelled against the Mormon faith. Tull is portrayed as cowardly. Ideologically, he is an \"empire builder\", but physically, he relies on strength in numbers, and he is unable to face Lassiter or Venters alone. His cowardly demeanor is shown early in the story, when he, with the help",
"psg_id": "3767848"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "the standards of the religion. Lassiter admits that he has met some Mormons who are not evil. The LDS Church generally is portrayed as oppressing women within the church and all non-Mormons. Non-Mormon characters are either killed or flee from Cottonwoods, including Jane and Lassiter who voluntarily cut themselves off from all human society to avoid being under Mormon dominion. Social pressure, xenophobia, and threats based on religious salvation are shown as major problems in the novel. Lassiter attributes this to a vague Mormon desire for \"empire.\" Ranchers and railroads later became the common villains seeking for empire in Western",
"psg_id": "3767861"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "she is a young woman named Bess, who was probably abused by Oldring. Venters feels very guilty about shooting a woman, and decides that it is his duty to save her life. Venters discovers Surprise Valley and Balancing Rock, where he takes Bess. As she recovers, they begin to fall in love with each other, and resolve to marry. Bess also discovered the truth concerning Oldring's team, who rustled cattle in order to disguise what they really did -- survive off gold in the streams and business deals with the Mormons. Venters then decides that they need supplies, and makes",
"psg_id": "3767820"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "friends, including Bern Venters and Lassiter, a notorious gunman and killer of Mormons. Throughout most of the novel she struggles with her \"blindness\" to the evil nature of her church and its leaders, and tries to keep Venters and Lassiter from killing the adversaries who are slowly ruining her. When she adopts a child, Fay, she abandons her beliefs and discovers her true love. A second plot strand tells of Venters and his escape to the wilderness with a girl named Bess, \"the rustler's girl,\" whom he has shot, ignorant of her gender and believing her to be one of",
"psg_id": "3767815"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "of seven others, threatens to beat Venters. Yet despite their superiority in numbers, they flee at the sight of Lassiter. Instead, Tull, who has been \"in love with [Jane] for years\", uses his authority to attempt to convince her to marry him or risk damnation. His goal is to control her inherited wealth and prevent it from being used to aid the region's impoverished Gentiles. In Grey's descriptions, he said of Tull, \"[He] spoke with the arrogance of a Mormon whose power could not be brooked and with the passion of a man in whom jealousy had kindled a consuming",
"psg_id": "3767849"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Milly Erne — to prevent him from murdering Mormon elders she knew were guilty. The two characters grow to actually love one another. Then Jane's adopted daughter Fay is kidnapped and Lassiter kills Bishop Dyer while risking his own life. The four main characters — Venters, Bess, Lassiter and Jane — realize that they can no longer safely stay in Utah. Lassiter convinces Jane to prepare to leave with him, Lassiter determines the name of a Mormon who contributed to the ruin of Milly and Jane implicates her father in the proselytizing of Milly. In a state of shock, Jane",
"psg_id": "3767822"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "mouthpiece to the little Mormon community… God revealed himself in secret to this mortal\". Bishop Dyer is also known to have fallible characteristics, sometimes \"forgetting the minister in the fury of a common man\". With his authority, he could declare any person a heretic, and with the threat of excommunication from the Mormon sect (causing them to \"face the damning of [their] soul to perdition\"), force them to act in ways that would benefit the Mormon Council. To Jane he had said, \"Remember, you're a born Mormon. There have been Mormons who turned heretic—damn their souls!—but no born Mormon ever",
"psg_id": "3767847"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "late ...” After loving Bess, he regains his determination and confidence. Of this Grey writes, \"He climbed a great yellow rock raising its crest among the spruces, and there he sat down to face the valley and the west. 'I love her!’ Aloud he spoke—unburdened his heart—confessed his secret. For an instant the golden valley swam before his eyes, and the walls waved, and all about him whirled with tumult within. 'I love her! I understand now.'” Bishop Dyer is a corrupt Mormon minister who shows the fallibility of religion in a lawless society. Lassiter described the situation with anger,",
"psg_id": "3767844"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "of women, at which Tull rebukes him, telling him not to meddle in Mormon affairs. Tull's men begin to take Venters away, and Venters realizes who he is and screams \"Lassiter!\" Tull understands that this is the infamous Lassiter and flees. Lassiter inquires as to the location of Millie Erne's grave, to which a transfixed Jane agrees to take him. Venters later tells Jane he must leave her. When she protests, Venters delivers this statement: \" ... Tull is implacable. You ought to see from his intention today that ... but you can't see. Your blindness ... your damned religion!",
"psg_id": "3767818"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "man who had protected her, she quickly forgives him for the mere reason that Oldring was not her biological father. Nonetheless, through love for Venters and freedom from the rustlers, Elizabeth does learn more about herself, \"I’ve discovered myself—too. I’m young—I’m alive—I’m so full—oh! I’m a woman!” The change is physical as well, \"She no longer resembled a boy. No eye could have failed to mark the rounded contours of a woman\". Though she had been raised by rustlers, her innocence and love for Venters allows her to join the list of the novel's protagonists. At the end of the",
"psg_id": "3767839"
},
{
"title": "Relix's Best of the Early New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "in November, 1969 at the Pacific Heights Recording studio in San Francisco, California. They feature the original lineup of the New Riders – John Dawson, David Nelson, and three members of the Grateful Dead — Jerry Garcia, Phil Lesh, and Mickey Hart. The songs taken from \"Vintage NRPS\" were recorded live in February, 1971, at the Capitol Theatre in Port Chester, New York. Garcia also plays on these tracks. The songs from \"Live on Stage\" were recorded live in 1975 at the Beacon Theatre in New York City and the Keystone in Berkeley, California. From \"Before Time Began\": From \"Vintage",
"psg_id": "13836019"
},
{
"title": "Home, Home on the Road",
"text": "track, \"Kick in the Head\", was written by Robert Hunter, who wrote the lyrics to many Grateful Dead songs. In 2004, Sony Music Entertainment, which owns the Columbia catalog, released a combined CD of \"Home, Home on the Road\" and the New Riders' subsequent album, \"Brujo\". This \"2-on-1\" CD was issued on the BGO Records label. Home, Home on the Road Home, Home on the Road is an album by the American country rock group the New Riders of the Purple Sage. Released by Columbia Records in 1974, it was their first live album, and their fifth album overall. The",
"psg_id": "12862041"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "formed the Grateful Dead (initially known as The Warlocks) with blues singer Ron \"Pigpen\" McKernan, while Nelson joined the similarly inclined New Delhi River Band (which would eventually come to include bassist Dave Torbert) shortly thereafter. Although they lacked the managerial acumen and cultural cachet of the Grateful Dead and elected to remain in East Palo Alto, California unlike the former group, who soon relocated to the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco, the New Delhi River Band were considered to be the house band of The Barn (one of the region's few viable concert venues outside of San Francisco) in",
"psg_id": "4749268"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Garcia played intermittently in an early iteration of High Country, a traditional bluegrass ensemble formed by the remnants of the Peninsula folk scene. It is believed that Nelson would have been lead guitarist in the reconstituted lineup of Big Brother that coalesced later in 1969 and thus may have contributed to some of the recordings on \"Be a Brother\" (1970) during this transitional period. Dawson—who dropped out of Occidental College in December 1965 and remained in Los Angeles for several years thereafter, \"hanging out with musicians and weirdos\"—had returned to Los Altos Hills by early 1969, allowing him to contribute",
"psg_id": "4749270"
},
{
"title": "New Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Battin (formerly of Skip & Flip and the early 1970s lineup of The Byrds), who briefly emerged as the dominant creative force in the band due to his longstanding songwriting collaboration with controversial Hollywood impresario Kim Fowley. Stephen A. Love of Rick Nelson's Stone Canyon Band and the Roger McGuinn Band replaced Battin after he left the group to co-found a reconstituted lineup of The Flying Burrito Brothers in 1976. Shortly thereafter, Spencer Dryden relinquished his performance duties to manage the group in 1977. His musical replacement was Patrick Shanahan. Allen Kemp joined on bass in 1978 before emerging as",
"psg_id": "4749280"
},
{
"title": "Dead Flowers (The Rolling Stones song)",
"text": "this version was used in the film \"The Big Lebowski\". New Riders of the Purple Sage covered the song on the 1974 live album, Home, Home on the Road, and 1976 album \"New Riders\" and as an encore during at least one concert in 1977. Both the New Riders of the Purple Sage and the David Nelson Band regularly play it live to the present day. Gilby Clarke also did a cover of the song featuring Axl Rose, on his first solo album \"Pawnshop Guitars\". Steve Earle often plays the song live and has recorded it several times as a",
"psg_id": "8256858"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "able to understand, in the end, the importance of questioning the authority of her spiritual guides, that misdeeds can be hidden in a disguise of goodness, and that violence is sometimes required in the absence of established law. Throughout the story her perception of family changes, as she is able to acknowledge the wrongs committed by her father, and is able to speak more candidly about the guilt of her Elders to Lassiter. \"Truly, Dyer ruined Milly Erne—dragged her from her home—to Utah—to Cottonwoods. But it was for my father! Blind I may be ... fanatically faithful to a false",
"psg_id": "3767830"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "a valuable ranch and spring from her father, which is coveted by other Mormons in the community. When Jane refuses to marry one of the (polygamous) Mormon elders and instead befriends Venters, a young Gentile rider, the Mormons begin to persecute her openly. Meanwhile, the notorious gunman Lassiter arrives at the Withersteen ranch in search of the grave of his long-lost sister, and stays on as Jane's defender while Venters is on the trail of a gang of rustlers that includes a mysterious Masked Rider. Jane is intent on preventing Lassiter from doing further violence to Mormons and is eventually",
"psg_id": "3767825"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "beard, and eyes of light blue. They were merry now; but Jane had seen them when they were not, and then she feared him as she had feared her father\". As a bishop, he practices plural marriage; despite already having several wives, he informs Jane of his own intent to marry her if Tull did not. All of Cottonwoods' Mormons were taught to love and revere the bishop investing alls of their \"religious fidelity\" and \"acceptance of mysterious and holy Mormon truths\" in him. As a result, he was valued as an \"entity ... next to God. He was God’s",
"psg_id": "3767846"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "He reveals his own respect of animals, which is often a protagonist trait, through favors for his dogs, Ring and Whitie. \"Whitie watched him with somber eyes of love, and Ring, crouched on the little rise of ground above, kept tireless guard. When the sun rose, the white dog took the place of the other, and Ring went to sleep at his master’s feet\". He displays his chivalrous code when he shoots Oldring's Masked Rider and nurses her back to health upon discovering that the rider was a female. Venters is described to stand tall and straight with a \"blue",
"psg_id": "3767841"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "of their social order occurs when Oldring, Dyer, and Tull are killed. Despite this, readers do not learn the impact that these events had on the rustlers. It is assumed that the institution of cattle rustling will continue in the region until it becomes civilized with a legitimate government. The final twist in plot regarding the rustlers is Oldring's capability for honor and pity, \"[Bess] was the rustler's nameless daughter. Oldring had loved her. He had so guarded her, so kept her from women and men and knowledge of life that her mind was as a child's. That was part",
"psg_id": "3767854"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "religion I may have been but I know justice, and my father is beyond human justice. Surely he is meeting just punishment—somewhere\". After her tribulations, Jane also loses her vanity; in the beginning, she \"cared most for the dream and the assurance and the allurement of her beauty ... Hordes of Mormon and Gentile suitors had fanned the flame of natural vanity in her\". This transformation eventually allows her to abandon her townsmen and many Mormon customs, and in the end, she is left only with the two Gentiles—Lassiter and Fay Larkin—that constitute her new family. \"Jim\" Lassiter symbolically enters",
"psg_id": "3767831"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Mormon sect under the influence of Bishop Dyer and the elder Withersteen. Due to this tragedy and his experience as a gunman in Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska, Lassiter showed no compassion to the Mormons that he deemed to be guilty but treated all others, like Jane Withersteen, with respect. Nonetheless, he continues to doubt the Mormon way of life, and believes that its teachings are constructed from mal-intent. When Jane tells him, \"The men of my creed have been driven in hate, up until they've become cruel, but we women pray for the time when their hearts will soften\", he",
"psg_id": "3767834"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "work is also shown when he single-handedly saves Jane's stampeding White Herd. Elizabeth \"Bess\" Erne is Milly Erne's daughter and Lassiter's niece, whom Oldring had sheltered for nearly two decades under the terms of a business deal with the Mormon Elders. She possesses more of a Western personality than her companion Bern Venters, having been born in Texas and raised by cattle rustlers. She also became the most skillful equestrian in the region after Jerry Card's death. While riding was enjoyable for her, she loved stability the most. When Venters asks her of her history, she says, \"As long as",
"psg_id": "3767836"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "Jane, forgive me ... I'm sore within and something rankles. Well, I fear that invisible hand [of Mormon power in the region] will turn its hidden work to your ruin.\", showing that Venters could see far into the future, and although Jane rebukes his statement, he is indeed correct. Jane's red herd is rustled shortly afterward and Venters tracks it and returns it to Jane. In the process, he wages a gun battle with two of Oldring's rustlers, killing one and wounding Oldring's notorious Masked Rider. When he removes the mask and shirt of the wounded rider, he discovers that",
"psg_id": "3767819"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "responds, \"That time will never come\". The disdain for Mormonism is social, instead of religious, in nature. Lassiter says, \"These Mormons ain't just right in their minds. Else could a Mormon marry one woman when he already has a wife, an' call it duty?” Indeed, Lassiter takes little heed of religion but follows his own system of values that places his dedication for justice/vengeance above all other things. This system is briefly disrupted by his love for Jane, but when Fay Larkin is abducted by the Mormon Elders, he regains his dedication and kills Bishop Dyer. His dedication toward his",
"psg_id": "3767835"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "has been protected and sheltered by Jane and later Lassiter, his people, whom the Mormons classify as \"nonbelievers\", are left impoverished and uneducated. The Mormon Elders eliminate all opportunities for the Gentiles to rise to prosperity, and they thwart Jane's efforts to bring equality into the region. Venters' relationship with Bess transforms his personality. At the start of the novel, he claims that his \"position is not a happy one\", saying, \"I can’t feel right—I’ve lost all… I mean loss of good-will, good name—that which would have enabled me to stand up in this village without bitterness. Well, it's too",
"psg_id": "3767843"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "human. He realizes, \"We can’t be any higher in the things for which life is lived at all…. relationship, friendship—love\". Throughout the novel, Elizabeth remains very static when compared to the other protagonists, and she only changes psychologically to accommodate the new love that she has for Venters. Even after recovering from her wounds, she appears very submissive to Venters while her personality remains childlike (e.g. fear of thunder even though she has lived in the West for all her life, regard for most of Venters' schemes with enthusiasm, etc.). Even after she learns that Venters had killed Oldring, the",
"psg_id": "3767838"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "wished Jane to marry Elder Tull, but Jane refused saying she did not love him, causing controversy and leading to persecution by the local Mormons. Jane's friend, cowboy Bern Venters is \"arrested\" by Tull and his men, but is not clear under what authority. Jane defends Venters, declaring him her best rider. Her churchmen refuse to value the opinion of a woman: It is here we first hear of Lassiter; at the moment when Venters mentions Lassiter's name, the actual Lassiter is seen approaching in the distance by Tull's men. Upon his arrival, Lassiter expresses his trust in the word",
"psg_id": "3767817"
},
{
"title": "Riders of the Purple Sage",
"text": "flame of defiance\" in his eyes. To readers, Venters has been persecuted and ruined with his people by the Mormons. From the start, his anger with Tull is apparent, \"Haven't you already ruined me? What do you call ruin? A year ago I was a rider. I had horses and cattle of my own. I had a good name in Cottonwoods. And now when I come into the village to see this woman you set your men on me. You hound me. You trail me as if I were a rustler. I've no more to lose—except my life\". Although he",
"psg_id": "3767842"
}
] | [
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] |
what were d w griffith's first names? | [
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "traditional narrative. Griffith has five films preserved in the United States National Film Registry deemed as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" These are \"Lady Helen's Escapade\" (1909), \"A Corner in Wheat\" (1909), \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1915), \"Intolerance: Love's Struggle Throughout the Ages\" (1916), and \"Broken Blossoms\" (1919). D. W. Griffith David Wark Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American director, writer, and producer who pioneered modern cinematic techniques. He is remembered for \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1915) and \"Intolerance\" (1916). \"The Birth of a Nation\" made use of advanced camera and narrative",
"psg_id": "99827"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith House",
"text": "lived there since 1983. Several items related to Griffith furnish the house. At the end of the sidewalk by the house one can still see the signature Griffith made in the concrete. D. W. Griffith House The D. W. Griffith House is a historic building in La Grange, Kentucky in the United States. It was owned by movie director D. W. Griffith, who rose to fame with his movies \"Birth of a Nation\" and \"Intolerance\". The house was originally constructed in 1905 as a home for a Charles and Sue Smith, but it later became a funeral parlor. Griffith bought",
"psg_id": "12293720"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith House",
"text": "D. W. Griffith House The D. W. Griffith House is a historic building in La Grange, Kentucky in the United States. It was owned by movie director D. W. Griffith, who rose to fame with his movies \"Birth of a Nation\" and \"Intolerance\". The house was originally constructed in 1905 as a home for a Charles and Sue Smith, but it later became a funeral parlor. Griffith bought it as a residence for his mother Mary in 1913, who lived there until her death a year later. Afterward, Griffith's sister Ruth lived there until she died in 1934; then Griffith's",
"psg_id": "12293717"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith House",
"text": "brother and his family lived in the house. After D. W. Griffith married his second wife, they moved to the home in 1936, staying there until 1939 when Griffith went to California to work on a film. Griffith sold the house in 1940, but his niece lived there until 1950, when it was sold once again to be made into apartments. Griffith never returned to the area, not even to receive the honorary doctorate in literature the University of Louisville gave him in 1945. New owners in 1974 returned the house to a more home-like use. Griffith had always considered",
"psg_id": "12293718"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "respects. He is buried at Mount Tabor Methodist Church Graveyard in Centerfield, Kentucky. In 1950, The Directors Guild of America provided a stone and bronze monument for his gravesite. Performer and director Charlie Chaplin called Griffith \"The Teacher of us All\". Filmmakers such as John Ford, Alfred Hitchcock, Orson Welles, Lev Kuleshov, Jean Renoir, Cecil B. DeMille, King Vidor, Victor Fleming, Raoul Walsh, Carl Theodor Dreyer, Sergei Eisenstein, and Stanley Kubrick have spoken of their respect for the director of \"Intolerance\". Welles said \"I have never really hated Hollywood except for its treatment of D. W. Griffith. No town, no",
"psg_id": "99825"
},
{
"title": "D&W Fresh Market",
"text": "the closing of the 36th Street location in Grand Rapids, and over 100 job cuts. The store names were also re-branded from 'D&W Food Center(s)' to 'D&W Fresh Market(s)' for advertising purposes. It was revealed later that these moves were a part of the plan to save the financial resources and begin a new marketing campaign in preparation for a buy-out of the company by local competitor Spartan Stores. In December 2005, Spartan Stores announced plans to purchase the remaining 20 stores the company still operated for $45 million (US) claiming it planned to, in some way, retain the D&W",
"psg_id": "4517224"
},
{
"title": "W. D. S. Abeygoonawardena",
"text": "was the owner of Galle Motor Bus Company. W. D. S. Abeygoonawardena W. D. Simon Abeygoonawardena was a Ceylonese politician. He was a member of the parliament of Ceylon for Galle electorate from the United National Party. W. D. S. Abeygoonawardena defeated the then Prime Minister of Ceylon, Wijeyananda Dahanayake at the Ceylonese parliamentary election held in March 1960 contesting for Galle. But he was defeated by Dahanayake few months later at the Ceylonese parliamentary election held in July 1960. Later Simon Abeygoonawardena served as the Mayor of Galle city from 1965 to 1966. Abeygoonawardena was educated at Mahinda College,",
"psg_id": "18482647"
},
{
"title": "W. D. S. Abeygoonawardena",
"text": "W. D. S. Abeygoonawardena W. D. Simon Abeygoonawardena was a Ceylonese politician. He was a member of the parliament of Ceylon for Galle electorate from the United National Party. W. D. S. Abeygoonawardena defeated the then Prime Minister of Ceylon, Wijeyananda Dahanayake at the Ceylonese parliamentary election held in March 1960 contesting for Galle. But he was defeated by Dahanayake few months later at the Ceylonese parliamentary election held in July 1960. Later Simon Abeygoonawardena served as the Mayor of Galle city from 1965 to 1966. Abeygoonawardena was educated at Mahinda College, Galle and was a businessman by profession. He",
"psg_id": "18482646"
},
{
"title": "S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "Union. The Bandaranaike Memorial International Conference Hall was gifted from the People's Republic of China in his memory in 1970 and houses the \"S W R D Bandaranaike Museum\". The Bandaranaike International Airport, the first international airport in Ceylon was named in his honor when it was opened in 1970. \"This page incorporates text from the Library of Congress's Country Studies series.\" S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (,; 8 January 1899 – 26 September 1959), frequently referred to as S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, was the fourth Prime Minister of Ceylon (later Sri Lanka) and founder of the",
"psg_id": "4424881"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "MacDonald and Spencer Tracy, it was the top-grossing film of the year. In 1939, the producer Hal Roach hired Griffith to produce \"Of Mice and Men\" (1939) and \"One Million B.C.\" (1940). He wrote to Griffith: \"I need help from the production side to select the proper writers, cast, etc. and to help me generally in the supervision of these pictures.\" Although Griffith eventually disagreed with Roach over the production and parted, Roach later insisted that some of the scenes in the completed film were directed by Griffith. This would make the film the final production in which Griffith was",
"psg_id": "99822"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "success; Biograph co-founder Harry Marvin gave Griffith the position, and he made the short \"The Adventures of Dollie\". He directed a total of 48 shorts for the company that year. His short \"In Old California\" (1910) was the first film shot in Hollywood, California. Four years later, he produced and directed his first feature film \"Judith of Bethulia\" (1914), one of the earliest to be produced in the US. Biograph believed that longer features were not viable at that point. According to Lillian Gish, the company thought that \"a movie that long would hurt [the audience's] eyes\". Griffith left Biograph",
"psg_id": "99814"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "Of these, the first three were successes at the box office. Griffith was forced to leave United Artists after \"Isn't Life Wonderful\" (1924) failed at the box office. He made a part-talkie, \"Lady of the Pavements\" (1929), and only two full-sound films, \"Abraham Lincoln\" (1930) and \"The Struggle\" (1931). Neither was successful, and after \"The Struggle\" he never made another film. In 1936, director Woody Van Dyke, who had worked as Griffith's apprentice on \"Intolerance\", asked Griffith to help him shoot the famous earthquake sequence for \"San Francisco\", but did not give him any film credit. Starring Clark Gable, Jeanette",
"psg_id": "99821"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "Sennett. The Triangle Film Corporation was headed by Aitken, who was released from the Mutual Film Corporation, and his brother Roy. Griffith directed and produced \"The Clansman\" through Reliance-Majestic Studios in 1915, which became known as \"The Birth of a Nation\" and is considered one of the first feature length American films. The film was a success, but it aroused much controversy due to its depiction of slavery, the Ku Klux Klan, and race relations in the American Civil War and the reconstruction era of the United States. It was based on Thomas Dixon, Jr.'s 1905 novel \"The Clansman\"; it",
"psg_id": "99816"
},
{
"title": "Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, the forth Prime Minister of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), was assassinated by the Buddhist priest Talduwe Somarama Thero on September 25, 1959, while meeting the public at his private residence, Tintagel at Rosmead Place in Colombo. Shot in the chest, abdomen and hand, Bandaranaike died the following day at Merchant's Ward of the Colombo General Hospital. He was the first Sri Lankan national leader to be assassinated, which led to his widow Sirima Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike becoming the world's first female Prime Minister. Bandaranaike became prime minister after",
"psg_id": "20596637"
},
{
"title": "Frederick W. Griffith",
"text": "Frederick W. Griffith Frederick Winter Griffith (December 17, 1858 – July 11, 1928) was an American businessman and politician from New York. He was born on December 17, 1858, in Phelps, Ontario County, New York, the son of John Watson Griffith (1830–1891) and Charlotte Elizabeth (Malette) Griffith (1837–1894). He graduated from Hamilton College in 1886. He married Mary Adams (1865–1917), and they had two sons, one of them being State Senator Henry W. Griffith (1897–1956). Griffith was a member of the New York State Assembly (Wayne Co.) in 1900, 1901 and 1902. He was a member of the New York",
"psg_id": "17221700"
},
{
"title": "Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "the world's first female Prime Minister when another coalition led by the SLFP won elections in July 1960. The murder weapon, fatal bluet and the cloths worn by Bandaranaike on that day are on display at the National Museum of Colombo. Tintagel remained the private residence of the Bandaranaike family until it was converted into a hotel in 2010. Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike, the forth Prime Minister of Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), was assassinated by the Buddhist priest Talduwe Somarama Thero on September 25, 1959, while meeting the public at his private",
"psg_id": "20596661"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "Lillian Gish, Lionel Barrymore and Harry Carey, were cast members. Gish and Barrymore found their old mentor's presence distracting and became self-conscious. While the two were filming their scenes, Griffith hid behind set scenery. On the morning of July 23, 1948, Griffith was discovered unconscious in the lobby at the Knickerbocker Hotel in Los Angeles, California, where he had been living alone. He died of a cerebral hemorrhage at 3:42 PM on the way to a Hollywood hospital. A large public service was held in his honor at the Hollywood Masonic Temple, but few stars came to pay their last",
"psg_id": "99824"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "actively involved. However, cast members' accounts recall Griffith directing only the screen tests and costume tests. When Roach advertised the film in late 1939 with Griffith listed as producer, Griffith asked that his name be removed. Although mostly forgotten by movie-goers of the time, Griffith was held in awe by many in the film industry. In the mid-1930s, he was given a special Oscar by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. In 1946, he made an impromptu visit to the film location of David O. Selznick's epic western \"Duel in the Sun\", where some of his veteran actors,",
"psg_id": "99823"
},
{
"title": "Henry W. Griffith",
"text": "Henry W. Griffith Henry Watson Griffith (January 11, 1897 – July 21, 1956) was an American businessman, newspaper publisher and politician from New York. He was born on January 11, 1897, in Palmyra, Wayne County, New York, the son of State Senator Frederick W. Griffith (1858–1928) and Mary (Adams) Griffith. He graduated from Palmyra High School in 1914, and \"in absentia\" from Hamilton College in 1918. During World War I he was a second lieutenant of field artillery of the U.S. Army. In 1925, he married Agnes McLouth, and they had four daughters. He published the \"Palmyra Courier–Journal\", a weekly",
"psg_id": "17958336"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "of the founders of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences and among the most important figures in the history of film. He popularized the use of the close-up shot. Griffith was born on a farm in Oldham County, Kentucky, the son of Mary Perkins (\"née\" Oglesby) and Jacob Wark \"Roaring Jake\" Griffith a Confederate Army colonel in the American Civil War who was elected as a Kentucky state legislator. Griffith was raised a Methodist, and he attended a one-room schoolhouse where he was taught by his older sister Mattie. His father died when he was ten, and the",
"psg_id": "99811"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "family struggled with poverty. When Griffith was 14, his mother abandoned the farm and moved the family to Louisville, Kentucky, where she opened a boarding house. It failed shortly after. Griffith then left high school to help support the family, taking a job in a dry goods store and later in a bookstore. He began his creative career as an actor in touring companies. Meanwhile, he was learning how to become a playwright, but had little success—only one of his plays was accepted for a performance. He traveled to New York City in 1907 in an attempt to sell a",
"psg_id": "99812"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "industry, no profession, no art form owes so much to a single man.\" Griffith seems to have been the first to understand how certain film techniques could be used to create an expressive language; it gained popular recognition with the release of his \"The Birth of a Nation\" (1915). His early shorts—such as Biograph's \"The Musketeers of Pig Alley\" (1912), the first \"gangster film\"—show that Griffith's attention to camera placement and lighting heightened mood and tension. In making \"Intolerance\", the director opened up new possibilities for the medium, creating a form that seems to owe more to music than to",
"psg_id": "99826"
},
{
"title": "Frederick W. Griffith",
"text": "State Senate from 1910 to 1912, sitting in the 133rd, 134th and 135th New York State Legislatures. He was a presidential elector in 1916, voting for the Republican candidates Charles Evans Hughes and Charles W. Fairbanks. On August 3, 1918, he married Martha (Riggs) Truax. He was President of the Garlock Packing Company in Palmyra. The company manufactured packing and sealing products; and was taken over by Colt Industries in 1975. He died suddenly on July 11, 1928, in Pasadena, California; and was buried at the Palmyra Cemetery in Palmyra, New York. Frederick W. Griffith Frederick Winter Griffith (December 17,",
"psg_id": "17221701"
},
{
"title": "D. & W. Murray Limited",
"text": "Matthew Goode & Co.'s old warehouse at Stephens place for its new headquarters. Some notable members of the company were: D. & W. Murray Limited D. & W. Murray was a drapers shop in Adelaide founded by brothers David Murray (28 December 1829 – 6 January 1907) and William Mackintosh Murray (c. 1831 – 25 November 1920), which became the wholesale draper D. & W. Murray Limited, with warehouses in three States, then Goode, Durrant & Murray second in importance only to G. & R. Wills. The Murray brothers were born in Anstruther, Fife, Scotland, sons of William Murray. They",
"psg_id": "20051328"
},
{
"title": "Henry W. Griffith",
"text": "newspaper. Griffith was a member of the New York State Senate from 1939 to 1950, sitting in the 162nd, 163rd, 164th, 165th, 166th and 167th New York State Legislatures. In 1950, he ran for re-nomination, but was defeated in the Republican primary by George R. Metcalf. He died on July 21, 1956, while on a fishing trip at his lodge on Weslemkoon Lake in Ontario, Canada, of a heart attack. Henry W. Griffith Henry Watson Griffith (January 11, 1897 – July 21, 1956) was an American businessman, newspaper publisher and politician from New York. He was born on January 11,",
"psg_id": "17958337"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "surrounding the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (during religious persecution of French Huguenots); and a modern story. \"Intolerance\" was not a financial success, although it had good box office turn-outs; it did not bring in enough profits to cover the lavish road show that accompanied it. Griffith put a huge budget into the film's production which could not be recovered in its box office. He mostly financed \"Intolerance\" himself, contributing to his financial ruin for the rest of his life. Griffith's production partnership was dissolved in 1917 and he went to Artcraft, part of Paramount Pictures, and then to First National",
"psg_id": "99819"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "acclaimed for its radical technique and condemned for its inherently racist philosophy. The film was subject to boycotts by the NAACP; screenings caused riots at several theaters and it was censored in many cities, including New York City. \"Intolerance\" was an answer to his critics. Several of Griffith's later films were also successful, including \"Broken Blossoms\" (1919), \"Way Down East\" (1920), and \"Orphans of the Storm\" (1921), but his high costs for production, promotion, and roadshow often made his ventures commercial failures. He made roughly 500 films by the time of his final feature \"The Struggle\" (1931). Griffith is one",
"psg_id": "99810"
},
{
"title": "William S. Griffith",
"text": "William S. Griffith William Samuel \"Bill\" Griffith (November 25, 1931 – August 12, 1996) was a dedicated adult educator. Working internationally at both applied and academic levels, Griffith contributed intellectual excellence and hard work to a diversity of fields which mattered very much to him: literacy, family planning, agriculture, correction services – and the development of academic journals which fostered professional communities in each field. Family was equally important to Griffith. While at Pennsylvania State University, he met and married Beverly Ann Breland – they had three children: Thomas (1956), Kathryn (1958), Rebecca (1960), and five grandchildren. 1953 B Sc",
"psg_id": "14886996"
},
{
"title": "D. S. Goonesekera",
"text": "Council and in 1944 was subsequently elected as Mayor of Galle. At the first parliament election in 1947 he contested the seat for the Udugama Electoral District, on behalf of the United National Party, becoming its first MP. In the subsequent parliamentary election in 1952 he lost the seat, after switching to the Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He was successful in regaining the seat at the 1956 parliamentary election. In 1959 he was appointed as Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister of Trade and Commerce by Prime Minister S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike. D. S. Goonesekera Don Samuel Goonesekera (13 November",
"psg_id": "19316324"
},
{
"title": "W. S. Van Dyke",
"text": "actress Zelda Ashford, and the two joined various touring theater companies, finally arriving in Hollywood in 1915. In 1915, Van Dyke found work as an assistant director to D. W. Griffith on the film \"The Birth of a Nation\". The following year, he was Griffith's assistant director on \"Intolerance\". That same year he worked as an assistant director to James Young on \"Unprotected\" (1916), \"The Lash\" (1916), and the lost film \"Oliver Twist\", in which he also played the role of Charles Dickens. In 1917, Van Dyke directed his first film, \"The Land of Long Shadows\", for Essanay Studios. That",
"psg_id": "3296673"
},
{
"title": "William S. Griffith",
"text": "population education; international education (material from countries ranging from Africa and Asia to Scotland and Sweden), correctional education (particularly for sex offenders), and population education (Planned Parenthood, population education in Egypt). Other interests: was an active member of the Commission of Adult Education, the President of the Northwest Adult Education Association, the Chairman of the Commission of Professors of Adult Education and the President of the American Association for Adult and Continuing Education, he also served on the committee of the Adult Education Research Conference. Griffith is listed in Who's Who In America William S. Griffith William Samuel \"Bill\" Griffith",
"psg_id": "14886999"
},
{
"title": "S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "on to become Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka (2000–2001) and a Minister (2004–08) and his eldest Sunethra Bandaranaike who followed her father's footsteps attending Oxford, became a prominent socialite. Both a highly respected and controversial figure, he has been accused of initiating the racial discords in the island nation with his pro-Sinhalese nationalist policies. His wife continued many of his socialist policies in later years of her administration. On 17 July 1976, a bronze statue of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike was unveiled on Galle Face Green, it was sculpted by Lev Kerbel and gifted from the Soviet",
"psg_id": "4424880"
},
{
"title": "S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike Solomon West Ridgeway Dias Bandaranaike (,; 8 January 1899 – 26 September 1959), frequently referred to as S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike, was the fourth Prime Minister of Ceylon (later Sri Lanka) and founder of the left wing and Sinhala nationalist Sri Lanka Freedom Party, serving as Prime Minister from 1956 until his assassination by a robed Buddhist monk in 1959. Bandaranaike was born in Colombo, Ceylon, to the wealthy Sinhalese Anglican Christian Bandaranaike family, who had become one of the elite native families under the British administration. His father was Sir Solomon Dias Bandaranaike the Maha Mudaliyar,",
"psg_id": "4424857"
},
{
"title": "D. S. Satyaranjan",
"text": "South Asia Theological Research Institute brought out a \"fetschrift\" in honour of Satyaranjan entitled, \"Together with People: Essays in honour of Rev. D. S. Satyaranjan\" edited by Samson Prabhakar and has essays by his companions J. W. Gladstone, H. S. Wilson, Roger Gaikwad, Gabriele Dietrich and others. In 2016, the Senate of Serampore College (University) conferred a Doctor of Divinity degree by honoris causa upon Satyaranjan at its annual convocation held at the Andhra Christian Theological College, Hyderabad in Telangana by the Master of the University, John Sadananda. D. S. Satyaranjan D. S. Satyaranjan (born 19 January 1939) is a",
"psg_id": "9795166"
},
{
"title": "G. W. & W. D. Hewitt",
"text": "the principal buildings, including a resort hotel, the Wissahickon Inn (1883–84) (now Chestnut Hill Academy); the first clubhouse for the Philadelphia Cricket Club (1883–84, burned 1909); Houston's own mansion, Druim Moir (1886); and St. Martin-in-the-Fields Episcopal Church (1888). More than 100 Chestnut Hill houses were designed by the Hewitts. Horace Trumbauer did his apprenticeship with the firm. Phineas Paist worked for the firm, and became a partner in it. Following George's 1907 retirement, the firm continued as Hewitt, Stevens & Paist. Notes G. W. & W. D. Hewitt G. W. & W. D. Hewitt was a prominent architectural firm in",
"psg_id": "8863615"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Snodgrass",
"text": "W. D. Snodgrass William De Witt Snodgrass (January 5, 1926 – January 13, 2009) was an American poet who also wrote under the pseudonym S. S. Gardons. He won the 1960 Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. W. D. Snodgrass was born on January 5, 1926, in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, to Bruce De Witt, an accountant, and Jesse Helen (Murchie) Snodgrass. The family lived in Wilkinsburg, but drove to Beaver Falls for his birth since his grandfather was a doctor in the town. Eventually the family moved to Beaver Falls and Snodgrass graduated from the local high school in 1943. He then",
"psg_id": "5225539"
},
{
"title": "S. D. Bandaranayake",
"text": "On his return he joined the newly formed Ceylon Agricultural Corps as a Commandant during World War II. After the war he entered politics, campaigning for S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike and joined his newly formed Sri Lanka Freedom Party. He was elected to parliament in 1952 and was re-elected in 1956 however he did not accept the office due to disagreements with S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike on the Sinhala Only Act. He was involved in the 1971 JVP Insurrection against the SLFP led government under Sirimavo Bandaranaike. The Criminal Justice Commission which was set up to prosecute insurgents",
"psg_id": "18799507"
},
{
"title": "Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "by the government to lead the prosecution assisted by L.B.T. Premaratne, QC and Crown Counsel Ananda Pereira. Deputy Solicitor General Ameer opposed this move and resigned in protest. E. G. Wickremanayake, QC argued that the Capital Punishment (Repeal) Act did not re-introduce the death penalty for conspiracy to commit murder. The court agreed with the submission. All appeals were dismissed but amended the sentences imposed on Buddharakkitha Thero and Jayewardena from death to rigorous life imprisonment. By this time S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike’s widow Sirima Bandaranaike had formed a government and was prime minister. Angered by the decision of",
"psg_id": "20596655"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith House",
"text": "La Grange his hometown, having spent his boyhood at a nearby farm until his mother had to sell it for debts left after his father died, and even signed in hotel registers as being from the town, no matter where he was actually living at the time. When Griffith died, as according to his will, his remains were returned to Oldham County and buried eight miles (13 km) south of La Grange in Mount Tabor Cemetery, Centerfield, Kentucky, where his family had a plot. The house today remains privately owned, but is considered a historic attraction. The current owners have",
"psg_id": "12293719"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "Pictures (1919–1920). At the same time, he founded United Artists together with Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford, and Douglas Fairbanks. He continued to make films, but he never achieved box office grosses as high as either \"The Birth of a Nation\" or \"Intolerance.\" Though United Artists survived as a company, Griffith's association with it was short-lived. While some of his later films did well at the box office, commercial success often eluded him. Griffith features from this period include \"Broken Blossoms\" (1919), \"Way Down East\" (1920), \"Orphans of the Storm\" (1921), \"Dream Street\" (1921), \"One Exciting Night\" (1922) and \"America\" (1924).",
"psg_id": "99820"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Griffith",
"text": "script to Edison Studios producer Edwin Porter; Porter rejected the script but gave him an acting part in \"Rescued from an Eagle's Nest\" instead. He then decided to become an actor and appeared in many films as an extra. In 1908, Griffith accepted a role as a stage extra in \"Professional Jealousy\" for the American Mutoscope and Biograph Company, where he met cameraman Billy Bitzer, and his career in the film industry changed forever. In 1908, Biograph's main director Wallace McCutcheon, Sr. grew ill, and his son Wallace McCutcheon, Jr. took his place. McCutcheon, Jr. did not bring the studio",
"psg_id": "99813"
},
{
"title": "S. D. Bandaranayake",
"text": "S. D. Bandaranayake Samuel Dias Bandaranayake was a Sri Lankan socialist politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Born to a wealthy family, his father was C. P. Dias Bandaranayake and his mother was the daughter of Mahamudaliyar Ekanayake from Matara, his grandfather was Conrad (Peter) Petrus Dias Wijewardena Bandaranaike, Maha Mudaliyar. He was a cousin of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike. He was educated at S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, St. Thomas' College, Matara and studied agriculture at the University of Travancore. While in India he met figures such as Subhas Chandra Bose and Rabindranath Tagore.",
"psg_id": "18799506"
},
{
"title": "What the Daisy Said",
"text": "a strapping farmhand who appears out of the blue. What the Daisy Said What the Daisy Said is a one-reel film (about 12 minutes) made by D. W. Griffith for Biograph in 1910. The film opens upon two sisters (Martha, played by Mary Pickford, and Millie, played by Gertrude Robinson) standing in a field of daisies. Millie plucks the petals off of one to divine whether he loves me... he loves me not. The girls part ways; Martha's next stop is the vegetable patch in which a lanky farmhand diligently labors with a shovel. She passes up the farmhand's polite",
"psg_id": "10893086"
},
{
"title": "What the Daisy Said",
"text": "What the Daisy Said What the Daisy Said is a one-reel film (about 12 minutes) made by D. W. Griffith for Biograph in 1910. The film opens upon two sisters (Martha, played by Mary Pickford, and Millie, played by Gertrude Robinson) standing in a field of daisies. Millie plucks the petals off of one to divine whether he loves me... he loves me not. The girls part ways; Martha's next stop is the vegetable patch in which a lanky farmhand diligently labors with a shovel. She passes up the farmhand's polite offer to become sweethearts and promptly steals away to",
"psg_id": "10893079"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Oddy & Company",
"text": "W. D. Oddy & Company W. D. Oddy & Company Ltd was a British manufacturer of wooden aircraft propellers, formed in 1919. The company was the main supplier of propellers to Blackburn Aircraft in the first half of the 1920s. Oddy worked with the early aircraft pioneer Robert Blackburn, founder of the Blackburn Aeroplane and Motor Company. W. D. Oddy & Company were advertising their airscrews at least as early as 1917. In 1919 Oddy patented a propeller copying and profiling machine. The limited liability company was formed in October 1919, set up with £25,000 of share capital and Blackburn",
"psg_id": "16288897"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Jones",
"text": "W. D. Jones William Daniel (\"W.D.\", \"Bud\", \"Deacon\") Jones (May 12, 1916 – August 20, 1974) was a member of the Barrow Gang, whose spree throughout the southern Midwest in the early years of the Great Depression became part of American criminal folklore. Jones ran with Clyde Barrow and Bonnie Parker for eight and a half months, from Christmas Eve 1932 to early September 1933. He was one of two gang members who were consolidated into the \"C. W. Moss\" character in the 1967 film \"Bonnie and Clyde.\" \"Moss was a dumb kid who run errands and done what Clyde",
"psg_id": "7296852"
},
{
"title": ".38 S&W",
"text": "Revolver .380 inch Mark IIz cartridge were theoretically phased out of British service in 1963, when the 9×19mm semi-automatic Browning Hi-Power pistol was finally issued to most British and Commonwealth forces. The \".38 Colt New Police\" was Colt's Manufacturing Company's proprietary name for what was essentially the .38 S&W with a flat-nosed bullet. The U.S. \".38 S&W Super Police\" cartridge was nearly identical to the British .38/200 Mk I, using a lead alloy bullet with a muzzle velocity of and a muzzle energy of , and was supplied by several U.S. manufacturers to the British government as equivalent to the",
"psg_id": "3876902"
},
{
"title": ".460 S&W Magnum",
"text": "to feel like \"three times\" that of what a .44 Magnum's recoil would be. Since firearms chambered in .460 S&W magnum can also fire cartridges of dissimilar trajectories, such as .45 Colt, S&W provides an extra additional rear sight with the gun to compensate for bullet drop down range, depending on the user's load and shooting applications. With Buffalo Bore's loadings, the .460 S&W can achieve of energy by driving a 300 grain .452 caliber bullet at and of energy by driving a heavier 360 grain .452 caliber bullet at . For comparison, Hornady's 9249 load for the .500 S&W",
"psg_id": "7082594"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Flackes",
"text": "W. D. Flackes William David Flackes, OBE (14 March 1921 - 1 August 1993), better known as W. D. Flackes, was a British journalist, broadcaster and author. He was the BBC Northern Ireland Political Correspondent between 1964 and 1982. Eric Waugh in \"The Independent\" referring to Flackes' reporting of The Troubles said \"When it began to come to the boil - in 1966 - Flackes at once displayed before the network audience a notable talent for the simple exposition, balanced yet necessarily brief, of what was a highly complex community problem.\" Flackes was born in 1921 in the village of",
"psg_id": "17661505"
},
{
"title": "W. S. Van Dyke",
"text": "sequence in \"San Francisco\" is considered one of the best special-effects sequences ever filmed. To help direct, Van Dyke called upon his early mentor, D. W. Griffith, who had fallen on hard times. Van Dyke was also known to hire old-time, out-of-work actors as extras. Because of his loyalty, he was much beloved and admired in the industry. Van Dyke was known for allowing ad-libbing (that remained in the film) and for coaxing natural performances from his actors. He made stars of Nelson Eddy, James Stewart, Myrna Loy, Johnny Weissmuller, Maureen O'Sullivan, Eleanor Powell, Ilona Massey, and Margaret O'Brien. He",
"psg_id": "3296677"
},
{
"title": "S. D. Bandaranayake",
"text": "found him guilty of two counts of being a member of the JVP and attending the five lectures. He was given a suspended sentence of two years. In 1977, he was re-elected to parliament. S. D. Bandaranayake Samuel Dias Bandaranayake was a Sri Lankan socialist politician and a member of the Parliament of Sri Lanka. Born to a wealthy family, his father was C. P. Dias Bandaranayake and his mother was the daughter of Mahamudaliyar Ekanayake from Matara, his grandfather was Conrad (Peter) Petrus Dias Wijewardena Bandaranaike, Maha Mudaliyar. He was a cousin of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike. He",
"psg_id": "18799508"
},
{
"title": "D&W Performance",
"text": "D&W Performance D&W Performance is a performance engine and drivetrain component distributor, headquartered in Auburn, NY. The company installs and distributes performance powertrain products for both gas and diesel applications. D&W supplies performance powertrain components from manufacturers such as: Garrett, Vibrant, Turbosmart, MBRP, PacBrake, FASS, TS, Bully Dog, and BD. Along with its corporate location, D&W Performance has five other locations with technical support teams and installation experts. D&W has over 200 employees. Founded in January 1976, D&W Diesel began as a starter and generator repair shop. In 1980, D&W Diesel expanded its product lines to include the sales and",
"psg_id": "14363740"
},
{
"title": "D&W Railroad",
"text": "D&W Railroad The D&W Railroad is a shortline railroad operated by the Iowa Northern Railway. The D&W Railroad was formed in 2002 by TRANSCO Railway Products in order to acquire the rail line from Dewar to Oelwein, Iowa, from the Union Pacific Railroad in lieu of abandonment. D&W Railroad headquarters are located in Chicago, Illinois. In 2005 the railroad reorganized from D&W Railroad, Inc., to D&W Railroad, LLC. The D&W owns of track. The railroad is operated by the Iowa Northern Railway in order to provide service to shippers. Upon the completion of the Hawkeye Renewables, LLC Plant in Fairbank",
"psg_id": "11230770"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Schock Corp",
"text": "the company was producing four designs, the Harbor 20, Harbor 25, Harbor 30 and the US Sabot. Summary of boats built by W. D. Schock Corp: W. D. Schock Corp The W. D. Schock Corporation (usually styled W. D. Schock Corp) is an American boat builder originally based in Corona, California and later in Santa Ana, California. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of fiberglass sailboats. The company was founded by William \"Bill\" D. Schock in 1958. Bill Schock built his first boat at age 13, a Skimmer sailing dinghy constructed in the family garage in Hollywood, California.",
"psg_id": "20521726"
},
{
"title": "Assassination of S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "letter to the Governor General recommending that he appoint Wijeyananda Dahanayake, Minister of Education as acting Prime Minister during his absence. With this letter present, Sir Oliver Goonetilleke appointed Dahanayake as Prime Minister on September 26, 1959 and was later confirmed by Parliament. Bandaranaike's body lay in state in the Parliament building at Galle Face, where thousands came day and night to show respect. His funeral took place at Horagolla amid a sea of mourners. Like his father Sir Solomon Dias Bandaranaike, S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike interned in a specially built mausoleum known as the Horagolla Bandaranaike Samadhi. With",
"psg_id": "20596647"
},
{
"title": ".38 S&W",
"text": ".38 S&W The .38 S&W (9×20mmR) is a revolver cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson in 1877. Versions of the cartridge were the standard revolver cartridges of the British military from 1922 until the 1960s. Though similar in name, it is not interchangeable with the later .38 Smith & Wesson Special due to a different case shape and slightly larger bullet diameter. The round was first introduced in 1877 for use in the S&W .38 Single Action. After World War I, the British military sought to replace pre-war revolvers with easier to handle weapons. Webley demonstrated a lighter version of",
"psg_id": "3876898"
},
{
"title": "S. D. S. Yogi",
"text": "S. D. S. Yogi S. D. Subramania Yogi, popularly known as S. D. S. Yogi () was a Tamil director, playwright, screenplay writer and poet from Tamil Nadu, India. He was born in a family of poets and published his first collection of poems, while still a student at the Erode Mahajana High School in 1924. He became involved in the Indian Independence Movement and wrote many poems in support of the Indian nationalist cause. He was given the title \"Bhala Bharathi\" in appreciation of his Tamil literary skills. Among his noted works are \"Bhavani Kuravanji\", a translation of Omar",
"psg_id": "15253987"
},
{
"title": "W. & D. Downey",
"text": "W. & D. Downey W. & D. Downey were Victorian studio photographers operating in London from the 1860s to the 1910s. William Downey (14 July 1829 in South Shields – 7 July 1915 in Kensington), who came to be known as the Queen's Photographer, was born in King Street in South Shields, a decade before commercial photography had become a reality. William, initially, was a carpenter and boatbuilder, but in about 1855 he set up a studio in South Shields with his brother Daniel and later established branches in Blyth, Morpeth and Newcastle. Their first Royal commission was to provide",
"psg_id": "12122422"
},
{
"title": ".32 S&W",
"text": "Merwin & Hulbert rebranded the .32 S&W and .38 S&W with their own name, but dimensionally they were the same. Leon Czolgosz used an Iver Johnson revolver chambered in .32 S&W to assassinate President William McKinley on September 6, 1901. McKinley was shot twice in the abdomen at close range, and although he did not die immediately, he eventually succumbed to gangrene on September 14. Iver Johnson top break revolvers .32 S&W The .32 S&W cartridge was introduced in 1878 for Smith & Wesson pocket revolvers. It was originally designed as a black powder cartridge. The .32 S&W was offered",
"psg_id": "3893942"
},
{
"title": "Gordon Griffith",
"text": "Gordon Griffith Gordon S. Griffith (July 4, 1907 – October 12, 1958) was an American assistant director, film producer, and one of the first child actors in the American movie industry. Griffith worked in the film industry for five decades, acting in over 60 films, and surviving the transition from silent films to talkies—films with sound. During his acting career, he worked with Charles Chaplin, and was the first actor to portray Tarzan on film. Griffith was born on July 4, 1907 in Chicago, Illinois, to actors Harry Sutherland Griffith and Katherine Kiernan Griffith. He had two siblings, an older",
"psg_id": "7944594"
},
{
"title": "D&W Performance",
"text": "BD Diesel, FASS, Vibrant, TiAL, Turbosmart, MBRP and PacBrake. In 2008, D&W Performance launched a new website, dwperformance.com, which targets the expanding performance products market. D&W Performance D&W Performance is a performance engine and drivetrain component distributor, headquartered in Auburn, NY. The company installs and distributes performance powertrain products for both gas and diesel applications. D&W supplies performance powertrain components from manufacturers such as: Garrett, Vibrant, Turbosmart, MBRP, PacBrake, FASS, TS, Bully Dog, and BD. Along with its corporate location, D&W Performance has five other locations with technical support teams and installation experts. D&W has over 200 employees. Founded in",
"psg_id": "14363742"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Cocker",
"text": "1956. He is best known for his humorous poems in Scots, often on Biblical themes, such as \"The Deluge\", on the story of Noah and the Flood. Books of his poems include \"Poems: Scots and English\", \"Further Poems\", \"New Poems\" and \"Randon Rhymes and Ballads\". W. D. Cocker W. D. Cocker (1882 in Rutherglen – 1970) was a Scottish poet who wrote in both Scots and English. W. D. Cocker was born into a family of Glasgow merchants. In the First World War, he served with the Highland Light Infantry, and was taken prisoner in 1917. His war poetry is",
"psg_id": "7739043"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Cocker",
"text": "W. D. Cocker W. D. Cocker (1882 in Rutherglen – 1970) was a Scottish poet who wrote in both Scots and English. W. D. Cocker was born into a family of Glasgow merchants. In the First World War, he served with the Highland Light Infantry, and was taken prisoner in 1917. His war poetry is fairly limited in scope, but includes the poems \"Up the Line to Poelkapelle\", \"The Sniper\" and a five-part sonnet cycle entitled \"Sonnets in Captivity\". After the war Cocker entered the account department of the \"Daily Record\", and was the paper's drama citic until retirement in",
"psg_id": "7739042"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Frydendall",
"text": "D. W. Frydendall D. W. Frydendall is a comic book artist best known for his horror art. Born in Los Angeles he grew up in Arcadia, a suburb outside of Pasadena, California. At an early age he showed an aptitude at drawing creatures such as the Wolfman. In interviews he claims he was a \"strange\" child. D.W. was highly influenced by illustrator Harry Clarke's art in an illustrated book of Edgar Allan Poe's writings. D. W. Frydendall is currently based in Los Angeles. His first work Catseye Agency was published by Rip Off Press in 1991. His work has been",
"psg_id": "10483759"
},
{
"title": "S&W Cafeteria",
"text": "S&W Cafeteria S&W Cafeteria was a Charlotte, North Carolina-based chain of cafeteria-style restaurants. The chain specialized in low-cost, Southern-style food. Branches were located in the Southeastern United States from Washington, D.C. to Atlanta, Georgia. The company was organized in 1920, by Frank Odell Sherrill and Fred Weber who had served as mess sergeants together in World War I. The operation originated at Ivey's department store which was located in Charlotte. The initial restaurant was located at 100 W. Trade Street in downtown Charlotte. By 1934, when the first Washington, D.C. location opened, cafeterias were located in Atlanta, Georgia; Asheville, Charlotte,",
"psg_id": "12432809"
},
{
"title": "Goodbye to Language",
"text": "not yet been explored to its full potential. Godard thinks that technology, like a movie camera, \"reveal[s] something cultural\", such as what it \"mean[s] about the times it emerged from\" and also how it is limited by what it cannot do. Cinematic techniques such as CinemaScope, dolly shots, close-ups or high fidelity are thought of as innovative, but actually create limitations by setting standards and rules in technique. He compares his experiments with 3D to early films by Auguste and Louis Lumière and D. W. Griffith, who made films before there were \"rules\" about technique, stating \"when technique is at",
"psg_id": "16958580"
},
{
"title": "D&W Fresh Market",
"text": "\"A nicer place to be!\" \"The Heart of Values\" \"Great Food, Great Service, Great Place to Shop\" and \"It's a matter of taste.\" D&W Fresh Market D&W Fresh Market is a grocery store chain owned and operated by SpartanNash. Begun in Grandville, Michigan, the chain consists of 11 stores, nine of which are in the southwestern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. D&W Fresh Market was founded in 1943 by Roy Woodrick and Sid DeVries. The first store was opened in Grandville, Michigan as an IGA retail grocery store. It was one of the first grocery stores in Grand Rapids to sell",
"psg_id": "4517228"
},
{
"title": "D&W Fresh Market",
"text": "D&W Fresh Market D&W Fresh Market is a grocery store chain owned and operated by SpartanNash. Begun in Grandville, Michigan, the chain consists of 11 stores, nine of which are in the southwestern Lower Peninsula of Michigan. D&W Fresh Market was founded in 1943 by Roy Woodrick and Sid DeVries. The first store was opened in Grandville, Michigan as an IGA retail grocery store. It was one of the first grocery stores in Grand Rapids to sell USDA Choice Beef exclusively. In the early 1960s, DeVries and Woodrick created a new corporate entity for the operation by the name of",
"psg_id": "4517222"
},
{
"title": "W. D. H. Baillie",
"text": "candidate, John Rigg, withdrew, Baillie was declared elected. Hannah Baillie died on 12 November 1919 in Wellington. Captain Baillie died aged 95 at his daughter's residence in Maoribank, Upper Hutt, New Zealand on 24 February 1922. His funeral was held at what is now known as Old St. Paul's in Wellington. The Baillies are buried at Karori Cemetery. Two of his sons had died before him. W. D. H. Baillie William Douglas Hall Baillie (22 February 1827 – 24 February 1922) was a New Zealand politician. He was known as W. D. H. Baillie and often referred to as Captain",
"psg_id": "16239106"
},
{
"title": "S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike",
"text": "Maha Sabha in 1936. He introduced the \"Free Lanka Bill\" in the State Council in 1945 In 1947, when Leader of the House, D. S. Senanayake presented the Soulbury Constitution to the State Council, Bandaranaike seconded the motion stating that he does so as the Sinhala Maha Sabha was the largest party in the State Council. With Ceylon heading for self-rule under dominion status, D. S. Senanayake invited Bandaranaike to combine his Sinhala Maha Sabha with other smaller parties into the United National Party (UNP) which Senanayake was forming to contest for the 1947 election under the new Soulbury Constitution.",
"psg_id": "4424862"
},
{
"title": "D&W Performance",
"text": "service of turbochargers, and the growth continued. In the following years D&W added more product lines and opened additional sales and service locations in Albany, Buffalo and Rochester, New York; Worcester, Massachusetts and Cleveland, Ohio. In 1999, D&W was named a Garrett Master Distributor. D&W Performance distributes Garrett products to the Northeastern United States and to Eastern Canada. As an extension of the performance turbocharging marketing efforts, D&W invested in the business of installing and distributing performance powertrain products for both gas and diesel applications. From there, D&W Performance grew their product distribution to include such brands as Bully Dog,",
"psg_id": "14363741"
},
{
"title": "D&W Railroad",
"text": "D&W Railroad back to TRANSCO Railway Products. The main products handled on the rail line include grain, chemicals, plastic pellets, grain products and rail cars to be repaired or rebuilt. The \"D\" and \"W\" was dedicated in remembrance for Dan and Woody, two former TRANSCO Railway Products employees, who lost their lives in a tragic accident in Oelwein. D&W Railroad The D&W Railroad is a shortline railroad operated by the Iowa Northern Railway. The D&W Railroad was formed in 2002 by TRANSCO Railway Products in order to acquire the rail line from Dewar to Oelwein, Iowa, from the Union Pacific",
"psg_id": "11230772"
},
{
"title": "Griffith Stadium",
"text": "Griffith Stadium Griffith Stadium was a sports stadium that stood in Washington, D.C., from 1911 to 1965, between Georgia Avenue and 5th Street (left field), and between W Street and Florida Avenue NW. An earlier wooden baseball park had been built on the same site in 1891. It was called Boundary Field, or National Park as its occupants were then known primarily by the nickname Nationals. This park was destroyed by a fire in March 1911 and replaced by a steel and concrete structure, also at first called National Park and then American League Park; it was renamed for Washington",
"psg_id": "3327873"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Schock Corp",
"text": "W. D. Schock Corp The W. D. Schock Corporation (usually styled W. D. Schock Corp) is an American boat builder originally based in Corona, California and later in Santa Ana, California. The company specializes in the design and manufacture of fiberglass sailboats. The company was founded by William \"Bill\" D. Schock in 1958. Bill Schock built his first boat at age 13, a Skimmer sailing dinghy constructed in the family garage in Hollywood, California. After his time as a crew chief in the military in the Second World War, he returned home to live in a small beach house in",
"psg_id": "20521723"
},
{
"title": ".32 S&W Long",
"text": "publicized that these rounds would interchange, but in truth it has never been deemed safe to do so. .32 S&W Long The .32 S&W Long, also known as 7.65x23mm, is a straight-walled, centerfire, rimmed handgun cartridge, based on the earlier .32 S&W cartridge. It was introduced in 1896 for Smith & Wesson's first-model Hand Ejector revolver. Colt called it the .32 Colt New Police in revolvers it made chambered for the cartridge. The .32 S&W Long was introduced in 1896 with the company's first hand ejector revolver. The .32 Long is simply a lengthened version of the earlier .32 S&W.",
"psg_id": "3893948"
},
{
"title": ".32 S&W Long",
"text": ".32 S&W Long The .32 S&W Long, also known as 7.65x23mm, is a straight-walled, centerfire, rimmed handgun cartridge, based on the earlier .32 S&W cartridge. It was introduced in 1896 for Smith & Wesson's first-model Hand Ejector revolver. Colt called it the .32 Colt New Police in revolvers it made chambered for the cartridge. The .32 S&W Long was introduced in 1896 with the company's first hand ejector revolver. The .32 Long is simply a lengthened version of the earlier .32 S&W. The hand ejector design has evolved some, but with its swing out cylinder on a crane, has been",
"psg_id": "3893943"
},
{
"title": "D. S. Senanayake Central College",
"text": "streams. In 1969 the school was expanded with an additional of playing fields, which were opened by then Prime Minister Hon.Dudley Senanayake. W. R. Karunarathna became the principal in 1978. The school was promoted to a central college in June 1979 and was renamed the \"D.S Senanayaka Central College\" as a tribute to the country's first Prime Minister, the Hon. D.S. Senanayake. In January 1868 the school was converted into a Cluster - Core School. Currently D. S. Senanayaka Central College has close to 1,800 students enrolled from grade 6 to G.C.E A/L and an academic staff of 125. Students",
"psg_id": "19670756"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Risely Griffith",
"text": "Thomas Risely Griffith Thomas Risely Griffith (born 1848, d. unknown) was a British colonial official. He served as Administrator of the Seychelles from 1889 to 1895. Griffith was an official in British colonial service. He served in the Gambia, where he was Acting Administrator of the Gambia from 27 November 1887 to 6 June 1888. He was appointed as the first Administrator of the Seychelles in February 1889, and served until 1895. During his first six months, Griffith realised that religion was a key social factor for the 16,000 inhabitants of the island, especially in relation to education. His main",
"psg_id": "20794816"
},
{
"title": "Jeremy Griffith",
"text": "with costs the payout was expected to exceed $1 million. The proceedings against the \"Herald\" were resolved when it published an apology to the Foundation in 2009. Although Griffith was not awarded damages in relation to the \"Four Corners\" broadcast, on appeal in 2010 the NSW Court of Appeal found what was said of him was untrue. Jeremy Griffith Jeremy Griffith (born 1945) is an Australian biologist and author. He first came to public attention for his attempts to find the Tasmanian tiger. He later became noted for his writings on the human condition and theories about human progress. He",
"psg_id": "15950426"
},
{
"title": "S&W Cafeteria",
"text": "locations. In 1964, 16 locations were in operation. Into the 1990s, the mainstay clientele were the elderly who appreciated the home-style meals at low prices. In the 1960s Sherrill was under pressure to desegregate S&W Cafeteria and serve all people equally regardless of color. In response to this push Sherrill also received letters supporting the continued segregation of his restaurants. In June 1963 S&W opened its doors to all customers regardless of race. The first Washington, D.C area location opened downtown in 1934; a restaurant in the Washington Building, 1425 G Street, NW at New York Avenue. It was a",
"psg_id": "12432811"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Lowe High School",
"text": "W. D. Lowe High School W. D. Lowe High School (also known as Lowe High School, Lowe Technical School, and Lowe Vocational School) was a public secondary school in downtown Windsor, Ontario from 1921 until 2000. W. D. Lowe High School was located on Giles Boulevard East at Parent Ave. The school began as Walkerville Technical School and was later renamed to Windsor-Walkerville Technical School. The famous playwright, Herman Voaden, taught there during the 1920s. In the 1940s, it was renamed to W. D. Lowe after a former principal of the school, William Duff Lowe. When Lowe's first Grade 13",
"psg_id": "11713805"
},
{
"title": "W. D. H. Baillie",
"text": "W. D. H. Baillie William Douglas Hall Baillie (22 February 1827 – 24 February 1922) was a New Zealand politician. He was known as W. D. H. Baillie and often referred to as Captain Baillie owing to his military background. Baillie was born in 1827 in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. His parents were Thomas Baillie from Scotland and his first wife, Elizabeth (née Monckton-Hall). His parents had married in 1824 in Limerick, Ireland, and later that year, Thomas Baillie had joined the Colonial Office, and had quickly been appointed commissioner of Crown lands and Surveyor General of New Brunswick. Baillie",
"psg_id": "16239102"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Davis",
"text": "in mining ventures in the Northwest. Governor David W. Davis died on August 5, 1959, and was buried at the Cloverdale Cemetery in Boise, Idaho. D. W. Davis David William Davis (April 23, 1873 – August 5, 1959) was the 12th Governor of Idaho, serving from 1919 to 1923. He later served briefly as Commissioner of the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation. From that, he became a Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Department of Interior. Davis was born in Cardiff, Wales. His family immigrated to the United States in 1875, and settled near Rippey, Iowa. Rippey, 35–40 miles",
"psg_id": "2567363"
},
{
"title": "Dunne D.5",
"text": "officially witnessed by the visiting Orville Wright and by Griffith Brewer. During the second flight, Dunne took his hands off the controls for an extended period, while he wrote a note on a piece of paper provided for him by Brewer. This note was the first ever documentary evidence of an aircraft's performance written in flight by the pilot himself. The D.5 was subsequently certified as the first fixed-wing aircraft ever to achieve stable flight. Dunne D.5 The Dunne D.5 was an experimental aircraft built in the United Kingdom in 1910. Designed by J. W. Dunne and built by Short",
"psg_id": "11633664"
},
{
"title": "D. & W. Murray Limited",
"text": "D. & W. Murray Limited D. & W. Murray was a drapers shop in Adelaide founded by brothers David Murray (28 December 1829 – 6 January 1907) and William Mackintosh Murray (c. 1831 – 25 November 1920), which became the wholesale draper D. & W. Murray Limited, with warehouses in three States, then Goode, Durrant & Murray second in importance only to G. & R. Wills. The Murray brothers were born in Anstruther, Fife, Scotland, sons of William Murray. They had some experience in the retail and wholesale drapery trade, which included supplying retailers in the young colony of South",
"psg_id": "20051321"
},
{
"title": "Griffith Ridge",
"text": "Cape Adare. Griffith Ridge Griffith Ridge () is a rock ridge long in the Bowers Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica, located just within the mouth of Champness Glacier, where the latter joins the larger Lillie Glacier. This geographical feature was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–62, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Harry G. Griffith, U.S. Navy, public works officer at McMurdo Station, Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island, 1967. This ridge lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape",
"psg_id": "15055577"
},
{
"title": "Griffith Ridge",
"text": "Griffith Ridge Griffith Ridge () is a rock ridge long in the Bowers Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica, located just within the mouth of Champness Glacier, where the latter joins the larger Lillie Glacier. This geographical feature was first mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–62, and was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Lieutenant Harry G. Griffith, U.S. Navy, public works officer at McMurdo Station, Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island, 1967. This ridge lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and",
"psg_id": "15055576"
},
{
"title": "Rhiana Griffith",
"text": "be directed by JD Cohen. Griffith has a daughter, Poppy, born in 2009. Rhiana Griffith Rhiana Jade Griffith (born 16 April 1985) is an Australian actress, artist and model. Griffith was born in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. She began modeling as a child, doing runway work and catalogue ads, and progressed from there to television commercials. From there, she got her first guest-starring role on the Australian medical drama \"Children's Hospital\", and won her first film role, as Mercia in the 1998 film \"15 Amore\". Shortly thereafter, she won ModelQuest98's Grand Final for the 12-to-15 division,",
"psg_id": "10154816"
},
{
"title": "Rhiana Griffith",
"text": "Rhiana Griffith Rhiana Jade Griffith (born 16 April 1985) is an Australian actress, artist and model. Griffith was born in the Hunter Region of New South Wales, Australia. She began modeling as a child, doing runway work and catalogue ads, and progressed from there to television commercials. From there, she got her first guest-starring role on the Australian medical drama \"Children's Hospital\", and won her first film role, as Mercia in the 1998 film \"15 Amore\". Shortly thereafter, she won ModelQuest98's Grand Final for the 12-to-15 division, and was cast as \"Jack\" in the science fiction film \"Pitch Black\". Griffith",
"psg_id": "10154811"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Jesudoss",
"text": "D. W. Jesudoss D. W. Jesudoss (born 1939) was the Principal from 1992 through 2001 at the Gurukul Lutheran Theological College, Chennai, affiliated to the nation's first University, the Senate of Serampore College (University). Jesudoss graduated from the Gurukul Lutheran Theological College, Madras in 1965 earning a Bachelor of Divinity degree conferred by the Senate of Serampore College (University). Jesudoss enrolled for a postgraduate degree at the United Theological College, Bangalore from 1970-1971, affiliated to the nation's first University, the Senate of Serampore College (University), under the Principalship of Joshua Russell Chandran, studying together with R. Yesurathnam, where he obtained",
"psg_id": "19120807"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Oddy & Company",
"text": "London to Madrid in less than 8 hours. In 1920 Oddy were developing a propeller with variable and reversible pitch. As well as making airscrews for propelling aircraft, W. D. Oddy also built them for other purposes. They saw a future for motor boats driven by aerial propellers and provided a four bladed airscrew for A. E. Guinness' Napier Lion powered boat \"Oma\". Other, smaller Oddy airscrews drove dynamos to provide electrical power. The company disappears from the records after about 1925; it may have been absorbed into Blackburns later. W. D. Oddy & Company W. D. Oddy & Company",
"psg_id": "16288899"
},
{
"title": "D. W. Waters Career Center",
"text": "D. W. Waters Career Center The D. W. Waters Career Center is a magnet high school located in Tampa, Florida. On May 15, 2007, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places as the Old Hillsborough County High School. Built in the city's Tampa Heights neighborhood in 1911 at a cost of $60,000, the old Hillsborough County High School building served what was then the county's only high school. Architect William Potter designed the three story masonry block building as a closed rectangle with an open center (since then it has been almost entirely filled). This was",
"psg_id": "10673770"
},
{
"title": "Coleman Griffith",
"text": "in 1966. Coleman Griffith Coleman Roberts Griffith (May 22, 1893 – February 1966) was an American sport psychologist. Born in Iowa, he is considered the founder of American sport psychology. Griffith studied at Greenville College until 1915, and then studied psychology at the University of Illinois. While at the University of Illinois, Griffith established what he claimed to be the first sports psychology laboratory in the United States. At this time Griffith worked closely with the University of Illinois football team, studying how factors such as psychomotor skills and personality variables related to performance and learning of athletic skills. Due",
"psg_id": "14159667"
},
{
"title": "Coleman Griffith",
"text": "Coleman Griffith Coleman Roberts Griffith (May 22, 1893 – February 1966) was an American sport psychologist. Born in Iowa, he is considered the founder of American sport psychology. Griffith studied at Greenville College until 1915, and then studied psychology at the University of Illinois. While at the University of Illinois, Griffith established what he claimed to be the first sports psychology laboratory in the United States. At this time Griffith worked closely with the University of Illinois football team, studying how factors such as psychomotor skills and personality variables related to performance and learning of athletic skills. Due to financial",
"psg_id": "14159654"
},
{
"title": ".40 S&W",
"text": "to produce a new cartridge, the .40 S&W. It uses a small pistol primer whereas the 10 mm cartridge uses a large pistol primer. The .40 S&W cartridge debuted January 17, 1990, along with the new Smith & Wesson Model 4006 pistol, although it was several months before the pistols were available for purchase. Austrian manufacturer Glock Ges.m.b.H. beat Smith & Wesson to the dealer shelves in 1990, with pistols chambered in .40 S&W (the Glock 22 and Glock 23) which were announced a week before the 4006. Glock's rapid introduction was aided by its engineering of a pistol chambered",
"psg_id": "2812163"
},
{
"title": "W. D. Snodgrass",
"text": "stage was performed in the 1980s. The other theme was the series written in response to DeLoss McGraw's surrealistic paintings, which eventually grew into a partnership. In these poems, often uproariously rhymed, Snodgrass stood his former confessional style on its head at the same time as satirizing contemporary attitudes. Poetry Prose Drama Anthologies Online poetry links that lead to pieces written by William De Witt Snodgrass: W. D. Snodgrass William De Witt Snodgrass (January 5, 1926 – January 13, 2009) was an American poet who also wrote under the pseudonym S. S. Gardons. He won the 1960 Pulitzer Prize for",
"psg_id": "5225546"
},
{
"title": ".35 S&W Auto",
"text": "obsolete, and ammunition is rare and highly collectible. .35 S&W Auto The .35 Smith & Wesson (S&W) is an obsolete centerfire pistol cartridge developed in 1912 for the newly designed Model 1913 self-loading pocket pistol. The .35 S&W Automatic intended to compete with the Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless .32 ACP and Model 1908 .380 ACP pistols. The .35 caliber name \"implied\" a cartridge of diameter directly between those two popular calibers. In reality, actual bullet diameters were .312 for the .32 ACP and the .35 S&W, and .355 for the .380 ACP. As such, the .35 S&W Auto is",
"psg_id": "14260475"
},
{
"title": ".35 S&W Auto",
"text": ".35 S&W Auto The .35 Smith & Wesson (S&W) is an obsolete centerfire pistol cartridge developed in 1912 for the newly designed Model 1913 self-loading pocket pistol. The .35 S&W Automatic intended to compete with the Colt Model 1903 Pocket Hammerless .32 ACP and Model 1908 .380 ACP pistols. The .35 caliber name \"implied\" a cartridge of diameter directly between those two popular calibers. In reality, actual bullet diameters were .312 for the .32 ACP and the .35 S&W, and .355 for the .380 ACP. As such, the .35 S&W Auto is actually an 8mm round instead of a 9mm",
"psg_id": "14260472"
},
{
"title": "S. D. S. Yogi",
"text": "Kayyam's works into Tamil and the life stories of Mary Magdalene and Ahalya. After becoming well known in the field of literature, Yogi started writing scripts for Tamil films. His first film as script writer - \"Iru Sahodarargal\" (1936) was a success and the literary magazine \"Manikodi\" praised him for his dialogues. He went on to write scripts and song lyrics for a number of Tamil films till the 1950s. He also directed two films - \"Adhirshtam\" (1939) and \"Krishnakumar\" (1941). In 2000, the Government of Tamil Nadu nationalised his works. S. D. S. Yogi S. D. Subramania Yogi, popularly",
"psg_id": "15253988"
}
] | [
"david wark"
] |
"who created the line, ""happiness is a warm puppy?" | [
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Gun",
"text": "just shot something.\" The gun magazine derived the phrase from the bestselling book by \"Peanuts\" cartoonist Charles M. Schulz, \"Happiness is a Warm Puppy\". Lennon said he \"put together three sections of different songs ... it seemed to run through all the different kinds of rock music...\" and described it as a miniature \"history of rock and roll.\" This results in a three-part through-composed structure. The song begins with surreal imagery allegedly taken from an acid trip that Lennon and Derek Taylor experienced, with Taylor contributing the opening lines. The three sections of the song were described by Lennon as",
"psg_id": "4869613"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Gun",
"text": "Happiness Is a Warm Gun \"Happiness Is a Warm Gun\" is a song by the Beatles, featured on the double album \"The Beatles\" (also known as The White Album), which was released on 22 November 1968. Although credited to Lennon–McCartney, it was written by John Lennon. According to Lennon, the title came from a magazine cover that producer George Martin showed him: \"I think he showed me a cover of a magazine that said 'Happiness Is a Warm Gun.' It was a gun magazine. I just thought it was a fantastic, insane thing to say. A warm gun means you",
"psg_id": "4869612"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown",
"text": "The title recalls the 1960s \"Peanuts\" phrase \"Happiness Is a Warm Puppy,\" which became a cultural reference. This special is, so far, the only \"Peanuts\" special to be made in the 2010s, and the only special to be in high definition. The film was announced by one of the hosts at the 2010 84th annual Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade when a Snoopy balloon (in his flying ace outfit) passed by, saying \"Snoopy fans will be happy to know that next year, a new \"Peanuts\" animation will be flying your way.\" The last \"Peanuts\" special had been in 2006. Craig Schulz,",
"psg_id": "15111456"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Gun",
"text": "and I was very sexually oriented then.\" American and British censors were unhappy with the song, and it was banned by the BBC. Happiness Is a Warm Gun \"Happiness Is a Warm Gun\" is a song by the Beatles, featured on the double album \"The Beatles\" (also known as The White Album), which was released on 22 November 1968. Although credited to Lennon–McCartney, it was written by John Lennon. According to Lennon, the title came from a magazine cover that producer George Martin showed him: \"I think he showed me a cover of a magazine that said 'Happiness Is a",
"psg_id": "4869616"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown",
"text": "hours a day”). Later, Grandma Van Pelt arrives, and Linus gives her a wash cloth as a decoy of his blanket. The story ends with Linus trying to get his blanket back after Snoopy steals it, shouting \"AUGH!!\" Frieda, Faron, 5, 3, and 4 have cameo appearances, but are silent. \"Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown\" was released on Blu-ray and DVD March 29, 2011 by Warner Home Video and includes the following special features: Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown is a \"Peanuts\" television special that was released in 2011.",
"psg_id": "15111461"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Gun",
"text": "\"the dirty old man...the junkie...and the gunman.\" \"Happiness Is a Warm Gun\" reportedly is Paul McCartney's and was George Harrison's favourite song on the White Album. Although tensions were high among the band during the album's recording sessions, they reportedly collaborated as a close unit to work out the song's challenging rhythmic and metre issues. Recording of the song began at 7 pm in Studio Two at EMI Studios in London on 23 September 1968, continued over the following two nights, with daytime breaks, and was completed at 5 am on 26 September. Piano, electronic organ and tuba parts in",
"psg_id": "4869614"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Gun",
"text": "this recording are unattributed; the tuba was all but removed through mixing. George Martin was on holiday while this song was recorded, and had left a note asking Chris Thomas to take over as producer. According to Ian MacDonald: Many different interpretations of the song have been offered. Some writers have suggested that the \"warm gun\" could refer to Lennon's sexual desire for Yoko Ono. In his 1980 \"Playboy\" interview Lennon admitted to the double meaning of guns and sexuality but denied that the song had anything to do with drugs: \"that was the beginning of my relationship with Yoko",
"psg_id": "4869615"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is (cartoon)",
"text": "IS...500 Things to be Happy About BOOK 2: FRIENDSHIP IS...500 Reasons to Appreciate Friends BOOK 3: HAPPINESS IS...500 ways to be in the moment BOOK 4: HAPPINESS IS...500 ways to show I love you BOOK 5: HAPPINESS IS...200 things I love about mom BOOK 6: HAPPINESS IS...200 things I love about dad BOOK 7: HAPPINESS IS...200 ways to be creative BOOK 8: HAPPINESS IS...200 celebrations of sisterhood Happiness Is (cartoon) \"Happiness Is...\" is a book and merchandise series based on the cartoon created by New York Times Bestselling authors. Lisa Swerling & Ralph Lazar, which features a collection of single",
"psg_id": "18710797"
},
{
"title": "The Puppy Derby",
"text": "The Puppy Derby The Puppy Derby is a greyhound competition held at Henlow Stadium. The event was held at Wimbledon Stadium from 1929-2016, until the closure of the stadium in 2017 when it switched to Towcester Greyhound Stadium. The event was only held at Towcester for one year because the track closed and the event was switched to Henlow. Other Puppy Derby races have been created by other race tracks including the Midland Puppy Derby and despite some of these races matching or surpassing the original Puppy Derby for prize money at certain times they do not carry the same",
"psg_id": "16627341"
},
{
"title": "Bubble Puppy",
"text": "Clayton Pulley, the original line up of Bubble Puppy was complete. The name \"Bubble Puppy\" was taken from \"Centrifugal Bumble-puppy\", a fictitious children's game in Aldous Huxley's \"Brave New World\". Bubble Puppy's live debut was as the opening act for The Who in San Antonio in 1967. After a few line-up changes (drummer Clayton Pulley being replaced by Craig Root, and the departure of Danny Segovia), the final roster for Bubble Puppy settled at Rod Prince and Todd Potter on lead guitars, Roy Cox on bass guitar, and David \"Fuzzy\" Fore on drums. In the spring of 1967, Bubble Puppy",
"psg_id": "6186428"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is (cartoon)",
"text": "Happiness Is (cartoon) \"Happiness Is...\" is a book and merchandise series based on the cartoon created by New York Times Bestselling authors. Lisa Swerling & Ralph Lazar, which features a collection of single frame images of \"What makes you happy?\" It was launched on Facebook while the couple were living in Sayulita, Mexico, in July 2013. As of September 2018, there were over 10,000 images in the collection, and the Facebook page had over 3.4 million followers. Chronicle Books of San Francisco holds global book publishing rights to the first 8 titles published from 2014 to 2018. BOOK 1: HAPPINESS",
"psg_id": "18710796"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is (film)",
"text": "who is also a producer on his next film, \"The Teller and The Truth\". \"Happiness Is\" examines America's constant struggle to find more happiness as it breaks down the many interpretations of what Thomas Jefferson really meant when he wrote the words \"Life, Liberty and the pursuit of happiness\". Happiness Is (film) Happiness Is is a 2009 documentary film that the examines the different interpretations of the \"pursuit of happiness\" in America. The film features interviews with notable personalities such as the Dalai Lama, Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp as well as happiness authors Daniel Gilbert, Gretchen Rubin and Darrin",
"psg_id": "14876725"
},
{
"title": "Warm Water Under a Red Bridge",
"text": "Warm Water Under a Red Bridge \"Warm Water Under A Red Bridge\" focuses on the troubles of a Japanese \"everyman\" who finds a new life with an unusual woman in a small fishing village. Imamura's last film contains considerable commentary on the search for happiness. This romantic comedy tells the story of a salaryman who has been laid off from his job at an architectural firm in Tokyo and is undergoing marital difficulties. When his old friend dies, he travels to the small fishing town of Himi, Toyama to find a treasure that the old man had hidden in a",
"psg_id": "7956654"
},
{
"title": "IS PATH WARM?",
"text": "signs, and that increased confidence in the perceived ability to recognize suicide risk is not related to actual ability to accurately recall warning signs.\"In summary, the limited research available regarding the educational utility of the \"IS PATH WARM\" mnemonic shows a negative impact on ability to recognize warning signs for suicide, combined with a mistaken sense of confidence in one's ability to do so. IS PATH WARM? IS PATH WARM? is an acronym utilized as a mnemonic device. It was created by the American Association of Suicidology to help counselors and the general public \"remember the warning signs of suicide.\"",
"psg_id": "14055094"
},
{
"title": "IS PATH WARM?",
"text": "IS PATH WARM? IS PATH WARM? is an acronym utilized as a mnemonic device. It was created by the American Association of Suicidology to help counselors and the general public \"remember the warning signs of suicide.\" Reviews from the psychiatric literature regarding the \"IS PATH WARM\" mnemonic have been mixed. Several studies have confirmed that some of the acronym's warning signs are associated with suicidal ideation. A study compared 215 postings on an online \"suicide forum\" with 94 postings on a \"self-injury forum.\" They found that posters in the 'suicide forum' were more likely than those in the 'self-injury forum'",
"psg_id": "14055089"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Dog Pals",
"text": "Puppy Dog Pals Puppy Dog Pals (previously titled Puppy Dog Tails) is an American computer-animated children's television series created by Harland Williams. The series debuted on Disney Junior and Disney Channel in the United States on April 14, 2017. On August 24, 2017, Disney Junior renewed the series for a second season, which premiered on October 12, 2018. On September 7, 2018, a third season was commissioned. \"Puppy Dog Pals\" is about brothers Bingo and Rolly, two pug puppies who have fun traveling around their neighborhood and the world when their owner Bob leaves home. They also have a tabby",
"psg_id": "19722318"
},
{
"title": "The Pigeon Wants a Puppy!",
"text": "The Pigeon Wants a Puppy! The Pigeon Wants a Puppy! is a 2008 picture book by Mo Willems about a pigeon that really wants a puppy, but on receiving the animal has second thoughts. \"BookList\", reviewing \"The Pigeon Wants a Puppy!\", wrote \" Willems skillfully executes the formula that made previous Pigeon titles so popular: minimal artwork that places all the attention on the cajoling little bird, whose words and body language will strike a chord of familiarity with every child. Once again, kids will reach the story's end wondering what Pigeon will want next.\" and the \"School Library Journal\"",
"psg_id": "20110589"
},
{
"title": "Tekno the Robotic Puppy",
"text": "and dances on a robotic scooter. Sakura comes with a robotic scooter, remote, key with keychain, and boquet. The 2007 release in the Tekno and Friends Pet line was a beagle. It was controlled by remote and comes with a magnetic ball or bone. The 2007 release in the Tekno and Friends Pet line were puppy, kitten, elephant, and monkey. The puppy comes with the bone, kitty comes with the mouse, elephant comes with the haystack, and the monkey comes with the banana. The 2015 release in the Tekno and Friends Pet line were only a puppy and a kitty.",
"psg_id": "16559287"
},
{
"title": "Warm Water Under a Red Bridge",
"text": "house there decades before. He does not find what he expects, but takes a job with local fishermen and becomes romantically involved with a woman with an exaggerated proclivity towards female ejaculation. Warm Water Under a Red Bridge \"Warm Water Under A Red Bridge\" focuses on the troubles of a Japanese \"everyman\" who finds a new life with an unusual woman in a small fishing village. Imamura's last film contains considerable commentary on the search for happiness. This romantic comedy tells the story of a salaryman who has been laid off from his job at an architectural firm in Tokyo",
"psg_id": "7956655"
},
{
"title": "Skinny Puppy",
"text": "bass synth and backing vocals. Like Ogre and Key before him, Leeb created a stage name, Wilhelm Schroeder; \"my real name is Wilhelm\" said Leeb, \"Schroeder we picked out from the guy playing the piano in the Charlie Brown cartoon\". Skinny Puppy released their second EP, \"Remission\" in December 1984, almost a year following \"Back & Forth\". \"Remission\" marked the first time Skinny Puppy would collaborate with artist Steven Gilmore, who created the album artwork. The EP was initially only released in vinyl, but was later given a cassette release in 1985. According to Nettwerk promoter George Maniatis, \"Remission\" \"grabbed",
"psg_id": "1459652"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is Coming",
"text": "Happiness Is Coming Happiness Is Coming () is an upcoming Chinese comedy film produced by Huang Jianxin and co-directed and co-written by Feng Gong. The film stars Feng Gong, Tu Songyan and Niu Li. The film was slated for release on June 8, 2018 in China. \"Happiness Is Coming\" is Feng Gong's third film, ten years later after \"Eat Hot Tofu Slowly\" (2005) and \"A Big Potato\" (2007). In order to deduce the real response of the character in critical circumstances, Feng Gong, who is 60 years old, still persists in not having to be a substitute, whether in a",
"psg_id": "20725393"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is in the Field",
"text": "his convalescence, his family watch a reality television show about long-lost relationships and disappearances called \"Où es-tu?\" (\"Where are you?\") featuring Spanish-born Dolorès Thivart and her daughters \"Zig\" and \"Puce\", producers of foie gras from Condom, who seek their husband and father, Michel, who vanished 27 years ago. Michel Thivart happens to be Francis's exact lookalike… Eddy Mitchell received the 1996 César Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in the film. Happiness Is in the Field Happiness Is in the Field (French: \"Le bonheur est dans le pré\") is a French comedy directed by Étienne",
"psg_id": "6074622"
},
{
"title": "Happiness is Camping",
"text": "activities with the campers, allowing them to interact outside of a hospital setting. The Health Center is equipped to handle 24-hour-a-day, ongoing care. The Health Center also serves children requiring chemotherapy and those at risk of bleeding and infection. Happiness is Camping Happiness is Camping is a non-profit ACA-accredited overnight camp for kids with cancer, ages 6–15, and their siblings. The camp is located on 145 acres in Hardwick, New Jersey, United States. Happiness is Camping is free to all who attend, and is recognized by the IRS as a 501(c) (3) organization. Founded by Murray Struver, the camp originally",
"psg_id": "8062000"
},
{
"title": "Happiness is Camping",
"text": "Happiness is Camping Happiness is Camping is a non-profit ACA-accredited overnight camp for kids with cancer, ages 6–15, and their siblings. The camp is located on 145 acres in Hardwick, New Jersey, United States. Happiness is Camping is free to all who attend, and is recognized by the IRS as a 501(c) (3) organization. Founded by Murray Struver, the camp originally served as a retreat for inner-city kids to spend time in the country. The camp's focus changed when the daughter of Struver's close friend was unable to attend because she was diagnosed with cancer. After testing for a week",
"psg_id": "8061997"
},
{
"title": "The Puppy Sister",
"text": "still smell love. The Puppy Sister The Puppy Sister is a short juvenile novel written by S. E. Hinton and published in 1995. The story revolves around Aleasha, a tricolor Australian Shepherd puppy who realises that the only way to really feel like a member of her new family is to become human. Aleasha begins a gradual, physical transformation from puppy to human child, trying to get used to both her new outward appearance as well as the struggle to actually feel more human. The story is based on her dog (Aleasha) and son's (Nick) relationship. A graphic novel based",
"psg_id": "8891235"
},
{
"title": "The Puppy Sister",
"text": "The Puppy Sister The Puppy Sister is a short juvenile novel written by S. E. Hinton and published in 1995. The story revolves around Aleasha, a tricolor Australian Shepherd puppy who realises that the only way to really feel like a member of her new family is to become human. Aleasha begins a gradual, physical transformation from puppy to human child, trying to get used to both her new outward appearance as well as the struggle to actually feel more human. The story is based on her dog (Aleasha) and son's (Nick) relationship. A graphic novel based on this story",
"psg_id": "8891229"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is the Road",
"text": "a Harmonium, French Horns and even Sleigh bells, a Harp and Zither.\" The title track \"Happiness Is the Road\" was inspired by Eckhart Tolle's book \"The Power of Now\". The album's artwork was created by the Spanish artist Antonio Seijas in co-operation with Marillion's long-time designer Carl Glover. It is available in various formats: Two separate jewel case CDs, high-quality (256 kbit/s) download (by purchasing \"Front Row Club\" credits at their web page), standard-quality download (128 kbit/s) (legally available on file-sharing networks), and a \"deluxe campaign edition\" containing both CDs and special artwork (see below). In most of the world,",
"psg_id": "11689082"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Linux",
"text": "was created that restores some of the lost compatibility. Puppy 5 is based on a project called Woof which is designed to assemble a Puppy Linux distribution from the packages of other Linux distributions. Woof includes some binaries and software derived from Ubuntu, Debian, Slackware, T2 SDE, or Arch repositories. Puppy 5 came with a stripped down version of the Midori browser to be used for reading help files and a choice of web browsers to be installed, including Chromium, Firefox, SeaMonkey Internet Suite, Iron and Opera. Puppy 6 is built from Ubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr packages, has binary compatibility",
"psg_id": "3842085"
},
{
"title": "Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet",
"text": "Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet \"Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet\" is one of the best remembered British advertising campaigns for a tobacco product. It was a long-running campaign for Hamlet Cigars, lasting on television until all tobacco advertising on television was banned in the UK in 1991. They returned in cinemas in 1996, continuing there until 1999, with the final commemorative advert and the modified tagline, \"Happiness will always be a cigar called Hamlet.\" Commercials used an excerpt from a jazz rendition of Bach's Air on the G String, played by Jacques Loussier and his trio, which is",
"psg_id": "8463759"
},
{
"title": "T.U.F.F. Puppy",
"text": "the Target exclusive of \"It's A SpongeBob Christmas!\" included the Christmas episodes of those shows on a bonus disc. Following the show's premiere, the series received mixed reviews. The series premiere of \"T.U.F.F. Puppy\" drew 3.6 million viewers. The series has won two Daytime Emmys and two Annie Awards. T.U.F.F. Puppy T.U.F.F. Puppy is an American action animated comedy children's television series created by Butch Hartman for Nickelodeon. It premiered on October 2, 2010 at 11:00 a.m., on Nickelodeon along with \"Planet Sheen\", which premiered an hour earlier. \"T.U.F.F. Puppy\" is Butch Hartman's third animated series for Nickelodeon, after \"The",
"psg_id": "14923410"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is (film)",
"text": "Happiness Is (film) Happiness Is is a 2009 documentary film that the examines the different interpretations of the \"pursuit of happiness\" in America. The film features interviews with notable personalities such as the Dalai Lama, Willie Nelson and John Mellencamp as well as happiness authors Daniel Gilbert, Gretchen Rubin and Darrin McMahon. It's the second film from director and writer Andrew Shapter. \"Happiness Is\" is a road trip documentary that explores American's “pursuit of happiness”. It is the second film from Andrew Shapter, director of the popular music documentary, \"Before the Music Dies\" and his first with producer, Tracy Marino,",
"psg_id": "14876724"
},
{
"title": "Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet",
"text": "ITV list made in 2005 and as the third funniest television advertisement ever by Campaign Live in 2008. Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet \"Happiness is a cigar called Hamlet\" is one of the best remembered British advertising campaigns for a tobacco product. It was a long-running campaign for Hamlet Cigars, lasting on television until all tobacco advertising on television was banned in the UK in 1991. They returned in cinemas in 1996, continuing there until 1999, with the final commemorative advert and the modified tagline, \"Happiness will always be a cigar called Hamlet.\" Commercials used an excerpt from a",
"psg_id": "8463762"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Four-letter Word",
"text": "Happiness Is a Four-letter Word Happiness is a Four-letter Word is a 2016 South African romantic drama film directed by Thabang Moleya and written by Busisiwe Ntintili. Based on the novel of the same name by Nozizwe Cynthia Jele, the film tells the story of three friends trying to find their happiness while maintaining images of success and acceptability. The film revolves around three women. Glamorous trophy housewife Zaza, played by Khanyi Mbau, seems to be living the new South African dream of money, success, and loving partners. Lawyer and compulsive perfectionist Nandi, played by Mmabatho Montsho, whose life from",
"psg_id": "19385360"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Four-letter Word",
"text": "\"Trumbo\". It was ranked at number 3 on the Top 10 after \"Deadpool\" and \"Vir Altyd\". Mario Dos Santos, CEO of Ster-Kinekor Entertainment, said: \"The opening weekend's results for the film are simply overwhelming not only from local content perspective but also in comparison to Hollywood content.\" Happiness Is a Four-letter Word received critical acclaimed from its critics. The movie received a 97% approval rating from Metacritic. Happiness Is a Four-letter Word Happiness is a Four-letter Word is a 2016 South African romantic drama film directed by Thabang Moleya and written by Busisiwe Ntintili. Based on the novel of the",
"psg_id": "19385363"
},
{
"title": "Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont line",
"text": "extend to Santa Clara station. Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont line The Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont line (formerly the Richmond–Fremont line) is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) line in the San Francisco Bay Area that runs from Warm Springs/South Fremont station to Richmond station. It has 19 stations in Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Hayward, Union City, and Fremont. It is the only of the five mainline BART services that does not run through the Transbay Tube to San Francisco; however, it shares tracks with the four other services in the East Bay. The line is colored orange on maps;",
"psg_id": "5430624"
},
{
"title": "Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont line",
"text": "Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont line The Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont line (formerly the Richmond–Fremont line) is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) line in the San Francisco Bay Area that runs from Warm Springs/South Fremont station to Richmond station. It has 19 stations in Richmond, El Cerrito, Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Hayward, Union City, and Fremont. It is the only of the five mainline BART services that does not run through the Transbay Tube to San Francisco; however, it shares tracks with the four other services in the East Bay. The line is colored orange on maps; however, BART does not use",
"psg_id": "5430622"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Tale",
"text": "Jerry and the pup come to Tom's rescue and drag Tom out of the river. Jerry heats up a can of soup and feeds it to the unconscious Tom, but when it fails to rouse him, the puppy licks him and he awakens. Tom gives the pup his own bed and a bowl of milk. The puppy calls his siblings and they share the milk as Tom and Jerry look on happily. Laserdisc DVD Puppy Tale Puppy Tale is the 80th one-reel animated \"Tom and Jerry\" short, created in 1953 directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by",
"psg_id": "10248203"
},
{
"title": "Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch",
"text": "but criticized the vocals, saying \"Raine Maida's overexposed falsetto is grating enough to send borderline psychotics over the edge.\" The songs on \"Happiness...\" focus on a lighter melody, often following vocalist Raine Maida's extreme range of octaves sung in a falsetto-like manner. He could travel from one octave to another with ease and very smoothly. This created a very surreal effect to the songs, best shown on songs like \"Happiness & the Fish\", \"Blister\" and \"Lying Awake\", much like \"Big Dumb Rocket\" from \"Clumsy\". The overall sound was quite a departure from their first album, \"Naveed\", featuring very toned-down guitars",
"psg_id": "5647160"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Dog Pals",
"text": "cat sister figure named Hissy, and a robot dog named Autodoggy Robotic Friend or ARF. The series premiered on Disney Junior on April 14, 2017 in the U.S. and in Canada on April 23, 2017. \"Playtime with Puppy Dog Pals\" aired on Tiny Pop to advertise season 2 with the new puppy, Keia. Note: Beginning with this season, episode title cards have been discontinued, but they are still heard. Home media is distributed by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment. Puppy Dog Pals Puppy Dog Pals (previously titled Puppy Dog Tails) is an American computer-animated children's television series created by Harland",
"psg_id": "19722319"
},
{
"title": "IS PATH WARM?",
"text": "to express suicidal ideation, purposelessness, feeling trapped, and social withdrawal. (However, they were less likely than those in the self-injury forum to express recklessness.) The study concluded that individuals who exhibit \"IS PATH WARM\" warning signs were more likely to have suicidal ideation. However, the psychiatric literature has been critical of the \"IS PATH WARM\" mnemonic's value in predicting suicidal \"behavior\". A white paper prepared for the United States Fire Service's \"Suicide and Depression Summit\" stated that the acronym's \"utility has been hampered by both limited sensitivity and weak specificity.\" A 2011 study was also critical of \"IS PATH WARM\"'s",
"psg_id": "14055090"
},
{
"title": "World Happiness Council",
"text": "and tools. The Happiness Policy Manual is one such tool created to aid the integration of happiness into policy. Other officials in the program include the CEO of Happiness and Positivity in the Private Sector, who works with the Wharton School of Business, who is tasked with aiding the integration of happiness into government entities, as well as 60 Chief Happiness and Positivity Officers who work in various governmental offices. The Minister of the State of Happiness H. E. Sheikha Ohood bint Khalfan Al Roumi convenes a Dialogue for Global Happiness, an invitation only event that is part of the",
"psg_id": "20172409"
},
{
"title": "Mist: The Tale of a Sheepdog Puppy",
"text": "moment. Narrator: Derek Jacobi The Boss: David Kennard Mist: The Tale of a Sheepdog Puppy Mist: The Tale of a Sheepdog Puppy is a British family television film following the life of a border collie puppy as she grows up to become a working Herding dog. Part fiction, part documentary, it was filmed by real-life shepherd David Kennard on his farm in Devon. It features his seven working dogs - the puppy Mist, her gentle mother Gail, grandfather 'Sir' Gregory, eccentric, bubbly, hyper uncle Jake, sour and negative great-auntie Fern, gruff, tough cousin Ernie and wise auntie Swift. The dogs",
"psg_id": "11741873"
},
{
"title": "Mist: The Tale of a Sheepdog Puppy",
"text": "Mist: The Tale of a Sheepdog Puppy Mist: The Tale of a Sheepdog Puppy is a British family television film following the life of a border collie puppy as she grows up to become a working Herding dog. Part fiction, part documentary, it was filmed by real-life shepherd David Kennard on his farm in Devon. It features his seven working dogs - the puppy Mist, her gentle mother Gail, grandfather 'Sir' Gregory, eccentric, bubbly, hyper uncle Jake, sour and negative great-auntie Fern, gruff, tough cousin Ernie and wise auntie Swift. The dogs are voiced by artists including Mel Giedroyc, Brian",
"psg_id": "11741864"
},
{
"title": "A Dissertation Concerning the End for Which God Created the World",
"text": "was the end for which God created the world. Edwards instead puts forth the idea that the reason for God's creation of the world was not human happiness, but the magnification of his own glory and name. Edwards then continues to argue that since true happiness comes from God alone, human happiness is an extension of God's glory, and that there are \"ultimate\" ends and \"chief\" ends, but they all end at the same conclusion. Edwards, like in \"Virtue\", discusses how there is no true happiness without being happy in God. Modern day evangelicals such as John Piper still use",
"psg_id": "13772969"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Games",
"text": "Puppy Games Puppy Games is an independent games studio based in the UK. They describe their game style as \"neo-retro arcade games\". Puppy Games is a corporation that was founded in 2002 by Caspian Prince and Chaz Willets as a part-time project, before becoming full-time in 2010 with the release of \"Revenge of the Titans\". Justin \"Allicorn\" Burt joined the company in 2011. Several of the games created by the studio are remakes of classic arcade games with modern graphics, new settings, and additional gameplay elements such as upgrades. However, their highest rated game, \"Revenge of the Titans\", is an",
"psg_id": "12282213"
},
{
"title": "Happiness is Camping",
"text": "with kids with cancer, Happiness is Camping began taking form. Since its founding in 1981, the camp has hosted over 18,000 children from over 25 different hospitals. Happiness is Camping's summer camp program consists of four one-week long sessions held in July. Over the four weeks, the camp hosts nearly 165 kids with cancer and 120 of their siblings. The camp is free to all who attend, and is funded through a combination of private and corporate donations and grants. The camp is staffed by paid counselors and nearly 40 volunteers, including volunteer medical staff from hospitals including Memorial Sloan",
"psg_id": "8061998"
},
{
"title": "Warm Springs/South Fremont–Daly City line",
"text": "planned to eventually extend to Santa Clara station. Warm Springs/South Fremont–Daly City line The Warm Springs/South Fremont–Daly City line (formerly the Fremont–Daly City line) is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) line in the San Francisco Bay Area that runs from Warm Springs/South Fremont station to Daly City station. It has 19 stations in Fremont, Union City, Hayward, San Leandro, Oakland, San Francisco, and Daly City. The line shares tracks with the four other mainline BART services. The line is colored green on maps; however, BART does not use colored names for its services. The line runs until 7 pm",
"psg_id": "5430590"
},
{
"title": "Warm Springs/South Fremont–Daly City line",
"text": "Warm Springs/South Fremont–Daly City line The Warm Springs/South Fremont–Daly City line (formerly the Fremont–Daly City line) is a Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) line in the San Francisco Bay Area that runs from Warm Springs/South Fremont station to Daly City station. It has 19 stations in Fremont, Union City, Hayward, San Leandro, Oakland, San Francisco, and Daly City. The line shares tracks with the four other mainline BART services. The line is colored green on maps; however, BART does not use colored names for its services. The line runs until 7 pm on weekdays and Saturdays. At other times, service",
"psg_id": "5430588"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is the Road",
"text": "Happiness Is the Road Happiness Is the Road is Marillion's 15th studio album, released as two separate album-length volumes respectively titled \"Essence\" and \"The Hard Shoulder\". The overall playing time is 110 minutes (116 including a hidden track), taking it to double album length. According to the band, the album combines their rock sound with \"elements of pop, dub and soul and is influenced by artists as diverse as The Beach Boys and Marvin Gaye to Interpol, The Doors, Traffic, Pink Floyd and David Bowie. The album also sees Marillion experimenting with a host of new instruments including, Dulcimers, Glockenspiels,",
"psg_id": "11689081"
},
{
"title": "T.U.F.F. Puppy",
"text": "T.U.F.F. Puppy T.U.F.F. Puppy is an American action animated comedy children's television series created by Butch Hartman for Nickelodeon. It premiered on October 2, 2010 at 11:00 a.m., on Nickelodeon along with \"Planet Sheen\", which premiered an hour earlier. \"T.U.F.F. Puppy\" is Butch Hartman's third animated series for Nickelodeon, after \"The Fairly OddParents\" and \"Danny Phantom\". The series was cancelled after its 3rd season and aired its final episode on April 4, 2015. In early 2011, the series was renewed for a second season which premiered on May 13, 2012. The first two seasons consist of 26 episodes each, and",
"psg_id": "14923406"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is the Road",
"text": "by Steve Hogarth Track 12 is listed as Half-Empty Jam on the download version, but was changed just prior to the CD release of the album. This could be seen as a play on words, as the lyrics of the song begin with \"I used to be half empty, but now I'm half full...\" Track 11 does not appear on the download version. Side one Side two Side three Side four Side one Side two Side three Side four Happiness Is the Road Happiness Is the Road is Marillion's 15th studio album, released as two separate album-length volumes respectively titled",
"psg_id": "11689088"
},
{
"title": "A Dissertation Concerning the End for Which God Created the World",
"text": "A Dissertation Concerning the End for Which God Created the World A Dissertation Concerning the End for Which God Created the World is a work by Christian theologian, reformer, author, and pastor Jonathan Edwards that was started in the mid-1750s but not finally published until after his death in 1765. This dissertation was published concurrently with \"The Nature of True Virtue\", and the two works have much in common, specifically the assertion that God's aim in creating the world was not human happiness but his own glory. Edwards argues against the people of his day that claimed that human happiness",
"psg_id": "13772968"
},
{
"title": "Puppy mill",
"text": "\"Puppy Mill Capital of the East\" due to its high volume of puppy mills. Missouri has been labeled the \"Puppy Mill Capital of the U.S.\" by animal welfare and consumer protection groups. A study by the Better Business Bureau concluded that the southwest corner of Missouri is the hub of the nation's puppy mill industry, and termed it the \"national hot spot of the puppy industry.\" The term \"puppy mill\" has been widely used by animal rights groups in protests against breeders who have substandard breeding conditions. Critics in the breeder community claim that emotional rhetoric, sensationalism and pictures of",
"psg_id": "1891313"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is a Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown",
"text": "an Adventure, Charlie Brown\", \"The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show\", and \"A Charlie Brown Celebration\". The special starts with Woodstock following holes dug by Linus, who is looking for his security blanket. In the next scene, Charlie Brown is shown playing baseball with his friends, where Linus is criticized for bringing his blanket. Later, Lucy informs Linus that their grandmother is coming this weekend, and if Linus doesn't get rid of his blanket, it will be cut up into pieces by their grandmother. Meanwhile, Schroeder is playing piano, and Lucy tries to get him to notice her, with her only",
"psg_id": "15111458"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is Coming",
"text": "high altitude of dozens of meters rising and falling, or in a thrilling hopping fight. The audiences mistook him for Jackie Chan. This film was shot entirely in southwest China's Chongqing, in various scenery spots, including Chongqing Jiefang Monument, Twin Towers, Great Hall of the People, Chaotianmen Bridge, Guotai Art Centre, and No. 4 Sun Yat-san Road. On May 14, 2018, the first official trailer for the film was released along with a teaser poster. \"Happiness Is Coming\" was scheduled for release on 8 June 2018 in China. Happiness Is Coming Happiness Is Coming () is an upcoming Chinese comedy",
"psg_id": "20725394"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Bowl",
"text": "include howling, illegal bathing (playing in the water bowl), napping on the field, premature watering of the lawn (urination), \"excessive fertilization\" (defecation), \"neutral bone infraction\" (neutral zone infraction), and \"ineligible retriever downfield\" (ineligible receiver downfield). Three special \"penalty calls\" were introduced in 2015: \"Terrorizing the ref\" (for a puppy who acts aggressively toward the referee), \"paws interference\" (for when a puppy blocks another) and \"Pancaking\" (for when a tired puppy sprawls on the floor instead of playing). Each year, a Most Valuable Puppy (or MVP) is chosen at the end of the show for the puppy considered to be the",
"psg_id": "7045152"
},
{
"title": "Happiness is Camping",
"text": "Kettering Cancer Center and Children's Hospital of Montefiore. Campers choose their activities, including zip lining, dodgeball, art and crafts, archery, climbing, and swimming. Facilities include nine cabins, a gym, a pool, an office building, the Health Center, an arts and crafts room, a cafeteria, a rock climbing wall, and a zip line that runs above a small lake on the property. All buildings on the property are temperature controlled and handicap accessible. Happiness is Camping’s medical staff includes volunteer physicians and nurses from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Children's Hospital of Montefiore. These physicians and nurses also participate in",
"psg_id": "8061999"
},
{
"title": "Skinny Puppy",
"text": "took place as planned, and began on October 30. In October 2010, there were reports that the new Skinny Puppy album would be released in February 2011. In May 2011, Skinny Puppy announced that they finished recording a new album titled \"HanDover\", and that they are soliciting it to other record labels for a September 2011 release date. On August 27, 2011, HanDover was officially confirmed as having an October 25, 2011, release in the United States and an October 28, 2011, release in Europe. Steven R Gilmore created the artwork for the album once again. Skinny Puppy were scheduled",
"psg_id": "1459695"
},
{
"title": "Skinny Puppy",
"text": "Images in Vogue, and began Skinny Puppy with the intention of doing something more compelling and experimental. Images in Vogue had become a popular act in Vancouver, achieving several radio hits and opening for groups such as Duran Duran, Depeche Mode, and Roxy Music. Initially Crompton had planned Skinny Puppy to be a side project while he continued his work in Images in Vogue; however, when Images in Vogue later relocated to Toronto, Crompton made Skinny Puppy his full-time project. Crompton had already created the name for the project and recorded several songs when he asked Kevin Graham Ogilvie to",
"psg_id": "1459647"
},
{
"title": "Warm Springs/South Fremont–Daly City line",
"text": "is provided by the Richmond–Warm Springs/South Fremont line and the Dublin/Pleasanton–Daly City line, with timed transfers at Bay Fair station. The Fremont–Daly City line was the third of BART's five rapid transit lines to open. Service began when the Transbay Tube opened on September 16, 1974. The extension to Warm Springs/South Fremont station opened on March 25, 2017. Until September 10, 2018, Saturday service on the line only ran to Fremont station. A further extension to Berryessa/North San José station as part of the Silicon Valley extension project is projected to open at the end of 2019. The line is",
"psg_id": "5430589"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is Dean Martin",
"text": "Happiness Is Dean Martin Happiness Is Dean Martin is a 1967 studio album by Dean Martin arranged by Ernie Freeman and Bill Justis. This was the first of two albums that Martin released in 1967. He had released five albums in 1966, as well as appearing in his television show and starring in three films. Martin's eight previous singles had been Top 40 hits between 1964 and 1966; three tracks from this album, \"Nobody's Baby Again\", \"(Open Up the Door) Let the Good Times In,\" and \"Lay Some Happiness on Me,\" had previously been released as singles. \"Happiness Is Dean",
"psg_id": "17104457"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is in the Field",
"text": "Happiness Is in the Field Happiness Is in the Field (French: \"Le bonheur est dans le pré\") is a French comedy directed by Étienne Chatiliez in 1995. Francis Bergeade, owner of a toilet seats and brushes factory in Dole, has just turned 65 and his life is a misery. Tax services are harassing him, his snobby wife Nicole despises him, and his daughter wants an expensive wedding. Francis knows only moments of relief while lunching and dining in fancy restaurants with his best friend, car dealer Gérard. Stress become overwhelming and he suffers an attack from a blocked nerve. During",
"psg_id": "6074621"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Linux",
"text": "releases. Most users rely on the active, friendly forum for support.\" He also noted \"Those of us who enjoy computers sometimes forget that many view them with disdain. What's wrong with it now? Why do I have to buy a new one every four years? Why on earth do they change the interface in every release? Can't it just work? Puppy is a great solution for these folks. It's up-to-date, free, and easy to use. And now, it supports free applications from the Ubuntu, Slackware, or Puppy repositories. Now that's user-friendly.\" Puppy Linux Puppy Linux is an operating system and",
"psg_id": "3842101"
},
{
"title": "Snarky Puppy",
"text": "Snarky Puppy Snarky Puppy is a Brooklyn-based \"...fusion-influenced jam band...\" led by bassist, composer, and producer Michael League. Snarky Puppy combines jazz, rock, and funk and has won three Grammy Awards. Although the group has since included vocalists and has backed singers, League once described Snarky Puppy as \"a pop band that improvises a lot, without vocals\". The band was formed by Michael League in Denton, Texas, in 2004 and comprises \"...a wide-ranging assemblage of musicians known affectionately as 'the Fam'...\", about 40 players who perform on guitar, bass, keyboards, woodwinds, brass, strings, drums, and percussion. Many band members were",
"psg_id": "15059296"
},
{
"title": "Is This the World We Created...?",
"text": "B minor, but the recording sounds one semitone lower. The song was performed at Live Aid as an encore, with additional instruments and arrangements in the last part; changes was present also in the vocal line. A month before their Live Aid appearance, \"Is This the World We Created…?\" was Queen's contribution to the multi-artist compilation \"Greenpeace – The Album\". Is This the World We Created...? \"Is This the World We Created...?\" is a song by the British rock band Queen, which was originally released on their eleventh studio album \"The Works\" in 1984. The song was played at every",
"psg_id": "10917051"
},
{
"title": "Bubble Puppy",
"text": "Bubble Puppy Bubble Puppy (also known as The Bubble Puppy) is an American psychedelic rock band originally active from 1967 to 1972. They are best remembered for their Top 20 hit, \"Hot Smoke & Sasafrass\". Bubble Puppy was formed in 1966 in San Antonio, Texas, by Rod Prince and Roy Cox who had previously performed together in the rock group called The Bad Seeds. Looking to form a \"top gun rock band\" based on the concept of dual lead guitars, Prince and Cox recruited Todd Potter, an Austin, Texas, gymnast, saxophonist and guitarist. With the addition of Danny Segovia and",
"psg_id": "6186427"
},
{
"title": "Bubble Puppy",
"text": "show, since reformation, will be May 18, 2018 in San Antonio. Bubble Puppy Bubble Puppy (also known as The Bubble Puppy) is an American psychedelic rock band originally active from 1967 to 1972. They are best remembered for their Top 20 hit, \"Hot Smoke & Sasafrass\". Bubble Puppy was formed in 1966 in San Antonio, Texas, by Rod Prince and Roy Cox who had previously performed together in the rock group called The Bad Seeds. Looking to form a \"top gun rock band\" based on the concept of dual lead guitars, Prince and Cox recruited Todd Potter, an Austin, Texas,",
"psg_id": "6186437"
},
{
"title": "Blue Puppy",
"text": "word \"goluboy\" (\"blue\") is the modern Russian slang term for gay. This misconception was helped along by some of the quotes from the songs in the movie, for example, when the Blue Puppy is teased by the other dogs: \"You are blue! You are blue! We don't want to play with you!\" or in the subsequent song by the Puppy, which has the line, \"I am hurt by an evil fate, oh, why am I blue?\" However, the additional connotation to the Russian word \"blue\" is a recent phenomenon, and writer Yuri Entin has pointed out that he never thought",
"psg_id": "10923056"
},
{
"title": "Skinny Puppy",
"text": "the group. Key described Skinny Puppy as the antithesis of \"the Bruce Springsteen mentality of music\", rejecting \"Top 40 conformity\". Toronto based music journalist and DJ Greg Clow recalled Michael Williams, who was a VJ for MuchMusic, introducing him to Skinny Puppy, describing them as \"Canada's answer to Depeche Mode\". In 1986, Nettwerk made a distribution deal with Capitol Records, allowing Skinny Puppy and others in Nettwerk's roster to expand their respective audiences. Capitol manager Stephen Powers stated that signing groups such as Skinny Puppy gave the company \"a real credibility\" with the alternative and college music scenes. Skinny Puppy",
"psg_id": "1459655"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Tale",
"text": "Puppy Tale Puppy Tale is the 80th one-reel animated \"Tom and Jerry\" short, created in 1953 directed by William Hanna and Joseph Barbera and produced by Fred Quimby with music by Scott Bradley. The cartoon was animated by Kenneth Muse, Ed Barge and Irven Spence, with backgrounds by John Didrik Johnsen. It was released on January 23, 1954 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. An automobile throws a sack off the edge of a bridge into a river and drives away. When Jerry retrieves the bag and opens it, its contents are revealed; a litter of puppies runs out of the bag, with one",
"psg_id": "10248199"
},
{
"title": "The Cyanide & Happiness Show",
"text": "The Cyanide & Happiness Show The Cyanide & Happiness Show is an animated comedy web series created by Rob DenBleyker, Dave McElfatrick, Matt Melvin and Kris Wilson, based on their webcomic \"Cyanide & Happiness\". Each episode consists of a few short stories that have little to no connection to each other (with the exception of six episodes from Season 3, which were a story arc). The creators described the goal of each episode to be \"to extract the human excretion known as laughter from your face hole via fast-paced weird comedy.\" \"The Cyanide & Happiness Show\" was funded through a",
"psg_id": "18533506"
},
{
"title": "The Poky Little Puppy",
"text": "and rewards them with strawberry shortcake. The Poky Little Puppy not only arrives too late to get any strawberry shortcake, but is forced to squeeze between the fence boards since the hole has been filled in. The book concludes with Poky Little Puppy going to bed without a bite and feeling \"very sorry for himself.\" The next day there is a sign outside that says \"NO DESSERTS EVER UNLESS PUPPIES NEVER DIG HOLES UNDER THIS FENCE AGAIN!\" In the 1980s a short-lived plush Poky was released, but did not sell well. The Poky Little Puppy The Poky Little Puppy is",
"psg_id": "6120682"
},
{
"title": "Philosophy of happiness",
"text": "final happiness consists in a supernatural union with God. As such, man’s happiness does not consist of wealth, status, pleasure, or in any created good at all. Most goods do not have a necessary connection to happiness, since the ultimate object of man’s will, can only be found in God, who is the source of all good. Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592) was a French philosopher. Influenced by Aristotelianism and Christianity, alongside the conviction of the separation of public and private spheres of life, Montaigne writes that happiness is a subjective state of mind and that satisfaction differs from person to",
"psg_id": "15544307"
},
{
"title": "Blue Puppy",
"text": "island and using the Black Cat, kidnaps the Blue Puppy. Along comes the Good Sailor, who always helps ones in trouble and does good things. As the Sailor sails the sea, the Black Cat tells him about the abduction of the Puppy. The Sailor decides to rescue the puppy and begins chasing the Pirate; the Pirate eventually attacks the Seaman with a sawfish which sinks the Sailor's ship. The Pirate ties the Seaman and the Puppy together with shackles, but the Puppy manages to free both himself and the Sailor. Meanwhile, the Pirate and the Black Cat are celebrating their",
"psg_id": "10923053"
},
{
"title": "The Poky Little Puppy",
"text": "The Poky Little Puppy The Poky Little Puppy is a children's book written by Janette Sebring Lowrey and illustrated by Gustaf Tenggren. It was first published in 1942 as one of the first twelve books in the Simon & Schuster series Little Golden Books. The copyright was renewed in October 1969. The Poky Little Puppy is a story about five puppies of undetermined breed. \"The Poky Little Puppy\" was the single all-time best-selling hardcover children's book in the U.S., having sold nearly 15 million copies. While the book has outsold many other famous books such as Dr. Seuss' \"Green Eggs",
"psg_id": "6120679"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is Easy",
"text": "references to recent news stories at the time of recording, and so, \"Książę życia umiera\" is about George Best's \"Don't die like me\" message. \"W deszczu maleńkich żółtych kwiatów\" is notable as the first Myslovitz song to feature a female vocal, with Maria Peszek singing in duet with Artur Rojek. \"Ściąć wysokie drzewa\" refers to the Hotel Rwanda movie - the title translates as \"cut down tall trees\" - a coded message broadcast by Hutu-friendlty TV stations, starting the Tutsi massacre. Happiness Is Easy Happiness Is Easy (released on 19 May, 2006) is the eighth studio album by Polish alternative",
"psg_id": "9116873"
},
{
"title": "Skinny Puppy",
"text": "project outside Skinny Puppy is ohGr, which has released four albums, \"Welt\" (2001), \"SunnyPsyOp\" (2003), \"Devils in my Details\" (2008), and \"UnDeveloped\" (2011). In the mid-nineties, Ogre and producer Martin Atkins created the project known as Rx (formerly known as Ritalin). Rx released only one album, \"Bedside Toxicology\", in 1998. He also toured extensively with Pigface (1991–1995) and Ministry (1987–1990)<ref name=\"prongs/al/ogre\"></ref> and appeared on a number of Pigface and Ministry-related recordings. Skinny Puppy have accused the US military of using their music to torture inmates at their Guantanamo Bay detention facility, without the band's knowledge or permission. In response, the",
"psg_id": "1459720"
},
{
"title": "Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch",
"text": "Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch (written as simply Happiness... on the cover) is the third studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on September 21, 1999 by Columbia Records. The album was very successful in Canada, debuting at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart. The album was certified 3x Platinum in July 2001. Hit singles from the album include \"One Man Army\", \"Is Anybody Home?\", and \"Thief\". The final track on the CD, \"Stealing Babies\", features Elvin Jones, a prominent post-bop",
"psg_id": "5647146"
},
{
"title": "Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch",
"text": "The Smashing Pumpkins and Foo Fighters toured together across Canada. Touring effectively ended after Summersault as the band had announced work for a brand new studio album, \"Spiritual Machines\" which they had been working on since before the festival and which would be completed and released in Canada before the end of the year. Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch (written as simply Happiness... on the cover) is the third studio album by Canadian alternative rock band Our Lady Peace. It was released on September 21, 1999 by",
"psg_id": "5647165"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is You",
"text": "Happiness Is You Happiness Is You is the 24th album by country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1966 (see 1966 in music). It contains, among others, \"Guess Things Happen That Way\", a re-recording of one of Cash's earliest Sun songs. The record reached No. 10 on the Country charts. The LP was originally to be titled \"That's What You Get For Lovin' Me\", taking its title from the Gordon Lightfoot tune included in the album, and promo copies and some early commercial pressings show this title on the label. The album was never released on cassette and",
"psg_id": "8230840"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is You",
"text": "did not finally see release on CD until 2012, as part of the box set \"\". Album - Billboard (North America) Happiness Is You Happiness Is You is the 24th album by country singer Johnny Cash, released on Columbia Records in 1966 (see 1966 in music). It contains, among others, \"Guess Things Happen That Way\", a re-recording of one of Cash's earliest Sun songs. The record reached No. 10 on the Country charts. The LP was originally to be titled \"That's What You Get For Lovin' Me\", taking its title from the Gordon Lightfoot tune included in the album, and",
"psg_id": "8230841"
},
{
"title": "Happiness Is Easy",
"text": "Happiness Is Easy Happiness Is Easy (released on 19 May, 2006) is the eighth studio album by Polish alternative rock band Myslovitz. The album overlooks \"Skalary, mieczyki, neonki\"'s psychedelic soundscapes and returns to sounds of 1999's \"Miłość w czasach popkultury\" and 2002's \"Korova Milky Bar\" in the first and second half of the album respectively. The title of the album is taken from the name of the first track on Talk Talk's album \"The Colour of Spring\". Further reference to new wave music is found in the title of track seven, which references the Talking Heads. The songs make multiple",
"psg_id": "9116872"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Luv",
"text": "Puppy Luv Puppy Luv is a simulation video game for the Wii and Windows released on October 25, 2007. The Wii version was developed by Game Mill and published by Activision. It was developed and published for Windows by Canadian studio Gogii Games. \"Puppy Luv\" is a sim game designed for one player and revolving around caring for a puppy. It contains: After the player picks a puppy, he/she cares for it by feeding, grooming, and training it which also earns the player money to buy things. The player is able to take their puppy for walks to allow to",
"psg_id": "11886487"
},
{
"title": "The Puppy Song",
"text": "The Puppy Song \"The Puppy Song\" is a Harry Nilsson song that appeared on his album \"Harry\" released in August 1969. Nilsson originally wrote this song at Paul McCartney's request for Mary Hopkin, an 18-year-old singer that McCartney had signed to Apple Records and whose first album, \"Post Card\" would feature her version of Nilsson's song. Nora Ephron would use Harry's own version for the opening credits of her 1998 film, \"You've Got Mail\" and at the end of the first episode of the FX series \"Wilfred\". It was popularized by David Cassidy in his double A-side single \"Daydreamer\"/\"The Puppy",
"psg_id": "15052292"
},
{
"title": "The Happiness Patrol",
"text": "planet's secret police force, the Happiness Patrol, roam the streets hunting down and killing so-called 'Killjoys'. The colony is governed by Helen A, who is obsessed with eliminating unhappiness. Also in her employee is the Kandy Man, a grotesque, sweet-based robot created by Gilbert M, one of Helen A’s senior advisers. The Doctor and Ace meet an unhappy guard Susan Q, who becomes an ally, and Earl Sigma, a wandering harmonica player. They, along with the native inhabitants of Terra Alpha, the Pipe People, work to overthrow the tyranny of Helen A. They begin supporting public demonstrations of unhappiness, encouraging",
"psg_id": "5006515"
},
{
"title": "Warm front",
"text": "and speed remains steady. On weather maps, the surface location of a warm front is marked with a red line of half circles pointing in the direction of the front. On colored weather maps, warm fronts are illustrated with a solid red line. Warm front A warm front is a density discontinuity located at the leading edge of a homogeneous warm air mass, and is typically located on the equator-facing edge of an isotherm gradient. Warm fronts lie within broader troughs of low pressure than cold fronts, and move more slowly than the cold fronts which usually follow because cold",
"psg_id": "3209167"
},
{
"title": "The Secret to Happiness Is Love",
"text": "The Secret to Happiness Is Love The Secret to Happiness Is Love ( x4) is a studio album by Taiwanese artist Vivian Hsu. It was released September 28, 2003, by Avex Taiwan. The original title \"Wǒ Ài Nǐ\" means \"I Love You\". There were three versions of this album produced: a limited edition with artbook, a preorder edition with artbook and bonus single CD, and a regular edition without the artbook, but with a VCD containing music videos. The album contains Hsu's first rap song, Mianju, which was later featured in the compilation album \"Ji Le 175\". Also featured is",
"psg_id": "5335135"
},
{
"title": "Puppy monkey baby",
"text": "vegetable oil, a chemical that is banned in several countries. Jim Joseph, chief integrated marketing officer at Cohn & Wolfe, called it \"weird\". Screwattack declared Puppymonkeybaby as the most terrifying mascot of all time. Puppy monkey baby The Puppy Monkey Baby (also styled PuppyMonkeyBaby) is the name of a CGI character created by Mountain Dew for a TV commercial that aired on February 7, 2016 during Super Bowl 50. The advertisement has garnered a wide amount of media coverage, both positive and negative. According to iSpot.tv, the spot was rated #1 of all the Super Bowl commercials of the night,",
"psg_id": "19320179"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Linux",
"text": "kernel, which has long-term support and the newest applications. Easy - A puppy variant which init script is completely rewritten and it uses originally developed application containers aside the conventional package management. DistroWatch reviewer Rober Storey concluded about Puppy 5.2.5 in April 2011: \"A lot of people like Puppy — it's in the top 10 of the DistroWatch page-hit ranking. I enjoy Puppy too, and it's what I run exclusively on my netbook. Maybe the only thing wrong with Puppy is that users' expectations tend to exceed the developer's intentions.\" In a detailed review of Puppy Linux in May 2011",
"psg_id": "3842097"
},
{
"title": "Puppy love",
"text": "American hip hop artist Brother Ali has also composed a song about puppy love titled \"You Say (Puppy Love)\". F. Scott Fitzgerald wrote short stories \"valuing the intuitiveness of puppy love over mature, reasoned affection...[its] 'unreal, undesirous medley of ecstasy and peace'\". Puppy love Puppy love (also known as a crush, calf love or kitten love) is an informal term for feelings of romantic or platonic love, often felt during childhood and adolescence. It is named for its resemblance to the adoring, worshipful affection that may be felt by a puppy. It may also be able to describe short/long-term love",
"psg_id": "2679704"
},
{
"title": "Puppy",
"text": "Puppy A puppy is a juvenile dog. Some puppies can weigh 1-1.5 kg (1-3 lb), while larger ones can weigh up to 7-11 kg (15-23 lb). All healthy puppies grow quickly after birth. A puppy's coat color may change as the puppy grows older, as is commonly seen in breeds such as the Yorkshire Terrier. In vernacular English, \"puppy\" refers specifically to dogs, while \"pup\" may often be used for other mammals such as seals, giraffes, guinea pigs, or even rats or sharks. Born after an average of 63 days of gestation, puppies emerge in an amnion that is bitten",
"psg_id": "7842004"
},
{
"title": "The Secret to Happiness Is Love",
"text": "\"Jueding Ai Ni\" (), the theme song to the TV series \"Love Storm\", in which Hsu starred in. The Secret to Happiness Is Love The Secret to Happiness Is Love ( x4) is a studio album by Taiwanese artist Vivian Hsu. It was released September 28, 2003, by Avex Taiwan. The original title \"Wǒ Ài Nǐ\" means \"I Love You\". There were three versions of this album produced: a limited edition with artbook, a preorder edition with artbook and bonus single CD, and a regular edition without the artbook, but with a VCD containing music videos. The album contains Hsu's",
"psg_id": "5335136"
},
{
"title": "Skinny Puppy",
"text": "They include drummer Justin Bennett, guitarist William Morrison, and guitarist Matthew Setzer. Despite little mainstream airplay, several Skinny Puppy releases have charted in North America and Europe, and their influence on industrial and electronic music is considerable. Widely considered originators of a unique sound and live performance style, Skinny Puppy are also known as pioneers of industrial rock and electro-industrial, genres in which they may be seen to have spawned \"a litter of like-minded bands\". Their influence extends from independent acts like Tin Omen, to industrial rock stars Nine Inch Nails, who opened for Skinny Puppy for a short time",
"psg_id": "1459712"
},
{
"title": "Tekno the Robotic Puppy",
"text": "The 2016 release in the Tekno Newborns includes multiple metallic colors for newborn puppy and new born kitty. Same as Rex: Fighting Tekno Dinosaur, this is the 2014 release of the Tekno and Friends robot line. He comes with a disconnectable bone. If the owner makes his mouth open and gives him a bone, he will chew it, and launch it away with an almighty burp. The 2015 release in the Tekno and Friends line was a scorpion. Features a sting in the tail (a pretend one!), this aggressive little character has an added level of electronic interaction. Comes with",
"psg_id": "16559288"
},
{
"title": "Happiness... Is Not a Fish That You Can Catch",
"text": "an online chat with fans for a Q & A session. \"Happiness...\" was released in Canada on September 21, 1999. The album was very successful in its first week, selling 40,090 copies and debuting at #1 on the Canadian Albums Chart. Upon its release, \"Happiness...\" was panned by many critics who cited it as being over-ambitious and too dour in subject manner. In the band's hometown, Ben Rayner, the reviewer of \"The Toronto Star\" said, \"...there's something curiously unmoving and dispassionate about it - it's canned angst ordered from some overstocked and increasingly disused alt-rock warehouse outside of Seattle, too",
"psg_id": "5647157"
},
{
"title": "Puppy Linux",
"text": "of a package to reduce the disk space used. On earlier releases of Puppy Linux, Puppy Unleashed was used to create Puppy ISO images. It consists of more than 500 packages that are put together according to the user's needs. However, on later versions starting with Puppy Linux version 5.0, it was replaced by Woof. It is an advanced tool for creating Puppy installations. It requires an Internet connection and some knowledge of Linux to use. It is able to download the binary source packages from another Linux distribution and process them into Puppy Linux packages by just defining the",
"psg_id": "3842094"
},
{
"title": "Puppy (film)",
"text": "Puppy (film) Puppy is an independent Australian feature film starring Nadia Townsend, Bernard Curry, Sally Bull, and Terence Donovan. The film was written and directed by Irish-born, Australian Kieran Galvin, who also directed the short films: \"The Burning Boy, Mono-Winged Angel, Contact\" and \"Other People\". He also wrote the exploitational thriller Feed, (Dir. Brett Leonard) both Puppy and Feed were produced by Melissa Beauford. Attempting suicide, sultry but down-on-her-luck swindler Liz (Nadia Townsend) is rescued by lonely tow truck driver Aiden (Bernard Curry). But instead of rushing her to the hospital, Liz’s savior abducts her to his remote farmhouse, convinced",
"psg_id": "12325071"
},
{
"title": "The Cyanide & Happiness Show",
"text": "that the rights to the show had been transferred to VRV, another streaming service. Coinciding with this announcement, the rest of the show was removed from Seeso and all episodes of all three seasons were made available on VRV. The Cyanide & Happiness Show The Cyanide & Happiness Show is an animated comedy web series created by Rob DenBleyker, Dave McElfatrick, Matt Melvin and Kris Wilson, based on their webcomic \"Cyanide & Happiness\". Each episode consists of a few short stories that have little to no connection to each other (with the exception of six episodes from Season 3, which",
"psg_id": "18533513"
},
{
"title": "Puppy monkey baby",
"text": "Puppy monkey baby The Puppy Monkey Baby (also styled PuppyMonkeyBaby) is the name of a CGI character created by Mountain Dew for a TV commercial that aired on February 7, 2016 during Super Bowl 50. The advertisement has garnered a wide amount of media coverage, both positive and negative. According to iSpot.tv, the spot was rated #1 of all the Super Bowl commercials of the night, having generated 2.2 million online views and 300,000 social media interactions after airing. The ad features a computer-generated mash-up of three things that the public generally finds to be cute or harmless, all in",
"psg_id": "19320177"
}
] | [
"sparky schulz",
"charles shulz",
"charles m. shultz",
"charles m. schulz",
"charles m schulz",
"schulz, charles monroe",
"charles shultz",
"schulz, charles m",
"charles m. schultz",
"charles monroe schulz",
"schulz, charles m.",
"charles schulz",
"charles shulz tribute",
"charlie brown, snoopy and me"
] |
who directed the big sleep and gentlemen prefer blondes? | [
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "the musical in April 2004. A staged concert production was presented in the Encores! series of Great American Musicals in Concert at the New York City Center May 9–13, 2012 with Megan Hilty as Lorelei Lee and Rachel York as Dorothy, directed by John Rando and choreographed by Randy Skinner. A 1953 film adaptation, released by 20th century Fox, was directed by Howard Hawks and starred Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical) Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a musical with a book by Joseph Fields and Anita Loos, lyrics by Leo Robin, and music by Jule Styne, based",
"psg_id": "9404777"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical) Gentlemen Prefer Blondes is a musical with a book by Joseph Fields and Anita Loos, lyrics by Leo Robin, and music by Jule Styne, based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Loos. The story involves an American woman's voyage to Paris to perform in a nightclub. The musical opened on Broadway in 1949 (running for 740 performances and introducing Carol Channing), a London production was mounted in 1962, and there was a Broadway revival in 1995. An adaptation called \"Lorelei\" (also starring Carol Channing) played on Broadway in 1974. It was made into",
"psg_id": "9404767"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "also distributed in reprints to newspapers circa 1929 to early 1930s. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel) Gentlemen Prefer Blondes: The Intimate Diary of a Professional Lady is a comic novel written by Anita Loos, first published in 1925. It is one of several famous novels published that year to chronicle the so-called Jazz Age, including Fitzgerald's \"The Great Gatsby\" and Van Vechten's \"Firecrackers\". Loos was inspired to write the book after watching a sexy blonde turn intellectual H. L. Mencken into a lovestruck schoolboy. Mencken, a close friend, actually enjoyed the work and saw to it that it was published. Originally",
"psg_id": "9404764"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel) Gentlemen Prefer Blondes: The Intimate Diary of a Professional Lady is a comic novel written by Anita Loos, first published in 1925. It is one of several famous novels published that year to chronicle the so-called Jazz Age, including Fitzgerald's \"The Great Gatsby\" and Van Vechten's \"Firecrackers\". Loos was inspired to write the book after watching a sexy blonde turn intellectual H. L. Mencken into a lovestruck schoolboy. Mencken, a close friend, actually enjoyed the work and saw to it that it was published. Originally published as a magazine series in \"Harper's Bazaar\", it was published",
"psg_id": "9404745"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "was produced by Herman Levin and Oliver Smith, directed by John C. Wilson, and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, with vocal direction by Hugh Martin. Financial backers included Harold M. Esty, Jr. The original cast featured: Several well-known blonde actresses, including Betty Hutton, Jayne Mansfield (Carousel Theater, 1964), Mamie Van Doren, Barbara Eden (Florida, January 1999) and Morgan Fairchild, have starred in regional and summer stock productions of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" over the years. The musical ran in the West End at the Princes Theatre, opening on August 20, 1962 for 223 performances, and featured Dora Bryan as Lorelei Lee,",
"psg_id": "9404774"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "first film version, which is now lost, was released in 1928 and starred Ruth Taylor and Alice White. Better known is the 1953 film version of the musical, \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", starring Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell. The novel's characters were licensed for use in a daily newspaper comic strip series that ran from April to September 1926. The comic strip was not an adaptation of the novel, but used the novel's characters in new gag situations. Although the writing was credited to Loos, it was presumably ghosted by the artists, Virginia Huget and Phil Cook. The original series was",
"psg_id": "9404763"
},
{
"title": "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes",
"text": "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes is a 1927 novel written by Anita Loos. It is the sequel to her 1925 novel \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\". \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" follows the further adventures of Lorelei Lee and Dorothy Shaw and is illustrated by Ralph Barton. As a sequel to the 1953 film \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", the 1955 film \"Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" used only the book's name and starred Jane Russell and Jeanne Crain playing characters who were the daughters of Dorothy Shaw. Originally published in 1927, \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" is the sequel to Anita Loos' \"Gentlemen Prefer",
"psg_id": "10608783"
},
{
"title": "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes",
"text": "Blondes\". Both books began as sketch series originally published in \"Harper's Bazaar\" magazine. Loos had planned on retiring after writing \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" in order to care for her partner, John Emerson. However, she had promised \"Harper's Bazaar\" a sequel, so Loos and Emerson did not leave for Europe until shortly after the sequel had been published. The sequel to \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" is also narrated by Lorelei, the bubbly blonde; however, she tells the tale of her friend, Dorothy, a bright talented young woman who grew up in a carnival company; she is discovered by Charlie, who helps her",
"psg_id": "10608784"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls",
"text": "Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls is a 1963 nudist film produced and directed by Doris Wishman. Anne (Joan Bamford) and Tom (Lon Alexion) work in a small real estate office, but must keep their marriage — and (gasp!) nudist lifestyle — from their uptight boss, Mr. Bennett (Nude on the Moon’s Professor, William Mayer). When Bennett finds a card on the floor that reads \"Member of the American Nudist Organization,\" he goes berserk and fires Tom, even though Tom is in the middle of closing a major deal with important client Al Jenkins (Blaze Starr Goes Nudist’s",
"psg_id": "16151083"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls",
"text": "down, Jenkins takes Bennett on a tour around the club, carefully explaining how natural hygienic nudism is, and demonstrating that... well, Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls. Bennett gets to observe a nude volleyball game, nudists playing basketball, a nude accordion sway-along, nude teeter-totter, and even some nude archery (taught by Scum of the Earth’s sex fiend, Craig Maudslay, Jr.) But what really sells him is the work of \"Ben Jones, famous botanist,\" who did the landscaping and is also, incidentally, a nudist. \"I suppose I was a tyrant, but I see things differently now!\" proclaims Bennett. Gentlemen Prefer Nature Girls Gentlemen",
"psg_id": "16151086"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Marry Brunettes",
"text": "Gentlemen Marry Brunettes Gentlemen Marry Brunettes is a 1955 technicolor romantic Western musical comedy film produced by Russ-Field productions, starring Jane Russell and Jeanne Crain, and released by United Artists. It was directed by Richard Sale, produced by the director and Bob Waterfield (Russell's husband) with Robert Bassler as executive producer, from a screenplay by Mary Loos and Sale, based on the novel \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" by Anita Loos. Anita Loos was the author of the novel and play \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", which had been turned into a smash film with Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe two years before.",
"psg_id": "7979328"
},
{
"title": "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes",
"text": "she wanted it to be... Both \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" and \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" were viewed by female scholars as celebration bordering on satire. \"Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" is often considered the weaker of the two, and only works as a companion piece to Loos’s first installment. The film based on the novel, \"Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" (1955), is very loosely based on Loos’s book. The plot is very different. \"Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" is a musical film made by Russ-Field productions, starring Jane Russell and Jeanne Crain, and released by United Artists. The film was directed by Richard Sale, produced by the",
"psg_id": "10608786"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "as a book by Boni & Liveright in 1925 and became a runaway best seller, becoming the second best selling title of 1926 and earning the praise of no less than Edith Wharton who dubbed it \"The Great American Novel.\" A sequel, \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\", was published two years later. Responding to a male friend’s suggestion that she should write down her thoughts because it would make an interesting book, the blonde Lorelei Lee narrates the novel in the form of a diary complete with spelling and grammatical errors. Lorelei Lee had been working in movies in Hollywood when",
"psg_id": "9404746"
},
{
"title": "If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway",
"text": "out \"in record time\". If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway — An Evening of Love Duets is a show conceived and directed by American-Canadian singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, which premiered on June 14, 2014 during Luminato in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The concert featured men singing classic love songs to one another, and included a full orchestra and performances by Wainwright and special guests Boy George, David Byrne, Josh Groban and Steven Page. Countertenor Brennan Hall, Brent Carver, Glen Hansard, Ezra Koenig and Andrew Rannells also appeared. The program featured songs written by gay",
"psg_id": "17974178"
},
{
"title": "If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway",
"text": "If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway — An Evening of Love Duets is a show conceived and directed by American-Canadian singer-songwriter Rufus Wainwright, which premiered on June 14, 2014 during Luminato in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The concert featured men singing classic love songs to one another, and included a full orchestra and performances by Wainwright and special guests Boy George, David Byrne, Josh Groban and Steven Page. Countertenor Brennan Hall, Brent Carver, Glen Hansard, Ezra Koenig and Andrew Rannells also appeared. The program featured songs written by gay men, including Noël Coward,",
"psg_id": "17974171"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "in Paris later. Lorelei is distressed when she realises District Attorney Bartlett is also onboard ship. She relates to a sympathetic Major Falcon the story of how she came to know Bartlett. She reveals that her father packed her off to business college in Little Rock. While training to be a stenographer, a lawyer named Mr. Jennings offered to employ her. She learned that he was a sexual predator, became hysterical, and shot him. During the trial, which Mr. Bartlett prosecuted, Lorelei gave such compelling testimony that the gentlemen of the jury all burst into tears and she was acquitted,",
"psg_id": "9404749"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Marry Brunettes",
"text": "The studio attempted to repeat the formula, with Russell returning but Jeanne Crain stepping in for a presumably otherwise engaged Monroe (both women played new characters). Alan Young (later the star of TV's \"Mr. Ed\"), Scott Brady (brother of Lawrence Tierney), and Rudy Vallee also appear. This film was not as well received as the earlier one. The choreography was by Jack Cole, who had also contributed to the \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" film. The dance ensemble includes the young Gwen Verdon. Anita Loos had entitled her book \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\", but the studio dropped the first word from the",
"psg_id": "7979329"
},
{
"title": "But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes",
"text": "director and Bob Waterfield (Russell's husband) with Robert Bassler as executive producer, from a screenplay by Mary Loos and Sale, based on the novel \"But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes\" by Anita Loos. Anita Loos was the author of the novel and play \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" which had been turned into a smash film with Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe in 1953. This film was not as well received as the earlier one. Anita Loos had entitled her book But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes, but the studio dropped the first word from the title for the film. But Gentlemen Marry Brunettes But Gentlemen",
"psg_id": "10608787"
},
{
"title": "The Long Blondes",
"text": "they needed someone to bring a touch of glamour.\" Jackson describes her style as \"Bonnie Parker meets a \"Carry On\" girl\". The Long Blondes were also known for their cheap and glamorous music videos. Their first proper music video was \"Appropriation (By Any Other Name)\" which was directed by \"Rupert Noble\", a music video director they regularly made videos with after. In 2006 The Long Blondes received the Philip Hall Radar Award at the NME Awards honouring rising talent, which in previous years has accurately predicted big things for Kaiser Chiefs and Franz Ferdinand. The Long Blondes The Long Blondes",
"psg_id": "6822563"
},
{
"title": "If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway",
"text": "both Luminato and Wainwright, \"I think the primary purpose of my job is to love artists. Of course the relationship with my husband Rufus Wainwright is special but I feel if someone is more talented and deserves more to be associated with this festival it is him rather than me.\" For the 2014 festival, Wainwright conceived, created and directed a program called \"If I Loved You: Gentlemen Prefer Broadway\", which will feature \"guys singing classic love songs to other guys\". The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation described the program as \"male singers putting a new spin on dozens of love songs traditionally",
"psg_id": "17974173"
},
{
"title": "Lorelei (musical)",
"text": "two recordings, resulting in a definitive cast recording that includes all the songs from both. Lorelei (musical) Lorelei is a musical with a book by Kenny Solms and Gail Parent, lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, and music by Jule Styne. It is a revision of the Joseph Fields-Anita Loos book for the 1949 production \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" and includes many of the Jule Styne-Leo Robin songs written for the original. The 1974 Broadway production of \"Lorelei\", directed by Robert Moore and starring Carol Channing, ran for 320 performances. Subtitled \"Gentlemen Still Prefer Blondes\", it opens with the title",
"psg_id": "10846731"
},
{
"title": "Lorelei (musical)",
"text": "Lorelei (musical) Lorelei is a musical with a book by Kenny Solms and Gail Parent, lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green, and music by Jule Styne. It is a revision of the Joseph Fields-Anita Loos book for the 1949 production \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" and includes many of the Jule Styne-Leo Robin songs written for the original. The 1974 Broadway production of \"Lorelei\", directed by Robert Moore and starring Carol Channing, ran for 320 performances. Subtitled \"Gentlemen Still Prefer Blondes\", it opens with the title character, a heavily-bejeweled, very wealthy widow, about to set sail on the SS Ile de",
"psg_id": "10846726"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (1978 film)",
"text": "Winner \"ploughs step by step through the complicated plot with a curious lack of interest in, among other things, the nature of his hero's character.\" \"The Big Sleep\" has been released twice on DVD: The Big Sleep (1978 film) The Big Sleep is a 1978 British neo-noir film, the second film version of Raymond Chandler's 1939 novel of the same name. The picture was directed by Michael Winner and stars Robert Mitchum in his second film portrayal of the detective Philip Marlowe. The cast includes Sarah Miles, Candy Clark, Joan Collins, and Oliver Reed, also featuring James Stewart as General",
"psg_id": "4790018"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "closed on April 30, 1995 after 16 previews and 8 performances. A concert staging of the musical was mounted as part of the \"Discovering Lost Musicals\" series directed and produced by Ian Marshall-Fisher at Barbican Cinema 1 in London in 1997, which featured Louise Gold as Lorelei Lee, Kim Criswell as Dorothy Shaw, and Dilys Laye as Mrs Ella Spofford. The Open Air Theatre, Inner Circle, Regent's Park, London, production ran from July 23, 1998 through September 1, 1998, and featured Sara Crowe as Lorelei Lee and Debby Bishop as Dorothy. 42nd Street Moon theatre company, San Francisco, California, presented",
"psg_id": "9404776"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep",
"text": "racketeering; Al Capone and Meyer Lansky were not role models. A figure like A. G. Geiger, the dirty-books racketeer in Raymond Chandler's \"Big Sleep\" (1939) who supplements his business activities as owner of a pornographic lending library in Hollywood by arranging sex orgies and blackmailing rich customers, is a fascinating but lurid exaggeration. However susceptible film personalities were to blackmail, it was not the métier of book dealers.\" The Big Sleep The Big Sleep (1939) is a hardboiled crime novel by Raymond Chandler, the first to feature the detective Philip Marlowe. It has been adapted for film twice, in 1946",
"psg_id": "769383"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (1946 film)",
"text": "that was screened for overseas servicemen, running two minutes longer and containing scenes not used in the official release.\" Portions of the original release were used in \"Micmacs\", a film released in 2009 directed by Jean-Pierre Jeunet. The main character Bazil is seen mouthing words from a French dubbed portion of the film in the beginning and the opening credits are then done in the same style. Portions of Steiner's music from the film are also used along with original music by Raphaël Beau. The Big Sleep (1946 film) The Big Sleep is a 1946 film noir directed by Howard",
"psg_id": "4789918"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (1978 film)",
"text": "The Big Sleep (1978 film) The Big Sleep is a 1978 British neo-noir film, the second film version of Raymond Chandler's 1939 novel of the same name. The picture was directed by Michael Winner and stars Robert Mitchum in his second film portrayal of the detective Philip Marlowe. The cast includes Sarah Miles, Candy Clark, Joan Collins, and Oliver Reed, also featuring James Stewart as General Sternwood. The story's setting was changed from 1940s Los Angeles to 1970s London. The film contained material more explicit than what could only be hinted at in the 1946 version, such as homosexuality, pornography",
"psg_id": "4790008"
},
{
"title": "Anita Loos",
"text": "Loos began to write a sketch of Mencken and his vacant lady friends that would later become \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\". \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" began as a series of short sketches published in \"Harper's Bazaar\", Known as the \"Lorelei\" stories, they were satires on the state of sexual relations that only vaguely alluded to sexual intimacy; the magazine's circulation quadrupled overnight. The heroine of the stories, Lorelei Lee, was a bold, ambitious flapper, who was much more concerned with collecting expensive baubles from her conquests than any marriage licenses, in addition to being a shrewd woman of loose morals and high",
"psg_id": "2261510"
},
{
"title": "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend",
"text": "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" is a jazz song introduced by Carol Channing in the original Broadway production of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" (1949), which was written by Jule Styne and Leo Robin. It was based on a novel by Anita Loos. The song is perhaps most famously performed by Marilyn Monroe in the 1953 film \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\". Monroe's character, Lorelei Lee, has been followed on a Transatlantic ocean liner by a detective hired by her fiancé's father, who wants assurance that she is not marrying purely for money. He is informed of",
"psg_id": "7780427"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "if there is no disease, then there is no harm in anything, so why not drink champagne? Spoffard’s mother, who enjoys the champagne, decides that Christian Science is a better religion than Presbyterianism. Lorelei gives her a beautiful hat to wear, but since Spoffard’s mother has an Edwardian hairstyle, it does not fit, whereupon Lorelei whips out some scissors and bobs Spoffard’s mother’s hair. The meeting is a success. Lorelei and Dorothy go on to Budapest with Mr. Eisman, who has decided not to do business in Europe. Mr. Spoffard writes, proposing marriage to Lorelei and putting her in a",
"psg_id": "9404758"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "Bartlett, who is attempting to seduce Lorelei, agrees to tell her of his mission in Vienna if she will accompany him there. She agrees and he admits that he is negotiating a deal for military hardware. Lorelei decides that she prefers Major Falcon to Bartlett and does not go to Vienna, instead hiding out in her cabin until Bartlett debarks. They arrive in London, where it seems the aristocrats are selling off all their family jewels to wealthy Americans. Lorelei meets Mrs. Weeks, who is selling a diamond tiara for £7.5 thousand. Lorelei casts her eye around the room for",
"psg_id": "9404751"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "to give up the opportunity of a trip to Europe paid for by Eisman, decides that she would not like to marry Gerry, who in any case bores her. Lorelei is dismayed that her friend Dorothy wastes her time with a boy named Mencken, who only writes for a magazine, when she could be spending time with Mr. Goldmark, a wealthy movie producer. (This is an inside joke. Author Anita Loos was good friends with writer, essayist, and literary magazine editor, H. L. Mencken.) Lorelei and Dorothy set sail for Europe on the ; Mr. Eisman promises to meet them",
"psg_id": "9404748"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (band)",
"text": "Often without vocals, The Big Sleep's songs are for the most part instrumentals leaning towards post-rock or shoegaze, however often with a psychedelic feel hearkening back to classic rock such as Led Zeppelin or Black Sabbath. In fall 2011, The Big Sleep performed at CMJ Music Marathon and released “Ace”, the single from their new album \"Nature Experiments\". \"Nature Experiments\" was released on January 31, 2012. The Big Sleep (band) The Big Sleep are a three piece band based in Brooklyn, New York. The band consists of Sonya Balchandani (bass/vocals), Danny Barria (guitar/vocals), and Gabe Rhodes (drums). The Big Sleep",
"psg_id": "9582832"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep",
"text": "The Big Sleep The Big Sleep (1939) is a hardboiled crime novel by Raymond Chandler, the first to feature the detective Philip Marlowe. It has been adapted for film twice, in 1946 and again in 1978. The story is set in Los Angeles. The story is noted for its complexity, with characters double-crossing one another and secrets being exposed throughout the narrative. The title is a euphemism for death; it refers to a rumination about \"sleeping the big sleep\" in the final pages of the book. In 1999, the book was voted 96th of \"Le Monde\"s \"100 Books of the",
"psg_id": "769367"
},
{
"title": "Who is against blondes? (Ukrainian TV show)",
"text": "Nikitjuk , the first girl leading this format, acting on the side of blondes. Who is against blondes? (Ukrainian TV show) Who is against blondes? () is a Ukrainian intellectual TV show of the Novyi Kanal, adaptation of the Dutch TV show Beat the Blondes. In the game, one main player, usually a man, is involved. As its rivals stand 50 blondes — 49 mediocre and 1 TOP blonde. Each of the blondes responded to the questions prepared by the program before the game. Then the girls are divided into 8 rows, 7 participants in 7 rows and 1 blond",
"psg_id": "20905863"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (band)",
"text": "The Big Sleep (band) The Big Sleep are a three piece band based in Brooklyn, New York. The band consists of Sonya Balchandani (bass/vocals), Danny Barria (guitar/vocals), and Gabe Rhodes (drums). The Big Sleep are signed to French Kiss Records. Formed in 2003, the band's discography includes the self-released EP \"You Today, Me Tomorrow\", the full-length \"Son Of The Tiger\" LP (released in late 2006), the full-length album \"Sleep Forever\" (released in 2008), and the album \"Nature Experiments\" (2012). Having drawn comparisons to fellow New Yorkers Sonic Youth, The Big Sleep's sound deviates from that of more recently formed contemporaries.",
"psg_id": "9582831"
},
{
"title": "Who is against blondes? (Ukrainian TV show)",
"text": "Who is against blondes? (Ukrainian TV show) Who is against blondes? () is a Ukrainian intellectual TV show of the Novyi Kanal, adaptation of the Dutch TV show Beat the Blondes. In the game, one main player, usually a man, is involved. As its rivals stand 50 blondes — 49 mediocre and 1 TOP blonde. Each of the blondes responded to the questions prepared by the program before the game. Then the girls are divided into 8 rows, 7 participants in 7 rows and 1 blond girl who heads the girls. For each defeated girl the main player is given",
"psg_id": "20905858"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "a film of the same name in 1953, starring Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe. The popular songs \"Bye Bye Baby\" and \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" were introduced in this musical. In the 1920s, Lorelei Lee, a blonde from Little Rock, Arkansas, and her friend Dorothy Shaw board the ocean liner \"Ile de France\", to embark for France (\"It's High Time\"). Lorelei and her boyfriend (who is her \"sugar daddy\"), Gus Esmond, are parting for a while (\"Bye, Bye Baby\"); Gus is going to Little Rock, and Dorothy is Lorelei's chaperone. On the ship, Lorelei has many admirers, including",
"psg_id": "9404768"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "son, Louis, to act as interpretor. They learn that Robert is Lady Beekman’s lawyer. Through a French waiter named Leon (who speaks English), Lorelei learns that Robert and Louis plan to show the ladies the Paris sights while charging everything to Lady Beekman, while waiting for an opportunity to steal the tiara from Lorelei to give to Lady Beekman. They go to Fontainebleau, the Folies Bergère, and the Palace of Versailles. Lorelei has made a paste copy of the tiara and, by playing one against the other, manages to keep the real tiara and send them away with the fake",
"psg_id": "9404754"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "one. Mr. Eisman arrives in Paris, and after many shopping trips with Lorelei, he moves on to Vienna to look at a button factory he may want to buy. He puts Lorelei and Dorothy on the Orient Express, telling them to meet him in Vienna. Lorelei meets Henry Spoffard, who comes from one of the most famous and affluent families in Philadelphia. He is a staunch Presbyterian, prohibitionist, and moralist. He censors movies. Lorelei too is a reformist; she is trying to reform Dorothy. They arrive in Munich, but are not impressed by the art museums, theatre, or eating habits",
"psg_id": "9404755"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "of the Germans. Lorelei begins to fear arriving in Vienna, wondering how she can spend time with both Mr. Eisman and Mr. Spoffard. In Vienna, Lorelei meets ‘Dr. Froyd’ (Sigmund Freud) at the request of Spoffard, who is concerned about her health. Lorelei tells Freud that she has always done as she likes. Freud decides he cannot analyse Lorelei because she has never repressed a desire. He advises her to cultivate some inhibitions. Lorelei and Dorothy visit The Demel Restaurant, where Mr. Spoffard’s mother is being cautioned by her companion, Miss Chapman, about Lorelei’s character. Miss Chapman suggests to Spoffard’s",
"psg_id": "9404756"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "she met Mr. Gus Eisman, a button manufacturer from Chicago. He installs her in a New York apartment, visiting her whenever he is in town and spending a small fortune ‘educating’ her. This consists mostly of footing the bill for gowns from Madame Frances, jewelry from Cartier, dinners at the Ritz, orchids, parties, etc. She meets an English novelist named Gerry Lamson who disapproves of her relationship with Eisman. He intends to get divorced so that he can marry her to save her from such a man. Lorelei, fearing the scandal of being involved in a divorce and not wishing",
"psg_id": "9404747"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "prompting Judge Hibbard to buy her a ticket to Hollywood so that she could use her talent to become a professional actress. He also names her ‘Lorelei’ because he believed it expressed her personality. Major Falcon informs Lorelei that Bartlett is now a senator travelling to Vienna for a secret conference. Major Falcon reveals that his mission is to find out what Bartlett is up to in Vienna. He encourages Lorelei to become friends with Bartlett, discover official secrets, and pass them on to him. Meanwhile, Lorelei deplores Dorothy's wasting time with a man who is a mere tennis champion.",
"psg_id": "9404750"
},
{
"title": "Music video",
"text": "of \"Diamonds Are A Girl's Best Friend\" from the film \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\". Several of Michael Jackson's videos show the unmistakable influence of the dance sequences in classic Hollywood musicals, including the landmark \"Thriller\" and the Martin Scorsese-directed \"Bad\", which was influenced by the stylised dance \"fights\" in the film version of \"West Side Story\". According to the Internet Accuracy Project, disc jockey–singer J. P. \"The Big Bopper\" Richardson was the first to coin the phrase \"music video\", in 1959. In his autobiography, Tony Bennett claims to have created \"...the first music video\" when he was filmed walking along the",
"psg_id": "904673"
},
{
"title": "Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen",
"text": "songs... are tuneful...\" Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen is a musical with a book by John Patrick and music and lyrics by Stan Freeman and Franklin Underwood. The musical is based on Patrick's play and screenplay \"The Teahouse of the August Moon\". It focuses on Capt. Fisby who, assigned to Americanize the village of Tobiki on Okinawa following World War II, encourages the residents to build a school. They would prefer a traditional teahouse instead, and when Fisby discovers the potent alcoholic beverage they brew is popular with the American GIs and a big money-maker, he falls",
"psg_id": "9630899"
},
{
"title": "Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen",
"text": "Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen Lovely Ladies, Kind Gentlemen is a musical with a book by John Patrick and music and lyrics by Stan Freeman and Franklin Underwood. The musical is based on Patrick's play and screenplay \"The Teahouse of the August Moon\". It focuses on Capt. Fisby who, assigned to Americanize the village of Tobiki on Okinawa following World War II, encourages the residents to build a school. They would prefer a traditional teahouse instead, and when Fisby discovers the potent alcoholic beverage they brew is popular with the American GIs and a big money-maker, he falls in with their",
"psg_id": "9630896"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep",
"text": "the case now over, Marlowe goes to a local bar and orders several double Scotches. While drinking, he begins to think about Mona \"Silver-Wig\" Mars. He never sees her again. \"The Big Sleep\", like most of Chandler's novels, was written by what he called \"cannibalizing\" his short stories. Chandler would take stories he had already published in the pulp magazine \"Black Mask\" and rework them into a coherent novel. For \"The Big Sleep\", the two main stories that form the core of the novel are \"Killer in the Rain\" (published in 1935) and \"The Curtain\" (published in 1936). Although the",
"psg_id": "769377"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "want the best for her, to which he agrees and consents to his son's marriage to Lorelei. The film closes with a double wedding for Lorelei and Dorothy, who marry Esmond and Malone, respectively. The film earned 5.3 million dollars at the box office worldwide, 5.1 million in North America, and was the ninth highest-grossing film of 1953, whereas Monroe's next feature \"How to Marry a Millionaire\" was the fourth. The film received positive reviews from critics. Monroe and Russell were both praised for their performances as Lorelei and Dorothy even among those critics who were not otherwise impressed by",
"psg_id": "2478771"
},
{
"title": "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend",
"text": "film to \"help you feed your pussycat.\" Additionally, a lyrical snippet from Madonna's song \"Material Girl\" was worked into this adaptation of the song. Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" is a jazz song introduced by Carol Channing in the original Broadway production of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" (1949), which was written by Jule Styne and Leo Robin. It was based on a novel by Anita Loos. The song is perhaps most famously performed by Marilyn Monroe in the 1953 film \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\". Monroe's character, Lorelei Lee, has been followed on a Transatlantic ocean",
"psg_id": "7780433"
},
{
"title": "Anna Nicole Smith",
"text": "Monroe's \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" segment in \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\", a 2004 ad states, \"Gentlemen prefer fur-free blondes.\" Due to her support of the anti-fur movement, in particular her criticism of Canadian seal hunting, PETA began a petition in memory of Smith asking Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper to end the annual tradition. In another ad the following year, Smith posed with her dogs in a campaign against Iams dog food for their alleged cruelty to animals, as well as the manufacturer Procter & Gamble and sister company Eukanuba. While performing in October 1991 at Gigi's (a Houston",
"psg_id": "769302"
},
{
"title": "Marilyn Monroe performances and awards",
"text": "\"American National Biography\", considers the typecast \"an unfair stereotype that bothered her throughout her career\". Her major breakthrough came in 1953, when she starred in three pictures: the film noir \"Niagara\", and the comedies \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" and \"How to Marry a Millionaire\". Sarah Churchwell, Monroe's biographer, notes that \"unconscious, rather than conscious, sexuality would become the Marilyn hallmark after 1953\", and the actress became one of the most popular and recognizable people in America. In 1955 Monroe appeared in the Billy Wilder–directed comedy \"The Seven Year Itch\", in which she becomes the object of her married neighbor's sexual fantasies.",
"psg_id": "11641295"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (1946 film)",
"text": "screenwriters knew whether chauffeur Owen Taylor was murdered or had killed himself. They sent a cable to Chandler, who told a friend in a later letter: \"They sent me a wire ... asking me, and dammit I didn't know either\". After its completion, Warner Bros. did not release \"The Big Sleep\" until they had turned out a backlog of war-related films. Because the war was ending, the studio feared the public might lose interest in the films, while \"The Big Sleep\" subject was not time-sensitive. Attentive observers will note indications of the film's wartime production, such as period dialogue, pictures",
"psg_id": "4789905"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (1946 film)",
"text": "on the restoration of the 1945 version. Film critic Walter Chaw writes of the DVD releases of \"The Big Sleep\" and \"To Have and Have Not\" (1944), \"The fullscreen transfer of \"The Big Sleep\" is generally good but, again, not crystalline, though the grain that afflicts the earlier picture is blissfully absent. Shadow detail is strong—important given that \"The Big Sleep\" is oneiric—and while the brightness seems uneven, it's not enough to be terribly distracting. The DD 1.0 audio is just fine.\" A Blu-ray edition was released by Warner Bros. in 2015. It \"includes the 1945 cut of the film",
"psg_id": "4789917"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "through the window and takes pictures of the two, but is caught by Dorothy as he walks away nonchalantly. She tells Lorelei, who fears for her reputation. They come up with a scheme to intoxicate Malone and then search him to recover the incriminating film while he is unconscious. They find the film in his pants, and Lorelei promptly prints and hides the negatives. Revealing her success to Piggy, she persuades him to give her Lady Beekman's tiara as a thank you gift. However, Malone reveals he had planted a recording device in Lorelei's cabin, and has heard her discussion",
"psg_id": "2478767"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "Christina Aguilera and James Franco. Lorelei Lee (Marilyn Monroe) and Dorothy Shaw (Jane Russell) are American showgirls and best friends. Lorelei has a passion for diamonds, believing that attracting a rich husband is one of the few ways a woman can succeed economically. She is engaged to Gus Esmond (Tommy Noonan), a naïve nerd willing to do or buy anything for her. However, Gus is under the control of his wealthy, upper-class father. Dorothy, on the other hand, is looking for a different kind of love, attracted only to men who are good-looking and fit. Lorelei plans to wed Gus",
"psg_id": "2478764"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "extravagance was faked: Every jewel she bought was paste and it was a test of his love. She says he fell into the trap and should be ashamed of himself. Remorseful, Spoffard vows to marry her and finance Montrose’s movie. Lorelei gets everything she wants, but says she is simply happy to make everyone else happy. \"TIME\" headed its review of the book \"Moronese\" and compared it to \"The Diary of a Young Lady of Fashion in the Year 1764-65\" by Cleone Knox. The book was filmed twice and made into a Broadway musical in 1949 starring Carol Channing. The",
"psg_id": "9404762"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "attempting to rape her), so she was acquitted; they make up. The Americans miss the United States (\"Homesick Blues\") and go home. Lorelei delays marrying Gus until his father accepts her. Mrs. Spofford gives Dorothy some advice (\"Keeping Cool with Coolidge\"). Gus's father, Mr. Esmond, arrives and finds that Lorelei is wearing a dress covered in his buttons and that she knows everything about his business (\"Button Up with Esmond\"). He is impressed and approves of the marriage. The musical opened on Broadway at the Ziegfeld Theatre on December 8, 1949 and closed September 15, 1951, after 740 performances. It",
"psg_id": "9404773"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "Anne Hart as Dorothy, and Bessie Love as Mrs. Ella Spofford. A revised version entitled \"Lorelei\" opened on Broadway at the Palace Theatre on January 27, 1974, and ran for 320 performances. This production also starred Carol Channing, for which she received a Tony Award nomination, Best Actress in a Musical. The Goodspeed Opera House, East Haddam, Connecticut, revival ran in November 1994, and featured KT Sullivan as Lorelei Lee, Karen Prunzik as Dorothy Shaw, Jamie Ross as Josephus Gage, and Allen Fitzpatrick as Gus Esmond. The production transferred to Broadway at the Lyceum Theatre on April 10, 1995 and",
"psg_id": "9404775"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "at a Paris club. Lady Beekman and the two detectives are still trying to recover her tiara. Sir Francis is there with two ladies. Lorelei and Dorothy are there with Josephus and Henry. Gus arrives and nearly comes to blows with Josephus. The floor show includes performances by Gloria (\"Mamie Is Mimi\") and Coquette. Lorelei sings too (\"Diamonds are a Girl's Best Friend\"). Gus tells Lorelei that he loves her so much that he would leave his father's business for her sake. She admits that she shot a man in Little Rock, but it was in self-defense (the man was",
"psg_id": "9404772"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "a wealthy man to buy it for her, and settles on Sir Francis Beekman, whom Lorelei calls ‘Piggie’. She is warned that he is a miser, but with flattery and the promise of discretion (as he is married), she manages to get him to buy the tiara for her. Meanwhile Dorothy takes up with an unemployed ballroom dancer named Gerry. They meet the Prince of Wales and Dorothy thinks it is divine; she is especially impressed with Coty, Cartier, and the ‘Eyeful’ Tower. While spends time with a French viscount, he spends hardly any money on her, leading her to",
"psg_id": "9404752"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "the rich Philadelphian Henry Spofford III, and an Englishman, Sir Francis (Piggy) Beekman. Lorelei is worried that Gus will find out about an old secret of hers and break off their engagement (\"I’m Just A Little Girl From Little Rock\"), and she is afraid to open a wire that she receives from him. Meanwhile, Dorothy flirts with a group of olympic sportsmen (\"I Love What I’m Doing (When I’m Doing It For Love)\"). Lorelei disapproves of this as the Olympians are poor; she is sure that Gus has broken up with her and tells Dorothy that they need to find",
"psg_id": "9404769"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "tells him that there is mental illness in Lorelei’s family and that she is pathologically extravagant. Meanwhile, Lorelei is having lunch with the fascinating Mr. Montrose. She tells him of her plan to rid herself of Spoffard. When Montrose expresses regret because he hoped Spoffard could be persuaded to finance his new movie and she would star in the lead role, Lorelei decides she would like to marry Spoffard and have a movie career. Fearing she has already lost Spoffard, she telephones Dorothy, but Spoffard has already left for Penn Station. Lorelei rushes to him and informs him that her",
"psg_id": "9404761"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "mother that Lorelei is the reason her son has been neglectful of her of late. Fearing that Miss Chapman will cause Spoffard to renounce her company, Lorelei takes Spoffard out for a moonlit drive and tells him all about herself and her beginnings in Little Rock. She puts a slant on the story that makes it sound like a Puritan spiritual biography. Spoffard begins to cry because of the ordeals Lorelei has suffered, and even compares her to Mary Magdalene. He arranges for Lorelei to meet his mother. Explaining that she is a Christian Scientist, Lorelei tells Spoffard’s mother that",
"psg_id": "9404757"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "some rich men. Lorelei chooses the zipper king, Josephus Gage. For Dorothy she chooses Henry Spofford. Lady Beekman is trying to sell her tiara to an American. Lorelei wishes to buy it, but does not have the money, so she decides to persuade Sir Francis to lend her the money (\"Its Delightful Down In Chile\"). On arrival in Paris, Dorothy and Henry are becoming attracted to each other (\"Sunshine\"). Two French detectives, Robert and Louie Lemanteur, are looking for Lorelei, trying to recover Lady Beekman’s tiara. They don't speak much English, but they fall for the charms of the girls",
"psg_id": "9404770"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "club members mix with bootleggers. The police are called but Dorothy wins over Judge Schultzmeyer. Unsure about marrying Spoffard, Lorelei decides to discourage his love by going on a mammoth shopping spree and charging it all to him. Whilst on the train to New York, she meets Gilbertson Montrose, a movie scenario writer. She realises how much more fascinating Montrose is compared to Spoffard. She enlists Dorothy’s help to get rid of Spoffard. Dorothy shows Spoffard everything Lorelei has bought and tells him she has gone to look at the Russian crown jewels with a view to buying them. She",
"psg_id": "9404760"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "quandary. Spoffard has money, but she is not attracted to him. Henry Spoffard is waiting for Lorelei when she arrives in New York. He tells her he has looked everywhere for an engagement ring but none were good enough for her, so he gives her his college ring. Using all her self-control, she tells him she happy he is so full of nothing but sentiment. Lorelei decides that she should come out into polite society and plans a debutante ball for herself. The debut ball lasts three days and is reported on the front page of the newspapers. Society sports",
"psg_id": "9404759"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (novel)",
"text": "conclude that a kiss on the hand may make one feel very good, but a diamond tiara lasts forever. Sir Francis Beekman’s wife, Lady Beekman, has learned that her husband bought the diamond tiara for Lorelei and arrives in Paris to confront her. She is furious because in 35 years of marriage, her husband has never given her a gift. She accuses Lorelei of seducing her husband. Dorothy defends Lorelei’s reputation to great comic effect. The next morning, Mr. Robert Broussard bursts into their room and rants at them in French. As they do not speak French, Broussard telephones his",
"psg_id": "9404753"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (musical)",
"text": "and offer to take them out. Josephus Gage arrives with Lorelei, wearing the first French dress to use a zipper. It is suggested that everyone have cocktails, to Mrs Spofford’s delight, but Josephus does not drink, instead eating raw carrots (\"I’m a Tingle I’m Aglow\"). Henry, left alone with Dorothy, proposes marriage (\"You Say You Care\"), but she says that she is not good enough for him. Gus arrives suddenly and discovers that Lorelei is dating Josephus. His father has always disapproved of Lorelei. Gus retaliates by dating Gloria Stark, a dancer, promising to make her a star. Everyone is",
"psg_id": "9404771"
},
{
"title": "Legally Blondes",
"text": "Legally Blondes Legally Blondes is a 2009 American comedy film. It is a spin-off of the \"Legally Blonde\" film series. It was directed by Savage Steve Holland and co-produced by Reese Witherspoon, who played Elle Woods in the first two films. The film stars Camilla and Rebecca Rosso as Elle's British twin cousins. The film was released on DVD on April 28, 2009, and aired on ABC Family and Disney Channel. It was universally panned by film critics. Starting in the United Kingdom, Isabelle \"Izzy\" (Rebecca Rosso) and Annabelle \"Annie\" Woods (Camilla Rosso) are introduced as clever twin girls with",
"psg_id": "11008724"
},
{
"title": "The French Line",
"text": "itself as of a high order.\" Among more recent assessments, \"Time Out London\" described the song-and-dance routines as looking like \"out-takes from \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" and \"How to Marry a Millionaire\", and Craig Butler of AllMovie gave it one-and-a-half out of five stars, calling it \"loud, garish and trashy -- but not so much so as to be more than intermittently fun and amusing.\" The French Line The French Line is a 1953 musical film starring Jane Russell made by RKO Radio Pictures, directed by Lloyd Bacon and produced by Edmund Grainger, with Howard Hughes as executive producer. The screenplay",
"psg_id": "7979560"
},
{
"title": "Vanessa Abrams",
"text": "where she tells Jenny that her relationship with Nate might in fact be over. A week later, Vanessa and Chuck see Blair and Nate hugging. The two then conspire to tear their friendship apart. Vanessa attempts to make Nate jealous by kissing Chuck at Jenny's party, but when Nate and Blair appear unfazed, Vanessa and Chuck really do sleep together. In \"Southern Gentlemen Prefer Blondes,\" Vanessa and Dan play the drinking game I Never, in which she admits to sleeping with Chuck twice and regretting it both times. In the season finale, Vanessa and Nate catch up and become friends",
"psg_id": "11924589"
},
{
"title": "Dangerous Blondes",
"text": "works for fashion photographer Ralph McCormick (Edmund Lowe), and she believes the studio is being stalked by a murderer. Soon after, a wealthy socialite, Isabel Fleming (Mary Forbes), is murdered during a photo session. The police become involved and the investigation takes its course. Dangerous Blondes Dangerous Blondes is a 1943 American comedy film directed by Leigh Jason and written by Richard Flournoy and Jack Henley.The film stars Allyn Joslyn and Evelyn Keyes, and was released by Columbia Pictures in September 1943. Alternate titles for this film were \"Reckless Lady\" and \"The Case of the Dangerous Blondes\". A review in",
"psg_id": "20097597"
},
{
"title": "Dangerous Blondes",
"text": "Dangerous Blondes Dangerous Blondes is a 1943 American comedy film directed by Leigh Jason and written by Richard Flournoy and Jack Henley.The film stars Allyn Joslyn and Evelyn Keyes, and was released by Columbia Pictures in September 1943. Alternate titles for this film were \"Reckless Lady\" and \"The Case of the Dangerous Blondes\". A review in \"Vanity Fair\" review characterized the film as a \"laugh-packed session here via the antics of Allyn Joslyn and Evelyn Keyes.\" Barry Craig (Allyn Joslyn), a crime fiction writer, and his wife Jane (Evelyn Keyes) are approached by Jane's friend, Julie Taylor (Anita Louise). Julie",
"psg_id": "20097596"
},
{
"title": "Mamie Van Doren",
"text": "and starred in another sci-fi film, \"Voyage to the Planet of Prehistoric Women\" (1968), the following year, directed by Peter Bogdanovich. This film featured a completely unknown cast other than Van Doren. In 1968, she was offered the role of a murder victim in the independent horror film \"The Ice House\" as a replacement for Mansfield, who died the previous year. However, she turned the offer down and was replaced by Sabrina. Van Doren also developed a nightclub act and did live theater. She performed in stage productions of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" and \"Dames at Sea\" at the Drury Lane",
"psg_id": "3069173"
},
{
"title": "John Rando",
"text": "and Laura Bell Bundy as Trixie Norton. Rando directed several staged concerts of musicals for New York City Center's Encores!: \"Strike Up the Band\" (1998),\"Do Re Mi\" (1999) \"The Pajama Game\" (2002), \"On the Town\" (2008), \"Damn Yankees\" (2008), \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" (2012), \"It's a Bird...It's a Plane...It's Superman\" (2013), \"Little Me\" (2014) and \"The New Yorkers\" (2017). John Rando John Rando is an American stage director who won the Tony Award for Best Direction of a Musical for \"Urinetown the Musical\" in 2002. He received his 2nd nomination in the same category in 2015 for the 2014 Broadway revival",
"psg_id": "11998212"
},
{
"title": "Ruth Taylor (actress)",
"text": "looking for a blonde to play in a Harry Langdon comedy. She was chosen from around two hundred girls who responded to Sennett's call. She was also selected as one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars in 1928. In 1927, Taylor's two-year contract with Mack Sennett expired. She was cast as Lorelei Lee in the silent movie version of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" (1928). Directed by Malcolm St. Clair, the film co-starred Alice White and Ford Sterling. During the search for Lorelei Lee, fans sent 14,000 letters to Paramount Pictures. Each suggested a choice of an actress for the role. In return,",
"psg_id": "9760367"
},
{
"title": "Blondes at Work",
"text": "2011. Blondes at Work Blondes at Work is a 1938 American crime mystery film directed by Frank McDonald and written by Albert DeMond. The film stars Glenda Farrell and Barton MacLane. This is the fourth film in a series of Torchy Blane movies by Warner Bros. It was released on February 6, 1938. The film is followed by \"Torchy Blane in Panama\". Lieutenant Steve McBride (Barton MacLane) is in trouble with his boss, who suspects him of leaking police information to his girlfriend reporter Torchy Blane (Glenda Farrell). Torchy and Steve have an argument because Torchy keeps getting story after",
"psg_id": "18999101"
},
{
"title": "Blondes at Work",
"text": "Blondes at Work Blondes at Work is a 1938 American crime mystery film directed by Frank McDonald and written by Albert DeMond. The film stars Glenda Farrell and Barton MacLane. This is the fourth film in a series of Torchy Blane movies by Warner Bros. It was released on February 6, 1938. The film is followed by \"Torchy Blane in Panama\". Lieutenant Steve McBride (Barton MacLane) is in trouble with his boss, who suspects him of leaking police information to his girlfriend reporter Torchy Blane (Glenda Farrell). Torchy and Steve have an argument because Torchy keeps getting story after story",
"psg_id": "18999096"
},
{
"title": "The Long Blondes",
"text": "in June and unfortunately I do not know when/if I will be well enough to play the guitar again. On behalf of the band I'd like to say a big thank you to anyone who ever came to one of our shows, bought one of our records or danced to one of our songs in a club.\" The announcement was made the same day their compilation \"\"Singles\"\" was released, with the inside of the rear album art also containing news of the break-up. Upon their split, \"The Guardian\" wrote an article entitled \"Why music will miss the Long Blondes\". It",
"psg_id": "6822557"
},
{
"title": "Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains",
"text": "Francisco. Rhino Home Video released a DVD on September 16, 2008. It is now out of print. Fans of the film include writer/podcaster Jake Fogelnest, and underground filmmaker Sarah Jacobson, as well as musician/actress Kate Nash who revealed in a web interview that she dyed her hair to match Corinne's. In 2000, Jacobson directed, with Sam Green, a short documentary on the film for the IFC television show \"Split Screen\". Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains Ladies and Gentlemen, The Fabulous Stains is a 1982 film about three teenage girls, played by Diane Lane, Laura Dern and Marin Kanter, who",
"psg_id": "2279266"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (1946 film)",
"text": "war. Bacall's agent, Charles K. Feldman, asked that portions of the film be re-shot to capitalize on their chemistry and counteract the negative press Bacall had received for her 1945 performance in \"Confidential Agent\" which was released prior to \"The Big Sleep\" even though produced after it. Producer Jack L. Warner agreed, and new scenes for \"The Big Sleep\", such as the sexually suggestive racehorse dialogue, were added (scripted by an uncredited Julius Epstein). The re-shot ending featured Peggy Knudsen as Mona Mars because Pat Clark, the originally cast actress, was unavailable. Furthermore, the parts of James Flavin and Thomas",
"psg_id": "4789907"
},
{
"title": "The Big Sleep (1946 film)",
"text": "E. Jackson were completely eliminated. Because of the two versions created by the re-shooting, there is a substantial difference in content of some twenty minutes between them, although the difference in running time is two minutes. Novelist Raymond Chandler said Martha Vickers (Carmen) overshadowed Lauren Bacall (Vivian) in their scenes together, which led the producers to delete much of Vickers' performance to enhance Bacall's. The re-shot, re-edited and revised \"The Big Sleep\" was finally released on 23 August 1946. The cinematic release of \"The Big Sleep\" is regarded as more successful than the 1945 pre-release version (see below), even though",
"psg_id": "4789908"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Borden",
"text": "featured role in Christy Cabanne's \"The Slacker\". Over the next 43 years, Borden appeared in 160 feature films, usually in uncredited roles, many of which were as characters do menial labor, such as headwaiters, porters, pursers and coachmen. During his long career in films, Borden appeared in many notable movies. During the silent era, he appeared in such notable productions as: George D. Baker's \"Revelation\" (1918); \"Blue Blood\" (1925), directed by Scott R. Dunlap; and the original film version of \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\" (1928), directed by Malcolm St. Clair. During this time, Borden also appeared in two successful Broadway plays:",
"psg_id": "18808028"
},
{
"title": "The League of Gentlemen (film)",
"text": "Newman who features in the film as Major Rutland-Smith's wife. The book and film inspired both Alan Moore's comic series The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen and its spin-off movie, and the British comedy troupe The League of Gentlemen. The League of Gentlemen (film) The League of Gentlemen is a 1960 British criminal comedy film directed by Basil Dearden and starring Jack Hawkins, Nigel Patrick, Roger Livesey, and Richard Attenborough. It is based on the 1958 novel \"The League of Gentlemen\" by John Boland and adapted by Bryan Forbes, who also starred in the film. A manhole opens at night in",
"psg_id": "1645054"
},
{
"title": "Maison Devambez",
"text": "Written in English by Jacques Deval, it mimics the style of Anita Loos’ \"Gentlemen Prefer Blondes\". The title is …and blondes prefer Paris. Four letters, twenty-two postcards, two night letters and one cable from his sweet, sweet Annabel Flowers to her darling, darling, George Sabran. La Maison Devambez became intimately connected with the other grand houses of fashionable Paris. The 1927 book Les Arcades des Champs Élysées celebrated the achievement of the architect Marcel Duhayon. Marcel Duhayon designed luxury hotels in Paris : Hotel Royal Monceau, Hotel Commodore, Hotel California, Grand Hotel des Ambassadeurs. He was the uncle of Suzanne",
"psg_id": "13364990"
},
{
"title": "The Body in the Seine",
"text": "Davis, who conducted the orchestra and chorus, had worked on such Broadway musicals as High Button Shoes, Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, Top Banana and Make a Wish. The Body in the Seine The Body in the Seine is an original \"album musical\" created by songwriter David M. Lippincott and given a limited release in 1954. Because of its rarity, many collectors of original cast albums consider it \"the holy grail\" of recordings. Although \"The Body in the Seine\" (subtitled \"A Musical Tour de Force Through Paris\") sounds like the cast album of a Broadway musical, it actually was complete in itself,",
"psg_id": "11811969"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "not much more is needed when patrons can look at Russell-Monroe lines as displayed in slick costumes and Technicolor.\" \"Harrison's Reports\" wrote: \"Both Jane Russell and Marilyn Monroe are nothing short of sensational in the leading roles. They not only act well, but the sexy manner in which they display their song, dance and pulchritude values just about sets the screen on fire and certainly is crowd-pleasing, judging by the thunderous applause at the preview after each of the well-staged musical numbers.\" John McCarten of \"The New Yorker\" wrote that the two leads \"have a good deal of enthusiasm, and",
"psg_id": "2478773"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "with Piggy about the pictures and the tiara. Malone implies that Lorelei is a golddigger and, when Dorothy scolds him for his actions, admits that he himself is a liar. However, Dorothy reveals to Lorelei she is falling for Malone, after which Lorelei chastises her for choosing a poor man when she could easily have a rich one. The ship arrives in France, and Lorelei and Dorothy spend time shopping. However, the pair are then kicked out of their hotel and discover Lorelei's letter of credit has been cancelled due to the information Malone shared with Esmond, Sr. When Gus",
"psg_id": "2478768"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "and Adamson were written especially for the film. Depsite the film's title, Monroe was paid her usual contract salary of $500 a week, while Russell, the more known and experienced actress of the two, earned $200,000. While Russell's down-to-earth, sharp wit has been noted by most critics, it was Monroe's turn as the gold-digging Lorelei Lee for which the film is often remembered. Monroe's rendition of the song \"Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend\" and her pink dress are considered iconic, and the performance has inspired homages by Beyonce , Madonna, Geri Halliwell, Kylie Minogue, Nicole Kidman, Anna Nicole Smith,",
"psg_id": "2478763"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "blonde wig and mimicking her friend's breathy voice and mannerisms. When Malone appears in court and is about to unmask \"Lorelei\" as Dorothy, she reveals to Malone in covert language that she, Dorothy, loves him but would never forgive him if he were to do anything to hurt her best friend, Lorelei. Malone withdraws his comments, but then reveals Piggy has the tiara, exonerating Lorelei. Back at the nightclub, Lorelei impresses Esmond, Sr. with a speech on the subject of paternal money, and also makes an argument that if Esmond, Sr. had a daughter instead of a son, he would",
"psg_id": "2478770"
},
{
"title": "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953 film)",
"text": "occasionally their exuberance offsets the tedium of one long series of variations on the sort of anatomical joke that used to amuse the customers of Minsky so inordinately.\" \"The Monthly Film Bulletin\" praised Jane Russell for her \"enjoyable Dorothy, full of gusto and good nature,\" but thought that the film had been compromised from the play \"by the casting of Marilyn Monroe, by the abandonment of the 20s period and the incongruous up-to-date streamlining, by inflating some bright, witty songs into lavish production numbers, and by tamely ending the whole thing by letting two true loves conventionally come true. There",
"psg_id": "2478774"
}
] | [
"howard hawk",
"howard winchester hawks",
"howard hawks"
] |
in which year was the talkie the jazz singer released? | [
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "27, \"The Jazz Singer\" became the first feature-length talking picture to be shown in Europe when it premiered at London's Piccadilly Theatre. The movie \"created a sensation\", according to British film historian Rachael Low. \"\"The Jazz Singer\" was a turning point [for the introduction of sound]. \"The Bioscope\" greeted it with, 'We are inclined to wonder why we ever called them Living Pictures.'\" The Paris sound premiere followed in January 1929. Before the 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in May 1929, honoring films released between August 1927 and July 1928, \"The Jazz Singer\" was ruled ineligible for the two",
"psg_id": "772807"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer (soundtrack)",
"text": "The Jazz Singer (soundtrack) The Jazz Singer is an album by Neil Diamond from 1980, which served as the soundtrack album to the 1980 remake of the film \"The Jazz Singer\". The soundtrack was released in November 1980 originally on Capitol Records, instead of his then-usual Columbia Records, because the film was produced by EMI Films, owned by the parent company of the label for which the soundtrack was released. The soundtrack was re-released in February 1996 on Columbia Records in the United States and Sony elsewhere. After Diamond signed with Capitol Records, this album was reissued by Capitol globally",
"psg_id": "7606086"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer (soundtrack)",
"text": "\"Love on the Rocks\", \"Hello Again\" and \"America\" reaching #2, #6, and #8 respectively. The Jazz Singer (soundtrack) The Jazz Singer is an album by Neil Diamond from 1980, which served as the soundtrack album to the 1980 remake of the film \"The Jazz Singer\". The soundtrack was released in November 1980 originally on Capitol Records, instead of his then-usual Columbia Records, because the film was produced by EMI Films, owned by the parent company of the label for which the soundtrack was released. The soundtrack was re-released in February 1996 on Columbia Records in the United States and Sony",
"psg_id": "7606088"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\" motion pictures. In 1998, the film was chosen in voting conducted by the American Film Institute as one of the best American films of all time, ranking at number ninety. In 2007, a three-disc deluxe DVD edition of the film was released. The supplemental material includes Jolson's 1926 Vitaphone short, \"A Plantation Act\". Awards Nominations On June 2, 1947, \"The Jazz Singer\" was presented on \"Lux Radio Theatre\" on CBS. The one-hour adaptation starred Jolson and Gail Patrick. The Jazz Singer The Jazz Singer is",
"psg_id": "772818"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Age (film)",
"text": "to the city council, Mr. Randall (Ratcliffe) threatens Steve with arrest, Sue admits her culpability, and announces her intentions of marrying Steve. RKO released \"The Jazz Age\" in both a silent and part-talkie version, so the film could be shown in theaters equipped for sound, and for those not equipped for sound. The part-talkie version was recorded in RCA Photophone. There was a later documentary film produced by NBC News Project 20, narrated by Fred Allen also titled \"The Jazz Age\" (1956), and a 15-episode TV series of the same name on the BBC (1968). Both the IMDB and TCM",
"psg_id": "14205837"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "Dueling Cavalier\", into a talking picture in response to \"The Jazz Singer\"'s success. The plot of the \"Simpsons\" episode \"Like Father, Like Clown\" (1991) parallels the tale of Jakie Rabinowitz/Jack Robin. Krusty the Clown's rabbi father disapproves of his son's choice to be a comedian, telling him, \"You have brought shame on our family! Oh, if you were a musician or a jazz singer, this I could forgive.\" \"The Jazz Singer\"s story continues to be evoked in pictures such as Warner Bros.' animated \"Happy Feet\" (2006). According to film historian Krin Gabbard, \"The Jazz Singer\" \"provides the basic narrative for",
"psg_id": "772816"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer (Ford Startime)",
"text": "of the aged and ailing cantor battling his son, had played the same role in the similar theatrical film version of the story starring Danny Thomas that had been released just seven years earlier, in 1952. The first official home video release, a DVD including both the kinescope and color videotape material from Lewis' personal holdings, was released on February 7, 2012. The Jazz Singer (Ford Startime) The Jazz Singer is a videotaped adaptation, starring Jerry Lewis, of Samson Raphaelson's play of the same name. It was broadcast on October 13, 1959, as the second episode of the American television",
"psg_id": "11826707"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "cost for \"The Jazz Singer\" was $422,000 (approximately US$5.76 million in 2015 dollars)—a large sum, especially for Warner Bros., which rarely spent more than $250,000. It was by no means a record for the studio, however; two features starring John Barrymore had been costlier: \"The Sea Beast\" (1926), a loose and entirely silent adaptation of \"Moby-Dick\", at $503,000 and \"Don Juan\" at $546,000. Nonetheless, the outlay constituted a major gamble in light of the studio's financial straits: while \"The Jazz Singer\" was in production, Harry Warner stopped taking a salary, pawned jewelry belonging to his wife, and moved his family",
"psg_id": "772793"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "Best Writing (Adaptation) at the 1st Academy Awards. In 1996, \"The Jazz Singer\" was selected for preservation in the National Film Registry of \"culturally, historically or aesthetically significant\" motion pictures. In 1998, the film was chosen in voting conducted by the American Film Institute as one of the best American films of all time, ranking at number ninety. Cantor Rabinowitz wants his son to carry on the generations-old family tradition and become a cantor at the synagogue in the Jewish ghetto of Manhattan's Lower East Side. But down at the beer garden, thirteen-year-old Jakie Rabinowitz is performing so-called jazz tunes.",
"psg_id": "772770"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer (play)",
"text": "Jazz Singer\" have been produced: a 1952 remake, starring Danny Thomas and Peggy Lee; a 1959 television remake, starring Jerry Lewis; and a 1980 remake starring Neil Diamond, Lucie Arnaz, and Laurence Olivier. \"The Jazz Singer\" was adapted as a one-hour radio play on two broadcasts of \"Lux Radio Theater\", both starring Jolson, reprising his screen role. The first aired August 10, 1936; the second on June 2, 1947. The Jazz Singer (play) The Jazz Singer is a play written by Samson Raphaelson, based on his short story \"The Day of Atonement\". Producers Albert Lewis and Max Gordon staged it",
"psg_id": "19798172"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "which is now widely considered to be racist – is the primary focus of many \"Jazz Singer\" studies. Its crucial and unusual role is described by scholar Corin Willis: In contrast to the racial jokes and innuendo brought out in its subsequent persistence in early sound film, blackface imagery in \"The Jazz Singer\" is at the core of the film's central theme, an expressive and artistic exploration of the notion of duplicity and ethnic hybridity within American identity. Of the more than seventy examples of blackface in early sound film 1927–53 that I have viewed (including the nine blackface appearances",
"psg_id": "772809"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "cents, while the price at my theatre was $3.00.\" As the truly pivotal event, Crafton points to the national release of the film's sound version in early 1928—he dates it to January, Block and Wilson to February 4. In March, Warners announced that \"The Jazz Singer\" was playing at a record 235 theaters (though many could still show it only silently). In May, a consortium including the leading Hollywood studios signed up with Western Electric's licensing division, ERPI, for sound conversion. In July, Warner Bros. released the first all-talking feature, \"Lights of New York\", a musical crime melodrama. On September",
"psg_id": "772806"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "had been somewhat more modest.\" The film had other effects that were more immediate. George Jessel, who was in his third season touring with the stage production of \"The Jazz Singer\", later described what happened to his show—perhaps anticipating how sound would soon cement Hollywood's dominance of the American entertainment industry: \"A week or two after the Washington engagement the sound-and-picture version of \"The Jazz Singer\" with Al Jolson was sweeping the country, and I was swept out of business. I couldn't compete with a picture theatre across the street showing the first great sound picture in the world...for fifty",
"psg_id": "772805"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "singing sequences and some synchronized speech: Two popular tunes are performed by the young Jakie Rabinowitz, the future Jazz Singer; his father, a cantor, performs the devotional Kol Nidre; the famous cantor Yossele Rosenblatt, appearing as himself, sings another religious melody, Kaddish. As the adult Jack Robin, Jolson performs six songs, five popular \"jazz\" tunes and the Kol Nidre. The sound for the film was recorded by British-born George Groves, who had also worked on \"Don Juan\". To direct, the studio chose Alan Crosland, who already had two Vitaphone films to his credit: \"Don Juan\" and \"Old San Francisco\", which",
"psg_id": "772788"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "it all: the satisfaction of taking his father's place \"and\" of conquering the Winter Garden. They were, perhaps unwittingly, dramatizing some of their own ambivalence about the debt first-generation Americans owed their parents.\" Three subsequent screen versions of \"The Jazz Singer\" have been produced: a 1952 remake, starring Danny Thomas and Peggy Lee; a 1959 television remake, starring Jerry Lewis; and a 1980 remake starring Neil Diamond, Lucie Arnaz, and Laurence Olivier. \"The Jazz Singer\" was adapted as a one-hour radio play on two broadcasts of Lux Radio Theater, both starring Al Jolson, reprising his screen role. The first aired",
"psg_id": "772814"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "movie theaters to sound was still in its early stages, the film actually arrived at many of those secondary venues in a silent version. On the other hand, Crafton's statement that \"The Jazz Singer\" \"was in a distinct second or third tier of attractions compared to the most popular films of the day and even other Vitaphone talkies\" is also incorrect. In fact, the film was easily the biggest earner in Warner Bros. history, and would remain so until it was surpassed a year later by \"The Singing Fool\", another Jolson feature. In the larger scope of Hollywood, among films",
"psg_id": "772801"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "his last, forgiving words: \"Mama, we have our son again.\" The spirit of Jack's father is shown at his side in the synagogue. Mary has come to listen. She sees how Jack has reconciled the division in his soul: \"a jazz singer—singing to his God.\" \"The season passes—and time heals—the show goes on.\" Jack, as \"The Jazz Singer,\" is now appearing at the Winter Garden theater, apparently as the featured performer opening for a show called \"Back Room\". In the front row of the packed theater, his mother sits alongside Yudleson. Jack, in blackface, performs the song \"My Mammy\" for",
"psg_id": "772778"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "top prizes—the Outstanding Picture, Production and the Unique and Artistic Production—on the basis that it would have been unfair competition for the silent pictures under consideration. By mid-1929, Hollywood was producing almost exclusively sound films; by the end of the following year, the same was true in much of Western Europe. Jolson went on to make a series of movies for Warners, including \"The Singing Fool\", a part-talkie, and the all-talking features \"Say It with Songs\" (1929), \"Mammy\" (1930), and \"Big Boy\" (1930). Jack Robin's use of blackface in his Broadway stage act – a common practice at the time,",
"psg_id": "772808"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer (Ford Startime)",
"text": "The Jazz Singer (Ford Startime) The Jazz Singer is a videotaped adaptation, starring Jerry Lewis, of Samson Raphaelson's play of the same name. It was broadcast on October 13, 1959, as the second episode of the American television anthology series on NBC, \"Ford Startime\". Cantor Rabinowitz (Eduard Franz) is upset that his son Joey (Jerry Lewis) has left home to pursue a career as a singer/comedian after showing no interest in carrying on the family's tradition of being Cantors in the synagogue. After five generations of doing so, it appears that Joey is more interested in making jokes and singing",
"psg_id": "11826705"
},
{
"title": "Talkie Walkie",
"text": "Talkie Walkie Talkie Walkie is the third studio album by French music duo Air, released on 27 January 2004. \"Alone in Kyoto\" was included on the soundtrack to the 2003 film \"Lost in Translation\" and \"Run\" was used in the \"Veronica Mars\" episode \"Nobody Puts Baby in a Corner\", as well as the 2004 French film \"Lila Says\". \"Talkie-walkie\" means walkie-talkie in French. As of 2006, the album had sold 161,000 copies in United States according to Nielsen SoundScan. It was reported in 2004 that according to the Virgin label at that time the album had shipped 450,000 copies outside",
"psg_id": "4338526"
},
{
"title": "Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka",
"text": "Jazz Singer\" was released in the United States as the first talkie film, and Japanese film companies began working on creating them as well. Shochiku released in 1931, the first Japanese talkie. Due to the success of this film, the president of Shochiku, Shirō Kido, commissioned Masaoka to make the first anime talkie, and he began working on it immediately. Masaoka worked on the film for a little over a year and finally completed it in October 1932. The film was released in theaters the following year on 13 April 1933. At this time, the job of voice actor did",
"psg_id": "13384454"
},
{
"title": "Talkie Walkie",
"text": "given to the subtle touch producer Nigel Godrich and string arranger Michel Colombier presumably brought to the album at its final stage, and the more personal and tighter song writing. \"Pitchfork\" named \"Talkie Walkie\" the twentieth-best album of 2004, and they placed it at number 191 on its list of top 200 albums of the 2000s. Talkie Walkie Talkie Walkie is the third studio album by French music duo Air, released on 27 January 2004. \"Alone in Kyoto\" was included on the soundtrack to the 2003 film \"Lost in Translation\" and \"Run\" was used in the \"Veronica Mars\" episode \"Nobody",
"psg_id": "4338528"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "Vitaphone exhibition contract virtually guaranteed long runs. Theaters had to book \"The Jazz Singer\" for full rather than split weeks. Instead of the traditional flat rental fee, Warners took a percentage of the gate. A sliding scale meant that the exhibitor's take increased the longer the film was held over. The signing of this contract by the greater New York Fox Theatres circuit was regarded as a headline-making precedent. Similar arrangements, based on a percentage of the gross rather than flat rental fees, would soon become standard for the U.S. film industry's high-end or \"A\" product. Though in retrospect it",
"psg_id": "772803"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "had seen emotional intensity like Jolson's only among synagogue cantors. A few years later, pursuing a professional literary career, Raphaelson wrote \"The Day of Atonement\", a short story about a young Jew named Jakie Rabinowitz, based on Jolson's real life. The story was published in January 1922 in \"Everybody's Magazine\". Raphaelson later adapted the story into a stage play, \"The Jazz Singer\". A straight drama, all the singing in Raphaelson's version takes place offstage. With George Jessel in the lead role, the show premiered at the Warner Theatre in Times Square on September 1925 and became a hit. Warner Bros.",
"psg_id": "772780"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "blacking-up scene at the dress rehearsal. Jack Robin needs the blackface mask as the agency of his compounded identity. Blackface will hold all the identities together without freezing them in a singular relationship or replacing their parts.\" Seymour Stark's view is less sanguine. In describing Jolson's extensive experience performing in blackface in stage musicals, he asserts, \"The immigrant Jew as Broadway star...works within a blackface minstrel tradition that obscures his Jewish pedigree, but proclaims his white identity. Jolson's slight Yiddish accent was hidden by a Southern veneer.\" Arguing that \"The Jazz Singer\" actually avoids honestly dealing with the tension between",
"psg_id": "772811"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "a motion picture, but rather a chance to capture for comparative immortality the sight and sound of a great performer.\" The \"Exhibitors Herald\"'s take was virtually identical: \"scarcely a motion picture. It should be more properly labeled an enlarged Vitaphone record of Al Jolson in half a dozen songs.\" The film received favorable reviews in both the Jewish press and in African American newspapers such as the Baltimore \"Afro-American\", the \"New York Amsterdam News\", and the \"Pittsburgh Courier\". The headline of the \"Los Angeles Times\" review told a somewhat different story: \"'Jazz Singer' Scores a Hit—Vitaphone and Al Jolson Responsible,",
"psg_id": "772799"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "when you said your career came before \"everything?\"\" Jack is unsure if he even can replace his father: \"I haven't sung Kol Nidre since I was a little boy.\" His mother tells him, \"Do what is in your heart, Jakie—if you sing and God is not in your voice — your father will know.\" The producer cajoles Jack: \"You're a \"jazz singer\" at heart!\" At the theater, the opening night audience is told that there will be no performance. Jack sings the Kol Nidre in his father's place. His father listens from his deathbed to the nearby ceremony and speaks",
"psg_id": "772777"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "the fictional story of Jakie Rabinowitz, a young man who defies the traditions of his devout Jewish family. After singing popular tunes in a beer garden he is punished by his father, a hazzan (cantor), prompting Jakie to run away from home. Some years later, now calling himself Jack Robin, he has become a talented jazz singer. He attempts to build a career as an entertainer but his professional ambitions ultimately come into conflict with the demands of his home and heritage. Darryl F. Zanuck won an Honorary Academy Award for producing the film; Alfred A. Cohn was nominated for",
"psg_id": "772769"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "kind of Jewishness, that of the modern American Jew.\" She observes that during the same period, the Jewish press was noting with pride that Jewish performers were adopting aspects of African American music. According to Scott Eyman, the film \"marks one of the few times Hollywood Jews allowed themselves to contemplate their own central cultural myth, and the conundrums that go with it. \"The Jazz Singer\" implicitly celebrates the ambition and drive needed to escape the \"shtetls\" of Europe and the ghettos of New York, and the attendant hunger for recognition. Jack, Sam, and Harry [Warner] let Jack Robin have",
"psg_id": "772813"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "opened while \"The Jazz Singer\" was in production. Jolson's first vocal performance, about fifteen minutes into the picture, is of \"Dirty Hands, Dirty Face,\" with music by James V. Monaco and lyrics by Edgar Leslie and Grant Clarke. The first synchronized speech, uttered by Jack to a cabaret crowd and to the piano player in the band that accompanies him, occurs directly after that performance, beginning at the 17:25 mark of the film. Jack's first spoken words—\"Wait a minute, wait a minute, you ain't heard nothin' yet\"—were well-established stage patter of Jolson's. He had even spoken very similar lines in",
"psg_id": "772789"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "Jolson subsequently made), \"The Jazz Singer\" is unique in that it is the only film where blackface is central to the narrative development and thematic expression. The function and meaning of blackface in the film is intimately involved with Jack's own Jewish heritage and his desire to make his mark in mass American culture—much as the ethnically Jewish Jolson and the Warner brothers were doing themselves. Jack Robin \"compounds both tradition and stardom. The Warner Brothers thesis is that, really to succeed, a man must first acknowledge his ethnic self,\" argues W. T. Lhamon. \"[T]he whole film builds toward the",
"psg_id": "772810"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer",
"text": "\"April Follies\". Back at the family home Jack left long ago, the elder Rabinowitz instructs a young student in the traditional cantorial art. Jack appears and tries to explain his point of view, and his love of modern music, but the appalled cantor banishes him: \"I never want to see you again — you \"jazz singer!\"\" As he leaves, Jack makes a prediction: \"I came home with a heart full of love, but you don't want to understand. Some day you'll understand, the same as Mama does.\" Two weeks after Jack's expulsion from the family home and 24 hours before",
"psg_id": "772773"
},
{
"title": "Anita O'Day: The Life of a Jazz Singer",
"text": "the medium's finest singers, utilizing remarkable archive footage and insightful interviews with O'Day herself.\" Anita O'Day: The Life of a Jazz Singer Anita O'Day: The Life of a Jazz Singer is a 2007 American documentary film about the jazz singer Anita O'Day. The documentary, directed and produced by Robbie Cavolina and Ian McCrudden, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2007 and had a limited release on August 15, 2008. It was nominated for Best Long Form Music Video at the 52nd Grammy Awards. The film has received positive reviews. It has a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the",
"psg_id": "12334946"
},
{
"title": "Anita O'Day: The Life of a Jazz Singer",
"text": "Anita O'Day: The Life of a Jazz Singer Anita O'Day: The Life of a Jazz Singer is a 2007 American documentary film about the jazz singer Anita O'Day. The documentary, directed and produced by Robbie Cavolina and Ian McCrudden, premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in 2007 and had a limited release on August 15, 2008. It was nominated for Best Long Form Music Video at the 52nd Grammy Awards. The film has received positive reviews. It has a 100% rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with the Critic Consensus stating, \"This rich documentary chronicles the highs and lows of one of",
"psg_id": "12334945"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer (Ford Startime)",
"text": "jazz music. After a few years on his own, Joey, who now calls himself Joey Robbins, gets an opportunity to perform on the television show with Ginny Gibbons (Anna Maria Alberghetti). Unfortunately, his father falls ill during his rehearsal performance, and he runs to his side, putting show business aside for his family obligations. \"The Jazz Singer\" was produced on color videotape, and aired as a one-hour episode of the short-lived TV series, \"Lincoln-Mercury Startime\" (aka \"Ford Startime\"), and was preserved on black & white kinescope film. It has never been rebroadcast on NBC. Eduard Franz, who played the role",
"psg_id": "11826706"
},
{
"title": "Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)",
"text": "usually register). In 1977 she recorded the theme song for \"The Last Dinosaur\", a made-for-TV movie which opened in theaters in Japan. In 1982, Wilson recorded with Hank Jones and the Great Jazz Trio. In that same year she recorded with the whose members included Chick Corea and Joe Henderson. In 1987 she participated in a PBS show entitled \"Newport Jazz ‘87\" as the singer of a jazz trio with John Williams and Roy McCurdy. In 1982, she also signed with CBS, her albums here including \"The Two of Us\" (1984), duets with Ramsey Lewis produced by Stanley Clarke; \"Forbidden",
"psg_id": "3034837"
},
{
"title": "Walkie-talkie",
"text": "US military during World War II, the backpacked Motorola SCR-300. It was created by an engineering team in 1940 at the Galvin Manufacturing Company (forerunner of Motorola). The team consisted of Dan Noble, who conceived of the design using frequency modulation; Henryk Magnuski, who was the principal RF engineer; Marion Bond; Lloyd Morris; and Bill Vogel. The first handheld walkie-talkie was the AM SCR-536 transceiver from 1941, also made by Motorola, named the Handie-Talkie (HT). The terms are often confused today, but the original walkie-talkie referred to the back mounted model, while the handie-talkie was the device which could be",
"psg_id": "2307787"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Singer (1980 film)",
"text": "father, but he refuses to speak to Jess, until Jess tells him that he now has a grandson, at which point they finally reconcile. The film ends with Jess performing \"America\", with his father and Molly in attendance. In 1976 producer Jerry Leider saw Diamond perform at the Greek Theatre and asked him to star in a film. They decided on a remake of \"The Jazz Singer\". Leider spent ten months securing the rights from Warner Bros and United Artists, and hired Jerome Kass to write a treatment for MGM who were going to finance. Stephen Foreman was hired to",
"psg_id": "5733539"
},
{
"title": "The Singing Fool",
"text": "The Singing Fool The Singing Fool is a 1928 American musical drama Part-Talkie motion picture directed by Lloyd Bacon which was released by Warner Bros. The film stars Al Jolson and is a follow-up to his previous film, \"The Jazz Singer\". It is credited with helping to cement the popularity of American films of both sound and the musical genre. After years of hopeful struggle, Al Stone (Jolson) is on his way. \"I'm Sittin' on Top of the World\", he sings to an appreciative speakeasy crowd. But, as Al discovers, getting there is one thing. Staying there is another. Singing",
"psg_id": "5256875"
},
{
"title": "Walkie-talkie",
"text": "CM&S in 1937. He called the system a \"packset\", although it later became known as a \"walkie-talkie\". In 2001, Hings was formally decorated for the device's significance to the war effort. Hings' model C-58 \"Handy-Talkie\" was in military service by 1942, the result of a secret R&D effort that began in 1940. Alfred J. Gross, a radio engineer and one of the developers of the Joan-Eleanor system, also worked on the early technology behind the walkie-talkie between 1938 and 1941, and is sometimes credited with inventing it. The first device to be widely nicknamed a \"walkie-talkie\" was developed by the",
"psg_id": "2307786"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Firm",
"text": "At the 2003 LABBS Convention, they won the gold medal and the three category trophies for singing, presentation and music. During their gold medal year they acted as ambassadors for LABBS. They represented LABBS at the Buckeye Invitational Competition in Columbus, Ohio in August 2005, where they were placed third. They also placed second at an international convention hosted by LABBS in Cardiff in October 2005. Tenor singer Uli Grigoleit died on 12 December 2008 after battling cancer for 18 months. The Jazz Firm The Jazz Firm was a British vocal quartet specialising in close harmony jazz and barbershop arrangements.",
"psg_id": "10075180"
},
{
"title": "Part-talkie",
"text": "accompaniment. As the financial success of early part-talking feature-length sound films such as \"The Jazz Singer\" and \"The Singing Fool\" became apparent, producers of silent films which were currently in production, or which had recently been completed but not released, hastened to add or retrofit synchronized dialog sequences so that their films could be advertised as \"talking pictures\" to a newly sound-hungry public. \"You will hear the characters speak from the screen!\" the ads could truthfully promise, even if all the audible speech was confined to one brief sequence in an otherwise mute film. However, some films were hurt rather",
"psg_id": "8694518"
},
{
"title": "Walkie Talkie Man",
"text": "Walkie Talkie Man \"Walkie Talkie Man\" is a song by New Zealand band Steriogram, released in 2004 on the album \"Schmack!\" and as a single. The song is widely recognized as bringing Steriogram the majority of their popularity. Its simple, catchy riff and fast-talking verses contribute to the song's popularity, and it attracted even more attention when it was used as the background music to an advert by Apple for the iPod. The song debuted at #19 on the UK Singles Chart in the United Kingdom and reached #14 on the New Zealand Singles Chart in the band's native New",
"psg_id": "8298698"
},
{
"title": "Walkie Talkie Man",
"text": "also appeared on the MTV pitch pilot for Kappa Mikey. The song appeared in \"SingStar Pop Vol. 2\". The song is used a 2008 advertisement for \"Export Gold\" beer in New Zealand. Walkie Talkie Man \"Walkie Talkie Man\" is a song by New Zealand band Steriogram, released in 2004 on the album \"Schmack!\" and as a single. The song is widely recognized as bringing Steriogram the majority of their popularity. Its simple, catchy riff and fast-talking verses contribute to the song's popularity, and it attracted even more attention when it was used as the background music to an advert by",
"psg_id": "8298702"
},
{
"title": "Billboard Latin Music Award for Latin Jazz Album of the Year",
"text": "Billboard Latin Music Award for Latin Jazz Album of the Year The \"Billboard\" Latin Music Award for Latin Jazz Album of the Year was an honor that was presented annually at the \"Billboard\" Latin Music Awards, a ceremony which honors \"the most popular albums, songs, and performers in Latin music, as determined by the actual sales, radio airplay, streaming and social data that shapes \"Billboard's\" weekly charts\". Latin jazz is a form of jazz music which incorporates various sounds from Latin America. The accolade for Latin Jazz Album of the Year was first presented at the inaugural \"Billboard\" Latin Music",
"psg_id": "20923242"
},
{
"title": "Bill Robinson (jazz singer)",
"text": "the Apollo Theater in New York. He has opened for comedian Jackie Mason and jazz vibraphonist Lionel Hampton. As a youth, Robinson began singing at the age of six, and heard great singers such as Louis Armstrong and Cab Calloway. Bill Robinson (jazz singer) Bill Robinson is an African-American tenor jazz singer based in New Jersey who is notable for having a long career and for continuing to perform in his 80s. His voice has been described as \"gleaming\" and \"lustrous\" with a \"sure sense of swing\". He has performed with jazz pianist Betty Liste, jazz guitarists John Zweig and",
"psg_id": "16470139"
},
{
"title": "Bill Robinson (jazz singer)",
"text": "Bill Robinson (jazz singer) Bill Robinson is an African-American tenor jazz singer based in New Jersey who is notable for having a long career and for continuing to perform in his 80s. His voice has been described as \"gleaming\" and \"lustrous\" with a \"sure sense of swing\". He has performed with jazz pianist Betty Liste, jazz guitarists John Zweig and John Carlini, violinist Marion Mansfield, mandolinist Don Stiernberg, Brian Glassman, and many others. He sings a variety of genres, including the Great American Songbook, jazz standards, bluegrass music, classical music, gypsy music, Brazilian music, and others. He has performed at",
"psg_id": "16470138"
},
{
"title": "Jazz at the Lake: Lake George Jazz Weekend",
"text": "that spans generations and travels from throughout the US and Canada to attend. The Shepard Park venue, directly on Lake George, can be seen in the \"Jazz at the Lake 30-Year Commemorative Documentary Preview.\" Jazz at the Lake: Lake George Jazz Weekend of contemporary jazz features nationally acclaimed performers. A partial list includes: “Celebrating Women in Jazz,” showcased The Brubeck Brothers, singer Charenee Wade, Lao Tizer Quintet with Violinist Karen Briggs, pianist-composer Amina Figarova, 15-piece all-female The Diva Jazz Orchestra led by drummer and co-founder Sherrie Maricle, the Edmar Castañeda Trio, Michael Benedict’s Gary McFarland Legacy Ensemble and the Los",
"psg_id": "19487071"
},
{
"title": "Walkie Talkie Man",
"text": "Zealand. The riff is almost an exact replica of the one used in \"Picture Book\" by The Kinks, and some of the riffs are similar to those of \"Pretend Best Friend\" by Terrorvision. \"Warning\" by Green Day and \"Big Bang Baby\" by Stone Temple Pilots also have similar riffs. Exactly 1:59 into the song, lead guitarist Brad Carter sneezes. The video for \"Walkie Talkie Man\" was directed by Michel Gondry, and features scenes of children working as studio staff and knitting instruments and equipment, and the band is terrorized by a giant hand made of wool which grabs singer Tyson",
"psg_id": "8298699"
},
{
"title": "The Thing (jazz band)",
"text": "original material. The group are the only free jazz ensemble working today who wear stage uniforms. They perform clad in t-shirts from Ruby's Barbecue Restaurant in Austin, Texas. In June 2012 they released the album \"The Cherry Thing\", a collaboration with Swedish-British singer Neneh Cherry. The album was Cherry's first album as a named leader for 16 years. The Thing (jazz band) The Thing are a Norwegian/Swedish jazz trio, consisting of Mats Gustafsson (saxophones), Ingebrigt Håker Flaten (double bass), and Paal Nilssen-Love (drums). The Thing took their name from a track on Don Cherry's 1966 album \"Where Is Brooklyn?\" The",
"psg_id": "6708268"
},
{
"title": "The Music Band – Jazz",
"text": "The Music Band – Jazz The Music Band – Jazz is an album by War, the fifth and final entry in their \"Music Band\" series, released on MCA Records in 1983. It consists of outtakes from sessions for their 1979 albums \"The Music Band\" and \"The Music Band 2\", and features several lineups of the band which existed that year. War were no longer recording for MCA when this album was released, and no singles from the album were issued. Track one was probably recorded/written in 1979, when B.B.Dickerson was still in band and before Charles Miller was murdered. Track",
"psg_id": "14472358"
},
{
"title": "Joe Williams (jazz singer)",
"text": "to the Grammy Hall of Fame for recordings of particular historical or qualitative importance. Williams was added to the Jazz Wall of Fame of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers in 2001. In 1988, with his wife Jillean and friends, Williams set up the not-for-profit Joe Williams Every Day Foundation to offer scholarships to talented young musicians. Among the many recordings that Williams made are: Joe Williams (jazz singer) Joe Williams (born Joseph Goreed; December 12, 1918 – March 29, 1999) was an American jazz singer. He sang with big bands such as the Count Basie Orchestra and",
"psg_id": "1601529"
},
{
"title": "Nancy Wilson (jazz singer)",
"text": "Nancy Wilson (jazz singer) Nancy Sue Wilson (February 20, 1937 – December 13, 2018) was an American singer whose career spanned over five decades, from the mid–1950s until her retirement in the early–2010s. She was notable for her single \"(You Don't Know) How Glad I Am\" and her version of the standard \"Guess Who I Saw Today\". Wilson recorded more than 70 albums and won three Grammy Awards for her work. During her performing career Wilson was labeled a singer of blues, jazz, R&B, pop, and soul, a \"consummate actress\", and \"the complete entertainer\". The title she preferred, however, was",
"psg_id": "3034827"
},
{
"title": "The Music Band – Jazz",
"text": "but appeared in most 1979 lineups, usually without composer credit, therefore possibly appearing on this album: The Music Band – Jazz The Music Band – Jazz is an album by War, the fifth and final entry in their \"Music Band\" series, released on MCA Records in 1983. It consists of outtakes from sessions for their 1979 albums \"The Music Band\" and \"The Music Band 2\", and features several lineups of the band which existed that year. War were no longer recording for MCA when this album was released, and no singles from the album were issued. Track one was probably",
"psg_id": "14472360"
},
{
"title": "The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen",
"text": "The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen is a live album by Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers at the Leverkusen Jazz Festival in Germany on October 9, 1989. To commemorate Blakey's 70th birthday (October 11), the concert featured many special guests—most of whom were former Messengers. Singer Michelle Hendricks sang a song -- \"Mr. Blakey\"—composed for the occasion by founding Messenger Horace Silver. The album was given three stars by Allmusic, and reviewer Scott Yanow says \"...the CD concludes with a nearly-13 minute interview that Mike Hennessey conducted with Blakey in 1976 in which",
"psg_id": "18362868"
},
{
"title": "The Private Life of Helen of Troy",
"text": "June 1928, and was the first person to be posthumously nominated for an Academy Award. That same year, the first \"talkie\", \"The Jazz Singer\", received an honorary award for introducing sound to film, and the category for which \"The Private Life of Helen of Troy\" was nominated was dropped by the second Academy Awards. Two sections from the beginning and end, running about 27–30 minutes in total, are reportedly all that survive of \"The Private Life of Helen of Troy\"; they are preserved by the British Film Institute. The Private Life of Helen of Troy The Private Life of Helen",
"psg_id": "2724318"
},
{
"title": "The Year of the Voyager",
"text": "an interview with singer Warrel Dane which was recorded at the Roax Film Studios in Berlin in the spring of 2008. \"The Year Of The Voyager\" was released as a limited-edition 2DVD+2CD, standard 2DVD, standard 2CD and limited 3LP (the latter two containing the audio from the main show in Bochum only). The Year of the Voyager The Year Of The Voyager is a double DVD/CD released by Nevermore. It was released in Europe on October 20, 2008 and in North America on November 25, 2008 via Century Media. The set covers the \"This Godless Endeavor\" touring cycle, starting with",
"psg_id": "12920330"
},
{
"title": "Part-talkie",
"text": "for the rest of the film is simply an orchestral score accompanying the action, with occasional sound effects. The film \"The Artist\" (2011), winner of the 2012 Academy Award for Best Picture, was promoted as a silent film and the first of its kind to win a major Oscar award since the 1920s, but it was in fact a part-talkie due to the use of on-screen dialogue at the end, audible female laughter in a dream sequence, and the appearance of a song with sung lyrics on the soundtrack. Part-talkie A part-talkie is a partly, and most often primarily, silent",
"psg_id": "8694523"
},
{
"title": "Nancy King (jazz singer)",
"text": "Nancy King (jazz singer) Nancy King (born June 15, 1940) is a jazz singer from Portland, Oregon. Known for her masterful scatting and elastic range, King has performed in worldwide tours and recordings, as well as collaborations with such artists as Jon Hendricks, Vince Guaraldi, Ralph Towner, Dave Friesen and others. King started gigging in 1959 with fellow University of Oregon music students. After moving to San Francisco in 1960, her accomplished Scat singing landed her many gigs with various bebop artists. In 2004 King recorded her live album \"Live at Jazz Standard\" with pianist Fred Hersch. With Karrin Allyson",
"psg_id": "13979827"
},
{
"title": "Nancy King (jazz singer)",
"text": "With Ray Brown With Rick Crittenden With Robert Moore With Roy Nathanson With Oregon With Noah Peterson Nancy sings Leon Russell's \"A Song For You\" With Randy Porter With Steve Wolfe's Jazz Cruisers With Belinda Underwood With Various artists Nancy King (jazz singer) Nancy King (born June 15, 1940) is a jazz singer from Portland, Oregon. Known for her masterful scatting and elastic range, King has performed in worldwide tours and recordings, as well as collaborations with such artists as Jon Hendricks, Vince Guaraldi, Ralph Towner, Dave Friesen and others. King started gigging in 1959 with fellow University of Oregon",
"psg_id": "13979828"
},
{
"title": "Joe Williams (jazz singer)",
"text": "Joe Williams (jazz singer) Joe Williams (born Joseph Goreed; December 12, 1918 – March 29, 1999) was an American jazz singer. He sang with big bands such as the Count Basie Orchestra and the Lionel Hampton Orchestra, and also with his own combos. He sang in two films with the Basie orchestra, and sometimes worked as an actor. Williams was born in Cordele, Georgia, the son of Willie Goreed and Anne Beatrice \"née\" Gilbert. When he was about three, his mother and grandmother took him to Chicago. He grew up on the South Side of Chicago, where he attended Austin",
"psg_id": "1601522"
},
{
"title": "Jazz in Bulgaria",
"text": "difficult time for jazz bands and she was forced to change situation more often, gaining fame as a singer for various orchestras in the capital. 1957 marks the beginning of her 30-year-long partnership with Edi Kazasyan, who later became her husband. Singing for his orchestra, she toured Europe extensively, becoming popular outside Bulgaria. During the totalitarian regime, there was a ban on her music in Bulgaria. Because of artistic censorship she was also imprisoned and put in a labor camp. After being released she suffered a stroke and was not able to sing almost until the end of her life,",
"psg_id": "17941453"
},
{
"title": "Last Year Was Complicated",
"text": "Last Year Was Complicated Last Year Was Complicated is the third solo album by American singer Nick Jonas. It was released on June 10, 2016, by Island and Safehouse Records. The album features collaborations with Tove Lo, Ty Dolla $ign, Big Sean and Daniella Mason. The album's lead single, \"Close\", was released on March 25, 2016. On August 5, 2015, Jonas debuted and performed a new song, \"Under You\", at the iHeartRadio Music Summit. In February 2016, Jonas covered the February/March 2016 edition of \"Complex\" magazine he mentioned the songs \"Chainsaw\" and \"Don't Make Me Choose\", and also revealed a",
"psg_id": "19408920"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Messengers",
"text": "subsequently reissued as a 12\" LP entitled \"Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers\". In 1956 Dorham left the band to go out on his own and was replaced by Donald Byrd. This group released \"The Jazz Messengers\" on Columbia Records. Later in the year, the original group all went their own ways, but Blakey retained the Jazz Messengers name for his future groups. For a brief period in 1956 Donald Byrd stayed on as a new lineup was formed. It included Kenny Drew, Wilbur Ware, Ira Sullivan playing tenor sax in place of his more familiar trumpet. The only contemporary",
"psg_id": "18246060"
},
{
"title": "Part-talkie",
"text": "film is now always shown silent, in which form it remains one of the great classics of the screen. By late 1929, virtually all films in production in the US were \"100 percent all talking\", although there were rare but sometimes notable and successful exceptions. Charlie Chaplin's \"Modern Times\", released in 1936, is an example of an unusually late part-talkie. The only voices heard in the film are those of the factory foreman, of a salesman making his pitch by means of a phonograph record, and of Chaplin when he sings a gibberish song in a nightclub sequence. The soundtrack",
"psg_id": "8694522"
},
{
"title": "Billboard Latin Music Award for Latin Jazz Album of the Year",
"text": "the award in 2001. Chucho Valdés holds the record for the most nominations without a win, with four. The accolade was last presented in 2008 and discontinued a year later. Billboard Latin Music Award for Latin Jazz Album of the Year The \"Billboard\" Latin Music Award for Latin Jazz Album of the Year was an honor that was presented annually at the \"Billboard\" Latin Music Awards, a ceremony which honors \"the most popular albums, songs, and performers in Latin music, as determined by the actual sales, radio airplay, streaming and social data that shapes \"Billboard's\" weekly charts\". Latin jazz is",
"psg_id": "20923244"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Guitarist",
"text": "The Jazz Guitarist The Jazz Guitarist is an album by jazz guitarist Chuck Wayne which was released on the Savoy label in 1956. The album comprised two recording sessions, one recorded in 1953 (originally released as \"Chuck Wayne Quintet\" on a 10 inch LP on Progressive) and the other from 1954, Allmusic awarded the album 2 stars and the review by Dave Nathan stated: \"These arrangements could be heard in a hundred lounges and small clubs throughout the country during the years when this album was made. While there is virtually no inventiveness going on, the playing is entertaining. One",
"psg_id": "20933639"
},
{
"title": "In the Year of the Dragon",
"text": "\"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" awarded it 3 stars, calling it \"one of the best of the trio sets\". \"All compositions by Geri Allen except as indicated\" In the Year of the Dragon In the Year of the Dragon is an album by pianist Geri Allen, bassist Charlie Haden and drummer Paul Motian recorded in 1989 and released on the German JMT label. Allmusic awarded the album 4 stars, stating, \"Fully realized, diverse, and balanced, this piano-bass-drums trio recording is one of the very best of its late-'80s era, loaded with great musicianship, surprises, and an accurate representation of these",
"psg_id": "18134221"
},
{
"title": "Jazz in the Space Age",
"text": "time but still sound very fresh. \"The Lydiot\" focuses on the soloists, while incorporating elements from \"Chromatic Universe\" and other Russell compositions... the slow, somewhat mysterious \"Waltz From Outer Space\", which incorporates an Oriental-sounding theme, and \"Dimensions\", described by its composer as \"a sequence of freely associated moods indigenous to jazz... represents some of George Russell's greatest achievements\". Jazz in the Space Age Jazz in the Space Age is an album by George Russell originally released on Decca in 1960. The album contains tracks conducted and arranged by Russell performed by Ernie Royal, Bob Brookmeyer, Frank Rehak, Al Kiger, Marky",
"psg_id": "13646786"
},
{
"title": "The Russian Jazz Quartet",
"text": "to pursue their careers in jazz. There they teamed up with British born Roger Kellaway on piano, George Ricci on cello/viola and African-American drummer Grady Tate to record the group's one and only album “Happiness”, released on ABC's recently created jazz label Impulse! in 1965. The Russian Jazz Quartet The Russian Jazz Quartet was a modern jazz band founded in 1964 by saxophonist/clarinetist Boris Midney and bass player Igor Berukshtis, who made a break from their Soviet music hall orchestra on tour to defect to the United States via the American Embassy in Tokyo the same year. The incident attracted",
"psg_id": "15595527"
},
{
"title": "Japanese jazz",
"text": "in the Temple Ground\"). Inspired by the analogies Akiyoshi presented to him between jazz music and Zen Buddhism, jazz writer William Minor has suggested that a Zen aesthetic can be perceived in the music of Masahiko Satoh and other Japanese jazz artists. Around the turn of the millennium, Tokyo remained the base for a small but thriving jazz community. Jazz singer and pianist Ayado Chie managed to reach out to a larger audience (both in Japan and internationally) with her emulation of black American vocal jazz. She In 2004, Blue Note Records released an album by 17-year-old mainstream and bop",
"psg_id": "6812613"
},
{
"title": "Walkie-talkie",
"text": "digital data on the FRS band). A variety of mobile apps exist that mimic a walkie-talkie/Push-to-talk style interaction. They are marketed as low-latency, asynchronous communication. The advantages touted over two-way voice calls include: the asynchronous nature not requiring full user interaction (like SMS) and it is voice over IP (VOIP) so it does not use minutes on a cellular plan. Applications on the market that offer this walkie-talkie style interaction for audio include Voxer, Zello, Orion Labs, Motorola Wave, and HeyTell, among others. Other smartphone-based walkie-talkie products are made by companies like goTenna, Fantom Dynamics and BearTooth, and offer a",
"psg_id": "2307806"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Guitarist",
"text": "quality that comes through with the Wayne guitar is its hornlike sound, which adds a dimension to his playing and is especially complementary when either Sims or Moore is soloing ... Several of the players at these sessions were from the upper echelons of jazz; it's regrettable they were not offered more interesting or challenging music to perform\". All compositions by Chuck Wayne except where noted The Jazz Guitarist The Jazz Guitarist is an album by jazz guitarist Chuck Wayne which was released on the Savoy label in 1956. The album comprised two recording sessions, one recorded in 1953 (originally",
"psg_id": "20933640"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Discography",
"text": "back issues of \"Cadence\". The Jazz Discography The Jazz Discography is a print, CD-ROM, and online discography and sessionography of all categories of recorded jazz — and directly relevant precursors of recorded jazz from 1896. The publisher, Lord Music Reference Inc., a British Columbia company, is headed by Tom Lord and is based in Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada. The initial 26 of 35 print volumes, which comprise the discography, were released from 1992 to 2001 in alphabetic order. In 2002, \"The Jazz Discography\" became the first comprehensive jazz discography on CD-ROM. \"The Jazz Discography\" covers all categories of jazz and",
"psg_id": "17729779"
},
{
"title": "The Jazz Discography",
"text": "The Jazz Discography The Jazz Discography is a print, CD-ROM, and online discography and sessionography of all categories of recorded jazz — and directly relevant precursors of recorded jazz from 1896. The publisher, Lord Music Reference Inc., a British Columbia company, is headed by Tom Lord and is based in Chilliwack, British Columbia, Canada. The initial 26 of 35 print volumes, which comprise the discography, were released from 1992 to 2001 in alphabetic order. In 2002, \"The Jazz Discography\" became the first comprehensive jazz discography on CD-ROM. \"The Jazz Discography\" covers all categories of jazz and other creative improvised music,",
"psg_id": "17729774"
},
{
"title": "Singin' in the Rain (musical)",
"text": "leading lady, Lina Lamont, who is convinced that their screen romance is real. After the first talking picture, \"The Jazz Singer\", proves to be a smash hit, the head of the studio, R. F. Simpson, decides he has no choice but to convert the new Lockwood and Lamont film, \"The Dueling Cavalier\", into a talkie. The production is beset with difficulties, by far the worst being Lina's comically grating voice. After a disastrous test screening, Don's best friend, Cosmo Brown, comes up with the idea to overdub Lina's voice and they convince Simpson to turn \"The Dueling Cavalier\" into \"The",
"psg_id": "5119900"
},
{
"title": "The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen",
"text": "the drummer reminisces about the Jazz Messengers' early days. Well worth picking up.\" The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen The Art of Jazz: Live in Leverkusen is a live album by Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers at the Leverkusen Jazz Festival in Germany on October 9, 1989. To commemorate Blakey's 70th birthday (October 11), the concert featured many special guests—most of whom were former Messengers. Singer Michelle Hendricks sang a song -- \"Mr. Blakey\"—composed for the occasion by founding Messenger Horace Silver. The album was given three stars by Allmusic, and reviewer Scott Yanow says \"...the CD concludes with a",
"psg_id": "18362869"
},
{
"title": "The Year of the Elephant",
"text": "may be amazed to hear them used in such a creative context.\" The Year of the Elephant The Year of the Elephant is the twenty-fifth studio album by American jazz trumpeter Wadada Leo Smith which was recorded in 2002 and released on Pi Recordings. It was the second recording by his Golden Quartet featuring pianist Anthony Davis, bassist Malachi Favors and drummer Jack DeJohnette. In his review for AllMusic, David R. Adler states \"Both Davis and DeJohnette are credited on synthesizer, but the sounds they employ are remarkably close to the old-fashioned, analog Wurlitzer. Combined with Favors' resonant, grooving basslines",
"psg_id": "19091511"
}
] | [
"one thousand, nine hundred and twenty-seven",
"1927"
] |
alborg roedslet international airport is in which country? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "the left of runway 10. In 2017, 2,148,484 passengers passed through Mérida International Airport, a 10.2% increase from 2016. It became the 8th airport in the country to reach the 2 million milestone. Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International",
"psg_id": "5457486"
},
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International Airport. Mérida Center controls air traffic over the southeast part of the country. It handles both domestic and international flights, and is open 24 hours a day. It can service airplanes as large",
"psg_id": "5457484"
},
{
"title": "L.A. International Airport",
"text": "L.A. International Airport \"L.A. International Airport\" is a song written by Leanne Scott that became an international pop hit for the American country singer Susan Raye in 1971. The song was first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970. It reached #67 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. Susan Raye recorded her version of the song in 1971, which became an international hit. It reached #9 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. On other charts, \"L.A. International Airport\" reached #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song enjoyed much greater success outside of America and was a major pop hit in",
"psg_id": "11523741"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11 domestic and seven international destinations, complete with a 4267-meter runway which is the longest runway in use in Southeast Asia and capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers a year. It is the main operating base of Golden Myanmar Airlines. The Mandalay International Airport project was",
"psg_id": "8517034"
},
{
"title": "Mazatlán International Airport",
"text": "over the northwest part of the country. In 2016, the airport handled 973,440 passengers, and in 2017, the airport handled 994,283 passengers. Mazatlán International Airport General Rafael Buelna International Airport (, ), also known as Mazatlán International Airport (), is located in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. This airport is the most important in Sinaloa for its international operations, and second to Culiacan International Airport for its domestic operations. It has one terminal with two concourses. It is located on the southeastern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro",
"psg_id": "5265466"
},
{
"title": "Bonriki International Airport",
"text": "Bonriki International Airport Bonriki International Airport is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, and Kiribati's state-owned airline, Air Kiribati, both connect Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia. This service was suspended from July 2008 to November 2009. The",
"psg_id": "7433528"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have to stop over in Turkey. Because of these difficulties and inconveniencies, the majority of Turkish Cypriots with Republic of Cyprus passports prefer to use Larnaca International Airport, which is located in",
"psg_id": "5692735"
},
{
"title": "General Santos International Airport",
"text": "General Santos International Airport General Santos International Airport, (stylized as General Santos City Airport)(, ), is an alternate international airport located in the city of General Santos, Philippines serving the greater area of SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Situated in Prk New Hondagua, Uhaw, Barangay Fatima, the airport is the largest airport in the island of Mindanao and is officially classified an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a government bureau which is responsible in the management and operations of General Santos International Airport and all other airports in the country except regular international airports. Inaugurated on",
"psg_id": "7889566"
},
{
"title": "Benina International Airport",
"text": "Benina International Airport Benina International Airport () serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the town of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Bureau of Libya and is the second largest in the country after Tripoli International Airport. Benina International is also the secondary hub of both Buraq Air and flag carrier, Libyan Airlines. As of 17 July 2014 all flights to the airport were suspended due to fighting in the area. The runway length does not include a overrun on the",
"psg_id": "8032491"
},
{
"title": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport",
"text": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) (; ) is an international airport serving southeast Sri Lanka. It is located in the town of Mattala, from Hambantota. It is the first greenfield airport and the second international airport in the country, after Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. MRIA was opened in March 2013 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who ordered the construction of the airport. Initially, several airlines flew to the airport, including SriLankan Airlines which established a hub. However, due to low demand, most of these airlines left Mattala. As of June 2018 there are no scheduled flights",
"psg_id": "17115961"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport, which manages about half of the international flights in Venezuela. The earlier airport was Grano de Oro (1960 diagram) Runway 03L/21R length does",
"psg_id": "6521137"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035. Other related development projects are the planned bridging of \"Tagrin Bay\", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown. China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim",
"psg_id": "20642062"
},
{
"title": "Dushanbe International Airport",
"text": "Dushanbe International Airport Dushanbe International Airport is an airport in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. It is the a main hub for Somon Air and Tajik Air, with the latter having its head office on the property. In 1924 the first airport was built in the country, in the city currently known as Dushanbe. In November 1929 a new airport was built to serve Stalinabad (past name of Dushanbe). In 1964 the current airport complex was put into operation. Over the years the airport has been reconstructed several times. A new French-built terminal, which can serve 1.5 million passengers a",
"psg_id": "7286393"
},
{
"title": "Eldoret International Airport",
"text": "Eldoret International Airport Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya. Eldoret Airport, , is located in the city of Eldoret, in Uasin Gishu County, in the midwestern Kenya, close to the International border with Uganda. Its location is approximately , by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret. This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at above sea level, the airport has a single",
"psg_id": "11830734"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "late June/early July, Miami Air International from Toronto and Sun Country Airlines from New York. Air Canada Rouge made their inaugural flight from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Argyle International Airport on December 14, 2017. While Caribbean Airlines began weekly non-stop service between Argyle International Airport and New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport on March 14, 2018. On 2 May 2018, American Airlines announced new weekly nonstop flights to AIA from Miami which commenced on 15 December 2018. Year round flights from Toronto, New York City and Miami are now selling. The Argyle International Airport (AIA), which serves commercial passengers, as",
"psg_id": "14206543"
},
{
"title": "Voronezh International Airport",
"text": "stage, which is expanding its capacity for reception and service of most modern passenger and luxury types of aircraft. Voronezh Airport supports intermodal free transportation of passengers for 13 regions of the country. Any passenger is delivered to the airport for free. Voronezh International Airport Voronezh International Airport () (also recorded as Chertovitskoye Airport) is an airport in Russia located 11 km north of Voronezh. Serves the city of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk regions. July 10, 1933 - open regular air service on the route Moscow - Voronezh - Stalingrad on multi-seat aircraft K-5 in 1971 a new",
"psg_id": "9270157"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "planned. There will be new railways from Siewierz and Tarnowskie Góry to Katowice International Airport. Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is",
"psg_id": "4834653"
},
{
"title": "Moi International Airport",
"text": "Moi International Airport Moi International Airport , is the international airport of Mombasa, the second-biggest city in Kenya. It is located in Mombasa County, in a township called Port Reitz and features regional as well as intercontinental flights. Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and surrounding communities. It lies approximately , by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi during his tenure. At above sea level, the airport has two runways: Runway",
"psg_id": "8639703"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ). In 2015, under the leadership of the Organization of Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ), a new terminal is planned for construction. The new terminal would turn Kish International Airport into the 2nd largest airport of the country with a 4.5 million passengers capacity per year. 2.7 million passengers travelled through the airport that year. The Kish International Aiprort is the main host of the Iran Kish Air Show, the aviation airshow held biennially. Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the",
"psg_id": "9679327"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "Penang International Airport Penang International Airport , within the city of George Town, is one of the busiest airports in Malaysia. The airport is located near Bayan Lepas at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, south of the city centre. Previously known as the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was opened in 1935, making it the oldest airport in the country. Penang International Airport is a medium-sized airport with frequent connections to major cities in Asia such as Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Medan, Hong Kong and Taipei, and serves as the main airport for northern Malaysia. In addition, Penang",
"psg_id": "4867030"
},
{
"title": "Faisalabad International Airport",
"text": "from the airport. There are a number of connections from the railway station to other parts of the country. The Risalewala railway station is also located towards the south east of the airport which can be accessed via the Faisalabad Bypass. Traditional CNG powered rickshaws at the airport road entrance are quite popular amongst the local community. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Lahore in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad International Airport is",
"psg_id": "6408854"
},
{
"title": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport",
"text": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017 handling over 47.2 million passengers. Its passenger traffic was about 48.5 million in fiscal year 2017-18. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also.",
"psg_id": "1986487"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is an operating base for Enter Air, Ryanair Sun, Smartwings, Travel Service Polska and Wizz Air.",
"psg_id": "4834643"
},
{
"title": "Kigali International Airport",
"text": "Kigali International Airport Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Gregoire Kayibanda International Airport, but sometimes referred to as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. It is the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, and in addition serves as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located in the suburb of \"Kanombe\", at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali",
"psg_id": "7265031"
},
{
"title": "Shahjalal International Airport",
"text": "Shahjalal International Airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, ( \"Hôzrôt Shahjalal Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr\") , is the largest and most prominent international airport in Bangladesh. It is located in Kurmitola 11 miles (17 kilometres) in the northern part of the capital city Dhaka and it is also a part of \"BAF Bangabandhu Base\" used by the Bangladesh Air Force. The airport has an area of . The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) operates and maintains the airport. It started operations in 1980, taking over from Tejgaon Airport as the principal international airport of the country and was formerly known as Dacca",
"psg_id": "4685601"
},
{
"title": "Ventspils International Airport",
"text": "Ventspils International Airport Ventspils International Airport is an airport southwest of Ventspils, Latvia. It is the newest airport and, with Liepāja International Airport and Riga International Airport, is one of the three notable airports in the country. Ventspils Airport was founded in 1939. From 1940 on it was used by Soviet Aircraft. Once 1975 an asphalt-concrete runway () and an apron () were built. At that time there was an air control dispatchers point at the aerodrome and 40-45 employees worked in the airport. The aerodrome was used by aircraft AN-24, AN-2, YAK-40, MI-2. The flight range was small and",
"psg_id": "3628428"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "major hub in the nation. By the summer of 1940, SCATDA had changed to Avianca, and Barranquilla became its first major hub. Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky",
"psg_id": "20565434"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky S-38s from the main terminal at the seaplane port to many different parts of Colombia. It had also been an important stopover",
"psg_id": "20565431"
},
{
"title": "Cochin International Airport",
"text": "buildings. which is towards last phase of construction. Cochin International Airport is listed among the 12 major airports of India. Its safety and security is handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Cochin was the third international airport and the first private airport in the country to come under the cover of CISF in 2001, after the Central Government decided to hand over airport security to CISF in the wake of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814. Security was handled by the Kerala Police; Special Branch of Kochi Police before the",
"psg_id": "3160593"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "years. The previous operator was Myanmar's Ministry of Transport. In August 2013, the vendor technical team started the inspection of the airport to develop an airport Master Plan that included airport services and cargo-handling areas as well as anticipating future needs such as extending the airport’s buildings. Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11",
"psg_id": "8517041"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "by the Penang state government to expand the airport largely went unheeded by the Malaysian federal government, even though the airport has exceeded its maximum capacity of 6.5 million passengers. In 2017, the federal authorities finally announced plans to expand the airport to accommodate 12 million passengers per year by 2029. Penang International Airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport, and handles the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports after Kuala Lumpur International Airport. , the airport posted a record 7.23",
"psg_id": "4867035"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "of Northern Cyprus there are no non-stop scheduled flights between Ercan and destinations outside of Turkey. However, several airlines operate direct flights from Ercan to Europe with intermediate stops in Turkey. Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have",
"psg_id": "5692739"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "replaced the much smaller E.T. Joshua Airport as St. Vincent and the Grenadines principal airport. During the construction of the new airport, the International Airport Development Company (IADC) faced numerous challenges and controversies, causing major delays in the construction process. This resulted in the airport being completed 5 years after the originally forecasted completion date. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts the International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA), assessing the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of each country that has carriers operating to the United States and has classified Argyle International Airport, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Caribbean Civil",
"psg_id": "14206511"
},
{
"title": "Chennai International Airport",
"text": "near Pallavaram to which, passenger operations were shifted. The new domestic terminal was commissioned in 1985 and the international terminal was commissioned in 1989. The old terminal building is now used as a cargo terminal and is the base for the Indian courier company Blue Dart. On 23 September 1999, a centre for flowers, fruits and vegetables was commissioned at the cargo terminal. The new international departure terminal was commissioned in 2003. In 2001, Chennai Airport became the first international airport in the country to receive ISO 9001-2000 certification. During the early days, Madras Airport was one of the largest",
"psg_id": "2018969"
},
{
"title": "Multan International Airport",
"text": "airport. There are also a number of traditional rickshaws available at the airport parking area & entrance which are quite popular to travel short distance within the city. Multan Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station only less than 3 km away from the airport to get the railway connections for the other parts of country. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Multan in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Multan International Airport Multan International Airport ()",
"psg_id": "7179335"
},
{
"title": "Zvartnots International Airport",
"text": "Zvartnots International Airport Zvartnots International Airport (), is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within",
"psg_id": "3290804"
},
{
"title": "Malacca International Airport",
"text": "and airlines to promote tourism in the country. There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get in a taxi right away. Mahkota Medical Centre, Putra Hospital and Pantai Hospital provide free shuttle services on a daily basis from Malacca International Airport to their hospitals. Malacca International Airport Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor. The terminal complex is equipped with international-standard amenities that can handle",
"psg_id": "8550088"
},
{
"title": "Gan International Airport",
"text": "2012 to further develop and expand GIA. A joint venture was formed between GACL, MACL and State Trading Organization plc (STO). The new venture is Addu International Airport pvt ltd (AIA). Gan International Airport is now owned and managed by Addu International Airport pvt ltd. The airport lies at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a concrete surface measuring . Gan International Airport (GIA) is situated at the southern tip of the country, and allows international and domestic aircraft movements year-round. The Executive Terminal built for the SAARC summit in 2011 was",
"psg_id": "7413585"
},
{
"title": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport",
"text": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Côte d'Ivoire, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the Middle East. Usually, the airport is served by over 20 airlines, covering",
"psg_id": "12984619"
},
{
"title": "Hector International Airport",
"text": "Hector International Airport Hector International Airport is a civil-military public airport three miles (5 km) northwest of Fargo, in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The busiest airport in North Dakota, it is owned by the City of Fargo Municipal Airport Authority. Fargo Air National Guard Base is located adjacent to the airport. The airport was named after Martin Hector, who first leased, and then donated the original 50 acres of land to the city. Customs service is available for arrivals from Canada and other countries. Hector International has no scheduled passenger airline flights out of the country but has",
"psg_id": "1348057"
},
{
"title": "Tampa International Airport",
"text": "Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and \"Landside/Airside\" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,",
"psg_id": "1910972"
},
{
"title": "Norman Manley International Airport",
"text": "Norman Manley International Airport Norman Manley International Airport , formerly Palisadoes Airport, is an international airport serving Kingston, Jamaica and is located south of the island 19 km away from the centre of New Kingston. It is the second busiest airport in the country after Sangster International Airport, recording 1,502,973 arriving passengers in 2015. There are over 130 international flights a week that depart from Norman Manley International Airport. Named in honour of Jamaican statesman Norman Manley, it is a hub for Caribbean Airlines and Fly Jamaica Airways. It is located on the Palisadoes tombolo in outer Kingston Harbour; it",
"psg_id": "1931844"
},
{
"title": "Bălți International Airport",
"text": "Bălți International Airport Bălți International Airport , formerly known as \"Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport\", is one of the two airports serving the city of Bălți, Moldova. Located north of the city center, in the northern part of the country, it is the second largest airport of Moldova, servicing cargo and charter flights. Another airport in the area, Bălți City Airport, located within the city limits, is primarily used for emergency interventions of regional importance. The first scheduled flights to Bălţi started on 24 June 1926, on the route Bucharest – Galați – Chișinău - Bălţi - Hotin - Cernauti. The flights",
"psg_id": "10922317"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Airlines. Also located at the airport are the Republic of Nauru Civil Aviation Authority, tasked with airport security and operational management; the Directorate of Immigration, tasked with control of incoming and outgoing passengers, and the Nauru Customs Service. Nauru International Airport serves as the main hub of the national carrier, Nauru Airlines. Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using",
"psg_id": "7041854"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "VMSB-241 who was the first Marine aviator killed in action at the Battle of Midway while leading his squadron in an attack against Japanese carrier forces. The field was abandoned after the war, but reopened in 1969 as a modernized civilian airport. The airport is capable of accommodating Boeing 737s. Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial",
"psg_id": "6959403"
},
{
"title": "Denver International Airport",
"text": "Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights",
"psg_id": "1914674"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and operations began in January 1943. After the war, it was converted to a civilian airport. The airport is located in the Yaren district, just north of many of the government buildings, including the Parliament House, police station, and the secondary school. The airport holds the head office of Nauru",
"psg_id": "7041853"
},
{
"title": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport",
"text": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Sir Seretse Khama International Airport , located north of Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 and offers limited capacity to handle regional and (especially) international traffic. Nonetheless, it has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, BIH, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector. <br> On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,",
"psg_id": "6911552"
},
{
"title": "Owen Roberts International Airport",
"text": "Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \"waving gallery\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The",
"psg_id": "1931821"
},
{
"title": "El Alto International Airport",
"text": "the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of",
"psg_id": "5958370"
},
{
"title": "Swansboro Country Airport",
"text": "Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1",
"psg_id": "19127166"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had",
"psg_id": "9679325"
},
{
"title": "Da Nang International Airport",
"text": "Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\"VPAF\", the \"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An",
"psg_id": "6246652"
},
{
"title": "Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport",
"text": "long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Established in",
"psg_id": "13380190"
},
{
"title": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport",
"text": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district",
"psg_id": "6935645"
},
{
"title": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport",
"text": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\" (, \"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade",
"psg_id": "1367145"
},
{
"title": "Chiang Mai International Airport",
"text": "Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai",
"psg_id": "1924619"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,",
"psg_id": "6521138"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \"Songo Village\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The",
"psg_id": "20642061"
},
{
"title": "Trivandrum International Airport",
"text": "the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi",
"psg_id": "2402419"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs",
"psg_id": "7306563"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.",
"psg_id": "7306568"
},
{
"title": "Las Américas International Airport",
"text": "Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers",
"psg_id": "2985277"
},
{
"title": "Hobart International Airport",
"text": "entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in",
"psg_id": "3503437"
},
{
"title": "Lynden Pindling International Airport",
"text": "Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter",
"psg_id": "4470407"
},
{
"title": "Kelowna International Airport",
"text": "the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan",
"psg_id": "5049486"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The",
"psg_id": "5534228"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal",
"psg_id": "5534224"
},
{
"title": "Kempegowda International Airport",
"text": "is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and",
"psg_id": "7134230"
},
{
"title": "Athens International Airport",
"text": "Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll",
"psg_id": "593491"
},
{
"title": "Rafael Núñez International Airport",
"text": "Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen",
"psg_id": "5800890"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of",
"psg_id": "6959402"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan",
"psg_id": "14206509"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally",
"psg_id": "9025181"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)",
"psg_id": "3274563"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west",
"psg_id": "3274549"
},
{
"title": "Limón International Airport",
"text": "Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as",
"psg_id": "7649179"
},
{
"title": "Ahmad Yani International Airport",
"text": "Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military",
"psg_id": "8293891"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30",
"psg_id": "9025182"
},
{
"title": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport",
"text": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \"MEA\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \"TMA Cargo\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.",
"psg_id": "10778249"
},
{
"title": "Culiacán International Airport",
"text": "is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and",
"psg_id": "17405365"
},
{
"title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport",
"text": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \"Salisbury Airport\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to",
"psg_id": "6304099"
},
{
"title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport",
"text": "Zimbabwe has its head office on level 3 of the new International Terminal. In August 2018 Boeing Corporation announced that it in negotiations with Zimbabwean authorities to establish a regional hub for Boeing airplanes for providing training and expert technical services at the airport. Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built",
"psg_id": "6304104"
},
{
"title": "Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport",
"text": "It is among the fastest growing airports in Mexico, the busiest in the Southwestern region and the 14th in the country. The airport reached the million-passenger milestone for the first time on November 28, 2015. Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (), also known as \"Tuxtla Gutierrez International Airport\", is an international airport serving the Mexican municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It handles air traffic for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and central Chiapas, including the popular tourist destination of San Cristóbal de las Casas. It was inaugurated by President Vicente Fox and by the State's",
"psg_id": "10733506"
},
{
"title": "Lynden Pindling International Airport",
"text": "passengers to be processed by 2020, according to NAD. The airport contains US Border preclearance facilities allowing all US flights to operate as domestic flights upon arrival at their destination. In February 2015, the US Border Preclarence Facility installed 20 Automated Passenger Control (APC) self serve kiosks to improve the efficiency of passenger processing for US bound travelers. Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas",
"psg_id": "4470413"
},
{
"title": "Southern Zone International Airport",
"text": "with a long runway capable of receive the Airbus A380, but this project has been recently rejected by the government because of the high cost and the environmental impact such an airport can cause. The project will have a total cost of US $42 millions and the environmental impact and other assessment studies are under way. When open, the airport will be the third largest in the country, after Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber International Airport Southern Zone International Airport Southern Zone International Airport () (this is a provisional name, as the project has not received a formal",
"psg_id": "16253588"
},
{
"title": "Princess Juliana International Airport",
"text": "Princess Juliana International Airport Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The airport is located on the Dutch side of the island, in the country of Sint Maarten. In 2015, the airport handled 1,829,543 passengers and around 60,000 aircraft movements. The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport",
"psg_id": "5053058"
},
{
"title": "South Bend International Airport",
"text": "in the country. June 2017 brought the grand opening of SBN's International General Aviation Facility (GAF) which cleared nearly 60 international aircraft in its first partial year of operation. Within Indiana, the airport is third in passenger enplanements (305,491) after Indianapolis International (3,605,908) and Fort Wayne International (323,252). The airport is in second place behind Indianapolis in cargo operations and third in the state for overall take-offs and landings. Due to South Bend's proximity to Chicago, South Bend air traffic controllers work closely with Chicago Center and Chicago Approach Control to sequence aircraft into and out of Chicago's terminal airspace.",
"psg_id": "9053388"
},
{
"title": "Keflavík International Airport",
"text": "Keflavík International Airport Keflavík International Airport () , also known as Reykjavík–Keflavík Airport, is the largest airport in Iceland and the country's main hub for international transportation. The airport is west of Keflavík and southwest of Reykjavík. The airport has three runways, two of which are in use, and the airport area is about . Most international journeys to or from Iceland pass through this airport. The main carriers at Keflavík are Icelandair and WOW air, each of which has the airport as its main hub. The airport is almost exclusively used for international flights; most domestic flights use Reykjavík",
"psg_id": "4094729"
},
{
"title": "Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport",
"text": "Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport is an airport serving Kano, the capital city of Kano State of Nigeria. It was a Royal Air Force station before the country became independent. It is the main airport serving northern Nigeria and was named after politician Aminu Kano. The airport has an international and a domestic terminal. Construction started on a new domestic terminal and was commissioned on 23 May 2011. In 2009, the airport handled 323,482 passengers. Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport is the oldest in Nigeria and the first aircraft landed in Nigeria was landed in",
"psg_id": "9842292"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "Bank of China. Work began in March 2018 and completion was expected in 2022. This development project has drawn criticism from the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) because of the level of debt that the country would be left with. The project was cancelled in October 2018, following a change in government/president. The new Aviation Minister Kabineh Kallon said that the president saw no need for a new airport and prefered to refurbish Lungi International Airport and possibly build a bridge to link Lungi directly to Freetown. Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport",
"psg_id": "20642063"
},
{
"title": "Sabarigiri International Airport",
"text": "of India's holiest shrines, is 48 km from proposed Airport. Once commissioned, Sabari International Airport would be the fifth international airport in the State after Trivandrum International Airport, Calicut International Airport, Cochin International Airport and Kannur International Airport. The Sabarigiri International Airport is the 5th International Airport to be proposed in Kerala. The government approved the project on 19 June 2017. The airport construction will begin immediately if court verdicts in favor of Government of Kerala.The ownership dispute regarding the Cheruvally estate is pending before the High Court. As per the settlement register, which is the basic revenue record, it",
"psg_id": "20266787"
},
{
"title": "Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)",
"text": "Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela) Simón Bolívar International Airport or Maiquetía \"Simón Bolívar\" International Airport (, ) is an international airport located in Maiquetía, Vargas, Venezuela about from downtown Caracas, the capital of the country. Simply called \"Maiquetía\" by the local population, it is the main international air passenger gateway to Venezuela. It handles flights to destinations in the Americas, the Caribbean and some in Europe. The airport opened in 1945 as the Aeropuerto Internacional de Maiquetía. The site had been recommended as an appropriate location for an airport by Charles Lindbergh on behalf of Pan Am. The USA subsidised",
"psg_id": "9274640"
},
{
"title": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport",
"text": "the premises would go to MIAL. It would undertake the design and civil construction of the stations, costing 600 crore, on its own, and would pay the estimated cost of electromechanical equipment (around 177 crore) to MMRDA in three equal installments over three years. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and",
"psg_id": "1986520"
},
{
"title": "Sana'a International Airport",
"text": "Yemenia did not have the traffic rights to transport passengers solely to or from Bisha. Sana'a International Airport Sana'a International Airport is the primary international airport of Yemen located in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. It serves the city of Sana'a. Initially, a small passenger terminal was built in the 1970s. The runway is shared with a large military base with several fighter jets and transport aircraft of the Yemeni Air Force. Due to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, a no-fly zone has been imposed over the entire country, as of 28 March 2015, so civilian flights have ceased",
"psg_id": "7241798"
},
{
"title": "Sana'a International Airport",
"text": "Sana'a International Airport Sana'a International Airport is the primary international airport of Yemen located in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. It serves the city of Sana'a. Initially, a small passenger terminal was built in the 1970s. The runway is shared with a large military base with several fighter jets and transport aircraft of the Yemeni Air Force. Due to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, a no-fly zone has been imposed over the entire country, as of 28 March 2015, so civilian flights have ceased operation. The only flights operating from then on were flights by foreign countries to evacuate",
"psg_id": "7241795"
},
{
"title": "Cibao International Airport",
"text": "the JS31 aircraft. Air Century operated four weekly flights to Punta Cana and Santo Domingo-JBQ. They used Jetstream 31 aircraft. Since its inauguration, Cibao International has been projected to become one of busiest airports in terms of passenger traffic in the country. Presently it has become the third-busiest airport in the Dominican Republic, only being surpassed by the airports of Punta Cana and Santo Domingo. The airport served more than 970,000 passengers in 2006. Cibao Airport Corporation has expanded the international terminal, which now includes a new check-in area, an extension of the commercial area with a new food court,",
"psg_id": "7237417"
},
{
"title": "Hermosillo International Airport",
"text": "Hermosillo International Airport Hermosillo International Airport , also known by its ceremonial name, General Ignacio L. Pesqueira International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional General Ignacio L. Pesqueira), is an international airport located in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The airport handles several domestic flights and as well a flight to the U.S. to Phoenix. The facility is composed of one main runway (5/23), one alternate runway which is currently closed (11/29), taxiways, hangars, and a commercial terminal which has capacity for 9 or more aircraft. The airport normally serves as the primary alternate airport for flights headed to Tijuana International Airport, therefore, it is",
"psg_id": "2351967"
},
{
"title": "Rota International Airport",
"text": "Rota International Airport Rota International Airport , also known as Benjamin Taisacan Manglona International Airport, is a public airport located on Rota Island in the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), near the village of Sinapalo. The airport is owned by the Commonwealth Ports Authority. Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Rota International Airport is assigned GRO by the FAA and ROP by the IATA (which assigned GRO to Girona-Costa Brava Airport in Girona, Spain). Rota International Airport covers an area of 800 acres (324 ha) which contains",
"psg_id": "7678451"
},
{
"title": "Hermosillo International Airport",
"text": "in 2017. Hermosillo International Airport Hermosillo International Airport , also known by its ceremonial name, General Ignacio L. Pesqueira International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional General Ignacio L. Pesqueira), is an international airport located in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The airport handles several domestic flights and as well a flight to the U.S. to Phoenix. The facility is composed of one main runway (5/23), one alternate runway which is currently closed (11/29), taxiways, hangars, and a commercial terminal which has capacity for 9 or more aircraft. The airport normally serves as the primary alternate airport for flights headed to Tijuana International Airport, therefore,",
"psg_id": "2351969"
}
] | [
"eastern denmark",
"kingdom of denmark",
"denmarke",
"subdivisions of denmark",
"kongeriget danmark",
"mainland denmark",
"danmoerk",
"denmark proper",
"danimarca",
"iso 3166-1:dk",
"denmark",
"dänemark",
"danska",
"denmarc",
"kingdomofdenmark",
"denmark",
"kingdom of denmark",
"denemarke",
"administrative divisions of denmark",
"danish kingdom",
"danemark",
"daenemark",
"media in denmark",
"danmörk",
"denmark",
"danmork",
"administrative divisions of denmark",
"media of denmark",
"danish kingdom",
"dinamarca"
] |
vehicles from which country use the international registration letters wg? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "system is used for vehicles belonging to the diplomats of foreign countries with license plate from the host country. That system is host country-specific and varies largely from country to country. For example TR on a diplomatic car in the USA indicates Italian, not Turkish. Such markings in Norway are indicated with numbers only, again different from international standards (e.g. 90 means Slovakian. International vehicle registration code The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued may be indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark.",
"psg_id": "2490784"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "International vehicle registration code The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued may be indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark. The sign must be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. The sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate, or be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate. The allocation of codes is maintained by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as the \"Distinguishing Signs Used on Vehicles in International Traffic\" (sometimes abbreviated to DSIT), authorised by the UN's Geneva",
"psg_id": "2490779"
},
{
"title": "International Registration Plan",
"text": "the vehicle is valid to do business in and how much weight it is registered to carry. Two major transportation companies under IRP are U Haul and Greyhound Lines. Apportionable Vehicles: any vehicle intended for use of transporting a person for hire or property, within the contiguous United States and/or Canadian provinces, that drives on: Exceptions: recreational vehicles, vehicles displaying restricted plates, buses used in the transportation of chartered parties, government-owned vehicles International Registration Plan The International Registration Plan (IRP) is a registration reciprocity agreement between the contiguous United States and Canadian provinces, which provides apportioned payments of registration fees,",
"psg_id": "10040267"
},
{
"title": "Diplomatic vehicle registration plate",
"text": "diplomatic license plates vary from country to country. They often feature the letters \"CD\" (for \"\"Corps Diplomatique\"\"), \"D\" (for \"Diplomat\") or prefix of international organisations with diplomatic privileges, such as \"EU\" (for \"EUROPEAN UNION\") and \"OSCE\" (for \"Organization For Security And Co-operation In Europe\"). Diplomatic vehicle registration plate Most countries issue diplomatic license plates to accredited diplomats. Per the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, these are special vehicle registration plates which typically have distinctive features to allow diplomatic vehicles to be distinguished from other vehicles by police and other bodies, allowing them to give diplomatic vehicles special treatment and warning",
"psg_id": "19208539"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Israel",
"text": "with black registration number. Diplomatic/Consular Corps registration numbers consist of the letters CD/CC (respectively) and seven digits—the last two of them are 21 or 22. Private vehicles owned by a member of a diplomatic/consular mission and originally brought from the member's country of origin do not consist of the letters CD/CC, but the last two digits remain 21 or 22. Honorary consuls' vehicles carry plates consisting of the letters CC without the final digits of 21 or 22, even though the vehicle is registered under a civil registration number. The use of the 7-digit registration plate in Israel began in",
"psg_id": "12617409"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan",
"text": "letters identifying the non-individual car (for example: A 001 AA) or of a single letter identifying the area and three digits and three letters identifying the individual car (for example: A 585 CUO) Special registration plates also exist. Cars registered to non-Kazakh individuals and organizations have registration plates with black letters on a yellow background. Diplomatic vehicles use registration plates with white letters on a red background. Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan The current format of Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan uses black letters on a white background with a Kazakh Flag and the country code KZ on the left.",
"psg_id": "12946601"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe Since 2006 vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe are composed of three letters and four numbers (e.g. ABC 1234). The dimensions of Zimbabwean number plates are the same as British plates, but now use the FE-Schrift typeface, used for German vehicle registration plates. They were introduced before independence from Britain, when the country was known as Rhodesia and were not changed by the government following independence in 1980. For private vehicles, characters are in black on a yellow background, although white backgrounds were introduced in 2006. For commercial vehicles, characters are in red on a white",
"psg_id": "14306312"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use the Bengali alphabet and Bengali numerals. The current version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"city - vehicle class letter and number - vehicle number\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali letters, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali letters, the \"11\" field represents",
"psg_id": "16284064"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein are composed of two letters and up to five numbers, and in between the letters and numbers is the coat of arms of the city. The plates have white characters on a retro-reflective black background and use the same type of font as Swiss car number plates. Short-period temporary registered plates have yellow coloured font while long-periods have year bands on the right. Duty unpaid vehicles are similar to civilian vehicles but ends with \"U\" prefix. Due to the country being small in size, only around two thousand cars are",
"psg_id": "11954709"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of East Timor",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of East Timor Vehicle registration plates of East Timor are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use Australian stamping dies. East Timor requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Vehicle registration numbers consist of five digits, and display the letters TL or TLS, short for \"Timor Lorosae\", the name for East Timor in Tetum. The current format started in 2002. Government vehicles have a similar format, but with four digits and the letter 'G'. When the country was a Portuguese colony, known as Portuguese Timor, vehicle registrations followed the",
"psg_id": "16284075"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Belarus",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Belarus Belarusian vehicle registration plates are currently composed of four digits, two letters and another digit (e.g. 1234 AB-5). The first of the letters and the final digit indicate the region of Belarus in which the car was registered. Vehicles owned by foreign companies use black-on-yellow plates, and the numbers and letters appear in a different order (e.g. M 1223). The diplomatic series uses white letters on a red background, also in a different order from standard plates (e.g. CD 1234-5). Soviet-era registration plates for Belarus carried a pair of two-digit numbers followed by letters in",
"psg_id": "11942429"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia",
"text": "but are otherwise identical in both the use of numerical characters and colour schemes; however, a note to indicate codice_44 under the vehicle registration is obligatory. The stickers do not have to be removed upon re-entry into Malaysia. Entering heavy goods vehicles from Malaysia are also required to bear a separate Thai Trade Registration Number with yellow plates denoted by the codice_45 or codice_46 series. Entering Thai-registered vehicles, which use the Thai script for series letters and the province of registration on their number plates, are required to bear strips on the front and back that translate the plate information",
"psg_id": "6766037"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Czech Republic",
"text": "plates with blue letters on a white background. Foreigners (Czechoslovakia) used same plates as DC plates except they don't use DD or XX, and non-diplomatic personnel used a XX code instead. Commercial vehicles of Czechoslovakia have black letters with a yellow background, military have numbers only, rentals of Czechoslovakia have red letters on a white background (discontinued), historic vehicles use green letters on a white background (always using \"V\" as a prefix), trailers of Czechoslovakia have the district codes put in the middle (99 XXX-99 or 99 XX-99) and technical embassies use red letters on a yellow background. Vehicle registration",
"psg_id": "10037067"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Belarus",
"text": "car was registered, the second being taken from the series A, B, C, E, I, K, M, H, P, O, T, X: Vehicle registration plates of Belarus Belarusian vehicle registration plates are currently composed of four digits, two letters and another digit (e.g. 1234 AB-5). The first of the letters and the final digit indicate the region of Belarus in which the car was registered. Vehicles owned by foreign companies use black-on-yellow plates, and the numbers and letters appear in a different order (e.g. M 1223). The diplomatic series uses white letters on a red background, also in a different",
"psg_id": "11942431"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "of the member state in which the vehicle was registered. Lettering on the plate must be black on a white or yellow reflective background. According to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, vehicles in cross-border traffic are obliged to display a distinguishing sign of the country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. This sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate or may be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate. With registration plates in the common EU format, vehicles registered in the EU are no longer required to carry an international code plate or sticker for",
"psg_id": "1795222"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand",
"text": "The prefix characters are translated via code-matching into two alphanumeric Roman characters. The country name THAILAND is displayed in capital letters below the registration number, and the numerical provincial code is shown in the bottom right. The plates are black on white. They are required for transport into Burma, Cambodia, southern China, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Singapore. However, they are not legal inside Thailand, and must be removed upon re-entering the country. The current international vehicle registration code for Thailand, adopted 1954, is \"T\". The DLT's authority does not cover vehicles used by the king, the Royal Thai Police, the",
"psg_id": "11470896"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "black characters on white background, and for official vehicles white on black. On all vehicles two plates have to be present, being one in front and the other in rear except motorcycles and tractors. The serial letters use the Turkish letters except Ç, Ğ, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü. Ukrainian regular registration plates are issued in European style, using the format AB1234CE (the prefix refers to the region), using Cyrillic letters that resemble Roman letters (A, B, C, E, H, I, K, M, O, P, T, X). There were single-line plates for vehicles and trailers, double-line plates for vehicles with",
"psg_id": "1795232"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "containing the letters \"GA\" above each other. The code was two Latin letters followed by three numerals, with a safety hologram separating them. Dimensions are by . Regular military license plates receive a green strip on the left. Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country) Vehicle registration plates of Georgia are composed of an embossed serial of two letters, a hyphen, three numbers, a hyphen, and two letters (e.g. AB-123-AB), in black on a white background with a blue vertical strip on the left. The plates are issued in the Latin alphabet. Georgian registration plates are the same size as the",
"psg_id": "11998328"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Nepal",
"text": "commercial purposes have black license plates with white letters. The third part of such vehicles is ज or JA for light-vehicle and ख or KH for heavy-vehicle. The National Corporation like Nepal Telecom, Dairy Development Corporation, Nepal Electricity Authority etc. are using \"Yellow number plates\" with blue letter. Vehicles meant for transportation of tourists use green plate with white letters. Such vehicles are owned by travel agencies and hotels. Vehicles registered in Nepal under the name of foreign diplomatic agencies such as embassies, consulates, or missions use blue plates with white letters. Vehicle registration plates of Nepal In Nepal, all",
"psg_id": "16755665"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "M, diplomatique plates are white with NG wrote in red, company members vehicles are also white registration plate bearing LD letters in black. Military registration plates are red with white letter. For example, 51X-XXXX would be used for civilian vehicles, 80X-XXXX with blue background for central government vehicles, 80-NG-XXX-XX for diplomatic vehicles, TC-XX-XX for military vehicles and XXLD-XXX.XX for company vehicles. In the European Union (EU), white or yellow number plates of a common format and size are issued throughout, although they are still optional in some member states. Nevertheless, some individual member states still use differing non-EU formats -",
"psg_id": "1795220"
},
{
"title": "WG Film",
"text": "banana plantation workers in Nicaragua as well as its sequel \"Big Boys Gone Bananas!*\" (2012) on Dole Food's lawsuit against Gertten, WG Film and the films' producer Margarete Jangård. WG Film's movies have been shown at festivals such as Sundance Film Festival, South by Southwest and International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam. \"Bikes vs Cars\" - \"Big Boys Gone Bananas\" - WG Film WG Film (former Westman & Gertten AB) is a Swedish production company that produces national and international documentaries. The company is located in Malmö and was founded in 1994 by documentary filmmaker Lars Westman and journalist Fredrik Gertten.",
"psg_id": "18530608"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "Concurrent use registration A concurrent use registration, in United States trademark law, is a federal trademark registration of the same trademark to two or more unrelated parties, with each party having a registration limited to a distinct geographic area. Such a registration is achieved by filing a concurrent use application (or by converting an existing application to a concurrent use application) and then prevailing in a concurrent use proceeding before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (\"TTAB\"), which is a judicial body within the United States Patent and Trademark Office (\"USPTO\"). A concurrent use application may be filed with respect",
"psg_id": "7291713"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country) Vehicle registration plates of Georgia are composed of an embossed serial of two letters, a hyphen, three numbers, a hyphen, and two letters (e.g. AB-123-AB), in black on a white background with a blue vertical strip on the left. The plates are issued in the Latin alphabet. Georgian registration plates are the same size as the most common European registration plate. All plates have the abbreviation \"GE\" in the lower left corner of the plate and the national flag in the upper left corner. This set of new style registration plates have been in",
"psg_id": "11998323"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "and black letters, while commercial vehicles (Region name is added as prefix like \"Seoul 12 GA 3456\") with yellow background and black letters. In older system, non-commercial vehicles plates had green background and white letters. There are a few exceptions, including diplomats and United States military. Malaysian registration plates are displayed at the front and rear of all private and commercial motorised vehicles in Malaysia, as required by law. The issuing of the registration plates is regulated and administered by the Malaysian Road Transport Department () or JPJ. Nepal embossed plate was started from 2017 AD.In Nepal, all road vehicles",
"psg_id": "1795211"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Saudi Arabia",
"text": "registration plates. All plates have a white background, but several vehicle types may have a different background on the right side which contains the coat of arms, the country name abbreviation and official seal. That side has blue background for trucks and utility vehicles, yellow for public transport and taxis, and green for diplomatic vehicles. The diplomatic plates have also another row containing the C.D. and .هـ.د abbreviations, above the registration number. This renders the rows containing the registration number and its translation smaller, having a little smaller font height for letters and numbers. The letter combinations for diplomatic plates",
"psg_id": "14965248"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "use a mark within a fifty-mile radius around a handful of selected cities or counties, while the other party owns the right to use the same mark everywhere else in the country. It may even divide the rights to use a mark within a particular city by reference to roads or other landmarks in that city. The TTAB succinctly describes its territorial analysis in \"Weiner King, Inc. v. Wiener King Corp.\": The TTAB has found that in concurrent use proceedings, \"[t]he area for which registration is sought is usually more extensive than the area in which applicant is actually using",
"psg_id": "7291729"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "to a trademark which is already registered or otherwise in use by another party, but may be allowed to go forward based on the assertion that the existing use can co-exist with the new registration without causing consumer confusion. The authority for this type of registration is set forth in the Lanham Act, which permits concurrent use registration where the concurrent use applicant made a good-faith adoption of the mark prior to the registrant filing an application for registration. Such registrations are most commonly achieved by agreement of the parties involved, although the USPTO must still determine that no confusion",
"psg_id": "7291714"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "new brand name, and the registration will lapse. In other cases, the larger company will eventually acquire the smaller. A final note is that concurrent use registration was devised before the advent of the Internet, which serves to diminish geographic distinctions between sellers. John L. Welch, a Harvard-educated attorney who writes a well-known blog on the proceedings of the TTAB, has noted that \"vigorously contested proceedings may well make it clear that concurrent use registrations are, in this Internet Age, a dying breed\". Concurrent use registration A concurrent use registration, in United States trademark law, is a federal trademark registration",
"psg_id": "7291737"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia All motorized vehicles including motorcycles in Indonesia are required to have registration plates. The plates must be displayed in front and at the back of the vehicles. Except for some special cases (see below), every vehicle license plate in Indonesia follows the following format: LL NNNN LL where \"L\" are letters of the Latin alphabet, and \"N\" numbers from \"0\" to \"9\" (note that the first number is never a \"0\"). The first single or double letters denote the area of registration. This is followed by numbers, which can range from one to four digits.",
"psg_id": "3742237"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "registration plates. There are six types of Russian registration plates. Vehicle registration plates are white and have three black letters followed by a space and then three digits. The combination is simply a serial and has no connection with a geographic location, although the last digit shows what month the car has to undergo vehicle inspection. Vehicles like police cars, fire trucks, public buses and trolley buses use the same type of plate as normal private cars, and cannot be directly distinguished by the plate alone. Taxis have yellow plates, with the same three letters and digits as 'normal' cars,",
"psg_id": "1795230"
},
{
"title": "International Registration Plan",
"text": "International Registration Plan The International Registration Plan (IRP) is a registration reciprocity agreement between the contiguous United States and Canadian provinces, which provides apportioned payments of registration fees, based on the total distance operated in participating jurisdictions, to them. IRP's fundamental principle is to promote and encourage the fullest possible use of the highway system. The benefit of this plan is that a carrier may be registered in only his/her home state, yet legally engage in interstate commerce. Each carrier vehicle only needs one specially marked \"Apportioned\", \"APP\", or \"PRP\" license plate, and a cab card which lists each jurisdiction",
"psg_id": "10040266"
},
{
"title": "WG Film",
"text": "WG Film WG Film (former Westman & Gertten AB) is a Swedish production company that produces national and international documentaries. The company is located in Malmö and was founded in 1994 by documentary filmmaker Lars Westman and journalist Fredrik Gertten. WG Film produces documentaries for broadcast and cinema. The early films of the company were often local stories with global relevance. With time, the films have become more and more international. Most notable films include \"Bikes vs Cars\" (2015) on cycling and the car industry's control over city planning, \"Bananas!*\" (2009) on a conflict between the Dole Food Company and",
"psg_id": "18530607"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "to acquire such a registration are set forth in the TBMP Chapter 1100. They are initiated when a concurrent use application is submitted to the USPTO, which will initiate a concurrent use proceeding to determine if the applicant is entitled to such registration. An existing application that has been denied registration because of a conflict with an existing mark may be converted into a concurrent use application against that existing mark. In either case, the applicant must assert that its mark was used in commerce before the owner of the existing registration, called the \"senior registrant\", had filed its own",
"psg_id": "7291721"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Australia",
"text": "each country has no particular relevance, and was allocated by ballot. Countries with many vehicles (such as the USA) are allocated two numbers. Before the blue D.C. plates were introduced, diplomatic cars in Canberra carried plates which had white letters on red. The numbers then correlated to the length of time the particular diplomatic mission had been in Canberra and the British High Commissioner's car proudly carried the plate D.C.1 The replacement arrangement is more egalitarian. State registration authorities issue CC plates to consular representatives in their relevant state capital. The ACT Government issues similar plates to representatives of international",
"psg_id": "3782287"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "and 1 million in 2025. The government exempted selected vehicles from registration fee and road taxes. The exemption from the registration tax ended in 2013. Battery electric vehicles have special access to parking spaces in Amsterdam, queues for which can otherwise reach up to 10 years. Free charging is offered in public parking spaces. Other factors contributing to the rapid adoption of plug-in electric vehicles are the Netherlands' small size, which reduces range anxiety; a long tradition of environmental activism; high gasoline prices ( per gallon as of January 2013); and some EV leasing programs that provide free or discounted",
"psg_id": "14464118"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "the pendency of the federal litigation, which resulted in a judgment in 1973 authorizing the Myrtle Beach hotel to use a distinctive, noninfringing Holiday Inn service mark within the Town of Myrtle Beach. The concurrent use proceeding resumed, and in 1976, the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals awarded the Myrtle Beach hotel a federal trademark registration. Even where a concurrent use registration is issued, the parties may eventually come to an agreement under which one party will surrender its registration. In some instances, a party will simply happen to cease using the mark in favor of a",
"psg_id": "7291736"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Europe",
"text": "One of the main benefits of the convention for motorists is the obligation on signatory countries to recognise the legality of vehicles from other signatory countries. The following requirements must be met when driving outside the country of registration: Vehicle registration plates of each country are described in the following table: Motorcycle plates are used for motorcycles and vehicles where mounting space is an issue, such as taxis which display their licence plate beside the registration plate, and vehicles imported from countries where the mounting space was not originally designed to take European-sized plates (e.g. USA). Vehicle registration plates of",
"psg_id": "5304620"
},
{
"title": "ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 7",
"text": "ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 7 ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 7 Sensor Networks (WGSN) is a standardization working group of the joint technical committee ISO/IEC JTC 1 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which develops and facilitates standards within the field of sensor networks. The international secretariat of ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 7 is the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards (KATS), located in the Republic of Korea. ISO/IEC JTC 1/WG 7 was established in October 2009 via Resolution 34 of the 24th JTC 1 Plenary in Tel Aviv. The group was established with the intention of",
"psg_id": "17860088"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union Vehicle registration plates (Russian: Регистрационные знаки транспортных средств, \"Registracionny'e znaki transportny'kh sredstv\", lit. \"Registration Plates of Vehicles\") were used in the Soviet Union for registrations of automobiles, motorcycles, heavy machinery, special-use vehicles as well as construction equipment, military vehicles and trailers. Every vehicle registration plate consists of a unique registration mark (also known as a registration number) embossed on a metal plate or a plate made of other materials. All vehicles were required to display the plates on the front side and backside, with the exception of trailers and motorcycles, which were only",
"psg_id": "19836217"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "after using flat plates as a standard issue for a few years. The numbering system of registration plates also varies among the jurisdictions. Some states issue a motorist a serial that stays with that person as long as they live in that state, while other states periodically issue new serials and completely rotate out any old ones. Some states issue registration plates to vehicles rather than owners, and the serial stays with the vehicle for its life. Several states do not regularly use certain letters — most commonly the letters I, O, and/or Q — in their plates, except on",
"psg_id": "1795190"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of France",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of France Vehicle registration plates are mandatory number plates used to display the \"registration mark\" of a vehicle registered in France. They have existed in the country since 1901. It is compulsory for most motor vehicles used on public roads to display them. In French, vehicle registration plates are called ' or '. The latter makes a reference to the national mining administration, which was responsible for issuing the plates in the early 20th century. Since 1901, various systems have been successively introduced, the most recent dating from 2009. The registration plates issued since 2009 use a",
"psg_id": "5917360"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh",
"text": "letter is the \"D\" from the sample format \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\" and the vehicle class number is the \"11\" from the sample format \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\", which depends on the vehicle type. Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use the Bengali alphabet and Bengali numerals. The current version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"city - vehicle class letter and number - vehicle number\".",
"psg_id": "16284066"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "a term in the agreement that \"nothing in this agreement will preclude Amalgamated New York from conducting advertising which might enter in the State of Illinois or from dealing with customers who happen to be located in the State of Illinois.\" Courts have similarly held that a concurrent use registration does not curtail either party from advertising over the Internet, particularly where the junior user includes a disclaimer of some form on their website. A concurrent use registration can be very detailed in the geographic divisions laid down. It may, for example, allow one party to own the right to",
"psg_id": "7291728"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia",
"text": "the vehicles through the Road Transport Department and will be given RFID tags, which is only done at their land checkpoints. Those who have different set of plates, having difficulties to read or using the illegal font (FE-Schrift) will not be allowed through. Vehicles with Malaysian registration plates intended to be driven in countries beyond neighbouring countries are often required to carry an oval international number plate or sticker denoting the vehicle's country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. The current code for Malaysian international plates, introduced in 1967, is MAL. Historically, a considerable number of codes were",
"psg_id": "6766041"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "will be caused. The authority of the USPTO to issue a concurrent use registration is set forth in the Lanham Act, section 2 (d), enacted in 1947 and coded at , which states in relevant part: Through these provisions, the Act effectively places three requirements on marks for which a later applicant seeks a concurrent use registration: The statute essentially codifies the \"Tea Rose-Rectanus\" doctrine\", established by the United States Supreme Court in two cases decided in 1916 and 1918. The Court had established in those cases that a junior user of a mark that is geographically remote from the",
"psg_id": "7291715"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "applicant's registration to permit exclusive use in Maryland, and within 50 miles of the first applicant's restaurant in areas crossing into other states. Furthermore, although the general rule provides that the entire United States should be covered by the respective registrations, it is permissible for parties to a proceeding to resolve the issue of territorial rights in a way that leaves some part of the country uncovered entirely. In a contested proceeding \"In re Beatrice Foods Co.\", the court held that the senior user of a mark was entitled to a registration covering the entire United States, outside of the",
"psg_id": "7291732"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Sweden",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Sweden Vehicle registration plates of Sweden are used for most types of vehicles in Sweden. They have three letters first, a space and three digits after (e.g. ABC 123). The combination is simply a serial number and has no connection with a geographic location. The last digit is used to show what month the car has to undergo vehicle inspection. Vehicles like police cars, fire trucks, public buses and trolley buses use the same type of plate as normal private cars and cannot be directly distinguished by the plate alone. Military vehicles have special plates. Ordinary",
"psg_id": "6722171"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda Bermuda requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Since 1975 Bermudian licence plates issued to general passenger vehicles have five black digits on a plain white background (both front and rear), are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, and use British stamping dies. Non-private vehicles have licence plates with two preceding letters followed by three numbers. Personalised plates have become available that allow motorists to choose up to seven characters, overlaid on a map of the island with \"Bermuda\" printed across the top, on a North American standard",
"psg_id": "20229677"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda",
"text": "6 × 12 inches (152 × 300 mm) sized plate. Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda Bermuda requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Since 1975 Bermudian licence plates issued to general passenger vehicles have five black digits on a plain white background (both front and rear), are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, and use British stamping dies. Non-private vehicles have licence plates with two preceding letters followed by three numbers. Personalised plates have become available that allow motorists to choose up to seven characters, overlaid on a map of the island with",
"psg_id": "20229678"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "the entire United States. Thus, the grant of a concurrent use registration carves out some geographic territory from the senior registrant's exclusive control. As 15 U.S.C. § 1052 (d) indicates, a concurrent use registration may also be issued \"when a court of competent jurisdiction has finally determined that more than one person is entitled to use the same or similar marks in commerce.\" As a matter of right, the TTAB will issue such a registration pursuant to a court order that an applicant has the right to use its mark in certain geographic area. Where a court has issued such",
"psg_id": "7291724"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Spain",
"text": "Spain before registering it in their country. The trailer plates begin with the prefix R signifying \"remolque\", the Spanish word for trailer, caravan or literally \"on tow\". The tourist plates begin with the prefix P signifying provisional, usually issued to vehicles for export or until the registration process has been completed. They are sometimes seen on manufacturer's prototypes. An additional series exists for historic vehicles with the prefix H followed by four numbers and four letters, making a nine digit plate which can be difficult to fit onto some historic vehicles. Mopeds and microcars with cylinders under 50 cc were",
"psg_id": "6110355"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "on 21 May 1977, in signatory countries it replaces previous road traffic conventions, notably the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic, in accordance with its Article 48. One of the main benefits of the convention for motorists is the obligation on signatory countries to recognize the legality of vehicles from other signatory countries. When driving in other signatory countries, the distinguishing sign of the country of registration must be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. The sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate as a white oval plate or sticker, or be incorporated in the vehicle",
"psg_id": "2490781"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia",
"text": "which Greek border guards cover the letters \"MK\" on Macedonian vehicle plates with a sticker, in Greek and English, reading: “Recognized by Greece as FYROM”. Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonian registration plates of vehicle consist of a two-letter region code, followed by a 4-digit numeric (before 2012 was 3-digits) and a 2-letter alpha code (e.g. SK 2345 MG). There is a blue field on the left side with the international country code for Macedonia - MK. License numeric code contains combination of four digits (0-9), while two letter alpha code is made of combination of letters",
"psg_id": "10263796"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho",
"text": "white-on-black and had an additional preceding 'L' which stood for Lesotho. Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho Lesotho requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Plates are blue-on-white for private vehicles and red-on-white for government vehicles. They follow the format of one or two letters followed by four numbers. Diplomatic Plates are blue-on-white however have the letters CD on them. A \"mokorotlo\", the same colour as the characters on the plate, is stuck onto the plate to show a 5-year validity period. Dealer plates are also red-on-white but do not follow the A 1234 standard",
"psg_id": "12630452"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Austria",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Austria Austrian car number plates are mandatory vehicle registration plates displaying the registration mark () of motor vehicles in Austria. They are used to verify street legality, proof of a valid liability insurance and to identify and recognise the vehicle. The license plates are made of metal; the imprinted text is in black letters and digits on a white background. Since November 1, 2002 the common design comprises a blue section on the left with the EU circle of stars and the country code ('A') like other vehicle registration plates of the European Union. On the",
"psg_id": "4891814"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Armenia",
"text": "Տ standing for transport vehicles. Armenian registration plates with region codes 22 and 90 are used in Artsakh (for example, \"(AM) 90 SO 123\"). Vehicle registration plates of Armenia Vehicle registration plates of Armenia have black characters on a rectangular white background. They are composed of two or three numbers, two letters (smaller than the digits) in the middle, and two (or three) other numbers. At the left side is located the international code \"\" with an oval car plaque and, sometimes, the national flag. Starting from 6 August 2014 a new design of license plates was implemented. The license",
"psg_id": "14964181"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Abkhazia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Abkhazia The government of the Republic of Abkhazia, which considers itself independent from Georgia, issues its own vehicle registration plates for the motor vehicles registered in the territory it controls. The design of the plates is based on that of Russian license plates, although Abkhazian plates lack the regional coding of Russian plates. The license plate serial format consists of a letter followed by three digits and then two more letters. The letters are Cyrillic, but only thirteen letters reminiscent of letters of the Latin alphabet are used: А, Б, В, Е, К, М, Н, О,",
"psg_id": "12010190"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "but without the space, and followed by a smaller T (for Taxi.) Military vehicles have four to six yellow digits on black background, and may be used for all kinds of vehicles from ordinary automobiles to tanks. Turkish car number plates use an indirect numbering system associated with the geographical info. In Turkey, registration plates are made by authorized private workshops. The registration plate is rectangular in shape and made of aluminum. On the left, there is the country code \"TR\" in a 4×10 cm blue stripe like in EU countries (without the 12 golden stars). The text is in",
"psg_id": "1795231"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Sweden",
"text": "any country acronym e.g. American diplomats don't have US as their first two letters. They're ordered by the sovereign states' name in the French language. Thus AA denotes South Africa (i.e. Afrique du Sud). AB denotes Albania (i.e. Albanie) and so forth up until DT. The three digits are just a serial number. The last letter shows what kind of task the diplomat has. The approval sticker was placed last on the right. Just like the personal plates these vehicles have a standard format registration as well, which means a re-registration is not needed if the vehicle changes owner. Taxi",
"psg_id": "6722181"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonian registration plates of vehicle consist of a two-letter region code, followed by a 4-digit numeric (before 2012 was 3-digits) and a 2-letter alpha code (e.g. SK 2345 MG). There is a blue field on the left side with the international country code for Macedonia - MK. License numeric code contains combination of four digits (0-9), while two letter alpha code is made of combination of letters using English alphabetical order. The standard registration plates of vehicle, dimensions are 520 × 110 mm. Issuance of current registration plates started from February 20,",
"psg_id": "10263793"
},
{
"title": "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands",
"text": "month. December sales reached a record of about 9,300 plug-in electric vehicles delivered, representing a world record market share of 23.8% of new car sales in the country. These record sales allowed the Netherlands to become the second country, after Norway, where plug-in electric cars have topped the monthly ranking of new car sales. The strong increase of plug-in car sales during the last months of 2013 was due to the end of the total exemption of the registration fee for corporate cars, which is valid for 5 years. From January 1, 2014, all-electric vehicles pay a 4% registration fee",
"psg_id": "16881644"
},
{
"title": "Antique vehicle registration",
"text": "Antique vehicle registration Antique vehicle registration is a special form of motor vehicle registration for vehicles that are considered antique, classic, vintage, or historic. Both the specific term used and the definition of a qualifying vehicle vary from country to country, as well as within a country if it is a federation. Typically, an antique vehicle is defined by its age at the time at which antique vehicle registration is sought. As examples, this age is 20 years in the U.S. state of Connecticut, 25 years in the U.S. state of Virginia, 30 years in the Australian state of Queensland,",
"psg_id": "6736202"
},
{
"title": "Antique vehicle registration",
"text": "Antique vehicle registration Antique vehicle registration is a special form of motor vehicle registration for vehicles that are considered antique, classic, vintage, or historic. Both the specific term used and the definition of a qualifying vehicle vary from country to country, as well as within a country if it is a federation. Typically, an antique vehicle is defined by its age at the time at which antique vehicle registration is sought. As examples, this age is 20 years in the U.S. state of Connecticut, 25 years in the U.S. state of Virginia, 30 years in the Australian state of Queensland,",
"psg_id": "6736195"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "use since 1 September 2014. A new, European-style of registration plate was introduced on 1 September 2014. These have sets of two letters first and last (like Italian registration plates), with three numerals in the middle. A blue strip on the left contains the Georgian flag and a \"GE\", and there is a small security hologram on the bottom right. As additional security features, the plates have a watermark-like symbol of the LEPL Service Agency of MIA of Georgia and a machine-readable data matrix code near the hologram. The old style plates with three letters, a hyphen and three numbers",
"psg_id": "11998324"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand",
"text": "Bureau of the Royal Household, or the Royal Thai Armed Forces. These vehicles are marked by plates governed by their respective organizations. Vehicles owned by the Bureau of Royal Household have registration plates bearing the letters ร.ย.ล. (short for ราชยานยนต์หลวง, \"royal motor vehicle\") and a registration number, usually in white on a black background. Vehicles owned by the king usually bear standard registration plates but with the reserved series prefixes of \"1ด\" or \"ดส\". Vehicles owned by the Royal Thai Police usually have registration plates bearing the police emblem followed by the registration number. The colors are white on a",
"psg_id": "11470897"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "was introduced with the introduction of the Business Partner Automation program (BPA), which allowed participating dealerships to file registrations electronically. The vast majority of vehicles registered in California are via third party transactions, where the vehicle is sold from one entity to another, without the use of a dealership. The registration of vehicles sold in this manner is done through local DMV branches or through the use of independent \"Registration Service Providers\". Anyone who has applied for or received a vehicle registration must notify DMV of a new residence within 10 days or face a typical fine of $178. Motor",
"psg_id": "7725618"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "or to a collateral challenge in a United States District Court. Perhaps the most notable instance of a continuing concurrent use registration is that of Holiday Inn. Although the national chain owns numerous trademark registrations, there is one registration for an unrelated \"Holiday Inn\" which is \"restricted to the area comprising the town of Myrtle Beach, S.C.\". The Myrtle Beach hotel had used that name since the 1940s, and initiated a concurrent use proceeding in 1970. While this proceeding was pending, the national chain commenced an action in the United States District Court. The concurrent use proceeding was suspended during",
"psg_id": "7291735"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Brunei",
"text": "white letters/numbers on black background like any private registered cars. However, the numbering system is different from private vehicles as all military vehicles are registered with a MOD1111x number, where MOD stands for Ministry of Defence, 1111 is the number with any leading zeros being omitted and x is a letter denoting which branch of the military it is registered under. LTD Issues New Registration Numbers - last retrieved 13 June 2008 Vehicle registration plates of Brunei License plates are displayed on all motorized road vehicles in Brunei, as required by law. The issue of license plates is regulated and",
"psg_id": "12308509"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "the Tennessee Department of Safety. Passenger and commercial vehicles must be registered as a condition of use on a public road. Vehicles not used on public roads, such as tractors or vehicles whose use is limited to private property, are not always required to be registered. Vehicle registration laws vary from state-to-state. There are different types of vehicle registration including: Antique, Combo, Apportioned, Commercial, and SUB. In most U.S. states, a liability insurance policy that meets the state's auto insurance requirements must be purchased before a vehicle may be registered through the department of motor vehicles. Registration is handled by",
"psg_id": "7725616"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Namibia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Namibia Vehicle registration plates of Namibia are yellow fluorescent metal plates with imprints in black. The standard version is uniform throughout the country, and carries one of the following forms: The first letter is always \"N\" for Namibia. The last one or two letters indicate the town or region the car originates from. In between, numbers are issued sequentially within each region, starting with single-digit numbers, and increasing in length as required. The vast majority of vehicles are registered in the capital, Windhoek, and require six digits; most other regions are currently using 3 or 4",
"psg_id": "11679291"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Isle of Man",
"text": "registered vehicles in the Isle of Man. Number plates are produced and supplied privately, not by the government. The name of the supplying car dealer is often displayed along the bottom of the plate. Registrations can be transferred from vehicle to vehicle. The official car of the Lieutenant Governor carries the registration number MAN-1. Registrations including the numbers 999 or 112 (for example, BMN-999-A) are used for emergency vehicles, but not exclusively. Trade plates have red letters on a white background, and display a number prefixed by MNA. Vehicle registration plates of the Isle of Man Vehicle registration began in",
"psg_id": "11769800"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina vehicle registration plates have held their current form since 1998. Currently the Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) vehicle registration plate format consists of seven characters: five numbers and two letters arranged in the following order: X00-X-000 (taxis: TA-000000). The plates are uniform across the country and do not denote the place (town, municipality, canton, or entity) where the vehicle is registered, as was the case prior to 1998. Likewise the plates do not contain any heraldic symbols. The plates use only letters which are represented equally in Latin and Cyrillic script",
"psg_id": "10552945"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Norway",
"text": "other letters or numbers; an exception is that CNG vehicles such as gas buses use \"GA\". M and W were originally not used as they are much wider than other letters, but some codes including W are now assigned. The Norwegian letters Æ, Ø, and Å are not used either. Additionally, the combinations \"NS\" and \"SS\" have been omitted because of their connotations to World War II. (Although SS is in use on four-digit plates used for motorcycles, tractors and trailers etc.) When a vehicle is scrapped or exported, the registration number/chassis is tagged as such, and the vehicle is",
"psg_id": "5872674"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Montenegro",
"text": "municipality where the vehicle was registered in, then the coat-of-arms of Montenegro following by the registration code, which generally consists of two letters followed by three numbers. However, with an additional payment, it is possible to obtain the customized plates with any letter-number combination. Letters I and O are omitted in serial combinations because to the similarity with numbers 1 and 0, but they can be used on a customized plate amongst other letters which are omitted: W, X, Y, Q and Serbo-Croatian Latin Alphabet letters(Č,Ć,Š,Đ,Ž). Police vehicles have plates with blue letters, while military vehicles have plates with green",
"psg_id": "7168476"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom",
"text": "registration. The available range was then codice_33 to codice_34, the numbers 1–20 being held back for the government's proposed, and later implemented, DVLA select registration sales scheme. Towards the mid-1990s there was some discussion about introducing a unified scheme for Europe, which would also incorporate the country code of origin of the vehicle, but after much debate such a scheme was not adopted because of lack of countries willing to participate. The changes in 1983 also brought the letter Q into use – although on a very small and limited scale. It was used on vehicles of indeterminate age, such",
"psg_id": "16685409"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "the Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use Bengali alphabets and Bengali numerals. The current version of Vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The International vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"City - Vehicle Class alphabet and No - Vehicle No\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali alphabets, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali alphabets, the \"11\" field represents the vehicle registration serial in Bengali numerals (newer registrations",
"psg_id": "1795195"
},
{
"title": "Ricoh WG-30",
"text": "is not available in the US, instead the WG-30W variant is sold there. It is expected to start shipping there in mid-December, with the WG-30 released in the UK in November. The Ricoh WG-30W, in contrast to the WG-30, includes a Wi-Fi chip that allows the camera to be controlled wirelessly through a dedicated smartphone app. Ricoh WG-30 The Ricoh WG-30 is a rugged, waterproof digital compact camera announced by Ricoh on October 8, 2014. It is the successor of the Ricoh WG-20. The main advance is the backside-illuminated sensor that also increases resolution from 14 to 16 megapixels compared",
"psg_id": "18323815"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "an agreement is that the parties can agree to terms beyond the scope of the TTAB's decision, such as specific restrictions on time and place of advertising, or modifications to the appearance of either mark. However, irrespective of the agreement reached, the TTAB must still make an independent finding that no consumer confusion is likely to result from the concurrent use registration. Even if both parties assert that no confusion is likely, the TTAB may still make findings of fact which demonstrate that confusion is likely, and deny registration to the junior user of the mark. A pivotal factor in",
"psg_id": "7291726"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Gambia",
"text": "would denote Banjul), followed by four numbers and another letter. Motorbikes under the current scheme swap the final letter for 'MC' (which stands for Motorcycle). From 1999 the current white-on-black colour scheme was introduced, which is similar to an older scheme dating from before independence. The MC in motorcycle plates was moved to the front. Diplomatic plates are white-on-green. Three letters which denote the country or organization are followed by two numbers and 'CD'. Vehicle registration plates of the Gambia Number plates of the Gambia are the same size as their British counterparts and generally use a similar font, although",
"psg_id": "14396460"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Turkmenistan",
"text": "Cyrillic letters indicating where the vehicle was first registered. 1994 saw the introduction of the current format, which is intended to comply more closely with international norms. Major changes include the switch from Cyrillic letters to Latin, and the presence of the Turkmen flag with the two-letter country code TM on the left of the plate. Unusually, the alphanumerics are rendered in a mix of DIN 1451 and the unnamed font formerly used on French registration plates. The current format is: XX 99 99 XX while the last two letters is based on geographic location. Diplomatic plates are blue with",
"psg_id": "16833478"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "Electric car use by country Electric car use by country varies worldwide, as the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is affected by consumer demand, market prices and government incentives. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are generally divided into all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), that run only on batteries, and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), that combine battery power with internal combustion engines. The popularity of electric vehicles has been expanding rapidly due to government subsidies, their increased range and lower battery costs, and environmental sensitivity. However, the stock of plug-in electric cars represented just about 1 out of every 300 motor vehicles",
"psg_id": "14464068"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "first digits, see below: The self-proclaimed republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia issue their own registration plates: Russian-style plates in Abkhazia and Soviet-style plates in South Ossetia. Since 2004 these registration plates are forbidden to be used on the territory controlled by the government of Georgia; while the Georgian plates are not allowed to be used on the territory controlled by republics. Thus most cars that cross the boundaries of the unrecognised republics have to use Russian registration plates. As of 2011, military police patrol vehicle plates were black with white letters, with a narrow yellow strip on the left",
"psg_id": "11998327"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Madagascar",
"text": "letters are assigned consecutively for approved vehicles. Vehicles government departments have awarded red flags are like the normal license plate with black or white text, numbers and letter combinations. Vehicle registration plates of Madagascar The vehicle registration plates of Madagascar are created in 1950 from time to time with the revised version in 2014. It contains a black plate consisting with white characters with the current format (1234 XAB) with 4 random numbers, with the first letter as a province code, and the last 2 random letters. The license plate system of Madagascar draws on the system of France actively",
"psg_id": "19320880"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Japan",
"text": "sold for scrap, or exported. New vehicles are not delivered to the purchaser until the plates have been attached at the dealership. Since November 1, 1970, a \"jiko-shiki\" (字光式) plate has been offered for private vehicles at the owner's request. The green characters on this type of plate are replaced with molded green plastic that can be illuminated from behind the plate. From May 19, 1998, specific numbers can also be requested if the numbers are not already in use. From 2010, these are also available in blue.version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code",
"psg_id": "3563116"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Czech Republic",
"text": "Czech Republic kept issuing the old one until 2001. In the old system, the two first letters represented the district (\"okres\"). Registrations in Prague began with A, while the vehicles used by the government had registration plates beginning with AA. XX-NN-NN or XXX-NN-NN XX NN-NN or XXX NN-NN Commercially used vehicles and heavy goods vehicle had a yellow background. Vehicles with foreign owners had a blue background and yellow letters. Until 2001 diplomatic plates (as well as those on cars owned by foreign residents) in the Czech Republic used a blue background with yellow letters. These have been replaced by",
"psg_id": "10037066"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Cyprus",
"text": "the civilian vehicles, except with prefix \"ZZ\" and blue letters. Since 2004 they are no longer issued. Temporary follows the format of the civilian vehicles except with \"ZT\" prefix and blue letters, with addition of the prefix in after numbers. Previously, the presidential plate had no serial numbers but just the abbreviation of KKTCB () However, this was changed in 2015, with the coat of arms being displayed in gold on a red plate. Vehicle registration plates of Cyprus The vehicle registration plates of Cyprus are composed of three letters and three digits (e.g. \"ABC 123\"). A simple incremental numbering",
"psg_id": "12009651"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Barbados",
"text": "outside Barbados is 'BDS'. Owners may use white on black plates, front and rear, or black on white (front) and yellow(rear). Vehicle registration plates of Barbados Barbadian Vehicle registration plates consist of letters and numbers. The Barbados Licensing Authority issues licence plates to all new motor vehicle owners. Each licence plate has one or two letters which represents the part of the island which the vehicle's owner resides or previously resided at the time the vehicle was registered. The first part consists of one or two letters which determine the part of the island the registration is from, or category",
"psg_id": "9096136"
},
{
"title": "Aircraft registration",
"text": "Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), signed in 1944, requires that all aircraft engaged in international air navigation bears its appropriate nationality and registration marks. Upon registration, the aircraft receives its unique \"registration\", which must be displayed prominently on the aircraft. Annex 7 to the Chicago Convention describes the definitions, location, and measurement of nationality and registration marks. The aircraft registration is made up of a prefix selected from the country's callsign prefix allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (making the registration a quick way of determining the country of origin) and the registration suffix. Depending on the",
"psg_id": "5699824"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Russia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Russia Vehicle registration plates are the mandatory number plates used to display the registration mark of a vehicle, and have existed in Russia for many decades. Most motor vehicles which are used on public roads are required by law to display them. Having them covered by snow or mud constitutes an administrative offense, that leads to a fine. So does covering them with a piece of paper, or any other tool that makes any of the digits and letters illegible. The current format uses a letter followed by 3 digits and two more letters. To improve",
"psg_id": "8021036"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "between and depending on battery capacity. Several states have established additional incentives. The government pledged in federal grants to support the development of next-generation transport, and million for the installation of charging infrastructure. Electric car use by country Electric car use by country varies worldwide, as the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is affected by consumer demand, market prices and government incentives. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are generally divided into all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), that run only on batteries, and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), that combine battery power with internal combustion engines. The popularity of electric vehicles has been",
"psg_id": "14464143"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Austria",
"text": "reserved for vehicles, the second one was the serial, when they run out of serials they began to issue codice_27. The background is black with white characters for private vehicles (unknown for all other vehicles). One or two letters are the prefixes set by state and federals, they are: Information with images about license plates With a lot of examples. Vehicle registration plates of Austria Austrian car number plates are mandatory vehicle registration plates displaying the registration mark () of motor vehicles in Austria. They are used to verify street legality, proof of a valid liability insurance and to identify",
"psg_id": "4891818"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Ontario",
"text": "North America. Plates are produced by the Waldale Manufacturing facility in Amherst, Nova Scotia. Plates from the first batch of 35,000 can be identified due to the use of embossed letters and numbers from Nova Scotia plates, which differ in appearance from Ontarian fonts. Vehicle registration plates of Ontario The Canadian province of Ontario first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1903. Registrants provided their own licence plates for display until 1911, when the province began to issue plates. Plates are currently issued by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). The location of plates and renewal",
"psg_id": "11832632"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malta",
"text": "allocated randomly chosen marks, except that the first letter shows in which month the vehicle's annual tax disc is due for renewal. The following is a table of letters by month: These plates may be also personalised in 2 ways: Either in the XXX999 format (€200) Or any combination from 1–9 characters and/or numbers which would cost €1500. A calesse, a type of horse carriage, had to be registered at the Castellania by the 19th century and use registration plates with black and white colours. Motor vehicles were intruduced in Malta around World War I in 1914. These were considered",
"psg_id": "7002662"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho Lesotho requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Plates are blue-on-white for private vehicles and red-on-white for government vehicles. They follow the format of one or two letters followed by four numbers. Diplomatic Plates are blue-on-white however have the letters CD on them. A \"mokorotlo\", the same colour as the characters on the plate, is stuck onto the plate to show a 5-year validity period. Dealer plates are also red-on-white but do not follow the A 1234 standard and do not show the \"mokorotlo\". Before 1979, private plates were",
"psg_id": "12630451"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "production vehicles that can be registered anywhere in the EC; the other schemes, known as National Small Series Type Approval (which consists of the SVA/ESVA) and the Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA), are intended for vehicles that are to be registered in the UK. Of necessity—since EC registered vehicles may circulate freely in any EC country—these are broadly similar to registration requirements and procedures in other EC countries, although some authorities may be reluctant to admit prototypes or low-volume vehicles without very stringent testing. Registration of motorised road vehicles in India is done by local Regional Transport Offices of the states.",
"psg_id": "7725613"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "registration plate. When the distinguishing sign is incorporated in the registration plate, it must also appear on the front registration plate of the vehicle. The requirement to display a separate distinguishing sign is not necessary within the European Economic Area, for vehicles with license plates in the common EU format which satisfy the requirements of the Vienna Convention, and so are also valid in non-EU countries signatory to the convention. Separate signs are also not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration",
"psg_id": "2490782"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Lithuania",
"text": "the European Union. Until 2004 the second of the three letters in each registration mark indicated the geographical administrative area in which the vehicle had been registered, as follows: Vehicles issued temporary registration in Lithuania are noted by red alphanumeric characters on white background. Reserved and used by diplomatic corps. Have green background and white letters. The letters are grouped 01 3 123 and do not have blue sidebar on the left side of the plates. First two numbers denote embassy codes: Taxicabs have special plates, with yellow background and black text. The first letter is \"T\" (corresponds to the",
"psg_id": "11346393"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of South Ossetia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of South Ossetia The government of South Ossetia issues its own license plates for the vehicles registered on the territory it controls. The design of the plates is based on one of the Soviet standard for license plates (GOST 3207-77). The license plates are black-on-white. The standard format is four digits followed by Cyrillic letters ЮОР (Юго-Осетинская Республика, Russian for \"South Ossetian Republic\"). This system provides just 9999 possible combinations. Newer system uses format like in Russian license plates: One letter, three digits and two letters with South Ossetian country flag and country code \"RSO\" in it.",
"psg_id": "12010258"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom",
"text": "minibus was codice_83. Royal Air Force vehicles had numbers such as codice_84, typically the first of the two letters being A, and the new-style RAF plates, such as codice_85 and codice_86 on fire engines. Military number plates are still often in the silver/white on black scheme used for civilian plates before 1973, and can be presented in one, two or three rows of characters. From 1963 until around 1990, in West Germany, private vehicles owned by members of British Forces Germany and their families were issued registration numbers in a unique format (initially two letters followed by three digits plus",
"psg_id": "16685425"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Cape Verde",
"text": "\"CMP 12\" where CMP stands for \"Câmara Municipal da Praia\". In adaption to the European system, registration plates can also be decorated with variations of the national flag of Cape Verde on the left. The font of the plates (at least of private vehicles) can be freely chosen. The official car of the president of the republic is registered as \"PR CV\". Other government vehicles have yellow plates with black letters, sometimes with the letter \"G\" added at the end. For special vehicles, green and red plates with white letters are issued. Vehicle registration plates of Cape Verde The license",
"psg_id": "10483100"
}
] | [
"grenada (city)",
"grenada, british west indies",
"sport in grenada",
"air force of grenada",
"grenada and carriacou",
"military of grenada",
"grenada, carriacou and petit martinique",
"religion in grenada",
"grenada/military",
"granadean",
"grenada and the grenadines",
"america/grenada",
"grenada",
"grenada grenadines",
"grenada, carriacou and petite martinique",
"iso 3166-1:gd"
] |
what was elton john's first us no 1 hit? | [
{
"title": "Greatest Hits (Elton John album)",
"text": "single, was a No. 4 in the US and topped the chart in Canada. Although all of these charted higher than \"Border Song,\" it may have been included because it was the first Elton John single to chart in any market, or because of the cover versions by high-profile acts such as The 5th Dimension or Aretha Franklin, the latter version reaching #37 in the Billboard Hot 100 and #23 in the Cash Box Top 100 in December 1970. Of the ten selections for the North American album, two (\"Crocodile Rock\" and \"Bennie and the Jets\") had been US No.",
"psg_id": "4454365"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Duets (Elton John album)",
"text": "Duets (Elton John album) Duets is the first collaboration album by the English singer-songwriter Elton John, released in 1993. \"Duets\" was released on a single CD, a single cassette and also as a double vinyl LP in the UK, with a slightly different running order. It was initially a Christmas project of John's, but that soon grew into an album, \"Elton John's Christmas Party\", of its own. The live version of \"Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me\" with George Michael, track number 15 on the album, had already become a UK/US No. 1 hit in 1991. Three singles",
"psg_id": "6659583"
},
{
"title": "Healing Hands (Elton John song)",
"text": "Healing Hands (Elton John song) \"Healing Hands\" was the final Billboard Hot 100 hit single of the 1980s for Elton John, written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin and recorded on his million-selling 1989 album \"Sleeping with the Past\". The single was released during the late-summer of 1989, and was a top-20 hit in the US. It was paired as a double A-side single with \"Sacrifice\", which became Elton's first solo number 1 single in the UK. The song was inspired by the Four Tops song \"Reach Out, I'll Be There\". Produced by Chris Thomas, it was the first of",
"psg_id": "9863809"
},
{
"title": "Elton John (album)",
"text": "Elton John (album) Elton John is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Elton John, released on 10 April 1970 by DJM Records. It was released by Uni Records as John's debut album in the United States; many people there assumed it was his first album, as \"Empty Sky\" was not released in that country until 1975. \"Elton John\" includes his breakthrough single \"Your Song\", and helped to establish his career during what was considered the \"singer-songwriter\" era of popular music. In the US, it was certified gold in February 1971 by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). In",
"psg_id": "4145700"
},
{
"title": "Believe (Elton John song)",
"text": "Believe (Elton John song) \"Believe\" is a 1994 song recorded by Elton John. It was the first single from his album \"Made in England\" and was released on 20 February 1995. It reached number one in Italy and Canada, becoming John's 17th number-one single in the latter country. In the US, \"Believe\" was Elton John's 15th number-one on the Adult Contemporary chart and also went to number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It gave him his third straight top 20 single in the US, with his two hit singles from Disney's \"The Lion King\" preceding it. In Europe, it",
"psg_id": "12906512"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "arranger. \"Elton John\" was released in April 1970 on DJM Records/Pye Records in the UK and Uni Records in the US, and established the formula for subsequent albums – gospel-chorded rockers and poignant ballads. The album's first single, \"Border Song\", peaked at 92 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The second single, \"Your Song\", reached number seven in the UK Singles Chart and number eight in the US, becoming John's first hit single as a singer. The album soon became his first hit album, reaching number four on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and number five on the UK Albums Chart. Backed",
"psg_id": "7758923"
},
{
"title": "Blue Eyes (Elton John song)",
"text": "Blue Eyes (Elton John song) \"Blue Eyes\" is a song performed by Elton John with music and lyrics written by Elton John and Gary Osborne. It was released in 1982, both as a single and on the album \"Jump Up!\", which reached No. 8 in the UK. In the US, the song spent three weeks at No. 10 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100, It also went to No. 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and spent two weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart. The video for the song was filmed in Australia, on Sydney's famous Bondi",
"psg_id": "10678826"
},
{
"title": "Blue Eyes (Elton John song)",
"text": "rowspan=\"2\"|1983 || rowspan=\"2\"| \"Blue Eyes\" || Best Pop Vocal Performance – Male || Blue Eyes (Elton John song) \"Blue Eyes\" is a song performed by Elton John with music and lyrics written by Elton John and Gary Osborne. It was released in 1982, both as a single and on the album \"Jump Up!\", which reached No. 8 in the UK. In the US, the song spent three weeks at No. 10 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100, It also went to No. 12 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, and spent two weeks at No. 1 on the adult contemporary chart.",
"psg_id": "10678828"
},
{
"title": "The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album)",
"text": "The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album) The Union is a collaboration studio album by singer-songwriters Elton John and Leon Russell, released on 19 October 2010 in the US and on 25 October in the UK. This is John's second collaboration album, after 1993's Duets. This is the first studio release by John since 1979's \"Victim of Love\" without any of his regular band members. It is also his highest charting studio album on the \"Billboard\" 200 since 1976's \"Blue Moves\", debuting at No. 3, as well as Russell's highest charting studio album since 1972's \"Carney\". \"The Union\" was",
"psg_id": "14915492"
},
{
"title": "Daniel (Elton John song)",
"text": "Daniel (Elton John song) \"Daniel\" is a song and ballad by Elton John. It appeared on the 1973 album \"Don't Shoot Me I'm Only the Piano Player\". It was written by John and his lyricist Bernie Taupin. In the United Kingdom, the song reached no. 4 in the official chart. In the US the song reached No. 2 on the pop charts (only held from number one by \"My Love\" by Paul McCartney & Wings) and No. 1 on the adult contemporary charts for two weeks in the spring of 1973. In the United States, it was certified Gold in",
"psg_id": "4939451"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "music for the lyrics, and then posted it to Taupin, beginning a partnership that . When the two first met in 1967, they recorded what would become the first Elton John/Bernie Taupin song: \"Scarecrow\". Six months later Dwight was going by the name \"Elton John\" in homage to two members of Bluesology: saxophonist Elton Dean and vocalist Long John Baldry. His name was legally changed to Elton Hercules John on 7 January 1972. The team of Elton John and Bernie Taupin joined Dick James's DJM Records as staff songwriters in 1968, and over the next two years wrote material for",
"psg_id": "7758920"
},
{
"title": "The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album)",
"text": "to date. It reached No. 3 on \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of the 30 Best Albums of 2010. The Union (Elton John and Leon Russell album) The Union is a collaboration studio album by singer-songwriters Elton John and Leon Russell, released on 19 October 2010 in the US and on 25 October in the UK. This is John's second collaboration album, after 1993's Duets. This is the first studio release by John since 1979's \"Victim of Love\" without any of his regular band members. It is also his highest charting studio album on the \"Billboard\" 200 since 1976's \"Blue Moves\",",
"psg_id": "14915494"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "away by it, with Cantrell adding: \"Elton is a very important musical influence to all of us in varying degrees, and especially to me. My first album was \"Elton John’s Greatest Hits\". And actually, we were reminded by Layne's stepfather that Elton was his first concert, so it was all really appropriate. So I wrote [Elton] an e-mail and explained what his music meant to us, and that this song was for Layne. We sent him a demo, and he said it was beautiful and he’d love to play on it. In the studio he was really relaxed and gracious,",
"psg_id": "7758964"
},
{
"title": "The One (Elton John song)",
"text": "\"For each man in his time is Cain until he walks along the beach.\" The music video was directed by Russell Mulcahy. Elton John performed the song at the 1992 VMAs. | style=\"width:35px; text-align:center;\" rowspan=\"2\"|1993 || rowspan=\"2\"| \"The One\" || Best Pop Vocal Performance – Male || The One (Elton John song) \"The One\" is the first single from Elton John's 1992 album, also called \"The One\". It reached #9 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, #1 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart and #10 on the UK Singles Chart. It was also a #1 hit on Canada's \"RPM 100\"",
"psg_id": "10714350"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "aided by his biggest hit in four years, \"Little Jeannie\" (number 3 US), with the lyrics written by Gary Osborne. His 1981 album, \"The Fox\", was recorded during the same sessions as \"21 at 33\", and included collaborations with Tom Robinson and Judie Tzuke. On 13 September 1980, Elton John, with Olsson and Murray back in the Elton John Band, performed a free concert to an estimated 400,000 fans on The Great Lawn in Central Park in New York. With original band members Johnstone, Murray and Olsson together again, he was able to return to the charts with the 1983",
"psg_id": "7758940"
},
{
"title": "Electricity (Elton John song)",
"text": "Electricity (Elton John song) \"Electricity\" is a song composed by Elton John and Lee Hall for \"Billy Elliot the Musical\". It was John's 63rd UK Top 40 hit, peaking at #4 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was included as a bonus track on the UK re-issue of Elton's album \"Peachtree Road\". The song is sung by Billy Elliot in the stage production at his audition for a place at The Royal Ballet School in London. Billy is asked \"What does it feel like, when you are dancing?\" by one of the panel. Billy responds, hesitantly at first, \"I",
"psg_id": "8740500"
},
{
"title": "Greatest Hits (Elton John album)",
"text": "on the American and Canadian edition of the album. It was replaced by \"Candle in the Wind\" for the UK and Australian edition, having been a hit in both of those countries but never released as a single in the US and Canada. The 1992 reissue contains eleven tracks, with both songs included. \"Border Song,\" an album track on \"Elton John\" outside of the US and Canada, went to No. 92 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and to No. 34 on the Canadian \"RPM\" national singles chart as a single in 1970. All other songs made the Top 40",
"psg_id": "4454363"
},
{
"title": "The One (Elton John song)",
"text": "The One (Elton John song) \"The One\" is the first single from Elton John's 1992 album, also called \"The One\". It reached #9 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, #1 on the U.S. Adult Contemporary chart and #10 on the UK Singles Chart. It was also a #1 hit on Canada's \"RPM 100\" national singles chart on 5 September 1992. On bonus footage on his \"Live in Barcelona\" DVD, John states that he felt an intense connection to Taupin's lyrics for \"The One\" in light of his personal circumstances around the time of making the album, in particular the line",
"psg_id": "10714349"
},
{
"title": "Elton John's Greatest Hits Vol. 3",
"text": "non-hit \"Heartache All Over the World\" and 1983's album-only track \"Too Low for Zero\" were eliminated. Elton John's Greatest Hits Vol. 3 Elton John’s Greatest Hits Volume III is the twenty-seventh album release for Elton John. Released in 1987, 10 years after \"Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II\", the compilation album features his greatest hits from 1979–1986 and was made available only in the United States and Canada. All of the songs featured had previously been released on a previous album. The album was initially released under Geffen Records after John returned to his US label. Geffen was later bought",
"psg_id": "5357663"
},
{
"title": "Healing Hands (Elton John song)",
"text": "a double A-side with \"Healing Hands\". The double A-side record topped the UK chart for five weeks starting 23 June 1990, becoming the first solo #1 UK hit of Elton John's career. Musically, the song is complex, with the intro and verses in the key of B flat, and the chorus in the key of D. An instrumental solo, in the related minor key of g (minor), serves as a bridge. Rob Stevens also sang the song on his debut album, \"Little Heart for Love\". Healing Hands (Elton John song) \"Healing Hands\" was the final Billboard Hot 100 hit single",
"psg_id": "9863811"
},
{
"title": "Elton John singles discography",
"text": "1997\" in dedication to the memory of Diana, Princess of Wales. It subsequently hit number-one in every country that it charted in and became the biggest selling single of all-time since the UK and US charts began in the 1950s, with sales of 33 million. John has sold 100 million singles worldwide. \"Where We Both Say Goodbye\" peaked at #38 on the Hot Country Songs chart. Elton John singles discography The singles discography of British musician/singer-songwriter Elton John consists of 133 official singles and 17 as featured artist, as well as 47 other non-single guest appearances. Across his career, John",
"psg_id": "8271629"
},
{
"title": "Elton John (album)",
"text": "Hall of Fame as an album cited as exhibiting \"qualitative or historical significance\". The song \"No Shoe Strings on Louise\" was intended (as homage or parody) to sound like a Mick Jagger song. All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin. Disc one – original album Disc two Notes Grammy Awards Elton John (album) Elton John is the second studio album by English singer-songwriter Elton John, released on 10 April 1970 by DJM Records. It was released by Uni Records as John's debut album in the United States; many people there assumed it was his first album, as \"Empty",
"psg_id": "4145702"
},
{
"title": "Duets (Elton John album)",
"text": "were released from the album in Britain: \"True Love\" (with Kiki Dee, reached #2), \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart\" (with drag queen RuPaul, reached #7) and \"Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing\" (with Marcella Detroit, reached #24). The album debuted at No. 7 in the UK. This is one of only 3 albums released between 1983 and 2016 without John's regular guitar player, Davey Johnstone. In the US, it was certified gold and platinum in January 1994 by the RIAA. Duets (Elton John album) Duets is the first collaboration album by the English singer-songwriter Elton John, released in 1993. \"Duets\"",
"psg_id": "6659584"
},
{
"title": "Made in England (Elton John album)",
"text": "was covered by bluegrass queen Rhonda Vincent and country legend Dolly Parton for the 2018 tribute album . While still promoting his work for \"The Lion King\" soundtrack, in September 1994, five months before its release as a single, Elton John debuted \"Believe\" during the opening night of a concert tour with Ray Cooper in Phoenix, AZ. \"Believe\" reached No. 15 in the UK and No. 13 in the US, and was the only American hit from the album to reach the top 20. During November, John toured Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Peru, Switzerland, Poland, France, Italy, the UK, and Japan,",
"psg_id": "5776262"
},
{
"title": "Believe (Elton John song)",
"text": "middle of one day. Some behind the scenes footage for the video was used for the 1996 documentary \".\" 7\" Europe CD maxi US CD maxi Believe (Elton John song) \"Believe\" is a 1994 song recorded by Elton John. It was the first single from his album \"Made in England\" and was released on 20 February 1995. It reached number one in Italy and Canada, becoming John's 17th number-one single in the latter country. In the US, \"Believe\" was Elton John's 15th number-one on the Adult Contemporary chart and also went to number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. It",
"psg_id": "12906514"
},
{
"title": "Diamonds (Elton John album)",
"text": "Diamonds (Elton John album) Diamonds is a greatest hits album by British singer-songwriter Elton John spanning his biggest hits from 1970 to 2016. The album was released on 10 November 2017. It was released in a 2-CD version, a 3-CD deluxe box set and a 2-LP vinyl version. It is the first Elton John career-spanning compilation released since \"\" in 2007. It was released to commemorate the 50 years of John's work with lyricist Bernie Taupin, since 1967. Although the initial year of the collaboration has been 1967, the oldest hit in the album is \"Your Song\", from the album",
"psg_id": "20401396"
},
{
"title": "The Very Best of Elton John",
"text": "The Very Best of Elton John The Very Best of Elton John is a greatest hits compilation album by Elton John, released in October 1990. His first career-retrospective album, and fourth official greatest-hits album overall, it was released in the United Kingdom and throughout Europe, and in other countries such as Japan and Australia, but not in the United States, where the box set \"To Be Continued...\" was released the following month instead. The album spans his second album \"Elton John\" in 1970 to the successful then most-recent 1989 album \"Sleeping with the Past\". After the huge hit that was",
"psg_id": "8027959"
},
{
"title": "Elton John discography",
"text": "\"Home Again\" entered \"Billboard\"s Adult Contemporary chart, Elton John extended his own record for most adult contemporary hits (69 entries in the chart's 52-year history). In March 2014 John's single \"Can't Stay Alone Tonight\" entered \"Billboard\"s Adult Contemporary chart, making the record of 70 AC Chart hits. Elton John discography The albums discography of Elton John consists of 33 studio albums, 4 live albums, 7 soundtrack albums, 16 compilation albums and 3 extended plays, as well as 2 other albums. John has sold more than 200 million albums worldwide. The singles discography consists of 128 official singles and 17 as",
"psg_id": "5277816"
},
{
"title": "Friends (Elton John song)",
"text": "On the Canadian singles chart \"Friends\" peaked at number 13. \"Friends\" also became a medium hit on the Adult Contemporary charts of both nations. Friends (Elton John song) \"Friends\" is an international hit song composed and performed by English musician Elton John with lyrics by his longtime collaborator Bernie Taupin. It was John's third U.S. hit, and his second to reach Top 40. \"Friends\" was not the follow-up single to \"Your Song,\" but was rather the title track and theme song from the movie \"Friends\" starring Sean Bury, and was included on the soundtrack. It was the only hit single",
"psg_id": "19529052"
},
{
"title": "Elton John discography",
"text": "Kingdom, he has accumulated 71 top 40 singles, including 33 top tens and 8 number-ones. In 1997, John released the double A-side single \"Something About the Way You Look Tonight/Candle in the Wind 1997\" in dedication to the memory of Diana, Princess of Wales. It subsequently hit number-one in every country that it charted in and became the biggest selling single of all-time since the UK and US charts began in the 1950s, with sales of 33 million. John has sold 100 million singles worldwide. Elton John was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1994) and, with",
"psg_id": "5277813"
},
{
"title": "Friends (Elton John song)",
"text": "Friends (Elton John song) \"Friends\" is an international hit song composed and performed by English musician Elton John with lyrics by his longtime collaborator Bernie Taupin. It was John's third U.S. hit, and his second to reach Top 40. \"Friends\" was not the follow-up single to \"Your Song,\" but was rather the title track and theme song from the movie \"Friends\" starring Sean Bury, and was included on the soundtrack. It was the only hit single from the LP. The song rose to number 34 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 17 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100.",
"psg_id": "19529051"
},
{
"title": "The One (Elton John album)",
"text": "The One (Elton John album) The One is the twenty-third studio album by the English singer-songwriter Elton John, released on 22 June 1992. It was recorded at Studio Guillame Tell in Paris, produced by Chris Thomas and managed by John Reid. The album was dedicated to Vance Buck, and its cover artwork was designed by Gianni Versace. \"The One\" spent three consecutive weeks at #2 without reaching #1 in the UK, being kept off the top spot by Lionel Richie's \"Back to Front\" compilation. However, it was John's biggest selling album in the US since 1975. \"The One\" was certified",
"psg_id": "4775784"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "with Kiki Dee that topped both the UK and U.S. charts. Besides being the most commercially successful period, 1970–1976 is also held in the most regard critically. Within only a three-year span, between 1972 and 1975 John saw seven consecutive albums reach number one in the U.S., something which had not been accomplished before. Of the six Elton John albums to make \"Rolling Stone\"s list of \"The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time\" in 2003, all are from this period, with \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\" ranked highest at number 91. In November 1977, Elton John announced he was retiring from",
"psg_id": "7758937"
},
{
"title": "John Elton",
"text": "taken prisoner by the governor of Gilan, Hajj Jamal Fumani, for his unwillingness to protect Rasht against the advancing Qajars. He was later shot dead. A great part of Elton's diary during his first expedition to Iran in 1739 is printed in Jonas Hanway's \"Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea\" (1754). Lake Elton in south-eastern Russia is probably named after him. John Elton was the inventor of Elton's quadrant who patented his design in 1728 and published details of the instrument in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in 1732. John Elton John Elton (died",
"psg_id": "5595744"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "a session musician for artists such as the Hollies and the Scaffold. In 1969 his debut album, \"Empty Sky\", was released. In 1970. John's first hit single \"Your Song\", from his second album, \"Elton John\", reached the top ten in the UK and the U.S. After decades of chart success, John has also achieved success in musical films and theatre, composing the music for \"The Lion King\" and its stage adaptation, \"Aida\" and \"Billy Elliot the Musical\". He has received five Grammy Awards, five Brit Awards – winning two awards for Outstanding Contribution to Music and the first Brits Icon",
"psg_id": "7758908"
},
{
"title": "Passengers (Elton John song)",
"text": "UK release 'The Very Best of Elton John', but has not been included on any compilation since. The music video, directed by Simon Milne, was filmed in St. Tropez, France. The video featured a cameo appearance by Bernie Taupin. Passengers (Elton John song) Passengers is a song by Elton John that appears on his 1984 album \"Breaking Hearts\". The song reached number five on the UK chart, and reached the top ten in Australia, but was not released as a single in the US. It was composed by John, Bernie Taupin and Davey Johnstone. The music for the song was",
"psg_id": "20494575"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "release signalled the end of the Elton John Band, as an unhappy and overworked John dismissed Olsson and Murray, two people who had contributed much of the band's signature sound and who had helped build his live following since the beginning. According to \"Circus\", a spokeswoman for John Reid said the decision was reached mutually via phone while John was in Australia promoting \"Tommy\". She said there was no way Reid could have fired them \"because the band are not employed by John Reid, they're employed by Elton John.\" She went on to say Nigel would be going back to",
"psg_id": "7758933"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "would ask me to do anything. I never thought I’d play on an Alice in Chains record. When I heard the song I really wanted to do it. I liked the fact that it was so beautiful and very simple. They had a great idea of what they wanted me to do on it and it turned out great.\" Elton John performed a piano duet with Lady Gaga at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards. On 6 June 2010, John performed at the fourth wedding of conservative commentator Rush Limbaugh for a reported $1 million fee. Eleven days later, and 17",
"psg_id": "7758966"
},
{
"title": "Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II",
"text": "Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II Elton John's Greatest Hits Volume II, a compilation album released in 1977, is the sixteenth official album release for Elton John. The original 1977 US version features one song from 1971 and two songs from 1974 that were not on the first greatest hits album. It also features several hit songs from 1975 and two hit singles from Elton's last year of performing in 1976. There are several versions of the album. There were two original versions, one in the United States and Canada and another for Great Britain and the rest of the",
"psg_id": "5394280"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "(for Fighting).\" Elton John was named a Disney Legend for his contributions to Disney's films and theatrical works on 9 October 2006, by the Walt Disney Company. In 2006, he told \"Rolling Stone\" that he plans for his next record to be in the R&B and hip hop genre. John said \"I want to work with Pharrell Williams, Timbaland, Snoop [Dogg], Kanye [West], Eminem and just see what happens.\" In March 2007, he performed at Madison Square Garden for a record-breaking 60th time for his 60th birthday; the concert was broadcast live and a DVD recording was released as \"Elton",
"psg_id": "7758960"
},
{
"title": "The Bridge (Elton John song)",
"text": "recording of the harmonies has been adjusted. John has admitted that it was, in fact, Bernie's idea to have the song solely piano and voice. This was the first song since \"Breaking Hearts (Ain't What It Used to Be)\" to use Elton's piano only. The Bridge (Elton John song) \"The Bridge\" is a song from Elton John's 2006 album \"The Captain & the Kid\". It is a simple, stripped-down production focused on John and his piano, with sparse further accompaniment. This is the first song since the title track of \"Breaking Hearts\" with this arrangement. The song, which was only",
"psg_id": "8796886"
},
{
"title": "The Fox (Elton John album)",
"text": "The Fox (Elton John album) The Fox, released in 1981, is the fifteenth studio album release for Elton John. With sales of approx. 300,000 US copies, it was one of Elton's poorest-selling albums in the United States. The track, \"Elton's Song\", was banned from radio play in some countries due to its content, which included references to homosexuality. The album was produced by John, Clive Franks and for the first time, Chris Thomas, who would produce many more albums with John through most of the 1980s and '90s. Five of the songs (noted below) were recorded during the sessions for",
"psg_id": "6050991"
},
{
"title": "Jump Up! (Elton John album)",
"text": "Jump Up! (Elton John album) Jump Up! is the sixteenth studio album release by Elton John. It was released in 1982 by The Rocket Record Company except in the US and Canada, where it was released by Geffen Records. The album includes \"Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)\", a tribute to John Lennon (who had also signed to Geffen for the release of \"Double Fantasy\", which is now owned by EMI). This is one of the first few LPs that showcases John singing in a deeper voice, as can be heard in songs such as \"Blue Eyes\", \"Princess\", \"Ball and Chain\"",
"psg_id": "6659384"
},
{
"title": "McDowell's No.1",
"text": "with Shillong Lajong F.C., the first team to qualify for the I-League 2009-2010 from North-East India. McDowell's No.1 signed Mahendra Singh Dhoni for a three-year endorsement deal, worth , for McDowell's No 1 soda. McDowell's No.1 whisky releases special packs to commemorate Holi, Diwali and New Year. McDowell's No.1 has sponsored several music concerts in India featuring artists such as Mark Knopfler, Enrique Iglesias, Elton John, Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy, Vishal Dadlani and Shekhar Rajviani, and Rabbi Shergill, Strings, Bombay Vikings, Shibani Kashyap, Abhijeet Sawant, Kailash Kher and Mika Singh. McDowell's No.1 McDowell's No.1 previous Asare-Takyi distilleries is an Indian brand of spirits",
"psg_id": "17482626"
},
{
"title": "Love Songs (Elton John album)",
"text": "the original version of \"Candle in the Wind\". In addition, \"Blessed\" is represented as the single edit. The North American version contains the full length version of the song. \"You Can Make History (Young Again)\" and \"No Valentines\" do not appear on this version since they were recorded after its release. Due to a production error, the US CD booklet and cassette lyric sheet provide the lyrics for \"I Guess That's Why They Call It the Blues\" directly after \"Candle in the Wind\". All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin, except where noted. Love Songs (Elton John album)",
"psg_id": "5364406"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "before the official album, including all 60 minutes of the aircast, not just the 40 minutes selected by Dick James Music. John and Taupin then wrote the soundtrack to the obscure film \"Friends\" and then the album \"Madman Across the Water\", the latter reaching number eight in the U.S. and producing the hit songs, \"Levon\", and the album's opening track \"Tiny Dancer\". In 1972, Davey Johnstone joined the Elton John Band on guitar and backing vocals. Released in 1972, \"Honky Château\" became John's first U.S. number one album, spending five weeks at the top of the \"Billboard\" 200, and began",
"psg_id": "7758925"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "by former Spencer Davis Group drummer Nigel Olsson and bassist Dee Murray, Elton John's first American concert took place at the Troubadour in Los Angeles in August 1970, and was a success. The concept album \"Tumbleweed Connection\" was released in October 1970, and reached number two in the UK and number five in the U.S. The live album \"17-11-70\" (titled \"11–17–70\" in the U.S.) was recorded at a live show aired from A&R Studios on WABC-FM in New York City. Sales of the live album were heavily hit in the US when an east-coast bootlegger released the performance several weeks",
"psg_id": "7758924"
},
{
"title": "Love Songs (Elton John album)",
"text": "Love Songs (Elton John album) Love Songs is a compilation album by British singer-songwriter Elton John. The album was first released on 6 November 1995 by John's own label The Rocket Record Company, in conjunction with Mercury Records. The album was released in North America by MCA Records almost a year after the European release, on 24 September 1996. In the US, it was certified gold in December 1996, platinum in March 1997, 2× platinum in December 1998 and 3× platinum in August 2000 by the RIAA. The album was a major success upon its release, topping the albums charts",
"psg_id": "5364403"
},
{
"title": "Elton John 1970 World Tour",
"text": "Elton John 1970 World Tour The first time Elton John toured was in 1970 to support his second album \"Elton John.\" The first leg focused around the London area excluding the last two nights of the tour. Elton, Nigel Olsson and Dee Murray then crossed over to North America where they were booked to play six nights at the Troubadour Club which proved Elton to be a success and brought to the attention of the American public. Elton's short residency at The Troubadour attracted several famous visitors including Elton's idol Leon Russell. Bob Dylan also visited Elton John and Bernie",
"psg_id": "15826002"
},
{
"title": "Elton John 2004 Tour",
"text": "Orchestra. Elton and the band then went to perform their first show in Gibraltar and went on to perform in China, South Korea and Taiwan. Elton John 2004 Tour The 2004 Tour was a concert tour by Elton John that took place in 2004 covering three continents, fourteen countries and twenty-nine cities. Elton John and his band set out on tour on 13 February 2004. Elton held the second ever residency at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace while Céline Dion was continuing her A New Day... residency. The show was called 'The Red Piano' because of the prominent red piano",
"psg_id": "15970754"
},
{
"title": "Electricity (Elton John song)",
"text": "'Electricity sparks inside of me and I'm free, I'm free!\" It was inspired by the scene in the film, which it follows closely, in which Billy describing dancing as \"Electricity\". His passion, shown in his description, is the implied reason for Billy's acceptance into The Royal Ballet School. Electricity (Elton John song) \"Electricity\" is a song composed by Elton John and Lee Hall for \"Billy Elliot the Musical\". It was John's 63rd UK Top 40 hit, peaking at #4 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was included as a bonus track on the UK re-issue of Elton's album \"Peachtree",
"psg_id": "8740502"
},
{
"title": "Elton Chong",
"text": "\"Drunken Master\", \"The Fearless Hyena\" and \"The Young Master\", in Korea some of the directors desperately looked for the Korean star for the next hit. Like the Korean actor Dragon Lee (who was Bruce Lee imitator in Korea.) the directors looked for the imitators of Jackie Chan since by this period the comedy kung fu was major hit in Korea. Elton Chong finally made his first starring role in the movie \"Shaolin Drunken Monkey\" where he acts in similar ways to Jackie Chan`s comedic kung fu template. Although his first starring role movie didn`t amazed the whole world but Elton",
"psg_id": "18567258"
},
{
"title": "Symphony No.1: What Happened When I Was Asleep",
"text": "Symphony No.1: What Happened When I Was Asleep Symphony No.1: What Happened When I Was Asleep is the fifth solo album by Svoy. It was released on June 23, 2015, on Songs of Universal/Universal Music Group, Inc. The album was in production for over 5 years during which Svoy created 10 new selections, including original cover of The Beatles' classic \"The Long and Winding Road\" and Adam Levy's \"I Shot Her Down\". PopMatters' Brice Ezell described it as \"\"...A brooding and knotty piece of music, one whose serpentine flow evades easy comprehension\"\", EDM Assassin's Nick Pesavento suggested \"\"...You will not",
"psg_id": "18879423"
},
{
"title": "Elton John One Night Only – The Greatest Hits",
"text": "Elton John One Night Only – The Greatest Hits Elton John One Night Only – The Greatest Hits is a live album released by Elton John in 2000. The album was recorded on 20 and 21 October 2000 at Madison Square Garden. An extended version was also released as a DVD, entitled One Night Only: The Greatest Hits Live at Madison Square Garden. The title is \"one night only\" because the recording equipment failed to tape most of the audio from the first night, leaving only the second night to be recorded as an album. In the US, it was",
"psg_id": "7648843"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "album \"Captain Fantastic and the Brown Dirt Cowboy\" debuted at number one in the U.S., the first album ever to do so, and stayed at the top for seven weeks. Elton John revealed his previously ambiguous personality on the album, with Taupin's lyrics describing their early days as struggling songwriters and musicians in London. The lyrics and accompanying photo booklet are infused with a specific sense of place and time that is otherwise rare in his music. \"Someone Saved My Life Tonight\" was the hit single from this album and captured an early turning point in John's life. The album's",
"psg_id": "7758932"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "the British animated television series of the same name. \"Up The Revolution\" was John's track, alongside contributions from George Harrison, the Bee Gees and Eric Clapton. The album was issued briefly, and only in the U.K. Along with Tim Rice, Elton John wrote the songs for the 1994 Disney animated film \"The Lion King\". At the 67th Academy Awards, three of the five nominees for the Academy Award for Best Song were from \"The Lion King\" soundtrack. John won the award with \"Can You Feel the Love Tonight\". Both that and \"Circle of Life\" became hit songs for John. \"Can",
"psg_id": "7758948"
},
{
"title": "Symphony No.1: What Happened When I Was Asleep",
"text": "be able to pull your headphones out\"\" and YourEDM's Timmy Kusnierek wrote \"\"...It's a beautifully avant-garde collection that incorporates the gamut of genres, including breakbeat, dub, neoclassical, ambient, and more. The ten tracks of the album escalate in intensity, each more pensive and introspective than the last\"\". Symphony No.1: What Happened When I Was Asleep Symphony No.1: What Happened When I Was Asleep is the fifth solo album by Svoy. It was released on June 23, 2015, on Songs of Universal/Universal Music Group, Inc. The album was in production for over 5 years during which Svoy created 10 new selections,",
"psg_id": "18879424"
},
{
"title": "Passengers (Elton John song)",
"text": "Passengers (Elton John song) Passengers is a song by Elton John that appears on his 1984 album \"Breaking Hearts\". The song reached number five on the UK chart, and reached the top ten in Australia, but was not released as a single in the US. It was composed by John, Bernie Taupin and Davey Johnstone. The music for the song was largely based on a South African folk tune called 'Isonto Lezayone', which was recorded in 1963 by Phineas Mkhize. The whistle riff and chorus melody are borrowed from this piece, and Mkhize is given a songwriting credit for the",
"psg_id": "20494573"
},
{
"title": "Elton John 1970 World Tour",
"text": "Taupin backstage before one of the performances. The first performance was introduced by Neil Diamond. Following the success of the shows at The Troubadour Elton embarked on his first major tour of the United States starting on 29 October 1970 and ending on 4 December 1970. One show at the A&R Studios in New York City was recorded and later released as 17-11-70 Elton John 1970 World Tour The first time Elton John toured was in 1970 to support his second album \"Elton John.\" The first leg focused around the London area excluding the last two nights of the tour.",
"psg_id": "15826003"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "of songs from the musical \"Aida\" titled \"Elton John and Tim Rice's Aida\" was also released and featured the John duets \"Written in the Stars\" with LeAnn Rimes, and \"I Know the Truth\" with Janet Jackson. At this point, John disliked appearing in his own music videos; the video for \"This Train Don't Stop There Anymore\" featured Justin Timberlake portraying a young Elton John, and the video for \"I Want Love\" featured Robert Downey, Jr. lip-syncing the song. One month after the 11 September attacks, Elton John appeared at the Concert for New York City, performing \"I Want Love\" as",
"psg_id": "7758956"
},
{
"title": "Elton John: The Classic Years",
"text": "touted by Elton as his least favorite album, was never remastered, and last appeared on CD in 1992. It would later be released digitally in 2007. Elton John: The Classic Years Elton John: The Classic Years (known in North America as Elton John: The Remasters) was a remastering series of Sir Elton John's albums, in which some of the albums included bonus tracks. The first series of albums (which were also released in a limited edition velvet box, bearing Elton's signature) was released in 1995 and included: The second part of the series was released in 1998, and included: \"Victim",
"psg_id": "18678733"
},
{
"title": "Made in England (Elton John album)",
"text": "Made in England (Elton John album) Made in England is the twenty-fourth studio album by English singer-songwriter Elton John, released in 1995 and produced by him and Greg Penny, the first time since \"Leather Jackets\" without Chris Thomas. It was dedicated to John's boyfriend and future husband David Furnish. It was also dedicated to the memory of Denis Gauthier and Peter Williams. It was the last album to feature regular percussionist Ray Cooper until 2016's \"Wonderful Crazy Night\". Bob Birch became John's full-time recording and touring bass player and continued that role until his death in 2012. The song \"Please\"",
"psg_id": "5776261"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "London, Elton John won the award for Best British Male. In 1992, he released the U.S. number 8 album \"The One\", featuring the hit song \"The One\". He also released \"Runaway Train\", a duet he recorded with his long-time friend Eric Clapton, and with whom he played on Clapton's World Tour. John and Taupin then signed a music publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Music for an estimated $39 million over twelve years, giving them the largest cash advance in music publishing history. In April 1992, John appeared at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert at Wembley Stadium, performing \"The Show Must Go",
"psg_id": "7758946"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "performing; Taupin began collaborating with others. Now producing only one album a year, John issued \"A Single Man\" in 1978, employing a new lyricist, Gary Osborne; the album produced no singles that made the top 20 in the U.S. but the two singles from the album released in the UK, \"Part-Time Love\" and \"Song for Guy\", both made the top 20 in the UK, with the latter reaching the top 5. In 1979, accompanied by Ray Cooper, Elton John became one of the first Western artists to tour the Soviet Union, as well as one of the first in Israel.",
"psg_id": "7758938"
},
{
"title": "Diamonds (Elton John album)",
"text": "\"Elton John\", released in 1970. The limited edition box set version of \"Diamonds\" (the 3-CD version) contains a 72-page hardback book containing annotations for the stories behind each track plus a set of five postcards of illustrations of Elton John by contemporary artist Richard Kilroy. All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin unless otherwise noted. All songs written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin unless otherwise noted. Diamonds (Elton John album) Diamonds is a greatest hits album by British singer-songwriter Elton John spanning his biggest hits from 1970 to 2016. The album was released on 10 November 2017.",
"psg_id": "20401397"
},
{
"title": "Elton John 2004 Tour",
"text": "Elton John 2004 Tour The 2004 Tour was a concert tour by Elton John that took place in 2004 covering three continents, fourteen countries and twenty-nine cities. Elton John and his band set out on tour on 13 February 2004. Elton held the second ever residency at The Colosseum at Caesars Palace while Céline Dion was continuing her A New Day... residency. The show was called 'The Red Piano' because of the prominent red piano that Elton played on stage. The idea for the show originated in 2004 by Elton John and David LaChapelle. \"The Red Piano\" was originally scheduled",
"psg_id": "15970752"
},
{
"title": "Jump Up! (Elton John album)",
"text": "John's lyricist Bernie Taupin on his 1987 album, \"Tribe\". \"Hey Papa Legba\" and \"The Retreat\" were recorded during the sessions for \"21 at 33\" in August 1979. } Jump Up! (Elton John album) Jump Up! is the sixteenth studio album release by Elton John. It was released in 1982 by The Rocket Record Company except in the US and Canada, where it was released by Geffen Records. The album includes \"Empty Garden (Hey Hey Johnny)\", a tribute to John Lennon (who had also signed to Geffen for the release of \"Double Fantasy\", which is now owned by EMI). This is",
"psg_id": "6659388"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "insurance policy on John's life. In 1974, MCA released \"Elton John's Greatest Hits\", a UK and U.S. number one which is certified Diamond by the RIAA for sales of 16million copies in the U.S. In 1974, John collaborated with John Lennon on his cover of the Beatles' \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\", the B-side of which was Lennon's \"One Day at a Time.\" In return, John was featured on \"Whatever Gets You thru the Night\" on Lennon's \"Walls and Bridges\" album. Later that year, in what would be Lennon's last major live performance, the pair performed these two number-one",
"psg_id": "7758929"
},
{
"title": "Elton John: The Classic Years",
"text": "Elton John: The Classic Years Elton John: The Classic Years (known in North America as Elton John: The Remasters) was a remastering series of Sir Elton John's albums, in which some of the albums included bonus tracks. The first series of albums (which were also released in a limited edition velvet box, bearing Elton's signature) was released in 1995 and included: The second part of the series was released in 1998, and included: \"Victim of Love\", \"21 at 33\", \"The Fox\", \"Jump Up!\" and \"Breaking Hearts\" were eventually remastered and re-released on their own accord in 2003. \"Leather Jackets\", long",
"psg_id": "18678732"
},
{
"title": "Elton John 2003 Tour",
"text": "tour, he performed a series of concerts with the Elton John Band. Elton performed several solo concerts and two concerts with the band. Afterwards, Elton started a whole solo tour of Europe from 24 June through to 23 July. Elton then returned to the States for several concerts before finishing the tour in Europe. Elton John 2003 Tour The 2003 Tour was a concert tour by Elton John that took place in 2003 covering two continents, fifteen countries and fifty-three cities. The 2003 tour started with a befit concert in Anaheim, California, before a concert in Bakersfield. Elton traveled to",
"psg_id": "16268343"
},
{
"title": "The Fox (Elton John album)",
"text": "for \"Elton's Song\", which dealt with the story of a teenager boy's admiration for another teenage boy he yearns for, but is too shy to confront his feelings, was excluded from the UK video release because the public school it was filmed in objected to the theme of the song. All the videos were conceptualised by Keith Williams and directed by Russell Mulcahy. The Fox (Elton John album) The Fox, released in 1981, is the fifteenth studio album release for Elton John. With sales of approx. 300,000 US copies, it was one of Elton's poorest-selling albums in the United States.",
"psg_id": "6050995"
},
{
"title": "Elton (comedian)",
"text": "6 rounds Elton started his training and eventually finished the Marathon in 5:30:01 hrs as 34202nd. Elton (comedian) Alexander Duszat, better known under the nickname Elton, is a German television host and comedian. He was born on 2 April 1971 in West Berlin, but grew up and went to school in Hamburg. He finished his traineeship as a television and radio technician. Later he hosted several shows for the local television channel Hamburg 1, where he first appeared under the nickname Elton, which was given to him due to a reportedly similar appearance to Elton John. In February 2001 he",
"psg_id": "4720427"
},
{
"title": "Harmony (Elton John song)",
"text": "released, and \"Rolling Stone\" critic Andy Greene concurs. But DJM Records eventually released the song as a single in 1980 in the U.K. in 1980, backed with \"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters\" to support the compilation album \"The Very Best of Elton John\". \"Harmony\" was popular on American FM playlists of the day, especially WBZ-FM in Boston, whose top 40 chart allowed for the inclusion of LP cuts and B-sides as voted for by listeners. \"Harmony\" spent three weeks at no. 1 on WBZ-FM's chart in June 1974 and ranked no. 6 for the year, with \"Bennie and the Jets\"",
"psg_id": "18853531"
},
{
"title": "John Elton Coon",
"text": "Shriners. Coon was an honorary lifetime member of the Louisiana Firemen's Association and the International Chiefs of Police. He received the \"Silver Medal of Good Citizenship\" from the Sons of the American Revolution. He was a member of the First United Methodist Church of Monroe. Coon died in Monroe at the age of eighty-five. He and both of his wives are interred there at Mulhearn Memorial Park Cemetery. John Elton Coon John Elton Coon (August 10, 1907 – March 9, 1993) was a Democratic politician from Monroe, Louisiana, who served from 1948 to 1949 in the Louisiana House of Representatives",
"psg_id": "17416312"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "on his first released single, \"Mr. Boyd\" by Argosy, a quartet that was completed by Caleb Quaye and Nigel Olsson. On the advice of music publisher Steve Brown, John and Taupin started writing more complex songs for John to record for DJM. The first was the single \"I've Been Loving You\" (1968), produced by Caleb Quaye, Bluesology's former guitarist. In 1969, with Quaye, drummer Roger Pope, and bassist Tony Murray, John recorded another single, \"Lady Samantha\", and an album, \"Empty Sky\". For their follow-up album, \"Elton John\", John and Taupin enlisted Gus Dudgeon as producer and Paul Buckmaster as musical",
"psg_id": "7758922"
},
{
"title": "Elton John videography",
"text": "famous names as Justin Timberlake and Robert Downey, Jr., lip-synch the lyrics. Videos directed by photographer David LaChapelle for Elton John's The Red Piano stage at The Colosseum Caesars Palace in Las Vegas. Elton John videography The videography of Elton John consists of 118 music videos and 17 video albums. Since 1970, John has continually released promotional music videos, beginning with \"Your Song\" and only sporadically releasing videos thereafter. It was not until \"Visions\" in 1981, a release that included music videos of every song from his album \"The Fox\", as well as the rise of MTV, that he began",
"psg_id": "12424685"
},
{
"title": "Greatest Hits (Elton John album)",
"text": "Greatest Hits (Elton John album) Greatest Hits (often referred to as Elton John Greatest Hits in North America) is the eleventh official album release for Elton John, and the first compilation. Released in November 1974, it spans the years 1970 to 1974, compiling ten of John's singles, with one track variation for releases in North America and for Europe and Australia. It topped the album chart in both the United States and the United Kingdom, staying at number one for ten consecutive weeks in the former nation and eleven weeks in the latter. It was the best-selling album of 1975",
"psg_id": "4454361"
},
{
"title": "Elton (comedian)",
"text": "Elton (comedian) Alexander Duszat, better known under the nickname Elton, is a German television host and comedian. He was born on 2 April 1971 in West Berlin, but grew up and went to school in Hamburg. He finished his traineeship as a television and radio technician. Later he hosted several shows for the local television channel Hamburg 1, where he first appeared under the nickname Elton, which was given to him due to a reportedly similar appearance to Elton John. In February 2001 he was hired by the popular German entertainer Stefan Raab as an intern and sidekick for his",
"psg_id": "4720425"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "of Wales' eating disorder. John replied, \"Yes, I did. We were both bulimic.\" A longtime tennis enthusiast, he wrote the song \"Philadelphia Freedom\" in tribute to friend Billie Jean King's World Team Tennis team, the Philadelphia Freedoms. King was a player-coach for the team at the time. John and King remain friends and co-host an annual pro-am event to benefit AIDS charities, most notably Elton John's own Elton John AIDS Foundation, for which King is a chairwoman. John, who maintains a part-time residence in Atlanta, Georgia, became a fan of the Atlanta Braves baseball team when he moved there in",
"psg_id": "7758988"
},
{
"title": "Greatest Hits (Elton John album)",
"text": "(track 7) and \"Candle in the Wind\" (track 8). This edition follows the US LP track listing for the main album and adds \"Candle In The Wind\" as track 11. The expanded edition released by Nippon PolyGram/Mercury Music Entertainment (subtitled Your Song) has a different running order, excluding \"Bennie and the Jets\" and adding five additional tracks. In 2000, Universal Music Japan reissued the album under the alternative title Goodbye Yellow Brick Road. The track listing is as follows: Greatest Hits (Elton John album) Greatest Hits (often referred to as Elton John Greatest Hits in North America) is the eleventh",
"psg_id": "4454367"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "1991. In 2015, he was named one of \"GQ\"'s 50 best dressed British men. On 22 April 2017, he was discharged from hospital after two nights of intensive care for contracting \"a harmful and unusual\" bacterial infection during his return flight home from a South American tour in Santiago, Chile and was forced to cancel all of his shows scheduled for April and May 2017. Having supported Watford since growing up locally, Elton John became the club's chairman and director in 1976, appointing Graham Taylor as manager and investing large sums of money as the club rose three divisions into",
"psg_id": "7758989"
},
{
"title": "Ego (Elton John song)",
"text": "Ego (Elton John song) \"Ego\" is a song by Elton John with lyrics by Bernie Taupin. It was released as a single in early 1978, and did not appear on the album released in the same year, \"A Single Man\". The single did poorly on the charts, reaching #34 in both the UK and the U.S. A music video was made, and was the most expensive of its kind in its day. The video featured John Emberton who played Elton John as a small boy in the video acting out a scene from Romeo & Juliet. John Emberton's sister Penny",
"psg_id": "12534309"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "in Russia, stating; \"Elton John – he's an extraordinary person, a distinguished musician, and millions of our people sincerely love him, regardless of his sexual orientation.\" John responded by offering to introduce the president to Russians abused under Russian legislation banning \"homosexual propaganda\". On 24 September 2015, the Associated Press reported that President Putin called John and invited him to meet in the future to discuss LGBT rights in Russia. Putin's call came just a few days after two phone pranksters called Elton John, pretending to be Putin and his spokesman, and causing John to erroneously thank Putin for the",
"psg_id": "7758984"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "It doesn't come close to describing the love that I have for David, and he for me. In contrast, 'husband' does.\" In 2014, he claimed Jesus would have been in favour of same-sex marriage. In 2013, Elton John resisted calls to boycott Russia in protest at the Russian gay propaganda law, but told fans at a Moscow concert that the Russian laws were \"inhumane and isolating\" and he was \"deeply saddened and shocked over the current legislation\". In a January 2014 interview, Russian President Vladimir Putin spoke of John in an attempt to show that there was no gay discrimination",
"psg_id": "7758983"
},
{
"title": "No Matter What Shape (Your Stomach's In)",
"text": "Frank Carollo, Tommy Reynolds, and Gene Pello. None of them played on the hit record. The single spent 13 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, reaching No. 3, while reaching No. 1 on Canada's \"RPM\" Play Sheet. The album spent 7 weeks on \"Billboard\"s chart of Top LPs, reaching No. 75. The record itself lists Granville Sascha Burland as the composer, but ASCAP says the composer is Lou Bideu aka Lew Bedell. No Matter What Shape (Your Stomach's In) \"No Matter What Shape (Your Stomach's In)\" is an instrumental composition recorded in 1965 by The T-Bones and released as a",
"psg_id": "8496539"
},
{
"title": "John Waite",
"text": "John Waite John Charles Waite (born 4 July 1952) is an English musician. He was lead vocalist for The Babys and Bad English. As a solo artist, 1984's \"Missing You\" was a No. 1 hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and a top ten hit on the UK Singles Chart. Waite was born in Lancaster, and was educated at Lancaster Art College (The Storey Institute). Waite first came to attention as the lead singer and bassist of The Babys, a British rock band that had moderate chart success, including two pop hits that both coincidentally peaked at No. 13",
"psg_id": "3683440"
},
{
"title": "Elton Bryson Stephens Sr.",
"text": "They also donated US$15 million for the construction of the Elton B. Stephens Science Center on the campus of Birmingham–Southern College. Stephens married Alys Robinson. They had two sons, Elton B. Stephens Jr. and James T. Stephens, and two daughters, Jane S. Comer and Dell S. Brooke. His wife died in 1996. He died on February 5, 2005. His son James serves as the chairman of EBSCO Industries. Elton Bryson Stephens Sr. Elton Bryson Stephens Sr. (1911–2005) was an American businessman and philanthropist from Alabama. He was the founder of EBSCO Industries. Stephens was born on August 4, 1911, in",
"psg_id": "18899344"
},
{
"title": "John Elton",
"text": "John Elton John Elton (died 1751), was a British shipbuilder and seaman, noted for his efforts in the service of Nader Shah of Iran (r. 1736-1747). He was sent by the Russian government in 1735 to assist in the Orenburg expedition in the rank of a sea captain. During this mission he was sent to explore Lake Aral, but was hindered by the Tartars from reaching the lake. He then employed himself in surveying the south-eastern frontier of Russia, particularly part of the basins of the Kama, Volga, and Jaik. Returning to St. Petersburg in January 1738, he took umbrage",
"psg_id": "5595738"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "raised £5million, adding to the £45million the Balls have raised for the Elton John Aids Foundation. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in his first year of eligibility in 1994. He and Bernie Taupin had previously been inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1992. John was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in 1995. For his charitable work, John was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II on 24 February 1998. In October 1975, John became the 1,662nd person to receive a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He",
"psg_id": "7758996"
},
{
"title": "The Very Best of Elton John",
"text": "songs \"Easier to Walk Away\" and \"You Gotta Love Someone\", which also made the charts between 1990 and 1991. The release also spawned a music video compilation, which was originally released on both laserdisc and VHS, and reissued on DVD. The Very Best of Elton John The Very Best of Elton John is a greatest hits compilation album by Elton John, released in October 1990. His first career-retrospective album, and fourth official greatest-hits album overall, it was released in the United Kingdom and throughout Europe, and in other countries such as Japan and Australia, but not in the United States,",
"psg_id": "8027961"
},
{
"title": "Candle in the Wind 1997",
"text": "In the U.S., the solo #1 single broke Elton John's \"Kiki jinx.\" After five number-one solo hits in America in the 1970s, John hit #1 in a duet with Kiki Dee with 1976's \"Don't Go Breaking My Heart\". From then until \"Candle in the Wind 1997\", John did not record a number-one single by himself and only had two chart toppers altogether. The first of those was 1986's \"That's What Friends Are For\", where he joined forces with Dionne Warwick, Gladys Knight, and Stevie Wonder to form a quartet known as Dionne & Friends which helped raise money for AIDS",
"psg_id": "4973396"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "that “in one of the series’ most extraordinary moments, Elton John arrives toting a box-fresh lyric by Bernie Taupin and works it up in an instant, the song materializing in front of the viewers eyes before John and Jack White go for the take. There's the magic right there.” “Two Fingers of Whiskey” was released on 9 June 2017 on \"\". On 24 January 2018, it was announced that John would be retiring from touring and would soon embark on a three-year farewell tour. The first concert took place in Allentown, Pennsylvania on 8 September 2018. John cited spending time",
"psg_id": "7758974"
},
{
"title": "Dear God (Elton John song)",
"text": "as b-sides for the \"Too Low For Zero\" and \"Breaking Hearts\" albums, and have yet to surface on a CD release. Dear God (Elton John song) \"Dear God\" is a song by Elton John with lyrics by Gary Osborne. It's the sixth track on his 1980 album, \"21 at 33\". It is the shortest track on the album, and when released as a single, it failed to break any major charts. It did, however, reach No. 82 on the Australian singles chart. It was originally intended to be released with only the one B-side, \"Tactics\", but the actual release came",
"psg_id": "12073154"
},
{
"title": "Dear God (Elton John song)",
"text": "Dear God (Elton John song) \"Dear God\" is a song by Elton John with lyrics by Gary Osborne. It's the sixth track on his 1980 album, \"21 at 33\". It is the shortest track on the album, and when released as a single, it failed to break any major charts. It did, however, reach No. 82 on the Australian singles chart. It was originally intended to be released with only the one B-side, \"Tactics\", but the actual release came as a double-disc set, with the other disc being \"Steal Away Child\" and \"Love So Cold\". Two tracks were later used",
"psg_id": "12073153"
},
{
"title": "Harmony (Elton John song)",
"text": "\"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\". Harmony (Elton John song) \"Harmony\" is a song written by Bernie Taupin and Elton John that was originally released by Elton John on his 1973 album \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\". In the U.S. it was released as the B-side of the \"Bennie and the Jets\" single in 1974, and in the U.K. it was recorded in May 1973, at Château d'Hérouville, France.it was released as a single in 1980 with \"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters\" on the B-side. It has also been covered by many artists, including Diana Ross, Zac Brown Band and Jesse Malin. On",
"psg_id": "18853534"
},
{
"title": "Harmony (Elton John song)",
"text": "Harmony (Elton John song) \"Harmony\" is a song written by Bernie Taupin and Elton John that was originally released by Elton John on his 1973 album \"Goodbye Yellow Brick Road\". In the U.S. it was released as the B-side of the \"Bennie and the Jets\" single in 1974, and in the U.K. it was recorded in May 1973, at Château d'Hérouville, France.it was released as a single in 1980 with \"Mona Lisas and Mad Hatters\" on the B-side. It has also been covered by many artists, including Diana Ross, Zac Brown Band and Jesse Malin. On their face, the lyrics",
"psg_id": "18853527"
},
{
"title": "Sir Arthur Elton, 10th Baronet",
"text": "Sir Arthur Elton, 10th Baronet Sir Arthur Hallam Rice Elton, 10th Baronet (10 February 1906 – 1 January 1973) was a pioneer of the British documentary film industry. Educated at Marlborough College and Jesus College, Cambridge, he was a schoolfriend of John Betjeman. After graduation, he worked as a scriptwriter in England and Germany, and in 1931 was recruited into the Empire Marketing Board Film Unit (later the GPO Film Unit) by John Grierson. He worked as a director and producer on many films over the next two decades, mainly for the government, though 1932's \"Voice of the World\" was",
"psg_id": "6642924"
},
{
"title": "Elton John 2003 Tour",
"text": "Elton John 2003 Tour The 2003 Tour was a concert tour by Elton John that took place in 2003 covering two continents, fifteen countries and fifty-three cities. The 2003 tour started with a befit concert in Anaheim, California, before a concert in Bakersfield. Elton traveled to Europe to perform at two further benefit shows in Paris and London before traveling back to the States again to perform a further two benefit concerts in Atlanta, Georgia. After completing the benefit shows Elton traveled the United States with Billy Joel on their Face to Face tour. After finishing the Face to Face",
"psg_id": "16268342"
},
{
"title": "Elton John",
"text": "Elton John Sir Elton Hercules John (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight, 25 March 1947) is an English singer, pianist, and composer. He has worked with lyricist Bernie Taupin as his songwriting partner since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums. John has sold more than 300million records, making him one of the best-selling music artists in the world. He has more than fifty Top 40 hits, including seven consecutive number one albums in the U.S., 58 \"Billboard\" Top 40 singles, 27 Top 10, four which reached number two and nine which reached number one. His tribute single \"Candle in",
"psg_id": "7758906"
}
] | [
"crocodile rock",
"crocodile rock"
] |
in which decade was the oral roberts university founded at tulsa? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Oral Roberts University Oral Roberts University (ORU), based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the United States, is an interdenominational, Christian, comprehensive liberal arts university with 4,000 students. Founded in 1963, the university is named after its founder, evangelist Oral Roberts, and accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The school fronts on South Lewis Avenue between East 75th Street and East 81st Street in South Tulsa. Sitting on a campus, ORU offers over 65 undergraduate degree programs along with a number of masters and doctoral degrees. ORU is classified as a Master's University by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.",
"psg_id": "2583041"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts–Tulsa basketball rivalry",
"text": "Roberts by a score of 73–71. Oral Roberts swept the PSO Mayor's Cup games again in 2015, this time at TU's Reynolds Center, with the Golden Eagle women winning 59–53 on November 20, and the ORU men taking their third in a row in the series, 70–68 on December 5. Oral Roberts–Tulsa basketball rivalry The PSO Mayor's Cup is the name of the basketball rivalry between the University of Tulsa Golden Hurricane and Oral Roberts University Golden Eagles in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It is also the name of the trophy given to the winning Men's and Women's teams. The Mayor's Cup",
"psg_id": "10123783"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts–Tulsa basketball rivalry",
"text": "Oral Roberts–Tulsa basketball rivalry The PSO Mayor's Cup is the name of the basketball rivalry between the University of Tulsa Golden Hurricane and Oral Roberts University Golden Eagles in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It is also the name of the trophy given to the winning Men's and Women's teams. The Mayor's Cup is sponsored by the Public Service Company of Oklahoma. Tulsa and ORU had their first meeting on March 4, 1974, which Tulsa won 85–84. The series has been hard fought since then, and Tulsa holds the edge in the overall series 34–19. The rivalry has been marked by remarkable runs",
"psg_id": "10123780"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Ramadan, several students from Oral Roberts University reportedly disrupted services at a mosque in the city of Tulsa near the University of Tulsa. The students mistakenly thought it was the 27th night of Ramadan, which is the holiest night of the Muslim calendar. Mujeeb Cheema, the chairman of the Islamic Society of Tulsa at that time, told \"The New York Times\" that \"Some 20 Oral Roberts students put their hands on the exterior doors and walls of the mosque and prayed for the conversion of the Muslims.\" The students left after police had been summoned to the scene. A few",
"psg_id": "2583090"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Richard Roberts, which the Board of Trustees approved. Rutland took office on July 1, 2009 as the third president. Ground was officially broken for Oral Roberts' university in 1962 in the southern part of the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma. The university received its charter the following year in 1963 from the State of Oklahoma and Oral Roberts University officially opened in 1965 with an enrollment of 300 students and with seven major completed buildings. Oral Roberts placed special importance on the Prayer Tower, even though the concept of a building specifically dedicated to prayer located at the center of the",
"psg_id": "2583048"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "woman.\" While homosexual activity is against the school's honor code, many LGBTQ students have still attended the school due to family or personal choice. Over time, ORU alumni have made groups such as ORU-OUT and gay-straight alliances to allow LGBTQ students and alumni to have social support groups. Alumni of the University have also dedicated Facebook groups and petitions to stand against harsh anti-gay laws in Uganda. Oral Roberts University Oral Roberts University (ORU), based in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the United States, is an interdenominational, Christian, comprehensive liberal arts university with 4,000 students. Founded in 1963, the university is named",
"psg_id": "2583093"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Schools in the United States and Canada. Oral Roberts' son Richard was named president in 1993. In October 2007 the younger Roberts took a leave of absence, citing a lawsuit filed by former ORU professors; he resigned the following month. Oral Roberts emerged from retirement to take over as interim president of the university, and Tulsa evangelist Billy Joe Daugherty was named executive regent. That same month, the school was reportedly \"struggling financially\" with over $50 million in debt. ORU's operating budget for 2007-2008 was more than $82 million. However, in the second quarter of 2009, the university's debt was",
"psg_id": "2583046"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Roberts University School of Medicine in 1978, but severe financial difficulties with both of these institutions led to their closure in 1989. The O. W. Coburn School of Law opened in 1979. In 1986 the university \"shut down its ailing law school and sent its library to Pat Robertson's Bible-based college in Virginia\", which subsequently founded the Regent University School of Law. In January 1996 Golden Eagle Broadcasting, a small digital satellite Christian and family programming television network owned and operated by Oral Roberts University, was founded. Programming includes the Oral Roberts University Chapel Service, called \"The Gathering,\" ORU sports,",
"psg_id": "2583051"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts–Tulsa basketball rivalry",
"text": "either way: Oral Roberts won 8 consecutive match-ups in the late 1970s; directly following that streak, Tulsa won the next 13 in a row and 24 of 27 between December 8, 1980 and December 19, 2002. The rivalry has become more balanced in recent years, with each school winning 8 games over the past 16 meetings. The largest margin of victory was 45 points, by Tulsa over ORU in 1994. Another turning point in the rivalry was Tulsa's hiring of Bill Self away from Oral Roberts prior to the 1997–98 season. The ORU and TU Women's basketball teams have faced",
"psg_id": "10123781"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "Abundant Life Prayer Group (ALPG), was founded in 1958. In 1963, he founded Oral Roberts University (ORU) in Tulsa, Oklahoma, stating he was obeying a command from God. The university was chartered during 1963 and received its first students in 1965. Students were required to sign an honor code pledging not to drink, smoke, or engage in premarital sexual activities. The Prayer Tower, opened in 1967, is located at the center of the campus. Roberts was a pioneer televangelist, and attracted a vast viewership. He began broadcasting by radio in 1947, and began broadcasting his revivals by television in 1954.",
"psg_id": "1931640"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Oral Roberts University had been fully accredited for ten years by the North Central Association, to which the students responded by lifting Roberts off the stage and carrying him around the outdoor assembly amid the cheers of supporters. During the first decade of the school's existence, enrollment increased at a rapid pace; also during this time, many of the campus' iconic structures were completed, such as the Howard Auditorium, the Graduate Center, the Mabee Center, and Christ's Chapel among others. The university built the City of Faith Medical and Research Center hospital, which opened in 1981, and started the Oral",
"psg_id": "2583050"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "next to his wife at the Memorial Park Cemetery in Tulsa, Oklahoma (the same cemetery where T. L. Osborn was interred, nearly 4 years after). Roberts was survived by two of four children, twelve grandchildren and several great-grandchildren. According to a 1987 article in \"The New York Review of Books\" by Martin Gardner, the \"most accurate and best documented biography is \"Oral Roberts: An American Life\", an objective study by David Edwin Harrell Jr., a historian at Auburn University. About Roberts By Roberts Oral Roberts Granville Oral Roberts (January 24, 1918 – December 15, 2009) was an American Charismatic Christian",
"psg_id": "1931654"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association",
"text": "Oral’s healing ministry was launched. He then moved to Tulsa, Oklahoma, where he began to hold tent meetings. During the 1950s, Oral expanded his ministry through literature that was printed and distributed to people around the world, and through the launching of his television ministry. He founded the Abundant Life Prayer Group in 1958 and soon phone calls for prayer were coming in from people worldwide. And in 1962, Oral broke ground for the Oral Roberts University. In 1980, Oral’s son, Richard Roberts, began his own healing ministry and became President of Oral Roberts Ministries. Richard currently holds healing rallies",
"psg_id": "12442861"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "the Higher Learning Commission, one of two commission members of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools (NCA), which was founded in 1895 as one of six regional institutional accreditors in the United States. A major distinction of ORU is its high number of additional specialized program accreditations, especially for a university of its size. The following is a list of the academic colleges with the recognition of specialized accreditation, along with the name of the accrediting body. The university was founded by Oral Roberts in 1965 \"as a result of the evangelist Oral Roberts' obeying God’s mandate to",
"psg_id": "2583044"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "the principal donor of the proposed college, oilman Robert M. McFarlin. Tulsa has 15 institutions of higher education, including two private universities: the University of Tulsa, a school founded in 1894, and Oral Roberts University, a school founded by evangelist Oral Roberts in 1963. The University of Tulsa has an enrollment of 4,192 undergraduate and graduate students and is ranked 83rd among national doctoral universities in \"U.S. News and World Report\"'s 2009 edition of America's Best Colleges and among the best 123 Western Colleges by the \"Princeton Review\" in 2007, which also ranks it in the top ten schools nationally",
"psg_id": "1334320"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "from the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association, to the apparent approval of many students and faculty members. On 10 January 2008 ORU settled with lawsuit plaintiff John Swails who was reinstated to his previous teaching position. The school also announced a formal search committee for a new president, to be headed by board of regents member and Tulsa resident Glenda Payas. On January 14, 2008, Oral Roberts University’s board of regents voted unanimously to accept $62 million from the Mart Green family, founders of Hobby Lobby and Mardel educational and Christian supply stores. In late October, an ORU spokesman had said",
"psg_id": "2583062"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "national and international meetings and conventions. Through the years, he conducted more than 300 crusades on six continents, and personally laid hands in prayer on more than 2 million people. He also ran direct mail campaigns of seed-faith, which appealed to poor Americans, often from ethnic minorities. At its peak in the early 1980s, Roberts was the leader of a $120 million-a-year organization employing 2,300 people. This included not only a university but also a medical school and hospital as well as buildings on south of Tulsa valued at $500 million. Another part of the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association, the",
"psg_id": "1931639"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "and other Christian programs not associated with ORU. In October 2007, a lawsuit was filed in Tulsa County by three former professors who claimed to have been wrongfully terminated. They also alleged university president Richard Roberts misused university assets and illegally ordered the university to participate in Republican candidate Randi Miller's political campaign for Tulsa mayor. This occurred while the tax-exempt university was working lawfully with the Republican National Committee on out-of-state projects as part of a long-standing, pre-approved curriculum that had been in place for several years. Other allegations against Roberts include claims he used university funds to pay",
"psg_id": "2583052"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "Oral Roberts Granville Oral Roberts (January 24, 1918 – December 15, 2009) was an American Charismatic Christian televangelist, ordained in both the Pentecostal Holiness and United Methodist churches. He is considered the godfather of the charismatic movement and one of the most recognized preachers worldwide. He founded the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association and Oral Roberts University. As one of the most well-known and controversial American religious leaders of the 20th century, his preaching emphasized \"seed-faith\". His ministries reached millions of followers worldwide spanning a period of over six decades. His healing ministry and bringing American Pentecostalism into the mainstream had",
"psg_id": "1931633"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball",
"text": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball The Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team is the basketball team representing Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The team is a member of Summit League. The team has made a appearances in five NCAA Tournaments, the most recent appearance in 2008 which marked their third consecutive trip to the NCAA Tournament. The team has also appeared in eight National Invitation Tournaments, one College Basketball Invitational, and two CollegeInsider.com Postseason Tournaments. The school has won seven regular season conference championships and five tournament championships. The school has been members of the Southland Conference",
"psg_id": "9737072"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association",
"text": "Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association (OREA) is a Pentecostal ministry started by faith healer and televangelist Oral Roberts and currently run by his son Richard Roberts. Originally operating as a traveling revival with claims of curing the sick, in 1963 Oral Roberts University was founded by the ministry. In 2007 following a lawsuit involving Roberts, the school and the association's finances were separated. According to Oral Roberts, his ministry began when God spoke to him and he was healed of both tuberculosis and stuttering. In 1947, he conducted his first healing service in downtown Enid, Oklahoma where",
"psg_id": "12442860"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball",
"text": "also annually hosts the Oklahoma state high school playoffs and the Oklahoma Coaches Association All-Star games. It was also the former site of the NAIA National Basketball Championship. Mabee Center regularly plays host to various conventions, conferences, seminars, and special events such as the annual Miss Oklahoma pageant. In the past, Mabee Center has hosted such top-name per formers Elvis Presley, Garth Brooks, Willie Nelson, Reba McEntire and Blue Man Group. Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball The Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team is the basketball team representing Oral Roberts University in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The team is a",
"psg_id": "9737101"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "the university on November 21, 2007, former ORU senior accountant Trent Huddleston claimed he had been ordered to help Roberts and his wife \"cook the books\" by misclassifying nearly $123,000 in funds allegedly spent by the university on remodeling the Roberts home. On November 13, the tenured faculty of Oral Roberts University approved by a simple majority a non-binding vote of no confidence in Richard Roberts. Roberts tendered his letter of resignation to the university's board of regents on November 23, effective immediately. In a prepared email statement released by the university, he said, \"I love ORU with all my",
"psg_id": "2583060"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa Golden Hurricane men's basketball",
"text": "has faded somewhat since Tulsa left the Missouri Valley Conference after the 1995 season. Tulsa also has a mild rivalry with Oral Roberts University, which is located in southern Tulsa. The teams began play in 1974 and has largely been one sided, however Oral Roberts has tightened the gap quite a bit in recent years, the two teams currently play annually. A traveling trophy, the Mayor's Cup, is exchanged between the winner of the game. Tulsa hired Bill Self away from Oral Roberts in 1997. While in the Missouri Valley Conference, the Golden Hurricane had an extensive rivalry with Wichita",
"psg_id": "10139410"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa Spirit",
"text": "Tulsa Spirit Tulsa Spirit is an American women’s soccer team, founded in 2008. The team is a member of the Women's Premier Soccer League, the third tier of women’s soccer in the United States and Canada. The team plays in the North bracket of the Southwest Division. On Feb.21, 2014 the Major Arena Soccer League team the Tulsa Revolution (mens) announced the formation of a partnership with the Tulsa Spirit. That partnership dissolved following the folding of the Revolution. The team plays its home games at the Case Soccer Complex at Oral Roberts University in the city of Tulsa, Oklahoma.",
"psg_id": "13051023"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "In November 2007, former board of regents member Harry McNevin claimed that during the 1980s, the ORU Board of Regents \"rubber-stamped\" the \"use of millions in endowment money to buy a Beverly Hills property so Oral Roberts could have a West Coast office and house.\" McNevin also said a country club membership was purchased for Oral Roberts' home. \"His idea was if he could get on the golf course with these people, he could get donations for the university,\" said McNevin. These lavish expenses led McNevin to resign from the board in 1987. In a wrongful termination lawsuit filed against",
"psg_id": "2583059"
},
{
"title": "2017–18 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2017–18 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2017–18 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by first-year head coach Paul Mills and played their home games at the Mabee Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma as members of The Summit League. They finished the season 11–21, 5–9 in Summit League play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Summit League Tournament to Denver. The Golden Eagles finished the season 8–22, 4–12 in Summit League",
"psg_id": "20415243"
},
{
"title": "2018–19 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2018–19 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2018–19 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represents Oral Roberts University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles are led by second-year head coach Paul Mills and play their home games at the Mabee Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma as members of The Summit League. The Golden Eagles finished the season 11–21, 5–9 in Summit League play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Summit League Tournament to Denver. !colspan=9 style=| Regular season !colspan=9 style=| The Summit League",
"psg_id": "20862449"
},
{
"title": "2018–19 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "regular season !colspan=9 style=| Summit League Tournament 2018–19 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2018–19 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represents Oral Roberts University during the 2018–19 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles are led by second-year head coach Paul Mills and play their home games at the Mabee Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma as members of The Summit League. The Golden Eagles finished the season 11–21, 5–9 in Summit League play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Summit League Tournament to Denver. !colspan=9 style=|",
"psg_id": "20862450"
},
{
"title": "2017–18 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "!colspan=9 style=| Regular season !colspan=9 style=| Summit League Tournament 2017–18 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2017–18 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2017–18 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by first-year head coach Paul Mills and played their home games at the Mabee Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma as members of The Summit League. They finished the season 11–21, 5–9 in Summit League play to finish in a tie for fifth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Summit League Tournament to Denver. The Golden",
"psg_id": "20415245"
},
{
"title": "2016–17 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2016–17 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2016–17 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2016–17 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by 18th year head coach Scott Sutton and played their home games at the Mabee Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma as members of The Summit League. They finished the season 8–22, 4–12 in Summit League play to finish in last place. As a result, they failed to qualify for The Summit League Tournament. On April 10, 2017, the school fired all-time winningest coach Scott Sutton after",
"psg_id": "19734894"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Roberts told students during his weekly chapel, \"This lawsuit ...is about intimidation, blackmail and extortion.\" Former ORU professor and lawsuit plaintiff Tim Brooker commented, \"All over that campus there are signs up that say, 'And God said, build me a university, build it on my authority, and build it on the Holy Spirit.' Unfortunately, ownership has shifted.\" United Church of Christ minister Carlton Pearson, a former protege of Oral Roberts, said Richard Roberts was \"born into privilege... What others may call extravagance he may not see it as extravagant.\" According to CNN, Pearson said he was disappointed but not surprised",
"psg_id": "2583055"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "rich and diverse religious history, with notable and culturally significant communities of Christians, Jews, Muslims and others. Tulsa is part of the Southern region demographers and commentators refer to as the \"Bible Belt,\" where Protestant and, in particular, Southern Baptist and other evangelical Christian traditions are very prominent. In fact, Tulsa, home to Oral Roberts University, is sometimes called the \"buckle of the Bible Belt\". Beyond Oral Roberts, a number of prominent Protestant Christians have lived or studied in Tulsa, including Joel Osteen, Carlton Pearson, Kenneth Copeland, Billy Joe Daugherty, Smokie Norful and Billy James Hargis. Tulsa is also home",
"psg_id": "1334266"
},
{
"title": "Victory Christian School (Tulsa, Oklahoma)",
"text": "Victory Christian School (Tulsa, Oklahoma) Victory Christian School is a private Christian school located in Tulsa, Oklahoma at 7700 South Lewis. The school is co-ed and a Subsidiary program of Victory Christian Center, Inc., a non-denominational Christian church in Tulsa. Victory Christian School was founded in 1979 by Pastor Billy Joe Daugherty and his wife, Pastor Sharon Daugherty. In 1989, the school moved to its current facilities at 7700 S. Lewis Ave in Tulsa, OK. In 2001, the preschool and kindergarten programs were move to buildings leased from Oral Roberts University. In 1979, 269 students were enrolled in K-6. In",
"psg_id": "16140390"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "at local parks, such as an enlarged version of Cyrus Dallin's Appeal to the Great Spirit sculpture at Woodward Park. At the entrance to Oral Roberts University stands a large statue of praying hands, which, at high, is the largest bronze sculpture in the world. As a testament to the city's oil heritage, the Golden Driller guards the front entrance to the Tulsa County Fairgrounds. Tulsa contains several permanent dance, theater, and concert groups, including the Tulsa Ballet, the Tulsa Opera, the Tulsa Symphony Orchestra, Light Opera Oklahoma, Signature Symphony at TCC, the Tulsa Youth Symphony, the Heller Theatre, American",
"psg_id": "1334283"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "days after the event, the society received a written apology from the Reverend Bill Shuler, who was the director of religious services on the ORU campus. A university spokesman indicated that the students would not be disciplined and that officials from the university were discussing with the students their accounts of the events, which differed from what was reported by the Muslims attending the religious services. Another Oral Roberts official, Jesse Pisors, further stated that despite the fact that students were praying for the conversion of Muslims, \"their purpose specifically was not to proselytize or to intimidate.\" Citing alleged discrimination",
"psg_id": "2583091"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles",
"text": "Elite Eight in the 1974 Tournament before losing to Kansas 93–90 in overtime, in what has been called \"the most important basketball game ever played in Tulsa.\" Most recently, the men's basketball team went to the 2006 NCAA Tournament as the #16 seed, but lost in the first round to #1 seeded Memphis. The following season, on November 15, 2006, the unranked Oral Roberts basketball team stunned the #3 team in the nation, the University of Kansas, at the Allen Fieldhouse in Lawrence, Kansas, 78–71. The team went on to win the Mid-Con conference championship on March 6, 2007, defeating",
"psg_id": "9555796"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association",
"text": "overall efficiency rating of 1 out of 4 stars. GuideStar reports it \"produces 52 weekly television and radio programs, and 260 daily television programs to help spread the Gospel of Jesus Christ in the United States and throughout the world. These programs reach an estimated 800,000 people per week.\" In 2010, the OREA' 990 showed Richard Roberts was paid $496,088 plus $95,150. He also received $202,402 in compensation from Oral Roberts University, which listed him as \"former president.\" His wife, Linda Salem Roberts, is paid $75,255 plus $150,700 and D. Michael Bernard earned $175,228. Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association Oral Roberts",
"psg_id": "12442863"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "pylon-like columns, gold-tinted windows and a lozenge shaped footprint that university publicity says was styled after King Solomon's Temple. The Howard Auditorium is a gold, Buckminster Fuller style geodesic dome that is used for movies, theatre productions, classes and seminars. Bi-weekly university chapel services are held in Christ's Chapel, a 3,500 seat building constructed in drape-like fashion as an echo of Oral Roberts' early tent revivals. The Googie style Prayer Tower at the center of campus was intended to resemble \"an abstract cross and Crown of Thorns\" and also houses a visitor center. The Mabee Center is an 11,000 seat",
"psg_id": "2583080"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "heart. I love the students, faculty, staff and administration and I want to see God's best for all of them.\" The regents said they would meet the following week to discuss the search for a new president. Executive regent Billy Joe Daugherty continued as interim president (working with chancellor Oral Roberts). \"You can't take the sacrifices of God's people and use them any old way,\" McNevin commented after Roberts' resignation. \"It's been 20 years that they've been doing the same things that I became aware of.\" On November 27, Pearsons said the university planned to separate its finances and leadership",
"psg_id": "2583061"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts–Tulsa basketball rivalry",
"text": "off in the series since 1976. The ORU Women's team has dominated, 30–7, including a 20-game streak from 1976 through 1999. The cross-town basketball series has been called the \"PSO Mayor’s Cup\" since 2012, with Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO) serving as the title sponsor. The 2014 PSO Mayor's Cup Men's game, held on November 15 at ORU's Mabee Center, was won by Oral Roberts by a score of 77–68, serving as the second straight win in the series by the Golden Eagles. The 2014 PSO Mayor's Cup Women's game, held on November 21, was also won by Oral",
"psg_id": "10123782"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "1932. Tulsa supports a wide array of sports at the professional and collegiate levels. The city hosts two NCAA Division I colleges and multiple professional minor league sports teams in baseball, football, hockey, and soccer. Tulsa has two universities that compete at the NCAA Division I level: the University of Tulsa Golden Hurricane, and the Oral Roberts University Golden Eagles. The University of Tulsa's men's basketball program has reached the Sweet Sixteen three times, made an appearance in the Elite Eight in 2000, won the NIT championship in 1981 and 2001, and won the inaugural College Basketball Invitational in 2008.",
"psg_id": "1334298"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "his staff on publicity pictures\". He stirred up controversy when \"Time\" reported in 1987 that his son Richard Roberts claimed that he had seen his father raise a child from the dead. That year, the \"Bloom County\" comic strip recast its character Bill the Cat as a satirized televangelist, \"Fundamentally Oral Bill.\" In 1987, \"Time\" stated that he was \"re-emphasizing faith healing and [is] reaching for his old-time constituency.\" However, the income of his organization continued to decrease (from $88 million in 1980 to $55 million in 1986, according to the \"Tulsa Tribune\") and his largely vacant City of Faith",
"psg_id": "1931648"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "February 11, 1977 with her husband, businessman Marshall Nash. Their elder son, Ronald Roberts, committed suicide by shooting himself in the heart on June 10, 1982, five months after receiving a court order to undergo counseling at a drug treatment center and six months after coming out as gay. The other two Roberts children are son Richard, an evangelist and former president of Oral Roberts University, and daughter Roberta Potts, an attorney. Roberts died of complications from pneumonia on December 15, 2009, at the age of 91. He had been \"semi-retired\" and living in Newport Beach, California. He was interred",
"psg_id": "1931653"
},
{
"title": "Richard Roberts (evangelist)",
"text": "from the School of Business join doctors as a part of the crusade team. Roberts has outreaches in Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Ghana and Niger that include seminars and surgeries. Tulsa City Council presents ORU president Richard Roberts with a Key to the City of Tulsa to reflect their \"eternal gratitude for your efforts on our behalf.\" A proclamation was read regarding ORU’s contribution to the Tulsa community. In one semester, ORU students gave a total of 2,500 hours of their time in service to organizations in Tulsa. Roberts pushes to increase participation in the Oral Roberts University Educational Fellowship organization",
"psg_id": "7297878"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Board of Regents. Governor Brad Henry declared September 25, 2009, \"Dr. Mark Rutland Day\". At the ceremony, Rutland received a blessing from the founder and chancellor of the university, Oral Roberts. In December 2010, ORU announced that the Green family would make another $10 million gift in 2011, to be used for renovations and technology improvements. The gift raised the Greens' total donations to $110 million. On January 31, 2013, ORU announced that William \"Billy\" Wilson, executive director of the International Center for Spiritual Renewal and vice-chair of the ORU board of trustees, had been selected to succeed Rutland as",
"psg_id": "2583072"
},
{
"title": "Richard Roberts (evangelist)",
"text": "Cho’s Church Growth International in Seoul, Korea. Richard Roberts (evangelist) Richard Lee Roberts (born November 12, 1948) is chairman and chief executive officer of the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association and previously served as president of Oral Roberts University (ORU) for 15 years. Richard Lee Roberts was born on November 12, 1948, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the son of evangelist Granville Oral Roberts (died 2009) and school teacher Evelyn Lutman Roberts (died 2005). The third born of four Roberts children, he had an older sister, Rebecca Ann, who along with her husband, Marshall Nash, was killed in a plane crash in 1977,",
"psg_id": "7297889"
},
{
"title": "Richard Roberts (evangelist)",
"text": "Richard Roberts (evangelist) Richard Lee Roberts (born November 12, 1948) is chairman and chief executive officer of the Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association and previously served as president of Oral Roberts University (ORU) for 15 years. Richard Lee Roberts was born on November 12, 1948, in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the son of evangelist Granville Oral Roberts (died 2009) and school teacher Evelyn Lutman Roberts (died 2005). The third born of four Roberts children, he had an older sister, Rebecca Ann, who along with her husband, Marshall Nash, was killed in a plane crash in 1977, and an older brother, Ronald David, who",
"psg_id": "7297857"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "or heal patients in the hospital. His organizations were also affected by scandals involving other televangelists and the City of Faith hospital was forced to close in 1989 after losing money. Roberts was forced to respond with the sale of his holiday homes in Palm Springs and Beverly Hills as well as three of his Mercedes cars. Oral Roberts' son Richard Roberts resigned from the presidency of ORU on November 23, 2007 after being named as a defendant in a lawsuit alleging improper use of university funds for political and personal purposes, and improper use of university resources. The university",
"psg_id": "1931650"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa metropolitan area",
"text": "passenger service. Other minor airports serving general aviation are located throughout the region. The Tulsa Metropolitan Area, like much of the state of Oklahoma, is served by independent school districts. Each county contains several school districts and each school district is governed by a local school board. The region's largest school district is Tulsa Public Schools. See also List of colleges and universities in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The Tulsa metro is home to several colleges and universities. The Tulsa area's largest private schools are University of Tulsa and Oral Roberts University. Rogers State University is located in Claremore with branch campuses",
"psg_id": "10183058"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "larger base of contemporary architectural styles, including a number of buildings by famed architect Bruce Goff, who lived in Tulsa. South, East and Midtown Tulsa are also home to a number of ranch and Mid-Century Modern homes that reflect Tulsa's prosperous post-war period. The BOK Tower, built during this period, is the 2nd tallest building in Oklahoma and the surrounding states of Missouri, New Mexico, Arkansas, and Kansas. Tulsa also has the third-, and fourth-tallest buildings in the state, including the Cityplex Tower, which is located in South Tulsa across from Oral Roberts University, far from downtown. One of the",
"psg_id": "1334252"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles",
"text": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles The Oral Roberts Golden Eagles are the 16 intercollegiate teams representing the Oral Roberts University that compete in the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Oral Roberts currently competes in the Summit League as of July 1, 2014. The Titans began play as an independent team in 1965. In 1971, the Titans moved up to Division I. From 1979 until 1987, the Titans were a member of the Midwestern Collegiate Conference. In 1989, they became an NAIA school. In 1991, they returned to Division I. The team joined the Mid-Continent Conference (now The Summit League)",
"psg_id": "9555794"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles",
"text": "areas and three netted batting cages. The track & field area features a complete pole vault area, high jump pit and long jump & triple jump practice areas. Oral Roberts Golden Eagles The Oral Roberts Golden Eagles are the 16 intercollegiate teams representing the Oral Roberts University that compete in the U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division I. Oral Roberts currently competes in the Summit League as of July 1, 2014. The Titans began play as an independent team in 1965. In 1971, the Titans moved up to Division I. From 1979 until 1987, the Titans were a member of",
"psg_id": "9555809"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "build a university on God’s authority and the Holy Spirit. God’s commission to Oral Roberts was to 'Raise up your students to hear My voice, to go where My light is dim, where My voice is heard small, and My healing power is not known, even to the uttermost bounds of the earth. Their work will exceed yours, and in this I am well pleased'.\" The first students enrolled in 1965. The school was accredited in 1971 by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools. It is also accredited by the Association of Theological",
"psg_id": "2583045"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "His television ministry continued with \"The Abundant Life\" program reaching 80% of the United States by 1957, and quarterly Prime Time Specials from 1969 through 1980. In 1996, he founded Golden Eagle Broadcasting. On March 17, 1968, Roberts and his wife were received as members of the Boston Avenue United Methodist Church in Tulsa, Oklahoma by Dr. Finis Crutchfield, then pastor. The United Methodist Church offered more leniency in doctrinal and moral issues than the Pentecostal Holiness Church had. This granted Roberts some leeway, as it was expected that the strictness of the Pentecostal tradition may have impeded his rise",
"psg_id": "1931641"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "office space under the name CityPlex Towers. A 60 ft (18.2 m), 30 ton bronze sculpture \"Praying Hands\", by sculptor Leonard McMurray (cast in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico in 1980) and originally in front of the towers, was moved to the ORU campus entrance in the summer of 1991. Oral Roberts University is a member of The Summit League after leaving its former conference home, Southland Conference, in July 2014. Its athletic programs include basketball, cross country, golf, soccer and tennis along with track and field for men and women. There is also a baseball program for men and volleyball for",
"psg_id": "2583085"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "ORU was $52.5 million in debt and the school accepted an unconditional $8 million from the Greens in late November. ORU’s board of regents has been replaced with a 23-member board of trustees all initially named by the Greens, with Mart Green as chairman. Although Green said in November, two family members would sit on the board, he will reportedly be the only one. Green said he wanted to be involved in ORU because his family “felt like financial stewardship needed to be shored up.” Of the $82 million given to Oral Roberts University, around half went toward eliminating the",
"psg_id": "2583063"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa metropolitan area",
"text": "Turley. Cities and towns in the second ring of suburbs include, Claremore, Okmulgee, Glenpool, Collinsville, Wagoner, Coweta, Skiatook, and Inola. Tulsa, home to 391,906 people in 2010, is the principal cultural and economic hub of the Tulsa Metropolitan Area. The city, once known as the Oil Capital of the World, is still home to a large array of international oil-related industries, financial corporations, and manufacturing bases. The city contains the region's only public two-year college Tulsa Community College, and only private four-year universities, Oral Roberts University, and the University of Tulsa. The Tulsa International Airport and Tulsa Port of Catoosa",
"psg_id": "10183047"
},
{
"title": "GEB America",
"text": "GEB America GEB America (formerly known as Golden Eagle Broadcasting) is a digital satellite television network, which airs primarily Christian and family programming. Oral Roberts founded it in 1996. GEB America is owned by Oral Roberts University and is headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma. On January 24, 1996, KWMJ TV-53 Tulsa began airing with 24-hour programming. The launch of KWMJ TV-53 included programming like Oral Roberts's \"Chronicles of Faith\", which was a 30-minute program showing footage from his tent crusades and the Oral Roberts University Chapel. The first live chapel aired on January 26, 1996. On November 1, 1998, Golden Eagle",
"psg_id": "7562063"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa Youth Symphony",
"text": "became Youth Symphony Conductor in the 1972-73 season. Wheeler had been the assistant conductor of the Youth Symphony since 1970. He was also a violinist in the Tulsa Philharmonic, and Production Manager of the Philharmonic. Ron Wheeler has been conductor and executive director of the Tulsa Youth Symphony Orchestra since 1972. He was on the Oral Roberts University music faculty for fourteen years. Mr. Wheeler has designed and conducted concerts for young audiences with the Tulsa Philharmonic Chamber Orchestra and the Sunriver, Oregon Music Festival Orchestra, and presented adult educational lectures for the Tulsa Philharmonic, Tulsa Opera, Tulsa Public Library",
"psg_id": "17433203"
},
{
"title": "Medical facilities in Tulsa",
"text": "by Dr. G.H. Butler, Dr. S.D. Hawley, Dr. W.Q. Conway and Dr. R.S. Wagner. It continued until the 1930s before closing. Dr. Wade Sisler opened a now defunct Hospital for Bone and Joint Diseases in 1929 at 807 South Elgin Avenue. It later became a general hospital under the name Mercy Hospital. Flower Hospital occupied the old Morningside building at 512 North Boulder from 1925 to 1941. The hospital closed, and the building was remodeled for use by the Tulsa County Health Department. City of Faith Hospital, founded by charismatic preacher Oral Roberts, opened at 81st Street and Lewis Avenue",
"psg_id": "17106812"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball",
"text": "the nation's elite programs, winning its 13th straight Summit League Tournament crown and advancing to NCAA Regionals for the 22nd time. Four Golden Eagles were either drafted or signed contracts to play with Major League Baseball franchises. Oral Roberts has had 125 Major League Baseball Draft selections since the draft began in 1965. Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball The Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball team is the intercollegiate baseball team of Oral Roberts University. It plays in the NCAA Division I Summit League. The team won the Mid-Con and Summit League regular season and tournament titles for 15 years straight",
"psg_id": "12914299"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "Medical Center continued to lose money. Harry McNevin said that in 1988 the ORU Board of Regents \"rubber-stamped\" the \"use of millions in endowment money to buy a Beverly Hills property so that Oral Roberts could have a West Coast office and house.\" In addition, he said a country club membership was purchased for the Roberts' home. The lavish expenses led to McNevin's resignation from the Board. In 1988, Oral Roberts and his son Richard were sued for $15 million in federal court by patients at City of Faith Medical Center, claiming the two were frauds who did not visit",
"psg_id": "1931649"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "The Tulsa football team has played in 16 bowl games, including the Sugar Bowl (twice) and the Orange Bowl. Oral Roberts University's men's basketball team reached the Elite Eight in 1974 and won the Mid-Continent Conference title three straight years, from 2005 to 2007. The University of Tulsa also boasts one of the nation's top tennis facilities, the Michael D. Case Tennis Center, which was host to the 2004 and 2008 NCAA tennis championships.The Golden Hurricane Tennis program has string of success, including men's Missouri Valley championships in 1995 and 1996, men's Conference USA championships in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,",
"psg_id": "1334299"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "by the allegations, explaining, \"These kinds of things are common among family-owned and operated businesses and ministries. They don't cross every T and dot every I.\" On October 12, the plaintiffs filed an amended lawsuit adding the university's Board of Regents (Oral and Richard Roberts, along with George Pearsons, Kenneth Copeland, Creflo Dollar, Michael A. Hammer, John Hagee, Marilyn Hickey, Jerry Savelle and Charles Watson) to the suit and alleging three days after the original lawsuit was filed, Roberts fired the university's financial comptroller (who had been employed by ORU for 26 years) and \"witnesses have reported voluminous materials and",
"psg_id": "2583056"
},
{
"title": "University of Tulsa",
"text": "pioneer Germaine Greer, Booker-prize winning novelist Paul Scott, author and critic Darcy O'Brien, and the famous Russian poet and dissident intellectual Yevgeny Yevtushenko until his death in 2017. Other notable former faculty members include legal scholars Paul Finkelman and Larry Catá Backer, psychologist Brent Roberts, painter Alexandre Hogue and others. University of Tulsa The University of Tulsa (TU) is a private research university located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. The University of Tulsa is renowned for its undergraduate, graduate and professional programs across a number of disciplines, including law, literature, computer science, natural sciences, psychology, and engineering. Its faculty includes",
"psg_id": "438435"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "for quality of life, overall happiness of students, and relationship with the community. In addition to doctoral and masters programs, TU is home to the University of Tulsa College of Law and the Collins College of Business. TU also manages the famous Gilcrease Museum in northwest Tulsa and hosts the Alexandre Hogue Gallery on its main campus. Oral Roberts University, a charismatic Christian institution with an enrollment of 5,109 undergraduate and graduate students, was rated in 2007 by the Princeton Review one of the 123 best in the Western United States and among the West's top 50 Master's Universities by",
"psg_id": "1334321"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball",
"text": "Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball The Oral Roberts Golden Eagles baseball team is the intercollegiate baseball team of Oral Roberts University. It plays in the NCAA Division I Summit League. The team won the Mid-Con and Summit League regular season and tournament titles for 15 years straight between 1998 and 2012. Upon returning to the Summit League, the team repeated the feat in 2015 and 2016. In 2006, they advanced to the NCAA Super Regional. The ORU baseball team advanced to the College World Series in 1978 and has made 22 NCAA Tournament appearances overall. In addition, ORU baseball made",
"psg_id": "12914292"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "the President of the University, Dr. William Wilson, as well as special guests, including some of the world's biggest and most well-known pastors, evangelists, and spiritual leaders. Attendance at Chapel is mandatory and attendance is taken by student leadership. The campus was built beginning in 1963 with a noted futuristic look and architecture. Architect, Cecil Stanfield, of the firm Stanfield, Imel & Walton of Tulsa designed the 1963 master plan but most of the buildings were designed by Tulsa architect Frank Wallace. Interviewed in 2010, Wallace characterized his ORU buildings as \"sculptures\", noting that an inspiration for his artistic sensibility",
"psg_id": "2583077"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "this has been used for self-promotion and justification of economic materialism. Oral Roberts helped pioneer the concept of \"Seed Faith\", which associated acts of God with the results of an individual's previous investment into God's will, like a plant growing from the investment of a seed. Scriptural citations for the doctrine include Luke 6:38 \"Give, and it shall be given unto you, full measure pressed down shaken together and running over shall men give into your bosom; for what measure ye mete, it shall be measured unto you again\". Critics claim this is equivalent to believing miracles can be bought",
"psg_id": "2583088"
},
{
"title": "2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team",
"text": "Women's Basketball Tournament 2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team 2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team The 2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by 2nd year head coach Misti Cussen and played their home games at the Mabee Center. The 2013-14 season was the Golden Eagles' final season in the Southland Conference. Beginning with the 2014-15 season, the Golden Eagles will once again be competing in The Summit League after a two-year period as members of the",
"psg_id": "17644272"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "The next day, he said, he bought a Buick and God appeared, directing him to heal the sick. Roberts resigned his pastoral ministry with the Pentecostal Holiness Church to found Oral Roberts Evangelistic Association (OREA). He conducted evangelistic and faith healing crusades across the United States and around the world, claiming he could raise the dead. In November 1947, he started \"Healing Waters\", a monthly magazine as a means to promote his meetings. Thousands of sick people waited in line to stand before Oral Roberts so he could pray for them. He appeared as a guest speaker for hundreds of",
"psg_id": "1931638"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "was given a donation of $8 million by entrepreneur Mart Green, and although the lawsuit was still in process, the school submitted to an outside audit, and with a good report an additional $62 million was given by Green. Oral Roberts continued in his role as ORU chancellor, helping in the leadership of ORU along with Billy Joe Daugherty, who was named as the executive regent to assume administrative responsibilities of the Office of the President by the ORU Board of Regents. Oral Roberts continued as the ORU chancellor until his death, but in 2009, eleven months before his death,",
"psg_id": "1931651"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "handed over the leadership of ORU to its incoming president, Mark Rutland. The Oklahoma Senate adopted a resolution honoring the life of Oral Roberts, and he accepted this honor in 2009 at the age of 91, seven months before his death. The Oklahoma Association of Broadcasters (OAB) elected Roberts to the OAB Hall of Fame one month before his death. Roberts was married to Evelyn Lutman Fahnestock (1917–2005) for 66 years from December 25, 1938, until her death from a fall, on May 4, 2005, at the age of 88. Their daughter Rebecca Nash died in an airplane crash on",
"psg_id": "1931652"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts",
"text": "the most impact, but he also pioneered televangelism and laid the foundations of the prosperity gospel and abundant life teachings. The breadth and style of his ministry, including his widely publicized funding appeals, made him a consistent subject of contention among critics and supporters. Granville Oral Roberts was born on January 24, 1918, in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma, the fifth and youngest child of the Reverend Ellis Melvin Roberts (1881–1967) and Claudia Priscilla Roberts (née Irwin) (1885–1974). According to an interview on \"Larry King Live\", Roberts was of Cherokee descent. Roberts was a card-carrying member of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma.",
"psg_id": "1931634"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "university becoming free: prior to the 2007 scandal, less than 6 percent of alumni donated to the university; however, as a result of the \"Renewing the Vision\" campaign, donations from alumni rose from $763,000 in 2007 to $2.3 million in 2009. The announcement was made two days before the September 25, 2009, inauguration ceremony for Rutland held at the Mabee Center on the university campus. The first ceremony of its kind in ORU's history, it was attended and addressed by many dignitaries and guests, among them Kathy Taylor, the mayor of Tulsa, and Marilyn Hickey, former member of the ORU",
"psg_id": "2583071"
},
{
"title": "2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team",
"text": "!colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| The Summit League regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| The Summit League Women's Tournament 2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team 2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team The 2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by fourth year head coach Misti Cussen and play their home games at the Mabee Center. They were members of The Summit League. They finished the season 14–16, 10–6 in Summit League play to finish in fourth place. They advanced to",
"psg_id": "19264143"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "Sutton went to three straight NCAA tournaments from 2006 to 2008. ORU's women's basketball team has appeared in four NCAA tournaments in the past eight seasons. The ORU baseball team has played in 21 NCAA regional tournaments. ORU advanced to the College World Series in 1978. In 2006, ORU advanced to the NCAA Super Regional against Clemson. ORU baseball once won 12 consecutive conference championships and played in 12 consecutive NCAA regional tournaments (1998 to 2009). ORU has been criticized for endorsing unorthodox doctrines of faith. Critics cite Oral Roberts' connection with Word of Faith doctrine and how they believe",
"psg_id": "2583087"
},
{
"title": "2011–12 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2011–12 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2011–12 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles, led by 13th year head coach Scott Sutton, played their home games at the Mabee Center and are members of The Summit League. This was their last season as a member of The Summit League before joining the Southland Conference in 2012–13 (they rejoined the Summit League in 2014–15). They finished the season 27–7, 17–1 in Summit League play to be crowned regular season champions. They lost",
"psg_id": "16221631"
},
{
"title": "2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team",
"text": "2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team The 2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by 2nd year head coach Misti Cussen and played their home games at the Mabee Center. The 2013-14 season was the Golden Eagles' final season in the Southland Conference. Beginning with the 2014-15 season, the Golden Eagles will once again be competing in The Summit League after a two-year period as members of the Southland Conference. Source Source !colspan=9| Regular Season !colspan=9| 2014 Southland Conference",
"psg_id": "17644271"
},
{
"title": "2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by 15th year head coach Scott Sutton and played their home games at the Mabee Center. They were members of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 17–16, 10–8 in Southland play to finish in a tie for sixth place. They advanced to the quarterfinals of the Southland Conference Tournament where they lost to Sam Houston State. This was their last season as a member",
"psg_id": "17492926"
},
{
"title": "University of Tulsa",
"text": "the renowned Gilcrease Museum, which includes one of the largest and most illustrious collections of American Western art and indigenous American artifacts in the world. In 2016, Tulsa acquired The Bob Dylan Archive and is developing a museum nearby in downtown Tulsa to display pieces from this collection. TU also hosts the \"Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature\", founded by former TU professor and noted feminist critic Germaine Greer (now at University of Oxford). TU's athletic teams are collectively known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane and compete in Division I of the NCAA as members of the American Athletic Conference (The",
"psg_id": "438400"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "American tribe. For most of the 20th century, the city held the nickname \"Oil Capital of the World\" and played a major role as one of the most important hubs for the American oil industry. Historically, a robust energy sector fueled Tulsa's economy; however, today the city has diversified and leading sectors include finance, aviation, telecommunications and technology. Two institutions of higher education within the city have sports teams at the NCAA Division I level, Oral Roberts University and the University of Tulsa. It is situated on the Arkansas River between the Osage Hills and the foothills of the Ozark",
"psg_id": "1334234"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa Youth Symphony",
"text": "Tulsa Philharmonic. Since 2003, the Youth Symphony has been an independent organization, with major support from the Albert and Hete Barthelmes Foundation. All other funds are raised by students, parents and staff or through ticket sales. Rehearsal facilities have been donated by Oral Roberts University. Tulsa Youth Symphony alumni have held permanent positions in many of America's orchestras, including the Chicago Symphony, San Francisco Symphony, Metropolitan Opera Orchestra, and National Symphony, perform on Broadway, serve as educators or specialize in other facets of music. A partial list of alumns active in music includes: Over the years our graduates have attended",
"psg_id": "17433207"
},
{
"title": "University of Tulsa College of Law",
"text": "University of Tulsa College of Law The University of Tulsa College of Law is the law school of the private University of Tulsa in Tulsa, Oklahoma. for 2019, \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranked the University of Tulsa College of Law at #101 among all law schools in the United States. It is the only law school in the Tulsa Metropolitan Area and Eastern Oklahoma. The University of Tulsa College of Law was founded by local attorneys in 1923, during one of Tulsa's oil booms. The law school was originally known simply as the Tulsa Law School and was independent",
"psg_id": "7228607"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "and a white Lexus SUV for his wife Lindsay through ministry donors. Lindsay Roberts, who is referred to in ORU publicity as the university's \"first lady,\" is accused of spending tens of thousands of dollars of university funds on clothes, awarding nonacademic scholarships to the children of family friends and sending text messages, mostly sent between 1 a.m. and 3 a.m., on university-issued cell phones to people described in the lawsuit as \"underage males.\" The lawsuit also alleges a longtime maintenance employee was fired for the purpose of giving the job to an underage male friend of Lindsay Roberts. Richard",
"psg_id": "2583054"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "for his daughter's trip to the Bahamas by providing the university jet and billing other costs to the school, maintains a stable of horses on campus and at university expense for the exclusive use of his children, regularly summons university and ministry staff to the Roberts house to do his daughters’ homework, has remodeled his house at university expense 11 times in the past 14 years, allowed the university to be billed both for damage done by his daughters to university-owned golf carts and for video-taped vandalism caused by one of his minor daughters and acquired a red Mercedes convertible",
"psg_id": "2583053"
},
{
"title": "2014–15 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2014–15 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2014–15 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2014–15 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by 16th year head coach Scott Sutton and played their home games at the Mabee Center. They were members of The Summit League. They return to The Summit after only two seasons in the Southland Conference. They finished the season 19–15, 10–6 in The Summit League play to finish in third place. They advanced to the semifinals of The Summit League Tournament where they lost",
"psg_id": "18248532"
},
{
"title": "2012–13 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2012–13 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2012–13 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles, led by 14th year head coach Scott Sutton, played their home games at the Mabee Center and were first year members of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 20–15, 13–5 in Southland play to finish in third place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the Southland Tournament to Sam Houston State. They were invited to the 2013 CIT where they defeated Texas–Arlington and UC Irvine to",
"psg_id": "16765414"
},
{
"title": "2012–13 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "advance to the quarterfinals where they lost to Weber State. !colspan=9| Exhibition !colspan=9| Regular Season !colspan=9| 2013 Southland Conference Men's Basketball Tournament !colspan=9| 2013 CIT 2012–13 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2012–13 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2012–13 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles, led by 14th year head coach Scott Sutton, played their home games at the Mabee Center and were first year members of the Southland Conference. They finished the season 20–15, 13–5 in Southland play to finish in third place. They lost in",
"psg_id": "16765415"
},
{
"title": "2011–12 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "in the semifinals of The Summit League Basketball Tournament to Western Illinois. As regular season conference champions, they received an automatic bid into the 2012 National Invitation Tournament where they lost in the first round to Nevada. !colspan=9| Exhibition !colspan=9| Regular Season !colspan=9| 2012 The Summit League Men's Basketball Tournament !colspan=9| 2012 NIT 2011–12 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2011–12 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2011–12 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles, led by 13th year head coach Scott Sutton, played their home games at the",
"psg_id": "16221632"
},
{
"title": "University of Tulsa College of Law",
"text": "$201,183 (however this figure does not account for merit or need-based aid). The notable current and former faculty of TU Law include: University of Tulsa College of Law The University of Tulsa College of Law is the law school of the private University of Tulsa in Tulsa, Oklahoma. for 2019, \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranked the University of Tulsa College of Law at #101 among all law schools in the United States. It is the only law school in the Tulsa Metropolitan Area and Eastern Oklahoma. The University of Tulsa College of Law was founded by local attorneys in",
"psg_id": "7228615"
},
{
"title": "Caleb Green (basketball)",
"text": "Caleb Green (basketball) Caleb Eugene Green (born July 10, 1985) is an American professional basketball player for Sidigas Avellino of the Italian Lega Basket Serie A (LBA). Standing at , he plays at the power forward position. He played college basketball for Oral Roberts University in Tulsa. A Tulsa native who played for Memorial High School, Green was not recruited by the major in-state programs like the University of Oklahoma or the University of Tulsa, where he had hoped to play. Instead, Green attended Oral Roberts University, also in Tulsa, and played for four years. As a junior, he averaged",
"psg_id": "13780040"
},
{
"title": "2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "color:#D4AF37;\"| The Summit League Tournament 2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by 17th year head coach Scott Sutton and played their home games at the Mabee Center. They were members of The Summit League. They finished the season 14–17, 6–10 in Summit League play to finish in seventh place. They lost in the quarterfinals of The Summit League Tournament to South Dakota State. Source Source !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080;",
"psg_id": "19059107"
},
{
"title": "2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by 17th year head coach Scott Sutton and played their home games at the Mabee Center. They were members of The Summit League. They finished the season 14–17, 6–10 in Summit League play to finish in seventh place. They lost in the quarterfinals of The Summit League Tournament to South Dakota State. Source Source !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080;",
"psg_id": "19059106"
},
{
"title": "2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team",
"text": "2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team The 2015–16 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles women's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Golden Eagles were led by fourth year head coach Misti Cussen and play their home games at the Mabee Center. They were members of The Summit League. They finished the season 14–16, 10–6 in Summit League play to finish in fourth place. They advanced to the semifinals of the Summit League Women's Tournament, where they lost to South Dakota. !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Non-conference regular season",
"psg_id": "19264142"
},
{
"title": "Oral Roberts University",
"text": "rooms for special meetings. No classes meet in this building; it is strictly for the use and enjoyment of the student body. The Hamill Student Center is located between Ellis Melvin Roberts and Claudius Priscilla Roberts Halls and houses restaurants on its lower level. Zoppelt Auditorium is located on the ground level and is often used as a lecture hall for classes, forums and special events. Campus Security and the \"Fireside Room\" are also on ground level with the university cafeteria (called \"Saga\" by students) on the upper level. There are eight dormitories on campus. The university has strict guidelines",
"psg_id": "2583083"
},
{
"title": "2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team",
"text": "of the Southland as they will rejoin The Summit League in July, 2014 after leaving the league only two years previous. Source Source !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Exhibition !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Regular season !colspan=9 style=\"background:#000080; color:#D4AF37;\"| Southland Tournament All KGEB games listed are games that will air live and will also air on GEB America. Each FCS weekday home game will air on KGEB and GEB America tape delayed at 11 pm. 2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team The 2013–14 Oral Roberts Golden Eagles men's basketball team represented Oral Roberts University during the 2013–14 NCAA Division I men's basketball",
"psg_id": "17492927"
},
{
"title": "Neighborhoods of Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "the city's southern half has developed since the 1970s, containing low density housing and retail developments. This region, marked by secluded homes and suburban neighborhoods, contains one of the state's largest shopping malls, Woodland Hills Mall, as well as Southern Hills Country Club, and Oral Roberts University. East of Highway 169 and north of 61st street, a diverse racial makeup marks the eastern portions of the city, with large Asian and Mexican communities and much of the city's manufacturing industry. Areas of Tulsa west of the Arkansas River are called West Tulsa, and are marked by large parks, wilderness reserves,",
"psg_id": "8246497"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa, Oklahoma",
"text": "neighborhoods built in the early 20th century with architecture ranging from art deco to Greek Revival. The University of Tulsa, the Swan Lake neighborhood, Philbrook Museum, and the upscale shopping districts of Utica Square, Cherry Street, and Brookside are located in this region. A large portion of the city's southern half has developed since the 1970s, containing low density housing and retail developments. This region, marked by secluded homes and suburban neighborhoods, contains one of the state's largest shopping malls, Woodland Hills Mall, as well as Southern Hills Country Club, and Oral Roberts University. East of Highway 169 and north",
"psg_id": "1334255"
}
] | [
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"1960–1969",
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] |
in which english city is the burrows toy museum? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Toy museum",
"text": "organizations. such as The Doll and Toy \"Museum\" of New York City that hold toy collections but are not open for public viewing are not listed here. Toy museum Toy museums are museums for toys. They typically showcase toys from a particular culture or period. These are distinct from children's museums, which are museums for children, and are often interactive – toy museums may be aimed at children or adults, and may have interactive exhibits or be exclusively for display. The following lists only museums specializing in toys, whose collections are open for public viewing. Some museums such as the",
"psg_id": "10775005"
},
{
"title": "Nuremberg Toy Museum",
"text": "by Nuremberg artist, Michael Mathias Prechtl, was erected in front of the toy museum. The figure depicting a rooster rider is on top of a pipe rising up out of the fountain’s washed-concrete basin. The colorfully painted ceramic figure, which is surrounded by iron bars, fits well into the location in two respects: not only is its shape reminiscent of a wooden toy referring to the function of the museum, but it also recalls Nuremberg as the city of toys. The collection, which contains around 87,000 objects, of which only about five percent are visible in the museum, spans the",
"psg_id": "4634978"
},
{
"title": "Tartu Toy Museum",
"text": "in Tartu, on Lutsu Street. In 2010 the Toy Museum opened its Theatre House, which is a unique children’s theatre inspired by a museum. In addition to a theatre hall there is also a theatre puppet museum, a room from a medieval house that was uncovered during the archaeological excavations, a children’s studio for theatre-themed programs, opportunities to do handicraft, play and discover the world of theatre. The Tartu Toy Museum opened on 29 May 1994 under the auspices of the City Government of Tartu. The museum was located in the basement of a private house at the foot of",
"psg_id": "16113142"
},
{
"title": "Nuremberg Toy Museum",
"text": "time from antiquity to the present. It focuses on the development of the toy over the past two hundred years. The great majority of the toys are located in the museum depot, but can also be viewed on the museum’s website, which gives an overview of the cultural history of the toy. Nuremberg’s special role as a metropolis of toys in the industrial age becomes particularly apparent due to the local toy industry. Nuremberg Toy Museum The Nuremberg Toy Museum (also known as Lydia Bayer Museum) in Nuremberg, Bavaria, is a municipal museum, which was founded in 1971. It is",
"psg_id": "4634979"
},
{
"title": "İstanbul Toy Museum",
"text": "İstanbul Toy Museum The İstanbul Toy Museum () is a toy museum located in the Göztepe neighbourhood of Kadıköy district in İstanbul, Turkey. The museum was founded by the Turkish poet and novelist, Sunay Akın, in 2005. The museum opened on April 23, a national holiday in Turkey, National Sovereignty and Children's Day. Currently, the museum has on display 4,000 toys and miniatures from Turkey and abroad; many of the exhibits are antiques, some of which date back nearly 200 years. The first floor of the museum is the site of the Eyüp Toy Shop, a famous toy shop that",
"psg_id": "8985180"
},
{
"title": "The Toy Museum",
"text": "The Toy Museum The Toy Museum is located in the middle of the municipality of Sant Feliu de Guíxols, in the Baix Empordà region of Spain, and contains more than 6,500 pieces collected by Tomàs Pla, dated between the years 1870 and 1980, most of which were made in Spain. It opened its doors on August 2000, located in a building of the Catalan Art Nouveau. The museum reveals the evolution of toys, from tin to plastic, with over 2,200 exhibits. Monographic rooms include model trains, a street of horror and dolls. The museum aims to show how children lived",
"psg_id": "20318357"
},
{
"title": "Ilkley Toy Museum",
"text": "Ilkley Toy Museum Ilkley Toy Museum in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, houses a private collection of toys dating from 350 BC to modern times, and is open to the public, schools, and groups. At the back is a 1940s English working model fairground automaton, which goes into action when one purchases a token and puts it in the slot placed under the window. See it working here. There is also a Hornby clockwork train lift. In this gallery is a large display of furnished dolls' houses, mainly Victorian, and mainly from Germany and England. They include Stafford House (1830) (see image),",
"psg_id": "13405753"
},
{
"title": "Ilkley Toy Museum",
"text": "before World War II. The Farnell bears had a hump at the back of the neck, and a lead-weighted tilt growler sewn into the back of the body. As you tipped your bear forward, it emitted a deep growling sound. Ilkley Toy Museum Ilkley Toy Museum in Ilkley, West Yorkshire, houses a private collection of toys dating from 350 BC to modern times, and is open to the public, schools, and groups. At the back is a 1940s English working model fairground automaton, which goes into action when one purchases a token and puts it in the slot placed under",
"psg_id": "13405758"
},
{
"title": "The Toy Museum",
"text": "in the past, while bringing back old memories of childhood games. The Toy Museum The Toy Museum is located in the middle of the municipality of Sant Feliu de Guíxols, in the Baix Empordà region of Spain, and contains more than 6,500 pieces collected by Tomàs Pla, dated between the years 1870 and 1980, most of which were made in Spain. It opened its doors on August 2000, located in a building of the Catalan Art Nouveau. The museum reveals the evolution of toys, from tin to plastic, with over 2,200 exhibits. Monographic rooms include model trains, a street of",
"psg_id": "20318358"
},
{
"title": "National Farm Toy Museum",
"text": "and a collection of cowboy and Native American dolls. The museum also houses a gift shop. Ertl CEO Fred Ertl Jr.'s personal farm toy collection was auctioned off at the National Farm Toy Museum after he retired. Thanks in part to the museum, but also to the fact that three farm toy companies are located in Dyersville, the city is known as the Farm Toy Capital of the World. First started in 1978, the National Farm Show includes a tractor parade, garage sales, antique tractors, antique farm machinery, and a farm toy show that is both inside and outside. The",
"psg_id": "8030856"
},
{
"title": "Toy Museum (Melaka)",
"text": "Toy Museum (Melaka) The Toy Museum (Malay: \"Muzium Mainan\") is a private museum about toy collections in Bukit Baru, Melaka, Malaysia. It is the second toy museum opened in Malaysia after Penang Toy Museum. The museum was originally established along Jonker Walk in 2009. However, due to its less strategic location at the back of a building and high rental cost, the museum was then moved to its current location in a single-story bungalow building at Bukit Baru in October 2011. The museum displays the Hulk figure at its rooftop over the main entrance. The museum displays contemporary movie toy",
"psg_id": "18586851"
},
{
"title": "Soltau Toy Museum",
"text": "formed and has run the museum since 1 August 2005. The Ernst family has transferred its toy collection to the foundation. Soltau Toy Museum The Soltau Toy Museum (), formerly the North German Toy Museum () in Soltau originated from a private collection. It was founded in 1984 by Hannelore Ernst. The museum is located in a listed building which consists of a shop and house in the centre of Soltau. Exhibits from four centuries recall something of the history of toys and culture. In addition to dolls made of the widest variety of materials there are doll's houses, rooms,",
"psg_id": "13724352"
},
{
"title": "Saint Petersburg Toy Museum",
"text": "Saint Petersburg Toy Museum Saint Petersburg Toy Museum () is a non-state cultural establishment. The Saint-Petersburg Toy Museum is a member of the Union of Museums of Russia. It was established in 1997 as a non-state cultural establishment, subsided by private companies. It is the second museum of toys in Russia after the oldest Artistic-educational museum of that kind in Sergiev Posad near Moscow, which treats pedagogic problems mainly. The Saint-Petersburg Toy Museum was established as an artistic museum with the main task of collecting, storing, exposing and studying a toy not only as a unique item of material culture,",
"psg_id": "13630544"
},
{
"title": "Nuremberg Toy Museum",
"text": "Nuremberg Toy Museum The Nuremberg Toy Museum (also known as Lydia Bayer Museum) in Nuremberg, Bavaria, is a municipal museum, which was founded in 1971. It is considered to be one of the most well known toy museums in the world, depicting the cultural history of toys from antiquity to the present. The toy museum's building, located in Karlstraße 13–15, can be dated back to 1517 as being the property of Wilhelm Haller, senior, member of a patrician family. Jeweler, Paul Kandler bought the house in 1611 and had the front rebuilt for the first time (probably by Jakob Wolff",
"psg_id": "4634974"
},
{
"title": "Penang Toy Museum",
"text": "Penang Toy Museum Penang Toy Museum is a toy museum located at 1370, Mk 2, Teluk Bahang (Next to SJK (C) Eok Hua School), Penang, Malaysia. With more than 110,000 toys, dolls and other collectible items, it is the largest toy museum in the world. The 1,000 square meters museum, opened in 2005, was also recognised by the Malaysian Book of Records as the first toy museum in the country. The museum is visited by an estimated 100,000 visitors each year. Operating Hours: 9am to 6pm daily Contact: 012-4602096 The museum was founded by an engineer, Mr. Loh Lean Cheng.",
"psg_id": "15879140"
},
{
"title": "Penang Toy Museum",
"text": "Penang Toy Museum Penang Toy Museum is a toy museum located at 1370, Mk 2, Teluk Bahang (Next to SJK (C) Eok Hua School), Penang, Malaysia. With more than 110,000 toys, dolls and other collectible items, it is the largest toy museum in the world. The 1,000 square meters museum, opened in 2005, was also recognised by the Malaysian Book of Records as the first toy museum in the country. The museum is visited by an estimated 100,000 visitors each year. Operating Hours: 9am to 6pm daily Contact: 012-4602096 The museum was founded by an engineer, Mr. Loh Lean Cheng.",
"psg_id": "15879137"
},
{
"title": "National Farm Toy Museum",
"text": "first show had 35 vendors and over 1,500 people shopping. The museum also hosts the Midwest Toy Truck Show, which is smaller than the national show. The author Ernest W. Baker went to the farm where the film Field of Dreams was filmed, but his main purpose was to visit the farm toy museum and Lonely Planet describes the museum as \"quirky\". National Farm Toy Museum The National Farm Toy Museum is a museum located in Dyersville, Iowa, that specializes in preserving and displaying scale models, replicas, and toys based on farm equipment. The initial idea of the museum came",
"psg_id": "8030857"
},
{
"title": "Pollock's Toy Museum",
"text": "Pollock's Toy Museum Pollock's Toy Museum is a small museum in London, England. The museum was started in 1956 in a single attic room at 44 Monmouth Street, near Covent Garden, above Benjamin Pollock's Toy Shop, where Pollock's Toy Theatres were also sold. As the enterprise flourished, other rooms were taken over for the museum and the ground floor became a toyshop. By 1969 the collection had outgrown the Monmouth Street premises and Pollock's Toy Museum moved to 1 Scala Street, with a museum shop on the ground floor to contribute to its support. The museum continues today to be",
"psg_id": "8409671"
},
{
"title": "İzmir Toy Museum",
"text": "İzmir Toy Museum İzmir Toy Museum (also called “Ümran Baradan Toy Museum”) is a museum of toys in İzmir , Turkey. The museum is situated near Varyant street on Halil Rifat Paşa mah 31, Konak The museum was established by ceramic artist, Ümran Baradan. In 2005, she donated a two-storey house and toys she had purchased in various countries. Later, Sunay Akın, who had previously founded İstanbul Toy Museum, contributed various items to the museum. The museum is now run by the municipality of Konak (an intracity district of İzmir.) The ground floor contains objects donated by Ümran Baradan. The",
"psg_id": "18134706"
},
{
"title": "Pollock's Toy Museum",
"text": "run by the grandson of the founder Marguerite Fawdry. Pollock's Toy Museum Pollock's Toy Museum is a small museum in London, England. The museum was started in 1956 in a single attic room at 44 Monmouth Street, near Covent Garden, above Benjamin Pollock's Toy Shop, where Pollock's Toy Theatres were also sold. As the enterprise flourished, other rooms were taken over for the museum and the ground floor became a toyshop. By 1969 the collection had outgrown the Monmouth Street premises and Pollock's Toy Museum moved to 1 Scala Street, with a museum shop on the ground floor to contribute",
"psg_id": "8409672"
},
{
"title": "Toy Museum (Brussels)",
"text": "1000 Brussels. Toy Museum (Brussels) The Toy Museum (French:\"Musée du jouet\") is a museum of toys and games in Brussels, Belgium. The museum opened on 14 November 1990. The core collection was amassed by a family of amateur toy enthusiasts and has grown through donations by the public as well as purchases. The museum is housed in a former grand mansion with of exhibition space on three floors. The museum is home to over 25,000 historic toys and games, mostly from the 1950s to 1980s with oldest dating back to 1830. The Toy Museum is located at 1000 Rue de",
"psg_id": "19541019"
},
{
"title": "Toy Museum (Brussels)",
"text": "Toy Museum (Brussels) The Toy Museum (French:\"Musée du jouet\") is a museum of toys and games in Brussels, Belgium. The museum opened on 14 November 1990. The core collection was amassed by a family of amateur toy enthusiasts and has grown through donations by the public as well as purchases. The museum is housed in a former grand mansion with of exhibition space on three floors. The museum is home to over 25,000 historic toys and games, mostly from the 1950s to 1980s with oldest dating back to 1830. The Toy Museum is located at 1000 Rue de l'Association, 24",
"psg_id": "19541018"
},
{
"title": "İzmir Toy Museum",
"text": "first floor is reserved for Sunay Akın's donations. In addition to classical Turkish toys, such as Karagöz and Hacivat, toys from many countries are displayed. Some examples are: İzmir Toy Museum İzmir Toy Museum (also called “Ümran Baradan Toy Museum”) is a museum of toys in İzmir , Turkey. The museum is situated near Varyant street on Halil Rifat Paşa mah 31, Konak The museum was established by ceramic artist, Ümran Baradan. In 2005, she donated a two-storey house and toys she had purchased in various countries. Later, Sunay Akın, who had previously founded İstanbul Toy Museum, contributed various items",
"psg_id": "18134707"
},
{
"title": "Soltau Toy Museum",
"text": "Soltau Toy Museum The Soltau Toy Museum (), formerly the North German Toy Museum () in Soltau originated from a private collection. It was founded in 1984 by Hannelore Ernst. The museum is located in a listed building which consists of a shop and house in the centre of Soltau. Exhibits from four centuries recall something of the history of toys and culture. In addition to dolls made of the widest variety of materials there are doll's houses, rooms, kitchens and shops as well as model railways, and lead and wooden toys, Laterna Magica devices and a host of teddy",
"psg_id": "13724350"
},
{
"title": "Toy museum",
"text": "Toy museum Toy museums are museums for toys. They typically showcase toys from a particular culture or period. These are distinct from children's museums, which are museums for children, and are often interactive – toy museums may be aimed at children or adults, and may have interactive exhibits or be exclusively for display. The following lists only museums specializing in toys, whose collections are open for public viewing. Some museums such as the American Museum of Natural History have toys on display in their permanent collection, but are not full-fledged toy museums and as such are not listed here. Also,",
"psg_id": "10775004"
},
{
"title": "Toy Museum of NY",
"text": "branches. The museum's collection pays homage to the history of toys. Established by Marlene Hochman, the museum is a traveling museum with performances, workshops and webinars. In addition to rare dolls, the museum has a collection of classics like Mr. Potato Head, the original Frisbee pie pan, G.I. Joe and, the Easy-Bake Oven. Toy Museum of NY The Toy Museum of NY is a theatrical and performance based museum which uses the museum's collection for its performances and to tell the story of societal change. It was founded in 1999 as The Doll and Toy Museum of NYC and given",
"psg_id": "18245753"
},
{
"title": "Tartu Toy Museum",
"text": "mascot of Tartu Toy Museum is Teddy Flower-paw, who was sewn in 1994 by Kai Maser. The name of the teddy in the national folk costume skirt comes from the flower-patterned cloth that was used to sew its paws. Teddy Flower-paw has done a very good job in representing the museum: there are books written about her, postcards drawn, she has appeared on television and at events. Tartu Toy Museum Tartu Toy Museum (Tartu Mänguasjamuuseum) is the biggest toy museum in the Baltic States, located in Tartu, Estonia. It displays over 5000 toys from its vast collection and has several",
"psg_id": "16113145"
},
{
"title": "İstanbul Toy Museum",
"text": "closed down in the 1950s. In 2012, the museum was nominated and shortlisted for the annual European Museum Academy Children’s Museum Award. The museum is open weekdays (except Mondays), 9:30-18:00, and weekends, 9:30-19:00. It is located at Ömerpaşa Caddesi, Dr. Zeki Zeren Sokak 17, Göztepe-Kadıköy, Istanbul. İstanbul Toy Museum The İstanbul Toy Museum () is a toy museum located in the Göztepe neighbourhood of Kadıköy district in İstanbul, Turkey. The museum was founded by the Turkish poet and novelist, Sunay Akın, in 2005. The museum opened on April 23, a national holiday in Turkey, National Sovereignty and Children's Day. Currently,",
"psg_id": "8985181"
},
{
"title": "Tartu Toy Museum",
"text": "Toome Hill and in a smaller adjoining building at the address 1 Lai St. The founders of the museum were , and Tiia Toomet, the latter became also the first director of the toy museum. Since 2007 the director of the toy museum has been Triin Vaaro. In late 2003, the Tartu Toy Museum moved to its new location, an old wooden building on Lutsu Street, which had been specially renovated to house the museum. On 13 March 2004 a new permanent exhibit was opened, including a playroom and crafts room. On 2 December 2005, the house of theatre and",
"psg_id": "16113143"
},
{
"title": "Tartu Toy Museum",
"text": "Tartu Toy Museum Tartu Toy Museum (Tartu Mänguasjamuuseum) is the biggest toy museum in the Baltic States, located in Tartu, Estonia. It displays over 5000 toys from its vast collection and has several interactive toys for the visitors to try out, as well as a playroom for children. In 2005 the film puppets exhibition was opened in the courtyard house, exhibiting film puppets made in Estonia over the last 50 years, props and sketches of animated movies. Tartu Toy Museum was founded in 1994 and since 2004 is located in one of the oldest wooden buildings (dating from the 1770s)",
"psg_id": "16113141"
},
{
"title": "Ore Mountain Toy Museum, Seiffen",
"text": "then State Toy School took over the design and displays of the Seiffen Toy Show (\"Spielzeug-Werbeschau Seiffen\") opened in 1936. On 5 July 1953, the house was opened again as the Local History and Toy Museum (\"Heimat- und Spielzeugmuseum\") and finally renamed into the Ore Mountain Toy Museum, Seiffen (\"Erzgebirgisches Spielzeugmuseum Seiffen\"). The first visitor to the museum was Rudolf Mauersberger, whose Dresdner Kreuzchor choir had sung that evening in the Seiffen Pinge (a depression caused by mining subsidence in which there is today an open-air theatre). In 1999 the toy museum underwent extensive rebuilding and extension. Today, on three",
"psg_id": "15324235"
},
{
"title": "Penang Toy Museum",
"text": "He got his inspiration while visiting the London Toy and Model Museum. The first toy that he bought back in 1973 was a Popeye doll. The museum features more than 110,000 toys and figures. There are another 30,000 toys that are kept in storage as the museum is not big enough to accommodate all of the toys. Some of the toys displayed in the museum were obtained direct from Hollywood. The museum features a notable 1.8m-tall Japanese Gundam robot, which cost RM9000. Other life size figures include Batman, Indiana Jones, Iron Man, Jack Sparrow, King Kong, Kung Fu Panda, Lara",
"psg_id": "15879138"
},
{
"title": "Toy Town Museum",
"text": "Toy Town Museum The Toy Town Museum is located on the Fisher-Price campus in East Aurora, New York. It was conceived by a group of local citizens in East Aurora and Western New York to help celebrate the toy making heritage in the area. There have been over 100 toy companies throughout Western New York over the past 100 years and the museum's exhibitions attempt to educate and entertain visitors. As of May 2009, the museum is no longer open to the public or located on the Fisher-Price campus, but is seeking a new location. The Fisher-Price Archive Collection -",
"psg_id": "11904946"
},
{
"title": "Brighton Toy and Model Museum",
"text": "Sky Atlantic series \"Urban Secrets\" (2012), in which Alan Cumming presented an unconventional view of Brighton. Brighton Toy and Model Museum Brighton Toy and Model Museum (sometimes referred to as Brighton Toy Museum) is an independent toy museum situated in Brighton, East Sussex (registered charity no. 1001560). Its collection focuses on toys and models produced in the UK and Europe up until the mid-Twentieth Century, and occupies four thousand square feet of floor space within four of the early Victorian arches supporting the forecourt of Brighton railway station. Founded in 1991, the museum holds over ten thousand toys and models,",
"psg_id": "11205851"
},
{
"title": "Toy Museum of NY",
"text": "Toy Museum of NY The Toy Museum of NY is a theatrical and performance based museum which uses the museum's collection for its performances and to tell the story of societal change. It was founded in 1999 as The Doll and Toy Museum of NYC and given its current name in 2009. Later that samed year it moved from its original location in Cobble Hill to its permanent location on the second floor of Brooklyn Heights' St. Ann & the Holy Trinity Church. Among the locations for the museum's traveling locations are the Brooklyn Heights and Bay Ridge public library",
"psg_id": "18245752"
},
{
"title": "Nuremberg Toy Museum",
"text": "The exhibits area was expanded to in 1989 and to , due to roof constructions, in 1998. The Toy Museum and the German Games Archive in Nuremberg are part of the network Nuremberg Municipal Museums founded in 1994. Other places that are part of the network are the Dürer-Haus, the City Museum Fembohaus, the Tucher Mansion, the Museum for Industrial Culture, the Documentation Centre Nazi Party Rally Grounds and the Memorium Nuremberg Trials. On the occasion of the inauguration of the museum in 1971, which incidentally marked the three hundred-year anniversary of Dürer’s death, the \"Gockelreiterbrunnen\" (Rooster Rider Fountain), designed",
"psg_id": "4634977"
},
{
"title": "National Toy Train Museum",
"text": "toy trains. Founded in 1977, part of the museum's ongoing appeal is that it brings children and adults together. The museum features Six working train layouts and a Toy Train Reference Library with reference and archival materials serving model railroaders. The nearby Choo Choo Barn \"features a more than 1,700-square-foot model train layout with 22 operating model trains and more than 150 animations\". In August 2012, the National Toy Train Museum was one of twenty locations invited to participate in an international virtual celebration of Swiss contributions to railroad technology. The Skype talks, in which engineers, historians, museum curators and",
"psg_id": "16922761"
},
{
"title": "National Farm Toy Museum",
"text": "National Farm Toy Museum The National Farm Toy Museum is a museum located in Dyersville, Iowa, that specializes in preserving and displaying scale models, replicas, and toys based on farm equipment. The initial idea of the museum came from the founders of the Ertl Company, Dave Bell and Claire Scheibe. The National Farm Museum was founded in 1986; the founding of the museum arose from a discussion between Dave Bell and Claire Scheibe about needing a bigger space for the coming National Farm Toy Shows. The museum has over 30,000 guests each year and about 30,000 farm toys; it is",
"psg_id": "8030854"
},
{
"title": "Phil Burrows",
"text": "Phil Burrows Philip Arthur Burrows (born 8 April 1946) is an English former footballer who played as a defender. Born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, Burrows began his career as a junior with Manchester City, turning professional in July 1964. He failed to make the first team with City and joined York City in June 1966. He was an ever-present in the York side for his first four seasons with the club and went on to make nearly 400 first team appearances as City rose from the Fourth to the Second flight of English football. In 1974 Burrows was the first",
"psg_id": "9992921"
},
{
"title": "Nuremberg Toy Museum",
"text": "12,000 toys, which have been collected over decades by Lydia (1897–1961) and Paul Bayer (1896–1982). The Bayers had begun to put together a comprehensive collection of toys by the early 1920s although toys had not yet been recognized as having historico-cultural value. The private Lydia Bayer Museum, located in Neubaustraße in Würzburg, was open to the public. The city of Nuremberg took over the Bayers' stocks in 1966. Thanks to the support of the aid association, the Hallersches Haus in Karlstraße was ready to open in 1971. The toy museum has turned into an extraordinarily successful museum with international recognition.",
"psg_id": "4634976"
},
{
"title": "Ore Mountain Toy Museum, Seiffen",
"text": "storeys, there are around 5,000 exhibits as well as a great deal of background information. Ore Mountain Toy Museum, Seiffen The Ore Mountain Toy Museum in Seiffen () is an internationally known museum of Ore Mountain toys and Ore Mountain folk art. It was opened in 1953 in Seiffen. In 1973 it was joined by the Ore Mountains Open-Air Museum (\"Erzgebirgische Freilichtmuseum\"), a folk art and local historic museum with 14 houses typical of the Ore Mountains before 1900 on the edge of the toy village. The history of the toy museum began with the Seiffen Wooden Toy and Merchandise",
"psg_id": "15324236"
},
{
"title": "Ore Mountain Toy Museum, Seiffen",
"text": "Ore Mountain Toy Museum, Seiffen The Ore Mountain Toy Museum in Seiffen () is an internationally known museum of Ore Mountain toys and Ore Mountain folk art. It was opened in 1953 in Seiffen. In 1973 it was joined by the Ore Mountains Open-Air Museum (\"Erzgebirgische Freilichtmuseum\"), a folk art and local historic museum with 14 houses typical of the Ore Mountains before 1900 on the edge of the toy village. The history of the toy museum began with the Seiffen Wooden Toy and Merchandise Exhibition (\"Holzspielwaren- und Holzwaren-Ausstellung Seiffen\") that took place from 9 July to 3 August 1914",
"psg_id": "15324230"
},
{
"title": "National Farm Toy Museum",
"text": "also the center of the National Farm Toy Show. The National Farm Toy Museum includes one of the largest collections of cast iron farm toys. The museum is a part of yearly toy shows in June and November. The first floor of the museum has a 10-minute short film for guests to watch, about toy production in Dyersville and farm toy aficionados talking about their collections. The floor also includes a play area, dioramas of farm homesteads, and small exhibits that detail how toys are produced. The second floor has many farm toys stored in cases, truck toys in cases,",
"psg_id": "8030855"
},
{
"title": "National Toy Train Museum",
"text": "National Toy Train Museum The National Toy Train Museum (NTTM), at 300 Paradise Lane, in Strasburg, Pennsylvania, USA, is focused on creating an interactive display of toy trains. Its collection dates from the early 1800s through current production. The building houses the Toy Train Reference Library and the National Business Office of the Train Collectors Association. It is located just around the corner from the Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania. The NTTM is owned and operated by the Train Collectors Association (TCA) and serves as its headquarters. The museum's mission is to promote train collecting and to preserve the heritage of",
"psg_id": "16922760"
},
{
"title": "National Toy Train Museum",
"text": "other experts presented Swiss trains and other Swiss train technologies and answered questions from the public, were accessible by computer and at the participating locations. The museum is open on a seasonal basis with an admission fee charged. TCA members are admitted free. It is closed from January through March. National Toy Train Museum The National Toy Train Museum (NTTM), at 300 Paradise Lane, in Strasburg, Pennsylvania, USA, is focused on creating an interactive display of toy trains. Its collection dates from the early 1800s through current production. The building houses the Toy Train Reference Library and the National Business",
"psg_id": "16922762"
},
{
"title": "Saint Petersburg Toy Museum",
"text": "being permanently increased. The possession of these three funds makes it possible to study and exhibit a toy more completely and multilaterally. Having united artists, art critics and pedagogues around it, the Saint-Petersburg Museum takes part in working out interesting exhibition programs and artistic festivals, orientated on a broad age diapason of participators and visitors. Not being orientated only on children’s audience, it, therefore, proposes close cooperation with different institutions in common working out of complex pedagogic programs and participation in its provision. Saint Petersburg Toy Museum Saint Petersburg Toy Museum () is a non-state cultural establishment. The Saint-Petersburg Toy",
"psg_id": "13630547"
},
{
"title": "Saint Petersburg Toy Museum",
"text": "but also as a unique art form, that includes ancient national traditions and the most recent artistic tendencies. It was the insight to a toy as to the synthetic art form, existing in complex connection between the aesthetic and playing functions, and possessing the richest palette of artistic means, that predetermined the allocation of the collection of author’s artistic toy (partly represented in the “Petersburg Toy” album) as being the main museum fund. It is this very collection that predetermines the specificity and uniqueness of the Saint-Petersburg Museum. According to art critic’s of the museum opinion, author’s toy (strictly speaking,",
"psg_id": "13630545"
},
{
"title": "Brighton Toy and Model Museum",
"text": "Brighton Toy and Model Museum Brighton Toy and Model Museum (sometimes referred to as Brighton Toy Museum) is an independent toy museum situated in Brighton, East Sussex (registered charity no. 1001560). Its collection focuses on toys and models produced in the UK and Europe up until the mid-Twentieth Century, and occupies four thousand square feet of floor space within four of the early Victorian arches supporting the forecourt of Brighton railway station. Founded in 1991, the museum holds over ten thousand toys and models, including model train collections, puppets, Corgi, Dinky, Budgie Toys,construction toys and radio-controlled aircraft. The display area",
"psg_id": "11205838"
},
{
"title": "English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)",
"text": "English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) The English Toy Terrier - Black and Tan is a small breed of terrier in the toy dog group. According to the Kennel Club, the English Toy Terrier should be in height and in weight. The only permitted color is black with defined tan markings on the legs, chest and face. The movement is described as being like the extended trot of a horse. The English Toy Terrier has beautiful, almond-shaped eyes, and 'candle-flame' ears. Most English toy terriers are lovable, friendly, intelligent, very loud and love to bark. They enjoy exercise, but they",
"psg_id": "3251757"
},
{
"title": "Toy Town Museum",
"text": "of one of the most popular building toys of all time. A Pez Collection - The popularity of the candy was surpassed by its packaging as shown through this collection of Pez dispensers. Our Junior Collector Case - A testament that anyone one can be a collector and highlighting our young collectors of today. Toy Town Museum The Toy Town Museum is located on the Fisher-Price campus in East Aurora, New York. It was conceived by a group of local citizens in East Aurora and Western New York to help celebrate the toy making heritage in the area. There have",
"psg_id": "11904948"
},
{
"title": "Edwin G. Burrows",
"text": "York City was one of the college's most popular offerings. He resided in Northport, New York on Long Island. Burrows died at the age of 74 in May 2018. Edwin G. Burrows Edwin G. \"Ted\" Burrows (May 15, 1943 – May 4, 2018) was a Distinguished Professor of History at Brooklyn College. He is the co-author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"\" (1998), and author of \"Forgotten Patriots: The Untold Story of American Prisoners During the Revolutionary War,\" (2008), which won the 2009 Fraunces Tavern Museum Book Award. Burrows received his B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1964, and his",
"psg_id": "4282467"
},
{
"title": "Phil Burrows",
"text": "side Mossley in October 1981. Phil's father and grandfather, both named Arthur, were also part-time professional footballers. His father featured in the longest game ever in 1946 (Stockport v Doncaster) and his grandfather was in the Stockport squad for the 1921 Stockport v Leicester game which attracted just 13 spectators. Phil Burrows Philip Arthur Burrows (born 8 April 1946) is an English former footballer who played as a defender. Born in Stockport, Greater Manchester, Burrows began his career as a junior with Manchester City, turning professional in July 1964. He failed to make the first team with City and joined",
"psg_id": "9992923"
},
{
"title": "Crymlyn Burrows",
"text": "Crymlyn Burrows Crymlyn Burrows is an area of land in Wales, UK to the east of Swansea city centre, and south of Crymlyn Bog. It is bounded by Jersey Marine Beach to the south and the River Neath to the east. The land west of Baldwin's Crescent falls within the City and County of Swansea and from Baldwin's Crescent eastwards falls within Neath Port Talbot. The area northwest of the Fabian Way contains a small settlement at Elba Crescent and Baldwins Crescent, and areas of industry and commerce. The 1940s Swansea Bay Museum is located on Elba Crescent. The museum",
"psg_id": "9363679"
},
{
"title": "Toy Museum (Melaka)",
"text": "figures and old vintage toys. Over 10,000 objects are included from franchises such as Star Wars, Pirates of the Caribbean, The Lord of the Rings, Batman, X-Men, Spider-Man, Iron Man, Bruce Lee, Looney Tunes, The Smurfs, Godzilla, Ultraman, Hamtaro, Pokémon, and Doraemon. While some of the toys were purchased directly from local stores in Melaka and Kuala Lumpur, others were bought online or donated by visitors. The museum opens everyday except Monday from 11.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. on Saturdays and 2.00 p.m. to 6 p.m. on the other days. Toy Museum (Melaka) The Toy Museum (Malay: \"Muzium Mainan\") is",
"psg_id": "18586852"
},
{
"title": "Historic Toy Museum, Freinsheim",
"text": "and the museum café. Historic Toy Museum, Freinsheim The Historic Toy Museum in Freinsheim (\"Historisches Spielzeugmuseum Freinsheim\") in Germany is a private collection of old toys. The exhibits date from the time of the Industrial Revolution around 1890 to the Second World War. Most of them are products by the firm of Bing in Nuremberg (\"Bing Werke Nürnberg\"). The museum curator is Marion Groll. The collection by Uwe Groll was the basis for the private museum opened on 2 April 2011. This collection originally concentrated on model railways and accessories of 0 Gauge from the House of Bing. Over the",
"psg_id": "18004951"
},
{
"title": "The Toy Shop",
"text": "The Toy Shop The Toy Shop is an exhibit building at Shelburne Museum, which is located in Shelburne, Vermont. Toy Shop houses 19th- and early 20th-century playthings, including miniature transportation toys, penny banks, and music boxes. The Shelburne Museum built the Toy Shop in the early 1950s as an extension to Variety Unit. Built in 1835, Variety Unit, the only structure original to the Museum grounds, is an example of “continuous” architecture common to New England farmhouses. As more space was needed, farmers added new wings to their house. Farmers would merge farm and household buildings in one continuous structure",
"psg_id": "13452530"
},
{
"title": "Saint Petersburg Toy Museum",
"text": "playing objects) born in the workshops of artist, working in different techniques: draughtsman, painters, sculptors, designers, architects etc. was formed only in the last 20 – 25 years, being rather original field of present-day culture, but not yet the sphere of interests of artistic museums or toy museums. We don’t possess data about the existence of any significant collections of that kind in Europe. However the author’s artistic toy fund is not the only direction of activity of the Saint-Petersburg Museum. Besides it the museum has collections of folk toys (both the Russian and foreign) and fabric toys, which are",
"psg_id": "13630546"
},
{
"title": "National Transport and Toy Museum, Wanaka",
"text": "name of \"National Transport and Toy Museum\". National Transport and Toy Museum, Wanaka The National Transport and Toy Museum in Wanaka, New Zealand is one of the largest private collections in the Southern Hemisphere and displays a large collection of items including over 650 vehicles, 15 aircraft and 60,000 toys plus 1000's of miscellaneous items. Owned and operated by one family, the museum is located adjacent to the Wanaka Airport on . The main building houses part of the toy collection, notably a very large collection of Star Wars toys and memorabilia, a display of Barbie dolls through the decades,",
"psg_id": "17956896"
},
{
"title": "Historic Toy Museum, Freinsheim",
"text": "Historic Toy Museum, Freinsheim The Historic Toy Museum in Freinsheim (\"Historisches Spielzeugmuseum Freinsheim\") in Germany is a private collection of old toys. The exhibits date from the time of the Industrial Revolution around 1890 to the Second World War. Most of them are products by the firm of Bing in Nuremberg (\"Bing Werke Nürnberg\"). The museum curator is Marion Groll. The collection by Uwe Groll was the basis for the private museum opened on 2 April 2011. This collection originally concentrated on model railways and accessories of 0 Gauge from the House of Bing. Over the course of years Groll",
"psg_id": "18004949"
},
{
"title": "The Toy Train Depot",
"text": "The Toy Train Depot The Toy Train Depot is a toy store and railway museums, featuring scale models of train locomotives and passenger and freight cars, in Alamogordo, New Mexico. The Toy Train Depot is also home to America's Park Ride Train Museum, which runs the Alamogordo/Alameda Park Narrow Gauge Railway, a working, gauge miniature railway that visitors can ride for a nominal fee. The store and museum are non-profit, and are run by the Toy Train Depot Foundation. In January 2007 the Alamogordo McDonald's donated their Ronald's Railroad, full-sized, standard-gauge caboose to the museum. The caboose is now in",
"psg_id": "8140336"
},
{
"title": "Super City (toy)",
"text": "Super City (toy) The Super City toy is a construction set produced by Ideal Toys in 1967. It is similar to Lego, small plastic pieces which are assembled to create complex structures. However Super City is more oriented to buildings and allows more sophisticated constructions. Children could build skyscrapers, research laboratories and pharmaceutical factories. Super City is made of plastic frames which connect at the edges with grooves and studs into which fit a variety of wall panels. Frames can be connected at right angles by grooved and flanged columns. Frames are primarily square with some rectangles (half squares) and",
"psg_id": "5934538"
},
{
"title": "Tartu Toy Museum",
"text": "animation puppets was opened in the former coach house in the yard of the museum. The characters and props of animation films made in Estonia during the last 50 years and sketches of cartoons that were previously exhibited in Toy Museum’s Film Puppets Gallery (Ülikooli St. 1) are now seen in this courtyard house. Until 2010 there was also an exposition of theatre puppets from Estonia and elsewhere in the courtyard house. In 2010 the Toy Museum opened Theatre House for children and family plays, with a Children’s Studio for different activities and a small museum of theatre puppets. The",
"psg_id": "16113144"
},
{
"title": "English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)",
"text": "varieties; Standard and Toy. The ETT is on the UK Kennel Club's list of vulnerable native breeds and great effort is being made to boost the popularity of the breed and develop a viable gene pool. The Kennel Club (UK) has opened the stud book, allowing the North American Toy Manchester Terrier to be re-registered as English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan) provided it is certified to be a Toy and not of the Standard variety. Some owners in Great Britain are against this decision; others see it as a positive way to preserve the breed. English Toy Terrier (Black",
"psg_id": "3251761"
},
{
"title": "Harry Burrows",
"text": "charity matches. Burrows lived for a number of years in the Staffordshire village of Abbots Bromley where he is still the president of the local football club, the Abbots Bromley Stags. Source: Harry Burrows Henry \"Harry\" Burrows (born 17 March 1941) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Aston Villa, Plymouth Argyle and Stoke City. Burrows was born in Haydock and attracted the attentions of First Division clubs, Burnley, Liverpool, and Aston Villa whilst playing for Wigan Boys. He turned them all down including an offer from Stan Cullis at Wolverhampton Wanderers instead turning",
"psg_id": "10812116"
},
{
"title": "Toy (English band)",
"text": "by a tour in support in November through to December. The band left Heavenly Records in 2018. The band's sound has been described as a combination of psychedelic rock, krautrock, shoegaze and post-punk. Toy (English band) Toy (stylised as TOY) are an English indie rock band from Brighton, East Sussex. They have released three albums, an EP and a number of singles. In 2015, the band collaborated with Natasha Khan on the Sexwitch project. The band was formed in 2010 in Brighton by school-friends and former Joe Lean & The Jing Jang Jong band members, singer/guitarist Tom Dougall (younger brother",
"psg_id": "16220189"
},
{
"title": "Toy (English band)",
"text": "Toy (English band) Toy (stylised as TOY) are an English indie rock band from Brighton, East Sussex. They have released three albums, an EP and a number of singles. In 2015, the band collaborated with Natasha Khan on the Sexwitch project. The band was formed in 2010 in Brighton by school-friends and former Joe Lean & The Jing Jang Jong band members, singer/guitarist Tom Dougall (younger brother of Rose Elinor Dougall, formerly of The Pipettes), guitarist Dominic O'Dair and bassist Maxim \"Panda\" Barron along with Gloucester born drummer Charlie Salvidge and Spanish keyboard player Alejandra Diez. Salvidge had previously presented",
"psg_id": "16220183"
},
{
"title": "David Burrows (footballer)",
"text": "being thrown out of the club. In March 2002, Sheffield Wednesday signed Burrows on a free transfer and yet again he made a quick début, this time the following day, in a 0–0 league draw against Gillingham at Hillsborough. Injuries once again dogged Burrows as he injured both his collarbone and hamstring whilst at Sheffield Wednesday, forcing him to quit the professional game in May 2003. David Burrows (footballer) David Burrows (born Dudley, 25 October 1968) is an English former footballer. During his career he played for West Bromwich Albion, Liverpool, West Ham United, Everton, Coventry City, Birmingham City and",
"psg_id": "4185663"
},
{
"title": "National Transport and Toy Museum, Wanaka",
"text": "National Transport and Toy Museum, Wanaka The National Transport and Toy Museum in Wanaka, New Zealand is one of the largest private collections in the Southern Hemisphere and displays a large collection of items including over 650 vehicles, 15 aircraft and 60,000 toys plus 1000's of miscellaneous items. Owned and operated by one family, the museum is located adjacent to the Wanaka Airport on . The main building houses part of the toy collection, notably a very large collection of Star Wars toys and memorabilia, a display of Barbie dolls through the decades, classic wooden and metal toys, as well",
"psg_id": "17956893"
},
{
"title": "Harry Burrows",
"text": "Harry Burrows Henry \"Harry\" Burrows (born 17 March 1941) is an English former professional footballer who played in the Football League for Aston Villa, Plymouth Argyle and Stoke City. Burrows was born in Haydock and attracted the attentions of First Division clubs, Burnley, Liverpool, and Aston Villa whilst playing for Wigan Boys. He turned them all down including an offer from Stan Cullis at Wolverhampton Wanderers instead turning his attentions on becoming an apprentice with the National Coal Board (NCB). Villa manager Joe Mercer persuaded Burrows to sign part-time in March 1958 and he made his debut in 1959–60 as",
"psg_id": "10812112"
},
{
"title": "The Toy Shop",
"text": "produced. While those who could not afford store-bought toys often created homemade toys, even the affluent sometimes chose to carve a miniature cradle or a hobby horse, or to stitch a doll dress or a puppet as a special gift. Children also enjoy making toys and the nineteenth century saw an emergence of pattern books and instructional magazines for their use. The Toy Shop The Toy Shop is an exhibit building at Shelburne Museum, which is located in Shelburne, Vermont. Toy Shop houses 19th- and early 20th-century playthings, including miniature transportation toys, penny banks, and music boxes. The Shelburne Museum",
"psg_id": "13452534"
},
{
"title": "David Burrows (footballer)",
"text": "David Burrows (footballer) David Burrows (born Dudley, 25 October 1968) is an English former footballer. During his career he played for West Bromwich Albion, Liverpool, West Ham United, Everton, Coventry City, Birmingham City and Sheffield Wednesday as well as the England Under-21 and B teams. As a Liverpool player he won the Football League, the FA Cup and twice won the Charity Shield. Burrows completed an apprenticeship at West Bromwich Albion and signed professional forms with the club as a 17-year-old in 1985, after a period in the Tipton Town youth team. He spent three years at The Hawthorns, playing",
"psg_id": "4185655"
},
{
"title": "Super City (toy)",
"text": "but card roofs are supplied for more domestic buildings. However Super City proved too complicated for young children, and it was almost impossible for small fingers to work with. It was progressively removed from market from 1968. Douglas Coupland said about Super City: \"anything made from Super City looked like a Craig Ellwood, or a Neutra or a Wallace K. Harrison\". He also stated that Super City was \"the best building kit ever made, possibly even better than Lego\". Super City (toy) The Super City toy is a construction set produced by Ideal Toys in 1967. It is similar to",
"psg_id": "5934540"
},
{
"title": "David Burrows (footballer)",
"text": "Burrows joined Everton in September 1994, but his time at Goodison Park was short lived. He spent just six months at Everton, playing 23 times, before he was on the move again, this time to Coventry City, in March 1995. Burrows featured in the early stages of Everton's glorious 1994–95 FA Cup campaign before leaving, starting the third and fourth round ties against Derby County and Bristol City respectively. Burrows joined Ron Atkinson's Coventry side in March 1995 for a fee of £1.1 million. Atkinson said at the time he knew of \"no better English left-back\". \"If he plays to",
"psg_id": "4185660"
},
{
"title": "Tony Burrows",
"text": "with Elton John, Cliff Richard, and James Last. In 2011, Burrows was awarded with BASCA Gold Badge Award in recognition to his contribution to music. Tony Burrows Anthony \"Tony\" Burrows (born 14 April 1942) is an English session pop singer and recording artist. Burrows was born in Exeter, Devon. In the early 1960s, he was a member of The Kestrels, a vocal harmony group which also included the future songwriting team Roger Greenaway and Roger Cook. Subsequently he joined The Ivy League, and was still with them when they metamorphosed into The Flower Pot Men. The Flower Pot Men had",
"psg_id": "4957477"
},
{
"title": "Karl Burrows",
"text": "the 33rd official maximum break. Karl Burrows Karl Burrows (born 17 December 1967) is an English former professional snooker player. Born in 1967, Burrows turned professional in 1991. His best run in a ranking tournament was reaching the last 16, which he achieved at both the 1996 Asian Classic and the 1998 British Open. At the British Open tournament, he defeated 1986 world champion Joe Johnson before being whitewashed by reigning world champion Ken Doherty at the last 16 stage. One of most memorable moments of Burrows' career came when he recorded a maximum break against Adrian Rosa at the",
"psg_id": "20477841"
},
{
"title": "Karl Burrows",
"text": "Karl Burrows Karl Burrows (born 17 December 1967) is an English former professional snooker player. Born in 1967, Burrows turned professional in 1991. His best run in a ranking tournament was reaching the last 16, which he achieved at both the 1996 Asian Classic and the 1998 British Open. At the British Open tournament, he defeated 1986 world champion Joe Johnson before being whitewashed by reigning world champion Ken Doherty at the last 16 stage. One of most memorable moments of Burrows' career came when he recorded a maximum break against Adrian Rosa at the 1999 Benson & Hedges Championship,",
"psg_id": "20477840"
},
{
"title": "Benjamin Burrows",
"text": "which have been recorded. He also composed several instrumental works. Between 1929 and 1935 composed a string quartet and sonatas for violin, viola, violoncello, and piano., In later years he concentrated on church music, for his own use at Leicester church where he was organist from 1929 to 1955. Benjamin Burrows Dr Benjamin Burrows (20 October 1891 – 28 January 1966 in Leicester, England) was an English composer of art songs and instrumental music. Burrows was born in Leicester, England. He was the son of organist Benjamin Harper Burrows, and brother of violinist and orchestra conductor Grace Burrows. He studied",
"psg_id": "16417071"
},
{
"title": "Elsie M. Burrows",
"text": "In 1951, she began collecting data fmfor her monograph, \"Seaweeds of the British Isles\". The manuscript was completed shortly before her death and published posthumously in 1991. A number of specimens collected and characterized by her for the Seaweed Mapping Scheme remain in the herbarium at the Ulster Museum. Elsie M. Burrows Elsie May Burrows (1913–1986) was an English botanist who made significant contributions to British postwar phycology. Her primary area of research was macroalgal ecology, focusing particularly on \"Fucus\", a genus of brown algae, and \"Chlorophyta\", a division of the green algae. Borrows graduated with a B.Sc. from the",
"psg_id": "7974257"
},
{
"title": "Tony Burrows",
"text": "Tony Burrows Anthony \"Tony\" Burrows (born 14 April 1942) is an English session pop singer and recording artist. Burrows was born in Exeter, Devon. In the early 1960s, he was a member of The Kestrels, a vocal harmony group which also included the future songwriting team Roger Greenaway and Roger Cook. Subsequently he joined The Ivy League, and was still with them when they metamorphosed into The Flower Pot Men. The Flower Pot Men had only one hit, \"Let's Go to San Francisco\", which reached #4 on the UK Singles Chart in the autumn of 1967. Two founding members of",
"psg_id": "4957473"
},
{
"title": "Andrew Burrows",
"text": "in 2003. Andrew Burrows Andrew Burrows QC (Hon) (born 17 April 1957) is a Professor of the Law of England and senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. His work centres on private law, and is the main editor of the compendium \"English Private Law\", the convenor of the advisory group that produced \"A Restatement of the English Law of Unjust Enrichment\" as well as textbooks on English contract law. Burrows was educated at Prescot Grammar School and Brasenose College, Oxford, then studied for an LL.M. degree at Harvard University. He was a lecturer at the University of Manchester",
"psg_id": "9031402"
},
{
"title": "Andrew Burrows",
"text": "Andrew Burrows Andrew Burrows QC (Hon) (born 17 April 1957) is a Professor of the Law of England and senior research fellow at All Souls College, Oxford. His work centres on private law, and is the main editor of the compendium \"English Private Law\", the convenor of the advisory group that produced \"A Restatement of the English Law of Unjust Enrichment\" as well as textbooks on English contract law. Burrows was educated at Prescot Grammar School and Brasenose College, Oxford, then studied for an LL.M. degree at Harvard University. He was a lecturer at the University of Manchester from 1980",
"psg_id": "9031400"
},
{
"title": "Edwin G. Burrows",
"text": "Edwin G. Burrows Edwin G. \"Ted\" Burrows (May 15, 1943 – May 4, 2018) was a Distinguished Professor of History at Brooklyn College. He is the co-author of the Pulitzer Prize-winning \"\" (1998), and author of \"Forgotten Patriots: The Untold Story of American Prisoners During the Revolutionary War,\" (2008), which won the 2009 Fraunces Tavern Museum Book Award. Burrows received his B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1964, and his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1973, where he studied under Eric McKitrick. The same year, he began teaching at Brooklyn College, where his course on the History of New",
"psg_id": "4282466"
},
{
"title": "Abe Burrows",
"text": "whose credits have included \"The Mary Tyler Moore Show\" and \"Cheers\". His daughter, Laurie Burrows Grad, is the author of four cookbooks and host of her own cooking show on The Learning Channel. Abe Burrows died from Alzheimer's disease in his native New York City. Abe Burrows Abe Burrows (December 18, 1910 – May 17, 1985) was an American humorist, author, and director for radio and the stage. He won a Tony Award. Born Abram Solman Borowitz in New York City, Burrows graduated from New Utrecht High School in Brooklyn and later attended both City College and New York University.",
"psg_id": "5563394"
},
{
"title": "Brighton Toy and Model Museum",
"text": "standard opening times are: Admission to the shop area and information point is free. Admission to the museum area is ticketed and prices (as of August 2015) are: The building has been adapted for wheelchair users but the museum requests advance notice if any member of a party requires wheelchair access. School visits can be organised through the Education Officer. Advance notice is also requested for other group visits to avoid scheduling conflicts. Brighton Toy And Model Museum is an independent, non-profit organisation and a registered charity. The museum's Trustees are: The museum was featured in episode 2 of the",
"psg_id": "11205850"
},
{
"title": "Andy Burrows",
"text": "Miller-Heidke's song \"Share Your Air\", replacing the vocals of Passenger. Burrows resides in Hackney with his wife and his two daughters daughter Chloe and Joni. He has maintained a good friendship with the lead vocalist of Editors, Tom Smith, who has collaborated with Burrows on Funny Looking Angels and within Burrows' solo discography. The two met at Glastonbury Festival in 2005 through Burrows' friendship with Smith's girlfriend Edith Bowman. Andy Burrows Andrew William Burrows (born 30 June 1979) is an English songwriter and musician. He was the drummer in the band Razorlight from 2004 to 2009, as well as We",
"psg_id": "4836011"
},
{
"title": "Tom Burrows",
"text": "Pothas was injured in 2009, Burrows, along with two other young players, was released by Hampshire at the end of the 2009 season. Burrows is now pursuing a career in law at Southampton law firm Paris Smith LLP, having gained a first-class honours degree. Tom Burrows Tom Burrows (born 5 May 1985) is an English cricketer. He is a right-handed batsman and a wicketkeeper. Born in Wokingham, he has played for Berkshire and Hampshire since his cricketing baptism in 2003. Burrows' first-class debut match in May 2005 against Kent he helped Shane Warne towards his maiden first-class century, making 42",
"psg_id": "12098252"
},
{
"title": "Jonathan Burrows (choreographer)",
"text": "which came out of this time are still important to Burrows' work, and a source of connection between Burrows and Fargion. \"Both Sitting Duet\" is the translation of a score of a piece of music by American composer Morton Feldman, an important figure in music, and with whom Volans was friends. Burrows learnt traditional English Morris dancing at White Lodge Royal Ballet School, and both he and critics have named this as another possible source of influence in his style. Burrows has commented that he looked for a new way of moving that he could manage better than ballet. He",
"psg_id": "12009706"
},
{
"title": "Dean Burrows",
"text": "in the Second XI, Burrows left the county at the end of the 1987 season. Dean Burrows Dean Andrew Burrows (born 20 June 1966) is a former English cricketer. Burrows was a right-handed batsman who bowled right-arm medium-fast. He was born in Peterlee, County Durham. Burrows made his debut in county cricket for Durham in the 1984 Minor Counties Championship against Bedfordshire. He would go on to play Minor counties cricket on an infrequent basis for Durham until 1987, making a total of 5 Minor Counties Championship appearances and a single MCCA Knockout Trophy appearance. In the same season that",
"psg_id": "15800621"
},
{
"title": "Jamie Burrows",
"text": "24 October 2015, after two substitute appearances, Burrows left Yeovil having requested the termination of his contract, then retiring from professional football. Jamie Burrows Jamie Peter Burrows (born 24 March 1995) is a retired footballer who played as a forward. Born in Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles but raised in Jersey, Burrows starred for local side St. Paul's U16 side, before being signed by Scottish side Rangers in August 2011, following a two-week trial. On 3 July 2015, following his release from Rangers, Burrows signed for English Football League Two side Yeovil Town on a one-year contract. He made his professional debut",
"psg_id": "18965270"
},
{
"title": "Benjamin Burrows",
"text": "Benjamin Burrows Dr Benjamin Burrows (20 October 1891 – 28 January 1966 in Leicester, England) was an English composer of art songs and instrumental music. Burrows was born in Leicester, England. He was the son of organist Benjamin Harper Burrows, and brother of violinist and orchestra conductor Grace Burrows. He studied organ with H. P. Ellis and music theory with Charles Kitson. He worked as music teacher at Leicester University, but also had skills as a precision engineer and horologist. He is noted for his development of a system for music typography and founded his own publishing house, Bodnant Press,",
"psg_id": "16417069"
},
{
"title": "Terry Burrows",
"text": "the musical abstraction of his earlier career with Tonesucker, a prolific \"fundamentalist\" noise/drone project that has performed widely at festivals across Europe. Burrows has also performed on theremin and VCS3 at Britain's prestigious Aldeburgh Festival. Terry Burrows Terence Ashley Burrows is an English author, multi-instrumental musician, and producer based in London. Best known as a cult performer under the alias Yukio Yung, Burrows is also a prolific author of books relating to music history, theory, and tuition, technology, business, popular psychology and modern history. His works include \"The Art of Sound\" (Thames & Hudson), \"Mute: A Visual Document\" (co-authored with",
"psg_id": "8827207"
},
{
"title": "Larry Burrows",
"text": "Larry Burrows Larry Burrows (born Henry Frank Leslie Burrows 29 May 1926 in London, died 10 February 1971 in Laos) was an English photojournalist best known for his pictures of the American involvement in the Vietnam War. He was awarded the Prix Nadar for his posthumous book, \"Vietnam.\" Burrows left school at 16 and took a job in \"Life\" magazine's London bureau, where he printed photographs; it was here that Burrows started to be called Larry to avoid confusion with another Henry working in the same office. Some accounts blame Burrows for melting photographer Robert Capa's D-Day negatives in the",
"psg_id": "4561237"
},
{
"title": "Larry Burrows",
"text": "On 3/4 April 2008, the scant remains of Burrows and fellow photographers Huet, Potter and Shimamoto were honoured and interred at the Newseum in Washington, D.C.. Larry Burrows Larry Burrows (born Henry Frank Leslie Burrows 29 May 1926 in London, died 10 February 1971 in Laos) was an English photojournalist best known for his pictures of the American involvement in the Vietnam War. He was awarded the Prix Nadar for his posthumous book, \"Vietnam.\" Burrows left school at 16 and took a job in \"Life\" magazine's London bureau, where he printed photographs; it was here that Burrows started to be",
"psg_id": "4561240"
},
{
"title": "Grace Burrows",
"text": "also conducted the British Women’s Symphony Orchestra. She died at age 87. Notable students include Joyce Howard Barrell. Although best known as a violinist, teacher and orchestra leader, Burrows also published didactic music for violin. Selected works include: Grace Burrows Grace Burrows (b. 29 June 1893 d. 1980?) was an English violinist, violin teacher and orchestra conductor. Grace Burrows was born in Leicester, the daughter of Dr. Ben Burrows who served as organist for a number of churches in the Leicester area. She was also the sister of composer Benjamin Burrows (1891-1966). In the early 1920s she played viola in",
"psg_id": "18129647"
},
{
"title": "Montagu Burrows",
"text": "branch of the English Church Union until 1866, secretary of the Universities' Mission to Central Africa, a founder of the Church of Sts Philip and James in North Oxford, president of the Church Schools Managers and Teachers Association, and a member of the group that founded Keble College, Oxford. He contributed often to the \"Church and State Review\", \"The Churchman\", and \"The Guardian\". Burrows was chairman of the school of modern history from 1889 to 1893. Due to increasing deafness, he retired from active lecturing in 1900, but remained active in Oxford faculty, city, and church affairs. Burrows died on",
"psg_id": "9468508"
},
{
"title": "Steven Burrows",
"text": "Steven Burrows Steven Burrows (born 2 March 1964 in Bromsgrove) is an English bassist and musician. Steven Burrows grew up in the county of Worcestershire. In 1983 he joined the band And Also The Trees and stayed until 2007. He didn't participate in their 2007 album \"(Listen For) The Rag and Bone Man \" and their new acoustic album \"When The Rains Come\" and didn't take part in their live shows in 2007 and 2008. Furthermore, he played with the band The Very Things under the pseudonyms \"Fudger O'Mad\" and \"Budge\". Steven Burrows supported the band in several concerts in",
"psg_id": "13426494"
},
{
"title": "The Toy Hearts",
"text": "released ‘Femme Fatale’ in October 2010, which was recorded in Nashville earlier that year. Toy Hearts have toured through the UK, the USA and Europe and can count new rockabilly Queen ‘Imelda May,’ and veteran broadcaster Bob Harris amongst their fans. The Toy Hearts The Toy Hearts are an English Bluegrass and Western Swing band from Birmingham. Its members are Stewart Johnson (Banjo, Dobro, Lap Steel) and his daughters Sophia (vocals, flatpicking guitar) and Hannah (lead vocals, Mandolin, songwriting). The band cut their first record in 2006. The band is fronted by sisters Hannah and Sophia Johnson, who bring both",
"psg_id": "14075142"
},
{
"title": "Steven Burrows",
"text": "1985 and 1986. The \"Badass Cowboys\" were another band he worked with. They are a country and bluegrass music project from England. In 2002 Steven Burrows moved from England to live in Florida, USA. Steven Burrows Steven Burrows (born 2 March 1964 in Bromsgrove) is an English bassist and musician. Steven Burrows grew up in the county of Worcestershire. In 1983 he joined the band And Also The Trees and stayed until 2007. He didn't participate in their 2007 album \"(Listen For) The Rag and Bone Man \" and their new acoustic album \"When The Rains Come\" and didn't take",
"psg_id": "13426495"
},
{
"title": "English Toy Terrier (Black & Tan)",
"text": "also like plenty of cuddles. The English Toy Terrier (ETT) developed from the Old English Black and Tan Terrier and is closely related to the larger Manchester Terrier. Extremely fast and agile, the origins of this alert terrier are in the world of the rat pit, a sport popular in the cities of Victorian England where terriers were placed in a circle or pit with a number of rats and bets were taken as to which dog would kill its quota of rats in the fastest time. Small dogs were highly prized with the ideal being to produce the smallest",
"psg_id": "3251758"
},
{
"title": "Steve Burrows",
"text": "Steve Burrows Steve Burrows is an award-winning Canadian mystery writer, journalist, and past recipient of a “Nature Writer of the Year” award from BBC Wildlife. His 2014 novel, \"A Siege of Bitterns\", received widespread critical acclaim upon its release and was named one of the top 100 books of 2014 by \"The Globe and Mail\" before going on to win the 2015 Arthur Ellis Award for Best First Novel. Born and raised in the United Kingdom, Burrows moved to Ontario with his family following grammar school. After completing an English degree at York University, Burrows moved to Hong Kong where",
"psg_id": "18426501"
}
] | [
"bath (disambiguation)",
"bath",
"baths"
] |
on which label did the beach boys record most of their 60s hits? | [
{
"title": "Hits (The Beach Boys EP)",
"text": "the chart – more than any other EP. Hits (The Beach Boys EP) Hits was an EP by The Beach Boys, released in May 1966. The EP was released as a 7-inch vinyl record in mono with the catalogue number Capitol EAP1-20781. \"Hits\" was the UK number-one EP for 34 weeks, having eight separate stints at the top of the chart from June 1966 until December 1967 – this is the highest number of weeks as number-one EP. \"Hits\" was the incumbent number one when the chart ceased on 16 December 1967. Each of the four songs on the EP",
"psg_id": "15038056"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Their Greatest Hits: The Record",
"text": "Their Greatest Hits: The Record Their Greatest Hits: The Record is the career retrospective greatest hits album by the Bee Gees, released on UTV Records and Polydor in November 2001 as HDCD. The album includes 40 tracks spanning over 35 years of music. Four of the songs were new recordings of classic Gibb compositions originally recorded by other artists, including \"Emotion\" (Samantha Sang), \"Heartbreaker\" (Dionne Warwick), \"Islands in the Stream\" (Kenny Rogers and Dolly Parton), and \"Immortality\" (Celine Dion). It also features the Barry Gibb duet with Barbra Streisand, \"Guilty\", which originally appeared on Streisand's 1980 album of the same",
"psg_id": "7655506"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "of the \"Smile\" album three years earlier. Brian did not feel it should be released. On August 8, 1970, Rieley offered a six-page memo ruminating on how to stimulate \"increased record sales and popularity for The Beach Boys.\" In the fall of 1970, the Beach Boys hired Rieley as their manager. One of his initiatives was to encourage the band to record songs featuring more socially conscious lyrics. He also requested the completion of \"Surf's Up\" and arranged a guest appearance at a Grateful Dead concert at Bill Graham's Fillmore East in April 1971 to foreground the Beach Boys' transition",
"psg_id": "53364"
},
{
"title": "Friends (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "\"Transcendental Meditation\" as \"the most disappointing Beach Boys track of the year\". In its 1990 liner notes, David Leaf wrote that \"Friends\" was since reevaluated as \"one of the Beach Boys' finest artistic efforts.\" In 2007, \"Mojo\" wrote that \"Given distance and hindsight ... \"Friends\" is a uniquely rewarding Beach Boys album that, excepting \"Pet Sounds\", is the group's most sonically and thematically unified.\" AllMusic's Donald A. Guarisco described the album as a \"cult favorite\" among hardcore fans and highlighted the title track as \"mellow\", \"lovely\", and \"a good example of the Beach Boys' late-'60s output: it is far less",
"psg_id": "3257577"
},
{
"title": "The Very Best of The Beach Boys",
"text": "The Very Best of The Beach Boys The Very Best of the Beach Boys is an album released by the American rock and roll band The Beach Boys. The album was released by EMI in 2001 and features 30 of their greatest hits digitally remastered. The album is the first compilation of The Beach Boys that makes a full retrospective of their career, displaying their greatest hit songs, during their 40-year career. Other compilations had already been released throughout the years, but only focusing on certain time periods of the band, or focusing on their complete career, but with several",
"psg_id": "10882819"
},
{
"title": "Their Greatest Hits: The Record",
"text": "version of \"How Can You Mend a Broken Heart\" with Barry singing the opening verse. A mastering fault was also present in \"More Than a Woman\", with the audio noticeably dipping to the right briefly during the first verse. These were corrected after several thousand copies had already been distributed. All compositions by Barry, Robin and Maurice Gibb, except as indicated. ** Only appears in \"Japan Bonus Tracks\" version. Their Greatest Hits: The Record Their Greatest Hits: The Record is the career retrospective greatest hits album by the Bee Gees, released on UTV Records and Polydor in November 2001 as",
"psg_id": "7655510"
},
{
"title": "The Very Best of The Beach Boys",
"text": "volumes. All tracks written by Brian Wilson/Mike Love, unless otherwise noted. The Very Best of The Beach Boys The Very Best of the Beach Boys is an album released by the American rock and roll band The Beach Boys. The album was released by EMI in 2001 and features 30 of their greatest hits digitally remastered. The album is the first compilation of The Beach Boys that makes a full retrospective of their career, displaying their greatest hit songs, during their 40-year career. Other compilations had already been released throughout the years, but only focusing on certain time periods of",
"psg_id": "10882820"
},
{
"title": "Australian record companies in the 60s",
"text": "French and many others. One of the first and most important independent production companies was Albert Productions, which signed both Billy Thorpe & The Aztecs and The Easybeats. It was established in 1969 by young music executive Ted Albert, whose family that owned Australia's leading music publishing house J. Albert & Son and the Macquarie Radio Network, which then included leading Sydney AM pop station 2UW. Albert Productions scored many major Australian hits (released locally on EMI's Parlophone label) with both their flagship acts in the mid-Sixties, and the Albert Productions record label, established in the early 1970s, became one",
"psg_id": "18151752"
},
{
"title": "Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of The Beach Boys",
"text": "– if it's triple-platinum, which is, you know, pretty good. And by the time this 50th celebration is over, it'll probably be more than triple-platinum.\" \"Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of The Beach Boys\" was released in a market already containing the three volumes of hits issued during 1999 and 2000, but that did little to deter shoppers, who were responsible for shooting the CD into the US charts at number 16 (their highest peak since 1976's \"15 Big Ones\") and a lengthy 104-week stay. Currently certified triple platinum, \"Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of The Beach Boys\"",
"psg_id": "5586824"
},
{
"title": "Australian record companies in the 60s",
"text": "Australian record companies in the 60s Independent record labels proliferated in Australia during the 1960s. The local branch of the British-owned EMI company had dominated the Australian record market since the 1920s, but in this period it faced increasing challenges from its rivals, including the Australian arm of the American CBS Records and particularly from the Sydney-based Festival Records, a division of Rupert Murdoch's News Limited. Festival had its own successful house label, and it also signed valuable distribution deals with some of the most important and successful independent labels of Sixties, notably Leedon Records (which released the earliest recordings",
"psg_id": "18151749"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "session for \"Our Prayer\", Brian can be heard asking the other Beach Boys: \"Do you guys feel any acid yet?\". In 1968, Mike Love's interest in transcendental meditation led the Beach Boys to record the original song, \"Transcendental Meditation\". The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, and influential bands of all time. Their sales estimates range from 100 to 350 million records worldwide, and have influenced artists spanning many genres and decades. The group's early songs made them major pop stars in the US, the UK, Australia and other countries, having seven top 10 singles",
"psg_id": "53423"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "the label, even though it was against the wishes of band manager Nick Grillo. In a press release, Anderle stated that Brother Records was to give \"entirely new concepts to the recording industry, and to give the Beach Boys total creative and promotional control over their product.\" The group established a short-lived film production company, called \"Home Movies\", to create live action film and television properties starring the Beach Boys. The company completed only one production, a music video for \"Good Vibrations\". Released on October 10, 1966, \"Good Vibrations\" was the Beach Boys' third US number-one single, reaching the top",
"psg_id": "53332"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "acquired the rights to their post-1965 catalog. In August, Sea of Tunes, the Beach Boys' catalog, was sold to Irving Almo Music for $700,000 (equivalent to $ in ). Brian, according to his wife Marilyn Wilson, was devastated by the sale. Over the years, the catalog would generate more than $100 million in publishing royalties, none of which Murry nor the band members ever received. The group were signed to Reprise Records in 1970. Scott Schinder described the label as \"probably the hippest and most artist-friendly major label of the time.\" The deal was brokered by Van Dyke Parks, who",
"psg_id": "53360"
},
{
"title": "'60s on 6",
"text": "and news updates. The channel was also used for XM's annual rock and roll hits music chronology, \"IT\". The logo features a Peace sign for the zero in its logo. As of 2008, The '60s on 6 was the fifth most listened to station on the XM service, with a cume of 581,300 listeners per week, according to Arbitron analysis. With the merger of many Sirius XM channels on November 12, 2008, there were some changes to 60s on 6. The channel's playlist, which had once exceeded 3,000 songs was sliced to emphasize Top 10 hits more, with most of",
"psg_id": "7637850"
},
{
"title": "Orfeón (Mexican record label)",
"text": "Orfeón (Mexican record label) Orfeón is a record label from Mexico, which has released a large number of recordings for the Latin American market since at least the 1950s. During the 1960s, the label signed American rockers Bill Haley & His Comets and the band had numerous regional hits on the label, most notably the partial instrumental \"Florida Twist\" and the Spanish-language \"Twist Espanol\". The label also sponsored a musical television series, \"Orfeón a Go-Go\". Orfeón was affiliated with the Dimsa label in the 1960s, releasing some material (including a number of Haley albums) under this label. Another major American",
"psg_id": "5597884"
},
{
"title": "Orfeón (Mexican record label)",
"text": "act that recorded for the label was Big Joe Turner in 1966. Orfeón (Mexican record label) Orfeón is a record label from Mexico, which has released a large number of recordings for the Latin American market since at least the 1950s. During the 1960s, the label signed American rockers Bill Haley & His Comets and the band had numerous regional hits on the label, most notably the partial instrumental \"Florida Twist\" and the Spanish-language \"Twist Espanol\". The label also sponsored a musical television series, \"Orfeón a Go-Go\". Orfeón was affiliated with the Dimsa label in the 1960s, releasing some material",
"psg_id": "5597885"
},
{
"title": "Friends (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "quickly issued the greatest hits collection \"Best of the Beach Boys Vol. 3\" and the novelty compilation \"Stack-o-Tracks\", both of which sold worse than \"Friends\". \"Friends\" was the last LP in which Brian was credited on most of the tracks until 1977's \"The Beach Boys Love You\". According to a \"Mojo\" retrospective, the group's remaining fanbase reacted to \"Friends\" with the abandonment of \"any hope that Brian Wilson would deliver a true successor to his 1966 masterwork\", \"Pet Sounds\". Despite the failure of a collaborative tour with the Maharishi, the band remained supporters of him and his teachings. Dennis contributed",
"psg_id": "3257543"
},
{
"title": "X2 (record label)",
"text": "X2 (record label) x2 is a British record label set up by Pet Shop Boys to release their own music. On 14 March 2013, the duo officially left Parlophone after 28 years and entered into a new arrangement with Kobalt Label Services for the release of their 12th album, their first release on their own music label. Tennant stated at the time of the announcement: Spaghetti Records was launched in September 1991 for side-projects. The first single to be released on Spaghetti was by a 21-year-old Scottish singer, synthesizer player and songwriter called David Cicero. The single was called \"Heaven",
"psg_id": "5525175"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys Today!",
"text": "The Beach Boys Today! The Beach Boys Today! is the eighth studio album by the American rock band the Beach Boys, released on March 8, 1965. The album signaled a departure from their previous records with its orchestral approach, intimate subject matter, and abandonment of themes related to surfing, cars, or superficial love. It peaked at number four on US record charts during a 50-week chart stay and was preceded by the top 10 singles \"When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)\" and \"Dance, Dance, Dance\", along with \"Do You Wanna Dance?\" which reached number 12. When issued in",
"psg_id": "3263317"
},
{
"title": "Impact (record label)",
"text": "to the edition of 1 January 1966 of \"Billboard\", after Columbus, two other acts were to have releases. They were the group Larry's Rebels and the singer Gerry Merito. One of the artists it would have a lot of success with was Bunny Walters. Walters who had 12 singles released on the label had 5 charting hits with the label, the last being \"The Nearest Thing To Heaven which made #10 in 1974. Impact (record label) \"For other record labels named Impact Records, see Impact Records (disambiguation)\" Impact was a New Zealand record label which released records by, among others,",
"psg_id": "19963309"
},
{
"title": "Montaigne (record label)",
"text": "Montaigne (record label) Disques Montaigne was a French classical record company founded in 1987 by Pierre Lebaillif, an official in charge of cultural sponsorship at the state owned bank Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, and also vice-président of the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées. Lebaillif's intention was to make available to a wider public some valuable archive and live recordings. Lebaillif, had the original radio tapes from the 1950s and 60s cleaned up and digitally remastered by a renowned French recording engineer Pierre Verany, but rather than release them on Verany's own label (which specialised in early music), he created a new",
"psg_id": "20050835"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "bands\" that had performed on the Mall on Independence Day in 1981 and 1982 had encouraged drug use and alcoholism and had attracted \"the wrong element\", who would steal from attendees. During the ensuing uproar, which included over 40,000 complaints to the Department of the Interior, the Beach Boys stated that the Soviet Union, which had invited them to perform in Leningrad in 1978, \"...obviously ... did not feel that the group attracted the wrong element.\" Vice President George H. W. Bush said of the Beach Boys, \"They're my friends and I like their music\". Watt later apologized to the",
"psg_id": "53385"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys in Concert",
"text": "The Beach Boys in Concert The Beach Boys in Concert is the third live album released by the U.S. pop group The Beach Boys. It was released in late 1973. In the U.S. the live album was their first live album since \"Beach Boys Concert\" released nine years earlier. Their second, \"Live in London\", was released in the UK in 1970, but was not released in the U.S. until 1976. The Beach Boys in Concert gave the band their best chart peak since 1967's \"Wild Honey\" by reaching number 25, and earning them their first gold record since 1966's \"Best",
"psg_id": "5552603"
},
{
"title": "Spirit of America (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "\"Best Of\" albums that were released by the record label. \"Help Me, Rhonda\" (the retitled original \"Help Me, Ronda\") from \"Endless Summer\" was the other Beach Boys song included. As with the \"Endless Summer\" compilation, the 2-record set was pressed with Sides 1 & 4 on one disc and Sides 2 & 3 on the other. The \"Spirit of America\" (and \"Endless Summer\") cover art illustrator was Keith McConnell. Side 1 of the cassette version features all tracks from Sides 1 & 2 except \"Tell Me Why\", which was placed on Side 2 as the first track, followed by Sides",
"psg_id": "5603488"
},
{
"title": "Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits!",
"text": "Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! is a compilation album released by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes on the Philadelphia International record label in July 1976. It includes all of their biggest hits with the label recorded between 1972 and 1975, such as \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\", \"The Love I Lost\", Bad Luck\", and \"Wake Up Everybody\". Many of the songs were in extended versions. The album, produced by Gamble & Huff, sold over a million in the USA. The UK album release also included the track, \"Satisfaction Guaranteed\" which",
"psg_id": "15932483"
},
{
"title": "Endless Summer (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "\"Greatest Music Ever Sold\" campaign, which promoted 15 \"Best Of\" albums released by the record label. The song was once again retitled \"Help Me, Rhonda,\" for this compilation album. \"Dance, Dance, Dance\" from \"Spirit of America\" was the other Beach Boys song to be included. The DCC Compact Classics Gold Disc of \"Endless Summer\" uses the single versions of \"Help Me, Rhonda\" and \"Be True to Your School\" rather than the album versions. All songs written by Brian Wilson and Mike Love, except where noted. Endless Summer (The Beach Boys album) Endless Summer is a compilation album by American rock",
"psg_id": "1612279"
},
{
"title": "Montaigne (record label)",
"text": "Louis Bricard's independent label Auvidis, which then itself was acquired by Naive Records. Montaigne (record label) Disques Montaigne was a French classical record company founded in 1987 by Pierre Lebaillif, an official in charge of cultural sponsorship at the state owned bank Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, and also vice-président of the Théâtre des Champs-Elysées. Lebaillif's intention was to make available to a wider public some valuable archive and live recordings. Lebaillif, had the original radio tapes from the 1950s and 60s cleaned up and digitally remastered by a renowned French recording engineer Pierre Verany, but rather than release them",
"psg_id": "20050837"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "he suffered a panic attack only hours after performing with the Beach Boys on the musical variety series \"Shindig!\". In January 1965, he announced his withdrawal from touring to concentrate entirely on songwriting and record production. For the rest of 1964 and into 1965, session musician Glen Campbell served as Brian's temporary replacement in concert. Carl took over as the band's musical director onstage. Now a full-time studio artist, Brian wanted to move the Beach Boys beyond their surf aesthetic, believing that their image was antiquated and distracting the public from his talents as a producer and songwriter. In the",
"psg_id": "53312"
},
{
"title": "Sunflower (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "Sunflower (The Beach Boys album) Sunflower is the 16th studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released in August 1970, and their first on Reprise Records. Despite being met with largely positive reviews, the album suffered unexpectedly poor sales, reaching number 151 on U.S. record charts during a four-week stay, and becoming the lowest-charting Beach Boys album to that point. In the UK, the album performed better, peaking at number 29. Unlike their previous albums, \"Sunflower\" was composed entirely of original songwriting contributions from every member of the band. Its sessions began in the midst of legal battles",
"psg_id": "3108266"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "did. Their performances were filmed and recorded with the intention of releasing a live album, \"Lei'd in Hawaii\", which was also left unfinished and unreleased. Jesse Jarnow of \"Pitchfork\" opined that the Hawaii performances \"most definitely would not have passed the Monterey acid test against the likes of the Who and Jimi Hendrix.\" In an interview that month, Brian stated: \"I think rock n' roll–the pop scene–is happening. It's great. But I think basically, the Beach Boys are squares. We're not happening.\" \"Smiley Smile\" was released on September 18, 1967, and peaked at number 41 in the US, making it",
"psg_id": "53347"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "in Robert Christgau's opinion, \"the Beach Boys were a touchstone for real rock and rollers, all of whom understood that the music had its most essential roots in an innocently hedonistic materialism.\" The group's \"California Sound\" grew to national prominence through the success of their 1963 album \"Surfin' U.S.A.\", which helped turn the surfing subculture into a mainstream youth-targeted advertising image widely exploited by the film, television, and food industry. The group's surf music was not entirely of their own invention, being preceded by artists such as Dick Dale. However, previous surf musicians did not project a world view as",
"psg_id": "53430"
},
{
"title": "Australian record companies in the 60s",
"text": "by The Bee Gees), Spin Records and the Perth-based Clarion Records. The many hits released on these independent labels comprised a significant part of Festival's total turnover. Other important independent pop labels of this period included the Melbourne-based W&G Records, Astor Records – also a major distributor—and the short-lived Go!! Records label, which was set up in conjunction with the popular pop TV series The Go!! Show. Independent studios and production companies began to play an increasingly important role in the local record industry. Arguably the most productive and influential pop studio in Australia at that time was Armstrong's Studios",
"psg_id": "18151750"
},
{
"title": "Friends (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "Maharishi and Transcendental Meditation. They continued to record songs inspired by the Maharishi or his teachings, including both \"He Come Down\" and \"All This Is That\" on 1972's \"Carl and the Passions\", and both \"Everyone's in Love with You\" and \"T M Song\" on 1976's \"15 Big Ones\". Subsequent albums would also see Dennis contribute more songs, eventually culminating in a solo record, 1977's \"Pacific Ocean Blue\". Stebbins recognizes \"Friends\" as marking \"the true beginning of the Beach Boys as a group of six relatively equal creative partners\". It was the last Beach Boys album where Brian held most of",
"psg_id": "3257581"
},
{
"title": "20/20 (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "20/20 (The Beach Boys album) 20/20 is the 15th studio album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on February 10, 1969. The LP was named for being their 20th overall album release. Much of it consists of outtakes from earlier albums. It reached number 3 on UK record charts and number 68 in the US. Brian Wilson was absent during most of the album's recording after admitting himself into a psychiatric hospital, requiring brothers Carl and Dennis to retrieve several outtakes he had recorded years earlier. While Brian does not appear on the front cover, the inner gatefold",
"psg_id": "3257868"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "original songs, primarily written by Brian with Mike Love and friend Gary Usher. Another unusual feature of the Beach Boys was that, although they were marketed as \"surf music\", their repertoire bore little resemblance to the music of other surf bands, which was mainly instrumental and incorporated heavy use of spring reverb. For this reason, some of the Beach Boys' early local performances had young audience members throwing vegetables at the band, believing that the group were poseurs. In January 1963, the Beach Boys recorded their first top-ten single, \"Surfin' U.S.A.\", which began their long run of highly successful recording",
"psg_id": "53302"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys bootleg recordings",
"text": "Album. In 2011, \"Uncut\" voted \"Smile\" the number one \"greatest bootleg recording of all time\". In 2003, \"Stylus Magazine\" named the Beach Boys' \"Smile\", \"Landlocked\", \"Adult Child\", and Dennis Wilson's \"Bambu\" \"A Lost Album Category Unto Themselves\". The current existence of most of the Beach Boys' tape masters was made possible by the fact that the band were in control of their own material. Typically, record labels at the time would possess the multi-tracks, then wipe them once a final master was mixed down. However, a myriad of original multi-track masters have been lost due to various circumstances. Some reported",
"psg_id": "18458736"
},
{
"title": "Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits!",
"text": "had been a big hit for the group there. Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! Collectors' Item: All Their Greatest Hits! is a compilation album released by Harold Melvin & the Blue Notes on the Philadelphia International record label in July 1976. It includes all of their biggest hits with the label recorded between 1972 and 1975, such as \"If You Don't Know Me by Now\", \"The Love I Lost\", Bad Luck\", and \"Wake Up Everybody\". Many of the songs were in extended versions. The album, produced by Gamble & Huff, sold over a million in the USA. The UK",
"psg_id": "15932484"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "The Beach Boys The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California, in 1961. The group's original lineup consisted of brothers Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson; their cousin Mike Love; and their friend Al Jardine. Distinguished by their vocal harmonies and early surf songs, they are one of the most influential acts of the rock era. The band drew on the music of jazz-based vocal groups, 1950s rock and roll, and black R&B to create their unique sound. With Brian as composer, arranger, producer, and de facto leader, they often incorporated classical elements and unconventional recording techniques",
"psg_id": "53288"
},
{
"title": "Friends (The Beach Boys album)",
"text": "more songs on later Beach Boys albums, eventually culminating in a solo record, 1977's \"Pacific Ocean Blue\". In 2018, session highlights, outtakes, and alternate takes were released for the compilation \"Wake the World: The Friends Sessions\". In September and December 1967, the Beach Boys released \"Smiley Smile\" and \"Wild Honey\", respectively. Music fans were generally disappointed that the band twice failed to deliver on the hype surrounding their unreleased album \"Smile\", which was advertised as the follow-up to the sophistication of \"Pet Sounds\" and \"Good Vibrations\" (both 1966). Instead, the group were making a deliberate choice to produce music that",
"psg_id": "3257544"
},
{
"title": "Beach Boys Concert",
"text": "Beach Boys Concert Beach Boys Concert is the first live album by American rock band the Beach Boys, released on October 19, 1964. It is their seventh album in all, and their third alone in the same year. It was their first chart-topping album in the US, as well as the first live album to top pop music record charts, maintaining its position for four weeks during a sixty-two-week chart stay, and becoming another gold seller. The album was recorded live at the Memorial Auditorium in Sacramento, California. Because Brian Wilson was about to vacate his position in the live",
"psg_id": "3247369"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "Shoup of Stereogum surmised that, thanks to the Ramones' praise for the group, many punk, pop punk, or \"punk-adjacent\" artists showed influence from the Beach Boys, noting cover versions of the band's songs recorded by Slickee Boys, Agent Orange, Bad Religion, Shonen Knife, the Queers, Hi-Standard, the Donnas, M.O.D., and the Vandals. \"The Beach Boys Love You\" is sometimes considered the group's \"punk album\". In the 1990s, the Beach Boys experienced a resurgence of popularity with the alternative rock generation. According to Sean O'Hagan, leader of the High Llamas and former member of Stereolab, a younger generation of record-buyers \"stopped",
"psg_id": "53442"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "into the counterculture. During this time, the group ceased wearing matching uniforms on stage. On August 30, 1971, the band released \"Surf's Up\", which included the title track. The album was moderately successful, reaching the US top 30, a marked improvement over their recent releases. While the record charted, the Beach Boys added to their renewed fame by performing a near-sellout set at Carnegie Hall; their live shows during this era included reworked arrangements of many of the band's previous songs. A large portion of their set lists culled from \"Pet Sounds\" and \"Smile\". Music writer Domenic Priore noted, \"They",
"psg_id": "53365"
},
{
"title": "Greatest Hits on Monument",
"text": "for the label, \"Coming Around.\" The additional singles (\"They'll Never Be Another for Me,\" \"Smooth Sailin',\" \"Ten Thousand and One,\" and \"Don't Say Love\") reached lower positions on the \"Billboard\" Country Chart. Overall, \"Greatest Hits on Monument\" did not gain positive feedback. Allmusic reviewer Stephen Thomas Erlewine gave the album two and a half out five stars, saying that fans did not like these recordings, stating \"It's easy to see why fans of pure country -- the kind of music Connie Smith effortlessly made during the '60s -- are not crazy about her late-'70s recordings for Monument. Once she signed",
"psg_id": "13699913"
},
{
"title": "The Hits – Chapter One (Backstreet Boys album)",
"text": "on the US Billboard 200 chart and was certified platinum by the \"RIAA\". This was their second No. 4 album in the US following \"Backstreet Boys\" in 1997 and their fourth consecutive top-ten album in the US following \"Black & Blue\" in 2000. The Backstreet Boys' label, Jive Records, decided to release a Backstreet Boys greatest-hits CD by Christmas 2001 as they had not released a blockbuster album that year. The group resisted the release as they felt that it was too early in their career for such an album and that it would ruin their plan to mark the",
"psg_id": "6462066"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "name. He suggested calling them the Beach Boys. \"Surfin\" was a regional success for the West Coast, and reached number 75 on the national \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. It was so successful that the number of unpaid orders for the single bankrupted Candix. By this time the de facto manager of the Beach Boys, Murry landed the group's first paying gig (for which they earned $300) on New Year's Eve, 1961, at the Ritchie Valens Memorial Dance in Long Beach. In their earliest public appearances, the band wore heavy wool jacket-like shirts that local surfers favored before switching to their",
"psg_id": "53298"
},
{
"title": "Boys' Record",
"text": "Equation\" on March 3 on \"The Show\". The song was an all-kill on all the music shows. The group achieved their first triple crown on \"The Show\". The credits are adapted from the official homepage of the group. Boys' Record Boys' Record is a special single album by the South Korean boy band VIXX. The album was released on February 24, 2015 under the label of Jellyfish Entertainment. The song \"Love Equation\" was used to promote the album. On January 16, it was reported that VIXX was planning a February comeback with a new remake album. On February 11, R.ef's",
"psg_id": "18707282"
},
{
"title": "Record label",
"text": "Record label A record label, or record company, is a brand or trademark associated with the marketing of music recordings and music videos. Sometimes, a record label is also a publishing company that manages such brands and trademarks, coordinates the production, manufacture, distribution, marketing, promotion, and enforcement of copyright for sound recordings and music videos; also conducting talent scouting and development of new artists (\"artists and repertoire\" or \"A&R\"); and maintains contracts with recording artists and their managers. The term \"record label\" derives from the circular label in the center of a vinyl record which prominently displays the manufacturer's name,",
"psg_id": "1304731"
},
{
"title": "Midwesterners: The Hits",
"text": "Midwesterners: The Hits Midwesterners: The Hits is the first greatest hits album of songs composed by American rock band Hawthorne Heights. It was released on November 9, 2010 through Victory Records, without contribution from the band. The compilation is Victory's last release of material by Hawthorne Heights, and contains 16 of the band's favorite and most notable tracks that have already been released through their past albums with the record label. Hawthorne Heights' most recent studio album, \"Skeletons\", was released through their new label, Wind-up Records. There is a notable typographical error on the back cover of the jewel casing",
"psg_id": "14973079"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "in the group. In a 1966 article that asked if \"the Beach Boys rely too much on sound genius Brian\", Carl explained that although Brian was the most responsible for their music, every member of the group contributed ideas. Mike Love wrote, \"As far as I was concerned, Brian \"was\" a genius, deserving of that recognition. But the rest of us were seen as nameless components in Brian's music machine ... It didn't feel to us as if we were just riding on Brian's coattails.\" Conversely, Dennis defended Brian's stature in the band, stating \"Brian Wilson \"is\" the Beach Boys.",
"psg_id": "53406"
},
{
"title": "'60s on 6",
"text": "'60s on 6 The '60s on 6 (or just The '60s) is a commercial-free, satellite radio station on the Sirius XM Radio platform. It plays music from the 1960s. Airing on XM since 2001, the channel became available to Sirius subscribers replacing '60s Vibrations on November 12, 2008, following the merger of the two companies. The station currently broadcasts on channel 6 of both services, as well as on Dish Network channel 6006. Like the other decades channels, The '60s on 6 works to recreate the feel of oldies hits radio. They use similar DJs, oldies PAMS jingles, period slang,",
"psg_id": "7637849"
},
{
"title": "Their Greatest Hits: The Record",
"text": "as part of a Bee Gees compilation album called \"Love Songs\" which was planned for release in 1995. \"Islands in the Stream\" was recorded in 2001 with Robin singing lead in contemporary R&B sound rather than the more traditional arrangement like that heard on \"One Night Only\", which had Barry singing lead (Barry did not perform vocals on this revised version). \"Immortality\" is the original writing demo from 1996, which includes Barry singing in high falsetto as a guide to Celine Dion who would go on to record the song in 1997. The very first UK pressings used the wrong",
"psg_id": "7655509"
},
{
"title": "Aesop (record label)",
"text": "either positioned at 33 or 45 degrees from the top most point of the logo, this dictates at which speed the record should be played at, either 33 or 45 RPM. Aesop (record label) Aesop Label, commonly known as Aesop, is a British independent record label founded and based in Brixton, London. The label was launched in 2012 with a focus on releasing records available on limited runs of 12-inch vinyl as well as being available digitally. Aesop was started by Adam Royal, its inaugural release was \"'The Wheel\" from English musician Sohn, which was also marked his debut release",
"psg_id": "18580614"
},
{
"title": "Hits (The Beach Boys EP)",
"text": "play (LP) chart, \"Record Retailer\" also ran an EP chart. \"Hits\" was released in May 1966 and became a number-one EP on 4 June. It stayed at the top for 4 weeks and was then displaced by The Walker Brothers EP \"I Need You\". \"Hits\" returned to the top again on 10 September for another four weeks, being displaced again by the same Walker Brothers EP. On 29 October it returned for a third stint at number-one of seven weeks. The Who tooks the number-one spot over Christmas and in the New Year of 1967, with \"Hits\" reclaiming number-one on",
"psg_id": "15038054"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "Daniel Harrison summarizes: The Beach Boys began as a garage band playing 1950s style rock and roll, reassembling styles of music such as surf to include vocal jazz harmony, which created their unique sound. In addition, they introduced their signature approach to common genres such as the pop ballad by applying harmonic or formal twists not native to rock and roll. Among the distinct elements of the Beach Boys' style were the nasal quality of their singing voices, their use of a falsetto harmony over a driving, locomotive-like melody, and the sudden chiming in of the whole group on a",
"psg_id": "53403"
},
{
"title": "Beach Boys Historic Landmark",
"text": "Jardine, gathered here to record a tape of their breakthrough song “Surfin’.” This marked the birth of the rock group known worldwide as the Beach Boys, and the beginning of a historic musical legacy. The music of the Beach Boys broadcast to the world an image of California as a place of sun, surf, and romance. Less than a month after the unveiling of the landmark, it was targeted by graffiti vandals. Beach Boys Historic Landmark The Beach Boys Historic Landmark commemorates the site of the childhood home of Brian, Dennis, and Carl Wilson of The Beach Boys. The monument,",
"psg_id": "8946342"
},
{
"title": "Merry Christmas from the Beach Boys",
"text": "Some of its recordings were later released on the 1998 compilation \"Ultimate Christmas\". After Warners rejected the Beach Boys' 1977 album \"Adult/Child\", the group submitted \"Merry Christmas from the Beach Boys\" in late 1977, but they were once again rejected, and the label demanded the band submit a regular studio album instead. New lyrics were overdubbed on to some of the original Christmas tracks the following spring, which, together with quickly penned new material, formed the basis of a new album entitled \"California Feeling\", named after an original song recorded in 1975 which Brian refused to include on the album.",
"psg_id": "19039489"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys discography",
"text": "original U.S. releases. (*) Contains a considerable number of previously unreleased recordings; (**) All previously unreleased recordings; Listed below are Beach Boys A-sides issued in the US. For Beach Boys singles not issued under the group name, charting B-sides, EP tracks, featured tracks, Christmas singles and non-American A-sides, see other songs. The Beach Boys discography The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. Their discography from 1961 to 1984 was originally released on the vinyl format, with the 1985 album \"The Beach Boys\" being the group's first CD release. The Beach Boys' catalogue has",
"psg_id": "7725315"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "harmonies had derived from, Wilson answered: 'Barbershop'.\" Nine months after forming, the group acquired national success, and demand for their personal appearance skyrocketed. Biographer James Murphy said, \"By most contemporary accounts, they were not a very good live band when they started. ... The Beach Boys learned to play as a band in front of live audiences\", eventually to become \"one of the best and enduring live bands\". For the recording of the Beach Boys' instrumental tracks, Brian arranged many of his compositions for a conglomerate of session musicians later known as \"the Wrecking Crew\". Their assistance was needed because",
"psg_id": "53417"
},
{
"title": "Boys' Record",
"text": "Boys' Record Boys' Record is a special single album by the South Korean boy band VIXX. The album was released on February 24, 2015 under the label of Jellyfish Entertainment. The song \"Love Equation\" was used to promote the album. On January 16, it was reported that VIXX was planning a February comeback with a new remake album. On February 11, R.ef's \"Farewell Formula\" was revealed as the title track for the new remake album via VIXX's social media accounts. On February 20, the music video teaser for \"Love Equation\" was released. On February 24, \"Boys' Record\" was released along",
"psg_id": "18707279"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "voted it as the 64th greatest album of all time. The Beach Boys immediately recorded a new album, \"Wild Honey\", which was an excursion into soul music. Carl described it as \"music for Brian to cool out by. He was still very spaced.\" The album was a self-conscious attempt by the Beach Boys to \"regroup\" themselves as a rock band in opposition to their more orchestral affairs of the past. Its music differs in many ways from previous Beach Boys records: it contains very little group singing compared to previous albums, and mainly features Brian singing at his piano. Again,",
"psg_id": "53349"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys discography",
"text": "The Beach Boys discography The Beach Boys are an American rock band formed in Hawthorne, California in 1961. Their discography from 1961 to 1984 was originally released on the vinyl format, with the 1985 album \"The Beach Boys\" being the group's first CD release. The Beach Boys' catalogue has been released on reel-to-reel, 8-track, cassette, CD, MiniDisc, digital downloads, and various streaming services. The group has released 29 studio albums, eight live albums, 55 compilation albums, and 71 singles. The release dates and sequence of The Beach Boys albums in the UK up to \"Pet Sounds\" differ significantly from the",
"psg_id": "7725314"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "the Beach Boys did. The band's earlier surf music helped raise the profile of the state of California, creating its first major regional style with national significance, and establishing a musical identity for Southern California, as opposed to Hollywood. California ultimately supplanted New York as the center of popular music thanks to the success of Brian's productions. A 1966 article discussing new trends in rock music writes that the Beach Boys popularized a type of drum beat heard in Jan and Dean's \"Surf City\", which sounds like a \"a locomotive getting up speed\", in addition to the method of \"suddenly",
"psg_id": "53431"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "Get Around\" was released in May, it would climb to number one, their first single to do so, proving that the Beach Boys could compete with contemporary British pop groups. In July, the album that the song appeared on, \"All Summer Long\", reached No. 4 in the US. \"All Summer Long\" introduced exotic textures to the Beach Boys' sound exemplified by the piccolos and xylophones of its title track. The album was a swan-song to the surf and car music the Beach Boys built their commercial standing upon. Later albums took a different stylistic and lyrical path. Before this, a",
"psg_id": "53309"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "or co-writing seven of the twelve songs on \"Sunflower\" and performing at half of the band's domestic concerts in 1970. The album received critical acclaim in both the US and the UK. This was offset by the album reaching only number 151 on US record charts during a four-week stay, becoming the worst selling Beach Boys album at that point. In his review for \"Rolling Stone\", critic Jim Miller praised the album as \"without doubt the best Beach Boys album in recent memory, a stylistically coherent \"tour de force\"\", but mused: \"It makes one wonder though whether anyone still listens",
"psg_id": "53362"
},
{
"title": "The Most of Lulu",
"text": "The Most of Lulu The Most of Lulu is a compilation album by British pop singer Lulu, released in 1971. It was the first of Lulu's albums to chart in the UK, reaching No.15. It was released on the MfP budget record label, which the following year followed this up with \"The Most of Lulu Volume 2\" - a re-release of 1969's \"Lulu's Album\" with one extra track. This compilation featured Lulu's hits from the late 1960s which had been released on the EMI label, therefore missing out her most well-known song \"Shout\". The collection was reissued on CD by",
"psg_id": "12428881"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "lack of promotion Reprise put into \"Love You\" was a byproduct of the falling out between artist and label. After \"Love You\" was released, Brian assembled \"Adult/Child\", an unreleased effort largely consisting of songs written by Brian from 1976 and 1977 with select big band arrangements by Dick Reynolds. Although publicized as the Beach Boys' next release, \"Adult/Child\" caused tension within the group and was ultimately shelved. Following this period, his concert appearances with the band gradually diminished and their performances were occasionally erratic. The internal wrangling came to a head after a show at Central Park on September 1,",
"psg_id": "53378"
},
{
"title": "The Most of Lulu",
"text": "EMI in 2002 with \"Lulu's Album\". Side One Side Two The Most of Lulu The Most of Lulu is a compilation album by British pop singer Lulu, released in 1971. It was the first of Lulu's albums to chart in the UK, reaching No.15. It was released on the MfP budget record label, which the following year followed this up with \"The Most of Lulu Volume 2\" - a re-release of 1969's \"Lulu's Album\" with one extra track. This compilation featured Lulu's hits from the late 1960s which had been released on the EMI label, therefore missing out her most",
"psg_id": "12428882"
},
{
"title": "Broken Records (record label)",
"text": "Brainstorm Artists International. Broken Records (record label) Broken Records was a Christian rock record label founded in 1985. The label closed in the early 1990s. Broken Records became an important label in the development of both the West Coast Christian alternative music and Christian hip-hop scenes. It focused primarily on modern rock, punk, and new wave music, paving the way for labels like Frontline Records. Artists signed to Broken Records included Level Heads, The Altar Boys, The Choir, Crumbächer, The 77s, 4-4-1, Riki Michele, Adam Again and Undercover. After having difficulties with its distributor, the label was for a time",
"psg_id": "8011934"
},
{
"title": "Broken Records (record label)",
"text": "Broken Records (record label) Broken Records was a Christian rock record label founded in 1985. The label closed in the early 1990s. Broken Records became an important label in the development of both the West Coast Christian alternative music and Christian hip-hop scenes. It focused primarily on modern rock, punk, and new wave music, paving the way for labels like Frontline Records. Artists signed to Broken Records included Level Heads, The Altar Boys, The Choir, Crumbächer, The 77s, 4-4-1, Riki Michele, Adam Again and Undercover. After having difficulties with its distributor, the label was for a time run successfully as",
"psg_id": "8011933"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "band's name transpired. Dennis drowned in 1983 and Carl died of lung cancer in 1998. After Carl's death, the group's corporation, Brother Records Inc (BRI), allowed Love to lead a touring band under the \"Beach Boys\" name. Even though they have not performed together since their 2012 reunion tour, Brian, Jardine, and Love remain a part of BRI and as official members of the band. The Beach Boys are one of the most critically acclaimed, commercially successful, and influential bands of all time. They were one of the earliest self-contained rock bands and one of the few US bands who",
"psg_id": "53291"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys",
"text": "would not feature Wilson. Wilson then denied knowledge of these new dates. He later wrote: \"I had wanted to send out a joint press release, between Brian and me, formally announcing the end of the reunion tour on September 28. But I couldn't get Brian's management team on board (Brian himself doesn't make those kinds of decisions).\" In late September, news outlets began reporting that Love had dismissed Wilson from the Beach Boys. On October 5, Love responded in a self-written press release to the \"LA Times\" stating he \"did not fire Brian Wilson from the Beach Boys. I cannot",
"psg_id": "53397"
},
{
"title": "The Beach Boys bootleg recordings",
"text": "Here\". A year later, James William Guercio was the manager for both groups. They performed together on a joint 1975 summer tour, sometimes providing accompaniment for the other band's songs, with the intention of later releasing recordings from the tour. , Andrew Doe states that it is unclear why the album was never released. \"Adult Child\" was recorded mostly by Brian and intended to follow up \"The Beach Boys Love You\" (1977). It was rejected by the record label. \"California Feeling\" – projected for release in mid-1978 once \"Adult Child\" was rejected – consisted mostly of the tracks that would",
"psg_id": "18458741"
},
{
"title": "Time Peace: The Rascals' Greatest Hits",
"text": "white soul label was well earned, \"Time Peace\" also reached number four on the Billboard Black Albums chart. It was RIAA-certified as a gold record on September 4, 1968. It also grew in critical regard; \"Rolling Stone\"'s Dave Marsh called it a \"glorious chronicle\" and Allmusic's Bruce Eder said it is \"arguably the greatest greatest-hits album of the '60s.\" US-Gold (500,000 copies sold). Time Peace: The Rascals' Greatest Hits Time Peace: The Rascals' Greatest Hits is a greatest hits album from the Rascals, released in June 1968. It reached number one on the Billboard Pop Albums chart by September 1968.",
"psg_id": "10104960"
},
{
"title": "Australian record companies in the 60s",
"text": "of the most successful Australian labels of that decade. Other significant 'indie' production houses of the period included Leopold Productions (Max Merritt, The Allusions), set up Festival's original house producer Robert Iredale, and June Productions, led by former W&G/Astor staff producer Ron Tudor, who went on to found Fable Records in 1923. Australian record companies in the 60s Independent record labels proliferated in Australia during the 1960s. The local branch of the British-owned EMI company had dominated the Australian record market since the 1920s, but in this period it faced increasing challenges from its rivals, including the Australian arm of",
"psg_id": "18151753"
}
] | [
"capitol",
"capitol (disambiguation)",
"capitole",
"the capitol",
"capitol building",
"capitols"
] |
vehicles from which country use the international registration letters ri? | [
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Indonesia All motorized vehicles including motorcycles in Indonesia are required to have registration plates. The plates must be displayed in front and at the back of the vehicles. Except for some special cases (see below), every vehicle license plate in Indonesia follows the following format: LL NNNN LL where \"L\" are letters of the Latin alphabet, and \"N\" numbers from \"0\" to \"9\" (note that the first number is never a \"0\"). The first single or double letters denote the area of registration. This is followed by numbers, which can range from one to four digits.",
"psg_id": "3742237"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "system is used for vehicles belonging to the diplomats of foreign countries with license plate from the host country. That system is host country-specific and varies largely from country to country. For example TR on a diplomatic car in the USA indicates Italian, not Turkish. Such markings in Norway are indicated with numbers only, again different from international standards (e.g. 90 means Slovakian. International vehicle registration code The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued may be indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark.",
"psg_id": "2490784"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "International vehicle registration code The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued may be indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark. The sign must be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. The sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate, or be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate. The allocation of codes is maintained by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as the \"Distinguishing Signs Used on Vehicles in International Traffic\" (sometimes abbreviated to DSIT), authorised by the UN's Geneva",
"psg_id": "2490779"
},
{
"title": "International Registration Plan",
"text": "the vehicle is valid to do business in and how much weight it is registered to carry. Two major transportation companies under IRP are U Haul and Greyhound Lines. Apportionable Vehicles: any vehicle intended for use of transporting a person for hire or property, within the contiguous United States and/or Canadian provinces, that drives on: Exceptions: recreational vehicles, vehicles displaying restricted plates, buses used in the transportation of chartered parties, government-owned vehicles International Registration Plan The International Registration Plan (IRP) is a registration reciprocity agreement between the contiguous United States and Canadian provinces, which provides apportioned payments of registration fees,",
"psg_id": "10040267"
},
{
"title": "Diplomatic vehicle registration plate",
"text": "diplomatic license plates vary from country to country. They often feature the letters \"CD\" (for \"\"Corps Diplomatique\"\"), \"D\" (for \"Diplomat\") or prefix of international organisations with diplomatic privileges, such as \"EU\" (for \"EUROPEAN UNION\") and \"OSCE\" (for \"Organization For Security And Co-operation In Europe\"). Diplomatic vehicle registration plate Most countries issue diplomatic license plates to accredited diplomats. Per the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, these are special vehicle registration plates which typically have distinctive features to allow diplomatic vehicles to be distinguished from other vehicles by police and other bodies, allowing them to give diplomatic vehicles special treatment and warning",
"psg_id": "19208539"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Israel",
"text": "with black registration number. Diplomatic/Consular Corps registration numbers consist of the letters CD/CC (respectively) and seven digits—the last two of them are 21 or 22. Private vehicles owned by a member of a diplomatic/consular mission and originally brought from the member's country of origin do not consist of the letters CD/CC, but the last two digits remain 21 or 22. Honorary consuls' vehicles carry plates consisting of the letters CC without the final digits of 21 or 22, even though the vehicle is registered under a civil registration number. The use of the 7-digit registration plate in Israel began in",
"psg_id": "12617409"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan",
"text": "letters identifying the non-individual car (for example: A 001 AA) or of a single letter identifying the area and three digits and three letters identifying the individual car (for example: A 585 CUO) Special registration plates also exist. Cars registered to non-Kazakh individuals and organizations have registration plates with black letters on a yellow background. Diplomatic vehicles use registration plates with white letters on a red background. Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan The current format of Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan uses black letters on a white background with a Kazakh Flag and the country code KZ on the left.",
"psg_id": "12946601"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe Since 2006 vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe are composed of three letters and four numbers (e.g. ABC 1234). The dimensions of Zimbabwean number plates are the same as British plates, but now use the FE-Schrift typeface, used for German vehicle registration plates. They were introduced before independence from Britain, when the country was known as Rhodesia and were not changed by the government following independence in 1980. For private vehicles, characters are in black on a yellow background, although white backgrounds were introduced in 2006. For commercial vehicles, characters are in red on a white",
"psg_id": "14306312"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use the Bengali alphabet and Bengali numerals. The current version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"city - vehicle class letter and number - vehicle number\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali letters, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali letters, the \"11\" field represents",
"psg_id": "16284064"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein are composed of two letters and up to five numbers, and in between the letters and numbers is the coat of arms of the city. The plates have white characters on a retro-reflective black background and use the same type of font as Swiss car number plates. Short-period temporary registered plates have yellow coloured font while long-periods have year bands on the right. Duty unpaid vehicles are similar to civilian vehicles but ends with \"U\" prefix. Due to the country being small in size, only around two thousand cars are",
"psg_id": "11954709"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of East Timor",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of East Timor Vehicle registration plates of East Timor are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use Australian stamping dies. East Timor requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Vehicle registration numbers consist of five digits, and display the letters TL or TLS, short for \"Timor Lorosae\", the name for East Timor in Tetum. The current format started in 2002. Government vehicles have a similar format, but with four digits and the letter 'G'. When the country was a Portuguese colony, known as Portuguese Timor, vehicle registrations followed the",
"psg_id": "16284075"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Belarus",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Belarus Belarusian vehicle registration plates are currently composed of four digits, two letters and another digit (e.g. 1234 AB-5). The first of the letters and the final digit indicate the region of Belarus in which the car was registered. Vehicles owned by foreign companies use black-on-yellow plates, and the numbers and letters appear in a different order (e.g. M 1223). The diplomatic series uses white letters on a red background, also in a different order from standard plates (e.g. CD 1234-5). Soviet-era registration plates for Belarus carried a pair of two-digit numbers followed by letters in",
"psg_id": "11942429"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia",
"text": "but are otherwise identical in both the use of numerical characters and colour schemes; however, a note to indicate codice_44 under the vehicle registration is obligatory. The stickers do not have to be removed upon re-entry into Malaysia. Entering heavy goods vehicles from Malaysia are also required to bear a separate Thai Trade Registration Number with yellow plates denoted by the codice_45 or codice_46 series. Entering Thai-registered vehicles, which use the Thai script for series letters and the province of registration on their number plates, are required to bear strips on the front and back that translate the plate information",
"psg_id": "6766037"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Czech Republic",
"text": "plates with blue letters on a white background. Foreigners (Czechoslovakia) used same plates as DC plates except they don't use DD or XX, and non-diplomatic personnel used a XX code instead. Commercial vehicles of Czechoslovakia have black letters with a yellow background, military have numbers only, rentals of Czechoslovakia have red letters on a white background (discontinued), historic vehicles use green letters on a white background (always using \"V\" as a prefix), trailers of Czechoslovakia have the district codes put in the middle (99 XXX-99 or 99 XX-99) and technical embassies use red letters on a yellow background. Vehicle registration",
"psg_id": "10037067"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Belarus",
"text": "car was registered, the second being taken from the series A, B, C, E, I, K, M, H, P, O, T, X: Vehicle registration plates of Belarus Belarusian vehicle registration plates are currently composed of four digits, two letters and another digit (e.g. 1234 AB-5). The first of the letters and the final digit indicate the region of Belarus in which the car was registered. Vehicles owned by foreign companies use black-on-yellow plates, and the numbers and letters appear in a different order (e.g. M 1223). The diplomatic series uses white letters on a red background, also in a different",
"psg_id": "11942431"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "of the member state in which the vehicle was registered. Lettering on the plate must be black on a white or yellow reflective background. According to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, vehicles in cross-border traffic are obliged to display a distinguishing sign of the country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. This sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate or may be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate. With registration plates in the common EU format, vehicles registered in the EU are no longer required to carry an international code plate or sticker for",
"psg_id": "1795222"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand",
"text": "The prefix characters are translated via code-matching into two alphanumeric Roman characters. The country name THAILAND is displayed in capital letters below the registration number, and the numerical provincial code is shown in the bottom right. The plates are black on white. They are required for transport into Burma, Cambodia, southern China, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Singapore. However, they are not legal inside Thailand, and must be removed upon re-entering the country. The current international vehicle registration code for Thailand, adopted 1954, is \"T\". The DLT's authority does not cover vehicles used by the king, the Royal Thai Police, the",
"psg_id": "11470896"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "black characters on white background, and for official vehicles white on black. On all vehicles two plates have to be present, being one in front and the other in rear except motorcycles and tractors. The serial letters use the Turkish letters except Ç, Ğ, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü. Ukrainian regular registration plates are issued in European style, using the format AB1234CE (the prefix refers to the region), using Cyrillic letters that resemble Roman letters (A, B, C, E, H, I, K, M, O, P, T, X). There were single-line plates for vehicles and trailers, double-line plates for vehicles with",
"psg_id": "1795232"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "containing the letters \"GA\" above each other. The code was two Latin letters followed by three numerals, with a safety hologram separating them. Dimensions are by . Regular military license plates receive a green strip on the left. Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country) Vehicle registration plates of Georgia are composed of an embossed serial of two letters, a hyphen, three numbers, a hyphen, and two letters (e.g. AB-123-AB), in black on a white background with a blue vertical strip on the left. The plates are issued in the Latin alphabet. Georgian registration plates are the same size as the",
"psg_id": "11998328"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Nepal",
"text": "commercial purposes have black license plates with white letters. The third part of such vehicles is ज or JA for light-vehicle and ख or KH for heavy-vehicle. The National Corporation like Nepal Telecom, Dairy Development Corporation, Nepal Electricity Authority etc. are using \"Yellow number plates\" with blue letter. Vehicles meant for transportation of tourists use green plate with white letters. Such vehicles are owned by travel agencies and hotels. Vehicles registered in Nepal under the name of foreign diplomatic agencies such as embassies, consulates, or missions use blue plates with white letters. Vehicle registration plates of Nepal In Nepal, all",
"psg_id": "16755665"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "M, diplomatique plates are white with NG wrote in red, company members vehicles are also white registration plate bearing LD letters in black. Military registration plates are red with white letter. For example, 51X-XXXX would be used for civilian vehicles, 80X-XXXX with blue background for central government vehicles, 80-NG-XXX-XX for diplomatic vehicles, TC-XX-XX for military vehicles and XXLD-XXX.XX for company vehicles. In the European Union (EU), white or yellow number plates of a common format and size are issued throughout, although they are still optional in some member states. Nevertheless, some individual member states still use differing non-EU formats -",
"psg_id": "1795220"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "Concurrent use registration A concurrent use registration, in United States trademark law, is a federal trademark registration of the same trademark to two or more unrelated parties, with each party having a registration limited to a distinct geographic area. Such a registration is achieved by filing a concurrent use application (or by converting an existing application to a concurrent use application) and then prevailing in a concurrent use proceeding before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (\"TTAB\"), which is a judicial body within the United States Patent and Trademark Office (\"USPTO\"). A concurrent use application may be filed with respect",
"psg_id": "7291713"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country) Vehicle registration plates of Georgia are composed of an embossed serial of two letters, a hyphen, three numbers, a hyphen, and two letters (e.g. AB-123-AB), in black on a white background with a blue vertical strip on the left. The plates are issued in the Latin alphabet. Georgian registration plates are the same size as the most common European registration plate. All plates have the abbreviation \"GE\" in the lower left corner of the plate and the national flag in the upper left corner. This set of new style registration plates have been in",
"psg_id": "11998323"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "and black letters, while commercial vehicles (Region name is added as prefix like \"Seoul 12 GA 3456\") with yellow background and black letters. In older system, non-commercial vehicles plates had green background and white letters. There are a few exceptions, including diplomats and United States military. Malaysian registration plates are displayed at the front and rear of all private and commercial motorised vehicles in Malaysia, as required by law. The issuing of the registration plates is regulated and administered by the Malaysian Road Transport Department () or JPJ. Nepal embossed plate was started from 2017 AD.In Nepal, all road vehicles",
"psg_id": "1795211"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Saudi Arabia",
"text": "registration plates. All plates have a white background, but several vehicle types may have a different background on the right side which contains the coat of arms, the country name abbreviation and official seal. That side has blue background for trucks and utility vehicles, yellow for public transport and taxis, and green for diplomatic vehicles. The diplomatic plates have also another row containing the C.D. and .هـ.د abbreviations, above the registration number. This renders the rows containing the registration number and its translation smaller, having a little smaller font height for letters and numbers. The letter combinations for diplomatic plates",
"psg_id": "14965248"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "use a mark within a fifty-mile radius around a handful of selected cities or counties, while the other party owns the right to use the same mark everywhere else in the country. It may even divide the rights to use a mark within a particular city by reference to roads or other landmarks in that city. The TTAB succinctly describes its territorial analysis in \"Weiner King, Inc. v. Wiener King Corp.\": The TTAB has found that in concurrent use proceedings, \"[t]he area for which registration is sought is usually more extensive than the area in which applicant is actually using",
"psg_id": "7291729"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "to a trademark which is already registered or otherwise in use by another party, but may be allowed to go forward based on the assertion that the existing use can co-exist with the new registration without causing consumer confusion. The authority for this type of registration is set forth in the Lanham Act, which permits concurrent use registration where the concurrent use applicant made a good-faith adoption of the mark prior to the registrant filing an application for registration. Such registrations are most commonly achieved by agreement of the parties involved, although the USPTO must still determine that no confusion",
"psg_id": "7291714"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "new brand name, and the registration will lapse. In other cases, the larger company will eventually acquire the smaller. A final note is that concurrent use registration was devised before the advent of the Internet, which serves to diminish geographic distinctions between sellers. John L. Welch, a Harvard-educated attorney who writes a well-known blog on the proceedings of the TTAB, has noted that \"vigorously contested proceedings may well make it clear that concurrent use registrations are, in this Internet Age, a dying breed\". Concurrent use registration A concurrent use registration, in United States trademark law, is a federal trademark registration",
"psg_id": "7291737"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "registration plates. There are six types of Russian registration plates. Vehicle registration plates are white and have three black letters followed by a space and then three digits. The combination is simply a serial and has no connection with a geographic location, although the last digit shows what month the car has to undergo vehicle inspection. Vehicles like police cars, fire trucks, public buses and trolley buses use the same type of plate as normal private cars, and cannot be directly distinguished by the plate alone. Taxis have yellow plates, with the same three letters and digits as 'normal' cars,",
"psg_id": "1795230"
},
{
"title": "International Registration Plan",
"text": "International Registration Plan The International Registration Plan (IRP) is a registration reciprocity agreement between the contiguous United States and Canadian provinces, which provides apportioned payments of registration fees, based on the total distance operated in participating jurisdictions, to them. IRP's fundamental principle is to promote and encourage the fullest possible use of the highway system. The benefit of this plan is that a carrier may be registered in only his/her home state, yet legally engage in interstate commerce. Each carrier vehicle only needs one specially marked \"Apportioned\", \"APP\", or \"PRP\" license plate, and a cab card which lists each jurisdiction",
"psg_id": "10040266"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "to acquire such a registration are set forth in the TBMP Chapter 1100. They are initiated when a concurrent use application is submitted to the USPTO, which will initiate a concurrent use proceeding to determine if the applicant is entitled to such registration. An existing application that has been denied registration because of a conflict with an existing mark may be converted into a concurrent use application against that existing mark. In either case, the applicant must assert that its mark was used in commerce before the owner of the existing registration, called the \"senior registrant\", had filed its own",
"psg_id": "7291721"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Australia",
"text": "each country has no particular relevance, and was allocated by ballot. Countries with many vehicles (such as the USA) are allocated two numbers. Before the blue D.C. plates were introduced, diplomatic cars in Canberra carried plates which had white letters on red. The numbers then correlated to the length of time the particular diplomatic mission had been in Canberra and the British High Commissioner's car proudly carried the plate D.C.1 The replacement arrangement is more egalitarian. State registration authorities issue CC plates to consular representatives in their relevant state capital. The ACT Government issues similar plates to representatives of international",
"psg_id": "3782287"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "and 1 million in 2025. The government exempted selected vehicles from registration fee and road taxes. The exemption from the registration tax ended in 2013. Battery electric vehicles have special access to parking spaces in Amsterdam, queues for which can otherwise reach up to 10 years. Free charging is offered in public parking spaces. Other factors contributing to the rapid adoption of plug-in electric vehicles are the Netherlands' small size, which reduces range anxiety; a long tradition of environmental activism; high gasoline prices ( per gallon as of January 2013); and some EV leasing programs that provide free or discounted",
"psg_id": "14464118"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "the pendency of the federal litigation, which resulted in a judgment in 1973 authorizing the Myrtle Beach hotel to use a distinctive, noninfringing Holiday Inn service mark within the Town of Myrtle Beach. The concurrent use proceeding resumed, and in 1976, the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals awarded the Myrtle Beach hotel a federal trademark registration. Even where a concurrent use registration is issued, the parties may eventually come to an agreement under which one party will surrender its registration. In some instances, a party will simply happen to cease using the mark in favor of a",
"psg_id": "7291736"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Europe",
"text": "One of the main benefits of the convention for motorists is the obligation on signatory countries to recognise the legality of vehicles from other signatory countries. The following requirements must be met when driving outside the country of registration: Vehicle registration plates of each country are described in the following table: Motorcycle plates are used for motorcycles and vehicles where mounting space is an issue, such as taxis which display their licence plate beside the registration plate, and vehicles imported from countries where the mounting space was not originally designed to take European-sized plates (e.g. USA). Vehicle registration plates of",
"psg_id": "5304620"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union Vehicle registration plates (Russian: Регистрационные знаки транспортных средств, \"Registracionny'e znaki transportny'kh sredstv\", lit. \"Registration Plates of Vehicles\") were used in the Soviet Union for registrations of automobiles, motorcycles, heavy machinery, special-use vehicles as well as construction equipment, military vehicles and trailers. Every vehicle registration plate consists of a unique registration mark (also known as a registration number) embossed on a metal plate or a plate made of other materials. All vehicles were required to display the plates on the front side and backside, with the exception of trailers and motorcycles, which were only",
"psg_id": "19836217"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "after using flat plates as a standard issue for a few years. The numbering system of registration plates also varies among the jurisdictions. Some states issue a motorist a serial that stays with that person as long as they live in that state, while other states periodically issue new serials and completely rotate out any old ones. Some states issue registration plates to vehicles rather than owners, and the serial stays with the vehicle for its life. Several states do not regularly use certain letters — most commonly the letters I, O, and/or Q — in their plates, except on",
"psg_id": "1795190"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of France",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of France Vehicle registration plates are mandatory number plates used to display the \"registration mark\" of a vehicle registered in France. They have existed in the country since 1901. It is compulsory for most motor vehicles used on public roads to display them. In French, vehicle registration plates are called ' or '. The latter makes a reference to the national mining administration, which was responsible for issuing the plates in the early 20th century. Since 1901, various systems have been successively introduced, the most recent dating from 2009. The registration plates issued since 2009 use a",
"psg_id": "5917360"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh",
"text": "letter is the \"D\" from the sample format \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\" and the vehicle class number is the \"11\" from the sample format \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\", which depends on the vehicle type. Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use the Bengali alphabet and Bengali numerals. The current version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"city - vehicle class letter and number - vehicle number\".",
"psg_id": "16284066"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "a term in the agreement that \"nothing in this agreement will preclude Amalgamated New York from conducting advertising which might enter in the State of Illinois or from dealing with customers who happen to be located in the State of Illinois.\" Courts have similarly held that a concurrent use registration does not curtail either party from advertising over the Internet, particularly where the junior user includes a disclaimer of some form on their website. A concurrent use registration can be very detailed in the geographic divisions laid down. It may, for example, allow one party to own the right to",
"psg_id": "7291728"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia",
"text": "the vehicles through the Road Transport Department and will be given RFID tags, which is only done at their land checkpoints. Those who have different set of plates, having difficulties to read or using the illegal font (FE-Schrift) will not be allowed through. Vehicles with Malaysian registration plates intended to be driven in countries beyond neighbouring countries are often required to carry an oval international number plate or sticker denoting the vehicle's country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. The current code for Malaysian international plates, introduced in 1967, is MAL. Historically, a considerable number of codes were",
"psg_id": "6766041"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "will be caused. The authority of the USPTO to issue a concurrent use registration is set forth in the Lanham Act, section 2 (d), enacted in 1947 and coded at , which states in relevant part: Through these provisions, the Act effectively places three requirements on marks for which a later applicant seeks a concurrent use registration: The statute essentially codifies the \"Tea Rose-Rectanus\" doctrine\", established by the United States Supreme Court in two cases decided in 1916 and 1918. The Court had established in those cases that a junior user of a mark that is geographically remote from the",
"psg_id": "7291715"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "applicant's registration to permit exclusive use in Maryland, and within 50 miles of the first applicant's restaurant in areas crossing into other states. Furthermore, although the general rule provides that the entire United States should be covered by the respective registrations, it is permissible for parties to a proceeding to resolve the issue of territorial rights in a way that leaves some part of the country uncovered entirely. In a contested proceeding \"In re Beatrice Foods Co.\", the court held that the senior user of a mark was entitled to a registration covering the entire United States, outside of the",
"psg_id": "7291732"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Sweden",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Sweden Vehicle registration plates of Sweden are used for most types of vehicles in Sweden. They have three letters first, a space and three digits after (e.g. ABC 123). The combination is simply a serial number and has no connection with a geographic location. The last digit is used to show what month the car has to undergo vehicle inspection. Vehicles like police cars, fire trucks, public buses and trolley buses use the same type of plate as normal private cars and cannot be directly distinguished by the plate alone. Military vehicles have special plates. Ordinary",
"psg_id": "6722171"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda Bermuda requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Since 1975 Bermudian licence plates issued to general passenger vehicles have five black digits on a plain white background (both front and rear), are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, and use British stamping dies. Non-private vehicles have licence plates with two preceding letters followed by three numbers. Personalised plates have become available that allow motorists to choose up to seven characters, overlaid on a map of the island with \"Bermuda\" printed across the top, on a North American standard",
"psg_id": "20229677"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda",
"text": "6 × 12 inches (152 × 300 mm) sized plate. Vehicle registration plates of Bermuda Bermuda requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Since 1975 Bermudian licence plates issued to general passenger vehicles have five black digits on a plain white background (both front and rear), are European standard 520 mm × 110 mm, and use British stamping dies. Non-private vehicles have licence plates with two preceding letters followed by three numbers. Personalised plates have become available that allow motorists to choose up to seven characters, overlaid on a map of the island with",
"psg_id": "20229678"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "the entire United States. Thus, the grant of a concurrent use registration carves out some geographic territory from the senior registrant's exclusive control. As 15 U.S.C. § 1052 (d) indicates, a concurrent use registration may also be issued \"when a court of competent jurisdiction has finally determined that more than one person is entitled to use the same or similar marks in commerce.\" As a matter of right, the TTAB will issue such a registration pursuant to a court order that an applicant has the right to use its mark in certain geographic area. Where a court has issued such",
"psg_id": "7291724"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Spain",
"text": "Spain before registering it in their country. The trailer plates begin with the prefix R signifying \"remolque\", the Spanish word for trailer, caravan or literally \"on tow\". The tourist plates begin with the prefix P signifying provisional, usually issued to vehicles for export or until the registration process has been completed. They are sometimes seen on manufacturer's prototypes. An additional series exists for historic vehicles with the prefix H followed by four numbers and four letters, making a nine digit plate which can be difficult to fit onto some historic vehicles. Mopeds and microcars with cylinders under 50 cc were",
"psg_id": "6110355"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "on 21 May 1977, in signatory countries it replaces previous road traffic conventions, notably the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic, in accordance with its Article 48. One of the main benefits of the convention for motorists is the obligation on signatory countries to recognize the legality of vehicles from other signatory countries. When driving in other signatory countries, the distinguishing sign of the country of registration must be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. The sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate as a white oval plate or sticker, or be incorporated in the vehicle",
"psg_id": "2490781"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia",
"text": "which Greek border guards cover the letters \"MK\" on Macedonian vehicle plates with a sticker, in Greek and English, reading: “Recognized by Greece as FYROM”. Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonian registration plates of vehicle consist of a two-letter region code, followed by a 4-digit numeric (before 2012 was 3-digits) and a 2-letter alpha code (e.g. SK 2345 MG). There is a blue field on the left side with the international country code for Macedonia - MK. License numeric code contains combination of four digits (0-9), while two letter alpha code is made of combination of letters",
"psg_id": "10263796"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho",
"text": "white-on-black and had an additional preceding 'L' which stood for Lesotho. Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho Lesotho requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Plates are blue-on-white for private vehicles and red-on-white for government vehicles. They follow the format of one or two letters followed by four numbers. Diplomatic Plates are blue-on-white however have the letters CD on them. A \"mokorotlo\", the same colour as the characters on the plate, is stuck onto the plate to show a 5-year validity period. Dealer plates are also red-on-white but do not follow the A 1234 standard",
"psg_id": "12630452"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Austria",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Austria Austrian car number plates are mandatory vehicle registration plates displaying the registration mark () of motor vehicles in Austria. They are used to verify street legality, proof of a valid liability insurance and to identify and recognise the vehicle. The license plates are made of metal; the imprinted text is in black letters and digits on a white background. Since November 1, 2002 the common design comprises a blue section on the left with the EU circle of stars and the country code ('A') like other vehicle registration plates of the European Union. On the",
"psg_id": "4891814"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Armenia",
"text": "Տ standing for transport vehicles. Armenian registration plates with region codes 22 and 90 are used in Artsakh (for example, \"(AM) 90 SO 123\"). Vehicle registration plates of Armenia Vehicle registration plates of Armenia have black characters on a rectangular white background. They are composed of two or three numbers, two letters (smaller than the digits) in the middle, and two (or three) other numbers. At the left side is located the international code \"\" with an oval car plaque and, sometimes, the national flag. Starting from 6 August 2014 a new design of license plates was implemented. The license",
"psg_id": "14964181"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Abkhazia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Abkhazia The government of the Republic of Abkhazia, which considers itself independent from Georgia, issues its own vehicle registration plates for the motor vehicles registered in the territory it controls. The design of the plates is based on that of Russian license plates, although Abkhazian plates lack the regional coding of Russian plates. The license plate serial format consists of a letter followed by three digits and then two more letters. The letters are Cyrillic, but only thirteen letters reminiscent of letters of the Latin alphabet are used: А, Б, В, Е, К, М, Н, О,",
"psg_id": "12010190"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "but without the space, and followed by a smaller T (for Taxi.) Military vehicles have four to six yellow digits on black background, and may be used for all kinds of vehicles from ordinary automobiles to tanks. Turkish car number plates use an indirect numbering system associated with the geographical info. In Turkey, registration plates are made by authorized private workshops. The registration plate is rectangular in shape and made of aluminum. On the left, there is the country code \"TR\" in a 4×10 cm blue stripe like in EU countries (without the 12 golden stars). The text is in",
"psg_id": "1795231"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Sweden",
"text": "any country acronym e.g. American diplomats don't have US as their first two letters. They're ordered by the sovereign states' name in the French language. Thus AA denotes South Africa (i.e. Afrique du Sud). AB denotes Albania (i.e. Albanie) and so forth up until DT. The three digits are just a serial number. The last letter shows what kind of task the diplomat has. The approval sticker was placed last on the right. Just like the personal plates these vehicles have a standard format registration as well, which means a re-registration is not needed if the vehicle changes owner. Taxi",
"psg_id": "6722181"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonian registration plates of vehicle consist of a two-letter region code, followed by a 4-digit numeric (before 2012 was 3-digits) and a 2-letter alpha code (e.g. SK 2345 MG). There is a blue field on the left side with the international country code for Macedonia - MK. License numeric code contains combination of four digits (0-9), while two letter alpha code is made of combination of letters using English alphabetical order. The standard registration plates of vehicle, dimensions are 520 × 110 mm. Issuance of current registration plates started from February 20,",
"psg_id": "10263793"
},
{
"title": "Ri (cuneiform)",
"text": "syllabic or alphabetic uses, as well as the [[sumerogram]] usage for \"RI\" (\"Epic of Gilgamesh\"). The ri (cuneiform) sign has the following uses in the \"Epic of Gilgamesh\": The specific usage numbers for the sign's meaning in the Epic is as follows: \"dal\"-(4), \"re\"-(56), \"ri\"-(372), \"tal\"-(70), \"ṭal\"-(2), \"RI\"-(1). In the Amarna letters, \"ri\" also has a special usage when coupled with the naming of the Pharaoh, as \"LUGAL-Ri\". Lugal is the [[sumerogram]] translated in the [[Akkadian language]] to 'King', \"Sarru\". Thus in the Amarna letters, Lugal is used as a stand-alone, but sometimes supplemented with \"Ri\", and specifically used as",
"psg_id": "17616796"
},
{
"title": "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands",
"text": "month. December sales reached a record of about 9,300 plug-in electric vehicles delivered, representing a world record market share of 23.8% of new car sales in the country. These record sales allowed the Netherlands to become the second country, after Norway, where plug-in electric cars have topped the monthly ranking of new car sales. The strong increase of plug-in car sales during the last months of 2013 was due to the end of the total exemption of the registration fee for corporate cars, which is valid for 5 years. From January 1, 2014, all-electric vehicles pay a 4% registration fee",
"psg_id": "16881644"
},
{
"title": "Antique vehicle registration",
"text": "Antique vehicle registration Antique vehicle registration is a special form of motor vehicle registration for vehicles that are considered antique, classic, vintage, or historic. Both the specific term used and the definition of a qualifying vehicle vary from country to country, as well as within a country if it is a federation. Typically, an antique vehicle is defined by its age at the time at which antique vehicle registration is sought. As examples, this age is 20 years in the U.S. state of Connecticut, 25 years in the U.S. state of Virginia, 30 years in the Australian state of Queensland,",
"psg_id": "6736202"
},
{
"title": "Antique vehicle registration",
"text": "Antique vehicle registration Antique vehicle registration is a special form of motor vehicle registration for vehicles that are considered antique, classic, vintage, or historic. Both the specific term used and the definition of a qualifying vehicle vary from country to country, as well as within a country if it is a federation. Typically, an antique vehicle is defined by its age at the time at which antique vehicle registration is sought. As examples, this age is 20 years in the U.S. state of Connecticut, 25 years in the U.S. state of Virginia, 30 years in the Australian state of Queensland,",
"psg_id": "6736195"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "use since 1 September 2014. A new, European-style of registration plate was introduced on 1 September 2014. These have sets of two letters first and last (like Italian registration plates), with three numerals in the middle. A blue strip on the left contains the Georgian flag and a \"GE\", and there is a small security hologram on the bottom right. As additional security features, the plates have a watermark-like symbol of the LEPL Service Agency of MIA of Georgia and a machine-readable data matrix code near the hologram. The old style plates with three letters, a hyphen and three numbers",
"psg_id": "11998324"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand",
"text": "Bureau of the Royal Household, or the Royal Thai Armed Forces. These vehicles are marked by plates governed by their respective organizations. Vehicles owned by the Bureau of Royal Household have registration plates bearing the letters ร.ย.ล. (short for ราชยานยนต์หลวง, \"royal motor vehicle\") and a registration number, usually in white on a black background. Vehicles owned by the king usually bear standard registration plates but with the reserved series prefixes of \"1ด\" or \"ดส\". Vehicles owned by the Royal Thai Police usually have registration plates bearing the police emblem followed by the registration number. The colors are white on a",
"psg_id": "11470897"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "was introduced with the introduction of the Business Partner Automation program (BPA), which allowed participating dealerships to file registrations electronically. The vast majority of vehicles registered in California are via third party transactions, where the vehicle is sold from one entity to another, without the use of a dealership. The registration of vehicles sold in this manner is done through local DMV branches or through the use of independent \"Registration Service Providers\". Anyone who has applied for or received a vehicle registration must notify DMV of a new residence within 10 days or face a typical fine of $178. Motor",
"psg_id": "7725618"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "or to a collateral challenge in a United States District Court. Perhaps the most notable instance of a continuing concurrent use registration is that of Holiday Inn. Although the national chain owns numerous trademark registrations, there is one registration for an unrelated \"Holiday Inn\" which is \"restricted to the area comprising the town of Myrtle Beach, S.C.\". The Myrtle Beach hotel had used that name since the 1940s, and initiated a concurrent use proceeding in 1970. While this proceeding was pending, the national chain commenced an action in the United States District Court. The concurrent use proceeding was suspended during",
"psg_id": "7291735"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Brunei",
"text": "white letters/numbers on black background like any private registered cars. However, the numbering system is different from private vehicles as all military vehicles are registered with a MOD1111x number, where MOD stands for Ministry of Defence, 1111 is the number with any leading zeros being omitted and x is a letter denoting which branch of the military it is registered under. LTD Issues New Registration Numbers - last retrieved 13 June 2008 Vehicle registration plates of Brunei License plates are displayed on all motorized road vehicles in Brunei, as required by law. The issue of license plates is regulated and",
"psg_id": "12308509"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "the Tennessee Department of Safety. Passenger and commercial vehicles must be registered as a condition of use on a public road. Vehicles not used on public roads, such as tractors or vehicles whose use is limited to private property, are not always required to be registered. Vehicle registration laws vary from state-to-state. There are different types of vehicle registration including: Antique, Combo, Apportioned, Commercial, and SUB. In most U.S. states, a liability insurance policy that meets the state's auto insurance requirements must be purchased before a vehicle may be registered through the department of motor vehicles. Registration is handled by",
"psg_id": "7725616"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Namibia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Namibia Vehicle registration plates of Namibia are yellow fluorescent metal plates with imprints in black. The standard version is uniform throughout the country, and carries one of the following forms: The first letter is always \"N\" for Namibia. The last one or two letters indicate the town or region the car originates from. In between, numbers are issued sequentially within each region, starting with single-digit numbers, and increasing in length as required. The vast majority of vehicles are registered in the capital, Windhoek, and require six digits; most other regions are currently using 3 or 4",
"psg_id": "11679291"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Isle of Man",
"text": "registered vehicles in the Isle of Man. Number plates are produced and supplied privately, not by the government. The name of the supplying car dealer is often displayed along the bottom of the plate. Registrations can be transferred from vehicle to vehicle. The official car of the Lieutenant Governor carries the registration number MAN-1. Registrations including the numbers 999 or 112 (for example, BMN-999-A) are used for emergency vehicles, but not exclusively. Trade plates have red letters on a white background, and display a number prefixed by MNA. Vehicle registration plates of the Isle of Man Vehicle registration began in",
"psg_id": "11769800"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina vehicle registration plates have held their current form since 1998. Currently the Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) vehicle registration plate format consists of seven characters: five numbers and two letters arranged in the following order: X00-X-000 (taxis: TA-000000). The plates are uniform across the country and do not denote the place (town, municipality, canton, or entity) where the vehicle is registered, as was the case prior to 1998. Likewise the plates do not contain any heraldic symbols. The plates use only letters which are represented equally in Latin and Cyrillic script",
"psg_id": "10552945"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Norway",
"text": "other letters or numbers; an exception is that CNG vehicles such as gas buses use \"GA\". M and W were originally not used as they are much wider than other letters, but some codes including W are now assigned. The Norwegian letters Æ, Ø, and Å are not used either. Additionally, the combinations \"NS\" and \"SS\" have been omitted because of their connotations to World War II. (Although SS is in use on four-digit plates used for motorcycles, tractors and trailers etc.) When a vehicle is scrapped or exported, the registration number/chassis is tagged as such, and the vehicle is",
"psg_id": "5872674"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Montenegro",
"text": "municipality where the vehicle was registered in, then the coat-of-arms of Montenegro following by the registration code, which generally consists of two letters followed by three numbers. However, with an additional payment, it is possible to obtain the customized plates with any letter-number combination. Letters I and O are omitted in serial combinations because to the similarity with numbers 1 and 0, but they can be used on a customized plate amongst other letters which are omitted: W, X, Y, Q and Serbo-Croatian Latin Alphabet letters(Č,Ć,Š,Đ,Ž). Police vehicles have plates with blue letters, while military vehicles have plates with green",
"psg_id": "7168476"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom",
"text": "registration. The available range was then codice_33 to codice_34, the numbers 1–20 being held back for the government's proposed, and later implemented, DVLA select registration sales scheme. Towards the mid-1990s there was some discussion about introducing a unified scheme for Europe, which would also incorporate the country code of origin of the vehicle, but after much debate such a scheme was not adopted because of lack of countries willing to participate. The changes in 1983 also brought the letter Q into use – although on a very small and limited scale. It was used on vehicles of indeterminate age, such",
"psg_id": "16685409"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "the Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use Bengali alphabets and Bengali numerals. The current version of Vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The International vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"City - Vehicle Class alphabet and No - Vehicle No\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali alphabets, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali alphabets, the \"11\" field represents the vehicle registration serial in Bengali numerals (newer registrations",
"psg_id": "1795195"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "an agreement is that the parties can agree to terms beyond the scope of the TTAB's decision, such as specific restrictions on time and place of advertising, or modifications to the appearance of either mark. However, irrespective of the agreement reached, the TTAB must still make an independent finding that no consumer confusion is likely to result from the concurrent use registration. Even if both parties assert that no confusion is likely, the TTAB may still make findings of fact which demonstrate that confusion is likely, and deny registration to the junior user of the mark. A pivotal factor in",
"psg_id": "7291726"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Gambia",
"text": "would denote Banjul), followed by four numbers and another letter. Motorbikes under the current scheme swap the final letter for 'MC' (which stands for Motorcycle). From 1999 the current white-on-black colour scheme was introduced, which is similar to an older scheme dating from before independence. The MC in motorcycle plates was moved to the front. Diplomatic plates are white-on-green. Three letters which denote the country or organization are followed by two numbers and 'CD'. Vehicle registration plates of the Gambia Number plates of the Gambia are the same size as their British counterparts and generally use a similar font, although",
"psg_id": "14396460"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Turkmenistan",
"text": "Cyrillic letters indicating where the vehicle was first registered. 1994 saw the introduction of the current format, which is intended to comply more closely with international norms. Major changes include the switch from Cyrillic letters to Latin, and the presence of the Turkmen flag with the two-letter country code TM on the left of the plate. Unusually, the alphanumerics are rendered in a mix of DIN 1451 and the unnamed font formerly used on French registration plates. The current format is: XX 99 99 XX while the last two letters is based on geographic location. Diplomatic plates are blue with",
"psg_id": "16833478"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "Electric car use by country Electric car use by country varies worldwide, as the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is affected by consumer demand, market prices and government incentives. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are generally divided into all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), that run only on batteries, and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), that combine battery power with internal combustion engines. The popularity of electric vehicles has been expanding rapidly due to government subsidies, their increased range and lower battery costs, and environmental sensitivity. However, the stock of plug-in electric cars represented just about 1 out of every 300 motor vehicles",
"psg_id": "14464068"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "first digits, see below: The self-proclaimed republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia issue their own registration plates: Russian-style plates in Abkhazia and Soviet-style plates in South Ossetia. Since 2004 these registration plates are forbidden to be used on the territory controlled by the government of Georgia; while the Georgian plates are not allowed to be used on the territory controlled by republics. Thus most cars that cross the boundaries of the unrecognised republics have to use Russian registration plates. As of 2011, military police patrol vehicle plates were black with white letters, with a narrow yellow strip on the left",
"psg_id": "11998327"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Madagascar",
"text": "letters are assigned consecutively for approved vehicles. Vehicles government departments have awarded red flags are like the normal license plate with black or white text, numbers and letter combinations. Vehicle registration plates of Madagascar The vehicle registration plates of Madagascar are created in 1950 from time to time with the revised version in 2014. It contains a black plate consisting with white characters with the current format (1234 XAB) with 4 random numbers, with the first letter as a province code, and the last 2 random letters. The license plate system of Madagascar draws on the system of France actively",
"psg_id": "19320880"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Japan",
"text": "sold for scrap, or exported. New vehicles are not delivered to the purchaser until the plates have been attached at the dealership. Since November 1, 1970, a \"jiko-shiki\" (字光式) plate has been offered for private vehicles at the owner's request. The green characters on this type of plate are replaced with molded green plastic that can be illuminated from behind the plate. From May 19, 1998, specific numbers can also be requested if the numbers are not already in use. From 2010, these are also available in blue.version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code",
"psg_id": "3563116"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Czech Republic",
"text": "Czech Republic kept issuing the old one until 2001. In the old system, the two first letters represented the district (\"okres\"). Registrations in Prague began with A, while the vehicles used by the government had registration plates beginning with AA. XX-NN-NN or XXX-NN-NN XX NN-NN or XXX NN-NN Commercially used vehicles and heavy goods vehicle had a yellow background. Vehicles with foreign owners had a blue background and yellow letters. Until 2001 diplomatic plates (as well as those on cars owned by foreign residents) in the Czech Republic used a blue background with yellow letters. These have been replaced by",
"psg_id": "10037066"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Cyprus",
"text": "the civilian vehicles, except with prefix \"ZZ\" and blue letters. Since 2004 they are no longer issued. Temporary follows the format of the civilian vehicles except with \"ZT\" prefix and blue letters, with addition of the prefix in after numbers. Previously, the presidential plate had no serial numbers but just the abbreviation of KKTCB () However, this was changed in 2015, with the coat of arms being displayed in gold on a red plate. Vehicle registration plates of Cyprus The vehicle registration plates of Cyprus are composed of three letters and three digits (e.g. \"ABC 123\"). A simple incremental numbering",
"psg_id": "12009651"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Barbados",
"text": "outside Barbados is 'BDS'. Owners may use white on black plates, front and rear, or black on white (front) and yellow(rear). Vehicle registration plates of Barbados Barbadian Vehicle registration plates consist of letters and numbers. The Barbados Licensing Authority issues licence plates to all new motor vehicle owners. Each licence plate has one or two letters which represents the part of the island which the vehicle's owner resides or previously resided at the time the vehicle was registered. The first part consists of one or two letters which determine the part of the island the registration is from, or category",
"psg_id": "9096136"
},
{
"title": "Ri (cuneiform)",
"text": "Ri (cuneiform) [[File:B142ellst.png|437px|left|thumb|Cuneiform sign for ri, re, dal, tal, ṭal, and as [[sumerogram]] RI, (sign uses from the \"[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]\").]] [[File:Amarna letter mp3h8878.jpg|thumb|right|315px|[[Amarna letter EA 365]]-(\"Reverse\"), [[Biridiya]] to Pharaoh, \"\"Furnishing [[Corvée]] Workers\"\", with usage of cuneiform re in the spelling of \"erēsu\", \"to cultivate\" ([[te (cuneiform)|te]]-[[ir (cuneiform)|er]]-ri-šu-[[na (cuneiform)|na]]), 3rd character, 6th line from top (line 365:20). <br>(high resolution, expandible photo)]] The [[cuneiform]] Ri sign, or Re, is found in both the 14th-century BC [[Amarna letters]] and the \"[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]\"; it is in the top 25 most used cuneiform signs (Buccellati, 1979) for \"ri\", or \"re\", but has other",
"psg_id": "17616795"
},
{
"title": "Aircraft registration",
"text": "Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), signed in 1944, requires that all aircraft engaged in international air navigation bears its appropriate nationality and registration marks. Upon registration, the aircraft receives its unique \"registration\", which must be displayed prominently on the aircraft. Annex 7 to the Chicago Convention describes the definitions, location, and measurement of nationality and registration marks. The aircraft registration is made up of a prefix selected from the country's callsign prefix allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (making the registration a quick way of determining the country of origin) and the registration suffix. Depending on the",
"psg_id": "5699824"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Russia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Russia Vehicle registration plates are the mandatory number plates used to display the registration mark of a vehicle, and have existed in Russia for many decades. Most motor vehicles which are used on public roads are required by law to display them. Having them covered by snow or mud constitutes an administrative offense, that leads to a fine. So does covering them with a piece of paper, or any other tool that makes any of the digits and letters illegible. The current format uses a letter followed by 3 digits and two more letters. To improve",
"psg_id": "8021036"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "between and depending on battery capacity. Several states have established additional incentives. The government pledged in federal grants to support the development of next-generation transport, and million for the installation of charging infrastructure. Electric car use by country Electric car use by country varies worldwide, as the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is affected by consumer demand, market prices and government incentives. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are generally divided into all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), that run only on batteries, and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), that combine battery power with internal combustion engines. The popularity of electric vehicles has been",
"psg_id": "14464143"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Austria",
"text": "reserved for vehicles, the second one was the serial, when they run out of serials they began to issue codice_27. The background is black with white characters for private vehicles (unknown for all other vehicles). One or two letters are the prefixes set by state and federals, they are: Information with images about license plates With a lot of examples. Vehicle registration plates of Austria Austrian car number plates are mandatory vehicle registration plates displaying the registration mark () of motor vehicles in Austria. They are used to verify street legality, proof of a valid liability insurance and to identify",
"psg_id": "4891818"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Ontario",
"text": "North America. Plates are produced by the Waldale Manufacturing facility in Amherst, Nova Scotia. Plates from the first batch of 35,000 can be identified due to the use of embossed letters and numbers from Nova Scotia plates, which differ in appearance from Ontarian fonts. Vehicle registration plates of Ontario The Canadian province of Ontario first required its residents to register their motor vehicles in 1903. Registrants provided their own licence plates for display until 1911, when the province began to issue plates. Plates are currently issued by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario (MTO). The location of plates and renewal",
"psg_id": "11832632"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malta",
"text": "allocated randomly chosen marks, except that the first letter shows in which month the vehicle's annual tax disc is due for renewal. The following is a table of letters by month: These plates may be also personalised in 2 ways: Either in the XXX999 format (€200) Or any combination from 1–9 characters and/or numbers which would cost €1500. A calesse, a type of horse carriage, had to be registered at the Castellania by the 19th century and use registration plates with black and white colours. Motor vehicles were intruduced in Malta around World War I in 1914. These were considered",
"psg_id": "7002662"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Lesotho Lesotho requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Plates are blue-on-white for private vehicles and red-on-white for government vehicles. They follow the format of one or two letters followed by four numbers. Diplomatic Plates are blue-on-white however have the letters CD on them. A \"mokorotlo\", the same colour as the characters on the plate, is stuck onto the plate to show a 5-year validity period. Dealer plates are also red-on-white but do not follow the A 1234 standard and do not show the \"mokorotlo\". Before 1979, private plates were",
"psg_id": "12630451"
},
{
"title": "Ri (cuneiform)",
"text": "sumerogram \"SÀR\" (an equivalent sumerogram to mean LUGAL) to be combined with \"RI\" to make \"sarru\" for king. ('The King', as an appellation is sometimes created by adding [[ma (cuneiform)]], suffix to the end of a name (Lugal-ma.) [[Category:Akkadian language]] [[Category:Cuneiform signs, Amarna letters]] Ri (cuneiform) [[File:B142ellst.png|437px|left|thumb|Cuneiform sign for ri, re, dal, tal, ṭal, and as [[sumerogram]] RI, (sign uses from the \"[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]\").]] [[File:Amarna letter mp3h8878.jpg|thumb|right|315px|[[Amarna letter EA 365]]-(\"Reverse\"), [[Biridiya]] to Pharaoh, \"\"Furnishing [[Corvée]] Workers\"\", with usage of cuneiform re in the spelling of \"erēsu\", \"to cultivate\" ([[te (cuneiform)|te]]-[[ir (cuneiform)|er]]-ri-šu-[[na (cuneiform)|na]]), 3rd character, 6th line from top (line",
"psg_id": "17616797"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "production vehicles that can be registered anywhere in the EC; the other schemes, known as National Small Series Type Approval (which consists of the SVA/ESVA) and the Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA), are intended for vehicles that are to be registered in the UK. Of necessity—since EC registered vehicles may circulate freely in any EC country—these are broadly similar to registration requirements and procedures in other EC countries, although some authorities may be reluctant to admit prototypes or low-volume vehicles without very stringent testing. Registration of motorised road vehicles in India is done by local Regional Transport Offices of the states.",
"psg_id": "7725613"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "registration plate. When the distinguishing sign is incorporated in the registration plate, it must also appear on the front registration plate of the vehicle. The requirement to display a separate distinguishing sign is not necessary within the European Economic Area, for vehicles with license plates in the common EU format which satisfy the requirements of the Vienna Convention, and so are also valid in non-EU countries signatory to the convention. Separate signs are also not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration",
"psg_id": "2490782"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Lithuania",
"text": "the European Union. Until 2004 the second of the three letters in each registration mark indicated the geographical administrative area in which the vehicle had been registered, as follows: Vehicles issued temporary registration in Lithuania are noted by red alphanumeric characters on white background. Reserved and used by diplomatic corps. Have green background and white letters. The letters are grouped 01 3 123 and do not have blue sidebar on the left side of the plates. First two numbers denote embassy codes: Taxicabs have special plates, with yellow background and black text. The first letter is \"T\" (corresponds to the",
"psg_id": "11346393"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of South Ossetia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of South Ossetia The government of South Ossetia issues its own license plates for the vehicles registered on the territory it controls. The design of the plates is based on one of the Soviet standard for license plates (GOST 3207-77). The license plates are black-on-white. The standard format is four digits followed by Cyrillic letters ЮОР (Юго-Осетинская Республика, Russian for \"South Ossetian Republic\"). This system provides just 9999 possible combinations. Newer system uses format like in Russian license plates: One letter, three digits and two letters with South Ossetian country flag and country code \"RSO\" in it.",
"psg_id": "12010258"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom",
"text": "minibus was codice_83. Royal Air Force vehicles had numbers such as codice_84, typically the first of the two letters being A, and the new-style RAF plates, such as codice_85 and codice_86 on fire engines. Military number plates are still often in the silver/white on black scheme used for civilian plates before 1973, and can be presented in one, two or three rows of characters. From 1963 until around 1990, in West Germany, private vehicles owned by members of British Forces Germany and their families were issued registration numbers in a unique format (initially two letters followed by three digits plus",
"psg_id": "16685425"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Cape Verde",
"text": "\"CMP 12\" where CMP stands for \"Câmara Municipal da Praia\". In adaption to the European system, registration plates can also be decorated with variations of the national flag of Cape Verde on the left. The font of the plates (at least of private vehicles) can be freely chosen. The official car of the president of the republic is registered as \"PR CV\". Other government vehicles have yellow plates with black letters, sometimes with the letter \"G\" added at the end. For special vehicles, green and red plates with white letters are issued. Vehicle registration plates of Cape Verde The license",
"psg_id": "10483100"
},
{
"title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States",
"text": "a new methodology developed by FHWA. Data for these years are based on new categories and \"are not comparable to previous years\"\". Third, the government can include vehicles not in use, or double-count vehicles that have been transferred across two states. According to the FHWA Office of Highway Policy Information], \"Although many States continue to register specific vehicle types on a calendar year basis, all States use some form of the \"staggered\" system to register motor vehicles. \"Registration practices for commercial vehicles differ greatly among States\". The FHWA data include all vehicles which have been registered at any time throughout",
"psg_id": "7989180"
}
] | [
"unitary state of republic of indonesia",
"indonesian republic",
"indonesia",
"iso 3166-1:id",
"the world's most populous muslim nation",
"unitary state of republic of indonesia",
"indonezio",
"wildlife of indonesia",
"indonnesia",
"indoneshia",
"etymology of indonesia",
"republic of indonesia",
"indonesia, republic of",
"unitary state of the republic of indonesia",
"indonesia",
"indonesie",
"indonesian government",
"ecology of indonesia",
"indnonesia",
"republic of indonesia",
"unitary state of the republic of indonesia",
"indonesian empire",
"indonésie",
"indonisia",
"republik indonesia"
] |
whose musical works included composition for orchestra and philomel? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Philomel (musical instrument)",
"text": "The philomel, never used in the orchestra, is considered by some the instrument of the dilettanti, frequently played in Germany with the bowed zither. The accordance of the philomel is the same as for the violin; the timbre is shrill and crystal-like. There is also an alto philomel corresponding to the viola. The is similar to the philomel, and has four steel strings of the same accordance as the violin, but arranged in inverse order; instead of being held like the violin and philomel, under the chin, it is placed on the knees of the performer, so that a hook",
"psg_id": "7147499"
},
{
"title": "Philomel (musical instrument)",
"text": "under the fingerboard rests against the table. Philomel also is another name for the nightingale, which perhaps is where the instrument gets its name. Philomel (musical instrument) Philomel (; or \"Stahlgeige\" ) is the name of a musical instrument similar to the violin, but having four steel, wire strings. It has been invented around Monaco di Baviera in the middle of the nineteenth century and has got some similarities with the Bowedmelodion also known as Streichmelodion The philomel has a body with incurvations similar to those of the guitar; therefore, without corner blocks, the outline of the upper lobe forms",
"psg_id": "7147500"
},
{
"title": "Philomel (musical instrument)",
"text": "Philomel (musical instrument) Philomel (; or \"Stahlgeige\" ) is the name of a musical instrument similar to the violin, but having four steel, wire strings. It has been invented around Monaco di Baviera in the middle of the nineteenth century and has got some similarities with the Bowedmelodion also known as Streichmelodion The philomel has a body with incurvations similar to those of the guitar; therefore, without corner blocks, the outline of the upper lobe forms a wavy shoulder reminiscent of the viols but more ornate and fanciful. The peg-box sometimes terminates in a fancy head instead of a scroll.",
"psg_id": "7147498"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "work consisting of music, exclusive of any words or action intended to be sung, spoken or performed with the music.\" In India The Copy Right Act, 1957 prevailed for original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic work till the Copyright (Amendment) Act, 1984 was introduced. Under the amended act, a new definition has been provided for musical work which states \"musical works means a work consisting of music and included any graphi notation of such work but does not included any words or any action intended to be sung, spoken or performed with the music.\" Musical composition Musical composition can refer",
"psg_id": "589965"
},
{
"title": "Philomel (Babbitt)",
"text": "and song and uses word-music puns which were not achievable without the use of the synthesizer. The composition is \"a re-interpretation of a scena drammatica with its distinct recitative–arioso–aria layout\". Philomel (Babbitt) Philomel, a serial composition composed in 1964, combines synthesizer with both live and recorded soprano voice. It is Milton Babbitt’s best-known work and was planned as a piece for performance at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, funded by the Ford Foundation and commissioned for soprano Bethany Beardslee. Babbitt created \"Philomel\" in the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, of which he was a founding member. The three sections of the",
"psg_id": "11564178"
},
{
"title": "Philomel (Babbitt)",
"text": "Philomel (Babbitt) Philomel, a serial composition composed in 1964, combines synthesizer with both live and recorded soprano voice. It is Milton Babbitt’s best-known work and was planned as a piece for performance at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, funded by the Ford Foundation and commissioned for soprano Bethany Beardslee. Babbitt created \"Philomel\" in the Columbia-Princeton Electronic Music Center, of which he was a founding member. The three sections of the piece are based on Ovid’s myth of Philomela, a maiden without the capability of speech, her escape from King Tereus, and her transformation into a nightingale. In the second section,",
"psg_id": "11564173"
},
{
"title": "Chinese orchestra",
"text": "works may utilise Western musical composition techniques, as well as the inclusion of Western instruments like cello, double bass, harp and Western percussion. This is not a complete list of all musical works written for modern Chinese orchestra. Musical works that are written for modern Chinese orchestra are influenced by the musical structures, composition techniques, music theories, etc. of Western orchestral music. These compositions include parts scored for Western instruments, such as cello, double bass, harp and Western percussion. As mentioned above, the development of the modern Chinese orchestra itself in the 20th century was based on the foundation laid",
"psg_id": "4520118"
},
{
"title": "Ciutat de Tarragona International Award for Musical Composition",
"text": "Prize-winners include: Ciutat de Tarragona International Award for Musical Composition The Ciutat de Tarragona International Award for Musical Composition (formerly known as \"Tarragona International Musical Composition Prize\" or \"Ciutat de Tarragona International Composition Competition\") is a composition competition taking place yearly in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain), organized by the Tarragona City Council. It was founded in 1993, and was accepted into the World Federation of International Music Competitions in 1996. The competition is open to all composers, regardless of nationality or age. Symphonic works with or without soloists (up to a maximum of 3 are allowed) and with or without electro-acoustic",
"psg_id": "14847818"
},
{
"title": "Ciutat de Tarragona International Award for Musical Composition",
"text": "Ciutat de Tarragona International Award for Musical Composition The Ciutat de Tarragona International Award for Musical Composition (formerly known as \"Tarragona International Musical Composition Prize\" or \"Ciutat de Tarragona International Composition Competition\") is a composition competition taking place yearly in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain), organized by the Tarragona City Council. It was founded in 1993, and was accepted into the World Federation of International Music Competitions in 1996. The competition is open to all composers, regardless of nationality or age. Symphonic works with or without soloists (up to a maximum of 3 are allowed) and with or without electro-acoustic devices are",
"psg_id": "14847816"
},
{
"title": "Hexameron (musical composition)",
"text": "Horowitz, Ingolf Wunder, Raymond Lewenthal, Leslie Howard, Francesco Nicolosi and Marc-André Hamelin, among others, have recorded the piece. Liszt made arrangements of the piece for piano and orchestra (S.365b) and for two pianos (S.654). Pianists Ingolf Wunder, Leslie Howard and Eugene List recorded the orchestral version. In 2009, six New York-based composer-pianists–Matthew Cameron, Corbin Beisner, Simone Ferraresi, Quentin Kim, Greg Anderson, and Hwaen Chu'qi–created their own \"Hexameron Variations\" based on the same Bellini \"March\". It premiered at the 2010 American Liszt Society Festival in Lincoln, Nebraska, US. Hexameron (musical composition) Hexaméron, Morceau de concert S.392 is a collaborative composition for",
"psg_id": "8799569"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "consists of music, including any accompanying words, and is normally registered as a work of the performing arts. The author of a musical composition is generally the composer, and the lyricists if any. A musical composition may be in the form of a notated copy (for example sheet music) in the form of a...record (for example cassette tape, LP, or CD). Sending a musical composition in the form of a phonorecord does not necessarily mean that there is a claim to copy right in the sound recording.\" \"Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988\" defines a musical work to mean \"a",
"psg_id": "589964"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "Musical composition Musical composition can refer to an original piece of music, either a song or an instrumental music piece, the structure of a musical piece, or the process of creating or writing a new song or piece of music. The word \"song\" is widely misused by people in the popular music industry to describe any musical composition, whether sung or played only by instruments. People who create new compositions are called composers in classical music. In popular music and traditional music, the creators of new songs are usually called songwriters; with songs, the person who writes new words for",
"psg_id": "589943"
},
{
"title": "HMNZS Philomel",
"text": "Navy.\" In October 1941, on the creation of the Royal New Zealand Navy, HMS \"Philomel\" was recommissioned as the training base HMNZS \"Philomel\". Because of wartime demands for increased training many of her training functions were transferred, along with the ship's main mast, to a new base HMNZS \"Tamaki\" situated at Motuihe Island. Over the years \"Philomel\" sprouted many creative additions on her decks in an effort to provide more space for her operations. These physical extensions then spilled over to the use of onshore buildings. In January 1947 the boat \"Philomel\" was finally decommissioned and HMNZS \"Philomel\" became a",
"psg_id": "11405666"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "there are many forms of musical composition. To some degree this is on account of there being many musical styles prevalent in different regions of the country, such as Hindustani music, Carnatic music, Bengali music, and so forth. Another important influence in composition is its link with folk music, both indigenous and also from musical culture of Arabia, Persia, and Bengal. In the Hindustani musical tradition, Drupad (originally in Sanskrit and later adaptations in Hindi and Braj Bhasha) is among one of the ancient compositions and had formed the base for other forms in this music tradition such as khyal,",
"psg_id": "589953"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "the composer or publisher's compositions. The license is \"compulsory\" because the copyright owner cannot refuse or set terms for the license. Copyright collectives also typically manage the licensing of public performances of compositions, whether by live musicians or by transmitting sound recordings over radio or the Internet. Even though the first US copyright laws did not include musical compositions, they were added as part of the Copyright Act of 1831. According to the circular issued by United States Copy Right Office on Copy Right Registration of Musical Compositions and Sound Recordings, a musical composition is defined as \"A musical composition",
"psg_id": "589963"
},
{
"title": "Music for Orchestra",
"text": "work, saying, \"Written during a time of personal emotional upheaval, Music for Orchestra is a concise, inventive, exuberantly orchestrated canvas of distress.\" A recording of Music for Orchestra, performed by the London Symphony Orchestra under Goldsmith, was released February 26, 2002 through Telarc and features Goldsmith's other orchestral works \"Christus Apollo\" and \"\". Music for Orchestra Music for Orchestra is a one-movement orchestral composition by the American composer Jerry Goldsmith. The piece was commissioned by Leonard Slatkin and the St. Louis Symphony in 1970 and premiered later that year. Lasting roughly eight minutes in performance, the dodecaphonic Music for Orchestra",
"psg_id": "18603803"
},
{
"title": "Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra",
"text": "Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra is an avant-garde musical composition written by William Russo in 1968. It combines classical music played by an orchestra with blues played by a four-piece band. \"Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra\" was recorded in 1972 by the San Francisco Symphony and the Siegel–Schwall Band, conducted by Seiji Ozawa. When the album was released the following year by Deutsche Grammophon, it became one of the company's best selling records, reaching number 21 on the \"Billboard\" Jazz Chart and number 105 on the",
"psg_id": "15880047"
},
{
"title": "Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra",
"text": "Stuart Canin – solo violin on \"2nd Part\" \"An American in Paris\" (George Gershwin) Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra is an avant-garde musical composition written by William Russo in 1968. It combines classical music played by an orchestra with blues played by a four-piece band. \"Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra\" was recorded in 1972 by the San Francisco Symphony and the Siegel–Schwall Band, conducted by Seiji Ozawa. When the album was released the following year by Deutsche Grammophon, it became one of the company's best selling",
"psg_id": "15880054"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra",
"text": "piece whose motives mysteriously soften in its slow movement to form a psalm of some beauty—although its beauty seems self-conscious because atmospherically it emphatically suggests the woodland scene from Ravel's \"L'enfant et les sortilèges\".\" Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra The Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra is a composition for solo cello, piano, and a large string orchestra by the American composer Ralph Shapey. The work was composed for the cellist Joel Krosnick and the pianist Gilbert Kalish and was first performed at Tanglewood in 1989. It was first performed by Krosnick, Kalish, and the Berkshire Music",
"psg_id": "19309471"
},
{
"title": "Symphony for Organ and Orchestra (Copland)",
"text": "Symphony for Organ and Orchestra (Copland) Aaron Copland wrote the Symphony for Organ and Orchestra in 1924. It represents a major work in the composer's oeuvre, as it was his first fully realized orchestral work, his first work for organ, and the first piece whose orchestration he heard. In 1928, Copland re-orchestrated the work without organ as his Symphony No. 1, rewriting the organ part in the brass and adding saxophone. Copland studied composition in Paris from 1921 to 1924 under famed pedagogue Nadia Boulanger. He was especially appreciative of the confidence she displayed in her young American students, and",
"psg_id": "17988236"
},
{
"title": "HMNZS Philomel",
"text": "HMNZS Philomel HMNZS \"Philomel\" is the main administrative naval base of the Royal New Zealand Navy. Originally a training base on board the cruiser it takes its name from, it is part of the Devonport Naval Base in North Shore City, Auckland, New Zealand. The naval base was founded in 1921 when the New Zealand Division of the Royal Navy was first formed. The old cruiser HMS \"Philomel\", with her engines and armament removed, was moored at the Admiralty reservation, Devonport Dockyard, Auckland, and re-commissioned as a naval training base. HMS \"Philomel\" has been described as the \"Cradle of the",
"psg_id": "11405665"
},
{
"title": "Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra",
"text": "music. The following year, Ozawa conducted a performance of William Russo's Symphony No. 2, \"Titans\", at the Ravinia Festival. Shortly after that, Russo was commissioned to write and orchestrate the composition that became \"Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra\". Russo consulted with Siegel when writing this work. While the orchestral parts are fully delineated, the blues band parts are more broadly outlined, leaving significant room for musical improvisation. \"Three Pieces for Blues Band and Symphony Orchestra\" was first performed at the Ravinia Festival on July 7, 1968 by the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Ozawa, and the Siegel–Schwall",
"psg_id": "15880049"
},
{
"title": "Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra",
"text": "Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra The Tirol Concerto for Piano and Orchestra (also known as the Piano Concerto No. 1) is a piano concerto by Philip Glass. The composer wrote the work in 2000. On commission by the Festival Klangspuren in Stuttgart, it was written for the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra. It is one of eight concerti in Glass' series \"The Concerto Project\", an amalgamation of works in four volumes.The concerto is said to be based on actual Austrian music. The piece is scored for solo piano, accompanied by string orchestra. Surprisingly small scale for Glass, whose other symphonic work",
"psg_id": "15562352"
},
{
"title": "HMS Philomel (1890)",
"text": "Coromandel and Philomel. Her crest is mounted to the gate of the Devonport Naval Base. HMS Philomel (1890) HMS \"Philomel, later HMNZS \"Philomel, was a \"Pearl\"-class cruiser. She was the fifth ship of that name and served with the Royal Navy. After her commissioning in 1890, she served on the Cape of Good Hope Station and later with the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1914, she was loaned to New Zealand for service with what would later become the Royal New Zealand Navy. During the early stages of the First World War she performed convoy escort duties and then carried out operations",
"psg_id": "11397863"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "composer is trying to convey within the work. Arranging is composition which employs prior material so as to comment upon it such as in mash-ups and various contemporary classical works. Even when music is notated relatively precisely, as in Western classical music from the 1750s onwards, there are many decisions that a performer and/or conductor has to make, because notation does not specify all of the elements of musical performance. The process of deciding how to perform music that has been previously composed and notated is termed \"interpretation.\" Different performers' or conductor's interpretations of the same work of music can",
"psg_id": "589958"
},
{
"title": "HMNZS Philomel",
"text": "base from new entry or officer training to damage control and command schools that everyone must attend at stages of their career. There are also schools for naval specialisations such as marine engineering, Officer of the Watch, hydrography and communications. The base includes a navy band and a fleet gymnasium. The first Royal New Zealand Navy (RNZN) museum was established in 1974 and was housed in a single room within HMNZS \"Philomel\", then in 1982 moved to a separate building. In 2010 it moved to new, larger facilities at Torpedo Bay. HMNZS Philomel HMNZS \"Philomel\" is the main administrative naval",
"psg_id": "11405668"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "by an arranger based on the composer's core composition. Based on such factors, composers, orchestrators and/or arrangers must decide upon the instrumentation of the original work. In the 2010s, the contemporary composer can virtually write for almost any combination of instruments, ranging from a string section, wind and brass sections used in standard orchestras to electronic instruments such as synthesizers. Some common group settings include music for full orchestra (consisting of strings, woodwinds, brass and percussion), concert band (which consists of larger sections and greater diversity of woodwind, brass, and percussion instruments than are usually found in the orchestra), or",
"psg_id": "589955"
},
{
"title": "Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (Debussy)",
"text": "Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (Debussy) \"Fantaisie\" for piano and orchestra, L. 73, is a composition for piano and orchestra by French composer Claude Debussy. It was composed between October 1889 and April 1890 but it received its first public performance only in 1919, a year after Debussy's death, in London by the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra with Alfred Cortot as soloist. It is Debussy's only composition for piano and orchestra and, even though it is written in a three movement form, it was not composed as a Piano Concerto. This work is dedicated to the pianist René Chansarel, who had",
"psg_id": "17456593"
},
{
"title": "Serenade for Tenor, Saxophone and Orchestra (“My Dear Benjamin”)",
"text": "Serenade for Tenor, Saxophone and Orchestra (“My Dear Benjamin”) Serenade for Tenor, Saxophone and Orchestra (\"My Dear Benjamin\") is a musical composition by Lyle Chan. Its text is drawn from letters between English composer Benjamin Britten and his first romantic interest, Wulff Scherchen. This orchestral song cycle forms a section within Chan's larger work \"Voices and Instruments\". The work was commissioned by Queensland Symphony Orchestra and premiered at the 2016 Brisbane Festival on 22 September 2016. Scherchen died six weeks before the concert, at the age of 96, and the concert was dedicated to his memory. Both \"Arts Hub\" and",
"psg_id": "20048702"
},
{
"title": "Fiddle Faddle (musical composition)",
"text": "Trio section. The piece has been transcribed for concert or theater organ and as a duet for piano . Fiddle Faddle (musical composition) Fiddle-Faddle is a musical composition in 2/2 time composed by Leroy Anderson. It is considered to be a \"light\" classical music composition, sometimes referred to as \"classical pops\" music. Fiddle-Faddle was published on January 1, 1947. Arthur Fiedler gave the composition its premiere on March 30, 1947 during a concert radio broadcast from the old Boston Opera House. Leroy Anderson conducted Fiddle-Faddle in a monaural recording for Decca Records on June 29, 1951. Anderson made a stereo",
"psg_id": "11541715"
},
{
"title": "Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra",
"text": "is in the form of a theme and 11 variations: Britten utilised music that he wrote for a production of J. B. Priestley's \"Johnson over Jordan\" as source material for the work. Lyn Henderson has noted the influence of Prokofiev-like rhythms in Variation IXa. Christopher Mark has discussed Britten's use of the circle of fifths in various works, including the \"Diversions\". Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra, Op. 21, is a concertante music composition by Benjamin Britten. Britten wrote the work for the Viennese-born pianist Paul Wittgenstein, who lost his right arm",
"psg_id": "7501177"
},
{
"title": "Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra (Penderecki)",
"text": "Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra (Penderecki) The Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra is a composition by Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki. It is one of the five caprices that he composed and one of the two that he composed for a soloist with an orchestra, together with the \"Capriccio for Oboe and Eleven Instruments\". This composition was finished in 1967 and was intended for performance in Donaueschingen, on October 22, 1967. On that occasion, Ernest Bour conducted the South West German Radio Orchestra, with Wanda Wilkomirska as the violin soloist. It was eventually dedicated to Heinrich Strobel and published by the",
"psg_id": "17862001"
},
{
"title": "HMS Philomel (1890)",
"text": "the training jetty, she was operated as a training facility for new recruits to the naval service, under the command of a series of officers from the Royal Navy including, for nearly six months in 1923, Commander Augustus Agar VC. Training armament was installed and in 1925, her boilers and engines were removed to create more accommodation space. Further accommodation, in the form of wooden cabins, was later constructed on her deck. In October 1941, on the creation of the Royal New Zealand Navy, \"Philomel\" was recommissioned as the training base HMNZS \"Philomel\". \"Philomel\" was paid off and decommissioned on",
"psg_id": "11397861"
},
{
"title": "HMS Philomel (1890)",
"text": "\"Philomel\" was recommissioned in October 1913 in Singapore and later sailed for New Zealand to join HMAS \"Psyche\" and HMAS \"Pyramus\", both \"Pelorus\"-class cruisers serving in New Zealand waters. The \"Philomel\" was commissioned for New Zealand service on 15 July 1914, under the command of Captain Percival Hall-Thompson. Although mainly crewed by Englishmen, she was the country's first warship. The \"Philomel\" was on a short shakedown voyage to Picton on 30 July 1914, prior to taking on its first complement of New Zealand cadets, when it was recalled to Wellington Harbour in anticipation of the outbreak of war. Largely crewed",
"psg_id": "11397855"
},
{
"title": "Philomel-class gunvessel",
"text": "Philomel-class gunvessel The \"Philomel\"-class gunvessel was a class of wooden-hulled screw-driven second-class gunvessels built for the Royal Navy between 1859 and 1867, of which 26 were ordered but only 20 completed. They had a mixed history, with some serving for as little as 5 years, and others surviving into the 1880s. Two of the class were sold and used as Arctic exploration vessels, both eventually being lost in the ice. The \"Philomel\"-class gunvessels were an enlargement of the earlier \"Algerine\"-class gunboat of 1856. The first pair of the class were ordered as \"new style steam schooners\" on 1 April 1857,",
"psg_id": "14695511"
},
{
"title": "Fiddle Faddle (musical composition)",
"text": "Fiddle Faddle (musical composition) Fiddle-Faddle is a musical composition in 2/2 time composed by Leroy Anderson. It is considered to be a \"light\" classical music composition, sometimes referred to as \"classical pops\" music. Fiddle-Faddle was published on January 1, 1947. Arthur Fiedler gave the composition its premiere on March 30, 1947 during a concert radio broadcast from the old Boston Opera House. Leroy Anderson conducted Fiddle-Faddle in a monaural recording for Decca Records on June 29, 1951. Anderson made a stereo recording of Fiddle-Faddle for Decca Records on June 11, 1959. Anderson wrote the piece as one of a number",
"psg_id": "11541713"
},
{
"title": "Dark Waves (composition)",
"text": "in sounds that seemed to reverberate below and above our hearing.\" Dark Waves (composition) Dark Waves is a 2007 musical composition in one movement by the American composer John Luther Adams. It was commissioned by Musica Nova for the Anchorage Symphony Orchestra, who premiered the composition in 2007. The piece is dedicated to the Alaskan conductor Gordon Wright, who died a few days before the world premiere. \"Dark Waves\" was the first time Adams mixed electronics with a symphony orchestra, about which he wrote in the program note, \"I began with an impossible orchestra - large choirs of virtual instruments,",
"psg_id": "20273968"
},
{
"title": "Dark Waves (composition)",
"text": "Dark Waves (composition) Dark Waves is a 2007 musical composition in one movement by the American composer John Luther Adams. It was commissioned by Musica Nova for the Anchorage Symphony Orchestra, who premiered the composition in 2007. The piece is dedicated to the Alaskan conductor Gordon Wright, who died a few days before the world premiere. \"Dark Waves\" was the first time Adams mixed electronics with a symphony orchestra, about which he wrote in the program note, \"I began with an impossible orchestra - large choirs of virtual instruments, with no musicians, no articulation and no breathing - sculpting layer",
"psg_id": "20273961"
},
{
"title": "HMS Philomel (1842)",
"text": "HMS Philomel (1842) HMS \"Philomel\" was an eight-gun \"Alert\"-class packet brig of the Royal Navy, built between 1840 and 1842. Ships of this class were designed by William Symonds in 1834, and the Philomel was built at Plymouth. The vessel launched in 1842 as a surveying vessel, and by 1857 was given over to the coastguard and renamed \"CGWV.23\". It foundered in the Swale in 1869, and the wreck was sold to Hayhurst & Clasper as salvage. It was finally broken up on 26 February 1870. The Falkland Islands issued a set of stamps in 1985 for \"Early Cartographers maps\",",
"psg_id": "14952530"
},
{
"title": "HMS Philomel (1890)",
"text": "HMS Philomel (1890) HMS \"Philomel, later HMNZS \"Philomel, was a \"Pearl\"-class cruiser. She was the fifth ship of that name and served with the Royal Navy. After her commissioning in 1890, she served on the Cape of Good Hope Station and later with the Mediterranean Fleet. In 1914, she was loaned to New Zealand for service with what would later become the Royal New Zealand Navy. During the early stages of the First World War she performed convoy escort duties and then carried out operations in the Mediterranean against the Turks. She later conducted patrols in the Red Sea and",
"psg_id": "11397848"
},
{
"title": "Scratch Orchestra (musical ensemble)",
"text": "Scratch Orchestra (musical ensemble) The Scratch Orchestra was an experimental musical ensemble founded in the spring of 1969 by Cornelius Cardew, Michael Parsons and Howard Skempton. In the draft constitution published in the \"Musical Times\" of June 1969, Cardew defines a scratch orchestra as: \"a large number of enthusiasts pooling their resources (not primarily material resources) and assembling for action (music-making, performance, edification)\". The Orchestra reflected Cardew's musical philosophy at that time. This meant that anyone could join, graphic scores were used (rather than traditional sheet music), and there was an emphasis on improvisation. The Scratch Orchestra arose from Cardew's",
"psg_id": "6693733"
},
{
"title": "Suite for String Orchestra (Nielsen)",
"text": "Suite for String Orchestra (Nielsen) Carl Nielsen's Suite for String Orchestra was one of the composer's earliest works and was first performed at the Tivoli Hall on 8 September 1888. Nielsen composed the \"Suite for String Orchestra\" when he was only 22 and was still studying composition with Orla Rosenhoff, his former teacher at the Conservatory. It was first performed on 8 September 1888 at the Tivoli Hall in Copenhagen where the Tivoli Orchestra was conducted by Balduin Dahl, a recognised supporter of young talent. It was a great success. Nielsen, who played in the orchestra, was called back several",
"psg_id": "15013527"
},
{
"title": "Philomel-class gunvessel",
"text": "95 cwt muzzle-loading smooth-bore gun, two 24-pounder howitzers and two 20-pounder breech-loading guns. All ships of the class later had the 68-pounder replaced by a 7-inch/110-pounder breech-loading gun. Philomel-class gunvessel The \"Philomel\"-class gunvessel was a class of wooden-hulled screw-driven second-class gunvessels built for the Royal Navy between 1859 and 1867, of which 26 were ordered but only 20 completed. They had a mixed history, with some serving for as little as 5 years, and others surviving into the 1880s. Two of the class were sold and used as Arctic exploration vessels, both eventually being lost in the ice. The \"Philomel\"-class",
"psg_id": "14695514"
},
{
"title": "Serenata for Orchestra (Piston)",
"text": "Serenata for Orchestra (Piston) Walter Piston's Serenata for Orchestra is an orchestral suite or miniature symphony written in 1956. Piston composed the Serenata in 1956, on commission for the Louisville Orchestra , and is dedicated to conductor Robert Whitney, who led the work's premiere on October 25, 1956. The work is in three movements. The outer movements of the Serenata are in D major, and the overall form resembles a miniature symphony lasting only twelve minutes. This, the title, and certain melodic gestures make this composition more Mozartean than any of Piston's neoclassical works from the 1930s, though it remains",
"psg_id": "14923529"
},
{
"title": "Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra (Penderecki)",
"text": "its concertante nature, the cadenza is fairly close to the beginning. Following are some of the most well-known recordings of this piece: Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra (Penderecki) The Capriccio for Violin and Orchestra is a composition by Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki. It is one of the five caprices that he composed and one of the two that he composed for a soloist with an orchestra, together with the \"Capriccio for Oboe and Eleven Instruments\". This composition was finished in 1967 and was intended for performance in Donaueschingen, on October 22, 1967. On that occasion, Ernest Bour conducted the South",
"psg_id": "17862003"
},
{
"title": "Music for Cello and Orchestra",
"text": "is here a rich, loving, almost Korngoldian lyricism, at first suppressed, at length permitted to flower.\" Music for Cello and Orchestra Music for Cello and Orchestra is a composition for cello and orchestra by the American composer Leon Kirchner. The work was commissioned by the Philadelphia Orchestra for the cellist Yo-Yo Ma. The work was first performed by Yo-Yo Ma and the Philadelphia Orchestra under the conductor David Zinman in Philadelphia on October 16, 1992. The piece was a finalist for the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Music. The commission was made possible by a donation from the philanthropists Lillian and",
"psg_id": "20470166"
},
{
"title": "Music for Cello and Orchestra",
"text": "Music for Cello and Orchestra Music for Cello and Orchestra is a composition for cello and orchestra by the American composer Leon Kirchner. The work was commissioned by the Philadelphia Orchestra for the cellist Yo-Yo Ma. The work was first performed by Yo-Yo Ma and the Philadelphia Orchestra under the conductor David Zinman in Philadelphia on October 16, 1992. The piece was a finalist for the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Music. The commission was made possible by a donation from the philanthropists Lillian and Maurice Barbash to commemorate their 40th wedding anniversary. The music is cast in a single movement",
"psg_id": "20470164"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók)",
"text": "Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók) The Concerto for Orchestra, Sz. 116, BB 123, is a five-movement musical work for orchestra composed by Béla Bartók in 1943. It is one of his best-known, most popular and most accessible works. The score is inscribed \"15 August – 8 October 1943\". It was premiered on December 1, 1944, in Symphony Hall, Boston, by the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Serge Koussevitzky. It was a great success and has been regularly performed since. It is perhaps the best-known of a number of pieces that have the apparently contradictory title \"Concerto for Orchestra\". This is in",
"psg_id": "1629451"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "thumri and raga. In the Karnatak music tradition the compositions are in the form of Kriti, varanam and padam. As technology has developed in the 20th and 21st century, new methods of music composition have come about. EEG headsets have also been used to create music by interpreting the brainwaves of musicians. This method has been used for Project Mindtunes, which involved collaborating disabled musicians with DJ Fresh, and also by artists Lisa Park and Masaki Batoh. The task of adapting a composition for different musical ensembles is called arranging or orchestration, may be undertaken by the composer or separately",
"psg_id": "589954"
},
{
"title": "Aporias: Requia for Piano and Orchestra",
"text": "quotes, but soon the composition heads into otherworldly passages, with an exploratory treatment,\" for, with \"a range of bass drums, Eastern percussion hints, and interjections of orchestral warm-up moments,\" the \"composition slips by in the shadows, remaining obscured even while enunciating.\". \"All compositions by John Zorn.\" Aporias: Requia for Piano and Orchestra Aporias: Requia for Piano and Orchestra is an album of contemporary classical music by American composer and saxophonist/multi-instrumentalist John Zorn performed by Stephen Drury, the Hungarian Radio Children's Choir and the American Composers Orchestra. The Allmusic review by Joslyn Layne awarded the album 3½ stars stating \"the first",
"psg_id": "12133079"
},
{
"title": "HMNZS Philomel",
"text": "land establishment. In 2000, HMNZS Tamaki was decommissioned with its functions absorbed again by HMNZS \"Philomel\". Today \"Philomel\" is a sprawling land establishment located at Devonport, New Zealand. It is the home of the Naval Support Services, responsible for the logistics and organisation of Naval personnel, and for visits to the base by foreign ships. Its Naval Community Office provides support for families of naval personnel, and its Te Taua Moana Marae is the cultural home for all naval personnel, regardless of iwi or upbringing. It incorporates the naval college \"Tamaki\", formerly HMNZS \"Tamaki\", which coordinates training within the naval",
"psg_id": "11405667"
},
{
"title": "Music for Orchestra",
"text": "Music for Orchestra Music for Orchestra is a one-movement orchestral composition by the American composer Jerry Goldsmith. The piece was commissioned by Leonard Slatkin and the St. Louis Symphony in 1970 and premiered later that year. Lasting roughly eight minutes in performance, the dodecaphonic Music for Orchestra is composed in three connected sections developed from the same twelve-tone row: the \"turbulent\" first section, the \"introspective\" second section, and a climaxing, \"very agitated\" third section. In the 2002 Telarc release of Music for Orchestra, Goldsmith commented on the work and his motivation for its composition: Music for Orchestra is scored for",
"psg_id": "18603801"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Orchestra (Skrowaczewski)",
"text": "Concerto for Orchestra (Skrowaczewski) The Concerto for Orchestra is an orchestral composition by the Polish-American composer Stanisław Skrowaczewski. Though originally composed in 1983 and premiered in the mid-1980s, Skrowaczewski later reworked the composition. It was first performed in its revised form on November 19, 1998 in Philadelphia by the orchestra of the Curtis Institute of Music. The revised piece was a finalist for the 1999 Pulitzer Prize for Music. The Concerto for Orchestra has a duration of roughly 30 minutes is composed in two movements: Martin Cotton of \"BBC Music Magazine\" lauded the composition, writing, \"The Concerto for Orchestra is",
"psg_id": "19235864"
},
{
"title": "Serenade for Tenor, Saxophone and Orchestra (“My Dear Benjamin”)",
"text": "four-hands)IX: “You must forgive me” (letter by Scherchen) \"England, 1941\"X: “I have returned to England” (letter by Scherchen)XI: “It seems too good to be true” (Ben's Farewell) (letter by Britten)XII: “My thoughts are put at rest” (Wulff's Farewell) (letter by Scherchen)XIII: Postlude Serenade for Tenor, Saxophone and Orchestra (“My Dear Benjamin”) Serenade for Tenor, Saxophone and Orchestra (\"My Dear Benjamin\") is a musical composition by Lyle Chan. Its text is drawn from letters between English composer Benjamin Britten and his first romantic interest, Wulff Scherchen. This orchestral song cycle forms a section within Chan's larger work \"Voices and Instruments\". The",
"psg_id": "20048707"
},
{
"title": "HMS Philomel (1842)",
"text": "the ship is featured on the fourth in set, 54p stamp along with Admiral Sir B. J. Sulivan K.C.B. HMS Philomel (1842) HMS \"Philomel\" was an eight-gun \"Alert\"-class packet brig of the Royal Navy, built between 1840 and 1842. Ships of this class were designed by William Symonds in 1834, and the Philomel was built at Plymouth. The vessel launched in 1842 as a surveying vessel, and by 1857 was given over to the coastguard and renamed \"CGWV.23\". It foundered in the Swale in 1869, and the wreck was sold to Hayhurst & Clasper as salvage. It was finally broken",
"psg_id": "14952531"
},
{
"title": "American Wind Symphony Orchestra",
"text": "American Wind Symphony Orchestra The American Wind Symphony Orchestra (AWSO, also called the American Wind Symphony, or AWS) is an American musical ensemble incorporating many of the wind instruments found in a symphony orchestra. It is dedicated to the performance of contemporary classical music, and which is known for having commissioned over 400 new works. Based in Mars, Pennsylvania, the AWSO was founded and directed for 50 years by the American conductor (and former trumpeter) Robert Austin Boudreau (b. 1927). The group, whose membership changes from year to year, typically is composed of young professional musicians. Many of the works",
"psg_id": "11498754"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "from memory (the norm for instrumental soloists in concerto performances and singers in opera shows and art song recitals), by reading written musical notation (the norm in large ensembles, such as orchestras, concert bands and choirs), or through a combination of both methods. For example, the principal cello player in an orchestra may read most of the accompaniment parts in a symphony, where she is playing tutti parts, but then memorize an exposed solo, in order to be able to watch the conductor. Compositions comprise a huge variety of musical elements, which vary widely from between genres and cultures. Popular",
"psg_id": "589949"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók)",
"text": "of the numerous available recordings. Concerto for Orchestra (Bartók) The Concerto for Orchestra, Sz. 116, BB 123, is a five-movement musical work for orchestra composed by Béla Bartók in 1943. It is one of his best-known, most popular and most accessible works. The score is inscribed \"15 August – 8 October 1943\". It was premiered on December 1, 1944, in Symphony Hall, Boston, by the Boston Symphony Orchestra conducted by Serge Koussevitzky. It was a great success and has been regularly performed since. It is perhaps the best-known of a number of pieces that have the apparently contradictory title \"Concerto",
"psg_id": "1629459"
},
{
"title": "Invention (musical composition)",
"text": "Invention (musical composition) In music, an invention is a short composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) with two-part counterpoint. (Compositions in the same style as an invention but using three-part counterpoint are known as \"sinfonias.\" Some modern publishers call them \"three-part inventions\" to avoid confusion with symphonies.) Well-known are the fifteen inventions that make up the first half of Johann Sebastian Bach's Inventions and Sinfonias. Inventions are usually not performed in public, but serve as exercises for keyboard students, and as pedagogical exercises for composition students. Inventions are similar in style to a fugue, though they are much simpler. They",
"psg_id": "3711594"
},
{
"title": "Sequoia (composition)",
"text": "Sequoia (composition) Sequoia is an orchestral composition by the American composer Joan Tower. The work was commissioned by the American Composers Orchestra with support from the Jerome Foundation. It was first performed on May 18, 1981 in Alice Tully Hall by the American Composers Orchestra under the conductor Dennis Russell Davies. The piece is dedicated to the concertmistress and first horn player of the orchestra, Jean and Paul Ingraham, respectively. \"Sequoia\" was Tower's first major orchestral composition and remains one of the composer's most performed works. \"Sequoia\" has a duration of roughly 16 minutes and is composed in three continuous",
"psg_id": "19284538"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "classical music. Although a musical composition often uses musical notation and has a single author, this is not always the case. A work of music can have multiple composers, which often occurs in popular music when all of the members of a band collaborates to write a song, or in musical theatre, when one person writes the melodies, a second person writes the lyrics, and a third person orchestrates the songs. A piece of music can also be composed with words, images, or, since the 20th century, with computer programs that explain or notate how the singer or musician should",
"psg_id": "589946"
},
{
"title": "Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart)",
"text": "Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart) The Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in E-flat major, K. 364 (320d), was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. At the time of its composition in 1779, Mozart was on a tour of Europe that included Mannheim and Paris. Mozart had been experimenting with the sinfonia concertante genre and this work can be considered his most successful realization in this cross-over genre between symphony and concerto. The piece is scored in three movements for solo violin, solo viola, two oboes, two horns, and strings, the latter including a divided viola section,",
"psg_id": "3823528"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "create musical sounds. Examples range from 20th century avant-garde music that uses graphic notation, to text compositions such as Karlheinz Stockhausen's \"Aus den sieben Tagen\", to computer programs that select sounds for musical pieces. Music that makes heavy use of randomness and chance is called aleatoric music, and is associated with contemporary composers active in the 20th century, such as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutosławski. A more commonly known example of chance-based music is the sound of wind chimes jingling in a breeze. The study of composition has traditionally been dominated by examination of methods and practice of",
"psg_id": "589947"
},
{
"title": "Scratch Orchestra (musical ensemble)",
"text": "seniority\", tensions between musically-trained and non-musically-trained members, and an increasing interest in political aesthetics led to a gradual change in the activities, and then the outlook of the ensemble. It was effectively inoperative by 1974. Scratch Orchestra (musical ensemble) The Scratch Orchestra was an experimental musical ensemble founded in the spring of 1969 by Cornelius Cardew, Michael Parsons and Howard Skempton. In the draft constitution published in the \"Musical Times\" of June 1969, Cardew defines a scratch orchestra as: \"a large number of enthusiasts pooling their resources (not primarily material resources) and assembling for action (music-making, performance, edification)\". The Orchestra",
"psg_id": "6693736"
},
{
"title": "Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart)",
"text": "The \"andante\" movement of this piece was featured in Nuri Bilge Ceylan's 2002 film \"Uzak\". The first movement of the piece was briefly heard in the 1984 movie \"Amadeus\". Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra (Mozart) The Sinfonia Concertante for Violin, Viola and Orchestra in E-flat major, K. 364 (320d), was written by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. At the time of its composition in 1779, Mozart was on a tour of Europe that included Mannheim and Paris. Mozart had been experimenting with the sinfonia concertante genre and this work can be considered his most successful realization in this cross-over genre",
"psg_id": "3823532"
},
{
"title": "Diversions for Piano Left Hand and Orchestra",
"text": "an official version that would stop Paul playing it by rendering his version obsolete.' Wittegenstein retained the performing rights for a good number of years, which kept other pianists from performing the work. Wittgenstein played the premiere of \"Diversions\" with the Philadelphia Orchestra under the baton of Eugene Ormandy on 16 January 1942. The Philadelphia reviewers commented more on Wittgenstein and his work as a one-armed pianist than on the composition itself. \"The Philadelphia Record\" did describe the score as \"ingeniously written\", while \"Musical America\" commented on the presence of both \"pleasurable and dull moments\" in the work. The piece",
"psg_id": "7501176"
},
{
"title": "Kui (instrumental musical composition)",
"text": "p. 8-10.<br> 12. Stakhov V. Arts od violin master. — Leningrad, 1988.<br> 13. Nazhmedenov Zh. Acoustic features of Kazakh Dombyra. Aktobe, 2003.<br> 14. Utegalieva S.I. Dombyra tradition in Mangystau. Almaty, 1997. Kui (instrumental musical composition) Kui is a Kipchak instrumental musical composition performed with national plucked, bow and wind instruments such as Dombyra, Qobyz, Syrnai, though mostly with the plucked Dombyra of the Kazakhs and Komuz of the Kyrgyzs. In the 20th century, Kazakh Soviet musicians experimented with chorus performance of Kuis. In Kazakh culture Kuis were learned by heart and passed from generation to generation without written fixation. For",
"psg_id": "15082089"
},
{
"title": "Kui (instrumental musical composition)",
"text": "Kui (instrumental musical composition) Kui is a Kipchak instrumental musical composition performed with national plucked, bow and wind instruments such as Dombyra, Qobyz, Syrnai, though mostly with the plucked Dombyra of the Kazakhs and Komuz of the Kyrgyzs. In the 20th century, Kazakh Soviet musicians experimented with chorus performance of Kuis. In Kazakh culture Kuis were learned by heart and passed from generation to generation without written fixation. For example Kazakh folk Kui “aqsaq qulan”(lame onager) is dated to the 13th century. Authors of many famous Kazakh Kuis lived in Middle Ages. But the pick of the culture comes to",
"psg_id": "15082081"
},
{
"title": "Barcelona Guitar Orchestra",
"text": "in Barcelona. Guest conductors have included composer and guitarist Leo Brouwer, who has composed pieces specifically for guitar ensemble. Other composers whose works are performed by the orchestra include Gaspar Sanz, Manuel de Falla and Isaac Albéniz. Barcelona Guitar Orchestra is part of a growing number of guitar orchestras in the world. Representative examples include the Boston Guitar Orchestra, the Cambridge Guitar Orchestra, and the European Guitar and Mandolin Youth Orchestra. An article in \"Classical Guitar Review\" states that the Barcelona Guitar Orchestra is \"the most successful ensemble of its kind\". Barcelona Guitar Orchestra The Barcelona Guitar Orchestra (Orquesta de",
"psg_id": "19838753"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Orchestra (Sessions)",
"text": "Concerto for Orchestra (Sessions) The Concerto for Orchestra is a composition for orchestra by the American composer Roger Sessions. The work was commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and premiered October 23, 1981, with conductor Seiji Ozawa leading the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The concerto was Sessions's last orchestral composition and won him the 1982 Pulitzer Prize for Music. Sessions had previously won a special lifetime achievement Pulitzer Prize in 1974 \"for his life's work as a distinguished American composer.\" The piece was honored with a performance at the closing of the 50th Tanglewood Music Festival in 2014. Andrew Porter of",
"psg_id": "18735232"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Orchestra (Sessions)",
"text": "\"The New Yorker\" praised the work, saying, \"One ascends it with animated tread, moves with slow wonder across its central reach, speeds again toward its close, and at the end pauses for a moment, quietly rapt, to consider both the journey made and the realms to which it may lead.\" Concerto for Orchestra (Sessions) The Concerto for Orchestra is a composition for orchestra by the American composer Roger Sessions. The work was commissioned by the Boston Symphony Orchestra and premiered October 23, 1981, with conductor Seiji Ozawa leading the Boston Symphony Orchestra. The concerto was Sessions's last orchestral composition and",
"psg_id": "18735233"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Orchestra (Tower)",
"text": "Concerto for Orchestra (Tower) The Concerto for Orchestra is an orchestral composition by the American composer Joan Tower. The work was jointly commissioned by the St. Louis Symphony, the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and the New York Philharmonic. The Concerto for Orchestra is composed in two connected sections and has a duration of roughly 30 minutes. Tower described the composition in the score program note, writing: The work is scored for an orchestra comprising three flutes (doubling piccolo), two oboes, cor anglais, three clarinets (doubling E-flat clarinet and bass clarinet), three bassoons (doubling contrabassoon), four horns, three trumpets, three trombones, tuba,",
"psg_id": "19278388"
},
{
"title": "Philomel (Babbitt)",
"text": "John Hollander, the librettist, has Philomel communicate with some of the inhabitants of the woods in echo verse. In fact, Hollander had written a book on Echo Poetry, so the section is written not in straight echo but in very elaborate and intricate poetry. The third section is a series of five arias where Philomel finally regains her voice and sings about her life. The piece, an example of combined live performance with tape, was one of the first compositions on the synthesizer and shows Babbitt’s use of the human voice. John Hollander, a poet at Yale University, wrote the",
"psg_id": "11564174"
},
{
"title": "Ciutat de Tarragona International Award for Musical Composition",
"text": "eligible. Submitted works must be unpublished, must never have been performed in public or have received any award, whether under their current title or any other, and must not have been previously commissioned. Winning work is premiered the following year by the Barcelona Symphony and Catalonia National Orchestra and a 12.000 euro cash prize (in 2010). Members of the jury have included Josep M. Mestres Quadreny, Héctor Parra, Jean Pierre Dupuy, Vicent Paulet, Tomas Marco, Anton Garcia Abril, Martin Matalon, José Manuel López López, Agustí Charles Soler, Albert Sardà, Josep Soler, Edmon Colomer, Joan Guinjoan, Enrico Correggia, and Jordi Cervelló.",
"psg_id": "14847817"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for seven wind instruments, timpani, percussion, and string orchestra",
"text": "has proved to be one of Martin's most enduring works, having been recorded several times since its premiere at Bern under the German conductor Luc Balmer in October 1949. The work lasts for about twenty minutes: in the recordings below, Ernest Ansermet conducts it in under 19' whilst Matthias Bamert takes almost 22'. Concerto for seven wind instruments, timpani, percussion, and string orchestra Concerto for seven wind instruments, timpani, percussion, and string orchestra (published as Concerto pour sept instruments à vent, timbales, batterie et orchestre à cordes) is a composition by the Swiss composer Frank Martin. Composed in 1949 for",
"psg_id": "19830908"
},
{
"title": "Route 66 (composition)",
"text": "Frank Sinatra crooned.\" A recording of the piece, performed by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra under conductor Marin Alsop, was released January 4, 2011 through Naxos Records and features Daugherty's other orchestral works \"Ghost Ranch\", \"Sunset Strip\", and \"Time Machine\". Route 66 (composition) Route 66 is a single-movement composition for orchestra by the American composer Michael Daugherty. The piece was commissioned by the Kalamazoo Symphony Orchestra and premiered on April 25, 1998 at the Irving S. Gilmore International Keyboard Festival in East Lansing, Michigan under conductor Yoshimi Takeda. Inspired by the historic American highway U.S. Route 66, the piece combines elements",
"psg_id": "18558100"
},
{
"title": "Insomnia (composition)",
"text": "more effective in keeping a large orchestra busy than in promoting a persuasive musical argument.\" Insomnia (composition) Insomnia is a single-movement orchestral composition by the Finnish composer Esa-Pekka Salonen. The work was composed between March and November 2002 and was first performed on December 1, 2002 by the NHK Symphony Orchestra under Salonen. \"Insomnia\" has a duration of roughly 20 minutes and is composed in a single movement. Salonen described the piece as \"a set of variations based on a harmonic model separated by a Ritornello-like section, which is essentially a pedal point on the note e.\" He further described",
"psg_id": "18955491"
},
{
"title": "Route 66 (composition)",
"text": "Route 66 (composition) Route 66 is a single-movement composition for orchestra by the American composer Michael Daugherty. The piece was commissioned by the Kalamazoo Symphony Orchestra and premiered on April 25, 1998 at the Irving S. Gilmore International Keyboard Festival in East Lansing, Michigan under conductor Yoshimi Takeda. Inspired by the historic American highway U.S. Route 66, the piece combines elements of jazz and orchestral writing in what Daugherty called \"a high-octane nostalgic musical romp from Illinois to California along America’s first intercontinental highway, as seen through my rear view mirror.\" The work lasts roughly 7 minutes in duration and",
"psg_id": "18558097"
},
{
"title": "Invention (musical composition)",
"text": "Bach adapted and modified the form to what is considered to be a formal invention. Bach wrote 15 inventions (BWV 772–786) as exercises for his son, Wilhelm Friedemann Bach. Bach later wrote a set of 15 three-part inventions, called sinfonias (BWV 787–801). Invention (musical composition) In music, an invention is a short composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) with two-part counterpoint. (Compositions in the same style as an invention but using three-part counterpoint are known as \"sinfonias.\" Some modern publishers call them \"three-part inventions\" to avoid confusion with symphonies.) Well-known are the fifteen inventions that make up the first half",
"psg_id": "3711598"
},
{
"title": "Portland Baroque Orchestra",
"text": "Festival. The Orchestra performed Handel’s opera Rinaldo and Cavalli's La Calisto with Portland Opera. In 2006, PBO began a successful annual collaboration with the vocal ensemble Cappella Romana. Joint productions have included Handel’s Messiah every year, Bach’s St. John Passion Iincluding CD release), and two thematic programs of choral works by Bach, Handel and Vivaldi, and a project at the Portland Art Museum for an exhibition of Venetian musical instruments. Portland Baroque Orchestra has made a number of recordings for the label Avie. In 2015, PBO launched its own CD label, Portland Baroque Media. Portland Baroque Orchestra Portland Baroque Orchestra",
"psg_id": "18743851"
},
{
"title": "The Andrew Oldham Orchestra",
"text": "led to the entire copyright to the composition, belonging to Richard Ashcroft, The Verve's frontman, being taken by ABKCO Records, and the assignation of the songwriting credit to Jagger and Richards. The Andrew Oldham Orchestra The Andrew Oldham Orchestra was a musical side project in the mid-1960s created by Andrew Loog Oldham, the original manager and record producer of The Rolling Stones. There was no actual orchestra per se. The name was applied to recordings made by Oldham using a multitude of session musicians, including members of the Rolling Stones. \"The Rolling Stones Songbook\" included an orchestral version of the",
"psg_id": "7827524"
},
{
"title": "HMS Philomel (1890)",
"text": "August 1890, and completed the following March. After completing sea trials, she was commissioned in the Royal Navy on 10 November 1891. Commanded by Captain Charles Campbell, she was assigned to the Cape of Good Hope Station although fitting work and working up trials meant that \"Philomel\" did not arrive in South Africa until June 1892. For six years, \"Philomel\" served on station, intercepting slave traders along the coast of Africa. In 1896, she participated in the Anglo-Zanzibar War, during which rebels murdered the Sultan of Zanzibar and seized his palace. Along with the three gunboats and HMS \"St George\",",
"psg_id": "11397851"
},
{
"title": "Orchestra",
"text": "be supplanted by the symphonic poem. Orchestras also play with instrumental soloists in concertos. During concertos, the orchestra plays an accompaniment role to the soloist (e.g., a solo violinist or pianist) and, at times, introduces musical themes or interludes while the soloist is not playing. Orchestras also play during operas, ballets, some musical theatre works and some choral works (both sacred works such as Masses and secular works). In operas and ballets, the orchestra accompanies the singers and dancers, respectively, and plays overtures and interludes where the melodies played by the orchestra take centre stage. In the Baroque era, orchestras",
"psg_id": "303985"
},
{
"title": "Hexameron (musical composition)",
"text": "Hexameron (musical composition) Hexaméron, Morceau de concert S.392 is a collaborative composition for solo piano. It consists of six variations on a theme, along with an introduction, connecting interludes and a finale. The theme is the \"March of the Puritans\" from Vincenzo Bellini's opera \"I puritani\". Princess Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso conceived the piece in 1837 and persuaded Franz Liszt to assemble a set of variations of the march along with five of his pianist-friends. Liszt composed the introduction, second variation, connecting sections and finale, and integrated the piece into an artistic unity. Five well-known composer-performers each contributed one variation: Frédéric",
"psg_id": "8799567"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "Western classical music, but the definition of composition is broad enough to include the creation of popular music and traditional music songs and instrumental pieces, and to include spontaneously improvised works like those of free jazz performers and African percussionists such as Ewe drummers. Although in the 2000s, composition is considered to consist of the manipulation of each aspect of music (harmony, melody, form, rhythm, and timbre), according to Jean-Benjamin de : Since the invention of sound recording, a classical piece or popular song may exist as a recording. If music is composed before being performed, music can be performed",
"psg_id": "589948"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Two Flutes and Orchestra",
"text": "world premiere, Timothy Mangan of the \"Los Angeles Times\" described the concerto as \"an 18-minute work remarkable for elegant writing and a serious but altogether entertaining manner.\" He continued: Reflecting on Stucky's life, David Yearsley of \"CounterPunch\" highly praised the concerto and wrote, \"I do not recall what else was on the program that afternoon, but I do remember Steve's concerto.\" Concerto for Two Flutes and Orchestra The Concerto for Two Flutes and Orchestra is a composition for two flutes and orchestra by the American composer Steven Stucky. The work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, for which Stucky",
"psg_id": "19404739"
},
{
"title": "Rondo for Piano and Orchestra (Beethoven)",
"text": "the solo part completed by Carl Czerny. It is scored for an orchestra of 1 flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, and strings. The composition consists of a single multi-tempo movement marked \"Rondo: Allegro – Andante – Tempo I – Presto\". Sources Rondo for Piano and Orchestra (Beethoven) Ludwig van Beethoven's Rondo for Piano and Orchestra in B-flat major, WoO 6 was composed in 1793 and originally intended as the final movement for his second piano concerto. Hans-Werner Küthen states this was probably the finale for the first and second versions of the second piano concerto, being replaced by",
"psg_id": "11843879"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Two Flutes and Orchestra",
"text": "Concerto for Two Flutes and Orchestra The Concerto for Two Flutes and Orchestra is a composition for two flutes and orchestra by the American composer Steven Stucky. The work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, for which Stucky was formerly composer-in-residence and then New Music Adviser. The piece was composed from October through December 1994 and was given its world premiere in Los Angeles by the Los Angeles Philharmonic under the conductor Esa-Pekka Salonen on February 23, 1995. The concerto has a duration of roughly 20 minutes and is composed in three movements: Stucky composed the concerto to feature",
"psg_id": "19404735"
},
{
"title": "Movements for Piano and Orchestra",
"text": "Movements for Piano and Orchestra Movements for Piano and Orchestra is a composition by Igor Stravinsky, written during his serial period, consisting of five short movements altogether lasting around nine minutes. The piece is notable in that it shows Stravinsky's complete dedication to the serial idiom which was notably more tentative in previous serial based compositions and shows the distinct influence of Anton Webern on Stravinsky's own serial language. Stravinsky composed the \"Movements\" on commission by a Swiss industrialist for his pianist wife Margrit Weber, for the sum of $15,000. Mrs. Weber premiered the work at a Stravinsky Festival in",
"psg_id": "17687083"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Orchestra (Neikrug)",
"text": "While the composition is rigorously structured from basic unifying elements, it is intended as a show piece. The musical core of the piece is a series of chords constructed from expanding intervals. These same expanding intervals form the basis of the melodic structure of the piece.\" The work is scored for an orchestra comprising three flutes (3rd doubling piccolo), three oboes (3rd doubling cor anglais), three clarinets (3rd doubling bass clarinet), three bassoons, four horns, three trumpets, two trombones, bass trombone, tuba, timpani, three percussionists, harp, celesta, and strings. Allan Kozinn of \"The New York Times\" gave the Concerto for",
"psg_id": "19348140"
},
{
"title": "Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (Debussy)",
"text": "pianos of the \"Fantaisie\" that same year. After the cancellation of the first performance Debussy, who was very self-critical, withdrew the work and he requested that the \"Fantaisie\" will never be published or performed during his lifetime. This explains why the first performance of the work was given only after his death. Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (Debussy) \"Fantaisie\" for piano and orchestra, L. 73, is a composition for piano and orchestra by French composer Claude Debussy. It was composed between October 1889 and April 1890 but it received its first public performance only in 1919, a year after Debussy's",
"psg_id": "17456596"
},
{
"title": "Hollywood Bowl Orchestra",
"text": "orchestra under its auspices, this time titled \"Hollywood Bowl Orchestra.\" There were four primary reasons for its existence: The first public performances by the orchestra were for Independence Day concerts on July 2–4, 1991 at the Hollywood Bowl with Mauceri conducting and Bruce Hubbard (baritone) as soloist. The program included works by Aaron Copland, Leonard Bernstein, John Williams, George Gershwin, and Jerome Kern among others. John Henken's concert review in the Los Angeles Times praised Mauceri for choosing \"an Americana program that was nicely paced, reasonably varied and made musical as well as patriotic points. More important still, he got",
"psg_id": "9716876"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra",
"text": "Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra The Concerto for Cello, Piano, and String Orchestra is a composition for solo cello, piano, and a large string orchestra by the American composer Ralph Shapey. The work was composed for the cellist Joel Krosnick and the pianist Gilbert Kalish and was first performed at Tanglewood in 1989. It was first performed by Krosnick, Kalish, and the Berkshire Music Chamber Orchestra under the composer on July 31, 1989. The piece was a finalist for the 1990 Pulitzer Prize for Music and shared the top Kennedy Center Friedheim Award prize with William Kraft for",
"psg_id": "19309469"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra (Schuller)",
"text": "Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra (Schuller) The Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra is a composition for string quartet and orchestra by the American composer Gunther Schuller. The work was composed between 1987 and early 1988. Its world premiere was given on February 20, 1988, by the Pro Arte Quartet and the Madison Symphony Orchestra conducted by Schuller. The piece was a finalist for the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for Music. The concerto has a duration of roughly 22 minutes and is cast in four movements: The third and fourth movements are played without interruption. The work is scored for",
"psg_id": "19763407"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra (Schuller)",
"text": "string quartet as a group of soloists, allowing the four players to interact as a quartet and still keeping the group from merging into the orchestral string sections.\" Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra (Schuller) The Concerto for String Quartet and Orchestra is a composition for string quartet and orchestra by the American composer Gunther Schuller. The work was composed between 1987 and early 1988. Its world premiere was given on February 20, 1988, by the Pro Arte Quartet and the Madison Symphony Orchestra conducted by Schuller. The piece was a finalist for the 1988 Pulitzer Prize for Music. The",
"psg_id": "19763409"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Two Flutes and Orchestra",
"text": "much an expression of grief as it is an homage to the beauty and greatness of spirit Lutoslawski's music embodies, and an attempt to honor him on his own terms by concentrating on the harmonic and melodic aspects of music that he held dear.\" Conversely, Stucky described the second movement as \"a scherzo in near-perpetual motion, whose materials (including lots of major and minor triads) are playful and sometimes quirky.\" The final movement features two parallel musical lines: one emanating from the two soloists and the other coming from the orchestra. The composer further described the movement, writing: He concluded,",
"psg_id": "19404737"
},
{
"title": "Rhapsodies for Orchestra",
"text": "Rhapsodies for Orchestra Rhapsodies for Orchestra is a single-movement orchestral composition by the American composer Steven Stucky. The work was jointly commissioned by the New York Philharmonic and the BBC for the Philharmonic's European tour in August and September 2008. The piece had its world premiere August 28, 2008 in Royal Albert Hall at The Proms, with the New York Philharmonic performing under conductor Lorin Maazel. In approaching Stucky with the commission for a new piece, Maazel suggested to Stucky that the composition be \"something rhapsodic\". Stucky later wrote, \"I ran to the dictionary for help. The more I thought",
"psg_id": "18767110"
},
{
"title": "Concerto for Double String Orchestra (Tippett)",
"text": "Symphony No. 3 of 1973, Tippett's humanitarian concerns are clearly evidenced in his use of melodies deriving from, and referring to, folk and popular musical sources. Tippett completed the score on June 6 1939 and it was premiered April 21 1940. When the piece starts it sounds like ritornello form, but it is actually in sonata form. Concerto for Double String Orchestra (Tippett) Michael Tippett's Concerto for Double String Orchestra (1938–39) is one of his most popular and frequently performed works. Like other works of the composer's early maturity such as the First Piano Sonata and the First String Quartet,",
"psg_id": "14784954"
},
{
"title": "Musical composition",
"text": "around a set scale, where the compositional technique might be considered the usage of a particular scale. Others are composed during performance (see improvisation), where a variety of techniques are also sometimes used. Some are used from particular songs which are familiar. The scale for the notes used, including the mode and tonic note, is important in tonal musical composition. Similarly, music of the Middle East employs compositions that are rigidly based on a specific mode (maqam) often within improvisational contexts, as does Indian classical music in both the Hindustani and the Carnatic system. In the music tradition of India",
"psg_id": "589952"
},
{
"title": "Scratch Orchestra (musical ensemble)",
"text": "'Experimental Music' class at Morley College, London, which served as a venue for extra rehearsals for Scratch Orchestra concerts, but Scratch Orchestra rehearsals were also held separately. New Zealand artist/musician Philip Dadson was amongst those at Morley College who were in the foundation group for the Scratch Orchestra and, after returning to New Zealand, established a NZ Scratch Orchestra in 1970, which evolved into the group From Scratch in 1974. The first meeting of the Scratch Orchestra was at St Katharine Docks , 1 July 1969. It was announced by means of a \"Draft Constitution\", published in \"The Musical Times\"",
"psg_id": "6693734"
}
] | [
"milton babbit"
] |
what was the first state to join the union in the 20th century? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Christianity in the 20th century Christianity in the 20th century was characterized by an accelerating secularization of Western society, which had begun in the 19th century, and by the spread of Christianity to non-Western regions of the world. Christian ecumenism grew in importance, beginning at the Edinburgh Missionary Conference in 1910, and accelerated after the Second Vatican Council of the Catholic Church, The Liturgical Movement became significant in both Catholic and Protestant Christianity, especially in Anglicanism. At the same time, state-promoted atheism in communist Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union brought persecution to many Eastern Orthodox and other Christians. Many",
"psg_id": "13413257"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century",
"text": "sponsored by Union Carbide (\"The Discovery Company\"), was renamed \"The 21st Century\". The show's focus changed to the future and to what humankind could look forward to. \"The 21st Century\" was cancelled after three seasons (its final broadcast was on 4 January 1970). The reason given was that the writers had run out of things to talk about. However, CBS may have wished to replace it with a more commercially successful program. The 20th Century The Twentieth Century was a documentary television program sponsored by the Prudential Insurance Company that ran on the CBS network from 20 October 1957 until",
"psg_id": "2903158"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Perón attempted to extend state control over national institutions. Cuba, under atheist Fidel Castro, succeeded in reducing the Church's ability to work by deporting the archbishop and 150 Spanish priests, discriminating against Catholics in public life and education and refusing to accept them as members of the Communist Party. The subsequent flight of 300,000 people from the island also helped to diminish the Church there. Persecutions of the Catholic Church took place not only in Mexico but also in 20th-century Spain and the Soviet Union. Pius XI called this the \"terrible triangle\". The \"harsh persecution short of total annihilation of",
"psg_id": "13413294"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "of clergy and confiscation of Catholic schools as Perón attempted to extend state control over national institutions. Cuba, under atheist Fidel Castro, succeeded in reducing the Church's ability to work by deporting the archbishop and 150 Spanish priests, discriminating against Catholics in public life and education and refusing to accept them as members of the Communist Party. The subsequent flight of 300,000 people from the island also helped to diminish the Church there. Authoritarianism or Fascism describes certain related political regimes in 20th-century Europe, especially the Nazi Germany of Hitler, the authoritarian Soviet Union, the Fascist Italy of Mussolini and",
"psg_id": "13868835"
},
{
"title": "Galicia in the 20th century",
"text": "described by Méndez Ferrín) and the Galician Socialist Party (PSG, with X.M.Beiras and García Bodaño) was formed. Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\")",
"psg_id": "8477605"
},
{
"title": "Galicia in the 20th century",
"text": "Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\") began to appear to promote the Galician language. When they began to expand, the political idea of",
"psg_id": "8477601"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "became famous. In previous centuries people could only become famous by doing something that was remembered ages later. Julius Caesar and Napoleon Bonaparte conquered countries, Jesus Christ developed a religion, ... In the 20th century people could become world-famous in less than no time and without doing anything, thanks to the arrival of mass media. Movie stars like Charlie Chaplin, for instance, became global stars due to the nearly universal reach of film. James cites Chaplin as the first truly world-famous 20th century celebrity. The invention of the film close-up made people on film screens appear larger than life and",
"psg_id": "12363888"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "of what the public associates with the celebrity or to show them during a more casual moment, instead of as an icon. Examples are: Clive James included them because these celebrities were internationally famous at the turn of the 19th century into the 20th century. William Randolph Hearst, Thomas Alva Edison, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, Leon Tolstoy, Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling, Sarah Bernhardt, Isadora Duncan and Buffalo Bill. Enrico Caruso, Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, Louis Blériot, Marie Curie, Theodore Roosevelt, Florence Lawrence, Francis X. Bushman, William S. Hart, Theda Bara, Harry Houdini, Robert Falcon Scott, Roald",
"psg_id": "12363895"
},
{
"title": "Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century",
"text": "Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century was the first exhibition focussed on artists of the 20th century to be held by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The show, whose title is also \"Modern Times\" in Dutch and which ran from November 2014 to January 2015, was also the first exhibition to be held in the re-opened Philips Wing, a part of the museum that was remodeled to host temporary exhibitions. It was the museum's second photography exhibition after its successful \"A new art: Photography in the 19th century\", held in 1996.",
"psg_id": "18379221"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy. However, there have been exceptions to this rule. Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century have sent written State of the Union addresses. The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981, after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended. For many years, the speech was referred to as \"the President's Annual Message to Congress\". The actual term \"State of the Union\" first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its",
"psg_id": "476435"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "Fame in the 20th Century Fame in the 20th Century is a 1993 BBC documentary television series and book by Clive James. The book and series examined the phenomenon of fame and how it expanded to international mass media proportions throughout the 20th century. The 8 episodes were divided in roughly 8 decades, from the 1900s to the 1980s. Each episode highlighted world-famous people during that part of the century. James delivered interesting and amusing comments about the portrayed celebrities and the various ways they became famous. In the United States, the series were broadcast on PBS, though some footage",
"psg_id": "12363885"
},
{
"title": "20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union",
"text": "20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union The 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was held during the period 14–25 February 1956. It is known especially for First Secretary Nikita Khrushchev's \"Secret Speech\", which denounced the personality cult and dictatorship of Joseph Stalin. Delegates at this Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were given no advance warning of what to expect. Indeed, proceedings were opened by First Secretary Khruschev's call for all to stand in memory of the Communist leaders who had died since the previous Congress, in which he",
"psg_id": "18126837"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "swastika membership pins, swastika-decorated handkerchief and a magazine titled, \"The Swastika\". Their version of the symbol was square with right facing arms. The club was formed at the beginning of the 20th century to encourage young women to sell magazine subscriptions. The 1939 Tennessee State University yearbook lists a \"Swastika Club\" among women's student organisations. The group focused on literature, scholarship and \"clear and straight thinking\". Tennessee State is the only state-funded historically Black university in Tennessee. The yearbook for Catawba College in Salisbury, North Carolina, first published in 1927, was known as the \"Swastika\", after a Native American design",
"psg_id": "9319163"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "of TV Is My Pacifier said \"“20th Century Fox Mambo” got a complete staging, and we only saw Karen auditioning the song. From what I saw about the dancing, it was very solid, but I would’ve like some shots of Ivy doing the same routine. The same counts for the singing, it would’ve been nice to have heard Megan singing the song (in part), as well.\" Scott Brown of Vulture describes the song as a \"frothy style spread that uses [Marylin Monroe's] early, Norma Jean–era screen test for 20th Century Fox...to blow out a number that's easily detachable from a",
"psg_id": "17087994"
},
{
"title": "Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century",
"text": "of the sources of inspiration for the show (\"To collect photography is to collect the world\"). The last works in the show are color portrait photos taken in Suriname by the youngest artist in the show, the Dutch photographer Viviane Sassen. The list of artists represented in the show is presented on the gallery wall as a timeline. In order of appearance (sorted by birth date), they are as follows: Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century was the first exhibition focussed on artists of the 20th century to be held by the",
"psg_id": "18379225"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "to die while giving birth compared to white women. Towards the end of the 20th century, black women are three times as likely to die while giving birth. This disparity is often cited as a lack in stronger Health care in the United States. Death rates in the 20th century Death Rates in the 20th century is the ratio of deaths compared to the population around the world throughout the 20th century. When giving these ratios, they are most commonly expressed by number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Many factors contribute to death rates such as cause of",
"psg_id": "469581"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century",
"text": "The 20th Century The Twentieth Century was a documentary television program sponsored by the Prudential Insurance Company that ran on the CBS network from 20 October 1957 until 4 January 1970. It was hosted by Walter Cronkite. The opening and closing theme music was written by composer George Antheil. The program presented filmed reports on news and cultural events that were important for the development of the 20th century. The show did not just present the events, but also interpreted them. Such subjects as World War I and major assassinations were presented in context. On 20 January 1967, the show,",
"psg_id": "2903157"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Upon greeting John Paul II, the Romanian Patriarch Teoctist stated: \"The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity.\" Pope John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as Ukraine, despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that healing the divisions between Western and Eastern Christianity was one of his fondest wishes. Christianity in the 20th century Christianity in the 20th century was characterized by an accelerating secularization of Western society, which had begun in",
"psg_id": "13413303"
},
{
"title": "The Imaginary 20th Century",
"text": "and the curatorial idea for \"The Imaginary 20th Century\", evolved out of Bistis’ research for “Comic Art: The Paris Salon in Caricature,” a 2003 exhibition organized by the Getty Research Institute. Klein and Bistis started work on the project with support from California Institute of the Arts, though principal support came from ZKM/Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe and the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. The first iteration of \"The Imaginary 20th Century\" interface was built by Andreas Kratky, Klein’s collaborator on \"Bleeding Through\". It premiered in 2007, in \"YOU-ser: The Century of the Consumer,\" an",
"psg_id": "19635678"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "In the middle of 20th century America, the leading cause of death was heart disease with an impressive 355.5 deaths per 100,000 followed by cancer at 139.8 deaths per 100,000. Although death rates dropped significantly in the latter part of the 20th century, the leading killers are still constant. The United States saw 192.9 people per 100,000 die from heart disease in 2010 followed by cancer with 185.9 people per 100,000. The world population in the 20th century experienced a large amount of death due to two major world wars. World War II was responsible for the most war related",
"psg_id": "469575"
},
{
"title": "The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century",
"text": "The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century () is a book that was published in 1993 by \"The Ring\" magazine editors Steve Farhood and Stanley Weston. The book has chapters for each of the decades that comprised the 20th century, with special pages dedicated to Jack Johnson, Jimmy Wilde, Benny Leonard, Jack Dempsey, Mickey Walker, Henry Armstrong, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Sugar Ray Robinson, Muhammad Ali, Roberto Durán, Sugar Ray Leonard, Barry McGuigan and Mike Tyson. The book covers news making boxing events from 1900 to 1992, with such article names as \"When the judges",
"psg_id": "2707333"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "Allmusic review by Heather Phares notes that \"a Chicago-style brassiness dominates \"The 20th Century Fox Mambo\" and \"Let's Be Bad,\" both of which sound the most like genuine show tunes\". The 20th Century Fox Mambo \"The 20th Century Fox Mambo\" is an original song introduced in the second episode of the first season of the musical TV series \"Smash\", entitled \"The Callback\". It was written by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman, but in the show's universe, it was written by songwriting team Tom Levitt (Christian Borle) and Julia Houston (Debra Messing) for their Marilyn Monroe musical \"Bombshell\". In \"The Callback\"",
"psg_id": "17087998"
},
{
"title": "The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century",
"text": "need judges\" (about Lupe Pintor's decision win over Carlos Zarate), \"Ellis in Wonderland\" (when Joe Frazier conquered the world Heavyweight title knocking out Jimmy Ellis) and \"Midnight for the Cinderella Man\" (when Joe Louis conquered the world Heavyweight title knocking out James J. Braddock, nicknamed \"Cinderella Man\"). The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century () is a book that was published in 1993 by \"The Ring\" magazine editors Steve Farhood and Stanley Weston. The book has chapters for each of the decades that comprised the 20th century, with special pages dedicated to Jack Johnson, Jimmy",
"psg_id": "2707334"
},
{
"title": "New Jersey in the 20th century",
"text": "to defend against an attack by long range, nuclear-armed aircraft of the Soviet Air Force. In 1998, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in the case of \"New Jersey v. New York\" that most of Ellis Island came under the jurisdiction of New Jersey. New York State disputed this claim and retains jurisdiction of a small portion of the island. The dispute has little practical effect since the federal government administers the island through the National Park Service. New Jersey in the 20th century New Jersey in the twentieth century underwent many changes. New Jersey's position along the",
"psg_id": "6869695"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "Death rates in the 20th century Death Rates in the 20th century is the ratio of deaths compared to the population around the world throughout the 20th century. When giving these ratios, they are most commonly expressed by number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Many factors contribute to death rates such as cause of death, increasing the death rate, an aging population, which could increase and decrease the death rates by birth rates, and improvements in public health, decreasing the death rate. According to the CIA World Factbook, , the global crude death rate is 7.99 deaths/1,000 population.",
"psg_id": "469573"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "After the October Revolution, there was a movement within the Soviet Union to unite all of the people of the world under Communist rule. This included the Eastern Bloc as well as the Balkan states. Since some of these Slavic states tied their ethnic heritage to their ethnic churches, both the peoples and their church where targeted by the Soviets. Criticism of atheism was strictly forbidden and sometimes lead to imprisonment. The Soviet Union was the first state to have as an ideological objective the elimination of religion. Toward that end, the communist regime confiscated church property, ridiculed religion, harassed",
"psg_id": "13413260"
},
{
"title": "Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century",
"text": "the book was adapted into a stage production by Rude Mechanicals (a.k.a. Rude Mechs) of Austin, TX. The play has been performed all across the United States- including a stint Off-Broadway in 2001- and in Salzburg, Austria. In 2005, the play was invited to join the New York Public Library's Dramatic Literature Archive. Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century Lipstick Traces: A Secret History of the 20th Century (1989) is a non-fiction book by American rock-music critic Greil Marcus that examines popular music and art as a social critique of Western culture. The book covers 20th century",
"psg_id": "3280309"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the 20th Century",
"text": "It was eventually dissolved when Bejart moved to Switzerland to form Béjart Ballet in Lausanne in 1987. Ballet of the 20th Century Ballet of the 20th Century (), was a ballet and contemporary dance company in Brussels, Belgium in 1960, by the French/Swiss choreographer Maurice Béjart. For many years it was the official dance company of the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie. The company was known for including South and East Asian elements in its performances. Bejart had previously founded a company in Paris, which he named first Les Ballets de l'Étoile, and later Ballet Théâtre de Maurice Bejart. When",
"psg_id": "13714517"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "1 year old. In 1999, at the end of the century, the infant mortality rate in the United States declined more than 90% to 7.2 deaths per 1,000 live births. Similarly, maternal mortality rates declined almost 99% to less than 0.1 reported deaths per 1,000 live births. There are a variety of causes for this steep decline in death rates in the 20th century: Despite these tremendous decreases in infant mortality and maternal mortality, the 20th century experienced significant disparities between minority death rates compared to death rates for white mothers. In the 1900s, black women were twice as likely",
"psg_id": "469580"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the 20th Century",
"text": "Ballet of the 20th Century Ballet of the 20th Century (), was a ballet and contemporary dance company in Brussels, Belgium in 1960, by the French/Swiss choreographer Maurice Béjart. For many years it was the official dance company of the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie. The company was known for including South and East Asian elements in its performances. Bejart had previously founded a company in Paris, which he named first Les Ballets de l'Étoile, and later Ballet Théâtre de Maurice Bejart. When he moved to Brussels in 1960, he relocated the company and renamed it Ballet du XXme Siècle.",
"psg_id": "13714516"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "stated: \"The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity.\" Pope John Paul II visited other strongly Orthodox areas such as Ukraine, despite lack of welcome at times. He said that healing the divisions between Western and Eastern Christianity was one of his fondest wishes. Catholic Church in the 20th century The Roman Catholic Church in the 20th century had to respond to the challenge of increasing secularization of Western society and persecution resulting from great social unrest",
"psg_id": "13868869"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo \"The 20th Century Fox Mambo\" is an original song introduced in the second episode of the first season of the musical TV series \"Smash\", entitled \"The Callback\". It was written by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman, but in the show's universe, it was written by songwriting team Tom Levitt (Christian Borle) and Julia Houston (Debra Messing) for their Marilyn Monroe musical \"Bombshell\". In \"The Callback\" episode, Karen Cartwright (Katharine McPhee) needs to give a dance audition for the producing team as part of trying to get the role of Marilyn in \"Bombshell\". She works with",
"psg_id": "17087990"
},
{
"title": "CAF Clubs of the 20th Century",
"text": "has not been considered. Clubs' performance on the first edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, held in Brazil in January 2000, has been included in the ranking. CAF's classification of African clubs is made on the following basis: Top Ten Africa's clubs of the 20th Century: Based on this statistical study, Egypt's Al-Ahly was named as \"African club of the century\" by the continental governing body on 31 December 2000. CAF Clubs of the 20th Century On 31 December 2000 the Confederation of African Football (CAF) has published a ranking with the most successful clubs of the 20th century",
"psg_id": "13833077"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait is a collection of some of George Strait's greatest Christmas songs. It was released in 2003 by MCA Nashville. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait\" received three out of five stars from William Ruhlmann of Allmusic. In his review, Ruhlmann laments that \"this compilation is not what it might have been\" because \"Strait seems intent on rewarding his current crop of contributing songwriters by including plenty of their mediocre contributions",
"psg_id": "12504821"
},
{
"title": "Leaving the 20th Century",
"text": "go out and buy the single when it was released so it would be No.1 in the charts so we would not have to have another shit No.1 and further said \"So Knock The F*ckers Off The Top Eh\" this was omitted from the VHS or DVD release. The subtitled English lyrics, available as an extra, contain errors when compared to the official lyrics in the band's album booklets. The concert is available on VHS and DVD. Leaving the 20th Century Leaving the 20th Century is a recording of the Manic Millennium concert by the Welsh rock band Manic Street",
"psg_id": "9963472"
},
{
"title": "The First Measured Century",
"text": "a documentary film, the book does not follow the synopsis of the film and does not include much of the narrative material. Instead, fifteen chapters provide a dense array of time series data and interpretive essays about American society in the 20th century. The companion volume has become a standard source of reference material about America in the 20th century. \"The First Measured Century\" received a Gold Award for Documentary Production at WorldFest Houston and the bronze medal at the 2001 Telly Awards. The First Measured Century received favorable notice in \"The New York Times,\" and \"Teaching Sociology\". The companion",
"psg_id": "20138977"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "Catholic Church in the 20th century The Roman Catholic Church in the 20th century had to respond to the challenge of increasing secularization of Western society and persecution resulting from great social unrest and revolutions in several countries. It instituted many reforms, particularly in the 1970s under the Vatican II Council, in order to modernize practices and positions. In this period, Catholic missionaries in the Far East worked to improve education and health care, while evangelizing peoples and attracting numerous followers in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. The Industrial Revolution brought many concerns about the deteriorating working and living conditions",
"psg_id": "13868820"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Hour",
"text": "The 20th Century Fox Hour The 20th Century Fox Hour is an American drama anthology series televised in the United States on CBS from 1955 to 1957. Some of the shows in this series were restored, remastered and shown on the Fox Movie Channel in 2002 under the title Hour of Stars (its title when the series was originally syndicated after 1957). The season one episode \"Overnight Haul\", starring Richard Conte and Lizabeth Scott, was released in Australia as a feature film. Presenting both originals and remakes, \"The 20th Century Fox Hour\" was telecast on Wednesday nights at 10pm, alternating",
"psg_id": "9155766"
},
{
"title": "Leaving the 20th Century",
"text": "Leaving the 20th Century Leaving the 20th Century is a recording of the Manic Millennium concert by the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers, released in 2000. The concert was announced on October 5th 1998 and which also celebrated the 10th anniversary of the band, was performed on the New Year's Eve night 1999-2000 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in front of more than 57,000 fans. The event became international as the final song of the event was broadcast live all over the world through satellites, the entire concert was broadcast Live on London's 104.9 XFM, support came from",
"psg_id": "9963470"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "to my theory that said song won't arrive until somebody figures out what Marilyn is actually about. Noel Murray of The AV Club says that he \"liked [the song] quite a bit\", though adds in his opinion it should have been titled \"The 20th Century Foxtrot\". In regard to McPhee's performance, he noted that \"in the studio, she hits all the notes and all the steps, but without much life\", and adds that \"to [him], Karen was much more appealing when she was awkwardly rehearsing the dance in her apartment, and getting embarrassed by her boyfriend Dev watching her\". An",
"psg_id": "17087997"
},
{
"title": "The Imaginary 20th Century",
"text": "The Imaginary 20th Century The Imaginary 20th Century is a historical comic novel written by Norman M. Klein in collaboration with Gilded Age historian Margo Bistis. It is available in print (2016) and as an e-book with a companion narrated media archive (2014). The novel originated as an interactive archive with related solo and group exhibitions prior to publication. In 2012, Klein and Bistis coined the term \"wunder-roman\" to describe their alternative genre.As described in the novel, this term references a mythical 19th-century version of the picaresque novel where the layers—as story roll along a water wheel. The original documents,",
"psg_id": "19635677"
},
{
"title": "Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt",
"text": "modern reform. However, the issue then becomes how to rearrange the conditions of Egyptian society to permit what would be an enormous transformation of the Egyptian way of life. Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt Islamic Extremism is any form of Islam that opposes \"democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs.\" These extreme beliefs have led to radical actions in the past across the Middle East, and Egypt itself has a long history of these radical and extreme sects of Islam with roots dating back to around 660 CE. Islamic",
"psg_id": "16428255"
},
{
"title": "New Jersey in the 20th century",
"text": "kidnapper while passing the ransom bills. Meanwhile, Arthur Koehler, a federal expert, carefully examined the ladder used by the kidnapper. He traced the ladder to a company in McCormick, South Carolina. Finally, a ransom note was located and traced to Bruno Hauptmann; the bill had the license plate number of Hauptmann's blue Dodge Saloon that was written down by a gas attendant. He was tried in Flemington, New Jersey in what was known as the \"Trial of the Century\", and was convicted. Bruno Hauptmann was electrocuted in the New Jersey State Prison in Trenton, New Jersey. As a result of",
"psg_id": "6869683"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Maureen McGovern",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Maureen McGovern 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Maureen McGovern is a 12-track collection of songs that Maureen McGovern recorded for 20th Century Records, which was the first label that she signed with. All seven of her singles for the label are featured on this CD, two of which make their first appearance on an album (\"Even Better Than I Know Myself\" and \"Love Songs Are Getting Harder to Sing\"). Inside the album cover are McGovern's discography for 20th Century and a biographical essay written by",
"psg_id": "11563908"
},
{
"title": "Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt",
"text": "sects that were formed, but the sect itself would not continue to exist like the Sunni or Shia. During the 20th century, Egypt experienced several waves of revolutions to regain control of their nation from colonial rulers as to create a modern nation-state. Much of Egypt was Muslim at the time although there were significant numbers of Jews and Christians as well, but many of the political revolutions that Egypt experienced were centered on religions and how they related to politics. “The result was an ideological conflict over the direction of the Egyptian nation, over who had the legitimate authority",
"psg_id": "16428229"
},
{
"title": "The Imaginary 20th Century",
"text": "world. Part II of the book contains four essays: on the curating of the archive; on “picaresque disasters”; on the future city; and on the “automated utopia.” This serves as another layer, but also as a hinge between the media narrative and the novel. Readers and viewers make the transit from fiction to scholarship, and back again, from narrative hooks in the story, to spaces between the images. The Imaginary 20th Century The Imaginary 20th Century is a historical comic novel written by Norman M. Klein in collaboration with Gilded Age historian Margo Bistis. It is available in print (2016)",
"psg_id": "19635683"
},
{
"title": "Lost Animals of the 20th Century",
"text": "Lost Animals of the 20th Century Lost Animals of the 20th Century is a 16-episode documentary series shown on the Discovery Channel in the 1990s. It features animals that have become extinct throughout the 20th century. Animals are adjudged as such when the last specimen of the species dies sometime from 1901 to 2000. However, since the show was produced in the 1990s (still part of the 20th century), most of the animals covered became extinct in the early part of the century. Greta Scacchi introduces each episode during the title sequence and narrates episodes 1 through 8. Lin Sagovsky",
"psg_id": "7973681"
},
{
"title": "American social dancing in the 20th century",
"text": "to big band music, while jazz dance was done to jazz music. The 20th century brought about a change in social dances. The \"old fashioned and out of step\" dances such as \"the waltz and polka\" needed to make way \"for something different and new\". In the past, only upper class dances had been recorded because lower class dances were \"not deemed worthy of record\". However, now in the 20th century, \"the Industrial Age was upon us, a new middle class was emerging and great social ... innovations were on the horizon\". The upper class even became more accepting of",
"psg_id": "18417270"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Limited",
"text": "Union Station in Chicago. Otherwise it follows a route similar to the \"20th Century's\", except west of Whiting, Indiana (near Chicago), where it switches to the former Pennsylvania Railroad's Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railway. Eastbound train #38—\"Advance 20th Century Limited\", on February 7, 1930; Sampled at Chicago, Illinois. Westbound train #25—\"20th Century Limited\", on March 17, 1938; Sampled at New York, New York Eastbound train #26—\"20th Century Limited\", on September 6, 1943; departing Chicago, Illinois. Westbound train #25—\"20th Century Limited\", on March 30, 1965, sampled at Cleveland, Ohio The \"20th Century Limited\" was the setting for a Broadway musical",
"psg_id": "3806893"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Steppenwolf",
"text": "notes by Joseph Laredo and was digitally remastered by Erick Labson (MCA Music Media Studios, North Hollywood, California). It was certified \"Gold\" by the Recording Industry Association of America on October 29, 2004, the first output by Steppenwolf to earn such a designation since \"16 Greatest Hits\" went gold on April 12, 1971. 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Steppenwolf 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Steppenwolf, released by Universal Music as part of their 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection series, is a CD that collects material by Steppenwolf from",
"psg_id": "11019322"
},
{
"title": "The First Measured Century",
"text": "& D Foundation. The William H. Donner Foundation separately sponsored preparation of the companion volume. The First Measured Century The First Measured Century: The Other Way of Looking at American History is a three-hour PBS documentary film hosted by Ben J. Wattenberg. The film was produced for PBS by BJW, Inc. and New River Media, Inc. and was first broadcast in December 2000. The film traces American history during the 20th century through a sequence of vignettes of pioneering social scientists who used numerical tools to examine America. The film mixes archival footage, archival still photography and artwork, interviews with",
"psg_id": "20138981"
},
{
"title": "The First Measured Century",
"text": "The First Measured Century The First Measured Century: The Other Way of Looking at American History is a three-hour PBS documentary film hosted by Ben J. Wattenberg. The film was produced for PBS by BJW, Inc. and New River Media, Inc. and was first broadcast in December 2000. The film traces American history during the 20th century through a sequence of vignettes of pioneering social scientists who used numerical tools to examine America. The film mixes archival footage, archival still photography and artwork, interviews with contemporary experts, graphical animations of statistical trends, and on-camera narrative appearances by the host. Information",
"psg_id": "20138974"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "protested against deportation of Jews in the Netherlands, the Nazis responded with even more severe measures. Neo-orthodoxy is a branch of Protestant thought arose in the early 20th century in the context of the rise of the Third Reich in Germany and the accompanying political and ecclesiastical destabilization of Europe in the years before and during World War II. Neo-orthodoxy's highly contextual, dialectical modes of argument and reasoning often rendered its main premises incomprehensible to American thinkers and clergy, and it was frequently either dismissed out of hand as unrealistic or cast into the reigning left- or right-wing molds of",
"psg_id": "13413264"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "return of Jesus Christ. The movement divided over these and other factors over time into those now known as Fundamentalists, retaining its name, and those known as Evangelicals, retaining its original concerns. In the early 20th century when the Anglo-Catholic Movement was at its height, the Anglican Communion had hundreds of orders and communities. However, since the 1960s there has been a sharp falling off in the numbers of religious in many parts of the Anglican Communion, most notably in the United Kingdom and the United States. Many once large and international communities have been reduced to a single convent",
"psg_id": "13413281"
},
{
"title": "History of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century",
"text": "History of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century The history of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century is as old as the United States itself; it is a part of overall U.S. Jewish history. That history begins early in the history of the first Jewish congregation in New York. Attached to that congregation was a school in which secular as well as Hebrew branches were taught. It was one of the earliest general schools in America; poor children received tuition-free instruction. Religious instruction was established in connection with most of the early",
"psg_id": "4049828"
},
{
"title": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century",
"text": "film can be purchased from the Uncommon Friends Foundation, a nonprofit organization founded by James D. Newton that provides educational scholarships to business students. Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century is a 1999 documentary film about Florida businessman James D. Newton and the relationships he enjoyed with five key historic figures: Thomas A. Edison, Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone and Alexis Carrel. The film, which was directed by first-time filmmaker John Biffar and narrated by Walter Cronkite, included interviews with Newton (who was 94 years old at the time of production), archival footage",
"psg_id": "12174250"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "fever, polio, measles, hepatitis among others. However, war, genocide and Holocausts have led to many millions of deaths throughout the century, and late in the century AIDS had already killed millions, particularly in Africa and south-east Asia. Cancer also killed millions via lifestyle and pollution generated by increased work in factories. During the 20th century, an enormous improvement in public health led to an overall decrease in death rates. Infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates have dramatically decreased. In the early 1900s, 6-9 women died in pregnancy-related complications for every 1,000 births, while 100 infants died before they were",
"psg_id": "469579"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "into the 20th century, Catholics—even if no longer resorting to persecution—still defined Protestants as heretics. Thus, Hilaire Belloc - in his time one of the most conspicuous speakers for Catholicism in Britain - was outspoken about the \"Protestant heresy\". He also defined Islam as \"A Christian heresy\", on the grounds that Muslims accept many of the tenets of Christianity but deny the godhood of Jesus (see Hilaire Belloc#On Islam). In the second half of the century - and especially in the wake of Vatican II - the Catholic Church, in the spirit of ecumenism, no longer referred to Protestantism as",
"psg_id": "13868863"
},
{
"title": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century",
"text": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century is a 1999 documentary film about Florida businessman James D. Newton and the relationships he enjoyed with five key historic figures: Thomas A. Edison, Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone and Alexis Carrel. The film, which was directed by first-time filmmaker John Biffar and narrated by Walter Cronkite, included interviews with Newton (who was 94 years old at the time of production), archival footage and dramatic re-enactments. The film had a brief theatrical release, and reviews were mostly negative. Lawrence Van Gelder, writing in \"The New York Times\",",
"psg_id": "12174248"
},
{
"title": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century",
"text": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century Handsome Boys of the 20th Century () is a South Korean variety-reality show which aired on the cable channel QTV (). It began airing on April 16, 2013 and ran for two seasons with a total of 29 episodes. The show features five members from four disbanded or inactive \"\" K-pop idol groups, which debuted during the 1990s: H.O.T. (1996–2001), Sechs Kies (1997–2000; 2016–Present), NRG (1997–2006; 2017–Present) and g.o.d (1999–Present). H.O.T. is acknowledged to be the first ever highly successful K-pop idol group and was largely rivaled by Sechs Kies. NRG was a pioneer",
"psg_id": "20371717"
},
{
"title": "20th century in science",
"text": "his group achieved the first total synthesis of Taxol. In 1995, Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman produced the first Bose–Einstein condensate, a substance that displays quantum mechanical properties on the macroscopic scale. One of the prominent traits of the 20th century was the dramatic growth of technology. Organized research and practice of science led to advancement in the fields of communication, engineering, travel, medicine, and war. 20th century in science Science advanced dramatically during the 20th century. There were new and radical developments in the physical, life and human sciences, building on the progress made in the 19th century. In",
"psg_id": "20567843"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "and a range of Protestant traditions. The Order understands its charism to include not only ecumenical efforts and the traditional emphases of the Franciscans in general, but also to help to develop relationships between the various Franciscan orders. Liberal Christianity, sometimes called liberal theology, is an umbrella term covering diverse, philosophically-informed religious movements and moods within late-18th-, 19th- and 20th-century Christianity. The word \"liberal\" in liberal Christianity does not refer to a leftist \"political\" agenda or set of beliefs, but rather to the freedom of dialectic process associated with continental philosophy and other philosophical and religious paradigms developed during the",
"psg_id": "13413278"
},
{
"title": "Response to the State of the Union address",
"text": "a prerecorded 45-minute TV program in 1970 to a call-in show in 1972 where a panel of congressmen answered unrehearsed questions from callers. Since the late 1980s, it usually has been a televised speech given soon after the State of the Union address. Three people have given both a response and a State of the Union address: Democrat Bill Clinton and Republicans Gerald Ford and George H. W. Bush. First organized, televised response to a presidential State of the Union message<br>Denotes prerecorded program<br>Randomly selected Democratic voters participated in this televised discussion In addition to responses to official State of the",
"psg_id": "14257126"
},
{
"title": "World Team of the 20th Century",
"text": "World Team of the 20th Century The World Team of the 20th Century was chosen in 1998 to comprise the best association football players of the 20th century CE. The team comprises an eleven-member side, with one goalkeeper, four defenders, three midfielders, and three forwards. The team was announced on 10 June 1998, in conjunction with the opening ceremonies of the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. The team was selected in plurality voting undertaken by a panel of 250 international football journalists from amongst the members of eleven-member sides styled as the \"South American\" and \"European Teams of the",
"psg_id": "9498558"
},
{
"title": "Pirates of the 20th Century",
"text": "ship, manage to escape and must fight the pirates for survival. Pirates of the 20th Century Pirates of the 20th Century (, translit. \"Piraty XX veka\") is a 1980 Soviet action/adventure film about modern piracy. The film was directed by Boris Durov, the story was written by Boris Durov and Stanislav Govorukhin. The film was the leader of Soviet distribution in 1980 and had 87.6 million viewers. The film begins with a convoy of military vehicles rolling into a seaport located somewhere in Middle East in the bank of Indian or Pacific Ocean and stopping near the pier where the",
"psg_id": "10027261"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Fascist forces. One of the most striking developments in modern historical Orthodoxy is the dispersion of Orthodox Christians to the West. Emigration from Greece and the Near East in the 20th century created a sizable Orthodox diaspora in Western Europe, North and South America, and Australia. In addition, the Bolshevik Revolution forced thousands of Russian exiles westward. As a result, Orthodoxy's traditional frontiers have been profoundly modified. Millions of Orthodox are no longer geographically \"eastern\" since they live permanently in their newly adopted countries in the West. Nonetheless, they remain Eastern Orthodox in their faith and practice. Virtually all the",
"psg_id": "13413296"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "even for non-jazz fans or experts. Pelé became the most famous association football player, even in the US: one of the few countries in the world where the sport isn't popular. People who know nothing about art have heard of the name Pablo Picasso and know his style. People who are not interested in tennis have heard of John McEnroe, due to his bad behavior on the tennis court. More people know Luciano Pavarotti than Plácido Domingo. Clive James focused on fame in the 20th century, because the arrival of mass media, film and television changed forever the ways people",
"psg_id": "12363887"
},
{
"title": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century – Alfred Brendel III",
"text": "is fascinating to hear what he makes of this music. This Chopin playing, even in one of the big polonaises, is too brusque and rhythmically unyielding, even as it is emotionally honest and bristling with energy.\" All tracks are reissues from Philips Classics Records unless otherwise noted. Great Pianists of the 20th Century – Alfred Brendel III Great Pianists of the 20th Century - Alfred Brendel III is volume 14 of the Great Pianists of the 20th Century box set and is the third of three volumes dedicated to him. It features music by the composers Felix Mendelssohn, Carl Maria",
"psg_id": "14011173"
},
{
"title": "Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt",
"text": "Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt Islamic Extremism is any form of Islam that opposes \"democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs.\" These extreme beliefs have led to radical actions in the past across the Middle East, and Egypt itself has a long history of these radical and extreme sects of Islam with roots dating back to around 660 CE. Islamic extremism in Egypt has been the cause of much terrorism and controversy in the country in the 20th century, and still continues to be a main issue in the",
"psg_id": "16428226"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba",
"text": "while \"This Is My Prayer for You\" is the \"most memorable\" of the non-standards. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire\" peaked at number 67 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire is a compilation of songs from Reba McEntire's two Christmas albums (\"Merry Christmas to You\" and \"\") for release in 2003 on a \"20th Century Masters\" Christmas collection. No new material was recorded for the compilation. \"20th Century Masters",
"psg_id": "8922037"
},
{
"title": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century",
"text": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century Great Pianists of the 20th Century was a 200-CD box set released by Philips Records in 1999 and sponsored by Steinway & Sons. The box set comprises 100 volumes featuring 72 pianists of the 20th century, each volume with two CDs and a booklet about the life and work of the featured pianist. The set contains a variety of composers from different eras, from Baroque to Contemporary classical. The material was the result of a collaborative association between Philips (who had access to the Polygram Records back catalogue) and a number of other labels,",
"psg_id": "10823602"
},
{
"title": "The Adventures of Una Persson and Catherine Cornelius in the 20th Century",
"text": "The Adventures of Una Persson and Catherine Cornelius in the 20th Century The Adventures of Una Persson and Catherine Cornelius in the 20th Century: A Romance is a novel by British fantasy and science fiction writer Michael Moorcock. It is part of his long running Jerry Cornelius series. It was first published in 1976 by Quartet Books in the UK. Catherine Cornelius and Una Persson (usually supporting characters in the Jerry Cornelius novels) grow bored of their current tranquil existence together as lovers and separate in search of adventure. Their stories are told in parallel from this point until the",
"psg_id": "11240781"
},
{
"title": "New Jersey in the 20th century",
"text": "New Jersey in the 20th century New Jersey in the twentieth century underwent many changes. New Jersey's position along the Atlantic Ocean made it a prominent part of both of the World Wars. Despite rising in the Roaring Twenties, New Jersey's economy slowed with the start of the Great Depression. It also became a site for Nike missile batteries during the Cold War. In the 1960s, several race riots occurred following the start of urban decay. Through the 1970s, urbanization increased again, and these problems slowed down. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing,",
"psg_id": "6869670"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Age of Enlightenment. Despite its name, liberal Christianity has always been thoroughly protean. Enlightenment-era liberalism held that man is a political creature and that liberty of thought and expression should be his highest value. The development of liberal Christianity owes much of its progression to the works of philosophers Immanuel Kant and Friedrich Schleiermacher. As a whole, liberal Christianity is a product of a continuing philosophical dialogue. Many 20th-century liberal Christians have been influenced by philosophers Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger. Examples of important liberal Christian thinkers are Rudolf Bultmann and John A.T. Robinson. Fundamentalist Christianity began as a less",
"psg_id": "13413279"
},
{
"title": "Sounds of the 20th Century",
"text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012. Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year. Featuring nothing that wasn’t heard, seen or read at the time, other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine, the series does not feature any explanations, reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips. Instead, the series' website provided a list and description of the audio items, which was also",
"psg_id": "9478648"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Hour",
"text": "in the season one episode \"Overnight Haul\". The episode was later released in Australia as a feature film, after her final starring role in 1957's \"Loving You\" and many of the films in the series were released in the UK as supporting films in the late 1950s. The 20th Century Fox Hour The 20th Century Fox Hour is an American drama anthology series televised in the United States on CBS from 1955 to 1957. Some of the shows in this series were restored, remastered and shown on the Fox Movie Channel in 2002 under the title Hour of Stars (its",
"psg_id": "9155769"
},
{
"title": "Pirates of the 20th Century",
"text": "Pirates of the 20th Century Pirates of the 20th Century (, translit. \"Piraty XX veka\") is a 1980 Soviet action/adventure film about modern piracy. The film was directed by Boris Durov, the story was written by Boris Durov and Stanislav Govorukhin. The film was the leader of Soviet distribution in 1980 and had 87.6 million viewers. The film begins with a convoy of military vehicles rolling into a seaport located somewhere in Middle East in the bank of Indian or Pacific Ocean and stopping near the pier where the Soviet cargo ship \"Nezhin\" () is anchored. An agent of a",
"psg_id": "10027256"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "America, South America and Australia, the other three continents where Christianity is the dominant professed religion, religious observance is much higher than in Europe. South America, historically Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th century with the influx of Christian missionaries from abroad. For example: Brazil, South America's largest country, is the largest Catholic country in the world and is the largest Evangelical country in the world (based on population). Some of the largest Christian congregations in the world are found in Brazil. In the U.S. and elsewhere in the world, there has been a",
"psg_id": "13413270"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "future. Croatian art of the 20th century Croatian art of the 20th century, that is visual arts within the boundaries of today's Croatia, can be divided into modern art up to the Second World War, and contemporary art afterwards. Modern art in Croatia began with the Secession ideas spreading from Vienna and Munich, and post-Impressionism from Paris. Young artists would study the latest trends and integrate them into their own work. Many strove to bring a native cultural identity into their art, for example themes of national history and legends, and some of the artwork following the First World War",
"psg_id": "10595552"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "Croatian art of the 20th century Croatian art of the 20th century, that is visual arts within the boundaries of today's Croatia, can be divided into modern art up to the Second World War, and contemporary art afterwards. Modern art in Croatia began with the Secession ideas spreading from Vienna and Munich, and post-Impressionism from Paris. Young artists would study the latest trends and integrate them into their own work. Many strove to bring a native cultural identity into their art, for example themes of national history and legends, and some of the artwork following the First World War contained",
"psg_id": "10595515"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "Baader and Ulrike Meinhof, The Sex Pistols, Jimmy Carter, Pope John Paul II, Meryl Streep, Larry Hagman (as J. R. Ewing in \"Dallas\"), Ruhollah Khomeini Lech Wałęsa, Margaret Thatcher, Mark David Chapman, John Hinckley, Jr., Sylvester Stallone, Lady Diana, Michael Jackson, Joan Collins, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Madonna, Oprah Winfrey, Eddie Murphy, Bill Cosby, Bob Geldof, Oliver North, Nelson Mandela, Mikhail Gorbachev, Donald Trump, Martina Navratilova, Muammar al-Gaddafi, George H. W. Bush, Tom Cruise, Julia Roberts, Mel Gibson, Harrison Ford, Salman Rushdie, Václav Havel, Bruce Willis, Mike Tyson, Saddam Hussein, Norman Schwarzkopf, Luciano Pavarotti Fame in the 20th Century Fame in the",
"psg_id": "12363902"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Toby Keith",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Toby Keith 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Toby Keith is a compilation album of American country music artist Toby Keith's greatest hits. The album is part of a 20th Century Masters collection of similar albums. It features songs from his first four albums. \"20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Toby Keith\" received four-and-a-half out of five stars from Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic. In his review, Erlewine praises the album as \"a near-ideal summary of Keith's Mercury recordings as well as",
"psg_id": "10419016"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "so. Fertility rates and consequently live birth rates declined over the century, while age-adjusted death rates fell more dramatically. Children in 1999 were 10 times less likely to die than children in 1900. For adults 24–65, death rates have been halved. The death rate for Americans aged 65 to 74 fell from nearly 7% per year to fewer than 2% per year. The introduction of vaccines for several diseases led to reduced mortality from them. Again developed countries felt the greatest benefit. In the 20th century, vaccines became available for many diseases which caused deaths: diphtheria, pertussis, tuberculosis, tetanus, yellow",
"psg_id": "469578"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Fox",
"text": "what was then 20th Century Fox and remained as president into the 1960s. Under Freedman's leadership, DeLuxe added two more labs in Chicago and Toronto and processed film from studios other than Fox. 20th Century Fox is known for its searchlight structure logo. Its fanfare was originally composed in 1933 by Alfred Newman, who became the head of Twentieth Century-Fox's music department from 1940 until the 1960s. It was re-recorded in 1935 when 20th Century-Fox was officially established. The original Art Deco iteration of the 20th Century-Fox logo, designed by special effects animator and matte painting artist Emil Kosa Jr.,",
"psg_id": "1458509"
},
{
"title": "Australian outback literature of the 20th century",
"text": "Australian outback literature of the 20th century This article refers to the works of poets and novelists and specialised writers (missionaries, anthropologists, historians etc.) who have written about the Australian outback from first-hand experience. These works frequently addresses race relations in Australia, often from a personal point of view, with Australian Aboriginal people used as a theme or subject. In the first part of the 20th century, much of Australia was still being explored by white Australians and their encounters with Aborigines who had had little or no contact or knowledge of the settlers were still taking place well after",
"psg_id": "15463337"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets",
"text": "\"Christmas in My Heart\", \"Somebody to Love Me\", & \"Under Any Moon\". 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets is the ninth album (including \"Christmas with The Jets\") recorded with MCA Records by the family group The Jets. It is a compilation of their greatest hits (\"Crush on You\", \"Sendin' All My Love\", \"You Got It All\", \"Rocket 2 U\", \"Cross My Broken Heart\" and \"Make It Real\"). It is more updated than the group's first greatest hits package released in 1990, \"The",
"psg_id": "16014799"
},
{
"title": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century",
"text": "\"DSP Festival\" concert in December would also feature disbanded first-generation groups Sechs Kies and Click-B alongside current artists. Rumors also began circulating that HOTSechgodRG's respective idol groups would be reuniting; g.o.d came out of hiatus in May 2014 while Sechs Kies, pioneering girl group S.E.S. and NRG all reunited between 2016 and 2017. Handsome Boys of the 20th Century Handsome Boys of the 20th Century () is a South Korean variety-reality show which aired on the cable channel QTV (). It began airing on April 16, 2013 and ran for two seasons with a total of 29 episodes. The show",
"psg_id": "20371723"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire is a compilation of songs from Reba McEntire's two Christmas albums (\"Merry Christmas to You\" and \"\") for release in 2003 on a \"20th Century Masters\" Christmas collection. No new material was recorded for the compilation. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire\" received three out of five stars from William Ruhlmann of Allmusic. In his review, Ruhlmann describes McEntire's versions of \"Silent Night\" and \"Up on the Housetop\" as \"appropriately reverent,\"",
"psg_id": "8922036"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets is the ninth album (including \"Christmas with The Jets\") recorded with MCA Records by the family group The Jets. It is a compilation of their greatest hits (\"Crush on You\", \"Sendin' All My Love\", \"You Got It All\", \"Rocket 2 U\", \"Cross My Broken Heart\" and \"Make It Real\"). It is more updated than the group's first greatest hits package released in 1990, \"The Best of The Jets\". The only singles this package omits are \"Anytime\",",
"psg_id": "16014798"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "90 degrees. It is considered to be a sacred and auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism and dates back at least 11,000 years. Archaeological evidence of swastika-shaped ornaments dates from the Neolithic period and was first found in the Mezine, Ukraine. The swastika (gammadion, \"fylfot\") symbol became a popular symbol of luck in the Western world in the early 20th century, as it had long been in Asia, and was often used for ornamentation. The Nazi Party adopted the symbol in the 1920s, and its use in Western countries faded after the Nazi association became dominant in the 1930s.",
"psg_id": "9319117"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "of TV Is My Pacifier describes the song's importance to the plot in The Callback, \"For [Ivy and Karen's] audition, Derek choreographed a dance to “20th Century Fox Mambo,” and we focus mostly on Karen having a hard time with the choreography...When Friday’s final callback finally arrives, Ivy and Karen are both nervously waiting to go in and audition. When Tom and a few backup dancers go sit with Ivy to support her, Julia turns to Karen and offers her some supportive words. We [then] get to see the complete staged version of “20th Century Fox Mambo” performed by Karen.\"",
"psg_id": "17087992"
},
{
"title": "Modern Rome: From Napoleon to the Twenty-First Century",
"text": "establishment of Rome as the national capital of the newly unified Italy, the—contradictory, in Insolera's opinion—architectural achievements of the late 19th century, the difficult years post-WWI, the urban policy of the Fascist period, regarded as absurd by Insolera, the cultural revival and optimism following WWII, and what Insolera views as the alarming and still relevant developments of the late decades of the 20th century. With this scope, the book reconstructs the fascinating, complex and difficult history of a city that endlessly seeks—and never seems to find according to Insolera—a planned definition of its own urban aspect. In addition to a",
"psg_id": "18275300"
},
{
"title": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States",
"text": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by a period of continuous growth for the Church in the United States, with Catholics progressively evolving from a small minority to a large minority. In 1900 the Catholic population was 10 million, under the control of 14 Archbishops, 77 bishops, and 12,000 priests . The community had built 10,000 churches, of which two-thirds had resident pastors. Catholic schools educated nearly 1,000,000 children and youth. Catholics were heavily concentrated in the industrial and mining centers of the",
"psg_id": "13887774"
},
{
"title": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States",
"text": "greater frequency. 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by a period of continuous growth for the Church in the United States, with Catholics progressively evolving from a small minority to a large minority. In 1900 the Catholic population was 10 million, under the control of 14 Archbishops, 77 bishops, and 12,000 priests . The community had built 10,000 churches, of which two-thirds had resident pastors. Catholic schools educated nearly 1,000,000 children and youth. Catholics were heavily concentrated in the industrial and mining centers",
"psg_id": "13887801"
},
{
"title": "Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century",
"text": "sponsorship of some kind. Besides works acquired from defunct government agencies, works have been donated by photographers' families and other purchases have been sponsored by friends of the museum. The exhibition is meant as an overview of the museum's 20th-century works, most of which have been acquired since 1994. The oldest photos in the exhibition are by the oldest artist in the show: Eadward Muybridge's motion studies of a horse (\"Sallie Gardner at a Gallop\"). The first photograph in the show is a portrait of Susan Sontag by Peter Hujar. Her collection of essays \"On Photography\" was quoted as one",
"psg_id": "18379224"
},
{
"title": "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century",
"text": "critical success and received several awards: A book of the same title, authored by Blaine Baggett and Jay Winter, was released along with the broadcast of the television series in 1996. Like the television series, the book covers social, cultural, economic, and other issues in addition to the political and military aspects of the war. Though the book is a companion to the television series, it is written to stand on its own as a history of the war. The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century is",
"psg_id": "12433505"
},
{
"title": "Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt",
"text": "creates this never-ending conflict of religious extremism versus the secular state. Sadat’s government took a democratic position and was willing to negotiate with the Islamic extremist groups, but the religious extremists continued to act out against the government. After the government suppressed the Takfir, the group dissolved, and the members would then join other Islamist groups, some of which would cause major uprisings in the future. Salih Sirriya was born in Ijzim, near Haifa, in 1933 where he would later join the Islamic Liberation Party and be introduced to the Islamist theories. Several years later after traveling the Middle East,",
"psg_id": "16428239"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "permitted the church to use. After the advent of state funded universal education, the Church was not permitted to carry on educational, instructional activity for children. For adults, only training for church-related occupations was allowed. Outside of sermons during the divine liturgy it could not instruct or evangelise to the faithful or its youth. Catechism classes, religious schools, study groups, Sunday schools and religious publications were all illegal. This persecution continued, even after the death of Stalin until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. This caused many religious tracts to be circulated as illegal literature or samizdat. Since",
"psg_id": "13413298"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "The crude death rate represents the total number of deaths per year per thousand people. Comparatively, the crude death rate in the year 1900 was 17.2 deaths/1,000 population and 9.6 deaths/1,000 population in 1950 in America. CIA – The World Fact Book Throughout the 20th century in the developed world, the leading causes of death transitioned from infectious diseases such as influenza, to degenerative diseases such as cancer or diabetes. In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was influenza with 202.2 deaths per 100,000 people followed by tuberculosis with 194.4, which is a curable illness today.",
"psg_id": "469574"
},
{
"title": "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century",
"text": "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century is a 1996 documentary series that aired on PBS. It chronicles World War I over eight episodes. It was narrated by Dame Judi Dench in the UK and Salome Jens in the United States. The series won two Primetime Emmy Awards: one for Jeremy Irons for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance, the other for Outstanding Informational Series. In 1997, it was given a Peabody Award. The documentary series was produced by KCET/Los Angeles along with the BBC and London’s Imperial War Museum.",
"psg_id": "12433503"
}
] | [
"okla.",
"oklahoma",
"oklahoma, united states",
"sooner state",
"forty-sixth state",
"religion in oklahoma",
"culture of oklahoma",
"46th state",
"oklahoma (u.s. state)",
"oklahoma, usa",
"state of oklahoma",
"list of oklahoma state symbols",
"oaklahoma",
"oklaholma",
"transportation in oklahoma",
"us-ok",
"sports in oklahoma",
"okla",
"oklahoman",
"oclahoma",
"education in oklahoma",
"energy in oklahoma",
"transport in oklahoma",
"forty-sixth state",
"oklahoma (state)",
"the sooner state"
] |
who wants to be wanted? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "She Wants to Be Wanted Again",
"text": "Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. She Wants to Be Wanted Again \"She Wants to Be Wanted Again\" is a song written by Billy Henderson and Steven Dale Jones. It was first recorded in 1992 by Lee Greenwood for his album \"Love's on the Way\", then by Larry Stewart for his 1994 album \"Heart Like a Hurricane\", and Western Flyer on their 1996 album \"Back in America\". It was later released as a single by American country music artist Ty Herndon. It was released in November 1996 as the second single from the album \"Living in a Moment\". The song",
"psg_id": "16393980"
},
{
"title": "She Wants to Be Wanted Again",
"text": "She Wants to Be Wanted Again \"She Wants to Be Wanted Again\" is a song written by Billy Henderson and Steven Dale Jones. It was first recorded in 1992 by Lee Greenwood for his album \"Love's on the Way\", then by Larry Stewart for his 1994 album \"Heart Like a Hurricane\", and Western Flyer on their 1996 album \"Back in America\". It was later released as a single by American country music artist Ty Herndon. It was released in November 1996 as the second single from the album \"Living in a Moment\". The song reached number 21 on the \"Billboard\"",
"psg_id": "16393979"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be Rich?",
"text": "Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in \"Fastest Finger First\" round. \"Who Wants to Be Rich?\" is broadcast from October 2009 to today. It is shown on the Ghanaian TV station GTV. When a contestant gets the fifth",
"psg_id": "13878544"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be Rich?",
"text": "question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵300. When a contestant gets the tenth question correct, he will leave with at least GH₵1,500. The payout structure is as below. Who Wants to Be Rich? Who Wants to Be Rich? is a Ghanaian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show is hosted by Kafui Dey. The main goal of the game is to win GH₵50,000 by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There are three \"lifelines\" - fifty fifty, phone-a-friend and ask the audience. There are only 8 contestants in \"Fastest",
"psg_id": "13878545"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Godparent?",
"text": "what we should be expecting from a show that's set itself much higher standards of creativity.\" Max Nicholson at \"IGN\" gave the episode 4.3/10 (Bad) and said that \"If a TV show had multiple sharks to jump, HIMYM's \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\" would have been one of them.\" \"Television Without Pity\"'s Ethan Alter gave the episode a D−. He describes the game show sequence as \"a lengthy, cringe-inducing montage of [Ted, Barney, and Robin] acting like maroons.\" Who Wants to Be a Godparent? \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\" is the fourth episode of the eighth season of",
"psg_id": "16800349"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero?",
"text": "the Philippines at Jack TV. In the United Kingdom, the BBC commissioned its own version of the show, also called \"Who Wants To Be a Superhero?\", for child contestants. It began airing on BBC Two on 3 January 2009. H20 Man was the winner of the single season series' only contest. Who Wants to Be a Superhero? Who Wants to Be a Superhero? was a reality show hosted by Stan Lee. Therein contestants dressed up as comic book superheroes of their own invention. Each week, Lee challenged the contestants to represent what \"superheroes are all about.\" One or more of",
"psg_id": "8200216"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero?",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? Who Wants to Be a Superhero? was a reality show hosted by Stan Lee. Therein contestants dressed up as comic book superheroes of their own invention. Each week, Lee challenged the contestants to represent what \"superheroes are all about.\" One or more of the superheroes deemed the least deserving was eliminated per episode. The grand prize for the winning superhero was to have his or her character star in a Dark Horse Comics comic book written by Lee and appear in an original movie to be aired on the Sci Fi Channel. The winner",
"psg_id": "8200211"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "CD game, to a 3-night Disney Cruise. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an",
"psg_id": "491560"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (abbreviated WWTBAM and informally known as simply Millionaire) is an international television game show franchise of British origin, created by David Briggs, Mike Whitehill and Steven Knight. In its format, currently owned and licensed by Sony Pictures Television, contestants tackle a series of multiple-choice questions to win large cash prizes, with the format being a twist on the game show genre – only one contestant plays at a time, similar to radio quizzes; contestants are given the question before attempting an answer, and have no time limit to",
"psg_id": "491506"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Godparent?",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Godparent? \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\" is the fourth episode of the eighth season of the CBS sitcom \"How I Met Your Mother\", and the 164th episode overall. It first aired on October 15, 2012. With Mickey now taking care of Marvin, Marshall and Lily finally reunite with the gang at MacLaren's. However, when the two ask Barney, Ted, and Robin about how they are doing, the three simply say everything's great. In reality, they have nothing good to say per Marshall and Lily's previous \"eight-or-higher\" decree: Victoria tells Ted a joke about him",
"psg_id": "16800345"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition",
"text": "He won $64,000. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition Who Wants to Be A Millionaire: Canadian Edition was a Canadian game show based on the British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" and taped on the ABC Television Network set of the American version of that show. A Canadian audience was flown to the American studio in New York for the shows, so the contestants could \"ask the audience\" for help on the Canadian-themed questions. Following the airing of the two specials, CTV did announce that additional episodes of the Canadian Edition would be produced, but",
"psg_id": "12670342"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire: Canadian Edition Who Wants to Be A Millionaire: Canadian Edition was a Canadian game show based on the British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" and taped on the ABC Television Network set of the American version of that show. A Canadian audience was flown to the American studio in New York for the shows, so the contestants could \"ask the audience\" for help on the Canadian-themed questions. Following the airing of the two specials, CTV did announce that additional episodes of the Canadian Edition would be produced, but they never came",
"psg_id": "12670340"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It! Who Wants To Be A Millionaire - Play It! was an attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios (formerly \"Disney-MGM Studios\") theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida and Disney California Adventure in Anaheim, California. The attraction was a modified version of the \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\" television game show. The attraction's theater was a replica of the television show. Sessions of the game ran several times a day; each session was 25 minutes long (but did wait until the current contestant vacated the hot seat to stop)",
"psg_id": "3186039"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand was a New Zealand game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The show was hosted by Mike Hosking. The main goal of the game was to win one million New Zealand dollars by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. There were four \"lifelines\". It was broadcast on the TVNZ station TV ONE. The show was taped in Melbourne, Australia on the set of the Australian version of the show. One contestant, Kristin Castle, made New Zealand television",
"psg_id": "12578010"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!",
"text": "for the auction of Play It!'s contestant hot seat. The hot seat reportedly sold on eBay for more than $400. On several occasions over three years, the attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios hosted tapings of the syndicated television show for later broadcast. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It! Who Wants To Be A Millionaire - Play It! was an attraction at Disney's Hollywood Studios (formerly \"Disney-MGM Studios\") theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida and Disney California Adventure in Anaheim, California. The attraction was a modified version of the \"Who Wants to Be a",
"psg_id": "3186045"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Godparent?",
"text": "brother Marcus (who left his family despite being a good father), or Lily's parents as the guardian. Ted, Barney, and Robin volunteer to be Marvin's guardian. Marshall and Lily hold a game show in the apartment called \"Who Wants to Be a Godparent?\". The objective is to determine who of the three is suitable to be Marvin's godparent. As Ted, Barney, and Robin make trite answers to various questions on a game wheel, Marshall and Lily get angry at them for not appreciating how hard it is to be a parent. The three respond by expressing frustration at the couple",
"psg_id": "16800347"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is an Australian television game show which would offer a maximum cash prize of $1,000,000 for answering 15 successive multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty as a team. The show was based on and follows the same general format of the original version of the show from the United Kingdom, and is part of the international \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" franchise. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" Debuted in Australia on 18 April 1999 on the Nine Network and was hosted by Eddie McGuire.",
"psg_id": "11064860"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show)",
"text": "silver. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pound in 2000 and 2001, and in euro in 2002, after the euro changeover. The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions",
"psg_id": "12654920"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Irish game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is the Irish version of the British quiz show \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" which aired on RTÉ One from 2000 to 2002. It was presented by Gay Byrne. The format was the same as on the British show, and the 15 incremental prize amounts had the same numeric values, from 100 up to 1,000,000. These values were denominated in Irish pound in 2000 and 2001, and in euro in 2002, after the euro changeover. The Irish version was made by Tyrone Productions under",
"psg_id": "12654916"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show)",
"text": "pick from the remaining two to win the top prize. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. \"Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?\"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and",
"psg_id": "12577482"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Israeli game show) Who Wants To Be A Millionaire? (, translit. \"Mi Rotze Lihyot Milyoner?\"), also often referred to as just Millionaire, was an Israeli game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". Having started broadcasting in 1999 on Channel 2, the show was hosted by Yoram Arbel, and shown on Channel 10. One contestant, Izhar Nevo, has won the top prize, on 7 August 2000. Nevo used his final lifeline, 50/50, on the last question and when still unsure of the answer tossed a coin to",
"psg_id": "12577481"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the questions were of random difficulty). The program has endured as one of the longest-running and most successful international variants in the \"Who Wants to Be a",
"psg_id": "6919930"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show) Who wants to be a millionaire? is a Nigerian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It first aired on 8 October 2004 and stopped temporarily on the 25th of June, 2017 with hope of coming back soon better and stronger. On 29th August 2017, a deal was secured with Airoplaycare behind the new sponsor after MTN Nigeria pulled out from the game show. Three lifelines were presented at the beginning of the game in order to aid contestants: On September 11, 2009,",
"psg_id": "12659549"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)",
"text": "times of the year. The Valentine Special, which comes up around February, features couples being placed on the hot seat to answer questions for the money prize together. The Children Special edition is used to commemorate the Children’s Day celebrations. It has featured children between the ages of 8-14 years of age from different backgrounds who came to play for 10 Million Naira in scholarships. The payout structure is as below. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show) Who wants to be a millionaire? is a Nigerian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants",
"psg_id": "12659551"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)",
"text": "edition and the prize that they each won: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (also known as \"WW2BAM\") is a Filipino game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game is to win 2 million Philippine pesos (earlier 1 million) by answering 12 multiple-choice (previously 15) questions correctly. There are four \"lifelines\": 50:50 (fifty-fifty), Phone A Friend, and Switch and Double Dip. The latter two replaced Ask the Audience, which was used until the 2010 season and of Phone-a-Friend",
"psg_id": "12672968"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (also known as \"WW2BAM\") is a Filipino game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game is to win 2 million Philippine pesos (earlier 1 million) by answering 12 multiple-choice (previously 15) questions correctly. There are four \"lifelines\": 50:50 (fifty-fifty), Phone A Friend, and Switch and Double Dip. The latter two replaced Ask the Audience, which was used until the 2010 season and of Phone-a-Friend until the 2012 season and reused for the",
"psg_id": "12672955"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)",
"text": "of making this show in Afrikaans but it was never realised. David Paterson was the only million rand winner, on 19 March 2000. He was the first winner outside of the United States. Official Website Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown",
"psg_id": "12637772"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (South African game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a South African game show hosted by Jeremy Maggs and based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The goal of the game was to win 1 million rand by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was shown on the South African TV station SABC 3. Earlier the quiz was aired on M-Net, which also lent its logo in the quiz logo. Four seasons of the show were made. There was a project",
"psg_id": "12637771"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "Western media as the \"real-life \"Slumdog Millionaire\"\". Of all the international versions, the Japanese version has produced the most number (38) of top prize winners, including juniors. The most recent \"Millionaire\" winner is Hansani Kavindi in the Sri Lankan version, who won Rs. 2,000,000 on December 8, 2018. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" debuted in Britain on 4 September 1998, with episodes broadcast on the ITV network. When it began airing, the show was hosted by Chris Tarrant, and became an instant hit – at its peak in 1999, one edition of the show was watched by over 19",
"psg_id": "491528"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 2)",
"text": "then defeat Dr. Dark. Stan Lee speaks to each of the contestants as their real selves. At Universal Studios Hollywood, he announces that the winner is the Defuser. Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 2) Who Wants to Be a Superhero? is a reality show hosted by Stan Lee. Contestants dress up as comic book superheroes of their own invention. Each week, Lee challenges the contestants to represent what \"superheroes are all about.\" Three or four supervillains will attempt to defeat the superheroes. One or more of the superheroes deemed the least deserving are eliminated every episode until only",
"psg_id": "10519308"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!",
"text": "contestants would also receive a copy of the \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\" CD-ROM game upon correctly answering the 32,000 point question. During the original television run of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\", contestants would receive a trip for two to New York City to see a taping of the television game when correctly answering the Million point question, in lieu of a Disney Cruise vacation. During Disney's Hollywood Studios' \"Star Wars Weekends,\" the first two games of the day featured questions based on the \"Star Wars\" films and universe and began with Greedo in the hot seat,",
"psg_id": "3186041"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand",
"text": "answer a question incorrectly, decide to not answer a question and walk away with their prize money, or if they answer all 15 questions correctly (winning $1 million). If at any point the contestants are unsure of the answer to a question, they use one or more \"lifelines\". After using lifelines, contestants can either answer the question, use another lifeline, or walk away and keep the money (except for the Switch lifeline). Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? New Zealand was a New Zealand game show based on the original British format",
"psg_id": "12578013"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 2)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 2) Who Wants to Be a Superhero? is a reality show hosted by Stan Lee. Contestants dress up as comic book superheroes of their own invention. Each week, Lee challenges the contestants to represent what \"superheroes are all about.\" Three or four supervillains will attempt to defeat the superheroes. One or more of the superheroes deemed the least deserving are eliminated every episode until only one remains. Season 2 premiered on July 26, 2007 on the Sci Fi Channel cable network. It is slightly different from the first season, using a great deal",
"psg_id": "10519279"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1)",
"text": "season ended, Feedback flew off-screen and was seen flying through space. Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1) Who Wants to Be a Superhero? is a reality show hosted by Stan Lee. Contestants dress up as comic book superheroes of their own invention. Each week, Lee challenges the contestants to represent what \"superheroes are all about\". One or more of the superheroes deemed the least deserving is eliminated per episode. Season 1 premiered on July 27, 2006 on the Sci Fi Channel cable network. Key: The superheroes and their alter egos were introduced. Each character was profiled in true",
"psg_id": "10519235"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1) Who Wants to Be a Superhero? is a reality show hosted by Stan Lee. Contestants dress up as comic book superheroes of their own invention. Each week, Lee challenges the contestants to represent what \"superheroes are all about\". One or more of the superheroes deemed the least deserving is eliminated per episode. Season 1 premiered on July 27, 2006 on the Sci Fi Channel cable network. Key: The superheroes and their alter egos were introduced. Each character was profiled in true comic fashion and they had a party. Stan Lee then gave",
"psg_id": "10519206"
},
{
"title": "Everybody Wants to Be on TV",
"text": "it and started over again. I just wanted to write the perfect pop song. We are perfectionists! \"Everybody Wants to Be on TV\" received mixed reviews garnering a score of 47/100 at aggregator website Metacritic. Band Production Artwork Everybody Wants to Be on TV Everybody Wants to Be on TV is the second studio album by the English band Scouting for Girls. It was released on 12 April 2010 through Epic. The first single on the album debuted on the Scott Mills BBC Radio 1 show on 15 January 2010. The album artwork was released on 19 January 2010. It",
"psg_id": "14166857"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "his winnings; his reaction to this news further justified suspicions he had cheated. When the footage was reviewed, staff began to notice the pattern between Whittock's coughing and Ingram's behaviour when he chose an answer. After suspending the broadcast of both episodes Ingram featured in, police were called in to investigate the matter further. In April 2003, Ingram, Diana, and Whittock, were taken to court on the charge of using fraudulent means to win the top prize on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". During the trial, the defence claimed that Whittock had simply suffered from allergies during recording of",
"psg_id": "491551"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Chinese game show)",
"text": "because the Chinese Government issued a decree that television programmes need to be uplifing and inspiring. The name of the show cannot be translated literally. It consists of two parts: (read Bǎi Wàn) which means million(s) or millionaire and (Zhì Duō Xīng) which refers to \"someone who is especially clever and unbeatable, and usually very energetic\". Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Chinese game show) Bǎi Wàn Zhì Duō Xīng (, for a translation see below) was a Chinese game show, hosted by Lǐ Fán (). It was based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a",
"psg_id": "11908405"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "\"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!\", appeared at Disney's Hollywood Studios (when it was known as \"Disney-MGM Studios\") at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida and at Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim, California. Both the Florida and California \"Play It!\" attractions opened in 2001; the California version closed in 2004, and the Florida version closed in 2006 and was replaced by \"Toy Story Midway Mania!\" The format in the \"Play It!\" attraction was very similar to that of the television show that inspired it. When a show started, a \"Fastest Finger\" question was given,",
"psg_id": "491558"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "11 February 2014. Four years later, ITV revived the programme for a special 7-episode series, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the British original. This series of special episodes was hosted by Jeremy Clarkson and aired every evening between 6 May and 11 May 2018. Since the British original debuted in 1998, several different versions of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" have been created across the world, including Australia, the United States, and India. In total over 100 different international variations have been made. On 18 April 1999, Nine Network launched an Australian version of the game show for",
"psg_id": "491530"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses)",
"text": "by singing \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses) \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the final episode of Series 5, and was first screened on 5 October 1986. This is also the last episode to be 30 minutes long with all the subsequent episodes lasting 50 minutes or more. In the episode, Del's old business partner Jumbo Mills returns to Peckham and asks Del to go into business with him in Australia. When he enters \"The Nag's",
"psg_id": "8606136"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "Tarrant spoke whenever a contestant was struggling with a particular question, \"Some questions are only easy if you know the answer.\" \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" has been credited with single-handedly reviving interest in, and breaking new ground for, the television game show. It revolutionised the look and feel of game shows with its unique lighting system, dramatic music cues, and futuristic set. The show also became one of the most popular game shows in television history, and is credited by some with paving the way for the phenomenon of reality programming. In 2000, the British Film Institute honoured",
"psg_id": "491546"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "in 2013, and Terry Crews in 2014, before Chris Harrison took full hosting responsibilities in Autumn 2015. On 1 October 1999, NTV launched a Russian version the game show, entitled \"О, счастливчик!\" (\"Oh, lucky man!!!\"). This version ran until its final episode on 28 January 2001, whereupon a few weeks later it was relaunched under the Russian translation of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", on Channel One. The relaunched version was hosted by Maxim Galkin until 2008, when he was replaced as host by Dmitry Dibrov after that. On 3 July 2000, an Indian version of the game show",
"psg_id": "491533"
},
{
"title": "The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger",
"text": "The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger is an American independent short film directed by Bill Plympton. It was screened first at the Annecy Film Festival and after a running at numerous other festival was nominated for Best Short Film at the 38th Annie Awards. Director Bill Plympton said the film \"was made almost by accident\". \"The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger\" was screened in the official selection of the Annecy Film Festival, being nominated for best short film. It is one of the five nominated short animated films",
"psg_id": "15176222"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British quiz show, created and produced by David Briggs, and made for the ITV network. The show's format, devised by Briggs, sees contestants taking on multiple-choice questions, based upon general knowledge, winning a cash prize for each question they answer correctly, with the amount offered increasing as they take on more difficult questions. To assist each contestant who takes part, they are given three lifelines to use, may walk away with the money they already have won if they wish not to risk",
"psg_id": "6919885"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "claimed that the opening phrase \"Who wants to be a millionaire?\" had been taken from document he sent to Granada Television, concerning his idea for a game show based on the lottery. One of most significant claims Celador received against them was from John Bachini. In 2002, he started legal proceedings against the production company, ITV, and five individuals who had claimed they had created \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", stating that the idea from the show was taken from several elements he had created - a board game format he conceived in 1981; a two-page TV format, known",
"psg_id": "6919898"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (UK TV series)",
"text": "were general observations as if they were specific criticisms of the programme. There was also some controversy among viewers about the power down of Steel Soldier, who many viewers felt was powered down to even out the number of girls, seeing as his track record had been much better than the two other superheroes up for powerdown, H2O Man and Gold Starlet. Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (UK TV series) Who Wants to Be a Superhero? is a UK children's reality show hosted by Sam Nixon, Mark Rhodes and Stan Lee, based on the NBC Universal/Sci Fi Channel (United",
"psg_id": "12945811"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show) เกมเศรษฐี (English translation: \"Millionaire Game\", transliteration: \"Kemṣ̄ers̄ʹṭ̄hī\") was a Thai game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game was to win 1 million Thai baht by answering 12 multiple-choice questions correctly (earlier 16 questions). There were three \"lifelines\", all other than in the original version - Double Dip (contestant can choose the answer two times), Help of Audience Members (help of two members of the audience who believe that they know the correct answer) and Switch The Question",
"psg_id": "12709327"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "a priority of changing our question procedure. We are confident we have now made it impossible for anyone to manipulate the system.\" Since then, the options of people that can be called have a picture of themselves shown on-air. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? is a British quiz show, created and produced by David Briggs, and made for the ITV network. The show's format, devised by Briggs, sees contestants taking on multiple-choice questions, based upon general knowledge, winning a cash prize for each question they answer correctly, with the amount",
"psg_id": "6919929"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)",
"text": "After the contestant's game was over, they were awarded anything from a collectible pin, to clothing, to a \"Millionaire\" CD game, to a 3-night Disney Cruise. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (often informally called Millionaire) is an American television game show based on the same-titled British program and developed for the United States by Michael Davies. The show features a quiz competition in which contestants attempt to win a top prize of $1,000,000 by answering a series of multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty (although, for a time, most of the",
"psg_id": "6920006"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show)",
"text": "a chapter about it in the book \"Dear Valued Customer, You Are a Loser: And Over 100 Other Embarrassing and Funny Stories of Technology Gone Mad\" by Rick Broadhead. Failing to answer correctly, the contestant will walk away with 50% of its last question value. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Thai game show) เกมเศรษฐี (English translation: \"Millionaire Game\", transliteration: \"Kemṣ̄ers̄ʹṭ̄hī\") was a Thai game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The main goal of the game was to win 1 million Thai baht by answering 12 multiple-choice questions correctly (earlier 16",
"psg_id": "12709330"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)",
"text": "his first appearance of the show (similar to that of British cheat Charles Ingram); a suggestion Flood himself was unaware of until his jackpot win in the following episode. This investigation by \"A Current Affair\" helped to boost the ratings for the episode of his top prize win; however, after this, Flood was cleared by the Nine Network of any wrongdoing. On 27 October 2004, a \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" interactive multiplayer DVD game was released. Also a picture edition was also released offering the choice of either adult and junior questions. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"psg_id": "11064880"
},
{
"title": "International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "versions, if it is time to go for a commercial break, the host will take the final answer but not announce if it is correct until after the break. International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? This table lists all international variants in the television game show franchise \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" that have been broadcast since the debut of the original British version of the show on 4 September 1998. Legend: The \"Millionaire\" franchise's catchphrase is \"Is that your final answer?\" (more commonly said by some versions' hosts as \"Final answer?\" or simply \"Final?\"), a",
"psg_id": "18642798"
},
{
"title": "International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?",
"text": "International versions of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? This table lists all international variants in the television game show franchise \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" that have been broadcast since the debut of the original British version of the show on 4 September 1998. Legend: The \"Millionaire\" franchise's catchphrase is \"Is that your final answer?\" (more commonly said by some versions' hosts as \"Final answer?\" or simply \"Final?\"), a question derived from a rule requirement that the players must clearly indicate their choices before being made official (since the nature of the game allows the player to think",
"psg_id": "18642796"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (UK TV series)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (UK TV series) Who Wants to Be a Superhero? is a UK children's reality show hosted by Sam Nixon, Mark Rhodes and Stan Lee, based on the NBC Universal/Sci Fi Channel (United States) series of the same name. The show is a co-production between CBBC and NBC. Children aged 9 – 13 create and become their very own, unique, never before seen superhero characters for the series, taking part in missions and challenges and living away from home in ‘The Superhero Lair’ in London. Contestants responded to trials on the CBBC Channel and application",
"psg_id": "12945807"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Chinese game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Chinese game show) Bǎi Wàn Zhì Duō Xīng (, for a translation see below) was a Chinese game show, hosted by Lǐ Fán (). It was based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". The contestant's main goal was to win 1,000,000 Chinese yuan by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. This edition used the original 3 lifelines: Fifty Fifty, Phone A Friend and Ask The Audience. The first episode was broadcast on 29 September 2007. After answering five questions correctly, a contestant took home ¥5,000. If he/she answered ten",
"psg_id": "11908403"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat (Indonesian game show)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat (Indonesian game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat was an Indonesian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It was broadcast by RCTI from Monday, September 13, 2010 at 17.30 (UTC+7). The host was Ferdi Hasan. Despite its name, the top prize was a quarter of billion Indonesian rupiah, however since September 19, the top prize was increased to half a billion rupiahs, and the money tree was changed. It can be earned by answering 15 multiple-choice questions correctly. The only",
"psg_id": "14887339"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat (Indonesian game show)",
"text": "lifeline was \"pass\". October 31, 2010 was the last day the show aired on RCTI, fueling rumors of cancellation. Unlike the previous 2 'classic' Millionaire ever aired in Indonesia, this time the format used is the Hot Seat format, similar to the Australian version. Several of the first 5 questions usually have 3 joke answers and 1 correct answer. Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat (Indonesian game show) Who Wants to Be a Millionaire Hot Seat was an Indonesian game show based on the original British format of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It was broadcast by",
"psg_id": "14887340"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses)",
"text": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Only Fools and Horses) \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" is an episode of the BBC sitcom, \"Only Fools and Horses\". It was the final episode of Series 5, and was first screened on 5 October 1986. This is also the last episode to be 30 minutes long with all the subsequent episodes lasting 50 minutes or more. In the episode, Del's old business partner Jumbo Mills returns to Peckham and asks Del to go into business with him in Australia. When he enters \"The Nag's Head\" for a drink, Del Boy is surprised",
"psg_id": "8606131"
},
{
"title": "The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger",
"text": "at the 38th Annie Awards and one of the six nominated short animated films at Oaxaca Film Fest. Also, it is one of the ten pre-selected short animated films for the 2011 Academy Awards. The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger is an American independent short film directed by Bill Plympton. It was screened first at the Annecy Film Festival and after a running at numerous other festival was nominated for Best Short Film at the 38th Annie Awards. Director Bill Plympton said the film \"was made almost by accident\". \"The",
"psg_id": "15176223"
},
{
"title": "Information wants to be free",
"text": "Information wants to be free \"Information wants to be free\" is an expression that means all people should be able to access information freely. It is often used by technology activists to criticize laws that limit transparency and general access to information. People who criticize intellectual property law say the system of such government granted monopolies conflicts with the development of a public domain of information. The expression is often credited to Stewart Brand, who was recorded saying it at a hackers conference in 1984. The iconic phrase is attributed to Stewart Brand, who, in the late 1960s, founded the",
"psg_id": "5395766"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave",
"text": "Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave is the fourth studio album by Scottish indie rock band The Twilight Sad, released by FatCat Records on 27 October 2014. The album was released to overwhelmingly positive reviews, with Allmusic summarising the album as \"The Twilight Sad transform everything that came before into some of their most compelling music. By blending the extremes of their previous albums, they give intimate moments an epic scope in ways that sound truly revitalized... Equally desolate and majestic, \"Nobody Wants to Be Here",
"psg_id": "18231456"
},
{
"title": "Information wants to be free",
"text": "disrupt these entities' quest for freedom. In the cyberpunk world of post-singularity transhuman culture described by Charles Stross in his books like \"Accelerando\" and \"Singularity Sky\", the wish of information to be free is a law of nature. Information wants to be free \"Information wants to be free\" is an expression that means all people should be able to access information freely. It is often used by technology activists to criticize laws that limit transparency and general access to information. People who criticize intellectual property law say the system of such government granted monopolies conflicts with the development of a",
"psg_id": "5395772"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1)",
"text": "Then he said he was going to do something different. He told the superheroes that he was going to let them appreciate how hard his job was by having each one tell who they thought should be eliminated and why. All of them nominated themselves, except two: Tyveculus, who nominated Lemuria, and Fat Momma, who nominated Feedback. He told the heroes that this had been a test of self-sacrifice and that while he could not know the true motives of those who had nominated themselves, they had given him the answer he wanted. Lee told Fat Momma that while she",
"psg_id": "10519217"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire?",
"text": "The last player is the winner. Like its more serious (and non-violent) real-life counterpart, \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" gives the contestants \"lifelines\" to help them out if they get stumped. The three lifelines are: \"IGN\" rated the game 5.7 (Mediocre) for lack of replayability. Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire? Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire? is a video game parody of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It was created by Hypnotix, and released in 2000 by Simon & Schuster Interactive for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Sega Dreamcast. The objective of the game is",
"psg_id": "5733008"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "to be a success, becoming one of the most reproduced scenic designs in television history. The music provided for the show was composed by father-and-son duo Keith and Matthew Strachan. The Strachans' composition for the game show helped with Briggs' tense game design, by providing the necessary drama and tension. Unlike other game show musical scores, the music provided for \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was designed to be played throughout the entire episode of the show. The Strachans main theme for the game show was inspired from the \"Mars\" movement of Gustav Holst's \"The Planets\". For the main",
"psg_id": "6919893"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Nigerian game show)",
"text": "a contestant called Aroma Ufodike became the first person to win the ₦10 million, and currently, he is the only one who won the top prize of this game show. One of the questions related to celebrated Nigerian football referee Linus Mbah. Just like in Slumdog Millionaire Mr. Ufodike was able to answer the question from his personal experience. Mr. Mbah lived in the apartment above him or, as Mr. Ufodike put it - \"He lives on top of me!\" The Nigerian variation of Who Wants To Be A Millionaire has special editions which are recorded and broadcast at certain",
"psg_id": "12659550"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "to police. Both the Ingrams and Whittock were charged with \"procuring the execution of a valuable security by deception\", and taken to Southwark Crown Court in 2003. During the four-week long trial, the Prosecution provided evidence towards the charges, which included a recording of Ingram's second day on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", pager telephone records for a previous scheme the group intended to use, before deeming it too complicated - a system of four pagers intended to be hidden on Ingram's body, in which a pager's vibrations signalled the correct answer - and testimony from one of the",
"psg_id": "6919922"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)",
"text": "and won a million pesos in separate instances in 2001. The money tree used in the IBC version is as follows (bold values indicate guaranteed amounts): In April 2009, plugs about the \"comeback\" of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" started airing on TV5. Vic Sotto was announced as the host of the show. A promo is being sponsored by the network in connection to its comeback. On January 9, 2010, Sharon Cuneta, who appeared in the previous incarnation became the first winner of the series after she correctly answered the final question worth ₱2,000,000. The following winner was Karl",
"psg_id": "12672961"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "game without playing a shot - if their opponent double-faulted on every serve, and the player aced each of their own serves, it would allow them to win with just 12 strokes. Based on their findings, the production staff acknowledged the mistake and apologised for it, but allowed Kennedy to keep the prize money he won by the end of his game. When Judith Keppel's victory as the first UK jackpot winner on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was announced by ITV on the day of that the corresponding episode was to be broadcast, several allegations were made that",
"psg_id": "6919914"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "the quiz where once passed, they could have a set prize given to them if they should give a wrong answer, and be provided with special forms of assistance during their game. During the design phase, the show was given the working title of \"Cash Mountain\", before Briggs decided upon using the name of the song written by Cole Porter for the 1956 film \"High Society\", as the show's finalised title. After presenting their idea to ITV, the broadcaster gave the green-light for production to begin on a series. The set designed for \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was",
"psg_id": "6919890"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "term. However, in 2012, three special episodes, entitled \"The People Play\", were broadcast for three consecutive nights between 9 and 11 July. They featured standard contestants, with viewers at home allowed to play along. The special was used three more times in 2013, once on 7 May, and twice more on 21 May, before the special's format was discontinued. On 22 October 2013, Tarrant announced that after fifteen years of hosting the programme, he would be leaving \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", which consequently led ITV to axe the programme once his contract was finished; no more specials would",
"psg_id": "6919902"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)",
"text": "new position in programming services, as well as more on-screen roles. With the resignation officially taking effect on 30 June 2007, McGuire continued hosting \"1 vs. 100\" until poor ratings forced the hiatus of the program in October 2007. On 20 August, it was announced that Nine's nightly quiz show \"Temptation\" would be rested for the remainder of the year and replaced with nightly half-hour editions of \"Millionaire\" to be aired between 7:00 and 7:30 pm However, with the return of David Gyngell to the CEO role in September he immediately announced that a new version of \"Who Wants to",
"psg_id": "11064867"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely",
"text": "Miami specifically in Biltmore Hotel Grounds to before Christmas in late December 2000, aired on January 15, 2001. One music video is set to the English-language duet 'Nobody Wants to Be Lonely', while the other is set to the Spanish-language solo 'Sólo Quiero Amarte'. The video to 'Nobody Wants to Be Lonely' features Christina Aguilera while 'Sólo Quiero Amarte' shows her in a cameo appearance. \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" is one of the first major single releases to not have a commercial CD single in the United States. Although songs had been allowed to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot",
"psg_id": "5783755"
},
{
"title": "Everybody Wants to Be Italian",
"text": "are by far the pic's freshest elements.\" Steven Rea of the \"Philadelphia Inquirer\" observed, \"Full of clunky humor, battle-of-the-sexes musings and spicy accordion music, \"Everybody Wants to Be Italian\" is relentless - but not necessarily relentless fun.\" Lions Gate Entertainment released the film in anamorphic widescreen format on DVD on February 3, 2009. Bonus features include commentary with screenwriter/director Jason Todd Ipson and editor Mike Saenz, deleted scenes, and cast interviews and screen tests. Everybody Wants to Be Italian Everybody Wants to Be Italian is a 2007 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Jason Todd Ipson. The screenplay",
"psg_id": "11039327"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)",
"text": "the hot seat, as opposed to before when 10 contestants had to answer a question correctly in the fastest time to get into the hot seat. The series ran for its scheduled 6 episodes from 22 October to 26 November 2007. On 27 February 2010, a prime time special called Whizz Kids: Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? was broadcast in which teams of students tried to win up to $1,000,000 for their school. Another episode was broadcast on 6 March 2010. The special used the original format. Two lifelines also changed slightly. The Phone a Friend lifeline was called",
"psg_id": "11064873"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "show created, ITV assigned Chris Tarrant as its host, and set its premiere to 4 September 1998. The programme was assigned a timeslot of one hour, to provide room for three commercial breaks, with episodes produced by production company Celador. Originally, the show was broadcast on successive evenings for around ten days, before the network modified its broadcast schedule to air it within a primetime slot on Saturday evenings, with occasional broadcasts on Tuesday evenings. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" proved a ratings hit, pulling in average viewing figures of up to 19 million during its broadcast in 1999,",
"psg_id": "6919895"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Australian game show)",
"text": "the Collingwood Football Club). As well, the Fastest Finger First segment from 1999 until 2003 required the ten contestants to give a correct answer as quickly as possible before reverting to the international standard of rules in 2004 where contestants had to order the four options in a row. The 11 March 2002 episode of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" scored a national audience of 1.51 million, just under 200,000 more than what \"The Weakest Link: The Mole Special\" achieved on the same night. In April 2003, a British episode in which Charles Ingram cheated all the way to",
"psg_id": "11064864"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)",
"text": "rare example of a word that rhymes with orange\". Shamsid-Deen considered taking the risk, believing (correctly) that the name belonged to a mountain in Wales. However, she decided that the potential of losing $225,000 did not justify the risk and elected to walk away from the question, giving Murray the win and the million dollar prize. Since its introduction to the United States, GSN credited \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire\" with not only single-handedly reviving the game show genre, but also breaking new ground for it. The series revolutionized the look and feel of game shows with its unique",
"psg_id": "6919997"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (UK game show)",
"text": "the Bowens back to tackle a new question, with their original winnings reinstated; the couple chose not to risk the new question, and left with £500,000 for their charity. In September 2001, British Army Major Charles Ingram became a contestant on \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\", joined by his wife Diana, and a close friend and college lecturer, Tecwen Whittock. After the first day of filming, the group devised a scheme that would allow Ingram to win the £1 million cash prize when he returned for the second day of recording, on 10 September - for each question he",
"psg_id": "6919919"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? (Philippine game show)",
"text": "5th Incarnation replacing the People's Pick lifeline instead. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\" was broadcast from 2000 to 2002 on the government-sequestered Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation, produced by Viva Television, and was hosted by actor Christopher de Leon. On May 23, 2009, the game show returned under a new home over TV5, with actor-host-comedian Vic Sotto as the new host. The show aired its season finale on October 7, 2012 to give way to another game show hosted by Sotto, \"The Million Peso Money Drop\" (the Philippine version of \"The Million Pound Drop Live\" created by Endemol). However, the show",
"psg_id": "12672956"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Superhero? (season 1)",
"text": "Scott Satin that she wanted to leave the show out of fear for Feedback, who she felt was taking the show so seriously that it would devastate him to be eliminated. Stan left the heroes to talk among themselves. Feedback assured her that if he were eliminated he would have no regrets. At the elimination, all three were nominated. Lee told Major Victory that while he was entertaining for the kids in the school room, he failed to explain the origin of his superhero or inspire them. He told Feedback that while he had a good story, it went over",
"psg_id": "10519230"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)",
"text": "spin-off program titled \"Who Wants to Be a Super Millionaire\" in which contestants could potentially win $10,000,000. ABC aired five episodes of this spin-off during the week of February 22, 2004, and an additional seven episodes later that year in May. As usual, contestants had to answer a series of 15 multiple-choice questions of increasing difficulty, but the dollar values rose substantially. The questions for \"Super Millionaire\" were worth $1,000, $2,000, $3,000, $4,000, $5,000 (the first safe haven), $10,000, $20,000, $30,000, $50,000, $100,000 (the second safe haven), $500,000, $1,000,000, $2,500,000, $5,000,000, and $10,000,000. Contestants were given the standard three lifelines",
"psg_id": "6919986"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire (U.S. game show)",
"text": "answer a question for a portion of the prize money of the current question. \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire – Play It!\" was an attraction at the Disney's Hollywood Studios theme park (when it was known as \"Disney-MGM Studios\") at the Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida and at Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim, California. Both the Florida and California \"Play It!\" attractions opened in 2001; the California version closed in 2004, and the Florida version closed in 2006 and was replaced by \"Toy Story Midway Mania!\" The format in the \"Play It!\" attraction was very similar",
"psg_id": "6920004"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave",
"text": "and Nobody Wants to Leave\"'s naked emotions and sophisticated music mark a new high point for the Twilight Sad.\" In an interview with Contactmusic.com, guitarist/producer Andy MacFarlane explained that with \"Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave\", the band aimed to capture all the different forms their music has taken over the years, from \"full on noise/feedback, to a sparse, synth led sound, to a stripped back set up with just keys, drum machine and guitar, to playing with an orchestra, and to just an acoustic with vocal.\" The album was produced at Mogwai's Castle of Doom",
"psg_id": "18231457"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire?",
"text": "Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire? Who Wants to Beat Up a Millionaire? is a video game parody of \"Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?\". It was created by Hypnotix, and released in 2000 by Simon & Schuster Interactive for Windows 95, Windows 98, and Sega Dreamcast. The objective of the game is to answer multiple-choice questions correctly, by using a buzzer to answer. Following this, the player assaults another player's character. The objective of the game is to assault another player sufficiently so that they drop off the game's ladder, a parody of the real show's question ladder.",
"psg_id": "5733007"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Kill Jessie?",
"text": "of special effects and illustrations for the film. Who Wants to Kill Jessie? Who Wants to Kill Jessie? () is a 1966 Czechoslovak science fiction comedy film directed by Václav Vorlíček. The story focuses on a couple who use a machine which can bring objects and people from dreams to the real world. The main plot includes the accidental release of the comics character Jessie into the real world, and the film features many gags about the clash between the real world, and comics imagery such as word balloons and sound effects. The film premiered on 26 August 1966. The",
"psg_id": "14766332"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Kill Jessie?",
"text": "Who Wants to Kill Jessie? Who Wants to Kill Jessie? () is a 1966 Czechoslovak science fiction comedy film directed by Václav Vorlíček. The story focuses on a couple who use a machine which can bring objects and people from dreams to the real world. The main plot includes the accidental release of the comics character Jessie into the real world, and the film features many gags about the clash between the real world, and comics imagery such as word balloons and sound effects. The film premiered on 26 August 1966. The comics illustrator Kája Saudek participated as the creator",
"psg_id": "14766331"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely",
"text": "CD maxi-single UK cassette single UK CD maxi-single US promotional CD single US promotional 12\" single Nobody Wants to Be Lonely \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, \"Sound Loaded\", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled \"Sólo Quiero Amarte\" (\"I Only Want to Love You\"). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: \"The Best of Ricky Martin\", \"17\", \"\" and \"\" and the international version of Aguilera's",
"psg_id": "5783759"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely",
"text": "Nobody Wants to Be Lonely \"Nobody Wants to Be Lonely\" is the second single from Ricky Martin's second English album, \"Sound Loaded\", released on January 9, 2001. Ricky Martin also recorded this single in Spanish entitled \"Sólo Quiero Amarte\" (\"I Only Want to Love You\"). Another version of the song was recorded as a duet with Christina Aguilera. This duet version was later included on three of Martin's compilations: \"The Best of Ricky Martin\", \"17\", \"\" and \"\" and the international version of Aguilera's greatest hits album, \"\". Two music videos were directed by Wayne Isham in Coral Gables, Florida",
"psg_id": "5783754"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Live Forever",
"text": "Charts, No. 12 in the Dutch Charts and No. 59 in the Swedish charts. It was nominated to the 1997 Echo Awards for the most successful national dance single. Released: 4 December 1996 The music video of \"Who Wants to Live Forever\" was directed by Matt Broadley. It was shot in the Scottish Highlands. Soprano Sarah Brightman released her cover of \"Who Wants to Live Forever\", from her album \"Timeless/Time to Say Goodbye\", as a single in 1997 (See 1997 in music). The single peaked at No. 45 in the UK singles chart. Polish singer Edyta Górniak released a cover",
"psg_id": "7278563"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Live Forever",
"text": "Who Wants to Live Forever \"Who Wants to Live Forever\" is a song by the British rock band Queen. It is the sixth track on the album \"A Kind of Magic\", released in June 1986, and was written by lead guitarist Brian May for the soundtrack to the film \"Highlander\". Queen were backed up by an orchestra, with orchestrations by the co-composer of the film's score, Michael Kamen. The song peaked at No. 24 in the UK charts. Since its release, the song has been covered by many artists. In 2014, \"Rolling Stone\" readers voted it their fifth favourite song",
"psg_id": "7278558"
},
{
"title": "Everybody Wants to Be Italian",
"text": "Everybody Wants to Be Italian Everybody Wants to Be Italian is a 2007 American romantic comedy film written and directed by Jason Todd Ipson. The screenplay focuses on the relationship between a blue collar worker and a veterinarian. The film premiered at the Boston Film Festival on September 18, 2007 and released theatrically in the United States on September 5, 2008. Jake Bianski is the owner of a fish market in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts. For the past eight years he actively has pursued his former girlfriend Isabella, despite the fact she is married and has three children.",
"psg_id": "11039323"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave",
"text": "A-side on white-coloured 7\" vinyl, with the exclusive track \"There's a Girl in the Corner\" as covered by Robert Smith of The Cure. A music video for \"It Never Was the Same\", directed by Hand Held Cine Club, premiered on Drowned in Sound on 12 May 2015. \"Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave\" was released to critical acclaim. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 based on reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received a score of 80, based on 19 reviews. In an early review, \"Clash\" magazine called the album \"an",
"psg_id": "18231470"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Live Forever",
"text": "of the song in 2003 called \"Nieśmiertelni\" \"(Immortals)\". She recorded the cover with Polish lyrics for the cover compilation album \"RMF FM – Moja i Twoja muzyka\" by Polish radio station RMF FM. It was released as a promo radio single by Pomaton EMI. The image on the cover was shot by photographer Robert Wolański. Who Wants to Live Forever \"Who Wants to Live Forever\" is a song by the British rock band Queen. It is the sixth track on the album \"A Kind of Magic\", released in June 1986, and was written by lead guitarist Brian May for the",
"psg_id": "7278564"
},
{
"title": "Who Wants to Live Forever",
"text": "later as a hidden music video on the \"Queen Greatest Video Hits II\" DVD in November 2003. In a 2005 poll conducted by digital television station Music Choice on what song Britons would most like played at their funeral, the song was voted the fifth most popular. German band Dune released their cover of \"Who Wants to Live Forever\", from their album \"Forever\", as a single in October 1996. Dune's version of \"Who Wants to Live Forever\" sold more than 500,000 copies in Germany. The single peaked at No. 3 in the Austrian singles charts, No. 9 in the Swiss",
"psg_id": "7278562"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave",
"text": "was based on review ratings in newspapers, magazines and online internationally over the past 12 months\" with an overall score of 8.23 out of 10. On 11 December 2014, the album was named #1 on Drowned in Sound's \"50 Favourite Albums of 2014\" list. \"The Skinny\" voted the album at #2 on their list of \"The Albums of 2014,\" declaring that the band have \"recovered from 'tough times' and delivered their finest album to date.\" On their list of \"The Best Indie Rock of 2014,\" \"Pop Matters\" voted the album at #3. Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants",
"psg_id": "18231474"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave",
"text": "of gentle revelations that emerge with shyness but linger indefinitely... A miserable success.\" British independent magazine \"Artrocker\" also gave the album 5 stars and tagged it as their \"album of the week,\" hailing the record as \"dark, emotionally raw [and] beautiful,\" furthering that \"They've produced a record that will only reiterate the fact that they're one of the most consistent Scottish bands around.\" On 7 December 2014, \"The Scotsman\" hailed \"Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave\" as the best Scottish album of the year, with the band emerging as \"the most-lauded act in the survey, which",
"psg_id": "18231473"
},
{
"title": "Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave",
"text": "enthralling return\" and \"a marvelous new set that only develops its makers' already enviable reputation.\" London-based website \"The 405\" gave the album an 8 out of 10 rating, saying \"This fourth album comes across as a consolidation of the edgy noise of their early records and the electronic aspects of its predecessor. They sound as powerful as ever, and their penchant for weaving subtle folk melodies amongst their noise is still pretty special. \"Nobody Wants to Be Here and Nobody Wants to Leave\" is a highpoint for the Twilight Sad and in many ways it is the best record they've",
"psg_id": "18231471"
},
{
"title": "The Rabbit Who Wants to Fall Asleep",
"text": "The Rabbit Who Wants to Fall Asleep The Rabbit Who Wants to Fall Asleep: A New Way Of Getting Children To Sleep () is a 2011 children's book written by Swedish author, psychologist and academic Carl-Johan Forssén Ehrlin and illustrated by Irina Maununen. As its subtitle notes, the book is intended as a form of sleep induction. It uses standard hypnosis techniques to get children to relax; it differs from most children's books in that among the text to be read there are also instructions on how to read the text out loud, including the placement of deliberate yawns. The",
"psg_id": "19184992"
}
] | [
"by request (brenda lee album)",
"brenda lee",
"brenda tarpley",
"i wonder (brenda lee song)",
"brenda mae tarpley"
] |
where were the 2004 summer olympic games held? | [
{
"title": "2004 Summer Olympics",
"text": "2004 Summer Olympics The 2004 Summer Olympic Games (, ), officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece, from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto \"Welcome Home.\" The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries. There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports. Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance. 2004 also marked the",
"psg_id": "835361"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "Summer Olympic Games The Summer Olympic Games () or the Games of the Olympiad, first held in 1896, is a quadrennial international multi-sport event. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) organises the Games and oversees the host city's preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze medals are awarded for third place; this tradition began in 1904. The Winter Olympic Games were created due to the success of the Summer Olympics. The Olympics have increased in scope",
"psg_id": "368641"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "every Summer Olympic Games – Australia, France, Great Britain, Greece and Switzerland. The United States leads the all-time medal table for the Summer Olympics. The United States has hosted the Summer Olympic Games more times than any other nation: the 1904 Games were held in St. Louis, Missouri; the 1932 and 1984 Games were both held in Los Angeles, California; and the 1996 Games were held in Atlanta, Georgia. The 2028 Games in Los Angeles will mark the fifth occasion on which the Summer Games have been hosted by the U.S. In 2012, the United Kingdom hosted its third Summer",
"psg_id": "368644"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "count Olympiads, not the Games themselves, per the Olympic Charter. This contrasts with the Winter Olympic Games, which ignore the cancelled Winter Games of 1940 & 1944 in their numeric count.\" Summer Olympic Games The Summer Olympic Games () or the Games of the Olympiad, first held in 1896, is a quadrennial international multi-sport event. The most recent Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) organises the Games and oversees the host city's preparations. In each Olympic event, gold medals are awarded for first place, silver medals are awarded for second place, and bronze",
"psg_id": "368690"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "1900 Summer Olympics were already planned for Paris and, except for the 1906 Intercalated Games, the Olympics did not return to Greece until the 2004 Summer Olympics. Four years later the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris attracted more than four times as many athletes, including 20 women, who were allowed to officially compete for the first time, in croquet, golf, sailing, and tennis. The Games were integrated with the Paris World's Fair and lasted over 5 months. It is still disputed which events exactly were \"Olympic\", since few or maybe even none of the events were advertised as such at",
"psg_id": "368653"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "federal government; the country's economic crisis; health and safety concerns surrounding the Zika virus and significant pollution in the Guanabara Bay; and a state-sponsored doping scandal involving Russia, which affected the participation of its athletes in the Games. Tokyo, Japan will host the 2020 Summer Olympics, making it the first Asian city to host the Olympic Games twice. Forty-two sports, spanning 55 disciplines, have been part of the Olympic program at one point or another. Twenty-eight sports have comprised the schedule for three of the recent games, 2000, 2004, and 2008 Summer Olympics. Due to the removal of baseball and",
"psg_id": "368686"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Games",
"text": "each holding that honour twice. The most recent Winter Games were held in Pyeongchang in 2018, South Korea's first Winter Olympics and second Olympics overall (including the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul). Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring",
"psg_id": "298759"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Games",
"text": "Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics () are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart. Their creation was inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD.",
"psg_id": "298646"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "clearly affected by Parkinson's disease, lit the Olympic torch and received a replacement medal for the one he had discarded in 1960. The latter event took place not at the boxing ring but in the basketball arena, at the demand of US television. The atmosphere at the Games was marred, however, when a bomb exploded during the celebration in Centennial Olympic Park. In June 2003, the principal suspect in this bombing, Eric Robert Rudolph, was arrested. The 2000 Summer Olympics were held in Sydney, Australia, and showcased individual performances by local favorite Ian Thorpe in the pool, Briton Steve Redgrave",
"psg_id": "368678"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "Australia (1956, 2000) and Brazil (2016). Africa has yet to host a Summer Olympics. Stockholm, Sweden, has hosted events at two Summer Olympic Games, having been sole host of the 1912 Games, and hosting the equestrian events at the 1956 Summer Olympics (which they are credited as jointly hosting with Melbourne, Australia). Amsterdam, Netherlands, has also hosted events at two Summer Olympic Games, having been sole host of the 1928 Games and previously hosting two of the sailing races at the 1920 Summer Olympics. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Hong Kong provided the venues for the equestrian events, which took",
"psg_id": "368648"
},
{
"title": "Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics",
"text": "Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics Baseball at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held on two separate diamonds within the Helliniko Olympic Complex, from August 15th to August 25th. For the second time in Olympic competition, professional baseball players were eligible to participate, though no active players from Major League Baseball were available. The competition consisted of a preliminary round with each team playing all the other teams once, for a total of seven games. The top four teams at the end of this round advanced to the medals round. The medals round consisted of two semifinal games with the",
"psg_id": "3419140"
},
{
"title": "Youth Olympic Games",
"text": "Youth Olympic Games The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) is an international multi-sport event organized by the International Olympic Committee. The games are held every four years in staggered summer and winter events consistent with the current Olympic Games format, though in reverse order with Winter Games held in leap years instead of Summer Games. The first summer version was held in Singapore from 14 to 26 August 2010 while the first winter version was held in Innsbruck, Austria from 13 to 22 January 2012. The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18. The idea of such an event",
"psg_id": "10262044"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Games",
"text": "the 2010 Winter Games in Vancouver. Chairman of the London organising committee, Lord Coe, said about the 2012 Summer Paralympics and Olympics in London that, In 2010, the Olympic Games were complemented by the Youth Games, which give athletes between the ages of 14 and 18 the chance to compete. The Youth Olympic Games were conceived by IOC president Jacques Rogge in 2001 and approved during the 119th Congress of the IOC. The first Summer Youth Games were held in Singapore from 14–26 August 2010, while the inaugural Winter Games were hosted in Innsbruck, Austria, two years later. These Games",
"psg_id": "298669"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "when Tokyo again becomes host city. Historically, the Summer Olympics has been held predominantly in English-speaking countries and European nations. Tokyo will be the first city outside these regions to have hosted the Summer Olympics twice; it will also be the largest city ever to have hosted the Games, having grown considerably since 1964. The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, were the first Summer Olympics to be held in South America and the first that were held during the local winter season. The only two countries in the Southern Hemisphere to have hosted the Summer Olympics have been",
"psg_id": "368647"
},
{
"title": "Antisemitism in the Olympic Games",
"text": "Antisemitism in the Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics, are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every four years but two years apart. In the Olympic Games during the years, although its approach of \"peace through sport\", there have been many expressions of antisemitism, and at",
"psg_id": "19809397"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Summer Games (video game)",
"text": "Olympic Summer Games (video game) Olympic Summer Games is an official video game of the Atlanta 1996 Olympic Games. It is the successor to \"Olympic Gold\" and \"Winter Olympics\". It was the last \"Olympic\" video game released for the fourth generation of consoles, as well as the Game Boy. It follows the already common button mashing techniques of previous (and future) games, with the usual exceptions. It has 10 events (three more than \"Olympic Gold\"), with all but two based on track and field events. Unlike \"Winter Olympics\", there are no major differences between each event on different platforms. The",
"psg_id": "4146399"
},
{
"title": "Figure skating at the Olympic Games",
"text": "Figure skating at the Olympic Games Figure skating was first contested in the Olympic Games at the 1908 Summer Olympics. Since 1924, the sport has been a part of the Winter Olympic Games. Men's singles, ladies' singles, and pair skating have been held most often. Ice dance joined as a medal sport in 1976 and a team event debuted at the 2014 Olympics. Special figures were contested at only one Olympics, in 1908. Synchronized skating has never appeared at the Olympics but aims to be included. Figure skating was first contested as an Olympic sport at the 1908 Summer Olympics,",
"psg_id": "7227134"
},
{
"title": "Antisemitism in the Olympic Games",
"text": "least in 1972, which ended in the death of eleven Israeli athletes. Because Israel is the only Jewish state, most of the manifestations of antisemitism have taken anti-Israel forms. Antisemitism in the Olympic Games The modern Olympic Games or Olympics, are leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions. The Olympic Games are considered the world's foremost sports competition with more than 200 nations participating. The Olympic Games are held every four years, with the Summer and Winter Games alternating by occurring every",
"psg_id": "19809398"
},
{
"title": "Winter Olympic Games",
"text": "independent appearances for the first time since before World War II. At 16 years old, Finnish ski jumper Toni Nieminen made history by becoming the youngest male Winter Olympic champion. New Zealand skier Annelise Coberger became the first Winter Olympic medallist from the southern hemisphere when she won a silver medal in the women's slalom. The 1994 Winter Olympics, held in Lillehammer, Norway, were the first Winter Games to be held separately from the Summer Games. This change resulted from the decision reached in the 91st IOC Session (1986) to separate the Summer and Winter Games and place them in",
"psg_id": "459577"
},
{
"title": "Cycling at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's sprint",
"text": "test. Cycling at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's sprint The Men's Sprint Tandem B1-3 cycling competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held in the Olympic Velodrome from 19–21 September at the Olympic Velodrome. The event was won by Kieran Modra and his sighted pilot David Short, representing . Second on the day were Vladislav Janovjak and Juraj Petrovic of , but they were disqualified and their silver medals forfeited after Petrovic tested positive for the banned glucocorticosteroid, methylprednisolone. This was the first time in the Paralympic Games that a guide or pilot returned a positive sample in an",
"psg_id": "16866243"
},
{
"title": "Cycling at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's sprint",
"text": "Cycling at the 2004 Summer Paralympics – Men's sprint The Men's Sprint Tandem B1-3 cycling competition at the 2004 Summer Paralympics was held in the Olympic Velodrome from 19–21 September at the Olympic Velodrome. The event was won by Kieran Modra and his sighted pilot David Short, representing . Second on the day were Vladislav Janovjak and Juraj Petrovic of , but they were disqualified and their silver medals forfeited after Petrovic tested positive for the banned glucocorticosteroid, methylprednisolone. This was the first time in the Paralympic Games that a guide or pilot returned a positive sample in an anti-doping",
"psg_id": "16866242"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "by six criteria: television viewing figures (40%), internet popularity (20%), public surveys (15%), ticket requests (10%), press coverage (10%), and number of national federations (5%). The category of a sport determines the share of Olympic revenue received by that sport's International Federation. Sports that were new to the 2016 Olympics (rugby and golf) have been placed in Category E. The current categories are: The table below uses official data provided by the IOC. \"Note: Although the Games of 1916, 1940, and 1944 had been cancelled, the Roman numerals for those Games were still used because the Summer Games' official titles",
"psg_id": "368689"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Summer Games (video game)",
"text": "lack of lasting appeal. Johnny Ballgame said that some of the events require little skill, run too long, or suffer from poor graphics. He concluded, \"Individually, some events have their moments. Overall, though, this game needs more training before competing against world-class competition like \"International track & Field\".\" Olympic Summer Games (video game) Olympic Summer Games is an official video game of the Atlanta 1996 Olympic Games. It is the successor to \"Olympic Gold\" and \"Winter Olympics\". It was the last \"Olympic\" video game released for the fourth generation of consoles, as well as the Game Boy. It follows the",
"psg_id": "4146404"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Games",
"text": "the 1960 Olympic Games in Rome, Guttmann brought 400 athletes to compete in the \"Parallel Olympics\", which became known as the first Paralympics. Since then, the Paralympics have been held in every Olympic year. Since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the host city for the Olympics has also played host to the Paralympics. In 2001 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) signed an agreement guaranteeing that host cities would be contracted to manage both the Olympic and Paralympic Games. The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Summer Games in Beijing, and",
"psg_id": "298668"
},
{
"title": "Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification",
"text": "Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification The qualification for 2004 Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament was held from 7 September 2003 to 30 May 2004. FIVB reserved a vacancy for the 2004 Olympic Games host country to participate in the tournament. The Asian Qualification Tournament combined with 2nd World Qualification Tournament. The hosts Japan and the top four ranked teams except Japan from the 2003 Asian Championship competed in the tournament. The top ranked among the five teams except the winners of the 2nd World Qualification Tournament qualified for the 2004 Olympic Games as Asian Qualification Tournament winners.",
"psg_id": "11580476"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Games",
"text": "of sports to encompass other winter activities. At the 1921 Olympic Congress in Lausanne, it was decided to hold a winter version of the Olympic Games. A winter sports week (it was actually 11 days) was held in 1924 in Chamonix, France, in connection with the Paris Games held three months later; this event became the first Winter Olympic Games. Although it was intended that the same country host both the Winter and Summer Games in a given year, this idea was quickly abandoned. The IOC mandated that the Winter Games be celebrated every four years on the same year",
"psg_id": "298666"
},
{
"title": "Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament",
"text": "Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament The 2004 women's Olympic volleyball tournament was the eleventh edition of the event, organised by the world's governing body, the FIVB in conjunction with the International Olympic Committee. It was held at the Peace and Friendship Stadium located at the Faliro Coastal Zone Olympic Complex between 14 and 28 August 2004. \"* Dominican Republic is associated at the NORCECA (North America), but entered the South American Qualification as the 2003 Pan American Games champions.\" The tournament was played in two different stages. In the (first stage), the twelve participants were divided",
"psg_id": "3614707"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Games",
"text": "by 44 cities in 23 countries, but by cities outside Europe and North America on only eight occasions. Since the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea, the Olympics have been held in Asia or Oceania four times, a sharp increase compared to the previous 92 years of modern Olympic history. The 2016 Games in Rio de Janeiro were the first Olympics for a South American country. No bids from countries in Africa have succeeded. The United States has hosted eight Olympic Games, four Summer and four Winter, more than any other nation. The British capital London holds the distinction",
"psg_id": "298757"
},
{
"title": "Winter Olympic Games",
"text": "three events in his sport. Alberto Tomba, an Italian skier, made his Olympic debut by winning both the giant slalom and slalom. East German Christa Rothenburger won the women's 1,000 metre speed skating event. Seven months later she would earn a silver in track cycling at the Summer Games in Seoul, to become the only athlete to win medals in both a Summer and Winter Olympics in the same year. The 1992 Winter Games were the last to be held in the same year as the Summer Games. They were hosted in the French Savoie region, with 18 events held",
"psg_id": "459575"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "demand for tickets to all levels of each event, there was controversy when seats set aside for sponsors and National Delegations went unused in the early days. A system of reallocation was put in place so the empty seats were filled throughout the Games. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil hosted the 2016 Summer Olympics, becoming the third city in the Southern Hemisphere to host the Olympic Games after Melbourne, Australia, in 1956 and Sydney, Australia, in 2000, and the first South American city to host the Olympics. The preparation for these Games was overshadowed by controversies, including the instability of Brazil's",
"psg_id": "368685"
},
{
"title": "Olympic Games",
"text": "podium with Natalia Paderina, a Russian shooter who had won the silver. In what became a much-publicised event from the Beijing Games, Salukvadze and Paderina embraced on the podium after the ceremony had ended. Terrorism most directly affected the Olympic Games in 1972. When the Summer Games were held in Munich, Germany, eleven members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage by the Palestinian terrorist group Black September in what is now known as the Munich massacre. The terrorists killed two of the athletes soon after they had taken them hostage and killed the other nine during a failed",
"psg_id": "298742"
},
{
"title": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games",
"text": "Ice hockey at the Olympic Games Ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics and was transferred permanently to the Winter Olympic Games program in 1924, in France. The women's tournament was first held at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes. However, the advent of the state-sponsored \"full-time amateur athlete\" of the Eastern Bloc countries further eroded the ideology of the pure amateur, as it put the self-financed amateurs of the Western countries at a disadvantage. The Soviet Union",
"psg_id": "5078231"
},
{
"title": "Modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics",
"text": "Modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics The modern pentathlon at the 2004 Summer Olympics was held from 26 August to 27 August 2004, at the Olympic Modern Pentathlon Centre at the Goudi Olympic Complex. The men's and women's events each involved 32 athletes, an increase of eight from the previous games. The Eastern European nations continued to dominate in the men's event as Andrey Moiseev won the gold medal, followed by Lithuania's Andrejus Zadneprovskis and Libor Capalini of the Czech Republic, who each obtained the silver and bronze medals, respectively. Zsuzsanna Vörös of Hungary, on the other hand, won",
"psg_id": "3478603"
},
{
"title": "Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification",
"text": "<nowiki>*</nowiki> The top four teams from 2003 Asian Championship were predetermined to be in 2nd tournament in Japan. Volleyball at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's qualification The qualification for 2004 Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament was held from 7 September 2003 to 30 May 2004. FIVB reserved a vacancy for the 2004 Olympic Games host country to participate in the tournament. The Asian Qualification Tournament combined with 2nd World Qualification Tournament. The hosts Japan and the top four ranked teams except Japan from the 2003 Asian Championship competed in the tournament. The top ranked among the five teams except the",
"psg_id": "11580477"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "team events. American swimmer Michael Phelps set a record for gold medals at a single Games with eight, and tied the record of most gold medals by a single competitor previously held by both Heiden and Scherbo. Another major star of the Games was Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt, who became the first male athlete ever to set world records in the finals of both the 100 and 200 metres in the same Games. Equestrian events were held in Hong Kong. London held the 2012 Summer Olympics, becoming the first city to host the Games three times. In his closing address",
"psg_id": "368683"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "softball, there was a total of twenty-six sports in the 2012 Games. The various Olympic Sports federations are grouped under a common umbrella association, called the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF). Qualification rules for each of the Olympic sports are set by the International Sports Federation (IF) that governs that sport's international competition. For individual sports, competitors typically qualify by attaining a certain place in a major international event or on the IF's ranking list. There is a general rule that a maximum of three individual athletes may represent each nation per competition. National Olympic Committees (NOCs) may",
"psg_id": "368687"
},
{
"title": "Summer Olympic Games",
"text": "from a 42-event competition with fewer than 250 male competitors from 14 nations in 1896, to 306 events with 11,238 competitors (6,179 men, 5,059 women) from 206 nations in 2016. The Summer Olympics has been hosted on five continents by a total of nineteen countries. The United States has hosted the Games four times (in 1904, 1932, 1984 and 1996); this is more times than any other nation. The Games have been held three times in the United Kingdom (in 1908, 1948 and 2012); twice each in Greece (1896, 2004), France (1900, 1924), Germany (1936, 1972) and Australia (1956, 2000);",
"psg_id": "368642"
},
{
"title": "Cycling at the Youth Olympic Games",
"text": "Cycling at the Youth Olympic Games Cycling has been included in the Summer Youth Olympic Games since their inauguration at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, at which one event was held. Unlike the Summer Olympics, track cycling is not icluded, while the program features BMX racing, road cycling and mountain bike racing. At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics a combined mixed-gender team event with sub-events in the disciplines of BMX, road cycling and mountain biking was held. At the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics instead of competitors competing separately they compete as a team. In the boys' and girls' team events",
"psg_id": "19842700"
},
{
"title": "Cycling at the Youth Olympic Games",
"text": "or girls lots will be drawn to form combined teams. Cycling at the Youth Olympic Games Cycling has been included in the Summer Youth Olympic Games since their inauguration at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, at which one event was held. Unlike the Summer Olympics, track cycling is not icluded, while the program features BMX racing, road cycling and mountain bike racing. At the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics a combined mixed-gender team event with sub-events in the disciplines of BMX, road cycling and mountain biking was held. At the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics instead of competitors competing separately they compete",
"psg_id": "19842702"
},
{
"title": "2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament",
"text": "2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament The 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Boxing Qualifying Tournament was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from April 4 to April 11, 2004. The competition was the final opportunity for amateur boxers from North-, Central- and South America to qualify for the 2004 Summer Olympics (the only other places were already allocated at the 2003 Pan American Games). The top two boxers in each weight division gained a place in the Olympics, with the exception of the heavyweight and super heavyweight divisions in which just the winner was entered. <br> <br> <br> <br>",
"psg_id": "14113920"
},
{
"title": "2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament",
"text": "<br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> <br> 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Qualifying Tournament The 2nd AIBA American 2004 Olympic Boxing Qualifying Tournament was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from April 4 to April 11, 2004. The competition was the final opportunity for amateur boxers from North-, Central- and South America to qualify for the 2004 Summer Olympics (the only other places were already allocated at the 2003 Pan American Games). The top two boxers in each weight division gained a place in the Olympics, with the exception of the heavyweight and super heavyweight divisions in which just",
"psg_id": "14113921"
}
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what did arthur blessitt carry with him on an around-the-world walk taking in 277 nations? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Arthur Blessitt",
"text": "South Africa, Lebanon, India, Antarctica, Palestine, Israel, Cuba, Libya, Northern and Southern Yemen, Vietnam and Mongolia. During his walk around the world, Blessitt has held audience with numerous world and religious leaders including, George W. Bush, Billy Graham, Pope John Paul II, Yasser Arafat and Muammar al-Gaddafi and was arrested 24 times. On part of the cross-walk through Beirut, Blessitt chose to bring his son Joshua. He completed every nation and major island group on June 7, 2008 but is still walking on. As of 2018 he is still carrying the cross in the U.S. and other nations. This is",
"psg_id": "5333729"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Blessitt",
"text": "Denise Blessitt\"; \"Arthur a Pilgrim\"(1988), was his first documentary feature. Blessitt is the subject of a 2009 documentary feature, \"The Cross: The Arthur Blessitt Story\", directed by Matthew Crouch. He made a failed bid for the 1976 Democratic nomination for President. After, he said, \"we need a born-again, soul-winning witness in the White House\". ]] Arthur Blessitt Arthur Owen Blessitt (born October 27, 1940 in Greenville, Mississippi, United States) is a traveling Christian preacher, most known for carrying a cross through every nation of the world. Blessitt was born in Greenville, Mississippi, and grew up in northeast Louisiana, where his",
"psg_id": "5333731"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Blessitt",
"text": "Arthur Blessitt Arthur Owen Blessitt (born October 27, 1940 in Greenville, Mississippi, United States) is a traveling Christian preacher, most known for carrying a cross through every nation of the world. Blessitt was born in Greenville, Mississippi, and grew up in northeast Louisiana, where his father managed a large cotton farm. At the age of 7 he accepted Christ at a revival meeting. He studied at Mississippi College and Golden Gate Baptist Seminary but abandoned his studies to serve as pastor in several Baptist churches across the US. In the late 1960s Blessitt began evangelizing to the youth of Hollywood,",
"psg_id": "5333725"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Blessitt",
"text": "walk to every nation. For a short while, he set up an evangelical outreach on New York's Times Square, which was similar to his Hollywood coffeehouse. In August 1971, Blessitt made his first overseas cross-walk beginning in Northern Ireland. He has carried the cross to all parts of the world including war-torn countries such as Lebanon and the world to share Jesus. During the Cold War, Blessitt carried his cross into the Soviet Union, through Russia, the Baltic States, Ukraine and other countries. He has carried the cross through such places as Iraq, North Korea, Iran, Afghanistan, Somalia, Sudan, China,",
"psg_id": "5333728"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Blessitt",
"text": "Together they had six children: Gina, Joel, Joy, Joshua, Joseph and Jerusalem. All his sons are named Arthur, and go by their middle names. In 1990 he married Denise. They have adopted one child, Sophia. As of the late 2000s, he lives in Denver, Colorado. Arthur made the cross in 1968 to hang on the wall of 'His Place' on Sunset Strip, Hollywood. He made short cross-walks there. Then on Christmas morning in 1969, Blessitt began his journey with the cross, walking from Los Angeles to Washington, D.C. He later said he heard the voice of Jesus calling him to",
"psg_id": "5333727"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Blessitt",
"text": "the 50th year of Arthur carrying the cross (1968-2018). Over 42,279 miles (68,042km) through 324 countries (including Island Groups and Territories), of which 54 were in open war. This is about 84.5 million steps and about 19 billion pounds carried. He has crossed every ocean and walked on all seven continents (including Antarctica). He is known internationally as the \"Pilgrim with the Cross.\" He is in the Guinness World Records Book 2015 on page 155 with a photo and story for Longest Around the World Ongoing Pilgrimage/Walk. His latest film documentary in 2014 is \"The Cross Museum of Arthur and",
"psg_id": "5333730"
},
{
"title": "Walk the World",
"text": "Walk the World “End Hunger. Walk the World” is an annual event to raise awareness for the problem of child hunger and funds for WFP's (World Food Programme) school meals programmes. Walk the World is a joint effort between the United Nations World Food Programme and its partners, led by TNT, Unilever and DSM. Employees from these companies walk with WFP Goodwill Ambassadors, staff, and beneficiaries as well as government and NGO partners to show their solidarity in the fight against hunger and malnutrition. Since its inception, the Walk has mobilised about two million people across 24 time zones around",
"psg_id": "10171759"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Blessitt",
"text": "California. There he became known as the \"Minister of Sunset Strip.\" Blessitt preached to hippies, Hells Angels, runaways, drug addicts, teen prostitutes, flower children, would-be actors, and rock stars. In March 1968, he opened a coffee house called \"His Place\" in a rented building next door to a topless go-go club. It was there that he first made a big cross to hang on the wall of the building on the inside. He started carrying the cross on Sunset Strip from time to time. His first marriage was to Sherry Anne Simmons, whom he married within three weeks of dating.",
"psg_id": "5333726"
},
{
"title": "Walk the World",
"text": "global walk again, dubbed it and invited WFP staff as well as their own staff and families to join. 12 June 2005 21 May 2006 13 May 2007 1 June 2008 7 June 2009 http://walktheworld.wfp.org/ Walk the World “End Hunger. Walk the World” is an annual event to raise awareness for the problem of child hunger and funds for WFP's (World Food Programme) school meals programmes. Walk the World is a joint effort between the United Nations World Food Programme and its partners, led by TNT, Unilever and DSM. Employees from these companies walk with WFP Goodwill Ambassadors, staff, and",
"psg_id": "10171761"
},
{
"title": "Around the World with Auntie Mame",
"text": "in the USSR. The publisher felt the chapter, however satirical, would not be acceptable coming, as the novel did, at the height of the Red Scare. The reprinted edition has sold well at Amazon.com, maintaining a four-and-a-half-out-of-five star rating. Around the World with Auntie Mame Around the World with Auntie Mame (1958) is a novel by Patrick Dennis and sequel to his bestseller \"Auntie Mame\". Narrator \"Patrick\" is seventeen, and has left his private prep school. His Auntie Mame takes him with her on an extended tour of Europe, which becomes a round-the-world tour before his enrollment in college. They",
"psg_id": "12694054"
},
{
"title": "Shaun Micallef's World Around Him",
"text": "Shaun Micallef's World Around Him Shaun Micallef's World Around Him was an Australian sketch comedy television special. Its title is a parody of the Australian documentary series \"The World Around Us\". Airing on the Seven Network in 1996, the special provided a major stepping stone for comedian Shaun Micallef. The show helped to develop much of the style and content of Micallef's successful sketch-comedy series \"The Micallef Program\" which began airing on the ABC in 1998. The show was released as a bonus extra on the 2011 DVD \"The Incompleat Shaun Micallef\" which featured highlights of Micallef's work on the",
"psg_id": "11728207"
},
{
"title": "Shaun Micallef's World Around Him",
"text": "comedy series \"Full Frontal\" 1995-1997. Shaun Micallef's World Around Him Shaun Micallef's World Around Him was an Australian sketch comedy television special. Its title is a parody of the Australian documentary series \"The World Around Us\". Airing on the Seven Network in 1996, the special provided a major stepping stone for comedian Shaun Micallef. The show helped to develop much of the style and content of Micallef's successful sketch-comedy series \"The Micallef Program\" which began airing on the ABC in 1998. The show was released as a bonus extra on the 2011 DVD \"The Incompleat Shaun Micallef\" which featured highlights",
"psg_id": "11728208"
},
{
"title": "Oh! What a Carry On!",
"text": "songs had been hits in the 1950s. It was reissued by EMI Records in 2004 as a 2-CD set, with many additional tracks by actors associated with the \"Carry On...\" series. Oh! What a Carry On! Oh! What A Carry On! was a 1971 compilation album of songs performed by actors from the \"Carry On...\" film series, and released on the budget Music For Pleasure label (MFP 1416). Many were novelty songs with most, such as those by Jim Dale, having previously been released as singles. None were recorded specifically for this album or had any direct relationship to the",
"psg_id": "14812914"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did",
"text": "Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \"What Katy Did\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment",
"psg_id": "7578094"
},
{
"title": "Oh! What a Carry On!",
"text": "Oh! What a Carry On! Oh! What A Carry On! was a 1971 compilation album of songs performed by actors from the \"Carry On...\" film series, and released on the budget Music For Pleasure label (MFP 1416). Many were novelty songs with most, such as those by Jim Dale, having previously been released as singles. None were recorded specifically for this album or had any direct relationship to the \"Carry On\" films. For example, Kenneth Williams' songs as Rambling Syd Rumpo, which \"Gramophone\" magazine described as the best on the album, were taken from \"Round the Horne\" and Jim Dale's",
"psg_id": "14812913"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Sweetser",
"text": "Arthur Sweetser Arthur Sweetser (1888–1968) was an international journalist and statesman. Born in 1888, Arthur Sweetser was a member of a generation that saw the nations of the world engaging in violent bloodshed in what was labelled optimistically as the War to End all Wars. This was a period when contemporary principles of international law were first taking form and beginning to be put into practice. Following on the heels of World War I, there were many people who saw the urgency of developing greater cooperation among nations. Arthur Sweetser was one of these. He came from a family that",
"psg_id": "15082933"
},
{
"title": "On an Island with You",
"text": "Island with You\", (main roles and screen credits identified): Music by Nacio Herb Brown, lyrics by Edward Heyman, except where noted: Principal photography took place on MGM lots and on location around Anna Maria Island, Florida from June 1 to early September 1947. Williams disliked her director, and blamed him for an accident on set. During a scene she was supposed to walk along the jungle floor and fall into a hole camouflaged by vegetation, but there was no cushioning at the bottom to break her fall, and she did fall straight down to a hard landing, causing a sprained",
"psg_id": "14301819"
},
{
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 277",
"text": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 277 United Nations Security Council Resolution 277, adopted on March 18, 1970, the Council reaffirmed its previous resolutions and noted with grave concern that efforts thus far to bring the rebellion to the end had failed, some countries (Portugal and South Africa mentioned specifically) had not been obeying the Council's resolutions and that the situation in Southern Rhodesia continued to deteriorate as a result of the regime's new measures. The Council also reaffirmed the United Kingdom's responsibility over the territory and demanded the immediate withdrawal of South African armed personnel from Southern Rhodesia. The Council",
"psg_id": "11214533"
},
{
"title": "United Nations Security Council Resolution 277",
"text": "finished up by deciding that all member states shall immediately sever all diplomatic, consular, trade, military and other relations and terminate any representation that they maintained in the territory, immediately interrupt any existing means of transportation to and from Southern Rhodesia and that international and regional organizations suspend the illegal regime's membership. The resolution was adopted near unanimously, while Spain abstained. United Nations Security Council Resolution 277 United Nations Security Council Resolution 277, adopted on March 18, 1970, the Council reaffirmed its previous resolutions and noted with grave concern that efforts thus far to bring the rebellion to the end",
"psg_id": "11214534"
},
{
"title": "What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us",
"text": "What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us is a BBC documentary series produced in conjunction with the Open University that examines the impact of the Industrial Revolution on modern society. It was originally broadcast on BBC Two from 7 October to 11 November 2003. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the modern material world. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern working life. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the",
"psg_id": "12013122"
},
{
"title": "Around the World with Auntie Mame",
"text": "word beyond a few random post cards. Each chapter begins with Patrick's reassuring, off-hand comments about his journeys with Mame, and then continues with him narrating what really happened. Critical reception for the novel in 1958: Dennis's novels fell out of fashion for many years, but his best sellers were reprinted in 2003, with forewords and other commentary by present-day humorists and the author's son. \"Around The World With Auntie Mame\" was reprinted with the restoration of a chapter that had been censored from the original edition. The chapter tells of Auntie Mame's and Patrick's time on a collective farm",
"psg_id": "12694053"
},
{
"title": "What Goes Around Comes Around",
"text": "What Goes Around Comes Around What Goes Around Comes Around is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1979. By 1979, Jennings was on the tail end a hot streak that had made him one of the biggest superstars in country music. He had scored twelve Top 10 country hits since 1973 (including six chart toppers) and had recorded 4 straight #1 country albums, with 1977's \"Ol' Waylon\" also hitting #15 on the pop charts. Along with fellow outlaw Willie Nelson, he was at the forefront of what was being referred to as outlaw country, a musical",
"psg_id": "8933687"
},
{
"title": "A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan",
"text": "A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlán is a 1985 painting by the British artist David Hockney. Hockney painted \"A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard\" after discovering a hotel courtyard in Mexico, when car trouble forced him to stop on the way while driving to Mexico City. The painting is one of his more hotly coloured works, being mostly red, with green and yellow, and is done in reverse perspective. The oil on two canvases or a diptych measures 183×610 centimeters overall. It is owned by the Benesse Corporation and is currently on",
"psg_id": "9451527"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Sweetser",
"text": "would continue to need for future expansion. Arthur Sweetser died in 1968, but he made a strong and resounding impact on international education and global affairs. Arthur Sweetser Arthur Sweetser (1888–1968) was an international journalist and statesman. Born in 1888, Arthur Sweetser was a member of a generation that saw the nations of the world engaging in violent bloodshed in what was labelled optimistically as the War to End all Wars. This was a period when contemporary principles of international law were first taking form and beginning to be put into practice. Following on the heels of World War I,",
"psg_id": "15082939"
},
{
"title": "A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan",
"text": "Mexican exhibition, \"Hockney Paints the Stage\" in 1984. A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlán is a 1985 painting by the British artist David Hockney. Hockney painted \"A Walk Around the Hotel Courtyard\" after discovering a hotel courtyard in Mexico, when car trouble forced him to stop on the way while driving to Mexico City. The painting is one of his more hotly coloured works, being mostly red, with green and yellow, and is done in reverse perspective. The oil on two canvases or a diptych measures 183×610 centimeters overall. It is owned",
"psg_id": "9451530"
},
{
"title": "Goal III: Taking on the World",
"text": "Goal III: Taking on the World Goal III: Taking on the World (also known as Goal III) is the third part of the association football \"Goal!\" film trilogy, directed by Andrew Morahan written and produced by Mike Jefferies from the first two \"Goal!\" films. Unlike its two predecessors, this film did not have a theatrical release and was instead released straight to DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 15 June 2009. In the third installment of the football drama trilogy \"Goal!\", Kuno Becker returns as Mexican footballer Santiago Muñez, who, along with his best friends and England national",
"psg_id": "8916585"
},
{
"title": "Around the World with Auntie Mame",
"text": "Around the World with Auntie Mame Around the World with Auntie Mame (1958) is a novel by Patrick Dennis and sequel to his bestseller \"Auntie Mame\". Narrator \"Patrick\" is seventeen, and has left his private prep school. His Auntie Mame takes him with her on an extended tour of Europe, which becomes a round-the-world tour before his enrollment in college. They have adventures in Paris, London, Biarritz, Venice, Austria, Russia, Lebanon, and the high seas, meeting and dealing with British nobles, con men, embarrassing relatives, Nazis, and gunrunners before they arrive home again. Much of the action is a slyly",
"psg_id": "12694051"
},
{
"title": "Walk Through This World with Me",
"text": "and 1980s. Buoyed by the popularity of the title track, \"Walk Through This World With Me\" would rise to number two on the country music album chart. Album – Billboard (North America) Walk Through This World with Me Walk Through This World with Me is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1967 (see 1967 in country music) on the Musicor Records label. The song \"Walk Through This World With Me\" would become a number one hit for Jones in 1967, his first chart topper in five years. According to Bob Allen's book \"George Jones: The",
"psg_id": "9860745"
},
{
"title": "What Goes Around Comes Around",
"text": "would dismiss it out of hand, because there's a lot of good music here - more than enough to justify his continued hot streak.\" What Goes Around Comes Around What Goes Around Comes Around is an album by Waylon Jennings, released on RCA Victor in 1979. By 1979, Jennings was on the tail end a hot streak that had made him one of the biggest superstars in country music. He had scored twelve Top 10 country hits since 1973 (including six chart toppers) and had recorded 4 straight #1 country albums, with 1977's \"Ol' Waylon\" also hitting #15 on the",
"psg_id": "8933694"
},
{
"title": "Goal III: Taking on the World",
"text": "from the central character Santi to focus on two English players instead. The result is watchable and lively, but still a bit corny.\" Goal III: Taking on the World Goal III: Taking on the World (also known as Goal III) is the third part of the association football \"Goal!\" film trilogy, directed by Andrew Morahan written and produced by Mike Jefferies from the first two \"Goal!\" films. Unlike its two predecessors, this film did not have a theatrical release and was instead released straight to DVD and Blu-ray in the United Kingdom on 15 June 2009. In the third installment",
"psg_id": "8916591"
},
{
"title": "The Cross (2009 film)",
"text": "The Cross (2009 film) The Cross (also known as The Cross: The Arthur Blessitt Story) is a 2009 documentary film directed by Matthew Crouch, in his directorial debut. The film chronicles Arthur Blessitt's Guinness World Record-setting journey of 38,102 miles of forty years \"into every nation and major island group of the world\" while carrying a twelve-foot wooden cross. In 2018 he has carried the cross over 42,279 miles in 324 nations, island groups and territories as he walks on. This is his 50th year carrying the cross (1968-2018) Over 84.5 million steps and over 19 billion pounds carried. Twenty",
"psg_id": "13191348"
},
{
"title": "What I Did Last Summer",
"text": "What I Did Last Summer What I Did Last Summer is a play by the American playwright A.R. Gurney. The setting is a well-to-do vacation colony on the shores of Lake Erie, the time 1945, during the final stages of World War II. Charlie, an incipiently rebellious fourteen-year-old, is summering with his mother and sister (his father is fighting in the Pacific) before going off to an expensive boarding school in the fall. Although he intended to spend the summer loafing and socializing with his friends (such as Ted), the need for spending money forces him to take a job",
"psg_id": "11942392"
},
{
"title": "Around the World with Willy Fog",
"text": "of Intersound's English-language version of the theme tune. In 2004, Revelation Films released all twenty-six episodes of \"Around the World with Willy Fog\" on DVD in the UK, across five Region-0-encoded discs. Extras included character profiles, a Jules Verne biography, and bonus episodes of \"Arthur! and the Square Knights of the Round Table\" and \"Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds\". In 2005, all five discs were collected in a complete series box set. Also in 2004, the first nine episodes of \"Willy Fog 2\" were released on DVD by Direct Video Distribution Ltd. in the UK, across three volumes of three",
"psg_id": "6212466"
},
{
"title": "What We Did on Our Holiday",
"text": "film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73% rating based on 41 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: \"Witty and well-cast, \"What We Did on Our Holiday\" injects unlikely laughs into a story dealing with dark, difficult themes.\" On Metacritic, the film has a 54 out of 100 rating, based on 14 critics. What We Did on Our Holiday What We Did on Our Holiday is a 2014 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The film, starring David Tennant, Rosamund Pike, and Billy",
"psg_id": "17849612"
},
{
"title": "Walk Through This World with Me",
"text": "Walk Through This World with Me Walk Through This World with Me is an album by American country music artist George Jones released in 1967 (see 1967 in country music) on the Musicor Records label. The song \"Walk Through This World With Me\" would become a number one hit for Jones in 1967, his first chart topper in five years. According to Bob Allen's book \"George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend\", Jones was less than enthusiastic about the \"musically middle-of-the-road love ballad that was almost inspirational in its unabashedly optimistic and romantic sentiments - a",
"psg_id": "9860742"
},
{
"title": "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?",
"text": "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War? \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" was a British recruitment poster from 1915. It was released by the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee. A war recruitment poster from the First World War shows a daughter posing a question to her father, \"Daddy, what did YOU do in the Great War?\" There was an extensive recruitment campaign in Great Britain during World War I. Recruitment for World War I was different from prior wars, which had been fought by the regular (professional) army. Samuel Hynes writes that the war was fought",
"psg_id": "13686288"
},
{
"title": "Walk the World",
"text": "the globe. In 2010, Walk the World is on 6 June. Anyone can join a Walk event in one of the countries where it is organised by WFP and the Global Partners. 22 June 2003 Over 4,000 TNT N.V. employees in nine Asian countries walked a distance of over 20,000 km for Moving the World - the equivalent of halfway around the world. Once TNT's corporate matching funds had been added to the donations raised by the employees that day, over €60,000 had been generated for WFP. 20 June 2004 Based on the success in Asia, TNT N.V. organised the",
"psg_id": "10171760"
},
{
"title": "Look What This World Did to Us",
"text": "This World Did To Us\" adapted from AllMusic. Managerial Visuals and imagery Performance credits Technical and production Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \"Exclaim!\" wrote that the lyrics \"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus",
"psg_id": "18928609"
},
{
"title": "Around the World in 80 Treasures",
"text": "Around the World in 80 Treasures Around the World in 80 Treasures is a 10 episode art and travel documentary series by the BBC, presented by Dan Cruickshank, and originally aired in February, March, and April 2005. The title is a reference to \"Around the World in Eighty Days\", the classic adventure novel by Jules Verne. In this series, Cruickshank takes a five-month world tour visiting his choices of the eighty greatest man-made treasures, including buildings and artifacts. His tour takes him through 34 countries and 6 of the 7 continents (he does not visit Antarctica). He did not visit",
"psg_id": "5001862"
},
{
"title": "What Goes Around... Comes Around",
"text": "a group of unknown girls with red paint on their eyes are seen dancing next to him while one (Johansson) is seen waving her batons with fire on them near the end of the video. The music video of \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\" was exclusively premiered on February 9, 2007 on the iTunes Store. The music video debuted on MTV's \"Total Request Live\" at number nine on February 13, 2007. \"What Goes Around...\" retired on May 7 at number seven. In Canada, the music video debuted on Muchmusic's Top 30 countdown at number 22 on January 26, 2007. It",
"psg_id": "8893298"
},
{
"title": "What We Did on Our Holiday",
"text": "What We Did on Our Holiday What We Did on Our Holiday is a 2014 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The film, starring David Tennant, Rosamund Pike, and Billy Connolly, was inspired by but not related to the BBC show \"Outnumbered\". Doug McLeod (David Tennant) and his wife Abi (Rosamund Pike) unite following a tense separation to travel to the Scottish Highlands for Doug's father Gordie's (Billy Connolly) 75th birthday. Gordie has terminal cancer so Doug's brother, millionaire Gavin McLeod (Ben Miller) has arranged a lavish party for him, inviting all the important",
"psg_id": "17849604"
},
{
"title": "What the Ancients Did for Us",
"text": "inventions that emerged from Ancient Greece. This episode features reports from around the British Isles by Hart-Davis and Darling elaborated by demonstrations from Jopson and a variety of experts that examine the ideas and inventions of the Ancient Britons. What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather",
"psg_id": "7149508"
},
{
"title": "Carry On (franchise)",
"text": "(and even featured Joan Sims in the cast) it has no connection to the \"Carry On\" series itself. The much earlier 1937 film \"Carry On London\" is also unrelated (though it coincidentally starred future \"Carry On\" performer Eric Barker). The cast were poorly paid—around £5,000 per film for a principal performer. In his diaries, Kenneth Williams lamented this, and criticised several of the movies despite his declared fondness for the series as a whole. Peter Rogers, the series' producer, acknowledged: \"Kenneth was worth taking care of, because while he cost very little <nowiki>[...]</nowiki> he made a very great deal of",
"psg_id": "475448"
},
{
"title": "What the Stuarts Did for Us",
"text": "science-fiction. What the Stuarts Did for Us What the Stuarts Did for Us is a 2002 BBC documentary series that examines the impact of the Stuart period on modern society. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in architecture and life-style. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in science and engineering. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in economics and politics. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in science",
"psg_id": "12013116"
},
{
"title": "What the Stuarts Did for Us",
"text": "What the Stuarts Did for Us What the Stuarts Did for Us is a 2002 BBC documentary series that examines the impact of the Stuart period on modern society. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in architecture and life-style. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in science and engineering. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in economics and politics. Hart-Davis travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Stuart Period in science and",
"psg_id": "12013115"
},
{
"title": "What Did You Expect? (film)",
"text": "live. The film is being distributed by MVD Entertainment, and was released on DVD in November 2012. It is also available on iTunes, Hulu, and Video-on-Demand. Writing in Punk News, John Gentile said, \"The wilder songs, like 'Audiowhore' where bassist Matt Gentling just gets completely down, stomping around like a T-rex, are nearly berserk, with the band approaching a Stooges-type thrash. 'What Did You Expect?' could pass for Fugazi's wilder side. Gentling just goes nuts on the bass, which is wild. Likewise, the mid-tempo songs like \"Freezing Point\" have an inherent urgency.\" What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You",
"psg_id": "17542106"
},
{
"title": "Look What This World Did to Us",
"text": "Look What This World Did to Us Look What This World Did To Us is a studio album by Red Pill. Released on April 7, 2015 by Mello Music Group, it was largely well received by critics. The Canadian music publication \"Exclaim!\" wrote that the lyrics \"range from deeply intimate, to unflinchingly grim, to hilariously self-deprecating, often in the same bar.\" According to Red Pill, at the time of writing the album he'd been reading Charles Bukowski, which somewhat influenced the album's focus on \"the daily grind.\" About the production, Red Pill explained that \"for this particular record, I wanted",
"psg_id": "18928606"
},
{
"title": "Darién Gap",
"text": "Paya and Palo de las Letras. Accompanied by 11 and 13 year old Lico and Juan from Paya, the survivors report several big trees falling around them and river levels rising up to 3 meters that night. In 1979 evangelist Arthur Blessitt traversed the gap while carrying a 12-foot wooden cross, a trek confirmed by Guinness World Records as part of \"the longest round the world pilgrimage\" for Christ. Traveling alone with a machete plus one backpack crammed with water bottles, a hammock, Bible, notepad, lemon drops, and Blessitt's signature Jesus stickers saying \"Smile! God Loves you\", Blessitt describes his",
"psg_id": "2540693"
},
{
"title": "Benjamin Arthur",
"text": "Eyes of History: New Media Contest. Benjamin Arthur Benjamin Timothy Arthur (born April 26, 1982, in San Francisco, California) is an American animator . He gained modest acclaim for his animation \"Once Upon a Time in the Woods\", a Rotoscope of his younger brother Julian during a walk in the woods, which has been in numerous film contests around the world and on Current TV. Arthur also animated the popular \"Why Can't We Walk Straight?\" and \"The Billion Bug Highway\" animations for NPR's Robert Krulwich. Arthur (along with Krulwich) was the recipient of a third-place Multimedia Innovation award from the",
"psg_id": "14142643"
},
{
"title": "Benjamin Arthur",
"text": "Benjamin Arthur Benjamin Timothy Arthur (born April 26, 1982, in San Francisco, California) is an American animator . He gained modest acclaim for his animation \"Once Upon a Time in the Woods\", a Rotoscope of his younger brother Julian during a walk in the woods, which has been in numerous film contests around the world and on Current TV. Arthur also animated the popular \"Why Can't We Walk Straight?\" and \"The Billion Bug Highway\" animations for NPR's Robert Krulwich. Arthur (along with Krulwich) was the recipient of a third-place Multimedia Innovation award from the White House News Photographers Association's 2011",
"psg_id": "14142642"
},
{
"title": "What the Rose did to the Cypress",
"text": "and drank. A faqir asked him what he did there. He told him his story and asked the faqir's, repeating when the faqir put him off, until the faqir told him he had been a king, and his seven sons had all tried to win a princess whose hand could only be won by answering the riddle, \"What did the rose do to the cypress?\" and died for their failure. His grief sent him into the desert. This inspired the son with a love for the same princess. His attendants found him and brought him back, but he grew ill",
"psg_id": "8543550"
},
{
"title": "Taking a Line for a Second Walk",
"text": "Taking a Line for a Second Walk Taking a Line for a Second Walk is the name of piano duo reduction of a dance work for orchestra by Michael Nyman, \"Basic Black\", written in 1986 for the Houston Ballet. It is eponymous with a 1994 album on Work Music on which it constitutes approximately half the material. The album is also known as \"Music for Two Pianos\", which is given as the album's name on the back cover and insert back, while \"Taking a Line for a Second Walk\" appears on the front cover, spine, and physical disc. The performers",
"psg_id": "12426907"
},
{
"title": "Construction of the World Trade Center",
"text": "a stalemate. Months later, Sullivan was contacted by a colleague, Sidney Schachter, who had surveyed Hudson Terminal. After taking a walk around the Radio Row neighborhood, Schachter concluded that the site could be used for the World Trade Center. This would carry multiple benefits: the obsolete Hudson Terminal could be replaced with more modern office buildings; the H&M would get a new railway terminal; and the World Trade Center could be built without objections from New Jersey. Through the end of the year, the Port Authority continued to investigate the feasibility of taking over the H&M. In December 1961, Tobin",
"psg_id": "9076054"
},
{
"title": "Daddy, what did you do in the Great War?",
"text": "on such a scale that \"this time there would also have to be a vast recruitment of men like Daddy\". There were 1.4 million new volunteers in 1915, up from 1 million in 1914. 2.4 million Britons, or approximately 30% of military aged men, had volunteered for military service. Scholars believe the \"scale and nature of enlistment in Great Britain and the Dominions suggest the nations' emotional investment in the war\". Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau and Annette Becker have written that the campaign of mass propaganda, including what they describe as the \"guilt-inducing and brutal messages\" such as \"Daddy, what did YOU",
"psg_id": "13686289"
},
{
"title": "What Goes Around... Comes Around",
"text": "Annual Grammy Awards, once at the piano for \"What Goes Around Comes Around\" and later \"My Love\" and Bill Withers' \"Ain't No Sunshine.\" The song is featured in the set list of FutureSex/LoveShow (2007), Legends of the Summer (2013), The 20/20 Experience World Tour (2013/14) and the Man of the Woods Tour (2018/19). Timberlake performed the song along with Shawn Mendes at the 2018 iHeartRadio Music Festival. On May 23, 2007, Marilyn Manson and Tim Skold appeared on UK radio station BBC Radio 1's program \"Live Lounge\" to promote Marilyn Manson's 2007 album \"Eat Me, Drink Me\". They performed an",
"psg_id": "8893300"
},
{
"title": "What I Did Right",
"text": "What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \"Change\". The song reached number 22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn",
"psg_id": "18787753"
},
{
"title": "Things I Carry Around",
"text": "Things I Carry Around Things I Carry Around is the eleventh studio album by Australian country music artist Troy Cassar-Daley. The album was released 26 August 2016 and peaked at number 5 on the ARIA Charts. \"Things I Carry Around\" is also the title of Cassar-Daley's autobiography. Caesar-Daley said “After going over so much of my life for the book, it just started to come out of me; the album almost wrote itself” At the 2017 Country Music Awards of Australia the album won Album of the Year. Working Bull said \"It is very much a Troy Cassar-Daley sounding album,",
"psg_id": "20889308"
},
{
"title": "277 Elvira",
"text": "new individual rotation lightcurves to augment previous published observations. Measurements of the thermal inertia of 277 Elvira give a value of around 190 J m K s, compared to 50 for lunar regolith and 400 for coarse sand in an atmosphere. 277 Elvira Elvira (minor planet designation: 277 Elvira) is a typical main belt asteroid and is a member of the Koronis asteroid family. It was discovered by Auguste Charlois on 3 May 1888 in Nice. (277) Elvira is possibly named for a character in Alphonse de Lamartine’s \"Méditations poétiques\" (1820) and \"Harmonies poétiques et religieuses\" (1830). A group of",
"psg_id": "4621268"
},
{
"title": "Arthur McBride",
"text": "version of the song contains the Irish word \"spailpín\" meaning \"wandering landless labourer\" and (occasionally) \"layabout, rascal or ruffian\". Arthur McBride \"Arthur McBride\" (also called \"Arthur McBride and the Sergeant\") is a folk song found in Ireland, Scotland and England with slight variations. The song can be narrowly categorized as an \"anti-recruiting\" song, a specific form of anti-war song, and more broadly as a protest song. Reportedly, it was first collected around 1840 in Limerick by Patrick Weston Joyce; also in Donegal by George Petrie. In the song, the narrator and his cousin, Arthur McBride were taking a walk when",
"psg_id": "7692139"
},
{
"title": "Arthur McBride",
"text": "Arthur McBride \"Arthur McBride\" (also called \"Arthur McBride and the Sergeant\") is a folk song found in Ireland, Scotland and England with slight variations. The song can be narrowly categorized as an \"anti-recruiting\" song, a specific form of anti-war song, and more broadly as a protest song. Reportedly, it was first collected around 1840 in Limerick by Patrick Weston Joyce; also in Donegal by George Petrie. In the song, the narrator and his cousin, Arthur McBride were taking a walk when they were approached by three British military recruiters, a recruiting sergeant, a Corporal and a young drummer. The recruiters",
"psg_id": "7692135"
},
{
"title": "Around the World in 80 Days (2004 film)",
"text": "and Xing start their journey around the world, taking a carriage and leaving London after a confrontation with Inspector Fix (Ewen Bremner), a corrupt officer hired by Lord Kelvin to stop them. Xing and Phileas journey to Paris, France. Pretending to take Phileas to a convention with Thomas Edison, Xing leads him to an art school where Phileas meets Monique La Roche, a would-be impressionist. There, Xing is attacked by disguised warriors, the Black Scorpions, sent by General Fang, a warlord from China who is after the Jade Buddha that he stole. Fang had previously given it to Kelvin in",
"psg_id": "3235173"
},
{
"title": "USS SC-277",
"text": "after 30 April 1918. On 17 July 1920 \"SC-277\" received, as part of the new U.S. Navy letter-number scheme, the hull designation of PC-277. She returned to Mare Island on 17 October 1920. \"SC-277\" was decommissioned on 15 June 1922 and sold on 25 September 1922 to M. Levin & Sons of San Francisco, California. Her ultimate fate is unknown. USS SC-277 USS \"SC-277, sometimes styled as either Submarine Chaser No. 277 or S.C.-277\", was an built for the United States Navy during World War I. Like most members of her class, she was not named and known only by",
"psg_id": "11636161"
},
{
"title": "Carry On Sergeant",
"text": "\"Carry On Sergeant\" had not been conceived as the start of a film series; only after the film's surprising success did the producer Peter Rogers and the director Gerald Thomas set about planning a further project. After reusing the \"Carry On\" prefix and some cast members in their next project \"Carry On Nurse\" (1959) and having success with that film, the \"Carry On\" series of films evolved. The term \"Carry on\" is typically issued by an officer to an NCO when handing over control of a parade or inspection. Newly married Mary Sage (Shirley Eaton) is distraught when her husband",
"psg_id": "5717548"
},
{
"title": "What Goes Around... Comes Around",
"text": "acoustic version of \"Heart-Shaped Glasses (When the Heart Guides the Hand)\", followed with an acoustic cover of \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\". The Manson cover does not include the interlude. On May 28, 2007, Dutch singer Esmée Denters posted a version of the song on YouTube accompanied by Justin Timberlake on piano and backing vocals. At the conclusion, he says, \"She sings my song better than me.\" Timberlake later produced Denters' debut album, \"Outta Here\". French singer Myriam Abel, the winner of Nouvelle Star 3, also recorded a non-commercial cover of \"What Goes Around.../...Comes Around\" with a Raï influence, accessible",
"psg_id": "8893301"
},
{
"title": "What We Did on Our Holidays",
"text": "Casal, of Ryan Adams and the Cardinals, later listed \"What We Did on Our Holidays\" as one of his favourite albums of all time. What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such",
"psg_id": "4299756"
},
{
"title": "Walk Through This World with Me (song)",
"text": "Walk Through This World with Me (song) \"Walk Through This World with Me\" is a song written by Sandy Seamons and Kaye Savage and recorded by American country music artist George Jones. It was released in January 1967 as the title track of his twenty-fourth album. The single was George Jones' fifty-seventh release on the country chart and his fourth number one. \"Walk Through This World With Me\" stayed at number one for two weeks and spent a total of nineteen weeks on the country chart. Jones was less than enthusiastic about the musically middle-of-the-road love ballad that was almost",
"psg_id": "14085060"
},
{
"title": "Carry On Laughing",
"text": "to play leading characters. ATV had already helped to bring the \"Carry On\"s to the small screen in 1973, when it broadcast \"What A Carry On\", a one-off show hosted by Shaw Taylor featuring clips from the stage play \"Carry On London\" and interviews with its stars - Sid James, Barbara Windsor, Bernard Bresslaw, Kenneth Connor, Peter Butterworth and Jack Douglas. It is believed that this footage is missing from the archives. \"What A Carry On\" was also the title of a BBC series of classic clips from the films. The title \"Carry On Laughing\" was also used for: The",
"psg_id": "7067372"
},
{
"title": "USS SC-277",
"text": "USS SC-277 USS \"SC-277, sometimes styled as either Submarine Chaser No. 277 or S.C.-277\", was an built for the United States Navy during World War I. Like most members of her class, she was not named and known only by her designation. \"SC-277\" was laid down at the Mare Island Navy Yard at Mare Island, California; launched on 31 July 1917; and commissioned 9 April 1918. The sub chaser conducted three trials between 11 April and 1 May, and on 3 May departed Mare Island. While at Ponta Delgada, Azores, \"SC-277\" received a repair party from destroyer tender on or",
"psg_id": "11636160"
},
{
"title": "Around the World with Willy Fog",
"text": "Around the World with Willy Fog Around the World with Willy Fog (, ) is a Spanish-Japanese animated adaptation of \"Around the World in Eighty Days\" by Jules Verne produced by Spanish studio BRB Internacional and Televisión Española, with animation by Japanese studio Nippon Animation, that was first broadcast on ANTENNE 2 in 1983 and TVE1 in 1984. In the same vein as BRB's \"Dogtanian and the Three Muskehounds\", the characters are anthropomorphisms of various animals as the species depicted are of much greater variety than in that series. The core trio are all felines being pursued by three canine",
"psg_id": "6212449"
},
{
"title": "Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks",
"text": "Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks is a 1931 American Pre-Code documentary film directed by Douglas Fairbanks and Victor Fleming and written by Robert E. Sherwood. The film was released on December 12, 1931, by United Artists. Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. and a crew of three--photographers Harry Sharp and Chuck Lewis and co-director Victor Fleming--journey around the world and report on various cultural curiosities and the humor they find in everyday life overseas. Beginning with Japan, Fairbanks focuses on the people and observes a Japanese woman demonstrating how her",
"psg_id": "18321325"
},
{
"title": "Goal III: Taking on the World",
"text": "dies on the way from an aneurysm (from the car accident). England crash out of the quarter-finals against Portugal as Liam misses a crucial penalty against Portuguese goalkeeper Ricardo while Cristiano Ronaldo converts. Liam later proposes June to marry him. Santiago Muñez is the Best Man. During his wedding speech he remembers Charlie and his eyes get teary. As confetti is thrown on Liam and June, Italy are shown lifting the World Cup Trophy after beating France on penalties in the final. Also following the tournament around Germany in their St. George's Cross festooned camper van are the \"Geordie Boys\",",
"psg_id": "8916588"
},
{
"title": "Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks",
"text": "The film concludes with a \"magic carpet\" ride back to Hollywood, which incorporates aerial footage of Chicago and the Los Angeles basin. Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks Around the World in 80 Minutes with Douglas Fairbanks is a 1931 American Pre-Code documentary film directed by Douglas Fairbanks and Victor Fleming and written by Robert E. Sherwood. The film was released on December 12, 1931, by United Artists. Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. and a crew of three--photographers Harry Sharp and Chuck Lewis and co-director Victor Fleming--journey around the world and report on various cultural curiosities and the humor",
"psg_id": "18321328"
},
{
"title": "Things I Carry Around",
"text": "staying true to his sounds and his style of music we have all come to love. This album is composed of songs about reflection; some are deep and meaningful, there are also songs that are great easy listening around a fire but they all seem honest and are strong story telling in nature. This album paints a picture of Troy's life from childhood to young adult.\" Things I Carry Around Things I Carry Around is the eleventh studio album by Australian country music artist Troy Cassar-Daley. The album was released 26 August 2016 and peaked at number 5 on the",
"psg_id": "20889309"
},
{
"title": "The Wall Around the World",
"text": "The Wall Around the World \"The Wall Around the World\" is a science fiction short story by American writer Theodore Cogswell and first published in \"Beyond Fantasy Fiction\" in 1953. It is set in a world where magic is taken for granted and technology is banned. The Wall around the world fascinates 13-year-old Porgie Mills. He wants to know what is on the other side, but it towers over 1000 feet, glassy smooth and higher than anyone can fly on a broomstick. His obsession affects his magical schoolwork. His teacher Mr. Wickens informs his uncle and aunt, with whom he",
"psg_id": "11919781"
},
{
"title": "Rings Around the World",
"text": "on the song \"Presidential Suite\". The Super Furry Animals had met Cale in Cardiff when they acted as his backing band for a song which appeared on the film \"Beautiful Mistake\". They originally asked him to arrange strings for \"Presidential Suite\" but Cale turned them down reasoning that he would simply do what the band do: hum a melody to someone who could write the music down for him. \"Rings Around the World\" is \"very cinematic\" and falls somewhere between the Super Furry Animals' 1999 album, the \"instantaneous, easy to grasp, and almost disposable\" \"Guerrilla\", and its \"exact opposite\", 2000's",
"psg_id": "3986632"
},
{
"title": "What the Rose did to the Cypress",
"text": "lived happily with his four wives. What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a",
"psg_id": "8543560"
},
{
"title": "What the Rose did to the Cypress",
"text": "What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a tree with a spring beneath it",
"psg_id": "8543549"
},
{
"title": "Interstate 277 (North Carolina)",
"text": "Interstate 277 (North Carolina) Interstate 277 (I-277) is a auxiliary Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as a partial loop around Charlotte center city. I-277 is a four to eight-lane downtown beltway that surrounds Charlotte center city. Starting at exit 9 on I-77/US 21, it goes northeast, in concurrency with US 74, to Independence Freeway; from there it goes northwest, in concurrency with NC 16, back to I-77/US 21 (exit 11). I-277 is signed both north–south and with inner/outer directions. I-277 is one of three ring roads serving the Charlotte area, the other two being",
"psg_id": "6622382"
},
{
"title": "Interstate 277 (North Carolina)",
"text": "of Fame among others. Interstate 277 (North Carolina) Interstate 277 (I-277) is a auxiliary Interstate Highway in the U.S. state of North Carolina. It serves as a partial loop around Charlotte center city. I-277 is a four to eight-lane downtown beltway that surrounds Charlotte center city. Starting at exit 9 on I-77/US 21, it goes northeast, in concurrency with US 74, to Independence Freeway; from there it goes northwest, in concurrency with NC 16, back to I-77/US 21 (exit 11). I-277 is signed both north–south and with inner/outer directions. I-277 is one of three ring roads serving the Charlotte area,",
"psg_id": "6622387"
},
{
"title": "What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us",
"text": "idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern transportation. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern medicine. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern warfare. Cruickshank travels around Britain to introduce the idea and inventions of the Industrial Revolution that created the features of modern city life. What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us What the Industrial Revolution Did for Us is a BBC documentary series produced in conjunction",
"psg_id": "12013123"
},
{
"title": "Around the World in 20 Years",
"text": "- Revisited\", which incorporated pictures from, as well as an account of, this journey. Around the World in 20 Years Around the World in 20 Years is a BBC television travel documentary first broadcast in December 2008, presented by Michael Palin. It follows him as he retraces the Dubai - Mumbai leg of his journey \"\". Also featured is his reunion with the captain and crew of the \"al-Sharma\" dhow, in which he had undertaken the journey 20 years ago. Palin finds the captain of the \"al-Sharma\" in Gujarat and is heartily welcomed. He also reunites with several of the",
"psg_id": "12927663"
},
{
"title": "What Goes Around Comes Around",
"text": "A 1977 drug bust had rattled him but he continued using, and in 1980 he would discover that he was broke. Released when the outlaw country movement was already visibly past its prime, \"What Goes Around Comes Around\" was Jennings' first album since 1975 not to reach #1 on the \"Billboard\" country albums chart, peaking at #2. It remained at #2 for 14 weeks and would have likely topped the charts had it not been for the crossover success of Kenny Rogers' \"Kenny\". Production duties were largely left to longtime Waylors drummer Richie Albright, with Jennings later saying, \"As the",
"psg_id": "8933689"
},
{
"title": "Carry On (franchise)",
"text": "\"Carry On\" films, beginning with \"Carry On Doctors\" and \"Carry On Campus\". As of early 2017, no news had surfaced on if the planned reboot is still going ahead. On 12 April 2017, Sothcott confirmed to thehollywoodnews that he is no longer involved with the film series. The characters and comedy style of the \"Carry On\" film series, were adapted to a television series titled \"Carry On Laughing\", and several Christmas specials. In 1971, Music For Pleasure released a long playing record, \"Oh! What a Carry On!\" (MFP MONO 1416), featuring songs performed by Kenneth Williams, Jim Dale, Kenneth Connor,",
"psg_id": "475456"
},
{
"title": "What Kate Did",
"text": "'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode",
"psg_id": "7347822"
},
{
"title": "Around the World with Willy Fog",
"text": "as a puppet manipulated by Celia Vioque. Scripted by original series creator Claudio Biern Boyd and directed by Ricard Reguant, the musical ran twice a day in the Teatro Häagen-Dazs Calderón in Madrid from October 2008; although originally intended only to run until the end of the year, the show's success saw its run extended first until early February 2009, after which it proved so successful that it went on tour around the country until the end of the year. Around the World with Willy Fog Around the World with Willy Fog (, ) is a Spanish-Japanese animated adaptation of",
"psg_id": "6212468"
},
{
"title": "Walk Through This World with Me (song)",
"text": "album.\" Two years later he elaborated in his autobiography \"I Lived to Tell It All\": For all his dominance of the country charts for most of his career, Jones would only score nine solo #1 hits in his lifetime, with \"Walk Through This World with Me\" being his first since \"She Thinks I Still Care\" in 1962. Jones would not score another #1 until \"The Grand Tour\" in 1974. Walk Through This World with Me (song) \"Walk Through This World with Me\" is a song written by Sandy Seamons and Kaye Savage and recorded by American country music artist George",
"psg_id": "14085062"
},
{
"title": "R. T. Kendall",
"text": "with some Christian groups. A longtime member of Westminster Chapel had the following testimony regarding Kendall's preaching legacy: He instigated a \"Pilot Lights\" scheme of church members distributing tracts and orange stickers such as \"Turn on to Jesus\" and \"Jesus Loves You\" initially led by Arthur Blessitt on the streets of Westminster in different languages to the general public. These evangelism techniques were based on those of Arthur Blessitt who preached at Westminster Chapel for a few weeks along with Sherry Blessitt and their children in the late 1980s. The scheme continued for about a decade. As a result, significant",
"psg_id": "6827131"
},
{
"title": "Perp walk",
"text": "arrested on burglary charges after a resident sent video from a hidden camera to police that apparently showed Lauro stealing from his apartment while on vacation. After his arrest the detectives were told he should be taken on a perp walk for cameras from a local TV station, to which the tenant had licensed his surveillance video. He was taken, in handcuffs, out to a police car, driven around the block and walked back into the building. While the video showed Lauro looking through the tenant's drawers and closets, it did not show him taking anything. On further investigation the",
"psg_id": "6715907"
},
{
"title": "Around the World in 80 Days (miniseries)",
"text": "Around the World in 80 Days (miniseries) Around the World in 80 Days is a 1989 three-part television Eastmancolor miniseries originally broadcast on NBC. The production garnered three nominations for Emmy awards that year. The teleplay by John Gay is based on the Jules Verne novel of the same title. The plot centres around Phileas Fogg (Pierce Brosnan) making a £30,000 wager with three members of the Reform Club that he can circumnavigate the world in 80 days. He takes with him his newly employed French valet Passepartout (Eric Idle), and is pursued by Detective Wilbur Fix (Peter Ustinov) who",
"psg_id": "11432362"
},
{
"title": "Taking a Line for a Second Walk",
"text": "first three tracks of the album (the second and third are identified as \"(untitled)\" in the reissue cover, and simply left blank in the original). The album also contains an expansion of the \"Water Dances\" for Peter Greenaway's film about synchronized swimming, \"Making a Splash\", which originally appeared on the album \"The Kiss and Other Movements\". The album's liner notes mention that this latter work invokes a chord progression from a madrigal by Claudio Monteverdi. Taking a Line for a Second Walk Taking a Line for a Second Walk is the name of piano duo reduction of a dance work",
"psg_id": "12426910"
},
{
"title": "I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day",
"text": "The single's other side featured the only two songs ever released by Calm Down It's Monday, a band which consisted of Doiron and Frederick Squire. \"The Life of Dreams\" appeared in an iPhone commercial in July 2014. All songs written by Julie Doiron, except \"Spill Yer Lungs\" and \"Blue\" by Frederick Squire. I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day is an album by Julie Doiron, released on March 10, 2009. Recorded at the home studio of Rick White, the album's producer and Doiron's onetime bandmate in Eric's Trip, the",
"psg_id": "13026098"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Spooner",
"text": "of the communist nations around the world. In the episode \"Steve Moscow\" he claims that the Soviet Union was a \"workers' paradise,\" and in the episode \"Strike Out\", he says that he was once enrolled at a socialist summer camp. When Doug goes on strike, Arthur almost kisses him out of pride; these feelings of affection quickly turn into disgust when Doug takes a job at a school as a substitute teacher (with Arthur angrily remarking: \"Whatever helps you sleep at night you douche\"). However, in one episode, in a debate with Spence on whether the United States should lift",
"psg_id": "5358436"
},
{
"title": "Carry On (Martha Wash song)",
"text": "Factory, and the Weather Girls, it's difficult to believe that this is Wash's first solo recording. Regardless, she proves why she will always be the prototype for future dance music divas on this driven pop/dance romp. It almost doesn't even matter what she's singing; any chance to wonder at the power of her voice is worth taking. Fortunately, this song works just fine, and is roping in club DJs at a rapid rate. Watch radio to quickly follow suit.\" Carry On (Martha Wash song) \"Carry On\" is a song recorded by American singer/songwriter Martha Wash. The single was the first",
"psg_id": "19232757"
},
{
"title": "2017 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 50 kilometres walk",
"text": "Arai finally taking a slight lead for silver, 8:05 behind Diniz. It was the second fastest 50k racewalk of all time, only behind Diniz' world record and the largest margin of victory in World Championship history. Before the competition records were as follows: The following records were set at the competition: The standard to qualify automatically for entry was 4:06:00. The final took place on 13 August at 07:46. The results were as follows: 2017 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 50 kilometres walk The men's 50 kilometres walk at the 2017 World Championships in Athletics was held on a",
"psg_id": "20277958"
},
{
"title": "The Cross (2009 film)",
"text": "of it on his life and family. As an example, Annie Young Frisbie, writing for \"Christianity Today\", wrote: The soundtrack features original songs by Javen and The Katinas that are inspired by the film as well as an original score from first-time composer Matthew R. Long. The Cross (2009 film) The Cross (also known as The Cross: The Arthur Blessitt Story) is a 2009 documentary film directed by Matthew Crouch, in his directorial debut. The film chronicles Arthur Blessitt's Guinness World Record-setting journey of 38,102 miles of forty years \"into every nation and major island group of the world\" while",
"psg_id": "13191350"
},
{
"title": "What in the World",
"text": "What in the World \"What in the World\" is a song by David Bowie released on his 1977 album \"Low\", later making appearances as repertoire in the 1978 world tour as well as other major tours. \"What in the World\" showcases some of Bowie's Berlin-era songwriting and production techniques. This song, like others on \"Low\", shows Bowie's experiments with disjointed, non-linear lyrics with seemingly random sentences and free-associative phrases. The song makes heavy use of synthesizer and recording studio techniques, heavily influenced by the work of Brian Eno, who collaborated with the album. A \"blip\"-like sound comparable to the sounds",
"psg_id": "7251048"
},
{
"title": "What Goes Around... Comes Around",
"text": "on the Australian ARIA singles chart on March 26, 2007, gaining the Highest Debut certification. It spent a total of 22 weeks on the chart. \"What Goes Around.../...Comes Around\" was certified two-times platinum by the Australian Recording Industry Association for selling over 30,000 units. The single peaked at number three in the New Zealand on April 9, 2007, and spent 16 weeks on the chart. \"What Goes Around.../...Comes Around\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. The music video for the \"What Goes Around... Comes Around\" was produced as a short movie. The video was directed",
"psg_id": "8893294"
},
{
"title": "I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day",
"text": "I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day I Can Wonder What You Did with Your Day is an album by Julie Doiron, released on March 10, 2009. Recorded at the home studio of Rick White, the album's producer and Doiron's onetime bandmate in Eric's Trip, the album is more rock-oriented than Doiron's other solo albums, revisiting the sound and style of Eric's Trip. The album's first single, \"Consolation Prize\", was released to radio in early February. Alternate versions of the songs \"Heavy Snow\" and \"Nice to Come Home\" were released on a split 7\" single in May 2009.",
"psg_id": "13026097"
},
{
"title": "Walk with Me in Hell (DVD)",
"text": "Walk with Me in Hell (DVD) Walk with Me in Hell is a 2008 live DVD by American metal band Lamb of God. On May 1, 2008, Lamb of God stated via Myspace that their new live DVD, \"Walk with Me in Hell\", would be released on July 1, 2008. The DVD is two discs long and has nearly five hours of footage. It contains the feature documentary \"Walk with Me in Hell\" and multiple live performance extras from across the globe on the \"Sacrament\" World Tour as well as the additional full-length feature “Making of \"Sacrament\"” plus Lamb of",
"psg_id": "11923746"
},
{
"title": "What We Did on Our Holidays",
"text": "What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such as \"Fotheringay\" and the song traditionally used to close live concerts, \"Meet on the Ledge\". Following the departure of Judy Dyble, the band conducted",
"psg_id": "4299753"
}
] | [
"a wooden cross"
] |
where in the former soviet union was yul brynner born? | [
{
"title": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union Rugby union in the Soviet Union was a moderately popular sport. It was most popular in Georgia; parts of the Russian SFSR such as Moscow and certain regions in Siberia like Krasnoyarsk; and Alma-Ata, the former capital of Kazakhstan. Rugby enjoyed a more limited popularity in the Ukraine, Minsk in the Byelorussia and parts of the RSFSR such as Leningrad and areas in Southern Russia, including Krasnodar. Rugby gained a significant following due to the vast size of the Soviet Union, but was never a major sport; despite many attempts to develop the sport,",
"psg_id": "13810887"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "residents. Short subjects At the height of his career Yul Brynner was voted by exhibitors as among the most popular stars at the box office: Yul Brynner Yul Brynner (born Yuliy Borisovich Briner, ; July 11, 1920 – October 10, 1985) was a Russian-born film and stage actor. Brynner was best known for his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical \"The King and I\", for which he won two Tony Awards and an Academy Award for the film version. He played the role 4,625 times on stage. He also starred as Ramesses II in",
"psg_id": "737114"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "Yul Brynner Yul Brynner (born Yuliy Borisovich Briner, ; July 11, 1920 – October 10, 1985) was a Russian-born film and stage actor. Brynner was best known for his portrayal of King Mongkut of Siam in the Rodgers and Hammerstein musical \"The King and I\", for which he won two Tony Awards and an Academy Award for the film version. He played the role 4,625 times on stage. He also starred as Ramesses II in the Cecil B. DeMille epic \"The Ten Commandments\" (1956), and played General Bounine in the film \"Anastasia\" (also 1956), the gunman Chris Adams in \"The",
"psg_id": "737086"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "grounds of the Saint-Michel-de-Bois-Aubry Orthodox monastery, near Luzé, between Tours and Poitiers in France (47.009N, 0.486E). On September 28, 2012, a 2.4-m-tall statue was inaugurated at Yul Brynner Park, in front of the home where he was born at Aleutskaya St. No. 15 in Vladivostok, Russia. Created by local sculptor Alexei Bokiy, the monument was carved in granite from China. The grounds for the park were donated by the city of Vladivostok, which also paid additional costs. Vladivostok Mayor Igor Pushkariov, US Consul General Sylvia Curran, and Yul's son, Rock Brynner, participated in the ceremony, along with hundreds of local",
"psg_id": "737113"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "consultant on refugees. Brynner wrote \"Bring Forth the Children: A Journey to the Forgotten People of Europe and the Middle East\" (1960), with photographs by himself and Magnum photographer Inge Morath, and \"The Yul Brynner Cookbook: Food Fit for the King and You\" (1983 ). He was also an accomplished guitarist. In his early period in Europe, he often played and sang gypsy songs in Parisian nightclubs with Aliosha Dimitrievitch. He sang some of those same songs in the film \"The Brothers Karamazov\". In 1967, Dimitrievitch and he released a record album \"The Gypsy and I: Yul Brynner Sings Gypsy",
"psg_id": "737104"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "Odyssey: The Brynners in Far East Russia and Beyond\". He regularly returned to Vladivostok, the city of his father's birth, for the \"Pacific Meridian\" Film Festival. Yul Brynner had a long affair with Marlene Dietrich, who was 19 years his senior, beginning during the first production of \"The King and I\". In 1959, Brynner fathered a daughter, Lark Brynner, with Frankie Tilden, who was 20 years old. Lark lived with her mother and Brynner supported her financially. His second wife, from 1960 to 1967, Doris Kleiner, was a Chilean model whom he married on the set during shooting of \"The",
"psg_id": "737106"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "Magnificent Seven\" (1960) and its first sequel \"Return of the Seven\", and the android \"The Gunslinger\" in \"Westworld\" (1973) and its sequel \"Futureworld\" (1976). Brynner was known for his shaved head, which he maintained as a personal trademark long after adopting it in 1951 for his role in \"The King and I\". Earlier, he was a model and television director, and later a photographer and the author of two books. Yul Brynner was born Yuliy Borisovich Briner on July 11, 1920 in Vladivostok, Far Eastern Republic (present-day Primorsky Krai, Russia). He enjoyed telling tall tales and exaggerating his background and",
"psg_id": "737087"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "Brynner had his first hit in years with \"Westworld\" (1973). His next two films were variations on this performance: \"The Ultimate Warrior\" (1975) and \"Futureworld\" (1976). Brynner returned to Broadway in \"Home Sweet Homer\", a notorious flop musical. His final movie was \"Death Rage\" (1976), an Italian action film. In addition to his work as a director and performer, Brynner was an active photographer and wrote two books. His daughter Victoria put together \"Yul Brynner: Photographer\" (), a collection of his photographs of family, friends, and fellow actors, as well as those he took while serving as a UN special",
"psg_id": "737103"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "Songs\" (Vanguard VSD 79265). Brynner married four times. The first three marriages ended in divorce. He fathered three children and adopted two. His first wife (1944–1960) was actress Virginia Gilmore with whom he had one child, Yul 'Rock' Brynner (born December 23, 1946). His father nicknamed him \"Rock\" when he was six years old in honor of boxer Rocky Graziano. He is a historian, novelist, and university history lecturer at Marist College in Poughkeepsie, New York and Western Connecticut State University in Danbury, Connecticut. In 2006, Rock wrote a book about his father and his family history titled \"Empire and",
"psg_id": "737105"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "to imitate him, and a shaven head was often referred to as the \"Yul Brynner look\". Brynner reprised his \"Shall We Dance?\" segment with Patricia Morison on the TV special \"\", broadcast March 28, 1954 on all four American TV networks of the time. Brynner's second motion picture was the film version of \"The King and I\" (1956) with Deborah Kerr. It was a huge success critically and commercially. Cecil B. de Mille hired him for \"The Ten Commandments\" (1956) to play Ramesses II opposite Charlton Heston after seeing him in the stage version of \"The King and I,\" telling",
"psg_id": "737096"
},
{
"title": "Victoria Brynner",
"text": "2012 as creative consultant and executive producer for its global advertising campaign for Lady Gaga's fragrance Lady Gaga Fame. In 2012, Brynner collaborated with Carine Roitfeld for the launch of CR Fashion Book where she produced and cast over 30 photo shoots. In 2013, she cast Johnny Depp in Christian Dior's men's fragrance, Sauvage. In 2010, on the 25th anniversary of her father's death, Brynner published \"Yul Brynner: A Photographic Journey\". Brynner lives in Beverly Hills, California with her husband and business partner, Gino Sullivan, and their two children. Victoria Brynner Victoria Brynner (born 1962) is the founder of Stardust",
"psg_id": "19574107"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "Magnificent Seven\" in 1960. They had one child, Victoria Brynner (born November 1962), whose godmother was Audrey Hepburn. Belgian novelist and artist Monique Watteau was also romantically linked with Brynner, from 1961–1967. His third wife (1971–1981), Jacqueline Thion de la Chaume, a French socialite, was the widow of Philippe de Croisset (son of French playwright Francis de Croisset and a publishing executive). Brynner and Jacqueline adopted two Vietnamese children: Mia (1974) and Melody (1975). The first house Brynner owned was the Manoir de Criqueboeuf, a 16th-century manor house that Jacqueline and he purchased. His 1980 announcement that he would continue",
"psg_id": "737107"
},
{
"title": "Lord Brynner",
"text": "Lord Brynner Kade Simon (c. 1937 – 1985), better known as Lord Brynner, was a Trinidadian calypsonian who won the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Calypso Contest in 1962. He also had a number of Ska hits in Jamaica during the mid-1960's. Kade Simon was born in Erin, Trinidad. Taking inspiration from the actor Yul Brynner, he adopted the stage name Lord Brynner, together with the shaved head of the actor, and became a popular calypsonian in the late 1950s. He joined the West India Regiment and relocated to Jamaica, where he continued to perform, before returning to Trinidad after the",
"psg_id": "17550792"
},
{
"title": "Victoria Brynner",
"text": "Victoria Brynner Victoria Brynner (born 1962) is the founder of Stardust Brands, a consultancy that connects fashion and luxury brands with creative talent. Brynner is the daughter of Yul Brynner, a Russian-born, United States-based film and stage actor, and Doris Kleiner, a Chilean model and socialite. She grew up in Switzerland and Paris. Brynner has worked with global brands including Louis Vuitton, Christian Dior, Zac Posen and Versace. In 2007, Brynner cast Mikhail Gorbachev, Catherine Deneuve, Andre Agassi and Steffi Graf to star in Louis Vuitton's Core Values campaign photographed by Annie Leibovitz. Brynner was hired by Coty, Inc., in",
"psg_id": "19574106"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "citizen who moved to Vladivostok in the 1870s and established a successful import/export company. Brynner's paternal grandmother, Natalya Yosifovna Kurkutova, was a native of Irkutsk and a Eurasian of part Buryat ancestry. Brynner's mother, Marousia Dimitrievna (née Blagovidova), came from the Russian intelligentsia and studied to be an actress and singer. Brynner felt a strong personal connection to the Romani people; in 1977, Brynner was named honorary president of the International Romani Union, an office that he kept until his death. Boris Briner's work required extensive travel, and in 1923, he fell in love with an actress, Katya Kornukova, at",
"psg_id": "737089"
},
{
"title": "Yul Edochie",
"text": "Yul Edochie Yul Edochie (born Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after popular Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of 6 children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended the University of Port Harcourt, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in Dramatic Arts. Yul attended Lillians' Day Nursery School and Robinson Street Primary School, Enugu between 1984 and 1992. His secondary education started from 1992 to 1998.",
"psg_id": "19030702"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "Brynner backstage that he was the only person for the role. He rounded out his year with \"Anastasia\" (1956) co-starring with Ingrid Bergman under the direction of Anatole Litvak. Both films were big hits and Brynner became one of the most in-demand stars in Hollywood. MGM cast him as one of \"The Brothers Karamazov\" (1957), which was another commercial success. Less so was \"The Buccaneer\" (1958) in which Brynner played Jean Lafitte; he co-starred with Heston and the film was produced by De Mille but directed by Anthony Quinn. MGM used Brynner again in \"The Journey\" (1959), opposite Kerr under",
"psg_id": "737097"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "in the role of the King for another long tour and Broadway run, together with his affairs with female fans and his neglect of his wife and children, reportedly broke up this marriage. On April 4, 1983, aged 62, Brynner married his fourth and final wife, Kathy Lee (born 1957), a 26-year-old ballerina from Ipoh, Malaysia, whom he had met in a production of \"The King and I\". They remained married for the last two years of his life. Brynner, a Swiss citizen, was naturalized as a U.S. citizen after applying in 1943, at the age of 22, while living",
"psg_id": "737108"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "the direction of Litvak, but the film lost money. So too did \"The Sound and the Fury\" (1959) based on the novel by William Faulkner with Joanne Woodward. However Brynner then received an offer to replace Tyrone Power who had died during the making of \"Solomon and Sheba\" (1959) with Gina Lollobrigida. The movie was a huge hit. It did mean though that a proposed Brynner film about Spartacus had to be postponed. When the Kirk Douglas film \"Spartacus\" (1960) came out, Brynner elected not to make his own version. Brynner tried comedy with two films directed by Stanley Donen:",
"psg_id": "737098"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "(1969). Brynner appeared in drag (as a torch singer) in an unbilled role in the Peter Sellers comedy \"The Magic Christian\" (1969). Brynner went to Italy to make a Spaghetti Western, \"Adiós, Sabata\" (1970) and supported Kirk Douglas in \"The Light at the Edge of the World\" (1971). He remained in lead roles for \"Romance of a Horsethief\" (1971) and a Western \"Catlow\" (1971). Brynner had a small role in \"Fuzz\" (1972) then reprised his most famous part in the TV series \"Anna and the King\" (1972) which ran for 12 episodes. After \"Night Flight from Moscow\" (1973) in Europe,",
"psg_id": "737102"
},
{
"title": "Yul Edochie",
"text": "on the 22nd of August 2017, when he picked up the nomination form of the political party \"Democratic Peoples Congress\"and was eventually the flag bearer and gubernatorial candidate of the party to run for governor of Anambra State. 28.^ Yul Edochie Yul Edochie (born Yul Chibuike Daniel Edochie 7 January 1982) is a Nigerian actor, named after popular Russian actor Yul Brynner. He is from Anambra state Nigeria, the son of Nigerian actor Pete Edochie. He was raised both in Lagos and Enugu. He is the last of 6 children. He got married at the age of 22. He attended",
"psg_id": "19030705"
},
{
"title": "Turks in the former Soviet Union",
"text": "Turks in the former Soviet Union Turks in the former Soviet Union were a relatively small minority within the Soviet Union. However, their presence is considered important within Turkology due to the deportation of thousands of Turks from their home countries. Under the Ottoman Empire, Samtskhe-Javakheti was heavily Islamised producing a Turkish ethnicity within the southwestern region of Georgia. In November 1944, up to 120,000 of these Turks were deported to Central Asia under the rule of Joseph Stalin. Turks in the former Soviet Union have a long history beginning in the Ottoman Empire when the Turks began to migrate",
"psg_id": "13979792"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "King Mongkut is so deep that he was mentioned in the song \"One Night in Bangkok\", from the 1984 musical \"Chess\", the second act of which is set in Bangkok. In 1951, Brynner shaved his head for his role in \"The King and I\". Following the huge success of the Broadway production and subsequent film, Brynner continued to shave his head for the rest of his life, though he wore a wig for certain roles. Brynner's shaven head was unusual at the time, and his striking appearance helped to give him an exotic appeal. Some fans shaved off their hair",
"psg_id": "737095"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "\"Once More, with Feeling!\" (1960) and \"Surprise Package\" (1960) but public response was underwhelming. He made a cameo in \"Testament of Orpheus\" (1960). Although the public received him well in \"The Magnificent Seven\" (1960) a Western remake of \"Seven Samurai\" for The Mirisch Company, the picture proved a disappointment upon its initial release in the U.S. However, it was hugely popular in Europe and has had enduring popularity. Its ultimate success led to Brynner signing a three-picture deal with the Mirisches. He made a cameo in \"Goodbye Again\" (1961). Brynner focused on action films. He did \"Escape from Zahrain\" (1962)",
"psg_id": "737099"
},
{
"title": "The Journey (1959 film)",
"text": "Howard. According to MGM records the film earned $1,300,000 in the US and Canada and $2,150,000 elsewhere resulting in a loss of $905,000. The Journey (1959 film) The Journey is a 1959 American drama film directed by Anatole Litvak. A group of Westerners tries to flee Hungary after the Soviet Union moves to crush the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. It stars Deborah Kerr, Yul Brynner, Jason Robards and Robert Morley. Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner were paired again since they starred in \"The King and I\" in 1956, where he had an Oscar-winning performance. \"The Journey\" was shot in Metrocolor.",
"psg_id": "13966317"
},
{
"title": "The Journey (1959 film)",
"text": "The Journey (1959 film) The Journey is a 1959 American drama film directed by Anatole Litvak. A group of Westerners tries to flee Hungary after the Soviet Union moves to crush the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. It stars Deborah Kerr, Yul Brynner, Jason Robards and Robert Morley. Deborah Kerr and Yul Brynner were paired again since they starred in \"The King and I\" in 1956, where he had an Oscar-winning performance. \"The Journey\" was shot in Metrocolor. In 1956 a group of passengers stranded during the Hungarian uprising at Budapest airport are taken in a bus towards the frontier with",
"psg_id": "13966310"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "early life for the press, claiming that he was born \"Taidje Khan\" of part-Mongol parentage, on the Russian island of Sakhalin. In reality of Swiss-German, Russian, and partial Buryat ancestry, he was born at home in a four-story residence at 15 Aleutskaya Street, Vladivostok. He had an elder sister, Vera. He occasionally referred to himself as Julius Briner, Jules Bryner or Youl Bryner. The 1989 biography by his son, Rock Brynner, clarified some of these issues. His father, Boris Yuliyevich Briner, was a mining engineer and inventor, of Swiss-German and Russian descent. The actor's grandfather, Jules Briner, was a Swiss",
"psg_id": "737088"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "and \"The Poppy Is Also a Flower\" (1966). Brynner enjoyed his first hit in a number of years with \"Return of the Seven\" (1966), reprising his role from the original. Less popular was \"Triple Cross\" (1966), a war movie with Christopher Plummer; \"The Double Man\" (1967), a spy thriller; \"The Long Duel\" (1967), an Imperial adventure tale opposite Trevor Howard; \"Villa Rides\" (1968), a Western; and \"The File of the Golden Goose\" (1969). Brynner went to Yugoslavia to appear in a war film, \"Battle of Neretva\" (1969). He supported Katharine Hepburn in the big budget flop \"The Madwoman of Chaillot\"",
"psg_id": "737101"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "smoking and expressing his desire to make an anti-smoking commercial. The Broadway production of \"The King and I\" ran from January 7 to June 30 of that year, with Mary Beth Peil as Anna. His last performance marked the 4,625th time he had played the role of the King. Meanwhile, Brynner and the American Cancer Society created a public service announcement using a clip from the \"Good Morning America\" interview. Brynner died of lung cancer on October 10, 1985, in New York City at age 65. A few days after his death, the recorded anti-cigarette public service announcement was shown",
"psg_id": "737111"
},
{
"title": "Turks in the former Soviet Union",
"text": "discrimination. Although the last Soviet census recorded a figure of 207,512 Turks, this may have not counted all ethnic Turks, because for many years, Turks were denied the right to register their ethnicity in legal documents. For example, in Kazakhstan only a third of them were recorded as Turks on their passports. The rest had been arbitrarily declared members of other ethnic groups. Turks in the former Soviet Union Turks in the former Soviet Union were a relatively small minority within the Soviet Union. However, their presence is considered important within Turkology due to the deportation of thousands of Turks",
"psg_id": "13979797"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "was diagnosed with leukemia, and they briefly moved back to Harbin. In 1940, speaking little English, he and his mother emigrated to the United States aboard the , arriving in New York City on October 25, 1940, where his sister already lived. Vera, a singer, starred in \"The Consul\" on Broadway in 1950 and appeared on television in the title role of \"Carmen\". She later taught voice in New York. During World War II, Brynner worked as a French-speaking radio announcer and commentator for the US Office of War Information, broadcasting to occupied France. At the same time, he studied",
"psg_id": "737091"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "the Moscow Art Theatre, and soon after abandoned his family. Yul's mother took his elder sister, Vera (January 17, 1916 – December 13, 1967), and him to Harbin, China, where they attended a school run by the YMCA. In 1932, fearing a war between China and Japan, she took them to Paris. Brynner played his guitar in Russian nightclubs in Paris, sometimes accompanying his sister, playing Russian and Roma songs. He trained as a trapeze acrobat and worked in a French circus troupe for five years, but after sustaining a back injury, he turned to acting. In 1938, his mother",
"psg_id": "737090"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "acting in Connecticut with the Russian teacher Michael Chekhov. Brynner's first Broadway performance was a small part in Shakespeare's \"Twelfth Night\" in December 1941. Brynner found little acting work during the next few years, but among other acting stints, he co-starred in a 1946 production of \"Lute Song\" with Mary Martin. He also did some modelling work and was photographed nude by George Platt Lynes. Brynner's first marriage was to actress Virginia Gilmore in 1944, and soon after he began working as a director at the new CBS television studios, directing \"Studio One\", among other shows. He made his film",
"psg_id": "737092"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "in New York as an actor and radio announcer. However, in June 1965, he renounced his US citizenship at the U.S. Embassy in Berne, Switzerland, for tax reasons. He had lost his tax exemption as an American resident abroad by working too long in the United States and would have been bankrupted by his tax and penalty debts. Brynner began smoking heavily at age 12, and although his promotional photos often showed him with a cigarette in hand, he quit the habit in 1971. In September 1983, he found a lump on his vocal cords. In Los Angeles, only hours",
"psg_id": "737109"
},
{
"title": "Yul Brynner",
"text": "and later touring productions, as well as a 1977 Broadway revival, a London production in 1979, and another Broadway revival in 1985. He won Tony Awards for both the first and the last of these Broadway productions. He reprised the role in the 1956 film version, for which he won an Academy Award as Best Actor and in \"Anna and the King\", a short-lived TV version on CBS in 1972. Brynner is one of only ten people who have won both a Tony and an Academy Award for the same role. His connection to the story and the role of",
"psg_id": "737094"
},
{
"title": "Turks in the former Soviet Union",
"text": "the Soviet Union. Some of the Turks relocated in and around Nagorno-Karabakh. However, when the Armenians took control of the area, they were once again forced to flee. Although some have returned to Georgia, a problem however has constantly been that Georgians and Armenians who resettled into the homes of the Turks have vowed to take up arms against any return movements. Moreover, many Georgians have advocated that the Meskhetian Turks should be sent to Turkey, 'where they belong'. Within the Soviet Union, ethnic cleansing of Turks during World War II took the form of mass deportations carried out by",
"psg_id": "13979794"
},
{
"title": "Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992",
"text": "Title XIV — Demilitarization of the Former Soviet Union was passed by the 102nd U.S. Congressional session and enacted by George H.W. Bush on October 23, 1992. The Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act was authored as five subtitles providing authority, facilitation logistics, and U.S. federal funding for allocations of the Act. Title XIV is cited as the Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992, §§ 5901-5931, is a United States Federal law created to coordinate disarmament efforts with the former Soviet Union. The Act, better known",
"psg_id": "18197941"
},
{
"title": "Trolleybuses in former Soviet Union countries",
"text": "Trolleybuses in former Soviet Union countries The first trolleybus vehicle in Russia was built in Saint Petersburg in 1902 at Frese machine-building factory. It utilised a carriage-type current collector like the early von Siemens prototypes. There was no attempt to organize passenger or cargo services at this time. The first operational trolleybus service was introduced in 1933 in Moscow. In Soviet cities with underground metropolitan railways, trolleybus systems were intended to replace tramcars. In reality such plans were partially performed in the 1950s rather than in the 1930s. The first Soviet-made passenger trolleybus LK-1 was named after Politburo member Lazar",
"psg_id": "13311234"
},
{
"title": "Yul Kwon",
"text": "Yul Kwon Yul Kwon (born February 14, 1975) is an American television host and former government official, lawyer, and management consultant based in California. He first gained national recognition as the winner of the reality TV show \"\" in 2006. He hosted the 2012 four-part TV series \"America Revealed\" on PBS as well as \"LinkAsia\" on Link TV. Kwon was born in Flushing in the Queens borough of New York City, to South Korean immigrants. He moved to Concord, California and attended Northgate High School, in Walnut Creek, where he graduated valedictorian and played varsity water polo and track and",
"psg_id": "9345710"
},
{
"title": "Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992",
"text": "Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992 Former Soviet Union Demilitarization Act of 1992, §§ 5901-5931, is a United States Federal law created to coordinate disarmament efforts with the former Soviet Union. The Act, better known as the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993, provided legislative authority for the United States Department of Defense supporting armament retooling, chemical demilitarization, and nonproliferation initiatives. The H.R. 5006 Act of Congress acknowledged the current geopolitical events of the early 1990s with respect to the collapse of communism, dissolution of the Soviet Union, events of the Berlin Wall, and the Gulf War.",
"psg_id": "18197940"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Bokov the former Soviet coach. The era also brought a new challenge in the form of rugby league. Although rugby league in England had traditionally played on its working class credentials, in the Soviet Union it had been seen as a bourgeois pursuit, due to its links with business through professionalism. When the Soviet Union collapsed, rugby league tried to buy out Russian rugby union. A notable defector was RC Lokomotiv, the former train workers club in Moscow. In the mid-1990s, Russia had 222 clubs, and 6,000 players spread out across the entire country; Georgia had 40 clubs; the Ukraine",
"psg_id": "13810924"
},
{
"title": "Lord Brynner",
"text": "and running the Big Bamboo club in Montego Bay, where he performed regularly. Kade Simon died in 1985. In 2012, to celebrate Trinidad and Tobago's 50 years of independence, a calypso competition was named in his honour — the 50th Anniversary of Independence Lord Brynner National Calypso Competition. Lord Brynner Kade Simon (c. 1937 – 1985), better known as Lord Brynner, was a Trinidadian calypsonian who won the Trinidad and Tobago Independence Calypso Contest in 1962. He also had a number of Ska hits in Jamaica during the mid-1960's. Kade Simon was born in Erin, Trinidad. Taking inspiration from the",
"psg_id": "17550795"
},
{
"title": "Turks in the former Soviet Union",
"text": "the Soviet secret police and the Red Army. The reason for the deportation was because the Soviet Union was preparing to launch a pressure campaign against Turkey. In June 1945 Vyacheslav Molotov, then Minister of Foreign Affairs, formally presented a demand to the Turkish Ambassador in Moscow for the surrender of three Anatolian provinces (Kars, Ardahan and Artvin). Moscow was also preparing to support Armenian claims to several other Anatolian provinces. Thus, war against Turkey seemed possible, and Joseph Stalin wanted to clear the strategic Turkish population (especially those situated in Meskheti) located near the Turkish-Georgian border which were likely",
"psg_id": "13979795"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union",
"text": "had 20 clubs and 750 players; Latvia had only 8 clubs; and Lithuania had 14 clubs; The Soviet legacy in sport has been a mixed one: A number of rugby clubs in the former USSR, bearing the name Dinamo/Dynamo, thus have their roots in the Soviet security forces. Although such tournaments as the Soviet Cup and the Soviet Championship existed, rugby never reached its full potential in the Soviet Union. Of the two Rugby codes, Rugby union was the more popular; Rugby league only attracting fans and athletes after the collapse of Communism. Victor and Jennifer Louis wrote in 1980",
"psg_id": "13810925"
},
{
"title": "Virginia Gilmore",
"text": "Choice\" (1960). Starting in the late 1940s, Gilmore had many television roles. In 1949, she and her husband, Yul Brynner, were featured on \"We’re On\", an NBC television series. Between 1966 and 1968, she taught drama at Yale University. In her later years, Gilmore was a leader in Alcoholics Anonymous. In 1944, she married Yul Brynner. The couple had one son, Yul \"Rock\" Brynner (born on December 23, 1946), before divorcing in 1960. On March 28, 1986, Gilmore died from emphysema at her home in Santa Barbara, California, aged 66. Virginia Gilmore Virginia Gilmore (born Sherman Virginia Poole, July 26,",
"psg_id": "8048923"
},
{
"title": "Football in the Soviet Union",
"text": "clubs. In 1990, Dinamo Tbilisi and Žalgiris Vilnius left the competitions of the Soviet Union. Other clubs had similar intentions but these plans were not implemented before the actual collapse of the Soviet Union. In 1991, the history of the football championships of the Soviet Union ended with the victory of FC CSKA Moscow. The Commonwealth of Independent States Cup, traditionally attended by the winners of national championships from the former Soviet republics, was a reminder of the existence of the USSR Championships. For the correspondent article on each one of the republics, please see: Others: Football in the Soviet",
"psg_id": "16596440"
},
{
"title": "Trolleybuses in former Soviet Union countries",
"text": "other cities the development of trolleybus passenger services continues. Two new systems were introduced in Moscow suburbs Khimki and Vidnoe in the second half of the 1990s. ZiU, now named Trolza, has lost its monopoly in producing trolley vehicles. Today a number of domestic factories offer trolleybuses for the Russian market. Trolleybuses in former Soviet Union countries The first trolleybus vehicle in Russia was built in Saint Petersburg in 1902 at Frese machine-building factory. It utilised a carriage-type current collector like the early von Siemens prototypes. There was no attempt to organize passenger or cargo services at this time. The",
"psg_id": "13311239"
},
{
"title": "Yul Kwon",
"text": "was televised and aired on the TV Guide Channel. Kwon and his wife have two children. Yul Kwon Yul Kwon (born February 14, 1975) is an American television host and former government official, lawyer, and management consultant based in California. He first gained national recognition as the winner of the reality TV show \"\" in 2006. He hosted the 2012 four-part TV series \"America Revealed\" on PBS as well as \"LinkAsia\" on Link TV. Kwon was born in Flushing in the Queens borough of New York City, to South Korean immigrants. He moved to Concord, California and attended Northgate High",
"psg_id": "9345727"
},
{
"title": "Anna Levanova",
"text": "Anna Levanova Anna Nikolayevna Levanova (; born 19 December 1988) is a Russian television and film actress, known for \"McMafia\" and \"Two Women\". In 2014, she won the Yul Brynner Award of the Pacific Meridian International Film Festival of Asia Pacific Countries for her role in \"Two Women\". Anna Levanova (\"née\" Bulatova) was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia). There were no professional actors or musicians in her family, yet home concerts and performances have always been a family tradition. According to Anna, she made her debut on the stage in a kindergarten - in the role",
"psg_id": "20566775"
},
{
"title": "Telephone numbers in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Telephone numbers in the Soviet Union The telephone numbering plan of the USSR was a set of telephone area codes, numbers and dialing rules, which operated in the Soviet Union until the 1990s. After the collapse of the USSR, many newly independent republics implemented their own numbering plans. However, many of the principles of the Soviet numbering plan still remain. The former Soviet international code +7 is still retained by Russia and Kazakhstan. The Soviet Union used a four-level open numbering plan. The long distance prefix was 8. Emergency numbers in the USSR began with 0 and had two digits.",
"psg_id": "17228027"
},
{
"title": "Historiography in the Soviet Union",
"text": "the Ministry of Education and Science, many promoting opposite views. In 2009 president Dmitri Medvedev created the Historical Truth Commission, against the perceived anti-Soviet and anti-Russian slander. Officially, the Commission's mission is to \"defend Russia against falsifiers of history and those who would deny Soviet contribution to the victory in World War II\". Also, United Russia has proposed a draft law, that would mandate jail terms of three to five years \"for anyone in the former Soviet Union convicted of rehabilitating Nazism\". Historiography in the Soviet Union Soviet historiography is the methodology of history studies by historians in the Soviet",
"psg_id": "10905919"
},
{
"title": "Forced settlements in the Soviet Union",
"text": "repressed. Of these a third (7,166,666) were shot, the rest sentenced to imprisonment, where many also died.\" Forced settlements in the Soviet Union Forced settlements in the Soviet Union took several forms. Though the most notorious was the Gulag labor camp system of penal labor, resettling of entire categories of population was another method of political repression implemented by the Soviet Union. At the same time, involuntary settlement played a role in the colonization of remote areas of the Soviet Union. This role was specifically mentioned in the first Soviet decrees about involuntary labor camps. Population transfer in the Soviet",
"psg_id": "4744929"
},
{
"title": "Trolleybuses in former Soviet Union countries",
"text": "Kaganovich. It was a dangerous and unreliable vehicle, quickly replaced by more advanced YaTB vehicles. These cars, both passenger and cargo, were the mainstay of the Soviet trolley fleet before the World War II. At this time new trolleybus systems were opened in Leningrad, Kiev, and a few other major Soviet cities. During World War II, new trolleybus systems were opened in the Soviet Union. The need for mass transit in cities away from the front was urgent, but construction of tram lines was too expensive and time-consuming. Buses were largely mobilised to the Red Army as staff and medical",
"psg_id": "13311235"
},
{
"title": "Railway electrification in the Soviet Union",
"text": "a third standard electrification system in the USSR. Site with 34 articles on 34 Soviet electric locomotives Westwood J.N. \"Transport\" chapter in book \"The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913-1945\" ed. by Davies, R.W. et al., Cambridge University Press, 1994. Railway electrification in the Soviet Union While the former Soviet Union got a late (and slow) start with rail electrification in the 1930s it eventually became the world leader in electrification in terms of the volume of traffic under the wires. During its last 30 years the Soviet Union hauled about as much rail freight as all the other",
"psg_id": "16562006"
},
{
"title": "Vladivostok",
"text": "granite statue of the actor Yul Brynner (1920–1985) was inaugurated in Yul Brynner Park, directly in front of the house where he was born at 15 Aleutskaya St. The Arsenyev Primorye Museum (), opened in 1890, is the main museum of the Primorsky Krai. Besides the main facility, it has three branches in Vladivostok itself (including Arsenyev's Memorial House), and five branches elsewhere in the state. Among the items in the museum's collection are the famous 15th-century Yongning Temple Steles from the lower Amur. The city is home to the Vladivostok Pops Orchestra. Russian rock band Mumiy Troll hails from",
"psg_id": "12978941"
},
{
"title": "Yul Moldauer",
"text": "Yul Moldauer Yul Moldauer (born August 26, 1996) is an American artistic gymnast. He is the 2017 U.S. National all-around champion, and has won a bronze in the floor exercise in the 2017 World Championships. Moldauer was born in Seoul, South Korea and was adopted by Peter and Orsa Moldauer before he was one year old. He has three siblings, Leah, Sorcha and Sundo. He grew up on a farm in Colorado, and attended Golden High School. He is currently a student at the University of Oklahoma where he majors in finance. He joined a local gym in free tryout",
"psg_id": "20306842"
},
{
"title": "Railway electrification in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Railway electrification in the Soviet Union While the former Soviet Union got a late (and slow) start with rail electrification in the 1930s it eventually became the world leader in electrification in terms of the volume of traffic under the wires. During its last 30 years the Soviet Union hauled about as much rail freight as all the other countries in the world combined and in the end, over 60% of this was by electric locomotives. Electrification was cost effective due to the very high density of traffic and was at times projected to yield at least a 10% return",
"psg_id": "16561970"
},
{
"title": "Flag of the Soviet Union",
"text": "time the flag ceased to be a national flag. Today, the Soviet flag is used by the opposition, mainly left-wing rallies and demonstrations in the former Soviet space. The flags often used are those of the union republics (in particular those where the demonstrations are held). The Soviet Union was the world's first constitutionally socialist state, making it the inspiration of future socialist states. This led to the inspirations for the flags of the Republic of Angola, the People's Republic of China, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The flags of the Soviet republics",
"psg_id": "1066549"
},
{
"title": "Poles in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Polish-Soviet War, which left significant territories populated by Poles within the Soviet Union. According to the 1926 Soviet census, there were a total of 782,334 Poles in the USSR. The largest concentration of Poles was in West Ukraine, where according to the Soviet census in 1926 476,435 Poles lived. Those estimates are considered to have been lowered by Soviet officials. Church and independent estimates show estimates of 650,000 to 700,000 Poles living in that area. This suggests that the total Polish population of the USSR was in excess of 1,000,000. Initially the Soviets pursued a policy where the local national",
"psg_id": "2270990"
},
{
"title": "Human rights in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Similar initiatives began in Soviet satellite states, such as Charter 77 in the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Human rights in the Soviet Union Human rights in the Soviet Union were severely limited and the entire population was mobilized in support of the state ideology and policies. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a one-party authoritarian state prior to 1985 where members of the Communist Party held all key positions in the institutions of the state and other organizations. Freedom of speech was suppressed and dissidents punished. Independent political activities were not tolerated, including the involvement of people with free",
"psg_id": "888243"
},
{
"title": "Forced labor in the Soviet Union",
"text": "given in grain, and this only meagerly. Many peasants relied on their own private plots and livestock, although these were sometimes taken away by Soviet officials. With the end of the Soviet Union in 1991, the former member states began allowing privatization to various degrees, with some countries disbanding them altogether, and some simply re-branding them as different sorts of corporate farms. Forced labor was instrumental for the Soviet Union, and during the time of industrialization it was a deemed necessary tool by the Bolsheviks, in order to rid the country of internal enemies, while at the same time using",
"psg_id": "11612447"
},
{
"title": "Yul Anderson",
"text": "Yul Anderson Yul Anderson (born April 23) is an American Pianist, Guitarist, Singer and Inventor who plays a blend of Gospel, Blues and Soul as well as European Classical of the 18th and 19th century. Yul Anderson grew up in Vallejo, California. His mother was a social worker; his father, with the artist name John Kasandra, who has been dubbed \"the father of urban blues\" had hits back in the Sixties with his records for Stax Records and later Capitol Records. Yul Anderson taught himself to play the guitar when he was 8 years old, at age of 12 he",
"psg_id": "18818883"
},
{
"title": "Suppressed research in the Soviet Union",
"text": "1950s, the discipline virtually ceased to exist in the Soviet Union. Even in the era where it was allowed to be practiced, and not replaced by Marxist philosophy, it was always dominated by Marxist thought; hence sociology in the Soviet Union and the entire Eastern Bloc represented, to a significant extent, only one branch of sociology: Marxist sociology. With the death of Joseph Stalin and the 20th Party Congress in 1956, restrictions on sociological research were somewhat eased, and finally, after the 23rd Party Congress in 1966, sociology in Soviet Union was once again officially recognized as an acceptable branch",
"psg_id": "3977297"
},
{
"title": "Television in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Television in the Soviet Union Television in the Soviet Union was owned, controlled and censored by the state. The body governing television in the era of the Soviet Union was the Gosteleradio committee, which was responsible for both the Soviet Central Television and the All-Union Radio. Soviet television production was classified into central (Soviet Central Television), republican, and regional broadcasting. In 1938, television broadcasting began in Moscow and Saint Petersburg under the auspices of the All-Union Committee for Radiofication and Radio Broadcasting at the USSR Sovnarkom (Всесоюзный комитет по радиофикации и радиовещанию при СНК СССР). On 1 October 1934, Russia's",
"psg_id": "3123727"
},
{
"title": "Human rights in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Human rights in the Soviet Union Human rights in the Soviet Union were severely limited and the entire population was mobilized in support of the state ideology and policies. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a one-party authoritarian state prior to 1985 where members of the Communist Party held all key positions in the institutions of the state and other organizations. Freedom of speech was suppressed and dissidents punished. Independent political activities were not tolerated, including the involvement of people with free labour unions, private corporations, independent churches or opposition political parties. The state's proclaimed adherence to Marxism-Leninism",
"psg_id": "888223"
},
{
"title": "Historiography in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Historiography in the Soviet Union Soviet historiography is the methodology of history studies by historians in the Soviet Union (USSR). In the USSR, the study of history was marked by restrictions imposed by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). Soviet historiography is itself the subject of modern studies. George M. Enteen identifies two approaches to the study of Soviet historiography. A totalitarian approach associated with the Western analysis of the Soviet Union as a totalitarian society, controlled by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, this school \"thought that signs of dissent merely represented",
"psg_id": "10905888"
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Elections in the Soviet Union The electoral system of the Soviet Union was based upon Chapter XI of the Constitution of the Soviet Union and by the Electoral Laws enacted in conformity with it. The Constitution and laws applied to elections in all Soviets, from the Supreme Soviets of the USSR, the Union republics and autonomous republics, through to regions, districts and towns. Voting was secret and direct with universal suffrage. A 1945 decree allowed for members of the Red Army stationed outside the Soviet Union to vote for both chambers of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (the Soviet",
"psg_id": "13261360"
},
{
"title": "Railway system of the Soviet Union",
"text": "the Ministry of Railways in the Soviet Union. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Soviet Railways were split into fifteen different national railways belonging to the respective countries. However, after the end of Soviet Railways, rail transport in the former Soviet states greatly declined and have not recovered to their former efficiency to this day. Russian Railways is considered as the primary successor of Soviet Railways. Other successors inherited the Soviet infrastructure in Central Asia. Railway system of the Soviet Union The Soviet Railways (Russian: Cоветские железные дороги (CЖД)) was the state owned national railway system of the",
"psg_id": "14315992"
},
{
"title": "1991 in the Soviet Union",
"text": "1991 in the Soviet Union The following lists events that happened during 1991 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet Union had a transitional government in 1991, during the fall of communism. Every republic in the union had growing nationalism until Christmas of 1991 when Mikhail Gorbachev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and President of the Soviet Union, abandoned the Union at the time of its dissolution. The dissolution created huge changes in politics and territorial claims. NATO scaled back its presence following the dissolution. January Events (Lithuania) Soviet Union referendum, 1991",
"psg_id": "15945955"
},
{
"title": "Censorship of images in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Censorship of images in the Soviet Union Censorship of images was widespread in the Soviet Union. Visual censorship was exploited in a political context, particularly during the political purges of Joseph Stalin, where the Soviet government attempted to erase some purged figures from Soviet history, and took measures which included altering images and destroying film. The USSR curtailed access to pornography, which was specifically prohibited by Soviet law. Soviet law prohibited the creation and distribution of pornography under Article 228 of the criminal code of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and analogous legislation adopted by other republics of the",
"psg_id": "11022924"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union",
"text": "with pitches, especially with the placement of goalposts. Other regions such as Soviet Central Asia often had desert climates, leading to temperature extremes, and water shortages for the pitch. Like almost everything else in the USSR, rugby was ultimately answerable to the Soviet government, albeit through a number of different channels. Officially, the Rugby Federation of the USSR (RFUSSR; sometimes translated as the \"Rugby Union of the Soviet Union\") was the top governing body of Soviet rugby and centrally controlled. However, as a Soviet organisation, it was in fact part of a complex web of administrations, bureaucracies and so on,",
"psg_id": "13810893"
},
{
"title": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union",
"text": "Dissolution of the Soviet Union The dissolution of the Soviet Union occurred on 26 December 1991, officially granting self-governing independence to the Republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). It was a result of the declaration number 142-Н of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. The declaration acknowledged the independence of the former Soviet republics and created the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), although five of the signatories ratified it much later or did not do so at all. On the previous day, 25 December, Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, the eighth and final leader of the USSR,",
"psg_id": "17538702"
},
{
"title": "Trade unions in the Soviet Union",
"text": "unions organized by occupational branch. Including about 732,000 locals and 135 million members in 1984, unions encompassed almost all Soviet employees with the exception of some 4 to 5 million kolkhozniks. Enterprises employing twenty-five or more people had locals, and membership was compulsory. Dues were about 1% of a person's salary. The All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions served as an umbrella organization for the thirty branch unions and was by far the largest public organization in the Soviet Union. Union membership influenced union operations only at the local level, where an average of 60% of a union's central committee",
"psg_id": "17095045"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union",
"text": "that: Chris Thau identified two major problems hindering the spread rugby in the late Soviet Union: However, by 1989 Rugby was well-established across the Eastern bloc. Since the dissolution of the USSR, Rugby has become particularly popular in Georgia, where it is the de facto national sport. After the Second World War, there was competition with the west and not just in sport. From the late 1950s-early 1970s, there was a reduction in Soviet people's work time, which caused an increase in their leisure time. Sport was seen as: With this in mind, participation in sport was strongly encouraged from",
"psg_id": "13810926"
},
{
"title": "Censorship of images in the Soviet Union",
"text": "While many photographers took pictures of flags on the roof it was Khaldei's image that stuck. Censorship of images in the Soviet Union Censorship of images was widespread in the Soviet Union. Visual censorship was exploited in a political context, particularly during the political purges of Joseph Stalin, where the Soviet government attempted to erase some purged figures from Soviet history, and took measures which included altering images and destroying film. The USSR curtailed access to pornography, which was specifically prohibited by Soviet law. Soviet law prohibited the creation and distribution of pornography under Article 228 of the criminal code",
"psg_id": "11022940"
},
{
"title": "Television in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Elektronic\" (1979, 3 episodes) about a humanoid robot meeting and befriending his prototype—a 6-th grade schoolboy; \"Guest from the Future\" (1985, 5 episodes) about a boy and a girl travelling in time and fighting intergalactic criminals. In each of these, CTV-USSR co-produced them with the Gorky Film Studio. Television in the Soviet Union Television in the Soviet Union was owned, controlled and censored by the state. The body governing television in the era of the Soviet Union was the Gosteleradio committee, which was responsible for both the Soviet Central Television and the All-Union Radio. Soviet television production was classified into",
"psg_id": "3123743"
},
{
"title": "Religion in the Soviet Union",
"text": "in the Soviet Union lived in the Lithuanian, Belarusian, and Latvian republics, with a sprinkling in the Moldavian, Ukrainian, and Russian republics. Since World War II, the most active Roman Catholic Church in the Soviet Union was in the Lithuanian Republic, where the majority of people are Catholics. The Roman Catholic Church there has been viewed as an institution that both fosters and defends Lithuanian national interests and values. Since 1972 a Catholic underground publication, \"The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in Lithuania\", supported not only Lithuanians' religious rights but also their national rights. Western Ukraine, which included largely the",
"psg_id": "4395483"
},
{
"title": "Yul Arzú",
"text": "Yul Arzú Yul Narcizo Arzú Casildo (born 21 October 1986 in San Pedro Sula, Honduras) is a Honduran footballer who play as goalkeeper for Liga Nacional de Fútbol de Honduras club Vida. Arzú started his career at Real España and also played for Deportes Savio and Vida before joining Second Division Choloma in summer 2010. On the mid of 2010, Arzú moved to Atlético Choloma and made his debut in the Liga Nacional de Ascenso de Honduras 2010 Apertura, where he did a great performance as a goalkeeper. On 5 June 2011, Atlético Choloma beat Real Sociedad in penalty shoot-out,",
"psg_id": "15905888"
},
{
"title": "Rail transport in the Soviet Union",
"text": "the pre-war Soviet design so it was used as a prototype for a new TEx (x=1,2,3,5) series of Soviet locomotives. The dimensions were converted to metric and sometimes modified, the Soviet system of air brakes were used, and the engine speeds at certain controller positions were changed. The TE2 had double the power of the TE1 and was produced until in 1955 it was superseded by the TE3. The TE5 was just a variation of the TE1 and of minor significance. While the former Soviet Union got a late (and slow) start with rail electrification in the 1930s it eventually",
"psg_id": "12339131"
},
{
"title": "Broadcasting in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Broadcasting in the Soviet Union Broadcasting in the Soviet Union was owned by the Soviet state, and was under its tight control and Soviet censorship. Through the development of satellites and SECAM, controlled broadcasting was initialized as the main frequency for distributing information and entertainment. Under the control of the Soviet Union, censorship and limitation on information was filtered for the citizens to ensure the common culture and socialist ideals were maintained. The USSR State Committee for Television and Radio Broadcasting (; abbreviated as Gosteleradio SSSR <nowiki>[</nowiki><nowiki>]</nowiki> or simply Gosteleradio <nowiki>[</nowiki><nowiki>]</nowiki>), Soviet Union's governing body of broadcasting, was in charge",
"psg_id": "6676317"
},
{
"title": "1991 in the Soviet Union",
"text": "George H.W. Bush and Mikhail Gorbachev sign START I treaty in Moscow 1991 in the Soviet Union The following lists events that happened during 1991 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet Union had a transitional government in 1991, during the fall of communism. Every republic in the union had growing nationalism until Christmas of 1991 when Mikhail Gorbachev, the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and President of the Soviet Union, abandoned the Union at the time of its dissolution. The dissolution created huge changes in politics and territorial claims. NATO scaled back",
"psg_id": "15945956"
},
{
"title": "Forced labor in the Soviet Union",
"text": "that labor to help achieve a stronger socialist union, and that idea was no different during wartime. Forced labor was a way for the Soviet Union to imprison anyone for any reason, including, but not limited to, Germans, Polish, Asians, Muslim Soviets, as well as Jewish Soviets, or anyone who looked Jewish. The Soviet gulags are seen by many as a system very similar to Nazi concentration camps, however the people in Soviet gulags were not separated by nationality. During World War II some of these labor camps were turned into camps where prisoners of war were kept, and forced",
"psg_id": "11612448"
},
{
"title": "Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992)",
"text": "Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992) The Communist Party of the Soviet Union (, \"Kommunisticheskaya Partiya Sovetskogo Soyuza\"; short: КПСС, \"KPSS\") is a political party led by Sergei Skvortsov operating in the countries of the former Soviet Union. The party was founded in 1992 at the so-called 29th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, which among other actions excluded former President Mikhail Gorbachev from the newly formed party. It claims to be the inheritors of the legacy of the original Soviet Communist Party and among its goals states the restoration of the Soviet Union. The party",
"psg_id": "6220428"
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Soviet Union",
"text": "of the Union and Soviet of Nationalities) in special 100,000-member districts. These were first enacted in the 1946 legislative elections and continued through the next decades as the Red Army continued its presence in the Eastern Bloc. Elections in the Soviet Union The electoral system of the Soviet Union was based upon Chapter XI of the Constitution of the Soviet Union and by the Electoral Laws enacted in conformity with it. The Constitution and laws applied to elections in all Soviets, from the Supreme Soviets of the USSR, the Union republics and autonomous republics, through to regions, districts and towns.",
"psg_id": "13261361"
},
{
"title": "Anti-Catholicism in the Soviet Union",
"text": "a decree prohibiting collaboration with communists. The Council for the Affairs of Religious Cults issued a response in the form of a published letter, which labeled the pope as a “warmonger.” Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the opening of certain archives, and the confessions of former Soviet operatives, one Soviet anti-Catholic propaganda operation came to light. “Operation Seat 12,” named for the fact that Pius XII was the 12th pope named Pius, was a Soviet plot following the death of the pontiff to frame the war-time pope as a Nazi sympathizer and a weak puppet. Among other things,",
"psg_id": "16909915"
},
{
"title": "Rail transport in the Soviet Union",
"text": "republic, the Russian Federation, which then hauled about 2/3 of the traffic of the former USSR, became an independent country. For the USSR in 1989, shortly before the collapse of Soviet Union, the railway hauled nearly eight times as much tonne-km of freight by rail as they did by lorry. In 1991 a law was passed which declared that railways were the basic transport system of the USSR. It is important to note that highways are more popular in the United States rather than railways. In contrast, the Soviet Union had little or even no highways. This plot compares the",
"psg_id": "12339104"
},
{
"title": "Yul Servo",
"text": "Yul Servo John Marvin C. Nieto, popularly known as Yul Servo, is a Filipino actor and politician. The second of eight children born in a Manila middle-class family, Nieto studied to become a policeman but was pushed into acting by an uncle. His stage name Yul Servo was chosen by director Maryo J. de los Reyes. Servo's films include \"Batang West Side\" (2001), \"Laman\" (2002), \"Naglalayag\" (2004), \"Torotot\" and \"Brutus\" (2008). After serving three terms as a city councilor in Manila, Servo was elected to the House of Representatives of the Philippines in 2016, representing Manila's 3rd District. He is",
"psg_id": "20097479"
},
{
"title": "Geography of the Soviet Union",
"text": "Geography of the Soviet Union The geography of the Soviet Union includes the geographic features of the countries of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet Union was the largest country in the world, covering approximately one but of the earth's land surface. It was two and a half times the size of the United States, and only slightly smaller in land area than the entire continent of North America. It covered most of the northern half of Asia and a large part of Eastern Europe, extending even into the Middle East. About one quarter of its territory",
"psg_id": "1966066"
},
{
"title": "Yul Servo",
"text": "currently a member of the ruling party, PDP-Laban. Yul Servo John Marvin C. Nieto, popularly known as Yul Servo, is a Filipino actor and politician. The second of eight children born in a Manila middle-class family, Nieto studied to become a policeman but was pushed into acting by an uncle. His stage name Yul Servo was chosen by director Maryo J. de los Reyes. Servo's films include \"Batang West Side\" (2001), \"Laman\" (2002), \"Naglalayag\" (2004), \"Torotot\" and \"Brutus\" (2008). After serving three terms as a city councilor in Manila, Servo was elected to the House of Representatives of the Philippines",
"psg_id": "20097480"
},
{
"title": "Geography of the Soviet Union",
"text": "oceanic systems of Arctic, Atlantic, and Pacific. Land Use: 11 percent of land arable; 16 percent meadows and pasture; 41 percent forest and woodland; and 32 percent other, including tundra. Natural Resources: Oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore, timber, gold, manganese, lead, zinc, nickel, mercury, potash, phosphates, and most strategic minerals. Above section:. Geography of the Soviet Union The geography of the Soviet Union includes the geographic features of the countries of the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The Soviet Union was the largest country in the world, covering approximately one but of the earth's land surface. It was",
"psg_id": "1966106"
},
{
"title": "Crime in the Soviet Union",
"text": "In 1989 the Soviet Union had few prisons. About 99% of convicted criminals served their sentences in labor camps, supervised by the Main Directorate for Corrective Labor Camps which was under the MVD.The camps had four regimes of ascending severity. In the strict-regime camps, inmates worked at the most difficult jobs, usually outdoors, and received meager rations. Jobs were less demanding and rations better in the camps with milder regimes. The system of corrective labor was regarded by Soviet authorities successful in that the rate of recidivism was quite low. Prisons and labor camps, in the views of former inmates",
"psg_id": "15773510"
},
{
"title": "Racism in the Soviet Union",
"text": "shared by Simon Sebag Montefiore, who calls the Polish operation of the NKVD 'a mini-genocide.' Polish writer and commentator, Dr Tomasz Sommer, also refers to the operation as a genocide, along with Prof. Marek Jan Chodakiewicz among others. After the Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939, the Soviet Union began to repress institutions of the former Polish government, although these repressions were not overtly racist the new Soviet government allowed for racial hatred. The Soviets exploited past ethnic tensions between Poles and other ethnic groups living in Poland; they incited and encouraged violence against Poles, suggesting the minorities could \"rectify",
"psg_id": "19350498"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union in the Soviet Union",
"text": "women's national rugby union team played for the first time, and enjoyed a brief existence. The Soviet Union did not take part in the qualification rounds for the 1991 Rugby World Cup - European qualification. The 1991 Rugby World Cup coincided with the final stages of the collapse of the Soviet Union. The RWC itself took place in October and November 1991, around two months after the unsuccessful coup d'état attempt against Gorbachev, which is often seen as being the end of the Soviet Union. In November 1991, Boris Yeltsin issued a decree banning the CPSU throughout the Russian republic.",
"psg_id": "13810921"
},
{
"title": "Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union Throughout the history of the Soviet Union (1922–1991), there were periods where Soviet authorities suppressed and persecuted various forms of Christianity to different extents depending on State interests. Soviet Marxist-Leninism policy consistently advocated the control, suppression, and ultimately, the elimination of religious beliefs, and actively encouraged atheism in the Soviet Union. However, most religions were never officially outlawed. The state advocated the destruction of religion, and it officially pronounced religious beliefs to be superstitious and backward. The Communist Party destroyed churches, synagogues, mosques and Buddhist temples, ridiculed, harassed, incarcerated and executed religious leaders,",
"psg_id": "10214629"
},
{
"title": "Tanks in the Soviet Union",
"text": "collapsed after the Soviets left. 50 T-54s and 50 T-55s were ordered in 1961 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1962 and 1964 (T-54s were previously in Soviet service). 200 T-54s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1979 (the vehicles were previously in Soviet service). 705 T-55s were ordered in 1978 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1978 and 1991 (the vehicles were previously in Soviet service). 50 Pt-76 light tanks were ordered in 1958 from the Soviet Union and delivered between 1959 and 1961. 1,000 T-54s, T-55s, T-62s and PT-76s",
"psg_id": "14829527"
},
{
"title": "Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939",
"text": "prison camps run by the NKVD. Of these, the Soviet authorities released 42,400 soldiers (mostly soldiers of Ukrainian and Belarusian ethnicity serving in the Polish army who lived in the former Polish territories now annexed by the Soviet Union) in October. The 43,000 soldiers born in West Poland, then under German control, were transferred to the Germans; in turn the Soviets received 13,575 Polish prisoners from the Germans. Poland and the Soviet Union never officially declared war on each other in 1939; the Soviets effectively broke off diplomatic relations when they withdrew recognition of the Polish government at the start",
"psg_id": "10022387"
},
{
"title": "Forced settlements in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Forced settlements in the Soviet Union Forced settlements in the Soviet Union took several forms. Though the most notorious was the Gulag labor camp system of penal labor, resettling of entire categories of population was another method of political repression implemented by the Soviet Union. At the same time, involuntary settlement played a role in the colonization of remote areas of the Soviet Union. This role was specifically mentioned in the first Soviet decrees about involuntary labor camps. Population transfer in the Soviet Union that led to the creation of these settlements was performed in a series of operations organized",
"psg_id": "4744910"
},
{
"title": "Crime in the Soviet Union",
"text": "Crime in the Soviet Union According to Western experts, robberies, homicide and other violent crimes in the Soviet Union were less prevalent than in the United States because the Soviet Union had a larger police force and had a low occurrence of drug abuse. Corruption in the form of bribery was common, primarily due to the paucity of goods and services on the open market. A basic premise of Marxism is that crime is a socio-economic phenomenon: Some Marxist theorists contended that the most immediate reasons for crime in the Soviet Union were mental retardation, poor upbringing, and capitalist influence.",
"psg_id": "15773509"
}
] | [
"sziberia",
"siberia, russia (federation)",
"sibir'",
"climate of siberia",
"sibir'",
"siberian",
"siberian steppe",
"сибирской",
"сибирь",
"east siberia",
"szibéria",
"eastern siberia",
"cnbnpb",
"geography of siberia",
"сиби́рь",
"siberia (russia)",
"siberia, russia",
"siberia",
"siberian steppe"
] |
when she died how old was karen carpenter? | [
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "critical success throughout the 1970s. Initially, Carpenter was the band's full-time drummer, but gradually took the role of frontwoman as drumming was reduced to a handful of live showcases or tracks on albums. While the Carpenters were on hiatus in the late 1970s, she recorded a solo album, which was never released during her lifetime. Carpenter had the eating disorder anorexia nervosa, which was little known at the time, and was briefly married in the early 1980s. She died at age 32 from heart failure caused by complications related to her illness; her death led to increased visibility and awareness",
"psg_id": "2525942"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "The Karen Carpenter Story The Karen Carpenter Story is an American made-for-television biographical film about singer Karen Carpenter and the brother-and-sister pop music duo of which she was a part, the Carpenters. The film aired on CBS on January 1, 1989. Directed by Joseph Sargent, it starred Cynthia Gibb as Karen Carpenter, and Mitchell Anderson as her brother, Richard Carpenter, who served as a producer for the film as well as of the musical score. The movie begins with the collapse of Karen Carpenter in the closet of her parents' home in Downey, California, on February 4, 1983. She is",
"psg_id": "10170417"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "Karen Carpenter Karen Anne Carpenter (March 2, 1950 – February 4, 1983) was an American singer and drummer who was part of the duo the Carpenters alongside her brother Richard. She was praised for her contralto vocals, and her drumming abilities were viewed positively by contemporary musicians and peers. Carpenter was born in New Haven, Connecticut, and moved to Downey, California, in 1963 with her family. She began to study the drums in high school, and joined the Long Beach State choir after graduating. After several years of touring and recording, the Carpenters were signed in 1969, achieving commercial and",
"psg_id": "2525941"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "to the point that she had only stocks and bonds left. Carpenter's friends also reported he was abusive towards her, often being impatient; they added that she remained fearful when he would occasionally lose his temper. Close friend Karen Kamon recounted one incident where she and Carpenter went to their normal hangout, Hamburger Hamlet, and Carpenter appeared to be distant emotionally, sitting not at their regular table but in the dark, and wearing large dark sunglasses, unable to eat and crying. According to Kamon, the marriage was \"the straw that broke the camel's back. It was absolutely the worst thing",
"psg_id": "2525963"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "released in 1989, when some of its tracks (as remixed by Richard) were included on the album \"Lovelines\", the final album of Carpenters' unreleased new material. In 1996, the complete album, titled \"Karen Carpenter\", was finally released. Carpenter had a complicated relationship with her parents. They had hoped that Richard's musical talents would be recognized and that he would enter the music business, but were not prepared for her success. She continued to live with them until 1974. In September and October 1971, two years after their debut album, she and her brother bought two apartment buildings in Downey as",
"psg_id": "2525959"
},
{
"title": "The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "but for somebody else to have done this without the family's blessing, well, it just wouldn't have been as well told.\" In 2004, he was much harsher about the project, calling it \"90 minutes of creative license that give biopics in general a dubious tone.\" He also stated at the time that he considered being involved in the film one of his biggest mistakes. The Karen Carpenter Story The Karen Carpenter Story is an American made-for-television biographical film about singer Karen Carpenter and the brother-and-sister pop music duo of which she was a part, the Carpenters. The film aired on",
"psg_id": "10170424"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "The movie helped reverse criticism of the Carpenters' music as being \"soft\" or \"nice\". Richard Carpenter helped in the productions of the documentaries \"\" (1997) and \"\" (2007). Randy Schmidt wrote a biography about Carpenter entitled \"Little Girl Blue\", published in 2010, which included a foreword from Warwick. It avoided previous biographies which had been officially endorsed by the family, and was based on interviews with other friends and associates. \"The New York Times\" said the book was \"one of the saddest tales in pop.\" Notes Citations Sources Karen Carpenter Karen Anne Carpenter (March 2, 1950 – February 4, 1983)",
"psg_id": "2525977"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter (album)",
"text": "is a Martha and the Vandellas cover. Karen Carpenter (album) Karen Carpenter is the only solo album by singer/drummer Karen Carpenter of the Carpenters, recorded in 1979-80 and released by A&M Records in 1996. It has sold around 1 million copies worldwide. The album was recorded in New York with producer Phil Ramone in 1979 and 1980, during the time that her brother Richard was being treated for an addiction to Quaaludes. Some of the songs from the album were later featured on the Carpenters' 1989 compilation \"Lovelines\" and later releases. In the liner notes, Karen dedicated the project to",
"psg_id": "10162852"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter (album)",
"text": "Karen Carpenter (album) Karen Carpenter is the only solo album by singer/drummer Karen Carpenter of the Carpenters, recorded in 1979-80 and released by A&M Records in 1996. It has sold around 1 million copies worldwide. The album was recorded in New York with producer Phil Ramone in 1979 and 1980, during the time that her brother Richard was being treated for an addiction to Quaaludes. Some of the songs from the album were later featured on the Carpenters' 1989 compilation \"Lovelines\" and later releases. In the liner notes, Karen dedicated the project to her brother \"To Richard, with all my",
"psg_id": "10162847"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "songs sound like she was staring directly into your eyes\", Carpenter's death brought media attention to conditions such as anorexia nervosa. Her family started the Karen A. Carpenter Memorial Foundation, which raised money for research on anorexia nervosa and eating disorders. Carpenter is known to fans as \"Lead Sister\". This originated from a mispronunciation of \"lead singer\" by a Japanese journalist in 1974, and she later wore a T-shirt with the nickname during live shows. The 43-minute film \"\" (1987) was directed by Todd Haynes, and featured Barbie dolls as the characters. It was withdrawn from circulation in 1990, after",
"psg_id": "2525975"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter (album)",
"text": "heart.\" The liner notes (including comments from Richard Carpenter and producer Phil Ramone) include Richard's explanation for shelving the album in 1981, and his later decision to release it as Karen approved it. Karen was backed by various New York and Los Angeles studio musicians, including Steve Gadd, Greg Phillinganes, Louis Johnson and members of Billy Joel's band. A&M executives in New York approved the material, but the executives in Los Angeles, including label owners Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss, responded negatively. Ramone recalls that Carpenter broke down in tears. Devastated, she accepted A&M's urging not to release the album.",
"psg_id": "10162848"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "to help Karen; in 1981, she told Richard there was a problem and she needed help with it. Carpenter also spoke with Cherry Boone, who had recovered from anorexia and contacted Boone's doctor for help. She was hoping to find a quick solution to her problem, as she had various performing and recording obligations, but the doctor told her treatment could take from one to three years. She then chose to be treated in New York City by psychotherapist Steven Levenkron. Anorexia had driven her to use thyroid replacement medication, increasing her metabolism, and laxatives, which caused food to pass",
"psg_id": "2525967"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "Her studio performances benefited from close miking that captured the nuances of her voice well. Though she had a three-octave range, many of the duo's hits prominently feature her contralto singing, leading her to quip, \"The money’s in the basement\". Carpenter always considered herself a \"drummer who sang\". She preferred Ludwig Drums, including the Ludwig SuperSensitive snare drum, which she favored greatly. Despite this, she did not drum on every Carpenters' track. She was the only drummer on \"Ticket to Ride\" and on \"Now & Then\" except for \"Jambalaya\". According to Hal Blaine, Karen played on most of the album",
"psg_id": "2525954"
},
{
"title": "Looking for Love (Karen Carpenter song)",
"text": "from a 45 copy that is owned by Richard Carpenter. Looking for Love (Karen Carpenter song) \"Looking for Love\" is a song released under Karen Carpenter's name. It is regarded to be the first release by what was to become The Carpenters. The music was written by Karen's brother, Richard Carpenter. It was recorded in 1966 and released on record label Magic Lamp, a small label with a limited budget. Even though Richard Carpenter does participate on the recording, it is printed \"Karen Carpenter\" on the recording contract and record label. The record has now become a collectors' item and",
"psg_id": "12653206"
},
{
"title": "The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "had been approved by the studio and Richard Carpenter, there were daily script \"rewrites or entire scenes were removed\" according to co-stars Cynthia Gibb and Mitchell Anderson, in an attempt to soften the image of Agnes Carpenter by her son in real life. The final movie, in Gibb's opinion, gives a \"white-washed\" account of Carpenter's life. Gibb also said that a lot of the information in it was \"watered down or removed altogether\" at the request of Richard. Richard Carpenter also requested that Gibb wear Karen Carpenter's original clothing, which he supplied, and that she lose the required weight in",
"psg_id": "10170420"
},
{
"title": "Looking for Love (Karen Carpenter song)",
"text": "Looking for Love (Karen Carpenter song) \"Looking for Love\" is a song released under Karen Carpenter's name. It is regarded to be the first release by what was to become The Carpenters. The music was written by Karen's brother, Richard Carpenter. It was recorded in 1966 and released on record label Magic Lamp, a small label with a limited budget. Even though Richard Carpenter does participate on the recording, it is printed \"Karen Carpenter\" on the recording contract and record label. The record has now become a collectors' item and is worth between $2,000 to $2,500 as only 500 copies",
"psg_id": "12653204"
},
{
"title": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "film was sympathetic to Karen, especially in regards to her anorexia, but much of that sympathy was gained by making the other characters unsympathetic. Karen's parents, Harold and Agnes, were portrayed as overly controlling, attempting to keep Karen living at home even after she turned twenty-five. Agnes was portrayed as unaware of the extent of Karen's problem with anorexia. The duo's initial meeting with A&M Records owner Herb Alpert was inter-cut with stock footage of Vietnam War scenes. Richard Carpenter was portrayed as a rampant perfectionist who frequently sided with his parents against Karen, and he was also depicted as",
"psg_id": "5176208"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "with bassist Joe Osborn, well known for being part of the studio collective The Wrecking Crew. Though she was initially expected to just be the drummer, Karen tried singing, and impressed everyone there with her distinctive voice. Osborn signed a recording contract with her for his label, Magic Lamp Records; he was not particularly interested in Richard's involvement. In 1967, Jacobs left the trio to study at the Juilliard School, and the Carpenter siblings were keen to try out other musical styles. Along with other musicians, including Gary Sims and John Bettis, the siblings formed the group Spectrum, which focused",
"psg_id": "2525949"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "a financial investment. In 1976, Carpenter bought two Century City apartments which she combined into one; the doorbell chimed the opening notes of \"We've Only Just Begun\". She collected Disney memorabilia and liked to play softball and baseball. Petula Clark, Olivia Newton-John and Dionne Warwick were close friends. While she was enjoying success as a woman drummer in what was primarily an all-male occupation, Carpenter was not supportive of the Women's liberation movement, saying she believed a wife should cook for her husband and that when married, this was what she planned to do. In early interviews, Carpenter showed no",
"psg_id": "2525960"
},
{
"title": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "Cult Movies. Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story is a 1987 American short biographical film portraying the last 17 years of singer Karen Carpenter's life. Directed by Todd Haynes, the film uses Barbie dolls as actors, as well as documentary and artistic footage. \"Superstar\" was co-written and co-produced by Haynes and Cynthia Schneider, with an unauthorized soundtrack consisting mostly of the hit songs of The Carpenters. \"Superstar\" was filmed over a ten day period at Bard College in the summer of 1985. Barry Ellsworth collaborated on the film and was the cinematographer for the Barbie themed",
"psg_id": "5176214"
},
{
"title": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story is a 1987 American short biographical film portraying the last 17 years of singer Karen Carpenter's life. Directed by Todd Haynes, the film uses Barbie dolls as actors, as well as documentary and artistic footage. \"Superstar\" was co-written and co-produced by Haynes and Cynthia Schneider, with an unauthorized soundtrack consisting mostly of the hit songs of The Carpenters. \"Superstar\" was filmed over a ten day period at Bard College in the summer of 1985. Barry Ellsworth collaborated on the film and was the cinematographer for the Barbie themed interior segments",
"psg_id": "5176204"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "of eating disorders. Her work continues to attract praise, including being listed in \"Rolling Stone\"s 100 greatest singers of all time. Karen Anne Carpenter was born on March 2, 1950, in New Haven, Connecticut, the daughter of Agnes Reuwer (née Tatum, March 5, 1915 – November 10, 1996) and Harold Bertram Carpenter (November 8, 1908 – October 15, 1988). Harold had been born in Wuzhou, China, where his own parents were missionaries and he was educated at boarding schools in England, before working in the printing business. Carpenter's elder brother Richard developed an interest in music at an early age,",
"psg_id": "2525943"
},
{
"title": "The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "the World\", was fictionalized. Also fictionalized is when Richard Carpenter falls down a flight of stairs, due to his abuse of Quaaludes. The film improbably attempts to end on a happy note, with Karen smiling after her mother says \"I love you.\" The details about her subsequent death are superimposed on the screen before the closing credits. The idea for a movie based on Karen Carpenter's life had been floating around after her sudden death from emetine cardiotoxicity due to anorexia nervosa in February 1983. However, it was impossible to find someone to write the script for it. Once it",
"psg_id": "10170419"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "cuts and he played on most of the Carpenters' studio sessions where she did not play drums herself. Though she was a competent drummer, the duo were happy for Blaine to take the role in the studio as he was a respected session musician and it was easier to record Carpenter's guide vocal without it spilling onto the drum mics. On \"Made in America\", Karen provided percussion on \"Those Good Old Dreams\" in tandem with Paulinho da Costa and made a final return to playing drums on the song \"When it's Gone (It's Just Gone)\" in unison with Larrie Londin.",
"psg_id": "2525955"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter (album)",
"text": "Richard Carpenter later said that the decision not to release the album was Karen's, who respected the opinions of A&M executives and others—including him. Several musicians that worked on the album have said that Carpenter very much wanted her album to be released and that it was not her idea or decision to shelve it. An episode of \"E! True Hollywood Story\" profiling Karen Carpenter claims that Herb Alpert called the album \"unreleaseable\". Quincy Jones championed releasing the album to Derek Green, an A&M Records vice-president, but Alpert, Green and Moss insisted the album had to be cancelled. The production",
"psg_id": "10162849"
},
{
"title": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "California on February 4, 1983, and the viewer follows through the eyes of Karen's mother, Agnes Carpenter, as she discovers her body in a closet. The film then returns by flashback to 1966, and touches on major points in Karen's life including: An unusual facet of the film was that, instead of actors, almost all of the parts were played by modified Barbie dolls. In particular, Haynes detailed Karen's worsening anorexia by subtly whittling away at the face and arms of the \"Karen\" Barbie doll. Sets were created properly scaled to the dolls, including locales such as the Carpenter home",
"psg_id": "5176206"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "then weighed about and intended to lose five more pounds. Her eating habits also changed around this time, with Carpenter trying to get the food off her plate by offering it to others at the meal as a taste. By September 1975, her weight was . At live performances fans reacted audibly to her gaunt appearance and many wrote to the pair to inquire what was wrong. She refused to publicly declare she was in ill health; on her 1981 \"Nationwide\" appearance, she simply said she was \"pooped\". Richard later stated that he and his parents did not know how",
"psg_id": "2525966"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "water a day, and avoiding fatty foods. She was in height and before dieting weighed and afterwards weighed until 1973, when the Carpenters' career reached its peak. In 1973, she happened to see a photo of herself taken at a concert which made her appear heavy. Carpenter hired a personal trainer who advised her to eat a high carbohydrate, low calorie diet. The new diet caused her to build muscle, which made her seem heavier instead of slimmer. Carpenter fired the trainer and began her own weight loss program using exercise equipment and counting calories. She lost about ; she",
"psg_id": "2525965"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "by her favorite drummers, Joe Morello and Ringo Starr. Chavez persuaded her family to buy her a $300 ($ as of ) Ludwig kit, and he began to teach her drums. She was always enthusiastic about drumming and taught herself how to play complicated lines, and studied the difference between traditional and matched grip. Within a year, she could play in complex time signatures, such as the in Dave Brubeck's \"Take Five\". Carpenter was initially nervous about performing in public, but said she \"was too involved in the music to worry about it\". She graduated from Downey High School in",
"psg_id": "2525946"
},
{
"title": "The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "rushed to the hospital by paramedics, and as the EMT is placing an oxygen mask over her face, \"Rainy Days and Mondays\", recorded by the Carpenters on their self-titled album, is playing. The scene shifts to teenaged Karen singing \"The End of the World\" as she roller skates on the day the family moved into their home in Downey (they had previously resided in New Haven, Connecticut). The film then shows the highs and lows of Carpenter's life from the 1960s to 1983. One of the scenes, which showed Carpenter fainting onstage while she was singing the song \"Top of",
"psg_id": "10170418"
},
{
"title": "Those Good Old Dreams",
"text": "warehouse is shown at the beginning. Karen singing and Richard playing the piano in a room with colorful, empty picture frames is shown during the verses and the final part of the song; during the choruses, a montage of black-and-white childhood photos of Karen and Richard is displayed. The yellow pant suit that Karen wore in this video would later be worn by the actress Cynthia Gibb when she starred in the title role of the 1989 film \"The Karen Carpenter Story\". Those Good Old Dreams \"Those Good Old Dreams\" is a song by The Carpenters. Its B-side is \"When",
"psg_id": "11313066"
},
{
"title": "Karen McCluskey",
"text": "Karen McCluskey is introduced in the series as a neighborhood nemesis of Lynette Scavo. In the season one episode Live Alone and Like It (episode 19) we learn that she suffers from severe arthritis and how Lynette helped her when she collapsed soon after they became good friends. Known as the bickering old woman of the neighborhood, Mrs. McCluskey can be constantly known for bickering and causing ruckus. However, deep down Mrs. McCluskey is a really good woman full of love. It was revealed that she had a son that died at age twelve. She offered to babysit the Scavo",
"psg_id": "9582457"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "1982. The session took place during a two-week break in her anorexia therapy with psychotherapist Steven Levenkron in New York City. Though Richard was concerned about her health, he still thought her voice sounded as good as ever. Carpenter released her first solo record, \"Looking For Love\" / \"I'll Be Yours\" in 1967 on Osborn's Magic Lamp label. Only 500 copies were pressed, and the label folded shortly afterwards. In 1979, while Richard took a year off to treat his addiction to Quaaludes, Karen decided to make a solo album with producer Phil Ramone. These sessions produced music that was",
"psg_id": "2525957"
},
{
"title": "The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "has never had an official United States DVD or VHS release, but was issued on laserdisc in Japan. At the time, Richard Carpenter described his feelings towards the film; \"Oh, certain things were overblown. Not that I'm trying to take anything away from the importance of the event: Karen's battle with anorexia, mine with sleeping pills but it was still a little melodramatic. Like, neither of us - for anyone that watched this movie - literally collapsed. In fact, when I saw that, I told them while it was being made: \"Look, neither of us fell down here. Karen didn't",
"psg_id": "10170422"
},
{
"title": "When She Was Bad",
"text": "night, the Scoobies learn that a revivification spell needs the blood of the \"closest\" person to the deceased. Cordelia's necklace, wrapped around a large rock, is thrown through the library window. Buffy leaves for the obvious trap, saying in frustration that she cannot look out for them while slaying. Inside the basement where Cordelia was held, Buffy and Angel find one female vampire. Buffy realizes that the trap is not for her. At the same time, Giles realizes that the Latin text actually said that the ritual requires the blood of those \"physically nearest\" to the Master when he died",
"psg_id": "9142775"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "quickly through her digestive tract. Despite Levenkron's treatment, her condition continued to deteriorate and she lost more weight. Carpenter told Levenkron that she felt dizzy and that her heart was beating irregularly. Finally, in September 1982, she was admitted to Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, where she was placed on intravenous parenteral nutrition. The procedure was a success, and she gained in a relatively short time, but the sudden weight gain put a strain on her heart, which was already weak from years of improper diet. Carpenter returned to California in November 1982, determined to reinvigorate her career, finalize",
"psg_id": "2525968"
},
{
"title": "Karen Maguire",
"text": "both agree that it isn't in the blood, but Karen supports Jamie when he feels like people are looking down on him and he won't have his reputation. Jamie and Karen search for his father who turns out to be Adi Blanco, who has unfortunately died. In time, the family move into Chatsworth. When Lip returns after 6 series away, Karen tells him about how his father has a job and is trying as Lip still thinks he's a \"selfish man\". She also helps him when he is beaten up, then berates him for choosing to get wasted and make",
"psg_id": "9532629"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "Haynes lost a copyright infringement lawsuit filed by Richard. The film's title is derived from The Carpenters' 1971 hit song, \"Superstar\". Over the years, it has developed into a cult film and is included in \"Entertainment Weekly\"'s 2003 list of top 50 cult movies. On January 1, 1989, the similarly titled made-for-TV movie \"The Karen Carpenter Story\" aired on CBS with Cynthia Gibb in the title role. Gibb lip-synced the songs to Carpenter's recorded voice, with the exception of \"The End of the World.\" Both films use the song \"This Masquerade\" in the background while showing Carpenter's marriage to Burris.",
"psg_id": "2525976"
},
{
"title": "When She Was Bad",
"text": "scored a higher 3.1 million household rating. Noel Murray of \"The A.V. Club\" gave \"When She Was Bad\" a mixed review. While he praised the opening and closing scenes as well as other smaller moments, he felt that it dealt with the characters' emotions \"erratically\" and was not positive towards Buffy's attitude and carrying over the Master plotline. A review from the BBC called \"When She Was Bad\" \"another excellent episode\", praising its tying up plot threads from the first season and developing the relationships between characters. When She Was Bad \"When She Was Bad\" is the first episode in",
"psg_id": "9142777"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "had been offered a job there by a former business associate. Carpenter entered Downey High School in 1964 aged 14, and was a year younger than her classmates. She joined the school band, initially to avoid gym classes. Bruce Gifford, the conductor (who had previously taught her older brother) gave her the glockenspiel, an instrument she disliked, and after admiring the performance of her friend and drummer Frankie Chavez (who had been playing from an early age and idolized jazz drummer Buddy Rich), she asked if she could play those instead. Carpenter wanted a Ludwig set, because it was used",
"psg_id": "2525945"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "songs after returning to California and told Warwick she had \"a lot of living left to do\". On February 1, 1983, Carpenter saw her brother for the last time, where they discussed new plans for the Carpenters and resuming touring. A few days later, on February 4, Carpenter was scheduled to sign papers making her divorce official. Shortly after waking up, she collapsed in her bedroom at her parents' home in Downey. Paramedics found her heart beating once every 10 seconds. She was pronounced dead at Downey Community Hospital at 9:51 a.m. Carpenter's funeral was held on February 8, 1983,",
"psg_id": "2525970"
},
{
"title": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "of the film. The film was withdrawn from circulation in 1990 after Haynes lost a copyright infringement lawsuit filed by Karen's brother and musical collaborator, Richard Carpenter. The film's title is derived from The Carpenters' 1971 hit, \"Superstar\". Over the years \"Superstar\" has developed into a cult film, and is included in \"Entertainment Weekly\"s 2003 list of top 50 cult movies. The film follows Karen Carpenter from the time of her \"discovery\" in 1966, her quick rise to stardom, to her untimely death by cardiac arrest (secondary to anorexia nervosa) in 1983. It begins in Karen's parents' home in Downey,",
"psg_id": "5176205"
},
{
"title": "Karen Kamon",
"text": "Karen Kamon Karen Ichiuji-Ramone, known by her stage name Karen Kamon, is an American singer and actress. She is perhaps best known for her performance of \"Manhunt\" on the soundtrack to the movie \"Flashdance.\" She also sang \"Squeeze Play\" on the soundtrack to the movie \"D.C. Cab\" and provided character voices for the movie \"Oliver & Company.\" In television, she appeared in one episode of the U.S. TV series \"T.J. Hooker.\" She is listed as a production associate on Karen Carpenter's solo album and credited, on the Carpenters compilation album \"Lovelines,\" as a friend of Karen Carpenter. She was also",
"psg_id": "11955947"
},
{
"title": "When She Was Mine",
"text": "Nothing left of me,\" he confesses of his loss, before bursting into an ear-snagging chorus. Fortunately, we suspect the silver lining of this particular cloud is just about to shine. . When She Was Mine \"When She Was Mine\" is the debut single released by British pop rock band Lawson, via Polydor Records. The single was released in the United Kingdom on 27 May 2012, as the lead single from their debut studio album, \"Chapman Square\" (2012), and reached #4 on the UK Singles Chart. A music video to accompany the release of \"When She Was Mine\" was released on",
"psg_id": "16514991"
},
{
"title": "When She Was Mine",
"text": "When She Was Mine \"When She Was Mine\" is the debut single released by British pop rock band Lawson, via Polydor Records. The single was released in the United Kingdom on 27 May 2012, as the lead single from their debut studio album, \"Chapman Square\" (2012), and reached #4 on the UK Singles Chart. A music video to accompany the release of \"When She Was Mine\" was released on 11 April. Directed by Declan Whitebloom at a total length of three minutes and forty-seven seconds. The video features the band performing the track in a high-rise building, looking out onto",
"psg_id": "16514989"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "that could have ever happened to her\". In September 1981, Carpenter revised her will and left her marital home and its contents to Burris, but left everything else to her brother and parents, including her fortune estimated at 5 or $10 million (US$ in dollars). Two months later, following an argument after a family dinner in a restaurant, Carpenter and Burris broke up. Carpenter filed for divorce on October 28, 1982, while staying in Lenox Hill Hospital. Carpenter began dieting while in high school. Under a doctor's guidance, she began the Stillman Diet, eating lean foods, drinking eight glasses of",
"psg_id": "2525964"
},
{
"title": "Karen Morley",
"text": "in August 1933. Morley and Vidor were divorced in 1943. Later that year she married the actor Lloyd Gough. They had one child together. They were married until Gough's death in 1984. Morley lived in Santa Monica, California, during her later years. She died of pneumonia at the age of 93 in Woodland Hills, California, and was survived by two grandsons, a great-grandson, and a great-granddaughter. Karen Morley Karen Morley (born Mildred Linton, December 12, 1909 – March 8, 2003) was an American film actress. Born in Ottumwa, Iowa, Morley lived there until she was 13 years old. When she",
"psg_id": "3216164"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter (album)",
"text": "was being prepared for release, an individual at A&M copied Carpenter's unreleased and unfinished material on a cassette tape and distributed it via a fan club on Yahoo! through the mail. The songs were leaked onto the internet in 2000. Two of the unreleased songs, \"I Love Makin' Love to You\" and \"Truly You\" were finished, while the remaining tracks were work leads only and in different stages of completion. The following are a list of songs that Karen Carpenter recorded that never made it onto the album; however, they all circulate via bootlegging circles in studio quality. 'Jimmy Mack'",
"psg_id": "10162851"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "her divorce and begin a new album with Richard. On December 17, 1982, she gave her last singing performance in the multi-purpose room of the Buckley School in Sherman Oaks, California, singing Christmas carols for her godchildren, their classmates and other friends. On January 11, 1983, Karen made her last public appearance at a gathering of past Grammy Award winners, who were commemorating the show's 25th anniversary. She seemed somewhat frail and worn out, but according to Dionne Warwick, Karen was vibrant and outgoing, exclaiming to everyone, \"Look at me! I've got an ass!\" She had also begun to write",
"psg_id": "2525969"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "Burris on August 31, 1980, in the Crystal Room of the Beverly Hills Hotel. Burris, divorced with an 18-year-old son, was nine years her senior. A new song performed by Carpenter at the ceremony, \"Because We Are in Love\", was released in 1981. The couple settled in Newport Beach. Carpenter desperately wanted children, but Burris had undergone a vasectomy and refused to get an operation to reverse it. Their marriage did not survive this and ended after 14 months. Burris was living beyond his means, borrowing up to $35,000 and $50,000 (US$ in dollars) at a time from his wife,",
"psg_id": "2525962"
},
{
"title": "Karen Machover",
"text": "Karen Machover Sophie Karen Alper (September 12, 1902- January 22, 1996) was an Belarus-born American psychologist better known as Karen Machover. Sophie Karen Alper was born on September 12, 1902 in Minsk, Belarus. She migrated to the Lower East Side with her parents in 1910. Both her parents died by the time she was 8 years old. With little assistance from relatives, she was self-supporting by the age of 12. She graduate elementary school with honors at the age of 12 and completed a high school equivalency. She earned a bachelor of arts from New York University in 1929 and",
"psg_id": "20993288"
},
{
"title": "Richard Carpenter (musician)",
"text": "began to show in their wholesome facade. An insane touring schedule began to take its toll and Richard took refuge in heroic doses of quaaludes. Meanwhile, Karen started worrying about her weight. The worrying became obsession. The cracks became faultlines. The centre could not hold.\" Dr. Gabe Mirkin wrote in \"The sad story of Karen Carpenter\" (February 15, 2014), \"In those years, you could tell that something was wrong because the Carpenters frequently cancelled appearances. She appeared unhealthfully thin, weighing only 90 pounds when she was 25. Richard appeared to be forgetful, and it was later found that he was",
"psg_id": "7672696"
},
{
"title": "When She Was Bad",
"text": "When She Was Bad \"When She Was Bad\" is the first episode in the second season of \"Buffy the Vampire Slayer\". The episode was written and directed by series creator and executive producer Joss Whedon. The narrative follows Buffy Summers (Sarah Michelle Gellar) returning from her summer vacation and behaving strangely following her encounter with The Master in the previous season's finale. The Anointed One (Andrew J. Ferchland) attempts to revive the Master with a ritual involving his bones. However he requires something from the Slayer and sets a deadly trap in motion. Xander Harris (Nicholas Brendon) and Willow Rosenberg",
"psg_id": "9142771"
},
{
"title": "Karen Walker (Will & Grace)",
"text": "emotional goodbye when she is alone with the casket, and tells her she was her best friend. Karen has a sister named Gin, played by Bernadette Peters. According to Gin, Karen rigged a floorboard during a game of Twister so she would fall through, hurt herself, and end her career in dance. Gin always mentions how one of her legs is now shorter than the other due to the incident. Later, Gin admits she rigged the floorboard as a cry for attention. Lois, played by Suzanne Pleshette, is Karen's mother who appears in the episode \"Someone Old, Someplace New\". Jack",
"psg_id": "3874813"
},
{
"title": "When She Was Bad",
"text": "– in other words, Giles, Willow, Cordelia and Ms. Calendar. Buffy tortures the vampire for information on their whereabouts. Buffy interrupts the ritual while Angel and Xander rescue the others. Before she leaves, Buffy smashes to bits the Master's bones with a sledge hammer. The next day, Buffy apologizes for her behavior and is pleasantly surprised to find herself forgiven. Meanwhile, the Anointed One gazes at the scene of destruction, and simply remarks, \"I hate that girl.\" \"When She Was Bad\" drew an audience of 2.9 million households. When the episode was aired as a repeat in November 1997, it",
"psg_id": "9142776"
},
{
"title": "Karen McCluskey",
"text": "They then continued to flirt for a week until they decided to sleep together. They went out for weeks until one day Karen decided she needed to know how he felt while they were out for a walk, Karen told Roy that she loved him. Roy didn't respond until Karen urged him on. He was about to tell her he loved her when he noticed Julie Mayer unconscious in a garden. Karen then screamed at the top of her voice, informing Wisteria Lane of Julie's brutal attack. Later Karen tells Roy that she doesn't know whether she should tell the",
"psg_id": "9582474"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "the spring of 1967, receiving the John Philip Sousa Band Award, and enrolled as a music major at Long Beach State, performing in the college choir with Richard. The choir's director, Frank Pooler, said that Karen had a good voice that was particularly suited to pop, and gave her lessons in order for her to develop a three-octave range. Carpenter's first band was Two Plus Two, an all-girl trio formed with two friends from Downey High. They split up after she suggested her brother Richard join the group. In 1965, Karen, Richard, and his college friend Wes Jacobs, a bassist",
"psg_id": "2525947"
},
{
"title": "When She Was My Girl",
"text": "40 showing made the group one of the few acts to have top 40 singles on the Billboard Hot 100 in three consecutive decades. \"When She Was My Girl\" was a Grammy nominee for best R&B song. When She Was My Girl \"When She Was My Girl\" is a 1981 single released by American vocal group the Four Tops. The song, their first release off Casablanca Records, helped to return the former signature Motown act to the American pop Top 40 charts, peaking at number 11 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number 10 on the \"Cashbox\" chart, and reaching",
"psg_id": "10380307"
},
{
"title": "Karen Brain",
"text": "Karen Brain Karen Brain (born 26 April 1970) is a Canadian Paralympic equestrian. She won two medals in the 2004 Summer Paralympics. Karen Brain was born in Victoria in 1970 to Darlene and Bill Brain. She began horseback riding with her sister at Oak Meadows Farm when she was 8 years old. By age 9, she was learning to jump. At 11 years old, Brain got her first horse, Patty, a 15.3 hh chestnut Thoroughbred. A year and a half later, Brain sold Patty and purchased Pumpkin, an American Quarter Horse. Brain continued to advance on Pumpkin, earning ribbons in",
"psg_id": "20188114"
},
{
"title": "Richard Carpenter (musician)",
"text": "Richard Carpenter (musician) Richard Lynn Carpenter (born October 15, 1946) is an American musician, best known as one half of the sibling duo The Carpenters alongside his sister Karen. He has had numerous roles including record producer, arranger, pianist, keyboardist, lyricist, and composer, as well as joining with Karen on harmony vocals. Richard Lynn Carpenter was born at Grace-New Haven Hospital (now called Yale-New Haven Hospital) in New Haven, Connecticut, the same hospital where his sister Karen was later born. His parents were Agnes Reuwer Tatum (a housewife) (March 5, 1915 – November 10, 1996) and Harold Bertram Carpenter (November",
"psg_id": "7672686"
},
{
"title": "Something in Your Eyes (Richard Carpenter song)",
"text": "Something in Your Eyes (Richard Carpenter song) \"Something in Your Eyes\" is a song by Richard Carpenter, released as the first single from his debut solo album, \"Time\". It reportedly was to have been the lead single off what would have been the Carpenters' follow-up to their 1981 album \"Made in America\"; however, Karen Carpenter died before having had the opportunity to lay down a vocal track (although, according to Richard's album notes, Karen had been very excited and looking forward to recording the song). Richard ultimately chose Dusty Springfield to record the vocal in conjunction with his arrangement, backing",
"psg_id": "11528548"
},
{
"title": "When She Was Bad",
"text": "Master and begins furiously hitting a dummy. At night, she dreams of being killed by him when Angel (David Boreanaz) appears in her room to warn her of the childlike Anointed One (Andrew J. Ferchland). Buffy coldly brushes him off. He tells her he missed her and leaves before she can reply. At the Bronze, Xander and Willow wonder about Buffy's behavior. Willow tries in vain to recreate the ice-cream moment. Buffy then arrives in a very revealing dress and mocks Angel. She begins a slow, sensual dance with Xander. Meanwhile, the Anointed One and his acolyte Absalom (Brent Jennings),",
"psg_id": "9142773"
},
{
"title": "Joyce Carpenter",
"text": "Helleur died on 9 June 2016. Joyce Carpenter Joyce Constance Gladys Helleur (née Carpenter, 15 October 1923 − 9 June 2016) was a New Zealand diver, who represented her country at the 1950 British Empire Games. Born Joyce Constance Gladys Carpenter, Helleur was born on 15 October 1923. She took up diving when a junior swimming championship was being held in Nelson: at the suggestion of the pool superintendent, Harry Davy, she entered the diving competition. She went on to win the New Zealand national women's diving championship twice, in 1944 and 1950. Carpenter worked as a physical education instructor.",
"psg_id": "20342891"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "the drums (former Disney Mouseketeer Cubby O'Brien served as the band's other drummer for many years). She initially struggled in live performances singing solo, as she felt more secure behind a drum kit. After the release of \"Now & Then\" in 1973, the albums tended to have Carpenter singing more and drumming less, and she became the focal point of all records and live performances; Bash later said \"she was the one that people watched\". Starting in Carpenters' 1976 concert tour and continuing thereafter, she would perform a showcase where she moved around the stage playing various configurations of drums.",
"psg_id": "2525953"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "on a harmonious vocal sound and recorded many demo tapes in Osborn's garage studio, working out how to overdub voices onto multitrack tape. Many of those tapes were rejected by record companies. The group found difficulty attracting a live following, as their sound was too dissimilar from the hard rock and psychedelic rock then popular in clubs. A&M Records finally signed the Carpenters to a recording contract in 1969. Karen sang most of the songs on the band's first album, \"Offering\" (later retitled \"Ticket to Ride\"), and her brother wrote 10 out of the album's 13 songs and sang 5",
"psg_id": "2525950"
},
{
"title": "Karen Muir",
"text": "it was reported that the cancer had spread. Muir died of breast cancer at the age of 60 in Mossel Bay, South Africa on 1 April 2013. Kimberley's Olympic-sized swimming pool was named the Karen Muir Swimming Pool in honour of the young swimmer, who was nicknamed locally as the \"Tepid Torpedo\". When Karen Muir revisited the city in 2009 she donated her Springbok blazer to the Diamantveld High School. Karen Muir Karen Muir (16 September 1952 – 1 April 2013) was a South African competitive swimmer. Born and raised in Kimberley, she attended the Diamantveld High School, where she",
"psg_id": "13370685"
},
{
"title": "How, When and with Whom",
"text": "vacation in Sardinia, having waited in vain for the arrival of her husband, she gives in to Alberto's wishes. They continue their relationship back in Milan, but she chooses not to follow him to Argentina. How, When and with Whom Come, quando, perché, internationally released as How, When and with Whom, is a 1969 Italian romance film written and directed by Antonio Pietrangeli. It is the last film of Pietrangeli, who died drowning in the sea of Gaeta, while he was testing some shots for the next day; he was eventually replaced by Valerio Zurlini. Paola, wife of a wealthy",
"psg_id": "16299327"
},
{
"title": "Karen McCluskey",
"text": "mentions how freaky it was that Dave changed his name and went to live near the people who were involved with his loved ones' deaths. Karen is given a love interest this season named Roy Bender. When Gaby offers to collect Karen from the grocery store, Karen spends the whole time in the car talking about her sex life with Roy. She later watches as Julie Mayer fights with her new neighbor Danny Bolen on the street. The first time Karen McCluskey met Roy Bender she smiled at him to her surprise. The next time they met, Roy smiled back.",
"psg_id": "9582473"
},
{
"title": "Richard Carpenter (musician)",
"text": "automatic transmission package. Citations Sources Richard Carpenter (musician) Richard Lynn Carpenter (born October 15, 1946) is an American musician, best known as one half of the sibling duo The Carpenters alongside his sister Karen. He has had numerous roles including record producer, arranger, pianist, keyboardist, lyricist, and composer, as well as joining with Karen on harmony vocals. Richard Lynn Carpenter was born at Grace-New Haven Hospital (now called Yale-New Haven Hospital) in New Haven, Connecticut, the same hospital where his sister Karen was later born. His parents were Agnes Reuwer Tatum (a housewife) (March 5, 1915 – November 10, 1996)",
"psg_id": "7672707"
},
{
"title": "Karen Tuttle",
"text": "\"Karen Tuttle Coordination Workshop\" held each summer in the USA. Ms. Tuttle died on December 16, 2010 after a long illness. Karen Tuttle made many recordings throughout her career, both private and commercially released. Her discography includes: Karen Tuttle Karen Tuttle (March 28, 1920 – December 16, 2010) was an American viola teacher, famous for her \"coordination\" technique, which emphasizes being comfortable while playing the instrument. She was originally a violinist who chose to become a violist when she wanted to study with William Primrose, whose technique and ease in playing the viola she greatly admired. Her coordination technique is",
"psg_id": "8485273"
},
{
"title": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "them unreadable. Haynes also worked spanking, a common theme in his works, into the film with a repeated segment featuring a black-and-white overhead view of someone administering an over-the-knee spanking to the bare-bottomed adult Barbie Karen. The meaning of this segment is never discussed, leaving it to the viewer's imagination. Upon its release, the film was a minor art hit, and was shown at several film festivals. However, shortly thereafter, Richard Carpenter viewed the film and became irate with its portrayal of his family and himself. It later emerged that Haynes never obtained music licensing from either Richard or the",
"psg_id": "5176210"
},
{
"title": "Karen Klinger",
"text": "2006, and sixth in 2009. Karen Klinger Karen Klinger (maiden name Carpenter; August 17, 1965) is a female rower from the United States. Klinger rowed for the Smith College crew team from 1983 until 1987. In 1985, she was a member of the Varsity 8 which, with the Junior Varsity and Novice 8, won three first place medals at the Valley Championships. In 1986, she was a member of the Varsity 8 crew that finished first at the Valley Championships. Klinger competed for the United States at the 1991 Pan American Games in Havana, where she was a member of",
"psg_id": "16544694"
},
{
"title": "Karen Klinger",
"text": "Karen Klinger Karen Klinger (maiden name Carpenter; August 17, 1965) is a female rower from the United States. Klinger rowed for the Smith College crew team from 1983 until 1987. In 1985, she was a member of the Varsity 8 which, with the Junior Varsity and Novice 8, won three first place medals at the Valley Championships. In 1986, she was a member of the Varsity 8 crew that finished first at the Valley Championships. Klinger competed for the United States at the 1991 Pan American Games in Havana, where she was a member of the women's quad that won",
"psg_id": "16544692"
},
{
"title": "When She Was My Girl",
"text": "When She Was My Girl \"When She Was My Girl\" is a 1981 single released by American vocal group the Four Tops. The song, their first release off Casablanca Records, helped to return the former signature Motown act to the American pop Top 40 charts, peaking at number 11 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100, number 10 on the \"Cashbox\" chart, and reaching number one on the R&B charts. Internationally, it reached number nine in Canada, number six in New Zealand, and also became their first top ten hit in the UK in nine years, reaching number three. Their top",
"psg_id": "10380306"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "and tuba player, formed the Richard Carpenter Trio. The band rehearsed daily and played jazz at numerous nightclubs and also appeared on the TV talent show \"Your All-American College Show\". Richard was immediately impressed with his sister's musical talent, saying she would \"speedily maneuver the sticks as if she had been born in a drum factory\". She did not sing at this point; instead, singer Margaret Shanor guested on some numbers. The trio signed a contract with RCA Records and recorded two instrumentals, but they were not released. In April 1966, the Carpenters were invited to audition at a session",
"psg_id": "2525948"
},
{
"title": "Karen McCluskey",
"text": "Dave to take her ashes to her son Travers. When they tell Travers about the death, he is not visibly upset, saying Edie was not a good mom and did not even attempt to raise him. Angry, Karen tells Travers about how some years back, Edie comforted Karen on the anniversary of her son's death and told her that she wanted Travers to be brought up properly and she knew she wouldn't have been a good mother to him. Travers then becomes upset over her death and tells the ladies to take the ashes. Karen, being the closest to Edie,",
"psg_id": "9582471"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "interest in marriage or dating, believing that a relationship would not survive constant touring, adding \"as long as we're on the road most of the time, I will never marry\". In 1976, she said the music business made it hard to meet people and that she refused to just marry someone for the sake of it. Carpenter admitted to Olivia Newton-John that she longed for a happy marriage and family. She later dated several notable men, including Mike Curb, Tony Danza, Terry Ellis, Mark Harmon, Steve Martin and Alan Osmond. After a whirlwind romance, she married real-estate developer Thomas James",
"psg_id": "2525961"
},
{
"title": "Karen Mack",
"text": "Karen Mack Karen Mack is an American television producer for \"CBS\" and co-author of three novels from Los Angeles, California. Karen Mack grew up in Las Vegas, Nevada. Her father, Jerome D. Mack, was a banker and real estate investor. When she was nine years old, he named Karen Avenue in Las Vegas after her. Her mother, nee Joyce Rosenberg, was a philanthropist. Her paternal grandfather was the co-founder of the Bank of Las Vegas. She was raised in a Jewish household, with her father serving as President of Temple Beth Sholom. Mack graduated cum laude graduate from the University",
"psg_id": "18424021"
},
{
"title": "Richard Carpenter (musician)",
"text": "8, 1908 – October 15, 1988). His father was born in China, where his own parents were missionaries, and was educated at boarding schools in England, before working in the printing business. Carpenter was named after his father's younger brother, Richard Lynn Carpenter. Carpenter and his uncle both married women named Mary. Richard and his sister were baptized into the United Methodist Church and as children were part of the Methodist Youth Ministry. Carpenter frequently played the piano while his younger sister, Karen, played baseball outside. He and Karen also liked to listen to the children's records their father bought",
"psg_id": "7672687"
},
{
"title": "Maud Carpenter",
"text": "Blitz of the Second World War, she would reputedly stand on the roof of the Playhouse yelling \"Don't bomb my theatre. Don't bomb my theatre\". She once scolded Anthony Hopkins when he turned up at the theatre wearing jeans and an open neck shirt, instead of dressing formally. The author Sheila Hancock describes Carpenter as a \"local powerhouse\". Carpenter married Dr David Farrington in 1919; she died in 1967. Maud Carpenter Maud Farrington OBE (; 19 March 1892 – 18 June 1967) was a British theatre manager, who was the first woman to join the board of the Liverpool Playhouse",
"psg_id": "19378422"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "hit singles: \"(They Long to Be) Close to You\" and \"We've Only Just Begun\". They peaked at #1 and #2, respectively, on the Hot 100. Carpenter started out as both the group's drummer and lead singer, and she originally sang all her vocals from behind the drum set. Because she was just tall, it was difficult for people in the audience to see her behind her kit. After reviews complained the group had no focal point in live shows, Richard and manager Sherwin Bash persuaded her to stand at the microphone to sing the band's hits, while another musician played",
"psg_id": "2525952"
},
{
"title": "Karen McCluskey",
"text": "might die soon. Later Karen tells Beth Young about Martha Huber and how everybody believed Paul had killed her. Roy returns in \"A Humiliating Business\" where it is revealed that he and Karen have now married, making him her second husband. She is knocked down in the Riot, and is helped up by Lynette. She then lets Porter and Preston live at her house when Lynette tells them to find a place of their own, however their time is short lived as Karen kicks them out after they have a house party. In \"The Lies Ill-Concealed\" Karen is visited by",
"psg_id": "9582477"
},
{
"title": "Superstar: The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "in Downey, Karen's apartment in Century City, restaurants, and recording studios. Details such as labels on wine bottles and Ex-Lax boxes were shrunk in proportion. Interspersed with the story were documentary-style segments detailing both the times in which Karen Carpenter lived and anorexia. These segments were seen as melodramatic parodies of the documentary genre. The underlying and unauthorized soundtrack included many popular hits of the day, including duets such as Elton John and Kiki Dee and Captain & Tennille, and songs by Gilbert O'Sullivan, Leon Russell, as well as the bulk of The Carpenters hits themselves. The tone of the",
"psg_id": "5176207"
},
{
"title": "Karen McCarthy",
"text": "for at least a decade. A non-injury car accident involving McCarthy at her home in April prompted her friends to seek medical help which revealed her illnesses. Karen McCarthy died on October 5, 2010. McCarthy was 63 years old and had been suffering from Alzheimer's disease. Write-in and minor candidate notes: In 2000, Reform candidate Dennis M. Carriger received 974 votes. Karen McCarthy Karen McCarthy (March 18, 1947 – October 5, 2010) was a Missouri politician. She served as the U.S. Representative for the fifth district of Missouri from 1995 to 2005. McCarthy was born in Haverhill, Massachusetts and grew",
"psg_id": "3676803"
},
{
"title": "When Jonathan Died",
"text": "When Jonathan Died When Jonathan Died is a novel by Tony Duvert, translated by D.R. Roberts. It was first published in France as \"Quand Mourut Jonathan\" in 1978. Jonathan is a 27-year-old artist living in Paris who befriends a single mother and her six-year-old son, Serge. When Serge is eight, his mother asks Jonathan to look after him for a week, which they spend together at Jonathan's country house in southern France. Jonathan and Serge become close friends. Jonathan, smitten with the boy, is distraught when Serge returns to Paris. They meet each other again when Serge is age 10,",
"psg_id": "7502994"
},
{
"title": "Richard Carpenter (musician)",
"text": "and the family was tired of the cold New England winters. Carpenter studied music at the California State University at Long Beach. There, he met Frank Pooler, a conductor and composer who wrote the lyrics to the Christmas classic \"Merry Christmas Darling\" in 1968. Richard also met good friend, John Bettis, who co-wrote songs with Richard. Carpenter created the Richard Carpenter Trio in 1965 with sister Karen and friend Wes Jacobs. Richard played the piano, Karen played the drums, and Wes played the tuba and bass. In 1966 the Richard Carpenter Trio played \"Iced Tea\" and \"The Girl from Ipanema\"",
"psg_id": "7672689"
},
{
"title": "Karen Ankersted",
"text": "(Social Liberals) and Mathilde Malling Hauschultz (Conservative People's Party). She was not re-elected in the April 1920 election but only left the Rigsdag until the following August when she entered the Landsting for her last few months. Karen Ankersted died in Copenhagen on 6 November 1921. Karen Ankersted Karen Marie Ankersted Hansen (1859–1921) was a Danish teacher and a pioneering female politician. She was among the first four women to be elected to the Municipal Council of Frederiksberg in 1909 as well as one of the first four to be elected to the Folketing (the Danish national parliament) in 1918.",
"psg_id": "20965238"
},
{
"title": "Karen Corr",
"text": "Karen Corr Karen Corr (born 10 November 1969) is a professional pool and former snooker and English billiards player representing Northern Ireland, and was inducted in the BCA Hall of Fame in 2012. Karen was born in Ballymoney, Northern Ireland and spent her early childhood near Maghera. When she was 8 years old, her family moved to England. She loved watching snooker matches on television and joined a snooker club at the age of 14 with her dad and her brother. Her friends in Bourne saw that she had exceptional snooker skills and encouraged her to play in tournaments. At",
"psg_id": "1649421"
},
{
"title": "Karen Harrison",
"text": "the junction in front of you. I still miss the camaraderie of my mates in ASLEF. I miss them terribly. The folk at my college are the closest I've got to that old espirit de corps and they put up with an old bag like me with great stoicism.\" After graduation, Harrison had plans to work as a barrister specialising in labour law and human rights. She died suddenly April 2011 before completing her studies. Her funeral was held in the college chapel, with a eulogy given by her tutor Louise Gullifer. Karen Harrison Karen Harrison (16 November 1960 –",
"psg_id": "13590529"
},
{
"title": "How, When and with Whom",
"text": "How, When and with Whom Come, quando, perché, internationally released as How, When and with Whom, is a 1969 Italian romance film written and directed by Antonio Pietrangeli. It is the last film of Pietrangeli, who died drowning in the sea of Gaeta, while he was testing some shots for the next day; he was eventually replaced by Valerio Zurlini. Paola, wife of a wealthy Milanese industrialist, meets Alberto, a friend of her husband, who emigrated to Argentina and has returned for business reasons. After a few days, Alberto confesses his love to Paola, but she resists. However, during a",
"psg_id": "16299326"
},
{
"title": "When Marnie Was There",
"text": "parents had also died and had no one to look after Emily. After Marnie was released and Emily came back from boarding school at the age of 13, Emily blamed Marnie for abandoning her. Emily ran away and had a daughter herself, but she and her husband were killed in a car accident when their daughter was one year old. Marnie raised her granddaughter, who was placed in foster care after her death. At the end of the summer Yoriko goes to the town to take Anna home. She gives Anna a photograph of the mansion and says it belonged",
"psg_id": "17731680"
},
{
"title": "Karen Morley",
"text": "Karen Morley Karen Morley (born Mildred Linton, December 12, 1909 – March 8, 2003) was an American film actress. Born in Ottumwa, Iowa, Morley lived there until she was 13 years old. When she moved to Hollywood, she attended Hollywood High School and later graduated from UCLA. After working at the Pasadena Playhouse, she came to the attention of the director Clarence Brown, at a time when he had been looking for an actress to stand-in for Greta Garbo in screen tests. This led to a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and roles in such films as \"Mata Hari\" (1931), \"Scarface\" (1932),",
"psg_id": "3216159"
},
{
"title": "Henry Bernard Carpenter",
"text": "Boyd Carpenter, the Anglican Bishop of Ripon. He married Emma Bailey in 1878, and had a son named Henry in 1882. Carpenter died on July 17, 1890 at the age of 50, he was survived by his wife and his 8 year old son. Carpenter received tributes from many, including poet and journalist John Boyle O'Reilly (who died less than a month after Carpenter). He was buried in North Bridgton Cemetery. Henry Bernard Carpenter Henry Bernard Carpenter (April 22, 1840 – July 17, 1890), was an Irish Unitarian clergyman, orator, author, and poet. Educated at Oxford University, his written works",
"psg_id": "15243419"
},
{
"title": "Karen McCluskey",
"text": "not there (he was actually killed by Dave the episode before), and Roberta tells Karen she cannot help anymore and leaves. In the eighteenth episode of the season, Karen hangs out with Edie, who tells Karen about how Dave lost his wife and daughter in a car accident. Karen apologizes, saying she wouldn't have done what she did to Dave if she knew that as she lost a child herself and knows what it can do to a person. In the following episode, Edie dies due to being electrocuted. Karen, along with Susan, Gabrielle, Bree and Lynette, is asked by",
"psg_id": "9582470"
},
{
"title": "Karen Farbridge",
"text": "Karen Farbridge Karen J. Farbridge is a Canadian politician, the former mayor and a former city councillor of the city of Guelph, Ontario. Farbridge was born in Woking, England the oldest of three siblings. When she was three years old she moved to Canada with her family for her father's work. Her father, Joseph Farbridge, was an aeronautical engineer who moved to Canada to work with de Havilland Aircraft of Canada Ltd. Farbridge was first elected to Guelph City Council in 1994, and served until her first election as mayor in the 2000 municipal election. She served until 2003, when",
"psg_id": "7535078"
},
{
"title": "Karen Corr",
"text": "times. Member – BCA Hall of Fame (Greatest Player Category) WPBA Tournament Championships International championships Karen Corr Karen Corr (born 10 November 1969) is a professional pool and former snooker and English billiards player representing Northern Ireland, and was inducted in the BCA Hall of Fame in 2012. Karen was born in Ballymoney, Northern Ireland and spent her early childhood near Maghera. When she was 8 years old, her family moved to England. She loved watching snooker matches on television and joined a snooker club at the age of 14 with her dad and her brother. Her friends in Bourne",
"psg_id": "1649426"
},
{
"title": "An Old-Fashioned Christmas",
"text": "Portrait\" album). A 1984 expanded CD reissue of \"Christmas Portrait\" included several tracks from \"An Old Fashioned Christmas\". In 1996 a two-CD set, \"Christmas Collection\", was issued containing both albums in their original running order. All tracks produced by Richard Carpenter except \"Santa Claus is Comin' to Town\" by Jack Daugherty, R. Carpenter, and Karen Carpenter. Notes Unless otherwise indicated, Information is taken from Lead Sister<br> Performance Production and technical An Old-Fashioned Christmas An Old-Fashioned Christmas is the second Christmas album and posthumous twelfth studio album by American music duo Carpenters, released on September 28, 1984 and after the death",
"psg_id": "9956381"
},
{
"title": "Karen MacKenzie",
"text": "you know, her dedication to her issues.\" Though she was often a maternal figure, Karen was never able to become a grandmother on the serial. Lee said on her personal website, \"Yes. I know it might sound like a big ego...far from it. It was a business option to prolong a career.\" When often interviewed about the show, Lee brings up the fact that \"as society changed...so did \"Knots Landing\".\" Her character, Karen, once gave a large speech about how society was often changing and becoming less of the trustworthy place it used to be. Karen became addicted to prescription",
"psg_id": "16588934"
},
{
"title": "Eliza Carpenter",
"text": "in 1924, she was thrown from a buggy when her Thoroughbred horse spooked, suffering a fractured skull. She returned to Ponca City in August 1924 where she suffered a stroke resulting in paralysis, and died on Tuesday, December 16, 1924. Eliza Carpenter Eliza Carpenter (1851 – December 16, 1924) was a race horse owner and jockey who was born an enslaved person and achieved success as the only African-American horse racer in early Oklahoma. For more than thirty years she owned and raced a number of Thoroughbred horses in country circuits, winning many races and considerable money. Born in Virginia",
"psg_id": "16318503"
},
{
"title": "Karen Carpenter",
"text": "beating Led Zeppelin's John Bonham. Sheila E., Debbi Peterson and Kelley Deal are among the female drummers that cited Carpenter as an inspiration at an early age to becoming musicians. On October 12, 1983, shortly after her death, the Carpenters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 1999, VH1 ranked Carpenter at #29 on its list of the 100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll. In 2010, \"Rolling Stone\" ranked Carpenter number 94 on its list of the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time, calling her voice \"impossibly lush and almost shockingly intimate\", adding \"even the sappiest",
"psg_id": "2525974"
}
] | [
"32",
"thirty-two"
] |
"according to the modern olympics founder baron de coubertin, ""the essential thing is not conquering but..."" what?" | [
{
"title": "Ethelbert Talbot",
"text": "Ethelbert Talbot Ethelbert Talbot (October 9, 1848 – February 27, 1928) was the fifteenth presiding bishop of the Episcopal Church. He is credited with inspiring Pierre de Coubertin to coin the phrase, \"The important thing in the Olympic Games is not so much the winning but taking part, for the essential thing in life is not conquering but fighting well.\" Talbot was born in Fayette, Missouri on October 9, 1848. He was the son of John Alnut Talbot, a physician, and Alice Daly Talbot. He graduated from Dartmouth in 1870 and went directly to the General Theological Seminary from which",
"psg_id": "13595928"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "has been on the Olympic program continuously since 1912. A women's event was not included until the 2000 Games. Modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympics Modern pentathlon is a sports contest created especially for the Summer Olympic Games by the founder of the modern Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, and was first contested in 1912. Coubertin was inspired by the pentathlon event in Ancient Olympic Games, which was modeled after the skills of the ideal soldier at the time. The \"modern\" pentathlon simulates the experience of a 19th-century cavalry soldier behind enemy lines: he/she must ride an unfamiliar horse, fight",
"psg_id": "8577683"
},
{
"title": "Modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "Modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympics Modern pentathlon is a sports contest created especially for the Summer Olympic Games by the founder of the modern Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, and was first contested in 1912. Coubertin was inspired by the pentathlon event in Ancient Olympic Games, which was modeled after the skills of the ideal soldier at the time. The \"modern\" pentathlon simulates the experience of a 19th-century cavalry soldier behind enemy lines: he/she must ride an unfamiliar horse, fight with pistol and sword, swim, and run. Therefore, the modern pentathlon event comprises the five sport disciplines: Modern pentathlon",
"psg_id": "8577682"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "Pierre de Coubertin Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (; born just Pierre de Frédy; 1 January 1863 – 2 September 1937, also known as Pierre de Coubertin and Baron de Coubertin) was a French educator and historian, and founder of the International Olympic Committee, and its second President. He is considered the father of the modern Olympic Games. Born into a French aristocratic family, he became an academic and studied a broad range of topics, most notably education and history. He graduated with a degree in law and public affairs Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po). It was",
"psg_id": "337805"
},
{
"title": "Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Lausanne)",
"text": "Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Lausanne) Stade Pierre de Coubertin is an outdoor stadium of the city of Lausanne (Switzerland). It normally seats 6,000 spectators and can be expanded to seat twice that number of spectators when needed. Since 1915, the city of Lausanne is home to the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee. The venue is named for Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the Modern Olympic Games. The Stadium was notably used from 1977 to 1985 for the Athletissima, an international athletics event. It will serve as the Olympic Stadium of the 2020 Winter Youth Olympics. It also hosts",
"psg_id": "18934577"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "Coubertin's mind by the tendency of athletic competition to promote understanding across cultures, thereby lessening the dangers of war. In addition, he saw the Games as important in advocating his philosophical ideal for athletic competition: that the competition itself, the struggle to overcome one's opponent, was more important than winning. Coubertin expressed this ideal thus: \"L'important dans la vie ce n'est point le triomphe, mais le combat, l'essentiel ce n'est pas d'avoir vaincu mais de s'être bien battu.\" \"The important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle, the essential thing is not to have conquered but to",
"psg_id": "337824"
},
{
"title": "Winning isn't everything; it's the only thing",
"text": "the original version of the quotation on several occasions. Its assertion about the importance of winning has been touted as a basic tenet of the American sports creed and, at the same time, identified as encapsulating what is purportedly wrong with competitive sports. This credo has served as counterpoint to the well known sentiment by sports journalist Grantland Rice that, \"it's not that you won or lost but how you played the game\", and to the modern Olympic creed expressed by its founder Pierre de Coubertin: \"The most important thing. . . is not winning but taking part\". While at",
"psg_id": "5276375"
},
{
"title": "President of the International Olympic Committee",
"text": "Games grew to become the most important sports event. De Coubertin created the modern pentathlon for the 1912 Summer Olympics. He subsequently stepped down from the IOC presidency after the 1924 Summer Olympics, which proved much more successful than the first attempt in Paris in 1900. He was succeeded as IOC President in 1925 by Belgian Henri de Baillet-Latour. De Coubertin remained Honorary President of the IOC until his death in 1937 in Geneva, Switzerland. Henri, Comte de Baillet-Latour was elected IOC President in 1925, after the founder of the modern Olympic Movement, Baron de Coubertin, stepped down from the",
"psg_id": "14307273"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin medal",
"text": "Pierre de Coubertin medal The Pierre de Coubertin medal (also known as the De Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is a special decoration awarded by the International Olympic Committee to those athletes, former athletes, sports promoters, sporting officials and others who exemplify the spirit of sportsmanship in Olympic events or through exceptional service to the Olympic movement. The medal was inaugurated in 1964 and named in honour of Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the International Olympic Committee. According to the Olympic Museum, it \"is one of the noblest honours that can be bestowed upon an Olympic",
"psg_id": "3671606"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "at Sciences Po that he came up with the idea of the Summer Olympic Games. The Pierre de Coubertin medal (also known as the Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is an award given by the International Olympic Committee to athletes who demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in the Olympic Games. Pierre de Frédy was born in Paris on 1 January 1863, into an aristocratic family. He was the fourth child of Baron Charles Louis de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin and Marie–Marcelle Gigault de Crisenoy. Family tradition held that the Frédy name had first arrived in France",
"psg_id": "337806"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "was hardly internationalized. The 1906 Summer Olympics revived the momentum, and the Olympic Games have come to be regarded as the world's foremost sports competition. Coubertin created the modern pentathlon for the 1912 Olympics, and subsequently stepped down from his IOC presidency after the 1924 Olympics in Paris, which proved much more successful than the first attempt in that city in 1900. He was succeeded as president, in 1925, by Belgian Henri de Baillet-Latour. Years later Coubertin came out of retirement to lend his prestige to assisting Berlin to land the 1936 games. In exchange, Germany nominated him for the",
"psg_id": "337836"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "the world that lies on a street named after Coubertin. There are also two schools in Montreal named after Pierre de Coubertin. He was portrayed by Louis Jourdan in the 1984 NBC miniseries, \"\". In 2007, he was inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame for his services to the sport of rugby union. This is a listing of Pierre de Coubertin's books. In addition to these, he wrote numerous articles for journals and magazines: Pierre de Coubertin Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin (; born just Pierre de Frédy; 1 January 1863 – 2 September 1937, also known",
"psg_id": "337845"
},
{
"title": "Art competitions at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "him the oldest Olympic medallist in history. The oldest Olympic medallist outside the art competitions is Swedish shooter Oscar Swahn, who won his last medal at age 72. Art competitions at the Summer Olympics Art competitions formed part of the modern Olympic Games during its early years, from 1912 to 1948. The competitions were part of the original intention of the Olympic Movement's founder, Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin. Medals were awarded for works of art inspired by sport, divided into five categories: architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture. The juried art competitions were abandoned in 1954 because artists",
"psg_id": "8016602"
},
{
"title": "Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Lausanne)",
"text": "the finish of the 20 km of Lausanne. Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Lausanne) Stade Pierre de Coubertin is an outdoor stadium of the city of Lausanne (Switzerland). It normally seats 6,000 spectators and can be expanded to seat twice that number of spectators when needed. Since 1915, the city of Lausanne is home to the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee. The venue is named for Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the Modern Olympic Games. The Stadium was notably used from 1977 to 1985 for the Athletissima, an international athletics event. It will serve as the Olympic Stadium of",
"psg_id": "18934578"
},
{
"title": "Art competitions at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "Art competitions at the Summer Olympics Art competitions formed part of the modern Olympic Games during its early years, from 1912 to 1948. The competitions were part of the original intention of the Olympic Movement's founder, Pierre de Frédy, Baron de Coubertin. Medals were awarded for works of art inspired by sport, divided into five categories: architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture. The juried art competitions were abandoned in 1954 because artists were considered to be professionals, while Olympic athletes were required to be amateurs. Since 1956, the Olympic cultural programme has taken their place. With the founding of the",
"psg_id": "8016585"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "was reached and the King did not mention him at all during the banquet held in honour of foreign athletes during the 1896 Games. Coubertin took over the IOC presidency when Demetrius Vikelas stepped down after the Olympics in his own country. Despite the initial success, the Olympic Movement faced hard times, as the 1900 (in De Coubertin's own Paris) and 1904 Games were both swallowed by World's Fairs in the same cities, and received little attention. The Paris Games were not organised by Coubertin or the IOC nor were they called Olympics at that time. The St. Louis Games",
"psg_id": "337835"
},
{
"title": "1912 Summer Olympics",
"text": "the 1908 Olympics with another for Denmark. The 1912 Summer Olympics saw the introduction of art competitions at the Summer Olympics. Events were implemented for literature, sculpture, painting, architecture and music. Walter Winans won the gold medal for his sculpture, \"An American Trotter\", which added to his previous gold medal for the running deer (double shot) competition at the 1908 Olympics and the silver medal in the running deer competition in 1912. Baron Pierre de Coubertin, President of the IOC and founder of the modern Olympic movement, won the gold medal for literature. He actually entered the competition under the",
"psg_id": "1523513"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "Nobel Peace Prize. The 1935 winner, however, was the anti-Nazi Carl von Ossietzky. Coubertin won the gold medal for literature at the 1912 Summer Olympics for his poem \"Ode to Sport\". In 1911, Pierre de Coubertin founded the inter-religious Scouting organisation aka \"Éclaireurs Français\" (EF) in France, which later merged to form the Éclaireuses et Éclaireurs de France. In 1895 Pierre de Coubertin had married Marie Rothan, the daughter of family friends. Their son Jacques (1896–1952) became ill after being in the sun too long when he was a little child. Their daughter Renée (1902–1968) suffered emotional disturbances and never",
"psg_id": "337837"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "Games, the creation of a festival of international athleticism. He was the referee of the first ever French championship rugby union final on 20 March 1892, between Racing Club de France and Stade Français. Coubertin is the instigator of the modern Olympic movement, a man whose vision and political skill led to the revival of the Olympic Games which had been practised in antiquity. Coubertin idealized the Olympic Games as the ultimate ancient athletic competition. Thomas Arnold, the Head Master of Rugby School, was an important influence on Coubertin's thoughts about education, but his meetings with William Penny Brookes also",
"psg_id": "337817"
},
{
"title": "Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne",
"text": "in the Games. It was considered to be the climax, with the winner ranked as \"Victor Ludorum\". Admiration for the Ancient Pentathlon was fully shared by the founder of the Modern Olympics, Baron Pierre de Coubertin and from 1909 he tried to have the event re-introduced into the Olympic programme. Pentathlon's moment came two years later at the 14th session of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in Budapest (HUN) when, as the Baron stated: \"the Holy Ghost of sport illuminated my colleagues and they accepted a competition to which I attach great importance\". Modern Pentathlon was introduced at the 5th",
"psg_id": "12729292"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "that he had in fact given an interview in which he suggested he did not want Germans to participate. Coubertin later denied this. The Olympic motto \"Citius, Altius, Fortius\" (Faster, Higher, Stronger) was proposed by Coubertin in 1894 and has been official since 1924. The motto was coined by Henri Didon OP, a friend of Coubertin, for a Paris youth gathering of 1891. The Pierre de Coubertin medal (also known as the Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal) is an award given by the International Olympic Committee to those athletes that demonstrate the spirit of sportsmanship in",
"psg_id": "337843"
},
{
"title": "Art competitions at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, and the celebration of the first modern Olympic Games, French Baron Pierre de Coubertin saw the fulfillment of his ideals—men being educated in both mind and body, and competing in sport rather than war. One of his other desires was to combine both art and sport, and he thus considered including artistic competition in the Olympic Games. In May 1906, Baron de Coubertin organised a meeting in Paris for both IOC members and representatives of artists' organisations. The meeting ended with a proposal to the IOC to organise artistic competitions at the Olympic Games",
"psg_id": "8016586"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "Greek participant, Demetrius Vikelas, was appointed to head the commission on the Olympics, and would later become the first President of the International Olympic Committee. Along with Coubertin, C. Herbert of Britain's Amateur Athletic Association and W.M. Sloane of the United States helped lead the efforts of the commission. In its report, the commission proposed that Olympic Games be held every four years and that the program for the Games be one of modern rather than ancient sports. They also set the date and location for the first modern Olympic Games, the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, and the",
"psg_id": "337830"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "be held outside of Greece. But while others had created Olympic contests within their countries, and broached the idea of international competition, it was Coubertin whose work would lead to the establishment of the International Olympic Committee and the organisation of the first modern Olympic Games. In 1888, Coubertin founded the Comité pour la Propagation des Exercises Physiques more well known as the Comité Jules Simon. Coubertin's earliest reference to the modern notion of Olympic Games criticizes the idea. The idea for reviving the Olympic Games as an international competition came to Coubertin in 1889, apparently independently of Brookes, and",
"psg_id": "337820"
},
{
"title": "Modern pentathlon",
"text": "again as one of the 25 core sports of the Olympic program through to 2020. The governing body, Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM), administers the international sport in more than 90 countries in all the continents of the world. The foundation of the modern pentathlon is disputed. On the one hand, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic Games, claimed authorship. On the other hand, Viktor Balck, the President of the Organizing Committee for the 1912 Games, showed that he made use of the long tradition of Swedish military multi-sports events, to create a manageable modern",
"psg_id": "633830"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "second, the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris. Coubertin had originally opposed the choice of Greece, as he had concerns about the ability of a weakened Greek state to host the competition, but was convinced by Vikelas to support the idea. The commission's proposals were accepted unanimously by the congress, and the modern Olympic movement was officially born. The proposals of the other commission, on amateurism, were more contentious, but this commission also set important precedents for the Olympic Games, specifically the use of heats to narrow participants and the banning of prize money in most contests. Following the Congress, the",
"psg_id": "337831"
},
{
"title": "Call of the Champions",
"text": "and 1996's \"Summon the Heroes.\" Call of the Champions Call of the Champions is a fanfare for orchestra and choir composed by John Williams for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Premiering at the Opening Ceremony on February 8, 2002, it began with the call by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir of \"Citius! Altius! Fortius!\" (Faster, Higher, Stronger), which is the Olympic Motto chosen by the founder of the modern Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The recording of this theme heard during the 2002 Winter Games was made November 27, 2001 in Maurice Abravanel Hall in Salt Lake",
"psg_id": "5252736"
},
{
"title": "Call of the Champions",
"text": "Call of the Champions Call of the Champions is a fanfare for orchestra and choir composed by John Williams for the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Premiering at the Opening Ceremony on February 8, 2002, it began with the call by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir of \"Citius! Altius! Fortius!\" (Faster, Higher, Stronger), which is the Olympic Motto chosen by the founder of the modern Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The recording of this theme heard during the 2002 Winter Games was made November 27, 2001 in Maurice Abravanel Hall in Salt Lake City, with the composer conducting",
"psg_id": "5252733"
},
{
"title": "Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris)",
"text": "Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris) The Stade Pierre de Coubertin (French: Pierre de Coubertin Stadium) is an indoor arena in Paris, France. It is the home venue of the Paris-Levallois Basket basketball team and the Open Gaz de France women's tennis tournament. The Stade Pierre de Coubertin opened in 1937 for the Universal Exposition; it was rebuilt after the Second World War in 1946. Currently the arena has a capacity of 4,836 seats. In addition to being the home of the Paris BR, the Stade Pierre de Coubertin each year hosts 2 fencing Grand Prix: Challenge International de Paris (in",
"psg_id": "5234082"
},
{
"title": "Concerns and controversies at the 2010 Winter Olympics",
"text": "luge athlete from Georgia who died on the opening day of the 2010 Winter Olympic Games. Several of the country's former Olympians have criticized the program as unsportsmanlike, while others note that program organizers seem oblivious to principles of good sportsmanship enshrined by the founder of the modern Olympics, Pierre de Coubertin. It has been typical in past Olympics for the host nation to allow foreign athletes to train on the courses for a certain amount of time (e.g. the USA allowed Canadian athletes to train in Salt Lake in 2002). The amount of time provided to foreign athletes for",
"psg_id": "14303882"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "the revival of the Olympic Games was recognised in Britain at the time, Coubertin in his later writings largely neglected to mention the role the Englishman played in their development. He did mention the roles of Evangelis Zappas and his cousin Konstantinos Zappas, but drew a distinction between their founding of athletic Olympics and his own role in the creation of an international contest. However, Coubertin together with A. Mercatis, a close friend of Konstantinos, encouraged the Greek government to utilise part of Konstantinos' legacy to fund the 1896 Athens Olympic Games separately and in addition to the legacy of",
"psg_id": "337822"
},
{
"title": "1908 Summer Olympics",
"text": "1908 Summer Olympics The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, United Kingdom from 27 April to 31 October 1908. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome, but were re-located on financial grounds following a disastrous eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906. They were the fourth chronological modern Olympic Games in keeping with the now-accepted four-year cycle as opposed to the alternate four-year cycle of the proposed Intercalated Games. The IOC president for these Games was Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Lasting a",
"psg_id": "1528187"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "the Olympic Games. This medal is considered by many athletes and spectators to be the highest award that an Olympic athlete can receive, even greater than a gold medal. The International Olympic Committee considers it as its highest honour. A minor planet, 2190 Coubertin, was discovered in 1976 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh and is named in his honour. The street where the Olympic Stadium in Montreal is located (which hosted the 1976 Summer Olympic Games) was named after Pierre de Coubertin, giving the stadium the address 4549 Pierre de Coubertin Avenue. It is the only Olympic Stadium in",
"psg_id": "337844"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "to participate after rumours spread that Coubertin had sworn to keep Germany out, but following a letter to the Kaiser denying the accusation, the German National Olympic Committee decided to attend. Coubertin himself was frustrated by the Greeks, who increasingly ignored him in their planning and who wanted to continue to hold the Games in Athens every four years, against de Coubertin's wishes. The conflict was resolved after he suggested to the King of Greece that he hold pan-Hellenic games in between Olympiads, an idea which the King accepted, although Coubertin would receive some angry correspondence even after the compromise",
"psg_id": "337834"
},
{
"title": "Marathons at the Olympics",
"text": "Marathons at the Olympics The marathon at the Summer Olympics is the only road running event held at the multi-sport event. The men's marathon has been present on the Olympic athletics programme since 1896. Nearly ninety years later, the women's event was added to the programme at the 1984 Olympics. The modern marathon event was created and later refined through the Olympic competition. The idea of holding a marathon race at the first Olympics was suggested to Pierre de Coubertin by Michel Bréal. Based upon a popular myth stemming from the Battle of Marathon, in which Pheidippides ran to Athens",
"psg_id": "17915177"
},
{
"title": "Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris)",
"text": "January) and Challenge Monal (in February); and a women's tennis tournament: Open Gaz de France (in February). The stadium was used as a detention centre during the Paris massacre of 1961. Stade Pierre de Coubertin (Paris) The Stade Pierre de Coubertin (French: Pierre de Coubertin Stadium) is an indoor arena in Paris, France. It is the home venue of the Paris-Levallois Basket basketball team and the Open Gaz de France women's tennis tournament. The Stade Pierre de Coubertin opened in 1937 for the Universal Exposition; it was rebuilt after the Second World War in 1946. Currently the arena has a",
"psg_id": "5234083"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin medal",
"text": "athlete.\" Some news media reported on 22 August 2016 that Nikki Hamblin and Abbey D'Agostino had received the medal after colliding with each other on the track during the 5000m event and assisting each other to continue the race. The New Zealand Olympic Committee said that no such award had yet been made, and \"The Guardian\" later corrected their report confirming \"the award was the International Fair Play Committee Award rather than the Pierre de Coubertin award.\" Pierre de Coubertin medal The Pierre de Coubertin medal (also known as the De Coubertin medal or the True Spirit of Sportsmanship medal)",
"psg_id": "3671607"
},
{
"title": "Japan at the 1912 Summer Olympics",
"text": "Japan at the 1912 Summer Olympics The Empire of Japan competed at the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. When Pierre de Coubertin formulated the modern Olympic Games, it was his intent for the games to be global in scale. However, no athletes from any Asian nation participated in the first four games, which was a cause for great concern. Kristian Hellström of the Swedish Olympic Committee wrote to the government of Japan to ask if they were going to send teams to the 1912 Olympics. The Japanese government did not",
"psg_id": "9013725"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "two silvers (in 1920 and 1924). Shortly after the 1924 games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) dropped rugby union as an Olympic sport. Since then there have been numerous attempts to bring the sport back to the Olympic programme. In October 2009 the IOC voted at its session in Copenhagen to include the sevens version of the sport in the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro. The event made its debut in an Olympic programme at the 2014 Summer Youth Olympics. The sport was introduced by Pierre de Coubertin, who is famous for reviving the modern Olympics. He also",
"psg_id": "3370426"
},
{
"title": "What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?",
"text": "of which was good and some bad. The king set riddles to them: whoever guessed the riddles would get good land. The first riddle was what was the fastest thing in the world. The stupid brother's daughter told him what to say; his brother guessed a bird or a horse, and the stupid brother said the mind. The second riddle was what was the heaviest thing in the world; the clever brother guessed stone or iron, and the stupid brother repeated his daughter's answer: fire because no one could lift it. The third was what was the most important thing",
"psg_id": "9686492"
},
{
"title": "President of the Organising Committee for the Olympic Games",
"text": "2001. Pierre de Coubertin who headed the organizing committees for the 1900 and 1924 Summer Olympics as well as the 1924 Winter Olympics was the founder of the modern Olympic movement and International Olympic Committee. He served as President of the International Olympic Committee from 1896 to 1925. Peter Ueberroth who headed the organizing committee for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles went on to serve as the Commissioner of Baseball from 1984 to 1989. Sebastian Coe who headed the organizing committee for the 2012 Summer Olympics in London is now serving as the President of the International Association",
"psg_id": "16423564"
},
{
"title": "What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)",
"text": "What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", as a satire of an article in \"Playboy\" called \"Girls of the Slime God\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but Asimov later retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" According to Asimov, in \"1938-39 ... for some half a",
"psg_id": "9229786"
},
{
"title": "United States at the Olympics",
"text": "basis. As a result, the Olympics has shifted away from pure amateurism, as envisioned by Pierre de Coubertin, to allowing participation of professional athletes. United States at the Olympics The United States of America has sent athletes to every celebration of the modern Olympic Games with the exception of the 1980 Summer Olympics, during which it led a boycott. The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) is the National Olympic Committee for the United States. From 1896 to 2018 inclusive, U.S. athletes have won a total of 2,522 medals (1,022 of them gold) at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any",
"psg_id": "5392251"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "silver for France, and bronze for Romania. Rare vintage footage of the 1924 Gold Medal match was included in the rugby documentary, A Giant Awakens: the Rise of American Rugby. The pitch invasion at the 1924 Paris Olympics had given rugby a poor image and this, together with the problems of attracting sufficient teams to make it a viable sport and the desire to include more individual and women's events, spelled the death knell for rugby at the Olympics. Baron Pierre De Coubertin stepped down as head of the Olympic Movement after 1925 and with his departure the sport lost",
"psg_id": "3370436"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "cause was quickly won. Playing fields sprang up all over England\". Intrigued by what he had read about English public schools, in 1883, at the age of twenty, Fredy went to Rugby and to other English schools to see for himself. He described the results in a book, \"L'Education en Angleterre\", which was published in Paris in 1888. This hero of his book is Thomas Arnold, and on his second visit in 1886, Coubertin reflected on Arnold's influence in the chapel at Rugby School. What Coubertin saw on the playing fields of Rugby and the other English schools he visited",
"psg_id": "337813"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "the Athenian idea of the gymnasium, a training facility that simultaneously encouraged physical and intellectual development. He saw in these gymnasia what he called a triple unity between old and young, between disciplines, and between different types of people, meaning between those whose work was theoretical and those whose work was practical. Coubertin advocated for these concepts, this triple unity, to be incorporated into schools. But while Coubertin was certainly a romantic, and while his idealised vision of ancient Greece would lead him later to the idea of reviving the Olympic Games, his advocacy for physical education was based on",
"psg_id": "337815"
},
{
"title": "What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?",
"text": "What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? is a Greek fairy tale collected by Georgios A. Megas in \"Folktales of Greece\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 875 and has many Greek and Slavic variants, generally revolving about the exchange of clever answers. This type of tale is the commonest European tale dealing with witty exchanges. In ballad form, the clever answers to the riddles, and the winning of a husband by them, are found in Child ballad 1, \"Riddles Wisely Expounded\". A brother argue over how they should split their land, some",
"psg_id": "9686491"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "married. Marie and Pierre tried to console themselves with two nephews, but they were killed at the front in World War I. Coubertin died of a heart attack in Geneva, Switzerland on 2 September 1937. Marie died in 1963. Pierre was the last person to the family name. In the words of his biographer John MacAloon, \"The last of his lineage, Pierre de Coubertin was the only member of it whose fame would outlive him.\" A number of scholars have criticized Coubertin's legacy. David C. Young believes that Coubertin's assertion that ancient Olympic athletes were amateurs was incorrect. The issue",
"psg_id": "337838"
},
{
"title": "Louisiana Purchase Exposition",
"text": "many European athletes did not come, nor did modern Olympics founder Baron Pierre de Coubertin. On June 5, 1904, a bullfight scheduled for an arena just north of the fairgrounds, in conjunction with the fair, turned violent when Missouri governor Alexander Monroe Dockery ordered police to halt the fight in light of Missouri's anti-bullfighting laws. Disgruntled spectators demanded refunds, and when they were turned away, they began throwing stones through the windows of the arena office. While police protected the office, they did not have sufficient numbers to protect the arena, which was burned to the ground by the mob.",
"psg_id": "605394"
},
{
"title": "The Genesis According to Spiritism",
"text": "spirits were (and are) created and to what purpose. Explains why the tale of the creation found in the Book of Genesis is contradicted by science. The second part explains what a miracle is and discusses under which conditions it should happen. After describing what a miracle should be (both according to the popular conception and the theology of Christianity, Kardec argues (with the Spirits on his side) that such a thing does not and cannot exist: Regarding miraculous cures, Kardec wisely states that these, if frequent enough, would have been a hindrance to the development of mankind. If people",
"psg_id": "6380116"
},
{
"title": "Skijoring at the 1928 Winter Olympics",
"text": "method of transportation for military dispatches. It was included on the program of the Nordic Games in 1901, 1905, and 1909. Pierre de Coubertin, founder of the modern Olympic Games, and media outlets like \"The Times\" admired the sport after its inclusion in the Nordic Games, and contributed to the brief popularization which led to its inclusion as a demonstration sport in the Games. Coubertin in particular, in his report on the 1901 Nordic Games in the publication \"Revue Olympique\", expressed interest in incorporating such winter sports into the Olympic Games, and mentioned skijoring in particular as being of interest.",
"psg_id": "13983442"
},
{
"title": "Peter Ueberroth",
"text": "was born on the day on which the founder of the modern Olympic Games, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, died. Ueberroth created a committee of over 150 members (mostly business people and entrepreneurs) to generate ideas, opportunities and solve problems. His aggressive recruiting of sponsors for the 1984 Olympics is credited as the genesis for the current Olympic sponsorship program. Due to recruiting competitors between the Los Angeles Olympic Committee and the United States Olympic Committee (USOC), after 1984 all Olympics in the US had their local organizing committees enter into recruitment agreements with the USOC to jointly recruit sponsors and",
"psg_id": "2014249"
},
{
"title": "1900 Summer Olympics",
"text": "was also the only Olympic Games in history to use live animals (pigeons) as targets during the shooting event. The 1900 Games were held as part of the 1900 Exposition Universelle. The Baron de Coubertin believed that this would help public awareness of the Olympics and submitted elaborate plans to rebuild the ancient site of Olympia, complete with statues, temples, stadia and gymnasia. The director of the Exposition Universelle, Alfred Picard, thought holding an ancient sport event at the Exposition Universelle was an \"absurd anachronism\". After thanking de Coubertin for his plans, Picard filed them away and nothing more came",
"psg_id": "1464207"
},
{
"title": "William Penny Brookes",
"text": "Wenlock in 1831. His lifelong campaign to get Physical Education on the school curriculum brought him into contact with Baron Pierre de Coubertin. In 1890, the young French aristocrat visited Much Wenlock and stayed with Dr Brookes at his lifelong home in Wilmore Street. The Society staged a Games especially for the Baron and, inspired by the event and his discussions with Brookes, Coubertin wrote: \"If the Olympic Games that Modern Greece has not yet been able to revive still survives there today, it is due, not to a Greek, but to Dr W P Brookes\". Coubertin went on to",
"psg_id": "11619850"
},
{
"title": "Zappas Olympics",
"text": "ideas that Dr Brookes used within the Wenlock Olympian Games were subsequently adopted by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who was familiarized with them in a visit to Wenlock in 1890. Zappas' legacy to the revival of the Olympic Games, alongside Soustos, Brookes and later Coubertin, was significant. In addition, the Panathenaic stadium, which was refurbished with his funding, went on to host events in the 1896, 1906 and 2004 IOC Olympics, while the Zappeion hosted fencing events in 1896, was the site of the first Olympic Village in 1906 (hosting the Hungarian Olympic team), and used as the media center",
"psg_id": "13800626"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "monthly magazine \"La Revue Athletique\", the first French periodical devoted exclusively to athletics and modelled on \"The Athlete\", an English journal established around 1862. Formed by seven sporting societies with approximately 800 members, by 1892 the association had expanded to 62 societies with 7,000 members. That November, at the annual meeting of the USFSA, Coubertin first publicly suggested the idea of reviving the Olympics. His speech met general applause, but little commitment to the Olympic ideal he was advocating for, perhaps because sporting associations and their members tended to focus on their own area of expertise and had little identity",
"psg_id": "337827"
},
{
"title": "Bouclier de Brennus",
"text": "Bouclier de Brennus The Bouclier de Brennus, or Brennus Shield in English, is a trophy awarded to the winners of the French rugby union domestic league. The shield was not named, as it is often believed, after the famous Gallic warrior Brennus but rather artist Charles Brennus, co-founder of the \"Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques\" (USFSA), the original governing body of rugby union in France. Charles Brennus sculpted the shield himself in 1892, based on an original design from his friend and fellow USFSA co-founder Pierre de Coubertin, the man who founded the modern Olympic Games. The trophy",
"psg_id": "8328744"
},
{
"title": "Japan at the 1912 Summer Olympics",
"text": "in Sweden. Finally notified, Kanakuri finished the marathon more than 54 years after he started, with an unofficial score measured to the same tenths of a second standard as used for other runners at the 1912 marathon (54 y, 8 m, 6 d, 8:32:20.3). Ranks given are within that athlete's heat for running events. Japan at the 1912 Summer Olympics The Empire of Japan competed at the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden. When Pierre de Coubertin formulated the modern Olympic Games, it was his intent for the games to be",
"psg_id": "9013728"
},
{
"title": "Canada at the Olympics",
"text": "Winter Olympics and two more gold medals in 2018 Winter Olympics, making them the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history. Although not an Olympian, broadcaster Richard Garneau covered 23 Olympic Games, more than any other journalist in the world, starting with Rome in 1960 to London in 2012, missing only the Atlanta and Nagano Games. The International Olympic Committee awarded him posthumously the Pierre de Coubertin medal in recognition of his exceptional service to the Olympic movement. Canada at the Olympics Canada has sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games and almost every Summer Olympic Games since its debut",
"psg_id": "10978675"
},
{
"title": "What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?",
"text": "owner. She called out which was the rightful owner, and the king said she had meddled and must go home. She asked him to eat one last meal with her, and then she drugged it. When he was asleep, she put him in the carriage and went home. When the king woke, she told him she was entitled to him, because she valued him most of everything in the castle. The king took her back to the castle and gave her the right to judge all his affairs. What Is the Fastest Thing in the World? What Is the Fastest",
"psg_id": "9686494"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "otherwise have been earning money. Following the establishment of a definition for an amateur athlete at the 1894 Congress, he would continue to argue that this definition should be amended as necessary, and as late as 1909 would argue that the Olympic movement should develop its definition of amateurism gradually. Along with the development of an Olympic philosophy, Coubertin invested time in the creation and development of a national association to coordinate athletics in France, the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques (USFSA). In 1889, French athletics associations had grouped together for the first time and Coubertin founded a",
"psg_id": "337826"
},
{
"title": "1904 Summer Olympics",
"text": "Chicago OCOG that its own international sports events intended to eclipse the Olympic Games unless they were moved to St. Louis. Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the modern Olympic movement, stepped in and awarded the Games to St. Louis. The St. Louis organizers treated the Games in a manner similar to the 1900 Summer Olympics, with competitions reduced to a side-show of the World's Fair and overshadowed by other, more popular cultural exhibits. David R. Francis, the President of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, declined to invite anybody else to open the Games and on July 1 did so himself",
"psg_id": "1534946"
},
{
"title": "Sport",
"text": "defeat. Sportsmanship expresses an aspiration or ethos that the activity will be enjoyed for its own sake. The well-known sentiment by sports journalist Grantland Rice, that it's \"not that you won or lost but how you played the game\", and the modern Olympic creed expressed by its founder Pierre de Coubertin: \"The most important thing... is not winning but taking part\" are typical expressions of this sentiment. Key principles of sport include that the result should not be predetermined, and that both sides should have equal opportunity to win. Rules are in place to ensure fair play, but participants can",
"psg_id": "14182319"
},
{
"title": "What Is the What",
"text": "writes: \"Over the course of many years, Dave and I have collaborated to tell my story... I told [him] what I knew and what I could remember, and from that material he created this work of art.\" The book is typical of Eggers' style: blending non-fictional and fictional elements into a non-fiction novel or memoir. By classifying the book a novel, Eggers says, he freed himself to re-create conversations, streamline complex relationships, add relevant detail and manipulate time and space in helpful ways—all while maintaining the essential truthfulness of the storytelling. However, not all critics were impressed. Lee Siegel sees",
"psg_id": "9406942"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "from the working classes. Coubertin may have played a role in such a movement, but his defenders argue that he did so unconscious of any class repercussions. However, it is clear that his romanticized vision of the Olympic Games was fundamentally different from that described in the historical record. For example, Coubertin's idea that participation is more important than winning (\"L'important c'est de participer\") is at odds with the ideals of the Greeks. The Apostle Paul, writing in the first century to Christians in the city of Corinth where the Isthmian Games were held, reflects this in his writings when",
"psg_id": "337840"
},
{
"title": "Love Is the Sweetest Thing",
"text": "Love Is the Sweetest Thing \"Love Is the Sweetest Thing\" is a popular song written in 1932 by British band leader and singer Ray Noble. Using guest vocalist Al Bowlly, Noble's recording was a big hit on both sides of the Atlantic, bringing Noble his first American success. It was published by Redwood Music. Like most compositions published in the period (commonly called Tin Pan Alley songs), its main refrain (in thirty-two bar A-A-B-A form) is preceded with what were then called \"sectional verses\" or \"introductory verses\" which are usually omitted from early recordings and modern performances. The following artists,",
"psg_id": "18108614"
},
{
"title": "The Conquering Power",
"text": "he keeps his gold. He starts hallucinating and is eventually killed after becoming frantic. Eugenie is now left an extremely wealthy young lady, which only intensifies the pressure put on her by two competing families to marry one of the suitors. She announces her engagement, but shortly after is reunited with Charles. A review from \"Photoplay\" claims that \"The thoughtfully worked out characterizations and the general atmosphere are not only faithful to Balzac but go to make absorbing and valuable entertainment.\" The Conquering Power The Conquering Power (1921) is an American silent romantic drama directed by Rex Ingram and starring",
"psg_id": "8288631"
},
{
"title": "Modern pentathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics",
"text": "Modern pentathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics The modern pentathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 19 to 20 August 2016 at Deodoro Aquatics Centre, Deodoro Stadium and Youth Arena. Thirty-six athletes competed each in the men's and women's events. Initially the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) proposed that all five events be staged in the same arena. While this did not eventuate, all venues were within approximately of each other. Modern pentathlon contained five events; pistol shooting, épée fencing, freestyle swimming, show jumping, and a cross-country run. The first three events (fencing,",
"psg_id": "16735794"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "is thought to have exaggerated the importance of sport to Thomas Arnold, whom he viewed as \"one of the founders of athletic chivalry\". The character-reforming influence of sport with which Coubertin was so impressed is more likely to have originated in the novel \"Tom Brown's School Days\" rather than exclusively in the ideas of Arnold himself. Nonetheless, Coubertin was an enthusiast in need of a cause and he found it in England and in Thomas Arnold. \"Thomas Arnold, the leader and classic model of English educators,\" wrote Coubertin, \"gave the precise formula for the role of athletics in education. The",
"psg_id": "337812"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "in France: France's defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, the Paris Commune, and the establishment of the French Third Republic, and later the Dreyfus affair. But while these events were the setting of his childhood, his school experiences were just as formative. In October 1874, his parents enrolled him in a new Jesuit school called \"Externat de la rue de Vienne\", which was still under construction for his first five years there. While many of the school's attendees were day students, Coubertin boarded at the school under the supervision of a Jesuit priest, which his parents hoped would instill him with",
"psg_id": "337809"
},
{
"title": "Modern Pentathlon Association Great Britain",
"text": "numerous team successes, the most notable being in 1982 when the British team of Wendy Norman, Sarah Parker and Kathy Tayler came 1st, 2nd and 3rd individually. See <br> See Modern Pentathlon Association Great Britain The Modern Pentathlon Association Great Britain is the national governing body for the sport of modern pentathlon in Great Britain, recognised by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne. Modern Pentathlon, the sport Baron Pierre de Coubertin called ‘the veritable consecration of the complete athlete’ comprises five events: fencing, swimming, riding, shooting and running. Today’s competition involves fencing épée for a single hit against each of",
"psg_id": "16450896"
},
{
"title": "Modern Pentathlon Association Great Britain",
"text": "Modern Pentathlon Association Great Britain The Modern Pentathlon Association Great Britain is the national governing body for the sport of modern pentathlon in Great Britain, recognised by the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne. Modern Pentathlon, the sport Baron Pierre de Coubertin called ‘the veritable consecration of the complete athlete’ comprises five events: fencing, swimming, riding, shooting and running. Today’s competition involves fencing épée for a single hit against each of the other competitors; swimming 200 metres freestyle; riding an unknown horse round a show-jumping course, and then running four 800 metre laps each preceded by shooting at five targets with",
"psg_id": "16450889"
},
{
"title": "Founder effect",
"text": "of modern humans. After the initial migration from Africa, the Indian subcontinent was the first major settling point for modern humans. Consequently, India has the second-highest genetic diversity in the world. In general, the genetic diversity of the Indian subcontinent is a subset of Africa, and the genetic diversity outside Africa is a subset of India. Founder populations are essential to the study of island biogeography and island ecology. A natural \"blank slate\" is not easily found, but a classic series of studies on founder population effects was done following the catastrophic 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, which erased all life",
"psg_id": "2384061"
},
{
"title": "What Is This Thing Called Love?",
"text": "What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \"Wake Up and Dream\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, \"What Is This Thing Called",
"psg_id": "4434716"
},
{
"title": "Art competitions at the Summer Olympics",
"text": "in five areas (architecture, literature, music, painting, and sculpture). The works of art entered had to be inspired by sports. Preparations were underway to hold such competitions at the 1908 Summer Olympics, which were scheduled for Rome, Italy. But the Italian organisers were faced with financial troubles and were forced to halt preparations, and the IOC awarded the organisation to London in 1907. The British organisers planned to hold the art competitions, but because of the short preparation time, they were cancelled. The organisers felt that artists would not have enough time to send in their works. Pierre de Coubertin",
"psg_id": "8016587"
},
{
"title": "What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)",
"text": "other, and wind up engaging in reproductive activities after all. What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story) \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a science fiction short story by Isaac Asimov. The story was requested by Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", as a satire of an article in \"Playboy\" called \"Girls of the Slime God\" which had suggested that pulp science fiction stories were concerned with aliens and sex. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but Asimov later retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\"",
"psg_id": "9229790"
},
{
"title": "Modern pentathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics",
"text": "means, were awarded a place at the 2016 UIPM World Championships in Moscow, Russia, while the remaining seven were based on the pentathlon's world rankings as of June 1, 2016. Modern pentathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics The modern pentathlon at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro took place from 19 to 20 August 2016 at Deodoro Aquatics Centre, Deodoro Stadium and Youth Arena. Thirty-six athletes competed each in the men's and women's events. Initially the Union Internationale de Pentathlon Moderne (UIPM) proposed that all five events be staged in the same arena. While this did not eventuate,",
"psg_id": "16735800"
},
{
"title": "President of the International Olympic Committee",
"text": "for a term of eight years, renewable once for another four years, so would expect to lead the organization of at least two Summer Olympic Games and two Winter Olympic Games. If reelected, the President is expected to lead through three of each season Olympics. The Baron de Coubertin had already attempted to restart the Olympic Games at the congress for the fifth anniversary of the Union des Sociétés Françaises de Sports Athlétiques in 1892. While he may have raised the enthusiasm of the public, he did not manage to establish a proper commitment. He decided to reiterate his efforts",
"psg_id": "14307269"
},
{
"title": "Alice Milliat",
"text": "change the name of their event in exchange for adding 10 women's events to the 1928 Olympics. Baron Pierre De Coubertin, widely known as the man to reintroduce the Olympic Games to the modern world, was among one of the most vocal opponents to women's participation in the games As such, the next edition of the event, held in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1926, was termed the Women's World Games. Ten teams took part in this edition of the Games. The Olympic Games and de Coubertin, due to pressure from the FSFI, eventually integrated five women's track and field events into",
"psg_id": "9821245"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "a strong moral and religious education. There, he was among the top three students in his class, and was an officer of the school's elite academy made up of its best and brightest. This suggests that despite his rebelliousness at home, Coubertin adapted well to the strict rigors of a Jesuit education. As an aristocrat, Coubertin had a number of career paths from which to choose, including potentially prominent roles in the military or politics. But he chose instead to pursue a career as an intellectual, studying and later writing on a broad range of topics, including education, history, literature",
"psg_id": "337810"
},
{
"title": "Enter: The Conquering Chicken",
"text": "Enter: The Conquering Chicken Enter: The Conquering Chicken is The Gits' second full-length album, recorded in 1993 and released posthumously in 1994 on C/Z Records. Lead singer and songwriter Mia Zapata was raped and strangled to death in July, 1993 during production of this record. The remainder of the band completed the album with what they had finished so far and disbanded shortly thereafter. \"Enter: The Conquering Chicken\" shows Mia Zapata pushing the blues influences that informed her vocal style to the forefront more directly than on \"Frenching the Bully\", with songs like \"A Change Is Gonna Come\" (a recontextualized",
"psg_id": "8036177"
},
{
"title": "The Passion According to G.H.",
"text": "de Janeiro penthouse, reminisces on what happened to her the previous day, when she decided to clean out the room occupied by the maid, who had just quit. \"Before I entered the room, what was I?\" G.H. asks. \"I was what others had always seen me be, and that was the way I knew myself.\" In the maid's room, G.H. expects chaos. Instead, to her shock, she finds a desert; \"an entirely clean and vibrating room as in an insane asylum from which dangerous objects have been removed\". Only one thing disturbs the room's perfect order: black carbon scratches on",
"psg_id": "7756748"
},
{
"title": "Red Sport International",
"text": "a \"split organization, living in two universes,\" bureaucratic in political discourse but remaining well within the less intense social democratic workers' sports tradition at the individual club level. In this view politics was merely a piece of a broader participatory sports movement. The international workers' sports organizations of the socialist and communist movements did not necessarily object to some of the most noble goals of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), but they did each share fundamental reservations about the modern Olympic games that were the inspiration of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a hereditary French nobleman. First and foremost, the Olympics",
"psg_id": "12213245"
},
{
"title": "Michel Bréal",
"text": "this event on the programme of the first modern Olympics in Athens in 1896 to his friend Pierre de Coubertin. The event was to commemorate the Greek soldier Pheidippides who, according to several legends, ran from the Battle of Marathon to either Athens or Sparta. Michel Bréal Michel Jules Alfred Bréal (; 26 March 183225 November 1915), French philologist, was born at Landau in Rhenish Palatinate. He is often identified as a founder of modern semantics. After studying at Wissembourg, Metz and Paris, he entered the École Normale Supérieure in 1852. In 1857 he went to Berlin, where he studied",
"psg_id": "1856132"
},
{
"title": "Pierre de Coubertin",
"text": "protest of the rise to power of Louis Napoleon. His paintings often centred on themes related to the Roman Catholic Church, classicism, and nobility, which reflected those things he thought most important. In a later semi-fictional autobiographical piece called \"Le Roman d'un rallié\", Coubertin describes his relationship with both his mother and his father as having been somewhat strained during his childhood and adolescence. His memoirs elaborated further, describing as a pivotal moment his disappointment upon meeting Henri, Count of Chambord, whom the elder Coubertin believed to be the rightful king. Coubertin grew up in a time of profound change",
"psg_id": "337808"
},
{
"title": "Roald Bradstock",
"text": "each of the 15 sports at the Winter Olympic Games. When the paintings were arranged in 3 rows of 5 they created a larger painting revealing the Olympic rings. A total of 111 Olympians from 39 countries took part in creating the painting(s) including such notable Olympians as IOC President Thomas Bach, World Olympians Association (WOA) President Joel Bouzou and HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco. It should also be noted that Diane and Alexandra de Navacelle de Coubertin, family members of the founder of the modern Olympic Games - Baron Pierre de Coubertin - also helped with this historic",
"psg_id": "12838805"
},
{
"title": "The Thing That Counts Is What's Inside",
"text": "The Thing That Counts Is What's Inside \"The Thing That Counts Is What's Inside\" is the 138th episode of the ABC television series, \"Desperate Housewives\". It is the fourth episode of the show's seventh season and was broadcast on October 17, 2010. Carlos and Gaby meet the family who raised their biological daughter Grace. Their personalities and looks are astonishingly similar. Both families agree not to tell the girls about what happened and agree on making monthly family visits. We see that Grace is very well taught on how to behave, but Juanita is not. Grace falls in love with",
"psg_id": "14940349"
},
{
"title": "The Conquering Power",
"text": "The Conquering Power The Conquering Power (1921) is an American silent romantic drama directed by Rex Ingram and starring Rudolph Valentino, Alice Terry, and Ralph Lewis. The film was based on the novel \"Eugénie Grandet\" by Honoré de Balzac. Its sets were designed by Ralph Barton. After the death of his father, young dandy Charles Grandet (Rudolph Valentino) is taken under the care of his uncle, Monsieur Grandet (Ralph Lewis). The miserly Grandet, despite being the wealthiest man in his province, forces his family to live in poverty and schemes to cheat his nephew out of his inheritance from his",
"psg_id": "8288629"
},
{
"title": "What a Terrible Thing to Say",
"text": "Eater\" and \"Nothing But a Ghost\". The album is the group's last record with Kevin Skaff and Derek Smith. What a Terrible Thing to Say What a Terrible Thing to Say is the second full-length album from the post-hardcore band Four Letter Lie. It was released on February 19, 2008, through Victory Records. In February and March 2008, the band went on a US tour alongside Silverstein, the Devil Wears Prada, Protest the Hero and A Day to Remember. In October and November, the band supported Pierce the Veil on their headlining US tour. In December, the band went on",
"psg_id": "11393335"
},
{
"title": "Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons",
"text": "The film was well received by critics. At Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a rating of 94% based on 32 reviews, while according to Metacritic, the film has received an average score of 68, based on 13 reviews. Edmund Lee of Screen International describes the film as \"a thoroughly entertaining action comedy.\" Andrew Chan gave the film 9/10 and writes, \"Stephen Chow latest revisit to \"Journey to the West: Conquering the Demons\" is a highly entertaining affair. From the get go, the audience is treated with Chow famed exaggerated style of comedy.\" Derek Kwok reported in March 2013 that there",
"psg_id": "16791905"
},
{
"title": "Winter Olympic Games",
"text": "Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games () is a major international sporting event held once every four years for sports practised on snow and ice. The first Winter Olympics, the 1924 Winter Olympics, were held in Chamonix, France. The modern Olympic games were inspired by the ancient Olympic Games, which were held in Olympia, Greece, from the 8th century BC to the 4th century AD. Baron Pierre de Coubertin founded the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1894, leading to the first modern Summer Games in Athens, Greece in 1896. The IOC is the governing body of the Olympic Movement,",
"psg_id": "459546"
},
{
"title": "Brazil at the Olympics",
"text": "edition, in London. One athlete from Brazil has been awarded the Pierre de Coubertin medal: Vanderlei de Lima, a long-distance runner who was attacked by a spectator during the men's marathon at the 2004 edition in Athens, Greece, when he was leading the race. Lima lost two places, winning the bronze medal. In spite of the situation, he still celebrated the third-place, showing good sportsmanship. The National Olympic Committee for Brazil is the Brazilian Olympic Committee. The entity was created in 1914 and recognized in 1935. Rio de Janeiro in Brazil was the host city to the 2016 Summer Olympics.",
"psg_id": "8845856"
},
{
"title": "What Is This Thing Called Love? (short story)",
"text": "with aliens and sex. According to Asimov the article was mostly based on \"Marvel\" since its contents had been the raciest. Cele Goldsmith Lalli, editor of \"Amazing Stories\", requested a satire of the \"Playboy\" article. Asimov set out to write a story telling how a sex-interested alien and humans might \"really\" interact. The story appeared in the March 1961 issue of \"Amazing\" as \"Playboy and the Slime God\", but when Asimov included it in his 1969 collection \"Nightfall and Other Stories\" he retitled it \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" Goldsmith Lalli rewrote the story's last three paragraphs, a change",
"psg_id": "9229788"
},
{
"title": "Godefroy de Blonay",
"text": "president. Baron de Blonay was for a time one of the closest confidants of the IOC's legendary second president Pierre de Coubertin. When de Coubertin joined the French army in 1916 de Blonay became acting president of the IOC. A little bit earlier, when de Coubertin nearly ran out of money and took a back seat, de Blonay had been appointed to run an International Olympic executive committee, in lieu of the president. However, it has been suggested that he somehow upset de Coubertin by over-stretching the powers of this committee and it was this that may have caused him,",
"psg_id": "8932044"
},
{
"title": "Now is Not the End",
"text": "that Carter needed a more specific villain to fight, but stated that \"With only eight episodes, that hopefully will change quickly\". Alan Sepinwall at HitFix found that the series had learned from the mistakes of \"Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.\", and stood as its own entity. He praised Atwell's performance, the visual/period style, and D'Arcy as Jarvis, but he felt that Carter's sexist colleagues were cartoonish, saying \"not that sexism didn't exist in the era, but that it's a tough thing to dramatize from a modern perspective without feeling winky and smug. It's a dance many period dramas have to do, not",
"psg_id": "18500310"
},
{
"title": "Time is the Simplest Thing",
"text": "Time is the Simplest Thing Time is the Simplest Thing is a science fiction novel by Clifford D. Simak, first published in 1961. The story combines paranormal abilities with themes of space and time travel. The underlying theme is intolerance of ordinary people towards those with unusual abilities. The novel is notable for long passages meditating on power, fear, and prejudice in people. The protagonist finds himself caught between people pursuing commercial power, some exploiting fear and anger for personal reasons, and others attempting to overthrow what they regard as evil institutions in the name of a greater good, but",
"psg_id": "19133372"
},
{
"title": "1976 Summer Olympics",
"text": "Impact. One of the streets surrounding the Olympic Stadium was renamed to honor Pierre de Coubertin, the founder of the Olympics. The boycott by African nations over the inclusion of New Zealand, whose rugby team had played in South Africa that year, was a contributing factor in the massive protests and civil disobedience that occurred during the 1981 Springbok Tour of New Zealand. Official sporting contacts between South Africa and New Zealand did not occur again until after the fall of apartheid. Australia's failure to win a gold medal led the country to create the Australian Institute of Sport. In",
"psg_id": "800596"
},
{
"title": "Baron Willoughby de Broke",
"text": "Baron Willoughby de Broke Baron Willoughby de Broke is a title in the Peerage of England. It was created by writ in 1491 for Sir Robert Willoughby, of the manor of Broke, part of Westbury, Wiltshire, who according to modern doctrine was \"de jure\" 9th Baron Latimer. On the death of his son, the two baronies (the recognised barony of Willoughby de Broke and the \"de jure\" barony of Latimer) fell into abeyance. Around 1535, the abeyance was naturally terminated when the second Baron's granddaughter Elizabeth, who had married Sir Fulke Greville, became the only surviving co-heir, passing her claim",
"psg_id": "2611380"
},
{
"title": "The Thing (The Thing album)",
"text": "and Forever\" in 2007. \"The Thing\" received a positive review from \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\", which described it as \"A great modern free-jazz record\". The AllMusic reviewer summarised that \"Gustafsson's furious and dense delivery receives great backing from Håker Flaten, who moves effortlessly from pizzicato to arco, and Nilssen-Love, who has the necessary energy to sustain the saxophonist's sonic onslaught\", but criticised the performances on one track as \"self-indulgence\". The Thing (The Thing album) The Thing is an album by saxophonist Mats Gustafsson, bassist Ingebrigt Håker Flaten and drummer Paal Nilssen-Love, who then took the album title as the",
"psg_id": "19343243"
},
{
"title": "President of the International Olympic Committee",
"text": "congress. Athens was approved to host the 1896 Olympic Games, being the original home of the Olympics, and Vikelas was duly chosen as the first President of the IOC. Pierre, Baron de Coubertin, took over the IOC presidency when Demetrius Vikelas stepped down after the Olympics in his own country. Despite its initial success, the Olympic Movement faced hard times, as the 1900 Games (in de Coubertin's own Paris) and 1904 Games were both upstaged by World's Fairs—Exposition Universelle in 1900 and Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904—and received little attention. The 1906 Intercalated Games revived the momentum, and the Olympic",
"psg_id": "14307272"
}
] | [
"fighting well"
] |
in which state was charles schulz born? | [
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "Charles M. Schulz Charles Monroe \"Sparky\" Schulz (; November 26, 1922 – February 12, 2000), nicknamed Sparky, was an American cartoonist. Schulz is known for the comic strip \"Peanuts\" (which featured the characters Charlie Brown and Snoopy, among others). He is widely regarded as one of the most influential cartoonists of all time, cited by cartoonists including Jim Davis, Bill Watterson, and Matt Groening. Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Schulz grew up in Saint Paul. He was the only child of Carl Schulz, who was born in Germany, and Dena Halverson, who had Norwegian heritage. His uncle called him \"Sparky\" after",
"psg_id": "525737"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "written about Schulz, including Rheta Grimsley Johnson's \"Good Grief: The Story of Charles M. Schulz\" (1989), which Schulz authorized. The lengthiest biography, \"Schulz and Peanuts: A Biography\" (2007) by David Michaelis, has been heavily criticized by the Schulz family; Schulz's son Monte stated it has \"a number of factual errors throughout ... [including] factual errors of interpretation\" and extensively documents these errors in a number of essays. However, Michaelis maintains that there is \"no question\" his work is accurate. Although cartoonist Bill Watterson (creator of \"Calvin and Hobbes\") feels the biography does justice to Schulz's legacy, while giving insight into",
"psg_id": "525764"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "the Archives of the Charles M. Schulz Museum by his widow, Schulz had essential tremor, a condition alleviated by beta blockers. Schulz still insisted on writing and drawing the strip by himself, resulting in noticeably shakier lines over time. In November 1999, Schulz suffered several small strokes and a blocked aorta, and he was later found to have colon cancer that had metastasized. Because of the chemotherapy and the fact that he could not see clearly, he announced his retirement on December 14, 1999. This was difficult for Schulz, who told Al Roker on \"The Today Show\", \"I never dreamed",
"psg_id": "525755"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "Warm Blanket, Charlie Brown\" in 2011. Until his death, Schulz wrote or co-wrote the TV specials and carefully oversaw their production. Charlie Brown, the principal character of \"Peanuts\", was named after a co-worker at Art Instruction Inc. Schulz drew much from his own life, some examples being: The Charles M. Schulz Museum counts Milton Caniff (\"Terry and the Pirates\") and Bill Mauldin as key influences on Schulz's work. In his own strip, Schulz regularly described Snoopy's annual Veterans Day visits with Mauldin, including mention of Mauldin's World War II cartoons. Schulz (and critics) also credited George Herriman (\"Krazy Kat\"), Roy",
"psg_id": "525747"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "Crane (\"Wash Tubbs\"), Elzie C. Segar (\"Thimble Theatre\") and Percy Crosby (\"Skippy\") as influences. In a 1994 address to fellow cartoonists, Schulz discussed several of them. But according to his biographer Rheta Grimsley Johnson: According to the Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center, Schulz watched the movie \"Citizen Kane\" 40 times. The character Lucy van Pelt also expresses a fondness for the film, and in one strip she cruelly spoils the ending for her younger brother. In April 1951, Schulz married Joyce Halverson (no relation to Schulz's mother Dena Halverson Schulz), and Schulz adopted Halverson's daughter, Meredith. Later the",
"psg_id": "525748"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "tournaments; in 1975, he formed Snoopy's Senior World Hockey Tournament at his Redwood Empire Ice Arena, and in 1981, he was awarded the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding service to the sport of hockey in the United States. Schulz also enjoyed golf and was a member of the Santa Rosa Golf and Country Club from 1959 to 2000. In 1998, Schulz hosted the first Over 75 Hockey Tournament. In 2000, the Ramsey County Board voted to rename the Highland Park Ice Arena the Charles M. Schulz-Highland Arena in his honor. In addition to comics, Schulz was interested in art in",
"psg_id": "525753"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center",
"text": "of Lucy van Pelt holding the football for Charlie Brown to kick it. Among the museum's permanent exhibits are a work by Christo which depicts Snoopy's doghouse wrapped, Schulz's personal studio and tributes to Schulz from other artists. Inside the museum are 3 galleries with exhibits that change every year. Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center The Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center is a museum dedicated to the works of Charles M. Schulz, creator of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip. The museum opened on August 17, 2002, and is in Santa Rosa, California. The museum is home to",
"psg_id": "11022166"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center",
"text": "Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center The Charles M. Schulz Museum and Research Center is a museum dedicated to the works of Charles M. Schulz, creator of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip. The museum opened on August 17, 2002, and is in Santa Rosa, California. The museum is home to many of the original \"Peanuts\" strips, as well as other artwork by Schulz. Two works by Japanese artist Yoshiteru Otani dominate the Great Hall: a 3.5 ton wood sculpture depicting the evolution of Snoopy and a high ceramic mural made of 3,588 \"Peanuts\" strips which combine to form the image",
"psg_id": "11022165"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "in 1966, the same year Schulz's Sebastopol studio burned down. By 1969, Schulz had moved to Santa Rosa, California, where he lived and worked until his death. While briefly living in Colorado Springs, Schulz painted a mural on the bedroom wall of his daughter Meredith, featuring Patty with a balloon, Charlie Brown jumping over a candlestick, and Snoopy playing on all fours. The wall was removed in 2001, donated and relocated to the Charles M. Schulz Museum in Santa Rosa. By Thanksgiving 1970, it was clear that Schulz's marriage was in trouble. He was having an affair with a 25-year-old",
"psg_id": "525750"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "The Senate also considered the related bill, S.2060 (introduced by Dianne Feinstein). President Bill Clinton signed the bill into law on June 20, 2000. On June 7, 2001, Schulz's widow Jean accepted the award on behalf of her late husband in a public ceremony. Schulz was inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 2007. Schulz was the inaugural recipient of The Harvey Kurtzman Hall of Fame Award, accepted by Karen Johnson, Director of the Charles M. Schulz Museum, at the 2014 Harvey Awards held at the Baltimore Comic Convention in Baltimore, Maryland. Multiple biographies have been",
"psg_id": "525763"
},
{
"title": "Kirk Schulz",
"text": "Kirk Schulz Kirk Herman Schulz (born May 11, 1963) is an American educator, currently serving as the 11th president of Washington State University, a position he began on June 13, 2016. Prior to serving at Washington State, Schulz was the 13th president of Kansas State University. Schulz was born in Portsmouth, Virginia, but raised in Norfolk, Virginia. He graduated in 1981 from Norfolk Christian High School. Schulz attended Old Dominion University for three years before transferring to Virginia Tech in 1984. He received his Bachelor of Science in chemical engineering from Virginia Tech in 1986 and his doctorate in 1991.",
"psg_id": "13037662"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport",
"text": "War II, and is still in use today. Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Santa Rosa, in Sonoma County, California. The airport is named after Charles M. Schulz, the famed cartoonist of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, who lived in Santa Rosa for more than 30 years. The airport's logo features Snoopy in World War I flying ace attire atop his doghouse. In the 1930s Santa Rosa had a small municipal airfield owned by Richfield Oil Corporation next to the Redwood Highway about 6 miles southeast of the present",
"psg_id": "7802829"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport",
"text": "Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport Charles M. Schulz–Sonoma County Airport is 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Santa Rosa, in Sonoma County, California. The airport is named after Charles M. Schulz, the famed cartoonist of the \"Peanuts\" comic strip, who lived in Santa Rosa for more than 30 years. The airport's logo features Snoopy in World War I flying ace attire atop his doghouse. In the 1930s Santa Rosa had a small municipal airfield owned by Richfield Oil Corporation next to the Redwood Highway about 6 miles southeast of the present airport. Use of the 3,000-foot sod runway at",
"psg_id": "7802812"
},
{
"title": "Mike Schulz",
"text": "Mike Schulz Mike Schulz (born March 5, 1964) is a Republican United States politician from the U.S. state of Oklahoma and is the President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate. He was previously the Majority Floor Leader of the Oklahoma Senate. A farmer from Southwestern Oklahoma, Schulz was first elected to office in 2006. He will be term limited in 2018. Mike Schulz attended Oklahoma State University and received a bachelor's degree in Agriculture. He has worked with several agricultural organizations in Oklahoma, including the Young Farmer and Rancher Committee and the Oklahoma Farm Bureau. Mike Schulz first entered Oklahoma",
"psg_id": "16474959"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "the emotional impetus of the creation of the strips, cartoonist and critic R.C. Harvey regards the book as falling short both in describing Schulz as a cartoonist and in fulfilling Michaelis' stated aim of \"understanding how Charles Schulz knew the world\"; Harvey feels the biography bends the facts to a thesis rather than evoking a thesis from the facts. Dan Shanahan's review, in the \"American Book Review\" (vol 29, no. 6), of Michaelis' biography faults the biography not for factual errors, but for \"a predisposition\" to finding problems in Schulz's life to explain his art, regardless of how little the",
"psg_id": "525765"
},
{
"title": "Kirk Schulz",
"text": "Mary Ann Deavenport, Jr. endowed chair in 2005. Two years later, Schulz was Interim Vice President for Research and Economic Development, a position which became permanent for him later in the year. On February 11, 2009, the Kansas Board of Regents announced that Schulz was selected as the thirteenth president of Kansas State University. On March 25, 2016, the Washington State University Board of Regents announced that Schulz was selected as the 11th president of Washington State University, which he began in June 2016. Schulz is married to Noel Schulz, who was the associate dean for research and graduate programs",
"psg_id": "13037664"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "obviously an attempted kidnap-ransom. This was a targeted criminal act. They knew exactly who the victims were.\" Neither Schulz nor his wife was hurt during the incident. Schulz had a long association with ice sports, and both figure skating and ice hockey featured prominently in his cartoons. In Santa Rosa, he owned the Redwood Empire Ice Arena, which opened in 1969 and featured a snack bar called \"The Warm Puppy\". Schulz's daughter Amy served as a model for the figure skating in the television special \"She's a Good Skate, Charlie Brown\" (1980). Schulz also was very active in senior ice-hockey",
"psg_id": "525752"
},
{
"title": "Germany Schulz",
"text": "Foundation. Schulz was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, the son of German immigrants. His father, Adolph F. Schulz, Sr., was a doctor who was born in 1854, and his mother, Sophia, was born in 1850. The couple emigrated from Germany to the United States in 1880 with their infant daughter Wilhelmina (born December 1879). Schulz also had two brothers, Fred Schulz and Arthur Schulz, both of whom became doctors. Schulz played football for Fort Wayne High School and was also a member of amateur city teams for several years. In 1904, Schulz enrolled at the University of Michigan at age",
"psg_id": "10730916"
},
{
"title": "Adolf John Schulz",
"text": "honour. He was recognised in 1986 by a plaque on the Jubilee 150 Walkway, North Terrace, Adelaide. Adolf John Schulz Adolf John Schulz (6 August 1883 – 5 February 1956) was an educator in Adelaide, South Australia, the first Principal of the Adelaide Teachers' College. Schulz was born in Stepney, South Australia, a son of (Johann Karl) Heinrich Schulz (c. 1848 – 5 December 1926) and his wife Marie Amelia Schulz, née Bagung (died 25 August 1935). He was educated at some private institution as well as Flinders Street and Rose Park State schools and at age 15 entered the",
"psg_id": "20895391"
},
{
"title": "Kirk Schulz",
"text": "in the Kansas State University College of Engineering and the Paslay professor of electrical and computer engineering. They have two sons, Tim and Andrew. Schulz is a member of the ABET Engineering Accreditation Commission (EAC) and an active member of AIChE, ASEE, and ABET. He was named a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2007 and a Fellow of the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) in 2008. Kirk Schulz Kirk Herman Schulz (born May 11, 1963) is an American educator, currently serving as the 11th president of Washington State University, a position he",
"psg_id": "13037665"
},
{
"title": "Adolf John Schulz",
"text": "Adolf John Schulz Adolf John Schulz (6 August 1883 – 5 February 1956) was an educator in Adelaide, South Australia, the first Principal of the Adelaide Teachers' College. Schulz was born in Stepney, South Australia, a son of (Johann Karl) Heinrich Schulz (c. 1848 – 5 December 1926) and his wife Marie Amelia Schulz, née Bagung (died 25 August 1935). He was educated at some private institution as well as Flinders Street and Rose Park State schools and at age 15 entered the Pupil Teachers School in Grote Street. He entered University Training College, founded in 1900, under superintendent Andrew",
"psg_id": "20895388"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "strips; Schulz always said the TV shows were entirely separate from the strip. Schulz was honored on May 27, 2000, by cartoonists of more than 100 comic strips, who paid homage to him and \"Peanuts\" by incorporating his characters into their strips that day. Schulz received the National Cartoonists Society's Humor Comic Strip Award in 1962 for \"Peanuts\", the Society's Elzie Segar Award in 1980, and was also the first two-time winner of their Reuben Award for 1955 and 1964, and their Milton Caniff Lifetime Achievement Award in 1999. He was also an avid hockey fan; in 1981, Schulz was",
"psg_id": "525759"
},
{
"title": "William F. Schulz",
"text": "Democratic Party politicians Gary Ackerman, Geraldine Ferraro, Carolyn McCarthy, Steve Israel, Hillary Clinton, Edward M. Kennedy, Charles Schumer, John Kerry, Patrick Leahy, Bill Nelson and Al Gore. Schulz is the author of several books, including: William F. Schulz William F. \"Bill\" Schulz (born 1949) was the Executive Director of Amnesty International USA, the U.S. division of Amnesty International, from March 1994 to 2006. He is an ordained Unitarian Universalist minister, and served as president of the Unitarian Universalist Association from 1985 to 1993. He is married to the Rev. Beth Graham, who is also a Unitarian Universalist minister; they both",
"psg_id": "5235185"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "general; his favorite artist in his later years was Andrew Wyeth. As a young adult, Schulz also developed a passion for classical music. Although the character Schroeder in \"Peanuts\" adored Beethoven, Schulz's personal favorite composer was reportedly Brahms. In July 1981, Schulz underwent heart bypass surgery. During his hospital stay, President Ronald Reagan phoned to wish him a quick recovery. In the 1980s, Schulz complained that \"sometimes my hand shakes so much I have to hold my wrist to draw.\" This led to an erroneous impression that Schulz had Parkinson's disease. According to a letter from his physician, placed in",
"psg_id": "525754"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "within the next two years, a total of 17 untitled drawings by Schulz were published in the \"Post\", simultaneously with his work for the \"Pioneer Press\". Around the same time, he tried to have \"Li'l Folks\" syndicated through the Newspaper Enterprise Association; Schulz would have been an independent contractor for the syndicate, unheard of in the 1940s, but the deal fell through. \"Li'l Folks\" was dropped from the \"Pioneer Press\" in January 1950. Later that year, Schulz approached United Feature Syndicate with the one-panel series \"Li'l Folks\", and the syndicate became interested. By that time Schulz had also developed a",
"psg_id": "525743"
},
{
"title": "Bill Schulz",
"text": "Schulz also works as a freelance writer. His articles have appeared in \"Maxim\", \"The Daily Beast\", and \"The New York Times\". Bill Schulz William Dawes \"Bill\" Schulz (born August 14, 1975) is an American journalist, writer, and television personality, best known for being on the Fox News late-night show \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfield\". Schulz is also a freelance writer and a former senior editor of \"Stuff Magazine\". Schulz is the host of \"Mornin'!!! With Bill Schulz\" on Compound Media. Schulz was born William Dawes Schulz in Lake Forest, Illinois. He has two brothers, Alfred and Jonathan, and was raised",
"psg_id": "10377360"
},
{
"title": "Martin Schulz",
"text": "Nahles. After heavy public and internal criticism, Schulz decided not to enter the new cabinet. On 13 February Schulz stepped down as party chair. Martin Schulz was born in the village of Hehlrath, which is now a part of Eschweiler in western Rhineland, near the Dutch and Belgian borders, as one of five children. His father, Albert Schulz, was a local policeman and belonged to a social democratic family; his mother, Clara, belonged to a conservative Catholic family and was active in the Christian Democratic Union. Having grown up in the border area between Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, Schulz",
"psg_id": "4971897"
},
{
"title": "Robert Schulz",
"text": "1 compilation (also as Bob Schulz and his Frisco Jazz Band). Additionally, he has released recordings as Bob Schulz & His Chicago Rhythm Kings, Bob Hirsch & Bob Schulz and The Midcoast Reunion Jazz Band, and Bob Schulz & The Riverboat Ramblers. Robert Schulz Robert \"Bob\" Schulz (born July 1, 1938) is an American jazz and Dixieland jazz cornetist. Schulz was born in Wonewoc, Wisconsin and attended the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. He was a band director for 17 years. Then, in 1979, he joined the Turk Murphy Jazz Band of San Francisco. He would stay with them for eight",
"psg_id": "12748881"
},
{
"title": "Bill Schulz",
"text": "Bill Schulz William Dawes \"Bill\" Schulz (born August 14, 1975) is an American journalist, writer, and television personality, best known for being on the Fox News late-night show \"Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfield\". Schulz is also a freelance writer and a former senior editor of \"Stuff Magazine\". Schulz is the host of \"Mornin'!!! With Bill Schulz\" on Compound Media. Schulz was born William Dawes Schulz in Lake Forest, Illinois. He has two brothers, Alfred and Jonathan, and was raised Catholic. He is a descendent of William Dawes, who rode with Paul Revere in the \"Midnight Ride\" during the American Revolution.",
"psg_id": "10377357"
},
{
"title": "Ekkehard Schulz",
"text": "Ekkehard Schulz Ekkehard Schulz (born 24 July 1941) is the former CEO and Chairman of the Executive board of ThyssenKrupp AG and has been a member of this organization since 1991. Following his retirement in January 2011 he was appointed to the Supervisory Board of ThyssenKrupp AG. Ekkehard Schulz was born in the city of Bromberg (in modern-day Poland, but at the time of his birth part of Nazi Germany). He attended school at Clausthal Technical University studying metallurgy from which he graduated in 1971. He was a research assistant and chief engineer at Clausthal University, which can be found",
"psg_id": "15044397"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "a different \"Peanuts\" character were placed on the sidewalks of St. Paul. In 2001, there was \"Charlie Brown Around Town\", 2002 brought \"Looking for Lucy\", in 2003 along came \"Linus Blankets St. Paul\", ending in 2004 with \"Snoopy\" lying on his doghouse. The statues were auctioned off at the end of each summer, so some remain around the city, but others have been relocated. The auction proceeds were used for artist's scholarships and for permanent, bronze statues of the \"Peanuts\" characters. These bronze statues are in Landmark Plaza and Rice Park in downtown St. Paul. The Charles M. Schulz Museum",
"psg_id": "525769"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "awarded the Lester Patrick Trophy for outstanding contributions to the sport of hockey in the United States, and he was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame in 1993. On June 28, 1996, Schulz was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, adjacent to Walt Disney's. A replica of this star appears outside his former studio in Santa Rosa. Schulz is a recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America, for his service to American youth. A proponent of manned space flight, Schulz was honored with",
"psg_id": "525760"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "material lends itself to Michaelis' interpretations. Shanahan cites, in particular, such things as Michaelis' crude characterizations of Schulz's mother's family, and \"an almost voyeuristic quality\" to the hundred pages devoted to the breakup of Schulz's first marriage. In light of Michaelis' biography and the controversy surrounding his interpretation of the personality who was Charles Schulz, responses from Schulz's family reveal some intimate knowledge about the Schulz's persona beyond that of mere artist. On July 1, 1983, Camp Snoopy opened at Knott's Berry Farm, a forested, mountain theme area featuring the \"Peanuts\" characters. It has rides designed for younger children and",
"psg_id": "525766"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "ways, Schulz blazed the wide trail that most every cartoonist since has tried to follow.\" Schulz's Santa Rosa home was completely destroyed during the October 2017 wildfires in California According to a 2015 \"spiritual biography,\" Schulz's faith was complex and personal. He often touched on religious themes in his work, including the classic television cartoon, \"A Charlie Brown Christmas\" (1965), which features the character Linus van Pelt quoting the King James Version of the Bible to explain \"what Christmas is all about.\" In interviews Schulz said that Linus represented his spiritual side, and the spiritual biography points out a much",
"psg_id": "525772"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "\"Youth\", a publication associated with the Church of God. In 1957 and 1961 he illustrated two volumes of Art Linkletter's \"Kids Say the Darndest Things\", and in 1964 a collection of letters, \"Dear President Johnson\", by Bill Adler. At its height, \"Peanuts\" was published daily in 2,600 papers in 75 countries, in 21 languages. Over the nearly 50 years that \"Peanuts\" was published, Schulz drew nearly 18,000 strips. The strips, plus merchandise and product endorsements, produced revenues of more than $1 billion per year, with Schulz earning an estimated $30 million to $40 million annually. During the strip's run, Schulz",
"psg_id": "525745"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "forgot to load it. He said that the German soldier he could have fired at willingly surrendered. Years later, Schulz proudly spoke of his wartime service. In late 1945, Schulz returned to Minneapolis. He did lettering for a Roman Catholic comic magazine, \"Timeless Topix\", and then, in July 1946, took a job at Art Instruction, Inc., reviewing and grading lessons submitted by students. Schulz had taken a correspondence course from the school before he was drafted. He worked at the school for several years while developing his career as a comic creator until he was making enough money to do",
"psg_id": "525741"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "age of 77, of colon cancer. The last original \"Peanuts\" strip was published the next day, Sunday, February 13. Schulz had predicted that the strip would outlive him because the strips were usually drawn weeks before their publication. Schulz was buried at Pleasant Hills Cemetery in Sebastopol, California. As part of his contract with the syndicate, Schulz requested that no other artist be allowed to draw \"Peanuts\". United Features had legal ownership of the strip, but honored his wishes, instead syndicating reruns to newspapers. New television specials have also been produced since Schulz's death, with the stories based on previous",
"psg_id": "525758"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "that full-time. Schulz's first group of regular cartoons, a weekly series of one-panel jokes called \"Li'l Folks\", was published from June 1947 to January 1950 in the \"St. Paul Pioneer Press,\" with Schulz usually doing four one-panel drawings per issue. It was in \"Li'l Folks\" that Schulz first used the name Charlie Brown for a character, although he applied the name in four gags to three different boys as well as one buried in sand. The series also had a dog that looked much like Snoopy. In May 1948, Schulz sold his first one-panel drawing to \"The Saturday Evening Post\";",
"psg_id": "525742"
},
{
"title": "Lavinia Schulz",
"text": "Schulz's costumes were rediscovered in a Hamburg museum in 1989. Lavinia Schulz Lavinia Schulz or Lavinia Berta Schulz (23 June 1896 – 19 June 1924) was a German dancer and actress. Schulz was born in Lübben in 1896. She trained in Berlin after recovering from a major ear operation. She studied dance, music and painting and by 1913 she was involved with the group of Expressionists which included Herwarth Walden's Sturm. She was proclaimed Lothar Schreyer's \"first student\" and she moved with him to Hamburg where she was not only the costume creator but also a dancer. She danced in",
"psg_id": "19536009"
},
{
"title": "Lavinia Schulz",
"text": "Lavinia Schulz Lavinia Schulz or Lavinia Berta Schulz (23 June 1896 – 19 June 1924) was a German dancer and actress. Schulz was born in Lübben in 1896. She trained in Berlin after recovering from a major ear operation. She studied dance, music and painting and by 1913 she was involved with the group of Expressionists which included Herwarth Walden's Sturm. She was proclaimed Lothar Schreyer's \"first student\" and she moved with him to Hamburg where she was not only the costume creator but also a dancer. She danced in a robotic inspired costume in his production of \"Skirnismól\". In",
"psg_id": "19536007"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "time of her death, he had only recently been made aware that she suffered from cancer. Schulz had by all accounts been very close to his mother and her death had a big effect on him. Around the same time, Schulz was drafted into the United States Army. He served as a staff sergeant with the 20th Armored Division in Europe during World War II, as a squad leader on a .50 caliber machine gun team. His unit saw combat only at the very end of the war. Schulz said he had one opportunity to fire his machine gun but",
"psg_id": "525740"
},
{
"title": "Germany Schulz",
"text": "universities were working to get Schulz as their head coach. In January 1916, the Fort Wayne Sentinel reported that Schulz was back to work at his old position in the general testing room at the Fort Wayne Electric works, after an absence of two years. In September 1916, Schulz returned to coaching as the assistant athletic director at Kansas State Agricultural College, now known as Kansas State University. Schulz spent four years in Manhattan, Kansas, working as an assistant under head coach Zora G. Clevenger. When Kansas State beat Southwestern 53–0, the Fort Wayne paper ran a story: \"Germany’s Team",
"psg_id": "10730962"
},
{
"title": "Hermann Schulz",
"text": "Hermann Schulz Hermann Schulz (born 14 December 1961) is a German former figure skater who represented East Germany. He is the 1981 national champion and competed at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Schulz was born on 14 December 1961 in Dresden, Saxony, East Germany. He works as an internist at the center for dialysis in Döbeln. Schulz learned his first triple jumps at Dresdner Eislauf-Club in Dresden. He was coached by Ingrid Lehmann. As a 13-year-old, he placed 8th at the 1975 European Championships in Copenhagen, Denmark. He won gold at the 1978 Blue Swords. Schulz represented East Germany at the",
"psg_id": "8663416"
},
{
"title": "Robert L. Schulz",
"text": "Robert L. Schulz Robert Louis Schulz, the Founder and Chairman of We the People Foundation for Constitutional Education and We the People Congress, is a constitutional activist with a decades-long focus on holding government accountable to the Constitution, through the First Amendment Right to Petition. An engineer by training, Schulz has filed well over one hundred court actions on a \"pro se\" basis, against government actions he asserts are unconstitutional deprivations of individual liberty. In 1994, Schulz was on the New York State ballot as the Libertarian candidate for Governor. In 2009, Schulz organized a \"Continental Congress\" which convened in",
"psg_id": "10891033"
},
{
"title": "Willi Schulz",
"text": "Hamburg newspapers. After the 1982 FIFA World Cup match between West Germany and Austria, in which the two sides colluded to allow West Germany to win 1–0 enabling both sides to progress at the expense of Algeria, Schulz famously called the West German players \"gangsters\". Willi Schulz Willi Schulz (born 4 October 1938 in Wattenscheid, Germany) is a German former international footballer who played as a defender. Schulz played his first of altogether 66 games for West Germany in 1959 at a time when he was still an amateur for lower league club Union Günnigfeld. In 1960 he joined FC",
"psg_id": "8889722"
},
{
"title": "Schulz & Schulz",
"text": "tried to overcome all of that together. Schulz & Schulz Schulz & Schulz is a TV series consisting of five feature-length films starring Götz George in a dual role as twin brothers Wolfgang and Walter Schulz who were separated during World War II and then raised in different parts of Germany. The first film was broadcast while the German Democratic Republic still existed. In the aftermath following the fall of the Berlin wall many new topics arose. The instalments showed how difficult it was for a great many citizens of the German Democratic Republic to get accustomed to the new",
"psg_id": "16087272"
},
{
"title": "Schulz & Schulz",
"text": "Schulz & Schulz Schulz & Schulz is a TV series consisting of five feature-length films starring Götz George in a dual role as twin brothers Wolfgang and Walter Schulz who were separated during World War II and then raised in different parts of Germany. The first film was broadcast while the German Democratic Republic still existed. In the aftermath following the fall of the Berlin wall many new topics arose. The instalments showed how difficult it was for a great many citizens of the German Democratic Republic to get accustomed to the new way of life and how German people",
"psg_id": "16087271"
},
{
"title": "Ted Schulz",
"text": "Louisville; he also volunteers as an assistant golf coach at his alma mater. He is a member of the University of Louisville Athletic Hall of Fame. Schulz and his wife Diane have three children. \"Note: Schulz never played in The Open Championship.\"<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" = tied Ted Schulz Theodore James Schulz (born October 29, 1959) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour, Nationwide Tour and Champions Tour. Schulz was born, raised and has lived his entire life in Louisville, Kentucky. He attended the University of Louisville from 1977 to 1981,",
"psg_id": "9091412"
},
{
"title": "Carl Schulz",
"text": "Carl Schulz Carl Schulz (12 November 1851 – 15 August 1944) was a Norwegian educator and politician for the Liberal Party. He became known as a teacher of physics, electrotechnics and mineralogy before advancing to being school director. He was born in Trondheim as a son of attorney Laurentius Andreas Schulz and Christiane Wilhelmine Ulich. His grandfather was a German immigrant. He was a brother of educator Thomas Norberg Schulz, and thus a granduncle of architect Christian Norberg-Schulz and great-granduncle of opera singer Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz. In July 1889 in Trondhjem he married shipmaster's daughter Gudrun Boye (1866–1953). He died in",
"psg_id": "15656704"
},
{
"title": "Adelheid Schulz",
"text": "Adelheid Schulz Adelheid Schulz (born 31 March 1955) was a member of the West German terrorist Red Army Faction. Having trained as a nurse, Schulz moved to Karlsruhe in the early 1970s and took up residence in a flat with Günter Sonnenberg, Knut Folkerts and her boyfriend Christian Klar – who would all at a later time be convicted of terrorist crimes. It was around this time that Schulz was exposed to radicalism, and it was in the seventies that Schulz decided to embark on a life of terrorism. Schulz became an important member of the second generation of the",
"psg_id": "12370577"
},
{
"title": "Bill Schulz (politician)",
"text": "founded his own business, known as Homesmith, which offered home repair services in the Palo Alto, California area. Schulz then founded W. R. Schulz and Associates, which owned and managed 88 garden apartment properties in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Schulz is credited with getting the Apartment Renter's Tax Relief Bill passed through the state legislature, which led to his involvement in politics. Schulz's first foray into seeking political office began with the 1978 gubernatorial election, where he ran as a Democratic candidate, challenging incumbent Governor Wesley Bolin. He announced his campaign after traveling around the state, and compiled the research",
"psg_id": "20454551"
},
{
"title": "Fritz Schulz (jurist)",
"text": "and studied law in Berlin and Breslau (now Wrocław) from 1899 to 1902, when he passed the First State Examination in Law. He received the grade of \"Doctor iuris\" from the University of Breslau in 1905. In the same year, Schulz obtained the habilitation at the University of Freiburg in Breisgau. In 1910, Schulz was appointed to a full professorship in Innsbruck (Austria). From Innsbruck, Schulz moved on to posts in Kiel (1912), Göttingen (1916) and Bonn (1923). During his time in Göttingen, Schulz actively supported the Deutsche Demokratische Partei, a left-of-center liberal party, which was among the staunchest supporters",
"psg_id": "8304844"
},
{
"title": "Leo Schulz",
"text": "Leo Schulz Leo Schulz (28 March 1865 – 12 August 1944) was a German-born American cellist. Schulz was born in Posen, then in Germany, where he initially received his music education before attending the Royal Academic High School of Music in Berlin. He was a principal cellist in Berlin as well as in the Gewandhaus Orchestra of Leipzig from 1886 to 1889. After moving to the United States in 1889, Schulz became professor of the New England Conservatory until 1898. He soloist with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. He was first cellist for the New York Philharmonic Society from 1890 to",
"psg_id": "15556799"
},
{
"title": "Ted Schulz",
"text": "Ted Schulz Theodore James Schulz (born October 29, 1959) is an American professional golfer who has played on the PGA Tour, Nationwide Tour and Champions Tour. Schulz was born, raised and has lived his entire life in Louisville, Kentucky. He attended the University of Louisville from 1977 to 1981, and was a member of the golf team. He joined the PGA Tour in 1984. Schulz has 15 top-10 finishes in PGA Tour events including two wins. His career year was 1991 when he had five top-10 finishes including a win at the Nissan Los Angeles Open, and finished 29th on",
"psg_id": "9091410"
},
{
"title": "Hermann Schulz",
"text": "1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, New York. He became East Germany's national champion in 1981. At the 1981 European Championships, he was in the lead after the compulsory figures and finished fourth overall. He then retired from figure skating due to injuries. Schulz has served as an international figure skating judge. Hermann Schulz Hermann Schulz (born 14 December 1961) is a German former figure skater who represented East Germany. He is the 1981 national champion and competed at the 1980 Winter Olympics. Schulz was born on 14 December 1961 in Dresden, Saxony, East Germany. He works as an internist",
"psg_id": "8663417"
},
{
"title": "Patrick Schulz",
"text": "Patrick Schulz Patrick Schulz (born August 11, 1980) is a professional wrestler under the ring names \"Handsome\" Patrick Schulz and \"Made in Germany\" Patrick Schulz. He is working in Europe and also wrestled for Total Nonstop Action Wrestling (TNA) and USA Championship Wrestling in the United States. Schulz started bodybuilding at the age of fifteen and wrestling at the age of sixteen. He had four years of Muay Thai and Vale Tudo from ages eighteen to twenty-two. He obtained a pro card in 1999 with the ISWF in France. Schulz was part of the ten-day NWA Germany tournament in 2001",
"psg_id": "7771694"
},
{
"title": "Peter Schulz",
"text": "election, on 12 November 1974. 1978 – 1982 and 1983 – 1986 Schulz was President of Hamburg Parliament. Peter Schulz Peter Schulz (25 April 1930 – 17 May 2013) was a German politician, member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1971 – 1974). Schulz was born in Rostock. He studied law at the University of Hamburg and after his graduation in 1958 Schulz founded his own office. In 1961 he was elected in the Hamburg Parliament and served as Senator of Justice from 1966. In 1970 he became Senator for Schools and Youth and Second",
"psg_id": "12504279"
},
{
"title": "George M. S. Schulz",
"text": "George M. S. Schulz George M.S. Schulz (February 17, 1871 – April 7, 1930) was a surrogate court judge and a member of both houses of the New York State Legislature. He was born in 1871 and graduated from the New York Law School in 1894 and was allowed to the bar in the same year. He married Anna Alice Mitchel on December 27, 1898 and they had at least one son. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 34th D.) in 1907 and 1908; and of the New York State Senate (22nd D.)",
"psg_id": "14994450"
},
{
"title": "Adelheid Schulz",
"text": "President Johannes Rau in 2002. Schulz now lives in Frankfurt, but is disabled as a result of her continued poor health, stemming from her hunger strikes. Adelheid Schulz Adelheid Schulz (born 31 March 1955) was a member of the West German terrorist Red Army Faction. Having trained as a nurse, Schulz moved to Karlsruhe in the early 1970s and took up residence in a flat with Günter Sonnenberg, Knut Folkerts and her boyfriend Christian Klar – who would all at a later time be convicted of terrorist crimes. It was around this time that Schulz was exposed to radicalism, and",
"psg_id": "12370579"
},
{
"title": "Franz Schulz",
"text": "a screenwriter. Schulz later settled in Ascona, Switzerland and worked primarily as a playwright. His last feature film was the 1956 \"Fuhrmann Henschel\", for which he adapted the 1898 Gerhart Hauptmann stage play of the same name for director Josef von Báky. On May 4, 1971, six weeks after his 74th birthday, Shchulz died at Muralto, Tessin, Switzerland. He is interred at the Pambio-Naranco Jewish cemetery in Lugano, Ticino, Switzerland. Franz Schulz Franz Schulz (born 22 March 1897 in Prague, Austria-Hungary, died 4 May 1971, in Muralto, Tessin, Switzerland) was a playwright and screenwriter who worked from 1920 through 1956.",
"psg_id": "15557080"
},
{
"title": "Kelly M. Schulz",
"text": "Kelly M. Schulz Kelly M. Schulz (born January 2, 1969) is an American politician and serves as the Secretary of the Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation. She was formerly a member of the Maryland House of Delegates representing District 4A in Frederick County, Maryland. Schulz was born January 2, 1969 in Warren, Michigan. Schulz attended Monroe Community College in Rochester, New York, earning an A.A degree in 2003. She completed her undergraduate studies at Hood College, with a B.A. in political science in 2006. Schulz is a former aide to Sen. David R. Brinkley and the Maryland House",
"psg_id": "15247557"
},
{
"title": "Adolf John Schulz",
"text": "Scott BA (died 1906), winning several scholarships. In 1904 he entered Adelaide University, graduated BA, then in 1904 was appointed assistant teacher at the University Training College. In 1905 he was granted two years' study leave which he used to attend the University of Zurich, graduating PhD \"magna cum laude\" in 1908. Scott died in 1907 and was succeeded on a temporary basis by William Charles McCarthy. Schulz was appointed to the position in December 1909. The teacher training system underwent a reorganization in 1910, and another in 1921 with the establishment of the Teachers' College with Schulz as principal.",
"psg_id": "20895389"
},
{
"title": "Russell Schulz-Widmar",
"text": "Russell Schulz-Widmar Russell Schulz-Widmar (born Russell E. Schulz, 29 July 1944) was Professor of Liturgical Music at the Seminary of the Southwest in Austin, Texas, and a composer, author, and conductor. For much of his career he lived in Austin, Texas and upon retirement he has divided his time between Berlin, Germany and Dallas, Texas. He is married to Hubertus Schulz-Wilke. Born into a family of German and Dutch immigrants, Russell Schulz grew up northwest of Chicago, near the village of Hebron, Illinois. He graduated with honors with a B. Mus. from Valparaiso University in Valparaiso, Indiana. He received his",
"psg_id": "12219441"
},
{
"title": "Markus Schulz",
"text": "Markus Schulz Markus Schulz (; ; born 3 February 1975) is a German-American DJ and music producer based in Miami, Florida. Best known for his weekly radio show titled \"Global DJ Broadcast\" that airs on Digitally Imported radio, After Hours FM and other online stations, Schulz is also the founder of the label Coldharbour Recordings and Schulz Music Group (SMG), an artist management company that manages rising stars in the industry including Nifra, Fisherman & Hawkins, Mr. Pit, Grube and Hovsepian and Adina Butar. In September 2012, Schulz was crowned America's Number 1 DJ by \"DJ Times\". In early 2013,",
"psg_id": "6455519"
},
{
"title": "Ursula Schulz-Dornburg",
"text": "Ursula Schulz-Dornburg Ursula Schulz-Dornburg (born 1938) is a German photographer and artist known for the conceptual series (mostly black and white) photographs. She lives and works in Düsseldorf. Schulz-Dornburg received the 2016 AIMIA AGO Photography Prize from the Art Gallery of Ontario and in 2018 won the Catalogue of the Year award at the Paris Photo–Aperture Foundation PhotoBook Awards for \"The Land In Between.\" Schulz-Dornburg was born in Berlin in 1938. Between 1959 and 1960 she studied at the Institut für Bildjournalismus in Munich. From 1980 onward, she traveled extensively within Europe, Asia and the Near East. Schulz-Dornburg's work is",
"psg_id": "9624919"
},
{
"title": "Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz",
"text": "C minor\", Verdi's \"Falstaff\" with Solti (Nanetta), Brahms' \"Ein deutsches Requiem\" with Blomstedt (Grammy Award), Mahler's Symphony Number 8 with Sir Colin Davis, and \"Tamerlano\" with Trevor Pinnock (Asteria). She has also recorded a recital disc of songs by Edvard Grieg with the pianist Håvard Gims which received the Grieg Award. Norberg-Schulz is married to Italian conductor Vittorio Bonolis. The couple have one son. Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz (born 27 January 1959, Oslo) is a Norwegian/Italian operatic soprano. Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz is the daughter of Norwegian architectural historian and theorist, Christian Norberg-Schulz (1926–2000), and Italian translator and writer Anna Maria de",
"psg_id": "12709828"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Norberg Schulz",
"text": "Thomas Norberg Schulz Thomas Norberg Schulz (12 July 1866 – 28 May 1950) was a Norwegian engineer. He was born in Trondhjem as a son of attorney Laurentius Andreas Schulz and Christiane Wilhelmine Ulich. He was a brother of educator Carl Schulz. In February 1897 in Strinda he married Gustava Kielland Bachke, a daughter of Anton Sophus Bachke. He was a grandfather of architect Christian Norberg-Schulz, and thus great-grandfather of opera singer Elizabeth Norberg-Schulz. He died in May 1950 in Oslo. He took exams at Trondhjem Technical School in 1884 and 1885, and graduated from Charlottenburg Technische Hochschule in electrical",
"psg_id": "15656646"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "Alan Truscott, the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL), awarded both Snoopy and Woodstock the honorary rank of Life Master, and Schulz was delighted. According to the ACBL, only Snoopy was awarded the honor. On February 10, 2000, two days before Schulz's death, Congressman Mike Thompson introduced H.R. 3642, a bill to award Schulz the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest civilian honor the United States legislature can bestow. The bill passed the House (with only Ron Paul voting no and 24 not voting) on February 15, and the bill was sent to the Senate where it passed unanimously on May 2.",
"psg_id": "525762"
},
{
"title": "Markus Schulz",
"text": "tweeted, \"Markus Schulz: the unicorn slayer of trance.\" Schulz retweeted it and the nickname caught on. Markus Schulz Markus Schulz (; ; born 3 February 1975) is a German-American DJ and music producer based in Miami, Florida. Best known for his weekly radio show titled \"Global DJ Broadcast\" that airs on Digitally Imported radio, After Hours FM and other online stations, Schulz is also the founder of the label Coldharbour Recordings and Schulz Music Group (SMG), an artist management company that manages rising stars in the industry including Nifra, Fisherman & Hawkins, Mr. Pit, Grube and Hovsepian and Adina Butar.",
"psg_id": "6455524"
},
{
"title": "George M. S. Schulz",
"text": "in 1909 and 1910. George M. S. Schulz George M.S. Schulz (February 17, 1871 – April 7, 1930) was a surrogate court judge and a member of both houses of the New York State Legislature. He was born in 1871 and graduated from the New York Law School in 1894 and was allowed to the bar in the same year. He married Anna Alice Mitchel on December 27, 1898 and they had at least one son. He was a member of the New York State Assembly (New York Co., 34th D.) in 1907 and 1908; and of the New York",
"psg_id": "14994451"
},
{
"title": "Vanessa Schulz",
"text": "Vanessa Schulz Vanessa Schulz (born August 7, 1969) is a South African born documentary filmmaker, director, producer, writer, editor, photographer and political activist. In 1998, she established 21paradigm.com; her projects include the award-winning \"Cull of the Wild\" and \"Cost of Freedom\". Schulz was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, to German immigrant parents. Schulz’s father had defected from the German Democratic Republic (GDR). Her family travelled to the former East Germany during the 1970s, where some of her relatives still lived behind the Iron Curtain and the Berlin Wall. She attended primary and secondary school in Rivonia, and graduated from Inscape",
"psg_id": "16912052"
},
{
"title": "Charles M. Schulz",
"text": "the naming of Apollo 10 command module Charlie Brown, and lunar module Snoopy launched on May 18, 1969. The Silver Snoopy award is a special honor awarded to NASA employees and contractors for outstanding achievements related to human flight safety or mission success. The award certificate states that it is \"In Appreciation\" \"For professionalism, dedication and outstanding support that greatly enhanced space flight safety and mission success.\" On January 1, 1974, Schulz served as the Grand Marshal of the Rose Parade in Pasadena, California. Schulz was a keen bridge player, and \"Peanuts\" occasionally included bridge references. In 1997, according to",
"psg_id": "525761"
},
{
"title": "Wilhelm Phillip Daniel Schulz",
"text": "industrial work which he made public in several books. In 1854 he moved to Madrid, where he taught in the Mining Engineering School and was vice-president of the Geological Institute. Wilhelm Phillip Daniel Schulz Wilhelm Phillip Daniel Schulz (6 March 1805 – 1 August 1877), also known as Guillermo Schulz, was a German mine engineer and geologist who spent most of his professional life in Spain. He was born in Dörnberg and died in Aranjuez. In 1826 Schulz went to Spain, and shortly was hired by the Spanish Government to enhance the mining industry in the country. In 1833 he",
"psg_id": "18873731"
},
{
"title": "Bill Schulz (politician)",
"text": "Bill Schulz (politician) William R. Schulz (born April 4, 1931) is an American politician who was an Independent candidate for Governor of Arizona in the 1986 gubernatorial election, and was the Democratic nominee against Barry Goldwater in the 1980 U.S. Senate election. Bill Schulz was born in Des Moines, Iowa on April 4, 1931. He graduated from the Kentucky Military Institute in 1949, and the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1954. He resigned his commission in order to focus on a career in business, and attended Harvard University's business school, graduating in 1959. Following his graduation, Schulz",
"psg_id": "20454550"
},
{
"title": "Germany Schulz",
"text": "the insurance business, including as a state agent for an insurance company in Michigan, from 1924 until his death in 1951. After retiring from football in the early 1920s, Schulz led a private life, and little has been written about the last 30 years of his life. At the time of the 1930 United States Census, Schulz was living in Grand Rapids, Michigan, with his wife, Emilie V. Schulz (age 35), his mother-in-law, Emilie V. Sabovian (age 82), and his sister-in-law, Louise Sabovian. His occupation was listed in the 1930 Census as an insurance salesman. Schulz died in 1951, less",
"psg_id": "10730967"
},
{
"title": "Peter Schulz",
"text": "Peter Schulz Peter Schulz (25 April 1930 – 17 May 2013) was a German politician, member of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) and First Mayor of Hamburg (1971 – 1974). Schulz was born in Rostock. He studied law at the University of Hamburg and after his graduation in 1958 Schulz founded his own office. In 1961 he was elected in the Hamburg Parliament and served as Senator of Justice from 1966. In 1970 he became Senator for Schools and Youth and Second Mayor. On 16 June 1971 he was elected as First Mayor of Hamburg but resigned after the 1974",
"psg_id": "12504278"
},
{
"title": "Leo Schulz",
"text": "1906, and president of the New York Tonkünstler. In the 1920s, with other musicians, he founded the Old Masters Trio. He was a professor at Yale University for a time. He also wrote many cello compositions, songs, orchestral overtures, and cantatas; these remained unpublished, however. On April 12, 1885, he married Ida Bartsch in Berlin. Leo Schulz Leo Schulz (28 March 1865 – 12 August 1944) was a German-born American cellist. Schulz was born in Posen, then in Germany, where he initially received his music education before attending the Royal Academic High School of Music in Berlin. He was a",
"psg_id": "15556800"
},
{
"title": "Franz Schulz",
"text": "Franz Schulz Franz Schulz (born 22 March 1897 in Prague, Austria-Hungary, died 4 May 1971, in Muralto, Tessin, Switzerland) was a playwright and screenwriter who worked from 1920 through 1956. Schulz was born into a wealthy family, and although of the Jewish faith, religion played no role in the family. His father was a lawyer and a college friend of the writer Friedrich Adler. Lucia, one of his sisters, was the first wife of the painter László Moholy-Nagy. As a high school student Schultz studied the works of Max Brod, Egon Erwin Kisch, Franz Kafka, Paul Leppin, and Franz Werfel.",
"psg_id": "15557077"
},
{
"title": "Kurt Schulz",
"text": "safety position and returning punts for the Cadets. He subsequently suffered a serious on-field leg injury but was still able to be noticed by and recruited to Eastern Washington University to play football in 1987. Following a successful career at safety for the Eagles, he was drafted by the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League in 1992. After being let go by the Lions in 2001, Schulz worked for Merrill Lynch. Kurt Schulz Kurt Erich Schulz was born on December 12, 1968 in Wenatchee, Washington to Erich and Judy Schulz. He is a former American football player in the",
"psg_id": "9744049"
},
{
"title": "Adelbert Schulz",
"text": "Adelbert Schulz Adelbert Schulz (20 December 1903 – 28 January 1944) was a German officer of the police and the Wehrmacht, at last general and division commander in the Panzertruppe during World War II. He was one of only 27 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds of Nazi Germany. Adelbert (sometimes written \"Adalbert\") Schulz was born on 20 December 1903 in Berlin; he began his career in the police. In 1935 Schulz transferred from the Police to the German Army. Schulz's unit took part in the occupations of Austria and the",
"psg_id": "7479734"
},
{
"title": "Adelbert Schulz",
"text": "Adelbert Schulz Adelbert Schulz (20 December 1903 – 28 January 1944) was a German officer of the police and the Wehrmacht, at last general and division commander in the Panzertruppe during World War II. He was one of only 27 recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds of Nazi Germany. Adelbert (sometimes written \"Adalbert\") Schulz was born on 20 December 1903 in Berlin; he began his career in the police. In 1935 Schulz transferred from the Police to the German Army. Schulz's unit took part in the occupations of Austria and the",
"psg_id": "7479732"
},
{
"title": "Dave Schulz (politician)",
"text": "county park system and implemented a widespread promotional campaign. That campaign was notable for a series of promotional stunts that involved Schulz, at nearly 470 lbs., sliding down water slides in a wet t-shirt. Amidst criticism that Schulz was politicizing the parks director position, he made a political endorsement of then-State Senator John Norquist for mayor of Milwaukee in 1988. O'Donnell immediately fired him for making the endorsement without approval, and Schulz shortly thereafter announced he would run against his former boss O'Donnell for County Executive in 1988. Schulz defeated O'Donnell in the election by a 2-1 margin. Schulz only",
"psg_id": "11146928"
},
{
"title": "Willi Schulz",
"text": "Willi Schulz Willi Schulz (born 4 October 1938 in Wattenscheid, Germany) is a German former international footballer who played as a defender. Schulz played his first of altogether 66 games for West Germany in 1959 at a time when he was still an amateur for lower league club Union Günnigfeld. In 1960 he joined FC Schalke 04, spending the first three years in the Oberliga West, and in 1963 the Bundesliga was officially created. In 1965 he changed outfit joining Hamburger SV. Schulz started out as a right half back in the late 1950s. With the change from the WM",
"psg_id": "8889718"
},
{
"title": "Sam Schulz",
"text": "Sam Schulz Samuel Craig Schulz (born 19 September 1992) is a former professional Australian rules footballer who played for the Greater Western Sydney Giants in the Australian Football League (AFL). Originally from Culcairn in the Riverina region of New South Wales, he played for the Murray Bushrangers in the TAC Cup prior to being recruited as one of the Giants first NSW zone selections in mid-2010. Schulz made his AFL debut in round 12 of the 2012 AFL season against . At the conclusion of 2013, Schulz was delisted, however he was later re-drafted by GWS in the 2014 rookie",
"psg_id": "16592611"
},
{
"title": "Jacques Schulz",
"text": "for Sky Deutschland. In 2011, Schulz commentated on the Race of Champions from Düsseldorf on Sat.1. Jacques Schulz Jacques Arno Schulz (born April 1, 1967 in Heidelberg, Germany) is a German sports commentator and journalist who commentated on Formula One in Germany between 1996 and 2012. In 1993, Schulz began his Formula One commentating career by commentating races for Eurosport in Germany, and moved to the German channel DF1 for 1996, pairing with Swiss Formula One driver Marc Surer. His first Formula One commentary was at the 1996 German Grand Prix and his last was the 2012 Brazilian Grand Prix,",
"psg_id": "20165030"
},
{
"title": "Bernd Schulz",
"text": "Bernd Schulz Bernd Schulz (born February 12, 1960) is a German former footballer. Schulz began his career with Berliner FC Dynamo, and was part of the all-conquering team of the 1980s. He won nine consecutive East German titles, and two Cups between 1979 and 1989. He also won three caps for East Germany in 1984 and 1985, scoring one goal. He ended his career in 1993, having played for SG Bergmann-Borsig and Union Berlin. Schulz was at the centre of controversy in 1986, when, in the 95th minute of the championship-deciding game against 1. FC Lokomotive Leipzig, he earned questionable",
"psg_id": "13049480"
},
{
"title": "Tim Schulz",
"text": "serves as a State and USSF National Instructor. He holds a USSF National “A” license, a NSCAA National Advanced license, and a National Youth license. Tim is the Founder of Rush in 1991 and has been with the club since. He currently is acting General Manager of Penn FC a USL professional team and Rush Soccer first team. During his tenure, Rush grew from 1,300 players to 34,000 players representing players from 48 states and 32 countries. Tim Schulz Tim Schulz (born March 1, 1962 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin) is a former U.S. soccer midfielder who played two seasons in the",
"psg_id": "12786670"
},
{
"title": "Germany Schulz",
"text": "Wins.\" During the first three years under Schulz and Clevenger, the Wildcats went 16–4–1 and outscored their opponents 464–90. However, in 1919, Kansas State gave up 109 points (more than in the three prior seasons combined) and finished with a 3–5–1. Schulz announced his resignation in January 1920. In a draft registration card completed in September 1918, Schulz identified his occupation as an athletic coach for the Kansas Agricultural College at Manhattan, Kansas. During World War I, Schulz also served as the athletic director at Fort Riley in Kansas. He was assigned to direct athletic exercises for the men serving",
"psg_id": "10730963"
},
{
"title": "Robert Schulz",
"text": "Robert Schulz Robert \"Bob\" Schulz (born July 1, 1938) is an American jazz and Dixieland jazz cornetist. Schulz was born in Wonewoc, Wisconsin and attended the University of Wisconsin–La Crosse. He was a band director for 17 years. Then, in 1979, he joined the Turk Murphy Jazz Band of San Francisco. He would stay with them for eight years, until Murphy's death. He went on to lead the Bob Schulz's Frisco Jazz Band, and has put out 6 studio albums (the later four being under the band name of Bob Schultz and his Frisco Jazz Band), 1 live album, and",
"psg_id": "12748880"
},
{
"title": "Carl Theodor Schulz",
"text": "Carl Theodor Schulz Carl Theodor Schulz (5 April 1835 – 16 August 1914) was a Norwegian gardener. He was born in Berlin, Germany, the son of Christian Schulz, a tailor. In the 1850s the young Schulz worked at some market gardens in Berlin and its edge city Potsdam; he was employed at a botanical garden in Hamburg in the subsequent decade. In March 1865, after five years of work in Hamburg, he was hired at the University Botanical Garden in Oslo. He was appointed head gardener in 1893, succeeding the deceased Nils Green. Schulz stayed in that position until his",
"psg_id": "15657804"
},
{
"title": "Fritz Schulz (jurist)",
"text": "Enrichment today. Fritz Schulz (jurist) Fritz Schulz (16 June 1879 – 12 November 1957) was a German jurist and legal historian. He was one of the 20th centuries' most important scholars in the field of Roman Law. The Nazis forced him to leave Germany and to emigrate to England due to his political stance and his Jewish origins. Schulz was born in Bunzlau, Lower Silesia, German Empire (now Boleslawiec, Poland). Schulz' father was a Protestant. His mother came from a Jewish family. She converted to Christianity when Fritz was a small boy. Schulz grew up in his native town in",
"psg_id": "8304848"
},
{
"title": "Fritz Schulz (jurist)",
"text": "Fritz Schulz (jurist) Fritz Schulz (16 June 1879 – 12 November 1957) was a German jurist and legal historian. He was one of the 20th centuries' most important scholars in the field of Roman Law. The Nazis forced him to leave Germany and to emigrate to England due to his political stance and his Jewish origins. Schulz was born in Bunzlau, Lower Silesia, German Empire (now Boleslawiec, Poland). Schulz' father was a Protestant. His mother came from a Jewish family. She converted to Christianity when Fritz was a small boy. Schulz grew up in his native town in Lower Silesia",
"psg_id": "8304843"
},
{
"title": "Carl Theodor Schulz",
"text": "death. In 1895 he released the work \"Om botaniske haver\". Schulz was a founding member of the Christiania Gardener Association and the Norwegian Horticulture Society; he was the first chairman of the former, and vice-chairman of the latter organisation. From 1892 to 1902, he sat on the board of the Horticulture Society. The person who recruited Schulz to Norway was Frederik Schübeler. Schulz married an adopted daughter of Schübeler's, Ingeborg Strengberg (1853–1918), in February 1875 in Østre Aker. Carl Theodor Schulz Carl Theodor Schulz (5 April 1835 – 16 August 1914) was a Norwegian gardener. He was born in Berlin,",
"psg_id": "15657805"
},
{
"title": "Kathryn Schulz",
"text": "presence who confides in her readers rather than lecturing them. It doesn’t hurt that she combines lucid prose with perfect comic timing...\" Kathryn Schulz Kathryn Schulz is an American journalist and author, and the former book critic for \"New York\" magazine. She joined \"The New Yorker\" as a staff writer in 2015. Schulz won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing for her \"New Yorker\" article on a potential large earthquake in the Pacific Northwest. Kathryn Schulz was born and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio. After graduating from Brown University in 1996, she moved to Portland, Oregon, and lived there",
"psg_id": "14788661"
},
{
"title": "Kathryn Schulz",
"text": "Kathryn Schulz Kathryn Schulz is an American journalist and author, and the former book critic for \"New York\" magazine. She joined \"The New Yorker\" as a staff writer in 2015. Schulz won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing for her \"New Yorker\" article on a potential large earthquake in the Pacific Northwest. Kathryn Schulz was born and raised in Shaker Heights, Ohio. After graduating from Brown University in 1996, she moved to Portland, Oregon, and lived there for a little less than four years. Her freelance writing has appeared in the \"New York Times Magazine\", \"Rolling Stone\", \"The Nation\",",
"psg_id": "14788658"
}
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"who wrote, ""what is this life if full of care, we have no time to stand and stare?""" | [
{
"title": "An Eton Poetry Book",
"text": "John Lyly, and continue with a mixture of famous and less famous writers, the latter including Thomas Carew, Richard Crashaw and Charles Churchill. The final poem in this section is \"Leisure\", by W. H. Davies: \"What is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare.\" The celebrated writers of English sonnets are included: Philip Sidney, Michael Drayton, William Shakespeare and John Milton, with later offerings by William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley and John Keats. The editors also include works by poets less known for writing sonnets, including George Meredith, William Morris and Rupert Brooke.",
"psg_id": "13719046"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "What Have We Become?",
"text": "playlist in April 2014. The cover painting is by David Storey. \"What Have We Become?\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. The album received an average score of 76/100 from 14 reviews on Metacritic, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". In his review for AllMusic, David Jeffries wrote that, \"Anyone who enjoys their pop with extra wry and some sobering awareness should love What Have We Become?, but it's the Beautiful South faithful who will rightfully gush over the release, as these antiheroes have lost none of their touch or fatalistic flair.\" What Have We Become? What Have We Become? is",
"psg_id": "18063251"
},
{
"title": "What We Stand For",
"text": "What We Stand For What We Stand For is the third studio album by American Christian music band The Museum. The album released on May 6, 2014 by BEC Recordings. In an interview with Reel Gospel, lead singer Ben Richter described the theme of the album: 'I think if I had to boil that down to one statement it’d be out of Micah 6:8 – ‘What does the Lord require of you? To seek justice, to love mercy, and walk humbly with your God.’ That’s a big part of the theme of the song that’s the title track, but I",
"psg_id": "17971912"
},
{
"title": "If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young",
"text": "If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young (Seven Stories Press) is a 2013 collection of nine commencement speeches from Kurt Vonnegut, selected and introduced by Dan Wakefield. After the publication of his novel \"Slaughterhouse-Five\" brought him worldwide acclaim in 1969, Kurt Vonnegut became one of America's most popular graduation speakers. There were years when public speaking was Vonnegut's main source of income. \"We are performing animals,\" he used to say somewhat sardonically. In these speeches Vonnegut jokes, entertains, inspires, and conveys something of the momentousness of life.",
"psg_id": "17994181"
},
{
"title": "If I Have to Stand Alone",
"text": "If I Have to Stand Alone If I Have to Stand Alone is the debut album by Hi-NRG and house singer Lonnie Gordon, released in 1990 on Supreme Records. It includes Gordon's breakthrough hit \"Happenin' All Over Again\", which was a top 10 hit in the UK and Ireland. However, the two follow-up singles, \"Beyond Your Wildest Dreams\" and \"If I Have to Stand Alone\" did not fare as well. The album was released in parts of continental Europe, Japan and Australia in late 1990 and early 1991, albeit in limited quantity, and wasn't released in the UK until a",
"psg_id": "10508009"
},
{
"title": "What If We",
"text": "What If We What If We is the second studio album by contemporary Christian musician Brandon Heath. It was released on August 19, 2008 through Provident Label Group. The album debuted at No. 73 on the \"Billboard\" 200. During mid and late 2008, the album's first single \"Give Me Your Eyes\" stayed at No. 1 on \"R&R\"'s Christian CHR format for 13 consecutive weeks, and was the second most played song of 2008 for the same format. The album received a Grammy Award nomination in 2009 for Best Pop Gospel Album. Before the record's release, there was originally a batch",
"psg_id": "12504346"
},
{
"title": "If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young",
"text": "In 2016, Seven Stories Press released what it called a \"(much) expanded second edition\" of the book. If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young If This Isn't Nice, What Is?: Advice to the Young (Seven Stories Press) is a 2013 collection of nine commencement speeches from Kurt Vonnegut, selected and introduced by Dan Wakefield. After the publication of his novel \"Slaughterhouse-Five\" brought him worldwide acclaim in 1969, Kurt Vonnegut became one of America's most popular graduation speakers. There were years when public speaking was Vonnegut's main source of income. \"We are performing animals,\" he used to say",
"psg_id": "17994182"
},
{
"title": "What If We Were Real",
"text": "What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \"Good Morning\". The first single off of the album was \"Stronger\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as of August",
"psg_id": "15281063"
},
{
"title": "What If We Were Real",
"text": "August 2012. What If We Were Real What If We Were Real is the fourth studio album by CCM singer Mandisa. The album was released on April 5, 2011 on Sparrow Records. This album received a nomination at 54th Grammy Awards for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album. Mandisa began work on the album in July 2010. She also co-wrote three songs on the album. The album also features a guest appearance from tobyMac on the song \"Good Morning\". The first single off of the album was \"Stronger\". It peaked at number one on the Hot Christian Songs chart and as",
"psg_id": "15281065"
},
{
"title": "What We Stand For",
"text": "songs to worship Christ with.\" Alex \"Tincan\" Caldwell of Jesus Freak Hideout rated the album two stars out of five, writing that \"The Museum is capable of much more.\" At Indie Vision Music, Jonathan Francesco rated the album three stars out of five, saying how the release \"to be honest, still hasn't really lived up to a 2-year-or-so wait.\" 365 Days of Inspiring Media's Joshua Andre rated the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, remarking \"Though they haven’t got everything 100% right, some ingenuity is welcomed and a nice surprise from left field.\" What We Stand For What We Stand",
"psg_id": "17971914"
},
{
"title": "Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X",
"text": "Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X Where The Hell Are We And What Day Is It... This Is Static-X is a rockumentary DVD that was set to be released in 2001 by industrial metal band Static-X. It features behind-the-scenes and live footage, along with all of Static-X's music videos (at the time) and an audio-only concert. Due to the live footage being recorded at \"Ozzfest\", Sharon Osbourne threatened to sue the band if the DVD was released. Therefore, it was prevented from ever hitting store shelves. It is very hard to find and",
"psg_id": "8355194"
},
{
"title": "Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X",
"text": "roughly only 500 copies are in existence. Where the Hell Are We and What Day Is It... This Is Static-X Where The Hell Are We And What Day Is It... This Is Static-X is a rockumentary DVD that was set to be released in 2001 by industrial metal band Static-X. It features behind-the-scenes and live footage, along with all of Static-X's music videos (at the time) and an audio-only concert. Due to the live footage being recorded at \"Ozzfest\", Sharon Osbourne threatened to sue the band if the DVD was released. Therefore, it was prevented from ever hitting store shelves.",
"psg_id": "8355195"
},
{
"title": "What If We",
"text": "developing his likable sound and relatable personality into rewarding songcraft\". Bridge of Cross Rhythms said this album by Heath \"asks the question of Christians to see what Jesus sees in our world today so we can act. In 11 beautifully crafted pop songs Heath challenges Christians to change the world.\" Mabee of Jesus Freak Hideout talked about \"if you enjoyed Brandon Heath's debut, are a fan of Mat Kearney or Matthew West, or you're simply looking for a feel-good, melody-driven record, pick up What If We. While the singer/songwriter's debut was powerful and impressive, his second outing is definitely one",
"psg_id": "12504351"
},
{
"title": "And I don't care what it is",
"text": "joining his church the president exploded to his press secretary, \"You go and tell that goddam minister that if he gives out one more story about my religious faith I will not join his goddam church!\" And I don't care what it is \"And I don't care what it is\" is a phrase attributed to U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, and often misquoted. For example, one encyclopedia says: \"Eisenhower once remarked that 'America makes no sense without a deeply held faith in God—and I don't care what it is. Some commentators, such as Will Herberg, argued that Eisenhower favored a generic,",
"psg_id": "16186498"
},
{
"title": "What If We",
"text": "of 40 songs prepared as possible tracks. Brandon Heath said that he and producer Dan Muckala worked closely together in the process of deciding the final 11-track list; \"I'll always love the ones that got left behind too, and who knows—they may make the next record\", he says. \"What If We\" was released on August 19, 2008 through the Provident Label Group in the United States. It debuted at No. 73 on the \"Billboard\" 200, being his first album to chart on the \"200\". It also debuted at No. 3 on Nielsen SoundScan's chart for Christian albums, selling over 7,100",
"psg_id": "12504347"
},
{
"title": "What Is This?",
"text": "This’ song, “Mind My Have Still I” from their \"Squeezed\", was also featured on the soundtrack to the movie \"The Wild Life\". Their second album, which featured a cover of the Spinners hit “I'll Be Around”, was produced by Todd Rundgren, who also played Fairlight Synthesizer on the record. “I'll Be Around” was released as a single and video; it peaked at No. 62 on the Billboard Hot 100. What Is This? What Is This (known prior to 1980 as Anthym) was a rock band that originated in Fairfax High School in California and would play numerous shows along the",
"psg_id": "3452967"
},
{
"title": "What If We",
"text": "2nd album and a slight improvement in my opinion, which is refreshing.\" Nathan of New Release Tuesday gave this album \"a pretty solid effort all around, as there is a nice mix of emotional and inspirational pop and adult contemporary. His ballads are strong but there is nothing really exceptional musically. Good lyrics abound and Brandon Heath succeeds with his questions and ahis sophomore piece\". Dickinson of The Phantom Tollbooth envisioned this album as being \"a huge step forward for Brandon Heath. He's a maturing artist that continues to prepare himself for even bigger successes.\" What If We What If",
"psg_id": "12504353"
},
{
"title": "What If We Fall in Love?",
"text": "the NBC daytime soap opera of the same name; Crystal appeared in a few shows of the series around this time as herself, almost becoming a victim of the serial killer plot airing at the time. \"Makin' Up for Lost Time\" had been previously featured in the night time drama \"Dallas\". What If We Fall in Love? What If We Fall In Love is the only duet album by Crystal Gayle. All songs are performed by both Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. Three of its tracks found positions on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \"Makin' Up",
"psg_id": "10548209"
},
{
"title": "If Time Is All I Have",
"text": "at number sixty-four on the ARIA Singles Chart. It eventually climbed to its peak position at 53. Directed by Robert Hales, the video was released on 16 March 2011. The video premiered on YouTube. The video features Blunt walking through the streets of Los Angeles, witnessing life-changing incidents which reflect the lyrics of the song. If Time Is All I Have \"If Time is All I Have\" is the third single from English singer-songwriter James Blunt's third studio album, \"Some Kind of Trouble\". The single was released as a digital download single in the United Kingdom on 4 April 2011.",
"psg_id": "15514121"
},
{
"title": "What If We (song)",
"text": "under the title \"Vandag\". What If We (song) \"What If We\" is a song by Maltese singer Chiara, and was the Maltese entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia. The song was composed by Belgian songwriters Marc Paelinck and Gregory Bilsen. This was Chiara's third Eurovision entry, having previously competed for Malta in 1998, coming third with \"The One That I Love\", and 2005, placing second with \"Angel\". After competing in the semi-finals the song passed to the final on 16 May. It was performed 14th, and finished 22nd with 31 points. Lee Scott covered this song",
"psg_id": "12888764"
},
{
"title": "What If We (song)",
"text": "What If We (song) \"What If We\" is a song by Maltese singer Chiara, and was the Maltese entry to the Eurovision Song Contest 2009 in Moscow, Russia. The song was composed by Belgian songwriters Marc Paelinck and Gregory Bilsen. This was Chiara's third Eurovision entry, having previously competed for Malta in 1998, coming third with \"The One That I Love\", and 2005, placing second with \"Angel\". After competing in the semi-finals the song passed to the final on 16 May. It was performed 14th, and finished 22nd with 31 points. Lee Scott covered this song in the Afrikaans language,",
"psg_id": "12888763"
},
{
"title": "What We Have",
"text": "What We Have What We Have () is a Canadian drama film, written and directed by Maxime Desmons. It was the first feature film ever made under Telefilm Canada's new microbudget funding program. The film stars Desmons as Maurice Lesmers, a gay French expatriate living in North Bay, Ontario who takes a job tutoring Allan, a high school student, in French while auditioning for a stage production of Molière's \"The Miser\". Drawn to protect and defend Allan from the bullying that he faces at school for being gay, their student-teacher relationship is soon complicated when Allan falls in love with",
"psg_id": "18983721"
},
{
"title": "One Life Stand",
"text": "for a few hours and Taylor stated, \"we were kind of just left to our own devices to see if we could make use of it\". Bravo wanted to use the steel pans, featured in the title track \"One Life Stand\", \"in a way that [they are] not really known for\". \"One Life Stand\" received generally positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an average score of 79, based on 34 reviews. \"The Observer\"s Gareth Grundy wrote that the album \"not only sees [the",
"psg_id": "13978971"
},
{
"title": "What If We Fall in Love?",
"text": "What If We Fall in Love? What If We Fall In Love is the only duet album by Crystal Gayle. All songs are performed by both Crystal Gayle and Gary Morris. Three of its tracks found positions on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart. Chronologically, they were \"Makin' Up for Lost Time\", which reached the #1 position, \"Another World\", which was a #4 hit, and \"All of This and More\", which only rose to #26. The album itself rose to #25 on the Top Country Albums chart. It was released in November 1986. \"Another World\" became the theme song of",
"psg_id": "10548208"
},
{
"title": "If This Is Love",
"text": "all about and what we can do. We're ready for it! \"If This Is Love\" received mainly positive reviews from contemporary music critics. It garnered comparisons with the music produced by the likes of Girls Aloud, Depeche Mode, Sugababes, Robyn and Rachel Stevens, and was praised for its Yazoo sample and catchy chorus. Catrin Pascoe of the \"Western Mail\" said that \"If This Is Love\" was her least favourite song on \"Chasing Lights\". Nick Levine of \"Digital Spy\" reviewed the song: \"This debut single is nothing that Rachel Stevens couldn't have given us three or four years ago: a midtempo",
"psg_id": "7776678"
},
{
"title": "This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get",
"text": "band, with no contributions from either Levene or bassist Pete Jones (who contributed to several tracks on \"Commercial Zone\"). The song \"The Order of Death\" appears in the 1990 science fiction-horror film \"Hardware\" and on the soundtrack to the 1999 horror film \"The Blair Witch Project\". It was also featured in the \"Miami Vice\" episode \"Little Miss Dangerous\" and the \"Mr. Robot\" episode \"eps2.7_init_5.fve\". \"This is Not a Love Song\" appears in the film \"Waltz With Bashir\". The line \"This is what you want... This is what you get\" appears in both \"Bad Life\" and \"The Order of Death\". All",
"psg_id": "8966217"
},
{
"title": "What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown?",
"text": "What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown? What Have We Learned, Charlie Brown? A Tribute is the 26th prime-time animated television special based upon the comic strip \"Peanuts,\" by Charles M. Schulz, who introduced the special. It originally aired on the CBS network on May 30, 1983, Memorial Day in the United States, and one week prior to the 39th anniversary of the D-Day Invasion. It aired on CBS only one other time, on May 26, 1984, which was the Saturday before Memorial Day, and ten days prior to the 40th anniversary of the D-Day Invasion. The special directly follows the",
"psg_id": "5911781"
},
{
"title": "What Have I Done to Deserve This? (film)",
"text": "mind when her son Miguel returns unexpectedly and says he wants to take care of her. What Have I Done to Deserve This? (film) What Have I Done to Deserve This? () is a 1984 Spanish black comedy written and directed by Pedro Almodóvar. The title is sometimes given with an exclamation mark at the end rather than a question mark. Starring Carmen Maura, Ángel de Andrés López, Chus Lampreave and Verónica Forqué, the films follows the misadventures of an overworked housewife and her dysfunctional family. \"What Have I Done\", Almodovar's fourth film, became the first of his works to",
"psg_id": "6985455"
},
{
"title": "What a Friend We Have in Jesus",
"text": "What a Friend We Have in Jesus \"What a Friend We Have in Jesus\" is a Christian hymn originally written by preacher Joseph M. Scriven as a poem in 1855 to comfort his mother who was living in Ireland while he was in Canada. Scriven originally published the poem anonymously, and only received full credit for it in the 1880s. The tune to the hymn was composed by Charles Crozat Converse in 1868. William Bolcom composed a setting of the hymn. The hymn also has many versions with different lyrics in multiple languages. The \"Handbook to the Lutheran Hymnal\" notes,",
"psg_id": "10170718"
},
{
"title": "Children Full of Life",
"text": "top prize. Children Full of Life \"Children Full of Life\" follows the life and teaching of Mr. Kanamori, a 4th grade primary school teacher in Kanazawa, Japan. He gives his students lessons on what he considers to be the most important principles in life: to be happy and to care for other people. His lessons include discussion around teamwork, community, the importance of openness, how to cope, and the harm caused by bullying. \"Children Full of Life\" was awarded the Global Television Grand Prize at the 25th Anniversary Banff Television Festival, the festival’s highest honour and the first time Japan",
"psg_id": "17972882"
},
{
"title": "Children Full of Life",
"text": "Children Full of Life \"Children Full of Life\" follows the life and teaching of Mr. Kanamori, a 4th grade primary school teacher in Kanazawa, Japan. He gives his students lessons on what he considers to be the most important principles in life: to be happy and to care for other people. His lessons include discussion around teamwork, community, the importance of openness, how to cope, and the harm caused by bullying. \"Children Full of Life\" was awarded the Global Television Grand Prize at the 25th Anniversary Banff Television Festival, the festival’s highest honour and the first time Japan took the",
"psg_id": "17972881"
},
{
"title": "What We Stand For",
"text": "think ultimately spills into the rest of the record as well, that we would truly love mercy and seek after justice for the poor and the oppressed.' \"What We Stand For\" received barely positive reception from the ratings and reviews of music critics. Grace S. Aspinwall of \"CCM Magazine\" rated the album four stars, commenting how it is \"Authentic and beautiful, the newest project by The Museum is perfection.\" At New Release Tuesday, Jonathan Francesco rated the album three stars, stating that \"The Museum has produced a record that is singable and pleasant, giving the Church another serviceable collection of",
"psg_id": "17971913"
},
{
"title": "This Time Around (Heather Williams album)",
"text": "Williams put the spotlight not on herself, but onto God, when she said \"'I'm an ordinary girl who God saved...I don't want people to look to me...but to God. You don't have to be a musician, but give Him what you have. If we have Christ in our life and we've experienced that salvation we need to be sharing it.'\" The song was written from the prayer that Williams' wrote, where she wanted \"Jesus please come, please come today,\" and this was within a year of her sons' death and while she was pregnant with her daughter. The song comes",
"psg_id": "17034890"
},
{
"title": "Is This the Life We Really Want?",
"text": "Pink Floyd.\" \"Pitchfork\" said the album's \"myriad sonic references to his work with Pink Floyd suggest that Waters is comfortable with his past. The more you accept how much his past reflects in his present, the more receptive you'll be to this album's charms.\" Is This the Life We Really Want? Is This the Life We Really Want? is the fourth solo album by the English rock musician Roger Waters, released on 2 June 2017 by Columbia Records. It was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich, who urged Waters to make a more concise, less theatrical album. It is Waters'",
"psg_id": "20064107"
},
{
"title": "This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get",
"text": "in the film. The album was seen as a step down from the band's efforts. Pitchfork Media named the album \"maligned but salvageable\". Allmusic said the album as \"the most tentative and least powerful of PiL's recordings.\" This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single \"Bad Life\" and a re-recorded version of a \"This Is Not a Love Song\", which had been a No. 5 UK and international",
"psg_id": "8966222"
},
{
"title": "This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get",
"text": "This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get is a 1984 album by Public Image Ltd. It is the band's fourth official studio album and includes the single \"Bad Life\" and a re-recorded version of a \"This Is Not a Love Song\", which had been a No. 5 UK and international hit when released as a single in 1983. An early version of the album was released in 1983 by founding PiL guitarist Keith Levene as \"Commercial Zone\". The album was then re-recorded after Levene's departure from the",
"psg_id": "8966216"
},
{
"title": "What We Have",
"text": "Maurice, in turn triggering Maurice's own repressed memories of childhood sexual abuse. The film had its theatrical premiere in 2014 at the Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival, but wider release was delayed until 2015 due to producer Damon D'Oliveira's commitments to the promotion of the television miniseries \"The Book of Negroes\". What We Have What We Have () is a Canadian drama film, written and directed by Maxime Desmons. It was the first feature film ever made under Telefilm Canada's new microbudget funding program. The film stars Desmons as Maurice Lesmers, a gay French expatriate living in North Bay, Ontario",
"psg_id": "18983722"
},
{
"title": "Is This the Life We Really Want?",
"text": "Is This the Life We Really Want? Is This the Life We Really Want? is the fourth solo album by the English rock musician Roger Waters, released on 2 June 2017 by Columbia Records. It was produced by Radiohead producer Nigel Godrich, who urged Waters to make a more concise, less theatrical album. It is Waters' first solo album since \"Amused to Death\" (1992), and his first studio work since the opera \"Ça Ira\" (2005). The album peaked at number 3 in the United Kingdom and number 11 in the United States. It produced four singles: \"Smell the Roses\", \"Déjà",
"psg_id": "20064101"
},
{
"title": "We Should Have Gone to University",
"text": "stereos. If this occurs, the CD case suggests that the track should be called \"Catch (Amazing special rare 'no guitars' mix)\". The final track, \"The Last Time\", was not meant to be about the band at the time of recording. We Should Have Gone to University We Should Have Gone To University is the 2009 three-disc compilation album by the Alternative rock group Reuben. It collects b-sides, rarities and videos from the band over the course of their career. Reuben's set on the main stage at Download Festival 2007. The band record material, including Lissom Slo, at Jacob's Studio in",
"psg_id": "13737207"
},
{
"title": "And I don't care what it is",
"text": "And I don't care what it is \"And I don't care what it is\" is a phrase attributed to U.S. President Dwight Eisenhower, and often misquoted. For example, one encyclopedia says: \"Eisenhower once remarked that 'America makes no sense without a deeply held faith in God—and I don't care what it is. Some commentators, such as Will Herberg, argued that Eisenhower favored a generic, watered-down religion, or ridiculed Eisenhower's banality. What Eisenhower actually said, when he was President-elect, was that the American form of government since 1776 was based on Judeo-Christian moral values. Speaking extemporaneously on December 22, 1952, a",
"psg_id": "16186496"
},
{
"title": "If This Is Love",
"text": "8. Frankie Sandford sings the solo parts in every chorus. Vanessa White sings the call in the second verse as well as backing vocals after the middle 8 and during the final chorus. The song lyrics refer to love-hate relationships, the definition of love and its complications that can lead to situations of stalking. Healy elaborates: Healy also elaborated on how excited the group were about releasing \"If This Is Love\": [...] Getting our first single out there is going to be amazing. We've been working hard for a long time now and we want to show everyone what we're",
"psg_id": "7776677"
},
{
"title": "What Is This?",
"text": "project while the former was seen as side endeavor. What Is This released their debut EP \"Squeezed\" in 1984. Around this time, Hillel Slovak had become uncertain of his role in the band and decided to rejoin the Red Hot Chili Peppers. He left What Is This in 1985, and later that year the band would release its only full-length studio album \"What Is This?\" and its final EP \"3 Out of 5 Live\". After this, the band broke up. Alain Johannes later met Natasha Shneider and the duo formed Walk The Moon, whose sole studio album featured Jack Irons",
"psg_id": "3452965"
},
{
"title": "United We Stand: What More Can I Give",
"text": "this was because Jackson signed a contract with CBS (the former owner of his record label) over the 30th Anniversary Special to not appear under his name in any other program; the airing of \"Man in the Mirror\" at an awards ceremony was also canceled. John Stamos hosted the event, and appearances were also made by celebrities including Kevin Spacey along with political figures such as the mayor of Washington, D.C.. United We Stand: What More Can I Give United We Stand: What More Can I Give was a benefit concert led by Michael Jackson held on October 21, 2001",
"psg_id": "9709466"
},
{
"title": "What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?",
"text": "& the Bunnymen left London Records in early 2000. McCulloch said, \"What they said is, 'We'll keep you on if you don't take as much money as in the contract,' and we had no intention of staying anyway, so it was kind of 'were we pushed or did we fall?'\" There was also a change in the band's management with Toogood departing to start his own record label. With the session musicians who recorded \"What Are You Going to Do with Your Life?\" moving on, McCulloch and Sergeant recruited a new band, with whom they would go on to record",
"psg_id": "7126106"
},
{
"title": "This Is Who We Are (Run Kid Run album)",
"text": "listen to that makes them feel better about whatever is going on in their life.\" This Is Who We Are (Run Kid Run album) This Is Who We Are is the debut album from Christian pop punk band Run Kid Run. It was released by Tooth & Nail Records on May 18, 2006. \"We've Only Just Begun\" was the first single from the album. The album was produced by James Paul Wisner (Dashboard Confessional, Further Seems Forever, New Found Glory). \"\"This Is Who We Are\" is about finding your true sense of self, and then holding on to that with",
"psg_id": "8264997"
},
{
"title": "What If (story)",
"text": "has been used in two episodes of the animated television series \"Futurama\": \"Anthology of Interest\" and \"Anthology of Interest II\". Professor Farnsworth demonstrates a 'What If—' machine similar to Mr. If's. A similar idea has also occurred in \"Turn Left\", a Series Four episode of the television series \"Doctor Who\". Neil Gaiman wrote a short story called \"The Wedding Present\" as introduction for the collection \"Smoke and Mirrors\". In this story, a couple receives as a wedding present a stack of paper sheets relating what could have happened during their to-come life in common. The 1998 British-American romantic comedy-drama film",
"psg_id": "9271251"
},
{
"title": "Yes! We Have No Bananas",
"text": "1923. Frank Silver explained the origin of the song to \"Time Magazine\": \"I am an American, of Jewish ancestry, with a wife and a young son. About a year ago my little orchestra was playing at a Long Island hotel. To and from the hotel I was wont to stop at a fruit stand owned by a Greek, who began every sentence with 'Yess.' The jingle of his idiom haunted me and my friend Cohn. Finally I wrote this verse and Cohn fitted it with a tune.\" Silver may have been influenced by an actual shortage of Gros Michel bananas",
"psg_id": "8668172"
},
{
"title": "What We Have Sown",
"text": "What We Have Sown What We Have Sown (2007) is the sixth album by The Pineapple Thief, recorded over the span of eight weeks during the development of Tightly Unwound (compare with 8 Days and 8 Days Later). The record was released through Cyclops Records as a \"thank you\" to the label for supporting the band before their departure for Kscope. Most of the album's songs are holdovers from earlier albums; \"All You Need to Know\" was written for 10 Stories Down, and \"Well, I Think That's What You Said?\" (formerly titled \"Blood on Your Hands\") and \"Take Me with",
"psg_id": "11105336"
},
{
"title": "What We Have Sown",
"text": "You\" are outtakes from Little Man. What We Have Sown What We Have Sown (2007) is the sixth album by The Pineapple Thief, recorded over the span of eight weeks during the development of Tightly Unwound (compare with 8 Days and 8 Days Later). The record was released through Cyclops Records as a \"thank you\" to the label for supporting the band before their departure for Kscope. Most of the album's songs are holdovers from earlier albums; \"All You Need to Know\" was written for 10 Stories Down, and \"Well, I Think That's What You Said?\" (formerly titled \"Blood on",
"psg_id": "11105337"
},
{
"title": "This Is Who We Are (Run Kid Run album)",
"text": "This Is Who We Are (Run Kid Run album) This Is Who We Are is the debut album from Christian pop punk band Run Kid Run. It was released by Tooth & Nail Records on May 18, 2006. \"We've Only Just Begun\" was the first single from the album. The album was produced by James Paul Wisner (Dashboard Confessional, Further Seems Forever, New Found Glory). \"\"This Is Who We Are\" is about finding your true sense of self, and then holding on to that with all you have,\" says guitarist Neil Endicott, \"We want people to have something they can",
"psg_id": "8264996"
},
{
"title": "If This Is Love",
"text": "we got a call from our management telling us to come into the office to watch our video for 'If This Is Love' for the first time ever! Ahhh we were so nervous and so excited! We all shot up there as fast as we could and all I can say is... 'Oh my God, it is amazing!' We were so happy, Ness (Vanessa White) and I even started crying! We all ran out of the office after and had a group hug (yes, my idea, you know I like to cheese things up, haha). I wanted to run out",
"psg_id": "7776696"
},
{
"title": "If Time Is All I Have",
"text": "but I'm really a failed romantic, as the songs attest.\" The girl in question is thought to be Dixie Chassay, a casting director who has worked on the Harry Potter movies, whom Blunt dated long before he became famous. Blunt mentions her in the liner notes on his first album and it is believed she was the ex who inspired him to write \"You're Beautiful.\" Colin Somerville from Scotsman said that: \"If Time Is All I Have cranks up the pathos in James's trademark tremulous vocal, but the song sadly wafts away on the over-emotive hot air.\" The song debut",
"psg_id": "15514120"
},
{
"title": "If Time Is All I Have",
"text": "If Time Is All I Have \"If Time is All I Have\" is the third single from English singer-songwriter James Blunt's third studio album, \"Some Kind of Trouble\". The single was released as a digital download single in the United Kingdom on 4 April 2011. The single failed to chart on the UK Singles Chart, similar to the album's previous single, \"So Far Gone\". The song was released in Australia as the album's second single and has charted on the ARIA Charts at number 53. The single features similar artwork to that used for \"So Far Gone\", however, used a",
"psg_id": "15514118"
},
{
"title": "Together We Stand",
"text": "Together We Stand Together We Stand, also known as Nothing Is Easy, is an American sitcom that aired on the CBS network from 1986 to 1987. It was written by Stephen Sustarsic and directed by Andrew D. Weyman. \"Together We Stand\" is about a married couple, David (Elliott Gould) and Lori Randall (Dee Wallace), and their array of adopted children from all walks of life. According to producer Sherwood Schwartz, the plot for this show was originally written as a spin-off from \"The Brady Bunch\" called \"Kelly's Kids\". In the January 4, 1974 episode of \"The Brady Bunch\", also titled",
"psg_id": "1901188"
},
{
"title": "We Stand Tall",
"text": "We Stand Tall We Stand Tall is a 1990 music video produced by the Church of Scientology. It features many individuals, including Scientology leader, David Miscavige. It is notable, as many of the participants have either come to publicly criticize the practices of the Church or have disappeared. The video was parodied by \"Saturday Night Live\" (with the organization's name changed to \"Neurotology\" for the video), updated with supposed on-screen annotations as to where each individual in the music video currently resides and what they're up to. Many of the footnotes are satirical towards Scientology – \"missing\" is often used",
"psg_id": "18686493"
},
{
"title": "This Is Who We Are (video album)",
"text": "well as observations and road stories from colleagues and bands that have worked with and befriended As I Lay Dying since the band’s inception. Videos of live songs recorded from various locations during As I Lay Dying's 2008 tours. Music videos and bonus features including more touring stories, profiles on personalities & more This Is Who We Are (video album) This Is Who We Are is the first DVD from the metal band As I Lay Dying. It was released on April 14, 2009, through Metal Blade Records. The video album sold 4,200 copies in the US during its first",
"psg_id": "13159916"
},
{
"title": "Time and the Conways",
"text": "In the final scene of the Act, Alan and Kay are left on stage and, as Kay expresses her misery Alan suggests to her that the secret of life is to understand its true reality – that the perception that Time is linear and that we have to grab and take what we can before we die is false. If we can see Time as eternally present, that at any given moment we are seeing only 'a cross section of ourselves,' then we can transcend our suffering and find no need to hurt or have conflict with other people. Act",
"psg_id": "8502841"
},
{
"title": "What Is to Be Done?",
"text": "belonged to this bourgeois intelligentsia. Lars T. Lih, a McGill University course lecturer, has suggested that Lenin's pamphlet has been widely misinterpreted partly by mistranslations of key terms used by Lenin. Lih says that those historians and textbooks that misinterpret the pamphlet follow \"three mutually reinforcing strands\": Lih argues that \"even if we examine the controversial passages in \"What is to be Done?\" we misunderstand them if we are not alive to the meanings of the words used. Some of these have been translated in such a way as to confuse or even to draw readers to the opposite of",
"psg_id": "17513540"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life?",
"text": "as a highly ordered process, but which is caused by random movement of atoms or molecules. If the number of atoms is reduced, the behaviour of a system becomes more and more random. He states that life greatly depends on order and that a naïve physicist may assume that the master code of a living organism has to consist of a large number of atoms. In chapter II and III, he summarizes what was known at this time about the hereditary mechanism. Most importantly, he elaborates the important role mutations play in evolution. He concludes that the carrier of hereditary",
"psg_id": "5665916"
},
{
"title": "No one likes us, we don't care",
"text": "(which as mentioned above has been co-opted by Philadelphia Union supporters known as the Sons of Ben (MLS supporters association); that version uses the tune of \"Oh, My Darling, Clementine\", which has the same rhyming scheme, but a different melody, than \"Sailing\"), to the crowd's delight. No one likes us, no one likes us<br> No one likes us, we don't care! We are Millwall, super Millwall<br> We are Millwall from The Den! No one likes us, we don't care \"No one likes us, we don't care\" is a football chant which originated with the supporters of Millwall Football Club in",
"psg_id": "10465503"
},
{
"title": "Cute Is What We Aim For",
"text": "Fred Cimato, and Jeff Czum. This was the first set the full band had performed in 6 years. During the set, the band announced that they were officially making a comeback. Cute Is What We Aim For played a comeback show with The Daydream Chronicles and Fictitious Ray on September 21, 2012 at Mohawk Place in Buffalo, New York. On January 20, 2013, Shaant Hacikyan announced at a show in Memphis, TN that the band would be releasing new material Spring/Summer 2013, with demos to come earlier than that. It is currently unclear if the release will be an EP",
"psg_id": "7653565"
},
{
"title": "What Have We Become?",
"text": "What Have We Become? What Have We Become? is a studio album released by the former The Beautiful South collaborators Paul Heaton and Jacqui Abbott, which was released on 19 May 2014 through Virgin EMI Records. It has charted at number three in the UK Albums Chart, just behind Michael Jackson's posthumous album \"Xscape\" and Coldplay's \"Ghost Stories\" at number one. The album was certified Gold by the British Phonographic Industry on 30 October 2015 for sales over 100,000 copies. The album's first single, \"D.I.Y\", reached number 75 on the UK Singles Chart, and was added to BBC Radio 2's",
"psg_id": "18063250"
},
{
"title": "This Is How We Do",
"text": "\"Perry boasts about living a carefree lifestyle without consequences,\" writing that it's \"all about having fun no matter what.\" While writing that the video \"has that quintessential Katy feel\", Alyssa Toomey of E! added that it \"feels like a combination of [Perry]'s lyric video for 'Roar' and her 2010 smash hit 'California Gurls'.\" Robbie Daw of Idolator simply called it \"a dazzling, eye-popping colorgasm\", while Jon Blistein of \"Rolling Stone\" named it \"a hyper-stylized, pastel-soaked pleasure dome.\" Lindsey Weber of Vulture claimed that \"after the underwhelming 'Birthday' [music video], Katy Perry's video for 'This Is How We Do' is full",
"psg_id": "7481362"
},
{
"title": "Care Bears",
"text": "the 2007 revival, the new film \"Care Bears: Oopsy Does It!\" introduced new villains, Grizzle and WingNut, who persists into the new TV series, \"\". The Care Bears' ultimate weapon is the \"Care Bear Stare\" (a.k.a. \"Belly Magic\"), in which the collected Bears stand together and radiate light from their respective belly symbols. These combine to form a ray of love and good cheer which could bring care and joy into the target's heart. The Care Bear Stare has several different looks. One has a beam coming from the belly being made up of several replicated images of the symbol.",
"psg_id": "2832695"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life",
"text": "in the UK as perhaps the strongest of all of Harrison's singles. Writing in 1981, \"NME\" critic Bob Woffinden grouped \"What Is LIfe\" with \"My Sweet Lord\", \"Isn't It a Pity\" and \"Awaiting on You All\" as \"all excellent songs\". Reviewing the 2001 reissue of \"All Things Must Pass\", for \"Rolling Stone\", James Hunter wrote of how the album's music \"exults in breezy rhythms\", among which \"the colorful revolutions of 'What Is Life' ... [move] like a Ferris wheel\". The following year, in Rolling Stone Press's \"Harrison\" tribute book, David Fricke included \"What Is Life\" among his selection of \"essential",
"psg_id": "7728599"
},
{
"title": "Who Is, This Is?",
"text": "Who Is, This Is? Who Is, This Is? is Voodoo Glow Skulls' first full-length album released on Dr. Strange Records on January 11, 1994. Its title is derived from a scene in \"Cheech & Chong's Up In Smoke\" where Cheech Marin mockingly replies to an inquiry of \"Do you know who this is?\" with \"No, who is 'This is'?\". The first track \"Insubordination\" features an audio sample from this scene. The original cover art features a Japanese anime motif with the character Krillin from the \"Dragon Ball\" series in the center of the artwork. In 2012, when the album was",
"psg_id": "7325923"
},
{
"title": "What We All Come to Need",
"text": "studio album from Pelican to feature a track with vocals. Bassist Bryan Herweg wrote \"Final Breath\", and from the beginning he conceptualized the song as having vocals. De Brauw described hearing the full version of the song for the first time as \"a real positive moment in all the darkness.\" The song \"Ephemeral\", which originally appeared on the EP of the same name, was re-recorded for the album. \"An Inch Above Sand\" was also re-recorded, appearing originally as \"Inch Above Sand\" on Pelican's split with Young Widows. Musically, \"What We All Come to Need\" is a predominantly instrumental post-metal album.",
"psg_id": "13731194"
},
{
"title": "Who Is, This Is?",
"text": "re-released in digital format, the original artwork was censored to remove the face of the Dragon Ball character and to blur the genitals of a character in the background. Note: Track 1 \"Insubordination\" opens with the intro to \"Crazy Train\" by Ozzy Osbourne. Who Is, This Is? Who Is, This Is? is Voodoo Glow Skulls' first full-length album released on Dr. Strange Records on January 11, 1994. Its title is derived from a scene in \"Cheech & Chong's Up In Smoke\" where Cheech Marin mockingly replies to an inquiry of \"Do you know who this is?\" with \"No, who is",
"psg_id": "7325924"
},
{
"title": "Thousand Yard Stare (album)",
"text": "probably just more straight-out happy songs. We just felt pretty positive while we were making it and really happy with it as we were going along. I think it was the whole thing of doing it ourselves, without having people looking over our shoulder and telling us we had to have this and that on there, and constantly reinforcing that we had to sell 'x' number of units.\" Thousand Yard Stare (album) Thousand Yard Stare is the fifth studio album by Mornington Peninsula, Melbourne indie band The Fauves. The album marked the departure of founding bassist Andrew Dyer, who was",
"psg_id": "16083931"
},
{
"title": "What If (comics)",
"text": "What If (comics) What If, sometimes rendered as What If...?, is a series of comic books published by Marvel Comics whose stories explore how the Marvel Universe might have unfolded if key moments in its history had not occurred as they did in mainstream continuity. \"What If\" comics have been published in eleven series as well as many stand-alone issues since the 1970s. The stories of the inaugural series (1977–1984) feature the alien Uatu the Watcher as a narrator. From his base on the moon, Uatu observes both the Earth and alternate realities. Most \"What If\" stories begin with Uatu",
"psg_id": "2673965"
},
{
"title": "What If (comics)",
"text": "is dead and Leo Fitz and Melinda May are working for HYDRA, which has replaced S.H.I.E.L.D. What If (comics) What If, sometimes rendered as What If...?, is a series of comic books published by Marvel Comics whose stories explore how the Marvel Universe might have unfolded if key moments in its history had not occurred as they did in mainstream continuity. \"What If\" comics have been published in eleven series as well as many stand-alone issues since the 1970s. The stories of the inaugural series (1977–1984) feature the alien Uatu the Watcher as a narrator. From his base on the",
"psg_id": "2673980"
},
{
"title": "United We Stand: What More Can I Give",
"text": "United We Stand: What More Can I Give United We Stand: What More Can I Give was a benefit concert led by Michael Jackson held on October 21, 2001 at RFK Stadium in Washington, D.C. The concert was the third major concert held in tribute to the victims of the September 11 attacks. The other two were held in New York City. After he completed his with his brothers at Madison Square Garden, Jackson was originally supposed to attend a meeting at the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, but overslept and did not attend. He organized the benefit",
"psg_id": "9709462"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life?",
"text": "his 1922 article \"Variation due to Change in the Individual Gene\" already laid out all the basic properties of the \"heredity molecule\" (then not yet known to be DNA) that Schrödinger was to re-derive in 1944 \"from first principles\" in \"What is Life?\" (including the \"aperiodicity\" of the molecule), properties which Muller specified and refined additionally in his 1929 article \"The Gene As The Basis of Life\" and during the 1930s. Moreover, H. J. Muller himself wrote in a 1960 letter to a journalist regarding \"What Is Life?\" that whatever the book got right about the \"hereditary molecule\" had already",
"psg_id": "5665914"
},
{
"title": "We, Too, Have a Job to Do",
"text": "chin, and idealized face stand out to the viewer. The Scout's uniform is perfect, with a campaign hat, showing that he is a First Class Scout. A Den Chief cord hangs over the Scout's right shoulder, and a backpack hangs over his left shoulder. The painting represents the idea that there is always work to be done in a Scout's neighborhood and that it is a Scout's duty to do it. We, Too, Have a Job to Do We, Too, Have a Job to Do is a painting by American illustrator Norman Rockwell that depicts a Boy Scout in full",
"psg_id": "19234684"
},
{
"title": "This Is How We Do",
"text": "of summertime treats and Tumblr-inspired iconography.\" Chris Martins of \"Spin\" claimed that \"the wild clip is almost OK Go-level ambitious, employing bizarre sets, unique costumery, and a whole lot of color to bring the bouncy single to life.\" ! colspan=\"3\"| Streaming This Is How We Do \"This Is How We Do\" is a song recorded by American singer Katy Perry for her fourth studio album, \"Prism\" (2013). Perry co-wrote the song with its producers Max Martin and Klas Åhlund and recorded it in Stockholm, Sweden. The song was released as the album's fifth and final single on August 11, 2014.",
"psg_id": "7481363"
},
{
"title": "What Shadows We Pursue",
"text": "note, on page 228 of \"What Shadows We Pursue\", explains: \"Unfortunately, a production error led to the final four paragraphs of the story being omitted from [the earlier] edition. To correct the error, we have preferred to include the full text of the story in this, the second volume.\" This collection is named after one of its stories, \"What Shadows We Pursue\", which first appeared in the January, 1953, issue of \"The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction\". The contents, listed sequentially from the text, with years of original publication noted in parentheses: What Shadows We Pursue What Shadows We",
"psg_id": "11463138"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life",
"text": "of \"What Is Life\" on his 2005 tribute CD \"Something for George\". \"What Is Life\" was performed live at George Fest 2014 by \"Weird Al\" Yankovic. The recording is available on YouTube. The following musicians are believed to have played on \"What Is Life\": What Is Life \"What Is Life\" is a song by the English musician George Harrison, released on his 1970 triple album \"All Things Must Pass\". In many countries, it was issued as the second single from the album, in February 1971, becoming a top-ten hit in the United States, Canada and elsewhere, and topping singles charts",
"psg_id": "7728613"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life",
"text": "in a number of popular movies: Martin Scorsese's \"Goodfellas\" (1990), during the \"May 11, 1980\" sequence; Tom Shadyac's \"Patch Adams\" (1998); and, more recently, Sam Mendes' \"Away We Go\" (2009). In late 2012, \"What Is Life\" was used in advance promotion for the film \"This Is 40\", directed by Judd Apatow, although it was omitted from the accompanying soundtrack album. According to \"Rolling Stone\": \"Today, many people know it merely as a song from all those soundtracks: it's in \"This Is 40\", \"Patch Adams\", \"Goodfellas\" and many more. It's almost as ubiquitous as 'Let My Love Open the Door' or",
"psg_id": "7728605"
},
{
"title": "United we stand, divided we fall",
"text": "the following: The Sznajd model in econophysics is also referred to as \"United we stand, divided we fall (USDF) model\". United we stand, divided we fall \"United we stand, divided we fall\" is a phrase used in many different kinds of mottos, most often to inspire unity and collaboration. Its core concept lies in the collectivist notion that if individual members of a certain group with binding ideals – such as a union, coalition, confederation or alliance – work on their own instead of as a team, they are each doomed to fail and will all be defeated. The phrase",
"psg_id": "6970822"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life?",
"text": "causing a net increase in disorder in the Universe. In order to increase the complexity on Earth—as life does—free energy is needed and in this case is provided by the Sun. What Is Life? What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell is a 1944 science book written for the lay reader by physicist Erwin Schrödinger. The book was based on a course of public lectures delivered by Schrödinger in February 1943, under the auspices of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies at Trinity College, Dublin. The lectures attracted an audience of about 400, who were warned \"that",
"psg_id": "5665926"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life",
"text": "a combination that became the top-selling single of 1971 in that country. \"What Is Life\" is one of Harrison's most commercial and popular songs – a \"spiritual guitar quest\" that \"became [a] classic\", according to \"Rolling Stone\" magazine. On release, \"Billboard\" magazine's reviewer wrote of \"What Is Life\" and \"Apple Scruffs\" as \"intriguing rhythm follows-ups\" to Harrison's previous single, which were \"sure to repeat that success\" and \"should prove big juke box items\". In their \"Solo Beatles Compendium\", authors Chip Madinger and Mark Easter refer to it as an \"intensely catchy track\" and view its pairing with \"My Sweet Lord\"",
"psg_id": "7728598"
},
{
"title": "The Men Who Stare at Goats (film)",
"text": "every page\". Further, Colonel John Alexander – one of the story's leaders – has written to Sergeant: \"If you want support for your position, tell reporters (or lawyers) to contact me. You were definitely the key person in developing the whole \"Goats\" project.\" \"The Men Who Stare at Goats\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Region 1 on March 23, 2010, and was released in Region 2 on April 19, 2010. The extras include \"Goats Declassified: The Real Men of the First Earth Battalion\". The Men Who Stare at Goats (film) The Men Who Stare at Goats is",
"psg_id": "13500819"
},
{
"title": "United we stand, divided we fall",
"text": "United we stand, divided we fall \"United we stand, divided we fall\" is a phrase used in many different kinds of mottos, most often to inspire unity and collaboration. Its core concept lies in the collectivist notion that if individual members of a certain group with binding ideals – such as a union, coalition, confederation or alliance – work on their own instead of as a team, they are each doomed to fail and will all be defeated. The phrase is also often referred to with only the words \"United we stand\". The phrase has been attributed to the ancient",
"psg_id": "6970817"
},
{
"title": "The Men Who Stare at Goats",
"text": "The Men Who Stare at Goats The Men Who Stare at Goats (2004) is a non-fiction work by Jon Ronson concerning the U.S. Army's exploration of New Age concepts and the potential military applications of the paranormal. The title refers to attempts to kill goats by staring at them and stopping their hearts. The book is companion to a three-part TV series broadcast in Britain on Channel 4—\"Crazy Rulers of the World\" (2004)—the first episode of which is also entitled \"The Men Who Stare at Goats\". The same title was used a third time for a loose feature film adaptation",
"psg_id": "11609748"
},
{
"title": "Life Is Beautiful Music & Art Festival",
"text": "measured by a third party. Year after year the festival features unforgettable headlining musicians; prominent visual artists adding installations to Downtown Las Vegas’ collection of murals; and thought-provoking speakers who inspire. CEO, Justin Weniger, explains that, “We don’t do the festival as a profit center. Our only real metric, our only real KPI, is how much we’re developing a community.” What makes Life is Beautiful stand out are the people who attend, “each festival goer and artist alike have had beautiful moments to celebrate. What makes life beautiful to us is individual and unique. The attendees and artist both cultivated",
"psg_id": "18131036"
},
{
"title": "If This Is Love",
"text": "over 110,000 copies in the United Kingdom alone. The group was pleased with the chart position \"If This Is Love\" achieved, Mollie King explained in an interview with Digital Spy: We were thrilled! Nobody really knew The Saturdays at that point and for a new girl group to go straight into the top ten is fantastic. The single also garnered charting success for the group in Europe, where it reached number 33 on the European Hot 100 Singles chart. Despite the song's success, the group have since said that \"If This Is Love\" is the song they like the least",
"psg_id": "7776687"
},
{
"title": "We Stand Alone",
"text": "We Stand Alone We Stand Alone is an EP by hardcore punk band Sick Of It All, released in 1991. All live tracks were recorded in Oklahoma City, USA, on March 18, 1990. The track \"Betray\" is a cover by fellow Hardcore punk band Minor Threat. Live tracks 4-11 do not appear on the vinyl release. 1. - \"What's Going On\" - 2:20 2. - \"Betray\" (Minor Threat cover) - 2:46 3. - \"We Stand Alone\" - 2:05 4. - \"Disillusion\" (live) - 3:21 5. - \"My Revenge\" / \"World Full Of Hate\" (live) - 2:57 6. - \"Pete's Sake\"",
"psg_id": "8691368"
},
{
"title": "Yes! We Have No Bananas",
"text": "a question from Mel Brooks saying, \"Yes, we have Nosferatu! We have Nosferatu today!\" A snippet is sung by Craig Sheffer's character in \"A River Runs Through It\" (1992). In concerts in the 1970s, Harry Chapin used the title line of this song as part of a comedic alternative ending to his song \"30,000 Pounds of Bananas\". Brazilian composers Braguinha and wrote in 1938 an answer for the song called \"Yes, nós temos bananas\" (Yes, we do have bananas) first recorded by the singer and composer . The song was often used by singer and comedian Jimmy Durante on \"The",
"psg_id": "8668177"
},
{
"title": "If This Is Love",
"text": "several important factors for the viewer.\" To coincide with the release of \"If This Is Love\" the group begun touring the United Kingdom with girl group Girls Aloud on 3 May 2008 as a supporting act for their Tangled Up Tour. Prior to the tour, White mentioned: \"We can't wait to get out and sing it in front of loads of people, it's going to be brilliant\". On 22 June 2008, The Saturdays performed on live television for the first time, on \"Channel 4\" music television show \"The Nokia Green Room\". The group then performed \"If This Love\" on \"GMTV\"'s",
"psg_id": "7776698"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life",
"text": "love song – perhaps a \"lovingly crafted paen\" to Harrison's wife Pattie, as Alan Clayson puts it – or a devotional song like many of Harrison's compositions. Ian Inglis writes that the song title suggests a \"philosophical debate about the meaning of life\", yet its rendering as \"\"what is my life\"\" in the choruses \"reshapes [the meaning] completely\". Theologian Dale Allison finds no religious content in \"What Is Life\" but notes the \"failure of words to express feelings\" implied in the opening line (\"\"What I feel, I can't say\"\"), a recurring theme of Harrison's spiritual songs such as \"That Is",
"psg_id": "7728587"
},
{
"title": "That's What Life Is All About",
"text": "That's What Life Is All About \"That's What Life Is All About\" is a 1975 song by Bing Crosby. The song was originally written by Peter Dacre (lyrics) and Les Reed (music). Later Bing Crosby re-wrote the lyrics with Ken Barnes. Bing Crosby recorded the song on February 19, 1975 at Chappells in London with the Pete Moore Orchestra. The session was produced by Ken Barnes. The song was released as a single by United Artists and the recording peaked at no. 35 in the U.S. on the \"Billboard\" Easy Listening chart and reached no. 41 in the UK. It",
"psg_id": "16991389"
},
{
"title": "We Stand Tall",
"text": "in the video, an alleged reference to individuals like Michele Miscavige, who some have alleged is missing, while others claim she has been imprisoned by the Church. We Stand Tall We Stand Tall is a 1990 music video produced by the Church of Scientology. It features many individuals, including Scientology leader, David Miscavige. It is notable, as many of the participants have either come to publicly criticize the practices of the Church or have disappeared. The video was parodied by \"Saturday Night Live\" (with the organization's name changed to \"Neurotology\" for the video), updated with supposed on-screen annotations as to",
"psg_id": "18686494"
},
{
"title": "This Is What You Want... This Is What You Get",
"text": "songs by John Lydon, Keith Levene, and Martin Atkins except * by John Lydon and Martin Atkins Five songs on \"This Is What You Want...This Is What You Get\" are re-recordings of tracks which originally appeared on \"Commercial Zone\": \"Bad Life\" (originally titled \"Mad Max\"), \"This Is Not a Love Song\" (originally titled \"Love Song\"), \"Solitaire\" (entitled \"Young Brits\" on the second pressing of \"Commercial Zone\"), \"The Order of Death\" (originally titled \"The Slab\"), and \"Where Are You?\" (originally titled \"Lou Reed Part 2\"). Four songs from \"Commercial Zone\", \"Bad Night\", \"Lou Reed Part 1\", \"Blue Water\" and \"Miller Hi-Life\",",
"psg_id": "8966218"
},
{
"title": "What Work Is",
"text": "from contemporary poets who wrote more about the domestic sphere. Levine's 1991 collection made an important digression from a trend of \"meditation about a seemingly inconsequential comer of one's personal life\" to the earnestness of work: \"unglamorous, bluecollar, industrial, assembly-line work\". Richard Hugo stated in the \"American Poetry Review\" that “Levine’s poems are important because in them we hear and we care.” Hugo shares a similar opinion as other critics of Levine's work; it is edgy, gritty, and brutal but also beautiful and hopeful. Levine once referred to himself as “a dirty Detroit Jew with bad manners\", and he has",
"psg_id": "15983628"
},
{
"title": "This Is Me... Then",
"text": "was Sony Music executive Tommy Mottola who leaked the song. Rooney and Lopez initially wanted a song titled \"Glad\" to be the album's lead single, but Mottola favored \"Jenny from the Block\". Rooney recalled: \"When we played 'Jenny from the Block,' he said, 'This is your single.' So right away we both were like no no no that’s not the single. He told us, 'You guys are crazy. This is the single I don’t give a shit what you say you’re gonna destroy the album if you don’t listen to me.'\" According to Rooney, Mottola leaked the single the following",
"psg_id": "5880900"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life",
"text": "a descending guitar riff, it is one of Harrison's most popular compositions and was a regular inclusion in his live performances. \"Rolling Stone\" magazine has variously described it as a \"classic\" and an \"exultant song of surrender\". \"What Is Life\" has appeared in the soundtrack for feature films such as \"Goodfellas\" (1990), \"Patch Adams\" (1998), \"Big Daddy\" (1999), \"Away We Go\" (2009), \"This Is 40\" (2012) and \"Instant Family\" (2018). Harrison's original recording was included on the compilations \"The Best of George Harrison\" and \"\", and live versions appear on his album \"Live in Japan\" (1992) and in Martin Scorsese's",
"psg_id": "7728583"
},
{
"title": "Care Bears",
"text": "by the Care Bears at the end of the movie. In the second movie, the Call looks like a musical score which radiates from their belly symbols. By the start of the Nelvana series, the Care Bear Cousin Call was no longer used and the Cousins simply performed the Care Bear Stare. Although commonly used on villains, the stare and call have been also been used on humans and the Care Bears themselves. It was occasionally used in the DiC series to cure Care Bears and humans who were placed under the effects of Professor Coldheart's uncaring magic. It also",
"psg_id": "2832698"
},
{
"title": "All We Have Is Love",
"text": "low G3 to D5. Lyrically, \"All We Have Is Love\" the song talks about happiness, optimism and love that reflects in a new relationship . Brittany Goldfield Rodrigues of \"ANDPOP\" said \"The first single dropped in promotion of the album, anyone who pre-ordered the record got ‘All We Have Is Love.” The tune manages to be a sweet love song, while being a fun dance track at the same time. Her soft vocals are perfect on the track, complimenting the beats instead of overpowering them. Sabrina’s higher register is everything.\". \"Big City\" said \"Closing the album is “All We Have",
"psg_id": "20239708"
},
{
"title": "Houston, we have a problem",
"text": "Bennett, if you need it.\"<br> Swigert: \"Okay. Stand by.\" (\"two minutes of silence\")<br> Swigert: \"Okay, Houston, we've had a problem here.\"<br> Lousma: \"This is Houston. Say again, please.\"<br> Lovell: \"Uh, Houston, we've had a problem. We've had a MAIN B BUS UNDERVOLT.\"<br> Lousma: \"Roger. MAIN B UNDERVOLT.\"<br> Lousma: \"Okay, stand by, 13. We're looking at it.\" Houston, we have a problem \"Houston, we have a problem\" is a popular but erroneous quote from the radio communications between the Apollo 13 astronaut John (\"Jack\") Swigert and the NASA Mission Control Center (\"Houston\") during the Apollo 13 spaceflight, as the astronauts communicated",
"psg_id": "12616888"
}
] | [
"wh davies",
"wh davies",
"w h davies",
"william h. davies",
"w.h. davies",
"w. h. davies"
] |
in what year was oliver stone born? | [
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "Oliver Stone William Oliver Stone (born September 15, 1946) is an American writer and filmmaker. Stone won an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay as writer of \"Midnight Express\" (1978). He also wrote the acclaimed gangster movie \"Scarface\" (1983). Stone achieved prominence as director/writer of the war drama \"Platoon\" (1986), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Director and the film received Best Picture. \"Platoon\" was the first in a trilogy of films based on the Vietnam War, in which Stone served as an infantry soldier. He continued the series with \"Born on the Fourth of July\" (1989)—for",
"psg_id": "13019324"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "William Oliver Stone",
"text": "William Oliver Stone William Oliver Stone (September 26, 1830 – September 15, 1875) was an American portrait painter. Stone was born in Derby, Connecticut, to a prominent family. He studied under Nathaniel Jocelyn in New Haven from 1848, until Jocelyn's studio suffered a catastrophic fire in 1849. Stone moved to New York in 1851, where he opened his own studio, and became a successful portrait painter. He became an associate member of the National Academy of Design in 1856, and full member in 1859, exhibiting in each of the Academy's annual exhibitions from 1861 through his early death, in Newport,",
"psg_id": "11609950"
},
{
"title": "William Oliver Stone",
"text": "Rhode Island, in 1875. Two of his better-known portraits are of Cyrus West Field (in a private collection) and of William Wilson Corcoran (in the Walters Art Museum). William Oliver Stone William Oliver Stone (September 26, 1830 – September 15, 1875) was an American portrait painter. Stone was born in Derby, Connecticut, to a prominent family. He studied under Nathaniel Jocelyn in New Haven from 1848, until Jocelyn's studio suffered a catastrophic fire in 1849. Stone moved to New York in 1851, where he opened his own studio, and became a successful portrait painter. He became an associate member of",
"psg_id": "11609951"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "(ADL) said, \"Oliver Stone has once again shown his conspiratorial colors with his comments about 'Jewish domination of the media' and control over U.S. foreign policy. His words conjure up some of the most stereotypical and conspiratorial notions of undue Jewish power and influence.\" Yuli Edelstein, the speaker of Israel's Knesset and the leading Soviet refusenik, described Stone's remarks as what \"could be a sequel to \"The Protocols of the Elders of Zion\"\", and the American Jewish Committee, as well as from Israel's Diaspora Affairs and Public Diplomacy Minister. A day later, Stone stated: In trying to make a broader",
"psg_id": "13019363"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "(b. 1991). Sean appeared in some of his father's films while a child. Sean Stone currently works for the Russia state media company Russia Today. Oliver and Elizabeth divorced in 1993. Stone is currently married to Sun-jung Jung from South Korea, and the couple have a daughter, Tara (b. 1995). Stone and Sun-jung live in Los Angeles. Stone is mentioned in Pulitzer Prize-winning American author Lawrence Wright's book \"Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the Prison of Belief\" as having been a member of Scientology for about a month, saying \"It was like going to college and reading Dale Carnegie, something",
"psg_id": "13019353"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "understands the issues and where he was wrong, and this puts an end to the matter,\" Foxman said. Oliver Stone is a vocal supporter of WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange. Stone signed a petition in support of Assange's bid for political asylum in June 2012. In August 2012, he penned a \"New York Times\" op-ed with filmmaker Michael Moore on the importance of WikiLeaks and free speech. Stone visited Assange in the Ecuadorian Embassy in April 2013 and commented, \"I don't think most people in the US realize how important WikiLeaks is and why Julian's case needs support.\" He also criticized",
"psg_id": "13019365"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "in the mid-2010. In 2012, the documentary miniseries \"Oliver Stone's Untold History of the United States\" premiered on Showtime, Stone co-wrote, directed, produced, and narrated the series, having worked on it since 2008 with co-writers American University historian Peter J. Kuznick and British screenwriter Matt Graham. The 10-part series is supplemented by a 750-page companion book of the same name, also written by Stone and Kuznick, released on October 30, 2012 by Simon & Schuster. Stone described the project as \"the most ambitious thing I've ever done. Certainly in documentary form, and perhaps in fiction, feature form.\" The project received",
"psg_id": "13019347"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "everything she told him and proceeded with his own version of events. From the moment the movie was released, she blasted it as untruthful and inaccurate. The other surviving former members of the band, John Densmore and Robby Krieger, also cooperated with the filming of \"Doors\", but Krieger distanced himself from the work before the film's release. However, Densmore thought highly of the film, and in fact celebrated its DVD release on a panel with Oliver Stone. During this same period, Stone directed one of his most ambitious, controversial and successful films to date: \"JFK\", that depicts the assassination of",
"psg_id": "13019337"
},
{
"title": "Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1968)",
"text": "Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1968) Brian Darnell Oliver (born June 1, 1968) is an American-Italian retired professional basketball player. A 6'4\" (1.93 m) and 210 lb (95 kg) shooting guard out of Georgia Tech, he was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers of the NBA in the 2nd round (32nd overall) of the 1990 Draft. Oliver played four years in the league, mainly with the 76ers from 1990–1992 and two brief stints with the Washington Bullets (1994–95) and Atlanta Hawks (1997–98). His best year as a pro came during his rookie year with the Sixers, appearing in 73 games and averaging",
"psg_id": "8215740"
},
{
"title": "Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1990)",
"text": "Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1990) Brian Daniel Oliver (born September 5, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Kapfenberg Bulls of the Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga, the highest Austrian professional basketball league. He played college basketball for Georgia Tech and Seton Hall University. Oliver attended William Penn High School in New Castle, Delaware for two and a half years before he transferred to Oak Hill Academy in Mouth of Wilson, Virginia in January 2008. After half a year at Oak Hill, he returned to William Penn for his senior year. As a freshman at William Penn",
"psg_id": "18269781"
},
{
"title": "Sean Stone",
"text": "Sean Stone Sean Christopher Stone (born December 29, 1984) is an American actor, film director, producer, cinematographer, screenwriter, and TV host. He is the son of Elizabeth Burkit Cox and film director Oliver Stone. He converted to Islam in 2012. Currently, with Tyrel Ventura and Tabetha Wallace, he hosts the television show \"Watching the Hawks\" on RT America. Stone was born in New York City, New York, United States. He is the son of Elizabeth Burkit Cox and film director Oliver Stone. His paternal grandmother was French. Growing up in the film world he acted since childhood in his father’s",
"psg_id": "16309035"
},
{
"title": "Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1957)",
"text": "Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1957) Michael Oliver (born 16 November 1957) is a Scottish former professional football player and manager. Oliver had successful spells at QOS and Albion Rovers, winning the Division 2 championship. After retiring as a player, Oliver was appointed manager of Albion Rovers in 1991. He also worked as assistant manager to Gordon Dalziel at Ayr United, where he was building a growing reputation as a coach and especially in developing young players. Oliver then moved to be general manager at Clydebank. Since leaving the latter of those positions, Oliver has build up a great reputation in",
"psg_id": "14173434"
},
{
"title": "Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1975)",
"text": "He played regularly for two seasons, but his 2002–03 season was disrupted by injury and by disciplinary issues, and he was released at its end. After leaving Rochdale, Oliver moved into non-league football with Barrow, and went on to play for clubs including Spennymoor United, Thornaby, Bishop Auckland, Newcastle Blue Star, Gateshead, and Durham City. Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1975) Michael Oliver (born 2 August 1975) is an English former footballer who made 276 appearances in the Football League playing as a midfielder for Stockport County, Darlington and Rochdale in the 1990s and 2000s. Oliver was born in Middlesbrough, and",
"psg_id": "18194560"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "than orthodox, but it definitely holds up.\" Stone was interviewed in Boris Malagurski's documentary film \"The Weight of Chains 2\" (2014), which deals with neoliberal reforms in the Balkans. On March 5, 2014, Stone and teleSUR premiered the documentary film \"Mi Amigo Hugo\" (\"My Friend Hugo\"), a documentary about Venezuela's late President, Hugo Chávez, one year after his death. The film was described by Stone as a \"spiritual answer\" and tribute to Chávez. At the end of 2014 according to a Facebook post Stone said he had been in Moscow to interview (former Ukrainian president) Viktor Yanukovych, for a \"new",
"psg_id": "13019349"
},
{
"title": "Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1957)",
"text": "the area of player identification and has worked as a scout for Dundee United, Wigan Athletic and Birmingham City. Oliver was hired by the Scottish Football Association after Craig Levein was appointed as national team manager. Levein explained at the time of Oliver's appointment that he wanted to inform his players about all of their opponents, which necessitated the hiring of a full-time scout. Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1957) Michael Oliver (born 16 November 1957) is a Scottish former professional football player and manager. Oliver had successful spells at QOS and Albion Rovers, winning the Division 2 championship. After retiring",
"psg_id": "14173435"
},
{
"title": "Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1975)",
"text": "Michael Oliver (footballer, born 1975) Michael Oliver (born 2 August 1975) is an English former footballer who made 276 appearances in the Football League playing as a midfielder for Stockport County, Darlington and Rochdale in the 1990s and 2000s. Oliver was born in Middlesbrough, and began his career in the youth system of Middlesbrough F.C. He turned professional with the club, but never represented them in league competition. In 1994, he signed for Stockport County; the fee was determined by tribunal. He made his Stockport debut on 28 February 1995, at the age of 19, as a substitute in a",
"psg_id": "18194558"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "project toward President Putin. On June 13, Stone and Prof Stephen F Cohen joined John Batchelor in New York to record an hour of commentary on \"The Putin Interviews.\" Stone also appeared on \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\" in a controversial interview about the film. In 1993, Stone produced a miniseries for ABC Television called \"Wild Palms\". In a cameo, Stone appears on a television in the show discussing how the theories in his film \"JFK\" had been proven correct (the series took place in a hypothetical future, 2007). That same year, he also spoofed himself in the comedy",
"psg_id": "13019351"
},
{
"title": "Olly Stone",
"text": "Olly Stone Oliver Peter Stone (born 9 October 1993) is an English cricketer. Stone is a right-arm fast bowler and right-handed batsman. He was born in Norwich, Norfolk and was educated at Thorpe St Andrew School in the city. He made his international debut for the England cricket team in October 2018. Stone made his debut in county cricket for his native Norfolk County Cricket Club against Bedfordshire in the 2011 Minor Counties Championship. Having been a part of the Northamptonshire Cricket Academy since 2009, and played Second XI cricket for the county since 2010, Stone made his first team",
"psg_id": "16556052"
},
{
"title": "Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1968)",
"text": "3.8 ppg. Brian Oliver, along with Dennis Scott and Kenny Anderson, formed the famed trio \"Lethal Weapon 3\" which led the GT basketball team to the final four in 1990. In 1999, he teamed with Manu Ginóbili, Brent Scott and Sydney Johnson to earn promotion for Viola Reggio Calabria from the Italian 2nd Division to the Italian First Division. Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1968) Brian Darnell Oliver (born June 1, 1968) is an American-Italian retired professional basketball player. A 6'4\" (1.93 m) and 210 lb (95 kg) shooting guard out of Georgia Tech, he was selected by the Philadelphia 76ers",
"psg_id": "8215741"
},
{
"title": "Charlie Oliver (footballer, born 1997)",
"text": "January 2019. Charlie Oliver (footballer, born 1997) Charles William Corrigan Oliver (born 17 November 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays for Brentford, on loan from Manchester City, as a defender. He is a product of the Manchester City academy. A defender, Oliver joined the Manchester City Academy at the age of 8. He progressed to sign a professional contract at the age of 18 and broke into the EDS. He made three appearances during the EDS' 2017–18 EFL Trophy campaign. On 31 January 2018, Oliver joined League One club Fleetwood Town on loan until the end of the",
"psg_id": "20625897"
},
{
"title": "Charlie Oliver (footballer, born 1997)",
"text": "Charlie Oliver (footballer, born 1997) Charles William Corrigan Oliver (born 17 November 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays for Brentford, on loan from Manchester City, as a defender. He is a product of the Manchester City academy. A defender, Oliver joined the Manchester City Academy at the age of 8. He progressed to sign a professional contract at the age of 18 and broke into the EDS. He made three appearances during the EDS' 2017–18 EFL Trophy campaign. On 31 January 2018, Oliver joined League One club Fleetwood Town on loan until the end of the 2017–18 season.",
"psg_id": "20625895"
},
{
"title": "What Was Lost",
"text": "What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and",
"psg_id": "11413536"
},
{
"title": "What Was Lost",
"text": "for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was",
"psg_id": "11413541"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "the next minute. You better not go get popcorn. 1994 saw the release of Stone's satire of the modern media, \"Natural Born Killers\". Originally based on a screenplay by Quentin Tarantino, critics recognized its portrayal of violence and the intended satire on the media. Before it was released, the MPAA gave the film a NC-17 rating; this caused Stone to cut four minutes of film footage in order to obtain an R rating (he eventually released the unrated version on VHS and DVD in 2001). Stone went on to direct the 1995 Richard Nixon biopic \"Nixon\", which was nominated for",
"psg_id": "13019339"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Filley House",
"text": "symbol in the area. It would become the third stone house in Bloomfield, following a house built two year earlier by David Grant, and one built a year earlier by Francis Gillette. The house is now owned by the town of Bloomfield, which is planning a restoration project. Oliver Filley House The Oliver Filley House is a historic Greek Revival house at 130 Mountain Avenue in Bloomfield, Connecticut, United States. It was occupied by Captain Oliver Filley and his family, a tinsmith who served as a captain in the Connecticut militia during the War of 1812. Shortly after the end",
"psg_id": "15010243"
},
{
"title": "Olly Stone",
"text": "Sri Lanka. He made his ODI debut for England against Sri Lanka on 10 October 2018, though the game was washed out after 15 overs before he had a chance to bat or bowl. Olly Stone Oliver Peter Stone (born 9 October 1993) is an English cricketer. Stone is a right-arm fast bowler and right-handed batsman. He was born in Norwich, Norfolk and was educated at Thorpe St Andrew School in the city. He made his international debut for the England cricket team in October 2018. Stone made his debut in county cricket for his native Norfolk County Cricket Club",
"psg_id": "16556055"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "in the comedy \"The Battle of Love's Return\". Stone made a short, well received 12-minute film \"Last Year in Viet Nam\". He worked as a taxi driver, film production assistant, messenger, and salesman before making his mark in film as a screenwriter in the late 1970s, in the period between his first two films as a director: horror films \"Seizure\" and \"The Hand\". In 1979, Stone was awarded his first Oscar, after adapting true-life prison story \"Midnight Express\" into a hit film of the same name for British director Alan Parker (the two would later collaborate on a 1996 movie",
"psg_id": "13019331"
},
{
"title": "Jeremy Oliver",
"text": "Jeremy Oliver Jeremy Oliver (born 29 December 1961) is an Australian wine writer, commentator, educator and presenter. Self-published with over 25 years experience, Oliver is the author of the wine guide, \"The Australian Wine Annual\" (first published 1997). He is fully independent with no exclusive ties to any media outlet, publishing house or wine producer. After publishing his first book, \"Thirst for Knowledge\", in 1984, Oliver became the world’s youngest professional wine writer. In 2005 Oliver was named the inaugural Wine Writer of the Year by the \"Australian Wine Selector\" magazine. Born in Ballarat, Victoria, Jeremy Oliver was educated at",
"psg_id": "15092964"
},
{
"title": "Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1990)",
"text": "Championship. In August 2017, he signed with the Kapfenberg Bulls of the Austrian Basketball League. The team won the 2018 Austrian Cup (Cupseiger) and the 2018 Austrian Basketball Championship (Meister). Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1990) Brian Daniel Oliver (born September 5, 1990) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Kapfenberg Bulls of the Österreichische Basketball Bundesliga, the highest Austrian professional basketball league. He played college basketball for Georgia Tech and Seton Hall University. Oliver attended William Penn High School in New Castle, Delaware for two and a half years before he transferred to Oak Hill Academy",
"psg_id": "18269787"
},
{
"title": "What a Year",
"text": "What a Year What a Year was an Australian television documentary series, hosted by former ACA host Mike Munro and supermodel Megan Gale in 2006 and Bert Newton and Julia Zemiro in 2007. What a Year looked at the news, events, sporting achievements, entertainment and fads of a selected year in each episode. The hosts spoke to people who witnessed and experienced the particular events first-hand. Mike Munro and Megan Gale presented the 2006 series. They successfully hosted nine episodes and it attracted a lot of viewers. In 2007, Gale and Munro's show contracts expired, so Newton and Zemiro replaced",
"psg_id": "8862967"
},
{
"title": "What I Was",
"text": "What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa Children's Book Award and the Carnegie Medal. \"What I Was\" tells the story of a secret friendship between two teenagers, one an unhappy public schoolboy and the other living an independent and isolated life on the beach near the school. It is set on the East Anglian coast in 1962. The book is framed as the reminiscence of an old man recalling the year he discovered love. It is written as a first-person",
"psg_id": "10840910"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "until this thing gets to trial. I believe a man shouldn't be condemned by a vigilante system. It's not easy what he's going through, either. During that period he was a rival. I never did business with him and didn't really know him. I've heard horror stories on everyone in the business, so I'm not going to comment on gossip. I'll wait and see, which is the right thing to do. Later both Patricia Arquette and Melissa Gilbert came forward to say he had acted inappropriately towards both of them. Stone has been described as having leftist political views. He",
"psg_id": "13019356"
},
{
"title": "King Oliver",
"text": "King Oliver Joseph Nathan \"King\" Oliver (December 19, 1881 – April 10, 1938) was an American jazz cornet player and bandleader. He was particularly recognized for his playing style and his pioneering use of mutes in jazz. Also a notable composer, he wrote many tunes still played today, including \"Dippermouth Blues\", \"Sweet Like This\", \"Canal Street Blues\", and \"Doctor Jazz\". He was the mentor and teacher of Louis Armstrong. His influence was such that Armstrong claimed, \"if it had not been for Joe Oliver, Jazz would not be what it is today.\" Joseph Nathan Oliver was born in Aben, Louisiana,",
"psg_id": "559898"
},
{
"title": "Oliver (DJs)",
"text": "\"Light Years Away\" (2014). In an interview, Vaughn noted his dream collaborations to be Prince, Quincy Jones and Daft Punk. A remix EP of \"Mechanical\" was released, featuring remixes from Tchami, Dillon Francis, Values and Nom De Strip. Their song \"MYB\" was featured on Annie Mac's BBC 1 Radio show. Earlier in the year 2017, they featured on the Leon Else song \"The City Don't Care\", which was released via What Are We Doing/Interscope Records. Oliver (DJs) Oliver is an electronic music production and DJ duo consisting of Vaughn Oliver and Oliver Goldstein, based in Los Angeles. Vaughn (also known",
"psg_id": "20313531"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "kicked while working on the screenplay.\"\" He also penned\"Year of the Dragon\" (co-written with Michael Cimino) featuring Mickey Rourke, before his career took off as a writer-director in 1986. Like his contemporary Michael Mann, Stone is unusual in having written or co-written most of the films he has directed. In 1986, Stone directed two films back to back: the critically acclaimed but commercially unsuccessful \"Salvador\", shot largely in Mexico, and his long in-development Vietnam project \"Platoon\", shot in the Philippines. \"Platoon\" brought Stone's name to a much wider audience. It also finally kickstarted a busy directing career, which saw him",
"psg_id": "13019333"
},
{
"title": "Ed Oliver",
"text": "Ed Oliver Edward Stewart \"Porky\" Oliver, Jr. (September 6, 1915 – September 21, 1961) was a professional golfer from the United States. He played on what is now known as the PGA Tour in the 1940s and 1950s. Born in Wilmington, Delaware, Oliver started as a caddy at age 11 at Wilmington Country Club and turned pro at age 18. He earned his nickname because he stood but weighed . He won eight times on the PGA Tour in the 1940s and 1950s. Oliver was well known for finishing second in several major championships, but not letting it get him",
"psg_id": "7968483"
},
{
"title": "Ed Oliver",
"text": "list may be incomplete\" \"Note: Oliver never played in The Open Championship.\"<br> NT = no tournament<br> DQ = disqualified<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> R64, R32, R16, QF, SF = Round in which player lost in PGA Championship match play<br> \"T\" indicates a tie for a place Ed Oliver Edward Stewart \"Porky\" Oliver, Jr. (September 6, 1915 – September 21, 1961) was a professional golfer from the United States. He played on what is now known as the PGA Tour in the 1940s and 1950s. Born in Wilmington, Delaware, Oliver started as a caddy at age 11 at Wilmington",
"psg_id": "7968487"
},
{
"title": "Nick Stone (footballer, born 1981)",
"text": "played two games for St Kilda towards the end of the 2004 season, which saw him be elevated to their senior list for 2005, but after only played one game in 2005 he was delisted at the end of the year. Nick went on to move to New York City in 2010 and work in corporate finance. During that time he founded Bluestone Lane, a chain of Aussie-style coffee shops and cafes. As of 2017 Bluestone Lane had more than 30 locations and are expected to grow even larger. Nick Stone (footballer, born 1981) Nick Stone (born 1 October 1981)",
"psg_id": "16155167"
},
{
"title": "I Was Born, But...",
"text": "I Was Born, But... I Was Born, But... ( \"Otona no miru ehon - Umarete wa mita keredo\" \"An Adult's Picture Book View — I Was Born, But...\") is a 1932 black-and-white Japanese silent film directed by Yasujirō Ozu. It became the first of six Ozu films to win the Kinema Junpo Award for Best Film of the Year. Ozu later loosely remade the film as \"Good Morning\" (1959). The film's story centers on two young brothers whose faith in their father, an office worker, is shaken by what they perceive as his kowtowing to the boss. The Yoshi family",
"psg_id": "7167123"
},
{
"title": "Brian Oliver (basketball, born 1990)",
"text": "in 2005–06, Oliver averaged 10 points and seven rebounds per game and went on to average 16.5 points and seven rebounds per game as a sophomore in 2006–07. He was a third-team all-state choice and conference MVP in 2006–07 as he led his team to a 19-6 record. In January 2008, Oliver transferred to Oak Hill Academy after averaging 16.5 points, nine rebounds and 4.5 assists in six games for Williams Penn. He played for Oak Hill between January and May 2008, finishing off his junior year there before transferring back to Williams Penn for his senior year. On November",
"psg_id": "18269782"
},
{
"title": "What I Was",
"text": "the austere self-sufficiency of the period, which appeals to Hilary. The sinking of England's eastern coastline is also often mentioned. The sunken city and Roman fort are the focus of a sailing expedition in the earlier part of the book. Later in the same year, Finn's shack becomes flooded. In the closing chapter, set in the mid-21st century, the old man's boat passes over the school, now completely consumed by the rising sea. What I Was What I Was is Meg Rosoff's third novel for young adults. The book was published in 2007, and was shortlisted for both the Costa",
"psg_id": "10840914"
},
{
"title": "Chris Oliver (surgeon)",
"text": "and orthopaedic surgery. He was a section editor in the multi-author major trauma section of \"Oxford Textbook of Fundamentals of Surgery\" published in July 2016. Oliver gained excessive weight during his adult life and at his heaviest was 171 kg (27 stone). In February 2007 he had a LapBand fitted laparascopically and by 2011 his weight reduced to 102 kg (12 stone). In 2014 the band snapped and it was later removed. Oliver is an avid endurance cyclist. In 2013 he cycled 3415 miles from Los Angeles to Boston, USA with his daughter Catherine. Chris Oliver (surgeon) Chris Oliver is",
"psg_id": "19408111"
},
{
"title": "Joe Oliver (baseball)",
"text": "Joe Oliver (baseball) Joseph Melton Oliver (born July 24, 1965) is a former Major League Baseball catcher and current manager in minor league baseball. During his 19-year pro playing career (1983–2001) he was a member of the Cincinnati Reds 1990 World Series Champions. Oliver was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the second round of the 1983 MLB amateur draft, Oliver would make his Major League Baseball debut with Cincinnati on July 15, , and appear in his final game on October 6, . He threw and batted right-handed, stood tall and weighed . Oliver was",
"psg_id": "7484722"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Munson",
"text": "County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors. He was a Republican. Oliver Munson Oliver Munson was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate. Munson was born Oliver Goldsmith Munson in what is now Cresco, Iowa on March 2, 1856. He moved to Richland Center, Wisconsin in 1876 and to Viroqua, Wisconsin in 1885. In 1881, Munson married Josephine C. Downs. They would have four children. Munson died in 1933. Munson was a member of the Senate from 1897 to 1908. Later, he was Chief Clerk of the Senate from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931. Previously, Munson was Clerk",
"psg_id": "17619429"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Munson",
"text": "Oliver Munson Oliver Munson was a member of the Wisconsin State Senate. Munson was born Oliver Goldsmith Munson in what is now Cresco, Iowa on March 2, 1856. He moved to Richland Center, Wisconsin in 1876 and to Viroqua, Wisconsin in 1885. In 1881, Munson married Josephine C. Downs. They would have four children. Munson died in 1933. Munson was a member of the Senate from 1897 to 1908. Later, he was Chief Clerk of the Senate from 1915 to 1923 and again from 1927 to 1931. Previously, Munson was Clerk of Richland Center and a member of the Vernon",
"psg_id": "17619428"
},
{
"title": "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone",
"text": "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone \"Papa Was a Rollin' Stone\" is a psychedelic soul song, written by Motown songwriters Norman Whitfield and Barrett Strong as a single for Motown act The Undisputed Truth in 1971. This version of \"Papa\" was released as a single in May 1972 and peaked at #63 on the Pop Charts and #24 on the R&B Charts, and was included on The Undisputed Truth's 1973 album \"Law of the Land\". Later that year, Whitfield, who also produced the song, took \"Papa Was a Rollin' Stone\" and remade it as a 12-minute record for The Temptations, which",
"psg_id": "4461103"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Gannon",
"text": "Oliver Gannon Oliver Gannon (born 23 March 1943) is an Irish-born Canadian guitarist. He won the National Jazz Award's Guitarist of the Year and is known for his collaborations with Fraser MacPherson that led to a 1983 Juno award for Best Jazz Album. The eldest son of Irish jazz pianist Joe Gannon, Oliver Gannon was born in Dublin, Ireland, and emigrated with his family to Winnipeg, Canada, in 1957 when he was 14. He began playing in his late teens, after he purchased a Gibson ES-125 electric guitar and amplifier with his leftover tuition money earned from his summer job.",
"psg_id": "18565465"
},
{
"title": "Cameron Oliver",
"text": "Cameron Oliver Cameron Oliver (born July 11, 1996) is an American professional basketball player for the Delaware Blue Coats of the NBA G League. He went undrafted in the 2017 NBA draft after being considered a second-round pick by several mock draft services, but was then signed by the Rockets to a multi-year deal. Oliver missed his junior year at Grant Union High School due to an ACL injury, before averaging 21.5 points and ten rebounds as a senior. Where he met his Wife Alecia Ashford and the mother of his son King Jaleel Oliver. Coming out of high school,",
"psg_id": "20178738"
},
{
"title": "Heather Oliver",
"text": "a one-year break from the league. She then returned to the Spirit roster and helped them take home the championship in 2014. Oliver has been re-signed for the 2016–17 season. After seven seasons in the league, Oliver announced her retirement from professional basketball in June 2018. Heather Oliver Heather Oliver (born 2 September 1987) was an Australian professional basketball player. Oliver played her freshman season and college debut with Central Arizona College. Where she was one of two freshmen to earn NJCCA First Team honours and was named to NJCCA Championship All-Tournament Team. After a successful freshman season, Oliver found",
"psg_id": "19592705"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Lyle",
"text": "Oliver Lyle Oliver Lyle (1891–1961) was a British sugar technologist during the early 20th-century Oliver was born in 1891, the year his grandfather, Abram Lyle died, in Weybridge, Surrey to John Lyle, a sugar refiner and ship owner. He grew up in Surrey. During World War I he was an officer in the Highland Light Infantry Oliver started work at Abram Lyle's sugar factory at Plaistow when he was 21 and did various manual jobs such as boiling sugar in the refinery pans. Later he and his brother, Philip, became joint refinery directors. Philip died in 1955. Oliver was now",
"psg_id": "18284443"
},
{
"title": "Conor Oliver",
"text": "Conor Oliver Conor Oliver (born 21 September 1995) is an Irish rugby union player for Pro14 and European Rugby Champions Cup side Munster. He plays as a flanker and represents Garryowen in Division 1A of the All-Ireland League. Born in Skerries, Dublin, Oliver first began playing rugby for Skerries Under-8s, remaining with the club until his Leaving Cert year, when he joined Blackrock College and won the 2014 Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup alongside current Irish international Joey Carbery, with Oliver scoring his sides opening try in their 22–17 win against Clongowes Wood College in the final. Oliver joined the",
"psg_id": "19712135"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "were \"Born on the Fourth of July\" and \"Heaven & Earth\", each dealing with different aspects of the war. \"Platoon\" is a semi-autobiographical film about Stone's experience in combat; \"Born on the Fourth of July\" is based on the autobiography of US Marine turned peace campaigner Ron Kovic; \"Heaven & Earth\" is based on the memoir \"When Heaven and Earth Changed Places\", in which Le Ly Hayslip recalls her life as a Vietnamese village girl drastically affected by the war and who finds another life in the USA. Stone also directed the acclaimed \"Wall Street\", which won Michael Douglas an",
"psg_id": "13019335"
},
{
"title": "Devin Oliver",
"text": "Devin Oliver Devin Oliver (born July 2, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Banvit of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL). He played college basketball for Dayton. Oliver played four seasons for the Dayton Flyers. In his senior year, he led the team to the Elite Eight of the NCAA Tournament. Oliver led the Flyer in rebounding (7.4) and assists (2.3), and was second in scoring (11.2) that season. After going undrafted in the 2014 NBA draft, Oliver joined the Boston Celtics for the 2014 NBA Summer League. In July 2014, Oliver signed his first professional contract with",
"psg_id": "19686524"
},
{
"title": "Revilo P. Oliver",
"text": "were reported by the \"New York Times.\" In March 1964, the \"Los Angeles Times\" reported that Oliver had been reprimanded by the University of Illinois' Board of Trustees for his remarks, but was allowed to keep his position. Oliver testified in the fall of that year before the Warren Commission. In the 1960s, Oliver broke with American conservatism. Having become convinced that Welch had either tricked him or sold out to Zionist interests, he objected to what he called \"the Birch hoax.\" He was \"forced to resign\" from the Society. Oliver moved further right, working with William Luther Pierce to",
"psg_id": "3648119"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "possession of an undisclosed illegal drug. He was released the next day on a $15,000 bond. In August 2005, Stone pleaded no contest and was fined $100. In 2017, former \"Playboy\" model Carrie Stevens alleged that in 1991, Stone had \"walked past me and grabbed my boob as he waltzed out the front door of a party.\" The allegation Stevens made surfaced after Stone announced he would no longer direct The Weinstein Company's television series \"Guantanamo\" following the revelation of the Harvey Weinstein sexual misconduct allegations. Stone also drew criticism for defending Weinstein, saying I'm a believer that you wait",
"psg_id": "13019355"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "papers reported that Stone was going to direct a television series about the Guantanamo detention camp. Daniel Voll was credited with creating the series. Harvey Weinstein's production company is financing the series. Stone is reported to be scheduled to direct every episode of the first season. However, Stone announced he would quit the series after sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Weinstein in October 2017. Stone made three documentaries on Fidel Castro: \"Comandante\" (2003), \"Looking for Fidel\", and \"Castro in Winter\" (2012). He made \"Persona Non Grata\", a documentary on Israeli-Palestinian relations, interviewing several notable figures of Israel, including Ehud Barak,",
"psg_id": "13019344"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Chesler",
"text": "Oliver Chesler Oliver Chesler (born January 20, 1970), better known by his stage name The Horrorist, is an American electronic music artist from New York City. He is the owner of the Things to Come Records. British music critic Simon Reynolds once proclaimed, \"My favourite contemporary American singer-songwriter is Oliver Chesler, a/k/a The Horrorist.\" The 2001 release \"Manic Panic\" contains tracks that describes some aspects of life in New York City, or any major (western) metropolis. The album features, what sounds like, actual samples of the answering machine of Oliver Chesler (aka. The Horrorist), giving the album a feel of",
"psg_id": "6566572"
},
{
"title": "Samuel Pasfield Oliver",
"text": "over a cliff was reproduced in John Wesley Judd's ‘Volcanoes, what they are and what they teach' (1881). From Guernsey, where he was appointed adjutant in 1868, he visited Brittany, and drew up a report on the prehistoric remains at Carnac and other sites (Proc. Ethnological Soc. 1871). In 1872 a tour in the Mediterranean resulted in archæological observations in Asia Minor, Greece, and Sardinia, published as ‘Nuragghi Sardi, and other Non-Historic Stone Structures of the Mediterranean' (Dublin, 1875). He wrote on the history of two Cornish castles, ‘Pendennis and St. Mawes' (Truro, 1875). Oliver also edited: In addition to",
"psg_id": "15793419"
},
{
"title": "Rob Stone (actor)",
"text": "a documentary about film directing, which included interviews with Martin Scorsese, Oliver Stone, Quentin Tarantino, Robert Zemeckis, Sydney Pollack, Rob Reiner, Penny Marshall, and Ron Howard. Rob Stone (actor) Rob Stone (born September 22, 1962) is an American actor and director from Dallas, Texas, best known for playing teen Kevin Owens on the 1985–1990 sitcom \"Mr. Belvedere\". He later became a writer and director of documentary films, and also performed as part of a band. Stone is a native of Dallas and is the son of Dr. Marvin and Jill Stone. His father was chief of oncology at the Sammons",
"psg_id": "15389062"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Shanti",
"text": "Oliver Shanti Oliver Shanti (born Ulrich Schulz 16 November 1948 in Hamburg, Germany), also known as Oliver Serano-Alve, is a New Age musician, best known for his work with the bands \"Inkarnation\" and \"Oliver Shanti & Friends\". In 2009, Shanti was sentenced to a 6-year and 10 months prison term in Germany having been convicted on charges of child sexual abuse. The remainder of \"Oliver Shanti & Friends\" continued performing and recording as \"Existence\", with another \"Inkarnation\" co-founder Margot Reisinger replacing Shanti. Main: Projects: Thematical compilations: Other: In 2002, a warrant for his arrest was issued in Germany, with a",
"psg_id": "9245571"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Beene",
"text": "Oliver Beene Oliver Beene is an American sitcom that premiered on Fox on March 9, 2003. The show was created by Howard Gewirtz. Set in 1962 and 1963, the show chronicled the trials and tribulations of the 11-to-12-year-old Oliver Beene (played by Grant Rosenmeyer), in first person perspective. \"Oliver Beene\"'s other main characters are his parents Jerry and Charlotte Beene, his older brother Ted Beene, and his two friends Joyce and Michael. The narrator, an older Oliver reflecting on his experience, is voiced by David Cross. Often in episodes, the story is interrupted by flashbacks and flash-forwards. Oliver (born c.",
"psg_id": "3632900"
},
{
"title": "Natural Born Killers (soundtrack)",
"text": "Natural Born Killers (soundtrack) Natural Born Killers: A Soundtrack for an Oliver Stone Film is the soundtrack to the film \"Natural Born Killers\", produced by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails. Reznor reportedly produced the soundtrack using a portable Pro Tools in his hotel room while on his band’s Self Destruct Tour. On his approach to compiling the soundtrack, Reznor told MTV: I suggested to Oliver [Stone] to try to turn the soundtrack into a collage-of-sound, kind of the way the movie used music: make edits, add dialog, and make it something interesting, rather than a bunch of previously released",
"psg_id": "7321413"
},
{
"title": "John Oliver",
"text": "York City with his wife Kate Norley, an Iraq War veteran who served as a United States Army medic. Oliver has said that they met at the 2008 Republican National Convention; he was doing a piece for \"The Daily Show\" and Norley was campaigning with Vets for Freedom. She and other veterans hid Oliver, the other correspondents, and the camera crew from security. The two married in October 2011. Together, the couple has two sons, one born prematurely in 2015 and one born in 2018. Oliver's immigration status placed certain constraints on what he could do in his adopted country,",
"psg_id": "7345925"
},
{
"title": "Francis Oliver Finch",
"text": "Francis Oliver Finch Francis Oliver Finch (1802–1862), was an English watercolour painter, and a member of The Ancients, the group of young artists formed around Samuel Palmer and the elderly William Blake in the 1820s. Finch was the son of Francis Finch, a merchant in Friday Street, Cheapside, London, was born on 22 November 1802, and spent his boyhood at Stone, near Aylesbury. When twelve years of age, at that time fatherless, he was placed under John Varley, with whom he worked altogether five years, a friend having paid a premium of £200. Among his earliest patrons was Lord Northwick,",
"psg_id": "15445685"
},
{
"title": "Harold Oliver (Australian footballer)",
"text": "round 2 of the 1911 SAFL season Oliver kicked 7 goals against North Adelaide in what was his twelfth game for Port Adelaide. At the end of the 1911 SAFL season Harold Oliver was awarded his first Port Adelaide Best and Fairest in just his second year at the club. During an end of year dinner for the Port Adelaide Football Club players and officials the, then vice president of the club, Dr Alexander Benson declared that \"Oliver should have gained the Magarey Medal\" which was instead won by Harold Cumberland. He kicked 28 goals in the 1912 SAFL season.",
"psg_id": "18087046"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "La Ferté-sous-Jouarre in Seine-et-Marne. Stone also worked at 17 in the Paris mercantile exchange in sugar and cocoa – a job that proved inspirational to Stone for his film \"Wall Street\". He speaks French fluently. Stone graduated from The Hill School in 1964. Stone was admitted into Yale University, but left in June 1965 at age 18 to teach high school students English for six months in Saigon at the Free Pacific Institute in South Vietnam. Afterwards, he worked for a short while as a wiper on a United States Merchant Marine ship in 1966, traveling from Asia to Oregon",
"psg_id": "13019328"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "hit \"Dave\", espousing an (accurate) conspiracy theory about the film President's replacement by a near-identical double. In 1997, Stone published \"A Child's Night Dream\" (St. Martin's Press), a semiautobiographical novel first written in 1966–1967. On September 15, 2008, Stone was named the Artistic Director of New York University's Tisch School of the Arts Asia in Singapore. Stone has been married three times, first to Najwa Sarkis on May 22, 1971. They divorced in 1977. He then married Elizabeth Burkit Cox, an assistant in film production, on June 7, 1981. They had two sons, Sean Stone/Ali (b. 1984) and Michael Jack",
"psg_id": "13019352"
},
{
"title": "Joe Oliver (baseball)",
"text": "team at Bishop Moore Catholic High School. He and his wife, Kim, have four children: Dejai, Karrah, Gavin, and Lauryl. Joe Oliver (baseball) Joseph Melton Oliver (born July 24, 1965) is a former Major League Baseball catcher and current manager in minor league baseball. During his 19-year pro playing career (1983–2001) he was a member of the Cincinnati Reds 1990 World Series Champions. Oliver was born in Memphis, Tennessee. Drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the second round of the 1983 MLB amateur draft, Oliver would make his Major League Baseball debut with Cincinnati on July 15, , and appear",
"psg_id": "7484726"
},
{
"title": "Marcus Oliver",
"text": "main part and contributor in the Hoosiers defenses. Recording 183 tackles, 5 sacks, 5 forced fumbles, 2 inceptions, 7 pass deflections in his sophomore and junior years. After Indiana's 2016 Foster Farms Bowl loss to the Utah Utes in which Oliver did not play. Oliver announced he would not be returning for his final year of eligibility at Indiana and entered the 2017 NFL Draft. After going undrafted in the 2017 NFL Draft Oliver signed with the Philadelphia Eagles, but was waived after rookie mini-camp. Marcus Oliver Javier Demarcus \"Marcus\" Oliver (born 8 February 1995) is an American football linebacker",
"psg_id": "20133678"
},
{
"title": "Devin Oliver",
"text": "$2 million prize, and for the Brawlers, he averaged 9 rebounds per game. Oliver helped the Brawlers reach the second round, only then losing to Team Colorado 111-95. Devin Oliver Devin Oliver (born July 2, 1992) is an American professional basketball player for Banvit of the Turkish Basketball Super League (BSL). He played college basketball for Dayton. Oliver played four seasons for the Dayton Flyers. In his senior year, he led the team to the Elite Eight of the NCAA Tournament. Oliver led the Flyer in rebounding (7.4) and assists (2.3), and was second in scoring (11.2) that season. After",
"psg_id": "19686526"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Miller Homestead",
"text": "Oliver Miller Homestead Oliver Miller Homestead, site of the James Miller House, is a public museum that commemorates pioneer settlers of Western Pennsylvania. It is located in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania's South Park south of downtown Pittsburgh near Bethel Park, Pennsylvania. The house was built on the site of the Oliver Miller Homestead, which was first settled in 1772. In 1794, the first gunshots of the Whiskey Rebellion were fired on the property. In 1830, the original log house was replaced with a large stone section, making it the \"Stone Manse\" house as it stands today. It was added to the",
"psg_id": "12908610"
},
{
"title": "Adrian Oliver",
"text": "Profesional. He made just one appearance for the team in 2014–15, scoring six points on February 21, 2015 against Gansos Salvajes. Later that year, he had a three-game stint with Mineros de Caborca. Adrian Oliver Adrian McClinton Oliver (born March 31, 1988) is a former American professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the University of Washington from 2006 to 2007 and San Jose State University from 2008 to 2011. Born in Modesto, California, Oliver was raised by his single mother and grandparents after his father left the family when he was seven. Of mixed African American and Mexican",
"psg_id": "15367010"
},
{
"title": "What a Year",
"text": "Nine over the summer non-ratings period, beginning the unaired episodes on 27 December 2007. The new episodes replaced plans to screen repeats of Australian travel series, \"Things To Try Before You Die\". During March 2011, the Nine Network replayed the 1980 and 1999 themed episodes, on a Wednesday night at 7:30pm on their HD digital multi channel GEM after being abruptly cancelled and replaced with filler shows. What a Year What a Year was an Australian television documentary series, hosted by former ACA host Mike Munro and supermodel Megan Gale in 2006 and Bert Newton and Julia Zemiro in 2007.",
"psg_id": "8862969"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Stone",
"text": "you do to find yourself.\" In 1997, Stone was one of 34 celebrities to sign an open letter to then-German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, published as a newspaper advertisement in the \"International Herald Tribune\", which protested against the treatment of Scientologists in Germany and compared it to the Nazis' oppression of Jews in the 1930s. In 2003, Stone was a signatory of the third Humanist Manifesto. In 1999, Stone was arrested and pleaded guilty to alcohol and drug charges. He was ordered into a rehabilitation program. He was arrested again on the night of May 27, 2005 in Los Angeles for",
"psg_id": "13019354"
},
{
"title": "Dr. Fred Stone Sr. Hospital",
"text": "country doctors to modern hospitals. The grandson of a noted Claiborne County doctor, Stone spent his teen years drifting around the country before returning to East Tennessee to obtain his medical degree in 1916. Stone served as an American medical aide to the British Army during World War I, and in 1918 was awarded the British Military Cross. After travelling around the world, he returned to East Tennessee, where in the early 1940s he worked as an examiner for new Manhattan Project employees at Oak Ridge. In 1943, Stone purchased what was then a simple two-story building in Oliver Springs",
"psg_id": "14312274"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Cromwell Applegate",
"text": "Oliver Cromwell Applegate Captain Oliver Cromwell Applegate (June 11, 1845 – October 11, 1938) was a politician, newspaper editor, and Indian agent in the U.S. state of Oregon. A member of the Applegate family that helped open the Applegate Trail, he was raised in Southern Oregon where he later was in charge of the Klamath Indian Reservation. He worked as a scout during the Modoc War, was an Indian agent for all of Oregon, and was editor of the \"Ashland Tidings\" and the \"Klamath Republican\". Oliver Applegate was born in a log cabin in Yamhill District, in what is now",
"psg_id": "13569203"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Skeete",
"text": "Stone tribute act called Sly and the Family Clone since the mid 90s. As of mid-July 2010 Skeete now works within the haulage industry as a lorry driver for MJD Group located in Kent. Oliver Skeete Oliver Skeete (born 26 March 1956 in Speightstown, Barbados) is a British showjumper turned reality show contestant and actor. One of a family of 10 (four brothers and five sisters), Skeete travelled to England in September 1964 to join his parents who had settled in Acton, West London, and attended local schools to the age of fifteen. On leaving school Skeete qualified as a",
"psg_id": "7603695"
},
{
"title": "Martha Capps Oliver",
"text": "Martha Capps Oliver Martha Capps Oliver (August 27, 1845 – August 15, 1917) was an American poet and hymnwriter. Martha Capps was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, August 27, 1845. Her father, Joseph Capps, was the son of a Kentucky slave-owner, a kind master, but so strong was the son's abhorrence of wrongs of any nature, that he refused to profit by what he thought was an inhuman institution, and sought a free State in which to establish himself in business. He located in Jacksonville, and there, he was married to Miss Sarah Ann Higgins Reid. Oliver had four brothers, Stephen",
"psg_id": "20770407"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Powell",
"text": "the sawmill. Oliver S. Powell Oliver S. Powell was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from September 1, 1850, until June 30, 1852. Powell was born in Madrid, New York June 19, 1830. He was a farmer. Powell served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1870 to 1872 and was a Republican. He and his brother, Nathaniel, co-founded what is now River Falls, Wisconsin. Oliver owned a farm there and his brother built a sawmill there. Powell died on September 26, 1888 after being severely",
"psg_id": "19214825"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Powell",
"text": "Oliver S. Powell Oliver S. Powell was a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. He was a member of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System from September 1, 1850, until June 30, 1852. Powell was born in Madrid, New York June 19, 1830. He was a farmer. Powell served in the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1870 to 1872 and was a Republican. He and his brother, Nathaniel, co-founded what is now River Falls, Wisconsin. Oliver owned a farm there and his brother built a sawmill there. Powell died on September 26, 1888 after being severely injured at",
"psg_id": "19214824"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Springs, Tennessee",
"text": "the Dr. Fred Stone, Sr., Hospital — was built by Dr. Fred Stone, who worked as a physician and examiner for new Manhattan Project employees. Eventually, the economy of Oliver Springs became dependent on government employment in Oak Ridge, and suffered when employment levels declined at the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. In the years following the end of the Cold War, Oliver Springs and its neighbors have struggled to re-establish a solid foundation on which to base their economies. Oliver Springs has experimented with several industries. In the late 1990s, the movie \"October Sky\" was",
"psg_id": "1335376"
},
{
"title": "Vadaine Oliver",
"text": "Vadaine Oliver Vadaine Aston James Oliver (born 21 October 1991) is an English professional footballer who plays as a striker for club Morecambe. Born in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, Oliver began his career with Sheffield Wednesday's youth system, and signed a professional contract in 2010. He was released by the club in May 2012, before joining Conference Premier club Lincoln City on 4 August 2012 on a one-year contract. He scored 13 goals for Lincoln in the 2012–13 season, 11 of which came in the league. He attracted interest from Football League clubs and signed for League One club Crewe Alexandra",
"psg_id": "17473401"
},
{
"title": "Margo Oliver",
"text": "Margo Oliver Margo Oliver (1923 – 4 June 2010) was a Canadian cookery expert. She was the food editor of \"Weekend Magazine\" and wrote a number of cookbooks as well as articles on the subject of cooking. Oliver was born and grew up in Winnipeg, Manitoba. She worked wrapping parcels at Eaton's department store. She took a business course and for a short time worked as a legal secretary. In 1950 she earned an undergraduate degree in home economics from the University of Manitoba, followed by a year of graduate work at the University of Minnesota. Oliver worked for General",
"psg_id": "14657004"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Marshall",
"text": "reorganized the process for the Legislature to consider appropriations bills. His house at New Cumberland, West Virginia was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. Oliver S. Marshall Oliver S. Marshall (1850–1934) was the Republican President of the West Virginia Senate from Hancock County and served from 1899 to 1901. Oliver S. Marshall was born in Fairview, now New Manchester, West Virginia on September 24, 1850, to James G. and Lavinia Miller Marshall. He was the great grandson of Aaron Marshall, a pioneer settler about 1760 of what is now Hancock County. He attended West Liberty Normal",
"psg_id": "9755132"
},
{
"title": "Oliver James (actor)",
"text": "Oliver James (actor) Oliver James (born Oliver James Hudson; 1 June 1980) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. James made his acting debut in the made-for-television short film \"School's Out\" as Dean. He then appeared in an episode for the BBC television series \"The Afternoon Play\". In 2002, James was cast as the role of Ian Wallace in the teen romantic comedy \"What a Girl Wants\". The film was directed by Dennie Gordon and co-starred Amanda Bynes. The movie was released in 2003, to mixed critical reception, and a moderate box office with worldwide earnings of $50,732,139. In",
"psg_id": "5409947"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Wilson",
"text": "Oliver Wilson Oliver John Wilson (born 14 September 1980) is an English professional golfer. His biggest win was the 2014 Alfred Dunhill Links Championship on the European Tour. He played in the 2008 Ryder Cup. Wilson was born in Mansfield, England, where his golfing career began at Coxmoor Golf Club, having been a junior at Oakmere Park Golf Club. He played collegiately at Augusta State University. Wilson turned professional in 2003 and played on the Challenge Tour in 2004. He finished 15th on the Order of Merit list and moved up to the European Tour. He improved year-on-year, finishing 97th",
"psg_id": "10726915"
},
{
"title": "Oliver S. Marshall",
"text": "Oliver S. Marshall Oliver S. Marshall (1850–1934) was the Republican President of the West Virginia Senate from Hancock County and served from 1899 to 1901. Oliver S. Marshall was born in Fairview, now New Manchester, West Virginia on September 24, 1850, to James G. and Lavinia Miller Marshall. He was the great grandson of Aaron Marshall, a pioneer settler about 1760 of what is now Hancock County. He attended West Liberty Normal School and graduated from Bethany College in 1878. He married Elizabeth Tarr on September 8, 1880, they had two children, John and Olive. After the death of Elizabeth,",
"psg_id": "9755130"
},
{
"title": "Conor Oliver",
"text": "but also getting sin-binned during the game. On 15 June 2015, Oliver started in the 5th-8th place play-off against Wales U20, which Ireland lost 22–12. Conor Oliver Conor Oliver (born 21 September 1995) is an Irish rugby union player for Pro14 and European Rugby Champions Cup side Munster. He plays as a flanker and represents Garryowen in Division 1A of the All-Ireland League. Born in Skerries, Dublin, Oliver first began playing rugby for Skerries Under-8s, remaining with the club until his Leaving Cert year, when he joined Blackrock College and won the 2014 Leinster Schools Rugby Senior Cup alongside current",
"psg_id": "19712141"
},
{
"title": "Nate Oliver",
"text": "instructor in the Cubs organization. In 2003, he took over the managerial reins of the Saskatoon Legends of the Canadian Baseball League in mid-season from Ron LeFlore. In 2006, Nate was the bunting instructor for the Chicago White Sox organization. Nate Oliver Nathaniel Oliver (born December 13, 1940 in St. Petersburg, Florida) had a seven-year major league career in the 1960s, mostly with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Nate is the son of Jim Oliver, Sr., who had played in the Negro leagues. James Oliver Field in St. Petersburg, named after Nate's father, was the first field to be refurbished under",
"psg_id": "10706573"
},
{
"title": "Nate Oliver",
"text": "Nate Oliver Nathaniel Oliver (born December 13, 1940 in St. Petersburg, Florida) had a seven-year major league career in the 1960s, mostly with the Los Angeles Dodgers. Nate is the son of Jim Oliver, Sr., who had played in the Negro leagues. James Oliver Field in St. Petersburg, named after Nate's father, was the first field to be refurbished under the Tampa Bay Devil Rays Field Renovation Programs. Nate's brother, Jim, also played professional baseball. Nate was signed by the Los Angeles Dodgers in 1959. He hit just .224 for the Green Bay Blue Jays and Fox Cities Foxes that",
"psg_id": "10706569"
},
{
"title": "Dr. Fred Stone Sr. Hospital",
"text": "1900s, Oliver Springs was a small mountain town focused primarily on a lavish mineral springs resort known as the Oliver Springs Resort Hotel and coal mining activities at the base of the Cumberland Plateau to the west. A German-born physician, Henry Sienknecht, acquired a plot of land that included the later Stone hospital lot, and opened a general store which still stands near the hospital. When Sienknecht died in 1916, his daughter Ella and son-in-law Dr. Jesse Thaxton Hayes inherited the property. Around 1920, Hayes built a two-story clinic (the original section of the Stone hospital) on this property, and",
"psg_id": "14312279"
},
{
"title": "Jimmy Oliver",
"text": "in the 1998 FIBA World Championship, teamed up with the likes of another former Boilermaker, Brad Miller. Jimmy Oliver was the leading scorer of Team USA averaging 11.8 points per game, leading them to the bronze medal. Jimmy Oliver Jimmy Allen Oliver (born July 12, 1969) is an American former professional basketball player who played several seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). He was selected by the Cleveland Cavaliers in the second round (39th overall) of the 1991 NBA draft. Jimmy \"Slice\" Oliver attended Community College for one year and then transferred to Purdue University, located in West Lafayette,",
"psg_id": "8226990"
},
{
"title": "Natural Born Killers",
"text": "bear ad is seen twice during the film. According to Stone, Coca-Cola approved the use of the ad without having a full idea of what the film was about. When they saw the completed film, they were furious. The film's soundtrack was produced by Stone and Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, who reportedly watched the film over 50 times to \"get in the mood\". Reznor reportedly produced the soundtrack while on tour. On his approach to compiling the soundtrack, Reznor told MTV: I suggested to Oliver [Stone] to try to turn the soundtrack into a collage-of-sound, kind of the",
"psg_id": "284044"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Tobias",
"text": "Oliver Tobias Oliver Tobias Freitag (born 6 August 1947), known professionally as Oliver Tobias, is a Swiss-born UK-based film, stage, and television actor and director. Born in Zürich, Switzerland, he is the son of the Austrian-Swiss actor Robert Freitag and the German actress Maria Becker. He came to the United Kingdom at the age of eight and trained at East 15 Acting School, London. In 1968, he appeared in the original London production of \"Hair\", playing the prime rebel role of Berger. The following year, he starred in, directed, and choreographed the rock opera in Amsterdam and, in 1970, directed",
"psg_id": "6898632"
},
{
"title": "Oliver James (actor)",
"text": "Told\" which appear on the film's soundtrack. He played the acoustic guitar and sang the last song in \"Raise Your Voice\". Oliver James (actor) Oliver James (born Oliver James Hudson; 1 June 1980) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, and actor. James made his acting debut in the made-for-television short film \"School's Out\" as Dean. He then appeared in an episode for the BBC television series \"The Afternoon Play\". In 2002, James was cast as the role of Ian Wallace in the teen romantic comedy \"What a Girl Wants\". The film was directed by Dennie Gordon and co-starred Amanda Bynes.",
"psg_id": "5409950"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Tobias",
"text": "he married Arabella Zamoyska, with whom he has two boys. Oliver Tobias Oliver Tobias Freitag (born 6 August 1947), known professionally as Oliver Tobias, is a Swiss-born UK-based film, stage, and television actor and director. Born in Zürich, Switzerland, he is the son of the Austrian-Swiss actor Robert Freitag and the German actress Maria Becker. He came to the United Kingdom at the age of eight and trained at East 15 Acting School, London. In 1968, he appeared in the original London production of \"Hair\", playing the prime rebel role of Berger. The following year, he starred in, directed, and",
"psg_id": "6898636"
},
{
"title": "Bernadine Oliver-Kerby",
"text": "\"Skoda Game On\" and \"Skoda Game On Extra Time\" with Rod Cheeseman, a show talking, debating and joking sport. She won Newsreader of the Year at the New Zealand Radio Awards 2016. Born in Hamilton, New Zealand, Oliver-Kerby has two daughters, Maisey Tess, born December 2007 and Scarlett Jessica, born August 2009. Bernadine Oliver-Kerby Bernadine Oliver-Kerby (born 14 June 1971) is a New Zealand broadcaster who currently co-hosts the breakfast show alongside Jason Reeves on Coast. She has previously worked as a newsreader for both \"ONE News\" and Newstalk ZB. Previously she worked as a sports reporter and was the",
"psg_id": "10107452"
},
{
"title": "Oliver Bevan",
"text": "Oliver Bevan Oliver Bevan (born 28 March 1941) is an English artist, who was born in Peterborough and educated at Eton College. After leaving school he spent a year in 1959-60 working for Voluntary Service Overseas in British North Borneo before returning to London to study painting at the Royal College of Art, where he became strongly influenced by Op Art and in particular the work of Victor Vasarely. Bevan graduated from the RCA in 1964 and had his first exhibition of Op Art-inspired paintings the following year. Optical, geometric and kinetic art then served him well until the late",
"psg_id": "15130775"
}
] | [
"one thousand, nine hundred and forty-six",
"1946"
] |
what is axl rose's real name? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "a first name with his biological father. Following the discovery of his true family origins, Rose became the local juvenile delinquent in Lafayette; he was arrested more than 20 times on charges such as public intoxication and battery, and served jail terms up to three months. After Lafayette authorities threatened to charge him as a habitual criminal, Rose moved to Los Angeles, California, in December 1982. After moving to Los Angeles, he became so engrossed in his band AXL that his friends suggested he call himself Axl Rose; he legally changed his name to W. Axl Rose prior to signing",
"psg_id": "1323268"
},
{
"title": "Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose",
"text": "Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose Reinventing Axl Rose is the debut album by the Gainesville, Florida punk rock band Against Me!, released on March 5, 2002 under No Idea Records. It was the group's first release as a full band with electric guitars, bass guitar, and drums. The album was produced by Rob McGregor, who would also produce the band's second album \"Against Me! as the Eternal Cowboy\" (2003). The album's title references Guns N' Roses singer Axl Rose, illustrated on the cover. \"Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose\" was recorded in four sessions. Ten of the album's eleven",
"psg_id": "3135830"
},
{
"title": "Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose",
"text": "a half out of five stars, calling it \"an impressive debut that manages to combine fist-in-the-air singalong choruses, lagered-up rhythms, and urgent drumbeats with the underground, raw intensity these punks are known for live\" and \"a true classic that brings listeners right into the dirty basements and dive bars that birthed the band — and serves as the foundation to where they would head next.\" Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose Reinventing Axl Rose is the debut album by the Gainesville, Florida punk rock band Against Me!, released on March 5, 2002 under No Idea Records. It was the group's",
"psg_id": "3135836"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "Rose then criticized Widodo for \"ignoring the international outcry\" after the executions took place. Rose's Twitter page has garnered mainstream attention for his criticism of various figures in the Trump administration, as well as other figures such as Apple CEO Tim Cook. Axl Rose W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; born February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, and has also been the band's sole constant member since its inception in 1985. In addition to",
"psg_id": "1323303"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "Axl Rose W. Axl Rose (born William Bruce Rose Jr.; raised as William Bruce Bailey; born February 6, 1962) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and musician. He is the lead vocalist of the hard rock band Guns N' Roses, and has also been the band's sole constant member since its inception in 1985. In addition to Guns N' Roses, he has been the temporary lead singer of AC/DC to finish the tour after Brian Johnson had to stop due to health issues. Rose has been named one of the greatest singers of all time by various media outlets,",
"psg_id": "1323260"
},
{
"title": "Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose",
"text": "Me! played the album live in its entirety, with the band's original bassist Dustin Fridkin playing with the band. Most of the songs have been regularly played in concert by the band since the release of \"Axl\", with the exception of \"The Politics of Starving\", \"Jordan's First Choice\" and \"Scream It Until You're Coughing Up Blood (Jamaican Me Crazy)\", which prior to October 2017 were last played live in concert by Against Me! or Laura Jane Grace in May 2003, November 2008 and May 2003 respectively. Critic Corey Apar of AllMusic gave \"Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose\" four and",
"psg_id": "3135835"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "test—ya know, filling in the little black dots. All of sudden I'm diagnosed manic-depressive. 'Let's put Axl on medication.' Well, the medication doesn't help me deal with stress. The only thing it does is help keep people off my back because they figure I'm on medication. In contrast to his public image, Rose was not a heavy drug user, though he did not disavow the use of illicit substances entirely. In the early 1990s, Rose became a staunch believer in homeopathic medicine, and began regularly undergoing past life regression therapy. He went public with his \"uncovered memories\" of being sexually",
"psg_id": "1323299"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "abused by his biological father at the age of two, which he said had stunted his emotional growth: \"When they talk about Axl Rose being a screaming two-year-old, they're right.\" His dislike of touring was caused in part by the various illnesses he contracted over time. He expressed his belief that these health problems were caused by him unconsciously lowering his own resistance as a form of \"self-punishment\". In early 1986, Rose began a relationship with model Erin Everly, the daughter of singer Don Everly of the Everly Brothers. He wrote the song \"Sweet Child o' Mine\" for her, and",
"psg_id": "1323300"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rotten",
"text": "the age of 17, adopting the ring name \"Axl Rotten\", a portmanteau of the rockers Axl Rose and Johnny Rotten. Rotten won his first championship teaming with Lawless to win the tag team titles in Frank Cain's Star Cavalcade Wrestling during the summer of 1988. He also succeeded Lawless as the promotion's heavyweight champion when, shortly after reigning champion Ricky Lawless was murdered, he won the vacant title from The Psycho in Thomasville, Georgia on November 30, 1988. In the early 1990s, Rotten trained Ian Rotten, who formed a tag team with Axl, masquerading as his brother and taking his",
"psg_id": "5098463"
},
{
"title": "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose",
"text": "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose The sentence \"Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.\" was written by Gertrude Stein as part of the 1913 poem \"Sacred Emily\", which appeared in the 1922 book \"Geography and Plays\". In that poem, the first \"Rose\" is the name of a person. Stein later used variations on the sentence in other writings, and \"A rose is a rose is a rose\" is among her most famous quotations, often interpreted as meaning \"things are what they are\", a statement of the law of identity, \"A is A\".",
"psg_id": "1823518"
},
{
"title": "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose",
"text": "appear at widely separated places in \"Sacred Emily\": Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose The sentence \"Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose.\" was written by Gertrude Stein as part of the 1913 poem \"Sacred Emily\", which appeared in the 1922 book \"Geography and Plays\". In that poem, the first \"Rose\" is the name of a person. Stein later used variations on the sentence in other writings, and \"A rose is a rose is a rose\" is among her most famous quotations, often interpreted as meaning \"things are what they are\", a statement",
"psg_id": "1823521"
},
{
"title": "Hollywood Rose",
"text": "AXL, with Rose adopting Axl as his first name. They played their first gig at The Orphanage in North Hollywood and played a few more shows before changing their name to Rose. The group soon changed their name, for the final time, to Hollywood Rose when Weber discovered that the name Rose was already being used by a New York band. During the group's live shows, they were aided by bassists Rick Mars, Andre Troxx and Steve Darrow, along with drummer Johnny Kreis, who remained the only consistent member of the group outside of Rose, Stradlin and Weber. After borrowing",
"psg_id": "3581428"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "brother and sister under the name the Bailey Trio. At Jefferson High School, he participated in the school chorus and studied piano. A second baritone, Rose began developing \"different voices\" during chorus practice to confuse his teacher. He eventually formed a band with his friends, one of whom was Jeff Isbell, later known as Izzy Stradlin. At the age of 17, while going through insurance papers in his parents' home, Rose learned of his biological father's existence, and he unofficially readopted his birth name. However, he referred to himself only as W. Rose, because he did not want to share",
"psg_id": "1323267"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "much different from the conservative town that he grew up in. Rose stated \"I was pissed off about some black people that were trying to rob me. I wanted to insult those particular black people. I didn't want to support racism.\" In response to the allegations of homophobia, Rose stated that he considered himself \"pro-heterosexual\" but is \"not against [homosexuals] doing what they want to do as long as it's not hurting anybody else and they're not forcing it upon [him]\". He blamed this attitude on \"bad experiences\" with gay men, citing an attempted rape in his late teens and",
"psg_id": "1323276"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "allegedly molest him before disappearing from Lafayette. His mother remarried to Stephen L. Bailey, and changed her son's name to William Bruce Bailey. He has two younger siblings—a sister, Amy, and a half-brother, Stuart. Until the age of 17, Rose believed that Bailey was his natural father. He never met his biological father as an adult; William Rose Sr. was murdered in Marion, Illinois, in 1984 by a criminal acquaintance who was convicted even though the body was never recovered. Rose did not learn about the murder until years later. The Bailey household was very religious; Rose and his family",
"psg_id": "1323265"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "users may feel uncomfortable with the knowledge that their real names would be publicly displayed and choose, instead, to use a fake name that appears real to Facebook under its Name Policy. Unlike Facebook, the Twitter social networking site does not require users to enter real names when creating Twitter accounts, and the site is entirely void of the real-name system. According to Twitter's former CEO, Dick Costolo, the social networking site does not care what a user's real name is as long as the site connects users to the information that they care about. Whether the information comes from",
"psg_id": "16575030"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "the crowd. In 1992, Rose stated, \"Most performers would go to a security person in their organization, and it would just be done very quietly. I'll confront the person, stop the song: 'Guess what: You wasted your money, you get to leave.'\" As a result of the deaths at Monsters of Rock, the festival was canceled the following year. In November 1988, Guns N' Roses released the stopgap album \"G N' R Lies\", which sold more than five million copies in the U.S. alone. The band – and Rose in particular – were accused of promoting racist and homophobic attitudes",
"psg_id": "1323274"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "abruptly left the group in November 1991; he was replaced by Gilby Clarke of Kill For Thrills. Of his reasons for leaving, Stradlin said, \"I didn't like the complications that became such a part of daily life in Guns N' Roses,\" citing the riot and Rose's chronic lateness as examples, as well as his new-found sobriety making it difficult to be around other bandmates' continued alcohol and substance abuse. At some point during the remainder of the tour, Rose reportedly demanded, and received, sole ownership of the Guns N' Roses name from Slash and Duff McKagan; Rose allegedly issued an",
"psg_id": "1323282"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "ultimatum—they had to sign the name over to him or he would not perform. (In 2008, however, Rose stated that these reports were false and that the alleged coercion would have rendered the contract legally untenable.) Another riot occurred in August 1992 at Montreal's Olympic Stadium, during a co-headlining tour with Metallica. Prior to Guns N' Roses' appearance, Metallica's set was cut short after singer-guitarist James Hetfield suffered second-degree burns in a pyrotechnics accident. However, Guns N' Roses was unable to go on stage early, because Rose once again was late arriving at the venue. Nearly an hour into their",
"psg_id": "1323283"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rotten",
"text": "WWE which alleged that wrestlers incurred traumatic brain injuries during their tenure and that the company concealed the risks of injury. The suit is litigated by attorney Konstantine Kyros, who has been involved in a number of other lawsuits against WWE. On October 21, 2016, it was revealed Knighton suffered from CTE. Axl Rotten Brian Knighton (April 21, 1971 – February 4, 2016), better known by the ring name Axl Rotten, was an American professional wrestler. In the early 1990s, he was a part of the tag team The Bad Breed with Ian Rotten. He had a short stint with",
"psg_id": "5098482"
},
{
"title": "Axl Hazarika",
"text": "Axl Hazarika Axl Hazarika, avant-garde composer, electronic music producer, record producer, singer, songwriter, film-maker, entrepreneur hailing from Guwahati, Assam, is the pioneer of electronica/industrial/avant-garde music in Northeast India. Axl Hazarika made his official VEVO debut on 27 June ’13 with the exclusive release of the music video of his hit Indian song ‘Hum Badal Gaye’. Axl founded an independent record label Elektrokore Music in 2012, which goes by the tagline ‘By Musicians. For Musicians.’ Axl Hazarika started an EDM project called Rainbow Trip in late 2015 with the release of a psytrance set “Trippy Experience” on SoundCloud, which hit the",
"psg_id": "16310819"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "year, Rose also joined AC/DC, replacing Brian Johnson as the lead singer of the group and embarked on a world tour with them. Rose was born William Bruce Rose Jr. in Lafayette, Indiana, the oldest child of Sharon Elizabeth (née Lintner), then 16 years old and still in high school, and William Bruce Rose, then 20 years old. He is of paternal Scots-Irish and maternal German ancestry. His father has been described as \"a troubled and charismatic local delinquent,\" and the pregnancy was unplanned. His parents separated when Rose was approximately two years old, prompting his father to abduct and",
"psg_id": "1323264"
},
{
"title": "A Rose Is Still a Rose (song)",
"text": "A Rose Is Still a Rose (song) \"A Rose Is Still a Rose\" is a 1998 single written and produced by Lauryn Hill and recorded and released by singer Aretha Franklin off the album of the same name. Written by Hill for Franklin, the song is feminist-based, focused on a motherly figure giving advice to a younger woman who keeps getting into bad relationships. Throughout the song, Franklin advises that in spite of everything and despite the woman's \"scorned roses and thorn crowns\" that the woman is \"still a rose\". Elements of the song \"What I Am\" by Edie Brickell",
"psg_id": "15368173"
},
{
"title": "Rose Is Rose",
"text": "especially Rose and Pasquale. Rose and sometimes Jimbo are drawn as little children to emphasize \"inner child\" experiences. Rose is sometimes shown leaning against her \"let it be\" tree when dealing with heavy burdens. The strip also features highly daring \"camera angles\" and perspectives, often giving the illusion through frames of real motion. The strip often shows an alternate point of view based on the characters' fantasies. Rose often sees herself as a biker chick when faced with a conflict between selfish desire and social obligations, or when confronted with challenges to her usually mild-mannered personality. On the rare occasions",
"psg_id": "2944226"
},
{
"title": "Hollywood Rose",
"text": "Hollywood Rose Hollywood Rose was an American hard rock group formed in 1983. They are best known as the precursor for what would eventually become Guns N' Roses. The group was founded by Axl Rose, Izzy Stradlin and Chris Weber, while they were aided during live shows by Rick Mars, Johnny Kreis, Steve Darrow and Andre Troxx. Rose, Stradlin and Weber, along with Kreis, recorded a five-song demo in 1984. However, after a number of lineup changes, which includes Weber and Kreis being replaced by Slash and Steven Adler (both then of Road Crew) as well the departure of Stradlin,",
"psg_id": "3581425"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "Everly appeared in the accompanying music video. Rose and Everly were married on April 28, 1990 in Las Vegas. Less than a month later, Rose first filed for divorce. The couple later reconciled, during which Everly became pregnant. She suffered a miscarriage in October 1990, which deeply affected Rose, who had wanted to start a family. Everly left Rose the following November after an altercation; they annulled their marriage in January 1991. In 1994, Everly filed a suit accusing Rose of physical and emotional abuse throughout their relationship. The lawsuit was settled out of court. In mid-1991, Rose became involved",
"psg_id": "1323301"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rotten",
"text": "stage name from Tommy Chong's character in \"Get Out of My Room\". The duo, known as The Bad Breed, wrestled primarily in the Mid-Eastern Wrestling Federation. Axl later opened his own professional wrestling promotion in Maryland called Universal Independent Wrestling. The promotion featured wrestlers such as the Bad Breed, Bam Bam Bigelow and Scotty The Body. It had a television series that aired on Saturday nights on the local ABC channel. The promotion closed in the mid-1990s. From 1991 to 1993, Axl and Ian Rotten had a run with the Global Wrestling Federation (GWF) in Texas, being featured on their",
"psg_id": "5098464"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rotten",
"text": "Axl Rotten Brian Knighton (April 21, 1971 – February 4, 2016), better known by the ring name Axl Rotten, was an American professional wrestler. In the early 1990s, he was a part of the tag team The Bad Breed with Ian Rotten. He had a short stint with World Championship Wrestling in 1991, but he was best known for his appearances with Extreme Championship Wrestling (ECW) from 1993 to 1999. Bad Breed competed in ECW's tag team division in the early years of the company until the team was forced to disband after losing to The Pitbulls and engaged in",
"psg_id": "5098461"
},
{
"title": "Rose (given name)",
"text": "of Old English rōse from the Latin rosa; phonetically linked to the Greek rhódon, which is independent of the etymology of the surname Rose. Distinctions can sometimes be made between individuals who derive this given name after the surname and those who are named after the flower. Rhoda, as in Acts 12:12-15, is the Greek equivalent. Rosalia was the name of a 12th-century Sicilian saint. St. Rose of Lima was the first person born in the Americas to be canonized. Rose (given name) Rose is a given female name. It is a late Latin name derived from \"rosa\", meaning \"rose\".",
"psg_id": "13863916"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released",
"psg_id": "19789527"
},
{
"title": "Hollywood Rose",
"text": "Japanese edition of the album included a DVD with footage of the group. On June 21, 2004, Axl Rose had sought an injunction against the release of the album, suing Cleopatra Records for trademark infringement, violation of rights in his name and likeness, and for unfair competition. Slash and former Guns N' Roses bassist Duff McKagan were also named as plaintiffs with Rose. However, on July 6, United States district court Judge Gary A. Fees denied the motion of Rose and his Guns N' Roses partnership for a preliminary injunction against the independent record label. Hollywood Rose Hollywood Rose was",
"psg_id": "3581434"
},
{
"title": "My Name Is My Name",
"text": "\"A few poor production choices and uneven sequencing do slow the album, but it shows flashes of real brilliance. The best tracks here are produced by Kanye and Pharrell, and they're concentrated at the beginning and end. The smattering in the middle of the tracklist is handled by host of collaborators, not all of them effectively complimenting Pusha's rawness. While not the defining statement it could’ve been, \"My Name Is My Name\" shows different sides of Pusha T as he becomes a more multidimensional rapper.\" Jabbari Weekes of \"Exclaim!\" said, \"A majority of \"My Name Is My Name\"'s sounds are",
"psg_id": "16953083"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "performance at Rock in Rio 4. Rose was subsequently sued by former band manager Irving Azoff, who sought $1.87 million in unpaid fees related to the tour. In a countersuit, Rose alleged Azoff had deliberately mismanaged the band and their album's promotion to force him to join his former bandmates for a reunion tour. Both cases were settled. According to Rose in 2011, part of the settlement agreement dictated that Rose and the current Guns N' Roses had to do a number of performances with Azoff's company Live Nation as the promoter. In November 2010, Rose sued Activision, the producers",
"psg_id": "1323292"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "\"Shadow of Your Love\", and \"Reckless Life\", which was released in 2004 as \"The Roots of Guns N' Roses\". Guitarist Slash and drummer Steven Adler, future members of Guns N' Roses, joined Hollywood Rose before the band's dissolution. Rose then joined L.A. Guns. While struggling to make an impact on the Hollywood music scene, Rose held down a variety of jobs, including the position of night manager at the Tower Records location on Sunset Boulevard. Rose and Stradlin also smoked cigarettes for a scientific study at UCLA for the reported wages of $8 per hour (). In March 1985, Rose",
"psg_id": "1323270"
},
{
"title": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase",
"text": "drugs to target this signalling pathway and treat cancers. Several drugs classified as \"AXL inhibitors\" have entered clinical trials; however, many target multiple kinase receptors in addition to AXL. The most advanced AXL \"selective\" inhibitor is bemcentinib (BGB324 or R428), an oral small molecule currently in multiple Phase II clinical trials for NSCLC, TNBC, AML and melanoma. Bemcentinib is being pursued as monotherapy and as combination therapy with existing and emerging targeted therapies, immunotherapies and chemotherapy. A monoclonal antibody targeting AXL (YW327.6S2) and an AXL decoy receptor (GL2I.T) are currently in preclinical development. Additionally, an oral AXL inhibitor (TP-0903) is",
"psg_id": "11316273"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "the twin albums \"Use Your Illusion I\" and \"Use Your Illusion II\" (1991), were also widely successful; they respectively debuted at No. 2 and No. 1 on the \"Billboard\" 200 and have sold a combined 35 million copies worldwide. After 1994, following the conclusion of their two-and-a-half-year Use Your Illusion Tour, Rose disappeared from public life for several years, while the band disintegrated due to personal and musical differences. As its sole remaining original member, he was able to continue working under the Guns N' Roses banner because he had legally obtained the band name. In 2001, he resurfaced with",
"psg_id": "1323262"
},
{
"title": "Rose (given name)",
"text": "Rose (given name) Rose is a given female name. It is a late Latin name derived from \"rosa\", meaning \"rose\". Nicknames are Rosa, Rosalie, Rosina, Rosaria, Rosie. Similar names are Rosanna, Roseanne, Rosamunde. Rose was originally a Norman form of a German name Hrodheid, composed of the words Hrod (\"fame\") and Heid (\"kind\", \"type\"). It was originally spelled (by the Normans) Roese or Rohese. It was used in England, Italy, and France throughout the Middle Ages, and its popularity increased during the 19th century while still regarded as being a flower name. The name of the flower has the etymology",
"psg_id": "13863915"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "work. Slash finally left Guns N' Roses in October 1996 due to his differences with Rose, while Matt Sorum was fired in June 1997 after an argument over Tobias's involvement in the band. Duff McKagan departed the band in August of that year, leaving Rose and Dizzy Reed as the only remaining band members of the \"Use Your Illusion\" era. As the stability of Guns N' Roses collapsed, Rose withdrew from public view. The band never officially broke up, although it did not tour or perform for several years and no new material was released. Rose continued to recruit new",
"psg_id": "1323287"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "Controversy ensued, and the band subsequently pledged to donate any royalties to the son of one of Manson's victims. Without consultation from his bandmates, Rose did not renew Gilby Clarke's contract with the band in June 1994, as he claimed Clarke to be only a \"hired hand.\" Tension between Rose and Slash reached a breaking point after the latter discovered that Rose had hired his childhood friend Paul \"Huge\" Tobias as Clarke's replacement. Although the band recorded material during this time, it was ultimately not used because, according to Rose, their lack of collaboration prevented them from producing their best",
"psg_id": "1323286"
},
{
"title": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase",
"text": "In cancer, AXL is expressed on the tumor cells as well as adjacent immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, and NK cells. Axl is an inhibitor of the innate immune response. The function of activated AXL in normal tissues includes the efficient clearance of apoptotic material and the dampening of TLR-dependent inflammatory responses and natural killer cell activity. AXL is a putative driver of diverse cellular processes that are critical for the development, growth, and spread of tumours, including proliferation, invasiveness and migration, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stemness, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. AXL has been implicated as a cancer driver and correlated",
"psg_id": "11316270"
},
{
"title": "Axl Hazarika",
"text": "Gaye.\" Directed by Ryan Hazarika, it is also the first animation film from Northeast India. The storyline of the film focuses on the relationship between a boy and his pet cat. The \"soundtrack (OST)\" of the film was released on 14 February 2012. On 26 January 2012, Axl Hazarika released his solo album titled Elektrokore 1, which is the first industrial music album from northeast India. Axl founded an independent record label Elektrokore Music in 2012, which goes by the tagline ‘By Musicians. For Musicians.’ Axl formed an EDM project Rainbow Trip with girlfriend Amrita Sonowal in late 2015. Their",
"psg_id": "16310822"
},
{
"title": "A Rose Is Still a Rose",
"text": "22 on the UK Singles Chart, marking Franklin's last top 40 hit on both markets until her death in 2018. In addition, \"A Rose Is Still a Rose\" topped \"Billboard\"s Dance Club Songs chart and peaked at number five on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs. Follow-up \"Here We Go Again\" also reached number one on \"Billboard\"s Dance Club Songs. Samples A Rose Is Still a Rose A Rose is Still a Rose is the thirty-fourth studio album by American recording artist Aretha Franklin. It was released on March 10, 1998 by Arista Records. Conceived after a longer hiatus and a complete",
"psg_id": "8247097"
},
{
"title": "Axl Hazarika",
"text": "first work was a psytrance set “Trippy Experience” that topped SoundCloud Trance charts for 12 consecutive weeks and still remains in the top 50 with over 7 million plays. Rainbow Trip released their debut music video Goru Bihu Song on 27 May 2016. Goru Bihu Song is the first Assamese folk EDM song. Axl Hazarika Axl Hazarika, avant-garde composer, electronic music producer, record producer, singer, songwriter, film-maker, entrepreneur hailing from Guwahati, Assam, is the pioneer of electronica/industrial/avant-garde music in Northeast India. Axl Hazarika made his official VEVO debut on 27 June ’13 with the exclusive release of the music video",
"psg_id": "16310823"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "in a tumultuous high-profile relationship with supermodel Stephanie Seymour. During their relationship, Seymour appeared in the music videos for \"Don't Cry\" and \"November Rain\". Rose became deeply attached to Seymour's young son, Dylan, and tried to be a good father figure for the child, as there had been none in his own life. Seymour and Rose became engaged in February 1993, but separated three weeks later. On April 28, 2015, Rose sent a letter to Indonesian President Joko Widodo asking Widodo to remove the option of the death penalty in the case of the Bali Nine on grounds of humanitarianism.",
"psg_id": "1323302"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "tour was cancelled by the promoter, Rose again withdrew from the public view. During this time, he joined Slash and Duff McKagan in a lawsuit against Geffen Records in an unsuccessful attempt to block the release of the \"Greatest Hits\" compilation album, and lent his voice to the 2004 video game \"\". In a rare interview in January 2006, Rose stated that \"people will hear music this year.\" While Guns N' Roses toured extensively throughout 2006 and 2007, with several guest appearances by Izzy Stradlin, \"Chinese Democracy\" again failed to materialize. Rose did collaborate with his friend Sebastian Bach on",
"psg_id": "1323290"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "show, Rose complained of voice problems before walking off stage, following which a riot erupted in downtown Montreal, resulting in an estimated $400,000 in damages. In November of that year, Rose was convicted of property damage and assault in relation to the Riverport riot; he was fined $50,000 and received two years' probation. Guns N' Roses played its final show of the Use Your Illusion Tour on July 17, 1993, at River Plate Stadium in Buenos Aires; it proved to be Rose's last live performance with the band for seven and a half years. The following August, Rose testified in",
"psg_id": "1323284"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "May 1991, still without an album to promote, the band embarked on the two-and-a-half-year Use Your Illusion Tour, which became known for its financial success and myriad controversial incidents that occurred during shows, including late starts, on-stage rantings and even riots. Rose received much criticism for his late appearances at concerts, sometimes taking the stage hours after the band was scheduled to perform. In July 1991, 90 minutes into a concert at the Riverport Amphitheater near St. Louis, after on-stage requests from Rose for security personnel to confiscate a fan's video camera, Rose himself dived into the crowd to seize",
"psg_id": "1323280"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "with the song \"One in a Million\", in which Rose warns \"niggers\" to \"get out of my way\" and complains about \"faggots\" who \"spread some fucking disease\". During the controversy, Rose defended his use of the racial slur by claiming that \"it's a word to describe somebody that is basically a pain in your life, a problem. The word nigger doesn't necessarily mean black.\" In 1992, however, he conceded that the song reflected his initial and impressionable perspective when he first arrived in Los Angeles in his late teens, where he experienced culture shock to a lifestyle that was very",
"psg_id": "1323275"
},
{
"title": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase",
"text": "expected to enter Phase 1 clinical trial in November 2016 (in advanced solid tumours: NCT02729298). Non-selective AXL inhibitors in clinical trials included: LY2801653, amuvatinib (MP-470), bosutinib (SKI-606), MGCD 265, ASP2215, cabozantinib (XL184), foretinib (GSK1363089/XL880), and SGI-7079. Astellas Pharma is currently testing gilteritinib (ASP2215), a dual FLT3-AXL tyrosine kinase inhibitor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In 2017, gilteritinib gained FDA orphan drug status for AML. These approved drugs and ongoing and pending clinical trials highlight the potentially wide-ranging safety and efficacy of AXL inhibition. AXL receptor tyrosine kinase has been shown to interact with TENC1. AXL receptor tyrosine kinase Tyrosine-protein kinase",
"psg_id": "11316274"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "comprised two-thirds of the band's \"Use Your Illusion\"-era line-up, with \"Chinese Democracy\"-era members Richard Fortus and Frank Ferrer joining new member Melissa Reese to fill out the rest of the lineup. Rose shared a stage with Slash for the first time in nearly 23 years during the group's surprise performance at The Troubadour in April 2016, ahead of its headlining shows at Coachella. The tour was a massive success, and as of May 2018 is the fourth-highest-grossing concert tour of all time. On April 16, 2016, Australian hard rock band AC/DC announced that Rose will join them and perform as",
"psg_id": "1323297"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "including \"Rolling Stone\" and \"NME\". Born and raised in Lafayette, Indiana, Rose moved in the early 1980s to Los Angeles, where he became active in the local hard rock scene and joined several bands, including Hollywood Rose and L.A. Guns. In 1985, he co-founded Guns N' Roses, with whom he had great success and recognition in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Their first album, \"Appetite for Destruction\" (1987), has sold in excess of 30 million copies worldwide, and is one of the best-selling debut albums of all time in the U.S. with 18 million units sold. Its full-length follow-ups,",
"psg_id": "1323261"
},
{
"title": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase",
"text": "including TYRO3 and MERTK. The Axl gene is evolutionarily conserved between vertebrate species. This gene has two different alternatively spliced transcript variants. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Although it is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, the Axl protein represents a unique structure of the extracellular region that juxtaposes IgL and FNIII repeats. The AXL protein is characterized by an extracellular structure consisting of two fibronectin type 3-like repeats and two immunoglobulin-like repeats along with its intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. AXL is in close vicinity to the BCL3 oncogene, which",
"psg_id": "11316268"
},
{
"title": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase",
"text": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the \"AXL\" gene. The gene was initially designated as UFO, in allusion to the unidentified function of this protein. However, in the years since its discovery, research into AXL's expression profile and mechanism has made it an increasingly attractive target, especially for cancer therapeutics. In recent years, AXL has emerged as a key facilitator of immune escape and drug-resistance by cancer cells, leading to aggressive and metastatic cancers. AXL is a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase, part of the TAM family of kinases",
"psg_id": "11316267"
},
{
"title": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase",
"text": "is at 19q13.1-q13.2. The AXL receptor transduces signals from the extracellular matrix into the cytoplasm by binding growth factors like vitamin K-dependent protein growth-arrest-specific gene 6 (GAS6). It is involved in the stimulation of cell proliferation and survival. Proteolytic cleavage of the AXL extracellular domain by the metalloproteinases ADAM10 and ADAM17 can downregulate this signalling activity. Signalling pathways activated downstream of AXL include PI3K-AKT-mTOR, MEKERK, NF-kB, and JAK/STAT. This receptor can also mediate cell aggregation by homophilic binding. AXL protein is expressed in normal tissues, particularly in bone marrow stroma and myeloid cells, and in tumour cells and tumour vasculature.",
"psg_id": "11316269"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Rose (real estate developer)",
"text": "Gideon Gregory Rose. Daniel Rose (real estate developer) Daniel Rose (born 1929) is an American real estate developer, philanthropist and essayist. He is best known professionally for developing the large-scale Pentagon City complex adjacent to Reagan National Airport; building the One Financial Center office tower that anchored the redevelopment of downtown Boston; and conceiving and reinventing a New York real estate apartment complex into the internationally renowned Manhattan Plaza for the Performing Arts. A forceful advocate for private philanthropy and public service, he founded the acclaimed innner-city youth education program, the Harlem Educational Activities Fund, established a wide range of",
"psg_id": "19539873"
},
{
"title": "A Rose Is Still a Rose",
"text": "A Rose Is Still a Rose A Rose is Still a Rose is the thirty-fourth studio album by American recording artist Aretha Franklin. It was released on March 10, 1998 by Arista Records. Conceived after a longer hiatus and a complete departure from her previous studio album \"What You See Is What You Sweat\" (1991), the album includes influences of 1990s hip hop as well as modern-day contemporary R&B and soul music. Throughout the project, Franklin worked with many famed hip hop producers and rappers, such as Lauryn Hill, Sean \"Puffy\" Combs, Jermaine Dupri, and Daryl Simmons. With the latter",
"psg_id": "8247086"
},
{
"title": "What the Rose did to the Cypress",
"text": "lived happily with his four wives. What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a",
"psg_id": "8543560"
},
{
"title": "What the Rose did to the Cypress",
"text": "What the Rose did to the Cypress What the Rose did to the Cypress is a Persian fairy tale. Andrew Lang included it in \"The Brown Fairy Book\" (1904), with the note \"Translated from two Persian MSS. in the possession of the British Museum and the India Office, and adapted, with some reservations, by Annette S. Beveridge.\" A king had three sons. The oldest went hunting and chased a deer, giving orders that it should be captured rather than killed. It led him to a sandy waste where his horse died. He found a tree with a spring beneath it",
"psg_id": "8543549"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "Real-name system A real-name system is a system in which when a user who wants to register an account on a blog, website or bulletin board system, is required to offer identification credentials including their legal name to the network service centre. One may use an on-line pseudonym, however, the person's real identity would be available if rules or laws are broken. South Korea is the first country to put the real-name system into practice. Since June 28, 2009, thirty-five Korean websites have implemented a name-registration system pursuant to the newly amended Information and Communications Network Act of Korea. It",
"psg_id": "16575021"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Rose (real estate developer)",
"text": "wife, Joanna Semel Rose The main-belt asteroid 70712 Danieljoanna, discovered by the Catalina Sky Survey in 1999, was named in their honor, while 70718 HEAF was named for the Harlem Educational Activities Fund (HEAF).. Books dedicated to Daniel and Joanna S. Rose include George Steiner’s \"In Bluebeard’s Castle\", Henry Louis Gates, Jr.’s \"Life Upon These Shores—Looking at African American History\", Geoffrey Hartman's \"Scars of the Spirit\" and David S. Rose's \"The Startup Checklist\". Rose is married to Joanna (née Semel). the long-time chairwoman of Partisan Review Magazine. They have four children: David Semel Rose Joseph Benedict Rose, Emily Rose, and",
"psg_id": "19539872"
},
{
"title": "Facebook real-name policy controversy",
"text": "the acronym is employed, Facebook automatically changes to lower-case all letters except the first. (Use of periods, e.g. D.L.G., will result in a message telling users that \"Profile names can't have too many periods.\") Therefore, someone commonly known in real life by a name such as Mary De Leon Guerrero Mafnas would have to resort to using what on Facebook would end up being \"Mary Dlg Mafnas\". The message is not accompanied by an option to challenge/appeal the restriction or to send Facebook documentation that the format is how one normally formats their name in real life. In January 2015,",
"psg_id": "18352026"
},
{
"title": "Axl Hazarika",
"text": "top of SoundCloud Trance charts within a month and stayed at #1 for 12 consecutive weeks. Axl released the first Assamese folk EDM song Goru Bihu Song as Rainbow Trip in May 2016. The music video initiated a massive controversy between traditionalists and the more modern people of Assam and amassed over 1 lakhs views within the first week of release. Born and brought up in Guwahati, Assam, Axl Hazarika started his musical career in 2008. He released his album Elektrokore in 2008, which comprised the first Assamese metal song ever - \"Joi Aai Axom\". Axl was the first to",
"psg_id": "16310820"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "release. Together with the other members of Guns N' Roses' classic lineup, Rose was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2012, their first year of eligibility. He did not attend the induction ceremony in April, however, as he had announced in an open letter three days prior. Rose, who had long been on bad terms with several of his former bandmates, wrote that the ceremony \"doesn't appear to be somewhere I'm actually wanted or respected.\" He subsequently joined his band in residencies at The Joint in Las Vegas in 2012 and 2014, as part of the",
"psg_id": "1323294"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "of the video game \"Guitar Hero\", for $20 million, claiming that Activision had violated an agreement with him to not include any reference to Slash or his band Velvet Revolver in the game in return for a license to use the song \"Welcome to the Jungle\". Instead, Rose noted that an image of Slash was used on the game's front cover. Rose's claim was summarily dismissed in February 2013, when the judge ruled that Rose had not brought suit on the contract, which relied on oral promises, within the two-year statute of limitations that began with the game's October 2007",
"psg_id": "1323293"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "his album \"Angel Down\". Fifteen years after its last album, in November 2008, Guns N' Roses released \"Chinese Democracy\" exclusively via the electronics retailer Best Buy. Rose did not contribute to the album's promotion; by December, he had reportedly been missing for at least two months and had not returned phone calls or other requests from his record label. In a subsequent interview, Rose stated that he felt he had not received the necessary support from Interscope Records. A year after the album's release, in December 2009, Guns N' Roses embarked on another two-and-a-half years of touring, including a headlining",
"psg_id": "1323291"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "musicians to replace band members who either left or were fired. By the late 1990s, he was considered to be a recluse, rarely making public appearances and spending most of his time in his mansion in Malibu. In various media reports, he was referred to as the \"Howard Hughes of rock\" and \"rock's greatest recluse.\" Rose was said to spend his nights rehearsing and writing with the various new lineups of Guns N' Roses, working on the band's next album, \"Chinese Democracy\". In January 2001, Rose resurfaced with Guns N' Roses at Rock in Rio 3 to commence the decade-long",
"psg_id": "1323288"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "court against Steven Adler, who had filed a lawsuit contending that he had been illegitimately fired. When the judge ruled against Rose, he agreed to an out-of-court settlement of $2,500,000 and 15% of the royalties for everything Adler recorded prior to his departure. In November of that year, Guns N' Roses released \"\"The Spaghetti Incident?\"\" a cover album of mostly punk songs, which proved less successful than its predecessors. Rose had included the hidden track \"Look at Your Game, Girl\", a song written by convicted murderer Charles Manson, which he intended as a personal message to his ex-girlfriend Stephanie Seymour.",
"psg_id": "1323285"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "and his former bandmate Tracii Guns formed Guns N' Roses by merging their respective bands Hollywood Rose and L.A. Guns with Stradlin, drummer Rob Gardner and bassist Ole Beich. By June, after several line-up changes, the band consisted of Rose, lead guitarist Slash, rhythm guitarist Izzy Stradlin, bassist Duff McKagan, and drummer Steven Adler. The line-up debuted at The Troubadour and proceeded to play the L.A. club circuit, eventually building a devoted fan following. The band attracted the attention of several major record labels, before signing with Geffen Records in March 1986. The following December, they released the four-song EP",
"psg_id": "1323271"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "attended a Pentecostal church, where he was required to attend services three to eight times per week and even taught Sunday school. Rose later recalled an oppressive upbringing, stating, \"We'd have televisions one week, then my stepdad would throw them out because they were Satanic. I wasn't allowed to listen to music. Women were evil. Everything was evil.\" He accused his stepfather of physically abusing him and his siblings and sexually abusing his sister. Rose found solace in music from an early age. He sang in the church choir from the age of five, and performed at services with his",
"psg_id": "1323266"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "a new line-up of Guns N' Roses at Rock in Rio 3, and subsequently played periodic concert tours to promote the long-delayed \"Chinese Democracy\" (2008), which undersold the music industry's commercial expectations despite positive reviews upon its release. In 2012, Rose was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of Guns N' Roses, though he declined to attend the event and requested exclusion from the Hall. In 2016, Rose partially reunited the \"classic\" lineup of Guns N' Roses and has since toured the world as part of the Not in This Lifetime... Tour. That same",
"psg_id": "1323263"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "his contract with Geffen Records in March 1986. Shortly after his arrival in Los Angeles, Rose met guitarist Kevin Lawrence outside The Troubadour in West Hollywood and joined his band Rapidfire. They recorded a five-song demo in May 1983, which, after years of legal action, was released as an EP, \"Ready to Rumble\", in 2014. After parting ways with Lawrence, he formed the band Hollywood Rose with his childhood friend Izzy Stradlin, who had moved to Los Angeles in 1980, and 16-year-old guitarist Chris Weber. In January 1984, the band recorded a five-song demo featuring the tracks \"Anything Goes\", \"Rocker\",",
"psg_id": "1323269"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "was enacted after the suicide of Choi Jin-sil which was said to be related to malicious comments about her on Internet bulletin boards. The new rule is aimed at minimizing the amount of negative information to make netizens responsible for their behavior on the Internet. South Koreans have been familiar with the real-name system. Since the mid-1990s, doing real property transactions and financial transactions must be performed under a real name following relevant laws. The real-name system in real property transactions and financial transactions is believed to contribute to the sound economic order of the nation. On August 23, 2012,",
"psg_id": "16575022"
},
{
"title": "David Rose (real estate developer)",
"text": "of the Bronx YM-YWHA. David Rose (real estate developer) David Rose (1892–1986) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist who co-founded Rose Associates. Rose was born to a Jewish family in Jerusalem one of six siblings. His family immigrated in the 1890s and he then worked as a sales catalog buyer for a clothing store working in the Garment District in New York City when - inspired by an uncle who purchased real estate - he founded Roses Associates with his brother, Samuel B., in 1927. In 1928, they completed their first building, a six-story, 218-unit building and within",
"psg_id": "18109190"
},
{
"title": "David Rose (real estate developer)",
"text": "David Rose (real estate developer) David Rose (1892–1986) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist who co-founded Rose Associates. Rose was born to a Jewish family in Jerusalem one of six siblings. His family immigrated in the 1890s and he then worked as a sales catalog buyer for a clothing store working in the Garment District in New York City when - inspired by an uncle who purchased real estate - he founded Roses Associates with his brother, Samuel B., in 1927. In 1928, they completed their first building, a six-story, 218-unit building and within two years had completed",
"psg_id": "18109187"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rotten",
"text": "a chair after the loss, playing off real-life ill feelings, a rivalry developed that \"Pro Wrestling Illustrated\" named Feud of the Year in 1995. The former partners traded wins at Double Tables and Return of the Funker. They faced one another in a variety of hardcore matches over the next few months, including a hair versus hair match at \"Three Way Dance\", a barbed wire baseball bat match at Hostile City Showdown and a barbed wire baseball bat barbed wire chair match at \"Enter Sandman\", all of which Axl won. A reunion was teased between Bad Breed at \"Barbed Wire,",
"psg_id": "5098468"
},
{
"title": "What Time Is Love?",
"text": "a \"juddering rave anthem\". On 14 July 2002, the \"Pure Trance Original\" was incorporated into DJ John Digweed's set at Fatboy Slim's free Brighton beach show, where it was played to a live audience of approximately 150,000 people and relayed to viewers of television channel E4. Digweed's set showcased the origins of trance music, with \"What Time Is Love?\" used alongside Underworld's \"Dark & Long\" and Paul Oakenfold's \"Perfecto Mix\" of U2's \"Even Better Than the Real Thing\". British band Kaiser Chiefs covered \"What Time Is Love?\" on 14 February 2006 on BBC Radio 1. At the end of the",
"psg_id": "7432168"
},
{
"title": "Against Me! Is Reinventing Axl Rose",
"text": "Grace and drummer Kevin Mahon. \"Jordan's First Choice\", \"Those Anarcho Punks Are Mysterious...\", and \"Pints of Guinness Make You Strong\" had appeared on \"Against Me!\" as acoustic versions recorded by Grace and bassist Dustin Fridkin. By the time of the album's recording Against Me! consisted of Grace, Fridkin, drummer Warren Oakes, and guitarist James Bowman, and the band re-recorded these five songs with full electric instrumentation. Several guest singers provided backing vocals for \"We Laugh at Danger (And Break All the Rules)\" including Sam Jones, Todd \"Bitchin, Ryan and Patrick Quinney, Adam Volk, Rose O'Hara, and Jordan Kleeman. Sam Jones",
"psg_id": "3135832"
},
{
"title": "A Rose Is Still a Rose",
"text": "Rose\" debuted at number 30 on the US \"Billboard\" 200 and number 7 on \"Billboard\"s Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. This marked Franklin's highest debut position yet as well as her highest peak since 1985's \"Who's Zoomin' Who?\". A steady seller, the album sold 294,000 copies within its first five months of release and was eventually certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) in August 1998, indicating sales in excess of more than 500,000 units. Her biggest commercial success of the 1990s, \"A Rose Is Still a Rose\" would remain Franklin's final album to earn a RIAA certification",
"psg_id": "8247095"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Rose (real estate developer)",
"text": "Daniel Rose (real estate developer) Daniel Rose (born 1929) is an American real estate developer, philanthropist and essayist. He is best known professionally for developing the large-scale Pentagon City complex adjacent to Reagan National Airport; building the One Financial Center office tower that anchored the redevelopment of downtown Boston; and conceiving and reinventing a New York real estate apartment complex into the internationally renowned Manhattan Plaza for the Performing Arts. A forceful advocate for private philanthropy and public service, he founded the acclaimed innner-city youth education program, the Harlem Educational Activities Fund, established a wide range of academic and professional",
"psg_id": "19539863"
},
{
"title": "Axl Hazarika",
"text": "compose and release metal songs in his regional language - Assamese. The song \"Joi Aai Axom\" is a voice against terrorism that has occurred in Assam. \"Matribhoomi\", another single was released following the 2008 Assam bombings, dedicated to the departed souls. Another hit single is \"B-deshi\", a song against the illegal immigrants in Assam. \"Jai Shiv Shankara\" and \"Maha Kali\" are a fusion of Sanskrit shlokas, metal and electronic music In 2008, Axl Hazarika formed an industrial metal project called Elektrokore. He released several songs as Elektrokore. On 1 January 2012, Axl Hazarika released an animation film titled \"Hum Badal",
"psg_id": "16310821"
},
{
"title": "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose",
"text": "In Stein's view, the sentence expresses the fact that simply using the name of a thing already invokes the imagery and emotions associated with it, an idea also intensively discussed in the problem of universals debate where Peter Abelard and others used the \"rose\" as an example concept. As the quotation diffused through her own writing, and the culture at large, Stein once remarked, \"Now listen! I'm no fool. I know that in daily life we don't go around saying 'is a ... is a ... is a ...' Yes, I'm no fool; but I think that in that line",
"psg_id": "1823519"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "identity fraud is not being committed on the social networking site. Vernor Vinge's novella \"True Names\" charts the idea of how serious knowing one's identity can be. As such it is also a part of cypherpunk culture. Real-name system A real-name system is a system in which when a user who wants to register an account on a blog, website or bulletin board system, is required to offer identification credentials including their legal name to the network service centre. One may use an on-line pseudonym, however, the person's real identity would be available if rules or laws are broken. South",
"psg_id": "16575032"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "them to track property ownership and inheritance, collect taxes, maintain court records, perform police work, conscript soldiers, and control epidemics. Though the Facebook social networking site does not directly employ the real-name system, the site's online Name Policy indicates the following: \"Facebook is a community where people use their real identities. We require everyone to provide their real names, so you always know who you're connecting with. This helps keep our community safe.\" This means that under Facebook's Name Policy, users are strongly encouraged to provide their real names when creating an account on Facebook. This, according to Facebook, ensures",
"psg_id": "16575026"
},
{
"title": "So Far, So Good...So What! Tour",
"text": "tour in August 1988. The following setlist was taken from the July 2, 1988 performance at the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium in Santa Monica, California and may not be representative of all the dates on the tour. The following is the setlist the band performed at the Monsters of Rock festival in Donington, England on 20 August 1988. This show is also the last known performance of the song Mary Jane. Encore: 10. Anarchy in the U.K. (with Lars Ulrich and Axl Rose performing backing vocals) So Far, So Good...So What! Tour The So Far, So Good, So What! Tour",
"psg_id": "20656694"
},
{
"title": "Rose Tattoo (Rose Tattoo album)",
"text": "added for the 1990 CD edition for Repertoire Records. All tracks written by members of Rose Tattoo as shown. 1990 Repertoire Records re-release bonus tracks Rose Tattoo members Production The song \"Nice Boys\" was covered by Guns N' Roses in 1986 on their \"Live ?!*@ Like a Suicide\" EP and it was later re-released on their 1988 EP \"G N' R Lies\". Axl Rose and Izzy Stradlin have both claimed that Rose Tattoo changed their lives and confirmed to them that their own future was in rock 'n' roll. In 1987, the song \"Rock & Roll Outlaw\" was covered by",
"psg_id": "12765250"
},
{
"title": "Axl Smith",
"text": "all the material would be revealed\". During the trial Smith was trying to defend himself by using a story about a friend called \"Peter\" who allegedly had been framed for rape that destroyed his life. According to Smith this was the reason for his home video surveillance but it came clear during the trial that \"Peter\" was a fictitious character. Axl Smith Caro Axel \"Axl\" Smith (born 10 March 1984) is a Finnish former presenter and entertainer. He's been a host for MTV Nordic since 2004, a UNICEF Good Will Ambassador 2006–2016 and a recording artist since 2010. He has",
"psg_id": "17392059"
},
{
"title": "Axl Smith",
"text": "Axl Smith Caro Axel \"Axl\" Smith (born 10 March 1984) is a Finnish former presenter and entertainer. He's been a host for MTV Nordic since 2004, a UNICEF Good Will Ambassador 2006–2016 and a recording artist since 2010. He has hosted \"So You Think You Can Dance Finland\" in 2010, \"The Voice of Finland\" 2011–2016 and \"The Voice Kids Finland\" 2012–2014. He was also the Finnish voice of Kristoff in the animated film \"Frozen\". His career as a presenter ended after it came public that he had been secretly filming his sexual partners and sharing the material in a WhatsApp",
"psg_id": "17392056"
},
{
"title": "Axl Osborne",
"text": "16 and under. Osborne and Webb were also named to the Acrobatic Gymnastics Development Team \"B\" by USA Gymnastics. Axl Osborne Axl Osborne (born December 31, 1995) is an acrobatic gymnast. He currently competes as the base in a mixed pair with his partner Tiffani Williams. With partner Tiffani Williams, Osbourne came 2nd at the 2016 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships. He previously competed as the base in a Level 9 mixed pair with his partner, acrobatic gymnast Lydia Webb. The pair train together at World Olympic Gymnastics Academy (WOGA) in north Texas, which produced 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics team",
"psg_id": "15791895"
},
{
"title": "Axl Osborne",
"text": "Axl Osborne Axl Osborne (born December 31, 1995) is an acrobatic gymnast. He currently competes as the base in a mixed pair with his partner Tiffani Williams. With partner Tiffani Williams, Osbourne came 2nd at the 2016 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships. He previously competed as the base in a Level 9 mixed pair with his partner, acrobatic gymnast Lydia Webb. The pair train together at World Olympic Gymnastics Academy (WOGA) in north Texas, which produced 2016 Rio de Janeiro Olympics team gold medalist and uneven bars silver medallist Madison Kocian, 2008 Beijing Olympics women’s all-around gymnastics champion Nastia Liukin and",
"psg_id": "15791892"
},
{
"title": "David S. Rose",
"text": "David S. Rose David Semel Rose (born June 12, 1957) is an American serial entrepreneur and angel investor. He is an investor in startup technology companies and founder of New York Angels, an early-stage technology investment group. He is Managing Partner of Rose Tech Ventures, a venture fund focused on Internet-based business, and CEO of Gust (formerly known as AngelSoft), which operates a collaboration platform for early stage angel investing. Rose is the son of Joanna (née Semel) and Daniel Rose. Rose attended New York City public schools and Horace Mann High School. He received his BA in Urban Affairs",
"psg_id": "15756392"
},
{
"title": "Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose",
"text": "the rose is red for the first time in English poetry for a hundred years.\" (\"Four in America\"). She herself said to an audience at Oxford University that the statement referred to the fact that when the Romantics used the word \"rose\", it had a direct relationship to an actual rose. For later periods in literature this would no longer be true. The eras following romanticism, notably the modern era, use the word rose to refer to the actual rose, yet they also imply, through the use of the word, the archetypical elements of the romantic era. The following lines",
"psg_id": "1823520"
},
{
"title": "AXL receptor tyrosine kinase",
"text": "key driver of drug-resistance to targeted therapies, immuno therapies and chemotherapy in various animal models. Based on current knowledge of AXL’s role in therapy resistance, future studies will help to determine whether AXL has a translational application as a biomarker for predicting therapeutic response to established drugs. AXL may also play an important role in Zika virus infection, allowing for entry of the virus into host cells. Studies have shown that AXL knockdown leads to downregulation of transcription factors required for EMT, including Slug, Twist, and Zeb1, and to increased expression of E-cadherin. There is ongoing research to develop possible",
"psg_id": "11316272"
},
{
"title": "A Rose Is Still a Rose",
"text": "in the United States. Elsewhere, \"A Rose Is Still a Rose\" entered the top forty of the charts it appeared on but was less successful than previous releases. The album debuted and peaked at number 29 on the Swedish Albums Chart, and reached number 32 and number 36 in Norway and Switzerland, becoming her lowest-charting album since 1983's \"Get It Right\" on all three markets. \"A Rose Is Still a Rose\" produced two singles, led by its same-titled lead single. Franklin's highest-charting single in four years, it peaked at number 26 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and reached number",
"psg_id": "8247096"
},
{
"title": "Axl Rose",
"text": "Appetite for Democracy Tour celebrating the anniversaries of \"Appetite for Destruction\" and \"Chinese Democracy\". By mid-2014, the group's new album, recorded concurrently with \"Chinese Democracy\", and a remix album were completed and pending release, but no new material emerged. In response to an informal study that named him the 'World's Greatest Singer\" based on a study of vocal ranges, Rose told \"Spin\" in 2014, \"If I had to say who I thought the best singers were, I'd say first that I don't know there's a definitive answer as in my opinion it's subjective, and second that my focus is primarily",
"psg_id": "1323295"
},
{
"title": "The Name of the Rose",
"text": "only the name. In this novel, the lost \"rose\" could be seen as Aristotle's book on comedy (now forever lost), the exquisite library now destroyed, or the beautiful peasant girl now dead. The title is also an allusion to the nominalist position in the problem of universals, taken by William of Ockham. According to nominalism, universals are bare names: there is not a universal rose, only the name \"rose\". This text has also been translated as \"Yesterday's rose stands only in name, we hold only empty names.\" This line is a verse by twelfth century monk Bernard of Cluny (also",
"psg_id": "1564002"
},
{
"title": "A Rose Is Still a Rose",
"text": "top forty in Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland. Franklin's biggest commercial success of the 1990s, \"A Rose Is Still a Rose\" was certified gold by the RIAA and would remain her final album to earn a certification in the United States. In 1991, Franklin released her thirty-sixth studio album \"What You See Is What You Sweat\". A moderate commercial success throughout Europe, particularly in Scandinavia, it became a commercial failure in the United States, peaking at number 153 on US \"Billboard\" 200 and dropping off the charts after seven weeks only. While Franklin remained active the following years, providing songs on",
"psg_id": "8247088"
},
{
"title": "A rose by any other name would smell as sweet",
"text": "A rose by any other name would smell as sweet \"A rose by any other name would smell as sweet\" is a popular reference to William Shakespeare's play \"Romeo and Juliet\", in which Juliet seems to argue that it does not matter that Romeo is from her family's rival house of Montague, that is, that he is named \"Montague\". The reference is often used to imply that the names of things do not affect what they really are. This formulation is, however, a paraphrase of Shakespeare's actual language. Juliet compares Romeo to a rose saying that if he were not",
"psg_id": "13539521"
},
{
"title": "David S. Rose",
"text": "Investing in Startups\", to give guidance to investors considering investments in startups. In 1982, he married Gail Ruth Gremse. They have three children. David S. Rose David Semel Rose (born June 12, 1957) is an American serial entrepreneur and angel investor. He is an investor in startup technology companies and founder of New York Angels, an early-stage technology investment group. He is Managing Partner of Rose Tech Ventures, a venture fund focused on Internet-based business, and CEO of Gust (formerly known as AngelSoft), which operates a collaboration platform for early stage angel investing. Rose is the son of Joanna (née",
"psg_id": "15756395"
},
{
"title": "The Name of the Rose",
"text": "title \"Adso of Melk\", but that was vetoed by his publisher, and then the title \"The Name of the Rose\" \"came to me virtually by chance.\" In the \"Postscript to the Name of the Rose\", Eco claims to have chosen the title \"because the rose is a symbolic figure so rich in meanings that by now it hardly has any meaning left\". The book's last line, translates as: \"the rose of old remains only in its name; we possess naked names.\" The general sense, as Eco pointed out, was that from the beauty of the past, now disappeared, we hold",
"psg_id": "1564001"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Rose (real estate developer)",
"text": "education, racial problems, real estate, food & wine, and housing, his writings occasioned Fareed Zakaria's assessment that \"Dan Rose has created a body of work that is philosophy at its most useful: how does one live a good life.\" Rose received the James E. Landauer Award from the American Society of Real Estate Counselors; the Award for Community Service from the Building Owners and Managers Association; the Award for Excellence for Large Scale Mixed Use Development from the Urban Land Institute; and Man of the Year Award from the Realty Foundation of New York. In 2003, he was named Ernst",
"psg_id": "19539870"
}
] | [
"william bailey",
"billy bailey (disambiguation)",
"bill bailey (disambiguation)",
"bailey, william",
"william bailey (disambiguation)"
] |
what disability did singer al hibbler have? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Al Hibbler",
"text": "Al Hibbler Albert George \"Al\" Hibbler (August 16, 1915 – April 24, 2001) was an American baritone vocalist, who sang with Duke Ellington's orchestra before having several pop hits as a solo artist. Some of Hibbler's singing is classified as rhythm and blues, but he is best seen as a bridge between R&B and traditional pop music. According to one authority, \"Hibbler cannot be regarded as a jazz singer but as an exceptionally good interpreter of twentieth-century popular songs who happened to work with some of the best jazz musicians of the time.\" Hibbler was born in Tyro, Mississippi, United",
"psg_id": "3371738"
},
{
"title": "Al Hibbler",
"text": "in Chicago in 2001, at the age of 85. He is buried at Lincoln Cemetery in Blue Island, Illinois. With Count Basie With Duke Ellington With Jay McShann Al Hibbler Albert George \"Al\" Hibbler (August 16, 1915 – April 24, 2001) was an American baritone vocalist, who sang with Duke Ellington's orchestra before having several pop hits as a solo artist. Some of Hibbler's singing is classified as rhythm and blues, but he is best seen as a bridge between R&B and traditional pop music. According to one authority, \"Hibbler cannot be regarded as a jazz singer but as an",
"psg_id": "3371744"
},
{
"title": "Al Hibbler",
"text": "best\" of Ellington's male vocalists. While with Ellington, Hibbler won the \"Esquire\" New Star Award in 1947 and the \"Down Beat\" award for Best Band Vocalist in 1949. Hibbler left Ellington's band in 1951 after a dispute over his wages. He then recorded with various bands including those of Johnny Hodges and Count Basie, and for various labels including Mercury and Norgran, a subsidiary of Verve Records, for whom he released an LP, \"Al Hibbler Favorites\", in 1953. In 1954 he released a more successful album, \"Al Hibbler Sings Duke Ellington\", and in 1955, he started recording with Decca Records,",
"psg_id": "3371741"
},
{
"title": "Al Hibbler",
"text": "States, and was blind from birth. Some sources give his birth name as Andrew George Hibbler. At the age of 12 he moved to Little Rock, Arkansas, where he attended Arkansas School for the Blind, joining the school choir. Later he began working as a blues singer in local bands, failing his first audition for Duke Ellington in 1935. However, after winning an amateur talent contest in Memphis, Tennessee, he was given his start with Dub Jenkins and his Playmates; Jenkins was a popular Memphis saxophonist and bandleader. He later joined a band led by Jay McShann in 1942, and",
"psg_id": "3371739"
},
{
"title": "Al Hibbler",
"text": "rights activist, marching with protestors and getting arrested in 1959 in New Jersey and in 1963 in Alabama. The notoriety of this activism discouraged major record labels from carrying his work, but Frank Sinatra supported him and signed him to a contract with his label, Reprise Records. However, Hibbler made very few recordings after that, occasionally doing live appearances through the 1990s. In 1971, Hibbler sang two songs at Louis Armstrong's funeral. In 1972 he made an album, \"A Meeting of the Times\", with another fiercely independent blind musician, the multi-instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk. He died at Holy Cross Hospital",
"psg_id": "3371743"
},
{
"title": "Al Hibbler",
"text": "with immediate success. His biggest hit was \"Unchained Melody\", which reached # 3 on the US pop chart, sold over one million copies, and was awarded a gold disc. Hibbler's version also reached # 2 in the United Kingdom, becoming his only British chart success. Its success led to network appearances, including a live jazz club remote on NBC's \"Monitor\". Other hits were \"He\" (1955), \"11th Hour Melody\" and \"Never Turn Back\" (both in 1956). \"After the Lights Go Down Low\" (also in 1956) was his last top ten hit. In the late 1950s and 1960s, Hibbler became a civil",
"psg_id": "3371742"
},
{
"title": "William J. Hibbler",
"text": "from 1981 to 1986. He was an associate judge, Cook County Circuit Court from 1986 to 1999, while also teaching as an adjunct professor in the Chicago–Kent College of Law from 1989 to 1999. On January 26, 1999, Hibbler was nominated by President Bill Clinton to a seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois vacated by James Henry Alesia. Hibbler was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 15, 1999, and received his commission on April 22, 1999. Hibbler died Monday March 19, 2012 at age 65 after an unspecified illness. William J.",
"psg_id": "13101812"
},
{
"title": "William J. Hibbler",
"text": "William J. Hibbler William J. Hibbler (August 7, 1946 – March 19, 2012) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Born in Kennedy, Alabama, Hibbler received a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Illinois at Chicago in 1969 and a Juris Doctor from DePaul University College of Law in 1973. He was an assistant state's attorney of the Cook County State's Attorney Office from 1973 to 1977. He was in private practice in Chicago, Illinois from 1977 to 1981, returning to the Cook County State's Attorney Office",
"psg_id": "13101811"
},
{
"title": "I Did What I Did for Maria",
"text": "album, \"Definitive Collection\", which reached number 1 in the UK Albums Chart in 2005. Paper Lace included this song on their 1974 album, \"Paper Lace\". I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2",
"psg_id": "5753826"
},
{
"title": "I Did What I Did for Maria",
"text": "I Did What I Did for Maria \"I Did What I Did for Maria\" is a song recorded by English singer Tony Christie. It was written and produced by Mitch Murray and Peter Callander, who were also responsible for Christie's \"Las Vegas\" and \"Avenues and Alleyways\". The song is about a widower who, on the eve of his execution, recalls how he remorselessly avenged his dead wife, hence the title. It was a number 2 UK hit in June 1971, and was also a hit in Ireland, where it also reached number 2. The track later appeared on Christie's compilation",
"psg_id": "5753825"
},
{
"title": "Look What I Did",
"text": "Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is known for its intense live show, described by Cincinnati CityBeat as a \"live act capable of unleashing a scary, uncontrolled intensity bordering on dangerous,\" and oft-satirical eccentric lyrics. Look What I Did was formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee by singer Barry Donegan and guitarist Colby Shea. Miles McPherson (drums, currently drumming for Kelly Clarkson) and Chris Bradley (bass) were added before the band's first",
"psg_id": "3994147"
},
{
"title": "Peter Singer",
"text": "certain instances, but opposes involuntary euthanasia. Religious critics have argued that Singer's ethic ignores and undermines the traditional notion of the sanctity of life. Singer agrees and believes the notion of the sanctity of life ought to be discarded as outdated, unscientific, and irrelevant to understanding problems in contemporary bioethics. Bioethicists associated with the Disability Rights and Disability Studies communities have argued that his epistemology is based on ableist conceptions of disability. Singer's positions have also been criticised by some advocates for disability rights and right-to-life supporters, concerned with what they see as his attacks upon human dignity. Singer has",
"psg_id": "326436"
},
{
"title": "A Meeting of the Times",
"text": "and Duke Ellington's former ballad singer Al Hibbler. However Rahsaan was very well acquainted with Ellington's music and he plays respectfully behind Hibbler on many of the standards, taking the wild 'Carney and Bigard Place' as an instrumental. Hibbler (who did not record much this late in his career) is in good voice and phrases as eccentrically as ever\". \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" gives the album a four star rating (of a possible four) plus a special \"Crown\" accolade. A Meeting of the Times A Meeting of the Times is an album by jazz multi-instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk and",
"psg_id": "13716661"
},
{
"title": "What I Did Right",
"text": "What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It was released in February 2001 as the third single from the album \"Change\". The song reached number 22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Lead singer Drew Womack wrote the song with Sonny LeMaire. The song is a ballad about treasuring moments in the narrator's life, using three examples: an expression of pride from a grandfather who fought in World War II, of love from the narrator's wife, and of comfort from the narrator's newborn",
"psg_id": "18787753"
},
{
"title": "What Did I Do?",
"text": "What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele Okereke, released as the first single from his EP \"The Hunter\". The song's music video was released on 13 September 2011, with the song being released as a digital single in Japan 10 days later. The song features vocals from singer Lucy Taylor. The single was produced by constant collaborator XXXChange and mixed by Sub Focus. The single's cover is the same as the cover for \"The Hunter\" EP. On 16 November 2011, Liberator Music released a remix of the single by All The Lights to the",
"psg_id": "16049220"
},
{
"title": "What Did I Do to You?",
"text": "What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included three previously unreleased songs written by Stansfield, Devaney and Morris: \"My Apple Heart,\" \"Lay Me Down\" and \"Something's Happenin'.\" \"What Did I Do to You?\" was remixed by Mark Saunders and",
"psg_id": "17338140"
},
{
"title": "What We Did",
"text": "quietest albums in Michael Gira’s catalog.\" What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only",
"psg_id": "18937073"
},
{
"title": "What We Did",
"text": "What We Did What We Did is a collaborative studio album by Swans frontman Michael Gira and Windsor for the Derby member Dan Matz. It was released on November 13, 2001 through Gira's Young God Records label. \"What We Did\" has a considerably more pop-oriented and accessible sound, compared to Gira's other solo works. The majority of the lyrics on the album was written by Matz. Allmusic critic Thom Jurek described the album as \"a finely wrought album of relayed styles and layered textures enfolding one another into a music that could have only been made by these two men,",
"psg_id": "18937071"
},
{
"title": "What We Did on Our Holidays",
"text": "Casal, of Ryan Adams and the Cardinals, later listed \"What We Did on Our Holidays\" as one of his favourite albums of all time. What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such",
"psg_id": "4299756"
},
{
"title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (song)",
"text": "Miami, Florida. Mendes and Cabello performed the track again on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" on January 4, 2016. Preceded by a performance of \"Stitches\", Mendes and Cabello sang \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" at the 2016 People's Choice Awards. They also performed together on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\" on February 17, 2016. I Know What You Did Last Summer (song) \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" is a song by Canadian singer Shawn Mendes and Cuban-American singer Camila Cabello. It was released as the lead single from the 2015 re-release of his debut studio album",
"psg_id": "19190264"
},
{
"title": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (song)",
"text": "I Know What You Did Last Summer (song) \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" is a song by Canadian singer Shawn Mendes and Cuban-American singer Camila Cabello. It was released as the lead single from the 2015 re-release of his debut studio album \"Handwritten\" via Island Records on November 18, 2015. It reached the top 20 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and on the Canadian Hot 100. Mendes and Cabello promoted the song with several televised performances, including on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\" and at the 2016 People's Choice Awards. \"I Know What You Did Last",
"psg_id": "19190258"
},
{
"title": "What Did I Do to You?",
"text": "1989–2003\" box set (2014), including previously unreleased Red Zone Mix by David Morales. European/UK 7\" single European/UK/Japanese CD single UK 10\" single European/UK 12\" single UK 12\" promotional single Other remixes What Did I Do to You? \"What Did I Do to You?\" is a song recorded by British singer Lisa Stansfield for her 1989 album, \"Affection\". It was written by Stansfield, Ian Devaney and Andy Morris, and produced by Devaney and Morris. The song received positive reviews from music critics. \"What Did I Do to You?\" was released as the fourth European single on 30 April 1990. It included",
"psg_id": "17338142"
},
{
"title": "What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)",
"text": "(musician)'s \"Caravan Tonight\" (1974) and Chris Robison's \"Chris Robison and His Many Hand Band\" (1973), is one of the first to deal with openly gay themes and issues within the song lyrics. The style of the album is very much within the folk-rock genre and it includes the song \"Bitterfeast\" which adapts a poem by Cohen's namesake and fellow singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen. Musicians who played on the album include the drummer Kevin Kelley. What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS",
"psg_id": "16756604"
},
{
"title": "What We Did on Our Holidays",
"text": "What We Did on Our Holidays What We Did on Our Holidays (released as Fairport Convention in the United States) is the 1969 second album by the band Fairport Convention. It was their first album to feature singer-songwriter Sandy Denny, whose \"haunting, ethereal vocals gave Fairport a big boost\", according to Richie Unterberger. The album also showed a move towards the folk rock for which they became noted, including tracks later to become perennial favourites such as \"Fotheringay\" and the song traditionally used to close live concerts, \"Meet on the Ledge\". Following the departure of Judy Dyble, the band conducted",
"psg_id": "4299753"
},
{
"title": "What Kate Did",
"text": "'Dad?' Hurley comments that he did not expect Rose's husband to be white, before Jack quickly changes the subject. The producers felt it was important to address that they are an interracial couple, and that Hurley was saying what the audience would be thinking. Caldwell agreed with them and thought it would be odd if the issue was not addressed. Anderson also was glad that Hurley brought up the issue, and liked that Jack did not pay any attention. The episode gained 21.54 million American viewers in its first airing. What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode",
"psg_id": "7347822"
},
{
"title": "Geography of disability",
"text": "observation is that what has emerged, since the mid 1990’s, has been a broadening of the substantive focus of studies of space and disability, beyond some of the earlier foci of health, cognition and behaviour, welfare, design, and architecture. In particular, the study of disability is evident in most parts of human geography, and not just confined to a specialist or sub-part of the discipline. However, up to the early 1990’s, the study of geography and disability had been the preserve of specific niche areas of research activity, with some scholars, like Park et al (1998), suggesting that human geography",
"psg_id": "20940520"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did",
"text": "as Dorry, Bryn McAuley as Joanna, and Dean Stockwell as \"Tramp\". A 1972 UK movie adaptation, \"Katy\", starred Clare Walker, and the 1962 eight-part TV series made in the UK, also called \"Katy\", featured rising star Susan Hampshire in the title role. In 2015, author Jacqueline Wilson wrote her novel \"Katy\", which is a modern retelling of \"What Katy Did\". The August 2016 edition of Storytime featured a new illustrated adaptation with illustrations by Italian artist Marco Guadalupi. \"What Katy Did\" was followed by four sequels: \"What Katy Did at School\" in which Katy and Clover attend the fictional Hillsover",
"psg_id": "7578097"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did",
"text": "School (set in Hanover, New Hampshire); \"What Katy Did Next\", in which a new friend of Katy's takes her on a once-in-a-lifetime trip to Europe; \"Clover\", in which Katy is married and Clover accompanies her brother Phil to Colorado after he falls ill; and \"In the High Valley\", which shows the lives of a handful of young people living in the High Valley in Colorado, including Clover, Elsie and their husbands. What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old",
"psg_id": "7578098"
},
{
"title": "What Did You Expect? (film)",
"text": "live. The film is being distributed by MVD Entertainment, and was released on DVD in November 2012. It is also available on iTunes, Hulu, and Video-on-Demand. Writing in Punk News, John Gentile said, \"The wilder songs, like 'Audiowhore' where bassist Matt Gentling just gets completely down, stomping around like a T-rex, are nearly berserk, with the band approaching a Stooges-type thrash. 'What Did You Expect?' could pass for Fugazi's wilder side. Gentling just goes nuts on the bass, which is wild. Likewise, the mid-tempo songs like \"Freezing Point\" have an inherent urgency.\" What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You",
"psg_id": "17542106"
},
{
"title": "What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)",
"text": "What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS 8582 Folkways Records, 1973). The album was re-released by Smithsonian Folkways Records as a compact disc (FW0852 Smithsonian Folkways Records). It is Cohen's second album, following his self released debut \"Mike Cohen\" (1972). The original LP carried a sticker on the front cover which stated, \"Songs sensitively and honestly dealing with the experiences of being gay, written and sung by this brilliant young artist Solos and group. \"This album, along with Steven Grossman",
"psg_id": "16756603"
},
{
"title": "Disability etiquette",
"text": "always agree on what constitutes politically correct language. However, see the List of disability-related terms with negative connotations and people-first language. Disability etiquette Disability etiquette is a set of guidelines dealing specifically with how to approach a person with a disability. There is no consensus on when this phrase first came into use, although it most likely grew out of the Disability Rights Movement that began in the early 1970s. The concept may have started as a cynical play on existing rule sheets, written for audiences without a disability, that were seen as patronizing by civil rights activists. Most disability",
"psg_id": "12419388"
},
{
"title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately",
"text": "get it Zach [Ryder] this is a \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" industry. What has Zach Ryder done for Mojo Rawley lately? Nothing!\" Credits adapted from \"Control\" album booklet. What Have You Done for Me Lately \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986). Jackson co-wrote the song with its producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It was released on January 13, 1986 as the album's lead single, by A&M Records. After two unsuccessful albums and a management change, the singer began developing a",
"psg_id": "4851823"
},
{
"title": "What Have You Done",
"text": "What Have You Done \"What Have You Done\" is the first single from Dutch symphonic metal and rock band Within Temptation's fourth studio album \"The Heart of Everything\" (2007). The song features guest vocals from Life of Agony's lead singer Mina Caputo (then known as Keith Caputo) and it was released as the album's first single in early 2007 (see 2007 in music). It became their first charting single in Canada and in the United States. A new edit and version of the song was released in the US through iTunes on 26 June 2007. There are two music videos",
"psg_id": "9615478"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did Next",
"text": "Mrs. Ashe's brother, Ned, they fell in love. When Katy got home, she received a letter from Ned and blushed and ran to her room, leaving Clover and the reader thinking that Katy and Ned may get married in the future. What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family",
"psg_id": "13579047"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did Next",
"text": "What Katy Did Next What Katy Did Next (1886) is a children's book by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey, working under the pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the stories \"What Katy Did\" (1872) and \"What Katy Did At School\" (1873) and tells the adventures of Katy Carr as she travels to Europe. The book opens by reintroducing the Carr family and introducing the widow Mrs. Ashe. Mrs. Ashe has her nephew, Walter, over for a visit and it is discovered that he has scarlet fever. Anxious that her only daughter Amy should not contract the disease, Amy is sent to live",
"psg_id": "13579043"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did",
"text": "Cousin Helen: Papa's niece; she cannot walk because of an accident years ago. Despite her suffering she is amusing, cheerful, and kind; just what Katy wants to be. After Katy's accident, Cousin Helen helps her adjust to her illness. Susan Coolidge shared her publisher, Roberts Brothers, with Louisa May Alcott, and \"What Katy Did\" helped satisfy the demand for naturalistic novels about girlhood that followed the 1868 success of \"Little Women\". Like Alcott, Coolidge heightened the realism of her novel by drawing on her own childhood memories. \"What Katy Did\" also illustrates social shifts. First the novel depicts the treatment",
"psg_id": "7578094"
},
{
"title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately",
"text": "What Have You Done for Me Lately \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" is a song by American singer Janet Jackson from her third studio album \"Control\" (1986). Jackson co-wrote the song with its producers Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. It was released on January 13, 1986 as the album's lead single, by A&M Records. After two unsuccessful albums and a management change, the singer began developing a new album. \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\" was originally penned for one of Jam and Lewis's own records, but the lyrics were rewritten to convey Jackson's feelings about her",
"psg_id": "4851791"
},
{
"title": "Al Hunter (singer)",
"text": "\"Wellington had the Warratahs; Auckland had the indomitable Al Hunter. In 1993 Pagan released \"The Singer\", cementing Hunter's rep as a genuine country rock talent.\" Eight tracks from Hunter's 1997 release \"Cold Hard Winter\" reappeared on the compilation album \"Troubadours - NZ Singer/Songwriter Series: Vol 1\", which also featured eight tracks each from Glen Moffatt and Red McKelvie. Al Hunter (singer) Al Hunter is a New Zealand country music singer-songwriter whose debut album, \"Neon Cowboy\", released in 1987, \"made country hip\". Hunter was a soul singer in such Auckland bands of the late 1960s and '70s as Killing Floor, Cruise",
"psg_id": "12200015"
},
{
"title": "What Did He Say?",
"text": "– 0:31 16. \"A Little Buzz\" – 2:46 17. \"Kids Didn't Change\" – 0:54 18. \"Heaven Is Where the Heart Is\" – 5:03 What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\"",
"psg_id": "8334567"
},
{
"title": "What Did He Say?",
"text": "What Did He Say? What Did He Say? is the second solo album released by bassist Victor Wooten. 1. \"Yo Victa\" – 0:07 2. \"What Did He Say?\" – 3:20 3. \"What You Won't Do for Love\" – 4:43 4. \"Cherokee\" – 1:49 5. \"Don't Wanna Cry\" – 5:07 6. \"The Lonliest Monk\" – 4:36 7. \"A Chance\" – 2:54 8. \"Radio W-OO-10\" – 1:06 9. \"Norwegian Wood\" – 4:52 10. \"Bro John\" – 4:18 11. \"Naima\" – 5:57 12. \"Sometimes I Laugh\" – 3:20 13. \"My Life\" – 4:45 14. \"The Sojourn of Arjuna\" – 6:29 15. \"Buzz Ntro\"",
"psg_id": "8334566"
},
{
"title": "Look What I Did",
"text": "I Were You I Wouldn't<nowiki>\"</nowiki> in January 2016 on their YouTube account, followed by \"Fireball\" in June 2016, their first songs released since 'Zanzibar III : Analog Prison'. The band was named after friend's child said the phrase 'Mommy, look what I did', about a drawing to her mother when Barry was talking to her over the phone discussing what the band's name should be. Look What I Did Look What I Did is an American post-hardcore band, formed in 2001 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA. The music combines elements of jazz/fusion, hardcore, metal, and progressive pop punk. The band is",
"psg_id": "3994152"
},
{
"title": "Al Singer",
"text": "girl, Billy Boze in 1947. Having earned around a quarter million from boxing in his lifetime, Singer tried various businesses in his thirties and forties including sales, restaurants, real estate, and theater, owning several Cabarets. He was appointed to a judgeship by the New York State Boxing Commission in 1955. On April 20, 1961, he died of a heart attack in his New York City apartment at the age of only 51. Singer, who was Jewish, was inducted into the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2006. Al Singer Al \"The Bronx Beauty\" Singer (September 6, 1909 – April",
"psg_id": "10050661"
},
{
"title": "Al Singer",
"text": "Al Singer Al \"The Bronx Beauty\" Singer (September 6, 1909 – April 20, 1961) was an American boxer who won the world lightweight championship in 1930. Singer was born in a tenement on Broome Street, part of the Jewish section in New York's Lower East Side on September 6, 1909. He was one of four sons and a daughter born to an ambitious ladies' garment entrepeneur who would keep his large family in America's middle class. Singer, an all round athlete who loved basketball, was discovered by boxing trainers Harry Drucker and Hymie Caplan after his tenth amateur bout which",
"psg_id": "10050645"
},
{
"title": "Disability",
"text": "ensure that employers would not discriminate against any individual despite their disability. In 1990, data was gathered to show the percentage of disabled people who worked in the U.S. Out of the 13% who filled out the survey, only 53% percent of individuals with disabilities worked while 90% of this group population did not, the government wanted to change this, they wanted Americans with disabilities to have the same opportunities as those who did not have a disability. The ADA not only required corporations to hire disabled people but that they also accommodate them and their needs. In the UK,",
"psg_id": "672361"
},
{
"title": "What I Did for Love (David Guetta song)",
"text": "What I Did for Love (David Guetta song) \"What I Did for Love\" is a song by French music producer David Guetta. It was released as the third single from his sixth studio album, \"Listen\" (2014). It features vocals by Scottish recording artist Emeli Sandé. It was released officially on 20 February 2015 in the United Kingdom. The song was written by Guetta, Giorgio Tuinfort, Breyan Stanley Isaac, Jason Evigan, Sam Martin, and Sean Douglas. A new version featuring Japanese singer Namie Amuro was included in Amuro's album \"Genic\" and released as a single on 1 July 2015. Guetta and",
"psg_id": "18421716"
},
{
"title": "Did You Ever Have a Family",
"text": "Did You Ever Have a Family Did You Ever Have a Family is the debut novel by American literary agent and author Bill Clegg, published in 2015. The novel focuses on June Reid, a beautiful, rich Connecticut woman. On the night before her daughter’s wedding, June Reid loses her daughter, her daughter’s fiancé, her ex-husband, and her boyfriend in a tragic house fire. Grief-stricken, she drives across the country to Washington. Over the course of her journey, details slowly emerge about what caused the fire and its impact on the community. \"Did You Ever Have a Family\" received favourable reviews",
"psg_id": "19071773"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did",
"text": "up: \"What Katy Did at School\" and \"What Katy Did Next\". Two further sequels relating the adventures of Katy's younger siblings were also published—\"Clover\" and \"In the High Valley\". The books were frequently reprinted and all are available online. Coolidge modeled Katy on her own childhood self, and the other 'Little Carrs' on her brothers and sisters. The title is a play on the katydid, a family of insects – which explains the insects on the first edition book cover. 12-year-old Katy Carr lives with her widowed father and her two brothers and three sisters in Burnet, a small midwestern",
"psg_id": "7578085"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did",
"text": "What Katy Did What Katy Did is an 1872 children's book written by Sarah Chauncey Woolsey under her pen name Susan Coolidge. It follows the adventures of a twelve-year-old American girl, Katy Carr, and her family who live in the fictional lakeside Ohio town of Burnet in the 1860s. Katy is a tall untidy tomboy, forever getting into scrapes but wishing to be beautiful and beloved. When a terrible accident makes her an invalid, her illness and four-year recovery gradually teach her to be as good and kind as she has always wanted. Two sequels follow Katy as she grows",
"psg_id": "7578084"
},
{
"title": "What Kate Did",
"text": "What Kate Did \"What Kate Did\" is the 34th episode of \"Lost\". It is the ninth episode of the second season. The episode was directed by Paul Edwards, and written by Steven Maeda and Craig Wright. It first aired on November 30, 2005, on ABC. The character of Kate Austen is featured in the episode's flashbacks. Kate Austen kills her alcoholic stepfather, Wayne Jansen, by blowing up his house. Kate confronts her mother, Diane Austen. Kate reveals that she took out an insurance policy under Diane's name. Later, Kate attempts to buy a ticket to Tallahassee, when she is arrested",
"psg_id": "7347814"
},
{
"title": "What Richard Did",
"text": "Festival in Turkey. The film was released on DVD in Ireland on 8 February 2013. What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the",
"psg_id": "16918902"
},
{
"title": "What Richard Did",
"text": "What Richard Did What Richard Did is a 2012 Irish film directed by Lenny Abrahamson and written by Malcolm Campbell. The film is loosely based on Kevin Power's \"Bad Day in Blackrock\", a fictionalised novel inspired by the real-life death of Brian Murphy in 2000. It won the best Irish film of the year award at the 10th Irish Film & Television Awards and was the most commercially successful Irish film of 2012. It has screened at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival and the BFI London Film Festival and was selected to screen at the Tribeca Film Festival in",
"psg_id": "16918894"
},
{
"title": "What Hetty Did",
"text": "early 20s. The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4's Woman's Hour Drama in 2004. What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in",
"psg_id": "11856928"
},
{
"title": "What Hetty Did",
"text": "What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr, published in 1988 when he was 76 years old. The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl. Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens; after a beating by her father, discovering that she was adopted, she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp. Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives, including Emma Foxberrow, a teacher in \"The Harpole Report\" and Edward",
"psg_id": "11856925"
},
{
"title": "What I Did Right",
"text": "daughter. All three examples are connected by a chorus stating \"\"I'll take this one day and figure out what I did right / And I'll do it the same way for the rest of my life.\"\" Deborah Evans Price of \"Billboard\" reviewed the song favorably, saying that \"Like 'I Hope You Dance'…the song will touch a universal chord with everyone who has experienced a moment so perfect they wish they could capture it and live it over again.\" What I Did Right \"What I Did Right\" is a song recorded by American country music group Sons of the Desert. It",
"psg_id": "18787754"
},
{
"title": "What Katie Did (company)",
"text": "Thomas has also appeared advising on corsets on ABC's Nightline in 2012 and in the same year was nominated for Cosmopolitan's Businesswoman of the Year. The brand recreates designs from the 1950s including the bullet bra, which has been worn by celebrities such as Madonna and Rihanna. What Katie Did are also known for their steel boned corsets. Models for the company include Bernie Dexter, Missy Malone, Jami Deadly and Miss Polly Rae. What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned",
"psg_id": "17247248"
},
{
"title": "What Katy Did",
"text": "in her bedroom, makes the best of things and waits, hoping to outgrow her injury. There is no physical therapy – instead Katy is warned to avoid too much movement lest she \"set herself back\". Cousin Helen manages to travel a little, and even goes for a hydrotherapy water cure at one point, but it is made clear that she has no hope of ever walking again. Two TV movies and a brief TV series have been based on \"What Katy Did\". The most recent film (1999) starred Alison Pill as Katy, with Megan Follows as Cousin Helen, Michael Cera",
"psg_id": "7578096"
},
{
"title": "Disability",
"text": "general disrespect, and lack of recognition, originates from a social model framework. Embracing disability as a positive identity by becoming involved in disabled communities and participating in disabled culture can be an effective way to combat internalised prejudice; and can challenge dominant narratives about disability. The experiences that disabled people have navigating social institutions vary greatly as a function of what other social categories they may belong to. The categories that intersect with disability to create unique experiences of ableism include, but aren't limited to, race and gender. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities differentiates",
"psg_id": "672347"
},
{
"title": "What the Hell Have I",
"text": "who would later direct the music video for \"Grind\". In the music video, singer Layne Staley's face is projected on him with different expressions, while guitarist Jerry Cantrell is seen with the same contact lenses with a smiley face that was worn by Mr. Benedict (played by Charles Dance) in \"Last Action Hero\". The video is available on the home video release \"\". What the Hell Have I \"What the Hell Have I\" is a song by the American rock band Alice in Chains. It was originally featured on the soundtrack to the 1993 John McTiernan film \"Last Action Hero\"",
"psg_id": "9521022"
},
{
"title": "Disability",
"text": "are acts that have been imposed in order to prevent the discrimination of individuals with disabilities in the workplace, there is still an employment gap that can be seen between those with and without disabilities. In regards to employment, the institute's status report accounts that 34.6% of people with any disability reported being employed. By comparison; 77.6% of individuals, who did not report having a disability, reported having a full-time job in 2014. For those employed full-time, individuals with disabilities on average earned $5,100 less than employees without a disability who were also employed full-time. Those affected the most by",
"psg_id": "672372"
},
{
"title": "Reading disability",
"text": "(e.g. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, math disability, etc.). Although not an intellectual disability, it is considered both a learning disability and a reading disability. Dyslexia and IQ are not interrelated, since reading and cognition develop independently in individuals who have dyslexia.\"Nerve problems can cause damage to the control of eye muscles which can also cause diplopia\" (WEBMD, 2005) Hyperlexic children are characterized by word-reading ability well above what would be expected given their ages and IQs. Hyperlexia can be viewed as a superability in which word recognition ability goes far above expected levels of skill. However, in spite of few problems with",
"psg_id": "6100604"
},
{
"title": "Disability",
"text": "creates an impairment, restriction, or limitation from reaching the social definition of health, the individual is labeled as disabled. Under this idea, disability is not defined by the physical features of the body but by a deviance from the social convention of health. Social construction of disability would argue that the medical model of disability's view that a disability is an impairment, restriction, or limitation is wrong. Instead what is seen as a disability is just a difference in the individual from what is considered \"normal\" in society. In contexts where their differences are visible, persons with disabilities often face",
"psg_id": "672340"
},
{
"title": "Al Lewis (singer-songwriter)",
"text": "2014 Lewis and Leigh have released a four-track EP, \"Night Drives\". The EP features three original songs and a cover of Wilco's \"Say You Miss Me\". Lewis's music is regularly played on BBC Radio 2. In 2015 he headlined the bill at Sesiwn Fawr in Dolgellau. Al Lewis (singer-songwriter) Al Lewis (born 1984 in Pwllheli, Wales) is a Welsh singer and songwriter. He became known in the Welsh language media after his song came second in the Cân i Gymru contest in 2007. Lewis attended Ysgol y Creuddyn in Conwy, where he formed a cover band called Bluewood. He participated",
"psg_id": "14909330"
},
{
"title": "What Katie Did (company)",
"text": "What Katie Did (company) What Katie Did is a British lingerie design house founded in 1999 by Katie Thomas. In 1999, being unable to afford fully fashioned stockings, Thomas decided to invest in nylons to sell at The London Fetish Fair. This led to Thomas creating her own website. In 2002, What Katie Did's first reproduction of the Bullet bra was launched, the first to be produced in the country. The next year, the company opened a boutique in London Portobello. In 2010, Thomas was asked to advise on an bra of Marilyn Monroe that was put up for auction.",
"psg_id": "17247247"
},
{
"title": "I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer",
"text": "I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer is a 2006 American slasher film. Released direct-to-video, the film is the third and final installment of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" series, but does not have any of the cast returning from the first two installments. The film instead takes the basic myth of the series and starts it over with a new set of characters. \"I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer\" was released on DVD and Blu-ray on August 15, 2006. In 2005, Amber Williams (Brooke Nevin), her",
"psg_id": "7327697"
},
{
"title": "Social construction of disability",
"text": "Social construction of disability The social construction of disability is the idea that society and its institutions have the power to construct disability around social expectations of health. This idea argues that disability is construction based on several localized social expectations. For example, in the medieval period disability was constructed around a person's moral behavior. Disability was seen as divine punishment or a side effect of a moral failing being physically or biologically different was not enough to be considered disabled. Only until the European Enlightenment did society change its definition of disability to be more related to biology. However",
"psg_id": "17738531"
},
{
"title": "What the Ancients Did for Us",
"text": "What the Ancients Did for Us What the Ancients Did for Us is a 2005 BBC documentary series presented by Adam Hart-Davis that examines the impact of ancient civilizations on modern society. The series was produced in conjunction with the Open University and is a departure from the previous series not only in that each episode is an hour long rather than half an hour (though heavily edited half-hour versions have also been shown), but also in that it does not concentrate on a single period of history but rather one ancient civilization per episode including the Chinese, the Indians",
"psg_id": "7149505"
},
{
"title": "Disability sport classification",
"text": "and retain what they are told, focusing on improving overall physical ability to improve competition performance, focus more skills while playing rather than as independent drills removed from the sport, and revisit concepts often. People with mild levels of mental retardation have performance levels similar to non-disabled sportspeople. Sometimes, sportspeople with intellectual disabilities are integrated into competitions with other disability and non-disability sportspeople. They compete in their own classification indicating they have such a disability. Some sports are not open via their IFs to people with intellectual disabilities on the elite level. This includes cycling. It is also true for",
"psg_id": "16153109"
},
{
"title": "Disability art",
"text": "the similar barriers that many deaf people face accessing the arts. Disability art Disability art or disability arts is any art, theatre, fine arts, film, writing, music that takes disability as its theme or whose context relates to disability. Disability arts is an area of art where the context of the art takes on disability as its theme. Disability art is about exploring the conceptual ideas and physical realities of what it is like to be disabled or concepts relating to the word. Disability art is different from Disability in the arts which refers more to the active participation or",
"psg_id": "16309840"
},
{
"title": "Disability art",
"text": "Disability art Disability art or disability arts is any art, theatre, fine arts, film, writing, music that takes disability as its theme or whose context relates to disability. Disability arts is an area of art where the context of the art takes on disability as its theme. Disability art is about exploring the conceptual ideas and physical realities of what it is like to be disabled or concepts relating to the word. Disability art is different from Disability in the arts which refers more to the active participation or representation of disabled people in the arts rather than the context",
"psg_id": "16309825"
},
{
"title": "Al Sears",
"text": "died in St. Albans, New York, at the age of 80. With Mildred Anderson With Al Hibbler With Johnny Hodges With Budd Johnson Al Sears Albert Omega Sears (February 21, 1910 – March 23, 1990) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist and bandleader, sometimes credited as Big Al Sears. Sears was born in Macomb, Illinois. His first major gig came in 1928 when he replaced Johnny Hodges in Chick Webb's ensemble. Following this he played with Elmer Snowden (1931–32), then led his own groups between 1933 and 1941. In the early 1940s he was with Andy Kirk (1941–42) and Lionel",
"psg_id": "11769967"
},
{
"title": "I Saw What You Did",
"text": "2016, Shout! Factory released the film for the first time on Blu-ray Disc under their sub-label, Scream Factory. \"I Saw What You Did\" was remade for television in 1988 with Robert Carradine, David Carradine, Tammy Lauren and Shawnee Smith. I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was",
"psg_id": "7263691"
},
{
"title": "You Know What You Did",
"text": "You Know What You Did \"You Know What You Did\" is the first episode of the third season of \"The Hills\". It originally aired on MTV on August 13, 2007. In the episode, Lauren Conrad ends her friendship with former housemate Heidi Montag after suspecting that Heidi and her boyfriend Spencer Pratt fabricated rumors of a sex tape involving Lauren and her ex-boyfriend Jason Wahler. The ensuing feud between the women becomes a central focus of the series, and is carried through each subsequent season in which Conrad appears. \"You Know What You Did\" was produced by Tony DiSanto, Adam",
"psg_id": "10149533"
},
{
"title": "Al Hunter (singer)",
"text": "Al Hunter (singer) Al Hunter is a New Zealand country music singer-songwriter whose debut album, \"Neon Cowboy\", released in 1987, \"made country hip\". Hunter was a soul singer in such Auckland bands of the late 1960s and '70s as Killing Floor, Cruise Lane, Chapeaux and the Hunter McCallum Band before embracing country music. His debut album was produced by Stuart Pearce on a budget CBS had provided for a single. It was recorded in Australia and included contributions from Dave Dobbyn. Hunter's following two albums were released by Pagan in the 1990s. Respected New Zealand rock historian John Dix wrote,",
"psg_id": "12200014"
},
{
"title": "Look What I Did",
"text": "the band signed a deal with new label Modernist Movement. The album \"Atlas Drugged\" was released on February 9, 2010 via Modernist Movement Recordings. Atlas Drugged was also produced by Brian Virtue. Decibel magazine referred to the band in a review of Atlas Drugged, \"Look What I Did crush on political philosophers, put Latin words in their song titles and generally get off on being a bunch of wiseasses to spazzed-out Adderall punk.\". The album title is play on Ayn Rand's 1957 novel 'Atlas Shrugged' In 2013, Look What I Did began revealing songs set to be released on their",
"psg_id": "3994150"
},
{
"title": "What Did I Do?",
"text": "Australian iTunes Store. On Boxing Day 2011, a remix by Sander van Doorn was released to Beatport, released on Doorn Records. The single is billed to Kele vs. Sander van Doorn featuring Lucy Taylor. A music video (simply a re-edited version of the original video) was released. The songs music video was released on 13 September 2011 to Kele's official YouTube channel. As of 23 November 2011, the video has 295939 views. The music video was directed by Nova Dando, with the dancers styled by Nadine Artois. What Did I Do? \"What Did I Do?\" is a song by Kele",
"psg_id": "16049221"
},
{
"title": "What Have I Done to Deserve This? (song)",
"text": "performed the song with American singer Lady Gaga. What Have I Done to Deserve This? (song) \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" is a song by English synthpop duo Pet Shop Boys, featuring singer Dusty Springfield. When it was released as a single in late 1987, it peaked at number 2 in the UK and also at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the fourth top ten hit for Pet Shop Boys as well as the biggest hit of Springfield's career in the US. It was kept from the top spot by \"Seasons Change\" by Exposé and",
"psg_id": "9353642"
},
{
"title": "What Have I Done to Deserve This? (song)",
"text": "What Have I Done to Deserve This? (song) \"What Have I Done to Deserve This?\" is a song by English synthpop duo Pet Shop Boys, featuring singer Dusty Springfield. When it was released as a single in late 1987, it peaked at number 2 in the UK and also at number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming the fourth top ten hit for Pet Shop Boys as well as the biggest hit of Springfield's career in the US. It was kept from the top spot by \"Seasons Change\" by Exposé and \"Father Figure\" by their fellow British singer George",
"psg_id": "9353639"
},
{
"title": "Disability",
"text": "of Nazi eugenics, eugenics faded from public discourse, and increasingly disability cohered into a set of attributes that medicine could attend to – whether through augmentation, rehabilitation, or treatment. In both contemporary and modern history, disability was often viewed as a by-product of incest between first-degree relatives or second-degree relatives. In the early 1970s, disability activists began to challenge how society treated disabled people and the medical approach to disability. Due to this work, physical barriers to access were identified. These conditions functionally disabled them, and what is now known as the social model of disability emerged. Coined by Mike",
"psg_id": "672319"
},
{
"title": "What Do I Have to Do",
"text": "What Do I Have to Do \"What Do I Have to Do\" is a song performed by Australian singer and songwriter Kylie Minogue taken from her third studio album \"Rhythm of Love\" (1990). The song was written and produced by Stock, Aitken & Waterman. Originally, the song was planned to be released after the single \"Better the Devil You Know\", but instead \"Step Back in Time\" was released and this was released as the third single on 21 January 1991. The song received positive reviews from most music critics, who thought the song was an instant rave classic. The song",
"psg_id": "6988625"
},
{
"title": "I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer",
"text": "He described the directing, editing, script, and acting all as predictable and uninteresting, ultimately summarizing the film as \"Not so much outrageously awful as it is deadly dry and dishwater dull\". I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer I'll Always Know What You Did Last Summer is a 2006 American slasher film. Released direct-to-video, the film is the third and final installment of \"I Know What You Did Last Summer\" series, but does not have any of the cast returning from the first two installments. The film instead takes the basic myth of the series and starts it over",
"psg_id": "7327706"
},
{
"title": "Disability in Australia",
"text": "over the last 15 years, within Australia, a person with disability had been murdered by their intimate carer (a friend or family member) every three months. Disability can be the subject of theatrical performance. For example \"Unspoken\" presents a story about what it is like to have a brother with severe disabilities. \"This Wikipedia article is substantially built upon text directly from Australian Bureau of Statistics 2009, Disability, Ageing and Carers, Australia: Summary of Findings, cat. no. 4430.0, ABS, Canberra. That publication has been licensed under CC-BY-2.5-AU. Imported on 21 September 2013.\" \"This Wikipedia article is substantially built upon text",
"psg_id": "17561492"
},
{
"title": "What Did You Expect? (film)",
"text": "What Did You Expect? (film) What Did You Expect?, which made its film festival debut in June, 2012, is a live concert documentary capturing the Archers of Loaf reunion tour, directed by Gorman Bechard. Indie rock icons the Archers of Loaf reunited in 2011, and during the course of their reunion tour played two legendary concerts at Cat's Cradle in Chapel Hill, NC. Combining in-your-face concert footage along with rare interviews of the band, this film by director Gorman Bechard documents those concerts, and captures the excitement and explosive energy of what its like to see this extraordinary band perform",
"psg_id": "17542105"
},
{
"title": "What Did I Promise Her Last Night",
"text": "failed relationships and one-night stands and wonders to himself if he could have been the one to provide her the lasting relationship she had been longing for. The single peaked at No. 4 in February 1978 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart, and No. 2 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Singles chart about the same time. What Did I Promise Her Last Night \"What Did I Promise Her Last Night\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Mel Tillis. It was released in November 1977 as the second and final single from the album \"Love's Troubled Waters\".",
"psg_id": "20558752"
},
{
"title": "Hussam Al-Rassam",
"text": "Hussam Al-Rassam Hussam Al Rassam (Arabic,حسام الرسام born 29 March 1978) is an Iraqi singer who has become a known singer post the 2003 Iraq war. He started his career as a singer fairly young but did not have much success until later in life with his album \"Al Agrobah\" (\"The Scorpion\"). After a successful single, he started to sing for free in the hunting club to gain popularity, and rumors indicates that he was singing in parties held by wives of senior Iraqi officials and figures especially ((wedad al-orfily)), Al-Rassam joined forces with Abbas Chechan, a popular Iraqi poet,",
"psg_id": "11662133"
},
{
"title": "International Disability Alliance",
"text": "disability advocates, and presented case studies of people with disabilities in various countries around the world. they did this both to highlight deficiencies in how countries are handling issues of inclusion, and also to highlight growth in cases where good changes have taken place. The regional member organisations are: IDA works in affiliation with bodies of the United Nations in apprising DPOs on the status of the rights of people with disabilities according to most current observations and in accordance with treaty signatories. International Disability Alliance The International Disability Alliance (IDA), created in 1999, is an umbrella organization focused on",
"psg_id": "8997330"
},
{
"title": "Al Wilson (singer)",
"text": "kidney failure, in Fontana, California, at the age of 68. He was buried at the Evergreen Cemetery in Riverside, California. Al Wilson (singer) Allen LaMar \"Al\" Wilson (June 19, 1939 – April 21, 2008) was an American soul singer known for the million-selling #1 hit, \"Show and Tell\". He is also remembered for his Northern soul anthem, \"The Snake\". Wilson was born in Meridian, Mississippi. He showed little interest in education but performed in school plays, sang in talent shows and won first prize in a local art contest. He began his career at the age of twelve leading his",
"psg_id": "6255437"
},
{
"title": "Al Wilson (singer)",
"text": "Al Wilson (singer) Allen LaMar \"Al\" Wilson (June 19, 1939 – April 21, 2008) was an American soul singer known for the million-selling #1 hit, \"Show and Tell\". He is also remembered for his Northern soul anthem, \"The Snake\". Wilson was born in Meridian, Mississippi. He showed little interest in education but performed in school plays, sang in talent shows and won first prize in a local art contest. He began his career at the age of twelve leading his own spiritual quartet and singing in the church choir, and performing covers of country and western hits. While he was",
"psg_id": "6255431"
},
{
"title": "Al Goodman (singer)",
"text": "Lewis ended in divorce. Al Goodman (singer) Willie Albert \"Al\" Goodman (March 31, 1943 – July 26, 2010) was an American singer who performed as part of the musical trio Ray, Goodman & Brown, a group that was earlier called The Moments and was known for their songs \"Love on a Two-Way Street\", \"Sexy Mama\" and \"Look at Me (I'm in Love)\" as The Moments and later, \"Special Lady\" after changing their name to Ray, Goodman and Brown. Goodman was born on March 31, 1943, in Jackson, Mississippi and started singing a cappella doo-wop while he was in high school.",
"psg_id": "14774558"
},
{
"title": "Al Goodman (singer)",
"text": "Al Goodman (singer) Willie Albert \"Al\" Goodman (March 31, 1943 – July 26, 2010) was an American singer who performed as part of the musical trio Ray, Goodman & Brown, a group that was earlier called The Moments and was known for their songs \"Love on a Two-Way Street\", \"Sexy Mama\" and \"Look at Me (I'm in Love)\" as The Moments and later, \"Special Lady\" after changing their name to Ray, Goodman and Brown. Goodman was born on March 31, 1943, in Jackson, Mississippi and started singing a cappella doo-wop while he was in high school. He headed to New",
"psg_id": "14774553"
},
{
"title": "What Have You Done for Me Lately",
"text": "\"The Pleasure Principle\", \"Control\" and \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\". After an interlude, Jackson made her entrance amid fireworks and theatrical smoke to perform the medley, while donning a Mohawk hairstyle. While promoting her second greatest hits album \"Number Ones\", the singer performed an eight-minute medley of six hits during the American Music Awards of 2009. It included \"Control\", \"Miss You Much\", \"What Have You Done for Me Lately\", \"If\", \"Make Me\", and finished with \"Together Again\". At the end of the performance, she received applauses and standing ovation from the audience. On the 2010 Essence Music Festival,",
"psg_id": "4851816"
},
{
"title": "What We Did on Our Holiday",
"text": "film received positive reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 73% rating based on 41 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10. The site's consensus states: \"Witty and well-cast, \"What We Did on Our Holiday\" injects unlikely laughs into a story dealing with dark, difficult themes.\" On Metacritic, the film has a 54 out of 100 rating, based on 14 critics. What We Did on Our Holiday What We Did on Our Holiday is a 2014 British comedy-drama film written and directed by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin. The film, starring David Tennant, Rosamund Pike, and Billy",
"psg_id": "17849612"
},
{
"title": "What They Did to Princess Paragon",
"text": "of the fan base. One deranged fanboy in particular, Jerome T. Kornacker, is so outraged that his favorite superheroine is being \"perverted,\" that he takes radical steps to stop the change. \"What They Did to Princess Paragon\" is a tongue-in-cheek look at the comic book industry, the artists who create comics, the corporations that publish and sell them, and the fans who support and consume the books. The story is also an exploration of 1990s lesbian feminist thought. What They Did to Princess Paragon What They Did to Princess Paragon is a humor novel by Robert Rodi, which tells the",
"psg_id": "13675535"
},
{
"title": "What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?",
"text": "mundane shooters and RPGs with their played out themes of morality, but it's trying too hard to be clever.\" The game currently holds 69% on Metacritic. There have been two sequels to \"What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord?\" released on PSP: \"What Did I Do To Deserve This, My Lord? 2\" and \"No Heroes Allowed!\". A third sequel, \"No Heroes Allowed!\", was released in 2014 for PlayStation Vita, with a fourth, \"No Heroes Allowed! VR\", released on October 14 2017 for PlayStation VR. What Did I Do to Deserve This, My Lord? The game was released in",
"psg_id": "13232615"
},
{
"title": "Medical model of disability",
"text": "biological causes.The medical professionals now define what is \"normal\" and what is \"abnormal\" in terms of biology and disability. In some countries, the medical model of disability has influenced legislation and policy pertaining to persons with disabilities on a national level. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), published in 2001, defines disability as an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. Disability is the interaction between individuals with a health condition (such as cerebral palsy, Down syndrome and depression) and personal and environmental factors (such as negative attitudes, inaccessible transportation and public buildings, and limited",
"psg_id": "4119727"
},
{
"title": "Disability policy in Sweden",
"text": "inequality between those that are disabled and those that are full functioning members of society, giving disabled people the opportunity to have jobs, receive and education, and live in their own housing with help if necessary. In order to qualify for any sort of disability pay, a person has to be able to do 50% less than what they were initially able to do. To qualify for full disability pay, a person has to be able to do 84% less than what they were initially able to do. The Social Services Act implemented in 1982 and since changed many times",
"psg_id": "20481082"
},
{
"title": "I Saw What You Did",
"text": "I Saw What You Did I Saw What You Did is a 1965 American horror-thriller film released by Universal Pictures and starring Joan Crawford and John Ireland. The plot follows two teenage girls who find themselves in serious danger after making a prank phone call to a man who has just murdered his wife. The screenplay by William P. McGivern was based upon the 1964 novel \"Out of the Dark\" by Ursula Curtiss. The film was produced and directed by William Castle. When two mischievous teens Libby (Andi Garrett) and Kit (Sara Lane) are home alone with Libby's younger sister",
"psg_id": "7263683"
},
{
"title": "What We Did Last Summer",
"text": "bungee rope is identical to him doing the same on the cover of his newly released album \"Escapology\". Williams entrance was accompanied by \"Let Me Entertain You\", a song he often uses as the first song. As he often does, Williams dedicated his 12th song \"No Regrets\" to his former Take That bandmates Gary Barlow, Jason Orange, Mark Owen, and Howard Donald. The performance of \"Back for Good\" on the third night by Williams and Owen was not included in the main section of the DVD. What We Did Last Summer What We Did Last Summer – Robbie Williams: Live",
"psg_id": "14693059"
},
{
"title": "What We Did Last Summer",
"text": "What We Did Last Summer What We Did Last Summer – Robbie Williams: Live at Knebworth is a live DVD by Robbie Williams, recorded between 1–3 August 2003 at Knebworth, England as part of the Weekends of Mass Distraction Tour, the second last venue on the first leg of the tour. The album is a DVD companion to the live album \"Live at Knebworth\" (also known as \"Live Summer 2003\"). The songs \"Nan's Song\", \"Better Man\" and \"Made Up Song\" all feature Robbie Williams on acoustic guitar. The show's opening with Williams making an entrance hanging upside down on a",
"psg_id": "14693058"
},
{
"title": "You Know What You Did",
"text": "is able to leave the club. Lauren and Audrina get into an argument with Heidi and Spencer outside of Les Deux, where Lauren delivers the now-famous quote \"You know what you did!\", elaborating that \"You started a sick little rumor about me! You're a sad, pathetic person.\" The following morning, Heidi explains to her co-worker Elodie Otto that she was unaware of said speculation, and still wants to reconcile with Lauren. Meanwhile, Lauren tells Whitney that she is saddened by the idea of losing her friend, although admits that she has benefited from their separation. \"You Know What You Did\"",
"psg_id": "10149538"
},
{
"title": "You Know What You Did",
"text": "DiVello, Liz Gateley, Sara Mast, Andrew Perry, Jason Sands, Robyn Schnieders, Sean Travis, Michael \"Spike\" Van Briesen, and Rick Van Meter. The episode was met with generally favorable reviews from critics, who felt that the changed dynamic between Conrad and Montag was entertaining for television. It was additionally notable for Conrad's delivery of the titular line \"You know what you did!\" when speaking to Montag, which has since been recognized as an iconic moment from the series. According to Nielsen ratings, \"You Know What You Did\" was watched by 3.6 million viewers in its original airing. The episode was released",
"psg_id": "10149534"
}
] | [
"he was blind"
] |
"which writer said, "" an atheist is a man who has no invisible means of support?""" | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man",
"text": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man Memoirs of an Invisible Man is a 1987 science fiction novel by H. F. Saint. Nicholas Halloway is a 34-year-old Manhattan securities analyst who writes a narrative memoir (presumably this book) of his life starting on the day of an accident which renders him invisible. He recounts his involvement in a romantic affair with Anne Epstein, a woman who has taken interest in his aptitude for business and is a reporter for the \"Times\". He escorts her to MicroMagnetics where scientists are holding a press conference for research on the magnetic containment of a nuclear",
"psg_id": "14917985"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man",
"text": "million USD for both book-club rights and the filming rights, won after a bidding war by Warner Bros. The film version, released in 1992 had less success than the book, being a box office bomb with negative reviews. Memoirs of an Invisible Man Memoirs of an Invisible Man is a 1987 science fiction novel by H. F. Saint. Nicholas Halloway is a 34-year-old Manhattan securities analyst who writes a narrative memoir (presumably this book) of his life starting on the day of an accident which renders him invisible. He recounts his involvement in a romantic affair with Anne Epstein, a",
"psg_id": "14917991"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film) Memoirs of an Invisible Man is a 1992 American comedy science fiction film directed by John Carpenter and starring Chevy Chase, Daryl Hannah, Sam Neill, Michael McKean and Stephen Tobolowsky. The film is loosely based on \"Memoirs of an Invisible Man\", a 1987 novel by H.F. Saint. According to William Goldman's book \"Which Lie Did I Tell?\", the film was initially developed for director Ivan Reitman; however, this version never came to fruition, due to disagreements between Reitman and Chevy Chase. Nick Halloway (Chevy Chase) is a stock analyst who spends most of his",
"psg_id": "6025193"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "effects of invisible support on recipients have been extensively investigated, but the consequences of invisible support on providers are less known. One study in 2016 investigated the benefits and costs of invisible support on couple-members who enacted supportive behaviors by differentiating the processes of invisible emotional support (support through reassurance, encouragement, and understanding) from processes of invisible instrumental support (providing tangible aid such as sending money or childcare). No costs of support-giving were found for providers when they demonstrated acts of invisible emotional support. The effects for invisible instrumental support told a different story, where providers who reported high relationship",
"psg_id": "19831323"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "this case, a friend or family member may subtly provide advice in an indirect manner as a means to preserve the recipient's self-esteem or to defer his or her attention from a stressful situation. Invisible support can be viewed on both ends of an exchange, in which the recipient is unaware of the support received and the provider enacts support in a skillful, subtle way. It is well known that perceptions of social support availability predict better adjustment to stressful life events. It has been found that the perception of support availability is inherently comforting, and can serve as a",
"psg_id": "19831316"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "the scene where Nick's body is outlined by raindrops is more effectively imagined than an identical scene in \"Daredevil\". A new blu ray release from distributor Shout! Factory was from a new 2K scan of the original film elements. Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film) Memoirs of an Invisible Man is a 1992 American comedy science fiction film directed by John Carpenter and starring Chevy Chase, Daryl Hannah, Sam Neill, Michael McKean and Stephen Tobolowsky. The film is loosely based on \"Memoirs of an Invisible Man\", a 1987 novel by H.F. Saint. According to William Goldman's book \"Which Lie Did",
"psg_id": "6025211"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man",
"text": "invisibility plot. An editorial review from \"Publishers Weekly\" describes the book's dialogue as \"absolutely true and suspense sustained at high pitch throughout, this supple fantasy attends so cleverly to plausible elements that it entertains from beginning to end\". A review for \"The New York Times\" complimented the ways in which \"The Invisible Man\" was updated to the 1980s and Saint's \"droll sense of humor\", but criticized the uneven writing and wasted potential. Early on, H. F. Saint was devoted to becoming a full-time writer but later retired due to the book's success. Even before publishing, Saint earned an estimated $2.5",
"psg_id": "14917990"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "satisfaction were unaffected, but providers who reported low relationship satisfaction were negatively affected by their acts of invisible instrumental support with an increase in negative mood. These findings suggest that emotional comfort may be a more central function to maintain close relationships than instrumental support. Therefore, providing invisible emotional support may lead to less perceptions of a costly inequity than providing invisible instrumental support on average. However, since invisible instrumental support did not incur costs for providers who reported high relationship satisfaction, it implies that high relationship satisfaction may buffer potential costs that would otherwise be felt by support-providers. The",
"psg_id": "19831324"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (Queen song)",
"text": "image of the band in the game once more, Deacon without a hat, and the child walks underneath them. The video features a then-15-year-old Danniella Westbrook who joined soap opera EastEnders the following year. A cover of the song has been done by Scatman John, in which many of the lyrics and instrumentals are replaced with scat singing. Butch Hartman, the creator of the Nickelodeon animated series \"Danny Phantom\", has said the show's theme song was inspired by the bass line of \"The Invisible Man\". The Invisible Man (Queen song) \"The Invisible Man\" is a song by the British rock",
"psg_id": "7976041"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "Invisible support Invisible support is a psychological term used to describe a type of social support in which supportive exchanges are not visible to recipients. There are two possible situations that can describe acts of invisible support. The first possibility entails a situation where \"recipients are completely unaware of the supportive transaction between themselves and support-givers\". For example, a spouse may choose to spontaneously take care of housework without mentioning it to the other couple-member. Invisible support also occurs when \"recipients are aware of an act that takes place but do not interpret the act as a supportive exchange\". In",
"psg_id": "19831315"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man",
"text": "any image would be badly blurred if the eye had an invisible cornea and lens. \"The Invisible Man\" has been adapted to, and referenced in, film, television, and comics. The Invisible Man The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. Originally serialized in \"Pearson's Weekly\" in 1897, it was published as a novel the same year. The Invisible Man of the title is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light",
"psg_id": "484826"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "\"\"Memoirs of an Invisible Man\" isn't a movie. It's an identity crisis. The previews would have you believe it's a zany comedy. But the jokes are too far and few between. And if it's a comedy, why is John Carpenter directing it? This is the man who did \"Halloween\"...if \"Memoirs\" wants to get serious, why is Chevy Chase in the lead? This is the man who starred in \"National Lampoon's European Vacation.\"\" While reviewing the DVD release of the film for \"Film Freak Central\", Bill Chambers wrote that Carpenter's use of effects makes the film worth seeing. He feels that",
"psg_id": "6025210"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "differential results between invisible instrumental and emotional support indicate that a solid distinction between instrumental and emotional social support may be useful to take into account when investigating effects of invisible support as a whole. Invisible support Invisible support is a psychological term used to describe a type of social support in which supportive exchanges are not visible to recipients. There are two possible situations that can describe acts of invisible support. The first possibility entails a situation where \"recipients are completely unaware of the supportive transaction between themselves and support-givers\". For example, a spouse may choose to spontaneously take",
"psg_id": "19831325"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Means",
"text": "the group. Mark Deming at AllMusic described \"Invisible Means\" as \"calmer, and a bit easier to digest\" than their first album, \"Live, Love, Larf & Loaf\", but complained that it \"lacks ... the playful wit and high spirits\" of that album. Deming added, however, that there are some \"intelligent but unexpectedly conventional-sounding pop tunes\" from French, some good contributions from Kaiser and Frith, and \"a stunning tune\", \"Killing Jar\" from Thompson. Live recording only available on the 2008 reissue. Invisible Means Invisible Means is a studio album by the United States/English experimental rock quartet French Frith Kaiser Thompson. It was",
"psg_id": "10401529"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man",
"text": "The Invisible Man The Invisible Man is a science fiction novel by H. G. Wells. Originally serialized in \"Pearson's Weekly\" in 1897, it was published as a novel the same year. The Invisible Man of the title is Griffin, a scientist who has devoted himself to research into optics and invents a way to change a body's refractive index to that of air so that it neither absorbs nor reflects light and thus becomes invisible. He successfully carries out this procedure on himself, but fails in his attempt to reverse it. An enthusiast of random and irresponsible violence, Griffin has",
"psg_id": "484815"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "is invisible or goes unnoticed by recipients. While invisible support has been shown to benefit recipients over visibly supportive acts in some cases, there have also been instances where recipients have benefitted from visible support as well. For example, greater observed support enacted by intimate partners during couples’ support-relevant exchanges have been shown to build feelings of closeness and support, boost positive mood and self-esteem, and foster greater goal achievement and relationship quality across time. It has been recently suggested that acts of invisible support and visible support may be beneficial or costly depending on different circumstances. To investigate this",
"psg_id": "19831320"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "it. The first investigation of invisible support involved a couples study in which one member was preparing for the New York State Bar Exam. Support receipt and provision were measured by having both couple members complete daily diary entries. Over the course of one month, stressed individuals who reported low frequency of received support (but whose partner ranked his or her own actions as highly supportive) rated themselves low on anxiety and depression compared to other individuals who reported high frequency of received support. A substantial body of work has evidence to suggest that support is most effective when it",
"psg_id": "19831319"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "to shoot the same movie twice\", as after normal takes the effects team would set up their bulky VistaVision motion control cameras to film the same elements again while gathering digital data for the computer-generated imagery. According to visual effects supervisor Bruce Nicholson, \"Success in this movie was showing invisibility in detail\". During nine months of preparation, Nicholson studied four previous films on the subject, \"The Invisible Man\" - which receives a tribute in the scene where Nick is shown to have his head wrapped in bandages and is wearing large dark goggles - and its sequel \"The Invisible Man",
"psg_id": "6025205"
},
{
"title": "No Man Is an Island (album)",
"text": "The album features cover versions as well as original compositions by Brown, including \"Created by the Father\", which has been described as one of his most enduring compositions, and \"Make it Easy on Yourself\". No Man Is an Island (album) No Man is an Island is the debut album from reggae singer Dennis Brown. Recorded when Brown was aged between twelve and thirteen, during 1969 and 1970, it includes his debut single, a cover of The Van Dykes' hit \"No Man is an Island\", a song he had originally worked on with producer Derrick Harriott, and eleven other tracks, all",
"psg_id": "13744110"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man",
"text": "from the Merchant Marine. The book took five years to complete with one year off for what Ellison termed an \"ill-conceived short novel.\" \"Invisible Man\" was published as a whole in 1952. Ellison had published a section of the book in 1947, the famous \"Battle Royal\" scene, which had been shown to Cyril Connolly, the editor of \"Horizon\" magazine by Frank Taylor, one of Ellison's early supporters. In his speech accepting the 1953 National Book Award, Ellison said that he considered the novel's chief significance to be its \"experimental attitude.\" Before Invisible Man, many (if not most) novels dealing with",
"psg_id": "2393328"
},
{
"title": "For the Man Who Has Everything",
"text": "For the Man Who Has Everything \"For the Man Who Has Everything\" is a comic book story by writer Alan Moore and artist Dave Gibbons, first published in \"Superman Annual\" #11 (1985). It is notable for being the first appearance of the Black Mercy, an extraterrestrial, magical plant-like organism that exhibits enjoyable hallucinogenic effects on the victims to which it attaches parasitically. The story has been adapted to television twice, first into the same-named episode of the animated TV series \"Justice League Unlimited\" and then more loosely into \"For the Girl Who Has Everything\", the episode of the live action",
"psg_id": "7997224"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Means",
"text": "Invisible Means Invisible Means is a studio album by the United States/English experimental rock quartet French Frith Kaiser Thompson. It was the group's second album and was recorded at Mobius Music in San Francisco on March 19–23, 1990. The album was released in 1990 in the United States by Windham Hill Records on CD. The album was reissued in 2008 by Fledg'ling Records with one extra track recorded live. In a review of the album in \"The Santa Fe New Mexican\", Steve Terrell called French Frith Kaiser Thompson \"the world's most obscure 'supergroup. He says this collaboration is led by",
"psg_id": "10401527"
},
{
"title": "Griffin (The Invisible Man)",
"text": "Griffin (The Invisible Man) Dr. Griffin is the main protagonist, also known as The Invisible Man, who appears as the title character in H. G. Wells' 1897 science fiction novella \"The Invisible Man\". In the original novel, Griffin is a scientist whose research in optics and experiments into changing the human body's refractive index to that of air results in his becoming invisible. The character has become iconic, particularly in horror fiction, and versions and variations have appeared throughout various media. Griffin is a brilliant research scientist who discovers a formula for making a human being invisible. The formula entails",
"psg_id": "5291363"
},
{
"title": "Parable of the Invisible Gardener",
"text": "They electrify it. They patrol with bloodhounds. (For they remember how H. G. Well's \"The Invisible Man\" could be both smelt and touched though he could not be seen.) But no shrieks ever suggest that some intruder has received a shock. No movements of the wire ever betray an invisible climber. The bloodhounds never give cry. Yet still the Believer is not convinced. \"But there is a gardener, invisible, intangible, insensible, to electric shocks, a gardener who has no scent and makes no sound, a gardener who comes secretly to look after the garden which he loves. At last the",
"psg_id": "9802536"
},
{
"title": "Griffin (The Invisible Man)",
"text": "werewolf pups attacking him whenever he holds bacon, and doing really badly at charades. David Spade reprised his role as Griffin the Invisible Man in the 2015 Sony Pictures Animation sequel to \"Hotel Transylvania\", \"Hotel Transylvania 2\". He unsuccessfully tries to make his friends think he has an invisible girlfriend (and finds one in the end). Big Finish Audio Productions released an adaptation of Wells' novel in February 2017, with John Hurt, in one of his final acting roles, as Griffin. Griffin (The Invisible Man) Dr. Griffin is the main protagonist, also known as The Invisible Man, who appears as",
"psg_id": "5291384"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "recipients but their actual knowledge of receiving support is sometimes harmful, it has been theorized that the most effective support exchange would involve one in which the provider reports giving support but the recipient does not notice that support has occurred. From a cost-benefit point of view, invisible support would be optimal for the recipient because the benefits of provision are accrued while the costs of receipt are avoided. Using the same idea, it also implies that the least effective type of support would be one in which the provider does not report providing support but the recipient reports receiving",
"psg_id": "19831318"
},
{
"title": "No Man Is an Island (film)",
"text": "American ship signals back to Tweed, but it alerts the Japanese to his position. Tweed signals that he has vital information. Tweed manages to rendezvous with the ship; his Japanese pursuers are killed. After the battle ends with an American victory, Tweed re-unites with Antonio and his family, hugging Joe on top of the rock where Tweed hid. No Man Is an Island (film) No Man Is an Island is a 1962 war film about the exploits of George Ray Tweed, a United States Navy radioman who avoided capture and execution by the Japanese during their years-long World War II",
"psg_id": "14235893"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man",
"text": "While avoiding government agents, he arranges a fake identity and authorizes funds to make himself a millionaire. He places himself in the care of Alice Barlow, a woman in her late twenties. Harry F. Saint was a 45 year-old Wall Street businessman who had not written anything since a short story to \"Esquire\" when he was still a graduate student at Haverford College two decades before. Eventually Saint decided to write a book that had a chance of doing well financially, and the concept of an invisible man came to him at some point - \"I must have remembered H.",
"psg_id": "14917988"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "rating of 4.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads: \"It boasts an intriguing cast and the special effects were groundbreaking, but they can't compensate for \"Memoirs of an Invisible Man\"s sadly pedestrian script\". Metacritic gives the film a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 19 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Roger Ebert wrote of the film, \"The plot is lazy and conventional. What is good about the movie involves Chase and Hannah, who have to work out between them the logistical problems of their strange relationship.\" Reviewing the movie for \"The Washington Post\", Desson Howe mused,",
"psg_id": "6025209"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "of invisibility, intending the film to be a bridge into less comedic roles. After two years of pre-production, when Reitman discovered that he would not be directing Chase in a broad comedy, he backed out of the film. Goldman left the project saying \"I'm too old and too rich for this shit.\" He later said that Mark Canton, head of the studio, did not pay the writer for all his work causing Goldman to initiate a lawsuit against them. Chase found Goldman's script too comedic, \"Clark Griswold becoming invisible\", and sought screenwriters to rework it, reportedly to do something \"more",
"psg_id": "6025202"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "found that only invisible emotional support predicted greater goal achievement across the following year. When put together, these findings suggest that visible support and invisible support have unique functions for well-being. When people are under distress, visible support appears to be a short-term remedy to reassure recipients that they are cared for and supported. These benefits are only present when recipients are actually distressed during the time that the supportive act takes place. On the other hand, while invisible support tends to go unnoticed by recipients, it seems to play an integral role in the long-term success of goal-maintenance. The",
"psg_id": "19831322"
},
{
"title": "Invisible support",
"text": "idea, a recent study in 2013 compared the short-term and long-term effects of visible and invisible support reception during romantic couples’ discussions of each partner’s personal goal. It was found that either type of support was more beneficial depending on the emotional distress that recipients felt at the time. Visible emotional support (support through reassurance, encouragement, and understanding) was associated with perceptions of greater support and discussion success for recipients who felt greater distress during the discussion. In contrast, invisible emotional support was not associated with recipients’ post-discussion perceptions of support or discussion success. For long-term support effects, it was",
"psg_id": "19831321"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man",
"text": "this, in his introduction to the 30th anniversary of Invisible Man, that the \"character\" (\"in the dual sense of the word\") who had announced himself on his page he \"associated, ever so distantly, with the narrator of Dostoevsky's Notes From Underground\". Although, despite the \"distantly\" remark, it appears that Ellison used that novella more than just on that occasion. The beginning of Invisible Man, for example, seems to be structured very similar to Notes From Underground: \"I am a sick man\" compared to \"I am an invisible man\". Arnold Rampersad, Ellison's biographer, expounds that Melville had a profound influence on",
"psg_id": "2393334"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man",
"text": "to project? Finally, why is it that so many of those who would tell us the meaning of Negro life never bother to learn how varied it really is?\" Ellison's Invisible Man dovetails two movements, the Harlem Renaissance and the Black Arts Movement. John Oliver Killens once denounced Invisible Man by saying: “The Negro people need Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man like we need a hole in the head or a stab in the back. ... It is a vicious distortion of Negro life.\" Ellison's influences include, among others, The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot; Ellison spent some time tracking down",
"psg_id": "2393331"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "of an Invisible Man\" was still unfinished when Hollywood agent William Morris gave it to Chevy Chase to read. The actor instantly got interested, and led to a bidding war among studios. Warner Bros paid $1.35 million for the film rights. William Goldman was assigned to write the screenplay in the mid 1980s, by which time Ivan Reitman was attached to direct. The project was largely a vanity project shepherded by Chase through the studio (the film is billed as \"A Cornelius Production\" – Cornelius is Chevy Chase's real first name). He wanted to make a film about the loneliness",
"psg_id": "6025201"
},
{
"title": "Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man",
"text": "first and middle names. The special effects, which depicted invisibility and other optical illusions, were created by Stanley Horsley, son of cinema pioneer David Horsley. He also did the special effects for \"The Invisible Man Returns\", \"The Invisible Woman\" and \"Invisible Agent\". As a reference to the first \"Invisible Man\" film, a photo of the serum's inventor, Dr. John Griffin which is actually a picture of Claude Rains, who played the role in Universal's first \"Invisible Man\" film in 1933. When asked by a reporter whom he has fought in the past, Lou answers, \"Chuck Lamont, Bud Grant.\" The film's",
"psg_id": "6053928"
},
{
"title": "Atheist feminism",
"text": "Any person who tries to intimidate members of our community with threats or harassment is in no way my ally and is only weakening the atheist movement by silencing its voices and driving away support.\" Atheist feminism Atheist feminism is a branch of feminism that advocates atheism. Atheist feminists also oppose religion as a main source of female oppression and inequality, believing that the majority of the religions are sexist and oppressive to women. The first known feminist who was also an atheist was Ernestine Rose, born in Poland on January 13, 1810. Her open confession of disbelief in Judaism",
"psg_id": "13293523"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Hand (The Spectacular Spider-Man)",
"text": "The Invisible Hand (The Spectacular Spider-Man) \"The Invisible Hand\" is the sixth episode of the animated television series \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\", which is based on the comic book character Spider-Man created by Stan Lee and Steve Ditko. The episode follows Spider-Man as he faces the Rhino, who has an indestructible rhino-like suit and super strength. In his personal life, as his alter ego Peter Parker, Spider-Man tries to ask out \"Daily Bugle\" worker Betty Brant to the upcoming fall formal at his high school. \"The Invisible Hand\" was written by Matt Wayne and directed by Dave Bullock. Wayne had written",
"psg_id": "13925781"
},
{
"title": "No Man Is an Island (film)",
"text": "No Man Is an Island (film) No Man Is an Island is a 1962 war film about the exploits of George Ray Tweed, a United States Navy radioman who avoided capture and execution by the Japanese during their years-long World War II occupation of Guam. It stars Jeffrey Hunter as Tweed. The film was shot entirely in the Philippines and all the supporting actors spoke Tagalog rather than Chamorro, much to the amusement of Chamorros who saw it. The film begins at an outpost with Tweed expecting to leave Guam to go back to mainland America. His replacement, Roy, arrives",
"psg_id": "14235883"
},
{
"title": "No Man Is an Island (album)",
"text": "No Man Is an Island (album) No Man is an Island is the debut album from reggae singer Dennis Brown. Recorded when Brown was aged between twelve and thirteen, during 1969 and 1970, it includes his debut single, a cover of The Van Dykes' hit \"No Man is an Island\", a song he had originally worked on with producer Derrick Harriott, and eleven other tracks, all recorded during his time working for Clement \"Coxsone\" Dodd's Studio One label. The album was first issued circa 1972, by which time Brown had moved on from Studio One to work with other producers.",
"psg_id": "13744109"
},
{
"title": "Griffin (The Invisible Man)",
"text": "later uses the pseudonym Hawley Griffin (a reference to the League of Extraordinary Gentleman and the original Invisible Man), pretending to be a CIA agent from the South. In Jeff Lemire's \"The Nobody\" the Invisible Man is named \"John Griffen\". John Griffen goes through a similar episode as the Invisible Man's \"Griffin\" does. Both men hide out in an Inn in a small town, only to be driven out because of fear and curiosity. In Genndy Tartakovsky's 2012 Sony Pictures Animation film \"Hotel Transylvania\", Griffin the Invisible Man (voiced by David Spade) is one of the supporting character monsters who",
"psg_id": "5291382"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1933 film)",
"text": "The Invisible Man (1933 film) The Invisible Man is an American 1933 Pre-Code science fiction horror film directed by James Whale. It was based on H. G. Wells' science fiction novel \"The Invisible Man\", published in 1897, as adapted by R.C. Sherriff, Philip Wylie and Preston Sturges, whose work was considered unsatisfactory and who was taken off the project. Produced by Universal Pictures, the film stars Claude Rains, in his first American screen appearance, and Gloria Stuart. The film has been described as a \"nearly perfect translation of the spirit of the book\". It spawned a number of sequels, plus",
"psg_id": "4733038"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man",
"text": "so he extended it. Russian writer Yakov I. Perelman pointed out in \"Physics Can Be Fun\" (1913) that from a scientific point of view, a man made invisible by Griffin's method should have been blind, since a human eye works by \"absorbing\" incoming light, not letting it through completely. Wells seems to show some awareness of this problem in Chapter 20, where the eyes of an otherwise invisible cat retain visible retinas. Nonetheless, this would be insufficient, since the retina would be flooded with light (from all directions) that ordinarily is blocked by the opaque sclera of the eyeball. Also,",
"psg_id": "484825"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "a meltdown, and the entire building is evacuated. The building seems to explode, but there is no debris. Instead, much of the building is rendered invisible, including Nick. Shady CIA operative David Jenkins (Sam Neill) arrives on the scene, and discovers Nick's condition. While they are transferring him to an ambulance, the agents joke about how Nick will spend the rest of his life being studied by scientists. In a panic, Nick flees. Jenkins convinces his supervisor Warren Singleton (Stephen Tobolowsky) not to notify CIA headquarters so that they can capture and take credit for Nick, who could become the",
"psg_id": "6025195"
},
{
"title": "Atheist Ireland",
"text": "Atheist Ireland Atheist Ireland is an association of atheists based in Ireland. The group was initially founded by members of Atheist.ie, an online community which had been set up by Seamus Murnane in June 2006. Its current chairperson is writer and activist Michael Nugent. Atheist Ireland is a member of the Atheist Alliance International, The International Humanist and Ethical Union IHEU, The Coalition to Repeal the 8th Repeal the 8th, and the National Women's Council of Ireland NWCI. The group estimates it has about 500 members. Ireland has a long history of religiosity and religious conflict between its mainly Catholic",
"psg_id": "11686471"
},
{
"title": "An Atheist in the FOXhole",
"text": "information on how cable news networks are operated. An Atheist in the FOXhole An Atheist in the FOXhole: A Liberal's Eight-Year Odyssey Inside the Heart of the Right-Wing Media is a 2013 memoir by Joe Muto, a man with liberal political views who worked for Fox News for eight years, that was published by E. P. Dutton. Muto, a graduate of Notre Dame University, started work at Fox as a production assistant and became an associate producer for Bill O'Reilly's show. He was fired due to leaking information to Gawker. Gawker paid him $5,000 for the material. Muto pleaded guilty",
"psg_id": "20294530"
},
{
"title": "An Atheist in the FOXhole",
"text": "An Atheist in the FOXhole An Atheist in the FOXhole: A Liberal's Eight-Year Odyssey Inside the Heart of the Right-Wing Media is a 2013 memoir by Joe Muto, a man with liberal political views who worked for Fox News for eight years, that was published by E. P. Dutton. Muto, a graduate of Notre Dame University, started work at Fox as a production assistant and became an associate producer for Bill O'Reilly's show. He was fired due to leaking information to Gawker. Gawker paid him $5,000 for the material. Muto pleaded guilty to two misdemeanor charges: attempted computer tampering and",
"psg_id": "20294526"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man",
"text": "developing the novel into a television series. Invisible Man Invisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, published by Random House in 1952. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African Americans early in the twentieth century, including black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity. \"Invisible Man\" won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction in 1953. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked \"Invisible Man\" 19th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the",
"psg_id": "2393350"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man",
"text": "Invisible Man Invisible Man is a novel by Ralph Ellison, published by Random House in 1952. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African Americans early in the twentieth century, including black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity. \"Invisible Man\" won the U.S. National Book Award for Fiction in 1953. In 1998, the Modern Library ranked \"Invisible Man\" 19th on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century. \"Time\" magazine included the novel",
"psg_id": "2393326"
},
{
"title": "A Man of Means",
"text": "and occasionally refer back to past events in Bleke's meteoric career. A Man of Means A Man of Means is a collection of six short stories written in collaboration by P. G. Wodehouse and C. H. Bovill. The stories first appeared in the United Kingdom in the \"Strand\" in 1914, and in the United States in \"Pictorial Review\" in 1916. They were later published in book form in the UK by Porpoise Books in 1991; the collection was released on Project Gutenberg in 2003. The stories all star Roland Bleke, a young man for whom financial success is always a",
"psg_id": "7246978"
},
{
"title": "A Man of Means",
"text": "A Man of Means A Man of Means is a collection of six short stories written in collaboration by P. G. Wodehouse and C. H. Bovill. The stories first appeared in the United Kingdom in the \"Strand\" in 1914, and in the United States in \"Pictorial Review\" in 1916. They were later published in book form in the UK by Porpoise Books in 1991; the collection was released on Project Gutenberg in 2003. The stories all star Roland Bleke, a young man for whom financial success is always a mixed blessing. The plots follow on from each other, sometimes directly,",
"psg_id": "7246977"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man Returns",
"text": "year. The Invisible Man Returns The Invisible Man Returns is a 1940 American horror science fiction film from Universal. It was written as a sequel to the 1933 film \"The Invisible Man\", which was based on the novel \"The Invisible Man\" by H. G. Wells. The studio had signed a multi-picture contract with Wells, and they were hoping that this film would do as well as the first. It would be followed by the comedic \"The Invisible Woman\" later the same year. The screen play for the film was written by Lester Cole and Curt Siodmak (as Kurt Siodmak). The",
"psg_id": "6028366"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man Returns",
"text": "The Invisible Man Returns The Invisible Man Returns is a 1940 American horror science fiction film from Universal. It was written as a sequel to the 1933 film \"The Invisible Man\", which was based on the novel \"The Invisible Man\" by H. G. Wells. The studio had signed a multi-picture contract with Wells, and they were hoping that this film would do as well as the first. It would be followed by the comedic \"The Invisible Woman\" later the same year. The screen play for the film was written by Lester Cole and Curt Siodmak (as Kurt Siodmak). The film",
"psg_id": "6028361"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man",
"text": "presence. They lose his trust by attempting to capture him. He overhears that they plan to give him to scientists and enlist him for military espionage, disregarding his personal liberty for national security. He loots miscellaneous invisible items, shoots an agent, and sets fire to the building in the process of escaping. He returns to his apartment and discovers that food remains visible after he eats it, becoming invisible only after being fully digested. He may remain invisible for the rest of his life, and must surmount obstacles that would not affect a visible person, including driving, working, sheltering, etc.",
"psg_id": "14917987"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man (film)",
"text": "Jenkins says that Nick was an invisible man even before the accident. Nick infiltrates the CIA headquarters to find any information that can be used against them. Jenkins discovers Nick and tries to recruit him, but Nick is disgusted by the idea of him killing people. They have a confrontation, but Nick gets away. Nick goes to San Francisco and stays in George's remote beach house. George arrives with his wife Ellen (Patricia Heaton), Alice, and another friend, to spend the weekend. Nick phones Alice and tells her to meet him nearby. He reveals his condition to Alice, and she",
"psg_id": "6025197"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man (song)",
"text": "out of a car and then walks to an empty warehouse and they start singing. The more popular version version was shot in color featuring the 98 Degrees members in a party with people dancing, some scenes show the members sitting on a couch while singing and some alternate shots featuring each member on what appears to be an apartment footbridge. The video was released on June 16, 2009. As of 11 October 2018, the video has received over 5 million views. Invisible Man (song) \"Invisible Man\" is the debut single by American boy band 98 Degrees, released on June",
"psg_id": "10945904"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1984 film)",
"text": "use them himself in search of absolute power. The Invisible Man (1984 film) The Invisible Man () is a 1984 Soviet science fiction film directed by Aleksandr Zakharov based on the eponymous novel by H. G. Wells. Dr. Griffin, with no other motive than curiosity, undertakes research on the concept of invisibility. Having become invisible, he finds himself in an unfortunate combination of circumstances consisting of being suspected of murder and hunted down, forced to abandon the notebooks containing the notes of his experiences that would enable him to carry out the opposite process. His former classmate Dr. Kemp promises",
"psg_id": "20661666"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1984 film)",
"text": "The Invisible Man (1984 film) The Invisible Man () is a 1984 Soviet science fiction film directed by Aleksandr Zakharov based on the eponymous novel by H. G. Wells. Dr. Griffin, with no other motive than curiosity, undertakes research on the concept of invisibility. Having become invisible, he finds himself in an unfortunate combination of circumstances consisting of being suspected of murder and hunted down, forced to abandon the notebooks containing the notes of his experiences that would enable him to carry out the opposite process. His former classmate Dr. Kemp promises to find them, but in fact intends to",
"psg_id": "20661665"
},
{
"title": "Why I Am an Atheist",
"text": "became an atheist. He also questioned theists about the existence of God. Why I Am an Atheist Why I am an Atheist is an essay written by Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail. The essay was a reply to his religious friends who thought Bhagat Singh became an atheist because of his vanity. Bhagat Singh was a member of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, a revolutionary party in the Indian freedom struggle. He was an atheist who believed in communism, and he wrote several articles on anarchism and communism for \"Kirti\". He was arrested on 8 April",
"psg_id": "17866524"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Means",
"text": "Kaiser, with his \"whacky, ecclectic [sic] approach to rock\", and Thompson, \"break[ing] out of his own mold\" and \"experimenting with ... sheer craziness\". Terrell liked the playfulness of Kaiser's \"The Nearsighted Heron\" and \"Days of Our Lives\", and Thompson's \"mock opera\", \"March of the Cosmetic Surgeons\". He also liked French's \"Now That I Am Dead\", although he was critical of some of French's other songs (\"Invisible Means\", \"The Evening News\" and \"Suzanne\"), which Terrell felt were the \"low points of the album\". But overall, Terrell called the album \"a winner\", adding that he hoped there was more to come from",
"psg_id": "10401528"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man",
"text": "influence on \"The Invisible Man\" was Plato's \"Republic\", a book which had a significant effect on Wells when he read it as an adolescent. In the second book of the \"Republic\", Glaucon recounts the legend of the Ring of Gyges, which posits that, if a man were made invisible and could act with impunity, he would \"go about among men with the powers of a god.\" Wells wrote the original version of the tale between March and June 1896. This version was a 25,000 word short story titled \"The Man at the Coach and Horses\" which Wells was dissatisfied with,",
"psg_id": "484824"
},
{
"title": "Where no man has gone before",
"text": "his series \"The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy\", the long-lost heroic age of the Galactic Empire, when bold adventurers dared \"to boldly split infinitives that no man had split before\". In \"The Physics of Star Trek\", Lawrence M. Krauss begins a list of \"Star Trek's\" ten worst errors by quoting one of his colleagues who considers that their greatest mistake is \"to split an infinitive every damn time\". Where no man has gone before \"Where no man has gone before\" is a phrase made popular through its use in the title sequence of the science fiction television series, describing the",
"psg_id": "2358319"
},
{
"title": "Griffin (The Invisible Man)",
"text": "him all along as his vision operates in the infrared spectrum, a fact that he had hidden from Griffin. In the film version, the Invisible Man who joins the League is not Griffin (due to copyright issues), but Rodney Skinner (played by Tony Curran), a cheerful thief who stole the invisibility formula from the original Invisible Man (presumably Griffin). The fact that his skin is invisible is also related to his name of \"Skinner\". Skin samples of him are taken by Dorian Gray for Professor Moriarty, allowing him to duplicate the invisibility process, Contrary to the graphic novels, Skinner himself",
"psg_id": "5291379"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man",
"text": "himself as bait to trap the Invisible Man, but a note that he sends is stolen from his servant by Griffin. Griffin uses Kemp's gun to shoot and injure a local policeman who comes to Kemp's aid, then breaks into Kemp's house. Kemp bolts for the town, where the local citizenry come to his aid. Griffin is seized, assaulted, and killed by a mob. The Invisible Man's naked, battered body gradually becomes visible as he dies. A local policeman shouts to have someone cover Griffin's face with a sheet. In the epilogue, it is revealed that Marvel has secretly kept",
"psg_id": "484822"
},
{
"title": "Why I Am an Atheist",
"text": "Why I Am an Atheist Why I am an Atheist is an essay written by Indian revolutionary Bhagat Singh in 1930 in Lahore Central Jail. The essay was a reply to his religious friends who thought Bhagat Singh became an atheist because of his vanity. Bhagat Singh was a member of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, a revolutionary party in the Indian freedom struggle. He was an atheist who believed in communism, and he wrote several articles on anarchism and communism for \"Kirti\". He was arrested on 8 April 1929 in connection with the Central Legislative Assembly bombing case and was",
"psg_id": "17866520"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man: Rape!",
"text": "Invisible Man: Rape! Ippei, a college student, finds a formula that can render him invisible. He uses it to spy on women's bathhouses, and have sex with female students. A professor becomes aware of his activities and punishes him. In their \"Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films\", the Weissers give \"Invisible Man: Rape!\" a rating of two points out of four. Judging Isai Hayashi to be an \"apathetic\" and \"by-the-numbers\" director, they note that this film is one of his best. Besides the interesting theme, they write that the film is helped by a good-looking and competent cast. Allmovie writes",
"psg_id": "13790459"
},
{
"title": "Atheist Bus Campaign",
"text": "Atheist Bus Campaign The Atheist Bus Campaign was an advertising campaign in 2008 and 2009 that aimed to place \"peaceful and upbeat\" messages about atheism on transport media in Britain, in response to evangelical Christian advertising. It was created by comedy writer Ariane Sherine and launched on 21 October 2008, with official support from the British Humanist Association and Richard Dawkins. The campaign's original goal was to raise £5,500 to run 30 buses across London for four weeks early in 2009 with the slogan: \"There's probably no god. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life.\" Richard Dawkins, author of \"The",
"psg_id": "12614267"
},
{
"title": "To See the Invisible Man",
"text": "To See the Invisible Man \"To See the Invisible Man\" is the second segment of the sixteenth episode from the first season (1985–86) of the television series \"The Twilight Zone\". Mitchell Chaplin lives in a world parallel to our and has been found guilty of \"coldness\"—of not being friendly or open enough with those around him. According to the State, he is to be rendered \"invisible\" and a social outcast for one year. An implant placed on his forehead warns others to ignore him or be faced with a similar fate. Chaplin laughs at the verdict and his \"punishment\". What",
"psg_id": "3502415"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Folded Himself",
"text": "fashion as to create said loops - while other versions of him continue creating loops for themselves which support their own continuity. The Man Who Folded Himself The Man Who Folded Himself is a 1973 science fiction novel by American writer David Gerrold, dealing with time travel. It was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1974 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1974. The book explores the psychological, physical, and personal challenges that manifest when time travel is possible for a single individual at the touch of a button. References to both the American Airlines",
"psg_id": "2835792"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man: Rape!",
"text": "on December 23, 1978. It was released on home video in Japan in VHS format on June 7, 1996. Invisible Man: Rape! Ippei, a college student, finds a formula that can render him invisible. He uses it to spy on women's bathhouses, and have sex with female students. A professor becomes aware of his activities and punishes him. In their \"Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films\", the Weissers give \"Invisible Man: Rape!\" a rating of two points out of four. Judging Isai Hayashi to be an \"apathetic\" and \"by-the-numbers\" director, they note that this film is one of his best.",
"psg_id": "13790462"
},
{
"title": "Atheist billboard",
"text": "and one in Colorado Springs, with the payment for the campaign going to upwards of $5,000 for four weeks starting on November 17. By this time, local atheist groups were encouraged to spearhead the billboards by the Atheist Bus Campaign, which had been started in the United Kingdom and soon spread to other countries in which public transit constitutes a main means of both transportation and advertisement (for both businesses and religious movements). Atheist billboard An atheist billboard is an outdoor billboard that promotes divestment or outreach to atheists, nontheists, or nonreligious individuals. Similar to the Atheist Bus Campaign first",
"psg_id": "14915147"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (2005 TV series)",
"text": "The Invisible Man (2005 TV series) The Invisible Man is an animated series from MoonScoop Group, in co-production with bRb, Screen 21, RAI Fiction, SMEC and with the participation of M6, Disney Television France\", Antena 3 and Eurocartoons. Each of the 26 episodes lasts 26–30 minutes. It is currently being aired in the Italy On Rai 2. The story revolves around Alan Crystal, a genius but reckless teenager who is turned permanently invisible when an experiment goes awry. As with all good super-hero stories this one explores the issues related to leading a double life and keeping friends and secrets",
"psg_id": "13941185"
},
{
"title": "Should've Said No",
"text": "printed. She then called her producer, and completed the song overnight. Roger Holland of PopMatters said that \"Should've Said No\" is \"a truly splendid pop-rock song wrapped up in an almost entirely spurious country arrangement.\" Chris Neal of \"Country Weekly\" believed \"Should've Said No\" and her previous single \"Picture to Burn\", were the most immediately striking songs on \"Taylor Swift\". Alison Bonaguro of the \"Chicago Tribune\" named the song along with \"Teardrops on My Guitar\" and \"Invisible\" as \"revenge songs,\" and commented that Swift's themes stayed the same throughout the concert. Country music blog Engine 145 gave the song a",
"psg_id": "11979687"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Empire // Crescent Moon",
"text": "enthusiastic with \"Invisible Empire // Crescent Moon\". For instance, \"Entertainmentwise\" criticised the \"lack of fiery performances\" that was \"Tiger Suit\"'s best asset, but Sam Hailes, the review's writer, added, \"At the end of the day \"Invisible Empire // Crescent Moon\" should be judged on its own terms. It's a deep, reflective and thoughtful album which stirs a plethora of emotions. Best served by itself with no distractions, this is an unhurried release that speaks to the heart.\" The worst rating is from the website \"musicomh\", which gave 2.5/5 stars, and said, \"Tunstall's songwriting remains as pedestrian as ever, with most",
"psg_id": "17172731"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1933 film)",
"text": "title \"The Invisible Man Returns\" was later released in 1940 starring different actors and following different characters. The film stars Vincent Price as a new Invisible Man, while John Sutton plays the brother of Claude Rains's character from \"The Invisible Man\". \"The Invisible Man\" was released on VHS as part of the Universal Studios' Classic Monster Collection in 1992. In 2004 Universal released six legacy collections that included some of their best horror films. \"The Invisible Man\" was uncut and longer than previously televised versions. The complete \"Invisible Man\" collection comprised \"The Invisible Man\" (1933), \"The Invisible Man Returns\" (1940),",
"psg_id": "4733056"
},
{
"title": "Should've Said No",
"text": "song is included in the concert film \"\", and in the soundtrack to the movie. An alternate version of the song was released on her extended play \"Beautiful Eyes\". As of November 2017, the song has sold 1.5 million copies in the United States. \"Should've Said No\" is an up-tempo song, in which Swift addresses a former lover who has cheated on her, telling him that he \"should've said no\" to the woman who has taken her place in his life (\"You should've said no/You should've gone home/You should've thought twice before you let it all go/You should've known that",
"psg_id": "11979684"
},
{
"title": "Hussein Who Said No",
"text": "is Persian. The movie is going to be dubbed into English, France and Arabic. Hussein Who Said No Hussein Who Said No ( translit \"Rastakhiz\" \"resurrection\") is a historical religious Iranian film directed by Ahmad Reza Darvish. The story narrates Battle of Karbala on Day of Ashura and tells the uprising of Hussein ibn Ali in 680 CE against Yazid ibn Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan. The movie was financed by Iranian and foreign film companies. The film’s post-production stage was completed at a British studio, and some scenes of the project were created using 3D computer-generated imagery (CGI) technique. British-Indian",
"psg_id": "17855069"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of an Invisible Man",
"text": "process. While there, Nick sees a group of Marxist student protesters who demonstrate nuclear catastrophe by attempting to explode a cat. To get everyone away from the MicroMagnetics presentation, they cut off power to the laboratory where nuclear equipment is operating. The control computers lose function and in a flash of eerie light, everything in a fifty-foot radius becomes invisible, including Nick. Nick later wakes up in astonishment, believing at first that his limbs were blown off, and later that he is a ghost; he finally realizes the truth. Federal intelligence agents control the site and they soon discover Nick's",
"psg_id": "14917986"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man: Rape!",
"text": "that \"Invisible Man: Rape!\" more closely resembles later U.S. teen wish-fulfillment fantasies like \"Zapped!\" (1982) and \"Invisible Maniac\" (1990) than contemporary rape-themed Roman porno films. Director Isao Hayashi worked with Nikkatsu from the beginning of the \"Roman porno\" era, directing \"Castle Orgies\", one of the first two releases of the series. The Weissers note that it may be Hayashi's work with historical period dramas that gives his directorial style a pedantic feel. Along with \"Lady Kamakura: Cherry Boy Club\" (1975) \"Invisible Man: Rape!\" was one of Hayashi's most successful films. The lead actress in \"Invisible Man: Rape!\", Izumi Shima, had",
"psg_id": "13790460"
},
{
"title": "Every Man Has a Woman Who Loves Him",
"text": "Every Man Has a Woman Who Loves Him \"Every Man Has a Woman Who Loves Him\" is a song by Yoko Ono from her \"Double Fantasy\" album with John Lennon. The version released as a single, and on the compilation album \"Every Man Has a Woman\", is credited to Lennon, and has stripped away Ono's lead vocal, while bringing Lennon's backing vocal up in the mix (this version was also released as a bonus track on the CD reissue of \"Milk and Honey\"). The B-side featured \"It's Alright\" by Ono and Sean Lennon. The last Lennon song to be released",
"psg_id": "8122859"
},
{
"title": "Where no man has gone before",
"text": "Where no man has gone before \"Where no man has gone before\" is a phrase made popular through its use in the title sequence of the science fiction television series, describing the mission of the \"starship Enterprise\". The complete introductory speech, spoken by William Shatner at the beginning of each episode, is: This speech began every episode of the series except the two pilot episodes: \"\" (which preceded Shatner's involvement) and \"Where No Man Has Gone Before\". The speech was also used to introduce episodes of \"\", but with the phrase \"Its five-year mission\" changed to \"Its continuing mission\" and",
"psg_id": "2358308"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (Queen song)",
"text": "names are mentioned in the lyrics. The first being Freddie Mercury, followed by John Deacon. Brian May's name is then said twice (just before his guitar solo starts), and while saying \"Roger Taylor\", the first \"r\" is rolled to emulate the drums at the end of the verse. Freddie Mercury's name is said by drummer Roger Taylor, and the other ones by the lead singer Freddie Mercury. In the music video, a video game called \"The Invisible Man\" plays a large part, as a young boy is playing a game while the band (all dressed in black), who are the",
"psg_id": "7976039"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1958 TV series)",
"text": "which animated moving objects could be seen in a number of scenes. Although this \"Invisible Man\" was never transmitted, plot elements and footage from it were reused in the episodes \"Secret Experiment\", \"Picnic with Death\" and \"Bank Raid\". \"The Invisible Man\" pilot is included in its entirety on the Network DVD release of the series. Note: Series originally started filming in 1957. A second pilot episode titled \"Secret Experiment\" was made, and was used as the opening instalment of the series. This featured Dr. Peter Brady (who is only ever seen obliquely), who is unwittingly subjected to radiation and turns",
"psg_id": "6648156"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man",
"text": "Griffin's notes; but since they are written in code, he is completely incapable of understanding them. Children's literature was a prominent genre in the 1890s. According to John Sutherland, Wells and his contemporaries such as Arthur Conan Doyle, Robert Louis Stevenson and Rudyard Kipling \"essentially wrote boy's books for grown-ups.\" Sutherland identifies \"The Invisible Man\" as one such book. Wells said that his inspiration for the novella was \"The Perils of Invisibility,\" one of the \"Bab Ballads\" by W. S. Gilbert, which includes the couplet \"Old Peter vanished like a shot/but then - his suit of clothes did not.\" Another",
"psg_id": "484823"
},
{
"title": "Hussein Who Said No",
"text": "Hussein Who Said No Hussein Who Said No ( translit \"Rastakhiz\" \"resurrection\") is a historical religious Iranian film directed by Ahmad Reza Darvish. The story narrates Battle of Karbala on Day of Ashura and tells the uprising of Hussein ibn Ali in 680 CE against Yazid ibn Muawiyah ibn Abu Sufyan. The movie was financed by Iranian and foreign film companies. The film’s post-production stage was completed at a British studio, and some scenes of the project were created using 3D computer-generated imagery (CGI) technique. British-Indian editor Tariq Anwar was in charge of editing the film. The movie's main language",
"psg_id": "17855068"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man (song)",
"text": "Invisible Man (song) \"Invisible Man\" is the debut single by American boy band 98 Degrees, released on June 24, 1997 as the first single from their debut album \"98 Degrees\" (1997). It was their breakthrough hit, peaking at number 12 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song is featured as a bonus track on the European version of \"98 Degrees and Rising\". An acoustic version of the song is the closing track on their 2013 studio album \"2.0\". Two music videos were made for the song. The first version was shot in black and white with the members getting",
"psg_id": "10945903"
},
{
"title": "Invisible Man",
"text": "very strongest sort of creative intelligence.\" George Mayberry of \"The New Republic\" said Ellison \"is a master at catching the shape, flavor and sound of the common vagaries of human character and experience.\" Literary critic Harold Bloom ranked \"Invisible Man\", alongside Zora Neale Hurston's \"Their Eyes Were Watching God\", as one of the best African American twentieth century novels. Anthony Burgess described the novel as \"a masterpiece\". It is the most frequently cited book on AP Literature Exams. Some themes the novel addresses are race, racism, invisibility and whiteness. It was reported in October 2017 that streaming service Hulu was",
"psg_id": "2393349"
},
{
"title": "Where no man has gone before",
"text": "the final phrase changed to the gender-neutral \"where no one has gone before\". The complete introductory speech, spoken by Patrick Stewart at the beginning of each episode, is: Dwayne A. Day, a blogger, says that the quotation was taken from a White House booklet published in 1958. The \"Introduction to Outer Space\", produced in an effort to garner support for a national space program in the wake of the Sputnik flight, read on page 1 (emphasis added): The first of these factors is the compelling urge of man to explore and to discover, the thrust of curiosity that leads\" men",
"psg_id": "2358309"
},
{
"title": "Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man",
"text": "out yet again. Morgan plans Bud's murder, which is thwarted by Tommy, who is wounded in the battle and begins to bleed badly. The protagonists rush to the hospital where a blood transfusion is arranged between Lou and Tommy. During the transfusion Tommy becomes visible again – some of Tommy's blood has apparently entered Lou, who briefly turns invisible, only to reappear with his legs inexplicably on backwards. Cast notes \"Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man\" was filmed between October 3 and November 6, 1950. The character names of \"Bud Alexander\" and \"Lou Francis\" are Abbott and Costello's real",
"psg_id": "6053927"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (2000 TV series)",
"text": "UK. The Region 1 release also features the episodes in widescreen 16/9, unlike the Region 2 one which had the episodes in full screen 4/3. The second season is not available on DVD. The Invisible Man (2000 TV series) The Invisible Man (also shortened to \"The I-Man\" in Season 2) is a Sci-Fi American television series starring Vincent Ventresca, Paul Ben-Victor, Eddie Jones, Shannon Kenny and Michael McCafferty. It aired for two seasons, from June 9, 2000 to February 1, 2002. The plot revolves around Darien Fawkes (Ventresca), a thief facing life imprisonment who is recruited by a spy agency",
"psg_id": "8910737"
},
{
"title": "Griffin (The Invisible Man)",
"text": "Sea. The Invisible Man appears in \"Mad Mad Mad Monsters\" (a \"prequel of sorts\" to \"Mad Monster Party?\") voiced again by Allen Swift. He, his invisible wife Nagatha, and their invisible boy Ghoul and his invisible dog Goblin are invited by Baron Henry von Frankenstein to attend the wedding of Frankenstein's Monster and the Monster's Bride at the Transylvania-Astoria Hotel on the midnight of Friday the 13th. In Alan Moore and Kevin O'Neill's comic book series, \"The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen\", Hawley Griffin is depicted as a member of the Victorian-era team of agents for which the series is named.",
"psg_id": "5291376"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1958 TV series)",
"text": "The Invisible Man (1958 TV series) The Invisible Man (later known as H.G. Wells' Invisible Man) is a British black-and-white science fiction/adventure/espionage television series that aired on ITV from September 1958 to July 1959. It was aired on CBS in the United States, running two seasons and totalling 26 half-hour episodes. The series was nominally based on the novel by H. G. Wells, one of four such television series. In this version, the deviation from the novel went as far as changing the main character's name from Dr. Griffin to Dr. Peter Brady who remained a sane man, not a",
"psg_id": "6648153"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (2000 TV series)",
"text": "and April 2003. \"The Invisible Man\" – Season One was released as a complete Region 1 DVD set on March 25, 2008. The Region 1 DVD set also includes the first episode from Season 2. The Region 1 release, however, contains the alternate version of \"Money for Nothing, Part II,\" (where Hobbes attempts to take Darien into custody) instead of the episode that the fans had chosen (where Hobbes joins forces with Darien). No explanation has been issued for this, and may simply be included on the second Invisible Man DVD release, as it was in the release for the",
"psg_id": "8910736"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Loved Children",
"text": "worse yet, can never stop laughing at that violence!. . .The book intrudes on our better-regulated world like a bad dream from the grandparental past. Its idea of a happy ending is like no other novel’s, and probably not at all like yours.\" In a 2013 interview, novelist Robert Stone said: The Man Who Loved Children The Man Who Loved Children is a 1940 novel by Australian writer Christina Stead. It was not until a reissue edition in 1965, with an introduction by poet Randall Jarrell, that it found widespread critical acclaim and popularity. \"Time\" magazine included the novel in",
"psg_id": "6580268"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1933 film)",
"text": "many spinoffs using the idea of an \"invisible man\" that were largely unrelated to Wells' original story. Rains portrayed the Invisible Man (Dr. Jack Griffin) mostly only as a disembodied voice. Rains is only shown clearly for a brief time at the end of the film, spending most of his on-screen time covered by bandages. In 2008, \"The Invisible Man\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" On a snowy night, a mysterious stranger, his face swathed in bandages and his eyes obscured by",
"psg_id": "4733039"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Band",
"text": "The album was another strong seller from the band following their previous album, \"The Man Who\", eventually becoming with 97th best-selling album of the 2000s decade in the United Kingdom. \"The Invisible Band\" received positive reviews from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 71 based on 17 reviews, which indicates \"generally favorable reviews\". \"Q\" magazine said of the album, \"While the wheel remains un-reinvented, \"The Invisible Band\" finds its mark with unerring accuracy\". While Launch also said of the album, \"Songs like",
"psg_id": "3693203"
},
{
"title": "For the Man Who Has Everything",
"text": "being rejected because DC had already developed projects with other writers for the characters with which he intended to work. When the editor Dick Giordano finally approved the project that would become \"Watchmen\", Moore and Gibbons began working on planning the stories. Shortly after, the editor Julius Schwartz asked Gibbons if he could draw a Superman story. Gibbons said he was available. When Schwartz told Gibbons he could also choose who wrote the story, he immediately requested Moore. \"For the Man Who Has Everything\" began to take shape. Batman, Robin and Wonder Woman visit the Fortress of Solitude with gifts",
"psg_id": "7997227"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Hand (The Spectacular Spider-Man)",
"text": "reporter named Frederic Foswell - and found it humorous to have Foswell be the reporter to tell Peter who the \"Big Man\" is rumored to be. Ultimate Disney reviewer Luke Bonanno did not include the episode among his top five episodes of \"The Spectacular Spider-Man's\" first season, but \"feel[s] obligated to point out that the uniform excellence of the lot [makes] this a challenging task.\" The Invisible Hand (The Spectacular Spider-Man) \"The Invisible Hand\" is the sixth episode of the animated television series \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\", which is based on the comic book character Spider-Man created by Stan Lee and",
"psg_id": "13925793"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1933 film)",
"text": "has the support of her father and his associate. In the novel, Griffin is already insane before he makes himself invisible and he is entirely motivated by a lust for power. In the film, Griffin is driven mad by the drug that makes him invisible. Dr. Kemp survives in the novel; his life is saved by those who ultimately kill Griffin. In the film, Dr. Kemp is terrified throughout, and pays with his life for betraying Griffin. The film is known for its clever and groundbreaking visual effects by John P. Fulton, John J. Mescall and Frank D. Williams, whose",
"psg_id": "4733049"
},
{
"title": "The Invisible Man (1933 film)",
"text": "with \"The Mummy\" (2017), was to be followed by \"Bride of Frankenstein\" in 2019. Franchise producer Alex Kurtzman stated that fans should expect at least one film per year in the shared film universe. But on November 8, 2017, Kurtzman and Chris Morgan moved on to other projects, leaving the future of the \"Dark Universe\" in doubt. The Invisible Man (1933 film) The Invisible Man is an American 1933 Pre-Code science fiction horror film directed by James Whale. It was based on H. G. Wells' science fiction novel \"The Invisible Man\", published in 1897, as adapted by R.C. Sherriff, Philip",
"psg_id": "4733058"
}
] | [
"john scantlebury blenkiron",
"buchan, john, sir",
"buchanesque",
"john blenkiron",
"john buchan, baron tweedsmuir",
"john buchan",
"john, sir buchan",
"sir john buchan",
"buchan, john",
"lord tweedsmuir",
"john buchan, 1st baron tweedsmuir",
"baron tweedsmuir of elsfield",
"john s. blenkiron"
] |
which country does the airline ansett come from? | [
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "logistics division. The Ansett Transport Museum is housed in the company's first aircraft hangar at Hamilton Airport. Ansett Australia Ansett Australia was a major Australian airline group, based in Melbourne. The airline flew domestically within Australia and from the 1990s to destinations in Asia. After operating for 66 years, the airline was placed into administration in 2001 following a financial collapse, and subsequent organised liquidation in 2002, subject to deed of company arrangement. The company was founded by Reginald \"Reg\" Ansett in 1935 as Ansett Airways Pty Ltd. This was an offshoot of his road transport business which had become",
"psg_id": "1954563"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "create a new national airline: Ansett-ANA. Ansett was now in the big time, but he still had to make Ansett-ANA competitive with the government airline, TAA, which was much better managed and had a superior aircraft fleet. Ansett acquired ANA's fleet of Douglas DC-6s and acquired six Vickers Viscounts in order to better compete with TAA. After the acquisition, Reg Ansett suddenly became a firm supporter of the two-airline policy. It became more restrictive after the passage of the \"Airlines Equipment Act\" in 1958 prescribing what aircraft each airline could buy and much else besides. Reg Ansett had advocated the",
"psg_id": "4894907"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "the original Melbourne-Hamilton service. Around this time, Ansett Airways continued to receive a subsidy payment of around £16 000 ($32 000) per annum from the Commonwealth government. World War II was a time of boundless opportunities for Ansett. In 1942, he abandoned all his airline routes except Melbourne-Hamilton and concentrated on performing engineering work and charter flights for the United States Army Air Corps. The Essendon hangar was expanded and by war's end the tiny Ansett organisation was employing around 2,000 people. The Ansett organisation finished the war flush with cash but facing trouble trying to regain its airline routes",
"psg_id": "4894900"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "operations was the flying boat service from Rose Bay in Sydney to Lord Howe Island. This was operated by Ansett Flying Boat Services using Short Sandringham four-engined aircraft. The service ceased in 1974 when the Lord Howe Island Airport was completed. Ansett lost control of the company to Peter Abeles' TNT and Rupert Murdoch's News Corporation in 1979, with Abeles taking operational control of the airline. The airline prospered in the 1980s, however a number of substantial investments performed badly, including a share in the US airline America West Airlines (which filed for bankruptcy, but survived) and its Hamilton Island",
"psg_id": "1954510"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "government to legislate to put private road transport operators out of business. Reg Ansett countered by establishing an airline as aviation was under control of the federal government and beyond the reach of the state government. Ansett's first route between Hamilton and Melbourne operated by a Fokker Universal monoplane commenced on 17 February 1936. The rapid success of the airline led Ansett to float the business in 1937. As the route network expanded, Ansett Airways imported Lockheed Electra aircraft. During World War II Reg Ansett opted to suspend all scheduled services, except the Hamilton service, in favour of more lucrative",
"psg_id": "1954503"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "companies that owned the airline had been trying to get out for several years. The ANA board tried to get the Commonwealth to buy the airline and merge it with TAA, however, their asking price was considered ludicrous. He saw his opportunity. He made an offer of £3.3 million ($6.6 million) which the ANA board promptly rejected. Questions were asked about where Ansett would obtain the funds. There were stories about backing from two major oil companies. Later that year, on 23 August, ANA accepted the original offer. The ailing ANA operation was taken over by Ansett Transport Industries to",
"psg_id": "4894906"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "Ansett Airways remained a big player as ANA and TAA battled for supremacy in the 1940s and 1950s. Ansett operated around the big two, maintaining budget fare interstate operations with DC-3s and later Convair CV-340s. The airline was backed up by extensive road transport operations, including Ansett Freight Express and Ansett Pioneer Coaches, as well as the Ansair coach building operation. The Menzies government, while supporting TAA, because of the excellent dividends it paid to the government, wanted to avoid TAA having a monopoly on domestic services if ANA collapsed, as seemed likely. The only alternative, as it transpired, was",
"psg_id": "1954505"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "Two Airlines Policy. The policy effectively blocked any other domestic interstate operators by way of a ban on importation of aircraft without a government licence. From 1957 until the 1980s, under the strict rules set down by the Two Airlines Policy, Ansett and TAA operated as virtual carbon copies of each other, operating the same aircraft at the same times, to the same destinations, at fares, which were identical (under strict Federal Government policy). If either airline wished to change their fares, they had to obtain Federal Government approval. Reg Ansett then set out to ensure no other competitors could",
"psg_id": "1954507"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "distant gates, with the disused concourses being sealed off. In November 2001, Ansett creditors voted to allow the Tesna consortium, led by Melbourne businessmen Solomon Lew and Lindsay Fox, to purchase Ansett's mainline assets. The plan involved creating a whole \"new\" Ansett out of the ashes of the old, but the trademark font and \"Star Mark\" logo re-instated. It would be a full-service, two-class single-fleet-type domestic airline. It included very reduced staff numbers and an all new Airbus A320 fleet. The new Ansett would operate out of the old Ansett terminals, and temporarily lease the former Ansett's A320 fleet until",
"psg_id": "1954522"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "47J Ranger, Bell 206, Bristol Sycamore, Sikorsky S-61 and Sikorsky S-62. Ansett Worldwide Aviation Services owned the Airbus A300, Airbus A310 and Boeing 757 for leasing. One of the most unusual aircraft that was operated by Ansett was the Aviation Traders ATL-98 Carvair from the 1960s. Three of the airline's own DC-4s were delivered to the United Kingdom for conversion by Aviation Traders Limited, the company run by Sir Freddie Laker as Managing Director. Historically, whichever aircraft carried the registration VH-RMA (the initials of Reginald Miles Ansett) was the unofficial flagship of the airline. The code was carried by a",
"psg_id": "1954537"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "Qantas Club while the Cairns terminal underwent redevelopment, before being demolished in the terminal redevelopment. The Perth Golden Wing was used firstly by charter airline Alliance and became Virgin's sixth lounge, before being vacated in late 2015 when Virgin relocated to the new Domestic T1 terminal. The Canberra Lounge was used by Virgin Blue and eventually closed and demolished to make way for the new Canberra Terminal redevelopment. The Adelaide and Gold Coast lounges have both, in the process of terminal redevelopments, been demolished. The Ansett Executive Lounge, also known as \"Ansett Pass\" and \"Ansett Managers Lounge\" was an exclusive",
"psg_id": "1954549"
},
{
"title": "Ansett New Zealand",
"text": "New Zealand investors. Shortly afterwards, the company became a franchise of Qantas, operating under the Qantas New Zealand brand. The following year, however, the airline went into liquidation. (Qantas's later involvement in the New Zealand domestic market was unrelated and not through a franchise agreement). Prior to the suspension of domestic passenger services, the airline (as at January 2001) operated services to the following scheduled destinations: Ansett New Zealands first accident involved a BAe 146-200 that ran off the end of the runway at Queenstown Airport on 28 April 1990. However the aircraft only suffered minor damage. Ansett New Zealand",
"psg_id": "6939967"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "be joint managing directors with Reg Ansett as chairman. Murdoch would take over ATV-0 and merge with Ten-10 in Sydney to effectively give him control of what is now the Ten Network. Abeles would merge the freight operations with TNT and run the airline. In 1980, Ansett sold TVQ-0 to a joint venture between petrol company Ampol and Sydney radio station 2SM. He married twice. From his first marriage, to Grace, he had two sons, John and Robert (Bob). After their divorce, Grace took the boys to live in the USA. He married Joan Adams in 1944 and they adopted",
"psg_id": "4894913"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "decided to continue his airline business while building up the Ansett Motors side. As he gradually obtained new routes out of Melbourne, he made the decision to position Ansett Airways as a low cost competitor offering no-frills flights between the major capitals. He cut the standard fare being offered by ANA and TAA by 20 per cent. Douglas DC-3 aircraft normally seated 21 passengers, three abreast. He installed narrower seats to create a four abreast 28 passenger layout. There was little in the way of catering or other amenities. The strategy was a success, although TAA quickly adopted the lower",
"psg_id": "4894903"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "like the scaled-back flying operation, provided no refreshments or other amenities apart from coffee and water. Ansett was essentially in \"lock down\" mode, while the administrators tried to source buyers in a very challenging market. Ansett Mark II traded only as \"Ansett\" in a different font to separate it from the former operation. It traded from Ansett terminals, with Ansett ground staff, crew and baggage handlers working around the clock to make it a success with limited resources. Designated gates at each of Ansett's terminals were used for the operation, while aircraft not being utilised were moved away to more",
"psg_id": "1954521"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "Ansett. Additionally, Ansett's fleet had been allowed to deteriorate, a situation which came to a head with a partial grounding of its Boeing 767 fleet during the Christmas 2000 season and a full grounding in Easter 2001. Ansett was thus unable to compete with the low-cost carriers and Qantas, who were able to run at a loss on some routes, as they could not maintain revenue while cutting their costs, which included laying off staff. A deal made in April 2001 for Ansett to purchase Virgin Blue was repudiated by Virgin chief Richard Branson in August, and Singapore Airlines, which",
"psg_id": "1954514"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "domestic airline and its market share would rise as high as 55%. He expanded his business interests into television in the 1960s. In April 1963, his Austarama Television company was granted a television license to operate Melbourne's third commercial television station ATV-0, starting constructing studios in Nunawading a few months later. ATV-0's first official broadcast was on 1 August 1964. Ansett expanded his television interests to become a major shareholder in Universal Telecasters, licencees of TVQ-0 Brisbane, in 1965 and buying out the station entirely in 1970. He was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE)",
"psg_id": "4894909"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "in any case, need to be many separate actions on behalf of individual creditors rather than just one. With Ansett now grounded again, the administrators began selling off Ansett's assets. This included its regional subsidiary airlines, which still continued to trade despite Ansett being grounded. A creditors meeting post March 2002 voted in favour of an organised wind-up of the operation, under a deed of company arrangement, as opposed to an immediate liquidation. It was viewed that a deed of arrangement would give creditors a greater return than liquidation would provide. Laid-off Ansett workers were eventually paid most of their",
"psg_id": "1954526"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "back him and the bid failed. O'Sullivan resigned on the spot. No sooner was this battle won that Ansett Airways came close to disaster. On 22 February 1939, a fire broke out in the Essendon hangar. The Fokker Universal and one of the Electras were destroyed. Surveying the wreckage in the light of day, Ansett told his staff he was determined to continue. By the end of 1939, Ansett Airways was flying from Melbourne to Adelaide via Mildura and Renmark; from Sydney to Adelaide via Mildura and Broken Hill and Melbourne to Sydney via Narrandera. The company also continued with",
"psg_id": "4894899"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "as new owners were found. The two Boeing 747s that were leased from Singapore Airlines were reclaimed within weeks of the collapse and returned to Singapore Airlines, where they were repainted back into the colours of their owner. They subsequently found new lives and were leased to Fiji's national carrier Fiji Airways. The more modern Boeing 767–300, of which Ansett had two, were reclaimed by the lessors in the following months, while two new Boeing 767–300 aircraft which arrived too late to enter service with Ansett, departed soon after. One aircraft was wet leased on a short term basis by",
"psg_id": "1954530"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "any warning of the stoppage in operations. An Ansett Boeing 767-200 operating on behalf of Ansett Airfreight due to depart Melbourne for Launceston, Tasmania was the first aircraft to be stopped from flying. It was unable to be unloaded until midday the next day as no paid staff were on duty. Everyone had been told in the days leading up to 14 September that flights would continue on schedule, and most Ansett employees did not find out until they showed up for work at dawn that day. Thousands of passengers were left stranded and more than 16,000 people found themselves",
"psg_id": "1954517"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "western district proved to be a much better market. Within a few years he had a small fleet of service cars operating to towns in western Victoria. By 1935, Ansett Motors and other operators was proving a thorn in the side of Victorian Railways, taking both passenger and freight revenue. The Victorian Transport Minister and Attorney General Robert Menzies pushed a bill through the state parliament prohibiting service cars from competing with Victorian Railways, slashing Ansett Motors' revenue overnight. Looking around for an alternative, Ansett decided to try an air service. What made this attractive was that air services were",
"psg_id": "4894893"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Heart",
"text": "(with front man Todd Snider) recorded the song in 2014 as a duet with Rosanne Cash. The song includes the lyrics: which \"The Yale Book of Quotations\" attributes as the source for similar aphorisms sometimes attributed to others (e.g. Annie's Mailbox attributes a version of the lyric to a combination of William Watson Purkey and Satchel Paige). In 2004 in response to an inquiry by a group of librarians Richard Leigh stated Come from the Heart \"Come from the Heart\" is a country music song written by Richard Leigh and Susanna Clark and published in 1987. It is most known",
"psg_id": "14239287"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Heart",
"text": "Come from the Heart \"Come from the Heart\" is a country music song written by Richard Leigh and Susanna Clark and published in 1987. It is most known through the 1989 single by Kathy Mattea, released in conjunction with her album \"Willow in the Wind\", though the song was first recorded and released on the 1987 Don Williams album \"Traces\" and also released in 1988 by Clark's husband on his album \"Old Friends\". Mattea's single was her third number one on the country chart, spending 14 weeks on that chart including a single week at the top. Hard Working Americans",
"psg_id": "14239286"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "placed the Ansett group of companies into voluntary administration with PriceWaterhouseCoopers on 12 September 2001. In the early hours of 14 September, the administrator determined that Ansett was not viable to continue operations (primarily due to the apparent lack of any funds to cover fuel, catering or employee wages) and grounded the fleets of Ansett and its subsidiaries Hazelton Airlines, Kendell, Skywest and Aeropelican. Flights already in the air at the time the decision was made continued on to their destinations, most unaware of the devastating news that would greet them at the other end. Customers and few employees had",
"psg_id": "1954516"
},
{
"title": "Back Where I Come From",
"text": "Back Where I Come From \"Back Where I Come From\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \"Simple Life\". The song reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Its B-side, \"Company Time\", was later a single for Linda Davis in 1994. The song is a mid-tempo in which the narrator expresses nostalgia towards his hometown in Mississippi. Regarding its content, McAnally told \"American Songwriter\", \"When I wrote 'Back Where I Come From' I thought that it",
"psg_id": "16269689"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "Catalina flying boats. These services established the Great Barrier Reef as a destination for tourists. ATI subsequently took over its rival, Barrier Reef Airways. Ansett developed Hayman Island into a major holiday resort in the Whitsunday region. BRA's Short S.25 Sandringham flying boats were later used by Ansett Flying Boat Services on the Sydney-Lord Howe Island route. The service, from Rose Bay Base on Sydney Harbour, was maintained until 1974. On 18 January 1957, Ivan Holyman, managing director of ANA, died in Honolulu. ANA had only kept going because of Holyman's determination not to give up. The five British shipping",
"psg_id": "4894905"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "Lumpur flights were inaugurated and soon suspended. In February 2000 Air New Zealand acquired full ownership of Ansett, buying out News Corporation's stake for A$680 million, surpassing Singapore Airlines's A$500 million bid. Competition from Qantas and a succession of start-up airlines (Impulse Airlines and Virgin Blue), top-heavy and substantially overpaid staff, an aging fleet and grounding of the Boeing 767 fleet due to maintenance irregularities left Ansett seriously short of cash, losing $1.3 million a day. Air New Zealand attempted to cut Ansett's costs while maintaining the same level of revenue. This did not work, as the cost cutting hurt",
"psg_id": "1954513"
},
{
"title": "Sky Airline",
"text": "Sky Airline Sky Airline is an airline based at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. It is the second largest airline in the country behind rival LATAM Airlines and the first airline to operate under a low-cost model in the country. It serves international routes to Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay. It also operates charter flights in Chile and South America. Sky Airline was controlled by its founder, Jürgen Paulmann (1930–2014), a German-Chilean businessman, brother of retail billionaire Horst Paulmann. It started operations in December 2001 and made the first flights from Santiago to Northern Chile in",
"psg_id": "5372706"
},
{
"title": "Ansett New Zealand Flight 703",
"text": "the paint did not block or reflect signals. Radar altimeter antennas are clearly embossed with the words, \"do not paint\", a warning that was not heeded. Bench testing of the radar altimeter proved the unit was still functioning perfectly after its recovery from the wreckage. Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 was an Ansett New Zealand scheduled passenger transport flight from Auckland Airport to Palmerston North. On 9 June 1995, the de Havilland Canada Dash 8 aircraft flying this route crashed into hilly terrain in the Tararua Ranges, 16 km east of Palmerston North airport, during",
"psg_id": "6778812"
},
{
"title": "Ansett New Zealand Flight 703",
"text": "Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 Ansett New Zealand Flight 703 was an Ansett New Zealand scheduled passenger transport flight from Auckland Airport to Palmerston North. On 9 June 1995, the de Havilland Canada Dash 8 aircraft flying this route crashed into hilly terrain in the Tararua Ranges, 16 km east of Palmerston North airport, during an instrument approach in bad weather. The aircraft was carrying 18 passengers and three crew members. All passengers were New Zealand citizens except for one United States citizen. The flight attendant and three passengers died as a result of the crash. The aircraft, registration a",
"psg_id": "6778807"
},
{
"title": "Arkaim (airline)",
"text": "parent company. Expected to begin operations by the end of 2009, the airline also expects to add flights on local routes from Ufa to Neftekamsk and Sibay, possibly utilising Let L-410 Turbolet-sized aircraft. According to Kommersant, industry experts and competitors do not give the airline a chance at success, due to intensive competition on trunk routes, and the lack of a regional air travel market in Bashkortostan. Andrei Martirosov, the general director of UTair Aviation, does not believe that there is available US$500 million in Russia with which to build a network airline and also stated that he is not",
"psg_id": "13683290"
},
{
"title": "Airline (brand)",
"text": "the original JB Hutto Airline beyond the first reissue, Eastwood Guitars released the \"Airline '59 Custom\" two and three pickup models in December 2008, which come with striped pickguards and rubber bound bodies, in the spirit of the originals. Airline (brand) Airline was a store brand of consumer electronics and musical instruments originally marketed and sold by American retailer Montgomery Ward via their catalog and brick and mortar stores. Products included radios, televisions, record players, guitars and amplifiers, similar to the way Sears branded their competing line of consumer electronics and instruments Silvertone. In the early 2000s, the Eastwood Guitar",
"psg_id": "8399475"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "base continued to grow. The AAES business was acquired by the John Holland Group in June 2007 under the banner of John Holland Aviation Services. As part of the sale to John Holland Group, 155 AAES staff and management had the opportunity for ongoing employment. Ansett Aircraft Spares and Services is a company that serves the aviation community by selling aircraft spares as well as maintenance work for airplanes such as Airbus, Boeing, Bombardier, British Aerospace, Douglas aircraft and Fokker types, with offices in Sylmar, California, Surrey, the United Kingdom and Melbourne. Ansett Aircraft Spares and Services also has a",
"psg_id": "1954562"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "Ansett back into the air was aimed directly at attracting a buyer for the business and generating positive cash flow. Attempts by Ansett's Voluntary Administrators to re-engage Singapore Airlines to consider a role in resurrecting Ansett through a meeting on 6 October 2001 resulted in it agreeing to play a consultancy role in this effort. The scaled-back operation ran on a tight budget, and its product reflective of that. It consisted of single class seating with no catering, interlining baggage, valet parking or frequent flyer points. After a month back in the air, the Golden Wing Club Lounges re-opened, however",
"psg_id": "1954520"
},
{
"title": "Richard Ansett",
"text": "represented a union that was not yet recognised by law and society. Richard Ansett Richard Ansett (born 20 February 1966) is an award winning photographer known for his provocative images. His images are in permanent collections including the National Portrait Gallery, London and Library and Archives Canada, Bibliothèque Nationale de France and the Smithsonian Institution. His images have been part of major collaborative exhibitions. He won the overall prize for photography at the Arte Laguna Prize 12/13, 1st prize for fine art documentary at Grand Prix de la Decouverte 2013 and received the gold award at Prix de la Photographie’11,",
"psg_id": "17861069"
},
{
"title": "Richard Ansett",
"text": "Richard Ansett Richard Ansett (born 20 February 1966) is an award winning photographer known for his provocative images. His images are in permanent collections including the National Portrait Gallery, London and Library and Archives Canada, Bibliothèque Nationale de France and the Smithsonian Institution. His images have been part of major collaborative exhibitions. He won the overall prize for photography at the Arte Laguna Prize 12/13, 1st prize for fine art documentary at Grand Prix de la Decouverte 2013 and received the gold award at Prix de la Photographie’11, Ansett's solo exhibition in 2002, Ron & Roger, consisted of a series",
"psg_id": "17861067"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "a director of Ansett Transport Industries. His views on women in aviation were widely viewed as sexist. He once described stewardesses over 30 as \"old boilers\" and claimed that women were unsuitable to be pilots because of their menstrual cycles. In 1978, Deborah Wardley took the company to the Victorian Equal Opportunity Board for discrimination. Wardley was a charter pilot who claimed that she was better qualified to be hired than other male pilots that had been hired. Ansett claimed that they hadn't discriminated against her because she was a woman but because she had the potential to fall pregnant.",
"psg_id": "4894911"
},
{
"title": "Ansett Australia",
"text": "partnering carriers operated the Boeing 727, -100, -200 Advanced and the purpose built 727 LR, Bristol Freighter, Cessna 550, Convair 340, Convair 440, de Havilland Dragon, de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou, de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, de Havilland Canada Dash 7, de Havilland Heron, Douglas DC-3 and C-47 Skytrain, Douglas DC-4, Douglas DC-6, Fokker F-27, Fokker F-28, Fokker Universal, Lockheed Model 10 Electra, Lockheed L-188 Electra, Douglas DC-9, Mohawk 298, Piaggio P.166 and Vickers Viscount. Ansett Flying Boat Services operated the Consolidated PBY Catalina, Short Sandringham and Short Sunderland. At various times the Ansett-ANA helicopter division operated the Bell",
"psg_id": "1954536"
},
{
"title": "Sky Airline",
"text": "A320 family planes in 2010 and were fully withdrawn in 2013. Sky Airline Sky Airline is an airline based at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. It is the second largest airline in the country behind rival LATAM Airlines and the first airline to operate under a low-cost model in the country. It serves international routes to Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay. It also operates charter flights in Chile and South America. Sky Airline was controlled by its founder, Jürgen Paulmann (1930–2014), a German-Chilean businessman, brother of retail billionaire Horst Paulmann. It started operations in December 2001",
"psg_id": "5372709"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "Skies. In May 2010, Emirates Airline executives refuted claims that the carrier does not pay taxes and receives substantial financial assistance from the Dubai government. They claimed that the airline received $80m in cash and kind in the 25 years since the airline was established and this was substantially lower than what other national carriers had received. Maurice Flanagan also claimed that Emirates incurred social costs of around $600m in 2009 and this included municipal taxes to the city of Dubai. The airline also paid a dividend of AED956m ($260m) in 2010, compared to AED2.9bn ($793m) in 2009 and each",
"psg_id": "1275135"
},
{
"title": "Reg Ansett",
"text": "L.10A Electras. Under the Empire Preference Scheme, aircraft from Britain could be imported duty-free; Aircraft from anywhere else paid import duties. Ansett Airways Limited had posted a £30 000 ($60 000) loss in its first year and its shares had more than halved in value. His bankers refused to advance the money to pay Lockheed £50 000 ($100 000) for the Electras which were being held in bond awaiting payment of £14 000 ($28 000) in duty. His first priority was to get the aircraft released, so he lobbied T W White, Minister for Customs in the Lyons government. He",
"psg_id": "4894896"
},
{
"title": "Regional airline",
"text": "aircraft livery for the company they are operating flights for. These airlines can be subsidiaries of the major airline or fly under a code sharing agreement or operating through capacity purchase agreements, with the mainline parent company financing the aircraft for the regional airline, and then placing the aircraft with the regional for very little cost. An example would be Envoy Air, which is fully owned by American Airlines Group and does business as American Eagle. For all practical purposes, regional airlines in the United States today, are nothing more than co-branded feeder airlines to U.S. airline alliance largest airports",
"psg_id": "2279999"
}
] | [
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where is new york's empire state college located? | [
{
"title": "Empire State College",
"text": "with UAW-Ford University, United Steelworkers of America, Corporate Noncredit Training, eArmyU, Navy College Program and the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (Local Union #3). The College is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. Empire State College administrative offices are located in Saratoga Springs, New York. Empire State College was designed by then SUNY Chancellor Ernest Boyer in a document titled \"Prospectus for a New University College.\" In 1971, Ernest L. Boyer, chancellor of the State University of New York, conceived a new college for the state’s public university: a college dedicated to adult, student-centered education. Empire State",
"psg_id": "2820238"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Empire State College",
"text": "Empire State College Empire State College, one of the 13 arts and science colleges of the State University of New York, is a multi-site institution offering associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, and distance degrees worldwide through the Center for Distance Learning. The School for Graduate Studies offers master's degrees. Empire State College's Center for International Programs also has special programs for students in Lebanon through the American University of Science and Technology, Czech Republic, and Greece. From 2005 to until 2010, Empire State College and Anadolu University in Turkey offered a joint MBA program. It also has arranged learning opportunities",
"psg_id": "2820237"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York Maritime College",
"text": "State University of New York Maritime College State University of New York Maritime College (SUNY Maritime College) is a maritime college located in the Bronx, New York, United States in historic Fort Schuyler on the Throggs Neck peninsula where the East River meets Long Island Sound. Founded in 1874, the SUNY Maritime College was the first college of its kind (federally approved, offering commercial nautical instruction) to be founded in the United States and is one of only seven degree-granting maritime academies in the United States. The school offers Bachelor of Engineering degrees in electrical, facilities, marine, and mechanical engineering;",
"psg_id": "2894021"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York Maritime College",
"text": "men's and women's soccer, men's and women's swimming & diving, and women's volleyball. The department also offers ice hockey, mixed rifle and rugby at the club level, ice hockey competes as a Division III member of the American Collegiate Hockey Association, mixed rifle competes in the Mid-Atlantic Rifle Conference, and rugby competes in the Tri-State Rugby Conference. State University of New York Maritime College State University of New York Maritime College (SUNY Maritime College) is a maritime college located in the Bronx, New York, United States in historic Fort Schuyler on the Throggs Neck peninsula where the East River meets",
"psg_id": "2894041"
},
{
"title": "Empire State College",
"text": "to support a learner's academic, career or personal goals. The college offers flexible programs, including distance education, extensive transfers of credits from other universities, prior-learning assessment for knowledge gained through independent studies, standardized evaluations, and the opportunity to design one's own degree with an academic advisor or mentor. Empire State College Empire State College, one of the 13 arts and science colleges of the State University of New York, is a multi-site institution offering associate, bachelor's, and master's degrees, and distance degrees worldwide through the Center for Distance Learning. The School for Graduate Studies offers master's degrees. Empire State College's",
"psg_id": "2820241"
},
{
"title": "New York State Museum",
"text": "New York State Museum The New York State Museum is a research-backed institution in Albany, New York, United States. It is located on Madison Avenue, attached to the south side of the Empire State Plaza, facing onto the plaza and towards the New York State Capitol. The museum houses art, artifacts (prehistoric and historic), and ecofacts that reflect New York’s cultural, natural, and geological development. Operated by the New York State Education Department's Office of Cultural Education, it is the nation's oldest and largest state museum. Formerly located in the State Education Building, the museum now occupies the first four",
"psg_id": "8412696"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York College of Optometry",
"text": "of the SUNY Eye Institute. State University of New York College of Optometry The State University of New York College of Optometry was established in 1971 as result of a legislative mandate of New York in the United States. It is located in midtown Manhattan in New York City in what was originally the Aeolian Building, which was built in 1912 for the Aeolian Company, a piano manufacturer. It is a center for research on vision and the only school of optometry in New York. The College grants a professional degree, the Doctor of Optometry (O.D.), and two academic degrees,",
"psg_id": "2918584"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York College of Optometry",
"text": "State University of New York College of Optometry The State University of New York College of Optometry was established in 1971 as result of a legislative mandate of New York in the United States. It is located in midtown Manhattan in New York City in what was originally the Aeolian Building, which was built in 1912 for the Aeolian Company, a piano manufacturer. It is a center for research on vision and the only school of optometry in New York. The College grants a professional degree, the Doctor of Optometry (O.D.), and two academic degrees, the Master of Science (M.S.)",
"psg_id": "2918581"
},
{
"title": "New York State Capitol",
"text": "New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol, the seat of New York State government, is located in Albany, the capital city of the U.S. state of New York. The capitol building is part of the Empire State Plaza complex on State Street in Capitol Park. Housing the New York State Legislature, the building was completed in 1899 at a cost of US$25 million (equivalent to $ million in ), making it the most expensive government building of its time. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971, then included as a contributing property when",
"psg_id": "6842159"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 433",
"text": "was cut back to its original terminus in Armonk. NY 128's former routing along North Greenwich Road was then re-designated as NY 433. New York State Route 433 New York State Route 433 (NY 433) is a short state highway located entirely in the town of North Castle in Westchester County, New York, in the United States. It runs for from the Connecticut state line, where it continues south into Greenwich as a local highway known as Riversville Road, to an intersection with NY 22 near the hamlet of Armonk. NY 433 is one of six New York touring routes",
"psg_id": "7433693"
},
{
"title": "Clinton Community College (New York)",
"text": "locations throughout Plattsburgh. Clinton Community College (New York) Clinton Community College is located in the Town of Plattsburgh, a few miles south of the city of Plattsburgh in Clinton County, New York. It is a community college unit of the State University of New York (SUNY). Clinton Community College (CCC) is part of the State University of New York (SUNY), which oversees a network of sixty-four campuses, thirty of which are locally sponsored community colleges. CCC is a residential campus that has 2,200 co-educational undergraduates with an average class size of 18. Located on Lake Champlain, it is an hour",
"psg_id": "2913774"
},
{
"title": "Clinton Community College (New York)",
"text": "Clinton Community College (New York) Clinton Community College is located in the Town of Plattsburgh, a few miles south of the city of Plattsburgh in Clinton County, New York. It is a community college unit of the State University of New York (SUNY). Clinton Community College (CCC) is part of the State University of New York (SUNY), which oversees a network of sixty-four campuses, thirty of which are locally sponsored community colleges. CCC is a residential campus that has 2,200 co-educational undergraduates with an average class size of 18. Located on Lake Champlain, it is an hour south of Montreal,",
"psg_id": "2913769"
},
{
"title": "New York State Museum",
"text": "New York State Museum include geological samples, paleontology specimens, historic materials, and art. Their anthropological collections are extensive, and include the collections of several early and well-known anthropologists, including Lewis H. Morgan and Arthur C. Parker. These collections are open to researchers for analysis. A supplementary storage facility in Rotterdam, New York, houses material not presently displayed, including artifacts from the September 11 attacks. New York State Museum The New York State Museum is a research-backed institution in Albany, New York, United States. It is located on Madison Avenue, attached to the south side of the Empire State Plaza, facing",
"psg_id": "8412701"
},
{
"title": "New York State College of Ceramics",
"text": "School of Art and Design within NYSCC: Inamori School of Engineering within NYSCC: Graduate degrees: New York State College of Ceramics The New York State College of Ceramics (NYSCC) at Alfred University in Alfred, New York, United States is a statutory college of the State University of New York (SUNY). The College is composed of the School of Art and Design, the Inamori School of Engineering and the Samuel R. Scholes Library. The programs of Alfred University’s School of Art and Design have been consistently ranked among the top art and design programs both in the United States and internationally.",
"psg_id": "2764088"
},
{
"title": "New York State College of Ceramics",
"text": "New York State College of Ceramics The New York State College of Ceramics (NYSCC) at Alfred University in Alfred, New York, United States is a statutory college of the State University of New York (SUNY). The College is composed of the School of Art and Design, the Inamori School of Engineering and the Samuel R. Scholes Library. The programs of Alfred University’s School of Art and Design have been consistently ranked among the top art and design programs both in the United States and internationally. Students participate in a curriculum that provides a true multi-disciplinary environment for creative and scholarly",
"psg_id": "2764085"
},
{
"title": "Sports in New York (state)",
"text": "very little presence in New York State compared to elsewhere, with only the Rochester Raiders currently playing as of 2014; a thriving amateur outdoor circuit with several leagues plays primarily in the summer months. Numerous college sports teams play in New York State at all levels; the Division III State University of New York Athletic Conference and Empire 8 consist almost entirely of New York-based teams. The following is a list of current National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) affiliates in New York state: The following is a list of National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) affiliates in New York state:",
"psg_id": "9690457"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York at Delhi",
"text": "of the campus. Farrell Student and Community Center has a dance and aerobics room on its main floor, where free yoga, pilates, and dance classes are regularly held. Notable alumni include actor Bill Pullman. State University of New York at Delhi The State University of New York at Delhi (also called SUNY Delhi or Delhi State College) is one of the technology colleges of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. It is located in the Town of Delhi, New York, United States, which is in the Catskill Mountains. The college, entirely in Delhi, is partially within the Village",
"psg_id": "2916425"
},
{
"title": "New York State Theatre Institute",
"text": "guardianship of The State University of New York. Its Founding Director was Patricia B. Snyder. In 1982, through a collaboration with \"the Egg\" (the Empire State Plaza Performing Arts Center) it became known as the Empire State Institute for the Performing Arts (ESIPA). In 1992, with impending closure for financial reasons, the New York State Legislature reconstituted the organization as a public benefit corporation and renamed it the New York State Theatre Institute (NYSTI). The institute later moved to the Troy campus of Russell Sage College. NYSTI was the first state mandated theatre education program for children in the United",
"psg_id": "13458631"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 598",
"text": "by way of NY 433's final alignment. New York State Route 598 New York State Route 598 (NY 598) is a north–south state highway located within Onondaga County, New York, in the United States. It extends for from an intersection with NY 5 in the city of Syracuse to a junction with NY 298 in the adjacent town of Salina. The route intersects Interstate 690 (I-690) near its southern terminus and passes through Syracuse's Eastwood neighborhood near its midpoint, where it meets NY 290. NY 598 was assigned . The northernmost portion of the route replaced NY 930M, a short",
"psg_id": "10879203"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 408",
"text": "New York State Route 408 New York State Route 408 (NY 408) is a state highway located entirely within Livingston County, New York, in the United States. It runs north–south from an intersection with NY 70 near the hamlet of Dalton in the town of Nunda to a junction with NY 63 in the town of Groveland near NY 408's exit with Interstate 390 (I-390). Most of NY 408 is a two-lane rural highway that passes through lightly developed areas; however, the last two miles (3 km) of the highway, where it runs in a due east–west direction, are heavily",
"psg_id": "7872913"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York Upstate Medical University",
"text": "State University of New York Upstate Medical University The State University of New York Upstate Medical University is a SUNY health sciences university located primarily in the University Hill district of Syracuse, New York. SUNY Upstate is an upper-division transfer and graduate college with degree programs within the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, College of Health Professions, and the College of Graduate Studies. Its Syracuse campus includes Upstate University Hospital. In addition to affiliations with Binghamton Hospital and 22 other hospitals throughout central New York, where much of the core clinical teaching takes place, Upstate has numerous partnerships, including",
"psg_id": "9626563"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York Upstate Medical University",
"text": "State University of New York Upstate Medical University The State University of New York Upstate Medical University is a SUNY health sciences university located primarily in the University Hill district of Syracuse, New York. SUNY Upstate is an upper-division transfer and graduate college with degree programs within the College of Medicine, College of Nursing, College of Health Professions, and the College of Graduate Studies. Its Syracuse campus includes Upstate University Hospital. In addition to affiliations with Binghamton Hospital and 22 other hospitals throughout central New York, where much of the core clinical teaching takes place, Upstate has numerous partnerships, including",
"psg_id": "9626559"
},
{
"title": "New York State Capitol",
"text": "is a Visitor Center for the New York State Capitol and Empire State Plaza, located on Concourse Level of the Plaza near the underground entrance to the Capitol. *NEW*: Every second Saturday of the month, the Visitor Center will offer a tour of the Capitol at 11AM and 1PM. Reservations are required and can be made at EmpireStatePlaza.org Official tour guides offers a special Hauntings Tour during October. The best known alleged-ghost is that of Samuel Abbott, a night watchman who died during a severe fire on March 29, 1911. New York State Capitol The New York State Capitol, the",
"psg_id": "6842167"
},
{
"title": "New York State Fair station",
"text": "New York State Fair station New York State Fair is an intercity rail station serving the New York State Fairground in Syracuse, New York. It is served by Amtrak \"Empire Service\" and \"Maple Leaf\" trains while the fair is in operation. The station is located in the southwest corner of the fairgrounds, with a shuttle service to the central area. It consists of an unsheltered low island platform between two of the four tracks of the former New York Central Railroad Water Level Route, with a sheltered waiting area nearby. A mobile lift provides handicapped access. New York Central trains",
"psg_id": "18019064"
},
{
"title": "New York State Library",
"text": "details as to where they are physically held. Genealogical materials are also housed in the New York State Archives, which is located in the same building as the State Library. . The Digital Collections of the New York State Library consist of over 50,000 documents, including New York State government publications and historical materials from 18th and 19th century in many subjects areas. On March 29, 1911, a fire in the Assembly Chamber of the New York State Capitol, where the Library was located at the time, devastated the Library's collections, destroying approximately 450,000 books and 270,000 manuscripts including some",
"psg_id": "8745447"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York College at Cortland",
"text": "and weight training equipment. The Cortland Red Dragons are the athletic teams for SUNY Cortland. The college competes in NCAA Division III in the State University of New York Athletic Conference for most sports. Football played in the New Jersey Athletic Conference from 2000–14 and will be moving to the Empire 8 in 2015. Wrestling competes in the Empire Collegiate Wrestling Conference, the women's ice hockey team competes in the ECAC West, women's gymnastics is a National Collegiate Gymnastics Association (NCGA) East member, and women's golf is an independent, as those sports are not offered by the SUNYAC. SUNY Cortland",
"psg_id": "2808100"
},
{
"title": "Empire State Building",
"text": "Empire State Building The Empire State Building is a 102-story Art Deco skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by Shreve, Lamb & Harmon and completed in 1931, the building has a roof height of and stands a total of tall, including its antenna. Its name is derived from \"Empire State\", the nickname of New York, which is of unknown origin. the building is the 5th-tallest completed skyscraper in the United States and the 28th-tallest in the world. It is also the 6th-tallest freestanding structure in the Americas. The site of the Empire State Building, located on the west",
"psg_id": "122659"
},
{
"title": "New York (state)",
"text": "and Westchester County. Smaller notable private institutions of higher education include Rockefeller University, Mercy College, New York Institute of Technology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, Yeshiva University, and Hofstra University in Long Island. There are also a multitude of postgraduate-level schools in New York State, including Medical, Law, and Engineering schools. West Point, the service academy of the U.S. Army, is located just south of Newburgh, on the west bank of the Hudson River. New York is also home to what are widely regarded as the best Performing Arts schools in the world. The Juilliard School, located in",
"psg_id": "9238097"
},
{
"title": "New York State Judicial Institute",
"text": "New York State Judicial Institute The New York State Judicial Institute is located about north of New York City on the campus of the Pace University School of Law in White Plains, NY. Spearheaded by New York State Chief Judge Judith S. Kaye and Chief Administrative Judge Jonathan Lippman, the institute was created through a unique partnership between the New York State Courts and Pace University School of Law. The New York State Judicial Institute serves as a statewide center for the education, training, and research facility for all judges, justices, legal staff and employees of the New York State",
"psg_id": "7591869"
},
{
"title": "New York State College of Forestry at Cornell",
"text": "was conducted only in Great Britain and Europe. When Governor Frank S. Black went on a fishing trip with a Cornell trustee and discussed Col. Fox's proposal, the suggestion was made that Cornell would be well-suited to implement the demonstration forest. Cornell President Jacob Gould Schurman then began lobbying for a state-funded college, just as he had successfully advocated for a state-funded veterinary college in 1894. The legislature quickly approved the new college. The act authorized New York State to pay for a tract of forest land in the Adirondacks from funds, previously appropriated for the acquisition of lands to",
"psg_id": "13772330"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York College at Cortland",
"text": "State University of New York College at Cortland The State University of New York College at Cortland, also known as SUNY Cortland or Cortland State College, is a coeducational college in Cortland, New York, United States. In each of the four years to 2010, SUNY Cortland was named to the President's Higher Education Community Service Honor Roll and ranked by Kiplinger's among its 100 Best Values Among Public Colleges and Universities. The State University of New York College at Cortland was founded in 1868 as the Cortland Normal School, which included among its earliest students inventor and industrialist Elmer A.",
"psg_id": "2808094"
},
{
"title": "The College at Brockport, State University of New York",
"text": "to mortals. The flame from \"Prometheus\" later became the symbol of the college. The College at Brockport, State University of New York The College at Brockport, State University of New York (also known as SUNY Brockport, Brockport State, College at Brockport, or the State University of New York at Brockport) is a four-year liberal arts college in Brockport, Monroe County, New York, United States, near Rochester. A constituent college of the State University of New York, it has been ranked by U.S. News in the first tier of Master's-granting colleges in the Northeast region, and by Kiplinger's among the top",
"psg_id": "2768022"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 246",
"text": "reassigned to NY 245's former routing along the Perry–Perry Center highway. NY 246 was extended north to NY 63 in Pavilion in the early 1950s. New York State Route 246 New York State Route 246 (NY 246) is a north–south state highway located in western New York in the United States. All but of the route are located in Wyoming County; the northernmost intersection on the highway is in Genesee County instead. The southern terminus of the route is at an intersection with NY 39 in the village of Perry and its northern terminus is at a junction with NY",
"psg_id": "7854981"
},
{
"title": "The College at Brockport, State University of New York",
"text": "The College at Brockport, State University of New York The College at Brockport, State University of New York (also known as SUNY Brockport, Brockport State, College at Brockport, or the State University of New York at Brockport) is a four-year liberal arts college in Brockport, Monroe County, New York, United States, near Rochester. A constituent college of the State University of New York, it has been ranked by U.S. News in the first tier of Master's-granting colleges in the Northeast region, and by Kiplinger's among the top 100 \"Best Value\" public colleges and universities in the United States as well",
"psg_id": "2767955"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 264",
"text": "of NY 264's former routing became an extension of CR 54, which originally began at NY 264 in the center of Pennellville. North of the hamlet, the old route is now a town-maintained road named Godfrey Road. NY 264's alignment has not been changed since that time. New York State Route 264 New York State Route 264 (NY 264) is a north–south state highway located within Oswego County, New York, in the United States. It runs for from an intersection with County Route 57 (CR 57, formerly NY 57) in the village of Phoenix to a junction with NY 3",
"psg_id": "8001915"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York College at Cortland",
"text": "2015. Cortland hosted the summer training camp of the NFL's New York Jets from 2009–14, except for 2011 due to the NFL lockout. SUNY Cortland has 18 partner universities across the world such as the German Sport University and the Griffith University in Australia State University of New York College at Cortland The State University of New York College at Cortland, also known as SUNY Cortland or Cortland State College, is a coeducational college in Cortland, New York, United States. In each of the four years to 2010, SUNY Cortland was named to the President's Higher Education Community Service Honor",
"psg_id": "2808106"
},
{
"title": "Empire State University",
"text": "AKA Venom, attends Empire State University in the Ultimate Spider-Man series. Flash Thompson, AKA Venom in the Original Comics series. Empire State University Empire State University (also known as ESU) is a fictional university in the Marvel Comics Universe. It is located somewhere in New York City, in Greenwich Village near the site of New York University. Many Marvel Comics characters, especially those associated with Spider-Man, have either attended or worked at the university. It first appeared in \"Amazing Spider-Man\" #31 (December 1965). Depictions of the university's location have been vague, although maps published in the \"Official Handbook of the",
"psg_id": "4323623"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 34",
"text": "New York State Route 34 New York State Route 34 (NY 34) is a north–south New York state route located in Central New York. Its southern terminus is at the Pennsylvania state line in the village of Waverly, where it connects to Pennsylvania Route 199 and meets NY 17. Its northern terminus is at NY 104, outside the village of Hannibal. The highway begins at exit 61 of the Southern Tier Expressway, NY 17, where PA 199 crosses into New York state, and Tioga County, on Cayuta Avenue in Waverly. Little more than half a mile into the state, Cayuta",
"psg_id": "5672153"
},
{
"title": "New York State Judicial Institute",
"text": "legal research, writing and analysis. As part of the program, students will have the opportunity to visit courts in session and meet with members of the judiciary and other legal professionals. New York State Judicial Institute The New York State Judicial Institute is located about north of New York City on the campus of the Pace University School of Law in White Plains, NY. Spearheaded by New York State Chief Judge Judith S. Kaye and Chief Administrative Judge Jonathan Lippman, the institute was created through a unique partnership between the New York State Courts and Pace University School of Law.",
"psg_id": "7591873"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 161",
"text": "New York State Route 161 New York State Route 161 (NY 161) is an east–west state highway located in eastern Montgomery County, New York, in the United States. It extends for just over from an intersection with NY 30A in the town of Glen to a junction with NY 30 in the town of Florida. The route is a two-lane highway known as Mill Point Road, named for a small hamlet situated near NY 161's midpoint. At Mill Point, the road crosses Schoharie Creek. NY 161 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York",
"psg_id": "9183898"
},
{
"title": "Empire State College",
"text": "College would invite people into higher education by removing impediments to access such as time, location, institutional processes, and even curricular custom, as well as habits of learning and teaching. Students individually would define their academic needs, purposes and efforts. The college would be flexible in supporting them, through its faculty, policies and procedures, to achieve demonstrable college-level learning. This is the animating idea and the root of Empire State College. Empire State College fulfills this mission by providing learning opportunities designed to accommodate students with family, work and community responsibilities. At the core of the learning-teaching environment is individualized",
"psg_id": "2820239"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York at Fredonia",
"text": "State University of New York at Fredonia The State University of New York at Fredonia (also known as SUNY Fredonia and Fredonia State College) is a liberal arts college in Fredonia, New York. It is a constituent college of the State University of New York. Fredonia was one of the state teachers' colleges traditionally specializing in music education, but now offers a large number of programs in many areas, including a growing graduate division. The most popular areas of study include science, communication, music, education, and the social sciences. There are 82 majors and 41 minors. The Fredonia campus, located",
"psg_id": "2768034"
},
{
"title": "New York State Library",
"text": "New York State Library The New York State Library was established in 1818 to serve the government of the state. The library is one of the largest in the world by number of items held, with over 20 million. The Library is part of the New York State Education Department. The Library and its sister institutions, the New York State Museum and New York State Archives, are housed in the Cultural Education Center, which is part of the Empire State Plaza, a large complex of state government offices in downtown Albany, New York, United States. The New York State Library",
"psg_id": "8745441"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 300",
"text": "such as Finkelstein & Partners, LLP and New York Granite. New York State Route 300 New York State Route 300 (NY 300) is a state highway located west of the city of Newburgh in the Hudson Valley of New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at a five-way intersection with NY 32 and NY 94 in the hamlet of Vails Gate. From there, it runs generally northwesterly through the towns of New Windsor, Newburgh, and Shawangunk, to a junction with NY 208 near the hamlet of Wallkill. NY 300's two major changes of direction",
"psg_id": "6464397"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York Maritime College",
"text": "1968 in Vietnam. With twenty-five years of service to the Maritime College (as of 2015), the \"Empire State VI\" holds the record as the longest serving power driven training vessel the school has ever utilized. She is expected to remain in operation by the school through at least 2020, with proposals made to modify her so she may remain in compliance and operable through 2031. Given the recent funding for new National Security Multi-mission Vessels (see below), it is likely that the \"Empire State VI\" will be replaced well before that. The college also made very limited use, mostly for",
"psg_id": "2894038"
},
{
"title": "Empire State University",
"text": "Empire State University Empire State University (also known as ESU) is a fictional university in the Marvel Comics Universe. It is located somewhere in New York City, in Greenwich Village near the site of New York University. Many Marvel Comics characters, especially those associated with Spider-Man, have either attended or worked at the university. It first appeared in \"Amazing Spider-Man\" #31 (December 1965). Depictions of the university's location have been vague, although maps published in the \"Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe\" depict the university as being near Washington Square Park, on or near the site of New York University.",
"psg_id": "4323620"
},
{
"title": "Empire State College",
"text": "study and the creation of an individual degree plan that is supported by a faculty mentor to whom each student is assigned. Empire State College students can take advantage of multiple modes of study including guided independent studies, study groups, intensive residencies, online courses and blended-learning experiences. The college also was one of the first institutions in the United States to develop a program of prior learning assessment, whereby students may earn college credit through assessment of prior learning from their work and life experiences. The undergraduate degrees within broad areas of study offered by Empire State College are individualized",
"psg_id": "2820240"
},
{
"title": "Empire State V",
"text": "Empire State V USTS \"Empire State V, was a troop ship of the US Navy and training vessel of the United States Maritime Service. She was laid down as the SS \"President Jackson a cargo / passenger liner and finished as a troop transport, the USS \"Barrett\" (T-AP-196). She was converted to a training ship in 1973 serving as the training ship for the State University of New York Maritime College until 1990 when she was replaced by the college's current training ship the USTS Empire State VI. After serving New York Maritime she was placed in the Maritime service's",
"psg_id": "12757090"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 300",
"text": "New York State Route 300 New York State Route 300 (NY 300) is a state highway located west of the city of Newburgh in the Hudson Valley of New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is at a five-way intersection with NY 32 and NY 94 in the hamlet of Vails Gate. From there, it runs generally northwesterly through the towns of New Windsor, Newburgh, and Shawangunk, to a junction with NY 208 near the hamlet of Wallkill. NY 300's two major changes of direction are marked by slightly unorthodox intersections with other state highways.",
"psg_id": "6464376"
},
{
"title": "Ithaca, New York",
"text": "of Music in 1892. Ithaca College was originally located in the downtown area, but relocated to South Hill in the 1960s. Ithaca is a major educational center in Central New York. In 2011 there were about 21,000 students enrolled at Cornell and about 6,400 at Ithaca College. Tompkins Cortland Community College is located in the neighboring Town of Dryden, and has an extension center in downtown Ithaca. Empire State College offers non-traditional college courses to adults in downtown Ithaca. The public school system is based in Ithaca. The Ithaca City School District, which encompasses Ithaca and the surrounding area, enrolls",
"psg_id": "196841"
},
{
"title": "New York State College of Ceramics",
"text": "and sciences research community. The library holdings include an extensive collection of materials in engineering and technology, as well as extensive holdings in photography, sculpture, art history, glass art, electronic media and other areas of art and design. The College awards undergraduate and graduate degrees and is a doctoral granting institution of the State University of New York. It is host to both the Scholes Library, which has extensive collections of research materials in both ceramic science and ceramic art, and The Alfred Ceramic Art Museum at Alfred University. NYS College of Ceramics (2014). In State University of New York.",
"psg_id": "2764087"
},
{
"title": "City College of New York",
"text": "of New York\" when the CUNY was formally established as the umbrella institution for New York City's municipal-college system in 1961. The names City College of New York and City College, however, remain in general use. With the name change in 1866, lavender was chosen as the College's color. In 1867, the academic senate, the first student government in the nation, was formed. Having struggled over the issue for ten years, in 1895, the New York state Legislature voted to let the City College build a new campus. A four-square block site was chosen, located in Manhattanville, within the area",
"psg_id": "9140662"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 161",
"text": "of Youngs Corners and Dunlap Roads. The highways were state-maintained by 1926 and designated as NY 161A . The designation was removed . New York State Route 161 New York State Route 161 (NY 161) is an east–west state highway located in eastern Montgomery County, New York, in the United States. It extends for just over from an intersection with NY 30A in the town of Glen to a junction with NY 30 in the town of Florida. The route is a two-lane highway known as Mill Point Road, named for a small hamlet situated near NY 161's midpoint. At",
"psg_id": "9183903"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 211",
"text": "New York State Route 211 New York State Route 211 (NY 211) is a state highway located entirely within Orange County, New York, in the United States. The western terminus is at the intersection with US 209 located in Cuddebackville, and the eastern terminus is located at Montgomery at NY 17K, where it becomes the main thoroughfare. Through Middletown, it briefly becomes a divided highway with a maximum of five lanes in each direction (a total of ten lanes). It was also through Middletown that the famed \"Miracle Mile\" was born, which was the beginning of the shopping center frenzy",
"psg_id": "7049806"
},
{
"title": "Empire State Express",
"text": "song (a staple of ESE's live performances) and the No. 999's static display at the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry. The band's 2009 debut EP was titled \"Land Speed Record\" in honor of the train's legacy. Empire State Express The Empire State Express was one of the named passenger trains and onetime flagship of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad (a predecessor of the later New York Central Railroad). On September 14, 1891 it covered the 436 miles (702 kilometers) between New York City and Buffalo in 7 hours and 6 minutes (including stops), averaging 61.4 miles-per-hour",
"psg_id": "7309728"
},
{
"title": "Empire State",
"text": "can be seen throughout the state. Manhattan's Empire State Building opened in 1931 and was the world's tallest building until the completion of the north tower of the World Trade Center in 1970. Following the September 11 attacks, the Empire State Building once again became the tallest building in Manhattan until One World Trade Center claimed the title in April 2012. 1939 New York World's Fair dubbed the span between the Trylon and N.Y. State Exhibit as The Empire State Bridge. The main offices of state government are located at the Empire State Plaza (ESP) in Albany, the state capital.",
"psg_id": "14926345"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York at Delhi",
"text": "State University of New York at Delhi The State University of New York at Delhi (also called SUNY Delhi or Delhi State College) is one of the technology colleges of the State University of New York (SUNY) system. It is located in the Town of Delhi, New York, United States, which is in the Catskill Mountains. The college, entirely in Delhi, is partially within the Village of Delhi. Over 3,000 students attend the institution. Delhi’s intercollegiate athletic teams are called the Broncos. Delhi offers over 60 programs, which can lead to one-year certificates, two-year associate degrees, and four-year bachelor's degrees",
"psg_id": "2916415"
},
{
"title": "New York Medical College",
"text": "New York Medical College Founded in 1860, New York Medical College (known colloquially as \"NYMC\" or \"New York Med\"), a member of the Touro College and University System, is a private biomedical health sciences university based in Valhalla, New York, in Westchester County in the lower Hudson Valley region of New York state just 13 miles north of New York City. It is the only biomedical health sciences and research university between New York City and the state capital of Albany, New York. NYMC offers advanced degrees through its three schools: the School of Medicine (SOM), the Graduate School of",
"psg_id": "3321300"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 42",
"text": "New York State Route 42 New York State Route 42 (NY 42) is a north–south, discontinuous state highway in the Catskill Mountains region of New York in the United States. The southernmost of the highway's two segments begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 6 (US 6) and US 209 in Port Jervis and ends at a junction with NY 55 near the Rondout Reservoir in Neversink. NY 42's northern segment runs from NY 28 in Shandaken to NY 23A in Lexington. The southern segment is located in Orange County and Sullivan County, while the northern segment is in Ulster",
"psg_id": "7434040"
},
{
"title": "New York State College of Forestry at Cornell",
"text": "New York State College of Forestry at Cornell The New York State College of Forestry at Cornell was a statutory college established in 1898 at Cornell University to teach scientific forestry. The first four-year college of forestry in the country, it was defunded by the State of New York in 1903, over controversies involving the college's forestry practices in the Adirondacks. Forestry studies continued at Cornell even after the college's closing. The idea of a Cornell Forestry school began with Colonel William F. Fox, Superintendent of New York's state-owned forests during the mid-1890s. At that time, forestry research and education",
"psg_id": "13772329"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 236",
"text": "a new highway constructed on a largely undeveloped right-of-way while the north half was built over a preexisting local road. Several curves in the original highway were eliminated as part of NY 236's construction. The NY 236 designation was assigned to the new road on January 1, 1949. New York State Route 236 New York State Route 236 (NY 236) is a north–south state highway located within the town of Halfmoon in Saratoga County, New York, in the United States. The highway is little more than a connector linking U.S. Route 9 (US 9) to NY 146 while bypassing the",
"psg_id": "8949826"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 366",
"text": "Ithaca to the west and north. NY 13 was altered to follow Meadow Street and the freeway between southwestern Ithaca and the town of Dryden while the portion of NY 13's old routing that did not overlap NY 79 became a westward extension of NY 366. New York State Route 366 New York State Route 366 (NY 366) is an east–west state highway located entirely within Tompkins County in the Finger Lakes region of New York in the United States. It runs for from State Street (NY 79) just east of downtown Ithaca to NY 38 in Freeville. NY 366",
"psg_id": "6291086"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 320",
"text": "New York State Route 320 New York State Route 320 (NY 320) is an east–west state highway located within Chenango County in the central part of New York in the United States. It extends for from an intersection with NY 12 north of the city of Norwich to a junction with Tiffany Road in the town of North Norwich. The road shifts from state to county maintenance at the latter junction, and NY 320's right-of-way continues northeast from Tiffany Road as County Route 29 (CR 29). NY 320 was assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in",
"psg_id": "9130142"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 26",
"text": "New York State Route 26 New York State Route 26 (NY 26) is a north–south state highway that runs for through Central New York in the United States. Its southern terminus is located at the Pennsylvania state line south of the town of Vestal in Broome County, where it becomes Pennsylvania Route 267 (PA 267). Its northern terminus is located at a junction with NY 12 in the village of Alexandria Bay in Jefferson County. NY 26 serves three cities along its routing; one directly (Rome) and two via other roadways (Binghamton via NY 17 and Watertown via NY 3).",
"psg_id": "7606837"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York at Cobleskill",
"text": "State University of New York at Cobleskill State University of New York College of Agriculture and Technology at Cobleskill, also known as SUNY Cobleskill, is a comprehensive college offering degrees in agriculture and technology; business and computer technology; culinary arts, hospitality and tourism; early childhood; and liberal arts and sciences. The school began as the Schoharie State School of Agriculture in 1911 and joined the SUNY system in 1916. The college is located in Schoharie County, New York, United States and offers 41 associate's degree programs and 15 bachelor's degree programs. SUNY Cobleskill is accredited by the Middle States Association",
"psg_id": "2913716"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 94",
"text": "New York State Route 94 New York State Route 94 (NY 94) is a state highway entirely within Orange County in southern New York. The western terminus is at the New York–New Jersey state line, where it continues as New Jersey's Route 94 for another to Columbia, New Jersey. Its eastern terminus is located at U.S. Route 9W (US 9W) in New Windsor. From Warwick to Florida, NY 94 is concurrent with NY 17A. The entirety of NY 94 is known as the 94th Infantry Division Memorial Highway. NY 94 was originally designated as NY 45 in 1930. It was",
"psg_id": "7055528"
},
{
"title": "New York (state)",
"text": "\"I Love New York\" (stylized \"I ❤ NY\") is a slogan, a logo and a song that are the basis of an advertising campaign and has been used since 1977 to promote tourism in the state of New York, including New York City. The trademarked logo is owned by New York State Empire State Development. The Broadway League reported that Broadway shows sold approximately US$1.27 billion worth of tickets in the 2013–2014 season, an 11.4% increase from US$1.139 billion in the 2012–2013 season. Attendance in 2013–2014 stood at 12.21 million, representing a 5.5% increase from the 2012–2013 season's 11.57 million.",
"psg_id": "9238089"
},
{
"title": "History of the New York State College of Forestry",
"text": "forest conservation. The institution has continued to evolve and is now part of the State University of New York (SUNY) system, while still closely related and immediately adjacent to Syracuse University. Today, the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, or SUNY-ESF, is a doctoral degree-granting institution based in Syracuse, New York, with facilities and forest properties in several additional locations in upstate New York and Costa Rica; it commemorated its centennial anniversary in 2011. The New York State College of Forestry, the first professional school of forestry in North America, was founded at Cornell University",
"psg_id": "13931577"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 284",
"text": "New York State Route 284 New York State Route 284 (NY 284) is a north–south state highway located entirely within Orange County, New York, in the United States. It begins just south of the village of Unionville at the New Jersey state line in the town of Minisink, where it connects to that state's Route 284. From Unionville, the route heads through rural parts of Orange County for just over to an intersection with U.S. Route 6 (US 6) in the hamlet of Slate Hill, located southwest of the city of Middletown in the town of Wawayanda. The highway has",
"psg_id": "7405038"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 320",
"text": "597, which was designated NY 320. The route's alignment has not been substantially altered since that time. New York State Route 320 New York State Route 320 (NY 320) is an east–west state highway located within Chenango County in the central part of New York in the United States. It extends for from an intersection with NY 12 north of the city of Norwich to a junction with Tiffany Road in the town of North Norwich. The road shifts from state to county maintenance at the latter junction, and NY 320's right-of-way continues northeast from Tiffany Road as County Route",
"psg_id": "9130147"
},
{
"title": "Empire State Building",
"text": "loan. The land was then resold to Empire State Inc., a group of wealthy investors that included Louis G. Kaufman, Ellis P. Earle, John J. Raskob, Coleman du Pont, and Pierre S. du Pont. The name came from the state nickname for New York. Alfred E. Smith, a former Governor of New York and U.S. presidential candidate whose 1928 campaign had been managed by Raskob, was appointed head of the company. The group also purchased nearby land so they would have the needed for the tower's base, with the combined plot measuring wide by long. The Empire State Inc. consortium",
"psg_id": "122672"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 344",
"text": "New York State Route 344 New York State Route 344 (NY 344) is a state highway located in Columbia County, New York, in the United States. The route is in length and serves primarily as an access road to the Bash Bish Falls state parks on both sides of the New York–Massachusetts border. The western terminus of NY 344 is at NY 22 in Copake Falls. Its eastern terminus is at the Massachusetts state line, where it continues into Bash Bish Falls State Park as Falls Road, a locally maintained highway. NY 344 was assigned and extended to its current",
"psg_id": "7308436"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 436",
"text": "New York State Route 436 New York State Route 436 (NY 436) is an east–west state highway located in the western portion of New York in the United States. It extends for from an intersection with NY 39 in the Pike hamlet of Lamont to a junction with NY 36 in the village of Dansville. In between, the route passes through Letchworth State Park near its southern tip and serves the village of Nunda, where it meets NY 408. NY 436 also passes through the hamlet of Portageville, located at the southern end of Letchworth State Park on NY 19A,",
"psg_id": "7799596"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 105",
"text": "A total of of highway were rebuilt as part of the $81,000 project (equivalent to $ in 2019), including the state-maintained section of modern NY 102. The reconstructed roads were added to the state highway system on November 2, 1908, as unsigned State Highway 437 (SH 437). Both parts of SH 437 received posted route numbers in the early 1930s, with the Jerusalem Avenue segment becoming part of NY 105 . NY 105's alignment has not been altered since. New York State Route 105 New York State Route 105 (NY 105) is a state highway located within Nassau County, New",
"psg_id": "7691286"
},
{
"title": "New York State College of Forestry at Cornell",
"text": "Chancellor broke off in a fury and left the room,\"before he had adduced a single coherent argument.\" Dean Bailey, later put up a picture of Chancellor Day, in his office, with the subscription: \"Founder of the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell.\" The announcement of the final passage and signing of the bill, in Albany, creating the New York State College of Agriculture at Cornell was met with bonfires and the pealing of church bells in Ithaca. However, the price for this new state support at Cornell was the sacrifice of the New York State College of Forestry",
"psg_id": "13772344"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 5S",
"text": "New York State Route 5S New York State Route 5S (NY 5S) is an east–west state highway located in the Mohawk Valley of New York in the United States. It extends for from an interchange with NY 5, NY 5A, NY 8, and NY 12 in Utica to a smaller interchange with NY 890 in Rotterdam. The route runs along the south side of the Mohawk River for its entire length and parallels NY 5, which runs along the north side of the Mohawk River (hence the \"S\" in the route number of NY 5S). In some locations, NY 5S",
"psg_id": "8159557"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 408",
"text": "1983, when ownership and maintenance of the road was transferred to Livingston County as part of a highway maintenance swap between the two levels of government. It was subsequently designated as CR 24A. New York State Route 408 New York State Route 408 (NY 408) is a state highway located entirely within Livingston County, New York, in the United States. It runs north–south from an intersection with NY 70 near the hamlet of Dalton in the town of Nunda to a junction with NY 63 in the town of Groveland near NY 408's exit with Interstate 390 (I-390). Most of",
"psg_id": "7872926"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 216",
"text": "terminus in Poughquag. As part of the truncation, NY 216's former alignment from West Pawling to Patterson was renumbered to NY 292 while the east–west roadway through Towners became NY 164. New York State Route 216 New York State Route 216 (NY 216) is a short state highway located entirely in Dutchess County, New York, in the United States. At in length, it connects NY 52 and NY 55 between the hamlets of Stormville (within the town of East Fishkill) at the east end and Poughquag (within the town of Beekman) at the west. The route serves the hamlet of",
"psg_id": "7522310"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 22A",
"text": "New York State Route 22A New York State Route 22A (NY 22A) is a short north–south state highway located within Washington County, New York, in the United States. The route extends for from an intersection with NY 22 in the town of Granville to the Vermont state line in the town of Hampton, where it becomes Vermont Route 22A (VT 22A). NY 22A was originally designated as New York State Route 286 in the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York. It was renumbered to its current designation in the early 1940s. NY 22A begins at an intersection with",
"psg_id": "8003516"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 91",
"text": "New York State Route 91 New York State Route 91 (NY 91) is a north–south state highway in Central New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is located at an intersection with NY 13 in the Cortland County town of Truxton. Its northern terminus is located at a junction with NY 173 in the Onondaga County hamlet of Jamesville. In between, NY 91 serves the village of Fabius and the hamlet of Pompey, where it meets NY 80 and U.S. Route 20 (US 20), respectively. NY 91 originally extended as far south as Cincinnatus and",
"psg_id": "7983559"
},
{
"title": "New York State College of Forestry at Cornell",
"text": "single largest gift to the Ithaca campus from an individual, and according to the \"Ithaca Journal\" (10/28/2010), the largest gift ever given to a university for sustainability research and faculty support. New York State College of Forestry at Cornell The New York State College of Forestry at Cornell was a statutory college established in 1898 at Cornell University to teach scientific forestry. The first four-year college of forestry in the country, it was defunded by the State of New York in 1903, over controversies involving the college's forestry practices in the Adirondacks. Forestry studies continued at Cornell even after the",
"psg_id": "13772357"
},
{
"title": "History of the New York State College of Forestry",
"text": "History of the New York State College of Forestry The New York State College of Forestry, the first professional school of forestry in North America, opened its doors at Cornell University, in Ithaca, New York, in the autumn of 1898. After just a few years of operation, it was defunded in 1903, by Governor Benjamin B. Odell, in response to public outcry over the College's controversial forestry practices in the Adirondacks. Less than a decade later, in 1911, the New York State College of Forestry was reestablished at Syracuse University by the New York State Legislature, with a mandate for",
"psg_id": "13931576"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 199",
"text": "a reference route for just over two decades. On April 1, 1980, ownership and maintenance of the highway, named Barrytown Road, was transferred from the state of New York to Dutchess County as part of a highway maintenance swap between the two levels of government. Barrytown Road is now designated as CR 82. New York State Route 199 New York State Route199 (NY199) is a state highway located in the Hudson Valley of the U.S. state of New York. Its western end is in Ulster County, where it begins as the continuation of the short U.S. Route 209 expressway east",
"psg_id": "5141335"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 635",
"text": "of New York as part of a highway maintenance swap between the county and the state. This piece of CR 13, as well as a previously state-maintained roadway from NY 290 south to NY 5, was designated NY 635. New York State Route 635 New York State Route 635 (NY 635) is a state highway located in the vicinity of Syracuse in Onondaga County, New York, in the United States. It extends for along Thompson Road from an intersection with Erie Boulevard (NY 5) in Syracuse to Carrier Circle in DeWitt, where NY 635 connects to both the New York",
"psg_id": "7975942"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 2",
"text": "New York State Route 2 New York State Route 2 (NY 2) is a state highway in the Capital District of New York in the United States. It extends for from an interchange with Interstate 87 (I-87) and NY 7 in the town of Colonie to the Massachusetts state line in Petersburgh, where it continues to Boston as Massachusetts Route 2. The route passes through the cities of Watervliet and Troy, where it connects to NY 32 and U.S. Route 4, respectively. In Grafton, located midway between Troy and Massachusetts, NY 2 serves Grafton Lakes State Park. Most of the",
"psg_id": "3180906"
},
{
"title": "New York State Archives",
"text": "New York State Archives The New York State Archives is a unit of the Office of Cultural Education within the New York State Education Department, with its main facility located in the Cultural Education Center on Madison Avenue in Albany, New York, United States. The New York State Library and the New York State Museum are also located in the Cultural Education Center. The New York State Archives was established in 1971 to preserve and make accessible recorded evidence documenting New York State's history, governments, events, and peoples from the 17th century to the present. Full operations began in 1978",
"psg_id": "13010620"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 104B",
"text": "New York State Route 104B New York State Route 104B (NY 104B) is a east–west state highway located in central Oswego County, New York, in the United States. This highway provides a connection between NY 104, the principal highway along the southern shore of Lake Ontario, in New Haven and NY 3, the principal highway along the eastern shore of Lake Ontario, in the town of Mexico. It passes through mostly rural areas and acts as a two-lane bypass of the village of Mexico, located where NY 3 and NY 104 intersect southeast of NY 104B. All of NY 104B",
"psg_id": "8785068"
},
{
"title": "The Empire Hotel (New York City)",
"text": "The Empire Hotel (New York City) The Empire Hotel is a boutique hotel located along West 63rd Street (at Broadway), in the New York City borough of Manhattan. In 1889, a seven-story building rose from the ground that would later become The Empire Hotel. Herbert DuPuy purchased this building in 1908. In 1922, DuPuy decided to tear the original structure down and build a 15-story building. On December 5, 1923, The Empire Hotel opened with its iconic red neon signage reading \"Hotel Empire\" erected on the rooftop. Room pricing was vastly in contrast to current numbers. Room rates in 1935:",
"psg_id": "17709021"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 400",
"text": "New York State Route 400 New York State Route 400 (NY 400) is a state highway located within Erie County, New York, in the United States. The northwest end is connected to the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90 or I-90) and the southeast end terminates at NY 16 in the town of Aurora. NY 400, a limited-access highway known as the Aurora Expressway, roughly parallels NY 16 between the two locations. It is most commonly used to carry traffic from Buffalo to the village of East Aurora, where Fisher-Price and Moog, Inc are headquartered. It is a busy commuter",
"psg_id": "7531086"
},
{
"title": "State University of New York at Canton",
"text": "State University of New York at Canton The State University of New York at Canton (SUNY Canton) is a public, coeducational, residential college located in the Town of Canton in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. Its northern location places it close to the Adirondack Mountains, the St. Lawrence River, and major Canadian cities such as Ottawa and Montreal. The College works with the State University of New York Polytechnic Institute to offer students three master's degree programs. SUNY Canton's 14 athletic teams compete as members of the NCAA Division III and the USCAA. Founded in 1906 as the",
"psg_id": "2889481"
},
{
"title": "York College, City University of New York",
"text": "York College, City University of New York York College of The City University of New York is one of eleven senior colleges in the City University of New York (CUNY) system. It is located in Jamaica, Queens in New York City. Founded in 1966, York was the first senior college founded under the newly formed CUNY system, which united several previously independent public colleges into a single public university system in 1961. The college is a member-school of Thurgood Marshall College Fund. Today, with an enrollment of more than 8,000 students, York serves as one of CUNY's leading liberal arts",
"psg_id": "4682781"
},
{
"title": "York College, City University of New York",
"text": "liberal studies areas with a business curriculum. York competes as an NCAA Division III member of the City University of New York Athletic Conference. York College, City University of New York York College of The City University of New York is one of eleven senior colleges in the City University of New York (CUNY) system. It is located in Jamaica, Queens in New York City. Founded in 1966, York was the first senior college founded under the newly formed CUNY system, which united several previously independent public colleges into a single public university system in 1961. The college is a",
"psg_id": "4682799"
},
{
"title": "Concordia College (New York)",
"text": "Concordia College (New York) Concordia College is a four-year liberal arts college in Bronxville, New York. Concordia College is sponsored by the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod and is a member of the Concordia University System. It is chartered by the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York to offer associate, bachelor, and master's degrees. Concordia, founded in 1881 as Concordia Progymnasium, received its original charter from the State Regents in 1936. From 1918 to 1969, it was named Concordia Collegiate Institute; in 1969, the preparatory school was closed and the present name of the college was",
"psg_id": "3619835"
},
{
"title": "Empire State Building",
"text": "Seven Wonders of the Modern World by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The Empire State Building and its ground-floor interior have been designated as a city landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, and were confirmed as such by the New York City Board of Estimate. It was also designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986, and was ranked number one on the American Institute of Architects' List of America's Favorite Architecture in 2007. The Empire State Building is located on the west side of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, between 33rd and 34th Streets. The tenants' main",
"psg_id": "122665"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 12D",
"text": "New York State Route 12D New York State Route 12D (NY 12D) is a north–south state highway located in the northern part of New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is in the Oneida County village of Boonville, where it intersects NY 12. The northern terminus is at a junction with NY 12 in the Lewis County village of Lyons Falls. NY 46 and NY 294 are also present in the immediate area of the route's southern terminus. NY 12D was originally assigned as part of the 1930 renumbering of state highways in New York",
"psg_id": "7649535"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 48",
"text": "24 in Minetto. From there, it proceed west on what is now CR 24 and north on West Fifth Street (partly CR 25) to Oswego, where NY 48A reconnected to its parent by way of Niagara Street. The designation was removed . New York State Route 48 New York State Route 48 (NY 48) is a north–south state highway in Central New York in the United States. The southern terminus of the route is located at Interstate 690 (I-690) exit 3 near the interchange between I-690 and the New York State Thruway (I-90) in Van Buren, northwest of Syracuse. The",
"psg_id": "5716800"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 34",
"text": "reference route. Lastly, in 1996, ten blocks of southbound NY 34 was diverted from Meadow Street to Fulton Street as part of the Octopus elimination project. NY 34 has had two suffixed routes; one has since been removed. New York State Route 34 New York State Route 34 (NY 34) is a north–south New York state route located in Central New York. Its southern terminus is at the Pennsylvania state line in the village of Waverly, where it connects to Pennsylvania Route 199 and meets NY 17. Its northern terminus is at NY 104, outside the village of Hannibal. The",
"psg_id": "5672166"
},
{
"title": "History of the New York State College of Forestry",
"text": "and pulp & paper majors at the latter. With the formation of the State University of New York (SUNY) in 1948, the State College of Forestry became a specialized college within the multi-campus SUNY system. The college's name was changed to State University College of Forestry at Syracuse University. In 1972, with burgeoning public interest in environmental education, the College's name was changed again, to the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF). Today, the college retains a close relationship with Syracuse University, but is autonomous, unlike some other state-supported colleges at private institutions in",
"psg_id": "13931598"
},
{
"title": "New York State Route 136",
"text": "New York State Route 136 New York State Route 136 (NY 136) is a state highway within the town of North Greenbush in Rensselaer County, New York, in the United States. It begins at an intersection with U.S. Route 4 (US 4) just south of Troy and ends at a junction with NY 150 in the hamlet of Wynantskill. NY 136 provides access to Hudson Valley Community College, located in an otherwise residential area of suburban Troy. The route was assigned in the late 1930s as a connector between US 4 and Winter Street, then part of NY 40. NY",
"psg_id": "9162223"
}
] | [
"saratoga springs, new york",
"saratoga springs",
"saratoga springs, ny",
"un/locode:ussga",
"saratoga springs (ny)",
"maple avenue middle school"
] |
in which country was the zoo bridge constructed? | [
{
"title": "Duisburg Zoo",
"text": "Duisburg Zoo The Duisburg Zoo, founded on 12 May 1934, is one of the largest zoological gardens in Germany. It is especially well known for its dolphinarium and, since 1994, for breeding koalas. Far less well known are the breeding successes in other areas, for example, with fossas (carnivorous mammals from Madagascar) and red river hogs. The zoo is located in the northern part of the Duisburg urban forest on the border with Mülheim on the Ruhr. Federal highway A 3 divides the zoo into western and an eastern parts, which are joined by a leafy country bridge. The highway",
"psg_id": "8557032"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)",
"text": "and raises the chill bumps at every turn.\" \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) debuted at number 61 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks for the week of February 4, 1995. Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in January 1995 as the fourth single from the album \"When Love Finds You\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by",
"psg_id": "14847545"
},
{
"title": "Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)",
"text": "Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn) \"Which Bridge to Cross (Which Bridge to Burn)\" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music artist Vince Gill. It was released in January 1995 as the fourth single from the album \"When Love Finds You\". The song reached number 4 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. It was written by Gill and Bill Anderson. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably calling it a \"classic slow country waltz.\" She goes on to say that the song \"makes optimum use of those classic changes",
"psg_id": "14847544"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa Zoo",
"text": "as \"America's Favorite Zoo\" by Microsoft Game Studios and was granted $25,000 in a contest designed to promote the Zoo Tycoon 2 computer game. The contest counted votes from zoo visitors across the country for many of America's top zoos, including the San Diego Zoo and the Bronx Zoo. The Robert J. LaFortune WildLIFE Trek is a four-building complex, formerly the North American Living Museum, and is the recipient of many awards, including best new exhibit when it was constructed in 1978. As of spring 2013 each building focuses on animals from around the world and their adaptations to life",
"psg_id": "4783217"
},
{
"title": "Bridge River Country",
"text": "News, which served the town and environs of Lillooet as well as the mining towns of the upper Bridge River. Bridge River Country The Bridge River Country is a historic geographic region and mining district in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, lying between the Fraser Canyon and the valley of the Lillooet River, south of the Chilcotin Plateau and north of the Lillooet Ranges. \"The Bridge River\" can mean the Bridge River Country as opposed to the Bridge River itself, and is considered to be part of the Lillooet Country, but has a distinct history and identity within the",
"psg_id": "10088672"
},
{
"title": "Bridge River Country",
"text": "refer to the Bridge River as the \"West Cariboo\" but this never caught on. Though essentially consisting of the basin of the Bridge River and its tributaries, the Bridge River Country includes the communities of D'Arcy, McGillivray Falls, Seton Portage and Shalalth, which lie in the valley of Seton and Anderson Lakes and the Gates River just to the south, are also considered to be part of the Bridge River Country, and also simultaneously of the Lillooet Country. After the 1930s the term \"Bridge River-Lillooet\" came into currency as a result of the chosen masthead of the fledgling Bridge River-Lillooet",
"psg_id": "10088671"
},
{
"title": "The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore",
"text": "105-foot bridge through parts and scenery of the Zoo, remembering the heritage of the old Baltimore and Ohio Railroad in the city and state, with its long-time decorated colors of blue and gray colors on the locomotive and cars of the old historic road, first railroad built in America since 1827. There has been a zoo train for many years, though the equipment and route has changed several times. The current zoo train from 2010 is pulled by a bright red new detailed scale replica of the 1863-era \"C. P. Huntington\" locomotive, named for a famous railroading tycoon and magnate",
"psg_id": "4154384"
},
{
"title": "Central Park Zoo",
"text": "on display included a bear and some swans. In 1864, a formal zoo received charter confirmation from New York's assembly, making it the United States' second publicly owned zoo, after the Philadelphia Zoo, which was founded in 1859. The zoo was given permanent quarters behind the Arsenal building in 1875. In 1934, to properly house the zoo, neo-Georgian brick and limestone buildings arranged in a quadrangle around the sea lion pool were designed by Aymar Embury II, architect for the Triborough Bridge and the Henry Hudson Bridge. The sea lion pool was originally designed by Charles Schmieder. For its day,",
"psg_id": "4154420"
},
{
"title": "Adelaide Zoo",
"text": "Adelaide Zoo Adelaide Zoo is Australia's second oldest zoo (after Melbourne Zoo), and like other leading zoos in Australia, including Melbourne Zoo, Taronga Zoo, and Perth Zoo it is operated on a non-profit basis. It is located in the parklands just north of the city centre of Adelaide, South Australia. It is administered by the Royal Zoological Society of South Australia Incorporated (trading as Zoos SA) which is a full institutional member of the Zoo and Aquarium Association (ZAA) and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). and which also administers the Monarto Zoo near Murray Bridge. The zoo",
"psg_id": "5260354"
},
{
"title": "Toledo Zoo",
"text": "WPA built aquarium building, which was estimated to take 7 years. In 2010, the Toledo Zoo made more environmental changes with the creation of a SolarWalk, which consisted of a 1400 foot walk way constructed with solar panels to help with the energy needs at the Toledo Zoo. In 2012, their current director came on board, Jeff Sailer. 2014, was an important year at the zoo, with the opening of penguin beach, flamingo key, and other exhibits. It was also the last year it would be known as the Toledo Zoo. 2015, the Toledo Zoo finished the Aquarium project, and",
"psg_id": "9133460"
},
{
"title": "Jaipur Zoo",
"text": "Jaipur Zoo Jaipur Zoo is in the city of Jaipur in Rajasthan state in India. The zoo was opened in 1877 and is located near to the Albert Hall Museum and Ram Nivas Garden. It is divided into two parts: one for mammals and other for birds and reptiles. Nearly 50 species of different birds and animals from all over the world can be seen here. In year 1999, the ghariyal breeding farm is established which is fourth largest breeding farm in India. A museum was also constructed inside the zoo which exhibits the wildlife of Rajasthan. The Jaipur Zoo",
"psg_id": "14700376"
},
{
"title": "Memphis Zoo",
"text": "Hall, the Memphis Zoo's first building, was finished in 1907. It was named in honor of Col. Galloway, but was later demolished to make room for newer exhibits. The Carnivora Building was constructed in 1909 to house the first cats at the zoo. It was later replaced by \"Cat Country\", and converted into an inner-zoo restaurant. The Elephant House opened in 1910. The building is still used as the main building of the zoo's educational department, but the elephants were moved to the \"African Veldt\" exhibit. In 1916, the Botanical Display Building opened. It was later converted into the Tropical",
"psg_id": "4188473"
},
{
"title": "Reid Park Zoo",
"text": "changed. Friends of Randolph Zoo Society, Inc. was incorporated as the Tucson Zoological Society. 1979: The health center and administration offices were constructed and opened. 1981: An entrance, gift shop, and snack bar were constructed at the north end of the zoo. The zoo’s size increased to 17 acres with acquisition of more land. 1982: The current snack bar was built and became operational. The waterfowl exhibit was constructed and opened in September. The former entrance/gift shop building on the south side of the zoo was remodeled into the zoo school and docent headquarters. 1983: The lion exhibit was constructed",
"psg_id": "8528013"
},
{
"title": "Roosevelt Park Zoo",
"text": "Roosevelt Park Zoo The Roosevelt Park Zoo is a zoo in Minot, North Dakota. It opened in 1921 and the first animal exhibition featured the American Bison. In 1970, the zoo was separated from the city-owned Roosevelt Park and the Greater Minot Zoological Society was created to operate the zoo, it is the oldest zoo in North Dakota. The zoo is open May through September. The flood of 1969 caused every bird and animal to be moved from the zoo, which led to the redesign of the zoo grounds. A foot bridge, a feline house, and a new bear den",
"psg_id": "7250009"
},
{
"title": "Columbian Park Zoo",
"text": "Columbian Park Zoo The Columbian Park Zoo is a zoo located in Lafayette, Indiana at Columbian Park. The zoo is home to more than 190 animals from over 90 species. The zoo is in Columbian Park, which also includes playgrounds, picnic areas, a walking trail, and a baseball stadium. Admission to the zoo is free. The Columbian Park Zoo was founded in 1908 and originally contained foxes, skunks, pelicans, deer, lynx, prairie dogs, and a wolf. Improvements to the zoo were made in 1928, when the main animal house was constructed and the zoo purchased an elephant with funds raised",
"psg_id": "16486332"
},
{
"title": "Memphis Zoo",
"text": "\"Herpetarium\" was constructed in 1960, located across from the Tropical Bird House. The Herpetarium is home to the zoo's snakes, alligators, lizards and frogs. Later in the year, the Pachyderm/Elephant exhibit was finished, and the elephants moved in from the old elephant house. The zoo renovated its entrance in 1990. \"Cat Country\", a , open-air exhibit focused on both predators and prey of the cat world, opened in 1993. Tigers and lions share common space with fennec foxes and meerkats. An Education Complex, Discovery Center, and the Elephant's Trunk Zoo Shop also opened at this time. The Carnivora Building that",
"psg_id": "4188475"
},
{
"title": "Honolulu Zoo",
"text": "collection, increased by purchase, trade and donations, was housed in newly constructed facilities, some of which still provide foundations for newer exhibits. The facility designs were influenced by the exhibits of the San Diego Zoo in California. The Honolulu Zoo experienced another revival of enthusiasm in the 1990s as the exhibits were redesigned to feature more natural settings for the animals on display. Honolulu Zoo The Honolulu Zoo is a zoo located in Queen Kapiʻolani Park in Honolulu, Hawaii, US. It is the only zoo in the United States to be established by grants made by a sovereign monarch, and",
"psg_id": "2244749"
},
{
"title": "Zoo Tower",
"text": "Soviet tanks crossing the bridge, until the heavier anti aircraft guns from the Zoo tower could gain line of sight through the smoke. They destroyed the tanks and left the bridge covered in destroyed vehicles, which blocked further vehicles from crossing the bridge. The heavier 12.8 cm FlaK 40 anti aircraft guns obliterated Soviet armour, particularly when hitting it from the side. With thousands of civilians crammed into the facility, conditions in the Zoo tower towards the end were close to unbearable; it was crowded and had little water, and the air was hard to breathe. As the Soviet armies",
"psg_id": "16213444"
},
{
"title": "Saint Louis Zoo",
"text": "It continued with the opening of the Emerson Zooline Railroad in 1963, the Charles H. Yalem Children’s Zoo, and the animal nursery in 1969. In 1972, the zoo joined the Metropolitan Zoological Park and Museum District and began to receive revenue from a public property tax of 8 cents for every $100 assessed. This enabled continued improvements and upgrades of exhibit areas. Two major areas of the zoo, Big Cat Country and Jungle of the Apes, were constructed in 1976 and 1986, respectively. In 1989, the Living World, a two-story building including classrooms, a reference library and teacher resource center,",
"psg_id": "1518735"
},
{
"title": "Karachi Zoo",
"text": "'Karachi Zoological Gardens' or 'Karachi Zoo' for short. In 1953, Karachi Metropolitan Corporation introduced a zoo curator and a qualified veterinary doctor. In 1991-2 CDGK for remodelling of Natural History Museum, which was carried out. In 1992, the Japanese Princess inaugurated the remodeled Natural History Museum. Currently, total strength of Karachi Zoo is about 240 staff members. Karachi Municipal Aquarium was constructed in 1953. Located inside the Karachi Zoo, the aquarium has a total of 28 tanks which contain a total of around 300 fishes of about 30 species. It is one of the three public aquaria in Karachi, the",
"psg_id": "6817216"
},
{
"title": "Bridge River Country",
"text": "Bridge River Country The Bridge River Country is a historic geographic region and mining district in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada, lying between the Fraser Canyon and the valley of the Lillooet River, south of the Chilcotin Plateau and north of the Lillooet Ranges. \"The Bridge River\" can mean the Bridge River Country as opposed to the Bridge River itself, and is considered to be part of the Lillooet Country, but has a distinct history and identity within the larger region. As Lillooet is sometimes considered to be the southwest limit of the Cariboo, some efforts were made to",
"psg_id": "10088670"
},
{
"title": "Topeka Zoo",
"text": "the city of Topeka in 1899 to use for a public park. Over the years, the park has accumulated playgrounds, a swimming pool, a fishing lake, a mini train, a rose garden, and a carousel. The zoo was opened in the park in 1933. Additional exhibits were constructed over the years, and in 1963 the city hired its first zoo director, Gary K. Clarke. The first major facility at the zoo was constructed in 1966 to house large mammals. Clarke went on to get many of the current exhibits constructed, including Gorilla Encounter (1985), the temporary Koala Exhibit (1986), Lions",
"psg_id": "6352939"
},
{
"title": "Girard Avenue Bridge",
"text": "Girard Avenue Bridge The Girard Avenue Bridge is an automobile and trolley bridge in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that carries Girard Avenue (U.S. Route 13) over the Schuylkill River. It connects the east and west sections of Fairmount Park, and the Brewerytown neighborhood with the Philadelphia Zoo. The current bridge is the third built on the site. The first Girard Avenue Bridge was built 1852-55. Rudolph Hering is credited with the design; it was constructed by Adolphus Bonzano, and cost $267,000. It carried Girard Avenue over the East River Drive, the Schuylkill River, the Schuylkill Canal, and the West River Drive. A",
"psg_id": "14495312"
},
{
"title": "Wrocław Zoo",
"text": "The programme ran for more than three decades on TVP Channel (ending in 2001) and contributed to turning the Wrocław Zoo into the most popular zoo in Poland. In 2006, Radosław Ratajszczak, previously working at the Poznań Zoo, became the new director of the zoo and initiated an extensive programme of investments. New pavillions and enclosures were built, including the ones for rhinoceroses, and lynxes. The Seal Centre was constructed as well as the Odrarium building. However, the biggest and most successful investment was the building of Africarium, an oceanarium specially designed to feature the fauna of Africa which opened",
"psg_id": "15058857"
},
{
"title": "Fulton Road Bridge",
"text": "Fulton Road Bridge The Fulton Road Bridge is the name of two bridges in Cleveland, Ohio, the original and its replacement. The bridge in the Old Brooklyn neighborhood spans the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Big Creek (a Cuyahoga River tributary that runs through the Cleveland Metroparks' Brookside Reservation), John Nagy Boulevard, and Norfolk Southern and CSX railroad tracks. The original bridge, constructed in 1932 and dedicated in mid-May of that year, was initially six lanes. Two lanes were later removed, making it into a four-lane bridge. Several years prior to demolition, two more lanes were closed to traffic, but not taken",
"psg_id": "10110140"
},
{
"title": "Giza Zoo",
"text": "bridge designed by Gustave Eiffel that lets visitors view the animals from above. This bridge may have been the first elevated viewing area at any zoo in the world. There is a reptile house and taxidermist's building on site. As part of the upgrades to help the zoo recover its membership in WAZA, in 2008 the bear exhibit was outfitted with fans and misters to help cool the bears. There are plans to run chilled water through the floors to make the bears more comfortable. Giza Zoo The Giza Zoo is a zoological garden in Giza, Egypt. It is one",
"psg_id": "10368942"
},
{
"title": "The Old Zoo",
"text": "The Old Zoo The Old Zoo is a modern country house in Brockhall Village, Lancashire, England, south-west of Clitheroe. It was finished in 2000 on the site of the old petting zoo of Brockhall Hospital. It was designed through a competition held by RIBA. The house was commissioned by property tycoon Gerald Hitman in 1997, and the winning design chosen out of over 120 entries was by Homa and Sima Farjadi. The New York Museum of Modern Art named The Old Zoo as one of 26 examples of the finest present-day house design worldwide in 1999. It has of gardens.",
"psg_id": "13785899"
},
{
"title": "Cincinnati Zoo Historic Structures",
"text": "a sense of contemporary India. This concrete structure measures in length and height respectively. In building such a structure, the zoo followed the pattern of many other zoos, which constructed animal houses in the styles of the countries whence the animals came, but the Elephant House was one of the last zoo buildings in the United States constructed with such a philosophy. Designed by architects Elzner and Anderson, it was placed atop the zoo's highest hill. Its original cost was $50,000, and in later years the zoo has expended further money on renovations. Originally built as the Monkey House, the",
"psg_id": "10560129"
},
{
"title": "Chhatbir Zoo",
"text": "Chhatbir Zoo Chhatbir Zoo (formally Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park), is a zoological park situated close to Zirakpur, India. The zoo was constructed in the 1970s and is home to a large variety of birds, mammals and reptiles. The zoo was inaugurated on 13 April 1977 by the then governor of Punjab Mahendra Mohan Choudhury and it was christened as Mahendra Chaudhury Zoological Park. Initially the zoo was populated by a small number of animals brought from Guwahati Zoo, Assam and it soon became the largest zoo in Northern punjab India . Lying on the Chandigarh-Zirakpur-Patiala route, this zoo is located",
"psg_id": "11854854"
},
{
"title": "Manila Zoo",
"text": "to many plant collections, from the botanically rich and diverse Philippine Islands and South Pacific region. The Kinder Zoo within Manila Zoo was a result of a private-public partnership between Kinder Zoo, Inc. and the city government. Kinder Zoo, Inc. redeveloped of the zoo into an area named Kinder Zoo. The area was designed as a child-friendly area where children can interact with some animals of the zoo. The area featured a butterfly sanctuary, a hanging bridge, a flamingo pond, a barn for events, and a petting zoo upon its opening on June 23, 2000. The Manila Zoo by law",
"psg_id": "11474437"
},
{
"title": "Fulton Road Bridge",
"text": "were \"beyond reasonable and not fair to merchants\" many of whom had gone out of business due to rerouted traffic. Fulton Road Bridge The Fulton Road Bridge is the name of two bridges in Cleveland, Ohio, the original and its replacement. The bridge in the Old Brooklyn neighborhood spans the Cleveland Metroparks Zoo, Big Creek (a Cuyahoga River tributary that runs through the Cleveland Metroparks' Brookside Reservation), John Nagy Boulevard, and Norfolk Southern and CSX railroad tracks. The original bridge, constructed in 1932 and dedicated in mid-May of that year, was initially six lanes. Two lanes were later removed, making",
"psg_id": "10110145"
},
{
"title": "Copenhagen Zoo",
"text": "zoo had a human display with 25 Indians- men, women and children- in an exhibition where the \"brown exotic\" people went about their daily lives in palm tree leaf huts constructed in the middle of the zoo. One of the most notable animals kept there was a male slow worm that lived there from 1892 to 1946 (for 54 years, which is a record among lizards). Starting in the early 1980s, Copenhagen Zoo has been undergoing a renovations aimed at replacing cages with enclosures which recreate animals' natural environments, giving a better lifestyle to the animals, and a more realistic",
"psg_id": "4045889"
},
{
"title": "Reid Park Zoo",
"text": "combination entrance/gift shop was constructed on the south border of the zoo. 1976: The rhino exhibit was built, and Macaw Island was constructed. Friends of Gene Reid became Friends of Randolph Zoo Society, Inc. 1977: The African Veldt (zebra/ostrich area) exhibit was built and animals were purchased for it. The first and second classes of docents (volunteers) were organized and trained. 1978: The Asian Grasslands exhibit was constructed and opened. The zoo’s size expanded to 15 acres with the purchase of 2 acres on the east side. The zoo’s name was changed to Reid Park Zoo when the park’s name",
"psg_id": "8528012"
},
{
"title": "Potter Park Zoo",
"text": "2010), was constructed by the Works Progress Administration in 1936. The aviary was constructed in 1941, with renovations completed in 1982. The barnyard and petting zoo were added in 1949. The zoo's first African lion, \"Pete\", who lived there for twenty years, died in 1947. The zoo's Bengal tiger, \"Bobo\", died in 1949. By the 1950s, Potter Park Zoo had 138 mammals and 267 birds. Among these were several monkey species, including rhesus, ringtail, spider, and African green monkeys. One of the most popular animals at the zoo during this time was \"Herman\", a Mexican burro, whom the zoo acquired",
"psg_id": "8353855"
},
{
"title": "Red Rock Bridge",
"text": "In 1890, the railroad hired the Phoenix Iron Company to build a new bridge, one of the first steel bridges in the country. The cost was nearly $500,000 which was considered very expensive at the time. The bridge was a single-track cantilever through-truss bridge. The bridge had a center suspended span of , a clearance of above the high water level of the river, and contained 750 tons of steel. It was designed by John Alexander Low Waddell and was built in eighty days under Wadell's supervision. When constructed, it was the largest cantilever bridge in the country. The bridge",
"psg_id": "20122775"
},
{
"title": "Fresno Chaffee Zoo",
"text": "which extended the lifespans of the animals. In 1967, the large bird of prey exhibit was constructed, and in 1968, a master plan for future development was drafted. The zoo's area expanded by a third, and new exhibits featuring bison, elk, and prairie dogs were added. In 1976, in honor of the American Bicentennial Celebration, the park's grizzly bear facility was expanded. In 1978, the Park Zoo Trust Fund (distinct from the Zoo Admissions Trust Fund) was established to make sure a portion of concession sales were used to improve the zoo. This freed the zoo from having to approve",
"psg_id": "7205486"
},
{
"title": "Pinnawala Open Zoo",
"text": "Pinnawala Open Zoo Pinnawala Open Zoo (also called Pinnawala Zoo) is a zoological garden in Pinnawala, Sri Lanka, which is situated closer to the Pinnawala Elephant Orphanage. The zoo was opened for public on 17 April 2015. This is the first open-air zoo in Sri Lanka and second zoo in Sri Lanka after Dehiwala zoo. The zoo was opened for the visitors free of charge from 17 – 30 of April 2015. Sri Lanka has a rich diversity of animals across the country. Basically, the Dehiwala zoo provides all the facilities for many animals all over the world and due",
"psg_id": "18728011"
},
{
"title": "Zoo Lake",
"text": "art exhibition. The precinct includes the Zoo Lake Bowling Club, the Zoo Lake Swimming Pool and the Zoo Lake Sports Club, and it is close to the South African National Museum of Military History. Zoo Lake Zoo Lake is a popular lake and public park in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is part of the \"Hermann Eckstein Park\" and is opposite the Johannesburg Zoo. The Zoo Lake consists of two dams, an upper feeder dam, and a larger lower dam, both constructed in natural marshland watered by the Parktown Spruit. The land was originally part of the Braamfontein farm, and was",
"psg_id": "13434972"
},
{
"title": "Lake Superior Zoo",
"text": "school children raised money to buy two lion cubs. A bridge was built over Kingsbury Creek, which runs through the zoo. The zoo went through some difficult years during the Great Depression but eventually managed to build an elephant house. After some very successful years it acquired more animals more native to the area. Bessie, the elephant, was one of the zoo's first star attractions. She came to the zoo at the age of 12 in 1937 when the elephant house opened. The zoo's website states: Before perimeter fencing was installed around the zoo, Bessie would often wander off the",
"psg_id": "18961344"
},
{
"title": "Baku Zoo",
"text": "for a young lion, which was sent from Baku to the capital of Belarus at the end of 2007. In 2010, constructional works began in the territories belonging to the zoo and in the result of this construction of a new railway station for children was totally reconstructed. Issue about resettlement of the zoo was put on the agenda again. Since 2000s, animal welfare organizations had concerns about conditions and public safety. According to order of Ilham Aliyev – the President of Azerbaijan, a new zoo with unique and rare kinds of flora and fauna will be constructed in Ceyranbatan",
"psg_id": "16284415"
},
{
"title": "The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore",
"text": "comfortably with their older style of iron-barred cages and stone walls, and in addition, the Reptile House which is located some distance away from the main zoo in an adjacent section of the Park was closed. The reptiles, as well as gibbons, tigers, and snow leopards, were sent to other zoos and aquariums. By 2008, Baltimore's Maryland Zoo was featured in \"\"America's Best Zoos 2008.\"\" The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore has been always active in many conservation programs, notably \"Polar Bears International,\" \"Project Golden Frog,\" and their work with African black-footed penguins; it is the American zoo that has bred",
"psg_id": "4154379"
},
{
"title": "Lahore Zoo",
"text": "the zoo, currently the zoo is home to more than 20 lions. The third, and final, building is home to the zoo's family of black bears. The zoo's resident black bear pair has given birth to two litters of two cubs, born in 2009 and 2011, all of which currently reside at the zoo. This is the only enclosure in the lion house that does not have indoor viewing for visitors. Constructed in 1972 at a cost of 500,000 rupees, this is one of the most popular attractions of the zoo. It consists of three large indoor rooms each with",
"psg_id": "3260956"
},
{
"title": "Thrissur Zoo",
"text": "for a fee. The zoo includes a Zoological Garden, Botanical Garden, Art Museum, and Natural History Museum in its compound. Wildlife at the Thrissur zoo includes tigers, lions, deers, sloth bears, monkeys, hippopotamus, camels, cobras, kraits, vipers, rat snakes, pink flamingos, mithun of the north-eastern hills, and lion-tailed macaques. There is also a special building which houses snakes. Two beautiful niches with majestic seating are arranged for senior citizens who can take rest while their children and grandchildren enjoy the sprawling zoo campus. A new home for the zoo is being constructed in nearby Puthur, and will expand the size",
"psg_id": "14268962"
},
{
"title": "Islamabad Zoo",
"text": "Islamabad Zoo Islamabad Zoo (), previously Marghazar Zoo, is an zoo in Islamabad Capital Territory. It was opened in 1978, and is under the administration of Capital Development Authority of Pakistan. The zoo started in 1978 as a refuge for leopards, spotted deer, and Indian gazelle found in the region, and is administered by Capital Development Authority of Pakistan. Located in the feet of Margalla hill. It soon gained popularity and became a part of the Japanese garden. An aviary was later constructed. The Capital Development Authority devised a plan in August 2008 to upgrade and extend the zoo as",
"psg_id": "14618564"
},
{
"title": "Johnston Street Bridge",
"text": "Johnston Street Bridge Johnston Street Bridge is a concrete road bridge crossing the Yarra River in Collingwood, a suburb in Melbourne, Victoria. The current bridge was constructed in 1954-6 by the Victorian Country Roads Board (CRB) using a design employing cast-in-place reinforced-concrete curved Tgirders and an integral flat slab deck. The bridge was designed by Bruce A. Watson of the Country Roads Board. Watson went on to become later to become the CRB Chief Bridge Engineer. The early 1837 survey for the Melbourne township established a preferred route to the east of the Yarra River along Johnston Street, which was",
"psg_id": "18408887"
},
{
"title": "Gulf Breeze Zoo",
"text": "Gulf Breeze Zoo The Gulf Breeze Zoo (originally The Zoo Northwest Florida) is a zoo located in Gulf Breeze, Florida. In 2004 Hurricane Ivan struck the area with devastating effect to the Zoo. The zoo closed temporarily on August 17, 2009, awaiting the decisions from the governments of Escambia and Santa Rosa counties to provide $125,000 each in funding. On August 20, 2009, city officials announced that the closure of the zoo would be permanent. In December 2009, the zoo was purchased and rescued a team of zoological professionals from Virginia Safari Park of Natural Bridge, Virginia. The Zoo was",
"psg_id": "8832308"
},
{
"title": "The Old Zoo",
"text": "It was featured on the BBC Four program \"Living with the Future\". John Tempest, former RIBA vice president, called it \"the best contemporary house built in England since the 1930s\" and Giles Worsley, former architecture editor of the \"Daily Telegraph\" called it \"the most radical house in England\". The Old Zoo The Old Zoo is a modern country house in Brockhall Village, Lancashire, England, south-west of Clitheroe. It was finished in 2000 on the site of the old petting zoo of Brockhall Hospital. It was designed through a competition held by RIBA. The house was commissioned by property tycoon Gerald",
"psg_id": "13785900"
},
{
"title": "Bratislava Zoo",
"text": "1981–1985, as a result of sewage system and motorway feeder construction, which reduced the area of the zoo to one-third, destroying two-thirds of the original exposition area and causing animal relocation within the zoo. As a consequence, a modern enclosure with the largest collection of exotic birds in Czechoslovakia had to be demolished and the birds were sent to other zoos. In 1991, a tiger escaped during the night and was shot within the zoo area. No person was harmed in the incident. In 2002-2003, the new enclosure for Turkmenian kulans, Bactrian camels and Shetland pony was constructed in the",
"psg_id": "10102835"
},
{
"title": "Roosevelt Park Zoo",
"text": "were constructed. The 2011 Souris River Flood caused the animals once again to be relocated from the zoo. Due to cleanup efforts on the grounds and buildings, the zoo did not open for the 2012 season. The Zoo re-opened on May 4 of 2013. Roosevelt Park Zoo The Roosevelt Park Zoo is a zoo in Minot, North Dakota. It opened in 1921 and the first animal exhibition featured the American Bison. In 1970, the zoo was separated from the city-owned Roosevelt Park and the Greater Minot Zoological Society was created to operate the zoo, it is the oldest zoo in",
"psg_id": "7250010"
},
{
"title": "Philadelphia Zoo",
"text": "(two ruffed lemurs, six ring-tailed lemurs, and two mongoose lemurs). All were members of endangered species. The animals died in their sleep from smoke inhalation (carbon monoxide poisoning); none were burned. Ten primates housed in an adjoining building, the Discovery House, survived. At the time of the fire, detection equipment existed in only 20 percent of the zoo buildings; the primates building, which had been constructed in 1985, was not one of them. In the ten months following the fire, the zoo installed fire detection equipment in all animal buildings. On July 1, 1999, the zoo opened a new primate",
"psg_id": "2658490"
},
{
"title": "Walking in the Zoo",
"text": "Walking in the Zoo \"Walking in the Zoo\" is a popular English music hall song published in 1869. It was composed by Alfred Lee with lyrics by Hugh Willoughby Sweny, and was first and most successfully performed by Alfred Vance, billed as \"The Great Vance\". The song is notable for first popularising, in Britain, both the Americanism \"O.K.\", and the word \"zoo\" as a short form of \"zoological gardens\" – specifically, the London Zoological Gardens. It also introduced to British audiences the American slang word \"skedaddle\". The song's chorus goes: \"Walking in the Zoo, walking in the Zoo / The",
"psg_id": "20003773"
},
{
"title": "Greenville Zoo",
"text": "and New Year's Day. The Greenville Zoo is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). The zoo was approved by the Greenville City Council in 1957 and construction was started in 1960. The zoo was opened to the public with mostly indigenous animals including bears, deer, bobcat, foxes, ducks and prairie dogs. A monkey dome was constructed in 1962, and 26 colobus monkeys were added to the zoos residents. In the latter part of the 1960s, the zoo was fenced, walkways were paved, and chimpanzee building was added to the exhibits. The zoo also added a sea lions,",
"psg_id": "8432672"
},
{
"title": "Dudley Zoo",
"text": "Most of the zoo buildings are art deco in style. In 2011, the zoo announced refurbishment and renovation plans for the zoo's listed buildings and parts of the zoo itself; totalling £1.15 million. Initial funding for the project has been met by the Heritage Lottery Fund. In January 2013, newly released construction proposals indicate the entrance to the zoo will connect with the Black Country Museum and the Dudley Canal Trust, creating a single entrance for the three attractions. The new entrance was completed in September 2015. Focus will then shift to the bear pits, which zoo officials say will",
"psg_id": "2373669"
},
{
"title": "Kyoto City Zoo",
"text": "Research and Education Society\" conducted an investigation into the conditions of Polar bears at the 24 Japanese Zoos that keep them, and found all, including the Kyoto Zoo, to be in violation of Canadian standards for animal care. The publication of their findings listed Kyoto Municipal Zoo as one of the facilities in which they found concerns. Kyoto City Zoo Kyoto City Zoo (京都市動物園) is a zoo located in Sakyō ward, Kyoto and was established in 1903, making it the second oldest zoo in the country after Ueno Zoo in Tokyo. The Kyoto City Zoo is a member of the",
"psg_id": "10966350"
},
{
"title": "Chahinkapa Zoo",
"text": "all animals were safely evacuated and the zoo reopened at the end of May. Subsequently, a levee was constructed to protect the North side of Walpeton (including the zoo) from 500 year flood levels. The zoo was renovated at this time with new exhibits, paths, and a petting zoo. The zoo is home to more than 200 animals representing about 100 species. Primates at the zoo include orangutan, white-handed gibbon, black-handed spider monkey, black-and-white ruffed lemur, ringtailed lemur, crowned lemur, and cottontop tamarin. Grazing mammals include Bactrian camels, plains zebras, llama, alpaca, bison, Dall sheep, and elk. Other mammals include",
"psg_id": "7250133"
},
{
"title": "Islamabad Zoo",
"text": "\"Primates\" \"Proboscidae\" Reptiles \"Testudines\" Islamabad Zoo Islamabad Zoo (), previously Marghazar Zoo, is an zoo in Islamabad Capital Territory. It was opened in 1978, and is under the administration of Capital Development Authority of Pakistan. The zoo started in 1978 as a refuge for leopards, spotted deer, and Indian gazelle found in the region, and is administered by Capital Development Authority of Pakistan. Located in the feet of Margalla hill. It soon gained popularity and became a part of the Japanese garden. An aviary was later constructed. The Capital Development Authority devised a plan in August 2008 to upgrade and",
"psg_id": "14618566"
},
{
"title": "Zamość Zoo",
"text": "War II, in 1953, the zoo was officially named the City Zoological Garden (Polish: \"Miejski Ogród Zoologiczny\"). In 1980, the zoo was transferred to its current location at 12 Szczebrzeska Street. In the following years, two new pavilions were constructed in the zoo - the monkeys house and the pavilion for fish and reptiles. In 2002, the owls and dingos enclosures were built. Between 2007-2013, further modernisation took place at the zoo. Currently, vistors to the Zamość Zoo can see such animals as llamas, lions, bears, giraffes, tigers, hippopotamuses, camels, donkeys, capybaras, lynxes, zebras, tapirs, porcupines, bat-eared foxes, gibbons, squirrel",
"psg_id": "20863098"
},
{
"title": "Chhatbir Zoo",
"text": "about 20 km away from Chandigarh. The zoo is home to 369 mammals, 400 birds and 20 reptiles. Non-exhaustive list: In addition to this, there are various species of birds, including peacocks, cranes, geese, ducks, parrots, sparrows, nocturnal owls and bats; and various sub-species of deer, cat and monkey. Chhatbir Zoo Chhatbir Zoo (formally Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park), is a zoological park situated close to Zirakpur, India. The zoo was constructed in the 1970s and is home to a large variety of birds, mammals and reptiles. The zoo was inaugurated on 13 April 1977 by the then governor of Punjab",
"psg_id": "11854855"
},
{
"title": "Zoo",
"text": "Downs' Zoological Gardens created by Andrew Downs and opened to the Nova Scotia public in 1847. It was originally intended to be used as a collection for scientific study. By the early 1860s, the zoo grounds covered 40 hectares with many fine flowers & ornamental trees, picnic areas, statues, walking paths, The Glass House (which contained a greenhouse with an aviary, aquarium, & museum of stuffed animals & birds), a pond, a bridge over a waterfall, an artificial lake with a fountain, a wood-ornamented greenhouse, a forest area, and enclosures & buildings. Dublin Zoo was opened in 1831 by members",
"psg_id": "9580814"
},
{
"title": "Milwaukee County Zoo",
"text": "in one location outside their native Democratic Republic of the Congo, and has two cheetahs from the National Zoo in Washington, DC. West Park Zoo opened in 1892, displaying small mammals and birds. The flowing year, the zoo added two cinnamon bears and created an iron bear den. In 1899, the zoo constructed a $2,137 herbivore building that housed a variety of animals. In 1900, West Park Zoo became Washington Park Zoo and two years later, the zoo was expanded to . Even with the Great Depression of the 1930s, the zoo prospered, creating a bear den that resembled bears'",
"psg_id": "10783454"
},
{
"title": "Black Bridge (The Nilgiris)",
"text": "a concrete counterpart in 1963. The bridge was deemed unsafe again in 2005, after which it was demolished completely and rebuilt. Black Bridge (The Nilgiris) The Black Bridge (now the Manekshaw Bridge) is a historic bridge in Wellington, The Nilgiris District. It connects Wellington to the Ooty - Coonoor road. The bridge was constructed in 1858, when it collapsed before its completion. It was initially known as the Waterloo Bridge. The bridge was constructed again in 1878 using wooden structures. It was then commonly referred to as the \"Black Bridge\", as the bridge was built of Burmese teak and was",
"psg_id": "16104843"
},
{
"title": "Dudley Zoo",
"text": "a Grade I listed building built in the 11th century, is included in the zoo entrance fee. A visitor chairlift was erected between the zoo's entrance and the castle in 1958. It was taken out of use in 2000 due to health and safety concerns. In August 2012 the chairlift was reopened after a 12-week, £117,000 restoration which included returning it to its original light cream colour. Dudley Zoo Dudley Zoological Gardens is a zoo located within the grounds of Dudley Castle in the town of Dudley, in the Black Country region of the West Midlands, England. The Zoo opened",
"psg_id": "2373671"
},
{
"title": "Chester Zoo",
"text": "marketing, human resources, and health and safety. Both report to the Board of Trustees for The North of England Zoological Society. Mobility scooters and locker and buggy hire are available near the main entrance. The zoo is bisected by a public bridleway, Flag Lane. For many years, a single bridge (now called Elephants' Bridge), drivable by zoo vehicles and powered wheelchairs, near the elephant exhibit was the only crossing place within the grounds. A second crossing, passable by pedestrians and mobility scooters, called Bats' Bridge, opened in April 2008 near the Twilight Zone, has improved the ability of visitors to",
"psg_id": "3793220"
},
{
"title": "Cali Zoo",
"text": "the zoo include a red fer de lance (which are endemic to Colombia; the zoo has the only one in captivity), Jackson's chameleon, bearded dragon, and American crocodile. Cali Zoo Cali Zoo is located in the city of Cali in the country of Colombia. The Zoo belongs to a foundation that carries its name and whose mission, since it took the zoo's administration in 1981, has been to improve the animals' diet, their natural environment, and the medical care of the existing fauna. Cali Zoo promotes and performs different educational, recreational and investigative programs. The Cali Zoo's are home to",
"psg_id": "10961927"
},
{
"title": "Bramble Park Zoo",
"text": "Bramble Park Zoo Bramble Park Zoo is located in Watertown, South Dakota. Open since 1912, the zoo comprises with approximately 500 animals representing 130 different species. Bramble Park Zoo has been an accredited member of the Association of Zoos & Aquariums (AZA) since 1993. The zoo was opened in 1912, and is named after Frank Bramble, who donated pheasants and other birds to the town to put on display. By 1940, the zoo had outgrown its original facility, and was moved to its current location. The new exhibits for the zoo were constructed by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). In",
"psg_id": "14038445"
},
{
"title": "Bratislava Zoo",
"text": "was started with the official opening in spring 2010. In the spring of 2008, the zoo shop and two playgrounds for children were constructed. Since 2009, ZOO Bratislava is allowed its own commercial business activities. In 2011, the zoo hit a record of 336,661 visitors during that year. The ZOO Bratislava contains a collection of 175 animal species and approximately 900 animals in total, including many rare and endangered species such as: Indoor enclosures feature numerous reptiles, birds and mammals such as: In addition, there are life-sized dinosaur sculptures at the DinoPark. ZOO Bratislava is a member of the following",
"psg_id": "10102838"
},
{
"title": "Disco Zoo",
"text": "Disco Zoo Disco Zoo is a zoo simulation video game developed by Milkbag Games and published by NimbleBit for iOS and Android. It was published into the App Store on 21 February 2014 for iOS. Using pixelated graphics seen in other NimbleBit games such as \"Pocket Trains\" and \"Pocket Planes\", the game puts the player in charge of a virtual zoo. The user starts with a small collection of farm animals, and must rescue more animals to expand the zoo. New exhibits are constructed when a player rescues an animal for the first time; thereafter, additional instances of that animal",
"psg_id": "18405635"
},
{
"title": "Karachi Zoo",
"text": "Karachi Zoo The Karachi Zoo (; ), also known as Karachi Zoological Gardens, is located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is the largest zoo of Pakistan and second oldest zoo in the country after Lahore Zoo. Karachi Zoo, established in year 1878, was commonly called as 'Mahatma Gandhi Garden'. In 1861, the zoo was transferred to municipality by the government. In 1878, the municipality placed the zoo under a trust to be developed out of public subscription. Later, the zoo was once again opened to public in 1881. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the name was changed to",
"psg_id": "6817215"
},
{
"title": "David Traylor Zoo of Emporia",
"text": "David Traylor Zoo of Emporia The David Traylor Zoo is a small zoo located in Emporia, Kansas, United States. Admission to the zoo is free. You can walk through the zoo to view the naturalized exhibits. The zoo is located in Soden's Grove Park, which includes a small train that operates in the summer, the historical Marsh Arch Bridge, and an All Veterans Memorial. The David Traylor Zoo is one of the smallest zoos in the United States that is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). It features naturalized exhibits of native and exotic birds and animals,",
"psg_id": "14524318"
},
{
"title": "Walking in the Zoo",
"text": "O.K. thing on Sunday is walking in the Zoo\"; and a verse contains the lines \"My cousin bolted off without any more ado / And I skidaddled also looking very blue.\" Walking in the Zoo \"Walking in the Zoo\" is a popular English music hall song published in 1869. It was composed by Alfred Lee with lyrics by Hugh Willoughby Sweny, and was first and most successfully performed by Alfred Vance, billed as \"The Great Vance\". The song is notable for first popularising, in Britain, both the Americanism \"O.K.\", and the word \"zoo\" as a short form of \"zoological gardens\"",
"psg_id": "20003774"
},
{
"title": "Zoo",
"text": "subsequent battle for the city, Cortés reluctantly ordered the zoo to be destroyed. The oldest zoo in the world still in existence is the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna, Austria. It was constructed by Adrian van Stekhoven in 1752 at the order of the Holy Roman Emperor Francis I, husband of Maria Theresa of Austria, to serve as an imperial menagerie as part of Schönbrunn Palace. The menagerie was initially reserved for the viewing pleasure of the imperial family and the court, but was made accessible to the public in 1765. In 1775, a zoo was founded in Madrid, and in",
"psg_id": "9580810"
},
{
"title": "Łódź Zoo",
"text": "and covered the area of 8,9 hectares. In 1939, the zoo was in possession of only 50 animals such as deer, roe deer, fallow deer, ducks and sheep. The zoo emerged relatively unscathed after the Second World War and in 1945, many animals from other zoological gardens, most notably from the Wrocław Zoo, were transported to Łódź. In 1950, the area of the zoo was expanded and covered 16,64 ha. In the 1950s, the zoological garden developed more rapidly as more buildings and structures were constructed including the baboons enclosure. In 1968, the Big Cats' pavilion was opened and in",
"psg_id": "20872091"
},
{
"title": "Oregon Zoo",
"text": "some years later the two parks were combined as Washington Park. At this time, the Portland Zoo Railway was constructed to connect the zoo to its former site in Washington Park and other attractions there. The zoo's move to the new, much larger site was made in stages, over more than a year, with the first animals being moved in spring 1958 and limited public access being opened in June 1958, one day after the first section of the Zoo Railway opened. During the transition period the new zoo was only open on weekends, as most animals were still at",
"psg_id": "2710002"
},
{
"title": "Oregon Zoo",
"text": "the old site awaiting completion of their new enclosures. However, the new railway operated six days a week until mid-September. Meanwhile, the old zoo remained in operation, but in May 1959 was restricted to pedestrian access only, closed to automobile access, for its last months of operation. The zoo at its current site opened on July 3, 1959. It was renamed the Portland Zoological Gardens at that time, but remained commonly known as the Portland Zoo. The elephants and big cats were not moved to the new zoo until November. A new interchange was constructed on the adjacent freeway, the",
"psg_id": "2710003"
},
{
"title": "Poison in the Zoo",
"text": "location at the Tierpark Hagenbeck in Hamburg. The film's sets were designed by Albrecht Becker and Herbert Kirchhoff. After a series of mysterious deaths of animals at a zoo the police are called in to investigate. Poison in the Zoo Poison in the Zoo (German: Gift im Zoo) is a 1952 West German thriller film directed by Hans Müller and Wolfgang Staudte and starring Irene von Meyendorff, Carl Raddatz and Petra Peters. During production in 1951, the director Wolfgang Staudte was removed and replaced when the West German authorities refused to consider it eligible for state subsidies unless Staudte declare",
"psg_id": "20091026"
},
{
"title": "Brandywine Zoo",
"text": "Calhoun and Henry Clay. It is even said that George Washington mustered his troops on the field above the zoo near the Washington Street Bridge during the American Revolution. In 1904, Dr. James H. Morgan came to the Board of Park Commissioners with the idea of starting a zoo in Wilmington. He was able to donate some animals if the commission would pay for the shelters and fences. The boundaries of the zoo were very different from today. The main area of the zoo was the area of the old bear pit (across from the current Andean condor exhibit) and",
"psg_id": "11666939"
},
{
"title": "Zoo Lake",
"text": "Zoo Lake Zoo Lake is a popular lake and public park in Johannesburg, South Africa. It is part of the \"Hermann Eckstein Park\" and is opposite the Johannesburg Zoo. The Zoo Lake consists of two dams, an upper feeder dam, and a larger lower dam, both constructed in natural marshland watered by the Parktown Spruit. The land was originally part of the Braamfontein farm, and was bought by banker and mining magnate Hermann Eckstein for potential exploitation of minerals. When this objective failed, Eckstein laid it out as a timber plantation and named it Sachsenwald, after Otto von Bismarck’s estate",
"psg_id": "13434967"
},
{
"title": "Einasleigh River Bridge",
"text": "Einasleigh River Bridge The Einasleigh River Bridge is a road bridge over the Einasleigh River on the Gulf Developmental Road, in the Far North Queensland, Australia, located east of Georgetown and west of Mount Surprise. The bridge is part of the only sealed (asphalt) road linking Cairns and Normanton in the Gulf Savannah region. The new high set bridge was constructed to flood-proof the Gulf Country. It replaced an existing low level bridge which was designed for inundation. The old bridge was flooded in every wet season. In 2009 it was under water for 40 days after the biggest flood",
"psg_id": "14891709"
},
{
"title": "Toledo Zoo",
"text": "winning show called Zoo Today, and re-purposed many of the WPA era buildings. The Carnivora was relaunched as the Carnivore Cafe in 1993, they re-purposed the original Rare Mammal Building into the Kingdom of the Apes, altered the elephant house to be an events center, and even expanded their land across the Anthony Wayne Trail to their now Northern Campus. In 1997, to connect the two parts of the zoo the Toledo Zoo erected a pedestrian bridge. The Northern Campus normally known for their parking area had also been transformed when in 2000, the Toledo Zoo opened the Arctic Encounter",
"psg_id": "9133457"
},
{
"title": "Gdańsk Zoo",
"text": "the giraffes' pavilion was constructed and currently houses 4 Rothschild's giraffes. In the same year, a leopard and meerkats were transferred to the Gdańsk Zoo. In 2009, the zoo acquired its first takin, and in 2014 four lions thought to be of Southwest African origin. The zoo is also a member of the European Endangered Species Programme (EEP). Since 2005, as the only zoological garden in Poland, it houses anoas and Javan lutungs. Among the rare species of animals that can be seen in the zoo are: scimitar oryxes, pygmy hippopotamuses, jackass penguins, bongos, Bali mynas, mandrills, yellow anacondas, Visayan",
"psg_id": "20881018"
},
{
"title": "Tulsa Zoo",
"text": "Zoo’s exhibit department constructed the entire cave and received the AAZPA’s prestigious Significant Achievement Award. 1986 - The Tulsa Zoo celebrated the birth of a healthy male Asian elephant “Maverick”. Maverick was the first elephant born in Oklahoma and also the only Asian elephant born in the U.S. that year. The zoo also moved their two giraffes from the previous exhibit to a new one funded by TZDI. 1988 - Dr. Jane Goodall visited the Tulsa Zoo and declared the zoo’s chimpanzee exhibit one of the “top three exhibits in the U.S.” and welcomed the Tulsa Zoo into her prestigious",
"psg_id": "4783237"
},
{
"title": "Helsinki Zoo",
"text": "Helsinki Zoo Helsinki Zoo (, ) is the largest zoo in Finland, located on the island of Korkeasaari (literal meaning \"Tall Island/Islet\") in Helsinki. The zoo is also commonly referred to by the island's name, Korkeasaari. The island of Korkeasaari is a rocky island, connected to the mainland via a bridge to the Helsinki district of Mustikkamaa, where there is access to the zoo all year round. A ferry and water buses take visitors to the island during summertime, from the Market Square and Hakaniemi. Korkeasaari is among the most popular places among visitors in Helsinki. The animals on display",
"psg_id": "4360028"
},
{
"title": "The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore",
"text": "The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore \"The Maryland Zoo\" — also known as \"The Maryland Zoo in Baltimore\" and formerly known as \"The Baltimore City Zoo\" or the \"Baltimore Zoo\" — is a 135-acre park located in historic Druid Hill Park in the northwestern area of the City of Baltimore, Maryland, (U.S.A.), with the postal address of 1876 Mansion House Drive. Druid Hill was opened in 1860 as the first major park purchase by the City under foreseeing Mayor Thomas Swann (1809-1883), (and later as 33rd Governor of Maryland, 1866-1869) and was later designed by famed nationally-known landscaper Frederick Law Olmsted",
"psg_id": "4154373"
},
{
"title": "Queens Zoo",
"text": "Queens Zoo The Queens Zoo is an zoo located in Flushing Meadows – Corona Park in the New York City borough of Queens. The zoo is part of an integrated system of four zoos and one aquarium managed by the Wildlife Conservation Society in partnership with the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, and is accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA). Constructed on the site of the 1964 New York World's Fair and opened in 1968, it is the first to be designed from the start as a cageless zoo. Robert Moses turned the first",
"psg_id": "4154399"
},
{
"title": "Bogert Covered Bridge",
"text": "County and among the oldest in the country. It is open to pedestrian and bicycle traffic only. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Bogert Covered Bridge Bogert Covered Bridge is a historic wooden covered bridge located at Allentown, Lehigh County, Pennsylvania. It is a , Burr Truss bridge, constructed in 1841. It has vertical plank siding and a gable roof. It was restored by the Allentown Parks Department. Bogert's Bridge was built in 1841-42. It takes its name from the Bogert family. Peter Bogert purchased the land on which the bridge is located in",
"psg_id": "16356319"
},
{
"title": "Cleveland Metroparks Zoo",
"text": "current location in Old Brooklyn, and the Zoo acquired its first elephant. Beginning in 1910, the Zoo constructed Monkey Island, sea lion pools, and a moated bear exhibit. By 1940, the Zoo was home to three elephants and its first (permanent) elephant resident since 1924. That same year, the Cleveland Museum of Natural History assumed control of the Zoo. Between 1955 and the transfer of management to the Cleveland Metroparks in 1975, the Zoo experienced rapid expansion despite setbacks due to flooding: the Zoo's reptile collection and several other buildings were lost when Big Creek overflowed in January 1959. Although",
"psg_id": "3944964"
},
{
"title": "Kyoto City Zoo",
"text": "Kyoto City Zoo Kyoto City Zoo (京都市動物園) is a zoo located in Sakyō ward, Kyoto and was established in 1903, making it the second oldest zoo in the country after Ueno Zoo in Tokyo. The Kyoto City Zoo is a member of the world Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). The Kyoto Municipal Zoo was opened to the public on 1 April 1903 with 238 animals representing 61 species. The total area of the zoo was , and the zoo had 6,591 visitors on its first day of operation. A guide for the zoo was first published in 1905, and",
"psg_id": "10966344"
},
{
"title": "Guadalajara Zoo",
"text": "in the limits of the city which is in fact one of the natural spots the zoo has been trying to preserve. The zoo is constantly opening new exhibits, both temporary and permanent. The park has some permanent exhibits that are always opened to the public. The charge for these attractions is included with the entrance ticket. Guadalajara Zoo Zoológico Guadalajara (Guadalajara Zoo) is the main zoological park in the Mexican city of Guadalajara, Jalisco, and is widely considered the most important in Latin America. It is the largest in the country with respect to species population. Zoológico Guadalajara started",
"psg_id": "8971834"
},
{
"title": "Asahiyama Zoo Story: Penguins in the Sky",
"text": "one’s dreams can come true, and together they tackle this seemingly impossible task of revitalizing Asahiyama. A breakthrough arrives in the form of “Behavioral Exhibition,” a method that is pioneered by Ashiyama’s zoo keepers and which eventually makes the zoo renowned throughout the world. 「夢になりたい」(\"I want to dream\") 谷村新司 Tanimura Shinji (songwriter: Tanimura Shinji Arrangement: Yoshiharu Setoya) Asahiyama Zoo Story: Penguins in the Sky Based on the true story of Asahiyama Zoo in Hokkaido, the northernmost zoo in Japan. The unpopular zoo welcomes a new zoo keeper, young Yoshida (Yasuhi Nakamura), who has more affection for insects than people after",
"psg_id": "14826055"
},
{
"title": "Greenville Zoo",
"text": "South Carolina to cross into Canada. On March 14, 2015, the zoo welcomed a baby gibbon, the first born at the Greenville Zoo. Also on June 21, 2015, the zoo welcomed a baby red panda who was named \"Willie\" after the country singer Willie Nelson. Greenville Zoo The Greenville Zoo is a zoo in Greenville, South Carolina, United States. The zoo opened in 1960, and is located at 150 Cleveland Park Drive, near Interstate 385, on a site within Cleveland Park. The zoo's official website states: \"A typical visit would last from an hour to an hour and 30 minutes.\"",
"psg_id": "8432676"
},
{
"title": "Columbus Zoo and Aquarium",
"text": "the eastern and southern border of the zoo. A new entrance was constructed along the new roadway, which opened in early 2008. Long-term plans include the possibility of a resort-style hotel to attract tourists along with its outdoor water-amusement park, Zoombezi Bay. On June 28, 2009, Jeff Swanagan, the executive director of the zoo, died suddenly at the age of 51. Dale Schmidt, the zoo's chief operating officer, was named executive director on November 20, 2009. The Columbus Zoo is divided into regions, each housing animals from a particular region of the world. Each region is themed for the particular",
"psg_id": "2955297"
},
{
"title": "Nyíregyháza Zoo",
"text": "by the visitors. It has grown out to be the biggest animal collection in the country. The zoo is member of the Hungarian Association of Zoos (MÁSZ), the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA), and the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA). A short summary what have happened since 1996: Nyíregyháza Zoo The Nyíregyháza Zoo (Nyíregyházi Állatpark – Animal Park of Nyíregyháza, also known as \"Sóstó Zoo\") is located 5 km (approx 3.3 miles) north of Nyíregyháza, Hungary in the Sóstó recreation area, which also includes the beach, the spa, the pool, the open-air museum, and the wood",
"psg_id": "14775950"
},
{
"title": "Twycross Zoo",
"text": "all four types of great ape: gorilla, orangutan, chimpanzee and bonobo, the latter being the only bonobos in the country. The zoo currently houses four orangutans, five gorillas, 20 chimpanzees and 13 bonobos. Twycross Zoo has one of the largest collections of gibbons in Europe, and 37% of their animal collection is classed as near threatened, vulnerable, endangered or critically endangered by the IUCN. Many of the animals at Twycross Zoo are part of conservation breeding programmes which help ensure a future for species threatened with extinction. The animal exhibits at Twycross Zoo are split into eight zones: Conservation Way",
"psg_id": "2229974"
},
{
"title": "Bahawalpur Zoo",
"text": "breeding successfully in the zoo. Bahawalpur Zoo Bahawalpur Zoo (), established in 1942, is a zoological garden in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan. It is managed by the Government of Pakistan. The zoo has occasionally bred and supplied wild cats, such as Asiatic lions and Bengal tigers, to other zoos in the country. It also has an aquarium and zoological museum with stuffed birds, reptiles and mammals. Bahawalpur zoo was set up in 1942 by the former Aamir of Bahawalpur, Sir Nawab Sadiq Muhammad Khan Abbasi. It was then named \"Sher Bagh\" (meaning \"lion garden\"). In 1955, the administrator of the zoo",
"psg_id": "14631035"
},
{
"title": "Poison in the Zoo",
"text": "Poison in the Zoo Poison in the Zoo (German: Gift im Zoo) is a 1952 West German thriller film directed by Hans Müller and Wolfgang Staudte and starring Irene von Meyendorff, Carl Raddatz and Petra Peters. During production in 1951, the director Wolfgang Staudte was removed and replaced when the West German authorities refused to consider it eligible for state subsidies unless Staudte declare that he would no longer work for the DEFA studios of the Communist East German state. Staudte, who had made several major productions for DEFA, refused and was replaced by Müller. It was shot partly on",
"psg_id": "20091025"
},
{
"title": "Dallas Zoo",
"text": "On October 1, 2009, the zoo's management responsibilities, animals, and employees were officially turned over to the Dallas Zoological Society. On May 28, 2010, the Giants of the Savanna habitat opened to national acclaim. On April 1, 2015, the Dinosaur exhibit opened hosting over 20 animatronic dinosaurs. The zoo is divided into two major regions: ZooNorth and Wilds of Africa. ZooNorth is the original and oldest section of the zoo. The Wilds of Africa region was constructed seventy-eight years after ZooNorth and is accessed from ZooNorth via a tunnel beneath Clarendon Drive. It includes Giants of the Savanna, which was",
"psg_id": "5517244"
},
{
"title": "Auckland Zoo",
"text": "Kline. Kline gave birth again in December 1993 to Kipper. In the mid-1990s, Sleek and Kelp were sent overseas, with their father, leaving the zoo with Scuttles, Sinka, Kline, Keel and Kipper. Scuttles and Kipper are still alive in 2014 and are now aged in their 20s. In June 1994, Indra the orangutan gave birth to her second offspring, a male named Isim. Dara's six-year-old son, Datuk, left for Taronga Zoo in 1996. The last polar bears, Joachim and Ingrid died in 1995 within a month of each other. The exhibit, which had been constructed in the 1920s, was demolished",
"psg_id": "6974687"
},
{
"title": "Jerusalem Biblical Zoo",
"text": "in Romema in 1991 and reopened in the Malha valley, southwest of the city center, in 1993. The zoo, renamed the Tisch Family Zoological Gardens in Jerusalem, but still called the Jerusalem Biblical Zoo by the general public, opened for a preview period on 28 February 1993. It officially opened on 9 September 1993. Designed by Miller-Blum & Associates Landscape Architects, and constructed by the Moriah Jerusalem Development Corporation, the zoo sits on in a valley surrounded by the hillside neighborhoods of Malha and Givat Masua. The park is landscaped with trees and shrubs native to Israel, many of which",
"psg_id": "8532879"
},
{
"title": "Halls Gap Zoo",
"text": "Halls Gap Zoo Halls Gap Zoo is a country zoo located about from Halls Gap, Victoria, Australia. From the zoo you can see Grampians National Park. It is Victoria's largest regional zoo, holding well over 160 native and exotic species. Halls Gap Zoo was originally opened in the early 1980s as Wallaroo Wildlife Park. The new owners in 1998 opened the gates as the Halls Gap Wildlife Park & Zoo. It was sold to the current owners in December 2007 and is now operating as the Halls Gap Zoo. The zoo opened a new nocturnal house in 2008, along with",
"psg_id": "11975315"
}
] | [
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"almanya",
"federal republic of germany",
"jermany",
"geramny",
"etymology of germany",
"nemska",
"germany",
"niemcy",
"germany",
"iso 3166-1:de",
"land der dichter und denker",
"federal republic of germany",
"f.r. germany",
"deutschland",
"bundesrepublik deutschland",
"br deutschland",
"germanio",
"thyskaland",
"germany",
"germeny",
"teutonica",
"deutchland",
"duitsland",
"thyskaland",
"alemanha",
"němska",
"foederal republic of germany"
] |
spear of the nation was an armed wing of which group? | [
{
"title": "Day of Reconciliation",
"text": "December is the anniversary of the 1961 founding of Umkhonto we Sizwe (\"Spear of the Nation\" or MK), the armed wing of the ANC. On that day, Umkhonto we Sizwe enacted its \"first acts of sabotage\" which included bomb blasts against government buildings in Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth and Durban. Also on 16 December 1961, the Umkhonto we Sizwe distributed leaflets describing how the group \"will carry on the struggle for freedom and democracy by new methods, which are necessary to complement the actions of the established national liberation organsations.\" When Apartheid ended, it was decided to keep 16 December as",
"psg_id": "1393496"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta",
"text": "the nation had no official military aviation of its own until gaining independence in 1964 (and the building of an independent national military that followed). The Air Wing was founded as an operational branch of the Armed Forces of Malta in the early 1970s. The Air Wing serves primarily as a support branch of the ground forces and Maritime Squadron of the AFM and has so far never operated combat aircraft. The Air Wing's current Commanding Officer is Lieutenant Colonel James T. Grech. In a bilateral agreement with Italy, the Italian Air Force provided two AB 212 helicopters to perform",
"psg_id": "15509070"
},
{
"title": "Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta",
"text": "the mission started to wind down, until eventually the final chapter of service was closed in 2016 with the Italian AB212's going home. The main divisions of the Air Wing are : Below is a list of aircraft operated by the Armed Forces of Malta Air Wing. The Air Wing operates 8 fixed-wing aircraft and 6 helicopters. Since its founding, the Air Wing has never operated jet-powered or combat aircraft. In a bilateral agreement with Italy, the Italian Air Force provides two AB 212 helicopters to performs SAR duty with Maltese rescuers on board. Air Wing of the Armed Forces",
"psg_id": "15509072"
},
{
"title": "Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta",
"text": "Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta The Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta is the aerial component of the current Maltese military. The Air Wing has responsibility for the security of Maltese airspace, conducts maritime patrol and Search and Rescue duties, and provides military assistance to other government departments of Malta. The Air Wing of the Armed Forces is based at the AFM terminal at the Malta International Airport. While Malta has a rather long tradition of military aviation within its territory, including the housing of Royal Air Force bases and squadrons during World War Two,",
"psg_id": "15509069"
},
{
"title": "The Spear",
"text": "the offending content. The Spear The Spear is a 1978 novel by British author James Herbert dealing with Nazi occultism and the Holy Lance. The book deals with a neo-Nazi cult in Britain and an international conspiracy which includes a right-wing US general and a sinister arms dealer, and their obsession with and through the occult with resurrecting Heinrich Himmler. In an earlier version of \"The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail\"/\"The Da Vinci Code\" lawsuit, Trevor Ravenscroft sued James Herbert claiming the novel infringed on his 1973 non-fiction book \"The Spear of Destiny\". Herbert declined to pay Ravenscroft damages",
"psg_id": "9629232"
},
{
"title": "The Spear",
"text": "The Spear The Spear is a 1978 novel by British author James Herbert dealing with Nazi occultism and the Holy Lance. The book deals with a neo-Nazi cult in Britain and an international conspiracy which includes a right-wing US general and a sinister arms dealer, and their obsession with and through the occult with resurrecting Heinrich Himmler. In an earlier version of \"The Holy Blood and the Holy Grail\"/\"The Da Vinci Code\" lawsuit, Trevor Ravenscroft sued James Herbert claiming the novel infringed on his 1973 non-fiction book \"The Spear of Destiny\". Herbert declined to pay Ravenscroft damages and eventually removed",
"psg_id": "9629231"
},
{
"title": "End of the Spear",
"text": "End of the Spear End of the Spear is a 2005 drama film that recounts the story of Operation Auca, in which five American Christian missionaries attempted to evangelize the Huaorani (Waodani) people of the tropical rain forest of Eastern Ecuador. Based on actual events from 1956 in which five male missionaries were speared by a group of the Waodani tribe, the movie tells the story from the perspective of Steve Saint (the son of Nate Saint, one of the missionaries killed in the encounter), and Mincayani, one of the tribesmen who took part in the attack. The two eventually",
"psg_id": "6945512"
},
{
"title": "Spear carrier",
"text": "Spear carrier A spear carrier is a nickname for a minor acting part. It generally pertains to a character that appears in several scenes, but mostly in the background. In the world of opera, the term is sometimes used literally: When a male chorus is required, as in Aida, for example, the onstage \"army\", armed with spears or swords, usually consists of several singers and as many who remain silent, filling out the group. The silent ones are known as spear carriers, to differentiate them from the male chorus members. The Ancient Greek term for spear carrier (δορυφόρος \"doryphóros\", from",
"psg_id": "6454698"
},
{
"title": "The Spear of Destiny (Ravenscroft)",
"text": "Herbert's 1978 novel \"The Spear\". The defendant declined to pay Ravenscroft damages and eventually removed the offending content. After Ravenscroft's death, Tim Wallace-Murphy published \"The Mark of the Beast: The Continuing Story of the Spear of Destiny\" citing Ravenscroft as co-author in 1997. The Spear of Destiny (Ravenscroft) The Spear of Destiny: the occult power behind the spear which pierced the side of Christ is a bestselling 1972 popular occult book by the anthroposophist writer Trevor Ravenscroft (1921-1989), published by Neville Armstrong's Neville Spearman Publishers. Ravenscroft claimed that the book was based on research \"by using mystical meditation\" and on",
"psg_id": "20126619"
},
{
"title": "Brothers of the Spear",
"text": "of his earliest comics work on this series, beginning in \"Tarzan\" #39 (Dec. 1952). The ending of the series was due in part to Russ Manning moving to take over \"Tarzan\" from Marsh in #154. New stories would appear in #160-161 (by Manning), and later in #202-203 (by Mike Royer). An additional story appeared in \"Dell Giant\" #51 (\"Tarzan, King of the Jungle\"). While DC Comics licensed the rights to Tarzan in 1972, the Brothers of the Spear remained with Gold Key Comics, which published the 17-issue \"Brothers of the Spear\" series (June 1972 – Feb. 1976). Whitman Comics published",
"psg_id": "5398990"
},
{
"title": "Spear",
"text": "also used as a weapon on board ships until the 19th century. At the start of the Renaissance, cavalry remained predominantly lance-armed; gendarmes with the heavy knightly lance and lighter cavalry with a variety of lighter lances. By the 1540s, however, pistol-armed cavalry called reiters were beginning to make their mark. Cavalry armed with pistols and other lighter firearms, along with a sword, had virtually replaced lance armed cavalry in Western Europe by the beginning of the 17th century. One of the earliest forms of killing prey for humans, hunting game with a spear and spear fishing continues to this",
"psg_id": "396173"
},
{
"title": "Armed Islamic Group of Algeria",
"text": "GIA, the idea of forming an armed group to fight jihad against the Algerian government was developed not after the coup but in 1989 after leaders of the Islamic Armed Movement (MIA) of Mustafa Bouyali, were freed from prison, but was not acted on due to the spectacular electoral political success of the FIS. Early in 1992, Mansour Meliani, a former aid to Bouyali, along with many \"Afghans\", broke with his former friend Abdelkader Heresay and left the MIA (Islamic Armed Movement), founding his own Jihadi group around July 1992. Meliani was arrested in July and executed in August 1993.",
"psg_id": "2037849"
},
{
"title": "Samuel P. Spear",
"text": "the Fenian Movement in America and lead the eastern wing of the Fenian Army from St Albans, Vermont into Canada during June 6–7, 1866. He also served as the Fenian Secretary of War within the Fenian Brotherhood during the late 1860s. Samuel P. Spear Samuel Perkins Spear (1815 – May 4, 1875) was an American soldier who saw combat in the Seminole Wars, the Mexican–American War, and the Civil War. Spear enlisted in the army in 1833, and was assigned twice to the 2nd Dragoons and once to the 2nd Cavalry in which he was promoted from private to first",
"psg_id": "13018342"
},
{
"title": "Hasta (spear)",
"text": "Hasta (spear) Hasta (plural: \"hastae\") is a Latin word meaning \"spear\". \"Hastae\" were carried by early Roman legionaries, in particular they were carried by and gave their name to those Roman soldiers known as \"hastati\". However, during republican times, the \"hastati\" were re-armed with \"pila\" and \"gladii\" and the \"hasta\" was only retained by the \"triarii\". Unlike the \"pilum\", \"verutum\" and \"lancea\", the \"hasta\" was not thrown, but used for thrusting. A \"hasta\" was about in length, with a shaft generally made from ash, while the head was of iron. A little spear with which a bride's hair was parted",
"psg_id": "5793830"
},
{
"title": "Armed Islamic Group of Algeria",
"text": "the armed wing of the FIS\", and issued death threats against several FIS and MIA members, including MIA's Heresay and FIS's Kebir and Redjam. About the time al-Afghani took power of GIA, a group of Algerian jihadists returning from Afghanistan came to London. Together with Islamist intellectual Abu Qatada, they started up a weekly magazine, \"Usrat al-Ansar\" as a GIA propaganda outlet. Abu Qatada \"provided the intellectual and ideological firepower\" to justify GIA actions, and the journal became \"a trusted source of news and information about the GIA for Islamists around the world.\" The GIA soon broadened its attacks to",
"psg_id": "2037853"
},
{
"title": "Spear carrier",
"text": "has survived verbatim but evolved in meaning from its metaphorical use, and today carries the general meaning of satellite in Modern Greek. Spear carrier A spear carrier is a nickname for a minor acting part. It generally pertains to a character that appears in several scenes, but mostly in the background. In the world of opera, the term is sometimes used literally: When a male chorus is required, as in Aida, for example, the onstage \"army\", armed with spears or swords, usually consists of several singers and as many who remain silent, filling out the group. The silent ones are",
"psg_id": "6454700"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "revealing that he had gotten the spear tip, with the help of Otto Nehrkorn. Plotting to kill the interlopers, Dieterhoffmann was forced to stop when a tour group of schoolgirls arrived, led on a night-time garden tour by Cheltingham. She whispered a rendezvous point to Indiana, and then tried to force the Nazis to leave the garden for trespassing. Jones used the distraction to escape, and Nehrkorn chased him, but eschewing Dieterhoffmann's violence, let him go instead. Jones returned to the scene to tackle Dieterhoffmann, whose pistol went off, breaking the spear tip into two halves - one of which",
"psg_id": "11740081"
},
{
"title": "SPEAR 3",
"text": "SPEAR 3 The Select Precision Effects At Range (SPEAR) Capability 3 is a future British air-to-ground and possibly anti-ship missile. MBDA was awarded an Assessment Phase contract for SPEAR 3, a standoff attack weapon that would replace Brimstone 2 (SPEAR Cap 2). This is specified to have a range of at least 100 km, however the UK MoD and MBDA believe that they can achieve over 115 km (62+nm). The weapon will make substantial reuse of Brimstone modules. The weapon will fly at high-subsonic speed using a turbojet and wing kit, and will feature a multimode seeker with INS/GPS guidance",
"psg_id": "19519845"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "to more blood spilled if Hitler had the spear. Sensing a trap, Seigfried tried to escape, but O'Neal and Indiana Jones wrestled to hold him for questioning. Finally, Henry was convinced that Seig did not know where the spear tip was. Seig's father, Dieterhoffmann arrived with his brutes, and captured the Joneses and O'Neal. Kurt and Jorge tied up Indy and O'Neal, while Dieterhoffmann explained that with the Spear assembled, his son, who had been intentionally kept pure, could wield the Spear to restore German domination, which Hitler, an Austrian, had failed to do. Dieterhoffmann also surprised his son, by",
"psg_id": "11740080"
},
{
"title": "The Spear of Destiny (Ravenscroft)",
"text": "The Spear of Destiny (Ravenscroft) The Spear of Destiny: the occult power behind the spear which pierced the side of Christ is a bestselling 1972 popular occult book by the anthroposophist writer Trevor Ravenscroft (1921-1989), published by Neville Armstrong's Neville Spearman Publishers. Ravenscroft claimed that the book was based on research \"by using mystical meditation\" and on the papers of the Austrian anthroposophist Walter Stein given to Ravenscroft by his widow. Ravenscroft originally claimed to have met Stein, but later only claimed contact through a medium with Walter Stein's spirit. In 1979 Ravenscroft sued James Herbert for copyright infringement in",
"psg_id": "20126618"
},
{
"title": "Armed Islamic Group of Algeria",
"text": "Armed Islamic Group of Algeria The Armed Islamic Group (GIA, from ; , \"\") was one of the two main Islamist insurgents groups that fought the Algerian government and army in the Algerian Civil War. It was created from smaller armed groups following the 1992 military coup and arrest and internment of thousands of officials in the Islamist Islamic Salvation Front (FIS) party after that party won the first round of parliamentary elections in December 1991. It was led by a succession of \"amirs\" (commanders) who were killed or arrested one after another. Unlike the other main armed groups, the",
"psg_id": "2037845"
},
{
"title": "Nation Multimedia Group",
"text": "\"Thailand's Independent Newspaper\". The company later expanded into Thai business newspaper publishing and television media, both of which are number one in their respective news categories in Thailand. Nation Multimedia is a founding member of Asia News Network, an alliance of 21 media in 19 Asian countries. The Nation Group operates eight business units: The Nation Multimedia Group publishes the following: Nation Multimedia Group Nation Multimedia Group Public Company Limited (NMG) () is one of Thailand's largest media companies. The company operates two digital television stations, three national newspapers (English, Thai business, and Thai mass circulation), a university, a book",
"psg_id": "7483097"
},
{
"title": "Brothers of the Spear",
"text": "Brothers of the Spear \"Brothers of the Spear\" was a long-running backup feature in the \"Tarzan\" comic-book series created by American company Western Publishing and published first through Dell Comics and then through Gold Key Comics. Though published as part of a licensed Edgar Rice Burroughs franchise, this original series was owned by Western. The Brothers of the Spear were Dan-El and Natongo. Natongo was the son of a Zulu chieftain in the land that would become Botswana, and Dan-El was his adopted brother. They became sub-chiefs, swore brotherhood and had adventures together. They learned Dan-el was king by right,",
"psg_id": "5398988"
},
{
"title": "End of the Spear",
"text": "real life Steve Saint in our modern day. Mincaye visited Steve Saint in America with humorous results while trying to understand American culture. End of the Spear: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was released on January 24, 2006 by Word Records. The soundtrack features most of the instrumental score by Ron Owen, plus featured music from the film by known CCM artists like Steven Curtis Chapman and BarlowGirl, among others. In 2007, the album won a Dove Award for Instrumental Album of the Year at the 38th GMA Dove Awards. End of the Spear End of the Spear is a 2005",
"psg_id": "6945518"
},
{
"title": "Group of Popular Combatants",
"text": "Group of Popular Combatants The Group of Popular Combatants (, GCP) is a far-left insurgent movement active in the Republic of Ecuador. It is the armed wing of the Marxist–Leninist Communist Party of Ecuador (, PCMLE), a party formed in 1964 as a split from the Communist Party of Ecuador and internationally affiliated with the International Conference of Marxist–Leninist Parties and Organizations (Unity & Struggle). The party belongs to an anti-revisionist tradition of Marxism–Leninism, one originally aligned with Albania during the Cold War and frequently referred to as Hoxhaism. The armed wing was originally formed in 1994, during the presidency",
"psg_id": "18386247"
},
{
"title": "Structure of the Canadian Armed Forces in 1989",
"text": "du Canada from CFB Valcartier, while 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group would have been augmented with personnel from 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group. In case of war 3 Wing would have been reinforced by two CF-18 Hornet squadrons based in Canada: The Communication Command provided strategic communications for all services of the armed forces. It operated and maintained several data and voice communication networks. With an active force of 3,300 troops and 1,570 reservists Communication Command was the smallest of the armed forces commands. Communication Command provided signal squadrons to the three brigades and Special Service Force of Mobile Command,",
"psg_id": "19788078"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "O'Neal assembled the half of the spear tip to a shaft of yew and attached the sprig of the Holy Thorn to it. Jones and Stein arrived, but the piece that they had taken from Seigfried was a decoy. The Nazis arrived, and as Kurt reached for the partially assembled spear, the missing spear tip half shot out of Dieterhoffmann's pocket and reattached itself to the rest of spear, which then took flight around the room. Kurt was impaled, and the cavern started to collapse. Trying to find safe ground, O'Neal stepped on a large spiral carving, which began to",
"psg_id": "11740093"
},
{
"title": "Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation",
"text": "consisted of multiple political groups of left-wing orientation, including some Christian Socialists, a dissident group of Slovene Sokols (also known as \"National Democrats\"), and a group of intellectuals around the journals \"Sodobnost\" and \"Ljubljanski zvon\", during the course of the war, the influence of the Communist Party of Slovenia started to grow, until the founding groups signed the so-called Dolomite Declaration (), giving the exclusive right to organize themselves as a political party only to the communists, on 1 March 1943. On 3 October 1943, on the session, known as Assembly of the Delegates of the Slovene Nation, which was",
"psg_id": "7681049"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "the thorn tree to rebuild the Spear, and the four plotted to question the young would-be mystic from the Nazi group Seigfried. Henry sent a letter to Seigfried, inviting him to meet alone. That sundown, Seigfried arrived at the Chalice Well alone, with the note. Since Henry had not arrived, the youth drank from the well, and received a vision about the nature of the Spear, with Seigfried as a knight. Overhearing Seig talking about having his blood purified by the Spear, Henry Jones arrived and remarked on some of the sins of Germany during this time - and alluded",
"psg_id": "11740079"
},
{
"title": "Wing Heli",
"text": "on 17 May 1979. On September 9, 2010, Wing Heli was disbanded and the standard was handed over to the Competence Centre Air. The A109BAs moved to Beauvechain to become 1st Wing. Wing Heli The Wing Heli was a helicopter wing in the Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces. The mission of the Wing Heli is to intervene in order to provide aid to the nation, urgent humanitarian aid and armed support on the national territory, to evacuate Belgian nationals from areas of crisis and to participate in peacekeeping operations. The standard of the Wing Heli bears the following",
"psg_id": "10820421"
},
{
"title": "People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola",
"text": "People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola The People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola () or FAPLA was originally the armed wing of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) but later (1975–1991) became Angola's official armed forces when the MPLA took control of the government. After the Bicesse Accords in 1993, the FAPLA were transformed in the Angolan Armed Forces (\"Forças Armadas de Angola\") or FAA, by the integration of the members of the Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola or FALA, which constituted the former armed wing of UNITA. In the early 1960s the MPLA",
"psg_id": "11370238"
},
{
"title": "People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola",
"text": "had held these positions since 1982. People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola The People's Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola () or FAPLA was originally the armed wing of the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) but later (1975–1991) became Angola's official armed forces when the MPLA took control of the government. After the Bicesse Accords in 1993, the FAPLA were transformed in the Angolan Armed Forces (\"Forças Armadas de Angola\") or FAA, by the integration of the members of the Armed Forces of Liberation of Angola or FALA, which constituted the former armed wing of UNITA.",
"psg_id": "11370251"
},
{
"title": "Nation Multimedia Group",
"text": "Nation Multimedia Group Nation Multimedia Group Public Company Limited (NMG) () is one of Thailand's largest media companies. The company operates two digital television stations, three national newspapers (English, Thai business, and Thai mass circulation), a university, a book and cartoon unit, printing and logistics operations, and new media and digital platforms. Its symbol on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) is \"NMG\". Nation Multimedia Group was founded on 1 July 1971 by a group of Thai journalists with the launch of \"The Voice of the Nation\", an English language newspaper. It was later renamed \"The Nation\" with the motto",
"psg_id": "7483096"
},
{
"title": "Spear",
"text": "\"hastati\" and \"principes\", often fought with a sword called a \"gladius\" and \"pila\", heavy javelins that were specifically designed to be thrown at an enemy to pierce and foul a target's shield. Originally the \"principes\" were armed with a short spear called a \"hasta\", but these gradually fell out of use, eventually being replaced by the gladius. The third line, the \"triarii\", continued to use the \"hasta\". From the late 2nd century BC, all legionaries were equipped with the \"pilum\". The \"pilum\" continued to be the standard legionary spear until the end of the 2nd century AD. \"Auxilia\", however, were",
"psg_id": "396148"
},
{
"title": "Laurinda Hope Spear",
"text": "the group she created, Laurinda Spear Products. She instituted the interior design practice within the firm, which has earned a spot in the Interior Design Hall of Fame. Spear is married to Bernardo Fort Brescia, the son of billionaire heiress Rosa Brescia Cafferata. They reside in Coconut Grove, Florida. Laurinda Hope Spear Laurinda Hope Spear, FAIA, ASLA, LEED AP (born 1950) is an American architect and landscape architect based in Miami, Florida. She is one of the founders of Arquitectonica, the international architecture, planning, and interior design firm, which formed in 1977. In 2005, in order to further explore sustainable",
"psg_id": "14544656"
},
{
"title": "Moora Neya, or The Message of the Spear",
"text": "an Australian.' Subsequently we did another picture in which a few aborigines figured, and this time, we didn't bother about the real thing; Strange, to say, the movie fan was most enthusiastic over the counterfeit presentment, and remarked that it paid in picture work to stick to nature every- time. He seemed so happy that I had not the heart to undeceive him/ Moora Neya, or The Message of the Spear Moora Neya, or the Message of the Spear is a 1911 Australian silent film which was the first Australian movie to emphasise aboriginal people. It was described by a",
"psg_id": "15891130"
},
{
"title": "Moora Neya, or The Message of the Spear",
"text": "Moora Neya, or The Message of the Spear Moora Neya, or the Message of the Spear is a 1911 Australian silent film which was the first Australian movie to emphasise aboriginal people. It was described by a contemporary newspaper report as \"on the same lines as the Indian cowboy pictures with which the public are familiar, except that it is a colonial production, and blackfellows are substituted for Indians.\" It is considered a lost film. The plot consists of 41 scenes and appears to be an original written for the screen. On a station west of the Darling River, Harry",
"psg_id": "15891124"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "Rebecca Stein again, but were glad to have recovered half of the spear tip—O'Neal had secretly swapped Dieterhoffmann's spear tip bundle with a bundle containing the Celtic weapon fragment. They spied a submarine snorkel, closing to provide an escort for the Nazis on the ferry. An underwater mine exploded, causing O'Neal and the spear tip to be knocked out of the ship. After grabbing the spear tip, Indiana dove in to pull O'Neal to safety. Back in the boat, Henry noticed that the spear tip half pointed itself in a heading to lead them to where they needed to go.",
"psg_id": "11740088"
},
{
"title": "Wing Heli",
"text": "Wing Heli The Wing Heli was a helicopter wing in the Air Component of the Belgian Armed Forces. The mission of the Wing Heli is to intervene in order to provide aid to the nation, urgent humanitarian aid and armed support on the national territory, to evacuate Belgian nationals from areas of crisis and to participate in peacekeeping operations. The standard of the Wing Heli bears the following battle honours: These battle honours were obtained by the 6th Reconnaissance Squadron () during the First World War. This standard was presented to the Belgian Army Light Aviation by King Baudouin I",
"psg_id": "10820420"
},
{
"title": "Hasta (spear)",
"text": "Italian and Spanish with the spelling \"asta\" and may have passed in modified form or meaning into other languages such as Albanian (\"heshtë\", \"spear\"). Hasta (spear) Hasta (plural: \"hastae\") is a Latin word meaning \"spear\". \"Hastae\" were carried by early Roman legionaries, in particular they were carried by and gave their name to those Roman soldiers known as \"hastati\". However, during republican times, the \"hastati\" were re-armed with \"pila\" and \"gladii\" and the \"hasta\" was only retained by the \"triarii\". Unlike the \"pilum\", \"verutum\" and \"lancea\", the \"hasta\" was not thrown, but used for thrusting. A \"hasta\" was about in",
"psg_id": "5793832"
},
{
"title": "Spear carrier",
"text": "δόρυ, \"spear,\" and φέρω, \"to carry\") originally meant a soldier armed with a spear acting as a bodyguard or ceremonial guard to noblemen. The modern meaning has its roots in classical Greek tragedy; as plays such as \"Antigone\" and \"Oedipus Rex\" concerned the tragic fate of nobles, several nondescript soldiers or guards were required to appear in the background, and the term was used to describe the guards who just escorted the main characters. The 1968 Nebula Award-winning novel \"Rite of Passage\", by Alexei Panshin, mentions the protagonist's observations of the role of spear carriers in real life: The term",
"psg_id": "6454699"
},
{
"title": "Armed Islamic Group of Algeria",
"text": "According to Ahmed, \"Joseph's testimony has been corroborated by numerous defectors from the Algerian secret services.\" However, according to Andrew Whitley of Human Rights Watch, \"It was clear that armed Islamist groups were responsible for many of the killings of both civilians and security force members that had been attributed to them by the authorities. According to \"the Shadow Report on Algeria\", Algerians such as Zazi Sadou, have collected testimonies by survivors that their attackers were unmasked and were recognised as local radicals - in one case even an elected member of the FIS. Armed Islamic Group of Algeria The",
"psg_id": "2037878"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "Seigfried also crashed in the mire. Knowing where Jones was headed, Dieterhoffmann stopped to pick up his vehicle-less men. Inside the mound, O'Neal recounted the history of the Spear of Lugh, a legendary Celtic weapon, and Henry Jones noted similarities in its lore to the Spear of Longinus, as quoted from Le Morte d'Arthur, and they concluded that it was likely that they were one and the same – the spear had started in Ireland, and was taken to Wales, which was conquered by Romans, who took it to Jerusalem, and then it returned to Britain with Joseph of Arimathea.",
"psg_id": "11740092"
},
{
"title": "Spear",
"text": "The development of both the long, two-handed pike and gunpowder in Renaissance Europe saw an ever-increasing focus on integrated infantry tactics. Those infantry not armed with these weapons carried variations on the pole-arm, including the halberd and the bill. Ultimately, the spear proper was rendered obsolete on the battlefield. Its last flowering was the half-pike or spontoon, a shortened version of the pike carried by officers and NCOs. While originally a weapon, this came to be seen more as a badge of office, or \"leading staff\" by which troops were directed. The half-pike, sometimes known as a boarding pike, was",
"psg_id": "396172"
},
{
"title": "Ruskin Spear",
"text": "of musician Roger Ruskin Spear. Official Site: http://www.ruskinspear.com/ Ruskin Spear Ruskin Spear, CBE, RA (30 June 1911 – 17 January 1990) was an English painter. Born in Hammersmith, Spear attended the local art school before going on to the Royal College of Art in 1930. He began his teaching career at Croydon School of Art, going on to teach at the Royal College of Art from 1948 to 1975. Initially influenced by Walter Sickert and the Camden Town Group, and the portraiture of the Euston Road School, his work often has a narrative quality, with elements of humour and gentle",
"psg_id": "5643945"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "with Professor Jones, who filled them in on the history of the Spear as they climbed up Wearyall Hill. At the site of the Holy Thorn, Henry was prevented from grasping a sprig by Edwina Cheltingham, who, though first serious at stopping botanical vandalism, introduced herself. As Henry explained that the spear tip was to be found in the Weltliche Schatzkammer of Vienna, Cheltingham got involved and pointed out that some speculated that the Staff of Joseph which grew into the thorn may have also been the shaft of the Spear. Indy realized that the Nazis needed the wood from",
"psg_id": "11740078"
},
{
"title": "Woomera (spear-thrower)",
"text": "could be used as a shield for protection against spears and boomerangs. The woomera is held in one hand while the other hand places the butt of the spear on the woomera's hook; the hollow curved shape facilitates this alignment without looking. The woomera doubles the length of the thrower's arm, greatly increasing the velocity of the spear. Correcting for the game animal's lateral dodging is accomplished by tilting the wing-shape woomera during the throw for last-second corrections. The kinetic energy of a spear launched from a woomera has been calculated as four times that of an arrow launched from",
"psg_id": "8825217"
},
{
"title": "Spear of Fuchai",
"text": "for his personal use, this spear.\" Spear of Fuchai The Spear of Fuchai (吳王夫差矛) is purportedly the spear of King Fuchai of Wu, the arch-rival of King Goujian of Yue. It was unearthed in Jiangling, Hubei in November 1983. The script on it is a kind of script used only in the states of Wu, Yue, and Chu called 鸟虫文 or bird and worms script, a variant of seal script. The inscription mirrors the text of King Goujian's Sword, except changing the name of the owner and the type of weapon. In this case, the text reads, \"吴王夫差自作用矛\" or \"[Belonging",
"psg_id": "11601286"
},
{
"title": "End of the Spear",
"text": "and Mincayani did not actually happen as depicted in the film – it was more of a slow, growing love and friendship between the real-life Steve and Mincayani. Opening with a modest first weekend (January 20–22, 2006), \"End of the Spear\" took 8th place (behind one new and three expanding movies) with $4.3 million USD. \"End of the Spear\" became one of the few independently released Christian movies to draw more than $1,000,000 in its first three weekends of release. By the time the film left the box office, it had gross $11,967,000. It has since grossed over $20 million",
"psg_id": "6945516"
},
{
"title": "Spear",
"text": "a long head similar to the Roman \"pilum\", used by the Franks and Anglo-Saxons and the winged (or lugged) spear, which had two prominent wings at the base of the spearhead, either to prevent the spear penetrating too far into an enemy or to aid in spear fencing. Originally a Frankish weapon, the winged spear also was popular with the Vikings. It would become the ancestor of later medieval polearms, such as the \"partisan\" and \"spetum\". The thrusting spear also has the advantage of reach, being considerably longer than other weapon types. Exact spear lengths are hard to deduce as",
"psg_id": "396153"
},
{
"title": "SPEAR Project",
"text": "SPEAR Project The Standing Patrol for Emergency Assessment & Response (SPEAR) is an advisory unit activated for the purpose of rapidly providing relief authorities an estimate of the situation in disaster-affected areas. The Project was launched as a concept proposal by the Conceptium Group in 2004, an initiative taken by its founder, Stefan Templeton. Teams that are trained and equipped for deep-field relief operations in conflict and/or disaster-affected areas are inserted to conduct rapid assessment and administer emergency aid. SPEAR teams support command and control with an information clearing house in three areas: hazard assessment, situational mapping, and communications from",
"psg_id": "14032368"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo",
"text": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo The Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo (AFRK; ) was a paramilitary organization, a military wing of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), the main right-wing party in Kosovo established by Ibrahim Rugova and Bujar Bukoshi. It was active during the Kosovo War (1998–99). Bujar Bukoshi, the former Prime Minister in exile of the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000, created the FARK in Albania with a few dozen former Kosovo Albanian officers of the Yugoslav People's Army gathered by Sali Cekaj. He then put it under the command of",
"psg_id": "6577945"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo",
"text": "PDK, the political successor to the KLA, continuing political disagreements. Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo The Armed Forces of the Republic of Kosovo (AFRK; ) was a paramilitary organization, a military wing of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), the main right-wing party in Kosovo established by Ibrahim Rugova and Bujar Bukoshi. It was active during the Kosovo War (1998–99). Bujar Bukoshi, the former Prime Minister in exile of the self-proclaimed Republic of Kosova from 1991 to 2000, created the FARK in Albania with a few dozen former Kosovo Albanian officers of the Yugoslav People's Army gathered by",
"psg_id": "6577955"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo",
"text": "opposed to the measure and the plan \"took several months to die.\" All military aircraft in the DRC are operated by the Air Force. Jane's World Air Forces states that the Air Force has an estimated strength of 1,800 personnel and is organised into two Air Groups. These Groups command five wings and nine squadrons, of which not all are operational. 1 Air Group is located at Kinshasa and consists of Liaison Wing, Training Wing and Logistical Wing and has a strength of five squadrons. 2 Tactical Air Group is located at Kaminia and consists of Pursuit and Attack Wing",
"psg_id": "98561"
},
{
"title": "Brothers of the Spear",
"text": "issue #18 in May 1982, with reprinted material only. Du Bois wrote the series beginning with issue #2. Jesse Santos did the artwork for the first 12 issues, followed by Dan Spiegle. In 2012, Dark Horse Comics started a hardcover archive series. The first volume reprinted strips from \"Tarzan\" #25–67. The second volume reprints strips from \"Tarzan\" #68–109. The third volume reprints strips from \"Tarzan\" #110-156, #160-161 and #202-203. Brothers of the Spear \"Brothers of the Spear\" was a long-running backup feature in the \"Tarzan\" comic-book series created by American company Western Publishing and published first through Dell Comics and",
"psg_id": "5398991"
},
{
"title": "Spear (comics)",
"text": "Island where he reunites with his brother Mangler. Together, the two form a group with Iron Fist and fellow inmates Gamecock and Big Ben Donovan's son Little Ben Donovan. Spear is a skilled marksman where he is an expert with a unique speargun that he created where it fires a variety of unique ammunition like forked spears, incendiary and explosive shafts, and hollow shafts containing messages or gasses. He is also an expert at hand-to-hand combat. Spear (comics) Spear is a fictional supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. Spear first appeared in \"Power Man\" #28 and",
"psg_id": "19286713"
},
{
"title": "Spear of Destiny (band)",
"text": "on Saxophone. Spear of Destiny recorded one session for John Peel (recorded 22 November 1982, transmitted on BBC Radio 1 on 29 November 1982). \"The band played a punk-influenced form of power rock, which often had an anthemic feel.\" Their second album, \"One Eyed Jacks\" was released in 1984. It reached No. 22 in the UK Albums Chart Spear of Destiny’s reputation in the mid-1980s depended to a greater extent on their live performances. In 1985, their album, \"World Service\" reached the UK Top 20. Founder member Stan Stammers left in 1986. In the wake of the release of the",
"psg_id": "4619781"
},
{
"title": "Khmer National Armed Forces",
"text": "main cities, was increasingly regarded as the military wing of the Phnom Penh regime rather than of the nation itself. Facing them was the FUNK’s armed wing, the Cambodian People's National Liberation Armed Forces (CPNLAF) which received arms and ammunition freely from the nation's porous borders. While the CPNLAF was far smaller, the FANK High Command was always faced with the problem of how to provide adequate equipment for the swelling number of volunteers who flocked to fight the NVA and the Khmer Rouge from their dwindling stocks. As the war progressed, weapons and ammunition, not to mention training grounds,",
"psg_id": "7069186"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "shriek – O'Neal had stepped on the Stone of Fal and was a true king of Ireland. The spear commanded the spear to come to him, but it drove into his chest. Henry Jones took the spear, and the morning light of the Equinox shone in, illuminating the spear and the Stone. Professor Jones, Dieterhoffmann, and Seigfried witnessed the marvel of blood streaming from the tip of the spear, though Indiana, a skeptic, was unable to see the miracle. As Seigfried prayed in thanksgiving for witnessing the spectacle, his father began bleeding heavily and collapsed in death. The cavern started",
"psg_id": "11740094"
},
{
"title": "The Nation of Ulysses",
"text": "during performances. Svenonius described Nation of Ulysses performances as \"an extraordinary freak-out kind of thing [...] really masochistic, lots of blood [...] cacophonous, and violent, and aggressive.\" The Nation of Ulysses The Nation of Ulysses was an American punk rock band from Washington, D.C., formed in spring 1988 with four members. Originally known as simply \"Ulysses,\" the first mark of the group consisted of Ian Svenonius on vocals and trumpet, Steve Kroner on guitar, Steve Gamboa on bass guitar, and James Canty on drums. Tim Green joined the band late in 1989 as a guitarist and the band became \"Nation",
"psg_id": "6364862"
},
{
"title": "Bear spear",
"text": "Bear spear A bear spear was a medieval type of spear used in hunting for bears and other large animals. The sharpened head of a bear spear was enlarged and usually took the form of a bay leaf. Right under the head there was a short crosspiece that helped fix the spear in the body of an animal and keep it at a distance from the hunter. The bear spear was similar to a boar spear, but it had a longer and harder shaft and a larger head. Often it was placed against the ground on its rear point, which",
"psg_id": "14518532"
},
{
"title": "Armed Islamic Group of Algeria",
"text": "with the pro-government \"patriots\" or others, some enlisting themselves in the services of landowners and frightening illegal occupants off of property. In 1999 the \"Law on Civil Concord\" granting amnesty to fighters was officially rejected by the GIA but accepted by many rank-and-file Islamist fighters; an estimated 85 percent surrendered their arms and returned to civilian life. The Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC) splinter faction appears to have eclipsed the GIA since approximately 1998 and is currently assessed by the CIA to be the most effective armed group remaining inside Algeria. Both the GIA and GSPC leadership continue",
"psg_id": "2037871"
},
{
"title": "Cape Spear",
"text": "Cape Spear Cape Spear, located on the Avalon Peninsula near St. John's, Newfoundland, is the easternmost point in Canada (52°37'W), and North America, excluding Danish-controlled Greenland. Cape Spear is within the municipal boundaries of the city of St. John's, located about from Blackhead, an amalgamated area of St. John's. The Portuguese named this location \"Cabo da Esperança\" which means \"cape of hope\", which became \"Cap d'Espoir\" in French and finally \"Cape Spear\". Cape Spear is the trailhead/trail end for two components of the East Coast Trail. The Cape Spear region was originally inhabited by Beothuk peoples. Additionally, Mi'kmaq communities practiced",
"psg_id": "3496480"
},
{
"title": "Council of the Haida Nation",
"text": "The Mandate is an order for the Council of the Haida Nation. The Council follows the Mandate to the best of their abilities. The Mandate acknowledges the following: The constitute acknowledges the Haida language (X̱aayda Kil) and English as the official languages of the Haida Nation. The House of Assembly is a legal form of Haida National government. This group has the right to pass laws which align with the Constitution of the Haida Nation. The House of Assembly meet yearly with the Council of the Haida Nation. These meetings occur in October during the third week of the month.",
"psg_id": "20674297"
},
{
"title": "Qiang (spear)",
"text": "Qiang (spear) Qiang (pronunciation: , English approximation: , ) is the Chinese term for spear. Due to its relative ease of manufacture, the spear in many variations was ubiquitous on the pre-modern Chinese battlefield. It is known as one of the four major weapons, along with the \"gun\" (staff), \"dao\" (sabre), and the \"jian\" (straight sword), called in this group \"The King of Weapons\". Common features of the Chinese spear are the leaf shaped blade and red horse-hair tassel lashed just below. The tassel shows elite troop status. It also serves a tactical purpose. When the spear is moving quickly,",
"psg_id": "6204373"
},
{
"title": "The Nation of Ulysses",
"text": "The Nation of Ulysses The Nation of Ulysses was an American punk rock band from Washington, D.C., formed in spring 1988 with four members. Originally known as simply \"Ulysses,\" the first mark of the group consisted of Ian Svenonius on vocals and trumpet, Steve Kroner on guitar, Steve Gamboa on bass guitar, and James Canty on drums. Tim Green joined the band late in 1989 as a guitarist and the band became \"Nation of Ulysses.\" Nation of Ulysses disbanded in the autumn of 1992, having failed to complete their third album. After the breakup, Svenonius, Canty, and Gamboa went on",
"psg_id": "6364848"
},
{
"title": "Ruskin Spear",
"text": "Ruskin Spear Ruskin Spear, CBE, RA (30 June 1911 – 17 January 1990) was an English painter. Born in Hammersmith, Spear attended the local art school before going on to the Royal College of Art in 1930. He began his teaching career at Croydon School of Art, going on to teach at the Royal College of Art from 1948 to 1975. Initially influenced by Walter Sickert and the Camden Town Group, and the portraiture of the Euston Road School, his work often has a narrative quality, with elements of humour and gentle satire. Because he used a wheelchair due to",
"psg_id": "5643943"
},
{
"title": "Nation Media Group",
"text": "Nation Media Group Nation Media Group (abbreviated as NMG) is a Kenyan media group listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange. NMG was founded by Aga Khan IV in 1959 and is the largest private media house in East and Central Africa with offices in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. In 1999, NMG launched NTV, a news channel in Kenya, and Easy FM. The group publications include \"The EastAfrican\", \"Daily Nation\", \"Business Daily Africa\", \"Daily Monitor\", \"The Citizen\", \"NMG Investor Briefing\", \"Taifa Leo\" and \"Zuqka\". The \"Daily Nation\" and the Sunday edition of the same newspaper, the \"Sunday Nation\", celebrated their 50th",
"psg_id": "12595174"
},
{
"title": "Spear of Fuchai",
"text": "Spear of Fuchai The Spear of Fuchai (吳王夫差矛) is purportedly the spear of King Fuchai of Wu, the arch-rival of King Goujian of Yue. It was unearthed in Jiangling, Hubei in November 1983. The script on it is a kind of script used only in the states of Wu, Yue, and Chu called 鸟虫文 or bird and worms script, a variant of seal script. The inscription mirrors the text of King Goujian's Sword, except changing the name of the owner and the type of weapon. In this case, the text reads, \"吴王夫差自作用矛\" or \"[Belonging to] King Fuchai of Wu made",
"psg_id": "11601285"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "and the two tried to find a vehicle to take to the ferry terminal at Holyhead. Jones and O'Neal arrived at Holyhead, and hid in the shadows and formed a plan to recover the spear tip and rescue the captives as the Nazis commandeered the ferry. O'Neal called out to the Nazis from an upper deck of the ferry, which diverted their attention, allowing Professor Jones to escape, and Indiana Jones the chance to sneak up on Seigfried and pull a knife to him. With the tables turned, Dieterhoffmann gave up a bundle containing the spear tip to O'Neal. When",
"psg_id": "11740086"
},
{
"title": "Spear (comics)",
"text": "Cage and Quentin Chase confronted Spear at his tenement apartment. He engaged Luke Cage in a running battle which took to the top of an outbound bus which crashed into the Hudson River. After knocking out Spear, Luke Cage handed him over to the police. During the \"Shadowland\" storyline, Spear appeared as a member of Nightshade's Flashmob (which also consisted of Chemistro II, Cheshire Cat, Comanche, Dontrell Hamilton, and Mr. Fish II) where they attacked Victor Alvarez on a rooftop. Spear was quickly pinned to the wall by Power Man and then knocked out by Luke Cage. Flashmob was remanded",
"psg_id": "19286711"
},
{
"title": "Nation Media Group",
"text": "largest shareholders controlled 62.57 percent of the total shareholding. These included: Nation Media Group Nation Media Group (abbreviated as NMG) is a Kenyan media group listed on the Nairobi Stock Exchange. NMG was founded by Aga Khan IV in 1959 and is the largest private media house in East and Central Africa with offices in Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. In 1999, NMG launched NTV, a news channel in Kenya, and Easy FM. The group publications include \"The EastAfrican\", \"Daily Nation\", \"Business Daily Africa\", \"Daily Monitor\", \"The Citizen\", \"NMG Investor Briefing\", \"Taifa Leo\" and \"Zuqka\". The \"Daily Nation\" and the Sunday",
"psg_id": "12595177"
},
{
"title": "John Murray Spear",
"text": "of Theodore Parker and William Lloyd Garrison. In the 1840s, Spear was active in petitioning for social reform including women’s rights, labor reform and the removal of the death penalty. Also a prominent abolitionist, Spear organized the first Universalist anti-slavery convention and helped to oversee the stretch of the Underground Railroad which ran through Boston. In 1852, Spear broke all ties with the Universalist church, and instead turned to Spiritualism. He claimed that he was in contact with \"The Association of Electrizers\", a group of spirits including Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, John Quincy Adams, and Benjamin Rush, as well as",
"psg_id": "9856623"
},
{
"title": "Eric Spear",
"text": "Eric Spear Eric Spear (18 April 1908 – 3 November 1966) was an English composer of film music most noted for writing the theme tune to the ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\". He was born in Croydon and died in Southampton. Spear participated in the 1953 film \"Streets of Shadow\", which featured the German World War I spy Elsbeth Schragmüller. His theme for the 1954 movie \"Meet Mr. Callaghan\" was rendered as a best-selling record by Les Paul. For a short time in the 1960s, Spear lived in Guernsey. Spear is best known for composing the original theme tune for",
"psg_id": "4809437"
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation (Industry song)",
"text": "State of the Nation (Industry song) \"State of the Nation\" is a song by American band Industry taken from their final studio album \"Stranger to Stranger\". The song peaked at #10 in Sweden and #1 in Italy. It also became a big hit in the Philippines. In the US, the song peaked at #81 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. \"State of the Nation\" is also ranked as one of the most favorite songs of the United States Armed Forces. The band performs the song on an aircraft carrier/naval ship while being surrounded by uniformed members of the United States",
"psg_id": "15364457"
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation (Industry song)",
"text": "grounds. Jon Carin plays a Korg Poly-800. State of the Nation (Industry song) \"State of the Nation\" is a song by American band Industry taken from their final studio album \"Stranger to Stranger\". The song peaked at #10 in Sweden and #1 in Italy. It also became a big hit in the Philippines. In the US, the song peaked at #81 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart. \"State of the Nation\" is also ranked as one of the most favorite songs of the United States Armed Forces. The band performs the song on an aircraft carrier/naval ship while being surrounded",
"psg_id": "15364460"
},
{
"title": "Credit to the Nation",
"text": "Credit to the Nation Credit to the Nation are an English hip hop group, who had chart success in the 1990s and are best known for their Nirvana-sampling single \"Call It What You Want\". The band is fronted by Matty Hanson (a.k.a. MC Fusion) and was initially noted for fusing a conscious hip hop style with political elements taken from the British left-wing and anarchist movements. Following their initial split in 1998, the band reformed in 2011. Credit to the Nation were formed in the early 1990s by Matthew (Matty) David Hanson (b. Wednesbury, West Midlands, England) with his friends",
"psg_id": "7593168"
},
{
"title": "Eric Spear",
"text": "Love and his Orchestra was released as a single on the Embassy label in April 1962, which was also included on an EP of television themes. EMI's release of the original recording in 2005 includes the theme's solo trumpet introductory bar, which has never been heard on the serial. Eric Spear Eric Spear (18 April 1908 – 3 November 1966) was an English composer of film music most noted for writing the theme tune to the ITV soap opera \"Coronation Street\". He was born in Croydon and died in Southampton. Spear participated in the 1953 film \"Streets of Shadow\", which",
"psg_id": "4809441"
},
{
"title": "Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People",
"text": "be the armed forces of Guinea-Bissau. Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People The Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People () or FARP were originally the armed wing of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde during the struggle against Portuguese rule in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Since 1973, they constitute the national armed forces of Guinea-Bissau. A separate Cape Verdean branch of the FARP constituted the national armed forces of this country from 1975 until the early 1990s, when these were renamed \"Cape Verdean Armed Forces\". In the process of the preparation of the armed struggle",
"psg_id": "5346823"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "took the letter, sent from his father. The woman shone a mirror into the mound, which caused the interior to light up, sending Jones to tumble down inside the cave. Jones had a vision of a verdant paradise, where a cloaked man claimed that the spear was his. Wrestling with the man, Jones saw that it was Adolf Hitler. Trying to escape, Jones found a tree, half blooming, and half burning. The mysterious woman explained the nature of the spear and ordered Jones to find it. Waking from his hallucination, Jones found himself in the common room of Connely's Inn,",
"psg_id": "11740073"
},
{
"title": "The Nation Institute",
"text": "is a reporter with the Investigative Fund of The Nation Institute. Dana Goldstein is a Puffin Fellow at The Nation Institute. Lee Fang is a reporting fellow at The Nation Institute and a contributing writer at \"The Nation\". Tom Engelhardt is the creator of The Nation Institute's tomdispatch.com, an online blog. The Puffin/Nation Prize for Creative Citizenship is an American award citation given jointly by The Nation Institute and the Puffin Foundation. The Nation Institute started Nation Books in 2000, in partnership with Thunder's Mouth Press. In 2007, Perseus Books Group acquired Avalon Publishing Group, which was the parent company",
"psg_id": "17669034"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "Landing on the east coast of Ireland, Indiana Jones went off in the rain to rescue Stein at Connely's Inn, while Henry Jones and O'Neal were sent to the dig site to assemble the spear from the components they had. At Connely's Inn, Dieterhoffmann and his Nazis wore their uniforms as they met with Connely and his Blueshirt unit. With Jones in possession of a piece of the spear tip, Dieterhoffmann was furious, and Stein's comments made him even madder. While Jones climbed up the outside of the building, Dieterhoffmann struck Stein to the ground, an action that prompted an",
"psg_id": "11740089"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of Malta",
"text": "Air Wing of the Armed Forces of Malta is the aerial component of the current Maltese military. The Air Wing has responsibility for the security of Maltese airspace, conducts maritime patrol and Search and Rescue duties, and provides military assistance to other government departments of Malta. With air wing of armed forces of Malta being based at Malta international airport The Maritime Squadron of the Armed Forces of Malta is the naval component of the current Maltese military. The Maritime Squadron has responsibility for the security of Maltese territorial waters, maritime surveillance and law enforcement, as well as search and",
"psg_id": "4493868"
},
{
"title": "Nation of Domination",
"text": "Nation of Domination The Nation of Domination (NOD) was a professional wrestling tag team in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) from November 17, 1996 to November 28, 1998. The group was formed by newcomer Faarooq in 1996 and remained an influencing faction in the company. While in the group, The Rock was a one-time Intercontinental Champion and D'Lo Brown was a two-time European Champion. The original Nation of Domination was formed in 1996 in the United States Wrestling Association (USWA). The group was led by PG-13, (a tag team consisting of J.C. Ice and Wolfie D). Additional members included Kareem",
"psg_id": "2968587"
},
{
"title": "Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People",
"text": "Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People The Revolutionary Armed Forces of the People () or FARP were originally the armed wing of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde during the struggle against Portuguese rule in Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde. Since 1973, they constitute the national armed forces of Guinea-Bissau. A separate Cape Verdean branch of the FARP constituted the national armed forces of this country from 1975 until the early 1990s, when these were renamed \"Cape Verdean Armed Forces\". In the process of the preparation of the armed struggle against the Portuguese rule over the",
"psg_id": "5346816"
},
{
"title": "Indiana Jones and the Spear of Destiny",
"text": "to crumble again, and everyone tried to escape. After Henry Jones let go of the spear, Otto Nehrkorn stole the spear tip and was chased by Indiana Jones. Jones stopped his pursuit to pull the rapt Seigfried to safety. Aboveground, Nehrkorn escaped in the one remaining car, and O'Neal, Stein and the Joneses watched Seigfried die in religious ecstasy. Using a quote from The Quest of the Holy Grail, the senior Jones uttered a brief eulogy over the lad. The mound collapsed in on itself, and grass mystically regrew over it, which O'Neal took as a superstitious sign to keep",
"psg_id": "11740095"
},
{
"title": "Youth of the Nation Conference",
"text": "Youth of the Nation Conference Youth of the Nation was an annual Christian Youth Conference held for 15 years in Wanganui, New Zealand. Unlike many other Christian conferences, YOTN was not held by one specific church or denomination. Youth of the Nation conferences and events were hosted by The Youth Of The Nation Trust in collaboration with other churches from around New Zealand. For the first 8 years the conferences were hosted by the Wanganui Christian Youth Workers collective, a group of Christian youth pastors & workers from different denominations & churches across the city of Wanganui. This collective included",
"psg_id": "12341210"
},
{
"title": "Frank Spear",
"text": "years. In 1995, Dr. Spear opened his own private practice in Seattle, specializing in comprehensive restorative and esthetic dentistry, where he continues to practice when he is not teaching or lecturing. Dr. Spear co-founded Creating Restorative Excellence, a didactic and clinical education foundation. He became an affiliate professor in Graduate Prosthodontics at the University of Washington School of Dentistry in 1984. In 1994, Dr. Spear founded The Seattle Institute of Advanced Dental Education. SIADE, later renamed The Spear Institute, which teaches clinical and technical workshops for dentists, technicians and their staff. In 2008, The Spear Institute became Spear Education, and",
"psg_id": "13919437"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of the Empire of Brazil",
"text": "Armed Forces of the Empire of Brazil The Armed Forces of the Empire of Brazil were the overall unified military forces of the Empire of Brazil. The Brazilian military was first formed by Emperor Dom Pedro I to defend the new nation against the Portuguese in the Brazilian War of Independence. The Army and Armada (as the Navy was called) were commissioned in 1822 with the objective of defeating and expelling the Portuguese troops from Brazilian soil. From the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the history of the Empire of Brazil. A sense of",
"psg_id": "13196994"
},
{
"title": "Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba)",
"text": "Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces (Cuba) The Ministry of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Cuba ( – MINFAR), also known as the Ministry of the FAR, is a Cuban military agency which is the executive body of the Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces. The current Minister of the FAR is Corps General Leopoldo Cintra Frías. The MINFAR directs, controls, and executes the policy of the Communist Party of Cuba and the government regarding the activities of the readiness of the nation to defend itself. It is responsible for the budget of the military, as well as for making arms deals",
"psg_id": "20821069"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of the Congolese People",
"text": "Armed Forces of the Congolese People The Armed Forces of the Congolese People (, or FAPC) was a rebel group based in the Ituri region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, active between approximately 2003 and 2005. It was a belligerent in the Ituri conflict. At its height, the group had approximately 2,000 to 3,000 fighters. The FAPC was formed in March 2003. The group was supported by the Ugandan government of Yoweri Museveni which was trying to support its own interests in Eastern Congo following its formal military withdrawal from the region in 2002. Originally, the Ugandan government",
"psg_id": "7436240"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of the Congolese People",
"text": "A few FAPC rebels fled into exile. Armed Forces of the Congolese People The Armed Forces of the Congolese People (, or FAPC) was a rebel group based in the Ituri region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, active between approximately 2003 and 2005. It was a belligerent in the Ituri conflict. At its height, the group had approximately 2,000 to 3,000 fighters. The FAPC was formed in March 2003. The group was supported by the Ugandan government of Yoweri Museveni which was trying to support its own interests in Eastern Congo following its formal military withdrawal from the",
"psg_id": "7436243"
},
{
"title": "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Flight 9064",
"text": "Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Flight 9064 Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Flight 9064 was a military flight from Bratsk Airport to Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Airport with 9 passengers and 9 crew aboard. The airplane was an Ilyushin Il-76TD operated by the Border Guard Service of Russia for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation that had been operated by Aeroflot to carry cargo. The aircraft's registration number was RA-76839. As Flight 9064 was at 29,000 feet, a small fire started on the right wing of the aircraft. The flight crew declared intentions to perform an emergency landing. But as",
"psg_id": "14382358"
},
{
"title": "Greater spear-nosed bat",
"text": "spear-nosed bat has a body length of around , with a wing span of . Despite the large size, it is very light, weighing on average . Its long, thick hair is dark brown, with a slight orange tinge on the ventral side. It has a well-developed nose shaped like a spear-head, which gives it its more common name. The ears are spread far apart and are smaller than in other phyllostomids. The lower lip has a distinctive V-shaped groove and many warts. Both sexes have a throat sac just above breast bone. That of the male is enlarged, while",
"psg_id": "8693425"
},
{
"title": "Spear of Destiny (band)",
"text": "Spear of Destiny (band) Spear of Destiny is a British rock band, founded in 1983 by singer and songwriter Kirk Brandon (born 3 August 1956 in London) and bassist Stan Stammers (born 19 May 1961). It has had an ever-changing line-up through the years. Formed in 1983, the band's original line-up consisted of Kirk Brandon, Stan Stammers, Chris Bell and Lascelles James. In late 1983 this line-up was superseded by Dolphin Taylor on drums, Alan St Clair on guitar, John Lennard on sax and Neil Pyzer on keyboards and additional saxophone. In 1984 John Lennard was replaced by Mickey Donnelly",
"psg_id": "4619780"
},
{
"title": "Liberation Front of the Slovene Nation",
"text": "from various locations and occupying forces confiscated the receivers' antennas from the local population in order to prevent listening to it. The Slovene Partisans were the armed wing of the Liberation Front, which fought in the beginning as a guerilla and later as an army. It was mostly ethnically homogenous and primarily communicated in Slovene. These two features have been considered vital for its success. It was the first Slovene military force. Its most characteristic symbol was the Triglav cap. Contrary to elsewhere in Yugoslavia, where on the freed territories the political life was organized by the military itself, the",
"psg_id": "7681052"
}
] | [
"tripartite alliance",
"african national congress",
"african national",
"african national congress",
"south african native national congress",
"anc",
"flag of the african national congress",
"anc flag",
"south african national native congress",
"african national congress of south africa",
"national democratic revolution"
] |
where in italy did a us military aircraft slice through the steel wire of a cable car in 1998? | [
{
"title": "Cavalese cable car disaster (1998)",
"text": "obligated the U.S. government to pay 75% of this compensation, which it did. On 9 March 1976, 43 people, including 15 children, were killed on the same cable car system as in the 1998 incident. The supporting cable snapped, causing the worst cable car disaster ever. One passenger survived. Cavalese cable car disaster (1998) The Cavalese cable car disaster of 1998, also called the Strage del Cermis (\"Massacre at Cermis\") occurred on 3 February 1998, near the Italian town of Cavalese, a ski resort in the Dolomites some 40 km (25 mi) northeast of Trento. Twenty people died when a",
"psg_id": "2875068"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Steel wire armoured cable",
"text": "Cable and it has a voltage rating of 600/1000 V. SWA cable can be referred to more generally as mains cable, armoured cable, power cable and booklet armoured cable. The name power cable, however, applies to a wide range of cables including 6381Y, NYCY, NYY-J and 6491X Cable. Steel wire armour is only used on multicore versions of the cable. A multicore cable, as the name suggests, is one where there are a number of different cores. When cable has only one core, aluminium wire armour (AWA) is used instead of steel wire. This is because the aluminium is non-magnetic.",
"psg_id": "12651730"
},
{
"title": "Steel wire armoured cable",
"text": "6724 – has LSZH bedding and a black LSZH sheath. Steel wire armoured cable Steel wire armoured cable, commonly abbreviated as SWA, is a hard-wearing power cable designed for the supply of mains electricity. It is one of a number of armoured electrical cables – which include 11 kV Cable and 33 kV Cable – and is found in underground systems, power networks and cable ducting. The typical construction of an SWA cable can be broken down as follows: The PVC version of SWA cable, described above, meets the requirements of both British Standard BS 5467 and International Electrotechnical Commission",
"psg_id": "12651734"
},
{
"title": "Steel wire armoured cable",
"text": "Steel wire armoured cable Steel wire armoured cable, commonly abbreviated as SWA, is a hard-wearing power cable designed for the supply of mains electricity. It is one of a number of armoured electrical cables – which include 11 kV Cable and 33 kV Cable – and is found in underground systems, power networks and cable ducting. The typical construction of an SWA cable can be broken down as follows: The PVC version of SWA cable, described above, meets the requirements of both British Standard BS 5467 and International Electrotechnical Commission standard IEC 60502. It is known as SWA BS 5467",
"psg_id": "12651729"
},
{
"title": "Steel wire armoured cable",
"text": "A magnetic field is produced by the current in a single core cable. This would induce an electric current in the steel wire, which could cause overheating. The use of the armour as the means of providing earthing to the equipment supplied by the cable (a function technically known as the circuit protective conductor or CPC) is a matter of debate within the electrical installation industry. It is sometimes the case that an additional core within the cable is specified as the CPC (for instance, instead of using a two core cable for line and neutral and the armouring as",
"psg_id": "12651731"
},
{
"title": "Steel wire armoured cable",
"text": "the CPC, a three core cable is used) or an external earth wire is run alongside the cable to serve as the CPC. Primary concerns are the relative conductivity of the armouring compared to the cores (which reduces as the cable size increases) and reliability issues. Recent articles by authoritative sources have analysed the practice in detail and concluded that, for the majority of situations, the armouring is adequate to serve as the CPC under UK wiring regulations. The construction of an SWA cable depends on the intended use. When the power cable needs to be installed in a public",
"psg_id": "12651732"
},
{
"title": "Predigtstuhl Cable Car",
"text": "of the three pylons, at heights of 22, 32 and 9 metres was contracted to Hochtief AG, from Munich. The heartpiece, the wire ropeway drive technology and the two elegant pavilion passengers cabins were manufactured by the German, at that time worldwide leading wire ropeways company Adolf Bleichert & Co. from Leipzig, technology based on the \"Bleichert-Zuegg\" system. Predigtstuhl Cable Car The Predigtstuhl Cable Car () has been in operation since 1928 and is the oldest, still running, original large-cabin cable car in the world. Since 2006, the ropeway has been placed under the protection of monuments. And in 2013",
"psg_id": "7236525"
},
{
"title": "Predigtstuhl Cable Car",
"text": "Predigtstuhl Cable Car The Predigtstuhl Cable Car () has been in operation since 1928 and is the oldest, still running, original large-cabin cable car in the world. Since 2006, the ropeway has been placed under the protection of monuments. And in 2013 the \"Predigstuhlbahn\" as well as the hotel and mountain's top restaurant got a new ownership, \"Marga und Josef Posch\", which belongs to the German businessman group Max Eicher. The cable car began operations on 1 July 1928, after only a year's construction. The production of the ropes was assigned to the Westphalian Wire Industry (\"Westfälische Drahtindustrie\"). The building",
"psg_id": "7236524"
},
{
"title": "Through the Wire",
"text": "Although he initially had trouble convincing Roc-A-Fella Records executives to let him make his own album as a rapper, he was able to change their minds after the song's release. \"Through the Wire\" was inspired by the 2002 car accident and West has provided a comedic account of his difficult recovery. The chorus and instrumentals samples a pitch-shifted and sped up version of Chaka Khan's 1985 single \"Through the Fire\". West did not receive writing credit for the song, which instead went to David Foster, Tom Keane, and Cynthia Weil, who wrote \"Through the Fire\". West's rapping is described as",
"psg_id": "6060946"
},
{
"title": "Through the Wire",
"text": "Through the Wire \"Through the Wire\" is the debut single by American rapper Kanye West. West wrote and recorded the song with his jaw wired shut after a car accident in October 2002. The song samples Chaka Khan's 1985 single \"Through the Fire\" and was released on the last day of September 2003 as the lead single from his debut album \"The College Dropout\" (2004). \"Through the Wire\" peaked at number 15 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and received positive reviews from music critics. It was certified Platinum and Silver in the United States and United Kingdom respectively. The song",
"psg_id": "6060943"
},
{
"title": "US Cable",
"text": "the 1980s. In 1992, Liberty Media (owned by TCI) acquired 50% of all of US Cable's cable properties. In 1997, TCI purchased all of the systems in Illinois, Indiana, and New Jersey. While most of US Cable Group's systems were operated under US Cable of Coastal-Texas, L.P., one cable system in Northern New Jersey was operated under US Cable of Paramus-Hillsdale, LLC. This system was acquired by Cablevision from TCI along with several other systems in New York and New Jersey in 1998. In early 1999, US Cable bought the system from Cablevision because of a Federal Trade Commission order",
"psg_id": "11749078"
},
{
"title": "Gibraltar Cable Car",
"text": "Gibraltar Cable Car Gibraltar Cable Car () is an aerial tramway in Gibraltar. The base station of the cable car is located near the southern end of Main Street, next to Alameda Gardens. The Gibraltar Cable Car was built in 1966 by Swiss cable car experts Von Roll Holding, with the base and summit stations designed by Public Works Department architect Brian Helliwell and atop Signal Hill Battery. The battery was located alongside a Signal Station and was equipped with two 3-inch 30-cwt anti-aircraft guns and a 40-mm Bofors gun during World War II. Remains of an earlier cable station",
"psg_id": "16327271"
},
{
"title": "Sugarloaf Cable Car",
"text": "he miraculously survives. During the filming, the stuntman Richard Graydon slipped and narrowly avoided falling to his death. For the scene in which Jaws bites into the steel tramway cable with his teeth, the cable was actually made of liquorice, although Richard Kiel was still required to use his steel dentures. Also in 1979, Las Vegas-based Steven McPeak walked the tightrope on the steel cable, the highest stretch of the cable car route, a feat which entered him into the Guinness Book of World Records. On 18 January 1983, the route was expanded to Sugarloaf Mountain. In 2007, Falko Traber",
"psg_id": "18214531"
},
{
"title": "Optical attached cable",
"text": "or more copper telephone cable, co-ax cable TV cable or fibre optic cable to a pre-installed steel messenger wire using a steel lashing wire and a device called a 'spinner' or 'lasher'. It is used to attach these types of cables to road-side utility pole lines and this type of installation is not covered by the term OPAC. OPAC specifically refers to fibre optic cables attached to overhead power lines where the host conductor is part of the overhead electricity system. Lashed communication cables on the ground wire or an auxiliary grounded wire were installed until the mid-1980s at several",
"psg_id": "18147180"
},
{
"title": "US Cable",
"text": "US Cable The US Cable Group was a cable television provider that at its peak served over 240,000 subscribers in twelve states. It was among the top 35 cable providers in the nation and had cable systems in Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Minnesota, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, South Carolina, Texas and Wisconsin. US Cable was founded as M.A.I. Cablevision in 1976 in Watson, New York by stockbrokers Stephen E. Myers and Michael Anderson. Through the 1970s and 1980s, US Cable acquired and built many cable systems. US Cable had a couple joint ventures with Tele-Communications Inc. (TCI) during",
"psg_id": "11749077"
},
{
"title": "Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"text": "Vallée Blanche Cable Car The Vallée Blanche Cable Car () (), (previously ), is a passenger cable car linking a mountain peak above Courmayeur (Italy) to a peak above Chamonix (France) by passing over the Mont Blanc massif, in the Alps. The engineering was developed by Vittorio Zignoli of Polytechnic University of Turin. No helicopters were used, and all the workers were chosen among locals and alpine guides. After a construction period of four years, it began service in 1958. The cable car connects the peaks of \"Aiguille du Midi\" ( altitude) and \"Pointe Helbronner\" ( altitude), over a distance",
"psg_id": "7206183"
},
{
"title": "3S Cable Car",
"text": "3S Cable Car The 3S Cable Car (Europe), 3S Gondola Lift or 3S Aerial Tramway (US) is a cable car system that was developed by the Swiss company Von Roll transport systems in Thun to unite the benefits of a gondola with those of a reversible cable car system. The first plant of this type, called \"Alpine express I\", was built in 1991 in Saas-Fee. In 1994, a further section - the \"Alpine express II\" - became operational, however, a continuous service of both sections is not possible. The cabs of these plants have space for 30 persons and travel",
"psg_id": "8581898"
},
{
"title": "3S Cable Car",
"text": "the need to use the base area gondolas to get between Whistler and Blackcomb, connecting the areas together. 3S Cable Car The 3S Cable Car (Europe), 3S Gondola Lift or 3S Aerial Tramway (US) is a cable car system that was developed by the Swiss company Von Roll transport systems in Thun to unite the benefits of a gondola with those of a reversible cable car system. The first plant of this type, called \"Alpine express I\", was built in 1991 in Saas-Fee. In 1994, a further section - the \"Alpine express II\" - became operational, however, a continuous service",
"psg_id": "8581903"
},
{
"title": "Steel industry in Italy",
"text": "create a large group of steel production and construction of ships. Steel industry in Italy The beginnings of the steel industry in Italy were strongly influenced by the modest presence of underground iron ore and coal in particular, that occurred in 1880, an increasing import of pig iron from abroad. With the widespread application of iron in the railways and in the mechanical industry in general witnessed the slow renewal of the old ironworks (with the adoption of Martin-Siemens furnaces and converters from scrap iron). The regions of Italy that contributed most to the expansion of production were Liguria, Lombardy,",
"psg_id": "17838897"
},
{
"title": "Houston Wire & Cable",
"text": "Houston Wire & Cable Houston Wire & Cable Company () is one of the largest wire and cable providers in America. The company was founded in 1975 and based in Houston, Texas. As of year 2011, the company provides service to about 6,000 customers with a customer base covering the industries of communications, energy, engineering, utility and transportation. It was ranked in list of Top 200 Best Small Companies in America in 2009 by Forbes The market capitalization of company is $240.05 million with an enterprise value() of $278.93 million. In February, 2014, the company joined Affiliated Distributors (AD), a",
"psg_id": "17874361"
},
{
"title": "Houston Wire & Cable",
"text": "same-day shipment and will-call pickup in Odessa. Houston Wire & Cable Houston Wire & Cable Company () is one of the largest wire and cable providers in America. The company was founded in 1975 and based in Houston, Texas. As of year 2011, the company provides service to about 6,000 customers with a customer base covering the industries of communications, energy, engineering, utility and transportation. It was ranked in list of Top 200 Best Small Companies in America in 2009 by Forbes The market capitalization of company is $240.05 million with an enterprise value() of $278.93 million. In February, 2014,",
"psg_id": "17874363"
},
{
"title": "Vinpearl Cable Car",
"text": "level. The main cable is 52mm stainless steel. The structure is designed earthquake resist Mark <= 7 on the Richter scale. The foundations and the towers were constructed by two Vietnamese companies: Foundations : Kim Do Thanh co., Ltd., Towers : Nam Dong Duong co.,Ltd., Consultant: KPCC, KhanhHoaPublicWorksConsultantCompany. All the project was constructed in 12 months. Total cost 240 billions VN dong. One way runtime is about 15 minutes depending on the wind conditions. Working time: 09:00AM to 09:00PM everyday. Vinpearl Cable Car Vinpearl Cable Car is a 3,320 metre long gondola lift, which links Hon Tre Island with Nha",
"psg_id": "14560980"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "Cable car (railway) A cable car (usually known as a cable tram outside North America) is a type of cable railway used for mass transit where rail cars are hauled by a continuously moving cable running at a constant speed. Individual cars stop and start by releasing and gripping this cable as required. Cable cars are distinct from funiculars, where the cars are permanently attached to the cable, and cable railways, which are similar to funiculars, but where the rail vehicles are attached and detached manually. The first cable-operated railway, employing a moving rope that could be picked up or",
"psg_id": "94398"
},
{
"title": "Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"text": "rescue. On September 8, 2016 110 people were stranded when the cable cars stopped. They needed to be evacuated by helicopter. Vallée Blanche Cable Car The Vallée Blanche Cable Car () (), (previously ), is a passenger cable car linking a mountain peak above Courmayeur (Italy) to a peak above Chamonix (France) by passing over the Mont Blanc massif, in the Alps. The engineering was developed by Vittorio Zignoli of Polytechnic University of Turin. No helicopters were used, and all the workers were chosen among locals and alpine guides. After a construction period of four years, it began service in",
"psg_id": "7206188"
},
{
"title": "Bowden cable",
"text": "Bowden cable A Bowden cable ( ) is a type of flexible cable used to transmit mechanical force or energy by the movement of an inner cable relative to a hollow outer cable housing. The housing is generally of composite construction, consisting of an inner lining, a longitudinally incompressible layer such as a helical winding or a sheaf of steel wire, and a protective outer covering. The linear movement of the inner cable is most often used to transmit a pulling force, although push/pull cables have gained popularity in recent years e.g. as gear shift cables. Many light aircraft use",
"psg_id": "2017947"
},
{
"title": "Through the Wire",
"text": "nominated for Best Rap Solo Performance, which was won by Jay-Z's \"99 Problems\". Legacy As Kanye's debut single, \"Through the Wire\" has been recognized as a jump-start for Kanye's career after the song was played on MTV. Director for the music video, Coodie, would say \"The night of when he did the 'Through the Wire' premiere party at 40-40 Club, that was the night that was like, 'Oh shit.' That's when Def Jam started recognizing him. Everybody was blown away by the video and it just kept building from there. Then after that show on SOBs on October 1st, he",
"psg_id": "6060954"
},
{
"title": "Mining in the Upper Harz",
"text": "network of ponds, dams, ditches and tunnels, originally built to supply the mines with water power. In 1900 water was passed through turbines and electrical winding engines. At that time modern pits emerged with steel hoist frames. The most important innovation in the Upper Harz hauling technology was the \"Albert Cable\" (\"Albert-Seil\"). Chief Mining Engineer (\"Oberbergrat\") Wilhelm Albert (1787–1846) made a cable out of steel wire which was first successfully tested on 23 July 1834 at the Carolina Shaft. That was the birth of the wire cable. As the distance between shaft and workings lengthened and increasing quantities of material",
"psg_id": "14526189"
},
{
"title": "Northwestern Steel and Wire",
"text": "Northwestern Steel and Wire Northwestern Steel and Wire was a steel mill and wire factory located in Sterling, Illinois. It began producing steel in 1936 and ceased production in 2001. The beginning of Northwestern Steel and Wire Co. (NWSW) can be traced back to W.M. Dillon's move to Rock Falls, Illinois from Ohio. He founded Northwestern Barbed Wire Co. upon his arrival in 1879. In 1892 Dillon partnered with J.W. Griswold to form Dillon-Griswold Company. Dillon-Griswold produced barbed wire, bale ties, drawn wire, and nails. Dillon left the company in 1902 to devote himself fully to his own Rock Falls",
"psg_id": "8777552"
},
{
"title": "Barrier cable",
"text": "Plastic-Coated is similar to the steel tendon used in Unbonded post-tensioned concrete. The only difference is that plastic-coated barrier cable does not have a layer of Post Tension coating (\"grease\") between the extruded HDPE plastic sheathing and the steel strand. Depending on parking structure, the barrier cable is installed in rows of several cables. There are several anchorage and attachment systems to concrete or steel columns. The design and installation of the barrier cable system is referenced in the Post-Tensioning Institute's \"Specification for Seven-Wire Steel Strand Barrier Cable Application\"s. 7-wire Barrier Cable has a high strength-to-weight ratio of the strands",
"psg_id": "14178910"
},
{
"title": "Northwestern Steel and Wire",
"text": "the time of the company's nomenclature alteration (to Northwestern Steel and Wire) the first significant attempts to organize NWSW's labor force were made. In July 1936 a three-week labor strike was led by labor activist John L. Lewis. During the violence that followed at least one worker died. Northwestern Steel and Wire Northwestern Steel and Wire was a steel mill and wire factory located in Sterling, Illinois. It began producing steel in 1936 and ceased production in 2001. The beginning of Northwestern Steel and Wire Co. (NWSW) can be traced back to W.M. Dillon's move to Rock Falls, Illinois from",
"psg_id": "8777561"
},
{
"title": "Wire",
"text": "cables is nowadays done by passing them through an extruder. Formerly, materials used for insulation included treated cloth or paper and various oil-based products. Since the mid-1960s, plastic and polymers exhibiting properties similar to rubber have predominated. Two or more wires may be wrapped concentrically, separated by insulation, to form coaxial cable. The wire or cable may be further protected with substances like paraffin, some kind of preservative compound, bitumen, lead, aluminum sheathing, or steel taping. Stranding or covering machines wind material onto wire which passes through quickly. Some of the smallest machines for cotton covering have a large drum,",
"psg_id": "462807"
},
{
"title": "SY control cable",
"text": "protection provided by the steel wire. YY is a versatile cable that works well in environments with only light mechanical stress and CY Cable has a tinned copper wire braid and polyester binder tape, which provide protection against external electromagnetic influences. SY control cable An SY control cable is a flexible instrumentation electrical cable designed for measuring, control or regulation in the field of process automation. It is a flexible multicore cable, with (class 5) copper conductors and a galvanised steel wire braid (GSWB) for mechanical protection. The cable is typically manufactured with PVC insulation, bedding and a transparent PVC",
"psg_id": "12625111"
},
{
"title": "Montjuïc Cable Car",
"text": "Montjuïc Cable Car The Montjuïc Cable Car (officially Telefèric de Montjuïc, in Catalan) is a gondola lift in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. The cable car runs from a lower terminus adjacent to the Montjuïc Park upper station of the Montjuïc funicular, and climbs higher up the Montjuïc hill to a terminal near the Montjuïc Castle on the summit of the hill. At its midpoint, the line executes a 90 degree turn and the cabins pass through Mirador station, although only down-bound cabins stop at this point. The cable car was originally put into service in 1970, replacing a former upper stage",
"psg_id": "16028986"
},
{
"title": "Vallée Blanche Cable Car",
"text": "Flambeau, three long steel cables are installed, which take over the role of the cable support (\"Pylône suspendu / Suspended Support Pillar\"). During construction, it was decided to build this unique configuration, because the glacier is unsuitable for high tower construction. Between the anchors of these cables at either side, there is a difference in altitude of , resulting in these cables having a horizontal inclination of some 23° to the direction of the tramway. From this support the cable car runs to Pointe Helbronner ( altitude). The two peaks have their own cable car system connecting them to their",
"psg_id": "7206186"
},
{
"title": "Vinpearl Cable Car",
"text": "Vinpearl Cable Car Vinpearl Cable Car is a 3,320 metre long gondola lift, which links Hon Tre Island with Nha Trang. It was built by POMA and uses seven offshore support Eiffel- type towers that all stand in the sea. The tallest is 115 metres high, with 40 metres of its structure below the water level. Each tower is supported by 4 steel pipe piles with diameter 2500mm, filled by reinforced concrete. The length of piles are 74m to 94m drilled to the bed rock. The depth of sea water is average 25 m based on the local mean sea",
"psg_id": "14560979"
},
{
"title": "Burgberg Cable Car",
"text": "ruins. Cable car and stations are preserved in their original 1920s condition. The large gondolas transport passengers in three minutes to the Großer Burgberg (483 m). From there, there is a panoramic view of Bad Harzburg, the surrounding mountains and far across the Harz region. On the Burgberg are castle ruins to explore and trails for experienced and inexperienced hikers. It is also the jump-off point for many walks through the Harz to popular destinations such as the Molkenhaus or the crags of the Rabenklippen. Burgberg Cable Car The Burgberg Cable Car () is a cable car in Bad Harzburg,",
"psg_id": "7236494"
},
{
"title": "Steel industry in Italy",
"text": "Steel industry in Italy The beginnings of the steel industry in Italy were strongly influenced by the modest presence of underground iron ore and coal in particular, that occurred in 1880, an increasing import of pig iron from abroad. With the widespread application of iron in the railways and in the mechanical industry in general witnessed the slow renewal of the old ironworks (with the adoption of Martin-Siemens furnaces and converters from scrap iron). The regions of Italy that contributed most to the expansion of production were Liguria, Lombardy, Piedmont, Tuscany. In 1884 the Italian state, including the potential strategic",
"psg_id": "17838895"
},
{
"title": "Cologne Cable Car",
"text": "The Stadtbahn station at Zoo/Flora opened in 1974. Today, the cable cars cross the thermal baths known as the \"Claudius Therme\", which were built later in the Rheinpark (Rhine Park). From 1957 to 2004 the cable car transported 13.7 million people without an accident; and in 2004, it carried 288,500 passengers. It is considered to be Cologne's safest means of transport. Starting in 2004, the cable car ran at night for special occasions and since that year it has been profitable. \"Kölner Seilbahn\" operates the tramway, which since 1998 has been a subsidiary of the Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe, the city's public",
"psg_id": "7236348"
},
{
"title": "Grenoble-Bastille cable car",
"text": "central pillar containing the engine is topped by a steel frame and cube-shaped glass. For its part, the upper station was not changed, but was rearranged to receive the new continuously rotating mechanisms, the two huge 46-tons counterweights of the supporting cables, and finally the 24-ton counterweight of traction cable. In September 2005, access was provided for the disabled, enabling them to use the cable car; the fort itself had new elevators installed for the same reason. At its inception in 1934, the cable-car used two blue dodecagonal (12-sided) cabins, with a capacity of 15 persons each, including operator. The",
"psg_id": "13605768"
},
{
"title": "Fichtelberg Cable Car",
"text": "temporarily ceased operation in 1948 due to lack of maintenance during World War II. After a major overhaul, it reopened in 1956. Another major renovation took place in 1984, when one of the support towers were removed and the others where relocated. Fichtelberg Cable Car The Fichtelberg Cable Car () is a German cable car in the Ore Mountains in Saxony that runs from the town of Oberwiesenthal to the Fichtelberg mountain top. It is the oldest cable car in Germany, leading from the valley station at an altitude of 905 metres above sea level to the top station at",
"psg_id": "7236695"
},
{
"title": "Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car",
"text": "accompany this jubilee year, including a special exhibition in the mountain museum at the summit station, where the history of this magnificent and technologically outstanding passenger ropeway, as well as its changes and modernization in recent decades are represented. Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car The Zugspitzebahn was the first wire ropeway to open the summit of the Zugspitze, Germany's highest mountain on the border of Austria. Designed and built by Adolf Bleichert & Co. of Leipzig, Germany, the system was a record-holder for highest altitude. Opening in 1926, the Zugspitzebahn connected the Austrian town of Ehrwald (1225 metres above sea level)",
"psg_id": "13376895"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "other cable car transit systems, and this model is often known as the \"Hallidie Cable Car\". In 1881 the Dunedin cable tramway system opened in Dunedin, New Zealand and became the first such system outside San Francisco. For Dunedin, George Smith Duncan further developed the Hallidie model, introducing the pull curve and the slot brake; the former was a way to pull cars through a curve, since Dunedin's curves were too sharp to allow coasting, while the latter forced a wedge down into the cable slot to stop the car. Both of these innovations were generally adopted by other cities,",
"psg_id": "94401"
},
{
"title": "Gibraltar Cable Car",
"text": "that was used to bring supplies (or a brave man) up to the top of signal hill via a rope are still evident. Besides the remains of earlier military buildings there is also a short tunnel that runs east to west under the station. The last extensive renovation of the cable car took place in 1986 when the cable cars were replaced with the current day cabins. In 2007 the Top Station was refurbished and replaced with the current facilities including the \"Calpe Suite\" which is registered to conduct weddings. From the base station, the cable car travels up the",
"psg_id": "16327272"
},
{
"title": "A Slice of Saturday Night",
"text": "Vene, watches and lends an ear to the young people as they navigate the rituals of teenage fashion, music, sexual mores and relationships. A Slice of Saturday Night A Slice of Saturday Night is a musical with book, lyrics and music by The Heather Brothers: Lea, Neil, Charles and John. The songs are a nostalgic pastiche of 1960s music, and the story tells a tale of teenage dreams and young love \"set around 1964 in a nightclub called the Club-a-Go-Go\". The Heather Brothers were born in London and grew up in Zimbabwe, where they started the rock group The Chequers,",
"psg_id": "9969902"
},
{
"title": "A Slice of Saturday Night",
"text": "A Slice of Saturday Night A Slice of Saturday Night is a musical with book, lyrics and music by The Heather Brothers: Lea, Neil, Charles and John. The songs are a nostalgic pastiche of 1960s music, and the story tells a tale of teenage dreams and young love \"set around 1964 in a nightclub called the Club-a-Go-Go\". The Heather Brothers were born in London and grew up in Zimbabwe, where they started the rock group The Chequers, touring Zimbabwe and South Africa. When they returned to England they were signed, along with Tammy Jones, by Mrs Wallich of Delyse Records",
"psg_id": "9969895"
},
{
"title": "A Slice of the Top",
"text": "A Slice of the Top A Slice of the Top is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on March 18, 1966, but not released on the Blue Note label until 1979. It features performances by Mobley with Lee Morgan, Kiane Zawadi, Howard Johnson, James Spaulding, McCoy Tyner, Bob Cranshaw and Billy Higgins with arrangements by Duke Pearson. On the original LP, Reggie Workman was mistakenly identified as the bassist. The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars, stating: \"Mobley, who continued to evolve into a more advanced player throughout the 1960s, fits right in with",
"psg_id": "12811509"
},
{
"title": "Cavalese cable car disaster (1998)",
"text": "maps on board did not show the cables and that the EA-6B was flying somewhat faster and considerably lower than allowed by military regulations. The restrictions in effect at the time required a minimum flying height of ; the pilot said he thought they were at . The cable was cut at a height of . The pilot further claimed that the height-measuring equipment on his plane had been malfunctioning, and that he had been unaware of the speed restrictions. In March 1999, the jury acquitted Ashby, outraging the European public. The manslaughter charges against Schweitzer were then dropped. The",
"psg_id": "2875059"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "cheaper to construct and simpler to operate electrically-powered trolley or tram started to become the norm, and eventually started to replace existing cable car systems. For a while hybrid cable/electric systems operated, for example in Chicago where electric cars had to be pulled by grip cars through the loop area, due to the lack of trolley wires there. Eventually, San Francisco became the only street-running manually operated system to survive—Dunedin, the second city with such cars, was also the second-last city to operate them, closing down in 1957. In the last decades of the 20th-century, cable traction in general has",
"psg_id": "94407"
},
{
"title": "Moskva River cable car",
"text": "Moskva River cable car Moscow Cable Car is a cable car across the Moskva River in Moscow. The new cable car project was initiated in January 2017. Construction began in May 2017 and was completed in November 2018. The first Moscow cable car is 720 metres long. There are three stations with unique architecture for each. The Vorobyovy Gory station is located on Kosygina Street near the famous observation point. This is where the ski slope will be in the winter. The second station is called Novaya Liga and is located on Vorobyovskaya Embankment. It will mostly be used by",
"psg_id": "20985766"
},
{
"title": "A Slice of the Top",
"text": "such adventurous players as altoist James Spaulding, trumpeter Lee Morgan (with whom Mobley recorded frequently), pianist McCoy Tyner, bassist Reggie Workman and drummer Billy Higgins. The inclusion of Kiane Zawadi on euphonium and Howard Johnson on tuba adds a lot of color to this memorable outing.\" All compositions by Hank Mobley except as noted A Slice of the Top A Slice of the Top is an album by jazz saxophonist Hank Mobley recorded on March 18, 1966, but not released on the Blue Note label until 1979. It features performances by Mobley with Lee Morgan, Kiane Zawadi, Howard Johnson, James",
"psg_id": "12811510"
},
{
"title": "Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car",
"text": "Tyrolean Zugspitze Cable Car The Zugspitzebahn was the first wire ropeway to open the summit of the Zugspitze, Germany's highest mountain on the border of Austria. Designed and built by Adolf Bleichert & Co. of Leipzig, Germany, the system was a record-holder for highest altitude. Opening in 1926, the Zugspitzebahn connected the Austrian town of Ehrwald (1225 metres above sea level) with the top station at 2,950 metres above sea level next to the summit of Zugspitze. Peter von Bleichert wrote a book on \"Bleichert's Wire Ropeways\" that contains information on the design, construction, and operation of the original Zugspitzebahn.",
"psg_id": "13376892"
},
{
"title": "Optical ground wire",
"text": "the fibers to terminal equipment. Optical ground wire An optical ground wire (also known as an OPGW or, in the IEEE standard, an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) is a type of cable that is used in overhead power lines. Such cable combines the functions of grounding and communications. An OPGW cable contains a tubular structure with one or more optical fibers in it, surrounded by layers of steel and aluminum wire. The OPGW cable is run between the tops of high-voltage electricity pylons. The conductive part of the cable serves to bond adjacent towers to earth ground, and",
"psg_id": "9287117"
},
{
"title": "Optical ground wire",
"text": "Optical ground wire An optical ground wire (also known as an OPGW or, in the IEEE standard, an optical fiber composite overhead ground wire) is a type of cable that is used in overhead power lines. Such cable combines the functions of grounding and communications. An OPGW cable contains a tubular structure with one or more optical fibers in it, surrounded by layers of steel and aluminum wire. The OPGW cable is run between the tops of high-voltage electricity pylons. The conductive part of the cable serves to bond adjacent towers to earth ground, and shields the high-voltage conductors from",
"psg_id": "9287108"
},
{
"title": "Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster",
"text": "Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster The Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy cable car disaster occurred on 1 July 1999 in Saint-Étienne-en-Dévoluy, France, when a gondola which was being operated on a privately owned aerial tramway detached from the cable it was traveling on, and fell into the valley below. The accident killed all twenty people on board. The death toll was equal to that of another cable car accident in Italy which occurred one year previously. The disaster remains the deadliest cable car accident in France, and one of the deadliest such incidents anywhere in the world. In the early morning hours of 1 July",
"psg_id": "19865873"
},
{
"title": "Langkawi Cable Car",
"text": "Langkawi Cable Car began in April 2001. The gondola cable car system was selected as it permitted a long span of over 900 metres. There are three stations for the cable car; the Top Station is located at the peak of Gunung Machinchang which is the second highest peak of Langkawi. In the middle is an \"angle station\" where the gondolas make a 45-degree turn to reach the Top Station. As there is no road to the top due to the steepness of Gunung Machinchang, all the structural components needed to be lifted to top with helicopters in combination with",
"psg_id": "11644040"
},
{
"title": "Wire rope",
"text": "Wire rope Wire rope is several strands of metal wire twisted into a helix forming a composite \"rope\", in a pattern known as \"laid rope\". Larger diameter wire rope consists of multiple strands of such laid rope in a pattern known as \"cable laid\". In stricter senses the term \"wire rope\" refers to diameter larger than 3/8 inch (9.52 mm), with smaller gauges designated cable or cords. Initially wrought iron wires were used, but today steel is the main material used for wire ropes. Historically, wire rope evolved from wrought iron chains, which had a record of mechanical failure. While",
"psg_id": "6483188"
},
{
"title": "3S Cable Car",
"text": "cabin boasts a glass floor, making it possible to view the 400 metre drop from a different angle. In December 2008, Whistler-Blackcomb ski resort in British Columbia became the first North American resort to install a 3S cable car (\"aerial tramway\" in the US) when it opened the Peak 2 Peak Gondola, which connects Roundhouse Lodge on Whistler with Rendezvous Lodge on Blackcomb. In effect, it is like the Kitzbühel 3S cable car because it connects two ski areas (although in this case, more two parts of the same area together). The installation of the Peak 2 Peak Gondola eliminated",
"psg_id": "8581902"
},
{
"title": "Maryland Pressed Steel Company",
"text": "to produce aircraft with his own companyAviaBellanca Aircraft. At the end of World War I, the company lost its contracts, switching production to wire wheels. It then went into receivership, where it was sold to R.J. Funkhouser & Co., who subsequently sold it to the M.P. Moller Motor Car Co. The Hagerstown plant had a series of previous owners including the Crawford Bicycle Co, American Bicycle Co., Pope Manufacturing Company, and Montrose Metal Casket Company. Maryland Pressed Steel Company The New York & Hagerstown Metal Stamping Co manufactured arms for the British and was reorganized into the Maryland Pressed Steel",
"psg_id": "14949806"
},
{
"title": "Through the Wire",
"text": "in Belgium and Switzerland, and number sixty-one in Germany. Its maximum peak time in those countries lasted one week. The single entered the New Zealand Singles Chart at number twenty-four and peaked at number sixteen. On July 14, 2017, \"Through the Wire\" was certified Silver in the UK, nearly fourteen years after the single's release. The single was certified Platinum in the US on November 20, 2018, fifteen years after its release. The music video was directed by Coodie and Chike and it premiered in November 2003. It is a slideshow of videos and pictures of Kanye producing and his",
"psg_id": "6060958"
},
{
"title": "US Cable",
"text": "that required them to divest their assets in those towns to preserve competition. However, with increased competition from Verizon FiOS US Cable sold the system back to Cablevision in 2009. In June 2011, US Cable sold off its systems in Minnesota and Wisconsin with 33,000 subscribers to Midcontinent Communications and its systems in Missouri with 16,000 subscribers to Charter Communications. On August 21, 2011, Baja Broadband acquired US Cable and its remaining 60,000 subscribers in Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas. US Cable The US Cable Group was a cable television provider that at its peak served over 240,000 subscribers in",
"psg_id": "11749079"
},
{
"title": "Sarajevo cable car",
"text": "Sarajevo cable car Sarajevo cable car (Bosnian: \"Sarajevska žičara\") is a cable car in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, connecting the old part of the city with the mountain Trebević. Trebević Cable Car was first built in 1959, and opened for the public on 3 May 1959. It had a capacity of 400 passengers per hour. However, the many years of operation and repairs took a toll on the cable car which resulted in serious problems, so much so that the relevant institutions forbade further repairs of the cable car. Such issues arose in 1977, 1982, 1986, 1987, and in particular",
"psg_id": "20623987"
},
{
"title": "Fichtelberg Cable Car",
"text": "Fichtelberg Cable Car The Fichtelberg Cable Car () is a German cable car in the Ore Mountains in Saxony that runs from the town of Oberwiesenthal to the Fichtelberg mountain top. It is the oldest cable car in Germany, leading from the valley station at an altitude of 905 metres above sea level to the top station at 1,208 metres above sea level, having a length of 1,175 metres and a maximum upward gradient of 50 per cent. The Fichtelberg Cable Car is equipped with two carrying and two hauling cables. Operations began in December 1924. The Fichtelberg Cable Car",
"psg_id": "7236694"
},
{
"title": "Wellington Cable Car",
"text": "in 5.06 (17.86%), through three tunnels and over three bridges. The lower terminus is in Cable Car Lane, off Lambton Quay (). The upper terminus is next to the Wellington Botanic Garden at the city end of Upland Road, Kelburn's main street (). There are three other equally-spaced stations—from Lambton Quay, they are Clifton, Talavera and Salamanca (also referred to as University), all named after nearby streets. The Cable Car has two cars, which start from opposite ends of the line and pass in the middle. They are attached to each other by a 30 mm diameter cable, supported by",
"psg_id": "6289658"
},
{
"title": "Across a Wire: Live in New York City",
"text": "Across a Wire: Live in New York City Across a Wire: Live in New York City (also known as Across a Wire: Live in New York for short) is the third album released by Counting Crows, released on July 14, 1998. It is a double-live album, featuring songs from their first two albums, \"August and Everything After\" (1993) and \"Recovering the Satellites\" (1996). Because the album contained two discs, the release was certified platinum by the RIAA for shipments of over 500,000 copies. The first disc, recorded for \"VH1 Storytellers\", is acoustic and intimate; it also contains a previously unreleased",
"psg_id": "4367582"
},
{
"title": "Funchal Cable Car",
"text": "Funchal Cable Car The Funchal Cable Car (), or Madeira Cable Car, is a gondola lift that transports people from the lower section of Funchal, Madeira to the suburb of Monte. The route of the cable car was chosen to replace the old Monte Railway, which ran from 1886 to 1943. Construction of the cable car system began in September 1999; it was opened in November 2000 and has been in service since then. The bottom station is located at Almirante Reis Park in central Funchal. The length of the cable car line is 3,718 m and the height difference",
"psg_id": "19829783"
},
{
"title": "Steel wool",
"text": "Steel wool Steel wool, also known as iron wool, wire wool, steel wire or wire sponge, is a bundle of very fine and flexible sharp-edged steel filaments. It was described as a new product in 1896. It is used as an abrasive in finishing and repair work for polishing wood or metal objects, cleaning household cookware, cleaning windows, and sanding surfaces. Steel wool is made from low-carbon steel in a process similar to broaching, where a heavy steel wire is pulled through a toothed die that removes thin, sharp, wire shavings. Steel wool is commonly used by woodworkers, metal craftsmen,",
"psg_id": "5053096"
},
{
"title": "A Taste of Cold Steel",
"text": "enact a variety of sadistic tortures including forcing them to drink each other's menstrual blood. Finally, the sisters are able to escape bondage, steal back the Violet Light Sword, and use it to slice their way to freedom. A Taste of Cold Steel A Taste of Cold Steel or (Chinese: 武林風雲; \"Wu lin feng yun\") is a 1970 Hong Kong Shaw Brothers action film adventure directed by Yueh Feng. Three sisters unite with a cousin to avenge their father who was killed by a group of noblemen with ties to a criminal gang. Many action sequences depict the sisters and",
"psg_id": "11121559"
},
{
"title": "Nebelhorn Cable Car",
"text": "a hauling cable of 20 mm and a carrying cable of 40 mm in diameter. The drive is located in the lower station and has an output of 120 kW and maximum speed of 8 m/s. Nebelhorn Cable Car The Nebelhorn Cable Car () in Oberstdorf, Germany is a cable car on the Nebelhorn mountain that was constructed in 3 sections. It was first built between 1928 and 1930 and rebuilt in 1977 and 1991. The first section of the Nebelhorn cable car, renewed in 1977, has a length of 2,202.68 metres, a carrying cable of 55 mm and a",
"psg_id": "7236507"
},
{
"title": "San Francisco cable car system",
"text": "steel strands, with each strand containing 19 wires, wrapped around a sisal rope core (to allow easier gripping). The cables are coated with a tar-like material which serves as a sacrificial lubricant - much like a pencil eraser erodes away rather than the paper. To start and stop the movement of the car, the gripman (see below) closes and opens the grip around the cable (similar to the clutch of a conventional car). The grip's jaws exert a pressure of up to on the cable. There are four separate cables: one length and one length for the Hyde and Mason",
"psg_id": "4276988"
},
{
"title": "Safety wire",
"text": "Safety wire Safety wire or locking-wire is a type of \"positive locking device\" that prevents fasteners from loosening or falling out due to vibration and other forces. The presence of safety wiring may also serve to indicate that the fasteners have been properly tightened. Safety wire is available in a variety of gauges and materials, depending on the application. In aircraft and racing applications, stainless steel wire is used, such as in diameter. Typically, the wire is threaded through a hole drilled into a fastener or part, then twisted and anchored to a second fastener or part, then twisted again.",
"psg_id": "5154778"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "both cars over an undriven pulley at the top of the line. The descending car gripped the haulage cable and was pulled downhill, in turn pulling the ascending car (which remained ungripped) uphill by the balance cable. This line was rebuilt in 1979 and is now a standard funicular, although it retains its old cable car name. The best known existing cable car system is the San Francisco cable car system in the city of San Francisco, California. San Francisco's cable cars constitute the oldest and largest such system in permanent operation, and it is the only one to still",
"psg_id": "94415"
},
{
"title": "Singapore Cable Car",
"text": "Singapore cable car system did another world's first with its glass-bottomed cabins at a cost of S$30,000 each. 6 more of these popular cabins were added in December 2000, giving the system a total of 81 cabins today. For a week from 16 March 2004, the system conducted the 'Surviving the Sky' Challenge as part of its 30th anniversary celebrations. 34 two-man teams (2 teams withdrew at the last minute) from around Asia attempted the challenge to see who could survive the longest in the cable car for 24 hours a day. A S$36 million rebuild of the entire system",
"psg_id": "4649868"
},
{
"title": "Nebelhorn Cable Car",
"text": "Nebelhorn Cable Car The Nebelhorn Cable Car () in Oberstdorf, Germany is a cable car on the Nebelhorn mountain that was constructed in 3 sections. It was first built between 1928 and 1930 and rebuilt in 1977 and 1991. The first section of the Nebelhorn cable car, renewed in 1977, has a length of 2,202.68 metres, a carrying cable of 55 mm and a hauling cable of 21 mm in diameter. It climbs a total height of 452 metres. The drive, with an engine of 454 HP and maximum speed of 10 m/s, is housed in the upper station. The",
"psg_id": "7236505"
},
{
"title": "Through the Wire",
"text": "was bonafide. He was popping. It was full-on Kanye season.\" Consequence would say to Complex on \"The College Dropout\"'s 10th anniversary, \"The accident wound up being a blessing for him. Whatever diction issues he had, he came through with a super clear voice. That was like one of those pressure bursts pipes things.\" In 2010 and 2013, Complex would name \"Through the Wire\" the 10th best rap song from Chicago. Chicago artist Chance the Rapper cites \"Through the Wire\" as one of his first musical inspirations. He first heard the song on the radio at a pizza place in Hyde",
"psg_id": "6060955"
},
{
"title": "Santiago Cable Car",
"text": "Santiago Cable Car The Santiago Cable Car () is a way of transport of a tourist nature, located at the Metropolitan Park of San Cristóbal Hill, in Santiago, Chile. The construction of the cable car began in 1979, and took about a year, mainly due to the hardness of the volcanic rock terrain in which the 12 towers were installed. The Santiago Cable Car was officially opened on April 1, 1980, with 72 ovoid-shaped cars, which covered the 20-minute 4.8 km section at 14.4 km/h. On December 12, 2008, a mechanical fault left 20 people trapped in the cable car",
"psg_id": "19930078"
},
{
"title": "Mérida cable car",
"text": "Mérida cable car The Mérida Cable Car () or Mukumbarí is a cable car system in Venezuela. Its base is located in the Venezuelan city of Mérida at an altitude of , and its terminus is on Pico Espejo, at . It is the highest and second longest cable car in the world for just 500 meters, but is in first place for being the only one which combined such height and length. Mérida Cable Car is a journey of 12.5 kilometers, reaching a height of 4,765 meters, making it an engineering marvel that is one of a kind and",
"psg_id": "6232748"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "capacity. During the rush hour on San Francisco's Market Street Railway, a car would leave the terminal every 15 seconds. A few funicular railways operate in street traffic, and because of this operation are often incorrectly described as cable cars. Examples of such operation, and the consequent confusion, are: Even more confusingly, a hybrid cable car/funicular line once existed in the form of the original Wellington Cable Car, in the New Zealand city of Wellington. This line had both a continuous loop haulage cable that the cars gripped using a cable car gripper, and a balance cable permanently attached to",
"psg_id": "94414"
},
{
"title": "Wellington Cable Car",
"text": "120 rollers, which runs round a pulley at the top of the hill. A 185 kW 550 V DC motor at the top of the hill drives the pulley. The Cable Car is a funicular rather than a true cable car: the cars are permanently attached to the cable, which stops and starts as required, while a cable car grips and releases a continuously-moving cable. Wheels on the south side of car 1 and the north side of car 2 have double flanges, while the opposite wheels on each car have no flanges, directing the cars to the correct side",
"psg_id": "6289659"
},
{
"title": "Burgberg Cable Car",
"text": "Burgberg Cable Car The Burgberg Cable Car () is a cable car in Bad Harzburg, Germany. It was built in 1929 by the Bleichert engineering corporation and has a length of 481 metres. Its hauling cable has a diameter of 18 mm, its carrying cable a diameter of 37 mm. It is driven by a engine at the summit station. It has two cabins carrying up to 18 passengers each. The cable car is named after the Burgberg mountain, site of the historic Harzburg Castle, built by Emperor Henry IV about 1068. The upper terminus was erected next to the",
"psg_id": "7236493"
},
{
"title": "Wire rope",
"text": "force in mechanisms, such as a Bowden cable or the control surfaces of an airplane connected to levers and pedals in the cockpit. Only aircraft cables have WSC (wire strand core). Also, aircraft cables are available in smaller diameters than wire rope. For example, aircraft cables are available in 3/64 in. diameter while most wire ropes begin at a 1/4 in. diameter. Static wire ropes are used to support structures such as suspension bridges or as guy wires to support towers. An aerial tramway relies on wire rope to support and move cargo overhead. Modern wire rope was invented by",
"psg_id": "6483190"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "The speed at which it moves is relatively constant depending on the number of units gripping the cable at any given time. The cable car begins moving when a clamping device attached to the car, called a \"grip\", applies pressure to (\"grips\") the moving cable. Conversely, the car is stopped by releasing pressure on the cable (with or without completely detaching) and applying the brakes. This gripping and releasing action may be manual, as was the case in all early cable car systems, or automatic, as is the case in some recent cable operated people mover type systems. Gripping must",
"psg_id": "94409"
},
{
"title": "Funchal Cable Car",
"text": "560 m; the journey takes approx. 15 minutes. The cableway has over 39 cabins with 8 seats each, and can transport up to 800 passengers per hour. Funchal Cable Car The Funchal Cable Car (), or Madeira Cable Car, is a gondola lift that transports people from the lower section of Funchal, Madeira to the suburb of Monte. The route of the cable car was chosen to replace the old Monte Railway, which ran from 1886 to 1943. Construction of the cable car system began in September 1999; it was opened in November 2000 and has been in service since",
"psg_id": "19829784"
},
{
"title": "Wire recording",
"text": "Minifon wire recorder was designed for stealth use and its accessories included a microphone disguised as a wristwatch. Wire recording was also used in some aircraft flight recorders beginning in the early 1940s, mainly for recording radio conversations between crewmen or with ground stations. Because steel wire was more compact, robust, and heat-resistant than magnetic tape (which is plastic-based), wire recorders continued to be manufactured for this purpose through the 1950s and remained in use somewhat later than that. There were also wire recorders made to record data in satellites and other unmanned spacecraft of the 1950s to perhaps the",
"psg_id": "2391680"
},
{
"title": "Sarajevo cable car",
"text": "the cable car's reopening, a promotional song named \"Trebević opet silazi u grad\" (eng: \"Trebević is coming to the city again\") was officially presented on 23 March 2018. The song was performed by singers Hari Varešanović, Ismeta Dervoz, Zdravko Čolić, and Jasna Gospić, all former members of the band Ambasadori. Sarajevo cable car Sarajevo cable car (Bosnian: \"Sarajevska žičara\") is a cable car in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, connecting the old part of the city with the mountain Trebević. Trebević Cable Car was first built in 1959, and opened for the public on 3 May 1959. It had a capacity",
"psg_id": "20623990"
},
{
"title": "Heights of Abraham Cable Car",
"text": "line is operated on the relatively unusual single cable pulsed aerial ropeway principle, whereby the cabins are permanently fixed to the cable. To allow passengers to board and alight, the cable is stopped as each train of cabins passes through the stations. As there are four trains but only two stations, this means cabins also stop mid-flight. The lower station of the cable car is located on the opposite bank of the River Derwent to the Heights of Abraham and the town of Matlock Bath, with the cabins crossing the river at the lower end of their journey. A footbridge",
"psg_id": "20290533"
},
{
"title": "Sarajevo cable car",
"text": "on November 18, 1989, when further repairs of the cable car was banned by the Institute \"ZRMK\" from Ljubljana. During the Bosnian War (1992-1995), the cable car was completely destroyed. After its final closing of in 1989, Trebević Cable Car resumed operations in 2018. Trebević Cable Car was reconstructed between 2017 and 2018, and officially reopened on 6 April 2018. A total of 33 modern cable cars make up the new system, which can transport up to 1.200 passengers from the city to Trebević per hour, with a ride duration of nine minutes each way. Mufid Garibija, the designer of",
"psg_id": "20623988"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "car and the combined strength and speed of the cable can do quite a lot of damage in a collision. A cable car is superficially similar to a funicular, but differs from such a system in that its cars are not permanently attached to the cable and can stop independently, whereas a funicular has cars that are permanently attached to the propulsion cable, which is itself stopped and started. A cable car cannot climb as steep a grade as a funicular, but many more cars can be operated with a single cable, making it more flexible, and allowing a higher",
"psg_id": "94413"
},
{
"title": "San Francisco cable car system",
"text": "Press in 2013 showed that over the course of three years, the city of San Francisco had paid almost $8 million to settle around four dozen legal claims relating to cable car accidents. The cable cars are pulled by a cable running below the street, held by a grip that extends from the car through a slit in the street surface, between the rails. Each cable is in diameter, running at a constant speed of , and driven by a electric motor located in the central power house (see below), via a set of self-adjusting sheaves. Each cable has six",
"psg_id": "4276987"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "operate in the traditional manner with manually operated cars running in street traffic. Several cities operate a modern version of the cable car system. These systems are fully automated and run on their own reserved right of way. They are commonly referred to as people movers, although that term is also applied to systems with other forms of propulsion, including funicular style cable propulsion. These cities include: 8th St. Tunnel in use (1887–1956) Information Patents Cable car (railway) A cable car (usually known as a cable tram outside North America) is a type of cable railway used for mass transit",
"psg_id": "94416"
},
{
"title": "Namsan cable car",
"text": "the entrance of Namsan Tunnel Three up to the cable car station. It runs along the slope of Namsan with a capacity for 20 passengers to provide better access for the disabled and senior citizens. Namsan cable car Namsan cable car is an aerial tramway in Seoul. Built in 1962, it spans from the Hoehyeon-dong platform (near Myeong-dong) to the Yejang-dong platform near the top of Mt. Namsan and the N Seoul Tower. It is the first commercial cable car service for passengers in Korea. The length of the cable is 605 metres. The altitude difference of 138 metres makes",
"psg_id": "8932039"
},
{
"title": "Wire saw",
"text": "use diamond-impregnated beads on a cable. The saws allow the bottom of a quarry slab to be cut free (after the cable is passed through access drill holes); with the bottom cut, back and side charges (explosives) can cleanly cleave the slab. Quarry saws on this principle date back centuries; before the era of steel cables with diamond cutters, there were fiber ropes that drew sand through the kerf. The sand (flushed with water) cut the stone (albeit more slowly than diamond does today). Foam manufacturers commonly use an abrasive wire saw, either manual or automatic, to cut foam to",
"psg_id": "7516026"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "be an even and gradual process in order to avoid bringing the car to cable speed too quickly and unacceptably jarring the passengers. In the case of manual systems, the grip resembles a very large pair of pliers, and considerable strength and skill are required to operate the car. As many early cable car operators discovered the hard way, if the grip is not applied properly, it can damage the cable, or even worse, become entangled in the cable. In the latter case, the cable car may not be able to stop and can wreak havoc along its route until",
"psg_id": "94410"
},
{
"title": "Langkawi Cable Car",
"text": "then the Seven Wells (Telaga Tujuh) waterfall, although walking unguided through the trail is not advisable as the trail is not well-maintained and there is a risk of getting lost. Pre-arrangement with a naturalist guide is necessary. Langkawi Cable Car The Langkawi Cable Car, also known as Langkawi SkyCab, is one of the major attractions in Langkawi Island, Kedah, Malaysia. It provides an aerial link from the Oriental Village at Teluk Burau to the peak of Gunung Machinchang, which is also the location of the Langkawi Sky Bridge. The total length is , with a journey time from the base",
"psg_id": "11644046"
},
{
"title": "In a Broken Dream",
"text": "in his solo career, Stewart was recruited as a session musician for the song and paid by being bought a new set of seat covers for his car. Issued in October 1970, it did not make the charts. Re-released in 1972 following the rise to stardom by Stewart, the song reached number 56 in the US charts before greater success in the UK later that year. Stewart re-recorded the song in 1992 with David Gilmour and John Paul Jones but did not release it. The recording was eventually released in 2009 as part of \"The Rod Stewart Sessions 1971-1998\" box",
"psg_id": "16439554"
},
{
"title": "Cable car (railway)",
"text": "car systems were implemented in Europe, though, among which was the Glasgow District Subway, the first underground cable car system, in 1896. (London, England's first deep-level tube railway, the City & South London Railway, had earlier also been built for cable haulage but had been converted to electric traction before opening in 1890.) A few more cable car systems were built in the United Kingdom, Portugal, and France. European cities, having many more curves in their streets, were ultimately less suitable for cable cars than American cities. Though some new cable car systems were still being built, by 1890 the",
"psg_id": "94406"
},
{
"title": "Wellington Cable Car",
"text": "and the Wellington Botanic Garden, by students attending Victoria University and living in nearby student hostels, and by many tourists, especially during summer. The Cable Car is owned and operated by Wellington Cable Car Ltd, owned by Wellington City Council. Wellington Cable Car Ltd also owns the overhead wires for Wellington's trolleybuses. Operation was contracted out to Australian company Transfield Services until early 2007, when it was brought back inhouse. Wellington Cable Car Ltd is responsible for all operations of the Cable Car, including the maintenance of cars and track, employing drivers, selling tickets and providing customer service. Unlike buses",
"psg_id": "6289661"
}
] | [
"cavalese, italy",
"cavalese",
"gaßlöss"
] |
which actor paid $19,500 for a flowered headband worn by jimi hendrix in 1969 | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Experience (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "Experience (Jimi Hendrix album) Experience is a live album by Jimi Hendrix, released in August 1971 in the United Kingdom. The album is an incomplete soundtrack to the unreleased film \"Experience\" documenting the Jimi Hendrix Experience's performance at the Royal Albert Hall on February 18, 1969. It peaked at number nine in the U.K. album charts in September 1971. The follow-up to \"Experience\", titled \"More Experience\", from the Jimi Hendrix Experience's performance at the Royal Albert Hall six days later, on February 24 1969, was released in 1972. On \"Room Full of Mirrors\" they are joined by Chris Wood (flute)",
"psg_id": "9771929"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience",
"text": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience The Jimi Hendrix Experience was an American-English rock band that formed in Westminster, London, in September 1966. Singer, songwriter, and guitarist Jimi Hendrix, bassist Noel Redding, and drummer Mitch Mitchell comprised the group, which was active until June 1969. During this time, they released three studio albums and became one of the most popular acts in rock. Starting in April 1970, Hendrix, Mitchell, and bassist Billy Cox performed and recorded until Hendrix's death on September 18, 1970. This later trio was sometimes billed as the \"Jimi Hendrix Experience\", but the title was never formalized. Highly influential",
"psg_id": "1306665"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix: An Illustrated Experience",
"text": "March 15, 1968; namely the performances of \"Fire\", \"Red House\" and \"Foxy Lady\", as well as the pre- and post-concert interviews. The final track on the disc is a jam session from Record Plant Studios in November 1969 entitled \"Keep on Groovin'\", which featured Hendrix and drummer Buddy Miles laying down the groundwork for some of the many songs they were working on, including \"Power of Soul\", \"Burning Desire\" and \"Stepping Stone\". This recording was previously issued as part of 2000's Morning Symphony Ideas. All songs were written by Jimi Hendrix. Jimi Hendrix: An Illustrated Experience Jimi Hendrix: An Illustrated",
"psg_id": "12351201"
},
{
"title": "Experience (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "and Dave Mason (guitar). The support bands that evening were Fat Mattress and Van der Graaf Generator. Experience (Jimi Hendrix album) Experience is a live album by Jimi Hendrix, released in August 1971 in the United Kingdom. The album is an incomplete soundtrack to the unreleased film \"Experience\" documenting the Jimi Hendrix Experience's performance at the Royal Albert Hall on February 18, 1969. It peaked at number nine in the U.K. album charts in September 1971. The follow-up to \"Experience\", titled \"More Experience\", from the Jimi Hendrix Experience's performance at the Royal Albert Hall six days later, on February 24",
"psg_id": "9771930"
},
{
"title": "Stepping Stone (Jimi Hendrix song)",
"text": "Stepping Stone (Jimi Hendrix song) \"Stepping Stone\" is a song by American musician Jimi Hendrix. Written and produced by Hendrix, it was recorded early in 1970 with the short-lived Band of Gypsys lineup of Hendrix, Billy Cox and Buddy Miles. The song, with \"Izabella\", was released as a single by Reprise Records on April 8, 1970. It was the last single released by Hendrix before his death. A second version is featured on the 1972 album, \"War Heroes\". \"Stepping Stone\" first appeared, in part, when Jimi Hendrix performed at the Woodstock Festival on August 18, 1969, with an interim band,",
"psg_id": "11912628"
},
{
"title": "Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix is a ten track companion release to the critically acclaimed television documentary series \"Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues\" shown on PBS in September 2003. The album features two previously unreleased blues inspired performances. \"Georgia Blues\" (recorded on March 19, 1969 at New York's Record Plant Studios) was recorded with saxophonist Lonnie Youngblood, with whom Hendrix played some early sessions in 1966. Also previously unreleased is \"Blue Window\", recorded in March 1969 at Mercury Studios in New York. This track features Buddy Miles Express members: Buddy Miles",
"psg_id": "7610698"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "original composition, \"Purple Haze\", and in 2001, for his recording of Dylan's \"All Along the Watchtower\". Hendrix's rendition of \"The Star-Spangled Banner\" was honored with a Grammy in 2009. The United States Postal Service issued a commemorative postage stamp honoring Hendrix in 2014. On August 21, 2016, Jimi Hendrix was officially inducted into the R&B Hall of Fame in Dearborn, Michigan. The Jimi Hendrix Experience Jimi Hendrix/Band of Gypsys Posthumous albums Jimi Hendrix James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career spanned",
"psg_id": "213752"
},
{
"title": "Headband",
"text": "paisley bandanas as headbands in imitation of Leftist activists and guerrillas. These were also worn by many hard rock and heavy metal guitarists such as Jimi Hendrix, Keith Richards, Ted Nugent, Bruce Springsteen, or Link Wray during the early and mid 70s to keep cool on stage. Deely boppers were a fad in 1982. Princess Diana famously wore an emerald and diamond choker as a headband in Melbourne on the occasion of a state tour of Australia in 1985. In Japanese culture, hachimaki headbands may symbolise determination or devotion. Traditionally in Korea, warriors and members of military organizations such as",
"psg_id": "5971132"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience",
"text": "in the popularization of hard rock and psychedelic rock, the Experience was best known for the skill, style, and charisma of their frontman, Jimi Hendrix. All three of the band's studio albums, \"Are You Experienced\" (1967), \"\" (1967) and \"Electric Ladyland\" (1968), were featured in the top 100 of the \"Rolling Stone\" list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, at positions 15, 82 and 54 respectively. In 1992, the Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Jimi Hendrix arrived in England on September 24, 1966, and with his new manager and former",
"psg_id": "1306666"
},
{
"title": "Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album) Woodstock is a live album by Jimi Hendrix released posthumously on August 20, 1994. The album is an edited recording of Hendrix's performance with his band Gypsy Sun and Rainbows at Woodstock Festival, Bethel, New York on August 18, 1969. A more-complete version of the concert would be released in 1999 as \"Live at Woodstock\", albeit with some of the performers mixed out. In a contemporary review for \"The Village Voice\", music critic Robert Christgau said the under-rehearsed, highly eccentric music on \"Woodstock\" makes for what was a transitional but all-important live album by Hendrix: \"All",
"psg_id": "12189143"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix posthumous discography",
"text": "\"that don't meet the technical recording criteria\" and standards for mainstream release. These have included live recordings from various points in his career as well as demo and rehearsal recordings. Dagger Records was established in 1998 by Experience Hendrix to issue \"official bootlegs\" of albums \"that don't meet the technical recording criteria\" and standards for mainstream release. Several amateur recordings of Hendrix concerts are free to stream from the Experience Hendrix website. As of July 19, 2016, the following are available: Footnotes Citations References Jimi Hendrix posthumous discography Jimi Hendrix was an American musician whose career spanned from 1962 to",
"psg_id": "12696837"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "with feedback and distortion, but Hendrix turned those effects and others into a controlled, fluid vocabulary every bit as personal as the blues with which he began.\" Hendrix was the recipient of several music awards during his lifetime and posthumously. In 1967, readers of \"Melody Maker\" voted him the Pop Musician of the Year, and in 1968, \"Rolling Stone\" declared him the Performer of the Year. \"Disc and Music Echo\" honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969 and in 1970, \"Guitar Player\" named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the",
"psg_id": "213637"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience: \"Hey Joe\", \"Purple Haze\", and \"The Wind Cries Mary\". He achieved fame in the U.S. after his performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, and in 1968 his third and final studio album, \"Electric Ladyland\", reached number one in the U.S.; it was Hendrix's most commercially successful release and his first and only number one album. The world's highest-paid performer, he headlined the Woodstock Festival in 1969 and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970, before his accidental death from barbiturate-related asphyxia on September 18, 1970, at the age",
"psg_id": "213635"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix Park",
"text": "opened on June 17, 2017. The park's opening was introduced by the Bellevue School of Rock playing \"Purple Haze\". The park was funded by various city funds and donations from the Nisqually Tribe and Janie Hendrix, sister of Jimi Hendrix. The park is only the fourth public memorial to Hendrix in Seattle, the others being a plaque in Woodland Park Zoo, a bust in his high school's library, and a privately funded sidewalk statue. Jimi Hendrix Park Jimi Hendrix Park is a park in Seattle, Washington named in honor of musician Jimi Hendrix, who was from Seattle. The park was",
"psg_id": "17760554"
},
{
"title": "Fire (The Jimi Hendrix Experience song)",
"text": "SSQ covered the song as a B-side to their single \"Synthicide\". Fire (The Jimi Hendrix Experience song) \"Fire\" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and recorded by the Jimi Hendrix Experience in early 1967. It has been described as \"an exercise in soul, psychedelic rock, and polyrhythmic jazz-inspired drumming\" by AllMusic critic Matthew Greenwald. The song was remixed in stereo for the American release of the album. In 1969, it was released as a stereo single in the UK with the title \"Let Me Light Your Fire\". One of Hendrix's most popular songs, he frequently played it in concert.",
"psg_id": "6750002"
},
{
"title": "Fire (The Jimi Hendrix Experience song)",
"text": "Fire (The Jimi Hendrix Experience song) \"Fire\" is a song written by Jimi Hendrix and recorded by the Jimi Hendrix Experience in early 1967. It has been described as \"an exercise in soul, psychedelic rock, and polyrhythmic jazz-inspired drumming\" by AllMusic critic Matthew Greenwald. The song was remixed in stereo for the American release of the album. In 1969, it was released as a stereo single in the UK with the title \"Let Me Light Your Fire\". One of Hendrix's most popular songs, he frequently played it in concert. Several live recordings have been released and the original song is",
"psg_id": "6749998"
},
{
"title": "Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "on drums, Duane Hitchings on organ, Bill Rich on bass guitar and brass players Tobie Wynn, James Tatum, Bobby Rock, Pete Carter, and Tom Hall (now known as Khalil Shaheed). Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix Martin Scorsese Presents the Blues: Jimi Hendrix is a ten track companion release to the critically acclaimed television documentary series \"Martin Scorsese Presents The Blues\" shown on PBS in September 2003. The album features two previously unreleased blues inspired performances. \"Georgia Blues\" (recorded on March 19, 1969 at New York's Record Plant Studios) was recorded with saxophonist Lonnie Youngblood, with whom Hendrix played",
"psg_id": "7610699"
},
{
"title": "Canadian drug charges and trial of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "the lyrics to \"Red House\", singing \"soon as I get out of jail, I wanna see her.\" \"Rolling Stone\" magazine reported that during the arraignment hearing, which lasted for three minutes, the courthouse was filled with young fans who had come to show their support for Hendrix, who \"entered wearing a pink shirt open to the waist, an Apache-style headband, a multi-colored scarf around his neck and beads. His manner was dead serious.\" On June 19, 1969, Hendrix flew to Toronto for a preliminary hearing. He wore a business suit for the first time since before the formation of the",
"psg_id": "17848927"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience",
"text": "February 1970, Jeffery set up an interview with \"Rolling Stone\" magazine to announce the return of the group, published on March 19, 1970 in \"Rolling Stone\" as \"J.H.: The End of a Beginning Maybe\". Redding waited for weeks to hear back about rehearsals for the upcoming tour, and when he finally spoke with Mitchell's girlfriend, he learned that he had been replaced by Cox. Before the tour started, Hendrix called it \"The Cry of Love Tour\". The group itself was referred to as \"Jimi Hendrix\" and sometimes the \"Jimi Hendrix Experience\". The trio toured and recorded in the US from",
"psg_id": "1306673"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "being aware of the contribution to music Hendrix had made, readily agreed and on November 27, 1992 which would have been the 50th birthday for the guitarist, the mayor issued a proclamation making it Jimi Hendrix Day. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. In 1999, readers of \"Rolling Stone\" and \"Guitar World\" ranked Hendrix among the most important musicians of the 20th century. In 2005, his debut album, \"Are You Experienced\", was one of 50 recordings added that year to the",
"psg_id": "213749"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix (film)",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix (film) Jimi Hendrix is a 1973 rockumentary about Jimi Hendrix, directed and produced by Joe Boyd, John Head and Gary Weis. The film contains concert footage of Hendrix from 1967 to 1970, including the Monterey Pop Festival the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival, Woodstock and a . The film also includes interviews with Hendrix' contemporaries, family and friends. People appearing in the film include Paul Caruso, Eric Clapton, Billy Cox, Alan Douglas, Germaine Greer, Hendrix' father, James A. \"Al\" Hendrix, Mick Jagger, Eddie Kramer, Buddy Miles, Mitch Mitchell, Juggy Murray, Little Richard, Lou Reed and Pete Townshend. The",
"psg_id": "10937252"
},
{
"title": "Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix is a compilation album of Jimi Hendrix songs released in 1997. The single compact disc collects 20 songs spanning his career from his first recordings with the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1966 to his last with Billy Cox and Mitch Mitchell in 1970. It is the first comprehensive collection of Hendrix's songs overseen by Experience Hendrix, a family company that took over management of his recording legacy in 1997. Fifteen songs with the Experience are included and five with Hendrix's later groups, often referred to as",
"psg_id": "5676784"
},
{
"title": "Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "taken from the original \"Experience Hendrix\" CD release. Other releases may show different information. Bonus disc The album was also released in a two-CD limited edition. The bonus disc contains eight tracks, taken from \"The Jimi Hendrix Experience\" box set (2000). Photograph of front cover Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix Experience Hendrix: The Best of Jimi Hendrix is a compilation album of Jimi Hendrix songs released in 1997. The single compact disc collects 20 songs spanning his career from his first recordings with the Jimi Hendrix Experience in 1966 to his last with Billy Cox and Mitch Mitchell",
"psg_id": "5676786"
},
{
"title": "Angel (Jimi Hendrix song)",
"text": "of material recorded during this period, \"Angel\" was produced by Hendrix and engineered by Eddie Kramer. Jimi Hendrix wrote \"Angel\" in reference to a dream he had about his mother, Lucille Hendrix née Jeter, when he was a child; speaking in a December 1967 interview conducted by Meatball Fulton, Hendrix explained the inspiration behind the song by describing the dream as follows: Writing for the biography \"Jimi Hendrix: Electric Gypsy\", Hendrix historians Harry Shapiro and Caesar Glebbeek have compared \"Angel\" – which they describe as \"arguably Jimi's finest ballad\" – with fellow \"The Cry of Love\" track \"Night Bird Flying\",",
"psg_id": "8000499"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix discography",
"text": "art and titles were released, which Hendrix publicly denounced. After his death, many more such albums appeared. Footnotes Citations References Jimi Hendrix discography Jimi Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter whose career spanned from 1962 to 1970. His discography includes the recordings released during his lifetime. Prior to his rise to fame, he recorded 24 singles as a backing guitarist with American R&B artists, such as the Isley Brothers and Little Richard. Beginning in late 1966, he recorded three best-selling studio albums and 13 singles with the Jimi Hendrix Experience. An Experience compilation album and half of a live",
"psg_id": "8492673"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Memorial Concerts",
"text": "as was a concert film, \"Band of Gerbils\" which was initially released on VHS with a subsequent release on DVD ten years later. The Jimi Hendrix Memorial Concerts The Jimi Hendrix Memorial Concerts: 1995 is a live, double CD composed entirely of Jimi Hendrix covers. It is The Hamsters fifth CD release. The tour the album ultimately derived from was performed as a tribute to Jimi Hendrix as a celebration of 25 years since his death. The band's first album, \"Electric Hamsterland\", also a compilation of Hendrix covers, was released in 1990, 20 years after the death of Hendrix. For",
"psg_id": "10818697"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix (film)",
"text": "Eddie Kramer breaking down the studio mix of the song and unreleased archive footage of a performance of \"Stone Free\" from the July 4, 1970 Atlanta Pop Festival. Jimi Hendrix (film) Jimi Hendrix is a 1973 rockumentary about Jimi Hendrix, directed and produced by Joe Boyd, John Head and Gary Weis. The film contains concert footage of Hendrix from 1967 to 1970, including the Monterey Pop Festival the 1970 Isle of Wight Festival, Woodstock and a . The film also includes interviews with Hendrix' contemporaries, family and friends. People appearing in the film include Paul Caruso, Eric Clapton, Billy Cox,",
"psg_id": "10937254"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience (album)",
"text": "You Experienced\", the basis of the small group airbrush painting used in the cover art for \"\", and the US/Canada cover of \"Electric Ladyland\", which became the official international cover from 1997. All songs are written by Jimi Hendrix, except where noted. The Jimi Hendrix Experience (album) MCA continued the series of definitive masters of the Jimi Hendrix catalogue in 2000, releasing the self-titled box set The Jimi Hendrix Experience, consisting of four discs. The material includes alternative recordings, live performances and some rarities. Although most of the material had been released in earlier compilations, some previously unreleased material (such",
"psg_id": "7521141"
},
{
"title": "Canadian drug charges and trial of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Canadian drug charges and trial of Jimi Hendrix In 1969, American rock musician Jimi Hendrix, who was then at the height of his career, was arrested, tried, and acquitted in Canada for drug possession. On May 3, 1969, customs agents at Toronto International Airport detained Hendrix after finding a small amount of what they suspected to be heroin and hashish in his luggage. Four hours later, after a mobile lab confirmed what had been found, he was formally charged with drug possession. Released on $10,000 bail, Hendrix was required to return on May 5 for an arraignment hearing. During a",
"psg_id": "17848917"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix Park",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix Park Jimi Hendrix Park is a park in Seattle, Washington named in honor of musician Jimi Hendrix, who was from Seattle. The park was named in 2006, and the opening of the park was announced in December, 2011 at the Northwest African American Museum, adjacent to the park, with an opening planned for 2012 to mark the 70th anniversary of the musician's birth. As of summer 2013, the park design had been approved by the city, and development from a large grassy area into the planned guitar-shaped system of pathways and vegetation had not yet begun. The park",
"psg_id": "17760553"
},
{
"title": "The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volume Two",
"text": "The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volume Two The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volume Two is a follow up compilation album to \"The Essential Jimi Hendrix\" (1978). The UK release also contained a 7-inch 33 rpm one-sided EP of the Jimi Hendrix Experience performing the song \"Gloria\", that had been included with the first US \"Essential\" release. In the US in 1989, the two albums were combined for the CD release \"The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volumes One and Two\". All of the \"Essential\" albums have been replaced by later compilations. All songs composed by Jimi Hendrix except where noted. Also included with the",
"psg_id": "12012732"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "billing, advertisements, and tickets were printed with the New Jimi Hendrix Experience or occasionally just Jimi Hendrix. During the first half of 1970, Hendrix sporadically worked on material for what would have been his next LP. Many of the tracks were posthumously released in 1971 as \"The Cry of Love\". He had started writing songs for the album in 1968, but in April 1970 he told Keith Altham that the project had been abandoned. Soon afterward, he and his band took a break from recording and began the Cry of Love tour at the L.A. Forum, performing for 20,000 people.",
"psg_id": "213708"
},
{
"title": "Becoming Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Becoming Jimi Hendrix Becoming Jimi Hendrix: From Southern Crossroads to Psychedelic London, the Untold Story of a Musical Genius is a biography of American rock and roll musician Jimi Hendrix, written by Steven Roby and Brad Schreiber and published by Da Cabo Press in 2010. The book is an account of Hendrix's life leading up to his international popularity. The authors chronicle Hendrix's life starting as a musically obsessed child, through his time in the Army, and years as a working musician, living in poverty and learning from artists like Little Richard and The Isley Brothers. It also details the",
"psg_id": "18909322"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix: An Illustrated Experience",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix: An Illustrated Experience Jimi Hendrix: An Illustrated Experience is a biography of American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, written by his stepsister Janie and his biographer John McDermott, and published on October 9, 2007. The book tells the story of Hendrix and his life through reproductions of rare material such as letters, drawings, postcards and posters. \"An Illustrated Experience\" also contains a companion CD entitled \"Hendrix: Live\", which includes three live tracks, two interviews, and a studio jam entitled \"Keep on Groovin'\". The focus of \"An Illustrated Experience\" is on the interactive features used to tell Hendrix's life story. Authors",
"psg_id": "12351199"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Memorial Concerts",
"text": "The Jimi Hendrix Memorial Concerts The Jimi Hendrix Memorial Concerts: 1995 is a live, double CD composed entirely of Jimi Hendrix covers. It is The Hamsters fifth CD release. The tour the album ultimately derived from was performed as a tribute to Jimi Hendrix as a celebration of 25 years since his death. The band's first album, \"Electric Hamsterland\", also a compilation of Hendrix covers, was released in 1990, 20 years after the death of Hendrix. For the 25th anniversary the band decided to do a full UK tour playing predominantly Hendrix covers. This album was recorded during that tour,",
"psg_id": "10818696"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix videography",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix videography Jimi Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter whose career spanned from 1962 to 1970. His videography includes commercially released films of musical performances and documentaries about his career. Hendrix appeared in two popular 1960s music festival films – \"Monterey Pop\" (1968) and \"Woodstock\" (1970). A short documentary, \"Experience\" (1968), also known as \"See My Music Talking\", was also screened. At the time of his death, two concert films were in development. \"Jimi Plays Berkeley\" (1971) was the first film featuring Hendrix to be issued posthumously. A second, tentatively titled \"The Last Experience\", was filmed of the",
"psg_id": "18690436"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "which was produced by Hendrix. The album includes the track \"Machine Gun\", which musicologist Andy Aledort described as the pinnacle of Hendrix's career, and \"the premiere example of [his] unparalleled genius as a rock guitarist ... In this performance, Jimi transcended the medium of rock music, and set an entirely new standard for the potential of electric guitar.\" During the song's extended instrumental breaks, Hendrix created sounds with his guitar that sonically represented warfare, including rockets, bombs, and diving planes. The \"Band of Gypsys\" album was the only official live Hendrix LP made commercially available during his lifetime; several tracks",
"psg_id": "213703"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "launched the 2010, Jimi Hendrix Catalog Project, starting with the release of \"Valleys of Neptune\" in March of that year. In the months before his death, Hendrix recorded demos for a concept album tentatively titled \"Black Gold\", which are now in the possession of Experience Hendrix LLC; , no official release date has been announced. Hendrix played a variety of guitars throughout his career, but the instrument that became most associated with him was the Fender Stratocaster. He acquired his first Stratocaster in 1966, when a girlfriend loaned him enough money to purchase a used one that had been built",
"psg_id": "213729"
},
{
"title": "Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix is a 1993 album recorded by various artists in tribute to Jimi Hendrix. The artists were drawn from many genres of popular music. Contributors include his classic rock contemporaries Eric Clapton and Jeff Beck, blues man Buddy Guy, classical violinist Nigel Kennedy, alternative pop/rock bands Belly and Spin Doctors, hip hop artists P. M. Dawn, among others. According to the liner notes, the \"artists were encouraged to not only record one of their own personal favorites but to also place their stamp on Jimi's songs.\" Several",
"psg_id": "9324189"
},
{
"title": "Angel (Jimi Hendrix song)",
"text": "Angel (Jimi Hendrix song) \"Angel\" is a song by American psychedelic rock musician Jimi Hendrix, featured on his 1971 posthumous studio album \"The Cry of Love\". Written and self-produced by Hendrix, the song was recorded for the guitarist's unreleased fourth studio album just months before he died in September 1970, and was later released as the lead single from his first posthumous studio album in the United Kingdom. Despite its late entry into the musician's catalog, the song \"Angel\" dates back to relatively early in Jimi Hendrix's career, when the music was first recorded under the name \"Little Wing\" in",
"psg_id": "8000496"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "peaked at an estimated 400,000 people, was now reduced to 30–40,000, many of whom had waited to catch a glimpse of Hendrix before leaving during his performance. The festival MC, Chip Monck, introduced the group as \"the Jimi Hendrix Experience\", but Hendrix clarified: \"We decided to change the whole thing around and call it \"Gypsy Sun and Rainbows\". For short, it's nothin' but a \"Band of Gypsys\"\". Hendrix's performance featured a rendition of the U.S. national anthem, \"The Star-Spangled Banner\", during which he used copious amounts of amplifier feedback, distortion, and sustain to replicate the sounds made by rockets and",
"psg_id": "213698"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "at Greenwood Cemetery in Renton, Washington, the location of his mother's grave. Hendrix's family and friends traveled in twenty-four limousines and more than two hundred people attended the funeral, including several notable musicians such as original Experience members Mitch Mitchell and Noel Redding, as well as Miles Davis, John Hammond, and Johnny Winter. By 1967, as Hendrix was gaining in popularity, many of his pre-Experience recordings were marketed to an unsuspecting public as Jimi Hendrix albums, sometimes with misleading later images of Hendrix. The recordings, which came under the control of producer Ed Chalpin of PPX, with whom Hendrix had",
"psg_id": "213725"
},
{
"title": "Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Dog project, and the song \"Hey Baby (Land of the New Rising Sun)\" was added to Temple of the Dog's live set in 2016. Eric Clapton's backing group on the title track includes the three original core members of Chic (Nile Rodgers, Bernard Edwards and Tony Thompson) and is the last recording on which all three played together. On February 9, 2015, the album was released for the first time on vinyl by Music on Vinyl. Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix Stone Free: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix is a 1993 album recorded by various artists in tribute",
"psg_id": "9324191"
},
{
"title": "Crash Landing (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "Crash Landing (Jimi Hendrix album) Crash Landing is a posthumous compilation album by American guitarist Jimi Hendrix. It was released in March and August 1975 in the United States and the United Kingdom respectively. It was the first Hendrix album to be produced by Alan Douglas. Before Hendrix died in 1970, he was in the final stages of preparing what he intended to be a double studio LP, which was given various titles such as 'First Rays of the New Rising Sun', 'People, Hell & Angels', and 'Strate Ahead' [sic]. Most of the tracks intended for this album were spread",
"psg_id": "9764930"
},
{
"title": "Soundtrack Recordings from the Film Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "in 1973 by Joe Boyd, John Head and Gary Weis for Warner Bros. The film contains concert footage from 1967 to 1970, including material from and the Monterey Pop Festival. The film also includes interviews with Hendrix' contemporaries, family and friends. The estate of Jimi Hendrix authorized the 1973 film to be re-released on video and DVD in 1999, and a special edition DVD was released 2005. Songs by Jimi Hendrix unless otherwise noted. Soundtrack Recordings from the Film Jimi Hendrix Soundtrack Recordings from the Film Jimi Hendrix is the soundtrack to the 1973 documentary film, \"Jimi Hendrix\". The double",
"psg_id": "9764575"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix videography",
"text": "\"Gold\" and \"Platinum\" in several countries. The 2013 documentary \"Hear My Train A Comin<nowiki>'</nowiki>\" received an Emmy Award in 2014. Citations References Jimi Hendrix videography Jimi Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter whose career spanned from 1962 to 1970. His videography includes commercially released films of musical performances and documentaries about his career. Hendrix appeared in two popular 1960s music festival films – \"Monterey Pop\" (1968) and \"Woodstock\" (1970). A short documentary, \"Experience\" (1968), also known as \"See My Music Talking\", was also screened. At the time of his death, two concert films were in development. \"Jimi Plays Berkeley\"",
"psg_id": "18690438"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix discography",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix discography Jimi Hendrix was an American guitarist and singer-songwriter whose career spanned from 1962 to 1970. His discography includes the recordings released during his lifetime. Prior to his rise to fame, he recorded 24 singles as a backing guitarist with American R&B artists, such as the Isley Brothers and Little Richard. Beginning in late 1966, he recorded three best-selling studio albums and 13 singles with the Jimi Hendrix Experience. An Experience compilation album and half of a live album recorded at the Monterey Pop Festival were also issued prior to his death. After the breakup of the Experience",
"psg_id": "8492670"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix (film)",
"text": "film is also known as A Film About Jimi Hendrix. This title was used on the 2005 DVD cover and theatrical poster. The soundtrack to the film features 12 songs as well as excerpts of interviews with Hendrix, his father Al Hendrix, Little Richard and others. The estate of Jimi Hendrix authorized the 1973 film to be re-released on video and DVD in 1999. An expanded DVD edition was issued in 2005, featuring a new documentary, \"From the Ukulele to the Strat\", with more remembrances of Hendrix through interviews with family and friends, the making of \"Dolly Dagger\", with producer-engineer",
"psg_id": "10937253"
},
{
"title": "Crash Landing (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "of the songs on \"Crash Landing\" appear on more recent Hendrix compilations without the Douglas-era overdubbing. Added in 1975: Footnotes Bibliography Crash Landing (Jimi Hendrix album) Crash Landing is a posthumous compilation album by American guitarist Jimi Hendrix. It was released in March and August 1975 in the United States and the United Kingdom respectively. It was the first Hendrix album to be produced by Alan Douglas. Before Hendrix died in 1970, he was in the final stages of preparing what he intended to be a double studio LP, which was given various titles such as 'First Rays of the",
"psg_id": "9764935"
},
{
"title": "Live at Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "Live at Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album) Live at Woodstock is a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix released on July 6, 1999. The album documents most of Hendrix's performance with his band Gypsy Sun and Rainbows at Woodstock Festival on August 18, 1969. Many of the tracks on this album were released in 1994 on \"Woodstock\". As with the earlier release, rhythm guitarist Larry Lee's medley of \"Gypsy Woman\" with \"Aware of Love\" (both songs originally by The Impressions) and his \"Mastermind\" are not included. \"Mastermind\" was played between \"Red House\" and \"Lover Man\" while \"Gypsy Woman\"/\"Aware of Love\" was",
"psg_id": "6686058"
},
{
"title": "Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection",
"text": "where noted. Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection is a two-disc compilation album by American rock musician Jimi Hendrix, released on May 8, 2001, by MCA Records. The first disc contains studio recordings, including alternate versions, while the second disc contains live recordings, some of which were previously unreleased. It was packaged with an essay by writer Kurt Loder. \"Voodoo Child\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), having sold 500,000 copies in the United States. In a five-star review for \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau said \"Voodoo Child\" was an",
"psg_id": "7975661"
},
{
"title": "Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection",
"text": "Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection is a two-disc compilation album by American rock musician Jimi Hendrix, released on May 8, 2001, by MCA Records. The first disc contains studio recordings, including alternate versions, while the second disc contains live recordings, some of which were previously unreleased. It was packaged with an essay by writer Kurt Loder. \"Voodoo Child\" was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), having sold 500,000 copies in the United States. In a five-star review for \"Blender\" magazine, Robert Christgau said \"Voodoo Child\" was an improvement over",
"psg_id": "7975658"
},
{
"title": "Freedom (Jimi Hendrix song)",
"text": "Freedom (Jimi Hendrix song) \"Freedom\" is a song by Jimi Hendrix first released in 1971 on the album \"The Cry of Love\". The song was written by Hendrix and recorded at Electric Lady Studios on June 25th, 1970. [Also released as a single, it was only one of two posthumous Hendrix singles to appear on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, where it reached number 59. It is now one of the more popular songs in the Hendrix collection, and is a staple in many compilation works. It was later featured on the 1997 album \"First Rays of the New Rising Sun\".",
"psg_id": "10504663"
},
{
"title": "Loose Ends (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "Album\" on LP and cassette (Contour Records, UK). Loose Ends (Jimi Hendrix album) Loose Ends is a posthumous compilation album by American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, released in February 1974 in the United Kingdom. It was the fourth and last Hendrix studio album released posthumously by manager Michael Jeffery. The album features a collection of outtakes and jams, with the exception of \"The Stars That Play with Laughing Sam's Dice\" which is the sole authorized track by Hendrix, in a new stereo mix by Eddie Kramer. The album was engineered, mixed and compiled by John Jansen, who is listed on the",
"psg_id": "9765639"
},
{
"title": "Loose Ends (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "Loose Ends (Jimi Hendrix album) Loose Ends is a posthumous compilation album by American guitarist Jimi Hendrix, released in February 1974 in the United Kingdom. It was the fourth and last Hendrix studio album released posthumously by manager Michael Jeffery. The album features a collection of outtakes and jams, with the exception of \"The Stars That Play with Laughing Sam's Dice\" which is the sole authorized track by Hendrix, in a new stereo mix by Eddie Kramer. The album was engineered, mixed and compiled by John Jansen, who is listed on the record's sleeve as \"Alex Trevor\" because he did",
"psg_id": "9765637"
},
{
"title": "Live at Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "played between \"Izabella\" and \"Fire\". Lee's solo on \"Red House\" and Mitch Mitchell's drum solo on \"Jam Back at the House\" have been edited. A two-disc DVD version of the performance was issued on September 13, 2005, and a single-disc Blu-ray version was issued on November 25, 2008. Live at Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album) Live at Woodstock is a posthumous live album by Jimi Hendrix released on July 6, 1999. The album documents most of Hendrix's performance with his band Gypsy Sun and Rainbows at Woodstock Festival on August 18, 1969. Many of the tracks on this album were released",
"psg_id": "6686059"
},
{
"title": "The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volume Two",
"text": "album was a 7\" 33 1/3 RPM one-sided single of \"Gloria\" (Recorded at TTG Studios, Hollywood, CA, October 29, 1968). The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volume Two The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volume Two is a follow up compilation album to \"The Essential Jimi Hendrix\" (1978). The UK release also contained a 7-inch 33 rpm one-sided EP of the Jimi Hendrix Experience performing the song \"Gloria\", that had been included with the first US \"Essential\" release. In the US in 1989, the two albums were combined for the CD release \"The Essential Jimi Hendrix Volumes One and Two\". All of the \"Essential\"",
"psg_id": "12012733"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix posthumous discography",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix posthumous discography Jimi Hendrix was an American musician whose career spanned from 1962 to 1970. His posthumous discography includes recordings released after September 18, 1970. Hendrix left behind a large number of recordings in varying stages of completion. This material, along with reissues of his career catalogue, has been released over the years in several formats by various producers and record companies. Since Experience Hendrix, a family company, took control of his recording legacy in 1995, over 15 Hendrix albums have appeared on the main US albums chart. Several of these have also placed on charts in more",
"psg_id": "12696833"
},
{
"title": "Electric Chubbyland: Popa Chubby Plays Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Frédéric Loumagne who plays in Evil Country Jack a surfin'trashmetal band. All songs written by Jimi Hendrix, except where noted. Electric Chubbyland: Popa Chubby Plays Jimi Hendrix Electric Chubbyland: Popa Chubby Plays Jimi Hendrix is a live and studio album by Popa Chubby recorded in tribute to Jimi Hendrix. The concert part was recorded in Middletown, New York at the Corner Stage, February 10–11, 2006. The studio part, recorded in 2006 at the Serpentine Studio in Central Valley, includes \"San Catri\", an instrumental piece written by Popa Chubby in the style of Jimi Hendrix. The album was re-released in 2007",
"psg_id": "11565902"
},
{
"title": "Blues (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "Blues (Jimi Hendrix album) Blues is a posthumous compilation album by musician Jimi Hendrix, released April 26, 1994, on MCA Records. The album contains eleven blues songs recorded by Hendrix between 1966 and 1970. Out of these eleven, six were previously unreleased. The tracks include seven of Hendrix's compositions along with covers of famous blues songs such as \"Born Under a Bad Sign\" and \"Mannish Boy\". Most of the album's material consists of leftover studio tapes that Hendrix might have never intended to release. Compiled by MCA and released in 1994, \"Blues\" was met with favorable criticism and multiple chart",
"psg_id": "5991992"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "24, 1966, and signed him to a management and production contract with himself and ex-Animals manager Michael Jeffery. On September 24, Hendrix gave an impromptu solo performance at The Scotch of St James, and later that night he began a relationship with Kathy Etchingham that lasted for two and a half years. Following Hendrix's arrival in London, Chandler began recruiting members for a band designed to highlight the guitarist's talents, the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Hendrix met guitarist Noel Redding at an audition for the New Animals, where Redding's knowledge of blues progressions impressed Hendrix, who stated that he also liked",
"psg_id": "213664"
},
{
"title": "Angel (Jimi Hendrix song)",
"text": "her album, \"Making Life Rhyme\". Canadian blues rock group The Jeff Healey band covered \"Angel\" for the 1995 album \"Cover to Cover\". Angel (Jimi Hendrix song) \"Angel\" is a song by American psychedelic rock musician Jimi Hendrix, featured on his 1971 posthumous studio album \"The Cry of Love\". Written and self-produced by Hendrix, the song was recorded for the guitarist's unreleased fourth studio album just months before he died in September 1970, and was later released as the lead single from his first posthumous studio album in the United Kingdom. Despite its late entry into the musician's catalog, the song",
"psg_id": "8000505"
},
{
"title": "Black Gold (Jimi Hendrix recordings)",
"text": "Black Gold (Jimi Hendrix recordings) In early 1970, Jimi Hendrix recorded an autobiographical song cycle in his Greenwich Village apartment that he titled Black Gold. The tapes consisted of 16 songs, all created by a solo Hendrix armed only with his voice and a Martin acoustic guitar. Near the end of the collection lies an embryonic two-part rendition of his superhero themed funk-rock tune \"Astro Man\", in which Hendrix sings lines from the 1950s \"Mighty Mouse\" cartoon theme and makes humorous references to Superman. Other songs from the \"Black Gold\" sessions were also further developed in the studio and have",
"psg_id": "11386539"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "studio orchestra, and an appearance on \"The Tonight Show\" where he appeared with Cox and session drummer Ed Shaughnessy. By 1969, Hendrix was the world's highest-paid rock musician. In August, he headlined the Woodstock Music and Art Fair that included many of the most popular bands of the time. For the concert, he added rhythm guitarist Larry Lee and conga players Juma Sultan and Jerry Velez. The band rehearsed for less than two weeks before the performance, and according to Mitchell, they never connected musically. Before arriving at the engagement, Hendrix heard reports that the size of the audience had",
"psg_id": "213696"
},
{
"title": "Soundtrack Recordings from the Film Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Soundtrack Recordings from the Film Jimi Hendrix Soundtrack Recordings from the Film Jimi Hendrix is the soundtrack to the 1973 documentary film, \"Jimi Hendrix\". The double album was released by Reprise Records in July 1973. It contains the full-length live performances from the film and some clips from interviews (though not necessarily from the film). The album peaked at number 89 on the \"Billboard\" album chart, which generated concern at Reprise Records that repackaging old material would no longer satisfy the fans of Jimi Hendrix. The album has not been released on compact disc. The documentary (or rockumentary) was made",
"psg_id": "9764574"
},
{
"title": "Death of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "2 p.m., BBC Radio 1 reported: \"Jimi Hendrix, regarded by millions as one of the most talented and original performers in modern rock music, is dead.\" That evening, \"The New York Times\" described him as \"a genius black musician, a guitarist, singer and composer of brilliantly dramatic power. He spoke in gestures and big as he could imagine and create.\" On September 19, Dannemann spoke with a journalist for the German tabloid \"Bild\". During the interview, published on September 24, Dannemann stated: \"I loved him, and Jimi loved me ... We were already engaged ... I would then have designed",
"psg_id": "16959709"
},
{
"title": "Death of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Death of Jimi Hendrix On September 18, 1970, and at the age of 27, the American musician Jimi Hendrix died in London. One of the most influential guitarists of the 1960s, he was described by the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as \"arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music.\" For some days Hendrix had been in poor health, due in part to fatigue caused by overworking, a chronic lack of sleep, and an illness assumed to be influenza-related. Insecurities about his personal relationships and disillusionment with the music industry had also contributed to his frustration. Although",
"psg_id": "16959683"
},
{
"title": "Becoming Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "kinds of lives he led while living in different areas -- Nashville, Greenwich Village, and Harlem, for example—and how influence of those places and people he associated in each on his musical style. David Kirby of the \"New York Times\" highlights the book's finding that Hendrix's exposure to Bob Dylan was among his most defining moments, becoming successful the following year. For \"Adweek\", the most salient insight into Hendrix's personality presented by the book was his great interest in science fiction literature. Becoming Jimi Hendrix Becoming Jimi Hendrix: From Southern Crossroads to Psychedelic London, the Untold Story of a Musical",
"psg_id": "18909323"
},
{
"title": "Kiss the Sky (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "at the time. The front cover artwork of the 1984 CD release on Reprise boasted \"Digitally remastered from original vault tapes\", whilst the Reprise cassette cover artwork stated \"Special Edition Jimi Hendrix album. Digitally remastered from original vault tapes. Audiophile qualilty recording on high-qualilty cassette\". All songs are written by Jimi Hendrix, except where noted. Kiss the Sky (Jimi Hendrix album) Kiss the Sky is a compilation album by American rock guitarist, singer–songwriter Jimi Hendrix; released through Polydor Records in November 1984. The album's title is taken from the lyrics of \"Purple Haze.\" \"Red House\" was listed in the liner",
"psg_id": "7826180"
},
{
"title": "Smash Hits (The Jimi Hendrix Experience album)",
"text": "Smash Hits (The Jimi Hendrix Experience album) Smash Hits is a compilation album by the Jimi Hendrix Experience. Track Records first issued it on April 12, 1968, in the UK and included all four of the group's singles (eight \"sides\") released up to that time, plus four additional songs from the UK edition of \"Are You Experienced\". Reprise Records did not issue the album in the US until July 30, 1969, and it included some different tracks. It included two songs from \"Electric Ladyland\" and a stereo version of \"Red House\" from a different session than the original mono take",
"psg_id": "5480817"
},
{
"title": "Miami Pop Festival (Jimi Hendrix Experience album)",
"text": "Miami Pop Festival (Jimi Hendrix Experience album) Miami Pop Festival is a posthumous live album by the Jimi Hendrix Experience, documenting their May 18, 1968 performance at the Miami Pop Festival. It features eight songs recorded during their evening performance, along with two extra songs, \"Fire\" and \"Foxey Lady\", recorded during the afternoon show, which were also released as a stereo 45 rpm single. The album was released on November 5, 2013, in conjunction with the Jimi Hendrix video documentary, \"Hear My Train A Comin\"'. In a review for AllMusic, Mark Demming gave the album three and a half out",
"psg_id": "17663628"
},
{
"title": "West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology",
"text": "West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology is a posthumous box set by American rock musician Jimi Hendrix. The set was released on November 16, 2010, in the US and includes four discs of previously unreleased studio and live recordings as well as a DVD with a documentary based on the life and career of Hendrix directed by Bob Smeaton called \"Jimi Hendrix Voodoo Child\". Disc one documents Jimi's time as a backing guitarist for other musicians. A single disc \"Best of\" edition is also available, with or without the documentary.",
"psg_id": "14817256"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience",
"text": "Animals bassist, Chas Chandler, formed a backing band with bassist Noel Redding and drummer Mitch Mitchell. Mitchell was a seasoned London drummer formerly with Georgie Fame and the Blue Flames. Hendrix chose Redding because of his attitude towards music and his hairstyle. Redding had been a guitar player until that time, but played bass in the band. The name \"The Jimi Hendrix Experience\" was coined by their business manager Michael Jeffery. The first official appearance of \"The Jimi Hendrix Experience\" (invited by French singer Johnny Hallyday) was at the \"Novelty\" in Évreux, France, on October 13, 1966. Six days later",
"psg_id": "1306667"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "associated with the drug culture as Jimi\". Hendrix would often become angry and violent when he drank too much alcohol or when he mixed alcohol with drugs. His friend Herbie Worthington explained: \"You wouldn't expect somebody with that kind of love to be that violent ... He just couldn't drink ... he simply turned into a bastard\". According to journalist and friend Sharon Lawrence, Hendrix \"admitted he could not handle hard liquor, which set off a bottled-up anger, a destructive fury he almost never displayed otherwise\". In January 1968, the Experience travelled to Sweden for a one-week tour of Europe.",
"psg_id": "213718"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "and directed by Jimi Hendrix\". During the \"Electric Ladyland\" recording sessions, Hendrix began experimenting with other combinations of musicians, including Jefferson Airplane's Jack Casady and Traffic's Steve Winwood, who played bass and organ, respectively, on the fifteen-minute slow-blues jam, \"Voodoo Chile\". During the album's production, Hendrix appeared at an impromptu jam with B.B. King, Al Kooper, and Elvin Bishop. \"Electric Ladyland\" was released on October 25, and by mid-November it had reached number one in the U.S., spending two weeks at the top spot. The double LP was Hendrix's most commercially successful release and his only number one album. It",
"psg_id": "213688"
},
{
"title": "Electric Chubbyland: Popa Chubby Plays Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Electric Chubbyland: Popa Chubby Plays Jimi Hendrix Electric Chubbyland: Popa Chubby Plays Jimi Hendrix is a live and studio album by Popa Chubby recorded in tribute to Jimi Hendrix. The concert part was recorded in Middletown, New York at the Corner Stage, February 10–11, 2006. The studio part, recorded in 2006 at the Serpentine Studio in Central Valley, includes \"San Catri\", an instrumental piece written by Popa Chubby in the style of Jimi Hendrix. The album was re-released in 2007 by Blind Pig Records. It includes \"Fire\" in place of \"Hey Joe\". The cover was drawn by the French artist",
"psg_id": "11565901"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. Although his mainstream career spanned only four years, he is widely regarded as one of the most influential electric guitarists in the history of popular music, and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as \"arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music\". Born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at the age of 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the",
"psg_id": "213633"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "abilities with those of saxophonist John Coltrane. Guitar virtuoso Greg Koch has stated that Jimi Hendrix was his biggest influence. Hendrix also influenced industrial artist Marilyn Manson, blues legend Stevie Ray Vaughan, Metallica Kirk Hammett, instrumental rock guitarist Joe Satriani, Frank Zappa/David Bowie/Talking Heads/King Crimson/Nine Inch Nails hired gun Adrian Belew, and heavy metal virtuoso Yngwie Malmsteen, who said: \"[Hendrix] created modern electric playing, without question ... He was the first. He started it all. The rest is history.\" Hendrix received several prestigious rock music awards during his lifetime and posthumously. In 1967, readers of \"Melody Maker\" voted him the",
"psg_id": "213745"
},
{
"title": "Machine Gun (Jimi Hendrix song)",
"text": "Machine Gun (Jimi Hendrix song) \"Machine Gun\" is a song written by American musician Jimi Hendrix, and originally recorded for the 1970 \"Band of Gypsys\" album, with Billy Cox and Buddy Miles. It is a lengthy, loosely defined (jam-based) protest of the Vietnam War, and perhaps a broader comment on conflict of any kind. At a performance in Berkeley, California, Hendrix introduced the song: Hendrix's 12-minute performance of \"Machine Gun\" for the \"Band of Gypsys\" is often lauded as his greatest, and is considered a stunning display of guitar virtuosity. Hendrix's long guitar solos and percussive riffs combine with controlled",
"psg_id": "7057504"
},
{
"title": "Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "in all, your basic rock concert as act of flawed genius. Does this kind of thing happen any more? Not on such a scale for sure.\" Although \"Live at Woodstock\" (1999) was later released as a more comprehensive record of Hendrix's performance, Christgau felt the \"condensed reconfiguration\" offered by the 1994 album magnified the concert's \"aura\". AllMusic's Jason Anderson was less enthusiastic, deeming it \"very significant\" but not very well recorded, with fairly dull versions of \"Fire\" and \"Purple Haze\". Woodstock (Jimi Hendrix album) Woodstock is a live album by Jimi Hendrix released posthumously on August 20, 1994. The album",
"psg_id": "12189144"
},
{
"title": "Blues (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "his influences but also transcend them, while \"NME\" said the compilation of lengthy blues jams was distinguished by his \"definitive\" style of electric blues and the digital remastering quality. Writing for AllMusic, Richie Unterberger said the songs showed \"the master guitarist stretching the boundaries of electric blues in both live and studio settings.\" \"Village Voice\" critic Robert Christgau believed the ordinary blues concept and track selection were conducive to Hendrix's unique and eclectic style. He later wrote of Hendrix's blues legacy in \"Blender\": Musicians Additional personnel Blues (Jimi Hendrix album) Blues is a posthumous compilation album by musician Jimi Hendrix,",
"psg_id": "5991999"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "United States National Recording Registry in the Library of Congress, \"[to] be preserved for all time ... [as] part of the nation's audio legacy\". The blue plaque identifying his former residence at 23 Brook Street, London, (next door to the former residence of George Frideric Handel) was the first one issued by English Heritage to commemorate a pop star. A memorial statue of Hendrix playing a Stratocaster stands near the corner of Broadway and Pine Streets in Seattle. In May 2006, the city renamed a park near its Central District Jimi Hendrix Park, in his honor. In 2012, an official",
"psg_id": "213750"
},
{
"title": "Death of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "to which he laughed and replied: \"A mad scientist approach ... I don't consider [my music] the invention of psychedelic, it's just asking a lot of questions.\" The following day, Hendrix received a phone call from one of his girlfriends, Devon Wilson, who had become jealous after hearing rumors that he was dating another woman, Kirsten Nefer. Nefer recalled: \"I heard Jimi talk to Devon ... she was mad ... she went into fits ... Jimi said 'Devon, get off my back'\". Hendrix was scheduled to perform in Rotterdam on September 13, but the show, along with three others, was",
"psg_id": "16959689"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "exotic looking \"Jimi\". On October 1, 1966, Chandler brought Hendrix to the London Polytechnic at Regent Street, where Cream was scheduled to perform, and where Hendrix and Eric Clapton met. Clapton later commented: \"He asked if he could play a couple of numbers. I said, 'Of course', but I had a funny feeling about him.\" Halfway through Cream's set, Hendrix took the stage and performed a frantic version of the Howlin' Wolf song \"Killing Floor\". In 1989, Clapton described the performance: \"He played just about every style you could think of, and not in a flashy way. I mean he",
"psg_id": "213666"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. \"Rolling Stone\" ranked the band's three studio albums, \"Are You Experienced\", \"\", and \"Electric Ladyland\", among the 100 greatest albums of all time, and they ranked Hendrix as the greatest guitarist and the sixth greatest artist of all time. Jimi Hendrix had a diverse heritage. His paternal grandmother, Zenora \"Nora\" Rose Moore, was African American and one-quarter Cherokee. Hendrix's paternal grandfather, Bertran Philander Ross Hendrix (born 1866), was born out of an extramarital affair between a woman named Fanny, and a grain merchant",
"psg_id": "213638"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix videography",
"text": "Jimi Hendrix Experience's last British concert. However, legal difficulties have prevented its release. Additionally, a theatrical film, with incidental music and 17 minutes of Hendrix's performing, was released as \"Rainbow Bridge\" (1971). In 1973, the first attempt at a biographical documentary film, titled \"Jimi Hendrix\" was released. Over the years, many concert films and documentaries have been forthcoming. In addition to full-length performances at Monterey and Woodstock, Hendrix's 1970 concerts at the Isle of Wight and the Atlanta International Pop Festivals have been released on video. DVD releases of several of these and the earlier films have been certified as",
"psg_id": "18690437"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience",
"text": "April until August 1970. At the end of August, the European leg of the tour began, as a headliner at the Isle of Wight Festival 1970. During a break in the tour, Hendrix died on September 18, 1970. In 1992, the Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Noel Redding was found dead in his home in Ireland on May 11, 2003. While touring in the US, Mitch Mitchell was found dead on November 12, 2008 in his room at the Benson Hotel in Portland, Oregon. The Jimi Hendrix Experience The Jimi Hendrix Experience was an",
"psg_id": "1306674"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience (album)",
"text": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience (album) MCA continued the series of definitive masters of the Jimi Hendrix catalogue in 2000, releasing the self-titled box set The Jimi Hendrix Experience, consisting of four discs. The material includes alternative recordings, live performances and some rarities. Although most of the material had been released in earlier compilations, some previously unreleased material (such as live versions of \"Killing Floor\" and \"The Wind Cries Mary\") was also included. The alternative recordings include some tracks from Hendrix's studio albums, even including some from \"First Rays of the New Rising Sun\". This list includes \"Purple Haze\", \"Highway Chile\",",
"psg_id": "7521138"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "Bob Dylan can be heard in Hendrix's songwriting; he was known to play Dylan's records repeatedly, particularly \"Highway 61 Revisited\" and \"Blonde on Blonde\". The Experience's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame biography states: \"Jimi Hendrix was arguably the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music. Hendrix expanded the range and vocabulary of the electric guitar into areas no musician had ever ventured before. His boundless drive, technical ability and creative application of such effects as wah-wah and distortion forever transformed the sound of rock and roll.\" Musicologist Andy Aledort described Hendrix as \"one of the most creative\" and",
"psg_id": "213739"
},
{
"title": "Death of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "the sleeves for his records ... He could not sleep. So I gave him the tablets.\" On September 20, a reporter from \"The Daily Telegraph\" interviewed Dannemann's brother, Klaus-Peter Dannemann, who stated: \"[Monika] telephoned me on [September 19] and told me that [Hendrix] took nine sleeping tablets. She said that Jimi had told her that he wanted to sleep for a day and a half before he went to America. She told me that he did not intend to kill himself.\" To determine the cause of death, the coroner, Gavin Thurston, ordered a post-mortem examination on Hendrix's body, which was",
"psg_id": "16959710"
},
{
"title": "Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "too hard, getting too tired, and taking too many drugs ... I liked Hendrix. I don't like Mitchell.\" Soon after Redding's departure, Hendrix began lodging at the eight-bedroom Ashokan House, in the hamlet of Boiceville near Woodstock in upstate New York, where he had spent some time vacationing in mid-1969. Manager Michael Jeffery arranged the accommodations in the hope that the respite might encourage Hendrix to write material for a new album. During this time, Mitchell was unavailable for commitments made by Jeffery, which included Hendrix's first appearance on U.S. TV—on \"The Dick Cavett Show\"—where he was backed by the",
"psg_id": "213695"
},
{
"title": "Black Gold (Jimi Hendrix recordings)",
"text": "On the only recorded source Jimi had written \"Idea for L.P. side 1 suite ... Black Gold\" on side A. On the B side of the cassette the only writing was \"cont from side A\". Some of the tracks have been released on other albums, such as the tracks \"Machine Gun\" and \"Drifting\", found on \"Band of Gypsys\" and \"First Rays of the New Rising Sun\", respectively. Black Gold (Jimi Hendrix recordings) In early 1970, Jimi Hendrix recorded an autobiographical song cycle in his Greenwich Village apartment that he titled Black Gold. The tapes consisted of 16 songs, all created",
"psg_id": "11386544"
},
{
"title": "Voodoo Child: The Jimi Hendrix Collection",
"text": "performances.\" In a three-star review, AllMusic's Lindsay Planer wrote that considering the difficulty in curating a compilation of Hendrix's music, \"Voodoo Child\"s exceptional song selection and sound quality made it successful as \"a thumbnail sketch of Hendrix in both a studio and concert environment ... a great touchstone for anyone wishing to begin their Jimi Hendrix experience\". \"Rolling Stone\" journalists Paul Evans and Nathan Brackett gave the album four out of five stars in \"The Rolling Stone Album Guide\" (2004), as did Colin Larkin in \"The Encyclopedia of Popular Music\" (2011). All songs written and composed by Jimi Hendrix, except",
"psg_id": "7975660"
},
{
"title": "Machine Gun (Jimi Hendrix song)",
"text": "Nash & Young's song \"Ohio\" and Hendrix's \"Machine Gun\" (titled \"Ohio\" / \"Machine Gun\") on their 1971 album \"Givin' It Back\"; both songs are based on the May 4, 1970 killings at Kent State University, where unarmed college students were killed and injured by members of the Ohio National Guard, during a mass protest against the bombing of Cambodia by United States military forces. Machine Gun (Jimi Hendrix song) \"Machine Gun\" is a song written by American musician Jimi Hendrix, and originally recorded for the 1970 \"Band of Gypsys\" album, with Billy Cox and Buddy Miles. It is a lengthy,",
"psg_id": "7057509"
},
{
"title": "Black Gold (Jimi Hendrix recordings)",
"text": "surfaced in the Hendrix catalogue (\"Stepping Stone\", \"Machine Gun\", and \"Drifting\"), but at least nine of the songs are known to be unique to the tapes. Months later, at the Isle of Wight Festival, Hendrix gave the tapes to his drummer Mitch Mitchell to have him listen and comment on the necessary rhythm section requirements for recording the songs. After Hendrix's death in September 1970, Mitchell simply forgot about the tapes, apparently unaware that they were one-of-a-kind masters. For 22 years, the \"Black Gold\" tapes sat in a black Ampex tape box that Hendrix tied shut with a headband and",
"psg_id": "11386540"
},
{
"title": "Death of Jimi Hendrix",
"text": "the vomit was dry when they arrived, making use of their aspirator ineffective. Saua commented: \"When we moved [Hendrix], the gases were gurgling, you get that when someone has died\". According to police officer Smith: \"The ambulance men were there, but Jimi was dead ... There was really nothing they could do for him.\" Smith also disputes Dannemann's claim that she was there with Hendrix at the flat and in the ambulance: No, I remember quite clearly the doors shutting on the crew and Jimi ... there was no one about. If she had been in the flat, they would",
"psg_id": "16959721"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience",
"text": "the band played their first UK gig at a private showcase at the Scotch of St James. Though conceived as back-up band for Hendrix, the Experience, as a unit, gained fame and critical acclaim. Following the lead of Cream, the Jimi Hendrix Experience was one of the first groups to popularize the \"power trio\" format, which limited a rock band's line-up to guitar, bass and drums. Hendrix combined lead and rhythm guitar styles and used special effects to modify his guitar sound such as feedback, and later the wah-wah pedal, to an unprecedented degree. Mitchell sometimes utilized jazz-influenced grooves, while",
"psg_id": "1306668"
},
{
"title": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience French Tour 1966",
"text": "The Jimi Hendrix Experience French Tour 1966 The French Tour 1966 (officially untitled) was a short concert tour by American-British psychedelic rock band The Jimi Hendrix Experience. The tour began on October 13, 1966, concluded on October 18, 1966 and featured four shows. On all four dates, The Experience were supporting Long Chris, The Blackbirds and Johnny Hallyday; The Brian Auger Trinity also performed, before headliner Hallyday, on the final date. The 1966 tour of France marked the first show performed by The Jimi Hendrix Experience, on October 13. This was only one week after the formation of the band,",
"psg_id": "12870404"
},
{
"title": "Blues (Jimi Hendrix album)",
"text": "The song, a Hendrix original, was from a long lost master tape of Hendrix alone playing a 12-string acoustic right-hand guitar, strung for left hand and singing in a delta blues manner. This December 1967 live studio performance was filmed for, and included in the film \"See My Music Talking\", and later included in the 1973 documentary \"Jimi Hendrix\" and accompanying soundtrack LP. Hendrix often played an electric version in concert. The last song on \"Blues\" is a live version of \"Hear My Train A Comin'\", recorded on May 30, 1970, at the Berkeley Community Theatre, that had previously been",
"psg_id": "5991994"
},
{
"title": "West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology",
"text": "The box-set is available in a deluxe edition featuring eight 12-inch vinyl LPs. \"<nowiki>* = Previously unreleased alternate recording</nowiki>\" \"<nowiki>** = Previously unreleased recording</nowiki>\" Mixed at Electric Lady Studios, New York City, August 22, 1970. West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology West Coast Seattle Boy: The Jimi Hendrix Anthology is a posthumous box set by American rock musician Jimi Hendrix. The set was released on November 16, 2010, in the US and includes four discs of previously unreleased studio and live recordings as well as a DVD with a documentary based on the life and career of Hendrix",
"psg_id": "14817257"
}
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"fred braughton",
"edward r. murphy",
"beverley hills cop iv",
"eddie murphy",
"edward regan murphy"
] |
what star sign is shared by meatloaf and luciano pavarotti? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "first marriage. In addition to his very large discography of opera performances Pavarotti also made many classical crossover and pop recordings, the Pavarotti & Friends series of concerts and, for Decca, a series of studio recital albums: first six albums of opera arias and then, from 1979, six albums of Italian song. Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti, (; ; 12 October 19356 September 2007) was an Italian operatic tenor who also crossed over into popular music, eventually becoming one of the most commercially successful tenors of all time. He made numerous recordings of complete operas and individual arias, gaining worldwide fame",
"psg_id": "1754170"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "Luciano Pavarotti Luciano Pavarotti, (; ; 12 October 19356 September 2007) was an Italian operatic tenor who also crossed over into popular music, eventually becoming one of the most commercially successful tenors of all time. He made numerous recordings of complete operas and individual arias, gaining worldwide fame for the quality of his tone, and eventually established himself as one of the finest tenors of the 20th century, achieving the honorific title The King Of High C's. As one of the Three Tenors who performed their first concert during the 1990 FIFA World Cup before a global audience, Pavarotti became",
"psg_id": "1754129"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "from pancreatic cancer on 6 September 2007. Luciano Pavarotti was born in 1935 on the outskirts of Modena in Northern Italy, the son of Fernando Pavarotti, a baker and amateur tenor, and Adele Venturi, a cigar factory worker. Although he spoke fondly of his childhood, the family had little money; its four members were crowded into a two-room apartment. According to Pavarotti, his father had a fine tenor voice but rejected the possibility of a singing career because of nervousness. World War II forced the family out of the city in 1943. For the following year they rented a single",
"psg_id": "1754131"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "sang \"Nessun dorma\" at the 2006 Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Turin, Italy, at his final performance. In the last act of the opening ceremony, his performance received the longest and loudest ovation of the night from the international crowd. Leone Magiera, who directed the performance, revealed in his 2008 memoirs, \"Pavarotti Visto da Vicino\", that the performance had been recorded weeks earlier. \"The orchestra pretended to play for the audience, I pretended to conduct and Luciano pretended to sing. The effect was wonderful,\" he wrote. Pavarotti's manager, Terri Robson, said that the tenor had turned the Winter Olympic Committee's",
"psg_id": "1754157"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "that he could not read music, although he acknowledged he did not read orchestral scores. He received an enormous number of awards and honours, including Kennedy Center Honors in 2001. He also holds two Guinness World Records: one for receiving the most curtain calls (165) and another for the best-selling classical album (\"Carreras Domingo Pavarotti in Concert\" by the Three Tenors; the latter record is thus shared by fellow tenors Plácido Domingo and José Carreras). In late 2003, he released his final compilation—and his first and only \"crossover\" album, \"Ti Adoro.\" Most of the 13 songs were written and produced",
"psg_id": "1754154"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "returned to two opera houses that had provided him with important breakthroughs, the Vienna State Opera and La Scala. Vienna saw Pavarotti as Rodolfo in \"La bohème\" with Carlos Kleiber conducting and again Mirella Freni was Mimi; as Nemorino in \"L'elisir d'amore\"; as Radames in \"Aida\" conducted by Lorin Maazel; as Rodolfo in \"Luisa Miller\"; and as Gustavo in \"Un ballo in maschera\" conducted by Claudio Abbado. In 1996, Pavarotti appeared for the last time at the Staatsoper in \"Andrea Chénier\". In 1985, Pavarotti sang Radames at La Scala opposite Maria Chiara in a Luca Ronconi production conducted by Maazel,",
"psg_id": "1754146"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends",
"text": "Richie, Laura Pausini, Zucchero and Maná, and raised over €2 million for the UNHCR cause. There was some criticism with regards to Pavarotti, a classically-trained opera singer, performing pop songs with pop stars at his charity concerts. Pavarotti responded to the critics saying: \"Some say the word pop is a derogatory word to say 'not important'—I do not accept that. If the word classic is the word to say 'boring,' I do not accept. There is good and bad music.\" Pavarotti & Friends Pavarotti & Friends was a series of benefit concerts hosted by Italian operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti between",
"psg_id": "20133338"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "life, and that it inspired him to become a professional singer. At about this time Pavarotti first met Adua Veroni. They married in 1961. When his teacher Arrigo Pola moved to Japan, Pavarotti became a student of Ettore Campogalliani, who at that time was also teaching Pavarotti's childhood friend, Mirella Freni, whose mother worked with Luciano's mother in the cigar factory. Like Pavarotti, Freni went on to become a successful opera singer; they would go on to collaborate in various stage performances and recordings together. During his years of musical study, Pavarotti held part-time jobs in order to sustain himself",
"psg_id": "1754135"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "by Michele Centonze, who had already helped produce the \"Pavarotti & Friends\" concerts between 1998 and 2000. The tenor described the album as a wedding gift to Nicoletta Mantovani. That same year he was made a Commander of Monaco's Order of Cultural Merit. Pavarotti began his farewell tour in 2004, at the age of 69, performing one last time in old and new locations, after more than four decades on the stage. On 13 March 2004, Pavarotti gave his last performance in an opera at the New York Metropolitan Opera, for which he received a long standing ovation for his",
"psg_id": "1754155"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "overhead, leaving green-white-red smoke trails. After a funeral procession through the centre of Modena, Pavarotti's coffin was taken the final ten kilometres to Montale Rangone, a village part of Castelnuovo Rangone, and was interred in the Pavarotti family crypt. The funeral, in its entirety, was also telecast live on CNN. The Vienna State Opera and the Salzburg Festival Hall flew black flags in mourning. Tributes were published by many opera houses, such as London's Royal Opera House. Pavarotti is also survived by three other daughters by his first wife Adua, to whom he was married for 34 years: Lorenza, Cristina,",
"psg_id": "1754166"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "role as the painter Mario Cavaradossi in Giacomo Puccini's \"Tosca.\" On 1 December 2004, he announced a 40-city farewell tour. Pavarotti and his manager, Terri Robson, commissioned impresario Harvey Goldsmith to produce the Worldwide Farewell Tour. His last full-scale performance was at the end of a two-month Australasian tour in Taiwan in December 2005. In March 2005, Pavarotti underwent neck surgery to repair two vertebrae. In early 2006, he underwent further back surgery and contracted an infection while in the hospital in New York, forcing cancellation of concerts in the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. On 10 February 2006, Pavarotti",
"psg_id": "1754156"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "25th anniversary of his career, he brought the winners of the competition to Italy for gala performances of \"La bohème\" in Modena and Genoa, and then to China where they staged performances of \"La bohème\" in Beijing (Peking). To conclude the visit, Pavarotti performed the inaugural concert in the Great Hall of the People before 10,000 people, receiving a standing ovation for nine effortless high Cs. The third competition in 1989 again staged performances of \"L'elisir d'amore\" and \"Un ballo in maschera\". The winners of the fifth competition accompanied Pavarotti in performances in Philadelphia in 1997. In the mid-1980s, Pavarotti",
"psg_id": "1754145"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "1995 song \"Miss Sarajevo\" and with Mercedes Sosa in a big concert at the Boca Juniors arena La Bombonera in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 1999. In 1998, Pavarotti was presented with the Grammy Legend Award. In 2004, one of Pavarotti's former managers, Herbert Breslin, published a book, \"The King & I\". Seen by many as bitter and sensationalistic, it is critical of the singer's acting (in opera), his inability to read music well and learn parts, and his personal conduct, although acknowledging their success together. In an interview in 2005 with Jeremy Paxman on the BBC, Pavarotti rejected the allegation",
"psg_id": "1754153"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "Concert at the PalaTrussardi in Milan, produced and wrote the television documentary \"The Best is Yet to Come\", an extensive biography about the life of Pavarotti. Lara Saint Paul was the interviewer for the documentary with Pavarotti, who spoke candidly about his life and career. Pavarotti's rise to stardom was not without occasional difficulties, however. He earned a reputation as \"The King of Cancellations\" by frequently backing out of performances, and his unreliable nature led to poor relationships with some opera houses. This was brought into focus in 1989 when Ardis Krainik of the Lyric Opera of Chicago severed the",
"psg_id": "1754151"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "concert held in Beirut since the end of the war, it was attended by 20,000 people who travelled from countries as distant as Saudi Arabia and Bulgaria.In 1999 he also hosted a charity benefit concert to build a school in Guatemala, for Guatemalan civil war orphanes. It was named after him Centro Educativo Pavarotti. Now the foundation of nobel prize winner Rigoberta Menchú Tum is running the school. In 2001, Pavarotti received the Nansen Medal from the UN High Commission for Refugees for his efforts raising money on behalf of refugees worldwide. Through benefit concerts and volunteer work, he has",
"psg_id": "1754162"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "would sustain him over his career. Pavarotti made his American début with the Greater Miami Opera in February 1965, singing in Donizetti's \"Lucia di Lammermoor\" opposite Joan Sutherland on the stage of the Miami-Dade County Auditorium in Miami. The tenor scheduled to perform that night became ill with no understudy. As Sutherland was traveling with him on tour, she recommended the young Pavarotti as he was well acquainted with the role. Shortly after, on 28 April, Pavarotti made his La Scala debut in the revival of the famous Franco Zeffirelli production of \"La bohème,\" with his childhood friend Mirella Freni",
"psg_id": "1754139"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "Kosovo and Iraq. After the war in Bosnia, he financed and established the Pavarotti Music Centre in the southern city of Mostar to offer Bosnia's artists the opportunity to develop their skills. For these contributions, the city of Sarajevo named him an honorary citizen in 2006. He performed at benefit concerts to raise money for victims of tragedies such as the Spitak earthquake that killed 25,000 people in northern Armenia in December 1988, and sang Gounod's \"Ave Maria\" with legendary French pop music star and ethnic Armenian Charles Aznavour. He was a close friend of Diana, Princess of Wales. They",
"psg_id": "1754160"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti Music Centre",
"text": "Pavarotti Music Centre Pavarotti Music Centre (locally known as \"Pavarotti Centar\") is a non-profit arts institution located in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was opened on 21 December 1997 and its premises are located in a former primary school. It was funded entirely by War Child thanks to a number of concerts organized by Luciano Pavarotti, Brian Eno, members of U2 and other artists. The center provides music education for young people and other services, such as workshops, dance classes, and theatre performances. The Centre is housed within a building constructed in 1908 during the Austrian-Hungarian period according to the",
"psg_id": "15728190"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "raised more than any other individual. Also in 2001, Pavarotti was chosen one of that year's five recipients by the President and First Lady as an honoree for their lifetime achievements in the arts at the White House, followed by the Kennedy Center; the Kennedy Center Honors, He was surprised by the appearance of Secretary-General of the United Nations and that year's winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, Kofi Annan, who lauded him for his contribution to humankind. Six months prior, Pavarotti had held a large charity concert for Afghan refugees, particularly children in his home town of Modena, Italy.",
"psg_id": "1754163"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "recorded on video. His performance of the aria \"Celeste Aida\" received a two-minute ovation on the opening night. He was reunited with Mirella Freni for the San Francisco Opera production of \"La bohème\" in 1988, also recorded on video. In 1992, La Scala saw Pavarotti in a new Zeffirelli production of \"Don Carlos\", conducted by Riccardo Muti. Pavarotti's performance was heavily criticized by some observers and booed by parts of the audience. Pavarotti became even better known throughout the world in 1990 when his rendition of the aria \"Nessun dorma\" from Giacomo Puccini's \"Turandot\" was taken as the theme song",
"psg_id": "1754147"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "$15 million in U.S. assets). Pavarotti drafted two wills before his death: one divided his assets by Italian law, giving half to his second wife, Nicoletta Mantovani, and half to his four daughters; the second gave his U.S. holdings to Mantovani. The judge confirmed the compromise by the end of July 2008. However, a Pesaro public prosecutor, Massimo di Patria, investigated allegations that Pavarotti was not of sound mind when he signed the will. Pavarotti's estate has been settled \"fairly\", a lawyer for Mantovani said in statements after reports of a dispute between her and his three daughters from his",
"psg_id": "1754169"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends",
"text": "Pavarotti & Friends Pavarotti & Friends was a series of benefit concerts hosted by Italian operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti between 1992 and 2003 in his home town of Modena, Italy. Proceeds from the events were donated to humanitarian causes including the international aid agency War Child and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. The concerts featured Pavarotti performing with special musical guests and each concert was released as a compilation album and DVD under London Records/Decca Records. Ten benefit concerts were held between 1992 and 2003. The concerts was broadcast in various countries and each concert was released as",
"psg_id": "20133331"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "of the largest audiences ever for a televised opera. He won many Grammy awards and platinum and gold discs for his performances. In addition to the previously listed titles, his \"La favorite\" with Fiorenza Cossotto and his \"I puritani\" (1975) with Sutherland stand out. In 1976, Pavarotti debuted at the Salzburg Festival, appearing in a solo recital on 31 July, accompanied by pianist Leone Magiera. Pavarotti returned to the festival in 1978 with a recital and as the Italian singer in \"Der Rosenkavalier\" in 1983 with \"Idomeneo,\" and both in 1985 and 1988 with solo recitals. In 1979, he was",
"psg_id": "1754143"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "room from a farmer in the neighbouring countryside, where the young Pavarotti developed an interest in farming. After abandoning the dream of becoming a football goalkeeper, Pavarotti spent seven years in vocal training. Pavarotti's earliest musical influences were his father's recordings, most of them featuring the popular tenors of the day – Beniamino Gigli, Giovanni Martinelli, Tito Schipa, and Enrico Caruso. Pavarotti's favourite tenor and idol was Giuseppe Di Stefano and he was also deeply influenced by Mario Lanza, saying: \"In my teens I used to go to Mario Lanza movies and then come home and imitate him in the",
"psg_id": "1754132"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "and Giuliana. On 13 December 2003, he married his former personal assistant, Nicoletta Mantovani (born 1969), with whom he already had another daughter, Alice. Alice's twin brother, Riccardo, was stillborn after complications in January 2003. At the time of his death, he had one granddaughter. Pavarotti long claimed Monte Carlo in the tax haven of Monaco as his official residence, but an Italian court in 1999 rejected that claim by ruling that his Monaco address could not accommodate his entire family. In 2000 Pavarotti agreed to pay the Italian government more than $7.6 million in back taxes and penalties as",
"psg_id": "1754167"
},
{
"title": "Centro Educativo Pavarotti",
"text": "between the Nobel Peace Prize recipient and promoter of indigenous rights, Rigoberta Menchú Tum and Luciano Pavarotti they started a collaboration. Rigoberta Menchú Tum came up with the idea of a school and she got commissioned the organisation and construction of the school, which started in 2000. The education institute started in 2003. The Luciano Pavarotti Foundation transferred the building and the administration of the school to the Rigoberta Menchú Tum Foundation, a long with an agreement to finance it until 2005. After 2005 the school had to be self-sufficient, which led to the fact that the school is running",
"psg_id": "16426464"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "well known for his televised concerts and media appearances. From the beginning of his professional career as a tenor in 1961 in Italy to his final performance of \"Nessun dorma\" at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Pavarotti was at his best in bel canto operas, pre-\"Aida\" Verdi roles, and Puccini works such as \"La bohème\", \"Tosca\", and \"Madama Butterfly\". He sold over 100 million records, and the first Three Tenors recording became the best-selling classical album of all time. Pavarotti was also noted for his charity work on behalf of refugees and the Red Cross, amongst others. He died",
"psg_id": "1754130"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "them with the Metropolitan Opera, and most available on DVD. Pavarotti annually hosted the Pavarotti & Friends charity concerts in his home town of Modena Italy, joining with singers from all parts of the music industry, including B.B. King, Andrea Bocelli, Zucchero, Jon Bon Jovi, Bryan Adams, Bono, James Brown, Mariah Carey, Eric Clapton, Sheryl Crow, Céline Dion, Anastacia, Elton John, Deep Purple, Meat Loaf, Queen, George Michael, Tracy Chapman, the Spice Girls, Sting and Barry White to raise money for several UN causes. Concerts were held for War Child, and victims of war and civil unrest in Bosnia, Guatemala,",
"psg_id": "1754159"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "St Cecilia's Gramophone Society and his Royal Opera House debut, where he replaced an indisposed Giuseppe Di Stefano as Rodolfo. While generally successful, Pavarotti's early roles did not immediately propel him into the stardom that he would later enjoy. An early coup involved his connection with Joan Sutherland (and her conductor husband, Richard Bonynge), who in 1963 had sought a young tenor taller than herself to take along on her tour to Australia. With his commanding physical presence, Pavarotti proved ideal. The two sang some forty performances over two months, and Pavarotti later credited Sutherland for the breathing technique that",
"psg_id": "1754138"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "profiled in a cover story in the weekly magazine \"Time\". That same year saw Pavarotti's return to the Vienna State Opera after an absence of fourteen years. With Herbert von Karajan conducting, Pavarotti sang Manrico in \"Il trovatore.\" In 1978, he appeared in a solo recital on \"Live from Lincoln Center.\" At the beginning of the 1980s, he set up The Pavarotti International Voice Competition for young singers, performing with the winners in 1982 in excerpts of \"La bohème\" and \"L'elisir d'amore\". The second competition, in 1986, staged excerpts of \"La bohème\" and \"Un ballo in maschera\". To celebrate the",
"psg_id": "1754144"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "to achieve\"\". Pavarotti began his career as a tenor in smaller regional Italian opera houses, making his debut as Rodolfo in \"La bohème\" at the Teatro Municipale in Reggio Emilia in April 1961. He made his first international appearance in \"La traviata\" in Belgrade, Yugoslavia. Very early in his career, on 23 February 1963, he debuted at the Vienna State Opera in the same role. In March and April 1963 Vienna saw Pavarotti again as Rodolfo and as Duca di Mantova in \"Rigoletto\". The same year saw his first concert outside Italy when he sang in Dundalk, Ireland for the",
"psg_id": "1754137"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "father gave his consent only reluctantly. Pavarotti began the serious study of music in 1954 at the age of 19 with Arrigo Pola, a respected teacher and professional tenor in Modena who offered to teach him without remuneration. According to conductor Richard Bonynge, Pavarotti never learned to read music. In 1955, he experienced his first singing success when he was a member of the Corale Rossini, a male voice choir from Modena that also included his father, which won first prize at the International Eisteddfod in Llangollen, Wales. He later said that this was the most important experience of his",
"psg_id": "1754134"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "Meatloaf Meatloaf is a dish of ground meat mixed with other ingredients and formed into a loaf shape, then baked or smoked. The shape is created by either cooking it in a loaf pan, or forming it by hand on a flat pan. Meatloaf is usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry and seafood are also used. Meatloaf of minced meat was mentioned in the Roman cookery collection \"Apicius\" as early as the 5th century. Meatloaf is a traditional German, Scandinavian and Belgian dish, and it is a cousin to the Dutch meatball. American meatloaf has",
"psg_id": "2317204"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "of tomato ketchup and mustard may also be used. American meatloaf may be topped with plain ketchup or a \"meatloaf sauce\" consisting of ketchup and brown sugar mixed. Another variety of meatloaf is prepared by \"frosting\" it with mashed potatoes, drizzling it with a small amount of butter, and browning in the oven. Meatloaf is normally served warm as part of the main course, but can also be found sliced as a cold cut. Meatloaf can be considered a typical comfort food and is served in many diners and restaurants. In a 2007 poll by \"Good Housekeeping\", meatloaf was the",
"psg_id": "2317217"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Liberia",
"text": "Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Liberia Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Liberia is a compilation album by Luciano Pavarotti, with each track featuring a different artist. In June 1998, Pavarotti hosted a benefit concert in his home town of Modena, Italy, as part of the Pavarotti & Friends concert series. This concert was in support of the War Child charity, specifically to benefit the orphans of war-torn Liberia. The concert was directed by Spike Lee and featured performances by various musical acts including Pavarotti, Stevie Wonder, Celine Dion, Jon Bon Jovi, Spice Girls, Trisha Yearwood, Eros",
"psg_id": "17366394"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "seventh-favorite dish of Americans. The Vietnamese meatloaf version is called \"giò\". It is boiled rather than baked or smoked. There are many versions of \"giò\" that differ by the ingredients used. Meatloaf Meatloaf is a dish of ground meat mixed with other ingredients and formed into a loaf shape, then baked or smoked. The shape is created by either cooking it in a loaf pan, or forming it by hand on a flat pan. Meatloaf is usually made from ground beef, although lamb, pork, veal, venison, poultry and seafood are also used. Meatloaf of minced meat was mentioned in the",
"psg_id": "2317218"
},
{
"title": "Stoney & Meatloaf (band)",
"text": "Stoney & Meatloaf (band) Stoney & Meatloaf is a duet of singer Meat Loaf and Stoney (Shaun Murphy). They released one self-titled album in 1971. Meat Loaf and Murphy had met previously in the Detroit music scene, and then performed with the Detroit cast of \"Hair\". Meat Loaf, whose name was styled \"Meatloaf\" on the album, had a minor hit \"What You See Is What You Get\". The duo disbanded when the record company cut out their vocals to \"Who Is the Leader of the People?\" and replaced them with Edwin Starr's vocals instead. Meat Loaf was then released from",
"psg_id": "8953615"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Liberia",
"text": "Ramazzotti and The Corrs. The concert was broadcast in various countries and also released as a compilation album and DVD. Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Liberia Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Liberia is a compilation album by Luciano Pavarotti, with each track featuring a different artist. In June 1998, Pavarotti hosted a benefit concert in his home town of Modena, Italy, as part of the Pavarotti & Friends concert series. This concert was in support of the War Child charity, specifically to benefit the orphans of war-torn Liberia. The concert was directed by Spike Lee and",
"psg_id": "17366395"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Bosnia",
"text": "Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Bosnia Between 1992 and 2003 Luciano Pavarotti hosted 10 concerts at Parco Novi Sad in Modena, Italy. These events were known as Pavarotti & Friends and were in support of humanitarian causes. For the most part Pavarotti invited non opera singers to sing with him which resulted in a very innovative and well received collaboration between Pavarotti and popular popstars. Pavarotti donated the proceeds from some of these concerts to Afghan, Angolan and Iraqi refugees. In 1995 the concert was for the children of Bosnia affected by the war. The event featured artists",
"psg_id": "19772366"
},
{
"title": "Carreras Domingo Pavarotti in Concert",
"text": "Carreras Domingo Pavarotti in Concert Carreras Domingo Pavarotti in Concert (re-released as The Three Tenors in Concert) is a live album by José Carreras, Plácido Domingo and Luciano Pavarotti with conductor Zubin Mehta. The album was recorded on July 7, 1990 in Rome as the first Three Tenors concert with the orchestra of the Maggio Musicale Fiorentino and the orchestra of Teatro dell'Opera di Roma on the evening before the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final. The recording, released on the Decca Classics label, won the Grammy Award for Best Classical Vocal Performance in 1991 at the 33rd Grammy Awards. It",
"psg_id": "15074386"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "Belgian version of meatloaf is called \"vleesbrood\" (meatbread) in Dutch and \"pain de viande\" in French. It is usually served warm and can then be served with various sauces, but can also be eaten cold with a loaf of bread. \"Rulo Stefani\" (). The Bulgarian \"rulo Stefani\" meatloaf is similar to the Hungarian \"Stefánia\" meatloaf, with hard-boiled eggs in the middle. Chilean meatloaf, known as \"Asado Aleman\" (German roasted meat) is a staple of southern Chile cuisine, especially in areas known for having been influenced by the arrival of German settlers during the 18th and 19th century. The most common",
"psg_id": "2317206"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "brown sauce. In Germany, meatloaf is referred to as \"Hackbraten\", \"Faschierter Braten\" or \"Falscher Hase\" 'mock hare'. In some regions it often has boiled eggs inside. In Greece, meatloaf is referred to as \"rolo\" (Ρολό) and it is usually filled with hard boiled eggs, although several other variations exist. Stefania meatloaf () or Stefania slices are a type of Hungarian long meatloaf baked in a loaf pan, with 3 hard boiled eggs in the middle, making decorative white and yellow rings in the middle of the slices. In Italy, meatloaf is called \"polpettone\" and can be filled with eggs, ham",
"psg_id": "2317209"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Bosnia",
"text": "such as U2 and Meat Loaf and was attended by Diana, Princess of Wales. Bono and Edge played the live debut of Miss Sarajevo. Proceeds from this concert were used to help build the Pavarotti Music Center in Mostar. Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Bosnia Between 1992 and 2003 Luciano Pavarotti hosted 10 concerts at Parco Novi Sad in Modena, Italy. These events were known as Pavarotti & Friends and were in support of humanitarian causes. For the most part Pavarotti invited non opera singers to sing with him which resulted in a very innovative and well received",
"psg_id": "19772367"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "Other honours he received include the \"\"Freedom of London Award\"\" and The Red Cross \"\"Award for Services to Humanity\"\", for his work in raising money for that organization, and the 1998 \"\"MusiCares Person of the Year\"\", given to humanitarian heroes by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. He was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity. While proceeding with an international \"farewell tour\", Pavarotti was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in July 2006. The tenor fought back against the implications of this diagnosis, undergoing major abdominal surgery and making plans for the resumption and conclusion",
"psg_id": "1754164"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "of BBC's coverage of the 1990 FIFA World Cup in Italy. The aria achieved pop status, became the World Cup soundtrack, and it remained his trademark song. This was followed by the first Three Tenors concert, held on the eve of the 1990 FIFA World Cup Final at the ancient Baths of Caracalla in Rome with fellow tenors Plácido Domingo and José Carreras and conductor Zubin Mehta. The performance for the World Cup closing concert captivated a global audience, and it became the biggest selling classical record of all time. A highlight of the concert, in which Pavarotti hammed up",
"psg_id": "1754148"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "a result of tax evasion charges that dated from 1989 to 1995. Pavarotti was subsequently acquitted by an Italian court of filing false tax returns in 2001. His first will was opened the day after his death; a second will, within the same month of September. He left an estate outside his native Modena, a villa in Pesaro, his flat in Monte Carlo, and three flats in New York City. Pavarotti's widow's lawyers, Giorgio Bernini and Anna Maria Bernini, and manager Terri Robson announced on 30 June 2008 that his family amicably settled his estate—300 million euros ($474.2 million, including",
"psg_id": "1754168"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "house's 15-year relationship with the tenor. Over an eight-year period, Pavarotti had cancelled 26 out of 41 scheduled appearances at the Lyric, and the decisive move by Krainik to ban him for life was well noted throughout the opera world, after the performer walked away from a season premiere less than two weeks before rehearsals began, saying pain from a sciatic nerve required two months of treatment. On 12 December 1998, he became the first (and, to date, only) opera singer to perform on \"Saturday Night Live\", singing alongside Vanessa L. Williams. He also sang with U2 in the band's",
"psg_id": "1754152"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "a famous portion of di Capua's \"O Sole Mio\" and was mimicked by Domingo and Carreras to the delight of the audience, became one of the most memorable moments in contemporary operatic history. Throughout the 1990s, Pavarotti appeared in many well-attended outdoor concerts, including his televised concert in London's Hyde Park, which drew a record attendance of 150,000. In June 1993, more than 500,000 listeners gathered for his free performance on the Great Lawn of New York's Central Park, while millions more around the world watched on television. The following September, in the shadow of the Eiffel Tower in Paris,",
"psg_id": "1754149"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "\"köttfärslimpa\" and is usually made from a mixture of ground pork and beef. It is served with boiled or mashed potatoes, brown sauce and lingonberry jam. In the Turkish cuisine there is a meatloaf with vegetables dish called \"dalyan köfte\". In the UK there are regional pork meatloaf dishes known as Haslet, which can be eaten cold or hot. During the Great Depression, cooking meatloaf was a way to stretch the food budget for families by using an inexpensive type of meat and other ingredients as leftovers. Along with spices, it was popular to add cereal grains, bread or saltines",
"psg_id": "2317215"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "he sang for an estimated crowd of 300,000. Following on from the original 1990 concert, the Three Tenors concerts were held during the three subsequent FIFA World Cup Finals, in 1994 in Los Angeles, 1998 in Paris, and 2002 in Yokohama. In September 1995, Pavarotti performed Ave Maria along with Dolores O'Riordan; Diana, Princess of Wales, who attended the live performance, told O'Riordan that the song brought her to tears. In 1995, Pavarotti's friends, the singer Lara Saint Paul (as Lara Cariaggi) and her husband showman Pier Quinto Cariaggi, who had produced and organised Pavarotti's 1990 FIFA World Cup Celebration",
"psg_id": "1754150"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "– first as an elementary school teacher and then as an insurance salesman. The first six years of study resulted in only a few recitals, all in small towns and without pay. When a nodule developed on his vocal cords, causing a \"\"disastrous\"\" concert in Ferrara, he decided to give up singing. Pavarotti attributed his immediate improvement to the psychological release connected with this decision. Whatever the reason, the nodule not only disappeared but, as he related in his autobiography: \"\"Everything I had learned came together with my natural voice to make the sound I had been struggling so hard",
"psg_id": "1754136"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "raised money for the elimination of land mines worldwide. He was invited to sing at her funeral service, but declined to sing, as he felt he could not sing well \"\"with his grief in his throat\"\". Nonetheless, he attended the service. In 1998, he was appointed the United Nations Messenger of Peace, using his fame to raise awareness of UN issues, including the Millennium Development Goals, HIV/AIDS, child rights, urban slums and poverty. In 1999, Pavarotti performed a charity benefit concert in Beirut, to mark Lebanon's reemergence on the world stage after a brutal 15 year civil war. The largest",
"psg_id": "1754161"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "effortless high Cs in the signature aria. He achieved a record seventeen curtain calls. Pavarotti sang his international recital début at William Jewell College in Liberty, Missouri, on 1 February 1973, as part of the college's Fine Arts Program, now known as the Harriman-Jewell Series. Perspiring due to nerves and a lingering cold, the tenor clutched a handkerchief throughout the début. The prop became a signature part of his solo performances. He began to give frequent television performances, starting with his performances as Rodolfo (\"La bohème\") in the first Live from the Met telecast in March 1977, which attracted one",
"psg_id": "1754142"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "is then wrapped in aluminum foil (historically, banana leaves) and steamed for an hour. The cooked \"embutido\" may be stored in freezers. It is usually served fried and sliced for breakfast. \"Embutido\" is sometimes confused with \"morcón\" (also not to be confused with Spanish \"morcón\"), due to their similarity in appearance. However \"morcón\" is a beef roulade, not a meatloaf. Called \"pieczeń rzymska\" (\"Roman roast\") or \"klops\" is made of ground pork and/or beef, onions and garlic, with obligatory hard boiled egg inside. In Puerto Rican cuisine, meatloaf is known as \"albondigón\". Puerto Rican style meatloaf is made with ground",
"psg_id": "2317212"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "and has a small size. хучмал (khoochmal) is served with mashed potatoes cooked over the ground meat. The Dutch version of meatloaf is called \"gehaktbrood\" and can be eaten warm or cold. A mini-version of meatloaf called \"slavink\" is also served in the Netherlands. \"Embutido\" (not to be confused with the Spanish \"embutido\") is made of well-seasoned ground pork, raisins, minced carrots, sausages, and whole boiled eggs. The meat is molded into a roll with the sausages and hard boiled eggs set in the middle. Another variation of the dish involves wrapping the meatloaf with pork crow or mesentery. It",
"psg_id": "2317211"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "pork, beef, turkey, adobo, worcestershire sauce, milk, ketchup, potatoes, red beans, breadcrumb, parsley, with a hard-boiled egg in the middle. In Romanian cuisine, there is a meatloaf dish called \"drob\", similar to other minced meat dishes in the region like the Bulgarian \"Rulo Stefani\" or the Hungarian \"Stefánia\" meatloaf, the major difference being that it is always made with lamb organs (or a mixture of lamb organs and pork or veal) and the hard boiled eggs in the centre of the \"drob\" are optional. One of South Africa's most popular dishes is a form of meatloaf called bobotie. Food in",
"psg_id": "2317213"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "to the meatloaf to stretch the meat. This tradition of additions lives on with the goal of producing a lower-fat dish with superior binding and consistency. American meatloaf is typically eaten with some kind of sauce or relish. Many recipes call for a pasta sauce or tomato sauce to be poured over the loaf to form a crust during baking. The tomato-based sauce may be replaced with simple brown gravy or onion gravy, or a can of cream of mushroom soup may be substituted, but the meatloaf is prepared in a similar manner. Barbecue sauce, tomato ketchup, or a mixture",
"psg_id": "2317216"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "South Africa varies by region, and bobotie is considered a Cape Town or Western Cape dish, but is so popular throughout the country that it is sometimes considered one of South Africa's signature dishes. It is a slightly sweet meatloaf flavored with curry spices, dried apricots and almonds, and is topped with whipped egg and milk topping which when baked on top of the meat filling creates an egg \"topping\". It arrived in South Africa several hundred years ago from the East Indies and became one of the signature dishes of Cape Town's Cape Malay community. Swedish meatloaf is called",
"psg_id": "2317214"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "its origins in scrapple, a mixture of ground pork and cornmeal served by German-Americans in Pennsylvania since colonial times. Meatloaf in the contemporary American sense did not appear in cookbooks until the late 19th century. In Argentina it is usually called \"Pan de carne\". It is typically filled with ham, cheese, carrots or some other vegetable. The Austrian meatloaf version is called \"Faschierter Braten\". Most of the time it is not filled (e.g., in Germany), but it is wrapped in ham before baking it. Often it is served with mashed potatoes (when warm) or with sauce cumberland (when cold). The",
"psg_id": "2317205"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "hard boiled eggs, gherkins, or wienerwurst inside. Danish meatloaf is called \"forloren hare\" 'mock hare' or \"farsbrød\" 'ground-meat bread' and is usually made from a mixture of ground pork and beef with strips of bacon or cubed bacon on top. It is served with boiled or mashed potatoes and brown sauce sweetened with red currant jelly. Finnish meatloaf is called \"lihamureke\". It is completely based on the basic meatball recipe. The only spices used are salt and pepper. It is not customary to stuff \"lihamureke\" with anything. The usual side dish is mashed potatoes, and \"lihamureke\" is usually served with",
"psg_id": "2317208"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "recipe nowadays consists of ground beef, carrots, sausages, boiled eggs and breadcrumbs, cooked on the oven and normally served with a side-dish of mashed potatoes or rice. The Cuban meatloaf is called \"pulpeta\". It is made with ground beef and ground ham, and stuffed with hard boiled eggs, and it is cooked on the stovetop. The dish was brought to public attention, mistakenly referred to as a sausage, in the second episode of the third season of \"The Cosby Show\" entitled \"Food for Thought\". In the Czech Republic, meatloaf is referred to as \"sekaná\" ('chopped'). It is optional to put",
"psg_id": "2317207"
},
{
"title": "Centro Educativo Pavarotti",
"text": "The center serves approximately 150 Guatemalan children with 10 professors educating them. The majority of children attending this school live in poor circumstances, so that they receive financial support in order to attend this school. Without these benefits they would probably work on fields, like many of their parents do. In 1999 the Italian operatic tenor Luciano Pavarotti hosted a charity concert, which goal it was to collect funds in order to found an institution that would provide education for the indigenous Maya children in Guatemala, mostly victims of the passed civil war in their country. Due to the friendship",
"psg_id": "16426463"
},
{
"title": "Ivan Gundulić",
"text": "Ivan Rendić was unveiled on 25 July 1893 in Dubrovnik's largest square, Poljana. In September 1995 Luciano Pavarotti, who organized a grand charity concert almost every year in his hometown of Modena, Italy, held a concert on behalf of the children of Bosnia & Herzegovina, particularly the War Child foundation and its efforts in Mostar. That night started late and went well into the next day in presence of Italian TV cameras and surrounded by thousands. Many musicians and celebrities were involved in the show including Princess Diana, Brian Eno, Michael Bolton, Meatloaf, Zucchero, Nenad Bach, The Edge, and Bono,",
"psg_id": "2590713"
},
{
"title": "Stoney & Meatloaf",
"text": "Stoney & Meatloaf Stoney and Meatloaf is the little-known collaborative album of singer Meat Loaf and female vocalist Shaun Murphy, released in 1971 on the Motown subsidiary label Rare Earth. Meat Loaf and Murphy met while performing with the Detroit cast of \"Hair\". Producers: Ralph Terrana, Russ Terrana, Mike Valvano Arrangers: Tom Baird and David Van De Pitte The album was re-released several times with a different track listing under the title \"Featuring Stoney and Meat Loaf\". Firstly in 1978 and 1979 on the Prodigal label (PDL 2010) and again in 1986 on Tamla Motown (ZL 72217). The album contained",
"psg_id": "6866729"
},
{
"title": "Stoney & Meatloaf",
"text": "most (but not all) of the tracks on the original album. In addition to three new tracks, some songs appear in different versions and in some cases, different song titles. Stoney & Meatloaf Stoney and Meatloaf is the little-known collaborative album of singer Meat Loaf and female vocalist Shaun Murphy, released in 1971 on the Motown subsidiary label Rare Earth. Meat Loaf and Murphy met while performing with the Detroit cast of \"Hair\". Producers: Ralph Terrana, Russ Terrana, Mike Valvano Arrangers: Tom Baird and David Van De Pitte The album was re-released several times with a different track listing under",
"psg_id": "6866730"
},
{
"title": "Teatro Comunale Modena",
"text": "the October to April season for two performances each and the theatre is a member of the Association of the Theatres of Emilia Romagna, thus working cooperatively with opera houses in the region on shared productions. Following the September 2007 death of world famous opera tenor Luciano Pavarotti, a native of the town and a lifelong resident, the Mayor of Modena has announced that the theatre was to be renamed for the singer. Notes Sources Teatro Comunale Modena The Teatro Comunale di Modena (Community Theatre of Modena, but renamed in October 2007 as Teatro Comunale Luciano Pavarotti) is an opera",
"psg_id": "10816271"
},
{
"title": "Stoney & Meatloaf (band)",
"text": "as Jesus\" was released on a Gospel CD compilation, \"Key to the Kingdom\". (According to Meat Loaf on his \"\" live album, he auditioned for Jim Steinman with this song.) Both singles appear on CD as part of \"The Complete Motown Singles\" series, on volumes 11A: 1971 and 11B: 1971. Stoney & Meatloaf (band) Stoney & Meatloaf is a duet of singer Meat Loaf and Stoney (Shaun Murphy). They released one self-titled album in 1971. Meat Loaf and Murphy had met previously in the Detroit music scene, and then performed with the Detroit cast of \"Hair\". Meat Loaf, whose name",
"psg_id": "8953617"
},
{
"title": "Centro Educativo Pavarotti",
"text": "Centro Educativo Pavarotti Centro Educativo Pavarotti (Pavarotti Education Center, CEP) is a junior high school for children aged 12–16 located near Lake Atitlán in San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá Departement, Guatemala. The center is an initiative of the Rigoberta Menchú Foundation (specifically the Utizal Tijonikel Program), which is an institution accredited for its contributions to the defense of human rights especially of indigenous peoples which impels educational programs, citizen participation, community development and combating impunity. The Utzilal Tijonikel program, which translated from Kaqchikel into English means “teaching to do the good thing”, offers also education complemented by a basic work orientation.",
"psg_id": "16426462"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti Music Centre",
"text": "project of architect D. Knezic. Pavarotti Music Centre offers a variety of educational and creative activities for children and teens and it often employs elements of creative therapy. It also engages in a variety of art programs in Mostar and the region. The Center strives to revive art scene of local communities by organizing various lectures and seminars, providing space and equipment for non-profit organizations, institutions and individuals. It promotes development of relations and cooperation with other cultural, youth, educational and social organizations at the local level and internationally. Pavarotti Music Centre Pavarotti Music Centre (locally known as \"Pavarotti Centar\")",
"psg_id": "15728191"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends",
"text": "a compilation album and DVD under London Records/Decca Records. \"The Pavarotti & Friends Collection: The Complete Concerts, 1992-2000\", a DVD featuring the first eight concerts, was released in November 2002 under Decca. The first Pavarotti & Friends concert was held on 27 September 1992, featuring guest stars Sting, Bob Geldof, Brian May and Mike Oldfield. A compilation album and DVD was released under Decca Records. The compilation album sold 120,000 units in the US and around 1.5 million units worldwide. Pavarotti & Friends 2 took place on 13 September 1994, and featured guest performances by Bryan Adams, Andreas Vollenweider, Nancy",
"psg_id": "20133332"
},
{
"title": "Luciano da Rocha Neves",
"text": "officially loaned until the end of the year, as he is expected to sign a contract until June 2020 with the \"greens\" on 1 January 2018. On 20 September 2017, Luciano suffered a serious cruciate rupture injury during Greek Cup's clash against AEL in Leoforos. It is expected to return in action in March 2018. Luciano was called for the Brazil U23 team representing the country at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He was the tournament's top goalscorer with five goals in only four matches, and won a Bronze medal. Luciano da Rocha Neves Luciano da",
"psg_id": "17890062"
},
{
"title": "Meatloaf",
"text": "and cheese and other ingredients. In Ashkenazi Jewish cuisine, meatloaf is called \"Klops\" () and can be served cold or hot. It is sometimes filled with whole boiled eggs. The name presumably comes from German \"Klops\" 'meatball'. In Lebanon, \"kibbeh\" (ground beef or lamb mixed with burgul) can sometimes be formed in a loaf and baked. It is sometimes made from raw meat. \"Rolat\" is a similar dish to the chiefly Arab, though also Persian and South-Asian, kofta. Ground beef is rolled and cooked until brown. It can be cooked with vegetables and various sauces. It is known as \"albondigón\"",
"psg_id": "2317210"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Álvarez",
"text": "play with Yeovil Town F.C. in the fourth tier of English football. He scored his first and only goal for Yeovil against Chesterfield. Half way through the 2005-06 season Álvarez was released by Yeovil, he then found himself in Guatemala playing for Comunicaciones and he now plays for Coquimbo Unido in Chile. In 2007 Álvarez returned to Argentina to sign for Instituto de Córdoba of the Argentine 2nd division. In 2008 when Álvarez was on trial at Swedish club Degerfors IF, he injured his foot badly in a friendly-game against Ljungskile. Luciano Álvarez Luciano Álvarez (born 30 November 1978) is",
"psg_id": "9264013"
},
{
"title": "If the Smoke Don't Get You, the Meatloaf Will",
"text": "If the Smoke Don't Get You, the Meatloaf Will If The Smoke Don’t Get You, The Meatloaf Will is an art exhibit produced by Muistardeaux Collective (Thomas Borden, Eric Gibbons, Khyssup Muistardeaux), between June 29-July 5, 2008 at the Diego Rivera Gallery in San Francisco, California. This was Muistardeaux Collective's debut exhibit. It featured an arrow, a ninety pound meatloaf, a plexiglass smoking chamber, a 32’x8’ wood paneling painting, a video of Muistardeaux Collective chasing cows and smoking parliament cigarettes in a makeshift teepee, a 1972 Chevrolet C20 van (the “MSU - Mobile Smoking Unit”), a two-way surveillance camera system,",
"psg_id": "15673752"
},
{
"title": "Centro Educativo Pavarotti",
"text": "tourism program, to help the Centro to finance itself and to create better conditions for their students. They will learn about the Mayan calendar, Kaqchikel language, culture, rituals, and the Guatemalan Civil War. The aim is interculturalism and solidarity between people of different cultures. Volunteers can also visit local communities and traditional tourist sites such as Antigua and Iximche. Centro Educativo Pavarotti Centro Educativo Pavarotti (Pavarotti Education Center, CEP) is a junior high school for children aged 12–16 located near Lake Atitlán in San Lucas Tolimán, Sololá Departement, Guatemala. The center is an initiative of the Rigoberta Menchú Foundation (specifically",
"psg_id": "16426467"
},
{
"title": "Lucky Luciano",
"text": "January 3, 1946, as a presumed reward for his alleged wartime cooperation, Dewey reluctantly commuted Luciano's pandering sentence on condition that he did not resist deportation to Italy. Luciano accepted the deal, although he still maintained that he was a US citizen and not subject to deportation. On February 2, 1946, two federal immigration agents transported Luciano from Sing Sing prison to Ellis Island in New York Harbor for deportation proceedings. On February 9, the night before his departure, Luciano shared a spaghetti dinner on his freighter with Anastasia and five other guests. On February 10, Luciano's ship sailed from",
"psg_id": "1318295"
},
{
"title": "Adamorobe Sign Language",
"text": "indigenous sign language, fully independent from the country's standard Ghanaian Sign Language (which is related to American Sign Language). AdaSL is a shared sign language which differs from urban sign languages such as Ghanaian Sign Language because the majority of speakers of a shared sign language aren't actually deaf. National sign languages usually emerge for the purpose of use by deaf individuals such as those attending schools specifically for the deaf. This important feature of shared sign languages alters the way it is maintained, developed, and shared. A historical example of a shared signing community is the island Martha's Vineyard",
"psg_id": "4150619"
},
{
"title": "Michael Luciano",
"text": "composed the music. Luciano, Biroc, and De Vol became Aldrich's \"informal repertory company\" for the next two decades. In 1955 Luciano edited Aldrich's \"Kiss Me Deadly\", which is an important film noir that is now in the National Film Registry. Luciano edited almost all of Aldrich's films that followed \"Kiss Me Deadly\", including three in the following year. Aldrich enjoyed particular success with the 1962 film \"What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?\" and its offspring \"Hush...Hush, Sweet Charlotte\" (1964). The latter film won Luciano his first major recognition with a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Film Editing, which",
"psg_id": "17942899"
},
{
"title": "Andrea Bocelli",
"text": "one year as a court-appointed lawyer. In 1992, Italian rock star Zucchero held auditions for tenors to make a demo tape of his song \"Miserere\", to send to Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti. After hearing Bocelli on tape, Pavarotti urged Zucchero to use Bocelli instead of him. The demo tape was from Caterina Caselli, who had discovered Bocelli. Caselli is Bocelli's current manager and producer. Zucchero eventually persuaded Pavarotti to record the song with Bocelli, and it became a hit throughout Europe. In Zucchero's European concert tour in 1993, Bocelli accompanied him to sing the duet, and he was also given",
"psg_id": "2591465"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Serra, Pilot",
"text": "Luciano Serra, Pilot Luciano Serra, Pilot (Italian: Luciano Serra pilota) is a 1938 Italian war drama film directed by Goffredo Alessandrini and starring Amedeo Nazzari, Germana Paolieri and Roberto Villa. It was screened at the Venice Film Festival in August 1938, where it was awarded the Mussolini Cup for Best Italian Film. It was considered the defining film of Nazzari's career, establishing him as the leading male star in Italy. The film's assistant director Roberto Rossellini supervised the shooting of footage on location in North Africa. Rossellini made his own directorial debut three years later with \"The White Ship\", and",
"psg_id": "17953537"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Serra, Pilot",
"text": "went on to become a leading Italian filmmaker. Luciano Serra, Pilot Luciano Serra, Pilot (Italian: Luciano Serra pilota) is a 1938 Italian war drama film directed by Goffredo Alessandrini and starring Amedeo Nazzari, Germana Paolieri and Roberto Villa. It was screened at the Venice Film Festival in August 1938, where it was awarded the Mussolini Cup for Best Italian Film. It was considered the defining film of Nazzari's career, establishing him as the leading male star in Italy. The film's assistant director Roberto Rossellini supervised the shooting of footage on location in North Africa. Rossellini made his own directorial debut",
"psg_id": "17953538"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Becchio",
"text": "Luciano Becchio Luciano Héctor Becchio (born 28 December 1983) is an Argentine retired professional footballer who played as a striker. He is currently the assistant manager of Segunda División B – Group 3 side CD Atlético Baleares. Becchio began his career in Buenos Aires at Boca Juniors but moved to Europe aged 20 after failing to make the grade at \"Los Xeneizes\". Through his ancestry, Becchio was able to claim an Italian passport and subsequent citizenship of the European Union, allowing him to sign for Spanish club Mallorca B in 2003. He would go on to play for a variety",
"psg_id": "12236693"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Pavarotti",
"text": "mirror\". At around the age of nine he began singing with his father in a small local church choir. After what appears to have been a normal childhood with a typical interest in sports—in Pavarotti's case football above all, he graduated from the Scuola Magistrale and faced the dilemma of a career choice. He was interested in pursuing a career as a professional football goalkeeper, but his mother convinced him to train as a teacher. He subsequently taught in an elementary school for two years but finally allowed his interest in music to win out. Recognising the risk involved, his",
"psg_id": "1754133"
},
{
"title": "Massimo Carpegna",
"text": "opera students masterclass, published on DVDs) he also organised the tutorial with Mirella Freni, \"The Puccinian Heroines\" (1994), and for the twenty-fifth anniversary of Luciano Pavarotti in theatres he collaborated in the documentary \"Luciano Pavarotti and the Italian Tenor\" (1989), produced by the New York Center of Visual History and South Carolina Educational Television. In 1986 Carpegna conducted the Choir of the Conservatoire Vecchi Tonelli in a Christmas concert with Luciano Pavarotti at the Cathedral of Modena. Carpegna has worked as lecturer of Industrial Filming and Cinematography, Music Video Production Lab and Audio Video Editing at the University of Modena",
"psg_id": "20063730"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends",
"text": "was broadcast on BBC and PBS, and on syndication in the US, and also released as a compilation album and DVD. The Pavarotti & Friends for Guatemala and Kosovo concert was held on 1 June 1999, and raised $1 million for War Child programs to aid young refugees from Kosovo and Guatemala. The concert featured guest performances by Mariah Carey, Ricky Martin, B.B. King, Joe Cocker, Boyzone, Lionel Richie, Gianni Morandi, Renato Zero and Gloria Estefan. The concert was released as a compilation DVD and album. The Pavarotti & Friends for Cambodia and Tibet concert took place on 6 June",
"psg_id": "20133335"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends",
"text": "Gustafson, Giorgia and Andrea Bocelli. A compilation album and DVD was released under London Records (now Decca Records) and sold around 1 million copies worldwide. Pavarotti & Friends for the Children of Bosnia took place on 12 September 1995 in support of the War Child charity, specifically to benefit war-torn Bosnia. The concert featured guest performances by Bono, Meat Loaf, Simon Le Bon, Michael Bolton, The Edge, Brian Eno and Dolores O'Riordan. The concert was broadcast on PBS and a compilation album and DVD was released under London Records (now Decca Records). The Pavarotti & Friends for War Child concert",
"psg_id": "20133333"
},
{
"title": "No Matter What Sign You Are",
"text": "the group, session singers The Andantes appear on the recorded single as opposed to Supremes group members at the time, Mary Wilson and Cindy Birdsong. It was recorded in 1983 by Russell Grant and the Starlettes. It was sampled in 1989 by the Beastie Boys on \"Shake Your Rump\" from their acclaimed second album \"Paul's Boutique\". No Matter What Sign You Are \"No Matter What Sign You Are\" is a song released for Diana Ross & the Supremes by the Motown label. Originally intended to be Diana Ross & the Supremes' final single before the departure of Diana Ross and",
"psg_id": "13763728"
},
{
"title": "Pavarotti & Friends",
"text": "Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones and designer Donatella Versace. The concert raised $3.3 million for its cause. The Pavarotti & Friends for Angola benefit concert took place on 28 May 2002 to raise money for Angolan refugees through the UNHCR programme. Guest performers included Andrea Bocelli, James Brown, Elisa, Grace Jones, Gino Paoli, Sting and Lou Reed. The Pavarotti & Friends for SOS Iraq concert was held on 27 May 2003 to raise money for Iraqi refugees in Iran through the UNHCR programme. The concert featured guest performances by Bono, Queen, Eric Clapton, Deep Purple, Ricky Martin, Andrea Bocelli, Lionel",
"psg_id": "20133337"
},
{
"title": "No Matter What Sign You Are",
"text": "No Matter What Sign You Are \"No Matter What Sign You Are\" is a song released for Diana Ross & the Supremes by the Motown label. Originally intended to be Diana Ross & the Supremes' final single before the departure of Diana Ross and penned by Berry Gordy, the song failed to fulfil Gordy's expectations as the single did not reach the top 20 in either the US and UK, peaking at 31 and 37 respectively in July 1969. The song released as the third single from \"Let the Sunshine In\". As with most singles released under this billing of",
"psg_id": "13763727"
},
{
"title": "Luigi Luciano",
"text": "to the public for his innate humor, in 2010 he was contacted by Checco Zalone to share his new film, Che bella giornata (What a beautiful day), became smash hit in Italy. Since 2011 he is the speaker for Lo Zoo di 105. In 2017 hosts \"Prima Festival\", a pre-show related to Sanremo Music Festival. Luigi Luciano Luigi Luciano (born 7 March 1980, in Campobasso, Italy), better known as \"Herbert Ballerina\" is a radio host and actor, since January 2011, radio show co-host of the Lo Zoo di 105 broadcast by Radio 105 Network. The passion for cinema led him",
"psg_id": "16388567"
},
{
"title": "Froncysyllte Male Voice Choir",
"text": "remained closely associated with the Eisteddfod and is a regular competitor in the Male Voice Choir competition. In 1955 the choir hosted the Società Corale Gioachino Rossini from Modena, which won first prize at the Llangollen Eisteddfod under the baton of Fernando Pavarotti. This win inspired the conductor's son, Luciano Pavarotti, who sang in the choir, to take up a singing career. The Modena Choir was again hosted by the Froncysyllte Male Voice Choir during its visit, with Luciano Pavarotti, in 1995. After the loss of Lloyd Edwards in 1970, music teacher John Daniel conducted the choir for the next",
"psg_id": "9218652"
},
{
"title": "Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen",
"text": "filled in last minute for Luciano Pavarotti. The album peaked at #54 on the \"\"Billboard\" 200\" album chart and reached number seven on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, her first to reach the top ten since 1998. The disc's first and only single, \"Put You Up on Game\", featuring Fantasia was released to radio on October 1, 2007. The single peaked at number 41 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs but missed the Pop chart. This release had moved 127,200 copies as of December, 2017 - according to Nielsen SoundScan. Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen Jewels",
"psg_id": "10899898"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Bacheta",
"text": "the rounds in Hungary with budgetary problems. He has returned to the series in 2010, with the new Interwetten Junior Team, finishing as vice-champion. He was also awarded BRDC Rising Star status and nominated for the McLaren Autosport BRDC Award. As Bacheta was a guest driver, he was ineligible to score points. Luciano Bacheta Akshay Luciano Bacheta (born 26 April 1990 in Romford, England) is a professional British racecar driver, born to Indian parents and with Italian ancestry. Bacheta started karting at the age of fourteen in 2004 and stepped up to cars in 2005, racing in the Junior Ginetta",
"psg_id": "9661627"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Lutring",
"text": "and paint, even exchanging letters with Sandro Pertini, then Italian President of the Chamber of Deputies. Later, in what is the only recorded case in history, he was pardoned by two presidents, Georges Pompidou of France and Italy's Giovanni Leone. In 1966, Carlo Lizzani directed a film based on his story, \"Wake Up and Die\", with Robert Hoffmann and Gian Maria Volontè. Luciano Lutring Luciano Lutring (30 December 1937 – 13 May 2013) was an Italian criminal, author and painter, known as \"the submachine gun soloist\" (\"il solista del mitra\"), because he kept the weapon in a violin case. Born",
"psg_id": "17289457"
},
{
"title": "Zucchero Fornaciari",
"text": "the regular cast of the charity concerts organized by Luciano Pavarotti, where also performed along Pavarotti and B.B. King, for the children in Bosnia, Liberia, Guatemala, Kosovo, Cambodia, Tibet, Angola and Iraq. In 1992 Fornaciari released the million selling album \"Miserere\". Again produced by Corrado Rustici, it was a much darker album than Fornaciari's previous works, which was made clear by the title track \"Miserere\" (Have Mercy), a duet with Luciano Pavarotti. The \"darkness\" reflects his intimate personal life from the time when lived in solitude and depression after the divorce. Elvis Costello co-wrote the track \"Miss Mary\", U2's Bono",
"psg_id": "4197082"
},
{
"title": "Harriman-Jewell Series",
"text": "the development of resident music, dance and theater companies,” the Kansas City Star wrote of the Harriman-Jewell Series. “What Harriman has done...has multiplied in countless, wonderful ways.” Harriman-Jewell Series The Harriman-Jewell Series (originally known as the \"William Jewell College Fine Arts Program\"), is a performing arts presentation organization founded in 1965, and based in Kansas City, Missouri. Originally known as the \"William Jewell College Fine Arts Program\", it hosted Luciano Pavarotti's international recital debut on February 1, 1973. Held in William Jewell College’s John Gano Memorial Chapel, Pavarotti was perspiring due to nerves and a lingering cold. The tenor clutched",
"psg_id": "12257119"
},
{
"title": "Yes, Giorgio",
"text": "$2,279,543 in the United States. \"Yes, Giorgio\" opened to negative reviews and is considered Schaffner's weakest film. Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert selected the film as one of the worst of the year in a 1982 episode of \"At the Movies\". Janet Maslin of \"The New York Times\" wrote in her review: \"LUCIANO PAVAROTTI has a food fight, rides in a balloon and sings \"I Left My Heart in San Francisco\" in \"Yes, Giorgio,\" a movie that means to be as broad and hearty as its star. These and other antics are the film's attempt to paint Mr. Pavarotti as",
"psg_id": "6451357"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Mark Brown",
"text": "same year (1992) that he won the Opera Company of Philadelphia/Luciano Pavarotti Competition. This brought him to national prominence in the United States as he was named 1993 Debut Artist of the Year. He has also won the Altamura/Enrico Caruso International Voice Competition. Brown has taken on roles including: Stephen Mark Brown Stephen Mark Brown is an American opera tenor. He has sung with Luciano Pavarotti on the television program \"Pavarotti Plus,\" and has sung at La Scala. Brown is \"emerging as one of today's leading tenors in the French and Italian repertories\". Brown was born in Lansing, Michigan and",
"psg_id": "8372537"
},
{
"title": "Lucky Luciano",
"text": "Italian associates to high-level positions in what was now the Luciano crime family. Genovese became underboss and Costello \"consigliere\". Adonis, Michael \"Trigger Mike\" Coppola, Anthony Strollo, Willie Moretti and Anthony Carfano all served as \"caporegimes\". Because Lansky and Siegel were non-Italians, neither man could hold official positions within any Mafia family. However, Lansky was a top advisor to Luciano and Siegel a trusted associate. Luciano set up the Commission to serve as the governing body for organized crime. Designed to settle all disputes and decide which families controlled which territories, the Commission has been called Luciano's greatest innovation. Luciano's goals",
"psg_id": "1318281"
},
{
"title": "Luciano Siqueira de Oliveira",
"text": "off due to the fact he was banned from football due to passport controversy. He returned to football using his real name Luciano. On 26 January 2003, he played his first league match of the season, against Perugia as a starter, but Chievo lost 0–1. In April 2003, FIGC ordered Chievo to pay Bologna €6.22 million that owed Bologna in June 2002. Chievo finished seventh in the 2002–03 Serie A season. In July 2003, Luciano went to Internazionale on loan with option to sign permanently. Italian winger Franco Semioli, who bought by Inter from Torino, joined Chievo in co-ownership deal",
"psg_id": "8250931"
}
] | [
"libra (disambiguation)",
"librae",
"libra",
"libra (album)",
"libras (disambiguation)"
] |
where was pablo casals buried before he was finally laid to rest in spain? | [
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "Stern, Casals arrived at Jerusalem to conduct the youth orchestra and the Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra. The concert he conducted with the youth orchestra at the Jerusalem Khan Theater was the last concert he conducted in his life. Casals' memoirs were taken down by Albert E. Kahn, and published as \"Joys and Sorrows: Pablo Casals, His Own Story\" (1970). Casals died in 1973 at Auxilio Mutuo Hospital in San Juan, Puerto Rico, at the age of 96, from complications of a heart attack he had three weeks earlier. He was buried at the Puerto Rico National Cemetery. He did not live",
"psg_id": "595063"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Pablo Casals Festival",
"text": "Pablo Casals Festival The Pablo Casals Festival is a music festival created by the cellist and conductor Pablo Casals in 1950. Before the Second World War, Prades became the adopted village of Pablo Casals who no longer wanted to live in Spain after the 1936–1939 civil war won by the Francoists, while remaining in Catalonia; from then on, he refused to perform in public in protest. Following the Second World War and this long period of silence, he was solicited by music lovers all over the world. He was asked to play again in concert and in particular in 1950",
"psg_id": "20787580"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals Festival",
"text": "composer Thorsten Encke for his \"String Quartet\" (2004). The second edition took place on 14 April 2007 and the prize, with a 15,000 euros reward, was awarded to Hee Yun Kim for \"Mémoire de Dong-Hak\", quintet for flute, clarinet, violin, cello and piano. Pablo Casals Festival The Pablo Casals Festival is a music festival created by the cellist and conductor Pablo Casals in 1950. Before the Second World War, Prades became the adopted village of Pablo Casals who no longer wanted to live in Spain after the 1936–1939 civil war won by the Francoists, while remaining in Catalonia; from then",
"psg_id": "20787583"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "frequently performed today. In Pau Larraín's 2016 film \"Jackie\", Casals is played by Roland Pidoux. Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: ; 29 December 187622 October 1973), usually known in English as Pablo Casals, was a cellist, composer, and conductor from Catalonia, Spain. He is generally regarded as the pre-eminent cellist of the first half of the 20th century, and one of the greatest cellists of all time. He made many recordings throughout his career, of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, also as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings of the Bach Cello Suites he",
"psg_id": "595068"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "Pablo Casals Pau Casals i Defilló (Catalan: ; 29 December 187622 October 1973), usually known in English as Pablo Casals, was a cellist, composer, and conductor from Catalonia, Spain. He is generally regarded as the pre-eminent cellist of the first half of the 20th century, and one of the greatest cellists of all time. He made many recordings throughout his career, of solo, chamber, and orchestral music, also as conductor, but he is perhaps best remembered for the recordings of the Bach Cello Suites he made from 1936 to 1939. He was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963",
"psg_id": "595047"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "by President John F. Kennedy (though the ceremony was presided over by Lyndon B. Johnson). Casals was born in El Vendrell, Catalonia, Spain. His father, Carles Casals i Ribes (1852–1908), was a parish organist and choirmaster. He gave Casals instruction in piano, songwriting, violin, and organ. He was also a very strict disciplinarian. When Casals was young his father would pull the piano out from the wall and have him and his brother, Artur, stand behind it and name the notes and the scales that his father was playing. At the age of four Casals could play the violin, piano",
"psg_id": "595048"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "to see the end of the Francoist State, which occurred two years later, but he was posthumously honoured by the Spanish government under King Juan Carlos I which in 1976 issued a commemorative postage stamp depicting Casals, in honour of the centenary of his birth. In 1979 his remains were interred in his hometown of El Vendrell, Catalonia. In 1989, Casals was posthumously awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. The southern part of the highway C-32 in Catalonia, Spain, is named Autopista de Pau Casals. The International Pau Casals Cello Competition is held in Kronberg and Frankfurt am Main, Germany,",
"psg_id": "595064"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "ceased its activities. Casals was an ardent supporter of the Spanish Republican government, and after its defeat vowed not to return to Spain until democracy was restored. Casals performed at the Gran Teatre del Liceu on 19 October 1938, possibly his last performance in Catalonia during his exile. In the last weeks of 1936, already settled in the French Catalan village of Prada de Conflent, near the Spanish border; between 1939 and 1942 he made sporadic appearances as a cellist in the unoccupied zone of southern France and in Switzerland. He was mocked by the Francoist press in Spain, which",
"psg_id": "595056"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals Festival",
"text": "for the bicentenary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach: in front of his repeated refusal, his friends, and particularly the violinist Alexander Schneider, offered him to come and play at his house in Prades; Pablo Casals accepted. The greatest performers of his time could be found there: (Clara Haskil, Mieczysław Horszowski, Isaac Stern, Marcel Tabuteau, Joseph Szigeti, Rudolf Serkin, Paul Tortelier, etc.) which made it a place of musical fervour Thus was born the \"Festival de Prades\" which has continued since that date, seeing the greatest chamber music performers in the world. Pablo Casals still participated at the age",
"psg_id": "20787581"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "Music Award in 1973. One of his last compositions was the \"Hymn of the United Nations\". He conducted its first performance in a special concert at the United Nations on 24 October 1971, two months before his 95th birthday. On that day, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, U Thant, awarded Casals the U.N. Peace Medal in recognition of his stance for peace, justice and freedom. Casals accepted the medal and made his famous \"I Am a Catalan\" speech, where he stated that Catalonia had the first democratic parliament, long before England did. In 1973, invited by his friend Isaac",
"psg_id": "595062"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "under the auspices of the Kronberg Academy once every four years, starting in 2000, to discover and further the careers of the future cello elite, and is supported by the Pau Casals Foundation, under the patronage of Marta Casals Istomin. One of the prizes is the use of one of the Gofriller cellos owned by Casals. The first top prize was awarded in 2000 to Claudio Bohórquez. Australian radio broadcaster and social commentator Phillip Adams often fondly recalls Casals’ 80th birthday press conference where, after complaining at length about the troubles of the world, he paused to conclude with the",
"psg_id": "595065"
},
{
"title": "Enric Casals",
"text": "Enric Casals Enric Casals i Defilló (Barcelona, July 26, 1892 - July 31, 1986), brother of Pablo Casals, was a Catalan violinist, composer and conductor. He started to study music with his father, Carles Casals i Ribes. Then, he became a disciple of Rafael Gálvez. Afterwards, he went to Brussels in order to improve his violin and composition skills, with Mathieu Crickboom and Joseph Jongen; and in 1918 he moved to Prague, where he was a pupil of František Suchý. He established the String Quartet \"Enric Casals\" in 1921, with which he toured Europe, offering concerts in France, Belgium, England,",
"psg_id": "18030312"
},
{
"title": "Laid to Rest (film)",
"text": "of fun to watch\". DVD Talk awarded three out of five, which said that while \"Laid to Rest\" \"contrives a lot of convenient coincidences to keep the plot rolling\" and was \"admittedly lacking in logic\" it was still \"an entertaining 90 minute thrill ride\". DVD Verdict also responded well to \"Laid to Rest\", writing that it was \"an inventive, sick as all get out thrill-ride\" and \"an entertaining, engaging slasher movie\". Scott Weinberg of Fearnet wrote, \"Powerfully gory, peppered with unexpected doses of weird humor, and backed by a colorful cast of familiar faces, Rob Hall's Laid to Rest is",
"psg_id": "12276410"
},
{
"title": "Laid to Rest",
"text": "the 2008 Vans Warped Tour. Laid to Rest \"Laid to Rest\" is a song by the groove metal band Lamb Of God from their fourth album, \"Ashes of the Wake\". It was the first single from the album, and a music video was made for it. The song is meant to be a first-person narrative of a murder victim, haunting his killer from beyond the grave. On the other side, the lyrics may also have a connection to the Iraq War, like most of the songs from \"Ashes of the Wake\". This song has been covered live by hip hop",
"psg_id": "10971945"
},
{
"title": "Laid to Rest",
"text": "Laid to Rest \"Laid to Rest\" is a song by the groove metal band Lamb Of God from their fourth album, \"Ashes of the Wake\". It was the first single from the album, and a music video was made for it. The song is meant to be a first-person narrative of a murder victim, haunting his killer from beyond the grave. On the other side, the lyrics may also have a connection to the Iraq War, like most of the songs from \"Ashes of the Wake\". This song has been covered live by hip hop group Gym Class Heroes during",
"psg_id": "10971944"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "wrote articles despising him as \"a donkey\", and was fined for his political views with an amount of a million pesetas. So fierce was his opposition to Francoist Spain that he refused to appear in countries that recognized the Spanish government. He made a notable exception when he took part in a concert of chamber music in the White House on 13 November 1961, at the invitation of President John F. Kennedy, whom he admired. On 6 December 1963, Casals was awarded the U.S. Presidential Medal of Freedom. Throughout most of his professional career, he played on a cello that",
"psg_id": "595057"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "to Barcelona, where he enrolled in the Escola Municipal de Música. There he studied cello, theory, and piano. In 1890, when he was 13, he found in a second-hand sheet music store in Barcelona a tattered copy of Bach's six cello suites. He spent the next 13 years practicing them every day before he would perform them in public for the first time. Casals would later make his own version of the six suites. He made prodigious progress as a cellist; on 23 February 1891 he gave a solo recital in Barcelona at the age of fourteen. He graduated from",
"psg_id": "595050"
},
{
"title": "Laid to Rest (film)",
"text": "hardly the most original or trail-blazing terror tale out there -- but it's an '80s-style throwback piece that gains a lot of mileage out of very little gas.\" The film has been followed by a sequel titled \"\" and has an upcoming prequel in development. A third film, \"Laid to Rest: Exhumed\" is due to start principal photography in December 2017 in northern Alabama. Laid to Rest (film) Laid to Rest is a 2009 American slasher film written and directed by Robert Green Hall. It was followed by a 2011 sequel entitled \"\". A young woman with amnesia breaks out",
"psg_id": "12276411"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "1899, he appeared as a soloist at Lamoureux Concerts in Paris, to great public and critical acclaim. He toured Spain and the Netherlands with the pianist Harold Bauer from 1900 to 1901; in 1901/02 he made his first tour of the United States; and in 1903 toured South America. On 15 January 1904, Casals was invited to play at the White House for President Theodore Roosevelt. On 9 March, of that year he made his debut at Carnegie Hall in New York, playing Richard Strauss's \"Don Quixote\" under the baton of the composer. In 1906 he became associated with the",
"psg_id": "595053"
},
{
"title": "Laid to Rest (film)",
"text": "Laid to Rest (film) Laid to Rest is a 2009 American slasher film written and directed by Robert Green Hall. It was followed by a 2011 sequel entitled \"\". A young woman with amnesia breaks out of a coffin in a funeral home, and dials 911 in the morgue, but accidentally unhooks the telephone while speaking to the operator. The mortician appears, and is impaled by a man equipped with a chrome skull mask, and a shoulder mounted camera. The girl stabs ChromeSkull in the eye, and runs off while he treats his wound. The girl is picked up by",
"psg_id": "12276401"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "they were separated in 1928, but did not divorce until 1957. Although Casals made his first recordings in 1915 (a series for Columbia), he would not release another recording until 1926 (on the Victor label). Back in Paris, Casals organized a trio with the pianist Alfred Cortot and the violinist Jacques Thibaud; they played concerts and made recordings until 1937. Casals also became interested in conducting, and in 1919 he organized, in Barcelona, the Pau Casals Orchestra and led its first concert on 13 October 1920. With the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936, the Orquesta Pau Casals",
"psg_id": "595055"
},
{
"title": "Enric Casals",
"text": "Mexico, Hungary, Greece, and the Lamoureux Orchestra of Paris. He was founder and director of the Musical Institute Casals and responsible of the famous Prades Festivals (especially between 1955 and 1983). Enric Casals Enric Casals i Defilló (Barcelona, July 26, 1892 - July 31, 1986), brother of Pablo Casals, was a Catalan violinist, composer and conductor. He started to study music with his father, Carles Casals i Ribes. Then, he became a disciple of Rafael Gálvez. Afterwards, he went to Brussels in order to improve his violin and composition skills, with Mathieu Crickboom and Joseph Jongen; and in 1918 he",
"psg_id": "18030314"
},
{
"title": "Marta Casals Istomin",
"text": "at the age of six. After she finished her primary education, she attended the Marymount School, New York, for four years. After graduating high school, Montañez was awarded a scholarship to attend the Mannes College of Music in New York City to study cello. In 1952, her uncle Rafael took the 15-year-old to the Prades Music Festival. There she first met the noted cellist Pablo Casals (1876-1973), who was very impressed when he heard her play. Casals recommended that she return to New York where he would accept her as a student. She graduated summa cum laude and joined Casals",
"psg_id": "7214357"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals Festival",
"text": "of ninety, conducting his oratorio \"El Pessebre\" (The Crib), a work written during the war on a poem by his friend . The Festival takes place, among other venues, in one of the jewels of Romanesque Catalonia, the Abbey of Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa, at the feet of the Canigou. In 1976, at the suggestion of the violinist Fred Muccioli, the Prades Academy of Music was created, which welcomes young musicians and provides master classes for musical instruments and chamber music. In 2005 the \"International Composition Competition of the Pablo Casals Festival of Prades\" was created, the winner of which was the German",
"psg_id": "20787582"
},
{
"title": "ChromeSkull: Laid to Rest 2",
"text": "ChromeSkull: Laid to Rest 2 ChromeSkull: Laid to Rest 2 is a 2011 horror film written and directed by Robert Green Hall, and co-written by Kevin Bocarde. It is the sequel to 2009 film \"Laid to Rest\". The minions of serial killer Jesse \"ChromeSkull\" Cromeans locate their employer and bring him back from the brink of death, though the injuries he sustained have left him disfigured. As ChromeSkull recuperates, tended to by an assistant named Spann, his disgruntled second-in-command, Preston, tracks Princess and Tommy, the survivors of the previous film, to a motel. Preston kills Princess, which infuriates ChromeSkull, while",
"psg_id": "15910706"
},
{
"title": "Laid to Rest (film)",
"text": "system. \"Laid to Rest\" received a limited theatrical run in March 2009. It was released on home video April 21, 2009. Dread Central gave the film a four out of five, concluding \"\"Laid to Rest\" does have some minor issues with pacing at first but really finds its stride about 30 minutes in and just keeps moving along until the very end. What I like here is that Hall was able to create a slasher film with characters we care about but definitely doesn't take anything too seriously either, giving horror fans a movie that's both entertaining and a lot",
"psg_id": "12276409"
},
{
"title": "Orquestra Pau Casals",
"text": "Orquestra Pau Casals The Orquestra Pau Casals (Spanish: Orquesta Pau Casals) was established by Pablo Casals (sometimes known as Pau Casals) in the early 1920s in Barcelona, with the debut performance taking place October 13, 1920. There had been other orchestras in Barcelona, but none that played with any enduring success. The orchestra was managed by a group of Casals' friends including Felip Capdevila and Casals' second wife Francesca. Casals hired musicians full-time and invested his savings to balance the accounts. He spent a great deal of effort in working with the orchestra and raising the level of technical accomplishment,",
"psg_id": "15301757"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "talented young Portuguese cellist Guilhermina Suggia, who studied with him and began to appear in concerts as Mme. P. Casals-Suggia, although they were not legally married. Their relationship ended in 1912. \"The New York Times\" of 9 April 1911, announced that Casals would perform at the London Musical Festival to be held at the Queen's Hall on the second day of the Festival (23 May). The piece chosen was Haydn's Cello Concerto in D and Casals would later join Fritz Kreisler for Brahms's Double Concerto for Violin and Cello. In 1914, Casals married the American socialite and singer Susan Metcalfe;",
"psg_id": "595054"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "was labeled and attributed to \"Carlo Tononi ... 1733\" but after he had been playing it for 50 years it was discovered to have been created by the Venetian luthier Matteo Goffriller around 1700. It was acquired by Casals in 1913. He also played another cello by Goffriller dated 1710, and a Tononi from 1730. In 1950 he resumed his career as conductor and cellist at the Prades Festival in Conflent, organized in commemoration of the bicentenary of the death of Johann Sebastian Bach; Casals agreed to participate on condition that all proceeds were to go to a refugee hospital",
"psg_id": "595058"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "the \"Escola\" with honours five years later. In 1893, Spanish composer Isaac Albéniz heard him playing in a trio in a café and gave him a letter of introduction to the Count Guillermo Morphy, the private secretary to María Cristina, the Queen Regent. Casals was asked to play at informal concerts in the palace, and was granted a royal stipend to study composition at the Madrid Royal Conservatory in Madrid with Víctor Mirecki. He also played in the newly organised Quartet Society. In 1895 he went to Paris, where, having lost his stipend from Catalonia, he earned a living by",
"psg_id": "595051"
},
{
"title": "Casals Festival",
"text": "under Maximiano Valdés. Pablo Casals died on October 22, 1973. His widow Marta Casals who was the president of the musical committee and Co‑Chairman of the Board and Music Director until 1979, undertook to continue the annual event. The festival has now taken on a new dimension with the appointment of pianist and scholar Elías López-Sobá and bass/baritone Justino Díaz as artistic and musical directors. These two Puerto Rican artists have continued to follow the legacy of Pablo and Marta Casals, attracting many musicians for a series of concerts. The festival which is now held at the Luis A. Ferre",
"psg_id": "7193489"
},
{
"title": "ChromeSkull: Laid to Rest 2",
"text": "things, the film suffered from bad and convoluted writing, and was \"silly, incoherent and completely over-the-top\". In a review for DVD Verdict, David Johnson found that while \"ChromeSkull\" \"doesn't quite measure up to the impact of the original\" it was still a slick film with an interesting mythology for its killer, and gory kills that were inventive, unsettling, and off-putting. \"ChromeSkull\" was deemed a \"pretty entertaining\" film with \"wildly creative, and brutal scenes of carnage\" by \"Bloody Disgusting's\" Shawn Savage. ChromeSkull: Laid to Rest 2 ChromeSkull: Laid to Rest 2 is a 2011 horror film written and directed by Robert",
"psg_id": "15910712"
},
{
"title": "Carla Casals",
"text": "Spanish swimmers to set a qualifying time for the World Championships. She competed at the 2013 IPC Swimming World Championships. From the Catalan region of Spain, she was a recipient a 2012 scholarship. Carla Casals Carla Casals (born 6 February 1987) is a Paralympic swimmer from Spain. Casals is from the Catalan region of Spain. Living at the High Performance Centre (CAR) of San Cugat del Vallés in 2013, she shared a room with an Olympic athlete. Casals is an S12 classified swimmer. She is affiliated with the Spanish Federation of Sports for the Blind (FEDC). In 2007, Casals competed",
"psg_id": "17477258"
},
{
"title": "David Casals-Roma",
"text": "Italian. David Casals-Roma David Casals-Roma (born 13 October 1972 - Lleida, Spain) is a Spanish writer/director based in Spain. When he finished his high school education, he began writing short stories and scripts, often whilst doing other jobs. In 1997 he moved to Amsterdam and began learning the intricacies of the film business whilst working as an IT technician. His first experience as a filmmaker came two years later, when he moved to Brussels where he shot his first two short films. In 2001, he moved to London where he studied film production at the London Academy of Radio Film",
"psg_id": "10017834"
},
{
"title": "David Casals-Roma",
"text": "David Casals-Roma David Casals-Roma (born 13 October 1972 - Lleida, Spain) is a Spanish writer/director based in Spain. When he finished his high school education, he began writing short stories and scripts, often whilst doing other jobs. In 1997 he moved to Amsterdam and began learning the intricacies of the film business whilst working as an IT technician. His first experience as a filmmaker came two years later, when he moved to Brussels where he shot his first two short films. In 2001, he moved to London where he studied film production at the London Academy of Radio Film and",
"psg_id": "10017832"
},
{
"title": "Orquestra Pau Casals",
"text": "classical repertoire. Dedicated to the ideal that everyone should appreciate and support music, Casals also founded the Associacio Obrera de Concerts (Working Men's Concert Association) in Barcelona with annual dues of six pesetas which served as a subscription to his concert series. The orchestra recorded Beethoven's First and Fourth Symphonies in November 1929. Other recordings are also available. Orquestra Pau Casals The Orquestra Pau Casals (Spanish: Orquesta Pau Casals) was established by Pablo Casals (sometimes known as Pau Casals) in the early 1920s in Barcelona, with the debut performance taking place October 13, 1920. There had been other orchestras in",
"psg_id": "15301759"
},
{
"title": "Carla Casals",
"text": "Carla Casals Carla Casals (born 6 February 1987) is a Paralympic swimmer from Spain. Casals is from the Catalan region of Spain. Living at the High Performance Centre (CAR) of San Cugat del Vallés in 2013, she shared a room with an Olympic athlete. Casals is an S12 classified swimmer. She is affiliated with the Spanish Federation of Sports for the Blind (FEDC). In 2007, Casals competed at the IDM German Open. Casals won a gold medal at the 2009 IPC European Swimming Championships. She was one of 42 Spanish team members, of which 22 had physical disabilities, 6 had",
"psg_id": "17477255"
},
{
"title": "Cuarteto Casals",
"text": "performances in Spain and Germany are available on YouTube Cuarteto Casals The Cuarteto Casals (\"Casals Quartet\") is a Spanish string quartet based at l'Auditori in Barcelona, where all four members reside and teach at the Escola Superior de Musica de Catalunya. The Cuarteto Casals was founded at the Reina Sofía School of Music, Madrid, in 1997 under Professor Antonello Farulli. They have studied with Walter Levin and Rainer Schmidt in Barcelona, as well as undertaking graduate work in Cologne under the Alban Berg Quartet and Harald Schoneweg. The quartet quickly achieved international acclaim when it won first prize at the",
"psg_id": "16836292"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "Muñoz Marín. This performance was recorded and released as an album. Casals was also a composer. Perhaps his most effective work is \"La Sardana\", for an ensemble of cellos, which he composed in 1926. His oratorio \"El Pessebre\" was performed for the first time in Acapulco, Mexico, on 17 December 1960. He also presented it to the United Nations during their anniversary in 1963. He was initiated as an honorary member of the Epsilon Iota Chapter of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia music fraternity at Florida State University in 1963. He was later awarded the fraternity's Charles E. Lutton Man of",
"psg_id": "595061"
},
{
"title": "He Knew He Was Right",
"text": "was adapted for BBC One in 2004 by Andrew Davies as \"He Knew He Was Right\". A wealthy young English gentleman, Louis Trevelyan, visits the fictional Mandarin Islands, a distant British possession, and becomes smitten with Emily Rowley, the eldest daughter of the governor, Sir Marmaduke Rowley. The Rowleys accompany Trevelyan to London, where he marries Emily. When the rest of the family goes home, Emily's sister Nora remains behind, under Trevelyan's protection. The marriage is initially a happy one and the couple have a baby boy. Then a seemingly minor matter undermines their marriage. Colonel Osborne, an old friend",
"psg_id": "9253937"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Casals",
"text": "playing second cello in the theatre orchestra of the \"Folies Marigny\". In 1896, he returned to Catalonia and received an appointment to the faculty of the \"Escola Municipal de Música\" in Barcelona. He was also appointed principal cellist in the orchestra of Barcelona's opera house, the Liceu. In 1897 he appeared as soloist with the Madrid Symphony Orchestra, and was awarded the Order of Carlos III from the Queen. In 1899, Casals played at The Crystal Palace in London, and later for Queen Victoria at Osborne House, her summer residence, accompanied by Ernest Walker. On 12 November, and 17 December",
"psg_id": "595052"
},
{
"title": "Kare Casals",
"text": "as CEO at Business Meeting Park Ltd. Casals spent his youth in Barcelona, Spain. He studied Marketing in the Finnish Business College in the 1980s; and Management, Organization Psychology, Marketing, Environmental Management, Economy, Entrepreneurship and SME Business Management at the Helsinki School of Economics (HSE) in the 1990s. He also studied adult education, social psychology, sociology, philosophy and political science at the University of Helsinki in the 1990s, now (since 2008), the University of Vaasa Business School. He also has several professional qualifications and diplomas. Casals is married and has a daughter. Kare Casals Kare Casals (born December 13, 1966",
"psg_id": "14637920"
},
{
"title": "Cuarteto Casals",
"text": "Palace in Madrid. Cuarteto Casals is currently in residence at the Barcelona conservatory. The group is named for the well-known 20th-century cellist Pablo Casals. The quartet has made recordings for Harmonia Mundi, with repertoire ranging from lesser known Spanish composers Arriaga and Toldrá to Viennese classics Mozart, Haydn and Brahms, through 20th Century greats Bartók, Kurtág and Ligeti. Reviewing their disc of Schubert's String Quartets D87 & D887, the critic Fiona Maddocks writing in The Observer, said \"the excellent Spanish ensemble bring supple radiance and flair to two works which span Schubert's brief career\". Video recordings of Cuarteto Casals' broadcast",
"psg_id": "16836291"
},
{
"title": "Carla Casals",
"text": "cerebral palsy, 10 were blind and four had intellectual disabilities. Casals competed at the 2010 Adapted Swimming World Championship in the Netherlands, where she won a gold medal. She finished seventh in the 100 meter backstroke. In 2011, Casals trained with Deborah Font Jimenez. She competed at the 2011 IPC European Swimming Championships in Berlin, Germany, finishing fifth in the 200 meter freestyle and fourth in the 100 meter breaststroke. In 2012, Casals competed at the Paralympic Swimming Championship of Spain by Autonomous Communities. She finished first in the 100 meter butterfly event and second in the SB23 100 meter",
"psg_id": "17477256"
},
{
"title": "Spain",
"text": "Carreras, Montserrat Caballé, Alicia de Larrocha, Alfredo Kraus, Pablo Casals, Ricardo Viñes, José Iturbi, Pablo de Sarasate, Jordi Savall and Teresa Berganza. In Spain there are over forty professional orchestras, including the Orquestra Simfònica de Barcelona, Orquesta Nacional de España and the Orquesta Sinfónica de Madrid. Major opera houses include the Teatro Real, the Gran Teatre del Liceu, Teatro Arriaga and the El Palau de les Arts Reina Sofía. Thousands of music fans also travel to Spain each year for internationally recognised summer music festivals Sónar which often features the top up and coming pop and techno acts, and Benicàssim",
"psg_id": "357012"
},
{
"title": "Enric Casals",
"text": "Switzerland and Spain. He played as the solo violinist of the Barcelona Symphony Orchestra (1910 - 1912), the Kurot Symphonische Orchester in Saint Petersburg (1912 - 1914), the Pau Casals Orchester (1920 - 1936) and the one of the Gran Teatre del Liceu (1924 - 1935). He was sub-conductor of the Pau Casals Orchester (1920 - 1936), conductor of the Orquestra Ibèrica de Concerts (1940 - 1942) and the Orquestra Professional de Cambra de Barcelona, with which he conducted almost a hundred concerts. Besides he occasionally conducted other important orchestras around the world, such as the national orchestras of Portugal,",
"psg_id": "18030313"
},
{
"title": "He Knew He Was Right",
"text": "cannot avoid unfavourably comparing him to Brooke and declines. Her aunt is at first much put out by Dorothy's obstinacy. Eventually however, she places the blame on the clergyman, which results in a serious breach between them. The feud with his former patron leaves Gibson so distracted that he finds himself engaged to a domineering Camilla French. After a while, he comes to regret his choice. Finally, finding Camilla's overpowering personality unbearable, he extricates himself by agreeing to marry the milder Arabella instead. Camilla is driven to extravagant threats and is finally sent to stay with her stern uncle in",
"psg_id": "9253942"
},
{
"title": "Art and culture in Francoist Spain",
"text": "from the beginning, eventually reaching a high social and even official recognition, as the regime struggled to maintain an inclusive attitude towards cultural products that were not identified as a direct challenge by the opposition to Franco (especially after the appointment of Joaquín Ruiz-Giménez as education minister, replacing José Ibáñez Martín in 1951). Spanish art forms not only developed in the interior of Spain, but outside it, given the extraordinary cultural power of the Spanish Republican exiles, to which belonged figures of the stature of Juan Ramón Jiménez, Pablo Picasso, Julio González, Pablo Casals, Luis Buñuel, the architects of GATEPAC,",
"psg_id": "16532386"
},
{
"title": "Jaume Casals",
"text": "Jaume Casals Jaume Casals (b. Barcelona, 1958) is the current rector of Pompeu Fabra University and Professor of Philosophy at UPF (since 2003). He received his Doctorate in Philosophy summa cum laude from the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB, 1984). A senior fellow of the Institut d'Estudis Catalans before becoming Rector of UPF in June 2013, Casals was the Academic Board Chairman and Executive Vice-President of the UPF's Continuing Education Institute (IDEC) as well as UPF Vice-Rector for Postgraduate and Doctoral Studies (2001-2005) and for Teaching Staff (2005-2009). Jaume Casals is the author of philosophical works comprising books, articles, chapters",
"psg_id": "17341503"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "sister Ethel in Belleville, New Jersey, where he remained for the rest of his life. In May 1972, Berg was hospitalized after a fall. His condition worsened as doctors could not identify the cause of his decline which was eventually diagnosed as an aortic aneurism. On May 29, 1972, Berg died. His last words were in the form of a question to his nurse: \"How are the Mets doing today?\" He died before she could answer. Ethel Berg buried her brother's ashes in a cemetery outside of Newark. Sam, Berg's brother, visited the grave yearly until his sister became gravely",
"psg_id": "17458434"
},
{
"title": "He Was a Quiet Man",
"text": "to know what the two of them were doing; Venessa replies that Shelby has become concerned about Bob's behavior and stopped by to check on him. However, Bob opens Shelby's gift and finds photos of Shelby and Venessa together. Bob has a mental breakdown and goes back to the office, bringing his gun with him. Finally it is revealed that Bob has been hallucinating all of the events since just before the initial shooting. This time, he is in the same position as Coleman was, only instead of killing his coworkers, he shoots himself in front of Venessa. The last",
"psg_id": "10579299"
},
{
"title": "Music of Spain",
"text": "Chica Ye-Yé\", though there had been earlier popular singles by female singers like Karina (1963). The earliest Spanish pop was an imitation of French pop, which at the time was itself an imitation of American and British pop and rock. Flamenco rhythms, such as in Rosalía's 1965 single \"Flamenco\", sometimes made Spanish pop distinctive. Some of Spain's most famous musicians and bands are: In the field of classical music, Spain has produced a number of noted singers and performers such as Plácido Domingo, José Carreras, Montserrat Caballé, Alicia de Larrocha, Alfredo Kraus, Pablo Casals, Ricardo Viñes, José Iturbi, Pablo de",
"psg_id": "1002609"
},
{
"title": "Orquestra Pau Casals",
"text": "so much so that he suffered a \"nervous breakdown\" at one point and had to rest for several months. However, after nine years of training, the Orquestra Pau Casals became recognized as one of the finer orchestras in Europe, attracting high quality soloists and guest conductors. Casals conducted the orchestra himself, and promoted it by playing with it exclusively as a soloist in Barcelona and refusing to play at other venues in the area. Casals organized his orchestral performances to appeal to the working-class people of Catalonia, and workmen and their families often attended, listening to Mozart, Beethoven and other",
"psg_id": "15301758"
},
{
"title": "Rosemary Casals",
"text": "Productions television company and has broadened her own sporting activities to include golf. In 1990, she again teamed with Billie Jean King to win the U.S. Open Seniors' women's doubles championship. Casals was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1996. Elizabeth Berridge played Casals in the 2001 TV movie \"When Billie Beat Bobby\". Natalie Morales plays Casals in the 2017 film \"Battle of the Sexes\". Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Casals was originally seeded 14th for the 1978 Wimbledon Championships, but a knee injury forced her withdrawal before the",
"psg_id": "5439130"
},
{
"title": "Where His Light Was",
"text": "announced that her first album with the label will be released on September 22. Kristene DiMarco said of the album, \"Where His Light Was\" comes from the perspective of when you're walking through a hard time, it feels dark, and you can’t see where you're going, but God said go. If you keep moving forward you will reach your destination and realize you were never alone. Through the mystery and unanswered questions, He was with you the entire time. Don’t give up. Keep going. A short film titled \"Ever Before Me\" was published on Bethel Music's YouTube channel, touted as",
"psg_id": "20355293"
},
{
"title": "He Knew He Was Right",
"text": "Mr Gibson. This causes much resentment with Arabella and Camilla French, two sisters who had considered him a future husband for one of them (though which was still a matter of much debate). However, this plan is derailed. Aunt Stanbury had always intended to bequeath her wealth back to the Burgess family, rather than to her Stanbury relations. She had chosen as her heir Brooke Burgess, the nephew of her former fiancé. When he visits her for the first time as an adult, everyone is charmed by his warm, lively personality, especially Dorothy. When Gibson finally proposes to her, she",
"psg_id": "9253941"
},
{
"title": "Rosemary Casals",
"text": "through 1977, the Anaheim Oranges in 1978, and the Oakland Breakers in 1982, before serving as the player-coach of the San Diego Friars in 1983. She later played for the St. Louis Eagles in 1984, the Chicago Fyre in 1985, the Miami Beach Breakers in 1986, and the Fresno Sun-Nets in 1988. Casals won 112 professional doubles tournaments, the second most in history behind Martina Navratilova. Her last doubles championship was at the 1988 tournament in Oakland, California, where her partner was Navratilova. Casals played in a total of 685 singles and doubles tournaments during her career. Despite her victories",
"psg_id": "5439126"
},
{
"title": "Rosemary Casals",
"text": "of many ranking junior players, including Jeoff Brown, national junior doubles champ, and others at Arden Hills club, Sacramento, California, where Mark Spitz trained. Casals used a continental forehand like he did, with the power in it that all his students had, using the \"racket back, step, and hit\" method. Casals attended San Francisco's George Washington High School. While still just a teenager, Casals began to rebel on the court. She hated the tradition of younger players competing only against each other on the junior circuit. Gutsy and determined right from the start, Casals wanted to work as hard as",
"psg_id": "5439120"
},
{
"title": "C-32 highway (Spain)",
"text": "section, also known as Autopista de Pau Casals (officially), named in honor of the famous cellist Pablo Casals, who is known as Pau Casals in Catalan, or non-officially \"Túnels del Garraf\" after the tunnels through the Garraf Massif, was previously named A-16 before the redenomination. It is a partially tolled \"autopista\" which runs parallel to the southern Barcelona's Mediterranean coast. It starts at the intersection with the AP-7, near El Vendrell, and finishes at the intersection with the Barcelona-El Prat Airport access freeway, near Sant Boi de Llobregat. It connects several relevant towns such as Vilanova i la Geltrú, Sitges",
"psg_id": "8977868"
},
{
"title": "He Was Too Good to Me",
"text": "Kingston Trio album called Something Special released in 1962 with orchestral accompaniment which was unusual for the group.This song was also recently released by Bob Shane, of the Kingston Trio, on his new album \"The World Needs a Melody\". LP Capitol ST 1747 He Was Too Good to Me \"He Was Too Good to Me\" is a song with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Lorenz Hart. It was introduced in the tryouts of their 1930 Broadway musical \"Simple Simon\", but was dropped before the show's New York opening. Despite its inauspicious beginning, the song has become a jazz",
"psg_id": "9843990"
},
{
"title": "He Was Too Good to Me",
"text": "He Was Too Good to Me \"He Was Too Good to Me\" is a song with music by Richard Rodgers and lyrics by Lorenz Hart. It was introduced in the tryouts of their 1930 Broadway musical \"Simple Simon\", but was dropped before the show's New York opening. Despite its inauspicious beginning, the song has become a jazz standard, and has been recorded by such artists as Eileen Farrell, Natalie Cole, Barry Galbraith, Chet Baker, Thad Jones, Nina Simone, Shirley Horn, Chris Connor, Jeri Southern and Carmen McRae. The song is occasionally sung as \"“She was too good to me”\", especially",
"psg_id": "9843988"
},
{
"title": "He Was King",
"text": "He Was King He Was King is an album recorded by Felix da Housecat, released worldwide just two days before his 38th birthday on August 25, 2009 via Nettwerk Records. The album was described by Felix as follows, \"Whereas \"Kittenz and Thee Glitz\" was straight up electro, \"He Was King\" is straight Felix da Housecat pop with a nice electronic feel.\" The first single released from the album was \"Kickdrum\", released as a digital download in May 2009. The second single, \"We All Wanna Be Prince\" featured a remix contest prior to its release in July. Initial critical response to",
"psg_id": "13682213"
},
{
"title": "He Was King",
"text": "\"He Was King\" was average. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album has received an average score of 63, based on nine reviews. All songs written by Felix da Housecat (Felix Stallings). He Was King He Was King is an album recorded by Felix da Housecat, released worldwide just two days before his 38th birthday on August 25, 2009 via Nettwerk Records. The album was described by Felix as follows, \"Whereas \"Kittenz and Thee Glitz\" was straight up electro, \"He Was King\" is straight Felix da Housecat pop with a",
"psg_id": "13682214"
},
{
"title": "Juan Pablo Carrizo",
"text": "Juan Pablo Carrizo Juan Pablo Carrizo (born 6 May 1984) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for C.F. Monterrey. He started his professional career with River Plate, where he played until 2008, winning the 2008 Clausura. His performances earned him a move to Europe, where he played for Lazio in Italy and on loan for Zaragoza in Spain, before returning at River Plate again, this time on loan. Carrizo was again loaned by Lazio this time to Calcio Catania where he played until June 2012. In January 2013, Internazionale purchased him as a back-up for Samir",
"psg_id": "9772120"
},
{
"title": "Cuarteto Casals",
"text": "Cuarteto Casals The Cuarteto Casals (\"Casals Quartet\") is a Spanish string quartet based at l'Auditori in Barcelona, where all four members reside and teach at the Escola Superior de Musica de Catalunya. The Cuarteto Casals was founded at the Reina Sofía School of Music, Madrid, in 1997 under Professor Antonello Farulli. They have studied with Walter Levin and Rainer Schmidt in Barcelona, as well as undertaking graduate work in Cologne under the Alban Berg Quartet and Harald Schoneweg. The quartet quickly achieved international acclaim when it won first prize at the 2000 London International String Quartet Competition, and then at",
"psg_id": "16836288"
},
{
"title": "Pablo López (singer)",
"text": "Pablo López (singer) Pablo José López Jiménez (; born in Málaga, Spain on 11 March 1984) is a Spanish singer and musician. He sings mostly melodic pop and pop rock songs. He also plays piano and guitar. He is signed to Universal Music Group. He started his musical career in the pop band Niño Raro with reggae, Latin and rock influences. It was formed in 2007 and made up of Pablo López and his friends Juanjo Martín and Antonio Carlos Miñan. Rap was added with Félix Sánchez joining, and finally electric, acoustic elements with Cuban musician Yohany Suárez. The band",
"psg_id": "19759207"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Siebel",
"text": "Pablo Siebel Pablo Siebel (born December 1954 in Santiago de Chile) is a Chilean painter. He has garnered more than 60 individual and group exhibitions, as well as placements in museums, public and private collections, including the Sala José Saramago in Madrid, Spain. Siebel moved with his family to Europe in 1970. Following a sojourn in his father's native Germany, in 1971 the family finally settled in Spain. In Madrid, Siebel concurrently studied law and art. While he obtained his law degree from the Universidad Complutense, he never practiced his father's chosen profession. Instead, he opted to follow his personal",
"psg_id": "13972139"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Siebel",
"text": "like for art. \"1980\" \"1981\" \"1983\" \"1984\" \"1985\" \"1986\" \"1987\" \"1989\" \"1992\" \"1994\" \"1995\" \"1996\" \"1997\" \"1998\" \"1999\" \"2001\" \"2002\" \"2003\" Pablo Siebel Pablo Siebel (born December 1954 in Santiago de Chile) is a Chilean painter. He has garnered more than 60 individual and group exhibitions, as well as placements in museums, public and private collections, including the Sala José Saramago in Madrid, Spain. Siebel moved with his family to Europe in 1970. Following a sojourn in his father's native Germany, in 1971 the family finally settled in Spain. In Madrid, Siebel concurrently studied law and art. While he obtained",
"psg_id": "13972140"
},
{
"title": "What Was Before",
"text": "how we choose to tell stories.\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,",
"psg_id": "18660880"
},
{
"title": "Laid to Rest (film)",
"text": "car. Princess looks at footage on ChromeSkull's camera, which shows he was in league with the mortician, who he killed due to the man becoming a liability. Princess takes the car while Tucker and Steven are removing bodies from the trunk, and is locked inside by ChromeSkull, who uses his cellphone to take control of the onboard computer as he follows Princess to a convenience store. Via paperwork in the car, Princess finds out ChromeSkull's name is Jesse Cromeans, right before he attacks her. ChromeSkull prepares to kill Princess, but he is out of tapes for his camera, so he",
"psg_id": "12276404"
},
{
"title": "What Was Before",
"text": "What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of",
"psg_id": "18660879"
},
{
"title": "Rosemary Casals",
"text": "born, her parents decided they could not care for her and her older sister, Victoria. Casals's great-uncle and great-aunt, Manuel and Maria Casals, took the young girls in and raised them as their own. When the children grew older, Manuel Casals took them to the public tennis courts of San Francisco and taught them how to play the game. He became the only coach Casals would ever have. But Nick Carter, former touring pro, father to Denise Carter-Triolo, who was once nationally ranked and made it to the fourth round at Wimbledon, gave her some lessons. He was the teacher",
"psg_id": "5439119"
},
{
"title": "Rosemary Casals",
"text": "Rosemary Casals Rosemary \"Rosie\" Casals (born September 16, 1948) is a former American professional tennis player. Rosemary Casals earned her reputation as a rebel in the tennis world when she began competing in the early 1960s. During a tennis career that spanned more than two decades, she won more than 90 tournaments, and was a motivating force behind many of the changes that occurred in women's tennis during the 1960s and 1970s. Casals was born in 1948 in San Francisco, to poor parents who had immigrated to the United States from El Salvador. Less than a year after Casals was",
"psg_id": "5439118"
},
{
"title": "Pablo Yagüe",
"text": "Pablo Yagüe Pablo Yagüe Estebaranz ( – 19 May 1943) was a Spanish trade union leader and communist politician. During the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) he was briefly in charge of Supplies for the Madrid Defense Council, before being shot and badly wounded at an Anarchist roadblock. After the war he lived in hiding in Spain for some time, then was arrested, tried and executed. Pablo Yagüe Estebaranz was born in Condado de Castilnovo in 1909 or 1910. He moved to Madrid in search of work and found employment delivering bread. In 1925 he joined the Bakery union affiliated with",
"psg_id": "18871995"
},
{
"title": "Before There Was",
"text": "listeners, myself included, into a place of reverence and adoration... Well done guys for such a well thought out and enjoyable album\". Before There Was Before There Was is the second studio album by American contemporary worship music group Bellarive. The album was released via Sparrow Records on July 22, 2014. Production was handled by Nathan Dantzler and Joshua Silverberg. Writing for \"Worship Leader\", Jeremy Armstrong depicts that \"Bellarive craft atmospheric worship with glorious musical builds and fantastic musical eruptions that praise God in musical prosody as much as in lyrical poetry.\" On behalf of \"Cross Rhythms\", Chris Webb suggests",
"psg_id": "18124811"
},
{
"title": "Before There Was",
"text": "Before There Was Before There Was is the second studio album by American contemporary worship music group Bellarive. The album was released via Sparrow Records on July 22, 2014. Production was handled by Nathan Dantzler and Joshua Silverberg. Writing for \"Worship Leader\", Jeremy Armstrong depicts that \"Bellarive craft atmospheric worship with glorious musical builds and fantastic musical eruptions that praise God in musical prosody as much as in lyrical poetry.\" On behalf of \"Cross Rhythms\", Chris Webb suggests \"this is rock and praise with substance.\" Grace Aspinwall explains that some tunes are \"Fresh and innovative\" yet others \"exude joy and",
"psg_id": "18124808"
},
{
"title": "Francesc Pujols",
"text": "in Martorell, he wrote several works of a political nature such as \"La solució Cambó\" (1931) or \"El problema peninsular\" (1935). At the end of the Spanish Civil War he went into exile in Prada de Conflent under the hospitality of Pablo Casals (1939), known as Pablo Casals in English, and moved later to the Résidence des Intellectuels Catalans in Montpellier, where he met the writer and scientist Alexandre Deulofeu, and discoursed before young intellectuals such as the critic art Alexandre Cirici Pellicer, the politician Heribert Barrera and Salvador Dalí. Dalí was especially enthralled with Pujols' philosophy: in 1960, he",
"psg_id": "6896991"
},
{
"title": "Before There Was",
"text": "bit too large of an audience than they are meant to.\" April Covington advises that \"As you listen to \"Before There Was\", you'll be dancing for joy over God's glory and grace.\" Writing for Louder Than the Music, Jono Davies describes that \"they are fitting into their new bigger, bolder shoes much more comfortably. There is definitely no second album worry from the most exciting band around at the moment.\" On behalf of 365 Days of Inspiring Media, Jonathan Andre advocates that \"\"Before There Was\" is a great album, and one that genuinely surprised me with its ability to bring",
"psg_id": "18124810"
},
{
"title": "Before There Was",
"text": "light.\" Writing for New Release Tuesday, Caitlin Lassiter exclaims \"\"Before There Was\" is a huge step for Bellarive... certainly the most exciting and promising worship album we've seen so far this year, and is sure to be categorized as one of the best of all time.\" On behalf of Jesus Freak Hideout, Roger Gelwicks portrays that \"A rich look at the gospel's power, \"Before There Was\" is a distinct highlight for this summer's playlist.\" Mark Rice derides that \"It is a fairly solid worship album with several stunning moments, but it simply sounds like they are trying to satisfy a",
"psg_id": "18124809"
},
{
"title": "He Knew He Was Right",
"text": "hand in marriage, despite her misgivings about her reception in English society. Trevelyan receives word that Colonel Osborne has dared to visit Emily once again. While Osborne had not been permitted to see Emily, Trevelyan does not believe it and has the boy taken away from his mother by deception; he takes his son back to Italy, where he descends further into madness. Eventually, he is tracked down by his wife and friends. Emily persuades him first to give her their son, then to return with her to England; he dies, however, shortly after their return. In his dying moments,",
"psg_id": "9253945"
},
{
"title": "Where Was Spring?",
"text": "by Bron and Fortune (hardcover with illustrating photographs, Oct 1972). Where Was Spring? Where Was Spring? is a British television sketch comedy programme, which was first aired by the BBC in 1969-70 over six episodes. The cast consisted of Eleanor Bron and John Fortune, two stalwarts of the British satire scene in the 1960s. The show consisted of a series of two-handed sketches performed by Bron and Fortune, mostly playing married or romantic couples though often not seen romantically. The sketches were performed in a television studio setting which reinforced the sophistication of the scripts. There were also animated sequences",
"psg_id": "14917235"
},
{
"title": "Where Was Spring?",
"text": "Where Was Spring? Where Was Spring? is a British television sketch comedy programme, which was first aired by the BBC in 1969-70 over six episodes. The cast consisted of Eleanor Bron and John Fortune, two stalwarts of the British satire scene in the 1960s. The show consisted of a series of two-handed sketches performed by Bron and Fortune, mostly playing married or romantic couples though often not seen romantically. The sketches were performed in a television studio setting which reinforced the sophistication of the scripts. There were also animated sequences supplied by Klaus Voormann, designer of the cover for the",
"psg_id": "14917233"
},
{
"title": "Cuarteto Casals",
"text": "Philharmonie in Berlin. Reviewing their two 2012 Wigmore Hall recitals of Schubert's early string quartets, \"The Independent\" stated: \"one couldn’t have wished for better advocates than the Cuarteto Casals, whose warm, full-toned playing was immaculate and poetic throughout.\" The quartet has premiered works by Jordi Cervelló, David del Puerto and Jesús Rueda of Spain, collaborating with James MacMillan of Scotland, and György Kurtág of Hungary, and at the composer's request, has recorded Christian Lauba's quartet, Morphing. The quartet has accompanied the King of Spain on diplomatic visits and performed on the peerless collection of decorated Stradivarius instruments in the Royal",
"psg_id": "16836290"
},
{
"title": "Rosemary Casals",
"text": "became known for her brightly colored outfits, designed for her by Ted Tinling. The frustrations Casals endured due to her size and background affected her playing style. Despite her sweet-sounding nicknames, \"Rosie\" and \"Rosebud,\" she was known as a determined player who used any shot available to her to score a point — even one between her legs. \"I wanted to be someone,\" Casals was quoted as saying in Alida M. Thacher's \"Raising a Racket: Rosie Casals.\" \"I knew I was good, and winning tournaments — it's a kind of way of being accepted.\" By age 16 Casals was the",
"psg_id": "5439123"
},
{
"title": "Rosemary Casals",
"text": "draw was made Rosemary Casals Rosemary \"Rosie\" Casals (born September 16, 1948) is a former American professional tennis player. Rosemary Casals earned her reputation as a rebel in the tennis world when she began competing in the early 1960s. During a tennis career that spanned more than two decades, she won more than 90 tournaments, and was a motivating force behind many of the changes that occurred in women's tennis during the 1960s and 1970s. Casals was born in 1948 in San Francisco, to poor parents who had immigrated to the United States from El Salvador. Less than a year",
"psg_id": "5439131"
},
{
"title": "Muriel Casals i Couturier",
"text": "2011 she received the Premi Identitat, as part of the Nit d'Identitat organized by the group Identitat from Cornellà. Casals died in Barcelona on 14 February 2016 due to complications from being hit by a bike. ] Muriel Casals i Couturier Muriel Casals i Couturier (6 April 1945 – 14 February 2016) was a Catalan economist with both Spanish and French nationality. She was born in Avignon, France. Couturier was a professor in the Department of Economics and Historical Economics in the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), where she was also vicedean of International Relations and Cooperation between 2002 and",
"psg_id": "18904482"
},
{
"title": "Muriel Casals i Couturier",
"text": "Muriel Casals i Couturier Muriel Casals i Couturier (6 April 1945 – 14 February 2016) was a Catalan economist with both Spanish and French nationality. She was born in Avignon, France. Couturier was a professor in the Department of Economics and Historical Economics in the Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), where she was also vicedean of International Relations and Cooperation between 2002 and 2005. She specialized in industrial reconversions, the history of economic thought and European economics. Casals was also the representative of the UAB in the Xarxa Vives d'Universitats (Vives University Networks) between 2002 and 2009. She had been",
"psg_id": "18904480"
}
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] |
santander international airport is in which country? | [
{
"title": "Santander Airport",
"text": "road N-636 that leads to the airport facilities. There is also a regular bus line from Santander's main bus station in the city centre. The line buses from ALSA also stop in the airport prior booking in the routes that connect Santander with other towns in northern Spain like Bilbao, Gijón, Oviedo or Laredo. Santander Airport Santander Airport is an international airport near Santander, Spain and the only airport in Cantabria. In 2012 the airport handled 1,117,617 passengers and 17,070 flights, far more than in 1995 when it handled only 180,000 passengers. Since then, the traffic has declined following the",
"psg_id": "7985013"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Santander Airport",
"text": "1953 replacing the old Santander airport located in La Albericia, that was receiving commercial flights since 1949, and received the name of Aeropuerto de Santander and popularly known as \"Parayas\". It received the international rating in 1957. After a three-year closure (from April 1974 until August 8, 1977), in which the airport underwent a major renovation that significantly expanded its facilities and had a cost of more than 1,100 million pesetas of the time; it was reopened with a new 2,400 m runway and with the technology to allow both visual and instrumental flight; the first flight after the renovation",
"psg_id": "7985009"
},
{
"title": "Santander Airport",
"text": "as 'Santander Airport' until 2015. In May 2014, a popular initiative taken to the Parliament of Cantabria was unanimously approved to change the name after Seve Ballesteros, an icon in sport and life and one of the best ambassadors that Cantabria ever had in the last decades. The Spanish Government approved the change on 16 April 2015 The current airport, built on ground filled of the bay of Santander, was opened to traffic in 1977. Before there was on the same site a smaller airfield built between 1947 and 1952 by prisoners of the Spanish Civil War. It opened in",
"psg_id": "7985008"
},
{
"title": "Santander Airport",
"text": "corresponded to the Iberia's DC-9 \"Ciudad de Santander\", that covered the Barcelona-Santander-Santiago de Compostela route. In recent years there have been new renovation works, that started in 2007, remodeling and expanding the terminal and installing two gateways or fingers for direct access to the planes, widening the platform for parking more aircraft or construction of taxiways and a platform for general aviation. Until 2003 the premises were considered underused due to the limited number of flights and their high fees, which made a shift in potential passengers to the airport of Bilbao, 100 km away. From this date, following an",
"psg_id": "7985010"
},
{
"title": "Palonegro International Airport",
"text": "Palonegro International Airport Palonegro International Airport () is on a mountain ridge west of Bucaramanga in the Santander Department of Colombia. The airport provides the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area and surrounding towns with access to international and domestic flights. The airport was built over the mountains surrounding the Bucaramanga plateau. A mountain road connects the city with the airport, which is located at about 1,200 m above sea level (The city of Bucaramanga is located at 950 m above sea level). The airport bears the name of the nearby area, \"Palonegro\". This was the place of a famous battle of the",
"psg_id": "5837467"
},
{
"title": "Palonegro International Airport",
"text": "It is hoped that the award process is completed within two years in 2011 for a private operator to invest in the necessary work to adapt the terminal to improve the existing traffic and cargo handling facilities, which eventually will be needed to meet growth in this activity when they sign the free trade agreement with the United States. Palonegro International Airport Palonegro International Airport () is on a mountain ridge west of Bucaramanga in the Santander Department of Colombia. The airport provides the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area and surrounding towns with access to international and domestic flights. The airport was",
"psg_id": "5837477"
},
{
"title": "Camilo Daza International Airport",
"text": "Camilo Daza International Airport Camilo Daza International Airport () is a civil airport located in Cúcuta, Colombia. The airport serves the Norte de Santander Department. It is named after Colombian aviation pioneer Camilo Daza. The airport has international facilities and is able to operate general aviation flights to international destinations. This air terminal is from the center of the city, about 15 minutes off the Pan American Highway (Sevilla). The Cucuta VOR-DME (Ident: CUC) is located on the field. Camilo Daza International Airport was inaugurated on October 10, 1971 by the then President of the Republic, Misael Pastrana Borrero, and",
"psg_id": "5837489"
},
{
"title": "Camilo Daza International Airport",
"text": "of Madrid. On August 6, 2010 in the framework of the macro national business conference, the Deputy Minister of Tourism, Oscar Rueda, said that Colombia will conduct studies of a direct international flight to counteract the effects of the crisis in neighboring Venezuela. Camilo Daza International Airport Camilo Daza International Airport () is a civil airport located in Cúcuta, Colombia. The airport serves the Norte de Santander Department. It is named after Colombian aviation pioneer Camilo Daza. The airport has international facilities and is able to operate general aviation flights to international destinations. This air terminal is from the center",
"psg_id": "5837492"
},
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "the left of runway 10. In 2017, 2,148,484 passengers passed through Mérida International Airport, a 10.2% increase from 2016. It became the 8th airport in the country to reach the 2 million milestone. Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International",
"psg_id": "5457486"
},
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International Airport. Mérida Center controls air traffic over the southeast part of the country. It handles both domestic and international flights, and is open 24 hours a day. It can service airplanes as large",
"psg_id": "5457484"
},
{
"title": "L.A. International Airport",
"text": "L.A. International Airport \"L.A. International Airport\" is a song written by Leanne Scott that became an international pop hit for the American country singer Susan Raye in 1971. The song was first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970. It reached #67 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. Susan Raye recorded her version of the song in 1971, which became an international hit. It reached #9 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. On other charts, \"L.A. International Airport\" reached #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song enjoyed much greater success outside of America and was a major pop hit in",
"psg_id": "11523741"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11 domestic and seven international destinations, complete with a 4267-meter runway which is the longest runway in use in Southeast Asia and capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers a year. It is the main operating base of Golden Myanmar Airlines. The Mandalay International Airport project was",
"psg_id": "8517034"
},
{
"title": "Mazatlán International Airport",
"text": "over the northwest part of the country. In 2016, the airport handled 973,440 passengers, and in 2017, the airport handled 994,283 passengers. Mazatlán International Airport General Rafael Buelna International Airport (, ), also known as Mazatlán International Airport (), is located in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. This airport is the most important in Sinaloa for its international operations, and second to Culiacan International Airport for its domestic operations. It has one terminal with two concourses. It is located on the southeastern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro",
"psg_id": "5265466"
},
{
"title": "Bonriki International Airport",
"text": "Bonriki International Airport Bonriki International Airport is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, and Kiribati's state-owned airline, Air Kiribati, both connect Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia. This service was suspended from July 2008 to November 2009. The",
"psg_id": "7433528"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have to stop over in Turkey. Because of these difficulties and inconveniencies, the majority of Turkish Cypriots with Republic of Cyprus passports prefer to use Larnaca International Airport, which is located in",
"psg_id": "5692735"
},
{
"title": "General Santos International Airport",
"text": "General Santos International Airport General Santos International Airport, (stylized as General Santos City Airport)(, ), is an alternate international airport located in the city of General Santos, Philippines serving the greater area of SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Situated in Prk New Hondagua, Uhaw, Barangay Fatima, the airport is the largest airport in the island of Mindanao and is officially classified an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a government bureau which is responsible in the management and operations of General Santos International Airport and all other airports in the country except regular international airports. Inaugurated on",
"psg_id": "7889566"
},
{
"title": "Benina International Airport",
"text": "Benina International Airport Benina International Airport () serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the town of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Bureau of Libya and is the second largest in the country after Tripoli International Airport. Benina International is also the secondary hub of both Buraq Air and flag carrier, Libyan Airlines. As of 17 July 2014 all flights to the airport were suspended due to fighting in the area. The runway length does not include a overrun on the",
"psg_id": "8032491"
},
{
"title": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport",
"text": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) (; ) is an international airport serving southeast Sri Lanka. It is located in the town of Mattala, from Hambantota. It is the first greenfield airport and the second international airport in the country, after Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. MRIA was opened in March 2013 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who ordered the construction of the airport. Initially, several airlines flew to the airport, including SriLankan Airlines which established a hub. However, due to low demand, most of these airlines left Mattala. As of June 2018 there are no scheduled flights",
"psg_id": "17115961"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport, which manages about half of the international flights in Venezuela. The earlier airport was Grano de Oro (1960 diagram) Runway 03L/21R length does",
"psg_id": "6521137"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035. Other related development projects are the planned bridging of \"Tagrin Bay\", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown. China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim",
"psg_id": "20642062"
},
{
"title": "Dushanbe International Airport",
"text": "Dushanbe International Airport Dushanbe International Airport is an airport in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. It is the a main hub for Somon Air and Tajik Air, with the latter having its head office on the property. In 1924 the first airport was built in the country, in the city currently known as Dushanbe. In November 1929 a new airport was built to serve Stalinabad (past name of Dushanbe). In 1964 the current airport complex was put into operation. Over the years the airport has been reconstructed several times. A new French-built terminal, which can serve 1.5 million passengers a",
"psg_id": "7286393"
},
{
"title": "Eldoret International Airport",
"text": "Eldoret International Airport Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya. Eldoret Airport, , is located in the city of Eldoret, in Uasin Gishu County, in the midwestern Kenya, close to the International border with Uganda. Its location is approximately , by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret. This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at above sea level, the airport has a single",
"psg_id": "11830734"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "late June/early July, Miami Air International from Toronto and Sun Country Airlines from New York. Air Canada Rouge made their inaugural flight from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Argyle International Airport on December 14, 2017. While Caribbean Airlines began weekly non-stop service between Argyle International Airport and New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport on March 14, 2018. On 2 May 2018, American Airlines announced new weekly nonstop flights to AIA from Miami which commenced on 15 December 2018. Year round flights from Toronto, New York City and Miami are now selling. The Argyle International Airport (AIA), which serves commercial passengers, as",
"psg_id": "14206543"
},
{
"title": "Voronezh International Airport",
"text": "stage, which is expanding its capacity for reception and service of most modern passenger and luxury types of aircraft. Voronezh Airport supports intermodal free transportation of passengers for 13 regions of the country. Any passenger is delivered to the airport for free. Voronezh International Airport Voronezh International Airport () (also recorded as Chertovitskoye Airport) is an airport in Russia located 11 km north of Voronezh. Serves the city of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk regions. July 10, 1933 - open regular air service on the route Moscow - Voronezh - Stalingrad on multi-seat aircraft K-5 in 1971 a new",
"psg_id": "9270157"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "planned. There will be new railways from Siewierz and Tarnowskie Góry to Katowice International Airport. Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is",
"psg_id": "4834653"
},
{
"title": "Moi International Airport",
"text": "Moi International Airport Moi International Airport , is the international airport of Mombasa, the second-biggest city in Kenya. It is located in Mombasa County, in a township called Port Reitz and features regional as well as intercontinental flights. Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and surrounding communities. It lies approximately , by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi during his tenure. At above sea level, the airport has two runways: Runway",
"psg_id": "8639703"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ). In 2015, under the leadership of the Organization of Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ), a new terminal is planned for construction. The new terminal would turn Kish International Airport into the 2nd largest airport of the country with a 4.5 million passengers capacity per year. 2.7 million passengers travelled through the airport that year. The Kish International Aiprort is the main host of the Iran Kish Air Show, the aviation airshow held biennially. Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the",
"psg_id": "9679327"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "Penang International Airport Penang International Airport , within the city of George Town, is one of the busiest airports in Malaysia. The airport is located near Bayan Lepas at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, south of the city centre. Previously known as the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was opened in 1935, making it the oldest airport in the country. Penang International Airport is a medium-sized airport with frequent connections to major cities in Asia such as Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Medan, Hong Kong and Taipei, and serves as the main airport for northern Malaysia. In addition, Penang",
"psg_id": "4867030"
},
{
"title": "Faisalabad International Airport",
"text": "from the airport. There are a number of connections from the railway station to other parts of the country. The Risalewala railway station is also located towards the south east of the airport which can be accessed via the Faisalabad Bypass. Traditional CNG powered rickshaws at the airport road entrance are quite popular amongst the local community. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Lahore in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad International Airport is",
"psg_id": "6408854"
},
{
"title": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport",
"text": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017 handling over 47.2 million passengers. Its passenger traffic was about 48.5 million in fiscal year 2017-18. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also.",
"psg_id": "1986487"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is an operating base for Enter Air, Ryanair Sun, Smartwings, Travel Service Polska and Wizz Air.",
"psg_id": "4834643"
},
{
"title": "Kigali International Airport",
"text": "Kigali International Airport Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Gregoire Kayibanda International Airport, but sometimes referred to as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. It is the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, and in addition serves as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located in the suburb of \"Kanombe\", at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali",
"psg_id": "7265031"
},
{
"title": "Shahjalal International Airport",
"text": "Shahjalal International Airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, ( \"Hôzrôt Shahjalal Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr\") , is the largest and most prominent international airport in Bangladesh. It is located in Kurmitola 11 miles (17 kilometres) in the northern part of the capital city Dhaka and it is also a part of \"BAF Bangabandhu Base\" used by the Bangladesh Air Force. The airport has an area of . The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) operates and maintains the airport. It started operations in 1980, taking over from Tejgaon Airport as the principal international airport of the country and was formerly known as Dacca",
"psg_id": "4685601"
},
{
"title": "Ventspils International Airport",
"text": "Ventspils International Airport Ventspils International Airport is an airport southwest of Ventspils, Latvia. It is the newest airport and, with Liepāja International Airport and Riga International Airport, is one of the three notable airports in the country. Ventspils Airport was founded in 1939. From 1940 on it was used by Soviet Aircraft. Once 1975 an asphalt-concrete runway () and an apron () were built. At that time there was an air control dispatchers point at the aerodrome and 40-45 employees worked in the airport. The aerodrome was used by aircraft AN-24, AN-2, YAK-40, MI-2. The flight range was small and",
"psg_id": "3628428"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "major hub in the nation. By the summer of 1940, SCATDA had changed to Avianca, and Barranquilla became its first major hub. Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky",
"psg_id": "20565434"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky S-38s from the main terminal at the seaplane port to many different parts of Colombia. It had also been an important stopover",
"psg_id": "20565431"
},
{
"title": "Cochin International Airport",
"text": "buildings. which is towards last phase of construction. Cochin International Airport is listed among the 12 major airports of India. Its safety and security is handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Cochin was the third international airport and the first private airport in the country to come under the cover of CISF in 2001, after the Central Government decided to hand over airport security to CISF in the wake of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814. Security was handled by the Kerala Police; Special Branch of Kochi Police before the",
"psg_id": "3160593"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "years. The previous operator was Myanmar's Ministry of Transport. In August 2013, the vendor technical team started the inspection of the airport to develop an airport Master Plan that included airport services and cargo-handling areas as well as anticipating future needs such as extending the airport’s buildings. Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11",
"psg_id": "8517041"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "by the Penang state government to expand the airport largely went unheeded by the Malaysian federal government, even though the airport has exceeded its maximum capacity of 6.5 million passengers. In 2017, the federal authorities finally announced plans to expand the airport to accommodate 12 million passengers per year by 2029. Penang International Airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport, and handles the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports after Kuala Lumpur International Airport. , the airport posted a record 7.23",
"psg_id": "4867035"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "of Northern Cyprus there are no non-stop scheduled flights between Ercan and destinations outside of Turkey. However, several airlines operate direct flights from Ercan to Europe with intermediate stops in Turkey. Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have",
"psg_id": "5692739"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "replaced the much smaller E.T. Joshua Airport as St. Vincent and the Grenadines principal airport. During the construction of the new airport, the International Airport Development Company (IADC) faced numerous challenges and controversies, causing major delays in the construction process. This resulted in the airport being completed 5 years after the originally forecasted completion date. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts the International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA), assessing the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of each country that has carriers operating to the United States and has classified Argyle International Airport, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Caribbean Civil",
"psg_id": "14206511"
},
{
"title": "Chennai International Airport",
"text": "near Pallavaram to which, passenger operations were shifted. The new domestic terminal was commissioned in 1985 and the international terminal was commissioned in 1989. The old terminal building is now used as a cargo terminal and is the base for the Indian courier company Blue Dart. On 23 September 1999, a centre for flowers, fruits and vegetables was commissioned at the cargo terminal. The new international departure terminal was commissioned in 2003. In 2001, Chennai Airport became the first international airport in the country to receive ISO 9001-2000 certification. During the early days, Madras Airport was one of the largest",
"psg_id": "2018969"
},
{
"title": "Multan International Airport",
"text": "airport. There are also a number of traditional rickshaws available at the airport parking area & entrance which are quite popular to travel short distance within the city. Multan Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station only less than 3 km away from the airport to get the railway connections for the other parts of country. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Multan in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Multan International Airport Multan International Airport ()",
"psg_id": "7179335"
},
{
"title": "Zvartnots International Airport",
"text": "Zvartnots International Airport Zvartnots International Airport (), is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within",
"psg_id": "3290804"
},
{
"title": "Malacca International Airport",
"text": "and airlines to promote tourism in the country. There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get in a taxi right away. Mahkota Medical Centre, Putra Hospital and Pantai Hospital provide free shuttle services on a daily basis from Malacca International Airport to their hospitals. Malacca International Airport Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor. The terminal complex is equipped with international-standard amenities that can handle",
"psg_id": "8550088"
},
{
"title": "Gan International Airport",
"text": "2012 to further develop and expand GIA. A joint venture was formed between GACL, MACL and State Trading Organization plc (STO). The new venture is Addu International Airport pvt ltd (AIA). Gan International Airport is now owned and managed by Addu International Airport pvt ltd. The airport lies at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a concrete surface measuring . Gan International Airport (GIA) is situated at the southern tip of the country, and allows international and domestic aircraft movements year-round. The Executive Terminal built for the SAARC summit in 2011 was",
"psg_id": "7413585"
},
{
"title": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport",
"text": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Côte d'Ivoire, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the Middle East. Usually, the airport is served by over 20 airlines, covering",
"psg_id": "12984619"
},
{
"title": "Hector International Airport",
"text": "Hector International Airport Hector International Airport is a civil-military public airport three miles (5 km) northwest of Fargo, in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The busiest airport in North Dakota, it is owned by the City of Fargo Municipal Airport Authority. Fargo Air National Guard Base is located adjacent to the airport. The airport was named after Martin Hector, who first leased, and then donated the original 50 acres of land to the city. Customs service is available for arrivals from Canada and other countries. Hector International has no scheduled passenger airline flights out of the country but has",
"psg_id": "1348057"
},
{
"title": "Tampa International Airport",
"text": "Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and \"Landside/Airside\" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,",
"psg_id": "1910972"
},
{
"title": "Norman Manley International Airport",
"text": "Norman Manley International Airport Norman Manley International Airport , formerly Palisadoes Airport, is an international airport serving Kingston, Jamaica and is located south of the island 19 km away from the centre of New Kingston. It is the second busiest airport in the country after Sangster International Airport, recording 1,502,973 arriving passengers in 2015. There are over 130 international flights a week that depart from Norman Manley International Airport. Named in honour of Jamaican statesman Norman Manley, it is a hub for Caribbean Airlines and Fly Jamaica Airways. It is located on the Palisadoes tombolo in outer Kingston Harbour; it",
"psg_id": "1931844"
},
{
"title": "Santander Department",
"text": "Santander Department Santander () is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the east with the Magdalena River, borders to the south and southeast with Boyacá, to the northeast with Norte de Santander Department, to the north with Cesar Department, and to the west with Bolivar and Antioquia Departments. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga. Prior to the arrival of the Spaniards, the territory now known as Santander was inhabited by Amerindian ethnic",
"psg_id": "2269093"
},
{
"title": "Bălți International Airport",
"text": "Bălți International Airport Bălți International Airport , formerly known as \"Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport\", is one of the two airports serving the city of Bălți, Moldova. Located north of the city center, in the northern part of the country, it is the second largest airport of Moldova, servicing cargo and charter flights. Another airport in the area, Bălți City Airport, located within the city limits, is primarily used for emergency interventions of regional importance. The first scheduled flights to Bălţi started on 24 June 1926, on the route Bucharest – Galați – Chișinău - Bălţi - Hotin - Cernauti. The flights",
"psg_id": "10922317"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Airlines. Also located at the airport are the Republic of Nauru Civil Aviation Authority, tasked with airport security and operational management; the Directorate of Immigration, tasked with control of incoming and outgoing passengers, and the Nauru Customs Service. Nauru International Airport serves as the main hub of the national carrier, Nauru Airlines. Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using",
"psg_id": "7041854"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "VMSB-241 who was the first Marine aviator killed in action at the Battle of Midway while leading his squadron in an attack against Japanese carrier forces. The field was abandoned after the war, but reopened in 1969 as a modernized civilian airport. The airport is capable of accommodating Boeing 737s. Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial",
"psg_id": "6959403"
},
{
"title": "Denver International Airport",
"text": "Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights",
"psg_id": "1914674"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and operations began in January 1943. After the war, it was converted to a civilian airport. The airport is located in the Yaren district, just north of many of the government buildings, including the Parliament House, police station, and the secondary school. The airport holds the head office of Nauru",
"psg_id": "7041853"
},
{
"title": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport",
"text": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Sir Seretse Khama International Airport , located north of Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 and offers limited capacity to handle regional and (especially) international traffic. Nonetheless, it has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, BIH, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector. <br> On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,",
"psg_id": "6911552"
},
{
"title": "Owen Roberts International Airport",
"text": "Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \"waving gallery\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The",
"psg_id": "1931821"
},
{
"title": "El Alto International Airport",
"text": "the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of",
"psg_id": "5958370"
},
{
"title": "Norte de Santander Department",
"text": "Norte de Santander Department Norte de Santander () is a department of the nation of Colombia. It is in the north of the country, bordering Venezuela. Its capital is Cúcuta, one of the country's major cities. North Santander Department is bordered by Venezuela to the east and north, by Santander Department and Boyacá Department to the south, and by Santander Department and Cesar Department to the west. The official Department name is \"\"Departamento de Norte de Santander\"\" (North Santander Department) in honor of Colombian military and political leader Francisco de Paula Santander. North Santander Department is located in the northwestern",
"psg_id": "11297993"
},
{
"title": "Swansboro Country Airport",
"text": "Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1",
"psg_id": "19127166"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had",
"psg_id": "9679325"
},
{
"title": "Da Nang International Airport",
"text": "Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\"VPAF\", the \"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An",
"psg_id": "6246652"
},
{
"title": "Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport",
"text": "long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Established in",
"psg_id": "13380190"
},
{
"title": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport",
"text": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district",
"psg_id": "6935645"
},
{
"title": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport",
"text": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\" (, \"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade",
"psg_id": "1367145"
},
{
"title": "Chiang Mai International Airport",
"text": "Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai",
"psg_id": "1924619"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,",
"psg_id": "6521138"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \"Songo Village\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The",
"psg_id": "20642061"
},
{
"title": "Trivandrum International Airport",
"text": "the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi",
"psg_id": "2402419"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs",
"psg_id": "7306563"
},
{
"title": "Luis José Santander",
"text": "Luis José Santander Luis Jose Santander (born April 8, 1960) is a Venezuelan actor. Santander was born in the United States and raised in Venezuela. Santander was not an instant sensation, as he had to work hard to become famous. He labored as an actor in small plays around Venezuela when his chance to become famous arrived in 1987. That year, he made his television debut in \"Y la Luna Tambien\" (\"And the Moon Too\"), which became a major international hit, reaching important numbers in Puerto Rico, Mexico and Ecuador, among others. It wasn't until 1988, however, when, at the",
"psg_id": "4324953"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.",
"psg_id": "7306568"
},
{
"title": "Las Américas International Airport",
"text": "Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers",
"psg_id": "2985277"
},
{
"title": "Hobart International Airport",
"text": "entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in",
"psg_id": "3503437"
},
{
"title": "Lynden Pindling International Airport",
"text": "Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter",
"psg_id": "4470407"
},
{
"title": "Kelowna International Airport",
"text": "the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan",
"psg_id": "5049486"
},
{
"title": "Santander, Spain",
"text": "of the city. UIMP is a major international summer university and organizes large festivals of music and dance. The Festival Internacional de Santander (FIS), Festival Internacional de Música de Órgano (FiMÓC), Encuentro de Música y Academia and the Paloma O'Shea International Piano Competition are main cultural events. Santander is a city of many festivals and pilgrimages, distributed across the various neighborhoods and areas of the city. Worthy of mention is the existence of many feasts of neighborhood character, such as those of Mendicoague, Perines, etc. The best known festivals in Santander and more tourist attraction, are: Santander's cuisine is characteristic",
"psg_id": "1447668"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The",
"psg_id": "5534228"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal",
"psg_id": "5534224"
},
{
"title": "Kempegowda International Airport",
"text": "is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and",
"psg_id": "7134230"
},
{
"title": "Athens International Airport",
"text": "Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll",
"psg_id": "593491"
},
{
"title": "Rafael Núñez International Airport",
"text": "Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen",
"psg_id": "5800890"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of",
"psg_id": "6959402"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan",
"psg_id": "14206509"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Santander",
"text": "in 2015. Santander spent 2016 with the Lynchburg Hillcats where he posted a .290 batting average with 20 home runs and 95 RBIs. Santander was selected by the Baltimore Orioles in the 2016 Rule 5 draft. He made his major league debut on August 18, 2017, at Camden Yards, Baltimore against the Los Angeles Angels. In 30 at bats he batted .267/.258/.367. Anthony Santander Anthony Roger Santander (born October 19, 1994) is a Venezuelan professional baseball outfielder for the Baltimore Orioles of Major League Baseball (MLB). Santander signed with the Cleveland Indians as an international free agent in July 2011.",
"psg_id": "19775436"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally",
"psg_id": "9025181"
},
{
"title": "Santander Airport",
"text": "of the terminal building of 10,200 m2, expanding new areas of departures and arrivals as well as the construction of a taxiway that can handle 22 movements per hour, and the extension of the aircraft parking platform. After the implementation of the renovations referred to in the Airport Master Plan, today it has 8 check-in desks, 3 baggage carousels in the arrivals lounge and 5 boarding gates. As an international airport, it is also capable of handling flights from countries outside the Schengen zone. The road access by car is from the S-10 highway, exit 3 and then taking the",
"psg_id": "7985012"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)",
"psg_id": "3274563"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west",
"psg_id": "3274549"
},
{
"title": "Limón International Airport",
"text": "Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as",
"psg_id": "7649179"
},
{
"title": "Ahmad Yani International Airport",
"text": "Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military",
"psg_id": "8293891"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30",
"psg_id": "9025182"
},
{
"title": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport",
"text": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \"MEA\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \"TMA Cargo\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.",
"psg_id": "10778249"
},
{
"title": "Culiacán International Airport",
"text": "is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and",
"psg_id": "17405365"
},
{
"title": "Gustavo Santander",
"text": "Gustavo Santander Gustavo Santander is a Colombian composer who has had great success at international level. He has composed more 200 songs for major artists like David Bisbal, Alejandro Fernández, Cristian Castro, Diego Torres, Ricardo Montaner, Sergio Dalma, Luis Fonsi, Rocío Dúrcal, Jerry Rivera and Carlos Santana, among others. He is also the brother of composer and producer Kike Santander. He was born in Santiago de Cali, Colombia and he raised in La Flora, a typical upper-middle-class neighborhood of Cali. His father was doctor, poet and guitarist Flavio Santander and his mother is Judith. His brother is composer and producer",
"psg_id": "14868785"
},
{
"title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport",
"text": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \"Salisbury Airport\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to",
"psg_id": "6304099"
}
] | [
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"reino de españa",
"name of spain",
"espagna",
"espańa",
"reino de espana",
"espana",
"kingdom of the spains",
"the spanish society",
"espainia",
"mountains of spain",
"regne d'espanya",
"the kingdom of spain",
"spain",
"regne d'espanha",
"espanya",
"espainiako erresuma",
"etymology of spain",
"spane",
"iso 3166-1:es",
"spain",
"spanish kingdom",
"kingdom of spain",
"el reino de españa",
"el reino de espana"
] |
in which year was nigel mansell indy car champion? | [
{
"title": "1993 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1993 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1993 PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 15th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART (d.b.a \"IndyCar\"). The season consisted of 16 races. Nigel Mansell was the national champion as well as the Rookie of the Year. The 1993 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Emerson Fittipaldi won the Indy 500, his second career victory in that event. The biggest story going into the season involved Newman/Haas Racing. Nigel Mansell, the reigning Formula One World Champion switched from Formula One",
"psg_id": "8968519"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "the British Empire (CBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to children and young people (as president of UK Youth). In 2015 turn 17 of the Autodromo Hermanos Rodríguez was renamed in honour of Mansell, twice winner of the Mexican Grand Prix (1987 and 1992). He received The London Classic Car Show Icon Award in 2018. Driver did not finish the Grand Prix, but was classified as he completed over 90% of the race distance. Nigel Mansell Nigel Ernest James Mansell, (; born 8 August 1953) is a British former racing driver who won both the Formula One",
"psg_id": "1751069"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "speak to him\" and shoved the camera away. Subsequently, Mansell was due to sign autographs at a K-mart store (the primary sponsor of his car), but because of a lack of demand the event was cancelled. Mansell was also the catalyst for the breakdown in the relationship between himself and Mario Andretti. Mario has since remarked \"I guess if Ronnie Peterson was the best team-mate I ever had, Nigel Mansell was the worst\" and \"I had a lot of respect for him as a driver, but not as a man\". In , after the CART season ended, Mansell returned to",
"psg_id": "1751046"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "to retire from seven races. He was paired with Alain Prost, (who was also the reigning World Champion), and who took over as the team's lead driver. Mansell recalls one incident where at the 1990 British Grand Prix, the car he drove did not handle the same as in the previous race where he had taken pole position. On confronting the mechanics, it transpired that Prost saw Mansell as having a superior car and as a result, they were swapped without telling Mansell. After retiring from the race, he announced he was retiring from the sport altogether at the end",
"psg_id": "1751029"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "on his car, which he carried on subsequent Williams and Newman/Haas cars and which was brought to the public's attention mainly through commentator Murray Walker and his enthusiastic commentary for the BBC. Rosberg, the World Champion who was heading into his fourth season with the team, was initially against Williams signing Mansell based on the clash the pair had at Dallas the previous year (Rosberg won that race and in an interview while on the podium publicly berated Mansell's blocking tactics while leading early in the race, which earned Rosberg a round of boos from the crowd who had appreciated",
"psg_id": "1751011"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "joining Williams. Mansell was remembered by many that year when he collapsed while pushing his car to the finish line after the transmission failed on the last lap of the 1984 Dallas Grand Prix. The race was one of the hottest on record, and after two hours of driving in 104 °F (about 40 °C) conditions Mansell fainted while pushing his car over the line to salvage a sixth-place finish (and thus one championship point) in a race of which he had led half, having started from pole. In his autobiography, Mansell claimed that his final race with the Lotus",
"psg_id": "1751009"
},
{
"title": "Newman/Haas IndyCar featuring Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Newman/Haas IndyCar featuring Nigel Mansell Newman/Haas IndyCar featuring Nigel Mansell, known in Japan as and in South America as Newman/Haas IndyCar Estrelando Nigel Mansell, is an IndyCar racing video game developed by Gremlin Interactive and published by Acclaim, which was released in 1994 for the Super NES and Sega Mega Drive/Genesis. This title can be considered as the sequel to \"Nigel Mansell's World Championship Racing\", and is based on the 1994 IndyCar season featuring Nigel Mansell and the motor racing team Newman/Haas Racing. \"GamePro\" gave the Genesis version a mixed review. They criticized the lack of a change view feature",
"psg_id": "15771321"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "he named \"Red 5\". Mansell was awarded the title of BBC Sports Personality of the Year in both 1986 and 1992. Only three other people have won the award twice, one of whom being fellow racing driver and former F1 World Champion Damon Hill. Mansell was inducted into the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2005. Mansell won the Hawthorn Memorial Trophy, an award for the leading British or Commonwealth driver in F1 each year, a record seven times in his career. Already Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE), Mansell was appointed Commander of the Order of",
"psg_id": "1751068"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "victory at the South African Grand Prix in Kyalami. These triumphs helped turn Mansell into a Formula One star. Going into , the Williams-Honda team had a car capable of winning regularly, and Mansell had established himself as a potential World Championship contender. He also had a new teammate in twice World Champion Nelson Piquet who had joined Williams looking to be a regular winner and contender again after the Brabham-BMWs had become increasingly unreliable and uncompetitive. The Brazilian publicly described Mansell as \"an uneducated blockhead\" and had also criticised Mansell’s wife Roseanne’s looks, later retracting these statements following threats",
"psg_id": "1751014"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Sports Personality of the Year award again in 1992, one of only four people to have won the award twice. During this season, Mansell gained a reputation for a psychological competitiveness and mind games. After the announcement by the FIA that the organization would be weighing drivers, Mansell, known for ignoring diet, starved and dehydrated himself the day prior to weigh-ins. This measure led to Mansell weighing less than his teammate Riccardo Patrese by one and a half kilograms. Despite being world champion, Mansell had a public disagreement with Williams. In his autobiography Mansell writes that this was because of",
"psg_id": "1751040"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "Al and Bobby's uncle. The Unsers are still the only family to win 100 or more IndyCar races combined, currently at 110. Indy Lights champion Bryan Herta had a season-ending accident in qualifying. A. J. Foyt did not find a replacement driver for the race, but Eddie Cheever would race the #14 for the remainder of the season. Robby Gordon won his first career pole ahead of Nigel Mansell. Emerson Fittipaldi and Michael Andretti would also be in the hunt, but championship leader Al Unser Jr's bid for three wins in a row ended on Lap 3 with a blown",
"psg_id": "12606089"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "from the opening rounds despite claiming pole. In the third race at Imola tragedy struck as Senna was killed in a crash on the Tamburello curve. Mansell took over the car Senna was brought in to drive toward the end of the 1994 campaign. Mansell was paid approximately £900,000 per race, compared to his teammate Hill being paid £300,000 for the entire season. Mansell's return was helped by Bernie Ecclestone helping unravel his contracts in the United States. It was important for F1 to have a world champion driving that season and with worldwide TV viewing figures starting to decline,",
"psg_id": "1751048"
},
{
"title": "1996 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1996 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1996 PPG Indy Car World Series season, the eighteenth in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 16 races, beginning in Homestead, Florida on March 3 and concluding in Monterey, California on September 8, in which it was marred by the death of Jeff Krosnoff. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion was Jimmy Vasser. Rookie of the Year was Alex Zanardi. This was the first season after the split with the Indy Racing League and the last year that CART licensed the \"IndyCar\" trademark from the Indianapolis Motor Speedway.",
"psg_id": "11457306"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "protect Hill from Schumacher, but both drivers passed him at the start and eventually collided (causing the retirement of both), handing Schumacher his first world title. Williams had an option on Mansell's services for 1995 which Mansell was convinced they would take. Williams however, opted for youth over experience and hired David Coulthard. After losing the Williams seat to David Coulthard, Mansell signed to drive for McLaren in . McLaren's title sponsors Marlboro wanted a world champion, whereas McLaren and their engine suppliers Mercedes wanted a lower-profile driver for what was their first official year back in Formula One since",
"psg_id": "1751050"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell Sunseeker International Classic",
"text": "in 52nd place, again on 10 over par. Nigel Mansell Sunseeker International Classic The Nigel Mansell Sunseeker International Classic was a men's professional golf tournament on the European Seniors Tour from 2003 to 2005. It was staged at Woodbury Park Golf Club, Woodbury, Devon, England. Total prize money was £150,000 with the winner receiving £22,500. The event was hosted by the former motor-racing driver Nigel Mansell, who had had his 50th birthday just before the inaugural event and played as an amateur. In 2003 he finished 60th on 7 over par, in 2004 he finished tied for 62nd place at",
"psg_id": "19842113"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell Sunseeker International Classic",
"text": "Nigel Mansell Sunseeker International Classic The Nigel Mansell Sunseeker International Classic was a men's professional golf tournament on the European Seniors Tour from 2003 to 2005. It was staged at Woodbury Park Golf Club, Woodbury, Devon, England. Total prize money was £150,000 with the winner receiving £22,500. The event was hosted by the former motor-racing driver Nigel Mansell, who had had his 50th birthday just before the inaugural event and played as an amateur. In 2003 he finished 60th on 7 over par, in 2004 he finished tied for 62nd place at 10 over par while in 2005 he finished",
"psg_id": "19842112"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "awards, including a Gold Medal from the Royal Automobile Club and the 1994 ESPY Award for Best Driver. His Newman/Haas car was much less reliable the following year, 1994, and results suffered. It was during this season that Mansell \"wore out his welcome\" in the United States with glimpses of rude behaviour, particularly after he was knocked out of the Indianapolis 500. After the crash, he stormed out of the track hospital, and refused medical care. When reporter Dr. Jerry Punch asked Mansell if he had spoken with Dennis Vitolo, the driver who had crashed into him, Mansell replied, \"You",
"psg_id": "1751045"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "Robby Gordon (-52), Paul Tracy (-53), and Nigel Mansell (-55). Nigel Mansell set a new track record alongside Raul Boesel and Michael Andretti in a three-abreast start. At the start-finish line on Lap 24, third place runner Robby Gordon burst a right front tyre. Seemingly by instinct he gradually slowed the car under the yellow, never touching the wall, and was able to continue undamaged. Soon after polesitter Mansell suffered a stuck throttle, and described to ESPN's Jon Beekhuis, \"\"That's the scariest moment I've had in my whole career.\"\" Not a fun problem to have at . No fun for",
"psg_id": "12606092"
},
{
"title": "1995 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "in 1994, with a low point being that both team drivers (Unser, Jr. and Emerson Fittipaldi) failed to qualify for the Indianapolis 500. The Honda engine that was abandoned at Indianapolis the previous year led most of the Indy 500 in 1995. Firestone Tire and Rubber Company returned to the series and Indianapolis for the first time since 1974. Danny Sullivan's racing career came to an end after a hard crash at Michigan. Several teams went through complete overhauls during the 1994 offseason. At Newman-Haas Racing, Nigel Mansell left IndyCar and returned for good to Formula One, and Mario Andretti",
"psg_id": "11785664"
},
{
"title": "Scott Mansell",
"text": "the Indy Pro Series. Mansell set a lap record for the Brands Hatch Indy circuit; 38.032 seconds during the 2004 EuroBOSS season. As well as the Brands Hatch record, Mansell has also broken lap records at Silverstone, Donington Park, Lausitzring and Zolder in 2004. In the same year Mansell won the BBC Midlands Young Sportsperson of the Year as well as being nominated for the Autosport Club Driver of the Year Award. Scott Mansell Scott Mansell (born 1 October 1985 in Birmingham, England) is a British racing driver. An alumnus of Bishop Vesey's Grammar School in Sutton Coldfield, Mansell was",
"psg_id": "13614142"
},
{
"title": "1987 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1987 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1987 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 9th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 16 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Bobby Rahal was the national champion, winning his second-consecutive title. The rookie of the year was Fabrizio Barbazza. The 1987 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Al Unser, Sr. won the Indy 500, his record-tying fourth victory at Indy. Defending series champion and defending Indy 500 winner Bobby Rahal and his Truesports",
"psg_id": "10070540"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Six more wins followed in , including an emotional and hugely popular victory at Silverstone for the British Grand Prix in which he came back from 28 seconds behind in 30 laps to beat teammate Piquet, with his car running out of fuel on the slowing down lap. A serious qualifying accident at Suzuka in Japan for the penultimate race of the season severely injured Mansell's back (a spinal concussion). Trying to beat Piquet's lap time, Mansell made a mistake and hit the guardrail. As a result of Mansell's absence from the remaining two races, Piquet became champion for the",
"psg_id": "1751020"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "team—the 1984 Portuguese Grand Prix—was heavily compromised by Warr's unwillingness to give Mansell the brake pads he desired for the race. With 18 laps of the race remaining, and with Mansell in second position, the brakes on his car failed. On Mansell's departure, Warr was quoted as saying \"He'll never win a Grand Prix as long as I have a hole in my arse\". In Frank Williams hired Mansell to drive alongside Keke Rosberg as part of the Williams team, Mansell later saying \"We have the greatest respect for each other.\" Mansell was given the now famous \"Red 5\" number",
"psg_id": "1751010"
},
{
"title": "1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series",
"text": "1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series The 1979 SCCA/CART Indy Car Series was the inaugural season for the CART Indy car series. It was the first national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 14 races. Rick Mears was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Bill Alsup. The 1979 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Rick Mears won the Indy 500, his first of four victories in the event. The 1979 season was filled with controversy on and off the track. During the",
"psg_id": "8796856"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": ". Before the season started, Mansell could not fit into the narrow car and was deputised by Mark Blundell for the opening two rounds in Brazil and Argentina. Mansell's car was completed in 33 days and in time for Imola, where despite being in the top six late in the race, a clash with Eddie Irvine saw him finish 10th and out of the points. The Spanish Grand Prix saw Mansell become frustrated over his car's handling characteristics, he chose to retire after just two races with the team. Mansell cited the decision to retire as his not wanting to",
"psg_id": "1751051"
},
{
"title": "Leo Mansell",
"text": "finished 9th overall (8th in LMP1), but their Le Mans effort was cut short due to a tyre failure and a crash by Nigel early in the event. Leo Mansell Leo Mansell (born 4 January 1985 on the Isle of Man) is a British racing driver. He is the son of 1992 Formula One world champion, Nigel Mansell, and elder brother of fellow racing driver Greg Mansell. Leo and his younger brother have always raced in the same series, starting with Karting in 2000. The brothers ascended through the Karting ranks, and moved into single-seater racing in 2006, in the",
"psg_id": "9065431"
},
{
"title": "1995 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1995 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1995 PPG Indy Car World Series season, the seventeenth in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 17 races, beginning in Miami, Florida on March 5 and concluding in Monterey, California on September 10. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was Jacques Villeneuve. Rookie of the Year was Gil de Ferran. This was the last season before the formation of the Indy Racing League by Indianapolis Motor Speedway owner, Tony George, and the last time the USAC-sanctioned Indianapolis 500 would appear in the Series. 1994",
"psg_id": "11785662"
},
{
"title": "1995 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "(pending the appeal from Portland) ahead of Gil de Ferran. Al would keep the championship fight alive if Team Penske won the appeal. 1995 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1995 PPG Indy Car World Series season, the seventeenth in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 17 races, beginning in Miami, Florida on March 5 and concluding in Monterey, California on September 10. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was Jacques Villeneuve. Rookie of the Year was Gil de Ferran. This was the last season before the formation of the Indy",
"psg_id": "11785716"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Shootout, held at Donington Park. Mansell drove a Ford Mondeo with his usual red number 5. The race ended in disaster for Mansell; he was knocked unconscious following a crash with six laps remaining. He lost control of his car through the exit of the Old Hairpin, over-corrected the slide and collided with Tiff Needell's Vauxhall Cavalier, resulting in a spin and a bad crash into the tyre wall under the bridge. Mansell made a return to racing in 1998 in the British Touring Car Championship, driving in a Ford Mondeo for three rounds. With the number 5 already taken",
"psg_id": "1751053"
},
{
"title": "1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1988 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 10h national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 15 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Danny Sullivan was the national champion, winning for Team Penske. The rookie of the year was John Jones. The 1988 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Rick Mears won the Indy 500, his third victory at Indy. The 1988 season was the breakout year for the Ilmor Chevrolet Indy V-8 engine. After",
"psg_id": "10070575"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Ayrton Senna's McLaren-Honda. Mansell, on fresh tyres, set a lap record almost two seconds quicker than Senna's and closed from 5.2 to 1.9 seconds in only two laps. The pair duelled around Monaco for the final four laps but Mansell could find no way past, finishing just 0.2 seconds behind the Brazilian. Mansell became the most successful British driver of all time when he won the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, as he surpassed Jackie Stewart's record of 27 wins with his 28th. Mansell was crowned Formula One World Champion early in the season at the Hungarian Grand Prix, the",
"psg_id": "1751037"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "to the Formula Ford series to the disapproval of his father. In 1976, Mansell won six of the nine races he took part in, including his debut event at Mallory Park. He entered 42 races the following year and won 33 to become the 1977 British Formula Ford champion, despite suffering a broken neck in a qualifying session at Brands Hatch. Doctors told him he had been perilously close to quadriplegia, that he would be confined for six months and would never drive again. Mansell discharged himself from the hospital and returned to racing. Three weeks before the accident he",
"psg_id": "1750996"
},
{
"title": "Scott Mansell",
"text": "Scott Mansell Scott Mansell (born 1 October 1985 in Birmingham, England) is a British racing driver. An alumnus of Bishop Vesey's Grammar School in Sutton Coldfield, Mansell was the 2004 EuroBOSS champion. He has not competed a full series championship since. Scott was a 2004 McLaren Autosport BRDC Award nominee, losing out to eventual winner Paul di Resta. He is not related to the 1992 Formula One world champion, Nigel Mansell. In 2009 he was the replacement for Duncan Tappy in the Superleague Formula for Galatasaray. This was his first race since the 2006 United States Grand Prix-supporting round of",
"psg_id": "13614141"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "needed to win and have Mansell finish no higher than fourth. After aiming for a third-place finish which would guarantee him the title, Mansell would narrowly miss out on winning it after his left-rear tyre exploded in spectacular fashion on the main straight with only 19 laps of the race to go. In a 2012 interview for Sky Sports Legends of F1 Mansell revealed that, had he hit the wall rather than wrestling the car safely to a halt in the run-off area at the end of the straight, the stewards would most likely have red flagged the race. As",
"psg_id": "1751016"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "and Opel cars. Prost was announced as the winner by the DTM organisers. Mansell became a financial stakeholder and a driver in the new Grand Prix Masters series. Following a period of testing and developing the car, Mansell made a successful race comeback by winning the inaugural race of the series in Kyalami in November 2005 (Mansell had won at the old Kyalami circuit in 1985 and had also won at the new circuit in 1992). After the success of the race at Kyalami, four dates were scheduled for the GP Masters Series in 2006, including one at Silverstone. Mansell",
"psg_id": "1751056"
},
{
"title": "1982 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1982 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1982 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season, the fourth in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 11 races, beginning in Avondale, Arizona on March 28 and concluding at the same location on November 6. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion was Rick Mears. Rookie of the Year was Bobby Rahal. Though it was not officially part of the CART calendar, most of the teams and drivers also competed at the USAC-sanctioned 66th Indianapolis 500. Gordon Johncock was victorious at Indy. Jim Hickman was fatally injured in",
"psg_id": "10070484"
},
{
"title": "1984 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1984 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1984 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season, the sixth in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 16 races, beginning in Long Beach, California on March 31 and concluding in Las Vegas, Nevada on November 10. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion was Mario Andretti and the Indianapolis 500 winner was Rick Mears. Rookie of the Year was Roberto Guerrero. The 68th Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by the USAC, but counted in the CART points standings. The following teams and drivers competed for the 1984 PPG Indy",
"psg_id": "9133796"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans. Mansell was inducted to the International Motorsports Hall of Fame in 2005. He is the current president of one of the UK's largest Youth Work Charities, UK Youth. He is also President of the IAM (Institute of Advanced Motorists) and has been a Vice President of the British Racing and Sports Car Club since 1987. In September 2014, it was announced that Mansell would be opening a Mitsubishi franchise on Jersey later in the month. In September 2015 the organisers of the Mexican Grand Prix (which was returning to Formula One after a",
"psg_id": "1750994"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "to an uncompetitive car. Also exiting the sport were the King Racing team owned by drag racing legend Kenny Bernstein. A year later he would also pull the plug on his NASCAR Winston Cup operation; both were due to lack of competitiveness. 1994 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1994 PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 16th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 16 races. Al Unser, Jr. was the national champion, his second CART title, and the rookie of the year was Jacques Villeneuve. The 1994 Indianapolis 500",
"psg_id": "12606118"
},
{
"title": "1992 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "Temporary street circuit NC Non-championship event Note: Jovy Marcelo was killed in practice for the 1992 Indianapolis 500. He was 27 years old. 1992 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1992 PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 14th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART (d.b.a \"IndyCar\"). The season consisted of 16 races. Bobby Rahal was the national champion, his third career CART title. Stefan Johansson was named the Rookie of the Year. The 1992 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Al Unser, Jr. won the Indy",
"psg_id": "10079056"
},
{
"title": "1992 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1992 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1992 PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 14th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART (d.b.a \"IndyCar\"). The season consisted of 16 races. Bobby Rahal was the national champion, his third career CART title. Stefan Johansson was named the Rookie of the Year. The 1992 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Al Unser, Jr. won the Indy 500 in the closest finish in the history of that event. Starting in 1992, and continuing through 1996, the CART organization began operating",
"psg_id": "10079052"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series The 1994 PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 16th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 16 races. Al Unser, Jr. was the national champion, his second CART title, and the rookie of the year was Jacques Villeneuve. The 1994 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Al Unser, Jr. won the Indy 500 from the pole position, his second career victory in that event. Marlboro Team Penske dominated the 1994 CART season, winning 12 of 16 events",
"psg_id": "12606064"
},
{
"title": "1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "run on October 4. 1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 8th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 17 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Bobby Rahal was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Chip Robinson. The 1986 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Bobby Rahal won the Indy 500, and would later become the first driver since 1980 to win Indy and the CART championship in the same",
"psg_id": "10070526"
},
{
"title": "1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1986 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 8th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 17 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Bobby Rahal was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Chip Robinson. The 1986 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Bobby Rahal won the Indy 500, and would later become the first driver since 1980 to win Indy and the CART championship in the same season. The first two",
"psg_id": "10070521"
},
{
"title": "1980 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "had a 770 point lead over Tom Sneva, who had crashed out. Bobby Unser was third, 1406 points back, Gordon Johncock fourth, 1410 points back, and Pancho Carter fifth, 1662 points back. 1980 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1980 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the second in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing. It consisted of twelve races, beginning in Ontario, California on April 13 and concluding in Avondale, Arizona on November 8. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was Johnny Rutherford. Rookie of the Year was Dennis",
"psg_id": "10022444"
},
{
"title": "1980 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1980 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1980 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the second in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing. It consisted of twelve races, beginning in Ontario, California on April 13 and concluding in Avondale, Arizona on November 8. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion and Indianapolis 500 winner was Johnny Rutherford. Rookie of the Year was Dennis Firestone. The entire season, including the 64th Indianapolis 500, was to be co-sanctioned by both the USAC and CART under the banner of the Championship Racing League (CRL). However, USAC withdrew from",
"psg_id": "10022432"
},
{
"title": "1981 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "following teams and drivers competed for the 1981 CART World Series. - The Detroit News Grand Prix was supposed to run for 150 miles, but was shortened due to a scoring error. 1981 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1981 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season, the third in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 11 races, beginning in Avondale, Arizona on March 22 and concluding at the same location on October 31. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion was Rick Mears. Rookie of the Year was Bob Lazier. After the disagreement with",
"psg_id": "10070480"
},
{
"title": "1981 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1981 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1981 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season, the third in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 11 races, beginning in Avondale, Arizona on March 22 and concluding at the same location on October 31. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion was Rick Mears. Rookie of the Year was Bob Lazier. After the disagreement with the USAC during the previous season, the 65th Indianapolis 500 was not part of the Series, however no competing race was scheduled and most CART teams and drivers did take part. The",
"psg_id": "10070479"
},
{
"title": "1987 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "Rahal, who had won the exhibition Marlboro Challenge a day earlier, finished 7th. 1987 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1987 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 9th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 16 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Bobby Rahal was the national champion, winning his second-consecutive title. The rookie of the year was Fabrizio Barbazza. The 1987 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Al Unser, Sr. won the Indy 500, his record-tying fourth victory at Indy.",
"psg_id": "10070559"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Greg's World Series by Renault car at the Silverstone Circuit, setting a best time six seconds off the pace of the fastest driver in the session. Mansell took part in the last round of the 2009 Le Mans Series, the 1000 km of Silverstone, driving Team LNT's Ginetta-Zytek GZ09S alongside his son Greg and team boss Lawrence Tomlinson. Mansell raced a Ginetta-Zytek GZ09S in the 2010 24 Hours of Le Mans, alongside his two sons. According to the BBC, this was the first time a father has raced at Le Mans in the same car as his two sons. However,",
"psg_id": "1751059"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "third event at Imola meant he failed to qualify. Team leader Mario Andretti wrote his car off in a start-line accident during the Canadian Grand Prix at Montreal, so Mansell had to give up his car for Andretti to compete in for his home race, the final race of the season at Watkins Glen in the United States. Andretti announced he was leaving to move to Alfa Romeo at the end of the season leaving Lotus with a vacant race seat. Despite Mansell being unpopular with sponsor David Thieme of Essex Petroleum, and much speculation in the press that Jean-Pierre",
"psg_id": "1751001"
},
{
"title": "1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "teams and drivers competed for the 1990 Indy Car World Series. - The Toronto race was supposed to run 183 miles, but was shortened by rain. (R) Dedicated road course, (O) Oval/Speedway, (S) Temporary street circuit NC Non-championship event 1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 12th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 16 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Al Unser Jr. was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Eddie Cheever. The 1990 Indianapolis 500",
"psg_id": "9390248"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "Villeneuve's car. No drivers sustained injuries, but Matsushita complained about a sore shoulder. Another dangerous incident involved Mario and Michael Andretti. Mario's car was crashed on the backstretch, and as the field came by, Michael slowed and clipped another car. This broke off his left front wheel, which bounced over the nose cone into Scott Goodyear's car on Michael's right and into the air to land in a spectator area. Amazingly, after two potentially fatal incidents, no injuries were reported. Emerson Fittipaldi scored the win ahead of Al Unser, Jr.. Third place Nigel Mansell was one lap down with Johansson",
"psg_id": "12606075"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "had resigned from his job as an aerospace engineer, having previously sold most of his personal belongings to finance his foray into Formula Ford. Later that year he was given the chance to race a Lola T570 Formula 3 car at Silverstone. He finished fourth and decided that he was ready to move into the higher formula. Mansell raced in Formula Three in 1978–1980. Mansell's first season in Formula Three started with a pole position and a second-place finish. However, the car was not competitive, as a commercial deal with Unipart required his team to use Triumph Dolomite engines that",
"psg_id": "1750997"
},
{
"title": "1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "exists. 1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 7th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 15 races. Al Unser, Sr. was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Arie Luyendyk. The 1985 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Danny Sullivan won the Indy 500, in dramatic fashion, a race that became known as the \"Spin and Win.\" In the fall of 1984, Rick Mears suffered serious leg injuries in a",
"psg_id": "10070509"
},
{
"title": "1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1985 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 7th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 15 races. Al Unser, Sr. was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Arie Luyendyk. The 1985 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Danny Sullivan won the Indy 500, in dramatic fashion, a race that became known as the \"Spin and Win.\" In the fall of 1984, Rick Mears suffered serious leg injuries in a crash",
"psg_id": "10070500"
},
{
"title": "1983 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1983 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1983 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 5th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 13 races. Al Unser, Sr. was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Teo Fabi. The 1983 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but an arrangement was made such that it counted towards the CART points championship. Tom Sneva won the Indy 500, after three previous runner-up finishes. Al Unser, Sr. jumped out to the early points lead, with second-place finishes in the",
"psg_id": "10070488"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "until Paul Tracy took it from him on the outside in Turn 3. Tracy was looking for redemption; he was now leading the race he nearly won the year before when he lost a duel with Nigel Mansell in the waning laps. Emerson soon lost second to Raul Boesel, and third to Nigel Mansell, and pitted several laps early to correct quite evident handling woes. Point leader Al Unser, Jr., who started tenth, was climbing through the field. He was in the Top 5 by Lap 50. At Lap 69 Unser was side by side with his teammate at the",
"psg_id": "12606101"
},
{
"title": "1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1990 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 12th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 16 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Al Unser Jr. was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Eddie Cheever. The 1990 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Arie Luyendyk won the Indy 500, his first-ever victory in championship-level competition, and the fastest 500 until the 2013 Indianapolis 500. Al Unser Jr. won a total of",
"psg_id": "9390244"
},
{
"title": "1991 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1991 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1991 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 13th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 17 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Michael Andretti was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was his younger brother Jeff Andretti. The 1991 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Rick Mears won the Indy 500, his record-tying fourth victory in the event. Michael Andretti won a total of eight races, eight pole positions, and led",
"psg_id": "12713130"
},
{
"title": "1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 11th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 15 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Emerson Fittipaldi was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Bernard Jourdain. Fittipaldi became the second driver after Mario Andretti to win the Formula One World Championship and the CART championship. The 1989 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted towards the CART points championship. Emerson Fittipaldi won the Indy 500, and would later become",
"psg_id": "10073949"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "surprise win at the 1982 Austrian Grand Prix, and was frequently faster than his less-experienced colleague Mansell. During the season, Mansell planned to race in the 24 Hours of Le Mans sportscar event in order to earn extra money. At the time Mansell was paid £50,000 a year and was offered £10,000 to take part in Le Mans. Chapman believed that by entering the Le Mans race, Mansell was exposing himself to unnecessary risk and paid him £10,000 to not take part in the race. Chapman extended Mansell's contract to the end of the season in a deal that made",
"psg_id": "1751003"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "the race was over two thirds distance, he would have kept his position and won his first F1 world title. Instead Mansell ended the season as runner-up to Alain Prost. His efforts in 1986 led to his being voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year. 1986 proved to be a tough year for both Mansell and the Williams team, off the track at least. After a pre-season test session at the Paul Ricard Circuit in the south of France, team owner Frank Williams was involved in a horrific road accident which left him a tetraplegic. Williams would not return",
"psg_id": "1751017"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "engine. While still in the lead, Robby suffered a burst left rear tyre in Turn One, handing the lead to Mansell on Lap 13. On Lap 26 Michael Andretti seized the moment and pounced on Nigel in Turn 8. Mansell immediately slowed, as his right rear was flat. He later parked the car with handling issues. On Lap 69 Adrian Fernandez tried an unsuccessful pass on the inside of Willy T. Ribbs, the two touching in Turn 3 and collecting Maurício Gugelmin who tried to sneak past on the outside. Mario Andretti easily passed by on the inside, where there",
"psg_id": "12606090"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "to the scene until making a surprise appearance at the British Grand Prix at Brands Hatch where Mansell and Piquet finished 1–2. Williams's absence from the day-to-day running of the team actually created tension between the team and engine supplier Honda. The Japanese giant regarded dual World Champion Nelson Piquet as the team's number one driver (they were reportedly paying the bulk of Piquet's multimillion-dollar retainer) and were reportedly unhappy that the team's co-owner and Technical Director Patrick Head did not rein in Mansell during races and allowed him to take both points and wins from Piquet. As it was,",
"psg_id": "1751018"
},
{
"title": "Greg Mansell",
"text": "Greg Mansell Greg Mansell (born 8 November 1987 on the Isle of Man) is a British racing driver and road cyclist, currently racing in cycling's Halfords Tour Series, having previously competed in motorsports Formula Renault 3.5 Series. He is the son of Formula One world champion, Nigel Mansell, and younger brother of fellow racing driver Leo Mansell. Greg and his older brother raced in the same series until 2009, starting with Karting in 2005. The brothers moved into single-seater racing in 2006, in the Formula BMW UK series. In Formula BMW, the brothers disappointed, however, with Greg managing just 24",
"psg_id": "9060548"
},
{
"title": "Leo Mansell",
"text": "Leo Mansell Leo Mansell (born 4 January 1985 on the Isle of Man) is a British racing driver. He is the son of 1992 Formula One world champion, Nigel Mansell, and elder brother of fellow racing driver Greg Mansell. Leo and his younger brother have always raced in the same series, starting with Karting in 2000. The brothers ascended through the Karting ranks, and moved into single-seater racing in 2006, in the Formula BMW UK series. The pair were granted drives in the finale of the 2006 British Formula Three Championship at Thruxton, driving for the Fortec Motorsport team, in",
"psg_id": "9065429"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "by James Thompson, Mansell raced with the red number 55. At his first event at Donington Park, he retired three laps into the sprint race, meaning he would start the feature race in 19th position on the grid. As the conditions changed and the track became wetter, Mansell found himself leading the race for several laps, and he finished in fifth position. The race was regarded by many fans as one of the greatest in touring car history. It was to be his best finish in the series, as he failed to finish either race at the next round he",
"psg_id": "1751054"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "11th round of that season, where his second-place finish clinched the Drivers' Championship, securing the title in the least number of Grands Prix since the 16-race season format started. Mansell also set the then-record for the most number of wins in one season (9); both records stood until broken by Schumacher in 2002. He managed 14 pole positions that year, a record only broken by Sebastian Vettel in 2011 in the Brazilian Grand Prix on 26 November. He also held the record for the most races before becoming World Champion with 180 races; this record was broken by Nico Rosberg",
"psg_id": "1751038"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "whose rivalry with the Brazilian was just as intense as the one he had with Mansell, had a clause written into his contract which enabled him to block Senna's effort). Williams decided that there was little sense in paying the high fees Mansell went on to demand. With the original offer revoked, and with the premiere teams already committed to their incumbent drivers, Mansell decided to move on. An 11th hour offer was made to him at the Italian Grand Prix, but by then the damage was done; Mansell retired from F1. Mansell then signed with Newman/Haas Racing to pair",
"psg_id": "1751042"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "this in the year when, as near as can be reasonably achieved, the two drivers were given equal equipment and treatment.\" De Angelis was then promoted back to outright number one for the 1983 season. This was demonstrated by the fact that he had exclusive use of the quick but unreliable Renault turbo-charged 93T for the whole season, and Mansell did not get to drive a turbocharged car until the ninth round, the British Grand Prix at Silverstone, a race where he climbed from 16th to second and eventually finished fourth in a brand-new, hastily designed 94T. Due to their",
"psg_id": "1751006"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "they needed Mansell. The 40-year-old was not as quick as Damon Hill in race trim but signs that his speeds were coming back were evident in Japan during a fantastic battle with the Ferrari of Jean Alesi. Mansell took his final Grand Prix victory in Adelaide, the last race of the season, having out-qualified the two title contenders at the time, Damon Hill and Michael Schumacher, in the process (helped out by the second qualifying session being held on a wet track, with the times from the first session making up the grid). The plan initially was for Mansell to",
"psg_id": "1751049"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "tumultuous relationship and a lack of decent results, Warr was not keen on honouring the last year of the contract that Mansell had signed with Chapman. However, with encouragement from Lotus's sponsors, John Player Special (who allegedly preferred a British driver), and with the only other top British driver (Derek Warwick) already confirmed to be joining the factory Renault team, it was announced Mansell would be staying with the team. In 1984, Mansell finished in the championship top 10 for the first time, and took his first career pole position but still finished behind teammate de Angelis, who finished third,",
"psg_id": "1751007"
},
{
"title": "1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "to rain. (R) Dedicated road course, (O) Oval/Speedway, (S) Temporary street circuit NC Non-championship event 1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1989 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season was the 11th national championship season of American open wheel racing sanctioned by CART. The season consisted of 15 races, and one non-points exhibition event. Emerson Fittipaldi was the national champion, and the rookie of the year was Bernard Jourdain. Fittipaldi became the second driver after Mario Andretti to win the Formula One World Championship and the CART championship. The 1989 Indianapolis 500 was sanctioned by USAC, but counted",
"psg_id": "10073953"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "third time. Piquet called his win over Mansell \"a win of intelligence over stupidity\". The Brazilian also added that he won because he was more consistent than his teammate, racking up points and podiums where Mansell often ran into trouble. Piquet's was a percentage driving policy which worked well in the ultra-competitive Williams-Honda, whereas Mansell was a hard charger who many felt often pushed his luck too far. In , for the first time in his career, Mansell was a team's first driver, having won more races in the previous two seasons than any other driver. However Williams lost the",
"psg_id": "1751021"
},
{
"title": "1984 CART PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "Car World Series. Number in parenesis ( ) is the number used at Indianapolis only. <nowiki>*</nowiki>The Detroit News Grand Prix was scheduled to be held on September 23, but postponed a day by rain. Best result in each race counts towards the nation's cup. 1984 CART PPG Indy Car World Series The 1984 CART PPG Indy Car World Series season, the sixth in the CART era of U.S. open-wheel racing, consisted of 16 races, beginning in Long Beach, California on March 31 and concluding in Las Vegas, Nevada on November 10. The PPG Indy Car World Series Drivers' Champion was",
"psg_id": "9133797"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Mansell has been associated with the number 5 for many years. This began when he joined Williams in 1985 and was allocated car number 5, as at the time Formula One racing numbers were allocated by constructor and Williams received numbers 5 and 6. For the first four races of the 1985 season, both Williams cars had white numbers, but from a distance the numerals \"5\" and \"6\" resembled each other. As a consequence, it was decided to give Mansell's car a red number to make it more distinctive. While this was initially just for recognition, BBC F1 commentator Murray",
"psg_id": "1751065"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Drivers of All Time\" list. He was also ranked No. 9 of the 50 greatest F1 drivers of all time by the Times Online on a list that also included such drivers as Prost, Senna, Jackie Stewart and Jim Clark. Mansell raced in the Grand Prix Masters series in 2005, and won the championship title. He later signed a one-off race deal for the Scuderia Ecosse GT race team to drive their number 63 Ferrari F430 GT2 car at Silverstone on 6 May 2007. He has since competed in additional sports car races with his sons Leo and Greg, including",
"psg_id": "1750993"
},
{
"title": "1994 PPG Indy Car World Series",
"text": "doing so in 1990 at Toronto, Michigan, Denver, and Vancouver. He also won the championship that year, and he was in prime position to win the title again. Nigel Mansell was on pole, and led the first lap. In Turn 3 Mike Groff slid off the course into the tyre barrier. He continued, but retired after seven laps, as did Raul Boesel due to engine failure. Late in Lap 2, Al Jr took the lead from Mansell entering Turn 13. On Lap 21 Dominic Dobson spun in Turn 1, collecting Alessandro Zampedri who was directly behind him. Mario Andretti spun",
"psg_id": "12606081"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "Mansell's courage in trying to push his Lotus to the finish in the extreme heat). Other factors were what Rosberg later said in a 1986 interview was second-hand information about Mansell which ultimately proved to be false. The drivers found they got along well and from early in the pre-season formed a good working and personal relationship. 1985 initially appeared to provide more of the same for Mansell, although he was closer to the pace than before, especially as the Honda engines became more competitive by mid-season. During practice for the 1985 French Grand Prix, Mansell unwillingly broke the record",
"psg_id": "1751012"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "time Mansell was bobbing from side to side in Berger's mirrors. Heading into one of the quickest corners on the calendar at the time, where the Ferraris had registered forces of 4.7g during practice, Mansell launched to the outside of Berger and flashed past to take second place. Mansell scored only a single win, at the 1990 Portuguese Grand Prix, and finished a thrilling second to Nelson Piquet in Australia, and finished fifth in the World Championship. His retirement plans were halted when Frank Williams again stepped in. Williams signed Mansell on 1 October 1990 after Mansell was assured the",
"psg_id": "1751031"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "in the championship. At the 1984 Monaco Grand Prix Mansell surprised many by overtaking Alain Prost in a wet race for the lead, but soon after retired from the race after losing control on the slippery painted lines on the road surface on the run up the hill on lap 15. Late in the season, Lotus announced the recruitment of Ayrton Senna for the following year, leaving Mansell with no race seat at Lotus. After receiving offers from Arrows and Williams, and first turning down Williams's offer, it was announced before the Dutch Grand Prix that he would indeed be",
"psg_id": "1751008"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "of legal action. Mansell won five Grand Prix in 1986 and also played a part in one of the closest finishes in Formula One history, finishing second to Ayrton Senna in the Spanish Grand Prix at Jerez by a mere 0.014 seconds (Mansell later jokingly said they should give himself and Senna 7½ points each). The 1986 season was led mostly by Mansell in championship points, and it went down to the wire in Adelaide, Australia for the Australian Grand Prix with Prost, Piquet and Mansell all still in contention for the title. The equation was simple, Prost and Piquet",
"psg_id": "1751015"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "of the season. This, combined with the fact that Frenchman Prost was not only a triple World Champion and the winner of more Grands Prix than anyone in history, but also spoke fluent Italian, whereas Mansell's Italian was only conversational at best, gave Prost greater influence within the Maranello-based team. According to Prost, Mansell only attended two or three mechanical briefings throughout the season, preferring playing golf. One notable highlight of the season was a daring pass on Gerhard Berger around the daunting high speed Peraltada corner that was later renamed in his honour. Approaching the corner for the penultimate",
"psg_id": "1751030"
},
{
"title": "Greg Mansell",
"text": "of Le Mans. At the 8 Hours of Castellet they finished 9th overall (8th in LMP1), but their Le Mans effort was cut short due to a tyre failure and crash by Nigel early in the event. But the comeback was set and the brothers won their first race back in the car at Hungary 1000 km finishing 1st in LMP1. Having competed in swimming since 2006, Mansell started competing in cycling at the start of the 2011 season, taking his first ever win at the Mountbatten Circuit Race in Swinemouth earlier that year. He competed in the 2011 Halfords",
"psg_id": "9060551"
},
{
"title": "Nigel Mansell",
"text": "was infamously replaced by Frenchman Jean-Louis Schlesser. By missing the Italian Grand Prix at Monza, Mansell missed the traditional welcome by the Tifosi for a newly signed Ferrari driver after he had announced he would be leaving Williams to join the Maranello-based team for . In preparation for the season, Mansell became the last Ferrari driver to be personally selected by Enzo Ferrari before his death in August 1988, an honour Mansell described as \"one of the greatest in my entire career\". Enzo Ferrari presented a 1989 Ferrari F40 as a gift to Mansell. In Italy he became known as",
"psg_id": "1751024"
}
] | [
"1993",
"one thousand, nine hundred and ninety-three"
] |
thomas marshal was vice president to which us president? | [
{
"title": "Vice President of the United States",
"text": "However, until 1919, vice presidents were not included in meetings of the President's Cabinet. This precedent was broken by President Woodrow Wilson when he asked Thomas R. Marshall to preside over Cabinet meetings while Wilson was in France negotiating the Treaty of Versailles. President Warren G. Harding also invited his vice president, Calvin Coolidge, to meetings. The next vice president, Charles G. Dawes, did not seek to attend Cabinet meetings under President Coolidge, declaring that \"the precedent might prove injurious to the country.\" Vice President Charles Curtis was also precluded from attending by President Herbert Hoover. In 1933, Franklin D.",
"psg_id": "449718"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "specific business divisions (\"e.g.\", Vice President for Legal, Vice President for Sales and Marketing, Vice President for Finance, or Vice President for Human Resources). When there are several vice presidents in a company, these individuals are sometimes differentiated with titles denoting higher positions such as executive vice president and/or senior vice president with the remaining management team holding the title vice president. The title of assistant vice president or associate vice president is used in large organizations below vice president and there can be a very convoluted list of other types of VPs as seen in the next section. As",
"psg_id": "626653"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "Vice president A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company. The name comes from the Latin \"vice\" meaning \"in place of\". In some countries, the vice president is called the \"deputy president\". In everyday speech, the abbreviation \"VP\" can be used. In government, a vice president is a person whose primary responsibility is to act",
"psg_id": "626649"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "clubs) one or multiple vice presidents are elected by the members of the organization. When multiple vice presidents are elected, the positions are usually numbered to prevent confusion as to who may preside or succeed to the office of president upon vacancy of that office (for example: 1st vice president, 2nd vice president, and so on). In some cases vice presidents are given titles due to their specific responsibilities, for example: Vice President of Operations, Finance, etc. In some associations the first vice president can be interchangeable with executive vice president and the remaining vice presidents are ranked in order",
"psg_id": "626657"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "club specifically provide of the Officer title of President-Elect, that officer would assume the powers and duties of the president upon vacancy of that office only if specified in the bylaws. Vice president A vice president (in British English: vice-president for governments and director for businesses) is an officer in government or business who is below a president (managing director) in rank. It can also refer to executive vice presidents, signifying that the vice president is on the executive branch of the government, university or company. The name comes from the Latin \"vice\" meaning \"in place of\". In some countries,",
"psg_id": "626659"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "in place of the president on the event of the president's death, resignation or incapacity. Vice presidents are either elected jointly with the president as their running mate, or more rarely, appointed independently after the president's election. Most governments with vice presidents have one person in this role at any time, although in some countries there are two or more vice presidents–an extreme case being Iran's 12 vice presidents. If the president is not present, dies, resigns, or is otherwise unable to fulfill their duties, the vice president will generally serve as president. In many presidential systems, the vice president",
"psg_id": "626650"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of the Philippines",
"text": "serving more than two consecutive terms. The Vice President is first in the presidential line of succession. The Constitution provides several circumstances where the Vice President (or the Vice President-elect) shall assume the Presidency or serve as acting President. There has been four cases where the Vice President has assumed the Presidency, three of which because of the President's death, and one because of the President's resignation: The Vice President is paid ₱353,476 (approximately US$7,080) per month and ₱ 4,241,640 per annum as of July 1 2016 by virtue of Executive Order No. 201 series of 2016 as authorized by",
"psg_id": "5588585"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "of their seniority. The primary responsibility of the vice president of a club or organization is to be prepared to assume the powers and duties of the office of the president in the case of a vacancy in that office. If the office of President becomes vacant, the vice president (or in clubs with multiple vice presidents, the VP that occupies the highest-ranking office), will assume the office of president, with the lower vice presidents to fill in the remaining vice presidencies, leaving the lowest vice presidency to be filled by either election or appointment. If the bylaws of a",
"psg_id": "626658"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "does not wield much day-to-day political power, but is still considered an important member of the cabinet. Several vice presidents in the Americas hold the position of President of the Senate; this is the case, for example, in Argentina, the United States, and Uruguay. The vice president sometimes assumes some of the ceremonial duties of the president, such as attending functions and events that the actual president may be too busy to attend; the Vice President of the United States, for example, often attends funerals of world leaders on behalf of the president. In parliamentary or semi-presidential systems, a Vice",
"psg_id": "626651"
},
{
"title": "The Vice President",
"text": "The Vice President The Vice President is a mountain on \"The President/Vice President Massif\" just North of Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park, near the Alpine Club of Canada's Stanley Mitchell hut. The Vice President was named \"Mount McNicoll\" in 1904 by Edward Whymper after David McNicoll, the VP of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1907, the mountain was renamed by the Alpine Club of Canada, after it was discovered that the name had already been used on a mountain near Rogers Pass. There appears to be only one route up the Vice President—up the President glacier to the col,",
"psg_id": "8496165"
},
{
"title": "George Clinton (vice president)",
"text": "their candidate for vice president. While the Republicans joined in the general acclamation of Washington for a second term as president, they objected to the allegedly \"monarchical\" attitude of Vice President Adams. Clinton was nominated rather than Thomas Jefferson because the Virginia electors could not vote for Washington, and for a second Virginian. Clinton received 50 electoral votes to 77 for Adams. His candidacy was damaged by his anti-Federalist record and by his narrow and disputed re-election as governor in 1792. (He won by only 108 votes, and the substantial anti-Clinton vote of Otsego County was excluded on a technicality.)",
"psg_id": "1311109"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Egypt",
"text": "Vice-President was briefly restored by Acting President Adly Mansour, who appointed Mohamed ElBaradei to the post of Acting Vice-President on 7 July 2013. He was sworn in on 14 July. On 14 August 2013, following a violent crackdown by security forces on supporters of deposed President Morsi, in which more than 800 people were killed, ElBaradei resigned as Acting Vice President. Much like the 2012 Constitution, the 2014 Constitution does not include the position of Vice-President. With the adoption of the 2014 Constitution, the office of Vice-President was abolished again. Mohamed ElBaradei was the last person to hold the office",
"psg_id": "12783914"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Indonesia",
"text": "Resolution of 1973 MPR: The Vice-Presidential candidate has to make a statement in writing which declares that he is able to work together with the President. The 1945 Constitution: Together with the President, the Vice-President is elected by the MPR with the largest number of votes. The Vice-President-elect is also required to read either an oath or a promise of office before officially becoming Vice-President. The term of office is Five years and after that the Vice-President can be re-elected again. The Provisional Constitution: Together with the President, the Vice-President is elected according to rules specified by laws. The Vice-President-elect",
"psg_id": "10421840"
},
{
"title": "George Clinton (vice president)",
"text": "President Thomas Jefferson dumped Aaron Burr from the ticket. Clinton sought his party's presidential nomination in the 1808 election, but the party's congressional nominating caucus instead nominated James Madison. Despite his opposition to Madison, Clinton was re-elected as vice president. Clinton died in 1812, leaving the office of vice president vacant for the first time in U.S history. Clinton's nephew, DeWitt Clinton, continued the Clinton New York political dynasty after his uncle's death. Clinton was born in 1729 in Little Britain, New York. His parents were Colonel Charles Clinton and Elizabeth Denniston Clinton, Presbyterian immigrants who had left County Longford,",
"psg_id": "1311099"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of the United States",
"text": "do neither good nor evil, I must be borne away by others and met the common fate.\" John Nance Garner, who served as vice president from 1933 to 1941 under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, claimed that the vice presidency \"isn't worth a pitcher of warm piss.\" Harry Truman, who also served as vice president under Roosevelt, said that the office was as \"useful as a cow's fifth teat.\" Thomas R. Marshall, the 28th vice president, lamented: \"Once there were two brothers. One ran away to sea; the other was elected Vice President of the United States. And nothing was heard",
"psg_id": "449714"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Liberia",
"text": "Vice President of Liberia The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only two elected executive offices along with the President. The Vice President is elected on the same ticket with the president to a six-year term. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the president, the Vice President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds for the remainder of their predecessor's term. The Vice President also serves as the President of the Senate and may cast a vote in the event of a tie.",
"psg_id": "7020904"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "President may coexist with a Prime Minister, as is the case in India and Namibia, but the presence of both offices concurrently is rare. In business, \"vice president\" refers to hierarchical position that ranges from extremely senior positions directly reporting to C-level executives (in non-financial companies), to junior non-management positions with 4-10 years of experience (in financial companies). In non-financial businesses, vice presidents often report directly to the president or CEO of the company and is a member of the executive management team. Some corporations that use this term may have individuals with the title of vice president responsible for",
"psg_id": "626652"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Mauritius",
"text": "Vice-President of Mauritius The Vice-President of the Republic of Mauritius () is the second-highest office of the Republic of Mauritius. Because Mauritius is a parliamentary republic, the Vice-President functions as a ceremonial figurehead, elected by the National Assembly, as set out by the Constitution of Mauritius. The current Vice-President is Barlen Vyapoory; he took office on 29 March 2016. In the event of the death, resignation or removal of the President, the Vice-President ascends to the presidency, which he or she holds as acting President. The Vice-President nevertheless cannot succeed to the presidency in case of dismissal, resignation or death",
"psg_id": "11857553"
},
{
"title": "The Vice President",
"text": "then up a snow slope to the ridge, then to the peak. The Vice President The Vice President is a mountain on \"The President/Vice President Massif\" just North of Emerald Lake in Yoho National Park, near the Alpine Club of Canada's Stanley Mitchell hut. The Vice President was named \"Mount McNicoll\" in 1904 by Edward Whymper after David McNicoll, the VP of the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1907, the mountain was renamed by the Alpine Club of Canada, after it was discovered that the name had already been used on a mountain near Rogers Pass. There appears to be only",
"psg_id": "8496166"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Suriname",
"text": "Vice President of Suriname Vice President of Suriname () is the second-highest political position in Suriname, after the President. The President and the Vice President are elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms. The position of Vice President was created in the Constitution of 1987, when the position of Prime Minister of Suriname was abolished. The Vice President is charged with the day-to-day management of the Council of Ministers and is responsible to the President. Ashwin Adhin has been the incumbent Vice President of Suriname since August 12, 2015. The powers of the President are exercised by the Vice-President:",
"psg_id": "13099674"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Suriname",
"text": "Vice President of Suriname Vice President of Suriname () is the second-highest political position in Suriname, after the President. The President and the Vice President are elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms. The position of Vice President was created in the Constitution of 1987, when the position of Prime Minister of Suriname was abolished. The Vice President is charged with the day-to-day management of the Council of Ministers and is responsible to the President. Ashwin Adhin has been the incumbent Vice President of Suriname since August 12, 2015. The powers of the President are exercised by the Vice-President:",
"psg_id": "13099673"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Colombia",
"text": "Vice President of Colombia The Vice President of Colombia is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of Colombia upon leave of absence or death, resignation, or removal of the president, as designated by the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which also reinstated the vice president figure after almost a century of being abolished during the presidency of Rafael Núñez. The vice president cannot assume presidential functions on temporary absences of the president such as official trips abroad or vacations. In these cases, the president delegates functions to a cabinet member, usually the Minister of the",
"psg_id": "9796456"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of India",
"text": "of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States), which is currently Rs. 4,00,000 per month. In addition, he or she is entitled to a daily allowance, free furnished residence, medical, travel and other facilities. The constitution provides that when the \"ex officio\" Vice-President acts as the President or discharges the duties of the President, he or she is entitled to the salary and privileges of the President. The pension for the Vice-President is 50% of the salary. Vice President of India The Vice-President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in India after the President. Article 63 of Indian Constitution states",
"psg_id": "3022240"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Yemen",
"text": "was created in 1977. Vice President of Yemen The Vice President of the Republic of Yemen is the second highest political position in Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the Vice President is appointed by the President, and acts as constitutional successor of the President in case of a vacancy. The Vice President assists the President in his duties. The President may delegate some of his functions to the Vice President. The position of the Vice President of Yemen is currently occupied by Yemen Army general Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar since 4 April 2016, after being appointed by the President Abdrabbuh",
"psg_id": "16423376"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Iraq",
"text": "Iraq which deemed their abolition unconstitutional. The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President. Vice President of Iraq Iraq has three vice presidents or deputy presidents, although a debate is ongoing about a political reform to abolish their posts. The office of Vice-President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its \"Transitional Guidelines,\" creates a three-member Presidency (or",
"psg_id": "7857184"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Russia",
"text": "elected vice president. The vice president shall not be people's deputy, or hold any other offices in state or public bodies as well as in businesses. The vice president was elected simultaneously with the president. A candidate for vice president was nominated by a candidate for president. The vice president executed individual assignments on a commission of the president and acted for the president in his absence or in case when it would be impossible for the president to attend to his duties. Following 1993 Russian constitutional crisis the office was abolished. The position of the Prime Minister of Russia",
"psg_id": "11934310"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Bolivia",
"text": "Presidency. The unconstitutional government of Carlos Quintanilla amended the Constitution removing the position of Vice President, by a simple decree. This made that Enrique Peñaranda was elected without a Vice President. This lasted until 1945 when the Congress appointed Julián Montellano as Vice President of Gualberto Villarroel. Vice President of Bolivia The Vice President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia () or Vice President of Bolivia (), is the second highest political position in Bolivia. The Vice President replaces the President in his definitive absence or others impediment and is the President of the Legislative Assembly. The first Vice President",
"psg_id": "7939631"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Azerbaijan",
"text": "Vice President of Azerbaijan The Vice-President of Azerbaijan is the second-highest constitutional office in Azerbaijan, after the President. The first Vice-President is First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva. The office was established through a constitutional amendment that was approved by voters during a referendum on 26 September 2016.The amendment gives the president the power to appoint or dismiss the First Vice-President and Vice-Presidents of the Republic of Azerbaijan. The Vice-President will become acting president if the president resigns or is incapacitated. Prior to the position being established, those duties devolved to the prime minister, who is now second in line after the",
"psg_id": "20028847"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Zambia",
"text": "the Vice-President. The Vice-President also heads the Office of the Vice-President, a government ministry. Vice-President of Zambia The Vice-President of Zambia is the second highest position in the executive branch of the Republic of Zambia. The Vice-President was previously appointed by the President before the amendment of the Constitution. Under the amended Constitution, when a sitting President dies, resigns or is removed from office, the Vice-President automatically assumes the presidency, unlike when the Constitution demanded holding of presidential by-election within 90 days. This is so because now every presidential candidate shall pick a running mate for Vice-President and the two",
"psg_id": "10731641"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of the United States",
"text": "the election of 1796, Federalist John Adams won the presidency, but his bitter rival, Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson came second and became vice president. Thus, the president and vice president were from opposing parties; and Jefferson used the vice presidency to frustrate the president's policies. Then, four years later, in the election of 1800, Jefferson, and fellow Democratic-Republican Aaron Burr each received 73 electoral votes. In the contingent election that followed, Jefferson finally won on the 36th ballot, and Burr became vice president. Afterward, the system was overhauled through the Twelfth Amendment in time to be used in the 1804 election.",
"psg_id": "449666"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Bolivia",
"text": "Vice President of Bolivia The Vice President of the Plurinational State of Bolivia () or Vice President of Bolivia (), is the second highest political position in Bolivia. The Vice President replaces the President in his definitive absence or others impediment and is the President of the Legislative Assembly. The first Vice President of Bolivia was José Ramón de Loayza, elected by President Pedro Blanco and by the Conventional Assembly in 1828. The Constitution of 1839 eliminated the Vice President position, a situation that lasted until 1878, when a new Constitution under Hilarión Daza reincorporated the Vice President position, but",
"psg_id": "7939629"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Abkhazia",
"text": "Vice President. The Vice President shall not be member of the Parliament, or hold any other offices in state or public bodies as well as in businesses. The Vice President is elected simultaneously with the President. A candidate for Vice President is nominated by a candidate for President. The Vice-President executes individual assignments on a commission of the President and acts for the President in his absence or in case when it is impossible for the President to attend to his duties. On 25 December 2013, Mikhail Logua announced his resignation as Vice President for health reasons. Vice President of",
"psg_id": "9588979"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "official corporate officer. Depending on the specific organization, the following may be an example of the hierarchy of the vice presidents: This comparison is not strictly correct, as \"director\" is a legal term, meaning someone registered with the relevant country's company registrar (or simply named in the legal documents, for countries not having company registration) as having managerial control of the company, and having legal responsibility for its operation, whilst a vice president does not. In either case the responsibilities may be overall to the company, a region (US, EMEA, CEE...), business unit or function such as Sales, Marketing, IT",
"psg_id": "626655"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Gabon",
"text": "Vice President was abolished and its functions were given to the Prime Minister. The position of Vice President was restored in 1997 as a position appointed by the President of Gabon. The Vice President acted as the President's deputy, but was not the constitutional successor of the President in the event of a vacancy in the latter office. President Ali Bongo Ondimba abolished the office in October 2009. Vice President of Gabon Vice President of Gabon is a political position in Gabon. It existed from 1961 to 1975 and from 1997 to 2009, and since 2017 the post has been",
"psg_id": "11858318"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Afghanistan",
"text": "Vice President of Afghanistan The Vice President of Afghanistan is the second highest political position obtainable in Afghanistan. Vice Presidents are currently elected on the same ticket as the President. A Presidential candidate nominates two candidates for Vice President before the election. The current Vice Presidents are Abdul Rashid Dostum (First Vice President) and Sarwar Danish (Second Vice President). The deputy head of state was the Vice Chairman of the Revolutionary Council between April 1978 and April 1988. Vice presidents were appointed after the new constitution and elections took place. Four vice presidents were appointed by president and approved by",
"psg_id": "9917180"
},
{
"title": "Vice President Edict No.X",
"text": "Vice President Edict No.X Vice President Edict No. X (Indonesia) was a Vice-Presidential Edict released by the in illo tempore Vice President of Indonesia, M. Hatta which gave over the Central Indonesian National Committee (\"Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat\" or KNIP), formerly a provisional body of government assistance, to become a legislative body of the government. The edict itself is a final result gained after the 1st KNIP Plenum, 16 October 1945. The result of the Plenum was a proposal to the President for an approval for the KNIP to become a legislative chamber, functioning until the MPR (People's Consultative Assembly)",
"psg_id": "14331720"
},
{
"title": "Vice President Edict No.X",
"text": "Anyway, yet to come is that this edict might have been the first step which started to shift the presidential government to become more parliamentary, in which in the 1950s result is a fine Liberal Democracy system of Semi-Presidential government, which many press have dubbed as 'the golden age of Indonesian government' (1950–1959). Vice President Edict No.X Vice President Edict No. X (Indonesia) was a Vice-Presidential Edict released by the in illo tempore Vice President of Indonesia, M. Hatta which gave over the Central Indonesian National Committee (\"Komite Nasional Indonesia Pusat\" or KNIP), formerly a provisional body of government assistance,",
"psg_id": "14331722"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Vietnam",
"text": "in certain cases, the Vice President can be empowered by the president to replace him in the discharge of some of his duties. If the president can't discharge of his duties, the Vice President becomes acting president (Tôn Đức Thắng and Nguyễn Hữu Thọ were both acting presidents for a short period). In case of vacancy, the vice president will remain acting president until the National Assembly elects a new president. While the office of Vice President was first mentioned in the 1946 constitution, Tôn Đức Thắng became the first Vice President of Vietnam in 1960. The 1980 constitution renamed",
"psg_id": "13621375"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Fiji",
"text": "Vice-President of Fiji The position of the Vice-President of the Republic of Fiji was created in 1990, to provide a constitutional successor to the President of Fiji, in the event of the latter's death or resignation, or of his otherwise being unable to carry out his duties. The Vice-President's role in government was mostly ceremonial. Under the terms the 1990 Constitution of Fiji, the Vice-Presidential office was divided between two persons, styled First Vice-President and Second Vice-President, respectively, but a single person has held the office of Vice-President from 1999, when the 1997 Constitution of Fiji came into effect. Under",
"psg_id": "3729529"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of South Sudan",
"text": "new position of 'First Vice President' was established alongside the pre-existing positions of President of South Sudan and Vice President of South Sudan, with the incumbents in both these positions continuing in office. Unlike the positions of President and Vice President which are permanent features of the Constitution the office of First Vice President will cease to exist following the end of the transitional period stipulated in the ARCSS unless otherwise decided in the permanent Constitution. Colour key (for political parties): Vice President of South Sudan The Vice President of South Sudan is the second highest political position obtainable in",
"psg_id": "15746518"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Uruguay",
"text": "Vice President of Uruguay The Vice President of Uruguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The Vice President replaces the elected President in case of his death or absence. As long as the President is in his functions, the Vice President is the president of the Chamber of Senators and of the General Assembly. The position of Vice-President of the Republic was established in the Constitution of 1934. Previously the President of the Senate assumed the Presidency in case of vacancy of the President. The",
"psg_id": "6030259"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Bolivia",
"text": "no Vice Presidents were elected until 1880. The Constitution of 1880 incorporated the figure of two Vice Presidents, who were elected like the President by direct vote, but with different powers: The First Vice President presided over the Senate and was empowered to replace or succeed the President, The Second Vice President only had the function of replacing or succeeding the President, in case of absence, resignation, inability or death of the First Vice President. This dual form of the Vice Presidents, was in force until 1921 when the Congress-Convention of 1921, convened by Bautista Saavedra abolished the double Vice",
"psg_id": "7939630"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Azerbaijan",
"text": "Immunity of the Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan may be terminated only by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan upon the presentation of the Prosecutor General of Azerbaijan. The Secretariat of the First Vice-President of Azerbaijan composed of following members: Vice President of Azerbaijan The Vice-President of Azerbaijan is the second-highest constitutional office in Azerbaijan, after the President. The first Vice-President is First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva. The office was established through a constitutional amendment that was approved by voters during a referendum on 26 September 2016.The amendment gives the president the power to appoint or dismiss the First",
"psg_id": "20028850"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Yemen",
"text": "Vice President of Yemen The Vice President of the Republic of Yemen is the second highest political position in Yemen. Under the Constitution of Yemen, the Vice President is appointed by the President, and acts as constitutional successor of the President in case of a vacancy. The Vice President assists the President in his duties. The President may delegate some of his functions to the Vice President. The position of the Vice President of Yemen is currently occupied by Yemen Army general Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar since 4 April 2016, after being appointed by the President Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi. This office",
"psg_id": "16423375"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Chile",
"text": "only a title for the first in the order of succession to discharge the duties of the president in case of temporary impediment or vacancy. The Vice President, in the performance of his duties, has all the powers that the Constitution confers on the President of the Republic. Vice President of Chile Vice President of Chile was a political position in Chile from 1826 to 1833. In 1826, jointly with the establishment of the title of President of the Republic, the position of Vice President was created, whose function was to replace the President in the cases of illness, absence",
"psg_id": "20613107"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Azerbaijan",
"text": "vice president. In terms of resignation of the President from his/her post ahead of time, extraordinary presidential elections should be held within 60 days. In this case, powers of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan is exercised by the First Vice-President of the Republic of Azerbaijan until the new President of the Republic is elected. If the First Vice-President, who is acting as the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, resigns, or is incapacitated due to health problems, the status of First Vice President passes to the Vice President of Azerbaijan in a specified sequence. Vice President of Azerbaijan",
"psg_id": "20028848"
},
{
"title": "Vice President House",
"text": "residence was at No.2, King Edward Road (later renamed as Maulana Azad Road), New Delhi. Vice President House Vice President House is the official residence of the Vice President of India, located in New Delhi, Delhi, India. From May 1962 this bungalow serves as official residence of Vice President of India, located on No. 6, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi. The area of the residence is 6.48 acres (26,223.41 sq. m.) It shares a common boundary wall with the Vigyan Bhavan Annexe on the west and is bounded by Maulana Azad Road in the south, Man Singh Road in the",
"psg_id": "10733073"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Namibia",
"text": "Vice-President of Namibia The Vice-President of Namibia is the acting President of Namibia when the President is outside the country's borders, unable to fulfill the duties of the office, or when the Presidency is vacant. The Vice-President is also a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Vice-President is constitutionally required to 'assist the President in the execution of the functions of government,' and may be assigned any government portfolio by presidential proclamation. The position of Vice-President was established in 2014 along with several other constitutional amendments. The position is controversial due to its unclear portfolio. Nickey Iyambo",
"psg_id": "18691935"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Namibia",
"text": "served as the first Vice-President of Namibia from 2015 to 2018. The current Vice-President, appointed by President Hage Geingob is Nangolo Mbumba. Vice-President of Namibia The Vice-President of Namibia is the acting President of Namibia when the President is outside the country's borders, unable to fulfill the duties of the office, or when the Presidency is vacant. The Vice-President is also a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Vice-President is constitutionally required to 'assist the President in the execution of the functions of government,' and may be assigned any government portfolio by presidential proclamation. The position of",
"psg_id": "18691936"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Nicaragua",
"text": "Constitution of 1838. In case of vacancy in the presidency, a member of Senate would be elected to fill the vacancy. The position of Vice President of the Republic existed legally on four occasions: Gen. Anastasio Ortiz, was the first Vice President appointed by a Constituent Assembly. The Constitutional system of replacement of the President by the Vice President worked in 1923 when President Diego Manuel Chamorro was replaced by Bartolomé Martínez. A list of the office holders follows. Vice President of Nicaragua The Vice President of the Republic of Nicaragua () is the second highest political position in Nicaragua.",
"psg_id": "11989368"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Vietnam",
"text": "Vice President of Vietnam The Vice President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (), known as Deputy Chairman of the Council of State () from 1981 to 1992, is the vice head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Vice President is appointed on the recommendation of the President to the National Assembly. The president can also recommend the vice president's dismissal and resignation from office. Upon the President's recommendation, the Vice President has to be approved by the National Assembly. The main duty of a Vice President is to help the President in discharging his duties –",
"psg_id": "13621374"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Burundi",
"text": "of two posts: The 1st vice-president (Responsible for political and administrative affairs) and the 2nd vice-president (Responsible for economic and social affairs). A new transitional power-sharing government took office on 1 November 2001. Interim president Pierre Buyoya became transitional president for a period of 18 months. At the end of his term in 2003, Hutu Vice-President Domitien Ndayizeye took office and appointed a Tutsi (Alphonse-Marie Kadege) as vice-president. In November 2004, Kadege was sacked as vice-president and replaced by Frédéric Ngenzebuhoro. Although Ndayizeye's term was due to end in late 2004 following elections, the transitional period was extended and planned",
"psg_id": "5742524"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Colombia",
"text": "him on international diplomatic visits) or designate him in any position of the Colombian Executive branch of Power. Every president has defined the vice president's functions within their government. According to the Decree 2719 of December 17, 2000 in the Colombian Constitution of 1991 which modified the structure of the Administrative Department of the Presidency of the Republic, the functions of the vice president are: Vice President of Colombia The Vice President of Colombia is the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of Colombia upon leave of absence or death, resignation, or removal of the",
"psg_id": "9796458"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of the United States",
"text": "flows primarily from delegations from the President and Congress, as well as through constitutional amendments. confers upon the vice president the title President of the Senate and authorizes him to preside over Senate meetings. In this capacity, the vice president is charged with maintaining order and decorum, recognizing members to speak, and interpreting the Senate's rules, practices, and precedent. The first two vice presidents, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, both of whom gained the office by virtue of being runners-up in presidential contests, presided regularly over Senate proceedings, and did much to shape the role of Senate president. Several 19th",
"psg_id": "449668"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of India",
"text": "Rajya Sabha member under the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Subject to Article 71 (3), Parliament made applicable rules/procedure to petition the Supreme Court for resolving the \"disputes\" only that arise during the election process of the vice-president but not the \"doubts\" that arise from his unconstitutional actions/deeds or changing Indian citizenship during the tenure of vice-president which may violate the requisite election qualifications. Supreme Court shall also expeditiously decide any doubt raised by which the elected vice-president could be ineligible to be Rajya Sabha member for the unconstitutional acts committed before becoming vice-president. The article 69 of the",
"psg_id": "3022236"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of India",
"text": "Constitution of India provides the Oath or Affirmation for the Office of Vice President as follows:-<br> \"I, ________ do swear in the name of God/solemnly affirm that I will bear true faith and allegiance to solemnly affirm the Constitution of India as by law established and that I will faithfully discharge the duty upon which I am about to enter.\"<br> The President administers the oath of office and secrecy to the Vice-President. The Vice-President holds office for five years. The Vice-President can be re-elected any number of times. However, the office may be terminated earlier by death, resignation or removal.",
"psg_id": "3022237"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Colombia",
"text": "Interior. Marta Lucía Ramírez is the current vice president. The vice president must be a natural-born citizen of Colombia, at least 30 years of age. The Colombian Constitution of 1991 requires the vice president to meet the same eligibility requirements as the president that can be re-elected. It is also eligible for an unlimited number of terms as vice president. The vice president has the same period of functions that the President of Colombia and will replace him in case of temporary or complete absences. The vice president can also be authorized by the president special missions (like to represent",
"psg_id": "9796457"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Vietnam",
"text": "office of Vice President of Vietnam has usually been occupied by a woman. Current Vice President Đặng Thị Ngọc Thịnh has served as acting President since September 21, 2018 following the death of Vietnamese President Trần Đại Quang from a viral disease. Vice President of Vietnam The Vice President of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (), known as Deputy Chairman of the Council of State () from 1981 to 1992, is the vice head of state of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The Vice President is appointed on the recommendation of the President to the National Assembly. The president can",
"psg_id": "13621377"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Iran",
"text": "Vice President of Iran The Vice President of Iran () is defined by article 124 of the Constitution of Iran, as anyone appointed by the President of Iran to lead an organization related to Presidential affairs. , there are 12 Vice Presidents in Iran. The First Vice President () is the most important as he or she leads cabinet meetings in the absence of the president. The role of First Vice President was created in the revision of the Constitution in 1989. It took over some of the responsibilities of the Prime Minister. According to Article 124, the First Vice",
"psg_id": "8718715"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Venezuela",
"text": "Since June 14, 2018, Delcy Rodríguez of the United Socialist Party of Venezuela has been Vice President to Nicolás Maduro. According to the Constitution of 1999, the duties of the Executive Vice President are The Executive Vice President is appointed and removed by the President. Vice President can also be removed with more than two-thirds of the votes in National Assembly. If the National Assembly removes three Vice Presidents from office during a six-year presidential term, the President is authorized to dissolve the Parliament. Executive Vice President is the first in line to the succession of the President of Venezuela,",
"psg_id": "13559798"
},
{
"title": "Vice President House",
"text": "Vice President House Vice President House is the official residence of the Vice President of India, located in New Delhi, Delhi, India. From May 1962 this bungalow serves as official residence of Vice President of India, located on No. 6, Maulana Azad Road, New Delhi. The area of the residence is 6.48 acres (26,223.41 sq. m.) It shares a common boundary wall with the Vigyan Bhavan Annexe on the west and is bounded by Maulana Azad Road in the south, Man Singh Road in the east and the green area abutting Raj Path in the north. Before 1962, the Vice-Presidential",
"psg_id": "10733072"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Brazil",
"text": "Vice President of Brazil The Vice President of Brazil (), officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (\"Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil\"), or simply the \"Vice President of the Republic\" (\"Vice-Presidente da República\") is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president. The Vice President's primary role is to replace the president on the event of his or her death, resignation, or impeachment, and to temporarily take over the presidential powers and duties while the President is abroad, or otherwise temporarily unable to carry out",
"psg_id": "6816881"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of India",
"text": "Vice President of India The Vice-President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in India after the President. Article 63 of Indian Constitution states that \"there shall be a Vice-President of India.\" The Vice-President acts as President in the absence of the President due to death, resignation, impeachment, or other situations. The Vice-President of India is also \"ex officio\" Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. When a bill is introduced in Rajya Sabha, vice-president decides whether it is a financial bill or not. If he is of the opinion, a bill introduced in the Rajya Sabha is a money bill, he",
"psg_id": "3022228"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Bulgaria",
"text": "Vice President of Bulgaria The Vice President of the Republic of Bulgaria is a position, established by the Constitution of Bulgaria, and the only vice presidential office in the European Union (EU). The vice president is elected in a popular vote, along with the president. Candidates for president and vice president run on their party ticket and are prohibited from serving in any other post upon election. According to the constitution the vice president shall be principal assistant to the president in his/her official duties. In the 1971–1990 period, the Chairmen of the State Council — Todor Zhivkov (1971–1989) and",
"psg_id": "7547076"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Panama",
"text": "la Presidencia\"), second designate (\"Segundo Designado a la Presidencia\") and third designate (\"Tercer Designado a la Presidencia\"). The 1946 constitution introduced two vice presidents instead of three. The position of second vice president was abolished in the 1972 constitution and reintroduced with the 1983 constitutional reforms. Vice Presidents were elected in the same ticket with the President. Vice Presidents have been elected in the same ticket with the President. Vice President of Panama The Vice President of Panama is the second-highest political position in the Government of Panama. Since 2009, the position of Vice President has been held by only",
"psg_id": "12010135"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of the Philippines",
"text": "same qualifications as the President which means he must be: The Vice President is elected in the same manner as, but separately from, the President. Both the President and the Vice President are elected by direct plurality vote where the candidate who garners the highest number of votes, whether a majority or not, wins the election. While candidates usually run in tandem for the offices of President and Vice President, under their own political parties, it is possible and not unusual for candidates from different parties to be elected as President and Vice President. The Vice President is barred from",
"psg_id": "5588584"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Burundi",
"text": "Vice-President of Burundi The position of Vice-President of the Republic of Burundi was created in June 1998, when a transitional constitution went into effect. It replaced the post of Prime Minister. Pierre Buyoya, a former President (1987–1993) who seized power in a 1996 military coup, was sworn in as President of the Republic on 11 June 1998. He appointed Frédéric Bamvuginyumvira, a Hutu member of the Front for Democracy in Burundi (FRODEBU), as 1st vice-president. Mathias Sinamenye, a Tutsi member of Buyoya's Union for National Progress (UPRONA) party, was appointed 2nd vice-president. According to the transitional constitution, the vice-presidency consisted",
"psg_id": "5742523"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Zambia",
"text": "Vice-President of Zambia The Vice-President of Zambia is the second highest position in the executive branch of the Republic of Zambia. The Vice-President was previously appointed by the President before the amendment of the Constitution. Under the amended Constitution, when a sitting President dies, resigns or is removed from office, the Vice-President automatically assumes the presidency, unlike when the Constitution demanded holding of presidential by-election within 90 days. This is so because now every presidential candidate shall pick a running mate for Vice-President and the two will share the vote meaning voting for a President is an automatic vote for",
"psg_id": "10731640"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Nigeria",
"text": "active role in establishing policy in the Executive Branch by serving on such committees and councils, the relative power of the Nigerian vice president's office depends upon the duties delegated by the president. \"*Chief of Staff, Supreme HQ; Chief of General Staff, Deputy Military Head of State, and de facto Vice President\" Vice President of Nigeria The Vice President of Nigeria is the second-in-command to the President of Nigeria in the Government of Nigeria. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Vice President is elected alongside the President in national elections. The office is currently held",
"psg_id": "6047750"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Chile",
"text": "Vice President of Chile Vice President of Chile was a political position in Chile from 1826 to 1833. In 1826, jointly with the establishment of the title of President of the Republic, the position of Vice President was created, whose function was to replace the President in the cases of illness, absence and others. Agustín Eyzaguirre was elected as the first vice president in the election of 1826. Francisco Antonio Pinto was designated in the position in the election of following year. The Constitution of 1828, the only Chilean constitution that established the vicepresidency as a permanent position, provided that",
"psg_id": "20613105"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Indonesia",
"text": "the Vice-President, together with the President, will directly be elected by the people. The substantial role that the Vice Presidency is now going to have was evident in the way in which the 2004 Presidential Candidates chose their running mates. At the end, Jusuf Kalla became Indonesia's first directly elected Vice-President. The 1945 Constitution: The Vice-Presidential candidate has to be of Indonesian origins. The Provisional Constitution: The Vice-Presidential candidate has to be an Indonesian citizen aged at least 30 years old. He cannot be someone who is deemed to be undesirable or has had his right to take part in",
"psg_id": "10421838"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Uruguay",
"text": "Constitution of 1952 established a 9-member executive council, the National Council of Government, abolishing the figure of the Vice President. The Constitution of 1967 eliminates the National Council of Government and resumes the presidential system, maintaining the figure of the Vice President. Vice President of Uruguay The Vice President of Uruguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Uruguayan government, after the President of Uruguay. The Vice President replaces the elected President in case of his death or absence. As long as the President is in his functions, the Vice President is the",
"psg_id": "6030260"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Vietnam",
"text": "the office of vice president to Deputy Chairman of the Council of State. Unlike the 1946, 1959 and the present constitution, the 1980 constitution did not mentioned what kind of authority the office of vice president had — for instance, it was not mentioned if a vice president would take the responsibilities of acting head of state if the head of state was incapacitated. In 1992, the name for the post of deputy chairman of the Council of State was reverted to its original name; vice president. South Vietnam, under its 1967 constitution, also had a Vice-President. Since 1992, the",
"psg_id": "13621376"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of the Maldives",
"text": "and 122 then goes on to describe the Responsibilities of the Vice President. As a result of these responsibilities, the Office of the Vice President and its duties are determined by the President. Under the current government, President Nasheed has charged the Vice President's office with implementing a plan to become Carbon Neutral by 2020, as well as to tackle a drug problem which affects more than half of the youth population. The first Vice President of the Maldives was Ibrahim Muhammad Didi of Rayyithunge Muthagaddim Party, who was \"appointed\" to the position by President Mohamed Amin Didi (1 January",
"psg_id": "12673072"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Iran",
"text": "President chairs the board of ministers and coordinates the other vice presidencies, if let by the President. According to Article 131, the First Vice President takes over as acting President in cases where the President in incapacitated, but only if permitted by the Supreme Leader. According to the same Article, the First Vice President (or anyone serving as acting President) must make sure that a new president is elected in fifty days. According to Article 132, during the time an Acting President is serving (usually a First Vice President), the Majlis cannot impeach ministers and it can't disapprove newly introduced",
"psg_id": "8718716"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Indonesia",
"text": "is required to read either an oath or a promise or a statement of office before officially becoming Vice-President. The Vice-President is constitutionally required to live where the seat of Government is. The Amended 1945 Constitution: Together with the President, the Vice-President is elected directly by the people on a ticket. Further election rules are determined by laws passed by the DPR. The Vice-President-elect is required to read either an oath or a promise of office before officially becoming Vice-President. The term of office is Five years and after that the Vice-President can be re-elected for only one more term.",
"psg_id": "10421841"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Paraguay",
"text": "one of the Senate. The position disappeared between 1940 and 1993, being that the Constitutions of 1940 and 1967 abolished it. Only in 1992, with the new National Constitution, the position of Vice President was reinstalled within the political institutional scheme of Paraguay. Vice President of Paraguay The Vice President of Paraguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Paraguayan government, after the President of Paraguay. The position of Vice President was created with the Constitution of 1844, although it was the title gave to ex officio members temporarily replacing the elected President",
"psg_id": "12036654"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Russia",
"text": "Vice President of Russia The Vice President of the Russian Federation (before 25 December 1991 - Vice President of the Russian SFSR) was the first in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of Russia upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. Additionally, the vice president would assume the presidential duties in case the president becomes incapable of carrying out the presidential duties. According to the article 121-2 of the , a citizen of Russia, no younger than 35 years old and no older than 65 years old, who is in possession of suffrage, may be",
"psg_id": "11934309"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Ghana",
"text": "Vice-President of Ghana The Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana is the second-highest executive official in Ghana. The vice-president, together with the President of Ghana, is directly elected by the people through popular vote to serve a four-year term of office. The vice-president is the first person in the presidential line of succession, and would ascend to the presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal of the president. The current vice-president is Mahamudu Bawumia, who took office on 7 January 2017, under President Nana Akufo-Addo. The provisions of article 62 of the 1992 Constitution apply to a candidate for election",
"psg_id": "17728798"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Honduras",
"text": "3 persons. The position of \"Vice President Commissioner\" was created by former President Manuel Zelaya after Vice President Elvin Santos resigned in late 2008. A history of officeholders follows. In 2005, the Honduran Congress reformed the Constitution for that the charge of Vice-President may be held by only one person. In 2008, before the Honduran Primary Elections, the Honduran National Congress reformed the Constitution again so that the Vice-Presidential office may be occupied by 3 persons as it has been before. Vice President of Honduras The Vice Presidents of Honduras, also known as Presidential Designates, officially the Designates to the",
"psg_id": "13524557"
},
{
"title": "Vice president",
"text": "many of these VPs have minimal employees reporting to them, their necessity has been questioned, with for example Inc Magazine arguing to flatten the corporate hierarchy. Similarly, as universities have adopted a corporate structure there is concern over administrative bloat and over paying VPs. Some commentators have even claimed the proliferation of VPs and other administrators is destroying universities. \"Corporate vice president\" is an older term that usually denotes a vice president that is named as a corporate officer by the board of directors. Not all vice presidents in a company in the modern business environment are named as an",
"psg_id": "626654"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Liberia",
"text": "The current Vice President is Jewel Taylor, serving under President George Weah. She began her term on January 22, 2018. Article 52 of the Constitution lays out the qualifications for candidates for vice president. To be eligible for office under the current Constitution, a vice presidential candidate must: Additionally, the vice president may not reside in the same county as the president. Under Article 63(b), the Vice President ascends to the presidency in the event of president's death, resignation, impeachment, or when the president is declared incapable of carrying out the duties of the office. In the event of ascension,",
"psg_id": "7020905"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Paraguay",
"text": "Vice President of Paraguay The Vice President of Paraguay is the person with the second highest position in the executive branch of the Paraguayan government, after the President of Paraguay. The position of Vice President was created with the Constitution of 1844, although it was the title gave to ex officio members temporarily replacing the elected President in case of death or absence, and was not a position elected along the President. The Constitution of 1870 installed the position with a permanent character, being elected along the President and assigning to it the Presidency of the National Congress and the",
"psg_id": "12036653"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Afghanistan",
"text": "the National Assembly. Vice presidents were appointed by the president. During the Afghan Interim Administration and the Afghan Transitional Administration, when the Loya Jirga hadn't appointed a new Constitution yet, there were more than two vice chairmen of the interim administration. After 2004, Vice Presidents are elected on the same ticket as the President. Vice President of Afghanistan The Vice President of Afghanistan is the second highest political position obtainable in Afghanistan. Vice Presidents are currently elected on the same ticket as the President. A Presidential candidate nominates two candidates for Vice President before the election. The current Vice Presidents",
"psg_id": "9917181"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Gabon",
"text": "Vice President of Gabon Vice President of Gabon is a political position in Gabon. It existed from 1961 to 1975 and from 1997 to 2009, and since 2017 the post has been held by Pierre-Claver Maganga Moussavou. Changes in the Constitution of 1966 made the Vice President the automatic successor of the President in case of a vacancy in the latter office. Albert-Bernard Bongo was appointed as Vice President in 1966 with the expectation that he would constitutionally succeed the ailing President Leon M'ba, and he did so following M'ba's death in November 1967. In April 1975 the position of",
"psg_id": "11858317"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Nigeria",
"text": "Vice President of Nigeria The Vice President of Nigeria is the second-in-command to the President of Nigeria in the Government of Nigeria. Officially styled Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, the Vice President is elected alongside the President in national elections. The office is currently held by Yemi Osinbajo. A person shall be eligible for the office of Vice President if he or she is a citizen of Nigeria by birth, at least 40 years of age, is a member of a political party and is sponsored by that political party' The Constitution of Nigeria specifies an oath",
"psg_id": "6047748"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Egypt",
"text": "Vice-President of Egypt The Vice-President of the Arab Republic of Egypt was a senior official within the Egyptian government. In 1962, President Gamal Abdel Nasser instituted collective leadership in Egypt, separating the post of Prime Minister from that of President and establishing a presidential council to deal with all issues formerly considered presidential prerogatives. Five of the council's 11 members were Vice-Presidents of Egypt. According to article 139 of the 1971 Constitution, the President \"may appoint one or more Vice-Presidents define their jurisdiction and relieve them of their posts. The rules relating to the calling to account of the President",
"psg_id": "12783912"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Panama",
"text": "Vice President of Panama The Vice President of Panama is the second-highest political position in the Government of Panama. Since 2009, the position of Vice President has been held by only one person. Before 1945 there were positions of presidential designates elected by the National Assembly for a two-year term. The positions of presidential designates were replaced in 1945 by two vice presidents. According to the current current constitution, Vice President is elected in the same ticket as the President of Panama. Before the 1946 Constitution was adopted, there were positions of three presidential designates: first designate \"Primer Designado a",
"psg_id": "12010134"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Brazil",
"text": "four due to death of the incumbent (Nilo Peçanha, Delfim Moreira, Café Filho, and José Sarney), two due to resignation (Floriano Peixoto and João Goulart), and two due to impeachment conviction (Itamar Franco and Michel Temer). Vice President of Brazil The Vice President of Brazil (), officially the Vice President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (\"Vice-Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil\"), or simply the \"Vice President of the Republic\" (\"Vice-Presidente da República\") is the second-highest ranking government official in the executive branch of the Government of Brazil, preceded only by the president. The Vice President's primary role is to",
"psg_id": "6816885"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Ivory Coast",
"text": "2017 after the 2016 Constitution was enacted. The office of Vice President was first created in 1980, but it was abolished in 1985. The adoption of a new constitution in 2016 recreated the office of Vice President. The same provisions of the 2016 Constitution for the President apply to a candidate for election as Vice-President. The duties of the Vice President of Ivory Coast are: Vice President of Ivory Coast The Vice President of the Republic of Ivory Coast, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is the second-highest executive official in Ivory Coast. The Vice President, together with the President",
"psg_id": "19818852"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Venezuela",
"text": "Vice President of Venezuela The Vice President of Venezuela (), officially known as the Executive Vice President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (), is the second highest political position in the government of Venezuela. The Vice President is the direct collaborator of the President of the Republic according to the Constitution. The office of Vice President appeared in the Constitution of 1830 until the Constitution of 1858, and once again in the Constitution of 1999. However, in its current (1999) incarnation, the office is more akin to a Prime Minister in systems as those of France and South Korea.",
"psg_id": "13559797"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Indonesia",
"text": "political parties whose candidates are the winner and the runner-up in the past presidential election. If the Vice Presidency becomes vacant with the President still holding office, the President nominates two candidates and the MPR has to elect a new Vice-President out of the candidates within 60 days. Under the amended constitution, the Vice-President can now be impeached and removed from office. If the Vice-President is viewed to be unfit to perform his duties and has committed crimes such as corruption and betraying the Nation, the DPR can appeal to the Supreme Court to try the Vice-President. Furthermore, the DPR",
"psg_id": "10421845"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of India",
"text": "in order to be qualified to be elected as Vice-President, a person must: While in order to be a President, a person must be qualified for election as a member of the Lok Sabha (House of Peoples), the Vice-President must be qualified for election as a member of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). This difference is because the Vice-President is to act as the \"ex officio\" Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The Vice-President is elected indirectly, by an electoral college consisting of members {elected as well as nominated} of both houses of the Parliament. The election of the Vice-President",
"psg_id": "3022230"
},
{
"title": "Vice-President of Ghana",
"text": "of Ghana and to do right to all manner of persons. I further (solemnly swear) (solemnly affirm) that should I at any time break this oath of office, I shall submit myself to the laws of the Republic of Ghana and suffer the penalty for it. (So help me God).\" The duties of the vice-president of Ghana are: The Vice-President is also a member of Vice-President of Ghana The Vice-President of the Republic of Ghana is the second-highest executive official in Ghana. The vice-president, together with the President of Ghana, is directly elected by the people through popular vote to",
"psg_id": "17728800"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Venezuela",
"text": "when President is unable to fulfill the duties of office in the exceptional cases established in the Article 233 and 234 of the National Constitution. Former Vice Presidents Andrés Navarte, Carlos Soublette, Diosdado Cabello (in April 2002) and Nicolás Maduro (in 2012–2013) were all once acting Presidents of Venezuela. Soublette and Maduro were also later elected as President. Vice President of Venezuela The Vice President of Venezuela (), officially known as the Executive Vice President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (), is the second highest political position in the government of Venezuela. The Vice President is the direct collaborator",
"psg_id": "13559799"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Uzbekistan",
"text": "which time a presidential election shall be held. Vice President of Uzbekistan The office of Vice President of Uzbekistan was a political position in Uzbekistan until it was abolished on January 8, 1992. Article 96 of the Constitution of Uzbekistan states that should the President of the Republic fail to perform his duties due to poor health, confirmed by a certificate of a State Medical Commission formed by the Supreme Assembly of Uzbekistan (\"Oliy Majlis\"), an emergency session of the \"Oliy Majlis\" shall be held within ten days. The session shall elect an Acting President of the Republic for a",
"psg_id": "13149436"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Bangladesh",
"text": "Vice President of Bangladesh The Vice-President of Bangladesh was formerly the second highest constitutional office in Bangladesh, when the country was governed under a presidential system. The Vice-President was the first person in the presidential line of succession, in the event of a President's resignation, removal or death. The post was held by several Bangladeshi statesmen during different periods of the country's history. The inaugural office holder was Syed Nazrul Islam during the Bangladesh Liberation War. The final office holder was Shahabuddin Ahmed. Abdus Sattar was the only vice-president to succeed to the presidency in 1981. The office was first",
"psg_id": "19135584"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Indonesia",
"text": "Oath of Office of the Vice-President of the Republic of Indonesia : \"I swear by Allah to fulfill the duties of President (Vice President) of the Republic of Indonesia to the best of my capabilities and in the fairest way possible, to uphold the Constitution by all means and to execute all laws and regulations as straightforwardly as possible as well as to dedicate myself to the service of the Nation and the People.\" Pledge of Office of the Vice-President of the Republic of Indonesia : \"I solemnly pledge to fulfill the duties of President (Vice President) of the Republic",
"psg_id": "10421842"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Liberia",
"text": "Smith, Alfred Francis Russell, William D. Coleman, William Tolbert, and Moses Blah. There have been twelve vacancies in the office, the first of which occurred between October 26, 1871 and January 1, 1872; after the ascension of James Skivring Smith to the office of President. The most recent vacancy was between August 11, 2003 and January 16, 2006; after the ascension of Moses Blah to the office of President and prior to the election of Joseph Boakai. Vice President of Liberia The Vice President of the Republic of Liberia is the second-highest executive official in Liberia, and one of only",
"psg_id": "7020907"
}
] | [
"thomas w. wilson",
"president wilson",
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"thomas woodrow wilson",
"woodrow wilson",
"presidency of woodrow wilson",
"president woodrow wilson",
"president wilson's",
"t woodrow wilson",
"w. wilson",
"woodrow wilson's",
"woodrow wilson",
"wildrow woodson",
"president wilson",
"28th president of the united states",
"t. woodrow wilson"
] |
which year was the first after 1927 that the usa lost the ryder cup on home soil? | [
{
"title": "1987 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1987 Ryder Cup The 27th Ryder Cup Matches were held September 25–27, 1987 at Muirfield Village Golf Club in Dublin, Ohio, a suburb north of Columbus. The European team won their second consecutive competition by a score of 15 to 13 points in probably the most historic Ryder Cup. After an unbeaten record of 13–0 spanning sixty years, the U.S. team lost for the first time on home soil. Europe took a lead of 5 points into the Sunday singles matches, but the U.S. fought back strongly to narrow the deficit. Eamonn Darcy, who previously had a very poor Ryder",
"psg_id": "9884148"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "1927 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1927 Ryder Cup The 1st Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Worcester Country Club in Worcester, Massachusetts. The very first competition was dominated by the United States who won by the then landside score of 9½–2½ points. USA Captain Walter Hagen became the first winning captain to lift the Ryder Cup. Samuel Ryder, the competition's founder was unable to be present at Worcester Country Club for the inaugural event due to ill health at the time. Ted Ray was the first captain to represent the Great Britain team. The Ryder Cup is a match play golf event, with each",
"psg_id": "9894609"
},
{
"title": "1935 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1935 Ryder Cup The 5th Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Ridgewood Country Club in Paramus, New Jersey, a suburb northwest of New York City in Bergen County. The United States team won the competition by a score of 9–3 points to regain the cup. The U.S. took a 3–2 lead in the series, all of which were won on home soil. It was the first of seven consecutive wins by the U.S. side, which did not lose again until 1957 in England. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927",
"psg_id": "9894359"
},
{
"title": "1927 Ryder Cup",
"text": "With the team a man short, the PGA Secretary Percy Perrins recruited Jolly who sailed on a later boat, the Majestic, and arrived in New York on May 31, four days after the rest of the team. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: Al Espinosa did not play in any matches. George Gadd did not play in any matches. 1927 Ryder Cup The 1st Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Worcester Country Club in Worcester, Massachusetts. The very first competition was dominated by the United States who won by the then landside score of",
"psg_id": "9894612"
},
{
"title": "2020 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2020 Ryder Cup The 43rd Ryder Cup Matches will be held in the United States from September 25 to 27, 2020, on the Straits course at Whistling Straits, Haven, Wisconsin. Team Europe are the reigning holders after their 17.5-10.5 victory over USA in 2018 at Golf National. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format will be as follows: On the first two days there are 4 foursome matches and 4 fourball matches with the home captain choosing which are played in the morning and which in the afternoon. With a",
"psg_id": "19760384"
},
{
"title": "1927 Ryder Cup",
"text": "match worth one point. From this inaugural event through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. Source: A sub-committee of the Professional Golfers' Association was appointed to choose the Great Britain team for the first official Ryder Cup. This consisted of Harry Vardon, J.H. Taylor and James Braid. In March 1927 an initial group of 9 players was selected to",
"psg_id": "9894610"
},
{
"title": "2002 Ryder Cup",
"text": "records are at the start of the 2002 Ryder Cup. The numbers in brackets are the world rankings in 2001 when the Ryder Cup was originally scheduled. This was the first Ryder Cup in which U.S. citizens born outside the country were eligible for selection on Team USA. More specifically, two categories of U.S. citizens became eligible: However, this change has yet to have any effect; all Team USA players through the 2016 Ryder Cup have been born in the country. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 2002 Ryder Cup The 34th Ryder Cup Matches",
"psg_id": "9879365"
},
{
"title": "Samuel Ryder",
"text": "An informal 1926 match held at Wentworth Club between teams of professionals from Great Britain and the USA served as the impetus for the first official match for the Ryder Cup, staged at Worcester Country Club in Massachusetts, USA during June 1927. The format, which is still used today, consists of competition staged in alternate years, with the two sides taking turns as hosts. Ryder attended the first two home matches played at Moortown and Southport in 1929 and 1933 respectively, being especially pleased to present the cup to Britain's successful captain George Duncan in 1929. The trophy was manufactured",
"psg_id": "6630336"
},
{
"title": "2014 Ryder Cup",
"text": "Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format was as follows: On the Monday before the competition, European captain Paul McGinley announced that he had chosen to play fourball matches in the mornings, as had been the case for every European home captain since 1997 (while American home captains have chosen to play foursomes in the mornings every year except for 2004). With a total of 28 points available, 14½ points were required for the USA to win the Ryder Cup, and 14 points were required for Europe to retain it. All",
"psg_id": "16815600"
},
{
"title": "2008 Ryder Cup",
"text": "lead in all four matches within the first hour. However, things changed by the end of the morning, with Team USA ending the session up 3–1, marking the first time since the last American win in 1999 that Team USA held the lead at the end of any Ryder Cup session. The afternoon session was almost a replay of the morning session. Team Europe led after the front nine in three of the four matches, but only won one. Team USA ended up with its largest lead after the first day since Europe was first included in the Ryder Cup",
"psg_id": "8828139"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "(Captain), Tommy Armour, Jim Barnes, Emmet French, Joe Kirkwood, Fred McLeod, Bill Mehlhorn, Joe Stein, Cyril Walker and Al Watrous. While all ten of the British players subsequently played in the Ryder Cup only three of the Americans did (Hagen, Mehlhorn and Watrous). Armour, Barnes, Kirkwood, McLeod and Walker were excluded by the policy of requiring players to be born in the USA while French and Stein were never selected. The 1927 competition was organized on a much more formal basis. A Ryder Cup \"Deed of Trust\" was drawn up formalising the rules of the contest, while each of the",
"psg_id": "906294"
},
{
"title": "2004 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2004 Ryder Cup The 35th Ryder Cup Matches were held September 17–19, 2004, in the United States at the South Course of Oakland Hills Country Club in Bloomfield Township, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit. The European team won the competition by a margin of 18½ to 9½ points, The victory margin was the largest by a European team in the history of the event, and the largest by either side since 1981, when Team USA defeated Team Europe by the same score. It was also the largest margin of defeat for the USA since the competition started in 1927.",
"psg_id": "3761893"
},
{
"title": "2018 Ryder Cup",
"text": "start of the 2018 Ryder Cup. Captain's picks are shown in yellow. Jim Furyk announced three captain's picks at 5 pm EDT on 4 September. The final captain's pick was announced on 10 September after the conclusion of the BMW Championship. The world rankings and records are at the start of the 2018 Ryder Cup. The opening round of four fourball matches started at 8:10 am local time. Pairings were announced after the Opening Ceremony on Thursday. The first point of the 2018 Ryder Cup was won by Team USA, with Dustin Johnson and Rickie Fowler winning 4 & 2",
"psg_id": "18816427"
},
{
"title": "2008 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2008 Ryder Cup The 37th Ryder Cup Matches were held September 19–21, 2008, in the United States at Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville, Kentucky. Team USA won 16½ - 11½ to end the streak of three successive victories for Europe. This was USA's largest margin of victory since 1981 and the first time since 1979 that the Americans had held the lead after every session of play. The team captains were Paul Azinger for the USA and Nick Faldo for Europe. The U.S. team had been in the lead since the contest began on the Friday. Europe was two points",
"psg_id": "8828133"
},
{
"title": "2002 Ryder Cup",
"text": "scheduled for 2001, was rescheduled for 2002. In a case of anachronism, the display boards at The Belfry still read \"The 2001 Ryder Cup\", and U.S. captain Curtis Strange deliberately referred to his team as \"The 2001 Ryder Cup Team\" in his speech at the closing ceremony. This was the second of six consecutive victories at home by Europe, a streak that remains intact through 2018. Domestic television coverage was provided by BBC and Sky Sports. In the United States, coverage of the first day was presented on tape-delay by USA Network, but was recorded live. Bill Macatee and Peter",
"psg_id": "9879362"
},
{
"title": "PGA Tour on USA",
"text": "PGA Tour on USA PGA Tour on USA was the umbrella title for USA Network's coverage of the PGA Tour in the United States, which ended after the 2006 season. USA also covered the early rounds of The Masters Tournament from 1982 until 2007. The network also carried the Ryder Cup Matches in some form from 1989 until 2010, except for the 2008 event. USA was also, separately, the cable home of the Masters Tournament from 1982 to 2007. USA's sister network, Universal HD, broadcast The Masters in high-definition (one of the first golf tournaments to ever hold that distinction).",
"psg_id": "15162365"
},
{
"title": "2018 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2018 Ryder Cup The 42nd Ryder Cup Matches were held in France from 28–30 September 2018 on the Albatros Course of Le Golf National in Guyancourt, a suburb southwest of Paris. It was the second Ryder Cup to be held in Continental Europe (rather than Great Britain or Ireland), after the 1997 contest, which was held in Spain. The United States were the defending champions, but had lost the last five matches in Europe, having last won there in 1993. Europe regained the Ryder Cup, winning by 17½ points to 10½. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with",
"psg_id": "18816419"
},
{
"title": "1929 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1927 matches. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. Source: In late 1928, it was announced that a selection committee of five professional golfers would choose the Great Britain team for the 1929 Ryder Cup. This committee consisted of James Braid, Sandy Herd",
"psg_id": "9894490"
},
{
"title": "2008 Ryder Cup",
"text": "in 1979. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 2008 Ryder Cup The 37th Ryder Cup Matches were held September 19–21, 2008, in the United States at Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville, Kentucky. Team USA won 16½ - 11½ to end the streak of three successive victories for Europe. This was USA's largest margin of victory since 1981 and the first time since 1979 that the Americans had held the lead after every session of play. The team captains were Paul Azinger for the USA and Nick Faldo for Europe. The U.S. team had been in",
"psg_id": "8828140"
},
{
"title": "1949 Ryder Cup",
"text": "allowed into the competition. Britain led three to one after the first day, but the U.S. won six of eight matches in singles on Saturday to keep the Cup. The Ganton course measured for this Ryder Cup. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of four foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and eight singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36",
"psg_id": "9893891"
},
{
"title": "2014 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2014 Ryder Cup The 40th Ryder Cup matches were held 26–28 September 2014 in Scotland on the PGA Centenary Course at the Gleneagles Hotel near Auchterarder in Perthshire. This was the second Ryder Cup held in Scotland; it was previously at Muirfield in 1973. The team captains in 2014 were Paul McGinley for Europe and Tom Watson for the USA. Europe were the defending cup holders, having won in 2012 at Medinah Country Club near Chicago. Europe won the 2014 competition to retain the Ryder Cup, defeating the USA by 16½ points to 11½, for their third consecutive win. The",
"psg_id": "16815599"
},
{
"title": "2004 Ryder Cup",
"text": "USA picked up its first full point, but Europe ended the day with a 6½–1½ lead, its largest lead after the first day in Ryder Cup history. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 2004 Ryder Cup The 35th Ryder Cup Matches were held September 17–19, 2004, in the United States at the South Course of Oakland Hills Country Club in Bloomfield Township, Michigan, a suburb northwest of Detroit. The European team won the competition by a margin of 18½ to 9½ points, The victory margin was the largest by a European team in the history",
"psg_id": "3761897"
},
{
"title": "1933 Ryder Cup",
"text": "win until Team Europe won its first in 1985. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. Source: In February 1931, it was announced that a selection committee of six would choose the Great Britain team for the 1933 Ryder Cup. A preliminary squad",
"psg_id": "9894411"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "States, the first official Ryder Cup took place in the United States in 1927 at Worcester Country Club in Worcester, Massachusetts. The home team won the first five contests, but with the competition's resumption after the Second World War, repeated American dominance eventually led to a decision to extend the representation of \"Great Britain and Ireland\" to include continental Europe from 1979. The inclusion of continental European golfers was partly prompted by the success of a new generation of Spanish golfers, led by Seve Ballesteros and Antonio Garrido. In 1973 the official title of the British Team had been changed",
"psg_id": "906281"
},
{
"title": "1955 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1955 Ryder Cup The 11th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 5–6, 1955 at Thunderbird Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. The United States team won its seventh consecutive competition by a score of 8 to 4 points. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of",
"psg_id": "9894896"
},
{
"title": "1953 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1953 Ryder Cup The 10th Ryder Cup Matches were held 2–3 October 1953 at Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, west of London. The United States team won its sixth consecutive competition by a score of 6½ to 5½ points. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to",
"psg_id": "9893829"
},
{
"title": "2020 Ryder Cup",
"text": "total of 28 points available, 14½ points are required to win the Cup, and 14 points are required for the defending champion to retain the Cup. All matches are played to a maximum of 18 holes. 2020 Ryder Cup The 43rd Ryder Cup Matches will be held in the United States from September 25 to 27, 2020, on the Straits course at Whistling Straits, Haven, Wisconsin. Team Europe are the reigning holders after their 17.5-10.5 victory over USA in 2018 at Golf National. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format",
"psg_id": "19760385"
},
{
"title": "1985 Ryder Cup",
"text": "14½ to 8½, a six-point margin with five matches on the course. This was the last Ryder Cup played in Europe that was not shown on live television in the United States. The USA Network first televised it in 1989 on cable with video provided by the BBC. NBC Sports took over live weekend coverage in 1991 in South Carolina, and 1993 marked the first time a major U.S. network televised it live from Europe. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format in 1985 was as follows: With a total",
"psg_id": "9884297"
},
{
"title": "1983 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1983 Ryder Cup The 25th Ryder Cup Matches were held October 14–16, 1983 at the PGA National Golf Club in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The United States team won the competition by a score of 14½ to 13½ points, the closest Ryder Cup since the tie in 1969. In their third competition with players from the continent, Europe showed the ability to realistically challenge the Americans. This was the first of four occasions that Tony Jacklin was the European captain and the sole occasion that his side lost. Entering the singles matches on Sunday, the competition was even at 8",
"psg_id": "9884335"
},
{
"title": "1955 Ryder Cup",
"text": "up. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: Ken Bousfield did not play in any matches. 1955 Ryder Cup The 11th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 5–6, 1955 at Thunderbird Country Club in Rancho Mirage, California. The United States team won its seventh consecutive competition by a score of 8 to 4 points. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total",
"psg_id": "9894899"
},
{
"title": "Junior Ryder Cup",
"text": "There are three boys' matches and three girls' foursomes matches and six mixed fourball matches on the first day. There are 12 singles matches on the second day, added in 2008. In 1995 an informal match was played between European junior golfers and Central New York PGA Section and area juniors. The European team included 15-year-old Sergio García. On recent occasions there has been an informal \"friendship match\" played on the Ryder Cup course after the Junior Ryder Cup but before the Ryder Cup. In the event of a tie the current holder retains the cup. Source: 2018 2016: 2014:",
"psg_id": "7835990"
},
{
"title": "2022 Ryder Cup",
"text": "the defending champion to retain the Cup. All matches are played to a maximum of 18 holes. 2022 Ryder Cup The 44th Ryder Cup Matches will be held in Italy in September 2022 at Marco Simone Golf and Country Club in Guidonia Montecelio near Rome. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format will be as follows: On the first two days there are 4 foursome matches and 4 fourball matches with the home captain choosing which are played in the morning and which in the afternoon. With a total of",
"psg_id": "20911140"
},
{
"title": "2022 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2022 Ryder Cup The 44th Ryder Cup Matches will be held in Italy in September 2022 at Marco Simone Golf and Country Club in Guidonia Montecelio near Rome. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format will be as follows: On the first two days there are 4 foursome matches and 4 fourball matches with the home captain choosing which are played in the morning and which in the afternoon. With a total of 28 points available, 14½ points are required to win the Cup, and 14 points are required for",
"psg_id": "20911139"
},
{
"title": "1929 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1929 Ryder Cup The 2nd Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Moortown Golf Club in Leeds, England. It was very cold, with hail and at one point heavy snow on the greens. About two thousand spectators saw America gain a narrow lead after the foursome matches before the Great Britain team won singles on the final day and thus the competition by a score of 7–5 points. George Duncan of Scotland became the first of only three British captains to lift the Ryder Cup which was given to him by Samuel Ryder who was in attendance after missing the",
"psg_id": "9894489"
},
{
"title": "1951 Ryder Cup",
"text": "Cup. It later hosted the U.S. Open in 1999, 2005, and 2014. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. Source: This was the second and final Ryder Cup for Ben Hogan as a competitor, following 1947. Although he won three majors in 1953,",
"psg_id": "9893863"
},
{
"title": "1937 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1937 Ryder Cup The 6th Ryder Cup Matches were held 29–30 June 1937 at the Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club in Southport, England. The United States team won the competition by a score of 8 to 4 points. It was the first time that the host team lost the competition and the second of seven consecutive wins for the U.S. side. The course had hosted the event four years earlier in 1933, Britain's last win until 1957. Due to World War II, this was the final Ryder Cup for a full decade; the series resumed in 1947 in the U.S.",
"psg_id": "9894231"
},
{
"title": "1929 Ryder Cup",
"text": "not play in any matches. 1929 Ryder Cup The 2nd Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Moortown Golf Club in Leeds, England. It was very cold, with hail and at one point heavy snow on the greens. About two thousand spectators saw America gain a narrow lead after the foursome matches before the Great Britain team won singles on the final day and thus the competition by a score of 7–5 points. George Duncan of Scotland became the first of only three British captains to lift the Ryder Cup which was given to him by Samuel Ryder who was",
"psg_id": "9894499"
},
{
"title": "PGA Tour on USA",
"text": "was outbid by Golf Channel for its early-round PGA Tour rights, with USA's final season being 2006. NBC/Universal, parent company of USA Network, traded away the network's Friday Ryder Cup coverage through 2012 to ESPN for the rights to sign Al Michaels. However, USA did renew its Masters contract for an additional year. USA would televise the 2007 Masters before being outbid by ESPN for future coverage. The 2007 Masters was also the final event for USA Sports, which was dissolved into parent NBC Sports after the tournament. All future sports telecasts on USA would use NBC's graphics and personalities.",
"psg_id": "15162368"
},
{
"title": "2012 Ryder Cup",
"text": "wrote that after an unprecedented summer of sporting achievements, including the Olympic Games in London, Bradley Wiggins' victory in the Tour de France and Andy Murray's first tennis major at the US Open, the Ryder Cup was incapable of \"dullness, one-sidedness, and hollow drama\" despite the looming anti-climax at the start of the singles matches on the final day. In a reference to the economic crisis on the continent, \"The Irish Times\" said that German Martin Kaymer had given Europe \"a massive bailout that contributed to the most unlikeliest comeback in Ryder Cup history\". 2012 Ryder Cup The 39th Ryder",
"psg_id": "15275027"
},
{
"title": "2014 Ryder Cup",
"text": "and would therefore not be one of Watson's three captain's picks. Woods had finished 71st in the Ryder Cup points list. Tom Watson was named the USA team captain on 13 December 2012. At 65 he became the oldest Ryder Cup captain; a record previously held by J.H. Taylor who was 62 when he captained the Great Britain team in 1933. Previously the oldest United States captain had been Sam Snead who was 57 when he was captain in 1969. Paul McGinley was named the Europe team captain on 15 January 2013. He was the first Irishman to captain the",
"psg_id": "16815609"
},
{
"title": "2012 Ryder Cup",
"text": "and is widely regarded as one of the best sporting comebacks of all time and the greatest in Ryder Cup history. The victory was Europe's second consecutive and fifth in the last six contests. The European captain Olazábal dedicated the victory to the late Seve Ballesteros. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format was: On the first two days there were 4 foursome matches and 4 fourball matches, with the home captain choosing which were played in the morning and which in the afternoon. With a total of 28 points",
"psg_id": "15275016"
},
{
"title": "1931 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1931 Ryder Cup The 3rd Ryder Cup Matches were held June 26–27, 1931 at Scioto Country Club in Columbus, Ohio. The United States team won the competition by a score of 9 to 3 points. The course was the venue for U.S. Open in 1926, won by amateur Bobby Jones, the second of his four titles. It later hosted the PGA Championship in 1950. Scioto is also noteworthy as the club where Jack Nicklaus learned to play as a youth in the 1950s. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through",
"psg_id": "9894449"
},
{
"title": "2010 Ryder Cup",
"text": "Sport named the Europe squad \"Team of The Year\". 2010 Ryder Cup The 38th Ryder Cup was held 2010 at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales. It was the 17th time the Ryder Cup had been staged in Britain, but the first time in Wales. It was played on the newly constructed \"Twenty Ten\" course, specifically designed for the event. The team captains were Colin Montgomerie for Europe and Corey Pavin for the United States. With the U.S. as the defending champion, Europe won by a score of 14½ to 13½ and regained the Cup. It was Europe's sixth",
"psg_id": "12514824"
},
{
"title": "1999 Ryder Cup",
"text": "Notoriously, the U.S. team raucously invaded the 17th green after Leonard had holed his long putt but before Olazábal had attempted his shorter putt. The incident was viewed by many as appalling sportsmanship, and an unpleasant ending to a Ryder Cup many in both the USA and Europe felt was not played in the spirit that Samuel Ryder had intended. Veteran broadcaster Alistair Cooke described the last day of the tournament as \"a date that will live in infamy\" in a \"Letter from America\" entitled \"The arrival of the golf hooligan\". The American win was the largest final day come-from-behind",
"psg_id": "8812587"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "match: \"The P.G.A. announce that the Ryder Cup match for this year has been cancelled by the state of war prevailing in this country. The P.G.A. of the United States is being informed.\" The Ryder Cup was not played in these scheduled years due to the war; by the fall of 1945, many members of the British team were still in the military. After a decade-long absence, it resumed in November 1947 at the Portland Golf Club in Portland, Oregon. The competition, scheduled for 28–30 September at The Belfry's Brabazon Course, was postponed a year because of the September 11",
"psg_id": "906328"
},
{
"title": "2012 Ryder Cup",
"text": "the qualifying places are shown in green. Captains picks are shown in yellow. The team captains were Davis Love III for the USA and José María Olazábal for Europe. Each captain selected four vice-captains to assist him during the tournament. Love named the first two USA vice-captains in June 2012 and announced the other two after the PGA Championship. Olazábal named three of his vice-captains on August 16. The fourth vice-captain was announced on August 25. Captains picks are shown in yellow; the world rankings and records are at the start of the 2012 Ryder Cup. Captains picks are shown",
"psg_id": "15275024"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "to the one that fellow German Bernhard Langer missed at the 1991 Ryder Cup. Francesco Molinari secured the final half-point to win the Ryder Cup outright by winning the 18th hole to halve his match against Tiger Woods. Ian Poulter of the European team finished this Ryder Cup with a perfect 4–0 record. The 1939 Ryder Cup was planned for 18–19 November at Ponte Vedra Country Club in Jacksonville, Florida; Walter Hagen was chosen as non-playing captain of the U.S. team. The competition was cancelled shortly after the outbreak of World War II in Europe in September. It would have",
"psg_id": "906326"
},
{
"title": "2008 Ryder Cup",
"text": "behind going into the Sunday singles matches. They had only previously overturned a deficit once before, in 1995. USA won the majority of the first matches out and subsequently Jim Furyk defeated Miguel Ángel Jiménez 2 & 1 to win his match and win the Ryder Cup for the USA. Other matches still out on the course would see this margin of victory increase further. Following the defeat Nick Faldo was heavily criticised for his decision to \"bottom load\" his best players in the singles when the Americans only needed 5½ points to win which they got before they could",
"psg_id": "8828134"
},
{
"title": "2018 Ryder Cup",
"text": "the first morning 3–1 in favour of Team USA. Europe's first clean sweep of the afternoon foursomes in the history of the Ryder Cup saw Team Europe end the day 5–3 ahead of Team USA. Sergio García and Alex Norén won 5 & 4 over Phil Mickelson and Bryson DeChambeau, Rory McIlroy and Ian Poulter came from two down after the first three holes to beat Bubba Watson and Webb Simpson 4 & 2, Fleetwood and Molinari repeated their morning success with a 4 & 3 win over Spieth and Thomas, while Justin Rose and Henrik Stenson beat Dustin Johnson",
"psg_id": "18816429"
},
{
"title": "1959 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1959 Ryder Cup The 13th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 6–7, 1959 at the Eldorado Country Club in Indian Wells, California. The United States team won the competition by a score of 8½ to 3½ points. The British were again led by Dai Rees, but were unable to repeat the heroics of two years earlier and were comprehensively beaten on American soil. The Americans took a 2½-1½ lead in the Foursomes before finishing off the British challenge in the singles by winning five matches with two matches finishing all square to win the cup back. The British won just",
"psg_id": "9893484"
},
{
"title": "1959 Ryder Cup",
"text": "not play in any matches. 1959 Ryder Cup The 13th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 6–7, 1959 at the Eldorado Country Club in Indian Wells, California. The United States team won the competition by a score of 8½ to 3½ points. The British were again led by Dai Rees, but were unable to repeat the heroics of two years earlier and were comprehensively beaten on American soil. The Americans took a 2½-1½ lead in the Foursomes before finishing off the British challenge in the singles by winning five matches with two matches finishing all square to win the cup",
"psg_id": "9893490"
},
{
"title": "1989 Ryder Cup",
"text": "up and give Europe a 14–10 lead, with four matches remaining on the course. The final four matches all resulted in U.S. wins and an overall draw. This was the first Ryder Cup played in Europe to be televised live in the United States. It was carried by the USA Network on cable, with video provided by the BBC. The U.S. television coverage in 1985 was a highlight show on ESPN in early November, over a month after its completion. NBC Sports took over live weekend coverage in 1991 in South Carolina, and 1993 marked the first time a major",
"psg_id": "9884024"
},
{
"title": "1937 Ryder Cup",
"text": "up, Dudley: 1 up, Picard: 1 up. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: Horton Smith did not play in any matches. 1937 Ryder Cup The 6th Ryder Cup Matches were held 29–30 June 1937 at the Southport and Ainsdale Golf Club in Southport, England. The United States team won the competition by a score of 8 to 4 points. It was the first time that the host team lost the competition and the second of seven consecutive wins for the U.S. side. The course had hosted the event four years earlier in 1933, Britain's last",
"psg_id": "9894234"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "by NBC, and Disney acquiring the rights to the cartoon character Oswald the Lucky Rabbit (who was created by Walt Disney in 1927 for a series of animated shorts distributed by Universal Pictures). In 2013, NBC reached a deal to extend its rights to the Ryder Cup and Senior PGA Championship through 2030, with Friday coverage of the Ryder Cup being assumed by Golf Channel. For 2018, Golf Channel and NBC have a combined total of 30.5 hours of coverage; Golf Channel has 13.5 hours, and NBC has 17 hours. Ninety minutes of Golf Channel and NBC's time overlap, amounting",
"psg_id": "906338"
},
{
"title": "1999 Ryder Cup",
"text": "northeastern U.S., with about 1300 members. The 33rd Ryder Cup Matches were covered live in the United States for all five sessions. USA Network covered the Friday action, with Bill Macatee and Peter Kostis in the 18th tower. The weekend was covered live by NBC Sports, with Dick Enberg and Johnny Miller in the 18th tower, Dan Hicks calling holes, and on-course reporters Gary Koch, Mark Rolfing, Roger Maltbie, and John Schroeder. Jim Gray conducted interviews, and on the final day was also used as a fifth on-course reporter. On the weekend, former European Ryder Cup captain Bernard Gallacher was",
"psg_id": "8812595"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "13–1 victory for the British team (1 match was halved). The American point was won by Bill Mehlhorn with Emmet French being all square. Medals were presented to the players by the American ambassador Alanson B. Houghton. The match was widely reported as being for the \"Ryder Cup\". However \"Golf Illustrated\" for 11 June states that because of uncertainty following the general strike in May, which led to uncertainty about how many Americans would be visiting Britain, Samuel Ryder had decided to withhold the cup for a year. It has also been suggested that because Walter Hagen chose the American",
"psg_id": "906292"
},
{
"title": "1973 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1973 Ryder Cup The 20th Ryder Cup Matches were held at Muirfield in Gullane, East Lothian, Scotland. The United States team won the competition by a score of 19 to 13 points. For the first time, what had previously been the \"Great Britain\" team was called \"Great Britain and Ireland\", although golfers from the Republic of Ireland had played since 1953, and from Northern Ireland since 1947. Muirfield had hosted the Open Championship the previous year, won by American Lee Trevino. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format was adjusted",
"psg_id": "9887497"
},
{
"title": "Samuel Ryder",
"text": "a match between British and American professional golfers was proposed. Ryder became involved and sponsored the event. It had been his intention that the match would be the first Ryder Cup but it was later decided that the match would not be an official contest. The first official event did not take place until 1927 for which Ryder donated a gold trophy. Ryder was born at Walton-le-Dale near Preston, Lancashire. He was the fourth of the eight children of Samuel Ryder Sr. (1823/4–1904), a gardener, and Elizabeth (née Martin) (1822/3–1904), a dressmaker. He had three elder and two younger sisters,",
"psg_id": "6630324"
},
{
"title": "PGA Tour on USA",
"text": "The Ryder Cup contract, which stipulated cable coverage air on USA, was still controlled by NBC even after it granted ESPN the rights to Friday cable coverage (normally the only day of the event covered on cable). However, in 2010, rain on Friday pushed the singles matches to Monday, necessitating that they air on cable. With NBC having granted only Friday rights to ESPN, the singles matches aired on USA, which would be the final golf telecast for the network. Four months later, NBC merged with Golf Channel, making Golf Channel NBC's primary cable outlet for golf. PGA Tour on",
"psg_id": "15162369"
},
{
"title": "The First Year",
"text": "first Academy Award for Best Actress for the first two and F. W. Murnau's \"Sunrise\" (1927). The First Year The First Year is a 1932 American pre-Code film based on a 1920 play that originally ran on Broadway at the Little Theatre. The play was written by Frank Craven and produced by John Golden. It closed in 1922 after 760 performances. In 1932, a film adapted from the Craven play was written by Lynn Starling. The film starred Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell, and was directed by William K. Howard. Gaynor and Farrell made almost a dozen films together, including",
"psg_id": "9627601"
},
{
"title": "2016 Ryder Cup",
"text": "Palmer's daughter Amy. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The competition format is as follows: On the first two days there are 4 foursome matches and 4 fourball matches with the home captain choosing which are played in the morning and which in the afternoon. With a total of 28 points available, 14½ points are required to win the Cup, and 14 points are required for the defending champion, Europe, to retain the Cup. All matches are played to a maximum of 18 holes according to the current format. The announcement that",
"psg_id": "18340100"
},
{
"title": "1947 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1947 Ryder Cup The 7th Ryder Cup Matches were held November 1–2, 1947 at Portland Golf Club in Portland, Oregon, marking a resumption of the competition after a full decade. World War II forced cancellations from 1939 to 1945; the last competition was in 1937. The United States overwhelmed the British team, 11–1. An invitation to renew the Ryder Cup was sent by the American P.G.A. in November 1946. This was accepted by the British P.G.A. in December. However it wasn't until August 1947 that the dates and venue were agreed. The revival of the Ryder Cup in 1947 was",
"psg_id": "9893993"
},
{
"title": "2006 Ryder Cup",
"text": "Ryder Cup. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 2006 Ryder Cup The 36th Ryder Cup Matches were held 22–24 September 2006 in Ireland at the Palmer Course of the K Club in Straffan, County Kildare, west of Dublin. It was the first time the event was played in Ireland. Europe won by 18½ to 9½ points, equalling their record winning margin of two years earlier for their third consecutive win, a first for Europe. Swedish rookie Henrik Stenson made the winning putt, just moments after Luke Donald sank a putt to ensure Europe retained the",
"psg_id": "7839244"
},
{
"title": "2016 Ryder Cup",
"text": "Clarke announced the three captain's picks at 12.30 BST on August 30. Captain's picks are shown in yellow. The world rankings and records are at the start of the 2016 Ryder Cup. The tournament began with the alternate shot foursomes in the morning followed by four fourball matches in the afternoon. The pairings for the foursomes were announced on Thursday September 29. Team USA swept the morning foursomes. It was the first time since 1975 that they had swept the opening session and the first time since 1981 that they had swept any session. Patrick Reed and Jordan Spieth played",
"psg_id": "18340111"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "Ryder Cup The Ryder Cup is a biennial men's golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The competition is contested every two years with the venue alternating between courses in the United States and Europe. The Ryder Cup is named after the English businessman Samuel Ryder who donated the trophy. The event is jointly administered by the PGA of America and Ryder Cup Europe, the latter a joint venture of the PGA European Tour (60%), the PGA of Great Britain and Ireland (20%), and the PGAs of Europe (20%). Originally contested between Great Britain and the United",
"psg_id": "906280"
},
{
"title": "2010 Ryder Cup",
"text": "consecutive home win. The event was plagued by bad weather with play having to be suspended twice. Having taken a 3-point lead into the singles matches Europe faced a U.S. fightback and the conclusion of the Ryder Cup 2010 went right down to the anchor match between Graeme McDowell and Hunter Mahan. Eventually McDowell defeated Mahan 3 & 1 to regain the Cup for Europe. The competition was officially opened by Carwyn Jones, First Minister for Wales. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. The original schedule in 2010 was: With a total",
"psg_id": "12514814"
},
{
"title": "1979 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1979 Ryder Cup The 23rd Ryder Cup Matches were held September 14–16, 1979, in the United States, at the Greenbrier Course of The Greenbrier in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia. It was the beginning of a new era for the Ryder Cup. For the first time, players from continental Europe took part in the Ryder Cup (specifically, Seve Ballesteros and Antonio Garrido of Spain). The new Team Europe replaced Great Britain and Ireland as the official opposition to the United States. It was hoped that the change would help raise the profile of the competition and bring about the end",
"psg_id": "9884693"
},
{
"title": "The First Year",
"text": "The First Year The First Year is a 1932 American pre-Code film based on a 1920 play that originally ran on Broadway at the Little Theatre. The play was written by Frank Craven and produced by John Golden. It closed in 1922 after 760 performances. In 1932, a film adapted from the Craven play was written by Lynn Starling. The film starred Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell, and was directed by William K. Howard. Gaynor and Farrell made almost a dozen films together, including Frank Borzage's classics \"Seventh Heaven\" (1927), \"Street Angel\" (1928), and \"Lucky Star\" (1929); Gaynor won the",
"psg_id": "9627600"
},
{
"title": "Hazeltine National Golf Club",
"text": "a golfer born in Asia. It also marked the first time that Woods had lost a major after holding at least a share of first after 54 holes. The 2016 Ryder Cup was awarded to Hazeltine in 2002 and was scheduled for September 27 – October 2. On February 24, 2015, Davis Love III was named captain for Team USA with Northern Ireland's Darren Clarke captaining Team Europe. The United States' 17-11 victory was their first victory in the event since 2008 at Valhalla and tied the record for the biggest American margin of victory on home soil set in",
"psg_id": "5558816"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "Ryder Cup. The Ryder Cup matches were always covered by the BBC, whether in Britain or in the United States, even prior to the British team's merger with Europe. In the 1990s, Sky Sports became heavily involved in the Ryder Cup, and has since taken over live coverage, including creating a channel specifically dedicated for the 2014 and 2016 competition. The BBC still screens edited highlights each night. In the United States, the Ryder Cup was first televised live at the 1983 matches in Florida, with ABC Sports covering just the final four holes of the singles matches. A highlight",
"psg_id": "906334"
},
{
"title": "1957 Ryder Cup",
"text": "the World Match Play, Mills became the last member of the team. The 1957 Amateurs–Professionals Match was played at Lindrick in early August. It was intended that the match would be between the Ryder Cup and Walker Cup teams, to give both teams some competitive experience and for the Ryder Cup team to gain experience of the Lindrick course. In the event, two of the Ryder Cup team, Christy O'Connor Snr and Harry Weetman were ill and replaced by Eric Lester and local professional, 49-year-old Jack Jacobs. 18 hole scores: Ford/Finsterwald: 1 up, Bousfield/Rees v Wall/Hawkins: all square, Kroll/Burke: 1",
"psg_id": "9893681"
},
{
"title": "2002 Ryder Cup",
"text": "decided to thereafter play matches in even-numbered years instead of odd-numbered, shifting the already-scheduled 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2013 editions to 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010, and 2014, respectively. This in turn caused a corresponding change in schedules for the Presidents Cup, Solheim Cup, and Seve Trophy (all of which are played in years the Ryder Cup is not played). The Presidents Cup was in turn delayed by a year, while both the Solheim Cup and Seve Trophy played their 2002 matches as scheduled then subsequently started playing in odd-numbered years in 2003. The Junior Ryder Cup, which was also",
"psg_id": "9879361"
},
{
"title": "2004 Ryder Cup",
"text": "out to a quick lead. The decision backfired on Sutton, as the Woods/Mickelson pairing fell behind almost from the start, eventually losing. Only a 7-foot par putt by Chris Riley on the 18th hole of his match kept Team USA from being shut out by Team Europe. Team USA never had the lead during any of the first day's four-ball matches. The afternoon alternate-shot session was almost as good for Team Europe as the morning session. Mickelson and Woods lost an early lead in their match, leaving Woods winless in the first day of his last three Ryder Cups. Team",
"psg_id": "3761896"
},
{
"title": "1931 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. Source: Prior to the match, there was some controversy about the qualification rules for the Great Britain team. In 1927 and 1929 the American PGA had decided to only select American born and resident players but the original Ryder Cup Deed of Trust made no such provision. All members of the Professional Golfers'",
"psg_id": "9894450"
},
{
"title": "1957 Ryder Cup",
"text": "singles matches. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, 6½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. The event was financially supported by Sir Stuart Goodwin, a Yorkshire steel industrialist. He had sponsored a foursomes tournament, the Goodwin (Sheffield) Foursomes Tournament, in 1952, 1953 and 1954 with prize money of £3,000",
"psg_id": "9893677"
},
{
"title": "1993 Ryder Cup",
"text": "the Hohe Brücke Austrian Open in order to gain Ryder Cup points. At this time prize money in the major championships played in the USA did not earn Ryder Cup points. Prior to the final event Sam Torrance had to withdraw from the final event because of injury but none of the other challengers for automatic places were able to pass him. Joakim Haeggman tied for 6th place in the German Open and rose from 14th to 10th place in the points list while Ronan Rafferty tied for 20th place and finished 11th. Gallacher made his picks on 30 August.",
"psg_id": "9882811"
},
{
"title": "1981 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1981 Ryder Cup The 24th Ryder Cup Matches were held 18–20 September 1981 at the Walton Heath Golf Club in Walton-on-the-Hill, Surrey, England, southwest of London. The United States team won the competition by a score of 18½ to 9½ points. To date, it remains the largest margin of defeat for a European team (since 1979) at the Ryder Cup. Seve Ballesteros was not selected for the European team after an ongoing dispute with the European Tour concerning appearance money. Tony Jacklin was also left off the team. It was the sixth and final Ryder Cup for Jack Nicklaus as",
"psg_id": "9884431"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "to a net total of 29 hours of real time coverage. Sources The Presidents Cup is similar to the Ryder Cup, except that the competing sides are a U.S. side and an International side from the rest of the world consisting of players who are ineligible for the Ryder Cup. It is held in years when there is no Ryder Cup. Other team golf events between U.S. and either Europe or Great Britain and Ireland include: Ryder Cup The Ryder Cup is a biennial men's golf competition between teams from Europe and the United States. The competition is contested every",
"psg_id": "906339"
},
{
"title": "1927 in sports",
"text": "Cup 1927 in sports 1927 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. England Germany Italy Mexico Ukraine VFL Premiership Brownlow Medal Sweden World Series Major League Baseball Negro League Baseball ABL Championship Events Lineal world champions Grey Cup Events England Australia India New Zealand South Africa West Indies Tour de France World Figure Skating Championships Major tournaments Ryder Cup Other tournaments Events England Australia Canada France Ireland USA Stanley Cup Events Far Eastern Championship Games FIS Nordic World Ski Championships The Boat Race England Australia Five Nations Championship World Championship Speed Skating World Championships Australia England France USA",
"psg_id": "2271640"
},
{
"title": "2012 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2012 Ryder Cup The 39th Ryder Cup was held September 28–30, 2012, in the United States at the Medinah Country Club in Medinah, Illinois, a suburb northwest of Chicago. This was the first time that the Ryder Cup was held in Illinois. Europe went into the competition as the cup holders, having won in 2010 to regain it. The team captains were Davis Love III for the U.S. and José María Olazábal for Europe. At the start of the final day's play, the U.S. led 10–6 and required 4½ points to win; Europe required 8 points to retain the cup",
"psg_id": "15275014"
},
{
"title": "1997 Ryder Cup",
"text": "and Jesper Parnevik. Miguel Ángel Martín had a world ranking of 79 at the time of the Ryder Cup. Captains picks are shown in yellow; the world rankings and records are at the start of the 1997 Ryder Cup. Captains picks are shown in yellow; the world rankings and records are at the start of the 1997 Ryder Cup. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 1997 Ryder Cup The 32nd Ryder Cup Matches were held at the Valderrama Golf Club in Sotogrande, Spain, marking the first time the event was contested in continental Europe. The",
"psg_id": "9882612"
},
{
"title": "That Was the Week That Was",
"text": "is largely a lost program, although the pilot survives and was donated to the Library of Congress by a collector. Amateur audio recordings of most episodes also survive. After the series' cancellation, Lehrer recorded a collection of his songs used on the show, \"That Was The Year That Was\", released by Reprise Records in September 1965. In the American version, an episode showed a smiling U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson contemplating an easy 1964 campaign against the Republican nominee, U.S. Senator Barry M. Goldwater of Arizona. The satirists sang that Goldwater could not win because he \"does not know the",
"psg_id": "890510"
},
{
"title": "1957 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1957 Ryder Cup The 12th Ryder Cup Matches were held 4–5 October 1957 at Lindrick Golf Club near Worksop, England. The Great Britain team, led by captain Dai Rees, beat the United States team by a score of 7½ to 4½ points, and won the Ryder Cup for the first time since 1933. On the first day of competition was the Americans dominated the foursomes, winning three of the four matches. Dick Mayer and Tommy Bolt's 7 & 5 win over Britain's Christy O'Connor and Eric Brown was the largest margin of victory on day one. The British rallied on",
"psg_id": "9893675"
},
{
"title": "Ryder Cup",
"text": "terrorist attacks. \"The PGA of America has informed the European Ryder Cup Board that the scope of the last Tuesday's tragedy is so overwhelming that it would not be possible for the United States Ryder Cup team and officials to attend the match this month.\" The manager of Phil Mickelson and Mark Calcavecchia had earlier announced that the two players would not travel to Europe. Other American players were said to be concerned about attending the event. It was played in 2002 at the original venue with the same teams that had been selected to play a year earlier. The",
"psg_id": "906329"
},
{
"title": "1937 Ryder Cup",
"text": "at Portland, Oregon. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1927 through 1959, the format consisted of 4 foursome (alternate shot) matches on the first day and 8 singles matches on the second day, for a total of 12 points. Therefore, points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 36 holes. Source: From the start of 1937, Henry Cotton became professional to the Ashridge Golf Club and hence became eligible for selection for the British team. He had missed the 1931 edition because of a",
"psg_id": "9894232"
},
{
"title": "1927 in sports",
"text": "1927 in sports 1927 in sports describes the year's events in world sport. England Germany Italy Mexico Ukraine VFL Premiership Brownlow Medal Sweden World Series Major League Baseball Negro League Baseball ABL Championship Events Lineal world champions Grey Cup Events England Australia India New Zealand South Africa West Indies Tour de France World Figure Skating Championships Major tournaments Ryder Cup Other tournaments Events England Australia Canada France Ireland USA Stanley Cup Events Far Eastern Championship Games FIS Nordic World Ski Championships The Boat Race England Australia Five Nations Championship World Championship Speed Skating World Championships Australia England France USA Davis",
"psg_id": "2271639"
},
{
"title": "1983 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1983\" \"October 16, 1983\" Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 1983 Ryder Cup The 25th Ryder Cup Matches were held October 14–16, 1983 at the PGA National Golf Club in Palm Beach Gardens, Florida. The United States team won the competition by a score of 14½ to 13½ points, the closest Ryder Cup since the tie in 1969. In their third competition with players from the continent, Europe showed the ability to realistically challenge the Americans. This was the first of four occasions that Tony Jacklin was the European captain and the sole occasion that",
"psg_id": "9884341"
},
{
"title": "1957 Ryder Cup",
"text": "of the P.G.A. in November. Following an appeal from Rees the P.G.A. lifted the suspension on 17 April 1958. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 1957 Ryder Cup The 12th Ryder Cup Matches were held 4–5 October 1957 at Lindrick Golf Club near Worksop, England. The Great Britain team, led by captain Dai Rees, beat the United States team by a score of 7½ to 4½ points, and won the Ryder Cup for the first time since 1933. On the first day of competition was the Americans dominated the foursomes, winning three of the four",
"psg_id": "9893683"
},
{
"title": "2010 Ryder Cup",
"text": "2010 Ryder Cup The 38th Ryder Cup was held 2010 at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales. It was the 17th time the Ryder Cup had been staged in Britain, but the first time in Wales. It was played on the newly constructed \"Twenty Ten\" course, specifically designed for the event. The team captains were Colin Montgomerie for Europe and Corey Pavin for the United States. With the U.S. as the defending champion, Europe won by a score of 14½ to 13½ and regained the Cup. It was Europe's sixth victory in the last eight contests and their fourth",
"psg_id": "12514813"
},
{
"title": "1953 Ryder Cup",
"text": "He putted to 4 feet and, with Douglas taking 5, he needed to hole the putt to win the match. He missed and so the USA won 6½ to 5½. 18 hole scores: Rees v Burke: all square, Daly: 6 up, Brown: 2 up, Snead: 4 up, Middlecoff: 3 up, Turnesa: 1 up, Hunt v Douglas: all square, Bradshaw: 1 up. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 1953 Ryder Cup The 10th Ryder Cup Matches were held 2–3 October 1953 at Wentworth Club in Virginia Water, Surrey, England, west of London. The United States team",
"psg_id": "9893836"
},
{
"title": "1993 Ryder Cup",
"text": "It was widely expected that he would choose Seve Ballesteros and José María Olazábal as two of his selections and most interest centred on whether he would select Haeggman or Rafferty. Captains picks are shown in yellow. The world rankings and records are at the start of the 1993 Ryder Cup. Captains picks are shown in yellow. The world rankings and records are at the start of the 1993 Ryder Cup. Each entry refers to the Win–Loss–Half record of the player. Source: 1993 Ryder Cup The 30th Ryder Cup Matches were held in England at The Belfry in Wishaw, Warwickshire,",
"psg_id": "9882812"
},
{
"title": "2014 Ryder Cup",
"text": "matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes. If a match was level after 18 holes each side was awarded half a point. The Gleneagles Hotel, located one hour outside of Edinburgh and set in grounds of , had undergone a major redevelopment programme, partly in preparation for the 2014 Ryder Cup. The PGA Centenary Course, designed by Jack Nicklaus and one of three at Gleneagles, currently measures off the championship tees. The course was awarded the Ryder Cup in 2001, and it was originally scheduled to host the matches in 2013, however this was delayed a year due",
"psg_id": "16815601"
},
{
"title": "1969 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1969 Ryder Cup The 18th Ryder Cup Matches were held 18–20 September 1969 at the Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport, England. The competition ended in a tie at 16 points each, when America's Jack Nicklaus conceded a missable three-foot (0.9 m) putt to Britain's Tony Jacklin at the 18th hole, in one of the most famous gestures of sportsmanship in all of sport. It was the first tie in Ryder Cup history, and the United States team retained the Cup. The matches were marred by considerable acrimony and unsportsmanlike behavior by players on both sides. Britain's captain Eric Brown",
"psg_id": "9891830"
},
{
"title": "1965 Ryder Cup",
"text": "1965 Ryder Cup The 16th Ryder Cup Matches were held 7–9 October 1965 at Royal Birkdale Golf Club in Southport, England. For the first time commercialisation started to make a presence on site. The United States team won the competition by a score of 19½ to 12½ points. The Ryder Cup is a match play event, with each match worth one point. From 1963 through 1971 the competition format was as follows: With a total of 32 points, 16½ points were required to win the Cup. All matches were played to a maximum of 18 holes. Source: The British team",
"psg_id": "9892888"
}
] | [
"1987",
"one thousand, nine hundred and eighty-seven"
] |
ellen church is recognized as being the first female what? | [
{
"title": "Ellen Church",
"text": "II, Church served in the Army Nurse Corps as a captain and flight nurse and earned an Air Medal. She moved to Terre Haute, Indiana, where she became director of nursing and later an administrator at Union Hospital. In 1964, she married Leonard Briggs Marshall, president of the Terre Haute First National Bank. A horse riding accident ended her life in 1965. Cresco's municipal airport was named Ellen Church Field (KCJJ) in her honor. Ellen Church Ellen Church (September 22, 1904 – August 22, 1965) was the first female flight attendant. Church was born in Cresco, Iowa. After graduating from",
"psg_id": "8628144"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Generally recognized as safe",
"text": "Generally recognized as safe Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is an American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts, and so is exempted from the usual Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) food additive tolerance requirements. The concept of food additives being \"generally recognized as safe\" was first described in the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, and all additives introduced after this time had to be evaluated by new standards. On January 1, 1958, the FDA established the Food Additives Amendment of 1958, with a list of",
"psg_id": "3423434"
},
{
"title": "Ellen White (Snuneymuxw First Nation)",
"text": "Snuneymuxw Chief Douglas White III. Ellen White (Snuneymuxw First Nation) Ellen R. White (born circa 1922) of the Snuneymuxw First Nation is a Canadian aboriginal elder, author, and academic who has been recognized with a national Order of Canada and provincial Order of British Columbia. As a young girl, Ellen trained as a midwife, assisting at births when she was just 9 years old, and delivering children by age 16. After growing up on Vancouver Island, she moved to Nanaimo, British Columbia after marrying Doug White. She then raised her children in the Nanaimo First Nation. After 30 years as",
"psg_id": "19941201"
},
{
"title": "Ellen White (Snuneymuxw First Nation)",
"text": "Ellen White (Snuneymuxw First Nation) Ellen R. White (born circa 1922) of the Snuneymuxw First Nation is a Canadian aboriginal elder, author, and academic who has been recognized with a national Order of Canada and provincial Order of British Columbia. As a young girl, Ellen trained as a midwife, assisting at births when she was just 9 years old, and delivering children by age 16. After growing up on Vancouver Island, she moved to Nanaimo, British Columbia after marrying Doug White. She then raised her children in the Nanaimo First Nation. After 30 years as a lecturer and storyteller at",
"psg_id": "19941199"
},
{
"title": "First Church in Roxbury",
"text": "were finally self-sufficient enough to create their own church—the First Church of Roxbury. The \"official\" beginning of the church is recognized as when the first meeting house was constructed the next year. The first meetinghouse served as a central part of the community from 1632–1674. The first pastor, Reverend Thomas Weld, was ordained in July 1632 (and it is presumed that that is also when the Church's covenant, a document stated the congregation was officially recognized by the church, was signed). There is no definitive record of what the first meeting house looked like, but based on the construction of",
"psg_id": "19114731"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Nielsen",
"text": "she fell, breaking her arms. Nielsen died on 25 July 1960 at her home in Dagushan. Church members buried her at the foot of Gushan Mountain. Five days after her death, Wang was convicted of being a counter-revolutionary and was sentenced to 15 years in prison. In 1980, she, along with other missionaries, were rehabilitated and a decade later, she was recognized by the authorities in Dagushan for her contributions to the area. The Gushan Apricot, which is now a regional delicacy, was grafted from the yellow apricots Nielsen imported from Denmark and grew at the collective. Ellen Nielsen Ellen",
"psg_id": "20635377"
},
{
"title": "The Ellen Wilkinson School for Girls",
"text": "The Ellen Wilkinson School for Girls The Ellen Wilkinson School for Girls is a comprehensive, foundation secondary school for 1400 girls aged 11–19 years, located in the London borough of Ealing. The reviews are currently 3.5–4 stars. Ofsted rates them as 'good' The Headteacher is Ms R Kruger, who recently became head teacher, succeeding Ms C Sydenham. The school was named after Ellen Wilkinson, one of the first female MPs in Britain, and the first female Minister for Education. It is situated opposite North Ealing tube station and West Acton tube station is close to it. It is enclosed by",
"psg_id": "7689095"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Hansell",
"text": "Ellen Hansell Ellen Forde Hansell Allerdice (\"née\" Hansell; September 18, 1869, – May 11, 1937) was a female tennis player from the United States who is best known for being the first women's singles champion of the U.S. Championships in 1887. She was also a losing finalist to Bertha Townsend the next year. Hansell was born on September 18, 1869 in Philadelphia, the daughter of Samuel Rob Hansell, an upholstery manufacturer, and Jane Martin. She battled anemia as a child and started playing tennis on advice of her doctor. She joined the Belmont Club in Philadelphia when she was 16",
"psg_id": "6065454"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Weinberg Dreyfus",
"text": "Ellen Weinberg Dreyfus Ellen Weinberg Dreyfus is an American rabbi. She is a founder and former president of the Women's Rabbinic Network, which was founded in 1976 by fifteen female rabbinical students. She was ordained in 1979 at the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute of Religion in New York, and is to her knowledge the first woman to be ordained as a rabbi while pregnant. In 1983 she moved back to Illinois, becoming the first female rabbi in that state. In 2001 she became the first female president of the Chicago Board of Rabbis. In 2004 the Hebrew Union College-Jewish Institute",
"psg_id": "17274265"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Fairclough Building",
"text": "Ellen Fairclough Building Ellen Fairclough Building, is a 20-storey (94 m) high-rise office building built in 1981. It is the 4th tallest building in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. It's situated on the corner of King Street West and MacNab Street South. The building was first known as the Convention Centre when it first opened up in 1981. One year later in 1982, it was renamed the Ellen Fairclough Building. Ellen Fairclough was a Hamiltonian and the first female member of the Canadian Cabinet. Ellen Fairclough served under John Diefenbaker for 13 years in Parliament. She advocated for gender equality and fairer",
"psg_id": "9669106"
},
{
"title": "The Ellen DeGeneres Show",
"text": "The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show (often shortened to Ellen and stylized as ellen) is an American television variety comedy talk show hosted by comedian Ellen DeGeneres. Debuting on September 8, 2003, it is produced by Telepictures and airs in syndication, including stations owned by NBCUniversal. For its first five seasons, the show was taped in Studio 11 at NBC Studios in Burbank, California. From season 6 onwards, the show moved to being taped at Stage 1 on the nearby Warner Bros. lot. Since the beginning of the sixth season, \"Ellen\" has been broadcast in high definition. The",
"psg_id": "4508422"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Louise Mertz",
"text": "beginning with Helsingør in 1969 and culminating with Korsør in 1985. Ellen Louise Mertz Ellen Louise Mertz (20 July 1896 — 29 December 1987) was one of Denmark's first female geologists and the country's first engineering geologist. She undertook pioneering investigative work for the Danish State Railways in the late 1920s in connection with the construction of the Little Belt Bridge (completed in 1929) and was the first to propose what later became the Danish Geotechnical Institute. Mertz was born on the Engestofte estate on the island of Lolland where her father, Ludvig Olsen (1861–1928), was the estate manager. In",
"psg_id": "19128795"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Louise Mertz",
"text": "Ellen Louise Mertz Ellen Louise Mertz (20 July 1896 — 29 December 1987) was one of Denmark's first female geologists and the country's first engineering geologist. She undertook pioneering investigative work for the Danish State Railways in the late 1920s in connection with the construction of the Little Belt Bridge (completed in 1929) and was the first to propose what later became the Danish Geotechnical Institute. Mertz was born on the Engestofte estate on the island of Lolland where her father, Ludvig Olsen (1861–1928), was the estate manager. In her late teens, she served an apprenticeship on a farm in",
"psg_id": "19128790"
},
{
"title": "Generally recognized as safe",
"text": "substance does not qualify for the GRAS exemption, that use of the substance is subject to the premarket approval mandated by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. In such circumstances, the FDA can take enforcement action to stop distribution of the food substance and foods containing it on the grounds that such foods are or contain an unlawful food additive. Generally recognized as safe Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) is an American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) designation that a chemical or substance added to food is considered safe by experts, and so is exempted from the usual Federal",
"psg_id": "3423438"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Tigh",
"text": "injuries. Cavil visited her during the attacks every 33 minutes and talked about the Final Five and how only four were in the Fleet. Ellen slipped in and out of consciousness and apparently didn't hear him or register what he was saying. The Cavil eventually set himself up on \"Galactica\" as a clergyman with Ellen being unaware of his identity for a long time. Ellen enjoys flirting with various men and working to enhance her and Saul's personal position. During the first Quorum of Twelve assembly, she shakes hands with terrorist-turned-politician Tom Zarek immediately after her husband refuses to. She",
"psg_id": "7371267"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Chapman",
"text": "Ellen Chapman Ellen Chapman was an English suffragist and local politician, and the first woman councillor for Worthing. Ellen Chapman was the first woman to run for election to Worthing Borough Council, and in 1910 became the first woman councillor, and one of the first woman councillors in England. In 1920, Chapman became Worthing's first female mayor, and the first female mayor anywhere in Sussex. She was a great benefactor of the poor in Worthing and lived in Ardsheal Road, Broadwater. Chapman had been selected to be mayor in 1914 but the choice was vetoed at the last minute because",
"psg_id": "20755722"
},
{
"title": "Generally recognized as safe",
"text": "may be corroborated by unpublished studies and other data and information. The substance must be shown to be \"generally recognized\" as safe under the conditions of its intended use. The proponent of the exemption has the burden of proving that the use of the substance is \"generally recognized\" as safe. To establish such recognition, the proponent must show that there is a consensus of expert opinion regarding the safety of the use of the substance. The existence of a severe conflict among experts regarding the safety of a substance precludes a finding of general recognition. When a use of a",
"psg_id": "3423437"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Hansell",
"text": "had won the all-comer's event against Marion Wright in the final, and Townsend won the match in straight sets. Hansell did not win another tournament and retired from the game in 1890. She married Taylor Allerdice and the couple had six children. Hansell was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1965. Ellen Hansell Ellen Forde Hansell Allerdice (\"née\" Hansell; September 18, 1869, – May 11, 1937) was a female tennis player from the United States who is best known for being the first women's singles champion of the U.S. Championships in 1887. She was also a losing",
"psg_id": "6065457"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Hayes",
"text": "Ellen Hayes Ellen Amanda Hayes (September 23, 1851 – October 27, 1930) was an American mathematician and astronomer. She was a controversial character for not only being a female professor, but also embracing many radical causes. Hayes was born in Granville, Ohio the first of six children to Charles Coleman and Ruth Rebecca (Wolcott) Hayes. At the age of seven she studied at the Centerville school, a one-room ungraded public school, and at sixteen taught at a country school to earn money. In 1872 she entered the preparatory department at Oberlin College and was admitted as a freshman in 1875,",
"psg_id": "15314223"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Moyer",
"text": "Ellen Moyer Ellen Oosterling Moyer (born February 12, 1936) is an American politician and a member of the Democratic Party. She was the first woman to serve as Mayor of Annapolis, Maryland, having been elected in 2001. As mayor, she established the Annapolis Conservancy Board and the city's Greenscape program. Moyer was born Ellen Louise Oosterling to parents Henry John Oosterling and Mina (Johnson) Oosterling in Camden, New Jersey. She was raised in Towson, Maryland, and later attended Penn State University. She has been named a Distinguished Alumnus of Towson High School and Penn State's Board of Trustees recognized her",
"psg_id": "6582275"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Foster",
"text": "for First Fiction and a citation from the Ernest Hemingway Foundation. While some readers criticized the events of the novel as being melodramatic, others asserted that Ellen's wisdom, resilience, and tenacity save her narrative from becoming a sentimental tearjerker. Gibbons has said that some of the events of the novel—Ellen's mother's suicide and Ellen's subsequent movement from one relative's home to another—reflect her own childhood experiences. Ellen is indeed a lonely child, quietly observing the happiness of other families, yearning to belong, and making mental notes about what her perfect family should be like. Ellen Foster is ultimately a coming-of-age",
"psg_id": "4389778"
},
{
"title": "Mary Ellen Smith",
"text": "Mary Ellen Smith Mary Ellen Spear Smith (October 11, 1861 or 1863 – May 3, 1933) was a politician in British Columbia, Canada. She was the first female Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) in the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia, and both the first female cabinet minister and the first female Speaker in the British Empire. Smith was born Mary Ellen Spear in England. Her father, Richard Spear, was a copper miner. She became a school teacher before marrying Ralph Smith, a widower and coal miner. She moved with him to British Columbia in the early 1891, shortly after",
"psg_id": "3928013"
},
{
"title": "Ellen G. White",
"text": "presentation on the subject.\" Ellen G. White Ellen Gould White (née Ellen Gould Harmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an author and an American Christian pioneer. Along with other Sabbatarian Adventist leaders such as Joseph Bates and her husband James White, she formed what became known as the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The \"Smithsonian\" magazine named Ellen G. White among the \"100 Most Significant Americans of All Time. White claimed to have received over 2,000 visions and dreams from God in public and private meetings throughout her life, which were witnessed by Adventist pioneers and the general public.",
"psg_id": "1938884"
},
{
"title": "Ellen G. White",
"text": "Ellen G. White Ellen Gould White (née Ellen Gould Harmon; November 26, 1827 – July 16, 1915) was an author and an American Christian pioneer. Along with other Sabbatarian Adventist leaders such as Joseph Bates and her husband James White, she formed what became known as the Seventh-day Adventist Church. The \"Smithsonian\" magazine named Ellen G. White among the \"100 Most Significant Americans of All Time. White claimed to have received over 2,000 visions and dreams from God in public and private meetings throughout her life, which were witnessed by Adventist pioneers and the general public. She verbally described and",
"psg_id": "1938846"
},
{
"title": "Mary Ellen W. Smoot",
"text": "that produced a history of Centerville, Utah, entitled,\"Centerville Utah: Our American Hometown.\" Mary Ellen W. Smoot Mary Ellen Wood Smoot (born August 19, 1933) was the thirteenth Relief Society General President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1997 to 2002. Mary Ellen Wood was born in Ogden, Utah, and raised in Clearfield, Utah. Her parents, Melvin G. and LaVora Wood, had both been LDS missionaries. Her mother went on a mission to California in 1915, her father served in Texas. Her father managed a canning factory, her mother hired all of the female workers.",
"psg_id": "10756448"
},
{
"title": "Mary Ellen W. Smoot",
"text": "Mary Ellen W. Smoot Mary Ellen Wood Smoot (born August 19, 1933) was the thirteenth Relief Society General President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1997 to 2002. Mary Ellen Wood was born in Ogden, Utah, and raised in Clearfield, Utah. Her parents, Melvin G. and LaVora Wood, had both been LDS missionaries. Her mother went on a mission to California in 1915, her father served in Texas. Her father managed a canning factory, her mother hired all of the female workers. She was born fifth in a family of six daughters. In 1952,",
"psg_id": "10756442"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Cleghorne",
"text": "Ellen Cleghorne Ellen Cleghorne (born November 29, 1965) is an American actress and comedian, best known as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1991 to 1995. Cleghorne was the sketch comedy show's second African-American female repertory cast member, succeeding Danitra Vance in its eleventh season, and the first African-American female cast member to stay for more than one season. She returned for its 40th anniversary special on February 15, 2015. Cleghorne was ranked the 69th greatest \"Saturday Night Live\" cast member by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine. A native of the Red Hook Projects in Brooklyn, New York, Cleghorne is",
"psg_id": "5707856"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Cheney Johnson",
"text": "in 1874. In the meantime, Ellen became the leading advocate for the Temporary Asylum of Discharged Female Prisoners in Dedham, MA. The Reformatory Prison for women was finally opened in 1877 in Sherborn, near Framingham, MA. Ellen, being one of the five commissioners for the prison, became the superintendent of the prison. Ellen Cheney Johnson, while running the at the turn of the nineteenth century, tried to bridge the approaches of rehabilitation and punishment. As she put it in her own writings, \"No lesson is more important than that which teaches respect for the law and dread of its wrath.",
"psg_id": "16093261"
},
{
"title": "Generally recognized as safe and effective",
"text": "Generally recognized as safe and effective Generally recognized as safe and effective (abbreviated as GRASE, GRAS/E, or GRAS/GRAE) is designation for certain old drugs that do not require prior approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in order to enter the United States marketplace because they are generally recognized as safe and effective by medical professionals. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act defines a \"new drug\", which requires prior approval, as any drug \"the composition of which is such that such drug is not generally recognized, among experts qualified by scientific training and experience to evaluate the safety",
"psg_id": "10555040"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Cleghorne",
"text": "2015, she was one of the contestants for \"\", finishing in 3rd place. Ellen Cleghorne Ellen Cleghorne (born November 29, 1965) is an American actress and comedian, best known as a cast member of \"Saturday Night Live\" from 1991 to 1995. Cleghorne was the sketch comedy show's second African-American female repertory cast member, succeeding Danitra Vance in its eleventh season, and the first African-American female cast member to stay for more than one season. She returned for its 40th anniversary special on February 15, 2015. Cleghorne was ranked the 69th greatest \"Saturday Night Live\" cast member by \"Rolling Stone\" magazine.",
"psg_id": "5707861"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Tracy",
"text": "Ellen Tracy Founded by Herbert Gallen in 1949, Ellen Tracy is a clothing manufacturer selling to the international market. Its annual volume now exceeds $150 million. The company has three divisions, the Linda Allard for Ellen Tracy signature collection of career wear, the Ellen Tracy Dresses and Company by Ellen Tracy. Revlon has also produced an Ellen Tracy perfume. As a result of wartime restrictions during World War II, fabric became difficult to find and Herbert Gallen recognized that this was a chance for him. He got fabric from a friend and produced several blouses which he took to major",
"psg_id": "18124380"
},
{
"title": "What Is Art?",
"text": "What Is Art? What is Art? ( \"Chto takoye iskusstvo?\") is a book by Leo Tolstoy. It was completed in Russian in 1897 but first published in English due to difficulties with the Russian censors. Tolstoy cites the time, effort, public funds, and public respect spent on art and artists as well as the imprecision of general opinions on art as reason for writing the book. In his words, \"it is difficult to say what is meant by art, and especially what is good, useful art, art for the sake of which we might condone such sacrifices as are being",
"psg_id": "2966075"
},
{
"title": "Mary Ellen Bock",
"text": "Mary Ellen Bock Mary Ellen Johnston Bock is a retired American statistician, now a professor emeritus at Purdue University after becoming the first female full professor of statistics and the first female chair of the department there. She was president of the American Statistical Association in 2007. As an undergraduate at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Bock earned a bachelor's degree in the German language in 1967. She switched to mathematics for her graduate studies at the same university, completing her PhD in 1974 under the supervision of Robert B. Ash with a dissertation on \"Certain Minimax Estimators of",
"psg_id": "20385765"
},
{
"title": "Ellen White (Snuneymuxw First Nation)",
"text": "University of British Columbia, White was instrumental in establishing the First Nations Studies program at Vancouver Island University (then Malaspina College) in 1994, and spent 13 years there as an Elder-in-Residence. Known as \"Auntie Ellen\" to students, staff, and faculty, White received an Honorary Doctorate from VIU in 2006 for her years of dedication to education and community service. The Kwulasulwut Garden located at VIU's Nanaimo campus is dedicated to Dr. Ellen White using her Coast Salish name Kwulasulwut, meaning \"many stars\". The garden includes a totem pole by Coast Salish artist Jane Marston. Ellen White is the grandmother of",
"psg_id": "19941200"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Moers",
"text": "Ellen Moers Ellen Moers (1928–1978) was an American academic and literary scholar. She is best known for her pioneering contribution to gynocriticism, \"Literary Women\" (1976). After two exact, but conventional books (on the dandy and on Theodore Dreiser), Moers was caught up by Second-wave feminism, which she credits with “pulling me out of the stacks” and thereby ultimately with producing \"Literary Women\". In the latter she established the existence of a strong nineteenth-century tradition of (international) women writers - her identification within it of the role of what she called 'female Gothic' proving especially influential. In the fast-moving (and not",
"psg_id": "19448897"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Moers",
"text": "traditions, Catholic and Protestant. Ellen Moers Ellen Moers (1928–1978) was an American academic and literary scholar. She is best known for her pioneering contribution to gynocriticism, \"Literary Women\" (1976). After two exact, but conventional books (on the dandy and on Theodore Dreiser), Moers was caught up by Second-wave feminism, which she credits with “pulling me out of the stacks” and thereby ultimately with producing \"Literary Women\". In the latter she established the existence of a strong nineteenth-century tradition of (international) women writers - her identification within it of the role of what she called 'female Gothic' proving especially influential. In",
"psg_id": "19448899"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Harvelle",
"text": "she is \"the elder who can help guide the boys from a home base and serve as an emotional link to their father, a parental figure without all the melodramatic baggage of the actual father from the first season.\" Maureen Ryan of \"Chicago Tribune\" was \"annoyed\" at the destruction of the Roadhouse in the second season finale, as she \"really loved Ellen.\" Diana Steenbergen of \"IGN\" also favored Ellen from the beginning, believing her to be \"a great addition to the show.\" She deemed Ellen \"tough and direct, and also female, something the boys don't have a lot of in",
"psg_id": "9009774"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth",
"text": "a contemporaneous photograph of Ellen Terry wearing the dress. It also holds a grisaille oil sketch made by Sargent for Terry's golden jubilee programme in 1906, depicting Terry as Lady Macbeth standing at the entrance to a castle with robed attendants, based on an earlier colour drawing held at Smallhythe Place. Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth is an oil painting by John Singer Sargent. Painted in 1889, it depicts actress Ellen Terry in a famous performance of William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Macbeth\", wearing a green dress decorated with iridescent beetle wings. The play was produced by",
"psg_id": "15976271"
},
{
"title": "Generally recognized as safe and effective",
"text": "new drug if it is generally recognized as safe and effective (GRAS/GRAE) and has been used to a material extent and for a material time… As mentioned above, the Agency believes it is not likely that any currently marketed prescription drug product is grandfathered or is otherwise not a new drug. However, the Agency recognizes that it is at least theoretically possible.\" Generally recognized as safe and effective Generally recognized as safe and effective (abbreviated as GRASE, GRAS/E, or GRAS/GRAE) is designation for certain old drugs that do not require prior approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in",
"psg_id": "10555042"
},
{
"title": "Ellen McCormack",
"text": "one of her pregnancies. She died at an assisted living facility with her family, in Avon, Connecticut. Ellen McCormack Ellen Cullen McCormack (September 15, 1926 – March 27, 2011) was a candidate for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination in 1976. McCormack was one of the first female candidates for president, alongside women like Shirley Chisholm. McCormack, generally identified during her 1976 campaign as a \"housewife\", appeared on the ballot in 18 states, more than any female candidate to that point (Republican or Democrat). She was also the first woman to raise enough money to qualify for federal matching funds and",
"psg_id": "7097756"
},
{
"title": "Ellen McCormack",
"text": "Ellen McCormack Ellen Cullen McCormack (September 15, 1926 – March 27, 2011) was a candidate for the Democratic Party's presidential nomination in 1976. McCormack was one of the first female candidates for president, alongside women like Shirley Chisholm. McCormack, generally identified during her 1976 campaign as a \"housewife\", appeared on the ballot in 18 states, more than any female candidate to that point (Republican or Democrat). She was also the first woman to raise enough money to qualify for federal matching funds and Secret Service protection. She ran on an exclusively pro-life platform and won no primaries, but had her",
"psg_id": "7097754"
},
{
"title": "Ellen; or, The Fanatic's Daughter",
"text": "worse than black slaves, and all men are portrayed as being scheming, greedy capitalists. It is during her travels that Ellen comes across Parson Blake, an evil abolitionist priest who encourages abolitionism more to steal Southern wealth rather than to aid runaway slaves. Blake attempts several sinister schemes to deter Ellen from returning home, but Ellen luckily escapes his clutches and returns home safely to Louisiana. \"Ellen\" was first published in novelised form by S.H. Goetzel & Co. of Mobile, Alabama in 1860. Reaction to the novel is unknown, although one surviving copy of the work - currently in the",
"psg_id": "13445141"
},
{
"title": "Asheville Female College",
"text": "Asheville Female College The Asheville Female College was the first institution of higher education in the western portion of North Carolina, founded as the Asheville Female Seminary in 1841 by John Dickson, M.D. and Rev. Erasmus Rowley, D.D. The school had its first quarters on the corner of Patton Avenue and Church Street in Asheville, North Carolina. Between 1851 and 1855 the school became the property of the Holston Conference of the Methodist Church and its name was changed to the Holston Conference Female College. It found a home in other buildings on what later became its permanent campus, a",
"psg_id": "13087105"
},
{
"title": "What U See Is What U Get",
"text": "What U See Is What U Get \"What U See Is What U Get\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise of the video is Xzibit's trek to a nearby shop after being asked to pick up some milk. On his way, Xzibit greets several friends,",
"psg_id": "10424356"
},
{
"title": "What Is the What",
"text": "What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when the Arab militia, referred to as \"murahaleen\" (which is Arabic for the deported), wipes out his Dinka village, Marial Bai. During the assault, he loses sight",
"psg_id": "9406939"
},
{
"title": "Sue Ellen Ewing",
"text": "Sue Ellen Ewing Sue Ellen Ewing (maiden name Shepard) is a fictional character and one of the female leads in the CBS primetime soap opera \"Dallas\" and its continuation series. Sue Ellen is portrayed by actress Linda Gray and has appeared on the show since its pilot episode, first broadcast on April 2, 1978. \"Dallas\" follows the trials of the wealthy Ewing family in the city of Dallas, Texas, into which Sue Ellen married when she wed J.R. Ewing. Gray played Sue Ellen until the twelfth season of \"Dallas\", when her character finally leaves Texas after beating J.R. at his",
"psg_id": "6876604"
},
{
"title": "The Ellen Show",
"text": "The Ellen Show The Ellen Show is a television sitcom created by and starring Ellen DeGeneres that was broadcast during the 2001–02 season on CBS. It was DeGeneres's second attempt at a sitcom, following \"Ellen\" on ABC (1994–98), but it was unable to attract strong ratings and was quickly cancelled after 13 episodes, leaving 5 episodes unaired. After coming out as a lesbian on her first sitcom, DeGeneres's character on \"The Ellen Show\", Ellen Richmond, was also a lesbian, although the show did not focus as heavily on the character's sexuality as did the final season of her first sitcom.",
"psg_id": "6384131"
},
{
"title": "Ellen G. White",
"text": "with major research collections about Adventism. An \"Encyclopedia of Ellen G. White\" is being produced by two faculty at Andrews University: Jerry Moon, chair of the church history department, and Denis Fortin, dean of the Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary. \"Red Books: Our Search for Ellen White\" is a play about White, a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and the various perceptions of her throughout the history of the church. It was produced by the Dramatic Arts Society of Pacific Union College in California. It was based on interviews collected from over 200 individuals. The title derives from White's books,",
"psg_id": "1938874"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Tuckey",
"text": "the teaching diploma and spent time studying in Bryn Mawr College in the United States. Tuckey taught for several years in both India and Canada before returning to Dublin to become Head Mistress of the Masonic Female Orphan School of Ireland, Ballsbridge, Dublin. She died unexpectedly aged 56 on 22 May 1939. Ellen Tuckey Ellen Marguerite Tuckey (1884-1939) was one of the first three women to enter Trinity College, Dublin in 1904 with Avarina Shegog after Marion Johnston . Ellen, or Elsie as she was also known, was born on the 4 February 1884 to Ellen Elizabeth Orpen and Davys",
"psg_id": "20838599"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Clapsaddle",
"text": "Ellen Clapsaddle Ellen Hattie Clapsaddle (January 8, 1865 - January 7, 1934) was an American illustrator/commercial artist in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Not only is her style greatly admired and well recognized, today she is recognized as the most prolific souvenir/postcard and greeting card artist of her era. Clapsaddle was born during the Civil War period in the small farming community of South Columbia in Herkimer County, New York, near Columbia, New York on January 8, 1865. She was the child of Dennis L. and Harriet (Beckwith) Clapsaddle. From an early age she loved to draw—she is",
"psg_id": "12084651"
},
{
"title": "What Is the What",
"text": "That Happens Will Happen Today\". Tom Tykwer plans to adapt the novel into a film. In 2009, the novel received the Prix Médicis étranger in France. What Is the What What Is the What: The Autobiography of Valentino Achak Deng is a 2006 novel written by Dave Eggers. It is based on the life of Valentino Achak Deng, a Sudanese child refugee who immigrated to the United States under the Lost Boys of Sudan program. It was a finalist for the National Book Award. As a boy, Achak is separated from his family during the Second Sudanese Civil War when",
"psg_id": "9406947"
},
{
"title": "Free Church of Antioch",
"text": "church, the Catholic Apostolic Church of Antioch. Shortly before his death at the age of 102, Watters founded the Free Church of Antioch. One of his great concerns and motivations in founding the Free Church of Antioch was to re-establish what he believed was a needed balance of female and male in spiritual service. This concern was reflected in his ordination of many women as priests, and in the consecration of many women as bishops. Upon his death in 1992, Watters was succeeded by his wife, Archbishop Ellen Watters. Upon her death at the age of 95 on January 12,",
"psg_id": "6732434"
},
{
"title": "What Work Is",
"text": "What Work Is What Work Is is a collection of poetry by Philip Levine. The collection has many themes that are representative of Levine's writing including physical labor, class identity, family relationships and personal loss. Its primary focus on work and the working class led to it being studied with emphasis on Marxist literary criticism. The focus on work is expressed in thematically different ways throughout the collection. Furthermore, much of the collection was shaped by concerns for blue collar workers as well as nationwide political events. \"What Work Is\" was first published in 1991 by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.",
"psg_id": "15983617"
},
{
"title": "Mary Ellen Tracy",
"text": "Tracy was featured on a television broadcast of \"Donahue\", as well as \"The Montel Williams Show\", appearing with such other New-Age spiritualists as Aidan Kelly, First Officer of the \"Southern California Local Council of the Covenant of the Goddess\", and Avilynn Waters of the \"Los Angeles Nest of the Church of All Worlds\". Mary Ellen Tracy Mary Ellen Tracy (aka Sabrina Aset) (born 1943) is the high priestess of the Church of the Most High Goddess, who was convicted in 1989 of a single misdemeanor count of running a house of prostitution in connection with the operation of the church,",
"psg_id": "14438160"
},
{
"title": "What Wondrous Love Is This",
"text": "of his \"American Hymnsong Suite\" (2003) for concert band. In 1966, the United Methodist \"Book of Hymns\" became the first standard hymnal to incorporate \"What Wondrous Love Is This\". \"What Wondrous Love Is This\" is now a widely known hymn and is included in many major hymnals, including the \"Baptist Hymnal\", \"Book of Praise\" (Presbyterian), \"Chalice Hymnal\" (Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)), \"Common Praise\" (Anglican), \"The Hymnal 1982\" (Episcopalian), \"Lutheran Book of Worship\", \"New Century Hymnal\" (United Church of Christ), \"Presbyterian Hymnal\", \"Voices United\" (United Church of Canada), \"The Worshipping Church\" (interdenominational), \"Worship\" (Roman Catholic), and \"Singing the Living Tradition\"",
"psg_id": "17193709"
},
{
"title": "First Presbyterian Church (Utica, New York)",
"text": "was there that First Presbyterian Church was organized, the oldest church in what was to become Utica. First Church was a sister to Whitesboro Presbyterian Church, being one and the same at the beginning of 1793 and known as \"The United Society of Whitestown.\" On February 18, 1794, this society was received into the Presbytery of Albany, being then farther west than any other Presbyterian church. The Rev. Bethuel Dodd was appointed and installed as the Society's first pastor on August 21, 1794. Officiating in both congregations, Dodd spent two thirds of his time in Whitestown and one third in",
"psg_id": "11787254"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth",
"text": "Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth Ellen Terry as Lady Macbeth is an oil painting by John Singer Sargent. Painted in 1889, it depicts actress Ellen Terry in a famous performance of William Shakespeare's tragedy \"Macbeth\", wearing a green dress decorated with iridescent beetle wings. The play was produced by Henry Irving at the Lyceum Theatre, London, with Irving also playing Macbeth opposite Terry. Sargent attended the opening night on 29 December 1888 and was inspired to paint Terry's portrait almost immediately. Terry's spectacular gown was designed by Alice Comyns Carr (1850–1927) and made in crochet by Ada Nettleship, using a",
"psg_id": "15976265"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Barrett",
"text": "Ellen Barrett Ellen Marie Barrett (born February 10, 1946) is an American priest of the Episcopal Church. She was the first open lesbian to be ordained to the priesthood following the Episcopal Church's General Convention approval of the ordination of women in 1977. Barrett's candor about her homosexuality caused great controversy within the church. Even prior to her ordination, she was a prominent spokesperson for the rights of gays and lesbians in the church, especially regarding their ordination. Barret was born in Lawrence, Kansas. Her parents were Linton Lomas Barrett and Marie Hamilton McDavid. Prior to her ordination to the",
"psg_id": "12005805"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Thomas (scientist)",
"text": "Ellen Thomas (scientist) Ellen Thomas (born 1950, Hengelo) is a Dutch-born environmental scientist and geologist at Wesleyan University, and a senior research scientist at Yale University. Thomas attended the University of Utrecht (BSc, 1971; MSc 1975; and PhD, 1979). Thomas studies environmental and climate change over geologic timescales, specializing in the study of benthic foraminifera. Thomas was the first scientist to discover a mass extinction in benthic foraminifera close to the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, now recognized as a result of the climate event known as the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum. Thomas is the current editor-in-chief of the journal \"Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology\", published",
"psg_id": "20225031"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown",
"text": "Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown (married name Ellen Hemsted) (1878 – 1958) was a British female badminton and tennis player. She has notably competed mainly in the All England Open Badminton Championships and Wimbledon Championships. Ellen Mary is the first woman ever to serve overarm in the Ladies' singles at the Wimbledon Championships. Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown represented United Kingdom simultaneously in both international badminton competitions and Tennis competitions during the early 20th century (in 1900's). She competed at the Wimbledon Championships in 1901, 1902, 1903, 1904 and 1905. Her notable achievement including the mixed doubles title victory along with",
"psg_id": "20518346"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Rosenblum",
"text": "two grown children. Ellen Rosenblum Ellen F. Rosenblum (born January 6, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the Oregon Attorney General since 2012. She is the first female state attorney general in Oregon's history, and previously was a judge on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 2005 to 2011. Rosenblum was born in Berkeley, California, one of eight children of Jewish parents Victor and Louise Rosenblum. The family moved to Evanston, Illinois, where her father was a law professor at Northwestern University for 40 years,; he was also president of Reed College from 1968 to",
"psg_id": "16570184"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Rosenblum",
"text": "Ellen Rosenblum Ellen F. Rosenblum (born January 6, 1951) is an American lawyer and politician who has served as the Oregon Attorney General since 2012. She is the first female state attorney general in Oregon's history, and previously was a judge on the Oregon Court of Appeals from 2005 to 2011. Rosenblum was born in Berkeley, California, one of eight children of Jewish parents Victor and Louise Rosenblum. The family moved to Evanston, Illinois, where her father was a law professor at Northwestern University for 40 years,; he was also president of Reed College from 1968 to 1970. She graduated",
"psg_id": "16570179"
},
{
"title": "What U See Is What U Get",
"text": "the music videos for Xzibit's songs \"Paparazzi\" and \"The Foundation\". The music video peaked at 1 during 6 weeks at BET's \"Rap City\". 12\" Promo What U See Is What U Get \"What U See Is What U Get\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise",
"psg_id": "10424358"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown",
"text": "F. S. Collier at the 1901 All England Badminton Championships. She also competed at the 1906 All England Badminton Championships. Ellen's great grandson, Tim Henman is a popular retired tennis player. Her granddaughter, Jane Henman is also a tennis player who represents England in international level. Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown Ellen Mary Stawell-Brown (married name Ellen Hemsted) (1878 – 1958) was a British female badminton and tennis player. She has notably competed mainly in the All England Open Badminton Championships and Wimbledon Championships. Ellen Mary is the first woman ever to serve overarm in the Ladies' singles at the Wimbledon Championships.",
"psg_id": "20518347"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Jorgensen",
"text": "is currently adjunct faculty at The Cooper Union in New York City. She has given two TED talks: \"Biohacking -- you can do it, too\" and \"What you need to know about CRISPR\", which have received over two million views. In 2009, Ellen Jorgensen co-founded Genspace, the first nonprofit community biotech lab. In 2010, Jorgensen initiated Genspace's curriculum of informal science education, leading to the company being named one the World's Top 10 Innovative Companies in Education. The goal of Genspace is to increase scientific literacy in the general public by providing classes and workshops, as well as a space",
"psg_id": "20591024"
},
{
"title": "Ellen McArthur",
"text": "married and had no children. A monetary endowment created by her will at the University of Cambridge, the Ellen McArthur Fund, has supported lectures, research studentships and other awards relating to economic history. Ellen McArthur Ellen Annette McArthur (1862–1927) was a British economic historian. She was educated at Girton College, Cambridge, where she later became the Tutor in history. In 1893 she became the first female lecturer at the University of Cambridge Local Examinations & Lectures Syndicate. She was the first woman to receive the degree of Doctor of Letters (Litt. D.) from the University of Dublin, under ad eundem",
"psg_id": "13937952"
},
{
"title": "First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio)",
"text": "the church building, it is a brick Victorian house built before the first church building was destroyed. First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio) First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the city of Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located at 303 W. Washington Street, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its unusual architecture. Organized in 1861, the congregation built its first church building on the southwestern corner of the intersection of Washington and Webster Streets, two blocks away from the Henry County Courthouse. Approximately forty years later, the original building was destroyed and the present structure erected",
"psg_id": "14340467"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Thomas (scientist)",
"text": "by the American Geophysical Union. The Micropalaeontological Society - 2016 Brady Medal. American Geophysical Union - 2012 Maurice Ewing Medal. Fellow AAAS, 2011 . Ellen Thomas (scientist) Ellen Thomas (born 1950, Hengelo) is a Dutch-born environmental scientist and geologist at Wesleyan University, and a senior research scientist at Yale University. Thomas attended the University of Utrecht (BSc, 1971; MSc 1975; and PhD, 1979). Thomas studies environmental and climate change over geologic timescales, specializing in the study of benthic foraminifera. Thomas was the first scientist to discover a mass extinction in benthic foraminifera close to the Paleocene-Eocene boundary, now recognized as",
"psg_id": "20225032"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Call Long",
"text": "and petition for state recognition of Confederate Memorial Day. The women of the Tallahassee Association adopted April 26 as an annual day of observance for the Confederate veterans in what was later called Confederate Memorial Day, which the state of Florida later recognized. As Ellen Call Long later wrote on the Ladies Memorial Association: “Our purpose is purely religious – a labor of love – the sacred care of the dead, to reclaim from oblivion and defamation the memory and graves of those who, ‘right or wrong,’ stood by their country's cause... In no invidious spirit do we come; the",
"psg_id": "19025443"
},
{
"title": "Mary Ellen Bute",
"text": "Mary Ellen Bute Mary Ellen Bute (November 21, 1906 – October 17, 1983) was a pioneer American film animator significant as one of the first female experimental filmmakers. Her specialty was visual music and, while working in New York between 1934 and 1953, made fourteen short, abstract musical films. Many of these were seen in regular movie theaters, such as Radio City Music Hall, usually preceding a prestigious film. Several of her later abstract films were categorized as part of her \"Seeing Sound\" series. A native of Houston, Mary Ellen Bute studied painting in Texas and, subsequently, Philadelphia, then stage",
"psg_id": "7913395"
},
{
"title": "The Female Animal",
"text": "Penny reveals her true identity, he ends up having a fling with her and becomes unsure what to do. A jealous Vanessa catches him speaking with Penny and sarcastically congratulates him on landing both mother and daughter. A depressed Vanessa later tries to kill herself. Chris rescues her again and she assures him that she will not try it again, but once he leaves, she sobs into her pillow. \"The Female Animal\" was the \"A\" picture that was distributed as a double-bill with the \"B\" picture being Orson Welles's \"Touch of Evil\". The Female Animal The Female Animal is a",
"psg_id": "18431970"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Swallow Richards House",
"text": "many accomplishments. The house is also a contributing resources to the Monument Square Historic District. Ellen Swallow Richards House The Ellen H. Swallow Richards House is a National Historic Landmark house at 32 Eliot Street in Jamaica Plain, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It was the home of Ellen Swallow Richards (1842–1911) from 1876 (shortly after her marriage to Robert Hallowell Richards) until her death. Richards was the first woman to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was its first female instructor. She introduced revolutionary ideas about home sanitation, and conducted pioneering work (some of it in this",
"psg_id": "11990028"
},
{
"title": "The Ellen DeGeneres Show",
"text": "now filmed in Studio 1 (named \"The Ellen Stage\" since her 2,000th show, which took place in November 2015) on the Warner Bros. lot in Burbank. The executive producers are DeGeneres, Mary Connelly, Ed Glavin, Andy Lassner, and Jim Paratore. The writing staff has included Karen Kilgariff (former head writer), Karen Anderson, Margaret Smith, and DeGeneres. Margaret Smith left the show to work on her own projects, including her first book, \"What Was I Thinking? How Being a Stand Up Did Nothing to Prepare Me to Become a Single Mother\" (Crossroad Publishing, 2008). Amy Rhodes, a former writer for the",
"psg_id": "4508433"
},
{
"title": "Mary Ellen Barbera",
"text": "Mary Ellen Barbera Mary Ellen Barbera (born September 10, 1951) is an American lawyer and jurist from Baltimore, Maryland. Since July 8, 2013, she has served as Chief Judge on the Maryland Court of Appeals, the highest court in the state. Until 2008, she served as a judge on the Court of Appeals representing the 7th Appellate Judicial Circuit (Montgomery County). Barbera, a graduate of the University of Maryland School of Law, is the first female Chief Judge of the Maryland Court of Appeals. Prior to her appointment to the Court of Appeals, she served as an at large judge",
"psg_id": "17405080"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Dolan (comics)",
"text": "Ellen Dolan (comics) Dr. Ellen Dolan is a fictional character from the comic book \"The Spirit\", by cartoonist Will Eisner. She first appeared in \"The Spirit\" in March 1944. Ellen is the daughter of Police Commissioner Eustace Dolan. Ellen Dolan first appeared in the second Spirit tale, dated June 9, 1940. \"The Spirit\" literally bumped into her and her fiancé, Homer Creep, whilst sharing a taxi which is being driven by Ebony White. In this story Ellen was still in college while the two went to visit her father, Commissioner Dolan. She asked her father if she could look through",
"psg_id": "12408709"
},
{
"title": "First Lutheran Church (Winthrop, Minnesota)",
"text": "First Lutheran Church (Winthrop, Minnesota) First Lutheran Church is a Lutheran church in Winthrop, Minnesota. The church is easily recognized by its tall steeple and its large stained glass windows. The church is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), belonging to the Southwestern Minnesota Synod / Minnesota Valley Conference. The church was established in 1884 by C.M. Ryden, who was the pastor at the nearby Bernadotte Lutheran Church in Bernadotte, Minnesota. Originally named \"Swedish Lutheran Church\", the church changed its name to \"First Evangelical Lutheran Church\" in 1922. It is commonly known by the shortened name",
"psg_id": "19261313"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Oléria",
"text": "Ellen Oléria Ellen Gomes de Oléria, known as Ellen Oléria (born 12 November 1982) is a Brazilian singer, musician, songwriter, and actress. Ellen was born in Brasília, Distrito Federal and was raised in \"Chaparral\", a region of Taguatinga. Initially more interested in instruments, she began to sing in church choirs, by her parents influence. She started her musical career at sixteen. As an actress, she graduated in Performing Arts from the University of Brasília, in 2007. Ellen mixes bossa nova, funk, hip hop, Música popular brasileira, samba, soul and poetry in letters and songs of her own. She opened for",
"psg_id": "17185945"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Schlichting",
"text": "for surgical topics. Ellen Schlichting Ellen Schlichting (born 27 July 1957 in Oslo) is a Norwegian gastroenterological surgeon. She was the first President of the Norwegian Society of Gastroenterology from 1998 to 2000. Schlichting graduated with the cand.med. degree in 1984 and received a dr.med. degree in 1995, both at the University of Oslo. She became a specialist in gastroenterological surgery in 1998. She was one of the first female surgeons in Norway. Since 2002 she has been head of gastroenterological surgery at Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål. Schlichting was a contributor to \"Store medisinske leksikon\" (Norwegian Encyclopedia of Medicine), where",
"psg_id": "19762135"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Schlichting",
"text": "Ellen Schlichting Ellen Schlichting (born 27 July 1957 in Oslo) is a Norwegian gastroenterological surgeon. She was the first President of the Norwegian Society of Gastroenterology from 1998 to 2000. Schlichting graduated with the cand.med. degree in 1984 and received a dr.med. degree in 1995, both at the University of Oslo. She became a specialist in gastroenterological surgery in 1998. She was one of the first female surgeons in Norway. Since 2002 she has been head of gastroenterological surgery at Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål. Schlichting was a contributor to \"Store medisinske leksikon\" (Norwegian Encyclopedia of Medicine), where she was responsible",
"psg_id": "19762134"
},
{
"title": "First Lutheran Church (Winthrop, Minnesota)",
"text": "in the church basement for approximately one year while repairs were made. First Lutheran Church (Winthrop, Minnesota) First Lutheran Church is a Lutheran church in Winthrop, Minnesota. The church is easily recognized by its tall steeple and its large stained glass windows. The church is a member of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA), belonging to the Southwestern Minnesota Synod / Minnesota Valley Conference. The church was established in 1884 by C.M. Ryden, who was the pastor at the nearby Bernadotte Lutheran Church in Bernadotte, Minnesota. Originally named \"Swedish Lutheran Church\", the church changed its name to \"First Evangelical",
"psg_id": "19261318"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Swallow Richards House",
"text": "Ellen Swallow Richards House The Ellen H. Swallow Richards House is a National Historic Landmark house at 32 Eliot Street in Jamaica Plain, a neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts. It was the home of Ellen Swallow Richards (1842–1911) from 1876 (shortly after her marriage to Robert Hallowell Richards) until her death. Richards was the first woman to graduate from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and was its first female instructor. She introduced revolutionary ideas about home sanitation, and conducted pioneering work (some of it in this house) that led to the establishment of the field of home economics. The house itself",
"psg_id": "11990022"
},
{
"title": "Bethlehem Female Seminary",
"text": "ideals of the Moravian Church. The Seminary was also affiliated with a Moravian boy's boarding school at Nazareth Hall. Bethlehem Female Seminary The Bethlehem Female Seminary was established in 1742 in Germantown, Pennsylvania and was the first Protestant boarding school for girls in what became the United States. The Bethlehem Female Seminary later became known as the Moravian Female Seminary, and in 1863 the Seminary was established as Moravian College. The institution can trace its roots back to its founder Countess Benigna Zinzendorf who established the Seminary in 1742. It moved to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 1745. The Seminary began as",
"psg_id": "18444025"
},
{
"title": "First Church in Boston",
"text": "First Church in Boston First Church in Boston is a Unitarian Universalist Church (originally Congregationalist) founded in 1630 by John Winthrop's original Puritan settlement in Boston, Massachusetts. The current building is on 66 Marlborough Street in Boston. The church has long been associated with Harvard University. The church was created in 1630 when the settlers on the \"Arbella\" arrived in what is now Charlestown, Massachusetts. John Wilson was the first minister, and the only minister while the church was in Charlestown. Two years later they constructed a meeting house across the Charles River near what is now State Street in",
"psg_id": "11896305"
},
{
"title": "First Church in Boston",
"text": "congregation) just before the merger. First Church in Boston First Church in Boston is a Unitarian Universalist Church (originally Congregationalist) founded in 1630 by John Winthrop's original Puritan settlement in Boston, Massachusetts. The current building is on 66 Marlborough Street in Boston. The church has long been associated with Harvard University. The church was created in 1630 when the settlers on the \"Arbella\" arrived in what is now Charlestown, Massachusetts. John Wilson was the first minister, and the only minister while the church was in Charlestown. Two years later they constructed a meeting house across the Charles River near what",
"psg_id": "11896309"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Lohr",
"text": "Ellen Lohr Ellen Lohr (born 12 April 1965 in Mönchengladbach) is a German race driver. She is one of Germany's most accomplished female drivers, having won a DTM (German Touring Car Masters) race, on 24 May 1992 in a Mercedes 190E 2.5-16 Evo2 on the Hockenheimring. When the DTM/ITC series was discontinued in 1996 she moved to truck racing and also competed in the \"Deutsche Tourenwagen Challenge\" (DTC), a German touring car racing series. From 2004 Ellen Lohr competed in the Dakar Rally and similar vents. She is an occasional television commentator for DTM races. In 2008 Ellen Lohr competed",
"psg_id": "7816710"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Johnson Sirleaf",
"text": "Ellen Johnson Sirleaf Ellen Johnson Sirleaf (born 29 October 1938) is a Liberian politician who served as the 24th President of Liberia from 2006 to 2018. Sirleaf was the first elected female head of state in Africa. Born in Monrovia to a Gola father and Kru-German mother, Sirleaf was educated at the College of West Africa before moving to the United States, where she studied at Madison Business College and Harvard University. She returned to Liberia to work in William Tolbert's government as Deputy Minister of Finance from 1971 to 1974 and later went to work for the World Bank",
"psg_id": "5991416"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Taaffe Zwilich",
"text": "Ellen Taaffe Zwilich Ellen Taaffe Zwilich (born April 30, 1939, in Miami, Florida) is an American composer, the first female composer to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music. Her early works are marked by atonal exploration, but by the late 1980s she had shifted to a post-modernist, neo-romantic style. She has been called \"one of America’s most frequently played and genuinely popular living composers.\" She was a 1994 inductee into the Florida Artists Hall of Fame. Zwilich currently serves as the Francis Eppes Distinguished Professor at Florida State University. Zwilich began her studies as a violinist earning a B.M. from",
"psg_id": "1368698"
},
{
"title": "Sue Ellen Ewing",
"text": "couldn't help but root for each week as she drank and slept her way through one ordeal after another. This, of course, was the tortured and (sometimes) villainous Sue Ellen Shepard Ewing, former Texas beauty queen and trophy wife of the womanizing rogue J.R. Ewing, played to perfection by actress Linda Gray. Sue Ellen Ewing Sue Ellen Ewing (maiden name Shepard) is a fictional character and one of the female leads in the CBS primetime soap opera \"Dallas\" and its continuation series. Sue Ellen is portrayed by actress Linda Gray and has appeared on the show since its pilot episode,",
"psg_id": "6876637"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Gracie Northfleet",
"text": "and equity. She is also a member of the Inter-American Dialogue. Judge, Tribunal Regional Federal da 4a Regiao, Porto Alegre, Brazil. (Information from the US Library of Congress.) Ellen Gracie Northfleet Ellen Gracie Northfleet (; born February 16, 1948) is a Brazilian judge. She is the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Brazil and the Court's first female president. On August 8, 2011 she retired from the Court, 7 years before the full extension a mandate that would go until 70 years old. There was no formal announcement of her decision to retire and no formal",
"psg_id": "7085041"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Hollman",
"text": "27, 2016. Ellen Hollman Ellen Hollman is an American actress. Hollman was born in Detroit, Michigan, and eventually moved to Troy, Michigan. Ellen Hollman is the oldest of four siblings. Hollman was an all-star track runner, holding the female state record in Michigan for the long jump (17.5 ft). In 2008, Ellen Hollman became the CEO and Founder of a non-profit organization, Visual Impact Now. Celebrity hosts for the organization include Chris Pine, Zoe Saldana, January Jones, and Robert Luketic. Her organization has conducted various eye clinics in Los Angeles, servicing over 6,000 children with glasses. She made her television",
"psg_id": "9338004"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Hollman",
"text": "Ellen Hollman Ellen Hollman is an American actress. Hollman was born in Detroit, Michigan, and eventually moved to Troy, Michigan. Ellen Hollman is the oldest of four siblings. Hollman was an all-star track runner, holding the female state record in Michigan for the long jump (17.5 ft). In 2008, Ellen Hollman became the CEO and Founder of a non-profit organization, Visual Impact Now. Celebrity hosts for the organization include Chris Pine, Zoe Saldana, January Jones, and Robert Luketic. Her organization has conducted various eye clinics in Los Angeles, servicing over 6,000 children with glasses. She made her television debut on",
"psg_id": "9338001"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Gleditsch",
"text": "end illiteracy. In 1949, she was actively involved on the working committee and in 1952 was named to the Norwegian commission working to control use of the atomic bomb. That same year she resigned from UNESCO in protest over the admittance of Spain under Franco's fascist regime as a member. In 1962 at the age of 83, she received an honorary doctorate from the Sorbonne, the first woman to receive such an honor. Ellen Gleditsch Ellen Gleditsch (29 December 1879 – 5 June 1968) was a Norwegian radiochemist and Norway's second female professor. Starting her career as an assistant to",
"psg_id": "16406608"
},
{
"title": "What Is and What Should Never Be",
"text": "descending riff [of \"What Is and What Should Never Be\"] is amazing: It's like a bow is being drawn back, and then it releases. The rhythm of the vocals is almost like a rap. It's insane — one of their most psychedelic songs.\" This was also one of the first songs recorded by the band for which Robert Plant received writing credit. According to rock journalist Stephen Davis, the author of the Led Zeppelin biography \"Hammer of the Gods: The Led Zeppelin Saga\", the lyrics for this song reflect a romance Plant had with his wife's younger sister. \"What Is",
"psg_id": "5616996"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Gracie Northfleet",
"text": "Ellen Gracie Northfleet Ellen Gracie Northfleet (; born February 16, 1948) is a Brazilian judge. She is the first woman to be appointed to the Supreme Court of Brazil and the Court's first female president. On August 8, 2011 she retired from the Court, 7 years before the full extension a mandate that would go until 70 years old. There was no formal announcement of her decision to retire and no formal ceremony at her departure. After her departure the Brazilian Association of Federal Judges published a public statement requesting that a representative of the Federal Magistrature be appointed for",
"psg_id": "7085036"
},
{
"title": "First Parish Congregational Church",
"text": "only three church designs of his to survive in the state. First Parish Congregational Church The First Parish Congregational Church is a historic church at 116 Main Street in Yarmouth, Maine, USA. The congregation was established in 1730, as the ninth church founded in what is now Maine. The current Italianate meeting house was constructed in 1867-68, and is an important surviving design of Portland architect George M. Harding. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1995. The present congregation is affiliated with the United Church of Christ. Yarmouth's First Parish Congregational Church is located",
"psg_id": "13948838"
},
{
"title": "Here Is What Is",
"text": "Here Is What Is Here Is What Is is the fifth studio album by Canadian songwriter and record producer Daniel Lanois. It was first released in December 2007 as a high-quality download, and later released on CD on March 18, 2008. The album is the result of the same project that led to the 2007 documentary \"Here Is What Is\" that premiered at the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival in September. The movie documents the aesthetics and creative process behind Lanois' approach to music making and recording. The album has been presented as a direct soundtrack to this film, and",
"psg_id": "11248075"
},
{
"title": "Ellen Oléria",
"text": "reais, a contract with Universal Music, career management, a car, and was one of the main attractions at the réveillon celebrations of Copacabana, Rio de Janeiro in 2012. Ellen Oléria Ellen Gomes de Oléria, known as Ellen Oléria (born 12 November 1982) is a Brazilian singer, musician, songwriter, and actress. Ellen was born in Brasília, Distrito Federal and was raised in \"Chaparral\", a region of Taguatinga. Initially more interested in instruments, she began to sing in church choirs, by her parents influence. She started her musical career at sixteen. As an actress, she graduated in Performing Arts from the University",
"psg_id": "17185948"
},
{
"title": "The Ellen DeGeneres Show",
"text": "called \"Ellen's Game of Games\", based on the talk show's game segments. A preview episode aired on December 18, 2017, with the official premiere airing on January 2, 2018 and is airing on Tuesdays. The first season has 8 one-hour-long episodes and the second season has 13 one-hour-long episodes and will air sometime in January 2019. The Ellen DeGeneres Show The Ellen DeGeneres Show (often shortened to Ellen and stylized as ellen) is an American television variety comedy talk show hosted by comedian Ellen DeGeneres. Debuting on September 8, 2003, it is produced by Telepictures and airs in syndication, including",
"psg_id": "4508445"
},
{
"title": "First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio)",
"text": "First Presbyterian Church (Napoleon, Ohio) First Presbyterian Church is a Presbyterian church in the city of Napoleon, Ohio, United States. Located at 303 W. Washington Street, it has been recognized as a historic site because of its unusual architecture. Organized in 1861, the congregation built its first church building on the southwestern corner of the intersection of Washington and Webster Streets, two blocks away from the Henry County Courthouse. Approximately forty years later, the original building was destroyed and the present structure erected on its place; construction began in 1900 and concluded in 1901. Designed by Harry W. Wachter, the",
"psg_id": "14340463"
}
] | [
"cabin crew member",
"air hostess",
"air steward",
"flight attendent",
"flight attendant",
"flight attendants",
"air hostess",
"airhostess",
"airline hostess",
"flight attendance",
"flight attendant",
"cabin attendant",
"airline stewardess",
"inflight crew",
"cabin service director",
"airline steward",
"air stewardess",
"cabin service manager",
"flight steward",
"cabin crew",
"stewardess",
"stewardesses"
] |
which country does the airline avensa come from? | [
{
"title": "Avensa",
"text": "Avensa Avensa (\"Aerovías Venezolanas Sociedad Anonima\") was a Venezuelan airline headquartered in Caracas. It was in the process of financial restructuring, after it went into bankruptcy due to poor management in 2002, with Santa Barbara Airlines taking over its routes, although a single Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia continued to carry the Avensa name in service until it was grounded for good in 2004. Avensa operated from its hub at Simon Bolivar International Airport in Maiquetía. Even though the airline ceased operations more than a decade ago, around Venezuela's airports, Avensa relics can be seen everywhere: old check-in signs, rusted luggage",
"psg_id": "2247261"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Avensa",
"text": "Avensa fell into financial difficulties and had to make cut backs. This left the fleet with eleven aging Boeing 727s, five Douglas DC9s and two Boeing 737-200s at the end of the 1990s. Avensa took over many of the international routes formerly flown by Viasa after that airline collapsed in 1997. Avensa operated a smaller low-cost airline called Servivensa, which operated mainly Boeing 727 aircraft. Avensa later served only a domestic network of three cities as it attempted to reestablish services during a time of continuing financial difficulties. At one time it had its headquarters in the now Caracas City",
"psg_id": "2247265"
},
{
"title": "Avensa",
"text": "Government's owned Torre El Chorro in Caracas, and in the Torre Humboldt complex in East Caracas. This is the list of places to which Avensa flew: Domestic: International: Before ceasing operations Avensa had a fleet of Douglas DC-9, DC-10, Boeing 727 and 737-200 aircraft. After ceasing operations, two Boeings 727-200 were leased to Santa Barbara Airlines, as well as both DC-10s. The rest of the fleet was derelict and scrapped in 2007. Their fleet comprised: Avensa also formerly operated Boeing 757-200, Convair 440, Douglas DC-9-10, Fairchild F-27 and McDonnell Douglas DC-10 aircraft. Avensa Avensa (\"Aerovías Venezolanas Sociedad Anonima\") was a",
"psg_id": "2247266"
},
{
"title": "Avensa (Africa)",
"text": "Avensa (Africa) Avensa was a Roman and Byzantine-era \"civitas\" (city), in Roman North Africa. The city was also the seat of an ancient bishopric, and several of the bishop's names have been recorded. At the Conference of Carthage (411), which saw gathered together Catholic bishops and Donatists of Africa, he participated Fortunatus episcopus Abensensis plebis, who declared to have no competitors Donatists in his diocese. [1] At the time of the Vandal king Genseric (around 460) a bishop, that Victor of Vita called \"Sanctus Valerianus Abensae civitatis episcopus\", he was exiled from his city and left the country for refusing",
"psg_id": "19800257"
},
{
"title": "Avensa (Africa)",
"text": "to give in to the king, the cult objects of his Church. The bishopric remains a titular see of the Roman Catholic Church suffragan to Carthage. The current titular bishop is Kenneth Donald Steiner of Oregon. Avensa (Africa) Avensa was a Roman and Byzantine-era \"civitas\" (city), in Roman North Africa. The city was also the seat of an ancient bishopric, and several of the bishop's names have been recorded. At the Conference of Carthage (411), which saw gathered together Catholic bishops and Donatists of Africa, he participated Fortunatus episcopus Abensensis plebis, who declared to have no competitors Donatists in his",
"psg_id": "19800258"
},
{
"title": "1962 Avensa Fairchild F-27 accident",
"text": "1962 Avensa Fairchild F-27 accident The 1962 Avensa Fairchild F-27 accident occurred on 25 February 1962 when a Fairchild F-27 twin-engined turboprop airliner registered \"YV-C-EVH\" of Avensa crashed into San Juan mountain on Venezuelas Margarita Island in the Caribbean Sea. All 20 passengers and three crew were killed. The F-27 was on a scheduled flight from Porlamar Airport to Cumaná Airport, when a few minutes after departure from Portamar, the aircraft impacted San Juan Mountain and was destroyed. The aircraft, a Fairchild F-27 twin-engined turboprop airliner had been built in the United States in 1958 and delivered new to Avensa",
"psg_id": "15419421"
},
{
"title": "1962 Avensa Fairchild F-27 accident",
"text": "on 18 September 1958. 1962 Avensa Fairchild F-27 accident The 1962 Avensa Fairchild F-27 accident occurred on 25 February 1962 when a Fairchild F-27 twin-engined turboprop airliner registered \"YV-C-EVH\" of Avensa crashed into San Juan mountain on Venezuelas Margarita Island in the Caribbean Sea. All 20 passengers and three crew were killed. The F-27 was on a scheduled flight from Porlamar Airport to Cumaná Airport, when a few minutes after departure from Portamar, the aircraft impacted San Juan Mountain and was destroyed. The aircraft, a Fairchild F-27 twin-engined turboprop airliner had been built in the United States in 1958 and",
"psg_id": "15419422"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Heart",
"text": "(with front man Todd Snider) recorded the song in 2014 as a duet with Rosanne Cash. The song includes the lyrics: which \"The Yale Book of Quotations\" attributes as the source for similar aphorisms sometimes attributed to others (e.g. Annie's Mailbox attributes a version of the lyric to a combination of William Watson Purkey and Satchel Paige). In 2004 in response to an inquiry by a group of librarians Richard Leigh stated Come from the Heart \"Come from the Heart\" is a country music song written by Richard Leigh and Susanna Clark and published in 1987. It is most known",
"psg_id": "14239287"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Heart",
"text": "Come from the Heart \"Come from the Heart\" is a country music song written by Richard Leigh and Susanna Clark and published in 1987. It is most known through the 1989 single by Kathy Mattea, released in conjunction with her album \"Willow in the Wind\", though the song was first recorded and released on the 1987 Don Williams album \"Traces\" and also released in 1988 by Clark's husband on his album \"Old Friends\". Mattea's single was her third number one on the country chart, spending 14 weeks on that chart including a single week at the top. Hard Working Americans",
"psg_id": "14239286"
},
{
"title": "Back Where I Come From",
"text": "Back Where I Come From \"Back Where I Come From\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \"Simple Life\". The song reached number 14 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. Its B-side, \"Company Time\", was later a single for Linda Davis in 1994. The song is a mid-tempo in which the narrator expresses nostalgia towards his hometown in Mississippi. Regarding its content, McAnally told \"American Songwriter\", \"When I wrote 'Back Where I Come From' I thought that it",
"psg_id": "16269689"
},
{
"title": "Sky Airline",
"text": "Sky Airline Sky Airline is an airline based at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. It is the second largest airline in the country behind rival LATAM Airlines and the first airline to operate under a low-cost model in the country. It serves international routes to Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay. It also operates charter flights in Chile and South America. Sky Airline was controlled by its founder, Jürgen Paulmann (1930–2014), a German-Chilean businessman, brother of retail billionaire Horst Paulmann. It started operations in December 2001 and made the first flights from Santiago to Northern Chile in",
"psg_id": "5372706"
},
{
"title": "Viasa",
"text": "routes operated by Línea Aeropostal Venezolana (LAV) and Avensa were merged and taken over by the newly created carrier. The government contributed with 55% of the capital, while private investors — among which were LAV and Avensa, the latter owned by Grupo Boulton and Pan American World Airways—contributed with the remainder. The board of directors came entirely from the private sector. The first president of the airline was Mr. R. van den Branden; the first chairman of the board was Mr. Oscar Augusto Machado Zuloaga, a very competent and well liked gentleman, who was instrumental in Viasa's commercial success and",
"psg_id": "1439505"
},
{
"title": "Arkaim (airline)",
"text": "parent company. Expected to begin operations by the end of 2009, the airline also expects to add flights on local routes from Ufa to Neftekamsk and Sibay, possibly utilising Let L-410 Turbolet-sized aircraft. According to Kommersant, industry experts and competitors do not give the airline a chance at success, due to intensive competition on trunk routes, and the lack of a regional air travel market in Bashkortostan. Andrei Martirosov, the general director of UTair Aviation, does not believe that there is available US$500 million in Russia with which to build a network airline and also stated that he is not",
"psg_id": "13683290"
},
{
"title": "Airline (brand)",
"text": "the original JB Hutto Airline beyond the first reissue, Eastwood Guitars released the \"Airline '59 Custom\" two and three pickup models in December 2008, which come with striped pickguards and rubber bound bodies, in the spirit of the originals. Airline (brand) Airline was a store brand of consumer electronics and musical instruments originally marketed and sold by American retailer Montgomery Ward via their catalog and brick and mortar stores. Products included radios, televisions, record players, guitars and amplifiers, similar to the way Sears branded their competing line of consumer electronics and instruments Silvertone. In the early 2000s, the Eastwood Guitar",
"psg_id": "8399475"
},
{
"title": "Sky Airline",
"text": "A320 family planes in 2010 and were fully withdrawn in 2013. Sky Airline Sky Airline is an airline based at Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport in Santiago, Chile. It is the second largest airline in the country behind rival LATAM Airlines and the first airline to operate under a low-cost model in the country. It serves international routes to Argentina, Brazil, Peru and Uruguay. It also operates charter flights in Chile and South America. Sky Airline was controlled by its founder, Jürgen Paulmann (1930–2014), a German-Chilean businessman, brother of retail billionaire Horst Paulmann. It started operations in December 2001",
"psg_id": "5372709"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "Skies. In May 2010, Emirates Airline executives refuted claims that the carrier does not pay taxes and receives substantial financial assistance from the Dubai government. They claimed that the airline received $80m in cash and kind in the 25 years since the airline was established and this was substantially lower than what other national carriers had received. Maurice Flanagan also claimed that Emirates incurred social costs of around $600m in 2009 and this included municipal taxes to the city of Dubai. The airline also paid a dividend of AED956m ($260m) in 2010, compared to AED2.9bn ($793m) in 2009 and each",
"psg_id": "1275135"
},
{
"title": "Regional airline",
"text": "aircraft livery for the company they are operating flights for. These airlines can be subsidiaries of the major airline or fly under a code sharing agreement or operating through capacity purchase agreements, with the mainline parent company financing the aircraft for the regional airline, and then placing the aircraft with the regional for very little cost. An example would be Envoy Air, which is fully owned by American Airlines Group and does business as American Eagle. For all practical purposes, regional airlines in the United States today, are nothing more than co-branded feeder airlines to U.S. airline alliance largest airports",
"psg_id": "2279999"
},
{
"title": "Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)",
"text": "Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album \"When Somebody Loves You\". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts, his only number one from the album. The song is a moderate up-tempo which finds the narrator, a truck driver, traveling across the United States and finding himself in various situations that make him think about how life in other places is different from",
"psg_id": "12637779"
},
{
"title": "Anh Does",
"text": "Denmark, Sweden & Norway Anh traveled the country of Iceland. Anh traveled the country of Brazil. Anh traveled the country of Italy. Anh Does Anh Does... is a travel and lifestyle show presented by comedian Anh Do on the Seven Network. It premiered in 2012 with the two-part series \"Anh Does Vietnam\", in which he revisited the country of his birth, Vietnam. Anh's family fled from Vietnam to Australia as refugees in 1980. This series was followed by \"Anh Does Britain\" in 2013 where Anh visited Great Britain and Ireland and continued with other destinations. Anh traveled the country of",
"psg_id": "18133155"
},
{
"title": "Alcazar (airline)",
"text": "States started negotiating open skies agreements with the European Union (EU), which would allow any European airline to fly from any airport in their home country to any airport in the US, and similarly any US airline to fly from any US airport to any European airport. In the 1980s, SAS, Swissair, Austrian Airlines and Finnair had attempted to establish European Quality Alliance (EQA). In addition to codesharing and joint marketing, the alliance was largely based around technical issues and using the EQA brand as a \"seal of quality\". These had largely stranded because Finnair felt that SAS goal was",
"psg_id": "16053321"
},
{
"title": "Virtual airline (hobby)",
"text": "and The Pentagon had used PC-based flight simulators for training. Despite the initial concerns of the involvement of virtual airlines in these terrorist activities, largely little has come from these claims to date and no changes have been noted as occurring in their operation as a result. Virtual airline (hobby) A virtual airline (VA) is a dedicated hobby organization that uses flight simulation to model the operations of an airline. Virtual airlines generally have a presence on the Internet, similar to a real airline. Many hundreds of virtual airlines of significance are currently active, with tens of thousands of participants",
"psg_id": "3204704"
},
{
"title": "Airline meal",
"text": "meals were served by Handley Page Transport, an airline company founded in 1919, to serve the London–Paris route in October of that year. Passengers could choose from a selection of sandwiches and fruit. The type of food varies depending upon the airline company and class of travel. Meals may be served on one tray or in multiple courses with no tray and with a tablecloth, metal cutlery, and glassware (generally in first and business classes). Often the food is reflective of the culture of the country the airline is based in. The airline dinner typically includes meat (most commonly chicken",
"psg_id": "5733486"
},
{
"title": "Anh Does",
"text": "Anh Does Anh Does... is a travel and lifestyle show presented by comedian Anh Do on the Seven Network. It premiered in 2012 with the two-part series \"Anh Does Vietnam\", in which he revisited the country of his birth, Vietnam. Anh's family fled from Vietnam to Australia as refugees in 1980. This series was followed by \"Anh Does Britain\" in 2013 where Anh visited Great Britain and Ireland and continued with other destinations. Anh traveled the country of Vietnam. Anh traveled the country of Britain, including Great Britain & Ireland Anh traveled the country of Scandinavia, including the countries of",
"psg_id": "18133154"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "most consolidation takes place within a country. In the U.S., over 200 airlines have merged, been taken over, or gone out of business since deregulation in 1978. Many international airline managers are lobbying their governments to permit greater consolidation to achieve higher economy and efficiency. Airline An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines utilize aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements. Generally, airline companies are recognized with an air operating certificate or license issued by a governmental aviation body. Airlines vary",
"psg_id": "19700"
},
{
"title": "Regional Airline Association",
"text": "Regional Airline Association The Regional Airline Association (RAA) is a business association founded in 1975 that represents 21 North American regional airlines and 280 associate, non-airline members. This includes manufacturers of products and services supporting the regional airline industry. The RAA is the collective bargaining voice for its members' interests and lobbies on their behalf before the United States Congress, Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration and other federal agencies. The RAA represents the financial and economic interests of regional airline employers and regional airline support industry employers. The Regional Airline Association does not represent financial or economic interest of",
"psg_id": "16525020"
},
{
"title": "Viasa",
"text": "two Douglas DC-8-63s in early 1967. Two Convair 880s were sold to Cathay Pacific in mid-1967. Also in 1967, Viasa started up a Panamanian airline named \"Panameña Internacional de Aviación SA\" (PAISA), with KLM support; This company started operations on 3 May 1967 with two DC-9-10s leased to VIASA from Avensa, which were in turn sub-leased to PAISA. In 1968, VIASA set up a wholly owned, non-IATA member, national cargo airline named \"Transportes Aereos de Carga SA\", more commonly known as \"Transcarga\", which in its beginnings served Caracas, Curaçao, Maracaibo, Miami and New York. With the lease of a Douglas",
"psg_id": "1439508"
},
{
"title": "Where I Come From (album)",
"text": "Where I Come From (album) Where I Come From is the fourteenth studio album by the American country rock band the New Riders of the Purple Sage. It was recorded in 2008, and released on the Woodstock Records label on June 2, 2009. Following \"\", \"Where I Come From\" was the second album recorded by the New Riders after they re-formed in 2005, with band co-founder David Nelson on guitar, long-time member Buddy Cage on pedal steel guitar, Hot Tuna alumnus Michael Falzarano on guitar, Ronnie Penque on bass, and Johnny Markowski on drums. It was the band's first studio",
"psg_id": "13273813"
},
{
"title": "Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song)",
"text": "fell to number 2 on October 27, with Brooks & Dunn's \"Only in America\" taking over at Number One. The next week, \"Where I Come From\" returned to number 1 for a third and final week at the top. Where I Come From (Alan Jackson song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song written and performed by American country music singer Alan Jackson. It was released in July 2001 as the third single from his album \"When Somebody Loves You\". In November 2001, the song became Jackson's 18th #1 hit on the \"Billboard\" country charts, his only number one from",
"psg_id": "12637782"
},
{
"title": "EcoJet (airline)",
"text": "EcoJet (airline) Línea Aérea EcoJet S.A., stylized as ecojet, is a Bolivian domestic airline headquartered on the grounds of Jorge Wilstermann International Airport in the city of Cochabamba. It started scheduled passenger operations on November 24, 2013, with two 93-seat Avro RJ85 aircraft. The airline links its home city of Cochabamba, strategically located in the center of the country, with 9 major domestic destinations, reaching all the main centers of population. Along with Amaszonas, ecojet is a private airline that competes with state-owned airline Boliviana de Aviación in the Bolivian domestic market. Ecojet was established on November 24, 2013 and",
"psg_id": "17802744"
},
{
"title": "I've Come to Expect It from You",
"text": "week. I've Come to Expect It from You \"I've Come to Expect It from You\" is a song written by Buddy Cannon and Dean Dillon, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in October 1990 as the third and final single from his album \"Livin' It Up\". It peaked at number 1 on both the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. In the United States it stayed at number 1 for five weeks. In Canada, it reached number 1 in January 1991 and stayed there for",
"psg_id": "13257891"
},
{
"title": "I've Come to Expect It from You",
"text": "I've Come to Expect It from You \"I've Come to Expect It from You\" is a song written by Buddy Cannon and Dean Dillon, and recorded by American country music artist George Strait. It was released in October 1990 as the third and final single from his album \"Livin' It Up\". It peaked at number 1 on both the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and the Canadian \"RPM\" Country Tracks chart. In the United States it stayed at number 1 for five weeks. In Canada, it reached number 1 in January 1991 and stayed there for one",
"psg_id": "13257890"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "air carriers, to rescheme an airlines assets into a profitable organization or liquidating an air carrier of their profitable and worthwhile routes and business operations. Thus the last 50 years of the airline industry have varied from reasonably profitable, to devastatingly depressed. As the first major market to deregulate the industry in 1978, U.S. airlines have experienced more turbulence than almost any other country or region. In fact, no U.S. legacy carrier survived bankruptcy-free. Among the outspoken critics of deregulation, former CEO of American Airlines, Robert Crandall has publicly stated: \"Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection filing shows airline industry deregulation was",
"psg_id": "19649"
},
{
"title": "I'm from the Country",
"text": "be titled \"Walkin' the Line\". I'm from the Country I'm from the Country is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Tracy Byrd. Released in mid-1998 as his final studio album for MCA Records, it produced only two singles: the title track and \"I Wanna Feel That Way Again\", both of which reached Top Ten on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts that year. Both songs were Top Ten hits, reaching #3 and #9, respectively. \"I'm from the Country\" was co-written by Richard Young, rhythm guitarist for the band The Kentucky Headhunters.",
"psg_id": "11568836"
},
{
"title": "I'm from the Country",
"text": "I'm from the Country I'm from the Country is the fifth studio album by American country music artist Tracy Byrd. Released in mid-1998 as his final studio album for MCA Records, it produced only two singles: the title track and \"I Wanna Feel That Way Again\", both of which reached Top Ten on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) charts that year. Both songs were Top Ten hits, reaching #3 and #9, respectively. \"I'm from the Country\" was co-written by Richard Young, rhythm guitarist for the band The Kentucky Headhunters. The album was originally to",
"psg_id": "11568835"
},
{
"title": "The Boy Does Nothing",
"text": "Hormiguero\". In Australia, the song was used to promote the 2009 season of the Australian \"Dancing with the Stars\" and has since seen an Australian release, seeing regular radio play. On 20 November 2009, Dixon performed \"The Boy Does Nothing\" as the opener to Children in Need 2009, which she also co-hosted, alongside Terry Wogan and \"Strictly Come Dancing\" colleague Tess Daly. Nick Levine of Digital Spy gave the song stars: Pop Justice gave the song a positive review and rated the song : The video for \"The Boy Does Nothing\" is directed by the art director from the film",
"psg_id": "12084801"
},
{
"title": "Back Where I Come From",
"text": "said that \"As a publisher I knew I was devaluing the copyright by singing it myself instead of passing it onto better and bigger singers, but I did it anyway. One of many of my classically bad business choices, but thankfully Kenny Chesney was kind enough to bail me out and cut it again.\" From \"Simple Life\" liner notes. Back Where I Come From \"Back Where I Come From\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Mac McAnally. It was released in January 1990 as the first single from his album \"Simple Life\". The song reached",
"psg_id": "16269691"
},
{
"title": "Carnivals from the Basque Country",
"text": "appears. Here the preacher and the street cleaner come in the leading position. Then an old couple appears. These are the parents of Markitos, and a single person does the characters of both of them. And after them, other different characters. The last ones take Markitos down, and they put him in a cart. They drive this cart to a court wall and here the preacher judges Markitos. He says that he has to be killed, so people take the doll and they burn him. This character is typical from Uztaritz. The celebration lasts four days. The first three days,",
"psg_id": "17289775"
},
{
"title": "Regional airline",
"text": "equipment, brought the independent regional airlines into direct competition with the major airlines, forcing additional consolidation. To improve on their market penetration, larger airline holding companies rely on operators of smaller aircraft to provide service or added frequency service to some airports. Such airlines, often operating in code-share arrangements with mainline airlines, often completely repaint their aircraft fleet in the mainline airline's sub-brand livery. For example, United Express regional airline partner CommutAir branded its entire fleet as United Express. On the other hand, regional airline Gulfstream International Airlines does not brand their aircraft. When Colgan Air was still operating, they",
"psg_id": "2279994"
},
{
"title": "Cimber (airline)",
"text": "and CRJ200 aircraft. In January 2017, SAS reached an agreement with CityJet whereby CityJet bought Cimber and would continue to operate flights on behalf of SAS. Cimber does not operate any routes under its own brand. All flights are conducted on behalf of Scandinavian Airlines, within their regional and European route network. The Cimber fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of August 2017): The airline previously operated the following aircraft: Cimber (airline) Cimber A/S was a Danish airline headquartered in Sønderborg and based at Copenhagen Airport. It flies exclusively for Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) on a wet lease (ACMI) contract.",
"psg_id": "16920691"
},
{
"title": "Jazz (airline)",
"text": "Air Canada called \"Air Canada Express Café\" offering snacks for purchase. On flights three hours and fifteen minutes or more in duration, sandwiches are added to the buy on board offering. Only major credit cards are accepted for payment on board. Jazz does not offer buy on board on Dash 8-100 or Dash 8-300 aircraft. Jazz (airline) Jazz Aviation LP, commonly shortened to Jazz, is a Canadian regional airline based at Halifax Stanfield International Airport in Enfield, Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Chorus Aviation. Jazz Aviation provides regional and charter airline services in",
"psg_id": "2068976"
},
{
"title": "Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)",
"text": "September 2017. It would be the duo's final Top 10 hit. The music video was directed by Potsy Ponciroli and premiered in September 2011. Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, \"Rebels on the Run\". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's",
"psg_id": "16225581"
},
{
"title": "Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song)",
"text": "Where I Come From (Montgomery Gentry song) \"Where I Come From\" is a song recorded by American country music duo Montgomery Gentry. It is the first single from their seventh studio album, \"Rebels on the Run\". The song was written by Rodney Clawson and Dallas Davidson. The song is a mid-tempo rock-influenced song in which the narrators express pride with their Southern heritage. Co-writer Dallas Davidson said that he did not like many of Montgomery Gentry's previous singles, and that \"I feel like this song fits them, and I say that as a fan. I think that they can actually",
"psg_id": "16225578"
},
{
"title": "The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes",
"text": "— “leans in,” and does it all — much better than the big Jack Rabbits.\" Author Francis Itani also remembers it as a childhood favorite in which the Country Bunny, \"goes on a quest to prove that she (as much as the male bunnies) can be wisest, swiftest and kindest.\" The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes is a 1939 children's picture book written by DuBose Heyward and illustrated by Marjorie Flack. The book, which has never been out of print, has come to be regarded as a feminist and anti-racist",
"psg_id": "19438103"
},
{
"title": "Mount Cook Airline",
"text": "Mount Cook Airline Mount Cook Airline, a subsidiary of Air New Zealand, is a regional airline based in Christchurch, New Zealand. Formerly part of the Mount Cook Group, it now operates scheduled services throughout the country under the Air New Zealand Link brand. The airline operates the ATR 72-500 and ATR 72-600 aircraft, and all its aircraft wear the Air New Zealand livery. Its main base is Christchurch International Airport. The airline was established and started operations in 1920 at Timaru by Rodolph Lysaght Wigley, who in 1906 had driven the first motor car to The Hermitage. Wigley bought five",
"psg_id": "5671950"
},
{
"title": "2GO (cargo airline)",
"text": "2GO (cargo airline) 2GO is a logistics and supply chain company based in Parañaque City, Manila, the Philippines. It operates bulk cargo and express parcel services throughout the Philippines. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila. 2GO is operated by the Aboitiz Air Transport Corporation the transport and logistics company owned by Aboitiz Equity Ventures. 2GO Group is a part of the Chinese government-controlled 2GO Group (through the China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund) which includes 2GO Travel and 2GO Express. 2GO does not have any aircraft but uses the hold capacity of Cebu Pacific passenger aircraft. The airline was",
"psg_id": "10139972"
},
{
"title": "Where We Come From",
"text": "as positive reviews by NPR, The Guardian, The Washington Post, Billboard, Dazed, Jamaican Observer, Complex, FACT, and more. \"Where We Come From\" received acclaim from music critics. At Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 81, which indicates \"universal acclaim\", based on 5 reviews. Where We Come From Where We Come From is the debut studio album by Jamaican dancehall artist Popcaan, released on 10 June 2014 by Mixpak Records. A prolific dancehall artist from Jamaica, Popcaan collaborated with several producers on the album: Dre Skull",
"psg_id": "18992438"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Shadows",
"text": "populist politics and her cultivated vocabulary, singling out the lyrics to \"Myths\": \"I don't know about The People, but just plain people say 'scattered upon the four winds,' not 'upon the four winds scattered.' Actually they don't say 'scattered upon the four winds' either\". AllMusic's William Ruhlmann later gave it three out of five stars. Come from the Shadows Come from the Shadows was a 1972 album by Joan Baez. After recording for the independent label Vanguard for more than a decade, Baez signed with A&M, and attempted to point her career in a slightly more \"commercial\" direction (though the",
"psg_id": "5289873"
},
{
"title": "Come from the Shadows",
"text": "Come from the Shadows Come from the Shadows was a 1972 album by Joan Baez. After recording for the independent label Vanguard for more than a decade, Baez signed with A&M, and attempted to point her career in a slightly more \"commercial\" direction (though the album still had overtly political overtones). In addition to her own compositions such as \"Prison Trilogy\",\"Love Song to a Stranger\", \"Myths\", and \"To Bobby\" (addressed to Bob Dylan), Baez included John Lennon's \"Imagine\", Anna Marly's \"Song of the Partisan\", and Mimi Fariña's \"In the Quiet Morning (for Janis Joplin)\". \"In the Quiet Morning\" and \"Love",
"psg_id": "5289871"
},
{
"title": "The Airline Cooperative",
"text": "The Airline Cooperative The Airline Cooperative (ACO) is a membership organisation formed by a broad group of International Airlines, with the structure of a Cooperative Society. The pivotal aim of the Cooperative is to share non-competitive information, and work together to increase awareness of relevant safety and security concerns, improve efficiency, reduce costs, learn, and grow. As of March 2015, there were 147 airlines in the group. These airlines are located in 66 different countries worldwide, at 116 different airport base locations. The Airline Cooperative is differentiated from existing airline groups like IATA, AEA, ERA, and so on, in that",
"psg_id": "18669776"
},
{
"title": "Airline Tycoon",
"text": "(as it can in single-player mode) for longer games. The original game was released in August 1998 in Germany. It was not released in any English-speaking country; however, there was an official English demo. The first Airline Tycoon title to be released in United States and the United Kingdom was \"Airline Tycoon First Class\". It was published in 2001 by Monte Cristo; however, the publisher decided to remove \"First Class\" subtitle from the game box and manuals, though it remained in-game. Features added in First Class include ten brand new missions, multiplayer mode with up to 4 players, new MIDI",
"psg_id": "7296575"
},
{
"title": "Airline codes",
"text": "airline's old livery which featured a springbok), or possibly to avoid confusion with a call sign used by an established airline. Companies' assigned names may change as a result of mergers, acquisitions, or change in company name or status; British Airways uses BOAC's old callsign (\"Speedbird\"), as British Airways was formed by a merger of BOAC and British European Airways. Country names can also change over time and new call signs may be agreed in substitution for traditional ones. The country shown alongside an airline's call sign is that wherein most of its aircraft are believed to be registered, which",
"psg_id": "7795295"
},
{
"title": "Jazz (airline)",
"text": "Limited (CCAL) had served a 30-day termination notice for Jazz's month-to-month lease of terminal space at Toronto City Centre Airport. The Toronto Port Authority itself does not control any significant terminal space at the airport, but it extended permission for Jazz to continue using the airport; however, since the airline could not find terminal space, they cancelled service to the airport at the end of February 2006. CCAL had been bought by REGCO Holdings, (now Porter Aviation Holdings), the owners of Porter Airlines, which launched service from the airport later that year. In August 2008, Jazz Air removed all life",
"psg_id": "2068966"
},
{
"title": "Iberia (airline)",
"text": "in pension asset values and financial returns from these assets may increase the size of the pension deficit\". , the airline had over 18,000 employees. Iberia has a 9.49% stake in low-cost carrier Vueling which is based near Barcelona, with parent company IAG owning the remaining 90.51%. This was done to ensure that IAG does not have 100% of the shares in Vueling, but that the shares are split between its divisions. Iberia also has a 0.95% share in Royal Air Maroc. Iberia is allied with American Airlines, Qantas, Avianca, British Airways, and Grupo TACA, and on 1 September 1999,",
"psg_id": "959000"
},
{
"title": "Where I Come From (album)",
"text": "by a bonus disc called Where I Come From: Radio Mixes & Live Bonus. On Allmusic, William Ruhlmann wrote, \"But the heart of the album — seven songs out of 12 — is the work of the new songwriting team of Nelson and Robert Hunter... Hunter comes up with his typically aphoristic, imagistic, and vernacular words (particularly on the title song) and Nelson matches them with catchy, country-tinged melodies that the band plays in frisky country-rock roadhouse arrangements. This may be San Francisco music, but Bakersfield doesn't seem far away as the guitars go twangy and Cage plays down the",
"psg_id": "13273815"
},
{
"title": "Christmas in the Basque Country",
"text": "sea (if there is a sea in their town or city). The one other day that is important to the Basques is the 6th of January (the Day of the Three Kings). On that night the same happens. The children leave their shoes out and in the night the Three Kings come and leave presents, but much less than Olentzero does. Christmas in the Basque Country Christmas in the Basque Country starts with the of Santo Tomas on 21 December, a celebration in which most people go out onto the streets to dance and eat talo with txistorra (a type",
"psg_id": "12874250"
},
{
"title": "Sun Country Airlines",
"text": "DC-10 in early 2001. In June 1999, the management of Sun Country launched a transformation from a charter carrier into a scheduled airline. New service from Minneapolis and Milwaukee began to destinations including Los Angeles, Seattle, Detroit, Washington, D.C. and Phoenix. The airline also started a frequent flyer program, Smile Awards. In 2001, Sun Country began to replace its entire fleet with Boeing 737 aircraft. As Sun Country reinvented itself, heavy competition from local incumbent carrier Northwest Airlines and the September 11 attacks caused a sharp decrease of traffic and revenue. The airline was losing large amounts of money by",
"psg_id": "4212205"
},
{
"title": "Airline hub",
"text": "The country exited Gulf Air in 2006, and Oman followed in 2007. Emirates, Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways have since established large hubs at their respective home airports. The hubs, which benefit from their proximity to large population centres, have become popular stopover points on trips between Europe and Asia, for example. Their rapid growth has impacted the development of traditional hubs, such as London, Paris, and New York City. Before the US airline industry was deregulated in 1978, most airlines operated under the point-to-point system (with a notable exception being Pan Am). The Civil Aeronautics Board dictated which routes",
"psg_id": "4901795"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "listed as indeed offering a Chicago–Düsseldorf flight. The passenger is advised however, that airline no. 1 operates the flight from say Chicago to Amsterdam, and airline no. 2 operates the continuing flight (on a different airplane, sometimes from another terminal) to Düsseldorf. Thus the primary rationale for code sharing is to expand one's service offerings in city-pair terms to increase sales. A more recent development is the airline alliance, which became prevalent in the late 1990s. These alliances can act as virtual mergers to get around government restrictions. Alliances of airlines such as Star Alliance, Oneworld, and SkyTeam coordinate their",
"psg_id": "19688"
},
{
"title": "Viasa",
"text": "immediate acceptance by the market. In early 1961, the airline signed an agreement with KLM to operate a Douglas DC-8 on Viasa's behalf, aimed at starting operations to Europe in April that year; KLM maintained a nurturing relationship with Viasa for another 24 years. In the same year, Avensa transferred two Douglas DC-6Bs to the company, as well as an order for a Convair 880-22M. Viasa boosted their Convair 880 order by purchasing another one. The airline flew the type mostly on routes to North America. Also in 1961, the airline joined the International Air Transport Association, becoming its overall",
"psg_id": "1439506"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "million) in 2014. The government has received Dhs14.6 billion from Emirates since dividends started being paid in 1999 for having provided an initial start-up capital of US$10 million and an additional investment of about US$80 million at the time of the airline's inception. The Dubai government is the sole owner of the company. However, it does not put any new money into it, nor does it interfere with running the airline. Emirates has diversified into related industries and sectors, including airport services, engineering, catering, and tour operator operations. Emirates has seven subsidiaries and its parent company has more than 50.",
"psg_id": "1275096"
},
{
"title": "Jazz (airline)",
"text": "jackets from its aircraft to lower fuel costs. According to the airline, passengers are to use floating seat cushions in the event of an emergency over water. The airline also stated that the probability of a water landing on the regional airline routes was almost zero, as no operation over great bodies of water occurs except for the Great Lakes and the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and that in all circumstances, the airline always remains within from land, as stipulated in the law, which removes the obligation from carrying any flotation devices. In April 2010, Jazz Aviation LP had reached",
"psg_id": "2068967"
},
{
"title": "Come Back Song",
"text": "was directed by Trey Fanjoy and premiered in mid-2010. Come Back Song \"Come Back Song\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Darius Rucker. The song, co-written by Rucker and Nashville songwriters Casey Beathard and Chris Stapleton, was released to country music radio in July 2010 as the lead single from Rucker's second album of country music \"Charleston, SC 1966\". \"Come Back Song\" is a mid-tempo which features a narrator singing to his ex via radio and asking her to \"come back.\" \"Come Back Song\" has received mixed reviews from critics. Matt Bjorke of \"Roughstock\" gave the song",
"psg_id": "14752903"
},
{
"title": "Come Back Song",
"text": "Come Back Song \"Come Back Song\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Darius Rucker. The song, co-written by Rucker and Nashville songwriters Casey Beathard and Chris Stapleton, was released to country music radio in July 2010 as the lead single from Rucker's second album of country music \"Charleston, SC 1966\". \"Come Back Song\" is a mid-tempo which features a narrator singing to his ex via radio and asking her to \"come back.\" \"Come Back Song\" has received mixed reviews from critics. Matt Bjorke of \"Roughstock\" gave the song 3.5 of 5 stars and called it \"a strong,",
"psg_id": "14752901"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "Emirates (airline) Emirates ( DMG: \"Ṭayarān Al-Imārāt\") is an airline based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The airline is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group, which is wholly owned by the government of Dubai's Investment Corporation of Dubai. It is the largest airline in the Middle East, operating over 3,600 flights per week from its hub at Dubai International Airport, to more than 140 cities in 81 countries across six continents. Cargo activities are undertaken by Emirates SkyCargo. Emirates is the world's fourth largest airline in scheduled revenue passenger-kilometers flown, the fourth-largest in terms of international passengers carried, and the",
"psg_id": "1275092"
},
{
"title": "Kato Airline",
"text": "Kato Airline Kato Airline AS, trading as Kato Air, was an airline which operated in Northern Norway between 1995 and 2008. Although also operating some smaller aircraft, the main portion of the airline's fleet were two Dornier Do 228. The airline was based at the grounds of Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes in Evenes. Commercial operations began in 1996. An early contract was fling newspapers out of Harstad. During 1999 the airline took delivery of two Do 228s and started a scheduled service from Harstad/Narvik to Bodø and Tromsø. The route was not viable and closed later that year. In the process",
"psg_id": "5029379"
},
{
"title": "Vildanden (airline)",
"text": "Vildanden (airline) Vildanden AS (\"The Wild Duck\") was a virtual, regional airline based at Skien Airport, Geiteryggen in Norway, where it was the only airline. With operations starting in 2005, it flew to Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger using a Jetstream 32 and an ATR 42, which is wet leased from Danish Air Transport (DAT) and Helitrans. Previously, the airline has also served Stockholm and Molde, and has also operated Saab 340 aircraft, operated by Coast Air, Air Aurora and Avitrans. The airline had been in conflict with Coast Air about terminating the wet lease agreement. The company has had to",
"psg_id": "8237433"
},
{
"title": "Airline Tycoon",
"text": "Airline Tycoon 2 received on Metacritic a mediocre score of 57/100 from four reviews. Airline Tycoon Airline Tycoon is a business simulation game by Thomas Holz and Robert Kleinert, in which the player must successfully manage an airline. The original was developed by Spellbound, and published by Infogrames, however, the succeeding versions were published by a variety of publishers. The original \"Airline Tycoon\" was created for Windows, however, the later \"Deluxe\" version was also ported to Linux, Mac OS X, MorphOS, ZETA, iOS and Android. In this game, like all Tycoon computer games, the objective is to become a tycoon,",
"psg_id": "7296580"
},
{
"title": "Kato Airline",
"text": "Rally. The airline made several bids to win more routes. They applied in 2006 for both PSO contracts in Finnmark, but failed to match the bid from Widerøe. Following an inspection, the Civil Aviation Authority of Norway withdrew Kato Air Service's aircraft maintenance certificate on 28 August 2008. They citied several severe breaches of regulation and routines. Subsequently, the board decided on 1 September to liquidate the company. The following is a list of scheduled destinations served by Kato Airline. Kato Airline Kato Airline AS, trading as Kato Air, was an airline which operated in Northern Norway between 1995 and",
"psg_id": "5029389"
},
{
"title": "Airline ticket",
"text": "be created which is used to manage the reservation and check in. It is possible to have multiple passengers in a single passenger name record. Having a reservation does not entitle the passenger to travel. Only when the airline receives the payment, a ticket is issued which is linked to the reservation which allows the passenger to travel. Traditionally, reservation and payment are separate steps, which the time between them are defined in the fare rules when the reservation is made. However, it is more common to require immediate payment on online booking systems. Each passenger must hold his/her own",
"psg_id": "10030847"
},
{
"title": "Lightning Does the Work",
"text": "a pickup truck. Scenes also feature him singing the song in a dark room full of blue smoke. During the instrumental break, Brock puts his goggles on as he watches the lightning kick into the back of the truck, and driving his pickup truck again. He stands outside, and the video ends. Lightning Does the Work \"Lightning Does the Work\" is a song co-written and performed by American country music artist Chad Brock. It was released in March 1999 as the third and final single from his self-titled debut album. The song reached 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles",
"psg_id": "16277039"
},
{
"title": "Lightning Does the Work",
"text": "Lightning Does the Work \"Lightning Does the Work\" is a song co-written and performed by American country music artist Chad Brock. It was released in March 1999 as the third and final single from his self-titled debut album. The song reached 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Brock, John Hadley and Kelly Garrett. The music video was directed by Steven T. Miller, and premiered in March, 1999. It features Brock wearing a ball cap, as he uses a tool to make the metal in his barn for the lightning, and driving",
"psg_id": "16277038"
},
{
"title": "Air Safaris (New Zealand airline)",
"text": "Air Safaris (New Zealand airline) Air Safaris is a New Zealand scenic flight and air charter company based at the Lake Tekapo Airport located 2.8 km west of the town of Lake Tekapo, off State Highway 8 in the Mackenzie District of New Zealand. The airline operates from 5 bases the Lake Tekapo, Franz Josef, Glentanner, Twizel and Mt Cook airports. The company logo is a stylised chamois; these are wild goat-like antelope which inhabits the region of the South Island High Country. Air Safaris was established in 1970 at Mesopotamia station to take hunters and hikers into the mountain",
"psg_id": "16490960"
},
{
"title": "Like Jesus Does",
"text": "Like Jesus Does \"Like Jesus Does\" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Monty Criswell and recorded by American country music artist Eric Church. It was released in January 2013 as the fifth and final single from Church's 2011 album \"Chief\". It was also his eighth consecutive single to be certified gold by the RIAA. The song is a mid-tempo ballad in which the narrator says that his lover accepts his personality and \"loves [him] like Jesus does\". Giving it 3.5 stars out of 5, Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" praised the lyrics and \"vulnerability\", but criticized the",
"psg_id": "17074804"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "year the Government has received at least $100m in dividends. Emirates also faces competition from other UAE-based airlines, Etihad Airways of Abu Dhabi and the low-budget Air Arabia of Sharjah, as well as Qatar Airways of Qatar. Emirates profile on Dhow Net Emirates (airline) Emirates ( DMG: \"Ṭayarān Al-Imārāt\") is an airline based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The airline is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group, which is wholly owned by the government of Dubai's Investment Corporation of Dubai. It is the largest airline in the Middle East, operating over 3,600 flights per week from its hub at Dubai",
"psg_id": "1275136"
},
{
"title": "Girl from the North Country",
"text": "which Dylan drew upon for aspects of the melody and lyrics of \"Girl from the North Country,\" including the line from the refrain \"Remember me to one who lives there, she once was a true love of mine\". Musically, this song is nearly identical to his composition \"Boots of Spanish Leather\", composed and recorded one year later for the album \"The Times They Are a-Changin'\". Girl from the North Country \"Girl from the North Country\" (occasionally known as \"Girl \"of\" the North Country\") is a song written by Bob Dylan. It was recorded at Columbia Recording Studios in New York",
"psg_id": "9520496"
},
{
"title": "The Airline Cooperative",
"text": "140 member airlines and continues to grow. In March 2015, a published map showed there to be:<br> - 147 Airline members worldwide<br> - 66 countries with Airline Cooperative airline members<br> - 116 Airport bases with airlines taking part in the Cooperative<br> The Airline Cooperative The Airline Cooperative (ACO) is a membership organisation formed by a broad group of International Airlines, with the structure of a Cooperative Society. The pivotal aim of the Cooperative is to share non-competitive information, and work together to increase awareness of relevant safety and security concerns, improve efficiency, reduce costs, learn, and grow. As of March",
"psg_id": "18669778"
},
{
"title": "Come See Me and Come Lonely",
"text": "song on their duets album of the same name. Come See Me and Come Lonely \"Come See Me and Come Lonely\" is a song written by Red Lane, and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West. It was released in May 1978 as the first single from the album \"Dottie\". The song peaked at number 17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. In addition, \"Reno\" peaked at number 28 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country chart. Later in the year, the single was released onto West's 1978 album entitled \"Dottie\". It was the only single released from the album.",
"psg_id": "16844746"
},
{
"title": "Come See Me and Come Lonely",
"text": "Come See Me and Come Lonely \"Come See Me and Come Lonely\" is a song written by Red Lane, and recorded by American country music artist Dottie West. It was released in May 1978 as the first single from the album \"Dottie\". The song peaked at number 17 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart. In addition, \"Reno\" peaked at number 28 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country chart. Later in the year, the single was released onto West's 1978 album entitled \"Dottie\". It was the only single released from the album. In 2017, Pam Tillis and Lorrie Morgan covered the",
"psg_id": "16844745"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "which began its operations without any support from the Government. With the outbreak of World War II, the airline presence in Asia came to a relative halt, with many new flag carriers donating their aircraft for military aid and other uses. Following the end of the war in 1945, regular commercial service was restored in India and Tata Airlines became a public limited company on July 29, 1946, under the name Air India. After the independence of India, 49% of the airline was acquired by the Government of India. In return, the airline was granted status to operate international services",
"psg_id": "19657"
},
{
"title": "Parks College Airline",
"text": "Air Lines\". Ozark Air Lines had recently lost its operating certificate from the CAB and purchased the Parks airline only days into its new service to gain its certificate and routes. Ozark would eventually merge with Trans World Airlines in 1986, which in turn would merge with American Airlines in 2001. Mid-Continent would later become part of Braniff International Airways which ceased operations in 1982. The Parks College Airline fleet consisted of the following aircraft as of 1950: Parks College Airlines operated over 17 years without incident. Parks College Airline Parks College Airline was an defunct airline based in the",
"psg_id": "16331973"
},
{
"title": "Ted (airline)",
"text": "screens known as \"Tedevision\" which were used to play videos throughout the flight. First class seating was not available on Ted flights. Every seat had TedTunes, which had 12 music stations plus a station that played live feeds from Air Traffic Control (channel 9) at the pilot's discretion. Ted (airline) Ted was one of two airline divisional brands of United Airlines. It targeted vacation locations in the low cost airline market, in contrast to United's high end divisional \"sub-fleeted\" brand called United p.s.. \"Ted\" comes from the last three letters in the \"United\" brand name. United marketed Ted anthropomorphically and",
"psg_id": "4698223"
},
{
"title": "Which Star Are You From",
"text": "to her younger daughter's choice, becomes determined to put an end to the relationships. Her hate for the director has come full-circle, and Choi now has the chance to do what he wasn't able to do for Hye-su. Which Star Are You From Which Star Are You From () is a South Korean television drama that aired on MBC in 2006. Kim Rae-won plays Choi Seung-hee, a young director who just made a successful international film debut. Following his success in Australia, he meets the girl of his dreams, Lee Hye-su (Jung Ryeo-won), an aspiring musician. After spending a lovestruck",
"psg_id": "8819073"
},
{
"title": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)",
"text": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series) Come Fly with Me is an English mockumentary television comedy series created by and starring Matt Lucas and David Walliams. Narrated by Lindsay Duncan, the series launched on 25 December 2010 on BBC One and BBC One HD. A spoof of British documentaries \"Airport\" and \"Airline\", the series follows the activity at London Stansted Airport and three fictional airlines:FlyLo (a low cost British airline), Our Lady Air (an Irish low-cost airline) and Great British Air (a major international British airline). Lucas and Walliams portray many of the focal airline and airport staff, as",
"psg_id": "15141651"
},
{
"title": "Mount Cook Airline",
"text": "Zealand link brand in the mid 1990s. At this stage the flower was relegated to a spot just below the tail, before vanishing totally in the early 2000s. However, it has made a return in 2012 appearing towards the front of Mount Cook's ATR 72-600 aircraft. The new logo is a much-simplified flower, featuring six separate petals rather than the former layered specimen. Mount Cook Airline Mount Cook Airline, a subsidiary of Air New Zealand, is a regional airline based in Christchurch, New Zealand. Formerly part of the Mount Cook Group, it now operates scheduled services throughout the country under",
"psg_id": "5671966"
},
{
"title": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)",
"text": "the script and characters (translated to Dutch). It was broadcast on RTL 4 from August 2011. Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series) Come Fly with Me is an English mockumentary television comedy series created by and starring Matt Lucas and David Walliams. Narrated by Lindsay Duncan, the series launched on 25 December 2010 on BBC One and BBC One HD. A spoof of British documentaries \"Airport\" and \"Airline\", the series follows the activity at London Stansted Airport and three fictional airlines:FlyLo (a low cost British airline), Our Lady Air (an Irish low-cost airline) and Great British Air (a major",
"psg_id": "15141658"
},
{
"title": "Sun Country Airlines",
"text": "Sun Country also provided ad-hoc charter lift. In 1989 Sun Country became a member of the Civil Reserve Air Fleet (CRAF) and flew many charters to support the Desert Storm operation from 1990 to 1991. After earning profits of $9.7 million for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1991, the airline acquired additional Boeing 727 and DC-10 aircraft. In the mid 1990s, Mark Travel Group, led by Bill LaMacchia, Jr., acquired Sun Country and began changing the focus of the airline. As the DC-10 aircraft aged and required expensive maintenance, the airline gradually reduced the fleet, ultimately retiring the final",
"psg_id": "4212204"
},
{
"title": "Airline codes",
"text": "may not always be the same as the country in which the firm is officially incorporated or registered. There are many other airlines in business whose radio call signs are more obviously derived from the trading name. The callsign should ideally resemble the operator's name or function and not be confused with callsigns used by other operators. The callsign should be easily and phonetically pronounceable in at least English, the international language of aviation. For example, Air France's callsign is \"Airfrans\"; 'frans' is the phonetic spelling of 'France'. The airline accounting code, or prefix code, is a 3-digit number, referenced",
"psg_id": "7795296"
},
{
"title": "Fresh Air (airline)",
"text": "Fresh Air (airline) Fresh Air was a cargo airline based in Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria. It operated cargo charter services mainly within West Africa. Its main base was Murtala Mohammed International Airport, Lagos. The Nigerian government set a deadline of April 30, 2007 for all airlines operating in the country to re-capitalize or be grounded, in an effort to ensure better services and safety. Seven airlines failed to meet the deadline and as a result would not be allowed fly in Nigeria’s airspace with effect from April 30, 2007. These were: ADC Airlines, Fresh Air, Sosoliso Airlines, Albarka Air, Chrome Air",
"psg_id": "4712178"
},
{
"title": "Where the Toys Come From",
"text": "find their maker, named Kenji and their questions are answered. Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they",
"psg_id": "11063384"
},
{
"title": "Where the Toys Come From",
"text": "Where the Toys Come From Where The Toys Come From is a Disney special directed by Theodore Thomas created in 1983 and then released in 1984 by Walt Disney Studio Showcase. It follows the journey of two toys, named Zoom and Peepers, as they try to find out where they were made. Their owner, named Robin assists them in their journey. Their search begins in a toy museum, where they find out they were made in Japan. Robin takes them to the toy store they were purchased from and they begin their trip to Japan. In Japan, Zoom and Peepers",
"psg_id": "11063383"
},
{
"title": "Business class airline",
"text": "Business class airline A business class airline was an airline concept which emerged during the mid-first decade of the 21st century involving a number of airlines that operated all-business class service. Currently, only one all business class airline, La Compagnie, which was founded in 2013, provides an all business class service between Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris and Newark Liberty International Airport. Service is currently provided using two Boeing 757-200 aircraft, to be supplemented with two Airbus A321neos from 2019. Additionally, a startup known as Odyssey Airlines is planning to launch all business class flight from London City Airport",
"psg_id": "12024751"
},
{
"title": "Airline codes",
"text": "Airline codes This is a list of airline codes. The table lists IATA's two-character airline designators, ICAO's three-character airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator). Historical assignments are also included. IATA airline designators, sometimes called IATA reservation codes, are two-character codes assigned by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to the world's airlines. The standard is described in IATA's \"Standard Schedules Information Manual\" and the codes themselves are described in IATA's \"Airline Coding Directory\". (Both are published twice-annually.) The IATA codes originally based on the ICAO designators which were issued in 1947 as two-letter airline identification codes (see",
"psg_id": "7795286"
},
{
"title": "Go (airline)",
"text": "it was initially reported that Cassani might seek to block the deal with EasyJet, that did not happen. She did not accept a position with the new entity and in November 2003, Barbara Cassani published \"Go, An Airline Adventure\", which chronicled the airline's existence. The Go Fleet consisted of the following aircraft before merging with easyJet: Go (airline) Go Fly (styled and trading as Go) was the name of a British low-cost airline, founded by British Airways (BA) in 1998. It operated flights between London Stansted Airport and destinations in Europe. The airline was purchased from BA in a management",
"psg_id": "679184"
},
{
"title": "We Come from the Same Place",
"text": "We Come from the Same Place We Come from the Same Place is the third studio album by indie band Allo Darlin'. It was released by Fortuna Pop! Records on 6 October 2014 in the UK and by Slumberland Records on 7 October 2014 in the US. It received mostly positive reviews, with critics noting the songwriting of Elizabeth Morris and the vocals and guitar work of Paul Rains. \"We Come from the Same Place\" is the third album by London-based Anglo-Australian indie band Allo Darlin'. It is the first recording from the band since singer Elizabeth Morris moved to",
"psg_id": "18805556"
},
{
"title": "Airline complaints",
"text": "Airline complaints Airline complaints are any type of formal complaint filed by an airline customer either to the airline responsible for the grievance or the government office responsible for overseeing the airlines national industry. Airline complaints generally arise out of problems experienced during air travel that were left unresolved. According to the Airline Quality Rating 2007 report, airline hassles in the United States have increased since 2005. The rate of complaints, on the other hand, have remained roughly the same, with 0.88 complaints per 100,000, half of which were due to problems with flights or baggage. This may be due",
"psg_id": "10828456"
}
] | [
"iso 3166-1:ve",
"venezula",
"venezuela, rb",
"republica de venezuela",
"venuzeula",
"the bolivarian republic of venezuela",
"venizuela",
"bolivarian republic of venezuela",
"venezuelan",
"venezuela",
"republica bolivariana de venezuela",
"venazeula",
"bolivaria",
"republic of venezuela",
"venezuala",
"venecuela",
"venzuela",
"venezulea",
"república bolivariana de venezuela",
"etymology of venezuela",
"benezuela",
"venzauela",
"ven",
"venezeula",
"republica de venezuela",
"venezuela (bolivarian republic of)",
"brv",
"venezuela, bolivarian republic of",
"name of venezuela",
"v'zuela"
] |
what was the usa's biggest attack of the vietnam war when it took place in february 1967? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Junction City was an 82-day military operation conducted by United States and Republic of Vietnam (RVN or South Vietnam) forces begun on February 22, 1967, lasting until May 14, 1967. It was the largest U.S. airborne operation since Operation Market Garden during World War II, the only major airborne operation of the Vietnam War, and one of the largest U.S. operations of the Vietnam War. Operation Union was a search and destroy mission in the Que Son Valley carried out by the 1st Marine Regiment to engage the PAVN 2nd Division. Launched on April 21, 1967, the operation ended May",
"psg_id": "14380091"
},
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "May 25, 1967, the operation ended June 5. Running from July 2 to July 14, 1967 Operation Buffalo was a major operation that took place in the southern half of the DMZ, northeast of Con Thien. On 2 July the PAVN 90th Regiment ambushed the 1st Battalion 9th Marines, the Marines suffered 84 killed, 190 wounded and 9 missing making this the worst one-day loss for the Marines in Vietnam. Operation Hong Kil Dong was the largest South Korean operation of the Vietnam War to halt infiltration into friendly areas. Operation Swift was a search and destroy mission in the",
"psg_id": "14380093"
},
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "PAVN losses were estimated at 865. The Battle of Tam Quan was a two-week battle fought when the U.S. 1st Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division and 1st Battalion, 50th Infantry Regiment disrupted the PAVN 22nd Regiment, which was in the process of preparing to conduct a major attack on ARVN installations at Tam Quan. 1967 in the Vietnam War Operation Deckhouse Five was conducted by the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and South Vietnamese Marine Corps forces along the Mekong River Delta. The operation was notable in that it was a sizable, combined USMC and Vietnamese Marine amphibious operation and it",
"psg_id": "14380096"
},
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "1967 in the Vietnam War Operation Deckhouse Five was conducted by the United States Marine Corps (USMC) and South Vietnamese Marine Corps forces along the Mekong River Delta. The operation was notable in that it was a sizable, combined USMC and Vietnamese Marine amphibious operation and it was the last Special Landing Force (SLF) amphibious landing to take place beyond the boundaries of I Corps. The operation occurred January 6–15, 1967. Operation \"Cedar Falls\" was a military operation conducted primarily by US forces. The aim of this massive search and destroy operation was to eradicate the so-called \"Iron Triangle\", an",
"psg_id": "14380089"
},
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "The first battle of Loc Ninh was fought by the Vietcong and the CIDG, and ended when ARVN and US forces relieved the camp. Viet Cong losses were 850-1000 killed The Battle of Đắk Tô was a series of major engagements that took place in Kon Tum Province, in the Central Highlands of South Vietnam. U.S. losses were 361 killed and 15 missing, ARVN losses were 73 killed and 18 missing and PAVN losses were estimated at 1000-1664. Operation Wheeler/Wallowa commenced in Hiep Duc-Que Son Valley and continued until February 1968. U.S. losses were 110 killed and 2 missing and",
"psg_id": "14380095"
},
{
"title": "What It Was, Was Football",
"text": "record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \"What It Was...\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \"\"Deacon\" Andy Griffith.\" Griffith made an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \"What It Was, Was Football\" was printed in \"Mad\" magazine in 1958,",
"psg_id": "11372889"
},
{
"title": "1967 Opium War",
"text": "the United States and Europe. Not least among his markets was disaffected American troops in Vietnam. 1967 Opium War The 1967 Opium War took place in northwestern Laos between February and August 1967; actual fighting took place from 29 July to 1 August 1967. A Burmese militia led mule train carrying 16 tons of opium crossed into Laos to Ban Khwan, where they were attacked by rival drug smugglers from the Chinese Nationalists' Third and Fifth Armies. The intended recipient of the shipment, Royal Lao Army General Ouane Rattikone, bombed both sides while moving in troops to sweep the battlefield.",
"psg_id": "18509360"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "very quickly, usually within the critical first hour. This gave wounded soldiers a higher chance of survival in Vietnam than in any previous war. The helicopter was also adapted for many other roles in Vietnam, including ground attack, reconnaissance, and electronic warfare. Without the helicopter, the war would have been fought very differently. By mid-1967, Westmoreland said that it was conceivable that U.S. forces could be phased out of the war within two years, turning over progressively more of the fighting to the ARVN. That fall, however, savage fighting broke out in the northern provinces. Beginning below the DMZ at",
"psg_id": "9332441"
},
{
"title": "1974 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "of South Vietnam which began on 13 December 1974. 1974 in the Vietnam War The Battle of the Paracel Islands was an engagement fought between the naval forces of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in the Paracel Islands on January 19, 1974. The Battle of Svay Rieng was the last major operation of the Vietnam War to be mounted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) against the Communist People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces. The Battle of the Iron Triangle took place on May 16, 1974, when the 9th Division",
"psg_id": "14427027"
},
{
"title": "1974 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "1974 in the Vietnam War The Battle of the Paracel Islands was an engagement fought between the naval forces of the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) in the Paracel Islands on January 19, 1974. The Battle of Svay Rieng was the last major operation of the Vietnam War to be mounted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) against the Communist People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) forces. The Battle of the Iron Triangle took place on May 16, 1974, when the 9th Division of the PAVN backed by a small contingent of",
"psg_id": "14427024"
},
{
"title": "Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall-USA)",
"text": "and photographs. Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall-USA) The Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall-USA) is an on-line Vietnam War memorial. It was started in 1996 by the veteran Alan Oskvarek who became disabled in the Vietnam War. It is now run by unpaid volunteers of the \"4th Battalion 9th Infantry Regiment Manchu (Vietnam) Association\" on a not-for-profit basis, and is supported by voluntary contributions. It uses the U.S.A. government's official database. The website has a search facility for names on the granite panels on the Vietnam War Memorial in Washington DC, USA. In 2006 the website reported at total of over",
"psg_id": "9320025"
},
{
"title": "Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall-USA)",
"text": "Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall-USA) The Vietnam Veterans Memorial (The Wall-USA) is an on-line Vietnam War memorial. It was started in 1996 by the veteran Alan Oskvarek who became disabled in the Vietnam War. It is now run by unpaid volunteers of the \"4th Battalion 9th Infantry Regiment Manchu (Vietnam) Association\" on a not-for-profit basis, and is supported by voluntary contributions. It uses the U.S.A. government's official database. The website has a search facility for names on the granite panels on the Vietnam War Memorial in Washington DC, USA. In 2006 the website reported at total of over 65,000 remembrances",
"psg_id": "9320024"
},
{
"title": "Miss USA 1967",
"text": "Is Right\" from 1972 to 2007. The Miss USA 1967 delegates were: Miss USA 1967 Miss USA 1967, the 16th Miss USA pageant, was won by Sylvia Hitchcock of Alabama. She was crowned by Miss USA 1966, Maria Remenyi of California. It took place at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Floridaon May 20, 1967. Hitchcock won Miss Universe later and her 2nd runner-up Cheryl Patton later became Miss USA because the 1st runner-up refused the title. This was Bob Barker's first Miss USA Pageant as host, as well as his first time on the CBS network, 5 years",
"psg_id": "11720313"
},
{
"title": "1968 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "of the Vietnam War for America and its allies with 27,915 South Vietnamese (ARVN) soldiers killed and the Americans suffering 16,592 killed compared to around two hundred thousand of the communist forces killed. The deadliest week of the Vietnam War for the USA was during the Tet Offensive specifically February 11–17, 1968, during which period 543 Americans were killed in action, and 2547 were wounded. The People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) violated a New Year's truce. At the New Year's Day Battle of 1968 among the Americans were future writer Larry Heinemann and future film director Oliver Stone. In Newsweek",
"psg_id": "14360793"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "power to utilize American military forces in South Vietnam, using the attack on the \"Maddox\" as cause to get what he wanted. There was rampant confusion in Washington, but the incident was seen by the administration as the perfect opportunity to present Congress with \"a pre-dated declaration of war\" in order to strengthen weakening morale in South Vietnam through reprisal attacks by the U.S. on the North. Even before confirmation of the phantom attack had been received in Washington, President Johnson had decided that an attack could not go unanswered. Just before midnight he appeared on television and announced that",
"psg_id": "9332419"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "being supplied by men with packs on their back traversing jungle trails, while the U.S. was sending shiploads of equipment and hundreds of millions of dollars to South Vietnam every year. Church also opposed widening the war by bombing North Vietnam. \"Expanding the war is not getting out... It is getting further in.\" This was Church's first public declaration of concern about the trajectory of the Vietnam War. Prime Minister Khánh advocated an attack on North Vietnam by the U.S. and South Vietnam. The British Embassy in Saigon reported that if Khánh's demands for an attack were not met, he",
"psg_id": "14428019"
},
{
"title": "Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War",
"text": "first very limited. Initially public opinion was strongly in support of government policy in Vietnam and when the leader of the ALP (in opposition for most of the period), Arthur Calwell announced that the 1966 federal election would be fought specifically on the issue of Vietnam the party suffered their biggest political defeat in decades. However, anti-war sentiment escalated rapidly from 1967, although it never gained support from the majority of the Australian community. The centre-left ALP became more sympathetic to the communists and Calwell stridently denounced South Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ as a \"fascist dictator\" and a",
"psg_id": "8164924"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "that he was limiting bombing of North Vietnam to just north of the Demilitarized Zone and that U.S. representatives were prepared to meet with North Vietnamese counterparts in any suitable place \"to discuss the means to bring this ugly war to an end\". A few days later, much to Johnson's surprise, North Vietnam agreed to contacts between the two sides. On May 13, what became known as the Paris peace talks began. On March 16, 1968, three companies of Task Force Barker, part of the Americal Division, took part in a search and destroy operation near the village of My",
"psg_id": "9332452"
},
{
"title": "Thailand in the Vietnam War",
"text": "of the war, almost 50,000 American military personnel were stationed in Thailand, mainly airmen. In October 1967 the Royal Thai Volunteer Regiment (Queen's Cobras) was sent to Camp Bearcat at Bien Hoa, to fight alongside the Americans, Australians, New Zealanders and South Vietnamese. In 1968 the Cobras were replaced by the Royal Thai Army Expeditionary Division (\"Black Panthers\"). About 40,000 Thai military would serve in South Vietnam, with 351 killed in action and 1,358 wounded. The last Thai ground forces were withdrawn from South Vietnam on 5 February, 1972. Thailand in the Vietnam War The Kingdom of Thailand, under the",
"psg_id": "20560420"
},
{
"title": "Miss USA 1967",
"text": "Miss USA 1967 Miss USA 1967, the 16th Miss USA pageant, was won by Sylvia Hitchcock of Alabama. She was crowned by Miss USA 1966, Maria Remenyi of California. It took place at the Miami Beach Auditorium in Miami Beach, Floridaon May 20, 1967. Hitchcock won Miss Universe later and her 2nd runner-up Cheryl Patton later became Miss USA because the 1st runner-up refused the title. This was Bob Barker's first Miss USA Pageant as host, as well as his first time on the CBS network, 5 years before becoming a regular with the network as host of \"The Price",
"psg_id": "11720312"
},
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "16. From April to May 1967 The Hill Fights was a battle between the PAVN and USMC on Hills 881 North, 881 South, and 861 north of Khe Sanh Combat Base in the I Corps Tactical Zone. Running from May 11 to 1 July 1967 Operation Malheur I and Operation Malheur II were a series of military actions conducted by the United States Army subduing increased activity by Vietcong forces in the northern part of South Vietnam. Operation Union II was a search and destroy mission in the Que Son Valley carried out by the 5th Marine Regiment. Launched on",
"psg_id": "14380092"
},
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Que Son Valley carried out by the 1st Marine Division. Launched on September 4, 1967, the ensuing battles killed 114 Americans and an estimated 376 PAVN. The operation ended September 15. The Royal Thai Army Regiment starts its deployment in South Vietnam. Operation Medina was a search and destroy operation conducted in the Hai Lang Forest Reserve of South Vietnam. The Battle of Ong Thanh saw the soldiers of the 2nd Battalion, 28th Infantry (the \"Black Lions\"), ambushed by a well-entrenched and prepared Viet Cong regiment outnumbering the Americans almost 10-to-1.U.s. losses were 64 killed, 2 missing and 75 wounded",
"psg_id": "14380094"
},
{
"title": "1973 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "mission southwest of Saigon. A South Vietnamese pilot was also killed in the attack and another four Americans were wounded. As a result of this attack all US MIA field recovery efforts were indefinitely suspended. Only 50 U.S. military personnel remained in Vietnam. South Vietnamese armed forces totaled 1.1 million. 233,748 South Vietnamese have been killed in combat as of this date. 1973 in the Vietnam War 1973 in the Vietnam War began with a peace agreement, the Paris Peace Accords, signed by the United States and South Vietnam on one side of the Vietnam War and communist North Vietnam",
"psg_id": "14425471"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "wounded, with no US casualties. Although the United States claimed that the \"Maddox\" was engaged in peaceful surveillance, on nearby islands South Vietnam forces were conducting Operation 34A guerrilla raids. U.S. destroyers Maddox and C. Turner Joy reported that they were under fire, in a second Tonkin Gulf incident. Evidence suggests, however, that no actual attack took place. President Johnson informed Congressional leaders that he was ordering retaliatory air strikes on North Vietnam from U.S. aircraft carriers stationed off shore of Vietnam. Among the Congressional leaders, only Senator Mike Mansfield disagreed with the retaliation. China ordered its military forces near",
"psg_id": "14428022"
},
{
"title": "1965 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "draft card as a protest against the Vietnam War. He was arrested by the FBI and later served 22 months in prison. Protests against the U.S. participation in the Vietnam War took place in Europe and in about 40 U.S. cities. The organization coordinating the U.S. demonstrations was called the National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam. The Siege of Plei Me was a series of assaults by the North Vietnamese army on a CIDG camp manned by U.S. and ARVN special forces and rangers and 400 Montagnard allies. U.S. airstrikes and a relief force lifted the siege.",
"psg_id": "14427228"
},
{
"title": "Republic of China in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Republic of China in the Vietnam War The Republic of China (Taiwan), commonly known as Nationalist China supported South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. Both were anti-communist Asian nations fighting against rival communist regimes, the People's Republic of China and North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam). From November 1967, the ROC secretly operated a cargo transport detachment to assist the US and the ROV. It was based on existing formation of the 34th squadron of ROC Air force. The unit's strength included two cargo aircraft, seven flight officers and two mechanics, even though a higher number of",
"psg_id": "14492510"
},
{
"title": "1973 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "to Saigon's flagrant and continued violations of the cease fire.\" However, the Politburo decided that all-out war was not feasible and that North Vietnam would continue to express adherence to the Paris Peace Accord. Operation End Sweep ended. In accordance with the Paris Peace Accord, the U.S. navy cleared all naval mines from North Vietnamese coastal waters. The total U.S. military presence in South Vietnam, in accordance with the Paris Peace Accord, is now less than 250, excluding the marine guards at the U.S. Embassy in Saigon. The last bombing by American planes anywhere in Indochina took place when B-52s",
"psg_id": "14425468"
},
{
"title": "Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam",
"text": "were arrested in Sydney. The Melbourne march was held on 18 September. The third moratorium in June 1971 closed the Centre. In Melbourne, on 30 June 1971, there was a march of nearly 100,000 people. By this time public opinion was beginning to turn decisively against conscription and Australian involvement in the war. Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam was a massive demonstration and teach-in across the United States against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. It took place on October 15, 1969, followed a month later by a",
"psg_id": "5449124"
},
{
"title": "Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam",
"text": "Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam The Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam was a massive demonstration and teach-in across the United States against the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. It took place on October 15, 1969, followed a month later by a large Moratorium March on Washington. The Moratorium developed from Jerome Grossman's April 20, 1969, call for a general strike if the war had not concluded by October. David Hawk and Sam Brown, who had previously worked on the unsuccessful 1968 presidential campaign of Eugene McCarthy, changed the concept to a less radical moratorium",
"psg_id": "5449114"
},
{
"title": "USA Final 1967",
"text": "the home side for the final. 1967 USA Champions: Los Angeles Wolves USA Final 1967 The USA Final 1967 was the United Soccer Association's first, and only, postseason championship game. The Los Angeles Wolves (composed of players from England's Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. defeated the Washington Whips (made up of members of Scotland's Aberdeen F.C.), 6 to 5, in a sudden death overtime after 90 minutes of regular play and 30 minutes of extra time, with the win coming from an own goal credited against Washington's Ally Shewan. . The title game, a single-game match, took place on July 14, 1967",
"psg_id": "17604181"
},
{
"title": "Terminology of the Vietnam War",
"text": "Terminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously called the Second Indochina War, the Vietnam Conflict ,the Vietnam War, and Nam. In Vietnam it is commonly known as Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). The name \"Second Indochina War\" places the conflict into context with other distinct, but related, and contiguous conflicts in Southeast Asia. Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia are seen as the battlegrounds of a larger Indochinese conflict",
"psg_id": "11773033"
},
{
"title": "1968 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "as saying, \"It became necessary to destroy the town to save it.\" During the week of February 11–17, 1968 the record for the highest US casualty toll during one week was set. The record coming off after the Tet Offensive was 543 Americans killed in action, and 2547 wounded. Walter Cronkite, reporting after his recent trip to Vietnam for his television special \"Who, What, When, Where, Why?\" gives a highly critical editorial and urges America to leave Vietnam \"...not as victors, but as an honorable people who lived up to their pledge to defend democracy, and did the best they",
"psg_id": "14360800"
},
{
"title": "New Zealand in the Vietnam War",
"text": "arrivals. RNZE Det helped set up the NZ artillery battery when it moved to Nui Dat in September 1966 and again for Victor One Company RNZIR from early November to December 1967. The final detachment was sent to assist 1 NZATTV establish themselves in Chi Lang in November 1970. This detachment stayed in South Vietnam until February 1971. Additionally, Lieutenant Colonel Kenneth Charles Fenton RNZE, was administratively in charge of all New Zealand forces in Vietnam, at the New Zealand Headquarters in Saigon (V Force HQ) from July 25, 1968 to July 30, 1970. As American focus shifted to President",
"psg_id": "9910959"
},
{
"title": "Terminology of the Vietnam War",
"text": "War. The Vietnam War translates directly as \"Chiến tranh Việt Nam\" in Vietnamese. For people in Vietnam the common phrase is Kháng chiến chống Mỹ (Resistance War against America). \"Resistance War against the American Empire to Save the Nation\" is the more formal term used by the Vietnam government; it is more of a saying than a name, and its meaning is self-evident. Terminology of the Vietnam War Various names have been applied what is known as the Vietnam War. These have shifted over time, although Vietnam War is the most commonly used title in English. It has been variously",
"psg_id": "11773035"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "its American patrons. After the Tet Offensive, influential news magazines and newspapers, including the \"Wall Street Journal\", \"Time\" and \"The New York Times\", increasingly began to characterize the war as a stalemate. What shocked and dismayed the American public was the realization that either it had been lied to or that the American military command had been dangerously overoptimistic in its appraisal of the situation in Vietnam. The public could not understand how such an attack was possible after being told for several years that victory was just around the corner. The Tet Offensive came to embody the growing credibility",
"psg_id": "9332449"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "new levels and lead to the full scale Americanization of the war. On the evening of August 2, 1964, the destroyer was conducting an electronic intelligence collection mission in international waters (even as claimed by North Vietnam) in the Gulf of Tonkin when it was attacked by three P-4 torpedo boats of the North Vietnamese Navy. Reports later reached the Johnson administration saying that the \"Maddox\" was under attack. Two nights later, after being joined by the destroyer \"C. Turner Joy\", the \"Maddox\" again reported that both vessels were under attack. Regardless, President Johnson addressed Congress asking for more political",
"psg_id": "9332418"
},
{
"title": "Action of 23 August 1967",
"text": "with the loss of more than 700 aircraft. The bombing campaign continued until 31 October 1968, when it was abandoned by the U.S. Government. Action of 23 August 1967 The Action of 23 August 1967 was a major air battle which involved elements of the Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) and the United States Air Force (USAF). The air battle took place over the skies of North Vietnam as part of Operation Rolling Thunder, during the Vietnam War. On 2 January 1967, the United States Air Force launched Operation Bolo with the aim of luring North Vietnamese MiG fighters into",
"psg_id": "15655577"
},
{
"title": "1972 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Nixon proposed that all US prisoners of war (POWs) be released and an internationally supervised cease fire take place. The U.S. would cease bombing and withdraw from South Vietnam within six months after those conditions were met. Nixon also announced the mining of Haiphong and other North Vietnamese harbors, calculating correcting that he could take such a step without endangering the U.S.'s improving relationships with China and the Soviet Union. Nixon's action inspired an outbreak of anti-Vietnam War protests around the U.S. with 1,800 arrests of protesters reported. In one of the largest and most intense battles of the Easter",
"psg_id": "14425351"
},
{
"title": "The World Is What It Is",
"text": "The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \"A Bend in the River\". \"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage",
"psg_id": "12715771"
},
{
"title": "1973 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Nixon announced that a peace agreement had been reached in Paris which would end the Vietnam War and \"bring peace with honor.\" With the knowledge that the Paris Peace agreement called for a cease fire in place, communist troops in South Vietnam attacked 400 villages attempting to expand their area of control before the cease fire took effect. Both North and South Vietnam struggled to gain control of more territory during the \"land grab.\" Within two weeks South Vietnam had regained control of all but 23 of the villages. The Paris Peace Accords, formally titled the \"Agreement on Ending the",
"psg_id": "14425453"
},
{
"title": "1972 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "this weekend.\" Anti-war demonstrators protested the bombing of North Vietnam throughout the United States. Hundreds of protesters were arrested. Several North Vietnamese MiG-17F fighter-bombers attacked United States Navy warships in the Battle of Đồng Hới. This was the first air attack on U.S. warships of the Vietnam War. One US destroyer was damaged. The U.S. navy sunk several motor torpedo boats and shot down several North Vietnamese war planes and also engaged shore batteries in North Vietnam. President Nixon announced that American troops would be reduced in numbers in South Vietnam from 69,000 on this date to 49,000 by 1",
"psg_id": "14425347"
},
{
"title": "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War",
"text": "a Harris poll from 1967 asking what aspect most troubled people most about the Vietnam war the plurality answer of 31% was \"the loss of our young men.\" A separated 1967 Harris poll asked the American public,\"How has the war affected your own family, job or financial life?\" The majority of respondents, 55%, said that it had had no effect on their lives. Of the 45% who indicated the war had affected their lives, 32% listed inflation as the most important factor while 25% listed casualties inflicted. As the war continued the public became much more opposed to the war",
"psg_id": "5077506"
},
{
"title": "1965 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "D.C. about 20,000 people gathered to protest the Vietnam War. This was the first large protest against the war in the United States. China rescinded the order to its air force to not attack American war planes violating Chinese air space. Over the next three years, 12 American war planes and several reconnaissance planes were shot down over China. In a meeting in Hawaii, Ambassador Taylor finally agreed to the introduction of U.S. combat ground forces into South Vietnam. In a memo to the President the next day, Secretary of Defense McNamara described the military consensus that \"it would take",
"psg_id": "14427198"
},
{
"title": "1973 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "agreement whether or not Thieu agreed. South Vietnamese President Thieu notified the U.S. government that he would sign the Paris Peace Accords on behalf of South Vietnam. Knowing that the peace agreement called for a cease fire in place, Thieu ordered his armed forces to regain as much territory as possible prior to the ceasefire agreement. South Vietnamese forces established forward posts in communist-controlled areas to bolster their claim to the surrounding land. This was the beginning of what was called the \"land grab.\" Former U.S. president Lyndon B. Johnson, whose presidency was marred by the Vietnam War, died. President",
"psg_id": "14425452"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War The role of the United States in the Vietnam War began after World War II and escalated into full commitment during the Vietnam War from 1955 to 1975. The U.S. involvement in South Vietnam stemmed from 20 long years of political and economic action. These had the common incentive of ending the growing communist domination in Vietnam. At the time, French forces, allies of the U.S., were backed by America — President Harry S. Truman provided progressively increasing amounts of financial and military assistance to French forces fighting in Vietnam. From",
"psg_id": "9332409"
},
{
"title": "Terminology of the Vietnam War",
"text": "that began at the end of World War II and lasted until communist victory in 1975. This conflict can be viewed in terms of the demise of colonialism and its after-effects during the Cold War. The term \"Vietnam Conflict\" is largely a U.S. designation, it acknowledges that the United States Congress never declared war on North Vietnam. Legally, the President used his constitutional discretion—supplemented by supportive resolutions in Congress—to conduct what was said to be a \"police action\". \"Vietnam War\" is the most commonly used designation in English. Most Vietnamese who interact with foreigners are familiar with the term Vietnam",
"psg_id": "11773034"
},
{
"title": "USA Final 1967",
"text": "USA Final 1967 The USA Final 1967 was the United Soccer Association's first, and only, postseason championship game. The Los Angeles Wolves (composed of players from England's Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. defeated the Washington Whips (made up of members of Scotland's Aberdeen F.C.), 6 to 5, in a sudden death overtime after 90 minutes of regular play and 30 minutes of extra time, with the win coming from an own goal credited against Washington's Ally Shewan. . The title game, a single-game match, took place on July 14, 1967 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before a crowd of only 17,482",
"psg_id": "17604178"
},
{
"title": "Peter Badcoe",
"text": "in the Australian Army Training Team Vietnam during the Vietnam War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the Victoria Cross. On 23 February 1967, in Hương Trà, Vietnam, Major Badcoe rescued, under heavy fire, a United States Medical Adviser. On 7 March, he led his company in an attack and turned what seemed to be certain defeat into a victory. Again, on 7 April, he attempted to lead his company against more powerful opposition. This final act of bravery resulted in his death. For his \"three acts of heroism\" and \"outstanding leadership\" between February and",
"psg_id": "3476675"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "South Vietnam as proposed by de Gaulle and others. The Battle of Long Dinh involved the People's Liberation Armed Forces (Viet Cong) and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN). ARVN, despite overwhelming numbers and firepower, was not aggressive in its attack and the Viet Cong escaped. President Johnson met with the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff General Maxwell Taylor recommended a \"progressive and selective attack on targets in North Vietnam.\" Johnson, however, disagreed, saying that \"he did not want to start a war before November\" because of the impact an expanded",
"psg_id": "14428004"
},
{
"title": "1969 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "1969 in the Vietnam War Tet 1969 refers to the attacks mounted by principally North Vietnamese forces in February 1969 in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, one year after the original Tet Offensive. Operation Menu was the codename of a covert United States Strategic Air Command (SAC) bombing campaign conducted in eastern Cambodia from 18 March 1969 until 26 May 1970, during the Vietnam War. The supposed targets of these attacks were sanctuaries and Base Areas of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) and forces of the National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF or \"Viet Cong\"),",
"psg_id": "14388030"
},
{
"title": "1965 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "troops in South Vietnam should be increased to about 400,000 in 1966 and possibly by an additional 200,000 in 1967. McNamara estimated that 1,000 Americans per month would die in the war and that \"the odds are even\" that the U.S. would prevail. McNamara recommended a pause in bombing North Vietnam of 3 to 4 weeks duration to try to find a way to end the war before undertaking the military buildup. Ambassador Lodge, General Westmoreland, and CINCPAC opposed the bombing halt. In an article in \"Reader's Digest\", former Vice President Richard Nixon opposed negotiations to end the Vietnam War.",
"psg_id": "14427234"
},
{
"title": "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War",
"text": "United Nations Headquarters in New York City. Both protests were conscious imitations of earlier (and ongoing) Buddhist protests in South Vietnam. Protests against the Vietnam War took place in the late 1960s and early 1970s. The protests were part of a movement in opposition to the Vietnam War and took place mainly in the United States. (See also Students for a Democratic Society, Free Speech Movement, Jerry Rubin, Abbie Hoffman, Youth International Party, Chicago Seven.) The growing anti-war movement alarmed many in the U.S. government. On August 16, 1966 the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) began investigations of Americans who",
"psg_id": "5077467"
},
{
"title": "National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam",
"text": "National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam The Spring Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, which became the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, was a coalition of antiwar activists formed in 1967 to organize large demonstrations in opposition to the Vietnam War. The organization was informally known as \"the Mobe\". On April 15, 1967, the Spring Mobilization's massive march against the Vietnam War from Central Park to the United Nations attracted hundreds of thousands of people, including Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Harry Belafonte, James Bevel, and Dr. Benjamin Spock, who marched",
"psg_id": "8863952"
},
{
"title": "1963 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "the US to use what effective sanctions it has to bring about the fall of the existing government and the installation of another\" and \"study should be given [to] the suspension of aid.\" A meeting later that day between President Kennedy and his advisers was indecisive.\" At a press conference, President Kennedy said the U.S. opinion of the Vietnam War was, \"What helps to win the war, we support; what interferes with the war effort, we oppose...We are not there to see a war lost. British counterinsurgency expert Robert Grainger Ker Thompson told Ambassador Lodge that Hanoi was willing to",
"psg_id": "14427657"
},
{
"title": "1969 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "which utilized them for resupply, training, and resting between campaigns across the border in the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam). The number of American military personnel in Vietnam peaked at 543,000. Tensions and casualties start escalating months after the Vietnam War begins both in Vietnam and back home in the United States. In the beginning of April a massive group of Harvard students took their angers to the school, trying to overthrow officials all while physically taking out multiple deans and eventually locked themselves in to revolt against the Vietnam War. Meanwhile, over in Vietnam the war starts to escalate",
"psg_id": "14388031"
},
{
"title": "Women in the Vietnam War",
"text": "impacted were the civilian casualties. One infamous and horrific attack on civilian women occurred in March of 1968 – the My Lai massacre. Over 500 unarmed men, women and children were mercilessly slain in the hamlet of Sorn Tinh (South Vietnam) by American Soldiers. Women and young girls were first raped and tortured by groups of American soldiers before being killed. The cause of the Vietnam War started out as essentially a civil war, the North against the South. Northern Vietnam was run by a Communist government, lead by Ho Chi Minh. In order to gain popularity and enhance social",
"psg_id": "20942216"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "were to withdraw from the war. \"I don't know how in the hell you're gonna get out unless they [the Senate Republicans] tell you to get out.\" After the talk with Russell, Johnson telephoned his adviser McGeorge Bundy and said, \"I don't think it [South Vietnam] is worth fighting for and I don't think we can get out. It's just the biggest damn mess I ever saw.\" United Nations Security Council Resolution 189, adopted unanimously, deplored an incident caused by the penetration of military units of South Vietnam into Cambodia and requested compensation for the Cambodians. The resolution also requested",
"psg_id": "14428012"
},
{
"title": "Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War",
"text": "as they could see was not ending. In a poll from December 1967, 71% of the public believed the war would not be settled in 1968. A year later the same question was asked and 55% of people did not think the war would be settled in 1969. When the American public was asked about the Vietnam-era Anti-War movement in the 1990s, 39% of the public said the approved while 39% said they disapproved. The last 22% were unsure. Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War began with demonstrations",
"psg_id": "5077507"
},
{
"title": "1967 Opium War",
"text": "1967 Opium War The 1967 Opium War took place in northwestern Laos between February and August 1967; actual fighting took place from 29 July to 1 August 1967. A Burmese militia led mule train carrying 16 tons of opium crossed into Laos to Ban Khwan, where they were attacked by rival drug smugglers from the Chinese Nationalists' Third and Fifth Armies. The intended recipient of the shipment, Royal Lao Army General Ouane Rattikone, bombed both sides while moving in troops to sweep the battlefield. With both Burmese militia and Nationalist Chinese defeated and expelled from Laos, the Lao general confiscated",
"psg_id": "18509343"
},
{
"title": "1960 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Kennedy won on November 8, 1960. For the first time South Vietnam charged North Vietnam with aggression. A few days earlier the Viet Cong had captured several ARVN and Civil Guard posts near Kontum in the central highlands. The Diem government claimed that the attack had been mounted by soldiers from North Vietnam who had infiltrated South Vietnam through Laos utilizing the network of trails and roads later called the Ho Chi Minh trail. The ARVN recaptured the lost posts. Five paratroop battalions encircled the Presidential Palace in Saigon in what would be a failed coup attempt against President Diem.",
"psg_id": "14430169"
},
{
"title": "1940–46 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "The Việt Minh military leader, Võ Nguyên Giáp, had three divisions of soldiers stationed near Hanoi and used his few pieces of artillery to blast away at the French. French negotiator Jean Sainteny was seriously wounded when a land mine blew up his car. It would take the French two months to expel the Việt Minh from Hanoi as combat spread to all parts of Vietnam. This date and the Việt Minh attack—actually a counter-attack—is often considered by pro-French historians the beginning of the First Indochina War. Ho Chi Minh broadcast by radio a nationwide appeal to Vietnamese to rise",
"psg_id": "19125534"
},
{
"title": "China in the Vietnam War",
"text": "another Korean War in Vietnam. Zhang Xiaoming, a Chinese scholar also suggests that although Mao Zedong's theory of world revolution determined China's response in using military force to aid Vietnam and resist the United States, what Beijing may wish was only to deter but not confront Washington. However, American policymakers interpreted in another way. They perceived that the battles in South Vietnam and other parts of Southeast Asia were a crucial signal of further Communist expansion so that America increased the military involvement there and the Vietnam War intensified. From an ideological perspective, Anthony Short believes there are various reasons",
"psg_id": "20886001"
},
{
"title": "1975 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "with the South Vietnamese army retreating toward Saigon. Unlike earlier battles of the Spring Offensive, ARVN had put up a vigorous resistance to the attack of the North Vietnamese. Xuân Lộc was to be the last major battle of the Vietnam War. The North Vietnamese now controlled 2/3 of the territory of the country. President Thiệu of South Vietnam resigned, leaving the government in the hands of Vice President Trần Văn Hương. In his 2-hour resignation speech, Thiệu criticized the U.S. for not keeping its promises to Vietnam. He departed Vietnam in exile a few days later. In response to",
"psg_id": "14430852"
},
{
"title": "1962 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "1962 in the Vietnam War The Viet Cong insurgency expanded in South Vietnam in 1962. U.S. military personnel flew combat missions and accompanied South Vietnamese soldiers in ground operations to find and defeat the insurgents. Secrecy was the official U.S. policy concerning the extent of U.S. military involvement in South Vietnam. The U.S.'s commanding general of MACV, Paul D. Harkins, projected optimism that progress was being made in the war, but that optimism was refuted by the concerns expressed by a large number of more junior officers and civilians. Several prominent magazines, newspapers, and politicians in the U.S. questioned the",
"psg_id": "14429405"
},
{
"title": "1960 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Saigon, that the counterinsurgency programs of his government had been successful and that \"the Communists have now given up hope of controlling the countryside.\" General Williams said that \"the internal security situation here now, although at times delicate, is better than it has been at any time in the last two or three years. In what has been called \"the start of the Vietnam War\", the Viet Cong attacked and took temporary control of several districts in Kiến Hòa Province (now Bến Tre Province) in the Mekong Delta. The Viet Cong set up \"people's committees,\" and confiscated land from landlords",
"psg_id": "14430148"
},
{
"title": "1968 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "1968 in the Vietnam War The year 1968 saw major developments in the Vietnam War. The military operations started with an attack on a US base by the Vietnam People's Army (NVA) and the Viet Cong on January 1, ending a truce declared by the Pope and agreed upon by all sides. At the end of January, the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong launched the Tet Offensive. Hanoi erred monumentally in its certainty that the offensive would trigger a supportive uprising of the population. NVA and Viet Cong troops throughout the South, from Hue to the Mekong Delta, attacked",
"psg_id": "14360790"
},
{
"title": "1963 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "replace corrupt/incompetent military, cabinet, and province officials, prosecute the war against the VC, recall political refugees from France/USA, and establish a new government. While this group fears Diệm, they especially fear Mr. [Ngô Dinh] Nhu who they consider will surely succeed Diệm and who will seek reunification of North and South Vietnam through neutralist solution. The State Department in Washington issued a secret report titled \"Statistics on the War Effort in South Vietnam Show Unfavorable Trends.\" The report said that \"since July 1963, the trend in Viet Cong casualties, weapons losses, and defections has been downward while the number of",
"psg_id": "14427663"
},
{
"title": "1965 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "people, including 2 Americans. In North Vietnam Ho Chi Minh decreed a new military service law. Enlistments were extended indefinitely for soldiers, previously discharged soldiers were recalled, and an increased number of young people were inducted into military service. During 1965, North Vietnam expanded the size of its army by 290,000 personnel and its self-defense militia from 1.4 million to 2.0 million. President Johnson made a major televised speech at Johns Hopkins University. Johnson described the Vietnam War as an attack by North Vietnam on South Vietnam. He proposed \"unconditional discussions\" to exchange views with interested parties in search of",
"psg_id": "14427194"
},
{
"title": "1970 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "by U.S. forces between 1 May and 30 June. The Battle of Kompong Speu was when the combined forces of the South Vietnamese and Cambodian Armies fought to recapture the provincial capital of Kompong Speu. The town was captured by Communist forces on June 13 but was retaken by allied forces on June 16. The Battle of Prey Veng was part of the Army of the Republic of Viet Nam's campaign in Cambodia. It took place in Prey Veng on June 15, 1970, where ARVN and Cambodian troops battled the Vietnam People's Army and Vietcong forces. It ended with an",
"psg_id": "14418326"
},
{
"title": "Battle of Lo Giang",
"text": "Battle of Lo Giang The Battle of Lo Giang was a battle during the Vietnam War. It took place from 8-9 February 1968, when the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN)'s 2nd Division attacked the Da Nang Air Base as part of the Tet Offensive. The attack was repelled by U.S. Marine Corps and U.S. Army units. On 7 February 1968, the 1st Marine Division commander MG Donn J. Robertson informed III Marine Amphibious Force commander LG Robert E. Cushman Jr. that the PAVN 2nd Division had evaded Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) and Republic of Korea Marine Corps",
"psg_id": "20452496"
},
{
"title": "China in the Vietnam War",
"text": "wounded.” In 1968, China’s strategic environment changed a lot, and Sino-Soviet relations took a decisive turn for the worse. When China was seeking rapprochement with America, “North Vietnam was still locked in a desperate struggle with the Americans,” which created serious implications for Sino-DRV relations. Plus the beginning of the Cultural Revolution in China, all things together triggered tension and conflict between Beijing and Hanoi leading to the end of China’s assistance. The Vietnam War attached great importance to the course of the world in the second half of the 20th century, which affected the strategic interests of the People",
"psg_id": "20885997"
},
{
"title": "Thailand in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Thailand in the Vietnam War The Kingdom of Thailand, under the administration of military dictator Field Marshall Thanom Kittikachorn, took an active role in the Vietnam War. Thailand was the third-largest provider of ground forces to South Vietnam, following the Americans and South Koreans. Due to its proximity to Thailand, Vietnam's conflicts were closely monitored by Bangkok. Thai involvement did not become official until the total involvement of the United States in support of South Vietnam in 1963. The Thai government then allowed the United States Air Force in Thailand to use its air and naval bases. At the height",
"psg_id": "20560419"
},
{
"title": "New Zealand in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Richard Nixon's 'Vietnamization' – a policy of slow disengagement from the war, by gradually building up the Army of the Republic of Vietnam so that it could fight the war on its own, New Zealand dispatched the 1st New Zealand Army Training Team Vietnam (1 NZATTV) in January 1971. Numbering 25 men from different branches of service, it assisted the United States Army Training Team in Chi Lang. The team helped train South Vietnamese platoon commanders in tactics and small-arms techniques. In February 1972 a second training team (2 NZATTV), 18 strong (including three RNZN personnel), was deployed to Vietnam",
"psg_id": "9910960"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "to United Press International that there was nothing to do in Vietnam and therefore many of the men smoked marijuana. He said, \"One of the biggest reasons that a lot of GIs do get high over here is there is nothing to do. This place is really a drag; it's a bore over here. Like right now sitting around here, we are getting loaded. Whereas, it doesn't really get you messed up; that's I guess the main reason why we smoke it.\" American forces would conduct operations against PAVN forces, pushing them further back into the countryside away from the",
"psg_id": "9332434"
},
{
"title": "Vietnam Veterans Against the War",
"text": "transformation. Yet it did not fold.\" it also gained important extensions of medical treatment for veterans, influencing treatment as well of current military members. Vietnam Veterans Against the War Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) is an American tax-exempt non-profit organization and corporation founded in 1967 to oppose the United States policy and participation in the Vietnam War. VVAW says it is a national veterans' organization that campaigns for peace, justice, and the rights of all United States military veterans. It publishes a twice-yearly newsletter, \"The Veteran\"; this was earlier published more frequently as \"1st Casualty\" (1971–1972) and then as",
"psg_id": "6225668"
},
{
"title": "1972 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "the number of air raids against North Vietnam during all of 1971. Prime Minister Lon Nol declared President of Cambodia. Unlike the former Cambodian leader, Norodom Sihanouk, Lon Nol was a U.S. ally. The U.S. 101st Airborne Division left South Vietnam, the last U.S. ground combat division to be withdrawn from South Vietnam. The Khmer Rouge bombarded with artillery Phnom Penh, the capital city of Cambodia, killing more than 100 civilians. This was the heaviest attack on Phnom Penh since the Cambodian Civil War began in 1970. The United States boycotted peace negotiations in Paris with the North Vietnamese, citing",
"psg_id": "14425340"
},
{
"title": "Vietnam Veterans Against the War",
"text": "Vietnam Veterans Against the War Vietnam Veterans Against the War (VVAW) is an American tax-exempt non-profit organization and corporation founded in 1967 to oppose the United States policy and participation in the Vietnam War. VVAW says it is a national veterans' organization that campaigns for peace, justice, and the rights of all United States military veterans. It publishes a twice-yearly newsletter, \"The Veteran\"; this was earlier published more frequently as \"1st Casualty\" (1971–1972) and then as \"Winter Soldier\" (1973–1975). VVAW identifies as anti-war, although not in the pacifistic sense. Membership has varied greatly, from almost 25,000 veterans during the height",
"psg_id": "6225640"
},
{
"title": "1973 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "had ceased. The International Guarantee Conference, set up to supervise the Paris Peace Accords, took place in Paris. The principal issue was violations of the in-place cease fire called for in the accord. The Viet Cong (PRG) representative accused the South Vietnam of \"thousands\" of military sweeps to take control of additional areas; the South Vietnamese representative charged the Viet Cong with 4,595 violations of the cease fire. The official communist party publication of North Vietnam outlined two scenarios for the future: victory in South Vietnam through political struggle or victory through a military victory. The first alternative and the",
"psg_id": "14425461"
},
{
"title": "Homecoming: When the Soldiers Returned from Vietnam",
"text": "whom protesters were maligning. It was the leaders of government, and the top generals—at least, that is how it seemed in memory. One of the most popular chants during the anti-war marches was, \"Stop the war in Vietnam, bring the boys home.\" You heard that at every peace rally in America. \"Bring the boys home.\" That was the message. Also, when one thought realistically about the image of what was supposed to have happened, it seemed questionable. So-called \"hippies\", no matter what else one may have felt about them, were not the most macho people in the world. Picture a",
"psg_id": "18312303"
},
{
"title": "China in the Vietnam War",
"text": "coordination with the Vietnamese and Laotian parties.” To counter these U.S. overwhelming air strikes, Ho requested Chinese Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) units in a meeting with Mao in May 1965. In response, People’s Liberation Army (PLA) forces began flowing into North Vietnam in July 1965 to help defend Hanoi and its major transportation systems. That’s one of the signal that China had increased the aid to Hanoi. The total number of Chinese troops in North Vietnam between June 1965 and March 1968 amounted to over 320,000. “The peak year was 1967 when 170,000 Chinese soldiers were present.” It was the same",
"psg_id": "20885993"
},
{
"title": "South Korea in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Army during the Vietnam War as a child. South Korea in the Vietnam War The South Korean government, under the administration of Park Chung-hee, took an active role in the Vietnam War. From September 1964 to March 1973, South Korea sent more than 300,000 troops to South Vietnam. The South Korean Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force all participated as an ally of the United States. The number of troops from South Korea was much greater than those from Australia and New Zealand, and second only to the U.S. military force for foreign troops located in South Vietnam. The",
"psg_id": "17631897"
},
{
"title": "South Korea in the Vietnam War",
"text": "divisions stationed in South Korea to Vietnam, and the possible ramifications of this move on South Korea's security, especially against North Korea. It also saw how Japan made its economic recovery during the destructive Korean War, and saw the same opportunity in Vietnam. Some soldiers saw themselves as repaying the sacrifices Americans had made during the Korean War, but many also saw an opportunity to rise with combat pay and took on service in order to support their families as South Korea was still mired in poverty. The average salary for service in Vietnam was $37.50 per month, higher than",
"psg_id": "17631863"
},
{
"title": "1974 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "tanks launched an attack on Rach Bap, took possession of An Dien and pushed south towards Phu Cuong. The Battle of Thượng Đức began on 18 July when a regiment of the PAVN 324th Division overran the An Hoa Industrial Complex and then attacked the town of Thượng Ðức 40 km southwest of Danang. The costly battle would result in a Pyrrhic ARVN victory. U.S. President Richard Nixon resigns due to the Watergate Scandal. He is succeeded as president by Vice President Gerald Ford. From July 1965 to the end of 1974, fighting in Vietnam was attended by some 6,500",
"psg_id": "14427025"
},
{
"title": "1965 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "sides claimed victory. The U.S. inflicted heavy casualties on the North Vietnamese, but the battle vindicated the conviction by North Vietnam that its military could slowly grind down the U.S.'s commitment to the war. South Korea contributed an army division to South Vietnam, while Australia, New Zealand and other countries provided smaller numbers of soldiers. North Vietnam received military aid from the Soviet Union and China. At year's end, President Lyndon Johnson declared a temporary halt to the bombing of North Vietnam and undertook a diplomatic initiative to seek negotiations with North Vietnam. North Vietnam, on its part, aimed to",
"psg_id": "14427170"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "will be won from the air, and it seems to me that what is much more needed and would be more effective is a larger and stronger use of Rangers and Special Forces and Marines, or other appropriate military strength on the ground.\" Johnson said, \"I myself am ready to substantially increase the number of Americans fighting in Vietnam.\" Two hundred and sixteen American soldiers were killed in the Vietnam War in 1964. 23,310 U.S. military personnel were in South Vietnam at the end of the year. The South Vietnamese armed forces suffered 7,457 killed in action, about 30 percent",
"psg_id": "14428050"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "might resign the premiership or attempt to make a peace agreement with the Viet Cong. The \"Saigon Daily News\" said that, without an attack on the North, neutralism for South Vietnam would become a reality. Former Vice President Richard Nixon published an article in the \"Reader's Digest\" titled \"Needed in Vietnam: The Will to Win.\" Nixon accused the Johnson administration of compromise, weakness, and inconsistency. He said that the U.S. should use its military power \"to win this crucial war -- and win it decisively.\" In public statements Nixon said that the U.S. should \"take a tougher line toward Communism",
"psg_id": "14428020"
},
{
"title": "1973 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "by North Vietnam. Three C-141A transports flew to Hanoi, North Vietnam, and one C-9A aircraft was sent to Saigon, South Vietnam to pick up released prisoners of war. The first flight of 40 U.S. prisoners of war left Hanoi in a C-141A, later known as the \"Hanoi Taxi\" and now in a museum. From February 12 to April 4, there were 54 C-141 missions flying out of Hanoi, bringing the former POWs home. In Laos the government and the communist Pathet Lao signed a cease fire agreement. The agreement was violated frequently, but by the end of April most fighting",
"psg_id": "14425460"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "and Vietnam's central highlands. Former President John F. Kennedy's brother, Robert Kennedy, said in an oral interview for the Kennedy Library that President Kennedy had \"a strong, overwhelming reason for being in Vietnam and that we should win the war in Vietnam.\" Kennedy denied that any consideration had been given by the President to withdrawing from Vietnam. He equivocated on the introduction of U.S. ground troops into Vietnam, saying that \"we'd face that when we came to it.\" Viet Cong commandos eluded detection and placed an explosive on the USS Card, an escort aircraft carrier of World War II vintage.",
"psg_id": "14428008"
},
{
"title": "The Quicksand War: Prelude to Vietnam",
"text": "The Quicksand War: Prelude to Vietnam The Quicksand War: Prelude to Vietnam is a book by Lucien Bodard published in 1967 about the First Indochina War, which it asserts to be a prelude to the Vietnam War. Originally published in 2 French volumes, \"L'Enlisement\" and \"L'Humiliation\", it was combined into a single book and translated by Patrick O'Brian Lucien Bodard is one of the best-known French foreign correspondents and is an expert on Indochina; he knows the Far East as few Europeans can know it, for not only did he spend most of his working life there but he was",
"psg_id": "12724453"
},
{
"title": "1959 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "1959 in the Vietnam War 1959 saw Vietnam still divided into South (ruled by President Ngô Đình Diệm) and North (lead by communist Ho Chi Minh). North Vietnam authorized the Viet Cong to undertake limited military action as well as political action to subvert the Diệm government. North Vietnam also authorized the construction of what would become known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail to supply the Viet Cong in South Vietnam. Armed encounters between the Viet Cong and the government of South Vietnam became more frequent and with larger numbers involved. In September, 360 soldiers of the South Vietnamese",
"psg_id": "14430312"
},
{
"title": "South Korea in the Vietnam War",
"text": "in 1967 and totalling more than one billion dollars. The war contributed to a boost in the South Korean economy. Similar to reports of US atrocities during the war, atrocities first reported in the 1990s by Ku Su-Jeong had shocked Korean society. Further testimonies and extensive accounts in the South Korean media emerged from South Korean Vietnam War veterans, and have caused considerable debate and re-assessment within South Korea about its role in the conflict. Allegations of wartime rape has recently been raised in recent years, with testimonies from offspring fathered by South Koreans in the Vietnam War known as",
"psg_id": "17631891"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Vietnamese civilians. So unsettled was the situation in South Vietnam that the U.S. could not immediately determine whether the attack was by the Viet Cong or by disenchanted South Vietnamese officials. The Guardian echoed a large number of media outlets worldwide, saying, \"Perhaps the least damaging decision for America... would be a withdrawal (from South Vietnam) based on a clear and detailed statement explaining the impossibility of assisting a sovereign country to defend itself when it refuses to concentrate its own efforts or its own defense, or to abandon its internal factional struggles.\" In the Battle of Binh Gia, a",
"psg_id": "14428048"
},
{
"title": "The Quicksand War: Prelude to Vietnam",
"text": "born in Chongqing. The Quicksand War: Prelude to Vietnam The Quicksand War: Prelude to Vietnam is a book by Lucien Bodard published in 1967 about the First Indochina War, which it asserts to be a prelude to the Vietnam War. Originally published in 2 French volumes, \"L'Enlisement\" and \"L'Humiliation\", it was combined into a single book and translated by Patrick O'Brian Lucien Bodard is one of the best-known French foreign correspondents and is an expert on Indochina; he knows the Far East as few Europeans can know it, for not only did he spend most of his working life there",
"psg_id": "12724454"
},
{
"title": "Operation Buffalo (1967)",
"text": "Operation Buffalo (1967) Operation Buffalo (2–14 July 1967) was an operation of the Vietnam War that took place in the southern half of the Demilitarized Zone, around Con Thien. On the morning of 2 July, Alpha and Bravo Companies, 1st Battalion, 9th Marines made their way up north on Highway 561 and secured a crossroad as their first objective. As they went further north between Gia Binh and An Kha, near a place called \"The Market Place\" (), they made contact with the elements of the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) 90th Regiment when sniper fire began to break out,",
"psg_id": "9668851"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "increased significantly in the years leading up to the U.S. departure in 1973, enabling the North Vietnamese to mount full-scale conventional offensives against the South, complete with tanks, heavy artillery, and the most modern surface-to-air missiles. The credibility of the U.S. government again suffered in 1971 when \"The New York Times\", \"The Washington Post\" and other newspapers serially published \"The Pentagon Papers\" (actually \"U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945–1967\"). This top-secret historical study of the American commitment in Vietnam, from the Franklin Roosevelt administration until 1967, had been contracted to the RAND Corporation by Secretary of Defense McNamara. The documents were leaked to",
"psg_id": "9332462"
},
{
"title": "China in the Vietnam War",
"text": "Indochina War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Indochina_War Third Indochina War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Indochina_War History of Vietnam: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnam Tet Offensive: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tet_Offensive Sino-Soviet split：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_split People's Liberation Army: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army Role of the United States in the Vietnam War: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Role_of_the_United_States_in_the_Vietnam_War China in the Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a major event that shaped the course of the world in the second half of the 20th century. Although it was a regional conflict occurred in Indochinese Peninsula, it also affected the strategic interests of the People's Republic of China, the United States and the Soviet Union as well as the relations between these great",
"psg_id": "20886015"
},
{
"title": "1970 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "the Vietnam War by United States Special Operations Forces and other elements of the U.S. Military. 1970 in the Vietnam War Operation Texas Star was a military operation of the Vietnam War in the A Shau Valley and the mountains east of the valley. It aimed at regaining the initiative in the area. The operation culminated in the Battle of Fire Support Base Ripcord. The Cambodian Campaign (also known as the Cambodian Incursion) was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia by the United States (U.S.) and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War. A",
"psg_id": "14418331"
},
{
"title": "1964 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "military advisers wrestled with the problem of a failing government in South Vietnam and military gains by the communists. In August, an attack on American navy vessels caused Johnson to seek and gain U.S. congressional approval of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution, which authorized him to use military force if necessary to defend South Vietnam. Throughout the year, there were calls from many quarters — American, foreign, and South Vietnamese — for the United States to negotiate an agreement for the neutralization of South Vietnam, which they refused to considered. Many of President Johnson's advisers advocated an air war against North",
"psg_id": "14427996"
},
{
"title": "Role of the United States in the Vietnam War",
"text": "the most difficult terrain on the planet and weather conditions that were alternately hot and dry, or cold and wet. It was the PAVN/NLF that actually controlled the pace of the war, fighting only when their commanders believed that they had the upper hand and then disappearing when the Americans and/or ARVN brought their superiority in numbers and firepower to bear. North Vietnam, utilizing the Ho Chi Minh and Sihanouk Trails, matched the U.S. at every point of the escalation, funneling manpower and supplies to the southern battlefields. During the Vietnam War, the use of the helicopter, known as \"Air",
"psg_id": "9332439"
},
{
"title": "1967 in the Vietnam War",
"text": "area located in close proximity to Saigon which had become a major stronghold of the Viet Cong. The operation began on January 8, 1967, and ended on January 28, 1967. The Battle of Tra Binh Dong was probably the most famous battle fought by the South Korean Marines. It was fought in the Tra Binh Dong village near the border of Cambodia. Operation Bribie, or the Battle of Ap My An, was fought in Phước Tuy Province between Australian forces from the 6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment (6RAR) and the Viet Cong, reinforced by North Vietnamese Army (PAVN) regulars. Operation",
"psg_id": "14380090"
}
] | [
"operation junction city",
"operation junction city"
] |
what was michael keaton's first movie? | [
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "Michael Keaton Michael John Douglas (born September 5, 1951), known professionally as Michael Keaton, is an American actor, producer, and director. He first rose to fame for his roles on the CBS sitcoms \"All's Fair\" and \"The Mary Tyler Moore Hour\" and his comedic film roles in \"Night Shift\" (1982), \"Mr. Mom\" (1983), \"Johnny Dangerously\" (1984), and \"Beetlejuice\" (1988). He earned further acclaim for his dramatic portrayal of the title character in Tim Burton's \"Batman\" (1989) and \"Batman Returns\" (1992). He is also known for playing The Vulture in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, beginning with \"\" (2017) and in the",
"psg_id": "1785414"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "steadfastly refused and was replaced by Val Kilmer in \"Batman Forever\" (1995). Keaton remained active during the 1990s, appearing in a wide range of films, including \"Pacific Heights\", \"One Good Cop\", \"My Life\" and the star-studded Shakespearean story \"Much Ado About Nothing\". He starred in \"The Paper\" and \"Multiplicity\", and twice in the same role, that of Elmore Leonard character Agent Ray Nicolette, in the films \"Jackie Brown\" and \"Out of Sight\". He made the family holiday movie \"Jack Frost\" and the thriller \"Desperate Measures\". Keaton starred as a political candidate's speechwriter in 1994's \"Speechless\". In the early 2000s, Keaton",
"psg_id": "1785406"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "Eva Green. In 2018, it was reported that Keaton would reprise his role as Adrian Toomes/The Vulture in \"\". Keaton was married to Caroline McWilliams from 1982 to 1990, a marriage which produced one son, Sean in 1983. He had a relationship with actress Courteney Cox from 1989-95. Keaton, a longtime Pittsburgh resident and fan of its sports teams, negotiated a break in his \"Batman\" movie contract in case the Pirates made the playoffs that year, although they ultimately did not. He also wrote an ESPN blog on the Pirates during the final months of their 2013 season. In the",
"psg_id": "1785412"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "Keaton starred in the 2007 TV miniseries \"The Company\", set during the Cold War, in which he portrayed the real-life CIA counterintelligence chief James Jesus Angleton. The role garnered Keaton a 2008 Screen Actors Guild nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries. Keaton provided the voice of Ken in \"Toy Story 3\" (2010). The film received overwhelmingly positive acclaim and grossed over $1 billion worldwide, making it one of the most financially successful films ever. He announced in June 2010 his interest in returning for a \"Beetlejuice\" sequel. He played Captain Gene Mauch",
"psg_id": "1785409"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "of Rick in the Pittsburgh premiere of David Rabe's \"Sticks and Bones\" with the Pittsburgh Poor Players. He also performed stand-up comedy during his early years in order to supplement his income. Keaton left Pittsburgh and moved to Los Angeles to begin auditioning for various TV parts. He popped up in various popular TV shows including \"Maude\" and \"The Mary Tyler Moore Hour\". He decided to use a stage name to satisfy SAG rules, as there was already an actor (Michael Douglas) and daytime host (Mike Douglas) with the same or similar names. The claim that Keaton selected his new",
"psg_id": "1785401"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "approval. Keaton later reprised the role for the sequel \"Batman Returns\" (1992), which was another critically acclaimed success. He was initially set to reprise the role again for a third Batman film, even going as far as to show up for costume fitting. However, when Burton was dropped as director of the film, Keaton left the franchise as well. He was reportedly dissatisfied with the screenplay approved by the new director, Joel Schumacher. According to the A&E \"Biography\" episode on Keaton, after he had refused the first time (after meetings with Schumacher), Warner Bros. offered him $15 million, but Keaton",
"psg_id": "1785405"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "1988 horror-comedy \"Beetlejuice\", earning Keaton widespread acclaim and boosting him to Hollywood's A list. He originally turned down the role, then reconsidered like most of the cast. He now considers \"Beetlejuice\" his favorite of his own films. That same year, he also gave an acclaimed dramatic performance as a drug-addicted realtor in \"Clean and Sober\". Keaton's career was given another major boost when he was again cast by Tim Burton, this time as the title comic book superhero of 1989's \"Batman\". Warner Bros. received thousands of letters of complaint by fans who believed Keaton was the wrong choice to portray",
"psg_id": "1785403"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "again centered on her character's unimportance in the film. \"The Washington Post\" wrote: \"Even though she is authoritative in the role, Keaton suffers tremendously from having no real function except to nag Michael for his past sins.\" In 1993, Keaton starred in \"Manhattan Murder Mystery\", her first major film role in a Woody Allen film since 1979, having made a cameo in 1987's \"Radio Days\". Her part was originally intended for Mia Farrow, but Farrow dropped out of the project after her split with Allen. Todd McCarthy of \"Variety\" commended her performance, writing that she \"nicely handles her sometimes buffoonish",
"psg_id": "1639091"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "actors would phonetically memorize the foreign-language scripts a few lines at a time and shoot immediately after. This is discussed in the TCM documentary \"Buster Keaton: So Funny it Hurt\", with Keaton complaining about having to shoot lousy films not just once, but three times. Keaton was so demoralized during the production of 1933's \"What! No Beer?\" that MGM fired him after the filming was complete, despite the film being a resounding hit. In 1934, Keaton accepted an offer to make an independent film in Paris, \"Le Roi des Champs-Élysées\". During this period, he made another film, in England, \"The",
"psg_id": "532696"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "which Keaton once again received comparison to Katharine Hepburn: \"No longer relying on that stuttering uncertainty that seeped into all her characterizations of the 1970s, she has somehow become Katharine Hepburn with a deep maternal instinct, that is, she is a fine and intelligent actress who doesn't need to be tough and edgy in order to prove her feminism.\" Keaton reprised her role of Kay Adams in 1990's \"The Godfather Part III\". Set 20 years after the end of \"The Godfather, Part II\", Keaton's part had evolved into the estranged ex-wife of Michael Corleone. Criticism of the film and Keaton",
"psg_id": "1639090"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "from a Protestant family. He attended Montour High School in Robinson Township, Pennsylvania, and studied speech for two years at Kent State University, where he appeared in plays, before dropping out and returning to Pennsylvania. Keaton first appeared on TV in the Pittsburgh public television programs \"Where the Heart Is\" and \"Mister Rogers' Neighborhood\" (1975). For \" Mister Rogers\" he played one of the \"Flying Zookeeni Brothers\" and served as a full-time production assistant. (In 2004, after Fred Rogers' death, Keaton hosted a PBS memorial tribute, \"\".) Keaton also worked as an actor in Pittsburgh theatre; he played the role",
"psg_id": "1785400"
},
{
"title": "Camille Keaton",
"text": "in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. She attended middle school in Eudora, Arkansas until 1960 when her family moved to Atlanta, Georgia. In 1969, she was involved in a major car accident that left her with facial scarring. Keaton once worked as a hostess for Amtrak. Keaton relocated to Italy in 1971, where she had signed with a talent agent, and appeared in several commercials. Her debut role was in 1972 playing the role of Solange, a missing woman, in Massimo Dallamano's movie of the giallo genre entitled \"What Have You Done to Solange?\" Though a small role, her delicate and fragile",
"psg_id": "6051349"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "Letters in France. He is also a visiting scholar at Carnegie Mellon University. Michael John Douglas, the youngest of seven children, was born at Ohio Valley Hospital in Kennedy Township, Pennsylvania, on September 5, 1951. He was raised between Coraopolis and Forest Grove, Pennsylvania. His father, George A. Douglas, worked as a civil engineer and surveyor, and his mother, Leona Elizabeth (\"née\" Loftus), a homemaker, came from McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania. Keaton was raised in a Roman Catholic family, and is of half Irish descent through his mother. His father was of English, German, Scottish and Scotch-Irish descent and was originally",
"psg_id": "1785399"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "Batman. However, Keaton's performance in the role ultimately earned widespread acclaim from both critics and audiences, and \"Batman\" became one of the most successful films of that year. According to Les Daniels's reference book \"Batman: The Complete History\", Keaton was not surprised when he was first considered as Batman as he initially believed the film would be similar to the 1960s television series starring Adam West. It was only after he was introduced to Frank Miller's comic book miniseries, \"The Dark Knight Returns\", that Keaton really understood the dark and brooding side of Batman that he portrayed to much fan",
"psg_id": "1785404"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "central comedic role\" while David Ansen of \"Newsweek\" wrote, \"On screen, Keaton and Allen have always been made for each other: they still strike wonderfully ditsy sparks\". For her performance, Keaton was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. In 1995, Keaton directed \"Unstrung Heroes\", her first theatrically released narrative film. The movie, adapted from Franz Lidz's memoir, starred Nathan Watt as a boy in 1960s whose mother (Andie MacDowell) becomes ill with cancer. As her sickness advances and his inventor father (John Turturro) grows increasingly distant, the boy is sent to",
"psg_id": "1639092"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "1980s, Keaton bought a ranch near Big Timber, Montana, where he spends much of his time. An avid fisherman, he is often seen on the saltwater fishing series \"Buccaneers & Bones\" on Outdoor Channel, along with Tom Brokaw, Zach Gilford, Thomas McGuane and Yvon Chouinard, among others. Keaton endorsed Senator Bernie Sanders for President in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Keaton was honored with the 2,585th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his contribution to Motion Picture presented to him by Leron Gubler, the President and CEO of the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce, located at 6931 Hollywood, Blvd..",
"psg_id": "1785413"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "film debut in \"Lovers and Other Strangers\" (1970). She followed with guest roles on the television series \"Love, American Style\" and \"Night Gallery\", and \"Mannix\". Between films, Keaton appeared in a series of deodorant commercials. Keaton's breakthrough role came two years later when she was cast as Kay Adams, the girlfriend and eventual wife of Michael Corleone (played by Al Pacino) in Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film \"The Godfather\". Coppola noted that he first noticed Keaton in \"Lovers and Other Strangers\", and cast her because of her reputation for eccentricity that he wanted her to bring to the role (Keaton",
"psg_id": "1639066"
},
{
"title": "Alex P. Keaton",
"text": "Alex P. Keaton Alex P. Keaton is a fictional character on the United States television sitcom \"Family Ties,\" which aired on NBC for seven seasons, from 1982 to 1989. \"Family Ties\" reflected the move in the United States away from the cultural liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s. This was particularly expressed through the relationship between Young Republican Alex (Michael J. Fox) and his hippie parents, Steven (Michael Gross) and Elyse Keaton (Meredith Baxter). President of the United States Ronald Reagan once stated that \"Family Ties\" was his favorite television show. Alex (Michael J.",
"psg_id": "5905251"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "Actor in a Musical or Comedy for his portrayal of Thomson and received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor. In 2015, Keaton appeared as Walter V. Robinson in the film \"Spotlight\", and in 2016, he starred as businessman Ray Kroc in the biopic \"The Founder\". On July 28, 2016, Keaton received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, located at 6931 Hollywood Boulevard. In 2017, Keaton played the supervillain The Vulture in \"\" and Stan Hurley in \"American Assassin\". He is also set to portray the villain in Disney's live-action adaptation of \"Dumbo\", co-starring with Colin Farrell and",
"psg_id": "1785411"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "6\", about the 1986 World Series bid by the Boston Red Sox. He had a cameo in the Tenacious D short film \"Time Fixers\", an iTunes exclusive. The 9-minute film was released to coincide with \"Tenacious D in The Pick of Destiny\". Keaton reportedly was cast as Jack Shephard in the series \"Lost\", with the understanding that the role of Jack would be a brief one. Once the role was retooled to be a long-running series regular, Keaton withdrew. The part was then given to actor Matthew Fox. The show ran for six seasons, with the Shephard role continuing throughout.",
"psg_id": "1785408"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "devastate their four children. \"Shoot the Moon\" received mostly positive reviews from critics and Keaton's performance was again praised. Pauline Kael from \"The New Yorker\" opined that the film was \"perhaps the most revealing American movie of the era\" and wrote of Keaton: \"Diane Keaton may be a star without vanity: she's so completely challenged by the role of Faith that all she cares about is getting the character right. Very few young American movie actresses have the strength and the instinct for the toughest dramatic roles -- intelligent, sophisticated heroines. Jane Fonda did, around the time that she appeared",
"psg_id": "1639081"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "on two levels: One for being such a great teacher for me as a filmmaker myself, and the other just as a human being watching this gifted person doing these amazing things. He made me believe in make-believe.\" He also admitted to borrowing the idea of the changing room scene in \"The Cameraman\" for his own film \"Silent Movie\". Actor and stunt performer Johnny Knoxville cites Keaton as an inspiration when coming up with ideas for \"Jackass\" projects. He re-enacted a famous Keaton stunt for the finale of \"Jackass Number 2\". Comedian Richard Lewis stated that Keaton was his prime",
"psg_id": "532727"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "during this period. MGM tried teaming the laconic Keaton with the rambunctious Jimmy Durante in a series of films, \"The Passionate Plumber\", \"Speak Easily\", and \"What! No Beer?\" The latter would be Keaton's last starring feature in his home country. The films proved popular. (Thirty years later, both Keaton and Durante had cameo roles in \"It's a Mad Mad Mad Mad World\", albeit not in the same scenes.) In the first Keaton pictures with sound, he and his fellow actors would shoot each scene three times: one in English, one in Spanish, and one in either French or German. The",
"psg_id": "532695"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "live with his two eccentric uncles (Maury Chaykin and Michael Richards). In a geographic switch, Keaton shifted the story's setting from the New York of Lidz's book to the Southern California of her own childhood. And the four mad uncles were reduced to a whimsical odd couple. In an essay for \"The New York Times\", Lidz said that the cinematic Selma had died not of cancer, but of 'Old Movie Disease'. \"Someday somebody may find a cure for cancer, but the terminal sappiness of cancer movies is probably beyond remedy.\" Though it played in a relatively limited release and made",
"psg_id": "1639093"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "tribute to the comedian and friend of Keaton who had died earlier that year. Keaton starred in four films for American International Pictures: 1964's \"Pajama Party\" and 1965's \"Beach Blanket Bingo\", \"How to Stuff a Wild Bikini\", and \"Sergeant Deadhead\". Director William Asher recalled: In 1965, Keaton starred in the short film \"The Railrodder\" for the National Film Board of Canada. He travelled from one end of Canada to the other on a motorized handcar, wearing his traditional pork pie hat and performing gags similar to those in films that he made 50 years before. The film is also notable",
"psg_id": "532710"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton Rides Again",
"text": "Buster Keaton Rides Again Buster Keaton Rides Again is a 55-minute 1965 documentary film directed by John Spotton and narrated by Michael Kane. The film is a behind-the-scenes documentary shot while Buster Keaton's film \"The Railrodder\" (1965), was being produced. Although it is a production documentary, the film is actually longer than \"The Railrodder\", which was only 24 minutes long. Both films were produced by the National Film Board of Canada (NFB). In addition, a French version of \"Buster Keaton Rides Again\", \"Avec Buster Keaton\" was released. \"Buster Keaton Rides Again\" combines behind-the-scenes footage during the filming of \"The Railrodder\"",
"psg_id": "10722149"
},
{
"title": "Camille Keaton",
"text": "Camille Keaton Camille Keaton (born July 20, 1947) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Hills in the controversial 1978 film \"I Spit on Your Grave\". She began her career in Italy, making her film debut as Solange Beauregard in the giallo film \"What Have You Done to Solange?\" (1972), and starred in several other Italian horror films through the early 1970s. In 2015, Keaton reprised her role as Jennifer Hills for the upcoming film, \"I Spit on Your Grave: Deja Vu\", which is set for release in 2018. Keaton was born",
"psg_id": "6051348"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "beautiful, selfish, funny and driven. It's the best work she has done to date.\" In addition, Roger Ebert felt Keaton was \"a particular surprise. I had somehow gotten into the habit of expecting her to be a touchy New Yorker, sweet, scared, and intellectual. Here, she is just what she needs to be: plucky, healthy, exasperated, loyal, and funny.\" Keaton received her second Academy Award nomination for her performance. The following year, Keaton starred in the domestic drama \"Shoot the Moon\" opposite Albert Finney. The film follows George (Finney) and Faith Dunlap (Keaton), whose deteriorating marriage, separation and love affairs",
"psg_id": "1639080"
},
{
"title": "Joe Keaton",
"text": "Keaton had befriended on their shared journey west) was murdered and partially buried by a claim jumper; the body was subsequently discovered, and \"justice was meted out\" to the murderer by Keaton and a group of three or four men that included Robert Galbreath, Jr. On May 31, 1894, Joe Keaton eloped with Myra Edith Cutler, who became known as Myra Keaton. Myra performed with Joe in a vaudeville act called the Two Keatons. Joe and Myra's first child was Joseph Frank Keaton, who became known as the silent film actor Buster Keaton; their other children were Harry Keaton and",
"psg_id": "10710368"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "in the 1970s. Her first record was an original cast recording of \"Hair\", in 1971. In 1977, she began recording tracks for a solo album, but the finished record never materialized. Keaton met with more success in the medium of still photography. Like her character in \"Annie Hall\", Keaton had long relished photography as a favorite hobby, an interest she picked up as a teenager from her mother. While traveling in the late 1970s, she began exploring her avocation more seriously. \"Rolling Stone had asked me to take photographs for them, and I thought, 'Wait a minute, what I'm really",
"psg_id": "1639076"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "Texas, Karla Faye Tucker. Keaton's first major hit since 1996 came in 2003's \"Something's Gotta Give\", directed by Nancy Meyers and co-starring Jack Nicholson. Nicholson and Keaton, aged 63 and 56 respectively, were seen as bold casting choices for leads in a romantic comedy. Twentieth Century Fox, the film's original studio, reportedly declined to produce the film, fearing that the lead characters were too old to be bankable. Keaton commented about the situation in \"Ladies' Home Journal\": \"Let's face it, people my age and Jack's age are much deeper, much more soulful, because they've seen a lot of life. They",
"psg_id": "1639100"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "greatest of the silent clowns is Buster Keaton, not only because of what he did, but because of how he did it. Harold Lloyd made us laugh as much, Charlie Chaplin moved us more deeply, but no one had more courage than Buster.\" In his presentation for The General filmmaker Orson Welles hailed Buster Keaton as,\"the greatest of all the clowns in the history of the cinema... a supreme artist, and I think one of the most beautiful people who was ever photographed\". Filmmaker Mel Brooks has credited Buster Keaton as a major influence, saying: \"I owe (Buster) a lot",
"psg_id": "532726"
},
{
"title": "Ben Keaton",
"text": "Ben Keaton Ben Keaton (born 1956) is an Irish actor who appeared as Jeff Brannigan in ITV soap opera \"Emmerdale\". He appeared in BBC's \"Casualty\" playing the part of Spencer between 1999-2002. He guest starred as Father Austin Purcell in \"Think Fast, Father Ted\", an episode of the Channel 4's sitcom \"Father Ted\". He had a small part in the British film \"East is East\" as a priest. Keaton is also a well established actor in the theatre, and has appeared at The Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester in \"Animal Crackers\", \"American Buffalo\", \"Harvey\", \"Cyrano de Bergerac\", and playing the",
"psg_id": "10124227"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "blending humor and heartbreak, honors the film with a grace that makes it stick in the memory.\" In 2007, Keaton starred in both \"Because I Said So\" and \"Mama's Boy\". In the romantic comedy \"Because I Said So\", directed by Michael Lehmann, Keaton played a long-divorced mother of three daughters, determined to pair off her only single daughter, Milly, played by Mandy Moore. Also starring Stephen Collins and Gabriel Macht, the project opened to overwhelmingly negative reviews by critics, with Wesley Morris of \"The Boston Globe\" calling it \"a sloppily made bowl of reheated chick-flick cliches\", and was ranked among",
"psg_id": "1639103"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "photographer, real estate developer, author, and singer. Diane Keaton was born as Diane Hall on January 5, 1946, in Los Angeles, California. Her mother, Dorothy Deanne (\"née\" Keaton; 1921–2008), was a homemaker and amateur photographer; her father, John Newton Ignatius \"Jack\" Hall (1922–1990), was a real estate broker and civil engineer. Keaton was raised a Free Methodist by her mother. Her mother won the \"Mrs. Los Angeles\" pageant for homemakers; Keaton has said that the theatricality of the event inspired her first impulse to be an actress, and led to her wanting to work on stage. She has also credited",
"psg_id": "1639061"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "pride and panic the character feels. She's an ultra-feminine executive, a wide-eyed charmer, with a breathless ditziness that may remind you of Jean Arthur in \"The More The Merrier\".\" That same year she made a cameo in Allen's film \"Radio Days\" as a nightclub singer. 1988's \"The Good Mother\" was a misstep for Keaton. The film was a financial disappointment (according to Keaton, the film was \"a Big Failure. Like, BIG failure\"), and some critics panned her performance, such as one review from \"The Washington Post\": \"her acting degenerates into hype– as if she's trying to sell an idea she",
"psg_id": "1639086"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "would never be produced. Filming finally began two years later. In a 2006 \"Vanity Fair\" story, Keaton described her role as \"the everyman of that piece, as someone who wanted to be extraordinary but was probably more ordinary ... I knew what it felt like to be extremely insecure.\" Assistant director Simon Relph later stated that Louise Bryant was one of Keaton's most difficult roles, and that \"<nowiki>[she]</nowiki> almost got broken.\" Upon its release, \"Reds\" opened to critical acclaim and Keaton's performance was particularly praised. \"The New York Times\" wrote that Keaton was, \"nothing less than splendid as Louise Bryant–",
"psg_id": "1639079"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "about playing Kay again in the \"Godfather\" sequel. But when I read the script, the character seemed much more substantial than in the first movie.\" In \"Part II\", her character changed dramatically, becoming more embittered about her husband's activities. Even though Keaton received widespread exposure from the films, her character's importance was minimal. \"Time\" wrote that she was \"invisible in \"The Godfather\" and pallid in \"The Godfather, Part II\".\" Keaton's other notable films of the 1970s included many collaborations with Woody Allen; although by the time they made films together, their romantic involvement had ended. She played many eccentric characters",
"psg_id": "1639068"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "of Ignorance)\" (2014) earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Musical or Comedy, the Critics' Choice Award for Best Actor and Best Actor in a Comedy, and nominations for the Screen Actors Guild Award, British Academy Film Award, and Academy Award for Best Actor. He previously received a Golden Globe Award nomination for his performance in \"Live from Baghdad\" (2002) and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for \"The Company\" (2007). Keaton was awarded a Career Achievement Award from the Hollywood Film Festival. On January 18, 2016, he was named Officer of Order of Arts and",
"psg_id": "1785398"
},
{
"title": "Valerie Jodoin Keaton",
"text": "Valerie Jodoin Keaton Valerie Jodoin Keaton is a Canadian photographer and musician. In 2001, Valerie Jodoin Keaton earned a degree in commercial photography at Dawson's Institute of Photography. In 2009, Jodoin Keaton published a book, \"Backstage\", which depicts rock musicians moments before and after their performances. Her collection contains photos of numerous rock stars, among whom are The Flaming Lips, Beastie Boys, The Smashing Pumpkins, Beck, Rufus Wainwright, Paul McCartney and Jack White. Jodoin Keaton was selected for Who Shot Rock & Roll: A Photographic History From 1955 to the Present, the first major museum exhibition of rock music photography.",
"psg_id": "14812255"
},
{
"title": "Camille Keaton",
"text": "married Meir Zarchi, the director of \"I Spit on Your Grave\"; they divorced in 1982. She was married to film producer Sidney Luft from March 20, 1993 until Luft's death on September 15, 2005. She does not have any children. Camille Keaton Camille Keaton (born July 20, 1947) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Jennifer Hills in the controversial 1978 film \"I Spit on Your Grave\". She began her career in Italy, making her film debut as Solange Beauregard in the giallo film \"What Have You Done to Solange?\" (1972), and starred",
"psg_id": "6051352"
},
{
"title": "Teddy Keaton",
"text": "Teddy Keaton as First Assistant to the Head Coach\\Director of Football Operations, a job he would maintain for two years while completing his degree. In 2001, Keaton was promoted to Special Teams Coordinator/Recruiting Coordinator/Running Backs Coach. Under Keaton’s coaching, Stillman landed its first ever 1000-yard rusher and specials team recorded two consecutive NCAA Division II top 20 finishes 3rd in blocked punts and 12th in kick returns averaging 23,5 yards a return. ODESSA ROUGHNECKS Following successful seasons at Stillman, Keaton switched sides of the football and was hired as Director of Player Personnel/Defensive Line Coach for the Roughnecks of the",
"psg_id": "15953071"
},
{
"title": "Teddy Keaton",
"text": "NIFL. Keaton had immediate impact with the defense line averaging 3 sacks per game. Coming off success at the Defensive line position, Chris Williams then promoted Keaton to Defensive Coordinator/Director of College Scouting. With the promotion in 2005, the Roughnecks recorded its best season by posting undefeated regular season 14-0 and 2-1 playoff record. The defensive team was at the top of all defensive categories in the NIFL. LAKELAND THOUNDERBOLTS In 2005, Keaton acquired his first Head Coaching position with the Thunderbolts of the AIFA League. In his first season, the Thunderbolts finished 13-2 and 2nd in total overall defense",
"psg_id": "15953072"
},
{
"title": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor in a Comedy",
"text": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor in a Comedy The Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor in a Comedy is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association (BFCA) at their annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards. 2012: Bradley Cooper – \"Silver Linings Playbook\" as Patrizio \"Pat\" Solitano, Jr. ‡ 2013: Leonardo DiCaprio – \"The Wolf of Wall Street\" as Jordan Belfort ‡ 2014: Michael Keaton – \"Birdman\" as Riggan Thomson ‡ 2015: Christian Bale – \"The Big Short\" as Michael Burry ‡ 2016: Ryan Reynolds – \"Deadpool\"",
"psg_id": "17774018"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "a sound film and after the studio converted, he was obliged to adhere to dialogue-laden scripts. However, MGM did allow Keaton some creative participation on his last originally developed/written silent film \"The Cameraman\", 1928, which was his first project under contract with them, but hired Edward Sedgwick as the official director. Keaton was forced to use a stunt double during some of the more dangerous scenes, something he had never done in his heyday, as MGM wanted badly to protect its investment. \"Stuntmen don't get laughs,\" Keaton had said. Some of his most financially successful films for the studio were",
"psg_id": "532694"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "With this rough understanding of the mechanics of the moving pictures, he returned the next day, camera in hand, asking for work. He was hired as a co-star and gag man, making his first appearance in \"The Butcher Boy\". Keaton later claimed that he was soon Arbuckle's second director and his entire gag department. He appeared in a total of 14 Arbuckle shorts, running into 1920. They were popular, and contrary to Keaton's later reputation as \"The Great Stone Face\", he often smiled and even laughed in them. Keaton and Arbuckle became close friends, and Keaton was one of few",
"psg_id": "532687"
},
{
"title": "Alex P. Keaton",
"text": "Keaton's mother on \"Family Ties\", also played Michael Flaherty's mother on \"Spin City\". Florida ska/punk band Victims of Circumstance's debut album \"Roll the Dice\" featured a track titled \"Me and Alex P. Keaton\". The lyrics parody a typical day spent with a modern, socially conservative Republican. LFO's 1999 single \"Summer Girls\" name-checks \"Alex P. Keaton\" alongside many other cultural references. In the \"Family Guy\" episode \"Movin' Out (Brian's Song)\", after Brian gets dumped by Jillian when he admits he did not want to move in with her, Stewie tries to help him get over her by comparing the situation to",
"psg_id": "5905260"
},
{
"title": "Myra Keaton",
"text": "performing together in various medicine shows and vaudeville. Their son, silent film actor Buster Keaton (Joseph Frank Keaton), was born October 4, 1895. Their other children included Harry Keaton and Louise Keaton. At the age of four, Buster officially joined the family's vaudeville act, which was billed as \"The Three Keatons\". Myra and Buster left the act in 1917, as a result of problems arising from Joe Keaton's drinking. All members of the Keaton family occasionally appeared in Buster's silent and sound comedies. Although estranged in later years, Myra remained married to Joe until Joe's death in 1946. Myra Keaton",
"psg_id": "10710668"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton Rides Again",
"text": "available for free streaming on the National Film Board's website as well as on DVD. In addition, it is also on the NFB's YouTube channel. In Canada, the NFB itself markets the DVD, while Kino Video distributes the film in the United States. Buster Keaton Rides Again Buster Keaton Rides Again is a 55-minute 1965 documentary film directed by John Spotton and narrated by Michael Kane. The film is a behind-the-scenes documentary shot while Buster Keaton's film \"The Railrodder\" (1965), was being produced. Although it is a production documentary, the film is actually longer than \"The Railrodder\", which was only",
"psg_id": "10722153"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "received the Film Society of Lincoln Center's Gala Tribute in 2007. Keaton wrote her first memoir, entitled \"Then Again\", for Random House in November 2011. Much of the autobiography relies on her mother Dorothy's private journals, in which she writes at one point: \"Diane...is a mystery...At times, she's so basic, at others so wise it frightens me.\" In 2012, Keaton's audiobook recording of Joan Didion's \"Slouching Towards Bethlehem\" was released at Audible.com. Her performance was nominated for a 2013 Audie Award in the Short Stories/Collections category. Diane Keaton Diane Keaton (née Hall; born January 5, 1946) is an American film",
"psg_id": "1639124"
},
{
"title": "Teddy Keaton",
"text": "as Progressive Baptist Church. !Totals || 27 || 5 || 0 Teddy Keaton Teddrick (Teddy) Manford Keaton (born December 14, 1976) is an American football coach. Keaton currently serves as the head football coach of Allen University. Keaton was born in Brewton, Alabama. Keaton previously served as the running backs coach of the Miles College Golden Bears. Keaton graduated from Stillman College in 1999 and served as an assistant coach under Theophilus Danzy through the 2004 season. From Stillman, he served as the defensive coordinator with the Odessa Roughnecks and as head coach of both the Lakeland Thunderbolts and Huntington",
"psg_id": "15953076"
},
{
"title": "Teddy Keaton",
"text": "Teddy Keaton Teddrick (Teddy) Manford Keaton (born December 14, 1976) is an American football coach. Keaton currently serves as the head football coach of Allen University. Keaton was born in Brewton, Alabama. Keaton previously served as the running backs coach of the Miles College Golden Bears. Keaton graduated from Stillman College in 1999 and served as an assistant coach under Theophilus Danzy through the 2004 season. From Stillman, he served as the defensive coordinator with the Odessa Roughnecks and as head coach of both the Lakeland Thunderbolts and Huntington Heroes arena football teams before returning to college coaching. He served",
"psg_id": "15953069"
},
{
"title": "Michael Keaton",
"text": "in the comedy \"The Other Guys\". In 2014 he played the OmniCorp CEO Raymond Sellars in the \"RoboCop\" remake as a more active antagonist, taking Robocop's wife and child hostage making Joel Kinnaman's character struggle to overcome the 4th directive. Keaton starred alongside Zach Galifianakis, Edward Norton, Emma Stone, and Naomi Watts in \"Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)\" (2014), playing Riggan Thomson, a screen actor, famous for playing the iconic titular superhero, who puts on a Broadway play based on a Raymond Carver short story to regain his former glory. He won the Golden Globe Award for Best",
"psg_id": "1785410"
},
{
"title": "Josh Keaton",
"text": "Josh Keaton Joshua Luis Wiener (born February 8, 1979), known by his stage name Josh Keaton, is an American actor, voice actor and singer. He is known for his roles as Takashi (Shiro) Shirogane in \"\", Spider-Man in \"The Spectacular Spider-Man\", Norman Osborn in \"Marvel's Spider-Man\", Jack Darby in \"\" and the adolescent Hercules in the film \"Hercules\". Keaton was born in Hacienda Heights, California, to a father from Brooklyn, New York and a mother from Lima, Peru. He has three sisters: Danielle, Alitzah (Ali Navarro), and Sabrina. He is fluent in Spanish which he learned first as a child,",
"psg_id": "5070174"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "eccentric, a reluctant wallflower stymied by, of all things, her shriveled ovary.\" In 1987, she starred in \"Baby Boom\", her first of four collaborations with writer-producer Nancy Meyers. In \"Baby Boom\", Keaton starred as a Manhattan career woman who is suddenly forced to care for a toddler. A modest box-office success, Keaton's performance was singled out by Pauline Kael, who described it as \"a glorious comedy performance that rides over many of the inanities in this picture. Keaton is smashing: the Tiger Lady's having all this drive is played for farce and Keaton keeps you alert to every shade of",
"psg_id": "1639085"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "ever made. Keaton was recognized as the seventh-greatest film director by \"Entertainment Weekly\", and the American Film Institute ranked him in 1999 as the 21st greatest male star of classic Hollywood cinema. Keaton was born into a vaudeville family in Piqua, Kansas, the small town where his mother, Myra Keaton (\"née\" Cutler), was when she went into labor. He was named \"Joseph\" to continue a tradition on his father's side (he was sixth in a line bearing the name Joseph Keaton) and \"Frank\" for his maternal grandfather, who disapproved of his parents' union. Later, Keaton changed his middle name to",
"psg_id": "532679"
},
{
"title": "Michael S. Bennett",
"text": "from Ray Fice, a former circuit court administrator and high school classmate of Bennett, who sent the picture as a joke of what he was missing at his school's class reunion. Michael S. Bennett Michael S. Bennett was a Republican member of the Florida Senate, who has represented the 21st District since 2002. He was a member of the Florida House of Representatives from 2001 to 2002. Bennett was elected to the Florida House of Representatives in November 2000, and was elected to the Senate in November 2002, and re-elected in 2004 and 2008. He represents District 21, which encompasses",
"psg_id": "11040992"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Hollywood Hills, California. Keaton was presented with a 1959 Academy Honorary Award at the 32nd Academy Awards, held in April 1960. Keaton has two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: 6619 Hollywood Boulevard (for motion pictures); and 6225 Hollywood Boulevard (for television). A 1957 film biography, \"The Buster Keaton Story\", starring Donald O'Connor as Keaton was released. The screenplay, by Sidney Sheldon, who also directed the film, was loosely based on Keaton's life but contained many factual errors and merged his three wives into one character. A 1987 documentary, \"Buster Keaton: A Hard Act",
"psg_id": "532723"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "\"Francis\". His father was Joseph Hallie \"Joe\" Keaton, who owned a traveling show with Harry Houdini called the Mohawk Indian Medicine Company, which performed on stage and sold patent medicine on the side. According to a frequently repeated story, which may be apocryphal, Keaton acquired the nickname \"Buster\" at about 18 months of age. Keaton told interviewer Fletcher Markle that Houdini was present one day when the young Keaton took a tumble down a long flight of stairs without injury. After the infant sat up and shook off his experience, Houdini remarked, \"That was a real buster!\" According to Keaton,",
"psg_id": "532680"
},
{
"title": "Myra Keaton",
"text": "Myra Keaton Myra Edith Keaton (née Cutler, March 13, 1877 – July 21, 1955) was an American vaudeville performer and film actress. She was the mother of actor Buster Keaton. Myra Keaton was born in Modale, Iowa, the daughter of Frank Luke Cutler (1849–1935) and Sarah Elizabeth (née Shaffer; 1850–1887). She had an older brother, Burt Melvin Cutler, and a half-brother, Clinton M. Cutler. As teenagers, Myra and Burt traveled and performed with their father's medicine show. Joe Keaton joined the show while they traveled through Oklahoma Territory in 1893. Myra and Joe married on May 31, 1894, and began",
"psg_id": "10710667"
},
{
"title": "Joe Keaton",
"text": "Joe Keaton Joseph Hallie Keaton (July 6, 1867 – January 13, 1946) was an American vaudeville performer and silent film actor. He was the father of actor Buster Keaton and appeared with his son in several of his films. Keaton was born a few miles south of Terre Haute, Indiana to Libbie Jane and Joseph Francis Keaton IV. Leaving home in 1889, the year of the Land Rush, he homesteaded in the Oklahoma territory for a time, securing a claim three and a half miles northwest of Edmond. A few months into Keaton's residency, the neighboring homesteader (a Canadian whom",
"psg_id": "10710367"
},
{
"title": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor",
"text": "Buyers Club\" as Ron Woodroof † 2014: Michael Keaton – \"Birdman\" as Riggan Thomson ‡ 2015: Leonardo DiCaprio – \"The Revenant\" as Hugh Glass † 2016: Casey Affleck – \"Manchester by the Sea\" as Lee Chandler † 2017: Gary Oldman – \"Darkest Hour\" as Winston Churchill † 2018: Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor The Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association at their annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards. 2000: Russell Crowe – \"Gladiator\" as Maximus Decimus Meridius †",
"psg_id": "6657855"
},
{
"title": "Alex P. Keaton",
"text": "\"50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time\" list. When Michael J. Fox left his next series, \"Spin City\" a decade after \"Family Ties\", his final episodes as a regular (\"Goodbye: Part 1 & 2\", Season 4, Episodes 25 and 26) made numerous allusions to \"Family Ties\". Michael Gross (Alex's father Steven) portrays Michael Patrick Flaherty's (Michael J. Fox) therapist and there is a reference to the therapist's unseen receptionist named \"Mallory\". After Flaherty becomes an environmental lobbyist in Washington, he makes a reference to having met the junior senator from Ohio, Alex P. Keaton. Actress Meredith Baxter, who played Alex",
"psg_id": "5905259"
},
{
"title": "What! No Beer?",
"text": "folks. It won't be long now.\" He blows off the head and chugs some down. A myth persists that the Keaton talkies were critical and popular failures that virtually finished Keaton's career. Most of them were solid moneymakers. The Keaton series might have continued (MGM had already announced that Keaton and Durante would be co-starring with Jackie Cooper), but \"What! No Beer?\" turned out to be Keaton's last MGM feature, and his last starring feature in the United States. Keaton then starred in 26 short subjects, and usually played featured roles after 1941. What! No Beer? What - No Beer?",
"psg_id": "11434676"
},
{
"title": "What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album)",
"text": "(musician)'s \"Caravan Tonight\" (1974) and Chris Robison's \"Chris Robison and His Many Hand Band\" (1973), is one of the first to deal with openly gay themes and issues within the song lyrics. The style of the album is very much within the folk-rock genre and it includes the song \"Bitterfeast\" which adapts a poem by Cohen's namesake and fellow singer-songwriter Leonard Cohen. Musicians who played on the album include the drummer Kevin Kelley. What Did You Expect? (Michael Cohen album) What Did You Expect? is an album by the American singer-songwriter Michael Cohen which was released on Folkways Records (FS",
"psg_id": "16756604"
},
{
"title": "The Buster Keaton Show",
"text": "the original commercials for Studebaker cars. (This was an era where television shows typically had a single sponsor, with \"The Buster Keaton Show\" having three commercial breaks, each for Studebaker.) This was Keaton's second foray into the new medium of television. It followed the 1949 one-off \"The Buster Keaton Comedy Show\". Broadcast live, no record of that first program remains and it was not seen by viewers outside California, as it was not filmed in kinescope nor was there a coaxial cable linking the coasts at that time. The Buster Keaton Show The Buster Keaton Show was a television series",
"psg_id": "16151817"
},
{
"title": "Alex P. Keaton",
"text": "when Alex P. Keaton lost his own girlfriend before getting another one. In the second episode of the first season of Broad City, when offered \"a few pages from [his] dad's prescription pad,\" by a young boy, Abbi refers to him as Alex P. Keaton. Alex P. Keaton Alex P. Keaton is a fictional character on the United States television sitcom \"Family Ties,\" which aired on NBC for seven seasons, from 1982 to 1989. \"Family Ties\" reflected the move in the United States away from the cultural liberalism of the 1960s and 1970s to the conservatism of the 1980s. This",
"psg_id": "5905261"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "The Other Sister (1999). In 1999, Keaton narrated the one-hour public-radio documentary \"If I Get Out Alive\", the first to focus on the conditions and brutality faced by young people in the adult correctional system. The program, produced by Lichtenstein Creative Media, aired on public radio stations across the country, and was honored with a First Place National Headliner Award and a Casey Medal for Meritorious Journalism. Keaton's first film of 2000 was \"Hanging Up\" with Meg Ryan and Lisa Kudrow. Keaton also directed the film, despite claiming in a 1996 interview that she would never direct herself in a",
"psg_id": "1639097"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "In \"In The Good Old Summertime\", Keaton personally directed the stars Judy Garland and Van Johnson in their first scene together where they bump into each other on the street. Keaton invented comedy bits where Johnson keeps trying to apologize to a seething Garland, but winds up messing up her hairdo and tearing her dress. Keaton also had a cameo as Jimmy, appearing near the end of the film \"It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World\" (1963). Jimmy assists Spencer Tracy's character, Captain C. G. Culpepper, by readying Culpepper's ultimately-unused boat for his abortive escape. (The restored version of that",
"psg_id": "532701"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "can't fully believe in.\" In 1987, Keaton directed and edited her first feature film, a documentary named \"Heaven\" about the possibility of an afterlife. \"Heaven\" met with mixed critical reaction, with \"The New York Times\" likening it to \"a conceit imposed on its subjects.\" Over the next four years, Keaton went on to direct music videos for artists such as Belinda Carlisle, including the video for Carlisle's chart-topping hit \"Heaven Is a Place on Earth,\" two television films starring Patricia Arquette, and episodes of the series \"China Beach\" and \"Twin Peaks\". By the 1990s, Keaton had established herself as one",
"psg_id": "1639087"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "being diagnosed with cancer in January 1966, he was never told that he was terminally ill or that he had cancer; Keaton thought that he was recovering from a severe case of bronchitis. Confined to a hospital during his final days, Keaton was restless and paced the room endlessly, desiring to return home. In a British television documentary about his career, his widow Eleanor told producers of Thames Television that Keaton was up out of bed and moving around, and even played cards with friends who came to visit the day before he died. Keaton was interred at the Forest",
"psg_id": "532722"
},
{
"title": "Myra Keaton",
"text": "died on July 21, 1955, in Los Angeles, California, aged 78. She died while her son, Buster, was on tour in England. She was buried at Glen Haven Memorial Park in Sylmar, California. Myra Keaton Myra Edith Keaton (née Cutler, March 13, 1877 – July 21, 1955) was an American vaudeville performer and film actress. She was the mother of actor Buster Keaton. Myra Keaton was born in Modale, Iowa, the daughter of Frank Luke Cutler (1849–1935) and Sarah Elizabeth (née Shaffer; 1850–1887). She had an older brother, Burt Melvin Cutler, and a half-brother, Clinton M. Cutler. As teenagers, Myra",
"psg_id": "10710669"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "and a disastrous tour of music halls in the United Kingdom, Keaton was a rising star in the theater. Keaton stated that he learned to read and write late, and was taught by his mother. By the time he was 21, his father's alcoholism threatened the reputation of the family act, so Keaton and his mother, Myra, left for New York, where Buster Keaton's career swiftly moved from vaudeville to film. Keaton served in the American Expeditionary Forces in France with the United States Army's 40th Infantry Division during World War I. His unit remained intact and was not broken",
"psg_id": "532685"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "young Keaton would goad his father by disobeying him, and the elder Keaton would respond by throwing him against the scenery, into the orchestra pit, or even into the audience. A suitcase handle was sewn into Keaton's clothing to aid with the constant tossing. The act evolved as Keaton learned to take trick falls safely; he was rarely injured or bruised on stage. This knockabout style of comedy led to accusations of child abuse, and occasionally, arrest. However, Buster Keaton was always able to show the authorities that he had no bruises or broken bones. He was eventually billed as",
"psg_id": "532682"
},
{
"title": "Joe Keaton",
"text": "help of a girlfriend who was a Christian Scientist. Joe Keaton died on January 13, 1946. According to the New York Times, he died at his home in Hollywood, after a long illness. However, Buster later said he was hit by a car, and state death records show that he died in Ventura. It was announced that Joe Keaton would play a court reporter in \"Evelyn Prentice\" (1934), but his actual appearance in the film cannot be confirmed. Joe Keaton Joseph Hallie Keaton (July 6, 1867 – January 13, 1946) was an American vaudeville performer and silent film actor. He",
"psg_id": "10710370"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "the worst-reviewed films of the year. The following year, Keaton received her first and only Golden Raspberry Award nomination to date, for the film. In \"Mama's Boy\", director Tim Hamilton's feature film debut, Keaton starred as the mother of a self-absorbed 29-year-old (played by Jon Heder) whose world turns upside down when his widowed mother starts dating and considers booting him out of the house. Distributed for a limited release to certain parts of the United States only, the independent comedy garnered largely negative reviews. In 2008, Keaton starred alongside Dax Shepard and Liv Tyler in Vince Di Meglio's dramedy",
"psg_id": "1639104"
},
{
"title": "James R. Keaton",
"text": "a movement for judicial recall. Keaton had married Mrs. Lucile Davenport Johnston in Denton, Texas on July 17, 1890. She was a native Texan, and the daughter of William Davenport, who had served the Confederate States of America as Consul to Mexico. The Keatons had one son, Clarence Johnston Keaton, before Lucile died on April 17, 1923. Judge Keaton died of a heart ailment at the age of 84, on April 4, 1946, at Wesley Hospital in Oklahoma City. After a funeral service at the First Presbyterian Church of Oklahoma City, he was buried at Rose Hill Cemetery. An obituary",
"psg_id": "18993009"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "of the hats during his career. Keaton observed that during his silent period, such a hat cost him around two dollars; at the time of his interview, he said, they cost almost $13. The hat is currently sold online for $75. Buster Keaton Joseph Frank Keaton (October 4, 1895 – February 1, 1966), known professionally as Buster Keaton, was an American actor, comedian, film director, producer, screenwriter, and stunt performer. He was best known for his silent films, in which his trademark was physical comedy with a consistently stoic, deadpan expression which earned him the nickname \"The Great Stone Face\".",
"psg_id": "532730"
},
{
"title": "The First Wives Club",
"text": "New York Times\". \"The situation of a woman getting left for a younger version of herself was far too common. But we didn't want a movie about women as victims. We wanted a movie about empowerment.\" Rudin consulted Robert Harling to write the screenplay, whose script was reworked by Paul Rudnick when Harling left to direct 1996's \"The Evening Star\", the sequel to the 1983 drama \"Terms of Endearment\". Rudnick, however, felt the final script was \"incomprehensible\": \"To figure out the structure of that movie would require an undiscovered Rosetta Stone,\" he told \"The New York Times\". Diane Keaton was",
"psg_id": "5286940"
},
{
"title": "Master Keaton",
"text": "manga in North America in 2014. The story revolves around , the son of Japanese zoologist and well-born Englishwoman Patricia Keaton. Keaton's parents separated when he was five, and young Taichi moved back to England with his mother. As an adult, he studied archeology at Oxford University, in part under the tutelage of Professor Yuri Scott. At Oxford, Keaton met and later married his wife, who was a mathematics student at Somerville College. The couple later divorced, with Keaton leaving his five-year-old daughter in her mother's care. After leaving Oxford, Keaton joined the British Army and became a member of",
"psg_id": "5630409"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "Cellulose acetate film from deteriorating nitrate film stock. On April 3, 1957, Keaton was surprised by Ralph Edwards for the weekly NBC program \"This Is Your Life\". The program also promoted the release of the biographical film \"The Buster Keaton Story\" with Donald O'Connor. In December 1958, Keaton was a guest star in the episode \"A Very Merry Christmas\" of \"The Donna Reed Show\" on ABC. He returned to the program in 1965 in the episode \"Now You See It, Now You Don't\". In August 1960, Keaton played mute King Sextimus the Silent in the national touring company of the",
"psg_id": "532707"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "considered for the role of Bessie. The film also starred a young Leonardo DiCaprio as Lee's rebellious son. Roger Ebert stated that \"Streep and Keaton, in their different styles, find ways to make Lee and Bessie into much more than the expression of their problems.\" Keaton earned a third Academy Award nomination for the film, which was critically acclaimed. Keaton said that the biggest challenge of the role was understanding the mentality of a person with a terminal illness. Keaton next starred in \"The Only Thrill\" (1997) opposite her \"Baby Boom\" co-star Sam Shephard, and had a supporting role in",
"psg_id": "1639096"
},
{
"title": "Keaton Beach, Florida",
"text": "fishing.\" According to local historians, Keaton Beach was named for Abb and Sam Keaton, two brothers who apparently first settled in the area and who are thought to be its original owners. It is believed that their family originally owned cotton farms in the area, however, their primary source of income gradually shifted as mullet fishing became one of the thriving industries in Taylor County. In the early 1900s, mullet were caught off the Florida coast and residents of south Georgia and north Florida would come to Keaton Beach to buy the fish, which were salted down for use during",
"psg_id": "20035760"
},
{
"title": "S. M. Michael",
"text": "S. M. Michael S. M. Michael was one of the early 20th-century translators of the Tirukkural into English. S. M. Michael, a native of Nagarcoil, Tamil Nadu, was a pious devotee of the Kural text. He started translating the ancient literature into English in the pre-Independence Era. He established a publishing house named 'The Grace Hut' in the early forties in Nagarcoil. In 1946, he revised his translation and published it for the first time, under the title \"The Sacred Aphorisms of Thiruvalluvar\". It was the fifth of the series published by the publishing house. These works were funded by",
"psg_id": "20406465"
},
{
"title": "Michael S. Joyce",
"text": "Wisconsin. He was married and had three children. He died of liver disease in a hospice in Germantown, Wisconsin on February 24, 2006. Michael S. Joyce Michael S. Joyce (July 5, 1942 – February 24, 2006) was an American conservative activist. Michael S. Joyce was born in Cleveland, Ohio on July 5, 1942. He grew up in a family of blue-collar Catholic Democrats. He attended Kent State University but transferred to Cleveland State University, where he graduated with a B.A. degree in history and philosophy in 1967. He received a Ph.D. in education from Walden University in 1974. His first",
"psg_id": "17016566"
},
{
"title": "Michael S. Joyce",
"text": "Michael S. Joyce Michael S. Joyce (July 5, 1942 – February 24, 2006) was an American conservative activist. Michael S. Joyce was born in Cleveland, Ohio on July 5, 1942. He grew up in a family of blue-collar Catholic Democrats. He attended Kent State University but transferred to Cleveland State University, where he graduated with a B.A. degree in history and philosophy in 1967. He received a Ph.D. in education from Walden University in 1974. His first job was as a high school history teacher in Cleveland. In 1968, he took a job at the Educational Research Council of America,",
"psg_id": "17016561"
},
{
"title": "Keaton Jennings",
"text": "first innings to restrict them to a total of 240. In so doing, Jennings equalled the England record for number of catches taken in a single Test innings. Keaton Jennings Keaton Kent Jennings (born 19 June 1992) is a South Africa-born English cricketer who plays for Lancashire and England. He is a left-handed opening batsman who also bowls right-arm fast-medium. Jennings was born in Johannesburg, but also holds British citizenship through his mother, who was born in Sunderland. His father, Ray Jennings, played first-class cricket in South Africa from 1973/4 to 1992/3, with most of his playing career during the",
"psg_id": "17584822"
},
{
"title": "Keaton Jennings",
"text": "Keaton Jennings Keaton Kent Jennings (born 19 June 1992) is a South Africa-born English cricketer who plays for Lancashire and England. He is a left-handed opening batsman who also bowls right-arm fast-medium. Jennings was born in Johannesburg, but also holds British citizenship through his mother, who was born in Sunderland. His father, Ray Jennings, played first-class cricket in South Africa from 1973/4 to 1992/3, with most of his playing career during the anti-apartheid sporting boycott of South Africa. Other first-class cricketers in the family include Jennings's uncle Kenneth Jennings and his older brother Dylan Jennings (born 1979), who both played",
"psg_id": "17584814"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "little impression at the box office, the film and its direction were generally well-received critically. Keaton's most successful film of the decade was the 1996 comedy \"The First Wives Club\". She starred with Goldie Hawn and Bette Midler as a trio of \"first wives\": middle-aged women who had been divorced by their husbands in favor of younger women. Keaton claimed that making the film \"saved <nowiki>[her]</nowiki> life.\" The film was a major success, grossing US$105million at the North American box office, and it developed a cult following among middle-aged women. Reviews of the film were generally positive for Keaton and",
"psg_id": "1639094"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "the City of Los Angeles declared the date \"Buster Keaton Day.\" Keaton designed and modified his own pork pie hats during his career. In 1964, he told an interviewer that in making \"this particular pork pie\", he \"started with a good Stetson and cut it down\", stiffening the brim with sugar water. The hats were often destroyed during Keaton's wild film antics; some were given away as gifts and some were snatched by souvenir hunters. Keaton said he was lucky if he used only six hats in making a film. Keaton estimated that he and his wife Eleanor made thousands",
"psg_id": "532729"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "in several of his comic and dramatic films, including \"Sleeper\", \"Love and Death\", \"Interiors\", \"Manhattan\", \"Manhattan Murder Mystery\" and the film version of \"Play It Again, Sam\", directed by Herbert Ross. Allen has credited Keaton as his muse during his early film career. In 1977, Keaton starred with Allen in the romantic comedy \"Annie Hall\", one of her most famous roles. \"Annie Hall\", written by Allen and Marshall Brickman and directed by Allen, was believed to be autobiographical of his relationship with Keaton. Allen based the character of Annie Hall loosely on Keaton (\"Annie\" is a nickname of hers, and",
"psg_id": "1639069"
},
{
"title": "Jonathan D. Keaton",
"text": "Jonathan D. Keaton Jonathan Doyle Keaton (born 30 March 1946) is an American bishop of the United Methodist Church, elected in 1996. He is married to Beverly L. Keaton. They have three grown children: Jonathan Doyle Keaton, II, Tandreka Jamil Keaton, and Anaya Teshon Keaton; and one grandchild. Keaton earned the B.S. degree in biology at Philander Smith College, Little Rock, Arkansas (1968), the M.Div. degree at Garrett Theological Seminary, Evanston, Illinois (1971), and the S.T.D. in Homiletics and the Sociology of Religion at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary (G-ETS, 1979). He also served graduate teaching assistantships in communications, ethics and society,",
"psg_id": "7441401"
},
{
"title": "J. McAdoo Keaton",
"text": "In 1945 Keaton joined the football coaching staff as line coach at Southern Methodist University (SMU). He later became track coach at SMU. Keaton died following a cerebral hemorrhage on July 10, 1968, at Baylor Hospital in Dallas, Texas. J. McAdoo Keaton James McAdoo Keaton (June 11, 1899 – July 10, 1968) was an American football, basketball, and track coach. He was the fourth head football coach at Howard Payne University in Brownwood, Texas, serving for eight seasons, from 1935 to 1942, and compiling a record of 55–19–8. Keaton also served as the head basketball coach at Howard Payne from",
"psg_id": "11967566"
},
{
"title": "Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor in a Comedy",
"text": "as Wade Wilson / Deadpool 2017: James Franco – \"The Disaster Artist\" as Tommy Wiseau 2018: 2 nominations 3 nominations Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor in a Comedy The Critics' Choice Movie Award for Best Actor in a Comedy is one of the awards given to people working in the motion picture industry by the Broadcast Film Critics Association (BFCA) at their annual Critics' Choice Movie Awards. 2012: Bradley Cooper – \"Silver Linings Playbook\" as Patrizio \"Pat\" Solitano, Jr. ‡ 2013: Leonardo DiCaprio – \"The Wolf of Wall Street\" as Jordan Belfort ‡ 2014: Michael Keaton – \"Birdman\"",
"psg_id": "17774019"
},
{
"title": "Buster Keaton",
"text": "people, along with Charlie Chaplin, to defend Arbuckle's character during accusations that he was responsible for the death of actress Virginia Rappe. (Arbuckle was eventually acquitted, with an apology from the jury for the ordeal he had undergone.) In 1920, \"The Saphead\" was released, in which Keaton had his first starring role in a full-length feature. It was based on a successful play, \"The New Henrietta\", which had already been filmed once, under the title \"The Lamb\", with Douglas Fairbanks playing the lead. Fairbanks recommended Keaton to take the role for the remake five years later, since the film was",
"psg_id": "532688"
},
{
"title": "Keaton Beach, Florida",
"text": "pavilion was used primarily as a fish camp by day and as a dance hall and restaurant by night. The Stephens family purchased the property of Keaton Beach from Clarence Kelly of Madison County, Florida in 1946. In the 1940s the Stephens family frequently visited Keaton Beach as a weekend getaway. However, the Keaton Beach, Inc. company eventually bought a parcel of 337 acres of Taylor County beaches that included the Keaton Beach area from Mr. and Mrs. Stephens. The Keaton Beach restaurant, pavilion and eight cottages were included in the deal. The land area included the frontage on the",
"psg_id": "20035763"
},
{
"title": "The Buster Keaton Show",
"text": "The Buster Keaton Show The Buster Keaton Show was a television series broadcast in 1950 starring Buster Keaton. It was broadcast over KTTV, which at the time was the Los Angeles affiliate of CBS (the network would start KNXT in 1951). Several episodes from the show were assembled into a feature length film that was released theatrically in the United Kingdom as \"The Misadventures of Buster Keaton\". An episode of \"The Buster Keaton Show\", and three episodes of \"Life with Buster Keaton\" can be viewed on the internet archive. The former is a kinescope of a live telecast, and includes",
"psg_id": "16151816"
},
{
"title": "Diane Keaton",
"text": "In 1991, Keaton starred with Steve Martin in the family comedy \"Father of the Bride\". She was almost not cast in the film, as the commercial failure of \"The Good Mother\" had strained her relationship with Walt Disney Pictures, the studio of both films. \"Father of the Bride\" was Keaton's first major hit after four years of commercial disappointments. Keaton reprised her role four years later in the sequel, as a woman who becomes pregnant in middle age at the same time as her daughter. A review of the film for \"The San Francisco Examiner\" was one of many in",
"psg_id": "1639089"
}
] | [
"nightshift",
"nightshift (tv series)",
"night shift (disambiguation)",
"night shift",
"night shift"
] |
what is uma thurman's middle name? | [
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "Thurman joined \"Rhino Rescue Project\" and traveled to Southern Africa to assist and help relocating the threatened species of black rhinoceros; being in close contact with rhinos, Thurman defined her experience with those animals to be \"spiritual, surreal\". In December 2017, during the allegations of sexual misconduct against Roy Moore, Thurman expressed her strong disapproval for his run to the United States Senate special election in Alabama. Uma Thurman Uma Karuna Thurman (born April 29, 1970) is an American actress and model. She has performed in a variety of films, ranging from romantic comedies and dramas to science fiction and",
"psg_id": "847070"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "Uma Thurman (song) \"Uma Thurman\" is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy, released digitally on January 12, 2015. The song prominently features sampled theme music from the television series \"The Munsters\" (1964–66) and lyrics celebrating the character actress Uma Thurman, famous for films such as \"Pulp Fiction\" and \"Kill Bill\". The song was the fifth digital track released in build up to the band's 2015 album, \"American Beauty/American Psycho\". The song was released to modern rock radio as the album's third single (second in the U.S.) in early February. On March 31, 2015, \"Uma Thurman\" was released",
"psg_id": "18526828"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "\"Un Certain Regard\" jury. Thurman made her Broadway debut in \"The Parisian Woman\" (2017–2018). For her performance in the made-for-HBO film \"Hysterical Blindness\" (2002), Thurman won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Television Film, and for her five-episode role in the NBC musical series \"Smash\" (2012), she received a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. Thurman has starred in the miniseries \"The Slap\" (2015) and the series \"Imposters\" (2017–2018). Thurman was born in Boston, Massachusetts. Her first name \"Uma\" (Sanskrit उमा) literally means \"splendour, light\" and it is also one of",
"psg_id": "847026"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "up mostly in Amherst, Massachusetts, where she went to Amherst Regional Junior High School, then moved to Woodstock, New York. She has three brothers, Ganden (b. 1967), Dechen Karl (b. 1973), and Mipam (b. 1978), and a half-sister named Taya (b. 1961), from her father's previous marriage. Thurman's first cousin, once removed, is Swedish football player Max von Schlebrügge. Thurman is described as having been an awkward and introverted girl who was teased for her appearance, prominent nose, unusual name, (sometimes using the name \"Uma Karen\" instead of her birth name), towering height and abnormally large feet. When Thurman was",
"psg_id": "847028"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "we played it. We decided why don't we kind of create this world around that? To me, Uma Thurman and Winona Ryder, they were these women in pop culture who were quirky, but that made me only crush on them harder. And rather than going with the traditional Uma Thurman role, we thought a lot about \"Kill Bill\" and who her character was in that, and this kind of resilience and this violence, but there's something that's authentic about it (like a woman taking revenge or being empowered). So that's what the chorus of the song's about, and the verses",
"psg_id": "18526832"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "by Big Sean, Action Bronson, Brendon Urie, Big Data and MAX. Uma Thurman (song) \"Uma Thurman\" is a song by American rock band Fall Out Boy, released digitally on January 12, 2015. The song prominently features sampled theme music from the television series \"The Munsters\" (1964–66) and lyrics celebrating the character actress Uma Thurman, famous for films such as \"Pulp Fiction\" and \"Kill Bill\". The song was the fifth digital track released in build up to the band's 2015 album, \"American Beauty/American Psycho\". The song was released to modern rock radio as the album's third single (second in the U.S.)",
"psg_id": "18526837"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "rock band Fall Out Boy released a song titled \"Uma Thurman\" in 2015, celebrating the actress and her roles in \"Pulp Fiction\" and \"Kill Bill\". She gave permission for the band to use her name, and during an interview on the \"Today Show\", stated: \"It's very, like unbelievably polite and gracious of them. So sweet. I'm so happy for their big success\". The Lavender Prada dress Thurman wore at the 67th Academy Awards on March 27, 1995 was admired by the media; Stylecaster.com stated that, as a result, \"Thurman became known for her stellar fashion sense, while Prada got a",
"psg_id": "847060"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "for her songs in the film. While box office receipts were modest, Thurman garnered acclaim from critics; A. O. Scott of \"The New York Times\" said: \"Uma Thurman as a would-be actress is the one bit of genuine radiance in this aggressively and pointlessly shiny, noisy spectacle.\" In 2006, Thurman starred opposite Luke Wilson in \"My Super Ex-Girlfriend\", playing a superhero who is dumped by her boyfriend and then takes her revenge upon him. She received $14 million for the role, but the film was panned by critics and made a modest US$61 million worldwide. \"Entertainment Weekly\" felt that it",
"psg_id": "847047"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "Songs position. \"Uma Thurman\" charted in the UK reaching No. 71 and in Canada, reaching No. 67. On 10 August 2015, \"Uma Thurman\" was certified Platinum by the RIAA. As of September 2015, the song has sold 1,040,000 downloads in the United States. It also became Fall Out Boy's first top 10 Radio Songs hit. As of December 2015, the song has been certified 2x Platinum by the RIAA. The video premiered on VEVO on April 17, 2015. Its premise is contest winner \"Sarah\" spending the day doing chores for the separate band members as well as pranking them by",
"psg_id": "18526835"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "Her performance garnered critical acclaim, with \"The A.V. Club\" writing: \"Uma Thurman is a lot of fun. She gives that character some pop, playing both the shallow, demanding side of celebrity [...] and the sincere, talented side [...]\". She earned a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series. Thurman appeared in the \"Volume I\" of Lars von Trier's two-part ensemble art drama \"Nymphomaniac\" (2013) as Mrs. H, a rejected wife who confronts her estranged husband. Despite her limited screen time in the film, \"Rolling Stone\" magazine remarked that she was \"sensational\" in a role that",
"psg_id": "847053"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "American actress Uma Thurman dancing with John Travolta in an iconic scene of the film \"Pulp Fiction\". She gave permission for Fall Out Boy to use her name. The track incorporates \"jittery piano chords\" and \"clapping drums\", along with bursts of verbiage like \"I can move mountains, I can work a miracle\". Bassist and lyricist Pete Wentz has stated: This was a fun song to write. originally, when we came up with the idea, and there was this sample in it, which is a sample from \"The Munsters\" TV show, people kept saying \"oh cool, like Quentin Tarantino, cool\" when",
"psg_id": "18526831"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "Awards. Fall Out Boy has also performed the song on TV shows including \"Late Night with Seth Meyers\" and at the 2015 Much Music Video Awards. On October 26, 2015, Uma Thurman discussed the song on the \"Today Show\" and said the band asked her for permission to use her name in the song: \"I said sure! It's very, like unbelievably polite and gracious of them. So sweet. I'm so happy for their big success.\" The song prominently samples the theme music from \"The Munsters\", taking an electric guitar riff and baritone sax line. Its title is a reference to",
"psg_id": "18526830"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "a Dark Hall\" (2018), directed by Rodrigo Cortés, Uma portrayed the role of Madame Duret, the eccentric headmistress of a mysterious school for troubled girls. In its review for the latter film, \"Variety\" noted that she \"cuts an elegant figure [...] but her somewhat unconvincing villain could have used more notes of mystery and wit\". In 1995, Thurman was chosen by \"Empire\" magazine as one of the 100 sexiest stars in film history, ranking at No. 20, and in 1997, the magazine listed her as No. 99 in its \"The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time\" list. She has",
"psg_id": "847058"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "Stone\" likened Thurman to \"an avenging angel out of a 1940s Hollywood melodrama\". She was nominated for two Golden Globe for both entries, plus three MTV Movie Awards for Best Female Performance and two for Best Fight. By the mid-2000s, Thurman had a reported asking price of US$12.5 million per film. Besides the children's film \"\", in which Thurman had a cameo, she had three other major film releases throughout 2005. Her first film in the year was the crime-comedy \"Be Cool\", the sequel to 1995's \"Get Shorty\", which reunited her with her \"Pulp Fiction\" castmate John Travolta. Despite a",
"psg_id": "847045"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "off the music well. Idolator wrote that \"The Munster\" sample added a '60s surf-rock vibe to the \"impossibly catchy\" song. As a promotional digital release, \"Uma Thurman\" debuted at No. 73 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and No. 6 on the Rock Songs chart on the strength of 46,000 first week downloads as reported by \"Billboard\". It became the band's ninth top 15 Hot Rock Songs charting in the US since the chart began in 2009. It peaked at No. 22 as an official single (and ninth top 30 single), with a top 10 Pop Songs and top 30 Alternative",
"psg_id": "18526834"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "as the album's second U.S. Top 40 single. The remix entitled \"The Boys of Zummer Remix\" was released in promotion of the Boys of Zummer tour featuring American rapper and tourmate Wiz Khalifa. The song debuted at No. 1 on the U.S. iTunes chart on its digital release, reached No. 22 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and was certified 2x Platinum by the RIAA in December 2015. The music video won the 2015 MTV Video Music Award for Best Rock Video. Fall Out Boy performed \"Uma Thurman\" in a television ad for Pepsi — which premiered during the 57th Grammy",
"psg_id": "18526829"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "release to certain parts of the United States only, the independent dramedy garnered just US$93,388 in three weeks of release. \"The New York Times\" critic A. O. Scott felt that Thurman's character is \"scattered, ambivalent, flaky and inconsistent – all of which is fine, and energetically conveyed by Ms. Thurman. But what are tolerable quirks in a person can be deadly to a narrative [...] the movie stumbles from loose and scruffy naturalism to sitcom tidiness\". Thurman filmed a brief role in the fantasy adaptation \"\" (2010), appearing as Medusa, a gorgon cursed by Athena. In 2011, she was a",
"psg_id": "847050"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "defies \"[von Trier]'s mixed feelings about female power\", while \"Vanity Fair\" found her to be \"downright terrific\", noting that she \"lends the character [...] a good deal of dignity\". For her part, she received a Bodil Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and in 2014, she won the BAMBI Award for Best International Actress. In 2015, Thurman starred on the NBC miniseries \"The Slap\", the American adaptation of the Australian series of the same name about the fallout after a man slaps another couple's misbehaving child, and played a famed restaurant critic named Simone in the drama \"Burnt\", starring Bradley",
"psg_id": "847054"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "also ranked in various occasions in \"FHM\"'s \"100 Sexiest Women in the World\" list from the mid 1990s onwards. Thurman has been listed as No. 34, No. 21 and No. 30 in \"Maxim\" magazine's \"Hot 100\" in 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively. She was named one of the \"100 Hottest Women of the 21st Century\" by \"GQ\" magazine. On February 7, 2006, Thurman was awarded and named a knight of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres of France for outstanding achievement in the field of art and literature, and for her work and importance as an actress. The American",
"psg_id": "847059"
},
{
"title": "Uma (given name)",
"text": "rice fields. Uma in Japanese means horse. Uma in Swahili means bite. Uma (given name) Uma is a given name in various cultures. In India, it is the name of the Hindu goddess, who is more commonly known as Parvati. In Sanskrit the word \"\" can further mean \"tranquillity\", \"splendour\", \"fame\" and \"night\". In Hebrew and Aramaic its meaning is \"nation\". It is also used by the Tiv people of Cameroon and Nigeria where the meaning in the Tiv language is \"life\". The name Uma is also popular in the Otukpo subgroup of the Idoma people of Nigeria and the",
"psg_id": "14131866"
},
{
"title": "Uma (given name)",
"text": "Uma (given name) Uma is a given name in various cultures. In India, it is the name of the Hindu goddess, who is more commonly known as Parvati. In Sanskrit the word \"\" can further mean \"tranquillity\", \"splendour\", \"fame\" and \"night\". In Hebrew and Aramaic its meaning is \"nation\". It is also used by the Tiv people of Cameroon and Nigeria where the meaning in the Tiv language is \"life\". The name Uma is also popular in the Otukpo subgroup of the Idoma people of Nigeria and the meaning in the Idoma language is \"to shine\". Uma in Balinese means",
"psg_id": "14131865"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "the Classic Stage Company, and portrayed a socialite in Woody Allen's romantic dramedy \"Sweet and Lowdown\", opposite Sean Penn. Thurman was in a hiatus from acting at the time as she had her daughter in 1998, doing only a few small, low-budget projects after giving birth; she eventually turned down the role of Éowyn in Peter Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy, which she considers \"one of the worst decisions [she] ever made\". Thurman headlined the period drama \"The Golden Bowl\" (2000), based on the 1904 novel of the same name by Henry James. In November 2000, she",
"psg_id": "847040"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "ambassador for TAG Heuer and the French fashion house Louis Vuitton, appearing on both companies' advertisement and publicity campaigns. Thurman was chosen as the face of Parfums Givenchy in 2009, and fronted the campaign for the women's fragrance \"Ange ou Démon Le Secret\". In 2014, Thurman was protagonist for the 15th Campari Calendar, acclaimed for its beauty and printed in a limited edition of 9999 copies, which Thurman defined \"an amazing work of art\". She was among the actresses photographed by Peter Lindbergh for the 2017 Pirelli Calendar. In June 2018, it was reported that Thurman is getting help from",
"psg_id": "847062"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "in 2003, and the divorce was finalized in August 2005. Thurman began dating London-based French financier Arpad Busson in 2007, and they announced their engagement in June 2008. In late 2009, they called off their engagement, but reconciled soon after. The couple called off the engagement for the second time in April 2014. Thurman and Busson have a daughter together, Luna, born in 2012. In January 2017, Thurman and Busson began child custody negotiations in relation to their daughter, which resulted in Thurman receiving primary physical custody later that month. Thurman was the target of a stalker from about 2004",
"psg_id": "847064"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "home Chelsea Hotel. Thurman would win a Golden Globe for her acting in HBO cable movie \"Hysterical Blindness\" (2002), where she was also one of the executive producers. Thurman played a New Jersey woman in the 1980s searching for romance. In its review, the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" remarked: \"Thurman so commits herself to the role, eyes blazing and body akimbo, that you start to believe that such a creature could exist—an exquisite-looking woman so spastic and needy that she repulses regular Joes. Thurman has bent the role to her will.\" Thurman reunited with Quentin Tarantino for the two-part martial arts",
"psg_id": "847042"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "the wife of a Los Angeles mobster. Several actresses were considered for the role, but Tarantino wanted Thurman after their first meeting. The film grossed US$213.9 million worldwide and received widespread acclaim, appearing on many critics' lists of the greatest films ever made. She dominated most of the movie's promotional material; Mia is considered one of the most iconic female film characters of the 1990s. \"The Washington Post\" asserted that Thurman was \"serenely unrecognizable in a black wig, [and] is marvelous as a zoned-out gangster's girlfriend\". For her performance, Thurman was nominated for the Golden Globe and the Academy Award",
"psg_id": "847035"
},
{
"title": "Robert Thurman",
"text": "Thurman and von Schlebrügge renamed the center Menla Mountain Retreat and Conference Center. Menla (the Tibetan name for the Medicine Buddha) was developed into a state-of-the-art healing arts center grounded in the Tibetan Medical tradition in conjunction with other holistic paradigms. Twice married, Robert Thurman is the father of five children and grandfather to eight grandchildren. With Marie-Christophe de Menil, he has one daughter, Taya; their grandson was the late artist Dash Snow. He also has a great-granddaughter through his late grandson. Robert and Nena Thurman have four children, including Ganden, who is Executive Director of Tibet House, actress Uma",
"psg_id": "2665707"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "was a \"miscalculation to make Thurman the antagonist. She does a sprightly satiric turn, but [it is] wasted in a movie that would rather tweak male paranoia than liberate a nerdette terrified of her powers\". In the 2007 film \"The Life Before Her Eyes\", Thurman starred as an accident survivor whose guilt causes her present-day life to fall apart. It received a limited theatrical release and was dismissed by critics as \"a confusing, painfully overwrought melodrama\". In 2008, Thurman starred with Colin Firth and Jeffrey Dean Morgan in \"The Accidental Husband\", a romantic comedy where she played a woman who",
"psg_id": "847048"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "the campaigns of John Kerry, Hillary Clinton, and Joseph R. Driscoll. She supports gun control laws, and in 2000 participated in \"Marie Claire\"’s \"End Gun Violence Now\" campaign. She is a member of the board of Room to Grow, a charitable organization providing aid to families and children suffering poverty. She serves on the board of the Tibet House. In 2007, she hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert in Oslo, Norway with actor Kevin Spacey. In February 2008, ahead of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, Thurman talked about human rights in China alongside Steven Spielberg and others, describing",
"psg_id": "847068"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "in a serious automobile accident on the set of \"Kill Bill\" because Tarantino had insisted she perform her own driving stunts. As a result of the crash, Thurman sustained permanent injuries to her neck and knees. Tarantino later called this incident \"the biggest regret of his life\". Thurman later clarified on Instagram that Tarantino had apologized to her for the incident and that she has since forgiven him, being open to working with him again in the future. Thurman has been involved in various philanthropic and activist causes. She supports the United States Democratic Party, and has given money to",
"psg_id": "847067"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "Her intelligence and poise stand out. But there's something else. She's more than a little haunted.\" In 1990, Thurman appeared with Fred Ward and Maria de Medeiros in \"Henry & June\", a sexually provocative drama about the relationship and affairs between writer Henry Miller and his wife June Miller in 1931 Paris. The film was the first to receive an NC-17 rating and partly because many American newspapers refused to advertise films with the new rating, it did not get wide release in the United States. However, it won Thurman good notices; \"The New York Times\" wrote: \"Thurman, as the",
"psg_id": "847032"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "financial and critical flop; CNN described her as \"so distanced you feel like you’re watching her through the wrong end of a telescope\". Thurman took on the role of Fantine in \"Les Misérables\", the 1998 film version of Victor Hugo's novel of the same name, directed by Bille August. The film was considered an \"intelligent, handsomely crafted adaptation\" of the classic novel, according to Rotten Tomatoes, and on his review of the film, Roger Ebert expressed that \"Thurman's performance is the best element\" of the story. In 1999, she performed in theatre in an update of Molière's \"The Misanthrope\" at",
"psg_id": "847039"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "Brooklyn-accented June, takes a larger-than-life character and makes her even bigger, though the performance is often as curious as it is commanding.\" After playing Maid Marian in the 1991 British adventure film \"Robin Hood\", Thurman starred as the patient of a San Francisco psychiatrist in the neo-noir drama \"Final Analysis\" (1992), opposite Richard Gere and Kim Basinger, and as a blind woman romantically involved with a former policeman in the thriller \"Jennifer 8\" (also 1992), with Andy Garcia. Thurman portrayed a young woman with unusually big thumbs in Gus Van Sant's 1993 adaptation of Tom Robbins' novel \"Even Cowgirls Get",
"psg_id": "847033"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "lukewarm critical reception, the film grossed US$95 million. She next starred in the romantic comedy \"Prime\" with Meryl Streep, playing a divorced and lonesome business-woman who enters a relationship with a much younger man (Bryan Greenberg). A modest mainstream success, it eventually grossed US$67.9 million internationally. In the remake \"The Producers\" (her last 2005 film), Thurman played Ulla, a Swedish stage actress hoping to win a part in a new Broadway musical. The producers of the film originally planned to have another singer dub in her musical numbers, but Thurman was eager to do her own vocals; she is credited",
"psg_id": "847046"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "of Venus\". In the Oscar-winning drama \"Dangerous Liaisons\", co-starring Glenn Close and John Malkovich, Thurman took on the role of a naive young woman seduced by a manipulative man. The picture was an arthouse success, and garnered Thurman recognition from critics and audiences; film critic Roger Ebert found her to be \"well cast\" in her \"tricky\" key role. At the time, insecure about her appearance, she spent roughly a year in London, during which she often wore loose, baggy clothing. Malkovich said of her, \"There is nothing twitchy teenager-ish about her, I haven’t met anyone like her at that age.",
"psg_id": "847031"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "as a socialite coming to terms with politics, her past, her marriage and an uncertain future. The play ran for 141 performances, including previews, between November 2017 and March 2018, garnering a mixed critical response and what was described as \"strong\" box-office returns by \"Playbill\". \"The New York Times\" remarked: \"Unlike many actors whose expertise derives from movies, [Thurman] has no trouble fully inhabiting, and projecting, even a jury-rigged character like [hers]. Her intelligence and, it has to be said, her innate glamour, make it possible to care about someone you do not believe in\". For her role, she won",
"psg_id": "847056"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "huge boost from instant name recognition the world over.\" Her Crimson Alberta Ferretti dress at the 72nd Academy Awards on March 26, 2000 remains among the most iconic dresses worn at the ceremony, with \"The Daily Telegraph\" voting it the 20th greatest red carpet gown of all time. In 2000, Thurman was selected as the face and spokeswoman of the cosmetics company Lancôme which named several shades of lipstick after her, though they were sold only in Asia. She sued the company in 2008 over the use of her image following her contract' expiration. In 2005, she became a brand",
"psg_id": "847061"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "to be too angry to talk about the case. A few weeks later, through an Instagram post, she joined the \"Me Too\" hashtag, confirming that she had suffered sexual harassment and expressing disgust for Harvey Weinstein. On February 3, 2018, in an interview with \"The New York Times\", Thurman revealed that Weinstein had sexually assaulted her in 1994 at the Savoy Hotel. She also revealed that she had been sexually assaulted by an actor 20 years her senior when she was 16 years old. In the same February 2018 \"New York Times\" interview, Thurman also described how she had been",
"psg_id": "847066"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "to 2011. He was arrested in October 2007 and, following a trial in which Thurman testified as a witness, was convicted of stalking and harassment charges the following May. Sentenced to three years probation, he was arrested again in 2010 on charges of violating a restraining order by attempting to contact her. He pleaded guilty in November 2011 after spending 11 months in jail in lieu of bail, and was released with time served. In 2017, following the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations, Thurman was interviewed, and, when asked about the scandal, she replied with a \"no comment\"; she claimed",
"psg_id": "847065"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "Cooper. On its review for the third episode of \"The Slap\", \"TV Overmind\" wrote that the production was a \"reminder as to why this actress has gone so far in her career\". In 2017, Thurman took on the recurring role of a fixer on the Bravo dark comedy series \"Imposters\", which ran for two seasons, and was named president of Cannes Film Festival \"Un Certain Regard\" jury for \"works which offer a unique perspective and aesthetic\". Thurman made her Broadway debut in \"The Parisian Woman\", a play written by Beau Willimon. Set in Washington, D.C., the production saw her star",
"psg_id": "847055"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "the Blues\". The film was a critical and commercial failure, eventually earning Thurman a Golden Raspberry Award nomination for Worst Actress. \"The Washington Post\" described her acting as shallow and remarked: \"Thurman's strangely passive characterization doesn't go much deeper than drawling and flexing her prosthetic thumbs\". Also in 1993, she starred as a waitress opposite Robert De Niro and Bill Murray in the drama \"Mad Dog and Glory\" and auditioned for Stanley Kubrick while he was casting for his eventually unrealized adaptation of the novel \"Wartime Lies\". In Quentin Tarantino's neo-noir black comedy \"Pulp Fiction\" (1994), Thurman portrayed Mia Wallace,",
"psg_id": "847034"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "10 years old, a friend's mother suggested a nose job. As a child, she suffered bouts of body dysmorphic disorder. She attended Amherst Public Schools. In the eighth grade she discovered her love for acting. Talent scouts noticed her performance as Abigail in a production of \"The Crucible\" and offered her the chance to act professionally. Thurman attended Northfield Mount Hermon School, a preparatory school in Massachusetts, before dropping out to pursue a career in acting. Thurman began her career as a fashion model at age 15, and signed with the agency Click Models. Her early modeling credits included \"Glamour\"",
"psg_id": "847029"
},
{
"title": "Robert Thurman",
"text": "Robert Thurman Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman (born August 3, 1941) is an American Buddhist author and academic who has written, edited, and translated several books on Tibetan Buddhism. He is the father of actor Uma Thurman. He is the Je Tsongkhapa Professor of Indo- Tibetan Buddhist Studies at Columbia University, holding the first endowed chair in this field of study in the United States. He also is the co-founder and president of the Tibet House New York and is active against the People's Republic of China's control of Tibet. He translated the Vimalakirti Sutra from the Tibetan Kanjur into English.",
"psg_id": "2665702"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "the Broadway.com Audience Award for Favorite Leading Actress in a Play. \"The Con Is On\", an independent heist comedy Thurman filmed in 2015, opposite Tim Roth, was released on May 4, 2018. Both actors played a con-artist couple planning a jewel heist in Los Angeles, after escaping from a notorious Russian gangster. She reunited with director Lars von Trier to play the first victim of a serial killer during the 1980s in his psychological horror film \"The House That Jack Built\", which premiered on May 14, 2018, at the Cannes Film Festival. In her next film, the supernatural thriller \"Down",
"psg_id": "847057"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "critical response upon their theatrical releases in 1996. In 1997, she starred opposite Ethan Hawke in \"Gattaca\", a science fiction film set in a future society driven by eugenics where potential children are conceived through genetic manipulation. The film received critical praise and became successful on the home video market, despite lackluster box office receipts. The \"Los Angeles Times\", however, wrote that Thurman was \"as emotionally uninvolved as ever\". Her next film role was that of supervillain Poison Ivy in \"Batman & Robin\" (1997). Budgeted at over US$125 million, the film grossed a modest US$238 million internationally and is often",
"psg_id": "847037"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "actions and policies carried out by the government of China as \"horrible\" and \"unspeakable crimes against humanity\". In 2011, Thurman was one of several celebrities associated with the USAID and Ad Council's FWD campaign, an awareness initiative tied to that year's East Africa drought. She joined Geena Davis, Chanel Iman and Josh Hartnett in TV and internet ads to \"forward the facts\" about the crisis. During the same year, she also participated at Human Rights Campaign for LGBT civil rights, saying \"We're fighting for a conservative value: the right to make a lifelong commitment to someone you love\". In 2015,",
"psg_id": "847069"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "Lane in a segment of the anthology film \"Movie 43\" (2013); all films were panned by critics and flopped at the box office. Writing for the \"New York Daily News\" in her review for \"Ceremony\", Elizabeth Weitzman noted: \"She gets stuck in so many small, undeserving projects, one has to wonder who's mapping out her career\". Thurman ventured into television in 2012, when she joined the cast of the drama series \"Smash\" in its first season, portraying the five-episode role of Rebecca Duvall, a Hollywood actress who wants to star in a new Broadway musical, despite having limited musical ability.",
"psg_id": "847052"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "women I've ever seen be truly women [while] holding a weapon\". Production was delayed for several months after Thurman became pregnant and Tarantino refused to recast the part. The film took nine months to shoot, and was filmed in five different countries. The role was also her most demanding, and she spent three months training in martial arts, swordsmanship, and Japanese. \"Kill Bill\" was originally set to be released as one film, however, due to its long running time, it was ultimately released in two parts. Both volumes scored highly with critics and audiences, subsequently developing a cult following. \"Rolling",
"psg_id": "847044"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "action film \"Kill Bill\" (2003–2004), portraying assassin Beatrix Kiddo, out for revenge against her former lover. Tarantino wrote the part specifically for her. He cited Thurman as his muse while writing the film, and gave her joint credit for the character, whom the two conceived on the set of \"Pulp Fiction\" from the sole image of a bride covered in blood. Thurman's main inspiration for the role was the title character of \"Coffy\" (played by Pam Grier) and the character of Gloria Swenson from \"Gloria\" (played by Gena Rowlands). She said that both of them are \"two of the only",
"psg_id": "847043"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "narrated the John Moran opera \"Book of the Dead (2nd Avenue)\" at The Public Theater. The historical drama \"Vatel\" (2000) saw Thurman play Anne de Montausier, the love interest of 17th-century French chef François Vatel, and in Richard Linklater's real-time drama \"Tape\" (2001), she starred as the former girlfriend of a drug dealer and volunteer firefighter (Ethan Hawke). She was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Female for her part in \"Tape\". Hawke directed her in \"Chelsea Walls\" (2001), a drama revolving a number of artists as they spend a single day in New York's famed bohemian",
"psg_id": "847041"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "considered one of the worst films of all time. Thurman's performance, however, was largely highlighted upon the film's premiere; the \"Houston Chronicle\" remarked that \"Thurman [...] sometimes seems to be doing Mae West by way of Jessica Rabbit\", and a similar comparison was made by \"The New York Times\": \"[L]ike Mae West, she mixes true femininity with the winking womanliness of a drag queen\". She obtained a Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Best Sci-fi Actress and was also nominated for Favourite Movie Actress at the Kids' Choice Awards. In 1998, she starred as a British secret agent in \"The Avengers\", another",
"psg_id": "847038"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "for Best Supporting Actress and launched into the celebrity A-list. She took little advantage of her new-found fame by choosing not to do any big-budget films for the next three years. During an interview with \"Time\" magazine in 2003, Tarantino, who considers Thurman his muse, remarked that she was \"up there with Garbo and Dietrich in goddess territory\". Thurman's next films, the romantic dramedy \"Beautiful Girls\", in which she played a fairly wise love interest, and the comedy \"The Truth About Cats & Dogs\", in which she starred as a ditzy blonde model, were modest commercial successes amid a positive",
"psg_id": "847036"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "and the December 1985 and May 1986 covers of British \"Vogue\". She made the transition to acting with her film debut, the teen thriller \"Kiss Daddy Goodnight\", which was released in 1987. Thurman was subsequently cast in three 1988 films — \"Johnny Be Good\", \"The Adventures of Baron Munchausen\" and most notably, \"Dangerous Liaisons\". In the comedy \"Johnny Be Good\", she played the girlfriend of a top high school quarterback prospect, and in \"The Adventures of Baron Munchausen\", she made a brief appearance as goddess Venus; during her entrance she briefly appears nude, in an homage to Botticelli's \"The Birth",
"psg_id": "847030"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "play the main role in both \"Kill Bill\" films (2003–2004), which brought her two additional Golden Globe Award nominations. Established as a leading Hollywood actress, her other notable films include \"Henry & June\" (1990), \"The Truth About Cats & Dogs\" (1996), \"Batman & Robin\" (1997), \"Gattaca\" (1997), \"Les Misérables\" (1998), \"The Producers\" (2005), \"My Super Ex-Girlfriend\" (2006), and Lars von Trier's \"Nymphomaniac\" (2013) and \"The House That Jack Built\" (2018). In 2011, Thurman was a member of the jury for the main competition at the 64th Cannes Film Festival, and in 2017, she was named president of the 70th edition's",
"psg_id": "847025"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "purposes, police records and legal proceedings. In the Spanish naming system, the middle name corresponds to the maternal surname. The middle name (or the maternal surname) is usually being abbreviated to a middle initial. Thus, a person with the full name \"Juan Santos Macaraig\", with \"Santos\" the middle name in the present order, may become \"Juan S. Macaraig\" with the middle name abbreviated, and \"Juan Macaraig y Santos\" in the Spanish system, such as those used in names on police records, especially those seen on name placards held by a convicted person on official mug shots. The Philippine system, using",
"psg_id": "2303828"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "\"given name-middle name-surname\" order (or \"Christian name-mother's surname-father's surname\") coincidentally follows the Portuguese naming system that uses two surnames, the first being maternal and the second being paternal. But, the maternal surname may not be the middle name at some cases. It may be a second given name, like what the term really means, as in \"Jose P. Laurel\", where \"P.\" (a middle initial) corresponds to \"Paciano\". In illegitimate children, the middle name is the maiden surname of the mother, and the middle name (maternal surname) of the mother as surname, but the surname become of the father's upon legal",
"psg_id": "2303829"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "heritage. In many cases in the United States, however, a person's middle name has little or no lineage-related context, and is used instead to honor close family friends or notable public figures. In the United States, those who choose to be known primarily by their middle name may abbreviate their first name as an initial, e.g. J. Edgar Hoover (John Edgar Hoover). Others simply omit the first name, like Woodrow Wilson (Thomas Woodrow Wilson). A rare case of an individual being given only an initial as a middle name, with the initial not explicitly standing for anything, was Harry S.",
"psg_id": "2303809"
},
{
"title": "The Con Is On",
"text": "The Con Is On The Con Is On (previously titled \"The Brits Are Coming\") is a 2018 heist comedy film directed by James Oakley and co-written by Alex Michaelides and Oakley. The film stars Uma Thurman, Tim Roth, Alice Eve, Sofía Vergara and Maggie Q. It was released in a limited release and through video on demand on May 4, 2018, by Lionsgate. A British con-artist couple, Harriet and Peter Fox plan a jewel heist in Los Angeles, after escaping from a notorious gangster, Irina. On May 14, 2015, it was announced that Uma Thurman would star in the jewel-heist",
"psg_id": "18998884"
},
{
"title": "Thurman Arnold",
"text": "was called the \"perfect advocate\") during the Hiss-Chambers Case.\" Arnold died on November 7, 1969. Thurman Arnold Jr. established a law firm in Palm Springs, California in 1953. Thurman Arnold Jr.'s son, Thurman Arnold III, joined his father's law firm in 1982 and is currently practicing law with an emphasis on Family Law in Palm Springs, California. George married and raised a family with Ellen Cameron Pearson, daughter of columnist Drew Pearson and granddaughter of Cissy Patterson, owner of the \"Washington Times-Herald\". Thurman Arnold Thurman Wesley Arnold (June 2, 1891 – November 7, 1969) was an iconoclastic Washington, D.C. lawyer.",
"psg_id": "4299966"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "P. Limchauco\"), once marrying \"Juan Pablo Sanchez Marasigan\" (or \"Juan Pablo S. Marasigan\") may take the name \"Maria Concepcion Perez Limchauco-Marasigan\" (or \"Ma. Concepcion P. Limchauco-Marasigan\"), maintaining the maternal surname \"Perez\", \"Maria Concepcion Limchauco Marasigan\" (or \"Ma. Concepcion L. Marasigan\"), taking the maiden surname \"Limchauco\" as middle name and \"Marasigan\" as married surname, or keep her maiden names, remaining \"Maria Concepcion Perez Limchauco\" upon marriage. In Argentina, most people have a middle name. According to a study, approximately 9 out of 10 Argentines born in 2010 had a middle name given to them. It used to be even more common",
"psg_id": "2303832"
},
{
"title": "UMA Today",
"text": "UMA Today UMA Today is an international consortium of companies joined together to lead the adoption of 3GPP UMA technology around the world. UMA is the commercial name for the global 3GPP Generic Access Network (GAN) standard for fixed-mobile convergence (FMC). UMA enables secure, scalable access to mobile voice, data and IMS services over broadband IP access networks. By deploying UMA, mobile operators can deliver a number of compelling FMC services. The most well-known applications of UMA include dual-mode Wi-Fi/cellular phones. Leading operators around the world have embraced UMA as the foundation for their FMC strategies, including France Telecom/Orange, T-Mobile",
"psg_id": "13453148"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman (song)",
"text": "joyriding and speeding in Trohman's McLaren given the keys by Wentz. Sarah mostly spends the day with Wentz doing some shopping, wearing bandanas in a gang-esque stickup, riding a dune buggy, playing paintball, flying in a windtunnel and crushing a pickup truck with a M1 Abrams tank with \"UMA\" painted twice. The truck has printed on the door \"Article 1 Section 36.03\". This likely refers to Alabama’s Supreme Court blocking same-sex marriage. Sarah also does karaoke with Stump and does a workout with Hurley. The video, like \"Irresistible\", references Stump's hands being chopped off once again. The video includes cameos",
"psg_id": "18526836"
},
{
"title": "Uma Ukpai",
"text": "Uma Ukpai Uma Ukpai (born January 7, 1945) is a Christian leader, an evangelist, and a preacher. Uma Ukpai is a Trustee of the Penticostal Fellowship of Nigeria (PFN) established in 1986. He is a Grand Patron, and a member of the National Advisory Council, of Penticostal Fellowship of Nigeria, PFN. Born in Asaga, Ohafia, Abia State, Uma Ukpai met Jesus Christ in 1958. He lost his father to death at the age of 10. Uma Ukpai describing how his early life challenges nearly impaired his career development remarked “I know what it means to lose a father and be",
"psg_id": "20056894"
},
{
"title": "Jealousy Is My Middle Name",
"text": "again about vengeance. It’s here that the film really starts to veer from the conventional path. Jealousy Is My Middle Name Jealousy Is My Middle Name () is a 2003 South Korean film. It won Best Film honors at the Busan International Film Festival and the Rotterdam Film Festival and was the directorial debut of Park Chan-ok. It was inspired by the poem of the same name by Ki Hyung-do. Quiet, intelligent, solemn and recently dumped by his girlfriend, graduate student Lee Weon-san (Park Hae-il) takes a job at a literary magazine, ostensibly to supplement his income, but really to",
"psg_id": "6981211"
},
{
"title": "Jealousy Is My Middle Name",
"text": "Jealousy Is My Middle Name Jealousy Is My Middle Name () is a 2003 South Korean film. It won Best Film honors at the Busan International Film Festival and the Rotterdam Film Festival and was the directorial debut of Park Chan-ok. It was inspired by the poem of the same name by Ki Hyung-do. Quiet, intelligent, solemn and recently dumped by his girlfriend, graduate student Lee Weon-san (Park Hae-il) takes a job at a literary magazine, ostensibly to supplement his income, but really to get close to the editor - the reason he’s now single. The editor (Moon Sung-keun), unaware",
"psg_id": "6981209"
},
{
"title": "Uma Thurman",
"text": "finds herself married while engaged to another man. Despite theatrical runs abroad, the film was released on DVD in North America due to financial problems with its distributor. She also took on the role of a cocaine addict in the British television drama \"My Zinc Bed\", which garnered what was considered poor ratings, especially given her involvement. In 2009's \"Motherhood\", she starred as a New York City mother whose dilemmas of marriage, work, and self are shown in the trials and tribulations of one pivotal day. \"I’ve never really played a realistic mom before,\" she said. Distributed for a limited",
"psg_id": "847049"
},
{
"title": "Tom Thurman",
"text": "Tom Thurman Tom Thurman (born March 26, 1962) is an American filmmaker. Since 1992, he has produced and directed 36 documentaries on art, film, music, sports and literary figures, including Nick Nolte, Warren Oates, Ben Johnson, Harry Crews, Jerry Wexler, Tod Browning, John Ford, Hunter S. Thompson and Sam Peckinpah. As a producer/writer for Kentucky Educational Television in Lexington, Thurman directs documentaries for the series \"Kentucky Muse\", a showcase for artists with Kentucky roots. Programs in this series created by Thurman include \"In the Garden of Music\" (about musician Harry Pickens), \"Picture This\" (about photographer Julius Friedman) and \"Crossing Mulholland\"",
"psg_id": "13263798"
},
{
"title": "Corey Thurman",
"text": "re-signed with them for the season. In December 2009, Thurman married Angela Day in York, PA. Said Thurman, \"I met a girl who loves to watch Sports Center--what else can you do?\" Thurman was released by the York Revolution on May 25, 2015; after five appearances on the season, Thurman had an 8.23 ERA over 19.2 innings. Thurman left the Revolution as the team's all-time leader in wins (66), games started (180), quality starts (60), innings pitched (980.1), and strikeouts (667). Thurman throws an 88-91 MPH four-seam fastball, an excellent changeup with good location at around 80 MPH, as well",
"psg_id": "11408408"
},
{
"title": "The Bride (Kill Bill)",
"text": "The Bride (Kill Bill) Beatrix Kiddo (primarily known as The Bride), codename Black Mamba, is a fictional character, the protagonist of the two-part movie \"Kill Bill\" directed by Quentin Tarantino. She is portrayed by Uma Thurman. Kiddo was selected by \"Empire\" magazine as one of \"The 100 Greatest Movie Characters\" of all time, and \"Entertainment Weekly\" named her as one of \"The 100 Greatest Characters of the Last 20 Years\". According to Uma Thurman, the character was created collaboratively during the filming of \"Pulp Fiction,\" with Thurman providing the character's first name and Tarantino her last name. After the release",
"psg_id": "6614351"
},
{
"title": "Odell Thurman",
"text": "mandatory according to the NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement. On June 2, 2008, \"Sports Illustrated\" reported Thurman, recently cut by the Bengals, had failed his second drug test in three seasons. Four days later, ESPN reported Thurman had been suspended by the NFL indefinitely. As part of the ruling, he could not apply for reinstatement until after the 2008 season. Thurman signed with the Florida Tuskers of the United Football League. In 2011, the team relocated to Virginia Beach, Virginia and became the Virginia Destroyers. Thurman has recently been spotted in attendance at his oldest son Odalyus's middle school football games",
"psg_id": "5305154"
},
{
"title": "Robert Thurman",
"text": "very best of translations of that important Indian Buddhist scripture. Donald S. Lopez, Jr., Professor at the University of Michigan, has claimed that Thurman's work, \"like so much of the work produced by American students of Tibetan Buddhism,\" shows \"a bias that is both scholastic and Geluk.\" In a 1996 interview for the \"Utne Reader\", Thurman answers those critics who accuse him of idealizing pre-1959 Tibet: Robert Thurman Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman (born August 3, 1941) is an American Buddhist author and academic who has written, edited, and translated several books on Tibetan Buddhism. He is the father of actor",
"psg_id": "2665710"
},
{
"title": "Tom Thurman",
"text": "and musician Merle Travis. Thurman is currently completing a documentary about famed Kentucky author Robert Penn Warren, the only American author to have received a Pulitzer Prize in poetry and fiction. This project is scheduled for broadcast on Kentucky Educational Television in fall 2018. Tom Thurman Tom Thurman (born March 26, 1962) is an American filmmaker. Since 1992, he has produced and directed 36 documentaries on art, film, music, sports and literary figures, including Nick Nolte, Warren Oates, Ben Johnson, Harry Crews, Jerry Wexler, Tod Browning, John Ford, Hunter S. Thompson and Sam Peckinpah. As a producer/writer for Kentucky Educational",
"psg_id": "13263811"
},
{
"title": "Rob Thurman",
"text": "Rob Thurman Robyn Thurman, writing under the name Rob Thurman, is a \"New York Times\" Best Selling American novelist. To date, she has written three series and two short stories, totaling 17 books, and has been published in the US, UK, Germany, and Japan. Her Cal Leandros series and her Trickster series share the same universe, and are classified as urban fantasy. Her Korsak Brothers series is a sci-fi thriller. In the short story anthology Wolfsbane and Mistletoe she was featured among other prominent urban fantasy writers like Charlaine Harris, Simon R. Green, Kat Richardson, and Patricia Briggs. Thurman did",
"psg_id": "10292276"
},
{
"title": "Odell Thurman",
"text": "at Jasper County Middle School, also in Thurman's hometown of Monticello, Georgia. Odell Thurman Odell Lamar Thurman (born July 9, 1983) is a former American football linebacker. He was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the second round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Georgia. Odell Thurman attended Jasper County High School in Monticello, Georgia. While there, he was a Macon Telegraph first team All-Purpose All-State selection at both linebacker and fullback, and won Class AA honorable mention All-State honors from the \"Atlanta Journal-Constitution\", and was invited to play in the 2001 Georgia-Florida all-star game. As",
"psg_id": "5305155"
},
{
"title": "Uma Sundari",
"text": "responsible for the famine. Uma Sundari cannot withstand these blames and leaves for Mahendrapuram with the children. At the same time, Rajashekara also starts for Rajadurgam. But they don’t meet in the middle. Rajashekara reaches Rayadurgam and Vijayarayulu accuses him and leaves the palace out of frustration. At Mahendrapuram, Neelaveni insults Uma Sundari and throws her out. Uma, out of hunger and anguish, drowns her children in a well. Rajashekara comes to know the facts and comes back to Mahendrapuram furiously and when he is about to kill Neelaveni, she commits suicide. Vijaya Rayalu becomes mad and roams like a",
"psg_id": "20669892"
},
{
"title": "Uma Sundari",
"text": "Uma Sundari Uma Sundari is a 1956 Telugu folklore film, produced by M. Somasundaram under the Jupiter Pictures Pvt. Ltd. banner and directed by P. Pullayya. It stars N. T. Rama Rao, Sriranjani Jr. in the lead roles and music composed by Ashwathama. Rajashekara (Chittor V. Nagaiah) is the king of Mahendrapura. He has a sister by the name of Uma Sundari (Sriranjani Jr.) whom he loves a lot. Queen Neelaveni (Kannamba) wants to marry Uma Sundari with her retarded brother Alankar Bhoopati (Relangi), but she refuses to marry him because she is already in love with Vijaya Rayulu (N.",
"psg_id": "20669890"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released",
"psg_id": "19789527"
},
{
"title": "Keith Thurman",
"text": "forward through the middle rounds and push Thurman on the back foot. Thurman backed off the championship rounds believing he had a comfortable enough lead to win the fight. MC Jimmy Lennon Jr. gave García false hope that he had won the fight when he announced WBA before WBC, making García believed he had won. In the post fight, Thurman credited his defensive work, \"I was not giving the fight away. I felt like we had a nice lead, [and] we could cool down. I felt like we were controlling the three-minute intervals every round. My defense was effective. He",
"psg_id": "14798925"
},
{
"title": "Keith Thurman",
"text": "and was deemed to be a difficult opponent. After a slow start Thurman took over the fight in the middle rounds as he floored Soto Karass in the fifth round before landing a brutal combination in the ninth round sending Soto Karass to the canvas for a second time in the fight and stopping him. Thurman was ahead on all the cards (79-72, 78-73 & 80-71) and turned another strong performance. Thurman boxed patiently, cautiously and smartly, pacing himself and respecting Soto Karass' hand power despite Soto Karass' lack of hand speed. With many prospects and potential good match-ups at",
"psg_id": "14798909"
},
{
"title": "My Name Is My Name",
"text": "\"A few poor production choices and uneven sequencing do slow the album, but it shows flashes of real brilliance. The best tracks here are produced by Kanye and Pharrell, and they're concentrated at the beginning and end. The smattering in the middle of the tracklist is handled by host of collaborators, not all of them effectively complimenting Pusha's rawness. While not the defining statement it could’ve been, \"My Name Is My Name\" shows different sides of Pusha T as he becomes a more multidimensional rapper.\" Jabbari Weekes of \"Exclaim!\" said, \"A majority of \"My Name Is My Name\"'s sounds are",
"psg_id": "16953083"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "initial), with or without periods, is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States, where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one. The middle name can also be a maiden name. Since 1905, \"middle name\" has also developed a figurative usage meaning a notable or outstanding attribute of a person, as in the phrase \"discretion is my middle name.\" In countries that primarily speak English—such as Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom—the forename of a relative is sometimes used as one's middle name to honor familial",
"psg_id": "2303808"
},
{
"title": "American Beauty/American Psycho",
"text": "\"Alternative Press\" described it as a \"mix of fluid grooves, punky riffs and outré pop sensibilities.\" The title track is Patrick Stump's favorite track from the album; he stated, \"It's the right level of artistically interesting, but also just fun.\" The track \"Uma Thurman\" is named after the American actress, and samples \"The Munsters\"'s theme song. Thurman heard the song and allowed the band to legally use her name. \"Irresistible\" is an \"arena-rocking\" horn-driven song about deadly love, with lyricist Pete Wentz drawing inspiration from the fatal attraction between Sex Pistols bassist Sid Vicious and Nancy Spungen. The track \"Fourth",
"psg_id": "18421261"
},
{
"title": "Uma Ukpai",
"text": "a father from that age. I know what it is to save money to pay school fees. So, I have feelings for the poor. I learnt early enough to know that the stone satan throws at you can become a stepping stone.” He attended Uma Ukpai Memorial Primary School, Asaga, and Khana County Council School, Ogoni. Uma passed through All Saints Secondary School, Aba, and Niger Delta Technical School, now Boys Technical College, Aba. Uma Ukpai graduated from the School of Journalism and Television, Frisham, Hermitage, United Kingdom; South Florida Christian College Miami, Florida, USA; Carolina Christian University and Burke",
"psg_id": "20056895"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Middle name In several cultures, a middle name is a portion of a personal name that is written between the person's given name and their surname. A person may be given a middle name regardless of whether it's necessary to distinguish them from other people with the same given name and surname. In cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname, additional names are likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname, and thus called middle names. In English-speaking American culture, that term is often applied (arguably mistakenly) to names occupying that position",
"psg_id": "2303804"
},
{
"title": "The Avengers (1998 film)",
"text": "on the truncated released cut of the film, \"New York Times\"'s Janet Maslin noted, \"At a pared-down, barely rational 90 minutes, \"The Avengers\" is short but not short enough.\" In 2003, \"Total Film\" magazine voted Fiennes and Thurman in \"The Avengers\" as \"The Worst Movie Double Act Of All Time\". The Avengers (1998 film) The Avengers is a 1998 American action spy film adaptation of the British television series of the same name directed by Jeremiah Chechik. It stars Ralph Fiennes and Uma Thurman as secret agents John Steed and Emma Peel, and Sean Connery as Sir August de Wynter,",
"psg_id": "3078974"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "convention of putting the given name after the family name. In Denmark and Norway, the term middle name refers to names that are originally surnames, but not part of the last name of the name bearer. The term middle name does not refer to additional given names, which are instead referred to as given names. A middle name could be e.g. one's mother's maiden name or the last name of another recent ancestor (for instance a grandparent). One can have several middle names, but it is unusual to have more than one or two. In law, middle names have a",
"psg_id": "2303817"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Scandinavians choose to use their middle name as their surname in everyday life. So Per Gottfrid Svartholm Warg has Per and Gottfrid as his given names, where Gottfrid, not Per, is his name of address, Svartholm as his middle name and Warg as his last name, but in practice he uses Svartholm as a surname. This usage, however, is unofficial. Historically, a middle name could become part of a double-barreled surname (family name) and hence cease to be a middle name, especially if used for several generations. There are many family names of this kind, which contributes to the confusion",
"psg_id": "2303824"
},
{
"title": "Howard Thurman",
"text": "Columbia in 1932. He served there from 1932 to 1944. He also served on the faculty of the Howard University School of Divinity. Thurman traveled broadly, heading Christian missions and meeting with world figures such as Mahatma Gandhi. When Thurman asked Gandhi what message he should take back to the United States, Gandhi said he regretted not having made nonviolence more visible as a practice worldwide and famously remarked \"It may be through the Negroes that the unadulterated message of nonviolence will be delivered to the world.\". In 1944, Thurman left his tenured position at Howard to help the Fellowship",
"psg_id": "4257879"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "long existence in North America, the phrase \"middle name\" was not recorded until 1835, in the periodical \"Harvardiana\". The use of multiple middle names has been somewhat impeded recently by the increased use of computer databases that occasionally allow for only a single middle name or more commonly a middle initial in storing personal records, effectively preventing people with multiple middle names from being listed in such databases under their full name. This is worsened by longer compound names, like María del Pilar Pereyra or María de las Nieves García. The abbreviation \"N.M.N.\" (no middle name) or \"N.M.I.\" (no middle",
"psg_id": "2303807"
},
{
"title": "Uma Singh",
"text": "Uma Singh Uma Singh ( ca. 1983 – January 11, 2009), a Nepalese journalist for the \"Janakpur Today\" newspaper and Radio Today FM radio station from Janakpur, Nepal in the Terai region, focused on women's rights before she was murdered for her journalism and close connection with women's activism. According to BBC News, Singh was the first female journalist to be killed in Nepal. Uma Singh was a twenty-six-year-old female who lived in Janakpur, Nepal. Singh was born in Siraha District, Gamahariya VDC, Maheshput Ward 4. Singh's mother name that was still living name Sushila Devi Singh. Singh was cremated",
"psg_id": "12918340"
},
{
"title": "Thurman Thomas",
"text": "Thurman Thomas Thurman Lee Thomas (born May 16, 1966) is a former American football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL) for the Buffalo Bills and Miami Dolphins. Thomas was elected to the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2007 and into the College Football Hall of Fame in 2008. Thomas was an important part of the Bills \"no-huddle offense\" that won four consecutive AFC championships. Thomas was born in Houston, Texas. He grew up playing football on the Missouri City Junior High School (now Missouri City Middle School) and Willowridge High School teams. During",
"psg_id": "4100379"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Luis Fernandez can be better distinguished if arranged as Luis Antonio Fernandez, José Luis Fernandez, Luis Eduardo Fernandez, etc.). Middle name In several cultures, a middle name is a portion of a personal name that is written between the person's given name and their surname. A person may be given a middle name regardless of whether it's necessary to distinguish them from other people with the same given name and surname. In cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname, additional names are likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname, and thus",
"psg_id": "2303834"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "to themselves. The \"zì\" or \"hào\" can be used independently of the given name and of each other, but the given name is almost always used with the family name in official situations. Some Chinese Americans move their Chinese given name (transliterated into the Latin alphabet) to the middle name position and use an English first name, e.g. James Chu-yu Soong, Jerry Chih-Yuan Yang, and Michelle Wingshan Kwan. The Chinese given name usually has two characters which are usually combined into a single middle name for better organizational purposes, especially with Cantonese names, such as Bruce Lee's middle name, Junfan.",
"psg_id": "2303815"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "even if the bearer would insist that that name is being mistakenly called a \"middle name\", and is actually (to mention several types of common cases): In the United States, such names are specifically referred to as middle names; in most other countries, as far as they are given names and not, for example, patronymics, they would simply be regarded as second, third etc. given names. In the U.S., the \"middle name\" is often abbreviated to the middle initial (e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi, which is usually standard for signatures) or omitted entirely in everyday use (e.g.",
"psg_id": "2303805"
},
{
"title": "Thurman, Colorado",
"text": "Thurman, Colorado Thurman is an unincorporated community in Washington County, Colorado, United States. The US Post Office at Anton (ZIP 80801) serves Thurman. Thurman was established about 1902. The Thurman Post Office opened in July 1904, but closed on August 10, 1924. The town once boasted a population of over 150 people, but declined after the 1924 tornado. Thurman is located at (39.590648,-103.210749). Thurman is located at the intersection along unpaved county roads County Roads 3 and CC, 9 miles south of Anton in southern Washington County, about 6 miles north of the Lincoln county line. On Sunday August 10,",
"psg_id": "14369647"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Løkke, derived from a small agricultural property, so he uses it as a middle name, which differentiates him from other people named Lars Rasmussen. In Sweden, the position is much the same as in Denmark. Middle names were inaugurated in the previous Name Act of 1963, then called \"tilläggsnamn\" (additional name), and are called \"mellannamn\" (middle name) as of the present Name Act of 1983. However, it had previously been more common to join e.g. the last names of both of a child's parents, or for a married woman to join her maiden name and the husband's last name, as",
"psg_id": "2303822"
},
{
"title": "UMA Today",
"text": "(USA), Rogers Wireless, TeliaSonera and Cincinnati Bell. UMA Today publishes the UMA Today Magazine hosts Webinars, sends news alerts to a subscription list and is involved in other industry activity to promote UMA technology. In addition, UMA Today co-sponsored the UMA Innovation Awards with Orange/France Telecom in 2008 and 2009. As of October 2010, T-Mobile USA announced it was using Kineto Wireless Smart Wi-Fi technology as the enabling technology for its Wi-Fi Calling service offer. UMA Today UMA Today is an international consortium of companies joined together to lead the adoption of 3GPP UMA technology around the world. UMA is",
"psg_id": "13453149"
}
] | [
"karunā",
"karuna",
"karuna (disambiguation)"
] |
vehicles from which country use the international registration letter lar? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "system is used for vehicles belonging to the diplomats of foreign countries with license plate from the host country. That system is host country-specific and varies largely from country to country. For example TR on a diplomatic car in the USA indicates Italian, not Turkish. Such markings in Norway are indicated with numbers only, again different from international standards (e.g. 90 means Slovakian. International vehicle registration code The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued may be indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark.",
"psg_id": "2490784"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "International vehicle registration code The country in which a motor vehicle's vehicle registration plate was issued may be indicated by an international licence plate country code, formerly known as an International Registration Letter or International Circulation Mark. The sign must be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. The sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate, or be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate. The allocation of codes is maintained by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe as the \"Distinguishing Signs Used on Vehicles in International Traffic\" (sometimes abbreviated to DSIT), authorised by the UN's Geneva",
"psg_id": "2490779"
},
{
"title": "International Registration Plan",
"text": "the vehicle is valid to do business in and how much weight it is registered to carry. Two major transportation companies under IRP are U Haul and Greyhound Lines. Apportionable Vehicles: any vehicle intended for use of transporting a person for hire or property, within the contiguous United States and/or Canadian provinces, that drives on: Exceptions: recreational vehicles, vehicles displaying restricted plates, buses used in the transportation of chartered parties, government-owned vehicles International Registration Plan The International Registration Plan (IRP) is a registration reciprocity agreement between the contiguous United States and Canadian provinces, which provides apportioned payments of registration fees,",
"psg_id": "10040267"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh",
"text": "letter is the \"D\" from the sample format \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\" and the vehicle class number is the \"11\" from the sample format \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\", which depends on the vehicle type. Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use the Bengali alphabet and Bengali numerals. The current version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"city - vehicle class letter and number - vehicle number\".",
"psg_id": "16284066"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malta",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Malta Maltese registration plates are the number plates used within Malta to uniquely identify motor vehicles. Since 1995, the three letter, three number system (ZZZ 999) has been in use in Malta for vehicle registration. The characters are always printed in black on a white background, and to the left one can find a blue box with the Flag of Europe and the letter M (for Malta) underneath it in white. The typeface used on Maltese registration plates is FE-Schrift which is also the typeface used on German vehicle registration plates. All privately owned vehicles are",
"psg_id": "7002661"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom",
"text": "registration. The available range was then codice_33 to codice_34, the numbers 1–20 being held back for the government's proposed, and later implemented, DVLA select registration sales scheme. Towards the mid-1990s there was some discussion about introducing a unified scheme for Europe, which would also incorporate the country code of origin of the vehicle, but after much debate such a scheme was not adopted because of lack of countries willing to participate. The changes in 1983 also brought the letter Q into use – although on a very small and limited scale. It was used on vehicles of indeterminate age, such",
"psg_id": "16685409"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of East Timor",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of East Timor Vehicle registration plates of East Timor are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use Australian stamping dies. East Timor requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Vehicle registration numbers consist of five digits, and display the letters TL or TLS, short for \"Timor Lorosae\", the name for East Timor in Tetum. The current format started in 2002. Government vehicles have a similar format, but with four digits and the letter 'G'. When the country was a Portuguese colony, known as Portuguese Timor, vehicle registrations followed the",
"psg_id": "16284075"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Switzerland",
"text": "the international organisation 035. The number 79 is a sequence number within the same organisation. The first numbers of the serial number are reserved for the head of the agency or organization and his deputies. The second numbers of the serial number are the country of registration: Vehicle registration plates of Switzerland Swiss car number plates consist of a two letter code for the canton followed by up to 6 numerical digits. The rear plates also contain small shields representing the flags of Switzerland and the canton. For official vehicles, the two letter code is replaced by a one letter",
"psg_id": "8802486"
},
{
"title": "LAR-160",
"text": "LAR-160 The LAR-160 is a light artillery rocket (hence \"LAR\") with a 160mm calibre, a minimum range of 12 km and a maximum range of 45 km, from a multiple rocket launcher. Each standard launcher holds two 13 rocket Launch Pod Containers (LPC's) for truck or trailer mounting, 18 rocket LPC's for medium armored vehicle's (AMX-13, TAM) and 25 rocket LPC's for mounting on a MBT chassis. A light version is also manufactured which can be carried by helicopters and towed behind vehicles such as a HMMWV. The LAR-160 was designed in the late 1970s by Israel Military Industries, it",
"psg_id": "13864370"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan",
"text": "letters identifying the non-individual car (for example: A 001 AA) or of a single letter identifying the area and three digits and three letters identifying the individual car (for example: A 585 CUO) Special registration plates also exist. Cars registered to non-Kazakh individuals and organizations have registration plates with black letters on a yellow background. Diplomatic vehicles use registration plates with white letters on a red background. Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan The current format of Vehicle registration plates of Kazakhstan uses black letters on a white background with a Kazakh Flag and the country code KZ on the left.",
"psg_id": "12946601"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Bangladesh In Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use the Bengali alphabet and Bengali numerals. The current version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"city - vehicle class letter and number - vehicle number\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali letters, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali letters, the \"11\" field represents",
"psg_id": "16284064"
},
{
"title": "Diplomatic vehicle registration plate",
"text": "diplomatic license plates vary from country to country. They often feature the letters \"CD\" (for \"\"Corps Diplomatique\"\"), \"D\" (for \"Diplomat\") or prefix of international organisations with diplomatic privileges, such as \"EU\" (for \"EUROPEAN UNION\") and \"OSCE\" (for \"Organization For Security And Co-operation In Europe\"). Diplomatic vehicle registration plate Most countries issue diplomatic license plates to accredited diplomats. Per the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations, these are special vehicle registration plates which typically have distinctive features to allow diplomatic vehicles to be distinguished from other vehicles by police and other bodies, allowing them to give diplomatic vehicles special treatment and warning",
"psg_id": "19208539"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "of the member state in which the vehicle was registered. Lettering on the plate must be black on a white or yellow reflective background. According to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, vehicles in cross-border traffic are obliged to display a distinguishing sign of the country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. This sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate or may be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate. With registration plates in the common EU format, vehicles registered in the EU are no longer required to carry an international code plate or sticker for",
"psg_id": "1795222"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malta",
"text": "Malta used the format Z-9999 (a letter and 4 numbers, with a hyphen between the letter and the first number). Towards the right there was the letter M (for Malta) in a circle. Although all characters were printed in black, the background colour varied according to the vehicle's use: Vehicle registration plates of Malta Maltese registration plates are the number plates used within Malta to uniquely identify motor vehicles. Since 1995, the three letter, three number system (ZZZ 999) has been in use in Malta for vehicle registration. The characters are always printed in black on a white background, and",
"psg_id": "7002664"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "Concurrent use registration A concurrent use registration, in United States trademark law, is a federal trademark registration of the same trademark to two or more unrelated parties, with each party having a registration limited to a distinct geographic area. Such a registration is achieved by filing a concurrent use application (or by converting an existing application to a concurrent use application) and then prevailing in a concurrent use proceeding before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (\"TTAB\"), which is a judicial body within the United States Patent and Trademark Office (\"USPTO\"). A concurrent use application may be filed with respect",
"psg_id": "7291713"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "M, diplomatique plates are white with NG wrote in red, company members vehicles are also white registration plate bearing LD letters in black. Military registration plates are red with white letter. For example, 51X-XXXX would be used for civilian vehicles, 80X-XXXX with blue background for central government vehicles, 80-NG-XXX-XX for diplomatic vehicles, TC-XX-XX for military vehicles and XXLD-XXX.XX for company vehicles. In the European Union (EU), white or yellow number plates of a common format and size are issued throughout, although they are still optional in some member states. Nevertheless, some individual member states still use differing non-EU formats -",
"psg_id": "1795220"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "use a mark within a fifty-mile radius around a handful of selected cities or counties, while the other party owns the right to use the same mark everywhere else in the country. It may even divide the rights to use a mark within a particular city by reference to roads or other landmarks in that city. The TTAB succinctly describes its territorial analysis in \"Weiner King, Inc. v. Wiener King Corp.\": The TTAB has found that in concurrent use proceedings, \"[t]he area for which registration is sought is usually more extensive than the area in which applicant is actually using",
"psg_id": "7291729"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonian registration plates of vehicle consist of a two-letter region code, followed by a 4-digit numeric (before 2012 was 3-digits) and a 2-letter alpha code (e.g. SK 2345 MG). There is a blue field on the left side with the international country code for Macedonia - MK. License numeric code contains combination of four digits (0-9), while two letter alpha code is made of combination of letters using English alphabetical order. The standard registration plates of vehicle, dimensions are 520 × 110 mm. Issuance of current registration plates started from February 20,",
"psg_id": "10263793"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the German Democratic Republic",
"text": "embassy staff were issued plates which featured white alphanumerics on a reddish-brown background, whilst those of foreign nationals were the more familiar white-on-blue. In both cases, the two-letter prefix identified the vehicle's function, whilst the first two digits indicated the country it belonged to. Diplomatic plates always began with the letter C, whilst those assigned to foreigners were prefixed with Q. The following table lists these prefixes: List of numerical embassy codes: Vehicle registration plates of the German Democratic Republic East German vehicle registration plates were issued in the former German Democratic Republic between 1953 and 1990. Vehicles whose cylinder",
"psg_id": "17118681"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Saudi Arabia",
"text": "registration plates. All plates have a white background, but several vehicle types may have a different background on the right side which contains the coat of arms, the country name abbreviation and official seal. That side has blue background for trucks and utility vehicles, yellow for public transport and taxis, and green for diplomatic vehicles. The diplomatic plates have also another row containing the C.D. and .هـ.د abbreviations, above the registration number. This renders the rows containing the registration number and its translation smaller, having a little smaller font height for letters and numbers. The letter combinations for diplomatic plates",
"psg_id": "14965248"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "to a trademark which is already registered or otherwise in use by another party, but may be allowed to go forward based on the assertion that the existing use can co-exist with the new registration without causing consumer confusion. The authority for this type of registration is set forth in the Lanham Act, which permits concurrent use registration where the concurrent use applicant made a good-faith adoption of the mark prior to the registrant filing an application for registration. Such registrations are most commonly achieved by agreement of the parties involved, although the USPTO must still determine that no confusion",
"psg_id": "7291714"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "new brand name, and the registration will lapse. In other cases, the larger company will eventually acquire the smaller. A final note is that concurrent use registration was devised before the advent of the Internet, which serves to diminish geographic distinctions between sellers. John L. Welch, a Harvard-educated attorney who writes a well-known blog on the proceedings of the TTAB, has noted that \"vigorously contested proceedings may well make it clear that concurrent use registrations are, in this Internet Age, a dying breed\". Concurrent use registration A concurrent use registration, in United States trademark law, is a federal trademark registration",
"psg_id": "7291737"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Palestinian National Authority",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Palestinian National Authority The Palestinian National Authority requires their residents register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. There are two different systems of registration plates: One for West Bank and other in Gaza Strip. Generally, registration plates in the West Bank have the Latin letter \"P\" for Palestine or Palestinian Authority on the right side; above that, the Arabic letter (Faa') for (') or ('). Private vehicles have white plates with green numbers, the numbers have seven digits, the first shows the district (governorate) of the registration: Y-XXXX-ZX Vehicles serving the public transport",
"psg_id": "12624635"
},
{
"title": "International Registration Plan",
"text": "International Registration Plan The International Registration Plan (IRP) is a registration reciprocity agreement between the contiguous United States and Canadian provinces, which provides apportioned payments of registration fees, based on the total distance operated in participating jurisdictions, to them. IRP's fundamental principle is to promote and encourage the fullest possible use of the highway system. The benefit of this plan is that a carrier may be registered in only his/her home state, yet legally engage in interstate commerce. Each carrier vehicle only needs one specially marked \"Apportioned\", \"APP\", or \"PRP\" license plate, and a cab card which lists each jurisdiction",
"psg_id": "10040266"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Portugal",
"text": "had a temporary licence code: TE. However, as the zonal registration system was abandoned relatively soon afterwards, most of these sequences were not used as zonal identifiers. In the early 1980s the reservation of letter sequences by zone was discontinued, and vehicles were registered sequentially at a national level, so that letter combinations previously reserved for Oporto and Coimbra might be seen on vehicles registered in the Lisbon offices of the National Registration Office. In 1985, diplomatic plates adopted the format 000-CD000, 000-CC000 or 000-FM000, with the first three numbers a country identifier, and the last three sequential. In March",
"psg_id": "9061096"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United States",
"text": "the issuing jurisdiction. The term \"license plate\" is frequently used in statutes, although in some areas \"tag\" is informally used. The official three letter ISO international code attributed to the United States is USA. Plate designs often contain symbols, colors, or slogans associated with the issuing jurisdiction. Registration number formats, typically alphanumeric, are designed to provide enough unique numbers for all motor vehicles a jurisdiction expects to register. For example, the small states of Delaware and Rhode Island are able to use formats of 123456, while California uses the seven-character format 1ABC234, and several other populous states use seven-character ABC-1234",
"psg_id": "5274000"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom",
"text": "organisations are issued unique vehicle registration marks. Eligible officials are required to be accredited by the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) who liaise with Specialist Registrations at the Driver & Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) for issuance. Guidance document: INF267 (4/18) has been produced by the DVLA for accredited officials. The distinguishing format is three numbers, space, letter D or X, space and three numbers. The letter D is predominately used for vehicles operated in or around the capital of London with the letter X allocated to vehicles outside London and for international organisations, unless otherwise stated by bilateral treaty or",
"psg_id": "16685429"
},
{
"title": "Beni Lar",
"text": "this to the House and it was passed in part because of her point that because Nigeria is a secular state, religion and national values should be separated . Lar is currently running for the 2019 House reelection. \"“We must say things that will cause the country to grow.” Beni Lar Beni Lar is a politician of the People's Democratic Party from Plateau State, Nigeria. She is the eldest daughter of Solomon Lar, a former Governor of Plateau State and Prof. Mary Lar. She says, “My father taught me that there is no difference between a male and a female",
"psg_id": "18161365"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Israel",
"text": "and carry special registration plates, which in addition to the registration number contain the words (lit. \"collectibles\" vehicle). These vehicles, exempt from annual registration costs, may not be driven before 9am. Since February 2011, self-imported antique vehicles are allocated a number plate with the 55 suffix. <Br><Br> Police registration plates are rectangular with red background and embossed with white registration number. Police registration numbers consist of the letter Mem (מ), representing the word \"\"Mishtara\"\" (police) and the number, which is issued according to the seniority of the car holder. The number of the main car of the General commissioner of",
"psg_id": "12617407"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "to acquire such a registration are set forth in the TBMP Chapter 1100. They are initiated when a concurrent use application is submitted to the USPTO, which will initiate a concurrent use proceeding to determine if the applicant is entitled to such registration. An existing application that has been denied registration because of a conflict with an existing mark may be converted into a concurrent use application against that existing mark. In either case, the applicant must assert that its mark was used in commerce before the owner of the existing registration, called the \"senior registrant\", had filed its own",
"psg_id": "7291721"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Palestinian National Authority",
"text": "Hebrew letter in a white or orange field on the left side that identified the origin of the car's holder. Vehicle registration plates of the Palestinian National Authority The Palestinian National Authority requires their residents register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. There are two different systems of registration plates: One for West Bank and other in Gaza Strip. Generally, registration plates in the West Bank have the Latin letter \"P\" for Palestine or Palestinian Authority on the right side; above that, the Arabic letter (Faa') for (') or ('). Private vehicles have white plates with green numbers,",
"psg_id": "12624638"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "and 1 million in 2025. The government exempted selected vehicles from registration fee and road taxes. The exemption from the registration tax ended in 2013. Battery electric vehicles have special access to parking spaces in Amsterdam, queues for which can otherwise reach up to 10 years. Free charging is offered in public parking spaces. Other factors contributing to the rapid adoption of plug-in electric vehicles are the Netherlands' small size, which reduces range anxiety; a long tradition of environmental activism; high gasoline prices ( per gallon as of January 2013); and some EV leasing programs that provide free or discounted",
"psg_id": "14464118"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "the pendency of the federal litigation, which resulted in a judgment in 1973 authorizing the Myrtle Beach hotel to use a distinctive, noninfringing Holiday Inn service mark within the Town of Myrtle Beach. The concurrent use proceeding resumed, and in 1976, the United States Court of Customs and Patent Appeals awarded the Myrtle Beach hotel a federal trademark registration. Even where a concurrent use registration is issued, the parties may eventually come to an agreement under which one party will surrender its registration. In some instances, a party will simply happen to cease using the mark in favor of a",
"psg_id": "7291736"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Europe",
"text": "One of the main benefits of the convention for motorists is the obligation on signatory countries to recognise the legality of vehicles from other signatory countries. The following requirements must be met when driving outside the country of registration: Vehicle registration plates of each country are described in the following table: Motorcycle plates are used for motorcycles and vehicles where mounting space is an issue, such as taxis which display their licence plate beside the registration plate, and vehicles imported from countries where the mounting space was not originally designed to take European-sized plates (e.g. USA). Vehicle registration plates of",
"psg_id": "5304620"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Northern Territory",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Northern Territory The Northern Territory requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current regular issue plates are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use standard Australian stamping dies. The Northern Territory has never fully adopted the 1950s three letter, three number Federal scheme. It was proposed to receive XAA-000 to XZZ-999 that Western Australia later took up. Prior to 1933 Registration plates in the NT was between Central Australia and Northern Australia for 5 years, as NA & CA has their own registration plates until the merger",
"psg_id": "20785544"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union Vehicle registration plates (Russian: Регистрационные знаки транспортных средств, \"Registracionny'e znaki transportny'kh sredstv\", lit. \"Registration Plates of Vehicles\") were used in the Soviet Union for registrations of automobiles, motorcycles, heavy machinery, special-use vehicles as well as construction equipment, military vehicles and trailers. Every vehicle registration plate consists of a unique registration mark (also known as a registration number) embossed on a metal plate or a plate made of other materials. All vehicles were required to display the plates on the front side and backside, with the exception of trailers and motorcycles, which were only",
"psg_id": "19836217"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of France",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of France Vehicle registration plates are mandatory number plates used to display the \"registration mark\" of a vehicle registered in France. They have existed in the country since 1901. It is compulsory for most motor vehicles used on public roads to display them. In French, vehicle registration plates are called ' or '. The latter makes a reference to the national mining administration, which was responsible for issuing the plates in the early 20th century. Since 1901, various systems have been successively introduced, the most recent dating from 2009. The registration plates issued since 2009 use a",
"psg_id": "5917360"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the German Democratic Republic",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of the German Democratic Republic East German vehicle registration plates were issued in the former German Democratic Republic between 1953 and 1990. Vehicles whose cylinder capacity was less than 50 cm were exempt from registration. The plates remained legal until the end of 1993, when all vehicles had to be re-registered to the West German system. The plates' appearance remained largely constant during the 37 years in which they were issued. Black alphanumerics rendered in a condensed version of DIN 1451 were used (although other fonts have also been observed), with the first letter indicating the \"bezirk\"",
"psg_id": "17118677"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia",
"text": "which Greek border guards cover the letters \"MK\" on Macedonian vehicle plates with a sticker, in Greek and English, reading: “Recognized by Greece as FYROM”. Vehicle registration plates of the Republic of Macedonia Macedonian registration plates of vehicle consist of a two-letter region code, followed by a 4-digit numeric (before 2012 was 3-digits) and a 2-letter alpha code (e.g. SK 2345 MG). There is a blue field on the left side with the international country code for Macedonia - MK. License numeric code contains combination of four digits (0-9), while two letter alpha code is made of combination of letters",
"psg_id": "10263796"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "a term in the agreement that \"nothing in this agreement will preclude Amalgamated New York from conducting advertising which might enter in the State of Illinois or from dealing with customers who happen to be located in the State of Illinois.\" Courts have similarly held that a concurrent use registration does not curtail either party from advertising over the Internet, particularly where the junior user includes a disclaimer of some form on their website. A concurrent use registration can be very detailed in the geographic divisions laid down. It may, for example, allow one party to own the right to",
"psg_id": "7291728"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia",
"text": "the vehicles through the Road Transport Department and will be given RFID tags, which is only done at their land checkpoints. Those who have different set of plates, having difficulties to read or using the illegal font (FE-Schrift) will not be allowed through. Vehicles with Malaysian registration plates intended to be driven in countries beyond neighbouring countries are often required to carry an oval international number plate or sticker denoting the vehicle's country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. The current code for Malaysian international plates, introduced in 1967, is MAL. Historically, a considerable number of codes were",
"psg_id": "6766041"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "will be caused. The authority of the USPTO to issue a concurrent use registration is set forth in the Lanham Act, section 2 (d), enacted in 1947 and coded at , which states in relevant part: Through these provisions, the Act effectively places three requirements on marks for which a later applicant seeks a concurrent use registration: The statute essentially codifies the \"Tea Rose-Rectanus\" doctrine\", established by the United States Supreme Court in two cases decided in 1916 and 1918. The Court had established in those cases that a junior user of a mark that is geographically remote from the",
"psg_id": "7291715"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Gambia",
"text": "would denote Banjul), followed by four numbers and another letter. Motorbikes under the current scheme swap the final letter for 'MC' (which stands for Motorcycle). From 1999 the current white-on-black colour scheme was introduced, which is similar to an older scheme dating from before independence. The MC in motorcycle plates was moved to the front. Diplomatic plates are white-on-green. Three letters which denote the country or organization are followed by two numbers and 'CD'. Vehicle registration plates of the Gambia Number plates of the Gambia are the same size as their British counterparts and generally use a similar font, although",
"psg_id": "14396460"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "applicant's registration to permit exclusive use in Maryland, and within 50 miles of the first applicant's restaurant in areas crossing into other states. Furthermore, although the general rule provides that the entire United States should be covered by the respective registrations, it is permissible for parties to a proceeding to resolve the issue of territorial rights in a way that leaves some part of the country uncovered entirely. In a contested proceeding \"In re Beatrice Foods Co.\", the court held that the senior user of a mark was entitled to a registration covering the entire United States, outside of the",
"psg_id": "7291732"
},
{
"title": "LAR-160",
"text": "electrohydraulic system, which is backed up by a manual system. When the system is fitted on a wheeled chassis, two hydraulically operated stabilisers are lowered to the ground to provide a more stable firing platform. The system was used extensively by the Georgian Army against Russian and South Ossetian Forces in the 2008 South Ossetia War, Systems showed to be extremely effective against Ossetian static targets and large Russian convoys, LAR systems were credited for destroying many Russian trucks and disabling armored vehicles. Romania uses a domestic version of the LAR-160, called LAROM and Argentina uses a domestic version as",
"psg_id": "13864373"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "the entire United States. Thus, the grant of a concurrent use registration carves out some geographic territory from the senior registrant's exclusive control. As 15 U.S.C. § 1052 (d) indicates, a concurrent use registration may also be issued \"when a court of competent jurisdiction has finally determined that more than one person is entitled to use the same or similar marks in commerce.\" As a matter of right, the TTAB will issue such a registration pursuant to a court order that an applicant has the right to use its mark in certain geographic area. Where a court has issued such",
"psg_id": "7291724"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Israel",
"text": "with black registration number. Diplomatic/Consular Corps registration numbers consist of the letters CD/CC (respectively) and seven digits—the last two of them are 21 or 22. Private vehicles owned by a member of a diplomatic/consular mission and originally brought from the member's country of origin do not consist of the letters CD/CC, but the last two digits remain 21 or 22. Honorary consuls' vehicles carry plates consisting of the letters CC without the final digits of 21 or 22, even though the vehicle is registered under a civil registration number. The use of the 7-digit registration plate in Israel began in",
"psg_id": "12617409"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Northern Territory",
"text": "scheme, with embossed legend CLUB down left vertical and bottom legend \"NT-MOTOR ENTHUSIAST\" and is white on reflective red. Commemorative plates Vehicle registration plates of the Northern Territory The Northern Territory requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current regular issue plates are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use standard Australian stamping dies. The Northern Territory has never fully adopted the 1950s three letter, three number Federal scheme. It was proposed to receive XAA-000 to XZZ-999 that Western Australia later took up. Prior to 1933 Registration plates in the NT was",
"psg_id": "20785553"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "on 21 May 1977, in signatory countries it replaces previous road traffic conventions, notably the 1949 Geneva Convention on Road Traffic, in accordance with its Article 48. One of the main benefits of the convention for motorists is the obligation on signatory countries to recognize the legality of vehicles from other signatory countries. When driving in other signatory countries, the distinguishing sign of the country of registration must be displayed on the rear of the vehicle. The sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate as a white oval plate or sticker, or be incorporated in the vehicle",
"psg_id": "2490781"
},
{
"title": "Madsen LAR",
"text": "of the LAR came with solid wood stocks that covered the receiver from the handguard to the buttplate, then with a fixed steel tube and side/underfolding stocks. The assault rifle variant (chambered for the 7.62×39mm M43 round) was intended for the armed forces of Finland and to purge them away from using a Soviet-based design, the Valmet M62. However, Finland, being a neutral country, ignored this and went ahead with the Valmet M62, adopting it as their standard service rifle due to its cheaper cost for production and potentially better reliability. Madsen LAR The Madsen LAR was a battle rifle",
"psg_id": "12745193"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Ghana",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Ghana Vehicle registration plates of Ghana indicate the region where the vehicles bearing them were registered. Ghana has no restrictions on the use of number plates in the various regions, for example, a vehicle registered in the Ashanti Region can be used in the Brong-Ahafo Region. A vehicle can be re-registered or a new license plate acquired under the following conditions: The current Ghanaian number plate format has been in use since January 2009. Ghanaian vehicle license plates consist of a two-letter region code, followed by a four-digit numeric and a two-digit year code. The two-letter",
"psg_id": "17487890"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "but without the space, and followed by a smaller T (for Taxi.) Military vehicles have four to six yellow digits on black background, and may be used for all kinds of vehicles from ordinary automobiles to tanks. Turkish car number plates use an indirect numbering system associated with the geographical info. In Turkey, registration plates are made by authorized private workshops. The registration plate is rectangular in shape and made of aluminum. On the left, there is the country code \"TR\" in a 4×10 cm blue stripe like in EU countries (without the 12 golden stars). The text is in",
"psg_id": "1795231"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Paraguay",
"text": "top that shows the name of the country, its flag and the Mercosur logo. The typeface used is FE-Schrift. Vehicle registration plates of Paraguay Since the end of the year 1999 Paraguay has required its residents to register their motor vehicles with the National Register of Vehicles (Registro Nacional de Automotores) and to display vehicle registration plates; this system has replaced the former one whereby plates were issued by municipal authorities, who also kept local registers. The plates are inscribed with a 3-letter and 3-number combination (similar to those used in the Argentine Republic), and remain with the vehicle for",
"psg_id": "13204138"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe Since 2006 vehicle registration plates of Zimbabwe are composed of three letters and four numbers (e.g. ABC 1234). The dimensions of Zimbabwean number plates are the same as British plates, but now use the FE-Schrift typeface, used for German vehicle registration plates. They were introduced before independence from Britain, when the country was known as Rhodesia and were not changed by the government following independence in 1980. For private vehicles, characters are in black on a yellow background, although white backgrounds were introduced in 2006. For commercial vehicles, characters are in red on a white",
"psg_id": "14306312"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of South Australia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of South Australia South Australia requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current regular issue plates are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use standard Australian stamping dies. Vehicles and trailers: S000·ABC In South Australia, until October 2008, standard registration plates followed the 3-letter, 3-number (aaa-nnn) standard used by New South Wales and Victoria: their series, introduced in 1966 started with RAA-000 and finished at XUN-299. Since October 2008, South Australian general issue plates follow the format Snnn-aaa, the S signifying South Australia. No slogan is printed on these",
"psg_id": "20785586"
},
{
"title": "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands",
"text": "month. December sales reached a record of about 9,300 plug-in electric vehicles delivered, representing a world record market share of 23.8% of new car sales in the country. These record sales allowed the Netherlands to become the second country, after Norway, where plug-in electric cars have topped the monthly ranking of new car sales. The strong increase of plug-in car sales during the last months of 2013 was due to the end of the total exemption of the registration fee for corporate cars, which is valid for 5 years. From January 1, 2014, all-electric vehicles pay a 4% registration fee",
"psg_id": "16881644"
},
{
"title": "Antique vehicle registration",
"text": "Antique vehicle registration Antique vehicle registration is a special form of motor vehicle registration for vehicles that are considered antique, classic, vintage, or historic. Both the specific term used and the definition of a qualifying vehicle vary from country to country, as well as within a country if it is a federation. Typically, an antique vehicle is defined by its age at the time at which antique vehicle registration is sought. As examples, this age is 20 years in the U.S. state of Connecticut, 25 years in the U.S. state of Virginia, 30 years in the Australian state of Queensland,",
"psg_id": "6736202"
},
{
"title": "Antique vehicle registration",
"text": "Antique vehicle registration Antique vehicle registration is a special form of motor vehicle registration for vehicles that are considered antique, classic, vintage, or historic. Both the specific term used and the definition of a qualifying vehicle vary from country to country, as well as within a country if it is a federation. Typically, an antique vehicle is defined by its age at the time at which antique vehicle registration is sought. As examples, this age is 20 years in the U.S. state of Connecticut, 25 years in the U.S. state of Virginia, 30 years in the Australian state of Queensland,",
"psg_id": "6736195"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Georgia (country)",
"text": "(e.g. ABC-123), in black on a white background, will remain valid until 2020 at least. To accommodate owners of imported American or Japanese vehicles, a more square styled plate is also available. Originally the first letter of the old registration plate was assigned according to the territory where the vehicle was registered: Once the system was exhausted, it was removed. Anyone may buy the combination that they like. Some commercial organizations have bought up all the number sequences of the old registraiton plates within one tri-letter combination (e.g. all the TBC plates are owned by TBC Bank, and all the",
"psg_id": "11998325"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Nepal",
"text": "commercial purposes have black license plates with white letters. The third part of such vehicles is ज or JA for light-vehicle and ख or KH for heavy-vehicle. The National Corporation like Nepal Telecom, Dairy Development Corporation, Nepal Electricity Authority etc. are using \"Yellow number plates\" with blue letter. Vehicles meant for transportation of tourists use green plate with white letters. Such vehicles are owned by travel agencies and hotels. Vehicles registered in Nepal under the name of foreign diplomatic agencies such as embassies, consulates, or missions use blue plates with white letters. Vehicle registration plates of Nepal In Nepal, all",
"psg_id": "16755665"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Sweden",
"text": "any country acronym e.g. American diplomats don't have US as their first two letters. They're ordered by the sovereign states' name in the French language. Thus AA denotes South Africa (i.e. Afrique du Sud). AB denotes Albania (i.e. Albanie) and so forth up until DT. The three digits are just a serial number. The last letter shows what kind of task the diplomat has. The approval sticker was placed last on the right. Just like the personal plates these vehicles have a standard format registration as well, which means a re-registration is not needed if the vehicle changes owner. Taxi",
"psg_id": "6722181"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "was introduced with the introduction of the Business Partner Automation program (BPA), which allowed participating dealerships to file registrations electronically. The vast majority of vehicles registered in California are via third party transactions, where the vehicle is sold from one entity to another, without the use of a dealership. The registration of vehicles sold in this manner is done through local DMV branches or through the use of independent \"Registration Service Providers\". Anyone who has applied for or received a vehicle registration must notify DMV of a new residence within 10 days or face a typical fine of $178. Motor",
"psg_id": "7725618"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "or to a collateral challenge in a United States District Court. Perhaps the most notable instance of a continuing concurrent use registration is that of Holiday Inn. Although the national chain owns numerous trademark registrations, there is one registration for an unrelated \"Holiday Inn\" which is \"restricted to the area comprising the town of Myrtle Beach, S.C.\". The Myrtle Beach hotel had used that name since the 1940s, and initiated a concurrent use proceeding in 1970. While this proceeding was pending, the national chain commenced an action in the United States District Court. The concurrent use proceeding was suspended during",
"psg_id": "7291735"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "the Tennessee Department of Safety. Passenger and commercial vehicles must be registered as a condition of use on a public road. Vehicles not used on public roads, such as tractors or vehicles whose use is limited to private property, are not always required to be registered. Vehicle registration laws vary from state-to-state. There are different types of vehicle registration including: Antique, Combo, Apportioned, Commercial, and SUB. In most U.S. states, a liability insurance policy that meets the state's auto insurance requirements must be purchased before a vehicle may be registered through the department of motor vehicles. Registration is handled by",
"psg_id": "7725616"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Brunei",
"text": "white letters/numbers on black background like any private registered cars. However, the numbering system is different from private vehicles as all military vehicles are registered with a MOD1111x number, where MOD stands for Ministry of Defence, 1111 is the number with any leading zeros being omitted and x is a letter denoting which branch of the military it is registered under. LTD Issues New Registration Numbers - last retrieved 13 June 2008 Vehicle registration plates of Brunei License plates are displayed on all motorized road vehicles in Brunei, as required by law. The issue of license plates is regulated and",
"psg_id": "12308509"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Tasmania",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Tasmania Tasmania requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current regular issue plates are Australian standard 372 mm × 134 mm, and use standard Australian stamping dies. Between 1930 and 1954, Tasmanian plates were issued in the format 3 L0000, where the first numeral represented the year, and the letter the month of issue. In 1954, the style was updated to the W-series plates that ran until 1970. The format and range was WAA·000 to WZZ·999, continuing with the month and year allocations, with the second letter representing the year,",
"psg_id": "20782337"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Namibia",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Namibia Vehicle registration plates of Namibia are yellow fluorescent metal plates with imprints in black. The standard version is uniform throughout the country, and carries one of the following forms: The first letter is always \"N\" for Namibia. The last one or two letters indicate the town or region the car originates from. In between, numbers are issued sequentially within each region, starting with single-digit numbers, and increasing in length as required. The vast majority of vehicles are registered in the capital, Windhoek, and require six digits; most other regions are currently using 3 or 4",
"psg_id": "11679291"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "the Road Transport Authority (BRTA) issues vehicle registration plates for motor vehicles. The vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh use Bengali alphabets and Bengali numerals. The current version of Vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The International vehicle registration code for Bangladesh is BD. The general format of vehicle registration plates in Bangladesh is \"City - Vehicle Class alphabet and No - Vehicle No\". For example, : \"DHAKA-D-11-9999\". The \"DHAKA\" field represents the city name in Bengali alphabets, the \"D\" field represents the vehicle class in Bengali alphabets, the \"11\" field represents the vehicle registration serial in Bengali numerals (newer registrations",
"psg_id": "1795195"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "an agreement is that the parties can agree to terms beyond the scope of the TTAB's decision, such as specific restrictions on time and place of advertising, or modifications to the appearance of either mark. However, irrespective of the agreement reached, the TTAB must still make an independent finding that no consumer confusion is likely to result from the concurrent use registration. Even if both parties assert that no confusion is likely, the TTAB may still make findings of fact which demonstrate that confusion is likely, and deny registration to the junior user of the mark. A pivotal factor in",
"psg_id": "7291726"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "Belgium, for example, still permits vehicles to display the older small white number plates with red lettering, and the registration plates that are issued by the government body which assigns these are of the smaller format, too. In 1908 number plates were only three numbers and one letter long. Italy still permits smaller plates to be attached to the front of a vehicle, while the rear plate complies to the usual EU format. The common design consists of a blue strip on the left of the plate, which has the EU motif (12 yellow stars), along with the country code",
"psg_id": "1795221"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "Electric car use by country Electric car use by country varies worldwide, as the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is affected by consumer demand, market prices and government incentives. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are generally divided into all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), that run only on batteries, and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), that combine battery power with internal combustion engines. The popularity of electric vehicles has been expanding rapidly due to government subsidies, their increased range and lower battery costs, and environmental sensitivity. However, the stock of plug-in electric cars represented just about 1 out of every 300 motor vehicles",
"psg_id": "14464068"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Japan",
"text": "sold for scrap, or exported. New vehicles are not delivered to the purchaser until the plates have been attached at the dealership. Since November 1, 1970, a \"jiko-shiki\" (字光式) plate has been offered for private vehicles at the owner's request. The green characters on this type of plate are replaced with molded green plastic that can be illuminated from behind the plate. From May 19, 1998, specific numbers can also be requested if the numbers are not already in use. From 2010, these are also available in blue.version of vehicle registration plates started in 1973. The international vehicle registration code",
"psg_id": "3563116"
},
{
"title": "Aircraft registration",
"text": "Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention), signed in 1944, requires that all aircraft engaged in international air navigation bears its appropriate nationality and registration marks. Upon registration, the aircraft receives its unique \"registration\", which must be displayed prominently on the aircraft. Annex 7 to the Chicago Convention describes the definitions, location, and measurement of nationality and registration marks. The aircraft registration is made up of a prefix selected from the country's callsign prefix allocated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) (making the registration a quick way of determining the country of origin) and the registration suffix. Depending on the",
"psg_id": "5699824"
},
{
"title": "Lar Dam",
"text": "Lar Dam Lar Dam (Persian: سد لار \"sad-de lār\") is a dam located at the foot of Mount Damavand in Amol county, Mazandaran, Iran. The dam is located within the protected Lar National Park and situated just 70 kilometers northeast of the capital and the most populous city of the country, Tehran. The primary purpose of the dam is municipal water supply to Tehran but prior to the water reaching the city filtration plant, it is used to power the Kalan and Lavarak Hydroelectric Power Stations, with a combined installed capacity of 162.5 MW. The construction began on the dam",
"psg_id": "8729955"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Madagascar",
"text": "letters are assigned consecutively for approved vehicles. Vehicles government departments have awarded red flags are like the normal license plate with black or white text, numbers and letter combinations. Vehicle registration plates of Madagascar The vehicle registration plates of Madagascar are created in 1950 from time to time with the revised version in 2014. It contains a black plate consisting with white characters with the current format (1234 XAB) with 4 random numbers, with the first letter as a province code, and the last 2 random letters. The license plate system of Madagascar draws on the system of France actively",
"psg_id": "19320880"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Philippines",
"text": "registration, the type of PUV is also indicated (e.g. NCR TAXI, R4A JEEPNEY, R8 PROV BUS). For private vehicles, the plate contains green-colored symbols on a white background (or reverse – white symbols on green background, used from 1989 to 1995) with the number format as \"LLL-DDD (1981 series) or LLL-DDDD (2014 series). On newer vehicles, the first letter usually indicates the region where the vehicle is registered. For example, if the plate begins with the letter \"N\", the vehicle is registered in the National Capital Region. Yellow, green or white plates that mostly have either \"U\" (Private) or \"Z\"",
"psg_id": "5077292"
},
{
"title": "Electric car use by country",
"text": "between and depending on battery capacity. Several states have established additional incentives. The government pledged in federal grants to support the development of next-generation transport, and million for the installation of charging infrastructure. Electric car use by country Electric car use by country varies worldwide, as the adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is affected by consumer demand, market prices and government incentives. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are generally divided into all-electric or battery electric vehicles (BEVs), that run only on batteries, and plug-in hybrids (PHEVs), that combine battery power with internal combustion engines. The popularity of electric vehicles has been",
"psg_id": "14464143"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "production vehicles that can be registered anywhere in the EC; the other schemes, known as National Small Series Type Approval (which consists of the SVA/ESVA) and the Individual Vehicle Approval (IVA), are intended for vehicles that are to be registered in the UK. Of necessity—since EC registered vehicles may circulate freely in any EC country—these are broadly similar to registration requirements and procedures in other EC countries, although some authorities may be reluctant to admit prototypes or low-volume vehicles without very stringent testing. Registration of motorised road vehicles in India is done by local Regional Transport Offices of the states.",
"psg_id": "7725613"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malaysia",
"text": "but are otherwise identical in both the use of numerical characters and colour schemes; however, a note to indicate codice_44 under the vehicle registration is obligatory. The stickers do not have to be removed upon re-entry into Malaysia. Entering heavy goods vehicles from Malaysia are also required to bear a separate Thai Trade Registration Number with yellow plates denoted by the codice_45 or codice_46 series. Entering Thai-registered vehicles, which use the Thai script for series letters and the province of registration on their number plates, are required to bear strips on the front and back that translate the plate information",
"psg_id": "6766037"
},
{
"title": "International vehicle registration code",
"text": "registration plate. When the distinguishing sign is incorporated in the registration plate, it must also appear on the front registration plate of the vehicle. The requirement to display a separate distinguishing sign is not necessary within the European Economic Area, for vehicles with license plates in the common EU format which satisfy the requirements of the Vienna Convention, and so are also valid in non-EU countries signatory to the convention. Separate signs are also not needed for Canada, Mexico and the United States, where the province, state or district of registration is usually embossed or surface-printed on the vehicle registration",
"psg_id": "2490782"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Malta",
"text": "allocated randomly chosen marks, except that the first letter shows in which month the vehicle's annual tax disc is due for renewal. The following is a table of letters by month: These plates may be also personalised in 2 ways: Either in the XXX999 format (€200) Or any combination from 1–9 characters and/or numbers which would cost €1500. A calesse, a type of horse carriage, had to be registered at the Castellania by the 19th century and use registration plates with black and white colours. Motor vehicles were intruduced in Malta around World War I in 1914. These were considered",
"psg_id": "7002662"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Ukraine",
"text": "completely Cyrillic characters. Some vehicles, like trolleybuses, are not required to have license plates, because they can not leave the network they operate on and can be identified by a number painted on the vehicle and assigned to it by the local public transport authority. Current plates include a two-letter regional prefix followed by 4 digits then a two-letter serial suffix. The international vehicle registration code UA is situated in the national-flag-colored band, which also includes the coat of arms, all on the left-hand side of the plate. The size for the single line license plate is 520 mm by",
"psg_id": "11308030"
},
{
"title": "Passenger vehicles in the United States",
"text": "a new methodology developed by FHWA. Data for these years are based on new categories and \"are not comparable to previous years\"\". Third, the government can include vehicles not in use, or double-count vehicles that have been transferred across two states. According to the FHWA Office of Highway Policy Information], \"Although many States continue to register specific vehicle types on a calendar year basis, all States use some form of the \"staggered\" system to register motor vehicles. \"Registration practices for commercial vehicles differ greatly among States\". The FHWA data include all vehicles which have been registered at any time throughout",
"psg_id": "7989180"
},
{
"title": "Lar Lubovitch",
"text": "Olympics. The show, based on \"The Planets\" by Gustav Holst, was broadcast by the A&E TV-network in June 1995 and was nominated for an International Emmy Award, a Cable ACE Award and a Grammy Award. Most recently he created two new ice dances for Paul Wylie, a duet for Renée Roca & Gorsha Sur, and an ensemble piece for the Ice Theatre of New York. Lar Lubovitch Lar Lubovitch (born April 9, 1943) is an American choreographer. He founded his own dance company, the Lar Lubovitch Dance Company in 1968. Based in New York City, the company has performed in",
"psg_id": "4262415"
},
{
"title": "International Cultivar Registration Authority",
"text": "important concept since it is only after such publication that the name has precedence for its use for a particular plant. Whilst the ICRA will ensure through its own publications that names are established, it is recommended that registrants should not necessarily rely on this and should also try to ensure that their new names are securely established as soon after registration as possible. It is not sufficient to release details onto the Internet, as that is not considered to be hard copy. International Cultivar Registration Authority An International Cultivation Registration Authority (ICRA) is an organization responsible for ensuring that",
"psg_id": "9482957"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Uruguay",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Uruguay Uruguay requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Plates issued in each department begin with a one-letter code. These codes, used on the unique local issues of the past, have carried over to the current national series as part of the standard nationwide format. Prior to the introduction of this series, plates issued in each department had a unique design, in many instances displaying only the name of the municipality, rather than that of the department or the country. The change echoes that made in Argentina in 1994 with",
"psg_id": "12958418"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Europe",
"text": "numbers used by other countries. Nevertheless, this is not completely successful and there are occasional difficulties for example in connection with parking fines and automatic speed cameras. There are also many municipality codes that are same in all three countries. Individual European countries use differing numbering schemes and text fonts: According to the Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, vehicles in cross-border traffic are obliged to display a distinguishing sign of the country of registration on the rear of the vehicle. This sign may either be placed separately from the registration plate or may be incorporated into the vehicle registration plate.",
"psg_id": "5304619"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the United Kingdom",
"text": "was administered by the Driver and Vehicle Agency (DVA) in Coleraine, which had the same status as the DVLA. Other schemes relating to the UK are also listed below. The international vehicle registration code for the United Kingdom is GB (Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Number plates must be displayed in accordance with the Road Vehicles (Display of Registration Marks) Regulations 2001. All vehicles manufactured after 1 January 1975 must display number plates of reflex-reflecting material, white at the front and yellow at the rear, with black characters. This type of reflecting plate was permitted as an option from 1968:",
"psg_id": "16685384"
},
{
"title": "Motor vehicle registration",
"text": "compulsory third party insurance policy is required to renew the vehicle, as well as inspections for older or commercial vehicles. While most states and territories no longer issue registration stickers for the vehicle, registration details are available electronically by police or online by individuals in most states. Vehicles can be registered to companies or individuals. Certain vehicles are registered with the federal government, e.g. military or through the Federal Interstate Registration Scheme (FIRS) via state or territory agencies. Increasingly, many registration functions can be performed online. Generally, privately built cars registered in any of the European Union country must demonstrate",
"psg_id": "7725611"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "the mark.\" \"As a general rule, a prior user of a mark is entitled to a registration covering the entire United States limited only to the extent that the subsequent user can establish that no likelihood of confusion exists and that it has concurrent rights in its actual area of use, plus its area of natural expansion.\" Between lawful concurrent users of the same mark in geographically separate markets, the senior registrant has the right to maintain his registration for at least those market areas in which it is using the mark. However, the senior registrant does not always maintain",
"psg_id": "7291730"
},
{
"title": "Plug-in electric vehicles in the Netherlands",
"text": "1 million vehicles in 2025. The first government target was achieved in 2013, two years earlier, thanks to the sales peak that occurred at the end of 2013. According to official figures, 30,086 plug-in electric vehicles with three or more wheels have been registered in the country through 31 December 2013. Initially, the Dutch government set incentives such as the total exemption of the registration fee and road taxes, which resulted in savings of approximately for private car owners over four years, and for corporate owners over five years. Other vehicles including hybrid electric vehicles were also exempt from these",
"psg_id": "16881624"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein Vehicle registration plates of Liechtenstein are composed of two letters and up to five numbers, and in between the letters and numbers is the coat of arms of the city. The plates have white characters on a retro-reflective black background and use the same type of font as Swiss car number plates. Short-period temporary registered plates have yellow coloured font while long-periods have year bands on the right. Duty unpaid vehicles are similar to civilian vehicles but ends with \"U\" prefix. Due to the country being small in size, only around two thousand cars are",
"psg_id": "11954709"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union",
"text": "Below is an explanation of alphanumeric codes, used in the USSR and post-Soviet civilian license plates for the 1934 format, 1936 (GOST 3207-36), 1946 (GOST 3207-46), 1959 (GOST 3207-58) and 1980 formats (GOST 3207-77). Regions with dates below are those that no longer exist. Vehicle registration plates of the Soviet Union Vehicle registration plates (Russian: Регистрационные знаки транспортных средств, \"Registracionny'e znaki transportny'kh sredstv\", lit. \"Registration Plates of Vehicles\") were used in the Soviet Union for registrations of automobiles, motorcycles, heavy machinery, special-use vehicles as well as construction equipment, military vehicles and trailers. Every vehicle registration plate consists of a unique",
"psg_id": "19836252"
},
{
"title": "Victor Lar",
"text": "Victor Lar Victor Lar is a Nigerian politician who was elected Senator for the Plateau South constituency of Plateau State, Nigeria in the April 2011 national elections. Lar was running on the People's Democratic Party (PDP) platform. Victor Lar is a Tarok from Langtang, in southern Plateau State. He obtained a degree in Political Science. Retired Lt. General Jeremiah Useni, whom Lar defeated in the 2011 election, described himself as Lar's political godfather. As national deputy chairman for the All Nigeria People's Party (ANPP), he sponsored Lar as the successful ANPP candidate in the April 1999 election for the Langtang",
"psg_id": "15600462"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plate",
"text": "process is redone every 5 years. A new plate design introduced in April 2011 eliminates a white line circling the whole plate and has thinner typeface. Iranian registration plates' size are to European standards. Japanese vehicle registration plates fall into two classes: Prefectural, used nationwide, and Municipal. Municipal registration is typically applicable to motor vehicles that will not leave the area, such as light motorcycles. In the prefectural system, the top line names the office at which the vehicle is registered, and includes a numeric code that indicates the class of vehicle. The bottom contains one serial letter (typically a",
"psg_id": "1795207"
},
{
"title": "Aircraft registration",
"text": "country of registration, this suffix is a numeric or alphanumeric code, and consists of one to five characters. A supplement to Annex 7 provides an updated list of approved nationality and common marks used by various countries. While the Chicago convention sets out the country-specific prefixes used in registration marks, and makes provision for the ways they are used in international civil aviation and displayed on aircraft, individual countries also make further provision for their formats and the use of registration marks for intranational flight. When painted on the aircraft's fuselage, the prefix and suffix are usually separated by a",
"psg_id": "5699825"
},
{
"title": "Aircraft registration",
"text": "registration with the country prefix omitted - for example, gliders registered in Australia commonly display only the three-letter unique mark, without the \"VH-\" national prefix. Some countries also operate a separate registry system, or use a separate group of unique marks, for gliders, ultralights, and/or other less-common types of aircraft. For example, Germany and Switzerland both use lettered suffixes (in the form D-xxxx and HB-xxx respectively) for most forms of flight-craft but numbers (D-nnnn and HB-nnn) for unpowered gliders. Many other nations register gliders in subgroups beginning with the letter G, such as Norway with LN-Gxx and New Zealand with",
"psg_id": "5699827"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Peru",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Peru Peru requires its residents to register their motor vehicles and display vehicle registration plates. Current plates are North American standard 6 × 12 inches (152 × 300 mm). All vehicles are required to display plates on the front and back. Peculiarly, taxis in Peru are also required to display the characters of the license plates on each side of the vehicle. This is done with actual a large decal. The first letter of these plates indicated the vehicle type, and the chart below shows the letters assigned to each type. The second letter indicated the",
"psg_id": "20623740"
},
{
"title": "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand",
"text": "Vehicle registration plates of Thailand Thailand's vehicle registration plates are issued by the Department of Land Transport (DLT) of the Ministry of Transport. They must be displayed on all motorized road vehicles (with the exception of royal-, police- and military-owned vehicles), as required by the Motor Vehicle Act, B.E. 2522 (1979 CE) and the Land Transport Act, B.E. 2522. The plates vary in design, colors and dimensions according to the type of vehicle, but usually display a registration number (usually a two-character letter or numerical prefix and a four-digit number) and the vehicle's province of registration. Specifications are given in",
"psg_id": "11470880"
},
{
"title": "Concurrent use registration",
"text": "assertion that no other party has the right to use the mark, the applicant must assert that no other party \"except as specified in the application\" has such a right. Where two or more geographically \"unrestricted\" applications are pending at the same time, and no registration has yet been issued, the USPTO will proceed with the earliest application, and put all later applications on hold pending a determination on the earliest. By the terms of the Act, the critical dates with respect to concurrent registration are the date of the applicant's first use and the earliest filing date of any",
"psg_id": "7291717"
}
] | [
"free democratic libya",
"libya",
"islamic republic of libya",
"libya (national transitional council)",
"republic of libya",
"libya",
"state of libya",
"libyan republic (2011)",
"libyan republic",
"ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ",
"ليبيا",
"libiyah",
"lby",
"etymology of libya",
"al-jamahiriya al-%60arabiyah al-libiyah ash-sha%60biyah al-ishtirakiyah al-uzma",
"largest cities in libya",
"lībiyā",
"lybya",
"free libya",
"libiya",
"iso 3166-1:ly"
] |
which liner launched in 1934 was the largest of her time? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "SS Scharnhorst (1934)",
"text": "SS Scharnhorst (1934) SS \"Scharnhorst\" was a Norddeutscher Lloyd ocean liner, launched in 1934, completed in 1935 and made her maiden voyage on 8 May 1935. She was the first big passenger liner built in the German Third Reich. Under the German merchant flag she was the second liner named after General Gerhard J. D. von Scharnhorst (1755-1813), the famous Prussian army reformer and military theorist. She was one of three ships that operated the Far Eastern route between Bremen and Yokohama; her sister ships were the SS \"Potsdam\" and the SS \"Gneisenau\". These three ships were planned to shorten",
"psg_id": "11441492"
},
{
"title": "Príncipe de Asturias (ocean liner)",
"text": "Príncipe de Asturias (ocean liner) Príncipe de Asturias was a Spanish ocean liner, owned by the Naviera Pinillos and built at the Russell & Co. (later Lithgows) shipyard in Port Glasgow, in Scotland; being launched in 1914. She was named after the \"Prince of Asturias\", the historical title given to the heir to the Spanish Crown. \"Príncipe de Asturias\" and her elder sister \"Infanta Isabel\", launched in 1912, were at the time of her construction two of the largest passenger steamship in the Spanish merchant fleet, only second to \"Reina Victoria Eugenia\" and \"Infanta Isabel de Borbón\" owned by Pinillos's",
"psg_id": "14308763"
},
{
"title": "SS Scharnhorst (1934)",
"text": "Yellow Sea on 17 November 1944 by the United States Navy submarine . The story of SS \"Scharnhorst\" continues on the Wikipedia page for the \"Shin'yō\". SS Scharnhorst (1934) SS \"Scharnhorst\" was a Norddeutscher Lloyd ocean liner, launched in 1934, completed in 1935 and made her maiden voyage on 8 May 1935. She was the first big passenger liner built in the German Third Reich. Under the German merchant flag she was the second liner named after General Gerhard J. D. von Scharnhorst (1755-1813), the famous Prussian army reformer and military theorist. She was one of three ships that operated",
"psg_id": "11441500"
},
{
"title": "Streamlined Ocean Liner",
"text": "for a giant aircraft known as Airliner Number 4 that Geddes saw as a replacement for the ocean liner and which he hoped would cut the travel time from America to England to 42 hours from the four and a half days taken by an ocean liner. In April 1934, the liner was shown on the front cover of \"Popular Science Monthly\" with a full page feature inside, in which it was described as one of the \"Ocean Greyhounds\". \"Popular Mechanics\" used the same phrase in 1935, additionally suggesting that the idea of the streamlined ship had been modeled on",
"psg_id": "20603168"
},
{
"title": "Athenic-class ocean liner",
"text": "whaling ship. The SS \"Corinthic\" was scrapped in 1931. In the Second World War, the \"Athenic\" was torpedoed twice and sunk by but later she was raised and returned to her owner. She was scrapped in 1962. In 1934, the \"Ionic\" was sold to the Shaw, Savill & Albion Line and was scrapped two years later. Athenic-class ocean liner The \"Athenic\"-class ocean liners were a three ship class of ocean liners built by the Harland & Wolff shipyard for the White Star Line in the early 20th century. The first ship built was , followed by . Both were launched",
"psg_id": "12458362"
},
{
"title": "RMS Olympic",
"text": "made her operation increasingly unprofitable. \"Olympic\" was the largest ocean liner in the world for two periods during 1911–13, interrupted only by the brief tenure of the slightly larger (which had the same dimensions but higher gross tonnage owing to revised interior configurations), before she was then surpassed by . \"Olympic\" also retained the title of the largest British-built liner until was launched in 1934, interrupted only by the short careers of her slightly larger sister ships. The \"Olympic\" was withdrawn from service and sold for scrap in 1935; demolition was completed in 1937. Decorative elements of \"Olympic\" were removed",
"psg_id": "865752"
},
{
"title": "Mystery Liner",
"text": "Mystery Liner Mystery Liner is a 1934 American Pre-Code film directed by William Nigh, starring Noah Beery, Sr., and based on an Edgar Wallace story originally published in the \"Saturday Evening Post\" in 1924. The film was entered as a feature attraction at the 1934 International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art in Venice, Italy, the forerunner of the Venice Film Festival. Captain Holling (Beery) is relieved of command of his ship after he suffers a nervous breakdown. His replacement, Captain Downey (Howard), takes over the liner just as it is about to be used for an experiment in remote control. Professor",
"psg_id": "14040896"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "violence, virility, and vitality.\" Here \"a man must be a sexual master in order to achieve and maintain social and cultural power,\" while the admission of femininity, \"which O'Shaugnessy equates with homosexuality ... is to lose.\" James Shapiro of the \"New York Times\" links the title of Mailer's 1998 collection of his works, \"The Time of Our Time\", and the short story bearing a similar title. Just as how Sergius stripped Denise of her \"innocence\" in \"The Time of Her Time,\" Mailer has done the same for his reading public. Taking the parallel even further, as Denise turns her back",
"psg_id": "17727597"
},
{
"title": "Victory Liner",
"text": "Victory Liner Victory Liner, Inc. (VLI) is one of the largest provincial bus companies operating in the Philippines, servicing routes mainly to the provinces of Central Luzon which includes Zambales, Pampanga, Bulacan and Northern Luzon which includes Benguet, Pangasinan, Bataan, Nueva Vizcaya, Kalinga, Isabela and Cagayan. This bus company played a major role in transport industry since it became the product of Japanese occupation in the country after World War II, with used Chevy trucks from the United States Army as their primary transportation fleet. Today, Victory Liner has grown as one of the largest bus transportation business groups in",
"psg_id": "8902659"
},
{
"title": "Four funnel liner",
"text": "Four funnel liner A four funnel liner, four funnelled liner or four stacker is an ocean liner with four funnels. The SS \"Great Eastern\", launched on 31 January 1858 (a full 40 years ahead of any comparable ships), was the only ocean liner to sport five funnels. As one funnel was later removed, the \"Great Eastern\", by default, became the first ocean liner to have four funnels. However, after the Great Eastern became a four funnel ship she never carried passengers so really should not be considered the first four funnel liner. The SS \"Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse\", launched on",
"psg_id": "12406969"
},
{
"title": "Victory Liner",
"text": "the Tuguegarao-Santiago route vice versa Victory Liner Victory Liner, Inc. (VLI) is one of the largest provincial bus companies operating in the Philippines, servicing routes mainly to the provinces of Central Luzon which includes Zambales, Pampanga, Bulacan and Northern Luzon which includes Benguet, Pangasinan, Bataan, Nueva Vizcaya, Kalinga, Isabela and Cagayan. This bus company played a major role in transport industry since it became the product of Japanese occupation in the country after World War II, with used Chevy trucks from the United States Army as their primary transportation fleet. Today, Victory Liner has grown as one of the largest",
"psg_id": "8902665"
},
{
"title": "Imperator-class ocean liner",
"text": "1906. British competition was also fierce, Cunards \"Lusitania\" launched in 1906 followed by her sister \"Mauretania\" were an instant success and by 1910, the new \"Olympic class ocean liners\" of White Star were nearing completion. Imperator-class ocean liner The \"Imperator\" class ocean liners were a series of three ocean liners designed for the Hamburg America Line, commonly known as \"HAPAG\". These three ships were commissioned by the chairman of HAPAG Albert Ballin. Namely the \"Imperator\" (1912), the \"Vaterland\" (1913) and the largest, the \"Bismarck\" (1914). These liners were over 50,000 tons, sported three funnels and had a length ranging from",
"psg_id": "15750144"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "Bibliography The Time of Her Time \"The Time of Her Time\" is a 1959 short story written by Norman Mailer, first appearing in his miscellany \"Advertisements for Myself\". The story depicts macho Irish Catholic bullfighting instructor Sergius O'Shaugnessy and his sexual conquest of a young, middle-class Jewish college girl, Denise Gondelman. The short story was adapted to film in 2000 by Francis Delia. On multiple occasions, Mailer has touted \"The Time of Her Time\" as \"the godfather of \"Lolita\".\" In a 1958 letter to Mickey Knox, Mailer describes \"Time\" as part of a novel-in-progress: \"it's interesting I believe, real blow",
"psg_id": "17727599"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "The Time of Her Time \"The Time of Her Time\" is a 1959 short story written by Norman Mailer, first appearing in his miscellany \"Advertisements for Myself\". The story depicts macho Irish Catholic bullfighting instructor Sergius O'Shaugnessy and his sexual conquest of a young, middle-class Jewish college girl, Denise Gondelman. The short story was adapted to film in 2000 by Francis Delia. On multiple occasions, Mailer has touted \"The Time of Her Time\" as \"the godfather of \"Lolita\".\" In a 1958 letter to Mickey Knox, Mailer describes \"Time\" as part of a novel-in-progress: \"it's interesting I believe, real blow by",
"psg_id": "17727581"
},
{
"title": "Streamlined Ocean Liner",
"text": "Streamlined Ocean Liner The Streamlined Ocean Liner was a design by Norman Bel Geddes for a streamlined steam-powered ocean liner. The shape was compared by Pathé to that of a porpoise, blunt at the front and tapered at the rear. It first appeared in Geddes' 1932 book \"Horizons\" and an outline patent was filed in 1933 with a detailed patent following in 1934. An offer was made for the rights to the design in the late 1930s, which Geddes refused, as he still hoped to sell it to an American shipbuilder, but the ship was never built. Norman Bel Geddes",
"psg_id": "20603164"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "on her revelatory sexual experience with Sergius, the reading public may turn its back on \"Mailer's considerable insights into those parts of ourselves and our culture we may not be eager to face.\" In 2000, \"The Time of Her Time\" was adapted by Francis Delia into an erotic film starring Linden Ashby and Leslie Bega. Mailer chose \"Time\" as his best short story for \"Writer’s Choice: Each of Twenty American Authors Introduces His Own Best Story\" in 1974. \"Time\" was also reprinted in \"The Short Fiction of Norman Mailer\" in 1967 and \"The Time of Our Time\" in 1998. Cited",
"psg_id": "17727598"
},
{
"title": "Mystery Liner",
"text": "director William Nigh does a typically professional job with the few resources at his disposal and cinematographer Archie Stout (who would eventually win an Oscar for his work on John Ford's \"The Quiet Man\", 1952) contributes some exceptional camerawork.\" Mystery Liner Mystery Liner is a 1934 American Pre-Code film directed by William Nigh, starring Noah Beery, Sr., and based on an Edgar Wallace story originally published in the \"Saturday Evening Post\" in 1924. The film was entered as a feature attraction at the 1934 International Exhibition of Cinematographic Art in Venice, Italy, the forerunner of the Venice Film Festival. Captain",
"psg_id": "14040898"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "published it, \"a great many of us, not only writers, but critics as well, novelists collaborated to a degree, in the sense that we were fighting the Philistines who wanted to hold literature back\". The story collection, \"Advertisements for Myself\", was published without any censorship, though \"The Time of Her Time\" was absent from the English publication. Mailer has maintained that \"The Time of Her Time\" has acted as the godfather of \"Lolita\". \"Later, Minton used to love to say one of the reasons he published \"Lolita\" was he saw he could get away with it... he realized that for",
"psg_id": "17727584"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "content, \"The Time of Her Time\" has been generally accepted as one of Mailer's most well-written short stories. George Steiner notes that \"[a]ll of Mailer's obsessions are concentrated and disciplined in this wry tale\", and Dearborn avers that the story could reflect Mailer's own \"passing fantasy\". Andrew Gordon considers \"The Time of Her Time\" to be the forerunner to \"An American Dream\". The two works have \"a very close relationship in subject matter. ... 'Time' can be considered a test run for \"Dream\", although in some respects it is more acceptable than that novel because it is more ironic and",
"psg_id": "17727589"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "was omitted because it \"is the considered opinion of some of the best legal and literary names of the Realm\" that its inclusion would have held up publication of the volume. The full text was printed in a subsequent 1968 edition in England. \"The Time of Her Time\" was first published in 1959 in the collection, \"Advertisements for Myself\", then later in \"The Short Fiction of Norman Mailer\". Mailer said that his publisher, Walter Minton of G. P. Putnam's Sons publishing, was brave for publishing the short story, despite its status as \"a salacious object in its time\". When Minton",
"psg_id": "17727583"
},
{
"title": "JAC Liner",
"text": "their routes from Batangas to Manila and will have their rights to use their bus hubs in Cubao and Buendia. Through this, the said route is now being served by Yanson's subsidiary, Ceres Transport and Gold Star Bus Transport Inc. They also once served the Manila - Pacita, San Pedro, Laguna, which is now inactive. JAC Liner JAC Liner Inc. is the largest bus companies in the Philippines in terms of fleet size. Serving the riding public en route and key destinations to Laguna and Quezon. JAC (Jaime A Chua) Liner, owned by Chua Family, started in April 1987 as",
"psg_id": "13930906"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "the third night, Denise arrives at O'Shaugnessy's place after, she reveals, having spent the evening with Arthur. O'Shaugnessy finds himself lacking on their first try, but he quickly rallies and, by sodomizing her and calling her \"a dirty little Jew,\" produces her orgasm. The morning after, Denise, upset by Sergius' violation of her, tells him, \"... your whole life is a lie, and you do nothing but run away from the homosexual that is you,\" and leaves before Sergius can respond that \"she was a hero fit for [him].\" \"Time\" is a first-person narrative told from the point of view",
"psg_id": "17727587"
},
{
"title": "Jubilee-class ocean liner",
"text": "economic repair. The following year she was sold for scrap, and in July 1927 she sailed for her last voyage to a shipbreakers in the Netherlands. \"Runic\" was launched on 25 October 1900, and entered service with her maiden voyage on 19 January 1901, on 25 November that year she towed the liner which had broken down to the port of Dakar. \"Runic\" was commissioned by the Australian government as a war transport in January 1915, and on 1 May that year she collided with and sunk the collier \"Horst Martini\" in fog whilst in the English Channel, but no",
"psg_id": "20822866"
},
{
"title": "JAC Liner",
"text": "JAC Liner JAC Liner Inc. is the largest bus companies in the Philippines in terms of fleet size. Serving the riding public en route and key destinations to Laguna and Quezon. JAC (Jaime A Chua) Liner, owned by Chua Family, started in April 1987 as a sole proprietorship operating two second hand buses along Alabang - Fairview route. The owner's family backyard lot was then became the company's repair shop and head office. In 1988, JAC Liner acquired eight additional second-hand buses from other bus operators. These were completely rehabilitated and made operational. A year after, they were assisted by",
"psg_id": "13930900"
},
{
"title": "JAM Liner",
"text": "2015, JAM Liner had a joint venture with SM Investments Corporation in expanding their operations to Cebu. The joint venture formed the Metro Rapid Transit Service Inc. or known as \"Cebu MyBus\". A bus rapid transit system with services within SM Seaside City, SM City Cebu, Mactan-Cebu International Airport, to key cities along Metro Cebu and vice versa. It was JAM Liner's first expansion to Visayas and one of their biggest attempt in the region which is predominated by the country's largest, Yanson Group of Bus Companies. In 2016, JAM Liner along with QRS Logistics and University of the Philippines",
"psg_id": "19871850"
},
{
"title": "Kaiser-class ocean liner",
"text": "was fierce. Transport to and from Europe was dominated by British shipping lines, namely the Cunard and the White Star Line. The largest liner ever built was the British . Between 1892 and 1893, Cunard Line had launched the sister ships and , the fastest ships on the sea. They were also the heaviest. Norddeutscher Lloyd were charged by Emperor Wilhelm II with building up Germany's maritime power to rival and surpass Britain's. When he saw White Star's in 1891, the ship had left a lasting impression on the emperor. The Norddeutscher Lloyd, commonly known in English as \"North German",
"psg_id": "15751366"
},
{
"title": "High Liner Foods",
"text": "High Liner Foods High Liner Foods Inc. is a Canadian seafood company that packages and sells seafood to restaurants and institutions under the High Liner, Icelandic Seafood, and FPI labels, and to individual consumers as Fisher Boy, High Liner, Mirabel, Sea Cuisine, and C. Wirthy products. Founded in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, it is the largest such seafood concern in North America, serving markets in Canada, Mexico, and the United States. The company was founded on December 12, 1899 as W.C. Smith & Company, a salt fish operation located in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia. It was founded by five brothers, Captain Benjamin",
"psg_id": "19489000"
},
{
"title": "PS Sandown (1934)",
"text": "PS Sandown (1934) PS \"Sandown\" was a passenger vessel built for the Southern Railway in 1934. The ship was built by William Denny and Brothers in Dumbarton and launched on 1 May 1934 by Mrs E.J. Missenden, wife of the manager for the Southern Railway Company Docks at Southampton. Costing £39,850, she was one of two ships placed by the railway company, the other being . She was deployed on the Portsmouth to Ryde ferry service. She was acquired by British Railways in 1948. On 30 June 1954, she went to the rescue of her sister ship which had mechanical",
"psg_id": "19154719"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "self-mocking.\" Mailer has been criticized for his usage of \"tired stereotypes,\" of women, Jews, and blacks, present in \"The Time of Her Time.\" The character of Sergius O'Shaugnessy is Mailer's first active narrator, \"a Nordic superman who tackles Denise Gondelman... in a sweaty sexual slugfest, a great sporting bout.\" Due to this and other parallels between Sergius' character and the author, many critics have questioned the authorial gap between Sergius' and Mailer's philosophy of sex. Indeed, Gerald R. Lucas links the Hipster's quest for the \"apocalyptic orgasm\" in \"The White Negro\" to Sergius' own sexual romps through the Village, as",
"psg_id": "17727590"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "all the brouhaha over the dangers of publishing 'The Time of Her Time,' nothing had happened\". The story — set in what could be inspired by the airy Lower East Side loft Mailer rented during a career downturn in the early 1950's — follows Sergius O'Shaugnessy after he has adjusted to life in Greenwich Village and his sexual exploration and conquests there. O'Shaugnessy, having recently departed from Mexico and his career as an amateur bullfighter, sets up a bullfighting school in his flat, perhaps Mailer's mischievous nod to Hemingway. Rumor of his sexual prowess and stamina spreads quickly through the",
"psg_id": "17727585"
},
{
"title": "High Liner Foods",
"text": "Conrad, Captain George Abraham, Captain William Charles, James Leander, and Lewis H. Smith. In 1998, National Sea became a division of High Liner Foods. In May 2003, the company's fish processing quotas and nine trawlers were sold to a consortium headed by Clearwater Seafoods Ltd. High Liner Foods High Liner Foods Inc. is a Canadian seafood company that packages and sells seafood to restaurants and institutions under the High Liner, Icelandic Seafood, and FPI labels, and to individual consumers as Fisher Boy, High Liner, Mirabel, Sea Cuisine, and C. Wirthy products. Founded in Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, it is the largest",
"psg_id": "19489001"
},
{
"title": "JAM Liner",
"text": "also modified into Santarosa Daewoo facemask. JAM Liner (its former Laguna Trans subsidiary) used to serve the Manila – Sta. Cruz, Laguna route, which is now operated by HM Transport and JAC Liner's Lucena Lines. Their subsidiaries as of 2000: JAM Liner JAM Liner Inc. is a bus company that serves direct routes from Manila to provinces of Laguna, Batangas and Quezon. Dennise Trajano serves as JAM Liner's President and CEO as well as Philtranco Services Enterprises, Incorporated. The name JAM Liner came from the first letter of its founders', Josefina Mercado and her husband, Artemio Mercado, first name and",
"psg_id": "19871852"
},
{
"title": "Cable Liner",
"text": "Cable Liner The Cable Liner and Cable Liner Shuttle is a range of automated people mover (APM) products designed by DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car for use at airports, in city centers, intermodal passenger transport connections, park and ride facilities, campuses, resorts and amusement parks. The design is notable for superseding the maglev transport system at Birmingham International Airport which was, at the time, the world’s only commercial maglev system. The technology was used for the new \"AirRail Link\" on the existing maglev guideway to replace the previous system and temporary bus-service shuttle that had been operating in the meantime. The",
"psg_id": "12190581"
},
{
"title": "Pascual Liner",
"text": "Pascual Liner Pascual Liner, Inc. (abbreviated as PLI) is a city operation transport company headquartered in Quirino Highway, Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City, servicing in Metro Manila. It plies routes from Alabang, Muntinlupa City to Novaliches, Quezon City. The bus company is derived from the founders of the company – the Pascual clan – who managed the business until the present time. Established as a family-owned bus company in 1978 and managed business has grown from a 29-seater Buses (which were previously used for provincial operation to Central Luzon (except Bulacan). It was originally known as Pascual Liner Inc. With government",
"psg_id": "18311517"
},
{
"title": "Ceres Liner",
"text": "Express, its fiercest business rival and became the dominant transit company in the island of Mindanao. In 2007, its buses pioneered travel through the Western Nautical Highway. Economy fare Two/non-stop and Air-conditioned Economy fare and air-conditioned Economy fare and air conditioned Economy fare and air-conditioned Cebu North Routes Cebu South Routes Metro Cebu Operations Ceres Liner operates sports teams (notably football). Ceres Liner Ceres Liner is a bus line under Vallacar Transit Inc., the largest public land transportation company in Bacolod, Negros Island of the Philippines. It operates bus transport services from Bacolod and the whole Negros Island to other",
"psg_id": "10281960"
},
{
"title": "Liner House",
"text": "Ltd. The first office in Australia was at 36 Pitt Street. The following year the agency moved to 89 Pitt Street. In 1926 the name was changed to Wilh Wilhelmsen Agency Pty Ltd. In 1936 the agency moved to the old Phoenix House in Hunter Street. The Agency then occupied the first three floors of the Bridge Street premises in 1960. At the time of opening of Liner House, the Wilhelmsen Line was Norway's largest shipping organisation. Within two decades following World War II the number of Wilhelmsen sailings had increased twofold from 18 in 1947/47 to 30 in 1959/60.",
"psg_id": "21013968"
},
{
"title": "Ocean liner",
"text": "Four-engined bombers, such as the Avro Lancaster and Boeing B-29 Superfortress, with their range and massive carrying capacity, were natural prototypes for post-war next-generation airliners. Jet engine technology also accelerated due to wartime development of jet aircraft. In 1953, the De Havilland Comet became the first commercial jet airliner; the Sud Aviation Caravelle, Boeing 707 and Douglas DC-8 followed, and much long-distance travel was done by air. The Italian Line's and , launched in 1962 and 1963, were two of the last ocean liners to be built primarily for liner service across the North Atlantic. Cunard's transatlantic liner, \"Queen Elizabeth",
"psg_id": "2122311"
},
{
"title": "PS Caledonia (1934)",
"text": "PS Caledonia (1934) PS \"Caledonia\" was a paddle steamer built in 1934. She principally provided an Upper Clyde ferry service, later moving to Ayr and then Craigendoran. Her final days were as a floating pub in London until destroyed by fire in 1980. PS \"Caledonia\" was built by William Denny and Brothers of Dumbarton for the Caledonian Steam Packet Company. She was launched on Thursday 1 February 1934 and completed later that year. Built to look more like a screw turbine than a traditional paddle steamer, \"Caledonia\" and her sister \"Mercury\" had plating carried around the sponsons. They had promenade",
"psg_id": "15523184"
},
{
"title": "Ceres Liner",
"text": "Ceres Liner Ceres Liner is a bus line under Vallacar Transit Inc., the largest public land transportation company in Bacolod, Negros Island of the Philippines. It operates bus transport services from Bacolod and the whole Negros Island to other Visayan Islands such as Panay, Cebu, Bohol, Leyte and Samar. The company was founded in 1968 by Ricardo B. Yanson and his wife, Olivia Villaflores Yanson, beginning with the purchase of one jeepney unit. This effort ultimately became a jeepney-assembly business. The then-jeepney line was named Ceres Motors (named after Yanson's youngest sibling, Ceres). In the early 1970s, the market was",
"psg_id": "10281958"
},
{
"title": "Form liner",
"text": "on a background texture. As time passed, these designs grew in complexity, and creative artists and sculptors began to work with form liner manufactures to produce and design anything imaginable in concrete walls, and on a grand scale. Form liner textures were popularized in the early 1970s with graphic inlays. In 1972, form liner manufacturers created a fluted form liner with graphic inlays of shrimp boats, a famous crawfish wrapped around an oil bearing, tug boats and race boats. This sound/retaining wall, located in Morgan City, LA, was to be the first use ever of graphic inlays in form liner.",
"psg_id": "12042304"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "if the latter seems to be Mailer's literary exemplar of his figuration. Like the Hipster, Sergius is a larger-than-life figure, at least in his own mind, as he teaches bull fighting in Greenwich Village; Lucas suggests that Mailer is setting up the audience's expectations by giving a Hemingway-like hero that must save the girl from her repressive and numbing psychoanalyzed life. Here, Sergius is the opposite of Denise's shrink, Stanford Joyce. For Mailer, notes Diana Trilling, the orgasm seems to be the measure of psychic well-being, speaking for its paramount importance in \"Time\" and its attack on civilizing psychoanalysis. Trilling",
"psg_id": "17727591"
},
{
"title": "Ocean liner",
"text": "have to adapt to this circumstance. The Great Depression also played an important role, causing a drastic decrease in the number of people crossing the Atlantic and at the same time reducing the number of profitable transatlantic voyages. In response, shipping companies redirected many of their liners to a more profitable cruise service. In 1934, in the United Kingdom, Cunard Line and White Star Line were in very bad shape financially. Chancellor of the Exchequer Arthur Neville Chamberlain proposed to merge the two companies in order to solve their financial problems. The merger took place in 1934 and launched the",
"psg_id": "2122306"
},
{
"title": "Shōnan Liner",
"text": "and the \"Home Liner Odawara\" operates in the opposite direction in the evening. There are three inbound and two outbound services each weekday, taking 80 to 88 minutes between Shinjuku and Odawara. The Shinjuku-Odawara service competes with the \"Romancecar\" limited express services on the Odakyū Odawara Line, which take a similar amount of travel time. Shōnan Liner The is a \"Home Liner\" service for commuters on the Tōkaidō Main Line operated by East Japan Railway Company (JR East). This article also covers the morning and evening services. All of these trains operate on weekdays only. The trains connect the Shōnan",
"psg_id": "11882950"
},
{
"title": "Ocean liner",
"text": "ocean liner in service was , built in 2003–04, used for both point-to-point line voyages and for cruises. Four ocean liners that were made before World War II survive today as they have been preserved as museums, and hotels. The Japanese ocean liner \"Hikawa Maru\", has been preserved in Naka-ku, Yokohama, Japan, as a museum ship, since 1961. was preserved in 1967 after her retirement, and became a museum/hotel in Long Beach, California. In the 1970s, was also preserved, and now resides in Bristol, England as another museum. The latest ship to undergo preservation is , which is to become",
"psg_id": "2122314"
},
{
"title": "JAM Liner",
"text": "JAM Liner JAM Liner Inc. is a bus company that serves direct routes from Manila to provinces of Laguna, Batangas and Quezon. Dennise Trajano serves as JAM Liner's President and CEO as well as Philtranco Services Enterprises, Incorporated. The name JAM Liner came from the first letter of its founders', Josefina Mercado and her husband, Artemio Mercado, first name and surname. Thus \"J\"osefina and \"A\"rtemio \"M\"ercado. JAM Liner was started on April 7, 1968 by Artemio Mercado and his wife, Josefina Mercado with only four buses. They initially served the Biñan, Laguna to Manila route. By then, the Mercados expanded",
"psg_id": "19871847"
},
{
"title": "The Age of Innocence (1934 film)",
"text": "adaptation starred Katharine Cornell. At his 1875 engagement party, the wealthy Newland Archer (John Boles) is surprised to meet his childhood friend Ellen (Irene Dunne), beautiful and grown up and now Countess Olenska. Olenska is the cousin of his fiancee May (Julie Haydon) and is considered scandalous by the strait-laced society of the time. Newland, however, treats her well and sends her two dozen yellow roses. Olenska turns to Newland for advice about a possible divorce. The film was a box office disappointment. The Age of Innocence (1934 film) The Age of Innocence (1934) is an American drama film directed",
"psg_id": "15594488"
},
{
"title": "The Goddess (1934 film)",
"text": "The Goddess (1934 film) The Goddess () is a 1934 Chinese silent film released by the Lianhua Film Company (United Photoplay). It starred Ruan Lingyu in one of her final roles, and was directed by Wu Yonggang. Luo Mingyou produced the film and Hong Weilie took charge of the cinematography. The public responded with decent enthusiasm at its initial release, possibly due to Ruan Lingyu’s popularity as an actress of her time as described in a newspaper article published around the time. During the Cultural Revolution, pressures to cleanse “polluting” elements of the bourgeoisie pushed aside general reverence of \"The",
"psg_id": "8536615"
},
{
"title": "PS Sandown (1934)",
"text": "difficulties. The \"Sandown\" managed to secure a tow line and tow her to Portsmouth Harbour. She was scrapped in 1966. PS Sandown (1934) PS \"Sandown\" was a passenger vessel built for the Southern Railway in 1934. The ship was built by William Denny and Brothers in Dumbarton and launched on 1 May 1934 by Mrs E.J. Missenden, wife of the manager for the Southern Railway Company Docks at Southampton. Costing £39,850, she was one of two ships placed by the railway company, the other being . She was deployed on the Portsmouth to Ryde ferry service. She was acquired by",
"psg_id": "19154720"
},
{
"title": "SS Shuntien (1934)",
"text": "SS Shuntien (1934) SS \"Shuntien\" was a coastal passenger and cargo liner of the British-owned The China Navigation Company Ltd (CNC). She was built in Hong Kong in 1934 and sunk by enemy action in the Mediterranean Sea with great loss of life in 1941. A Royal Navy corvette rescued most of \"Shuntien\"s survivors, but a few hours later the corvette too was sunk and no-one survived. Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Company in Hong Kong built \"Shuntien\" for CNC in 1934. She replaced an earlier and smaller SS \"Shuntien\" that Scotts at Greenock on the Firth of Clyde had built",
"psg_id": "17246882"
},
{
"title": "Landfill liner",
"text": "this is passed through it. The leachate system is surrounded in a by a type of solid drainage layer such as gravel which is enclosed by a geomembrane and compressed clay, also known as a geosynthetic clay liner. This geosynthetic clay liner is usually made of sodium bentonite which is compacted in between two thick pieces of geotextile. The next material surrounding the composite liner would be a leak detection system composed of another material like gravel with an additional geomembrane or complex liner. The geomembranes within the composite liner consist of a high-density polyethylene which provide an effective minimization",
"psg_id": "9768517"
},
{
"title": "Baco Liner",
"text": "ports between Nouadhibou, Mauritania and Port Harcourt, Nigeria. BACO-LINER 3 was scrapped in Alang Beach, India, in July 2012. BACO-LINER 2 to follow there in June 2013 and BACO-LINER 1 in August 2013. Vessel tracking services now list all three Baco-liners as scrapped. Baco Liner BaCo Liner an abbreviation for 'Ba'rge - 'Co'ntainer - Carrier, was a shipping service between Europe and Africa owned by Seerederei Bacoliner GmbH of Duisburg, Germany. It used a fleet of specialized barge carrying LASH vessels which have a very unusual design: they carry both conventional shipping containers, and barges that are loaded through twin",
"psg_id": "14833729"
},
{
"title": "Streamlined Ocean Liner",
"text": "the air clipper, describing it as \"like a great airliner with its flying bridge\". In 1935, the liner featured in a Pathé newsreel titled \"The Liner Of Tomorrow!\" in which the narrator explained streamlining and compared the shape of the ship to that of a porpoise, blunt at the front and tapered at the back, saying: \"nature evolved this form a long time ago\". \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" pictured the liner in a supplement titled \"Machine-Made Art\" (1935), while \"The New York Sun\" described it as \"a vessel so far removed, yet not without its own beauty of line that our work-a-day",
"psg_id": "20603169"
},
{
"title": "Luxury Liner (1948 film)",
"text": "stowing away, and he allows her to sing a duet with Olaf aboard ship. Polly is equally pleased when her father develops a romantic interest in Laura, which turns out to be mutual. The film was a box office hit for MGM, and earned $2,297,000 in the US and Canada, and $1,831,000 overseas, resulting in a profit of $428,000. Luxury Liner (1948 film) Luxury Liner is a 1948 romantic musical comedy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Technicolor. It was directed by Richard Whorf, and written by Richard Connell, Karl Kamb and Gladys Lehman. It was originally titled \"Maiden Voyage\". An",
"psg_id": "13098832"
},
{
"title": "Tom Liner",
"text": "selected Liner in the fourteenth round (138th overall) of the 1996 MLS Inaugural Player Draft. That season, he was the Clash starting goalkeeper, playing twenty games with a 1.73 goals against average. Injuries reduced his playing time in 1997 to two games. He retired from playing professionally at the end of the season and was immediately hired as the head coach of the Foothill College women’s soccer team. From 2007 he has coached the Foothill Men's soccer team. Tom Liner Tom Liner (born November 27, 1970, in Redwood City, California) is a former U.S. soccer goalkeeper who currently coaches the",
"psg_id": "12869517"
},
{
"title": "The Roof (Back in Time)",
"text": "grooving and performing classic routines. Carey wore a short beige ensemble and performed light classical dances, alongside a male partner. The song was performed on select dates of Carey's 2014 The Elusive Chanteuse Show tour.. Carey would later perform a snippet of it acapella during her set at Jimmy Kimmel Live! while promoting \"#1 To Infinity\", later expressing to be happy at the fact the audience knew the lyrics to the song. CD Single Austria Promo Single 12\" Vinyl Single Credits adapted from \"Butterfly\" liner notes. The Roof (Back in Time) \"The Roof (Back in Time)\" is a song by",
"psg_id": "5023550"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "blow stuff, not hot, but direct enough in its details to be considered pornographic.\" In light of this fact, Mailer wrote to Dwight MacDonald, and thirteen other critics, to solicit support for publication in order to avoid prosecution for obscenity. Mailer's 1961 letter to André Deutsch, his publisher in England, continues to argue the merits of \"Time\" and why it should be published, making it \"clear that he was less and less able to bridle his irrationality\" about this matter. In an untitled postscript to \"Time\" in the British version of \"Advertisements\", Mailer notes that the second part of \"Time\"",
"psg_id": "17727582"
},
{
"title": "Athenic-class ocean liner",
"text": "Athenic-class ocean liner The \"Athenic\"-class ocean liners were a three ship class of ocean liners built by the Harland & Wolff shipyard for the White Star Line in the early 20th century. The first ship built was , followed by . Both were launched in 1902. The \"Athenic\" was launched as a dual purpose cargo/passenger ship. The last ship, , was launched one year later. In the First World War, all three ships were used as troop transports. Their route was from Liverpool to New Zealand. In 1928, the \"Athenic\" was sold to a Norwegian firm and converted into a",
"psg_id": "12458361"
},
{
"title": "Jubilee-class ocean liner",
"text": "day with the loss of two lives. \"Suevic\" was launched on 8 December 1900, and made her maiden voyage on 23 March the following year. At , \"Suevic\" was fractionally the largest of the Class. Like her sisters, during her early career she carried British troops to the Boer War on the outbound journeys to Cape Town, and Australian troops on the inbound journeys. After an uneventful early career, on 17 March 1907, \"Suevic\" ran aground on rocks near Lizard Point, Cornwall due to a navigational error which led to her position being miscalculated. After the passengers, crew and cargo",
"psg_id": "20822868"
},
{
"title": "The Time of Her Time",
"text": "present here. The sex between Denise and Sergius is a struggle between the masculine and the feminine qualities present in both of them. Sergius \"sees himself as the virile male,\" while Denise is his \"physical and sexual opposite.\" Thus Sergius must conquer \"the male in her to acquire (\"ingest\") her desirable masculine qualities ... he needs to reduce her to the status of helpless female.\" Only by taking Denise's masculine attributes for himself is O'Shaugnessy able to bolster his own masculinity and conquer the female, \"thereby defeating and subjugating any suggestion of the female in himself. For him to allow",
"psg_id": "17727595"
},
{
"title": "Liner notes",
"text": "Liner notes Liner notes (also sleeve notes or album notes) are the writings found on the sleeves of LP record albums and in booklets which come inserted into the compact disc jewel case or the equivalent packaging for vinyl records and cassettes. Liner notes are descended from the notes of text that were printed on the inner sleeve used to protect a traditional 12-inch vinyl record, i.e., long playing or gramophone record album. The term descends from the name \"record liner\" or \"album liner\". Album liner notes survived format changes from vinyl LP to cassette to CD. Such notes often",
"psg_id": "3070778"
},
{
"title": "Constitution of Uruguay of 1934",
"text": "Terrist wing of the Colorados (named after Gabriel Terra; president, 1931–38). The party that garnered the second largest number of votes automatically received 50 percent of the Senate seats. In addition, the 1934 charter empowered the Supreme Court of Justice to rule on the constitutionality of the laws. This system, which lasted eighteen years, further limited the power of the president and his government. In 1942, a bloodless coup led by President Alfredo Baldomir suspended this constitution; soon a constitutional assembly was summoned in order to draft a new Constitution. Constitution of Uruguay of 1934 The third Constitution of Uruguay",
"psg_id": "17727051"
},
{
"title": "Her Majesty the Decemberists",
"text": "States. All songs written by Colin Meloy. Note: On some editions, the track listing printed on the actual disc omits \"The Chimbley Sweep\", though the song is listed on the back of the CD jacket and in the liner notes. According to the liner notes of \"Her Majesty the Decemberists\". Her Majesty the Decemberists Her Majesty the Decemberists is the second full-length album by The Decemberists, released on September 9, 2003, by Kill Rock Stars. The song \"Song for Myla Goldberg\" was written years earlier, after Colin Meloy had been a media escort for the novelist Myla Goldberg during a",
"psg_id": "12502456"
},
{
"title": "Coastal Liner",
"text": "with the routes absorbed by Hunter Valley Buses. Coastal Liner operated services in the Outer Sydney Metropolitan Bus Service Region 11, which originally used to be part of Region 6 when the latter was created in 2008. As at August 2018, the fleet consisted of 31 buses and coaches. Fleet livery is white, green and yellow. In 2014 new buses appeared in a variation to the Transport for NSW white and blue livery. Coastal Liner operate out of a depot in Warnervale. Coastal Liner Coastal Liner is an Australian bus company operating services on the New South Wales Central Coast.",
"psg_id": "18377474"
},
{
"title": "Release liner",
"text": "Release liner A release liner is a paper or plastic-based film sheet (usually applied during the manufacturing process) used to prevent a sticky surface from prematurely adhering. It is coated on one or both sides with a release agent, which provides a release effect against any type of a sticky material such as an adhesive or a mastic. Release liners are available in different colors, with or without printing under the low surface energy coating or on the backside of the liner. \"Release\" is separation of the liner from a sticky material; \"liner\" is the carrier for the release agent.",
"psg_id": "12056760"
},
{
"title": "Luxury Liner (1948 film)",
"text": "Luxury Liner (1948 film) Luxury Liner is a 1948 romantic musical comedy film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in Technicolor. It was directed by Richard Whorf, and written by Richard Connell, Karl Kamb and Gladys Lehman. It was originally titled \"Maiden Voyage\". An earlier film with the same title \"Luxury Liner\" (1933), starred George Brent and Zita Johann, and was directed by Lothar Mendes. Jeremy Bradford, the captain of an ocean liner, visits his teenaged daughter named Polly, and takes her to see a performance of the opera \"Aida\". Polly is entranced by the singing talents of Olaf Eriksen and Zita Romanka.",
"psg_id": "13098830"
},
{
"title": "Olympic-class ocean liner",
"text": "competitors. Following the merger of White Star Line and Cunard Line in 1934, \"Olympic\" was taken out of service in 1935, and scrapped between 1935 and 1937. Second in line of the \"Olympic\" class, \"Titanic\" was launched on 31 May 1911, and her commissioning was slightly delayed due to ongoing repairs of \"Olympic\". The ship left the port of Southampton 10 April 1912 for her maiden voyage, narrowly avoiding a collision with SS \"New York\", a ship moored in the port pulled by the propellers of \"Titanic\". After a stopover at Cherbourg, France and another in Queenstown, Ireland, she sailed",
"psg_id": "9992861"
},
{
"title": "Japanese destroyer Ariake (1934)",
"text": "1933, launched on 23 September 1934 and commissioned on 25 March 1935. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, \"Ariake\" was assigned to Destroyer Division 27 of Destroyer Squadron 1 of the IJN 1st Fleet together with her sister ships , , and , and was based at Hashirajima in Japanese home waters on anti-submarine patrol. In January 1942, \"Ariake\" escorted aircraft carriers and to Palau and to Ambon during the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies, and was a participant in the Darwin air raid of 19 February 1942. Afterwards, she was based at Staring Bay, in",
"psg_id": "7900171"
},
{
"title": "Japanese destroyer Yūgure (1934)",
"text": "9 April 1933, launched on 6 May 1934 and commissioned on 30 March 1935. At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor, \"Yūgure\" was assigned to Destroyer Division 27 of Destroyer Squadron 1 of the IJN 1st Fleet together with her sister ships , , and , and was based at Hashirajima in Japanese home waters on anti-submarine patrol. In January 1942, \"Yūgure\" escorted aircraft carriers and to Palau and to Ambon during the invasion of the Netherlands East Indies, and was a participant in the Darwin air raid of 19 February 1942. Afterwards, she was based at Staring",
"psg_id": "7762006"
},
{
"title": "Pascual Liner",
"text": "over 50 buses, both air-conditioned and ordinary buses. 1. http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/574127/news/metro/30-hurt-in-edsa-multiple-vehicle-collision Pascual Liner Pascual Liner, Inc. (abbreviated as PLI) is a city operation transport company headquartered in Quirino Highway, Gulod, Novaliches, Quezon City, servicing in Metro Manila. It plies routes from Alabang, Muntinlupa City to Novaliches, Quezon City. The bus company is derived from the founders of the company – the Pascual clan – who managed the business until the present time. Established as a family-owned bus company in 1978 and managed business has grown from a 29-seater Buses (which were previously used for provincial operation to Central Luzon (except Bulacan).",
"psg_id": "18311521"
},
{
"title": "Kaiser-class ocean liner",
"text": "Lloyd\", thus commissioned their regular ship builders, AG Vulcan of Stettin, to construct an ocean liner demonstrating the power of the emperor and the German Empire. Having never ordered a liner of this size, the construction was followed closely and she would soon become the pride of the German people. At the advent of \"Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse\", the world was stunned by the idea of an ocean liner with four funnels. This novelty fascinated the world and the liner soon became a great success. Her interiors were distinctly German and were all designed by Johann Poppe, the house designer",
"psg_id": "15751367"
},
{
"title": "Landfill liner",
"text": "applied tensile stress less than its short-term tensile strength. ESC is a fairly common observation in HDPE geomembranes and thus needs to be evaluated carefully. Proper polymeric properties, such as molecular weight, orientation, and distribution, aid in ESC resistance. ASTM D5397 [standard test method for evaluation of stress crack resistance of polyolefin geomembranes using notched constant tensile load (NCTL)] provides the necessary procedure for measuring the ESC resistance of most HDPE geomembranes. The current recommended transition time for an acceptable HDPE geomembrane is around 100 h. Landfill liner A landfill liner, or composite liner, is intended to be a low",
"psg_id": "9768527"
},
{
"title": "Eye liner",
"text": "been frequently depicted in ancient Egyptian art. They produced eye liner with a variety of materials, including copper ore and antimony. Ancient Egyptian kohl contained galena, which was imported from nearby regions in the Land of Punt, Coptos and Western Asia. In the 1920s, Tutankhamun's tomb was discovered, introducing the use of eye liner to the Western world. The 1920s were an era commonly associated with many changes in women's fashion, and women felt freer to apply make-up more liberally. In the 1960s, liquid eye liner was used to create thick black and white lines around the eyes in the",
"psg_id": "8271007"
},
{
"title": "The Adventures of the Black Girl in Her Search for God",
"text": "her niblick. Another response, the \"Adventures of the Brown Girl (companion to the Black girl of Mr. Bernard Shaw) in her Search for God\" by Mr and Mrs I. I. Kazi was published in 1933 by A. H. Stockwell. This was a liberal Muslim reply which argued that the monotheistic view of the divine existed throughout history, and thus that \"every prophet preached Islam in its theistic aspects\". Other titles include W. R. Matthews' \"The Adventures of Gabriel in his Search for Mr. Shaw\" (1933) and \"The Adventures of the White Girl in her Search for Knowledge\" (1934) by Marcus",
"psg_id": "2293219"
},
{
"title": "The Woman of the Port (1934 film)",
"text": "The Woman of the Port (1934 film) The Woman of the Port () is a 1934 Mexican romantic drama film directed by Arcady Boytler and starring Andrea Palma. The film is based on the novel \"Le Port\" by French author Guy de Maupassant. Rosario (Andrea Palma) was the average Mexican girl that grew up in a humble household with her dad. Her boyfriend had promised to marry her and that they would be better off once he landed a decent job. The Father falls sick and isn’t able to work, leaving his daughter helpless because she was not wedded yet.",
"psg_id": "13286137"
},
{
"title": "One-liner program",
"text": "of the Unix operating system. The authors explain the birth of the \"one-liner\" paradigm with their daily work on early Unix machines: Notice that this original definition of a \"one-liner\" implies immediate execution of the program without any compilation. So, in a strict sense, only source code for interpreted languages qualifies as a \"one-liner\". But this strict understanding of a \"one-liner\" was broadened in 1985 when the IOCCC introduced the category of \"Best One Liner\" for C, which is a compiled language. One-liners are also used to show off the differential expressive power of programming languages. Frequently, one-liners are used",
"psg_id": "3585954"
},
{
"title": "Ocean liner",
"text": "liners increased from 1880 to meet the needs of immigration to the United States and Australia. In 1897, Norddeutscher Lloyd launched . She was followed three years later by three sister ships. The ship was both luxurious and fast, managing to steal the Blue Riband from the British. She was also the first of the fourteen ocean liners with four funnels that have emerged in maritime history. The ship needed only two funnels, but more funnels gave passengers a feeling of safety and power. In 1900, the Hamburg America Line competed with its own four-funnel liner, SS \"Deutschland\". She quickly",
"psg_id": "2122295"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Saf-T-Liner C2",
"text": "Thomas Saf-T-Liner C2 The Thomas Saf-T-Liner C2 (often shortened to Thomas C2) is a cowled-chassis bus manufactured by bus body manufacturer Thomas Built Buses. Introduced in 2004, the C2 marked the first usage of the Freightliner C2 chassis. While produced largely for school bus use, the C2 is also produced for multiple applications, including specialty and commercial configurations. The C2 is unique in that it is available in capacities up to 81 passengers, the largest of any type C conventional school bus in current production. Derived from the Freightliner Business Class M2 medium-duty truck, the C2 consolidated the Saf-T-Liner Conventional",
"psg_id": "9780574"
},
{
"title": "Olympic-class ocean liner",
"text": "Olympic-class ocean liner The \"Olympic\"-class ocean liners were a trio of British ocean liners built by the Harland & Wolff shipyard for the White Star Line during the early 20th century. They were (1911), (1912), and (1915). All three were designed to be the largest and most luxurious passenger ships in the world, designed to give White Star an advantage in the transatlantic passenger trade. Two were lost early in their careers: \"Titanic\" sank in 1912 on her maiden voyage, after hitting an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean, and \"Britannic\" in 1916, after hitting a mine laid by the",
"psg_id": "9992842"
},
{
"title": "Release liner",
"text": "the end product to it. An in-house producer makes the release liner and uses it internally to manufacture the final product. In-house producers are typically focused on a very narrow range of products e.g. labels or tapes. They use a limited amount of substrates and release materials, which are specialized for their end applications. As \"Liner\" material, the industry is using a wide variety of so-called substrates, which are the carrier materials of the release agent and which is needed to transport a sticky material from the manufacturer to an industrial or private end user. Typical liner materials are: Paper",
"psg_id": "12056762"
},
{
"title": "Release liner",
"text": "Globally there are between 400 and 500 companies involved in making or dealing with release liner products on an industrial scale. In general there are two types of companies which are manufacturing release liner. Commercial coating companies deal with a lot of different end uses of this industry. They provide unique solutions to their customers, based on a wide variety of substrates and an endless combination of release agents with specialized properties. Commercial coaters usually do not make finished products, just the release liner itself and then their customers will coat a sticky material on this liner and then apply",
"psg_id": "12056761"
},
{
"title": "Landfill liner",
"text": "that modern landfill designs delay but do not prevent ground and surface water pollution. Chipped or waste tires are used to support and insulate the liner. There are certain levels of harmfulness in which the different types of trash have; therefore, there are different types of liner systems which are required for these different types of disposal sites. The first type is single liner-systems. These systems usually are put within landfills which mostly hold construction rubble. These landfills are not meant to hold the disposal of harmful liquid wastes such as paint, tar, or any other type of liquid garbage",
"psg_id": "9768515"
},
{
"title": "Eye liner",
"text": "are others who use it for more than just an easy eye enlarger. There are many styles of eye liner. Most of them usually revolve around the winged eye liner, which is defining around your top eyelid shape and a line, about halfway toward the end of the eyebrow. It is usually connected to the defining around the top. However today there are some drastically toned eye liner. Nowadays it is also used on the lower lid of the eyes in different colors. Tight lining is the use of eye liner tight against the waterline under the lashes of the",
"psg_id": "8271011"
},
{
"title": "World's Largest Dungeon",
"text": "text. AEG estimated that the book would provide two years' worth of play time, and that it was not just the largest d20 book but also the largest role-playing game book ever produced at the time. Several blogs were established to chronicle adventures in the dungeon, which Alderac collected on their website. The World's Largest Dungeon was also parodied in Knights of the Dinner Table as the \"Biggest Damn Dungeon Ever\" which was a product by the fictional creators of Hackmaster, but unlike the World's Largest Dungeon, it was only an alphabetical collection of monsters. In 2006, the \"Guinness Book",
"psg_id": "6442957"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Saf-T-Liner",
"text": "safety regulations, Thomas became a chassis manufacturer with the launch of the Saf-T-Liner EF and ER (EF=Engine Front, ER=Engine Rear). For the first time, the Saf-T-Liner was produced on a Thomas-designed chassis. In 2001, Thomas introduced its current generation of rear-engine bus with the debut of the Thomas Saf-T-Liner HD (HD=Heavy Duty); for 2004, the HD was re-branded as the HDX. Serving as the replacement for the Saf-T-Liner ER and WestCoastER, the HD/HDX would use much of the same body, with the exception of the drivers' compartment forward. On the outside, the front roofcap was completely redesigned, fairing in the",
"psg_id": "10905116"
},
{
"title": "Bathtub liner",
"text": "the majority of bath tub liners manufactured are .250 1/4 inch or thinner. The thickest ABS acrylic capped bathtub liner material is .280” thick for shallow bathtubs and .325” for extra deep bath tubs. This provides additional stability from flexing. Bathtub liner Bathtub liners also known as tub liners, acrylic tub liners and tub inserts are made by vacuum forming an acrylic or PVC (poly vinyl chloride) sheet which is heated then formed in a mold by applying vacuum. Having the proper mold is important for the tub liner to fit properly. Typically a bathtub liner will fall between the",
"psg_id": "18608880"
},
{
"title": "Geosynthetic clay liner",
"text": "and “clay geosynthetic barriers”, the latter currently favored by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The engineering function of a GCL is containment as a hydraulic barrier to water, leachate or other liquids and sometimes gases. As such, they are used as replacements for either compacted clay liners or geomembranes, or they are used in a composite manner to augment the more traditional liner materials. The ultimate in liner security is probably a three component composite geomembrane/geosynthetic clay liner/compacted clay liner which has seen use as a landfill liner on many occasions. Geosynthetic clay liner Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are",
"psg_id": "8792349"
},
{
"title": "Landfill liner",
"text": "Landfill liner A landfill liner, or composite liner, is intended to be a low permeable barrier, which is laid down under engineered landfill sites. Until it deteriorates, the liner retards migration of leachate, and its toxic constituents, into underlying aquifers or nearby rivers, causing spoliation of the local water. Modern landfills generally require a layer of compacted clay with a minimum required thickness and a maximum allowable hydraulic conductivity, overlaid by a high-density polyethylene geomembrane. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has stated that the barriers \"will ultimately fail,\" while the site remains a threat for \"thousands of years,\" suggesting",
"psg_id": "9768514"
},
{
"title": "Eye liner",
"text": "upper lid, and above the lashes of the lower lid. Due to the proximity to the membranes, and the surface of the eye itself, waterproof eye liner is preferred. Tight lining is a technique which makes the eyelashes appear to start farther back on the eyelid, thus making them look longer. Gel eye liner and a small angled brush may be used to create this look. Depending on its texture, eye liner can be softly smudged or clearly defined. There are five main types of eye liner available on the market: each produces a different effect. Traditional wax-based eye liners",
"psg_id": "8271012"
},
{
"title": "Poncho liner",
"text": "Poncho liner A poncho liner is a piece of field gear originating in the United States military intended to provide warmth in mild temperatures used as a field expedient sleeping bag when attached to the standard issue poncho by means of integral lengths of material which are looped through the poncho's eyelets. Although it's unclear how this item originated, it was first fielded around 1962 to special forces troops in Vietnam. The poncho liner consists of two layers of quilted nylon encasing a polyester batting. There were tie-cords on the corners and side that could be tied through matching grommets",
"psg_id": "9987497"
},
{
"title": "JAC Liner",
"text": "Wi-Fi on board service through the help of Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDT) In March 2014, JAC Liner took over the Sta. Cruz line of Green Star Express. Months later, JAC Liner acquired the whole franchise of Greenstar and their remaining buses being transferred to LLI Bus Company, but they retained some units under the Green Star Express Inc. name. In 2015, JAC Liner took over Dagupan Bus Company Inc. and the provincial operations of Fermina Express in which has a total of at least 300 buses combined. It was also a debut to their new subsidiary, Metro Manila",
"psg_id": "13930903"
},
{
"title": "Jubilee-class ocean liner",
"text": "the Australia service with her maiden voyage which started from Liverpool on 3 August 1899, on her return voyage she carried Australian troops and horses to the Boer War which had started in October. She initially remained in commercial service after the outbreak of World War I, but was requisitioned under the Liner Requisition Scheme from 1917 to 1919, after which she returned to commercial service on the Australian route, until December 1927. In 1928 \"Medic\" was sold to A/S Hektor (N.Bugge) of Norway who renamed her \"Hektoria\" and converted her into a whaling factory ship. In 1932 \"Hektoria\" returned",
"psg_id": "20822863"
},
{
"title": "Pascual Liner",
"text": "California Bus Lines among others). VIL 5000 and Fran Vill Transit, Incorporated [FVTI]) came out from the old company and also returned with its units. Pascual Liner Inc. gave up its Baclaran-Novaliches route in favor of the Alabang-Novaliches route, while Vilfran Liner (now VIL 5000 and Fran Vill Transit, Incorporated [FVTI]) stuck to its old Baclaran-Novaliches route. Pascual liner Inc. continued its operation for EDSA line. In 2008 they operated a sister company known as RPBP Transport which also plied the same route but was mothballed in 2009 when the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (Philippines) reviewed that the",
"psg_id": "18311519"
},
{
"title": "TJ Liner",
"text": "at 23:20, 30 minutes after the last regular \"TJ Liner\" service. From the start of the revised timetable on 16 March 2013, an additional \"TJ Liner\" service was added on weekday evenings, departing from Ikebukuro at 21:30, and two more \"TJ Liner\" services were added on weekends, departing from Ikebukuro at 18:30 and 19:30. From this date, all \"TJ Liner\" services operated to Ogawamachi. On 22 January 2014, the \"TJ Liner\" service celebrated the 5 millionth passenger since the start of services in 2008. From 1 April 2014, the \"TJ Liner\" supplement fare was raised from 300 yen to 310",
"psg_id": "11624315"
},
{
"title": "In Time: The Best of R.E.M. 1988–2003",
"text": "was released at the same time. In 2005, Warner Bros. Records issued an expanded two-disc edition of the compilation which included a CD, a DVD-Audio disc containing a 5.1-channel surround sound mix of the album done by Elliot Scheiner, and the original CD booklet with expanded liner notes. The \"Rarities and B-Sides\" bonus disc from the limited edition is not included in this package. All songs written by Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills and Michael Stipe except as indicated. \"Later pressings of the collector's edition have the second disc enhanced with the\" \"Bad Day\" \"video.\" In Time: The Best",
"psg_id": "3168093"
},
{
"title": "RMS Majestic (1914)",
"text": "RMS Majestic (1914) RMS \"Majestic was a White Star ocean liner working on the North Atlantic run, originally launched in 1914 as the Hamburg America Line liner SS \"Bismarck. At 56,551 gross register tons, she was the largest ship in the world until completion of in 1935. The third and largest member of German HAPAG Line's trio of transatlantic liners, her completion was delayed by World War I. She never sailed under the German flag except on her sea trials in 1922. Following the war, she was finished by her German builders, handed over to the allies as war reparations",
"psg_id": "6638466"
},
{
"title": "Largest prehistoric animals",
"text": "largest-known frog ever was a yet unnamed species frog that was about . The largest-known diacectid, \"Diadectes\", was a heavily built animal, long, with thick vertebrae and ribs. The largest-known anthracosaur was \"Anthracosaurus\", a predator. It could reach up to in length. \"Eogyrinus\" commonly reached ; however, it was more lightly built. The largest-known temnospondyl amphibian is \"Prionosuchus\", which grew to lengths of . The largest-known of these was the long \"Rhizodus\". The largest-known bony fish of all time was the pachycormid, \"Leedsichthys problematicus\", at around long. Claims of larger individuals persist. The largest-known of ichthyodectiform fish was \"Xiphactinus\", which",
"psg_id": "13026312"
},
{
"title": "Landfill liner",
"text": "that can easily seep through a single liner system. The second type is double-liner systems. These systems are usually found in municipal solid waste landfills as well all hazardous waste landfills. The first part is constructed to collect the leachate while the second layer is engineered to be a leak-detection system to ensure that no contaminates leak into the ground and contaminate everything. Composite liners are required to be used in municipal solid waste systems for landfills and use a double liner system which is composed of a leachate system which is a liquid that collects solids from the substance",
"psg_id": "9768516"
},
{
"title": "JAC Liner",
"text": "JAC Liner Lucena Lines uses the terminals and facilities of JAC Liner including their main terminal in Buendia. Metro Manila Provincial Destinations Inter-Provincial Destinations With the under management of JAC Liner, Solid North uses the facilities of JAC Liner, including their main terminal in Cubao Metro Manila Provincial Destinations Inter-Provincial Destinations Under management of JAC Liner, Dagupan Bus uses the facilities of JAC Liner, including their main terminal in Cubao. Metro Manila Provincial Destinations Inter-Provincial Destinations JAC Liner once served Manila to Batangas City route. However, Yanson Group of Bus Companies came with an agreement with JAC Liner to open",
"psg_id": "13930905"
},
{
"title": "Hampton Luxury Liner",
"text": "was announced that Classic Coach Bus Company of Bohemia, New York will purchase the Hampton Luxury Liner. Classic Coach continues to operate the service under the Luxury Liner brand, but moved its headquarters to Classic Coach's depot in Bohemia. Classic Coach stated that it will increase service to run on an hourly frequency, though this change has not yet occurred. Classic Coach, which also owns 7Bus (formerly BoltBus Long Island), occasionally interchanges 7Bus-branded coaches with Luxury Liner vehicles depending on availability and maintenance. Hampton Luxury Liner line buses require advance reservations and payment, either via phone or online, and passengers",
"psg_id": "11880055"
},
{
"title": "SS La Touraine",
"text": "SS La Touraine SS \"La Touraine\" was an ocean liner that sailed for the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique from the 1890s to the 1920s. Built in France in 1891, she was primarily employed in transatlantic service on the North Atlantic. The liner was scrapped in Dunkirk in October 1923. \"La Touraine\" was laid down by Chantiers de [null Penhoët] for Compagnie Générale Transatlantique in Saint-Nazaire and launched 21 March 1890. Built for France to New York service, she was the fifth-largest steamer in the world at the time of her launch, preceded by the Great Eastern, City of Paris, City of",
"psg_id": "12087490"
}
] | [
"queen mary (disambiguation)",
"mary (queen consort)",
"queen mary of england",
"her majesty queen mary",
"mary regina",
"queen marie",
"queen mary",
"queen maria"
] |
in which country was anjelica huston born? | [
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "as Broadway producer Eileen Rand. In 2015 and 2016 Huston appeared in the second and third seasons of the Amazon Video series \"Transparent\". Huston has followed in her father's footsteps in the director's chair. Her first directorial credit was \"Bastard Out of Carolina\" (1996), followed by \"Agnes Browne\" (1999), in which she both directed and starred, and then \"Riding the Bus with My Sister\" (2005). For over 20 years, Huston has been developing a film project on Maud Gonne and William Butler Yeats. During a visit to the National Library of Ireland in 2010 to look through the Yeats collection,",
"psg_id": "1785354"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "the property and to serve on the advisory board for a new private club to be based there. In April 2014, Huston sold the house for $11.15 million. Anjelica Huston Anjelica Huston (; born July 8, 1951) is an American actress, director, producer, author, and former fashion model. Huston became the third generation of her family to receive an Academy Award, when she won Best Supporting Actress for her performance in 1985's \"Prizzi's Honor\", joining her father, director John Huston, and grandfather, actor Walter Huston. She received further Academy Award nominations for her performances in \"Enemies: A Love Story\" (1989)",
"psg_id": "1785359"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "Anjelica Huston Anjelica Huston (; born July 8, 1951) is an American actress, director, producer, author, and former fashion model. Huston became the third generation of her family to receive an Academy Award, when she won Best Supporting Actress for her performance in 1985's \"Prizzi's Honor\", joining her father, director John Huston, and grandfather, actor Walter Huston. She received further Academy Award nominations for her performances in \"Enemies: A Love Story\" (1989) and \"The Grifters\" (1990), for Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress, respectively. Huston earned BAFTA nominations for her work in two Woody Allen films: \"Crimes and Misdemeanors\" (1989)",
"psg_id": "1785346"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "(2007). On television, Huston has had recurring roles on \"Huff\" (2006), \"Medium\" (2008–09), and \"Transparent\" (2015–16). She won a Gracie Award for her portrayal of Eileen Rand on \"Smash\" (2012–13). Huston made her directorial debut with the 1996 film \"Bastard out of Carolina\". This was followed by \"Agnes Browne\" (1999), in which she also starred. She has written two memoirs: \"A Story Lately Told\" and \"Watch Me\". Huston was born in Santa Monica, California, and is the daughter of director and actor John Huston and prima ballerina and model Enrica Soma. Huston's paternal grandfather was Canadian-born actor Walter Huston. Huston",
"psg_id": "1785348"
},
{
"title": "Walter Huston",
"text": "Walter Huston Walter Thomas Huston (; né Houghston; April 5, 1883 – April 7, 1950) was a Canadian actor and singer. Huston won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre\", directed by his son John Huston. He is the patriarch of the four generations of the Huston acting family, including his son John, Anjelica Huston, Danny Huston, Allegra Huston and Jack Huston. The Huston family has three generations of Academy Award winners: Walter, his son John and John's daughter Anjelica. Huston was born in Toronto, Ontario, where he attended Winchester",
"psg_id": "1295755"
},
{
"title": "Danny Huston",
"text": "Danny Huston Daniel Sallis Huston (born May 14, 1962) is an American actor, writer, and director. Huston got his start directing \"Mr. North\" starring Anthony Edwards, Robert Mitchum, and Huston's half-sister, Anjelica Huston. Later, Huston gave his breakthrough acting performance in the independent film \"Ivans Xtc\" and was nominated for Best Male Performance at the Independent Spirit Awards in 2003. His film credits include \"Birth\" opposite Nicole Kidman, Martin Scorsese’s \"The Aviator\", for which the ensemble cast was nominated for a 2004 Screen Actors Guild Award, \"The Constant Gardener\", for which he received the Golden Satellite Award for Best Supporting",
"psg_id": "5998195"
},
{
"title": "Tony Huston",
"text": "currently a lawyer. Tony Huston Walter Anthony (Tony) Huston (born April 16, 1950; Malibu, California) is an American actor, writer, and assistant director. He is known for his work on \"The List of Adrian Messenger\" (1963), \"The Dead\" (1987), \"Wise Blood\" (1979), \"\" (2010), \"\" (2008), \"Look Up and Wave Your Glove\" (2005), \"Great Performances\" (2002), \"\" (2001), and \"John Huston and the Dubliners\" (1987). He is the son of John Huston and Enrica Soma, and sibling of Anjelica Huston, Danny Huston, and Allegra Huston. His son is actor Jack Huston. He was born in Los Angeles County, California, United",
"psg_id": "18561413"
},
{
"title": "Tony Huston",
"text": "Tony Huston Walter Anthony (Tony) Huston (born April 16, 1950; Malibu, California) is an American actor, writer, and assistant director. He is known for his work on \"The List of Adrian Messenger\" (1963), \"The Dead\" (1987), \"Wise Blood\" (1979), \"\" (2010), \"\" (2008), \"Look Up and Wave Your Glove\" (2005), \"Great Performances\" (2002), \"\" (2001), and \"John Huston and the Dubliners\" (1987). He is the son of John Huston and Enrica Soma, and sibling of Anjelica Huston, Danny Huston, and Allegra Huston. His son is actor Jack Huston. He was born in Los Angeles County, California, United States; he is",
"psg_id": "18561412"
},
{
"title": "Danny Huston",
"text": "They had one daughter named Stella. He dated his \"Magic City\" co-star Olga Kurylenko for approximately a year. Danny Huston Daniel Sallis Huston (born May 14, 1962) is an American actor, writer, and director. Huston got his start directing \"Mr. North\" starring Anthony Edwards, Robert Mitchum, and Huston's half-sister, Anjelica Huston. Later, Huston gave his breakthrough acting performance in the independent film \"Ivans Xtc\" and was nominated for Best Male Performance at the Independent Spirit Awards in 2003. His film credits include \"Birth\" opposite Nicole Kidman, Martin Scorsese’s \"The Aviator\", for which the ensemble cast was nominated for a 2004",
"psg_id": "5998202"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "the 1998 Hollywood blockbuster \"Ever After: A Cinderella Story\" alongside Drew Barrymore and Melanie Lynskey as the Baroness Rodmilla De Ghent. She starred in two Wes Anderson films, \"The Royal Tenenbaums\" (2001) and \"The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou\" (2004), as well as appearing in a minor role in 2007's \"The Darjeeling Limited\". She voiced the role of Queen Clarion in the \"Disney Fairies\" film series starring Tinker Bell. Huston received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on January 22, 2010. In 2011, Huston was in the film \"\". Huston later appeared on the NBC television series \"Smash\"",
"psg_id": "1785353"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "early 1970s, Huston, with Pat Cleveland, Pat Ast, Karen Bjornson, Alva Chinn, and others, became one of fashion designer Halston's favored troupe of models, nicknamed the Halstonettes. Huston studied acting in the early 1980s after deciding to focus more on films. Her first notable role was in Bob Rafelson's remake of \"The Postman Always Rings Twice\" (1981). Later, her father cast her as Maerose, daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man (Jack Nicholson) in the film adaptation of Richard Condon's Mafia-satire novel \"Prizzi's Honor\" (1985). Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her",
"psg_id": "1785351"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "Gregory Peck, whom her father directed in \"Moby Dick\" (1956). The two first met on the set of the film when she was four years old while Peck was in costume as Captain Ahab. Decades later, after her father's death, Huston reunited with Peck and maintained a friendship that lasted until his death. Huston's home went on the market for $18 million in 2010, but initially failed to sell. In September 2012, the \"New York Post\" reported that Huston was planning to transform her house into a private social club; the actress was said to have accepted $12 million for",
"psg_id": "1785358"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "Huston said that she was still developing the project. Huston led a letter campaign organized by the U.S. Campaign for Burma and Human Rights Action Center in November 2007. The letter, signed by over twenty five high-profile individuals from the entertainment business, was addressed to the United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon and urged him to \"personally intervene\" to secure the release of Nobel Peace Prize recipient Aung San Suu Kyi of Burma. In 1995 Hudson donated $500 to the Irish republican political party Sinn Féin. She has also attended Sinn Féin events and supported Martin McGuinness in his bid",
"psg_id": "1785355"
},
{
"title": "Danny Huston",
"text": "and author Zoe Sallis and director John Huston, adoptive half-brother of Pablo Huston, half-brother of actress Anjelica Huston and screenwriter Tony Huston, uncle of actor Jack Huston, and grandson of Academy Award-winning actor Walter Huston. His father was an American and Irish citizen, and also had English, Welsh, Scotch-Irish and Scottish ancestry, and his mother was of Indian and English descent. His father, John Huston, produced Danny's first feature as a director, \"Mr. North\", an adaptation of Thornton Wilder's last novel, \"Theophilus North\". In 1995's \"Leaving Las Vegas\", he moved in front of the camera and has since acted in",
"psg_id": "5998197"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Huston",
"text": "Their relationship lasted almost four years. She met Jack Nicholson in 1973 and they lived together, on and off, from that year until 1990, when the media reported he had fathered a child with Rebecca Broussard. On May 23, 1992, Huston married sculptor Robert Graham. The couple lived in a three-story house, designed by Graham, at 69 Windward Avenue in Venice, California, until his death on December 27, 2008. She does not have any children. Huston wrote her memoirs as one 900-page book; she split it into two books at her publisher's urging. She was a close friend of actor",
"psg_id": "1785357"
},
{
"title": "Allegra Huston",
"text": "she was brought up by film director John Huston (1906–87), her mother's estranged husband (Soma was his fourth wife). Allegra Huston's siblings include actress and director Anjelica Huston, writer Tony Huston, actor and director Danny Huston, writer Artemis Cooper and architect Jason Cooper. After gaining a First Class degree in English Language and Literature from Hertford College, Oxford, Huston worked in book publishing in London, first at Chatto & Windus and then at Weidenfeld & Nicolson, where she was Editorial Director from 1990 to 1994. After two years as Acquisition and Development Consultant at Pathe Films, London, she left to",
"psg_id": "13248711"
},
{
"title": "John Huston",
"text": "Man Who Would Be King\" (1975). During his 46-year career, Huston received 15 Oscar nominations, won twice, and directed both his father, Walter Huston, and daughter, Anjelica Huston, to Oscar wins in different films. Huston was known to direct with the vision of an artist, having studied and worked as a fine art painter in Paris in his early years. He continued to explore the visual aspects of his films throughout his career, sketching each scene on paper beforehand, then carefully framing his characters during the shooting. While most directors rely on post-production editing to shape their final work, Huston",
"psg_id": "545632"
},
{
"title": "Walter Huston",
"text": "of Huston's grandchildren have become actors, as well as his great-grandson. Granddaughter Anjelica sang his famous \"September Song\" on the May 7, 2012 episode of the NBC TV series \"Smash\". In 1998, John Weld wrote and published the biographical book \"September Song – An Intimate Biography of Walter Huston\". Walter Huston Walter Thomas Huston (; né Houghston; April 5, 1883 – April 7, 1950) was a Canadian actor and singer. Huston won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his role in \"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre\", directed by his son John Huston. He is the patriarch of",
"psg_id": "1295763"
},
{
"title": "Jack Huston",
"text": "later attended Hurtwood House, a drama institute. His mother is English and his father is American. His paternal aunt is actress Anjelica Huston, and his paternal uncle is actor Danny Huston. His paternal grandparents were American director John Huston (who became an Irish citizen) and model/dancer Enrica Soma, and his maternal grandparents were Hugh Cholmondeley, 6th Marquess of Cholmondeley and Lavinia Margaret (née Leslie). Huston is the nephew of David Cholmondeley, 7th Marquess of Cholmondeley. On his father's side, he has Italian, Irish, Scottish, and English ancestry, and is a great-grandson of Canadian actor Walter Huston. Through his maternal grandfather's",
"psg_id": "9422695"
},
{
"title": "John Huston",
"text": "prime interest in the image, the moving portrait and the use of color.\" Huston explored the use of \"stylistic framing\", especially well-planned close-ups, in much of his directing. In his first film, \"The Maltese Falcon\", for instance, Huston sketched out all of his scenes beforehand, \"like canvases of paintings\". His daughter, Anjelica Huston, adds that even for his subsequent films, he sketched storyboards \"constantly\". She agrees that for her father, \"it was a form of study, and my father was a painter, a very good one.\" She also notes that \"there was an extremely developed sensory quality about my father,",
"psg_id": "545693"
},
{
"title": "Claudius H. Huston",
"text": "that the Tennessee River Improvement Association of which Mr. Huston had been president was one of the organizations that had been exerting pressure. As a result of the inquiry, Mr. Huston resigned as Republican National Committee Chairman August 7, 1930. His daughter Alice married Fulton Lewis, a famous national radio broadcaster from Washington, D.C. Claudius H. Huston Claudius Hart Huston (1876–1952) was a prominent industrialist and politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee, he became a leader in the development of the Tennessee River. Mr. Huston was born in Boone Township, Harrison Country, Indiana. He attended a rural one-room schoolhouse",
"psg_id": "12893613"
},
{
"title": "John Huston",
"text": "up. He didn't like any of that; he was not intrigued or attracted by it.\" She notes that, in contrast, \"he liked to be in the wild places; he liked animals as much as he liked people.\" It has been suggested that John Huston was an atheist, but his religious beliefs are hard to determine. His daughter, Anjelica, was raised Roman Catholic. He was married five times: Four of his marriages ended in divorce. His fourth wife, Enrica Soma, died in a car accident in 1969, while they were married. In addition to his children with Soma, he fathered a",
"psg_id": "545699"
},
{
"title": "John Huston",
"text": "Paris, a cavalry rider in Mexico, and a documentary filmmaker during World War II. Besides sports and adventure, he enjoyed hard liquor and relationships with women of all types — one of the reasons he was married five times. Stevens describes him as someone who \"lived life to its fullest\". Barson even suggests that Huston's \"flamboyant life\" as a rebel would possibly make for \"an even more engaging tale than most of his movies\". His daughter, Anjelica Huston, notes that he did not like Hollywood, and \"especially despised Beverly Hills ... he thought it was just fake from the ground",
"psg_id": "545698"
},
{
"title": "John Huston",
"text": "has the unique distinction of directing both his father Walter and his daughter Anjelica in Oscar-winning performances (in \"The Treasure of the Sierra Madre\" and \"Prizzi's Honor\", respectively), making the Hustons the first family to have three generations of Academy Award winners. He also directed her in \"Sinful Davey\" in 1969. In addition, he also directed 13 other actors in Oscar-nominated performances: Sydney Greenstreet, Claire Trevor, Sam Jaffe, Humphrey Bogart, Katharine Hepburn, José Ferrer, Colette Marchand, Deborah Kerr, Grayson Hall, Susan Tyrrell, Albert Finney, Jack Nicholson and William Hickey. In 1960, Huston was honored with a star on the Hollywood",
"psg_id": "545695"
},
{
"title": "Nancy Huston",
"text": "Nancy Huston Nancy Louise Huston, OC (born September 16, 1953) is a Canadian-born novelist and essayist who writes primarily in French and translates her own works into English. Huston was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, the city in which she lived until age fifteen, at which time her family moved to Wilton, New Hampshire, where she attended High Mowing School. She studied at Sarah Lawrence College in New York City, where she was given the opportunity to spend a year of her studies in Paris. Arriving in Paris in 1973, Huston obtained a master's degree from the École des hautes",
"psg_id": "712577"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Selden",
"text": "pitching coach. Anjelica Selden Anjelica Maria Selden (born April 26, 1986) is an American softball coach and former pitcher. A collegiate All-American originally from Vacaville, California, she was the starting pitcher and holds the career crown for strikeouts for the UCLA Bruins, playing from 2005-2008 in the Pac-12. Selden was a standout player who eventually earned the 2004 Softball National Gatorade Player of The Year Award. She also owns high school national records for ERA (0.06; best mark ever) and shutouts (82). As a senior, she pitched 10 consecutive no-hitters and seven perfect games. Selden began her career by earning",
"psg_id": "7987127"
},
{
"title": "Anjelica Selden",
"text": "Anjelica Selden Anjelica Maria Selden (born April 26, 1986) is an American softball coach and former pitcher. A collegiate All-American originally from Vacaville, California, she was the starting pitcher and holds the career crown for strikeouts for the UCLA Bruins, playing from 2005-2008 in the Pac-12. Selden was a standout player who eventually earned the 2004 Softball National Gatorade Player of The Year Award. She also owns high school national records for ERA (0.06; best mark ever) and shutouts (82). As a senior, she pitched 10 consecutive no-hitters and seven perfect games. Selden began her career by earning 2005 Second",
"psg_id": "7987118"
},
{
"title": "Virginia Huston",
"text": "Robert Mitchum's girlfriend. She appeared in \"The Racket\" (1951), which also starred Mitchum, and in the Joan Crawford dramas \"Flamingo Road\" (1949) and \"Sudden Fear\" (1952). Huston suffered a broken back in an automobile accident, which disrupted her career at its peak. When she returned, she dropped to minor roles and \"B\"-level films. Huston married Manus Paul Clinton II, a real estate agent, and retired from films. Huston died of cancer in 1981. Virginia Huston Virginia Huston (April 24, 1925 – February 28, 1981) was an American actress. Huston was born in Wisner, Nebraska, the daughter of Marcus and Mary",
"psg_id": "5816338"
},
{
"title": "Claudius H. Huston",
"text": "Claudius H. Huston Claudius Hart Huston (1876–1952) was a prominent industrialist and politician from the U.S. state of Tennessee, he became a leader in the development of the Tennessee River. Mr. Huston was born in Boone Township, Harrison Country, Indiana. He attended a rural one-room schoolhouse and Valparaiso University. He earned his tuition with a $30 a month teaching post and by working as a farm hand. In 1897 he arrived in Chattanooga in a freight car as custodian of a cousin's cattle and horses. Shortly afterwards, he moved and made his home in Chattanooga, Tennessee where he later obtained",
"psg_id": "12893607"
},
{
"title": "Nyjah Huston",
"text": "Nyjah Huston Nyjah Imani Huston (born November 30, 1994) is an American professional skateboarder and was the overall champion at the Street League Skateboarding (SLS) competition series in 2010, 2012, 2014,and 2017. He is also the highest paid skateboarder in the world. As of May 19, 2013, Huston has won more prize money than any other skateboarder in history. In 2014, Huston ranked #5 on FoxWeekly's 'Top 15 Most Influential Skateboarders of All-Time'. Huston was born in Davis, California. He was raised in San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico. Huston started skating when he was only four years old. Huston revealed in",
"psg_id": "8264546"
},
{
"title": "Nancy Huston",
"text": "an honorary doctorate from the University of Liège. In 2010, she received an honorary doctorate from the University of Ottawa. In 2012, she won the Literary Review's Bad Sex in Fiction Award for her novel, \"Infrared\". Nancy Huston Nancy Louise Huston, OC (born September 16, 1953) is a Canadian-born novelist and essayist who writes primarily in French and translates her own works into English. Huston was born in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, the city in which she lived until age fifteen, at which time her family moved to Wilton, New Hampshire, where she attended High Mowing School. She studied at Sarah",
"psg_id": "712583"
},
{
"title": "Murder of Anjelica Castillo",
"text": "a conversation two years prior between a mother and another person regarding the disappearance of her daughter. This information led investigators to Margarita Castillo, and DNA comparisons confirmed that she was the mother of \"Baby Hope\"—who could now be identified as Anjelica Castillo. Now that Anjelica was identified, a sign with her name was placed on her headstone, which had been marked as \"Baby Hope\". Once investigators had identified Anjelica and her family, further effort led them to the names of her paternal cousins – 52-year-old Conrado Juarez and his already deceased sister, Balvina Juarez-Ramirez. Juarez was questioned by detectives",
"psg_id": "18268687"
},
{
"title": "The Dead (1987 film)",
"text": "The Dead (1987 film) The Dead is a 1987 feature film directed by John Huston, starring his daughter Anjelica Huston. \"The Dead\" was the last film that Huston directed, and it was released posthumously. It was adapted from the short story \"The Dead\" by James Joyce, which was included in his short works collection \"Dubliners\". The film takes place in Dublin in 1904 at an Epiphany party held by two sisters and their niece. The story focuses attention on the academic Gabriel Conroy (Donal McCann) and his discovery of his wife Gretta's (Anjelica Huston) memory of a deceased lover. \"The",
"psg_id": "3325625"
},
{
"title": "Jack Huston",
"text": "Jack Huston Jack Alexander Huston (born 7 December 1982) is an English-American actor. He appeared as Richard Harrow in the HBO television drama series \"Boardwalk Empire\". He also had a supporting role in the 2013 film \"American Hustle\", and played the eponymous \"Ben-Hur\" in the 2016 historical drama. Huston was born in King's Lynn, Norfolk, the son of Lady Margot Lavinia (née Cholmondeley) and actor, writer, and assistant director Walter Anthony Huston, known as Tony Huston. Huston decided to become an actor at the age of six, after playing the title role in a school production of \"Peter Pan\". He",
"psg_id": "9422694"
},
{
"title": "Jack Huston",
"text": "narrator on avant-garde musician John Zorn's album A Vision in Blakelight, an homage to William Blake. In 2013, he appeared in David O. Russell's comedy-drama \"American Hustle\", as Pete Musane. Later that year, Huston played Charles Bruno in \"Strangers on a Train\" at London's Gielgud Theatre. He will be guest starring in the seventh season of the VH1 television series \"Eyes Closed\", with James McAvoy and Kate Winslet. Huston began dating American model Shannan Click in 2011. Huston and Click have one daughter born in 2013, and one son born in 2016. Jack Huston Jack Alexander Huston (born 7 December",
"psg_id": "9422698"
},
{
"title": "Virginia Huston",
"text": "Virginia Huston Virginia Huston (April 24, 1925 – February 28, 1981) was an American actress. Huston was born in Wisner, Nebraska, the daughter of Marcus and Mary Agnes Houston, and she had two brothers. Once she started her acting career, she changed the spelling of her last name to match that of Walter and John Huston. She attended Duchesne Catholic School for Girls in Omaha and appeared in stage productions as a student there. When Huston was 12, she first appeared on radio in an episode of \"Calling All Cars\". Huston gained early experience on stage by appearing in plays",
"psg_id": "5816336"
},
{
"title": "Huston Wyeth",
"text": "Huston Wyeth Huston Wyeth (1863–1925) was an American industrialist and a prominent businessman and social figure in St. Joseph, Missouri. Huston Wyeth was born in St. Joseph, Missouri on 8 July 1863, to William Maxwell Wyeth (1832–1901) and Eliza Renick Wyeth (1837–1920). Huston had two siblings, including Sue Maud (1861–1897). William's brothers, John and Frank, founded the Wyeth pharmaceutical company. Huston Wyeth began investing in cattle at age 17. He attended the Racine Business College in Wisconsin. Upon returning to St. Joseph, Huston associated initially with the hardware firm of Lyon & Judson. He then began work at his father's",
"psg_id": "18148236"
},
{
"title": "Huston Wyeth",
"text": "of the Oregon Trail, and is a traditional site for couples to watch the sunset. Huston Wyeth died 25 January 1925, in Miami and is buried at Mount Mora Cemetery in Saint Joseph. Huston Wyeth Huston Wyeth (1863–1925) was an American industrialist and a prominent businessman and social figure in St. Joseph, Missouri. Huston Wyeth was born in St. Joseph, Missouri on 8 July 1863, to William Maxwell Wyeth (1832–1901) and Eliza Renick Wyeth (1837–1920). Huston had two siblings, including Sue Maud (1861–1897). William's brothers, John and Frank, founded the Wyeth pharmaceutical company. Huston Wyeth began investing in cattle at",
"psg_id": "18148239"
},
{
"title": "Darren Huston",
"text": "Darren Huston Darren R. Huston (born 3 January 1966) is a Canadian businessman and the former president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Priceline, and Booking.com. Darren R. Huston was born on 3 January 1966 in Hope, British Columbia, Canada. He completed his high school education at the United World College of the Adriatic in Italy, received a BS in Economics from Trent University, an MA in Economics from the University of British Columbia, and an MBA from the Harvard Business School. From 1990 to 1992 Huston was an economic advisor in the Canadian government. From 1994 to 1998 he",
"psg_id": "18882249"
},
{
"title": "Felix Huston",
"text": "Felix Huston Felix Huston (1800–1857) was a lawyer, soldier, military opportunist and the first commanding general of the Army of the Republic of Texas under the Constitution of 1836. Huston was born in Kentucky. He was a slave trader, planter, Whig politician, and attorney in Natchez, Mississippi. Receiving news of the Texas Revolution, he raised and equipped troops (often at his own expense) and money throughout Mississippi and Kentucky. He left Natchez on May 5, 1836, with 500 to 700 volunteers to join the Texian army, but arrived well after the Battle of San Jacinto in which Mexican President General",
"psg_id": "5479094"
},
{
"title": "Roger Huston",
"text": "Little Brown Jug Wall of Fame in 2000. Huston has been married twice, and has one daughter by each marriage. Each daughter was named after a horse, Cami Sue and Nevele Pride. Roger Huston Roger Huston (born September 16, 1942), known as \"The Voice\", is a harness race announcer. He has announced over 167,000 races in his career, covering at least 126 different tracks in 17 states and 7 countries (as of 2014). Born and raised in Xenia, Ohio, Huston grew up with a love of sports statistics. He learned race calling from his uncle, who called races at Lebanon",
"psg_id": "18712925"
},
{
"title": "James N. Huston",
"text": "to be Treasurer of the United States and Huston subsequently held that office from May 11, 1889 until April 24, 1891. After leaving office, Huston later became president of the National Trust Company. On January 3, 1910, Huston and two associates were indicted in Washington, D.C. for mail fraud. He was convicted on December 14, 1910. Huston died in 1927. James N. Huston James Nelson Huston (1849 – 1927) was a United States banker, businessman, and politician who served as Treasurer of the United States from 1889 to 1891. James N. Huston was born in Greencastle, Pennsylvania in 1849, the",
"psg_id": "15440647"
},
{
"title": "Josh Huston",
"text": "practice squad of the Cincinnati Bengals on October 10, 2007, only to be cut five days later. On August 15, 2008, Huston was re-signed by the Giants. However, due to his struggles in preseason the Giants waived him on August 30, 2008. On January 7, 2008, Huston won the \"Alumni Kicker Challenge\" for his \"alma mater\" OSU during halftime of the 2008 BCS National Championship, against the former LSU kicker David Browndyke. Huston won $100,000 for the general scholarship fund of Ohio State. Josh Huston Josh Huston (born February 28, 1982) is a former American football placekicker. He was signed",
"psg_id": "7653970"
},
{
"title": "Paula Huston",
"text": "Paula Huston Paula Huston (born April 25, 1952) is an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and creative nonfiction writer. Paula Huston was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the eldest of five children of Lyle and Solveig Dahl, and grew up in Long Beach, California, where she attended Millikan High School. She married her first husband a year after graduation, and in 1973, they moved to the San Luis Obispo area, where she began writing and publishing short stories. Her daughter, Andrea, was born in 1977, and her son, John, arrived in 1978. Divorced in the early 1980s, she married Michael",
"psg_id": "19101795"
},
{
"title": "Perdita Huston",
"text": "and acted as consultant with UNDP, UNIFEM, UNFPA and UNICEF. From 1997, she returned to work for the Peace Corps as a Country Director in Mali and then Bulgaria. The Perdita Huston Human Rights Award is supported by the Washington D.C. chapter of the United Nations Association of the United States of America. The awardees include 2003 - Sima Samar 2004 - Madame Fatumata Traore 2005 - Ms. Ranjana Gaur 2006 - Sunitha Krishnan 2007 - Zipporah Sein, Bishnu Pariyar, and Samar Minallah 2011- Zainab Salbi Perdita Huston Perdita Constance Huston (May 2, 1936 – December 4, 2001) was an",
"psg_id": "8979983"
},
{
"title": "Murder of Anjelica Castillo",
"text": "mother, Margarita Castillo, figured that he had taken Anjelica and her sister and returned to his native Mexico. In reality, he left Anjelica in New York, taking her to stay with the children's grown cousin, Balvina Juarez-Ramirez, who lived in a house in Astoria, Queens. Years later, Balvina's brother/Anjelica's cousin, Conrado Juarez, admitted to torturing, raping and sodomizing the child before smothering her. Juarez, who was 30 years old at the time of the murder, had bound Anjelica to a table in his sister's apartment and deprived her of water on multiple occasions. Juarez claimed he originally did not intend",
"psg_id": "18268681"
},
{
"title": "James N. Huston",
"text": "James N. Huston James Nelson Huston (1849 – 1927) was a United States banker, businessman, and politician who served as Treasurer of the United States from 1889 to 1891. James N. Huston was born in Greencastle, Pennsylvania in 1849, the son of William Huston (1801–1875) and his wife, Isabella E. (Duncan) Huston. In 1851, his father settled in Connersville, Indiana and in 1870 was one of the co-founders of a local bank known as the Citizens' Bank. William Huston amassed a large fortune that he left to James at his death on January 5, 1875. He became the owner of",
"psg_id": "15440645"
},
{
"title": "Nancy Huston Banks",
"text": "Cooper commented that \"Few are so fortunate as Mrs. Banks in knowing the range and boundaries of their intellectual gardens, the thoughts and fancies that will best flower therein.\" Nancy Huston married lawyer James N. Banks. She died in 1934, aged 84 years. Nancy Huston Banks Nancy Huston Banks (October 28, 1849 – April 6, 1934) was an American journalist, literary critic, and novelist from Kentucky. Nancy Huston was born at Morganfield, Kentucky, the daughter of George Huston, a judge, and Sallie Brady Huston. She was educated at the Convent of St. Vincent. During the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago",
"psg_id": "20171732"
},
{
"title": "Chris Huston",
"text": "their albums through the 1970s and 1980s, winning a Grammy Award for \"The World is A Ghetto\" (1973). He also worked with James Brown, Ben E. King and many others. Huston has subsequently become a consultant and lecturer on acoustics, building design, recording techniques and record production, based near Nashville, Tennessee. Chris Huston Christopher John 'Chris' Huston (born 25 June 1943) is a British born record engineer and guitarist. Huston arrived in Wallasey, near Liverpool, toward the end of World War II from an orphanage in North Wales. As a teenager he began studies at the Liverpool College of Art,",
"psg_id": "8888834"
},
{
"title": "Martin Huston",
"text": "Martin Huston Martin W. Huston (February 8, 1941–August 1, 2001), was an American actor of primarily television and stage. Huston's longest-running role was as the teenager Skipper Bradley on the syndicated television series \"Jungle Jim\". He played the son of the Johnny Weissmuller lead character, Jim \"Jungle Jim\" Bradley, a guide, hunter, and explorer of Africa, Asia, and South America. The series also featured Dean Fredericks as Kaseem, Bradley's Hindu manservant; Paul Cavanagh as Commissioner Morrison, and a chimpanzee called Tamba, who was particularly friendly on and off the set with young Huston. Huston was born in Lexington in Fayette",
"psg_id": "14262790"
},
{
"title": "Perdita Huston",
"text": "Perdita Huston Perdita Constance Huston (May 2, 1936 – December 4, 2001) was an American journalist and women's rights activist. She is commemorated by the international Perdita Huston Human Rights Award. Born in Portland, Maine, Huston studied in France and later worked in Africa. She was director of public affairs for TIME magazine in French-speaking countries, and in 1978 became a Regional Director of the Peace Corps. Her first book \"Message from the Village\" was also published in 1978. She later worked for the World Conservation Union (IUCN) in Switzerland and at the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) in London",
"psg_id": "8979982"
},
{
"title": "Felix Huston",
"text": "republic to the United States. However, by the late 1850s, Huston had become an ardent secessionist. In 1851, he spoke at a rally in New Orleans supporting Cuban independence from Spain. In 1857, he died in Natchez, Mississippi. Felix Huston Felix Huston (1800–1857) was a lawyer, soldier, military opportunist and the first commanding general of the Army of the Republic of Texas under the Constitution of 1836. Huston was born in Kentucky. He was a slave trader, planter, Whig politician, and attorney in Natchez, Mississippi. Receiving news of the Texas Revolution, he raised and equipped troops (often at his own",
"psg_id": "5479099"
},
{
"title": "Josh Huston",
"text": "Josh Huston Josh Huston (born February 28, 1982) is a former American football placekicker. He was signed by the Chicago Bears as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He played college football at Ohio State. Huston was also a member of the Las Vegas Gladiators, New York Giants and Cincinnati Bengals. Huston played high school football at Findlay High School where he earned first-team All-Ohio honors as a junior. His holder at Findlay was the current National Football League quarterback Ben Roethlisberger. His high school career ended when the Findlay Trojans lost in the Division I regional semifinals to Grove",
"psg_id": "7653966"
},
{
"title": "John Huston (golfer)",
"text": "= Withdrew<br> DQ = Disqualified<br> \"T\" = tied Professional John Huston (golfer) Johnny Ray Huston (born June 1, 1961) is an American professional golfer who won seven PGA Tour events and currently plays on the Champions Tour. Huston was born in Mt. Vernon, Illinois. He attended Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama and was a member of the golf team. Huston turned professional in 1983. He won seven PGA Tour events and has had more than 80 top-10 finishes in his career. He has a history of being a \"streaky\" player, who either plays extremely well or mediocre. At the 1998",
"psg_id": "8099061"
},
{
"title": "John Huston (golfer)",
"text": "John Huston (golfer) Johnny Ray Huston (born June 1, 1961) is an American professional golfer who won seven PGA Tour events and currently plays on the Champions Tour. Huston was born in Mt. Vernon, Illinois. He attended Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama and was a member of the golf team. Huston turned professional in 1983. He won seven PGA Tour events and has had more than 80 top-10 finishes in his career. He has a history of being a \"streaky\" player, who either plays extremely well or mediocre. At the 1998 United Airlines Hawaiian Open, he broke a 53-year-old record",
"psg_id": "8099058"
},
{
"title": "Carol Huston",
"text": "Carol Huston Carol Huston is an American actress and singer. Huston was born in Chicago, and grew up in Des Plaines, Illinois. Huston attended Forest View High School in nearby Arlington Heights, where she participated in its performing arts program, headed by Dr. Jack Martin and Jerry Swanson. She started her early professional training there as a singer and actress. She attended Wheaton College as a voice major. She also, at the time, performed throughout Chicago as an actor and singer, most notably at the Goodman Theater. She was also a member of the Chicago Sunday Evening Club Chorale, appearing",
"psg_id": "16424270"
},
{
"title": "Paula Huston",
"text": "single summer Sunday Mass what millions of Catholics and those interested in Catholicism have experienced many times over . . . Her worries are our worries, her doubts our doubts, her convictions our convictions, beautifully rendered and surprised by joy. . . To say I loved this book would be an understatement.\" Paula Huston Paula Huston (born April 25, 1952) is an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, and creative nonfiction writer. Paula Huston was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the eldest of five children of Lyle and Solveig Dahl, and grew up in Long Beach, California, where she attended Millikan",
"psg_id": "19101803"
},
{
"title": "Nancy Huston Banks",
"text": "Nancy Huston Banks Nancy Huston Banks (October 28, 1849 – April 6, 1934) was an American journalist, literary critic, and novelist from Kentucky. Nancy Huston was born at Morganfield, Kentucky, the daughter of George Huston, a judge, and Sallie Brady Huston. She was educated at the Convent of St. Vincent. During the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893, Banks was on the Board of Lady Managers, and worked for the fair as a writer and editor. Banks moved to New York to pursue a writing career in the early 1890s. She was on staff at \"The Bookman\" magazine in",
"psg_id": "20171730"
},
{
"title": "Carol Huston",
"text": "acting in 2003 to become a real estate agent in California. Carol married Gerald \"Jerry\" Watts Jr., on July 20, 2003. She has a daughter, Morgan, from a previous relationship. She also has a grandson, Rhys. Carol Huston Carol Huston is an American actress and singer. Huston was born in Chicago, and grew up in Des Plaines, Illinois. Huston attended Forest View High School in nearby Arlington Heights, where she participated in its performing arts program, headed by Dr. Jack Martin and Jerry Swanson. She started her early professional training there as a singer and actress. She attended Wheaton College",
"psg_id": "16424272"
},
{
"title": "Nyjah Huston",
"text": "in cars and jewelry he is not yet the owner of a home; however, he also confirmed an intention to purchase a home. Huston published photographs of a newly purchased home on his Instagram profile in September 2013. According to an \"Orange County Register\" report, published on June 11, 2014 (updated on June 24, 2014), Huston is living in a home valued at US$2.7 million, located in San Juan Capistrano, California. Nyjah Huston Nyjah Imani Huston (born November 30, 1994) is an American professional skateboarder and was the overall champion at the Street League Skateboarding (SLS) competition series in 2010,",
"psg_id": "8264558"
},
{
"title": "Samuel B. Huston",
"text": "Samuel B. Huston Samuel Bruce Huston (March 16, 1858 – November 30, 1920) was an American politician and lawyer in Oregon. Originally a Democrat and later a Republican, he served in both chambers of the Oregon Legislative Assembly and was twice the mayor of Hillsboro, Oregon. A native of Indiana, he served in the state senate as a Democrat from one county his first term, but moved and changed parties by his second term 20 years later. Samuel Huston was born in New Philadelphia, Washington County, Indiana on March 16, 1858, to Oliver Wolcott Huston and Lucretia Pearson Huston (née",
"psg_id": "11971841"
},
{
"title": "Mollie Huston Lee",
"text": "Mollie Huston Lee Mollie Huston Lee (January 18, 1907 – January 26, 1982) was the first African American librarian in Raleigh, North Carolina and the founder of Raleigh's Richard B. Harrison Public Library, the first library in Raleigh to serve African Americans. Her greatest achievement was developing, maintaining, and increasing public library service to the African American people of Raleigh and Wake County, North Carolina while striving to achieve equal library service for the entire community. Mollie Huston Lee was born in Columbus, Ohio on January 18, 1907 to Corrina Smith Huston and Rolla Solomon Huston, a private business owner",
"psg_id": "14456308"
},
{
"title": "Darren Huston",
"text": "and forfeited almost $15.3 million in unvested stock equity. Jeffery Boyd, Priceline's Chairman and CEO from 2002 to 2013, took over as interim CEO. Darren Huston Darren R. Huston (born 3 January 1966) is a Canadian businessman and the former president and chief executive officer (CEO) of Priceline, and Booking.com. Darren R. Huston was born on 3 January 1966 in Hope, British Columbia, Canada. He completed his high school education at the United World College of the Adriatic in Italy, received a BS in Economics from Trent University, an MA in Economics from the University of British Columbia, and an",
"psg_id": "18882251"
},
{
"title": "Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston",
"text": "Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston Tillinghast L'Hommedieu Huston (July 17, 1867 – March 29, 1938), popularly known as Cap Huston, was co-owner of the Major League Baseball team that became the New York Yankees with Jacob Ruppert from 1915 to 1922. They had purchased the club from Frank J. Farrell and William S. Devery. In 1922, Huston retired and sold his share to Ruppert for $1.50 million. He was born in Buffalo, New York in 1867, and later on married Lena Belle Glathart. Huston served as a Captain in the 16th Regiment of Engineers (Railway) in Cuba during the Spanish–American War. In",
"psg_id": "10427639"
},
{
"title": "John Huston (polar explorer)",
"text": "John Huston (polar explorer) John Huston (born August 14, 1976) is an American polar explorer, motivational speaker, wilderness guide, and safety and logistics consultant. In 2009, Huston completed the first successful unsupported American expedition to the North Pole. He has also completed expeditions to the South Pole, Greenland, and Ellesmere Island. Huston is the co-author of Forward: The First American Unsupported Expedition to the North Pole. Huston started his career in Minnesota’s Boundary Waters. From 2000 to 2005, Huston worked full-time at Outward Bound, an expedition school that leads active learning trips. In the spring of 2005, Huston was the",
"psg_id": "18728496"
},
{
"title": "Roger Huston",
"text": "Roger Huston Roger Huston (born September 16, 1942), known as \"The Voice\", is a harness race announcer. He has announced over 167,000 races in his career, covering at least 126 different tracks in 17 states and 7 countries (as of 2014). Born and raised in Xenia, Ohio, Huston grew up with a love of sports statistics. He learned race calling from his uncle, who called races at Lebanon Raceway. He attended Wilmington College, intending to become a teacher. He began announcing races at Ohio county fairs in 1960. In 1965, he began announcing at The Red Mile. In 1967, he",
"psg_id": "18712923"
},
{
"title": "Chris Huston",
"text": "Chris Huston Christopher John 'Chris' Huston (born 25 June 1943) is a British born record engineer and guitarist. Huston arrived in Wallasey, near Liverpool, toward the end of World War II from an orphanage in North Wales. As a teenager he began studies at the Liverpool College of Art, where he became friends with John Lennon and, like Lennon, began copying the American R&B music imported through the city. In 1961 he joined The Undertakers, one of the leading local Merseybeat bands, as lead guitarist, shortly before Jackie Lomax joined as the group’s singer. The Undertakers released a string of",
"psg_id": "8888832"
},
{
"title": "Wilber Brotherton Huston",
"text": "Wilber Brotherton Huston Wilber Brotherton Huston (October 2, 1912 – May 25, 2006) was an American scientist and NASA mission director. He was the Deputy Project Manager of the Nimbus program and served as mission director for seven satellite launches. At the age of sixteen he had won the first Edison Scholarship Contest. Huston was born in Detroit, Michigan, the first child of the Reverend S. Arthur Huston, curate at St. Paul's Cathedral, and the former Dorothea J. Brotherton. His parents named him for Wilber Brotherton, his maternal grandfather, who was the manager of the Detroit operations of the Jerome",
"psg_id": "8664709"
},
{
"title": "Wilber Brotherton Huston",
"text": "had married Dorothy E. Beadle (1922 – 1996), a mathematician at Langley Research Center. They were the parents of six children, five of whom survived them. Huston died in Fountain Hills, Arizona, and is buried at Holy Trinity Episcopal Church in Bowie, Maryland. Wilber Brotherton Huston Wilber Brotherton Huston (October 2, 1912 – May 25, 2006) was an American scientist and NASA mission director. He was the Deputy Project Manager of the Nimbus program and served as mission director for seven satellite launches. At the age of sixteen he had won the first Edison Scholarship Contest. Huston was born in",
"psg_id": "8664716"
},
{
"title": "Simeon Arthur Huston",
"text": "career with NASA. Simeon Arthur Huston Simeon Arthur Huston (called Arthur; December 10, 1876 – December 11, 1963) was the bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Olympia from 1925 to 1947. During his episcopate bankers foreclosed on the cathedral church of the diocese, but he led a successful effort to pay off the indebtedness. Bishop Huston was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the younger son of Simeon Atchley Huston (1845 – 1883) and the former Matilda Bogen (1848 – 1927). His mother was a daughter of Peter Bogen, a prominent pork-packer in Cincinnati, and a younger sister of Louise Bogen, the",
"psg_id": "8680235"
},
{
"title": "Simeon Arthur Huston",
"text": "Simeon Arthur Huston Simeon Arthur Huston (called Arthur; December 10, 1876 – December 11, 1963) was the bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Olympia from 1925 to 1947. During his episcopate bankers foreclosed on the cathedral church of the diocese, but he led a successful effort to pay off the indebtedness. Bishop Huston was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the younger son of Simeon Atchley Huston (1845 – 1883) and the former Matilda Bogen (1848 – 1927). His mother was a daughter of Peter Bogen, a prominent pork-packer in Cincinnati, and a younger sister of Louise Bogen, the wife of General",
"psg_id": "8680229"
},
{
"title": "James W. Huston (author)",
"text": "James W. Huston (author) James Webb Huston (October 26, 1953 – April 14, 2016) was an American author and lawyer, best known for his popular military and legal thrillers. A graduate of TOPGUN, he served as a naval flight officer and worked in naval intelligence before going on to become a \"New York Times\" best-selling author. Huston was born and grew up in West Lafayette, Indiana. His father, James A. Huston, was a Purdue University history professor and highly decorated World War II veteran who published several books on military and diplomatic history. In 2009, James A. Huston was awarded",
"psg_id": "14929555"
},
{
"title": "Murder of Anjelica Castillo",
"text": "became the subject of much criticism and anger when Anjelica was identified in 2013. Other reports reveal that her family also neglected to report her missing because some of the family members, including Margarita, were apparently undocumented immigrants. They feared that if it was discovered that some were in the country without documentation during the course of an investigation, they would be deported. Anjelica's decomposing body was discovered on July 23, 1991, inside a navy blue cooler along the Henry Hudson Parkway in Manhattan, New York. The body was so decomposed that identification was at first impossible, as her face",
"psg_id": "18268683"
},
{
"title": "John Huston",
"text": "man\" in the Hollywood film industry. Author Ian Freer describes him as \"cinema's Ernest Hemingway\"—a filmmaker who was \"never afraid to tackle tough issues head on.\" John Huston was born on August 5, 1906, in Nevada, Missouri. He was the only child of Rhea (née Gore) and Canadian-born Walter Huston. His father was an actor, initially in vaudeville, and later in films. His mother initially worked as a sports editor for various publications, but gave it up after John was born. Similarly, his father gave up his stage acting career for steady employment as a civil engineer, although he returned",
"psg_id": "545634"
},
{
"title": "Karla Huston",
"text": "Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference. Her chapbook, \"Flight Patterns\" won the Main Street Rag Chapbook Contest in 2003. Huston has also been awarded three Jade Rings (one for fiction, two for poetry) from Wisconsin Writers Association (WWA). Huston was born February 11, 1949 in La Crosse, Wisconsin, raised in West Salem, Wisconsin. She attended the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh where she received her Bachelor of Science degree in (English) education in 1993. Huston earned her Master of Arts/ Creative Writing from the University of Wisconsin Oshkosh in 2003. She taught creative writing and literature at Neenah High School, Neenah, Wisconsin, from",
"psg_id": "20046195"
},
{
"title": "Geoff Huston",
"text": "Geoff Huston Geoffrey Geoff Angier Huston (born November 8, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player. He was a point guard for the New York Knicks, Dallas Mavericks, Cleveland Cavaliers, Golden State Warriors and Los Angeles Clippers. Collegiately, he played for the Texas Tech Red Raiders. The Dallas Mavericks traded Huston, along with a 1983 third round draft choice to the Cavaliers in exchange for Chad Kinch and a 1985 first round draft choice on February 7, 1981. In eight NBA seasons, he played in 496 games, having played 12,252 minutes, and scoring 4,380 points. During his NBA career",
"psg_id": "9323630"
},
{
"title": "Geoff Huston",
"text": "he managed a 48.3 field goal percentage (1,836 for 3,805), 25.4 three-point field goal percentage (16 for 63), 70.8 free throw percentage (692 for 978), 684 total rebounds (201 offensive, 483 defensive), 2,509 assists, 331 steals, 32 blocked shots, 899 turnovers and 844 personal fouls. After retiring as a basketball player, Huston became the director of the St. Mary's Recreation Center in the Mott Haven section of the South Bronx in New York City. Geoff Huston Geoffrey Geoff Angier Huston (born November 8, 1957) is a retired American professional basketball player. He was a point guard for the New York",
"psg_id": "9323631"
},
{
"title": "John Huston",
"text": "as a leading filmmaker. The film, also starring Humphrey Bogart, was the story of three drifters who band together to prospect for gold. Huston also gave a supporting role to his father, Walter Huston. Warners studio was initially uncertain what to make of the film. They had allowed Huston to film on location in Mexico, which was a \"radical move\" for a studio at the time. They also knew that Huston was gaining a reputation as \"one of the wild men of Hollywood.\" In any case, studio boss Jack L. Warner initially \"detested it.\" But whatever doubts Warners had were",
"psg_id": "545651"
},
{
"title": "Murder of Anjelica Castillo",
"text": "Murder of Anjelica Castillo Anjelica Castillo, previously known as Baby Hope for 22 years, was an American four-year-old girl from New York City who was murdered in 1991. Her body was not identified until 2013. The case received national attention due to the young age of the victim and the manner of her death. After her identification, Castillo's paternal cousin, Conrado Juarez (30 years old at the time of her death) confessed to murdering the girl. Juarez died in custody in November 2018. Castillo's abusive father, Genaro Ramirez, had taken two of his three young children and disappeared – her",
"psg_id": "18268680"
},
{
"title": "Murder of Anjelica Castillo",
"text": "stairs. He later entered a \"not guilty\" plea when charged with second degree murder. Juarez died in police custody on November 19, 2018 from pancreatic cancer. Murder of Anjelica Castillo Anjelica Castillo, previously known as Baby Hope for 22 years, was an American four-year-old girl from New York City who was murdered in 1991. Her body was not identified until 2013. The case received national attention due to the young age of the victim and the manner of her death. After her identification, Castillo's paternal cousin, Conrado Juarez (30 years old at the time of her death) confessed to murdering",
"psg_id": "18268691"
},
{
"title": "Murder of Anjelica Castillo",
"text": "after being located working as a dishwasher in a restaurant in Manhattan. The subsequent interrogation led to his arrest for the crime. He was initially believed to have traveled back to his native Mexico before his arrest. He was subsequently charged with felony murder. Police stated that they also suspect that Anjelica may not have been Juarez's only victim. When first interviewed by reporters, Margarita Castillo refused to show her face but spoke through a closed door. She gave her explanation of why Anjelica was not reported missing and also described her devastation when she learned of the fate of",
"psg_id": "18268688"
},
{
"title": "James Huston (Canadian politician)",
"text": "James Huston (Canadian politician) James Huston (March 15, 1845 – May 19, 1922) was a businessman and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Manitou in 1892 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal. He was born in Quebec and came to Manitoba, opening a general store in Manitou. He married Hattie Andrews. Huston was elected to the Manitoba assembly in an 1892 by-election held following the death of William Winram. He was defeated by Robert Ironside in the general election that followed later that year. In 1893, Huston was named postmaster at Manitou and served until his death",
"psg_id": "16851413"
},
{
"title": "William P. Richardson",
"text": "(Ohio) district. He died at New Castle, Indiana August 4, 1886, and was interred at Oak Grove Cemetery in Marietta, Ohio. His granddaughter, Rhea, was the mother of the famous American film director John Huston and grandmother of the actors Anjelica Huston and Danny Huston. William P. Richardson William Pitt Richardson (May 25, 1824 – August 4, 1886) was a Republican politician from the state of Ohio, USA. He was Ohio Attorney General in 1865. Richardson was born on May 25, 1824, at Washington County, Pennsylvania. He entered Washington College in 1841, and graduated in 1844. He was then a",
"psg_id": "15085668"
},
{
"title": "James Huston (Canadian politician)",
"text": "there at the age of 77. In 1913, he was named president of the Manitoba Postmasters' Association. Huston also served as president of the Manitou Board of Trade. James Huston (Canadian politician) James Huston (March 15, 1845 – May 19, 1922) was a businessman and political figure in Manitoba. He represented Manitou in 1892 in the Legislative Assembly of Manitoba as a Liberal. He was born in Quebec and came to Manitoba, opening a general store in Manitou. He married Hattie Andrews. Huston was elected to the Manitoba assembly in an 1892 by-election held following the death of William Winram.",
"psg_id": "16851414"
},
{
"title": "James W. Huston (author)",
"text": "and The Price of Power. Lt. Kent \"Rat\" Rathman, versatile and legendary Navy SEAL. He was introduced in The Shadows of Power and reappears in Secret Justice. James W. Huston (author) James Webb Huston (October 26, 1953 – April 14, 2016) was an American author and lawyer, best known for his popular military and legal thrillers. A graduate of TOPGUN, he served as a naval flight officer and worked in naval intelligence before going on to become a \"New York Times\" best-selling author. Huston was born and grew up in West Lafayette, Indiana. His father, James A. Huston, was a",
"psg_id": "14929563"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Miller Huston",
"text": "Joseph Miller Huston Joseph Miller Huston (February 23, 1866 – 1940) was an architect notable for designing the third (and current) Pennsylvania State Capitol in Harrisburg. Construction started in 1902 of his \"Beaux-Arts\" design. He was one of five people convicted of graft in 1910 after a state investigation of cost overruns in association with construction and furnishing the capitol. Joseph Miller Huston was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1866. When he was seventeen, Joseph joined the firm of Frank Furness and Sons, where he worked during his college years. He graduated from Princeton University in 1892, re-joining Furness' firm",
"psg_id": "13814150"
},
{
"title": "Ron Huston",
"text": "the latter half of the 1960s. Ron Huston Ronald Earle Huston (born April 8, 1945 in Manitou, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played 79 games in the National Hockey League for the California Golden Seals. He would also play 159 games in the World Hockey Association for the Phoenix Roadrunners. Huston returned to the Western International Hockey League for the start of the 1977-78 season as a member of the Spokane Flyers and led the league in scoring with 119 points. He followed the Spokane Flyers to the Pacific Hockey League the following season. When",
"psg_id": "11587098"
},
{
"title": "Ron Huston",
"text": "Ron Huston Ronald Earle Huston (born April 8, 1945 in Manitou, Manitoba) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey forward who played 79 games in the National Hockey League for the California Golden Seals. He would also play 159 games in the World Hockey Association for the Phoenix Roadrunners. Huston returned to the Western International Hockey League for the start of the 1977-78 season as a member of the Spokane Flyers and led the league in scoring with 119 points. He followed the Spokane Flyers to the Pacific Hockey League the following season. When the Pacific Hockey League folded at",
"psg_id": "11587096"
}
] | [
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"the island of ireland",
"island ireland",
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"héireann",
"ireland ulster",
"population of ireland",
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"scotia major",
"island of ireland",
"airlann",
"mikra britannia",
"irelanders",
"auld sod",
"ierne (placename)"
] |
who wrote the novel delta connection? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "wide aircraft from the Delta Connection fleet. <br> Delta Connection Academy is an airline flight school, formerly wholly owned by Delta Air Lines, Inc. until its sale in 2009. The academy is located in Sanford, Florida on the grounds of the Orlando Sanford International Airport. The school serves all the Delta Connection carriers above, and has been known to train pilots for over 30 other airlines in the world. The school currently issues more FAA certificates than any other Part 141 school in the country. Delta Connection Delta Connection is a regional airline brand name for Delta Air Lines, under",
"psg_id": "17529014"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "Delta Connection Delta Connection is a regional airline brand name for Delta Air Lines, under which a number of individually owned regional airlines operate short- and medium-haul routes. Delta's lone wholly owned regional airline, Endeavor Air, also resides under the Delta Connection banner. Mainline carriers often use regional airlines to operate services in order to increase frequency, serve routes that would not sustain larger aircraft, or for other competitive reasons. Delta Connection was founded in 1984 as a means of expanding the Delta network to smaller markets via partnerships with regional airlines. Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA) began Delta Connection service",
"psg_id": "17529004"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "turboprops out of Boston Logan International Airport. On March 1, 2007, it was announced that ExpressJet would operate 10 Embraer ERJ 145XR aircraft under the Delta Connection banner beginning in June 2007 on flights from Los Angeles International Airport. It was later announced that ExpressJet would operate an additional eight aircraft as Delta Connection. On July 3, 2008, Delta and ExpressJet announced that they had terminated their agreement and that ExpressJet operations as Delta Connection would end by September 1, 2008. On April 30, 2007, it was announced that Pinnacle Airlines would operate 16 Bombardier CRJ-900 under the Delta Connection",
"psg_id": "17529009"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "place on September 1, 2005. On May 4, 2005, Delta Air Lines announced that Mesa Air Group subsidiary Freedom Airlines would operate up to 30 Bombardier CRJ-200 aircraft under the Delta Connection banner beginning in October 2005. Shortly after the announcement, the decision was made for Freedom Airlines to operate the Embraer ERJ 145 for Delta Connection instead of the CRJ. After a legal battle with Mesa Air Group, Delta and Freedom Airlines terminated their contract on September 1, 2010. On December 21, 2006, Delta announced that Big Sky Airlines would become a Delta Connection carrier, using eight Beechcraft 1900",
"psg_id": "17529008"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "on March 1, 1984, from their hub in Atlanta, and soon had a substantial presence at the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport. ASA was a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta Air Lines under the Delta Connection, Inc., holding company from May 11, 1999, to September 7, 2005, when it was purchased by SkyWest, Inc, the parent company of SkyWest Airlines. Ransome Airlines operated Delta Connection flights from March 1, 1984 to June 1, 1986, when it was purchased by Pan Am. Comair began Delta Connection service on September 1, 1984. In January 2000, Comair became a wholly owned subsidiary of Delta",
"psg_id": "17529005"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "Air Lines. Rio Airways operated Delta Connection flights from their hub in Dallas/Fort Worth from June 1, 1984 to December 14, 1986, when the airline declared bankruptcy. Business Express Airlines operated Delta Connection flights in the northeastern US and Canada from June 1, 1986 to March 15, 2000. The company was purchased by AMR Corporation in 1999 and integrated into the American Eagle Airlines system in 2000. Following the acquisition of Western Airlines by Delta Air Lines, SkyWest Airlines, which had been operating code share service flying as Western Express for Western, became a Delta Connection carrier in 1987. Trans",
"psg_id": "17529006"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "States Airlines operated Delta Connection flights from March 1998 to March 31, 2000, mainly from their focus cities in Boston and New York. On November 2, 2004, Atlantic Coast Airlines ended service as a Delta Connection Carrier. Atlantic Coast Airlines reinvented itself as a low fare carrier called Independence Air, based at Washington Dulles International Airport. On December 22, 2004, Delta Air Lines announced that Republic Airways would order and operate 16 Embraer 170 aircraft under the Delta Connection banner. Since then, it has been announced that Republic Airways subsidiary Shuttle America would operate the flights. The initial flight took",
"psg_id": "17529007"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "banner starting in December 2007. On August 9, 2017, it was announced that Delta and ExpressJet would terminate their agreement early with all operations ended in late 2018. The remaining dual-class aircraft financed by Delta would be transferred to Endeavor while ExpressJet would redistribute their financed aircraft to other flying partners. Delta cited ExpressJet's lacking operational performance and focus on trimming their 50-seat fleet as the main reason for terminating the contract early. The merger of Delta Air Lines and Northwest Airlines meant that Northwest's regional brand, Northwest Airlink, would be merged into Delta Connection. The new Delta Connection would",
"psg_id": "17529010"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "Pinnacle on January 4, 2012. The same day, Trans States Holdings purchased Compass Airlines for $20.5 million. It has maintained both regional operations with the airlines as of January 1, 2012. Delta announced that it would add in-flight WiFi to 223 Delta Connection aircraft beginning in 2011. Regional carrier GoJet Airlines, also owned by Trans States Holdings, began operations from Detroit Wayne County Metropolitan Airport to cities in the Midwest using 15 CRJ-700 aircraft on January 11, 2012. Following a merger between Atlantic Southeast Airlines (ASA) and ExpressJet, Delta Connection flights operated under the latter's name and ceased operations as",
"psg_id": "17529012"
},
{
"title": "Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection",
"text": "Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection Delta Force 2 (also known as Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection and Delta Force 2: Operation Stranglehold) is a 1990 American action film, and a sequel to the 1986 Chuck Norris film \"The Delta Force\", also starring Norris as Major Scott McCoy. In this film, McCoy leads his Delta team into the fictional South American country of San Carlos to rescue hostages and stop the flow of cocaine into the United States. \"Delta Force 2\" was disliked by critics for sparse connections to its predecessor, a clichéd script, subpar acting, and similarities to",
"psg_id": "8593713"
},
{
"title": "Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection",
"text": "production transferred to Tennessee to complete filming. \"Delta Force 2\" made $1.85 million in its first week, ranking 6th overall. The critical reaction was negative. The movie was criticized for having little in common with its predecessor, a poor script, clichés, subpar acting, and similarities to the earlier Norris vehicle \"Missing in Action\". The film was followed by \"\" starring Mike Norris. Chuck Norris did not appear in the film. Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection Delta Force 2 (also known as Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection and Delta Force 2: Operation Stranglehold) is a 1990 American action film,",
"psg_id": "8593722"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "include the regional airlines from both the original Delta and Northwest. On November 8, 2008, Delta and Mesaba Airlines, a former fully owned regional subsidiary of Northwest Airlines that operated as Northwest Airlink, announced that the seven CRJ-900 aircraft previously operated by Freedom as well as eight new-order aircraft would be operated for Delta Connection beginning February 12, 2009. Citing cost reductions, Delta Air Lines sold former Northwest regional subsidiary Mesaba Airlines on July 1, 2010 to Pinnacle Airlines Corp. for $62 million. Its headquarters were moved to Pinnacle's in Memphis on December 26, 2011. Mesaba merged its operations into",
"psg_id": "17529011"
},
{
"title": "Delta Connection",
"text": "ASA. All routes remained the same, but the flights began operating as ExpressJet beginning in 2012. On July 25, 2012, Delta announced that its wholly owned subsidiary Comair would cease all operations at midnight on September 28, 2012. On May 1, 2013, as a condition of exiting bankruptcy, Pinnacle Airlines became a subsidiary of Delta and was subsequently renamed Endeavor Air. On December 31, 2014, Chautauqua operated its last flight for Delta Connection. All aircraft and crew & maintenance bases would be absorbed by the Shuttle America certificate. The conclusion of this service also removed the last operating three seat",
"psg_id": "17529013"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "Hunt, as well as the \"nature of the manuscript evidence\", showed that the work was \"conceived and mainly written by Mary Shelley\". The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein is a 2007 book written and published by John Lauritsen, in which the author argues that the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, not his wife Mary Shelley, is the real author of \"Frankenstein\" (1818), that the novel \"has consistently been underrated and misinterpreted\", and that its dominant theme is \"male love\". Lauritsen maintains that handwriting cannot be used to determine the actual author of \"Frankenstein\". His work received positive",
"psg_id": "17577344"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein is a 2007 book written and published by John Lauritsen, in which the author argues that the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, not his wife Mary Shelley, is the real author of \"Frankenstein\" (1818), that the novel \"has consistently been underrated and misinterpreted\", and that its dominant theme is \"male love\". Lauritsen maintains that handwriting cannot be used to determine the actual author of \"Frankenstein\". His work received positive reviews in gay publications. However, some commentators in other publications rejected Lauritsen's views and supported the conventional view that \"Frankenstein\" was written",
"psg_id": "17577334"
},
{
"title": "The Computer Connection",
"text": "in \"The Computer Connection\", concluding that the novel \"cannot possibly be as much fun\" for the reader as it was for the writer. Arthur D. Hlavaty, a former editor of \"The New York Review of Science Fiction\", wrote that the book gave \"an unintentional example of his own theme of the unrecoverability of the past. His long-awaited novel, variously called \"The Indian Giver\", \"Extro\", and \"The Computer Connection\", was a major disappointment—a confused farrago of old ideas and gimmicks.\" Patrick A. McCarthy, in a review of Carolyn Wendell's 1982 \"Alfred Bester\", wrote that her coverage of \"The Computer Connection\" is",
"psg_id": "8333997"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "that while he argues that Mary Shelley was not well educated enough to have written \"Frankenstein\", his argument fails because \"it is not a good, let alone a great novel and hardly merits the attention it has been given.\" Lauritsen replied that \"Frankenstein\" \"is a radical and disturbing work, containing some of the most beautiful prose in the English language ... a profound and moving masterpiece, fully worthy of its author, Percy Bysshe Shelley.\" \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" received positive reviews from Jim Herrick in \"Gay Humanist Quarterly\", Hubert Kennedy in \"The Guide\", and Douglas Sadownick in \"The Gay",
"psg_id": "17577339"
},
{
"title": "The Delta Factor (film)",
"text": "The Delta Factor (film) The Delta Factor is a 1970 American Adventure film, co-produced and directed by Tay Garnett who co-wrote the screenplay with Raoul Walsh. It stars Christopher George and Yvette Mimieux. The film is based on the 1967 novel by Mickey Spillane. A glamorous CIA agent, Kim Stacy, gets a new assignment. She is to work with a man named Morgan, a convict serving time for the theft of $40 million that was never recovered. Morgan is given a chance to earn a reduced sentence by aiding in the rescue of a scientist who has been taken prisoner",
"psg_id": "15053562"
},
{
"title": "The Computer Connection",
"text": "\"very brief but quite accurate in calling attention to this novel's many shortcomings.\" The Computer Connection The Computer Connection is a science fiction novel by American writer Alfred Bester. Originally published as a serial in \"Analog Science Fiction\" (November, December 1974, January 1975, under the title \"The Indian Giver\"), it appeared in book form in 1975. Some editions give it the title \"Extro\". The novel was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1975 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1976. In the future, a band of immortals (some who are famous historical characters, some who",
"psg_id": "8333998"
},
{
"title": "The Computer Connection",
"text": "The Computer Connection The Computer Connection is a science fiction novel by American writer Alfred Bester. Originally published as a serial in \"Analog Science Fiction\" (November, December 1974, January 1975, under the title \"The Indian Giver\"), it appeared in book form in 1975. Some editions give it the title \"Extro\". The novel was nominated for the Nebula Award for Best Novel in 1975 and the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1976. In the future, a band of immortals (some who are famous historical characters, some who have tried their best to avoid becoming so), including Herb Wells, Ned Curzon",
"psg_id": "8333994"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "Shelley as shown by several letters. \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" includes a favorable review of \"Shelley's Fiction\" (1998) by Phyllis Zimmerman, a book in which Zimmerman argues for Percy Bysshe Shelley's authorship of \"Frankenstein\", and a short bibliography of books and articles about Percy Bysshe Shelley and \"Frankenstein\". Lauritsen praises poet Edmund Blunden's \"\" (1946), calling it the best short biography about Percy Bysshe Shelley. \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" was first published in 2007 by Pagan Press. \"The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein\" was praised by the critic Camille Paglia, who wrote in \"Salon\" that \"Lauritsen assembles an overwhelming",
"psg_id": "17577337"
},
{
"title": "Murder, She Wrote",
"text": "looked like then, it would be ridiculous. And I can't do that.\" She then expressed interest in revisiting the character again in 2017. The Third Season episode of \"Murder, She Wrote\" entitled \"Magnum on Ice\" concludes a crossover that began on the Seventh Season \"Magnum, P.I.\" episode \"Novel Connection\". In the episode's plot, Jessica comes to Hawaii to investigate an attempt to murder Robin Masters' guests, and then tries to clear Magnum when he's accused of killing the hitman. The \"Magnum, P.I.\" episode originally aired on 11/19/86 with the concluding \"Murder, She Wrote\" episode following four days later on 11/23/86.",
"psg_id": "1464502"
},
{
"title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (novel)",
"text": "The Spy Who Loved Me (novel) The Spy Who Loved Me is the ninth novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, first published by Jonathan Cape on 16 April 1962. It is the shortest and most sexually explicit of Fleming's novels, as well as a clear departure from previous Bond novels in that the story is told in the first person by a young Canadian woman, Vivienne Michel. Bond himself does not appear until two-thirds of the way through the book. Fleming wrote a prologue to the novel giving Michel credit as a co-author. Fleming was not happy with the",
"psg_id": "2703621"
},
{
"title": "Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History",
"text": "Lion Who Wrote History\" has also been reviewed by \"Kirkus Reviews\", \"Publishers Weekly\", \"The New York Times\", and Common Sense Media. Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History is a 2017 picture book biography by Walter Dean Myers about the life of Frederick Douglass. \"BookList\", in a starred review, wrote \"Focused, informative writing and strong, effective illustrations combine to make this the go-to Frederick Douglass biography for younger students.\" and the \"School Library Journal\" wrote \"Although this title is similar in scope to Doreen Rappaport's \"Frederick's Journey\", the two books complement each other.",
"psg_id": "20093516"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "public, and for unknown reasons decided to attribute authorship to Mary Shelley, thus helping to begin a \"hoax\" that has persisted up to the present. Lauritsen maintains that revisions to \"Frankenstein\" made in 1823 and 1831 weakened the work, and that while it was ostensibly Mary Shelley who revised \"Frankenstein\" into its 1831 form, it may primarily have been revised by the political philosopher William Godwin. Lauritsen argues that handwriting alone cannot be used to determine the actual author of \"Frankenstein\". The drafts and manuscripts are incomplete and in the final stages. Moreover, portions of the novel were dictated by",
"psg_id": "17577336"
},
{
"title": "Delta Democrat Times",
"text": "2004. Though a Democratic newspaper, the \"Delta Democrat Times\" in 1963 endorsed the Republican gubernatorial nominee, Rubel Phillips, who lost to the Democrat Paul B. Johnson, Jr. Carter, Jr. wrote that \"Democrats see clearly that the Republican Party, once it gains power in Mississippi, will offer the kind of effective outlet for the feelings of most Mississippians that the isolated state Democrats (who renounce any connection with the national party) can never hope to produce. All that the state Democratic Party can offer is another four years of frustrated political impotence in national affairs and a never-never land existence within",
"psg_id": "14961502"
},
{
"title": "The Fishermen (Hans Kirk novel)",
"text": "The Fishermen (Hans Kirk novel) The Fishermen () is a 1928 Danish novel by Hans Kirk, based on the true story of the conflict between the residents of the town of Gjøl and a group of fishermen who moved there from the North Sea coast. The novel is based on a true story, and concerns the conflict between the newcomers, who observe a stricter form of Christian faith, and the existing residents. Kirk had a connection to the area through his father, and wrote the book while living at the old inn in the town, Gjøl Kro. It caused consternation",
"psg_id": "19514304"
},
{
"title": "Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?",
"text": "Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls? Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?: The Search For The Secret Of Qumran is a book by Norman Golb which intensifies the debate over the origins of the Dead Sea Scrolls, furthering the opinion that the scrolls were not the work of the Essenes, as other scholars claim, but written in Jerusalem and moved to Qumran in anticipation of the Roman siege in 70 AD. Writing in \"Church History\", Gregory T. Armstrong stated: \"This book is 'must reading' for every historian regardless of her or his period of specialization. It demonstrates how a particular",
"psg_id": "11221749"
},
{
"title": "Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?",
"text": "Hartmut Stegemann. \"Qumran und das Judentum zur Zeit Jesu\" 84 (1994): 175-94 as basing \"his support of the Essene hypothesis of factors of hierarch, initiation rites, community of goods, ritual baths, a common meal and views on marriage as well as calendar.\" They then refer to the alternative estimate of Golb, \"that the scrolls came from Jerusalem to a fortress in Qumran during the siege of Jerusalem around 70 CE Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls? Who Wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls?: The Search For The Secret Of Qumran is a book by Norman Golb which intensifies the debate over",
"psg_id": "11221758"
},
{
"title": "The Scarecrow (Connelly novel)",
"text": "mother was an exotic dancer similar in appearance to the victims who needed to wear leg braces when not performing. The story closes with Carver in medical lockdown, deep in a coma, alone with his thoughts. Connelly wrote and produced a pre-release video for the novel and a series of three videos entitled \"Conflict of Interest\", directed by Terrill Lankford, presenting a connection between Rachel Walling and the events of this story prior to the start of the book. The videos have been posted on YouTube: The Scarecrow (Connelly novel) The Scarecrow is a 2009 novel written by American author",
"psg_id": "13324061"
},
{
"title": "The Bulgari Connection",
"text": "product placement was not only a novelty in literature but also unprecedented for a published, established author (\"The Bulgari Connection\" was her 23rd novel), and a front-page article was published about it in the \"New York Times\", quoting such writers as Rick Moody, J. G. Ballard, Michael Chabon, and Jeanette Winterson. The story concerns a character named Grace McNab Salt, and her re-integration into high society after ending a term in prison that she served for attempting to run her husband's mistress Doris Dubois over with her car. The Bulgari Connection The Bulgari Connection is a 2001 novel by Fay",
"psg_id": "4414500"
},
{
"title": "Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History",
"text": "Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History Frederick Douglass: The Lion Who Wrote History is a 2017 picture book biography by Walter Dean Myers about the life of Frederick Douglass. \"BookList\", in a starred review, wrote \"Focused, informative writing and strong, effective illustrations combine to make this the go-to Frederick Douglass biography for younger students.\" and the \"School Library Journal\" wrote \"Although this title is similar in scope to Doreen Rappaport's \"Frederick's Journey\", the two books complement each other. Recommended for collections looking to further explore Douglass's legacy.\" \"The Buffalo News\" called it an \"excellent illustrated biography\". \"Frederick Douglass: The",
"psg_id": "20093515"
},
{
"title": "The Palermo Connection",
"text": "The Palermo Connection Dimenticare Palermo (\"Forgetting Palermo\") is a 1989 Italian political thriller film starring James Belushi, directed by Francesco Rosi and co-written by Gore Vidal. The film was released under the title The Palermo Connection in North America. The script is based on the Prix Goncourt winning novel \"Oublier Palerme\" (1966) by French author Edmonde Charles-Roux. Carmine Bonavia is elected mayor of New York City on the issue of drug legalization. After the election, he gets married and travels to his ancestral home of Sicily, for the honeymoon. In the hotel in Palermo he meets a Sicilian prince who",
"psg_id": "10788137"
},
{
"title": "The Salzburg Connection",
"text": "The Salzburg Connection The Salzburg Connection is a 1972 American thriller film directed by Lee H. Katzin, starring Barry Newman and Anna Karina . It is based on a 1968 novel by Helen MacInnes. It was filmed in DeLuxe Color and Panavision. After a chest is brought up from the bottom of an Austrian lake, the diver, Richard Bryant (Patrick Jordan), is found murdered. Bill Mathison (Barry Newman) is an American lawyer on vacation in Austria. He stops by a photography shop to meet with a man who is compiling a book of photographs of Austrian Lakes, as a favor",
"psg_id": "14247574"
},
{
"title": "Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection",
"text": "Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection is a graphic novel published by American company Marvel Comics in 1989. It was written by Archie Goodwin and drawn by Howard Chaykin. The story concerns a new Scorpio who is attempting to kill Nick Fury while Wolverine becomes involved when he investigates the murder of a friend who once saved his life at the hands of the new Scorpio. It is the first part of the Wolverine/Nick Fury trilogy. It was the 50th of Marvels Graphic Novel Series. The story was reprinted in \"Wolverine And Nick Fury: Scorpio\" in",
"psg_id": "19856510"
},
{
"title": "Delta Wedding",
"text": "Delta Wedding Delta Wedding is a 1946 Southern fiction novel by Eudora Welty. Set in 1923, the novel tells of the experiences of the Fairchilds family during a particularly unexceptional year in the Mississippi Delta. The novel's focus on the mundane and social life of the central South elicited considerable critique from contemporary critics. Initial reception of the novel was chequered, with many reviewers challenging the absence of plot. \"The New York Times\" praised the characterization of the describes the novel as going \"go deep into the motives and moods and compulsions that move her characters\" and that \"The interplay",
"psg_id": "19448337"
},
{
"title": "Connection form",
"text": "always find a unique, equivalent connection that is torsion-free. This is the Levi-Civita connection on the tangent bundle \"TM\" of \"M\". A local frame on the tangent bundle is an ordered list of vector fields e = (\"e\" | i = 1,2...,n=dim \"M\") defined on an open subset of \"M\" that are linearly independent at every point of their domain. The Christoffel symbols define the Levi-Civita connection by If θ = {θ | i=1,2...,n}, denotes the dual basis of the cotangent bundle, such that θ(\"e\") = δ (the Kronecker delta), then the connection form is In terms of the connection",
"psg_id": "3237229"
},
{
"title": "Redwing (novel)",
"text": "Review wrote of Samik and Rowan as \"developed, realistic characters\". Resource Links described the novel as a \"rollicking adventure\" with \"all kinds of excitement\". Library Media Connection also reported the story as \"fast-paced\", Samik and Rowan as \"well-drawn\", and the landscape and side characters as \"nicely detailed\". LMC recommended the \"page-turner\" for \"reluctant and struggling readers\". Kirkus Reviews wrote that the story \"occasionally ratchets up the suspense by cutting back to the savage men who are trailing Samik\", and \"suspense rather than action sustains the plot\". Kirkus also summarized the novel as \"an appealing fantasy with enough tension to firmly",
"psg_id": "18726166"
},
{
"title": "Delta Shuttle",
"text": "US Airways Shuttle. Having relinquished slot pairs to US Airways at Washington/Reagan, Delta also cut all nonstop flights between Boston and Washington, though by that point they hadn't operated under the Delta Shuttle brand in over ten years. With passenger loads declining, Delta discontinued the use of mainline Airbus A319s on the Boston route on June 10, 2012 in favor of Embraer 170 and 175s operated by Shuttle America. Boston had been the last remaining Delta Shuttle route that was still operated with mainline aircraft; thereafter, all Delta Shuttle flights were operated by Delta Connection carriers Shuttle America and Compass",
"psg_id": "17529032"
},
{
"title": "Delta Air Lines",
"text": "had considered several styles for its current safety video, including animation, before opting for a video presenting a flight attendant speaking to the audience. The video was filmed on a former Song Airlines Boeing 757-200. The following are major accidents and incidents that occurred on Delta mainline aircraft. For Northwest Airlines incidents, see Northwest Airlines accidents and incidents. For Delta Connection incidents, see Delta Connection incidents and accidents. There have been over a dozen attempted hijackings that resulted in no injuries and the surrender of the often lone hijacker. These incidents are not included. The following are notable hijackings because",
"psg_id": "832305"
},
{
"title": "Nile Delta",
"text": "evidence to determine conclusively whether the delta is man-made or was formed naturally. In modern day, the outer edges of the delta are eroding, and some coastal lagoons have seen increasing salinity levels as their connection to the Mediterranean Sea increases. Since the delta no longer receives an annual supply of nutrients and sediments from upstream due to the construction of the Aswan Dam, the soils of the floodplains have become poorer, and large amounts of fertilizers are now used. Topsoil in the delta can be as much as in depth. People have lived in the Delta region for thousands",
"psg_id": "2731469"
},
{
"title": "Delta Shuttle",
"text": "established Seattle/Tacoma hub to the network, with service to both Los Angeles and San Francisco. Additional flights between Los Angeles and San Francisco were also added at the same time. The West Coast shuttle flights were served by a mix with two-class Embraer 175 regional jets operated by a Delta Connection partner, and Delta mainline Boeing 717 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft. Delta discontinued its Delta Shuttle services on the west coast on January 4, 2018. The flights were rebranded as regular domestic service. At the time of the change, Delta kept the frequent schedules between the West Coast cities, but",
"psg_id": "17529034"
},
{
"title": "Alpha Kappa Delta",
"text": "in sociology or be currently employed as a sociologist at the host institution prior to initiation. In order to gain membership into Alpha Kappa Delta, one must abide by the following requirements The name Alpha Kappa Delta was chosen by the society's founder Dr. Emory Bogardus. That same year the logo was designed by Dr. Melvin J. Vincent. In 1924 Gertrude A. Stephens wrote the lyrics to Alpha Kappa Delta's hymn in conjunction with Charles H. Gabriel who wrote the music. During the 1930s and 40s the leaders of Alpha Kappa Delta namely Kimball Young, Reed Bain, and L.L. Bernard",
"psg_id": "4786816"
},
{
"title": "The Rift (Allan novel)",
"text": "my next novel.\" Despite having deviated from her original goal of writing a short story, Allan took time off from \"The Rift\" and wrote \"Astray\" for \"Dead Letters\", a story she linked to the novel in order not to lose a \"mental connection with the main project\". Hatchmere lake features prominently in \"The Rift\", but Allan only had a chance to visit the site after she had begun work on the novel. Allan said she prefers to experience a location before writing about it, but on this occasion her schedule prevented that from happening. The visit to the lake did,",
"psg_id": "20580999"
},
{
"title": "The Delta Force",
"text": "it three out of four stars and called it \"a well-made action film that tantalizes us with its parallels to real life.\" Vincent Canby of \"The New York Times\" wrote that it \"will be the 1986 film all others will have to beat for sheer, unashamed, hilariously vulgar vaingloriousness.\" \"Variety\" described it as \"an exercise in wish fulfillment for those who favor using force instead of diplomacy.\" Kevin Thomas of the \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote in his review: \" ...of so big a project, \"The Delta Force\" is drawn out and complicated.\" The film, although fiction, draws inspiration from two",
"psg_id": "5462585"
},
{
"title": "Delta Shuttle",
"text": "New York-Washington route would be replaced with smaller, more efficient, two-class Embraer 175 jets operated by Delta Connection partners beginning in March 2009. On August 12, 2009, Delta Air Lines and US Airways announced their intention to swap facilities and takeoff and landing slots at capacity-controlled LaGuardia and Ronald Reagan Washington National Airports, pending government approval. Under the initial plan, Delta would have acquired 125 slot pairs and Terminal C at LaGuardia from US Airways. In return, Delta would have relinquished the Marine Air Terminal at LaGuardia and 42 slot pairs at Washington/Reagan to US Airways. Delta Shuttle was to",
"psg_id": "17529028"
},
{
"title": "Murder, She Wrote",
"text": "it to compete with NBC's Must See TV line up, and as a result the ratings plummeted. The show rated as the following: Deadline Hollywood reported in October 2013 that NBC was planning a reboot of the series, starring Oscar-winning actress Octavia Spencer as a \"hospital administrator and amateur sleuth who self-publishes her first mystery novel.\" Lansbury commented that she was not a fan of using the title, saying \"I think it's a mistake to call it 'Murder, She Wrote,' because 'Murder, She Wrote' will always be about Cabot Cove and this wonderful little group of people who told those",
"psg_id": "1464505"
},
{
"title": "Delta Wedding",
"text": "of family life, with a dozen different people saying and doing a dozen different things all at the same time, is wonderfully handled by Miss Welty so that no detail is lost, every detail had its place in the pattern of the whole.\" Delta Wedding Delta Wedding is a 1946 Southern fiction novel by Eudora Welty. Set in 1923, the novel tells of the experiences of the Fairchilds family during a particularly unexceptional year in the Mississippi Delta. The novel's focus on the mundane and social life of the central South elicited considerable critique from contemporary critics. Initial reception of",
"psg_id": "19448338"
},
{
"title": "Tri Delta Transit",
"text": "Tri Delta Transit Tri Delta Transit, formally the Eastern Contra Costa Transit Authority, is a joint powers agency of the governments of Pittsburg, Antioch, Oakley, Brentwood, and Contra Costa County that provides bus service for the eastern area of Contra Costa County, California, United States. Tri Delta Transit local buses connect to the BART rapid transit system at Pittsburg/Bay Point and Concord. Tri Delta Transit buses also connect with County Connection bus service, WestCAT bus service, Delta Breeze bus service and Amtrak at shared bus stops. Tri Delta Transit operates in eastern Contra Costa County and has stops in Antioch,",
"psg_id": "6550767"
},
{
"title": "Delta timing",
"text": "time has passed since the last update for some clients than others. Big enough delays will eventually negatively affect the gameplay experience, but using Delta Time keeps the gameplay consistent so long as the computer and internet connection meet the minimum hardware requirements of the game. Delta timing Delta Time or Delta Timing is a concept used amongst programmers in relation to hardware and network responsiveness. In graphics programming, the term is usually used for variably updating scenery based on the elapsed time since the game last updated, (i.e. the previous \"frame\") which will vary depending on the speed of",
"psg_id": "14131339"
},
{
"title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (novel)",
"text": "be no reprints or paperback version of the book, and for the British market no paperback version appeared until after Fleming's death. Because of the heightened sexual writing in the novel, it was banned in a number of countries. In the US the story was also published in \"Stag\" magazine, with the title changed to \"Motel Nymph\". Broadly, the critics did not welcome Fleming's experiment with the Bond formula; academic Christoph Linder has pointed out that \"The Spy Who Loved Me\" received the worst reception of all the Bond books. \"The Daily Telegraph\", for example, wrote \"Oh Dear Oh Dear",
"psg_id": "2703636"
},
{
"title": "The Bulgari Connection",
"text": "The Bulgari Connection The Bulgari Connection is a 2001 novel by Fay Weldon that became notorious for its commercial tie-in: in exchange for an undisclosed fee from the Italian jewellery company Bulgari, Weldon was required to mention the name of the jeweler at least 12 times - which was more than exceeded by the author. The 34 mentions appear in sentences such as \"'A Bulgari necklace in the hand is worth two in the bush', said Doris\" or \"They snuggled together happily for a bit, all passion spent; and she met him at Bulgari that lunchtime\". Such heavy use of",
"psg_id": "4414499"
},
{
"title": "Delta Shuttle",
"text": "2001 in favor of four daily round-trip flights operated by Delta Connection carrier Atlantic Coast Airlines. For a short period beginning in late 2003, Delta shifted service of its Shuttle routes to Boeing 737-300s. This move was temporary, and by November 2005, Delta had retired the aging Boeing 737-300s in favor of a dedicated Shuttle fleet of nine larger, younger McDonnell Douglas MD-88 aircraft. Delta Shuttle was the last of the shuttle operations to guarantee a seat to walk-up passengers. If a plane was oversold, a second plane would be rolled out within fifteen minutes to form an \"extra section\"",
"psg_id": "17529026"
},
{
"title": "Delta Air Lines",
"text": "Delta Air Lines Delta Air Lines, Inc. (), often referred to simply as Delta, is a major United States airline, with its headquarters and largest hub at Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport in Atlanta, Georgia. The airline, along with its subsidiaries and regional affiliates, operates over 5,400 flights daily and serves an extensive domestic and international network that includes 319 destinations in 54 countries on six continents, as of October 2016. Delta is one of the four founding members of the SkyTeam airline alliance. Regional service is operated under the brand name Delta Connection. One of the five remaining legacy carriers,",
"psg_id": "832264"
},
{
"title": "The Concubine (novel)",
"text": "Books, \"The Concubine\" was hailed as a \"most accomplished first performance\" and \"an outstanding work of pure fiction\". A critical study of the novel was written by Alatair Niven, who called it: \"an example of how an absence of conscious sophistication or experimentation can result in a novel of classic simplicity... Rooted firmly among the hunting and fishing villages of the Niger delta, \"The Concubine\" nevertheless possesses the timelessness and universality of a major novel.\" \"The Concubine\" has been made into a film, written by Elechi Amadi and directed by Nollywood director Andy Amenechi; the film was premiered in Abuja",
"psg_id": "15270068"
},
{
"title": "Alpha Gamma Delta",
"text": "the first president. Unlike many other groups founded at the time, Alpha Gamma Delta was founded as a US-wide women's fraternity rather than a local fraternity or literary or professional society. The organization's official designation as a fraternity rather than a sorority derives from an early advisor who noted that \"soror\" is a Latin word with no connection to the Greek traditions cited by similar collegiate social groups. Many other Greek-letter organizations for women refer to themselves as fraternities, although in the collective sense they are generally called sororities. Alpha Gamma Delta expanded to an unusual extent during its early",
"psg_id": "2738389"
},
{
"title": "Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection",
"text": "hold the characters back. He said that Chaykin conveyed the action and the scenes of conversation with equal appeal. Marc Buxton of \"Den of Geek\" stated that the book is an almost forgotten gem, and that people should be rediscovering it. The book was ranked 25 on Diamonds sales from trades in February 1995. Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection Wolverine/Nick Fury: The Scorpio Connection is a graphic novel published by American company Marvel Comics in 1989. It was written by Archie Goodwin and drawn by Howard Chaykin. The story concerns a new Scorpio who is attempting to kill Nick Fury",
"psg_id": "19856522"
},
{
"title": "Delta-wye transformer",
"text": "(or wye) secondary providing a 3-phase supply at 415 V, with the domestic voltage of 240 available between each phase and the earthed (grounded) neutral point. The delta winding allows third-harmonic currents to circulate within the transformer, and prevents third-harmonic currents from flowing in the supply line. Delta connected windings are not common for higher transmission voltages (138 kV and above) owing to the higher cost of insulation compared with a wye connection. Delta-wye transformers introduce a 30, 150, 270 or 330 degree phase shift. Thus they cannot be paralleled with wye-wye (or delta-delta) transformers. However, they can be paralleled",
"psg_id": "7631680"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "might be accepted by readers with no vested interest in the issue, it would be \"vehemently rejected out of hand\" by the \"literary establishment\". Sadownick wrote that Lauritsen confirmed his view that \"Frankenstein\" is a gay work in the same sense as Walt Whitman's \"Leaves of Grass\" (1855) and Oscar Wilde's \"The Ballad of Reading Gaol\" (1897), and offered a commendable psychological analysis, and a sensitive line-by-line reading, of the work. Charles E. Robinson rejected Lauritsen's thesis in \"The Original Frankenstein\" (2008), arguing that the testimony of authors such as Lord Byron, William Godwin, Claire Clairmont, Charles Clairmont, and Leigh",
"psg_id": "17577343"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Wrote Frankenstein",
"text": "is in Mary Shelley's handwriting does not show that she composed the work. However, while he agreed with Lauritsen that Percy Bysshe Shelley had homoerotic feelings and deep friendships for men and that \"Frankenstein\" \"contains potential homosexual relationships\", he disagreed with Lauristen's view that \"Frankenstein\" was primarily written for gay men. Kennedy wrote that Lauritsen was \"unafraid to go against accepted opinion and the entrenched literary establishment\" and that his work was \"intriguing and very readable\", based on a careful review of the relevant evidence, and a welcome contribution to literature on the subject. He endorsed Lauritsen's argument that the",
"psg_id": "17577341"
},
{
"title": "Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection",
"text": "coup and is therefore reluctant to crack down on the cartels, while his corrupt generals benefit from the drug trade and are willing to protect Cota from extradition. McCoy is parachuted into San Carlos and sent to rescue the hostages in a stealth operation, while Taylor and the rest of the Delta Force perform surveillance. Their mission is supervised by a delegate from the government of San Carlos, which has entered an agreement with the U.S. government that severely limits the scope of the mission. Meanwhile, McCoy scales a tall cliff and infiltrates Cota's mansion. Later, the government of San",
"psg_id": "8593717"
},
{
"title": "Delta Force 2: The Colombian Connection",
"text": "masquerading as carnival performers. Due to the Rio fiasco, The DEA enlists the support of the U.S. Army's Delta Force in order to infiltrate San Carlos. They are aided by an undercover agent within Cota's drug cartel. General Taylor orders Colonel Scott McCoy (Chuck Norris) and his partner, Major Bobby Chavez (Paul Perri) to bring Cota to court. They pose as airline passengers while Cota is en route to Geneva to deposit his drug money in a Swiss bank account, and are able to capture him during a short interval in which the plane enters U.S. airspace. However, their efforts",
"psg_id": "8593715"
},
{
"title": "Mumbhai Connection",
"text": "mafia. Even worse, they are not buying! Now Faisal's life is on the line and the only way he can get out alive is by going boldly where no salesman has gone before. \"Mumbhai Connection\" has been shown at the following film festivals. Mumbhai Connection Mumbhai Connection is a 2011 Hindi-language film shot entirely in Atlanta, USA. The film was set to release theatrically in August 2014 and Amber Sharma, managing director of Mowgli Productions, was the presenter for the film. It is directed by Atlanta Nagendra, who also wrote the screenplay. It is produced by Abbas Moloo, Nawal Parwal,",
"psg_id": "14946982"
},
{
"title": "The Spook Who Sat by the Door (novel)",
"text": "Sat by the Door\" was required reading at the FBI Academy in Quantico, Virginia. Having been much rejected by mainstream publishers, Greenlee's spy novel first was published by Allison & Busby in the UK in March 1969, after the author met Margaret Busby in London the previous year, and by the Richard W. Baron Publishing Company, in the US. It was subsequently translated into several languages, including French, Italian, Dutch, Japanese, Swedish, and German. The cinematic adaptation, also called \"The Spook Who Sat by the Door\" (1973), was directed by Ivan Dixon, and the novel's author co-wrote the screenplay. \"The",
"psg_id": "13078339"
},
{
"title": "King of the Delta Blues Singers",
"text": "available by Johnson not on this record. \"King of the Delta Blues Singers\" was reissued on September 15, 1998 by the Legacy Records subsidiary label of the Sony Corporation, with a newly discovered alternate version of \"Traveling Riverside Blues\" appended as a bonus track. The original recording engineer was Vincent Liebler. The \"Los Angeles Times\" wrote that Johnson's recordings for the albums \"revolutionized the Mississippi Delta style that became the foundation of the Chicago blues sound\". \"The Wall Street Journal\" wrote that \"when his album \"King of the Delta Blues Singers\" made its belated way to England in the mid-1960s,",
"psg_id": "5981503"
},
{
"title": "Willoughby Delta 8",
"text": "and the Delta's designer, Percival Willoughby. The crash was not attributed to the novel configuration but to an ill-designed elevator trim tab that sent the Delta into a dive. Nonetheless, with the death of the designer and the coming of war, no more was heard of this type of flying wing. YouTube The Delta 8 flies from Heston Willoughby Delta 8 The Willoughby Delta 8, or Delta F was a small twin-engined aerodynamic test bed for a proposed flying wing airliner - the Delta 9. The Delta 8 flew in the United Kingdom for a few months during 1939 before",
"psg_id": "14054088"
},
{
"title": "Delta (Delta Goodrem album)",
"text": "\"News.com.au\" wrote that Delta has \"the Midas Touch\", writing that the album \"captures Goodrem as a sophisticated woman.\" In his review for \"The Korea Times\", Chung Ah-young remarked that in \"Delta\", the singer \"creates cohesive and haunting sounds from beginning to end through unique songs with her stunning songwriting and musical talent.\" Bill Brotherton of \"Boston Herald\" called the album \"a refreshingly schmaltz-free, though slickly produced pop album that will appeal to both preteens and grandmas.\" Chuck Campbell of \"Scripps News\" was very positive, writing that the self-titled project \"sounds like the work of an old pro. On 'Delta,' Goodrem",
"psg_id": "10112638"
},
{
"title": "Delta Phi",
"text": "Eliphalet Nott, president of Union College, called for the dissolution of all fraternities. Before this policy could be enacted, John Jay Hyde, a member of Delta Phi, argued the benefits of the fraternity system so convincingly that Nott relented and permitted the organizations to remain in existence. Hyde went on to design the badge still worn by members of Delta Phi, which includes a Maltese Cross, a symbol used by the Knights of Malta. This connection to the Knights of Malta led Delta Phi to become known as \"The St. Elmo Club\", a name first used by the Omicron chapter",
"psg_id": "4827526"
},
{
"title": "Delta Junction, Alaska",
"text": "into the Russian Far East. The Alaska Highway was built to connect an existing road in Dawson Creek, British Columbia, Canada, with the Richardson Highway in Alaska, a distance of . The Alaska Highway met the Richardson Highway at a point south along the Delta River from Big Delta. The place where the highways met became known as Delta Junction. Allen Army Airfield was constructed south of Delta Junction for use in sending supplies to Russia. The Glenn Highway was built from Anchorage to what is now Glennallen, where it met the Richardson Highway. This connection created a motor route",
"psg_id": "1002755"
},
{
"title": "Delta Air Lines",
"text": "for a fee. Gogo was initially offered on Delta's fleet of McDonnell Douglas MD-88 and MD-90 aircraft but has expanded to the remaining domestic fleet, as well as Delta Connection aircraft with a first class cabin. Delta has the largest fleet of Wi-Fi-equipped aircraft in the world. The airline introduced its first in-flight Wi-Fi on international routes to Tokyo from Los Angeles and Atlanta in March 2014, and stated its intent to offer the service on all transoceanic flight routes by the end of 2015. Even though Delta had announced the retirement of its 747 fleet, all Delta 747s were",
"psg_id": "832285"
},
{
"title": "Delta Pi Delta",
"text": "and administration felt the name was too close to Kappa Alpha Order another national social fraternity. Daniel Masterson, one of the founding members, had an older brother who was a member of a fraternity at Georgia Tech. Inspired by his brother’s fraternity, he proposed calling the new organization, “Delta Pi Delta.” The name was approved by the members and the new Greek-letter fraternity was born. As a result, much of the symbolism and traditions of Delta Tau Delta were borrowed by the new organization, including a similarity to Delta Tau Delta's coat of arms. Soon after Delta Pi Delta was",
"psg_id": "17572785"
},
{
"title": "The Last Gentleman (novel)",
"text": "return to the South with his family and serve as Jamie's caretaker. The novel focuses on the relationship between Will and the Vaughts, and on Will's continuing search for his own identity. Walker Percy followed the story of \"The Last Gentleman\" in \"The Second Coming\". The Last Gentleman (novel) The Last Gentleman is a 1966 novel by Walker Percy. The narrative centers on the character of Williston Bibb Barrett, a man born in the Mississippi Delta who has moved to New York City, where he lives at a YMCA and works as a night janitor. Will suffers from a \"nervous",
"psg_id": "7677589"
},
{
"title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (novel)",
"text": "pages and costing $3.95. The reception to the novel was so bad that Fleming wrote to Michael Howard at Jonathan Cape, to explain why he wrote the book: \"I had become increasingly surprised to find my thrillers, which were designed for an adult audience, being read in schools, and that young people were making a hero out of James Bond ... So it crossed my mind to write a cautionary tale about Bond, to put the record straight in the minds particularly of younger readers ... the experiment has obviously gone very much awry\". Fleming subsequently requested that there should",
"psg_id": "2703635"
},
{
"title": "Delta Delta Delta",
"text": "Delta Delta Delta Delta Delta Delta (ΔΔΔ), also known as Tri Delta and Tri-Delt, is an international sorority founded on November 27, 1888 at Boston University by Sarah Ida Shaw, Eleanor Dorcas Pond, Isabel Morgan Breed and Florence Isabelle Stewart. Tri Delta partnered with St. Jude Children's Research Hospital in 1999 and was the first non-corporation partner to be named the St. Jude partner of the year. With over 200,000 living initiates, Tri Delta is one of the largest National Panhellenic Conference sororities. Delta Delta Delta was founded by Sarah Ida Shaw, Eleanor Dorcas Pond, Florence Isabelle Stewart, and Isabel",
"psg_id": "4232347"
},
{
"title": "Delta Green",
"text": "was first introduced in 1992 in the seventh issue of \"The Unspeakable Oath\", Pagan Publishing's Call of Cthulhu's fanzine, in the scenario \"Convergence\", which would be later republished in the first \"Delta Green\" sourcebook. The scenario introduced Delta Green as a loose organization within the US Government dedicated to secretly fight the creatures from the Cthulhu Mythos. Pagan Publishing would then expand the setting resulting in the publishing of the \"Delta Green\" sourcebook in 1997. In 1998, \"Delta Green\" won the Origins Award for Best Roleplaying Supplement of 1997. The setting also won two awards in 2000: Best Game-Related Novel",
"psg_id": "3683630"
},
{
"title": "High-leg delta",
"text": "High-leg delta High-leg delta (also known as wild-leg, stinger leg, bastard leg, high-leg, orange-leg, or red-leg delta) is a type of electrical service connection for three-phase electric power installations. It is used when both single and three-phase power is desired to be supplied from a three phase transformer (or transformer bank). The three-phase power is connected in the delta configuration, and the center point of one phase is grounded. This creates both a split-phase single phase supply (L1 or L2 to neutral on diagram at right) and three-phase (L1-L2-L3 at right). It is called \"orange leg\" because the wire is",
"psg_id": "9234505"
},
{
"title": "The Woman Who Was Poor",
"text": "have led Jacques Maritain back to Mother Church will baffle most admirers of that subtle, first-class mind. \"Kirkus Reviews\" wrote that the novel does not \"move with swift and arresting action\", but has \"passages of great beauty and the character delineation [is] interesting\". The critic wrote that the book \"is saturated with Catholic thought and allusions, but is by nomeans just a pietistic tract in novel form, for Leon Bloy was an accomplished novelist.\" The Woman Who Was Poor The Woman Who Was Poor () is an 1897 novel by the French writer Léon Bloy. It follows a woman, Clotilde,",
"psg_id": "19540776"
},
{
"title": "High-leg delta",
"text": "give separate services for single-phase and three-phase loads, e.g., 120 V split-phase (lighting etc.) and 240 V to 600 V three-phase (for large motors). However, many jurisdictions forbid more than one class for a premises' service, and the choice may come down to 120/240 split-phase, 208 single-phase or three-phase (delta), 120/208 three-phase (wye), or 277/480 three-phase (wye) (or 347/600 three-phase (wye) in Canada). High-leg delta High-leg delta (also known as wild-leg, stinger leg, bastard leg, high-leg, orange-leg, or red-leg delta) is a type of electrical service connection for three-phase electric power installations. It is used when both single and three-phase",
"psg_id": "9234513"
},
{
"title": "The Woman Who Did",
"text": "promote women's rights. It certainly created an immediate popular sensation - Flora Thompson for instance describing how, in small-town Hampshire, \"copies were bought and handed round until practically everyone of mature age in the village had read and passed judgement on it\". However, the novel was also controversial right from the start, with conservative readers as well as feminists criticizing Allen for the heroine he had invented. For example, Victoria Crosse wrote her novel \"The Woman Who Didn't\" (1895) as a response to Allen's book and Mrs. Lovett Cameron wrote \"The Man Who Didn't\". Whereas Herminia Barton questions the institution",
"psg_id": "1686148"
},
{
"title": "Delta Air Lines",
"text": "777.In October 2018, Delta announced that they will be selling First Class seats on domesticly configured Boeing 757 aircraft flying transatlantic routes as Premium Select. First Class is offered on mainline domestic flights (except those featuring Delta One service), select short- and medium-haul international flights, and Delta Connection aircraft with more than 50 seats. Seats range from wide and have between of pitch. Passengers in this class receive a wider variety of free snacks compared to Main Cabin, as well as free drinks and alcohol, and full meal service on flights and longer. Certain aircraft also feature power-ports at each",
"psg_id": "832279"
},
{
"title": "The Music From The Connection (Freddie Redd Quartet)",
"text": "as \"Music from the Connection\". Original score, new cast Rewritten score by Cecil Payne and Kenny Drew, Conducted by Cecil Payne Recorded 14, 15, 16 March 1962 - Charlie Parker Records PLP 806 The score to accompany the L.A. production was performed by Dexter Gordon who later recorded several parts from the production for his Blue Note release \"Dexter Calling...\" (1961). Quote (from the liner notes to the Blue Note album): \"Soul Sister,\" the original that launches the first side is one of the themes Dexter wrote for the score of the Hollywood version of The Connection in which he",
"psg_id": "10268042"
},
{
"title": "Degrees of Connection",
"text": "covering the Securities Commission investigation into Orlando. Degrees of Connection Degrees of Connection is a 2004 Ned Kelly Award-winning novel by the Australian author Jon Cleary. It was the 20th and last entry in the Scobie Malone series. Cleary decided to stop writing crime novels because he felt he was getting stale. Scobie Malone as been promoted from inspector to superintendent, while Russ Clements is now head of Homicide. He investigates the murder of the personal assistant to Natalie Shipwood, the CEO of development company Orlando. Malone's son, Tom, seems to have impregnated a girlfriend who is subsequently murdered and",
"psg_id": "12554476"
},
{
"title": "Degrees of Connection",
"text": "Degrees of Connection Degrees of Connection is a 2004 Ned Kelly Award-winning novel by the Australian author Jon Cleary. It was the 20th and last entry in the Scobie Malone series. Cleary decided to stop writing crime novels because he felt he was getting stale. Scobie Malone as been promoted from inspector to superintendent, while Russ Clements is now head of Homicide. He investigates the murder of the personal assistant to Natalie Shipwood, the CEO of development company Orlando. Malone's son, Tom, seems to have impregnated a girlfriend who is subsequently murdered and his daughter Maureen is an ABC journalist",
"psg_id": "12554475"
},
{
"title": "The Winner (novel)",
"text": "$100,000,000, on the condition that she leaves the United States and never returns. When she secretly returns ten years later, Jackson comes to punish her for disobeying him, the FBI is searching for her in connection with the lottery scam, and her only help comes from the mysterious Matthew Riggs. The Winner (novel) The Winner is fiction novel by American author David Baldacci. The book was initially published on January 1, 1998 by Grand Central Publishing. The novel tells the story of LuAnn Tyler, a destitute mother living in a trailer park, who meets with Jackson, a man running a",
"psg_id": "13842955"
},
{
"title": "The Surgeon (novel)",
"text": "to get closer and closer to Cordell, who is creating a romantic and sexual connection with Thomas Moore. In the end, Jane manages to save Cordell from the Surgeon, and Moore marries Cordell. \"The Surgeon\" received a RITA award Romance Writers of America in 2002 for Best Romantic Suspense Novel. The Surgeon (novel) The Surgeon (2001) is a suspense novel by Tess Gerritsen, the first of the Maura Isles/Jane Rizzoli series. A terrifying new serial killer begins stalking the streets of Boston, using his vast medical knowledge to systematically torture and kill vulnerable women, a modus operandi which has earned",
"psg_id": "10851758"
},
{
"title": "Who? (novel)",
"text": "\"Roboman\". Who? (novel) Who? (1958) is a science fiction novel by American writer Algis Budrys, set during the Cold War. It was adapted into a 1974 film starring Elliott Gould. An explosion resulting from an experiment gone awry rocks an Allied research facility near the border with the Soviet Bloc. A Soviet team abducts Dr. Lucas Martino, a leading Allied physicist in charge of a secret, high-priority project called K-88. Several months later, under American pressure, the Soviet officials finally hand over an individual, claiming that he is Dr. Martino. The man has undergone extensive surgery for his injuries. He",
"psg_id": "6281452"
},
{
"title": "Who? (novel)",
"text": "Who? (novel) Who? (1958) is a science fiction novel by American writer Algis Budrys, set during the Cold War. It was adapted into a 1974 film starring Elliott Gould. An explosion resulting from an experiment gone awry rocks an Allied research facility near the border with the Soviet Bloc. A Soviet team abducts Dr. Lucas Martino, a leading Allied physicist in charge of a secret, high-priority project called K-88. Several months later, under American pressure, the Soviet officials finally hand over an individual, claiming that he is Dr. Martino. The man has undergone extensive surgery for his injuries. He has",
"psg_id": "6281446"
},
{
"title": "Delta Air Lines fleet",
"text": "50-seat regional jets flown by Delta Connection and some older DC-9s. The Boeing 717s were scheduled to enter service over a three-year period: 16 in 2013, an additional 36 in 2014, and the remaining 36 in 2015. Delta bought three additional 717s from Finnish airline Blue1 in 2015, bringing its total to 91 aircraft. Delta Air Lines officially retired its DC-9s from mainline service on January 6, 2014; however, two DC-9s continued to be used on an as-needed basis until January 22 because of delayed Boeing 717 deliveries. Delta currently operates the last production model of the MD-90-30 (Registration N965DN).",
"psg_id": "12628860"
},
{
"title": "Penelope Delta",
"text": "Ion Dragoumi, then the Vice-Consul of Greece in Alexandria. Dragoumi, like Penelope Delta, also wrote about the Macedonian Struggle and his personal recollections of it in his books. Penelope Delta formed a romantic relationship with him for some time. Out of respect for Delta and her children, Delta and Dragoumi decided to separate, but continued to correspond passionately until 1912, when Dragoumi started a relationship with the famous stage actress Marika Kotopouli. In the meantime Penelope had twice attempted suicide. Delta moved to Frankfurt, Germany in 1906, when her husband went to run the offices of the Khoremis-Benakis cotton business",
"psg_id": "4807445"
},
{
"title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (novel)",
"text": "star Roger Moore as British Secret Service agent Commander James Bond. Although Fleming had insisted that no film should contain anything of the plot of the novel, the steel-toothed character of Horror was included, although under the name Jaws. The Spy Who Loved Me (novel) The Spy Who Loved Me is the ninth novel in Ian Fleming's James Bond series, first published by Jonathan Cape on 16 April 1962. It is the shortest and most sexually explicit of Fleming's novels, as well as a clear departure from previous Bond novels in that the story is told in the first person",
"psg_id": "2703643"
},
{
"title": "Inside Delta Force",
"text": "\"founding member\" of Delta Force. Former operators acknowledge only one \"founder\", Colonel Charlie Beckwith, who helped establish the unit and was its first commanding officer. Haney used the term \"founding member\" to indicate that he was among the first operators assigned to the 1SFOD-D. One operator, Logan Fitch, who first wrote publicly of the Eagle Claw mission for \"Penthouse Magazine\" in 1984 and was highly critical of Beckwith, called Haney a \"crass opportunist\" for capitalizing on his past service for personal gain. Despite the falling-out between Haney and some former Delta members, Haney stands behind the accuracy of his book.",
"psg_id": "10225038"
},
{
"title": "Death of the novel",
"text": "the \"death of the novel\" were José Ortega y Gasset, who wrote his \"Decline of the Novel\" in 1925 and Walter Benjamin in his 1930 review \"Krisis des Romans\" (Crisis of the Novel). In the 1950s and 1960s, contributors to the discussion included Gore Vidal, Roland Barthes, and John Barth. Ronald Sukenick wrote the story \"The Death of the Novel\" in 1969. In 1954, Wolfgang Kayser argued that the death of the narrator would lead to the death of the novel - a view that has since been contested by many people. Meanwhile, Alain Robbe-Grillet argued that the novel would",
"psg_id": "9702853"
},
{
"title": "Hollywood Connection",
"text": "connection\". The player who won the coin toss choose which row of celebrities (either the top or bottom) to play with. Lange then read a question to the celebrities with two possible answers, after which the stars wrote down their response. When finished, the player in control chose one of the answers that they think the star would say (unlike \"Match Game\", the contestant gave an answer for each individual panelist, rather than the entire panel). Each time the player made a connection, they earned 1 point. After the first player was done, their opponent then had a chance to",
"psg_id": "8437310"
},
{
"title": "Mumbhai Connection",
"text": "Mumbhai Connection Mumbhai Connection is a 2011 Hindi-language film shot entirely in Atlanta, USA. The film was set to release theatrically in August 2014 and Amber Sharma, managing director of Mowgli Productions, was the presenter for the film. It is directed by Atlanta Nagendra, who also wrote the screenplay. It is produced by Abbas Moloo, Nawal Parwal, Sathya Narayanan and Rafiq Batcha. The music director is Praveen Duth Stephen. An Indian salesman, Faisal, joins an Atlanta IT company only to learn that it is run by the Mumbai mafia. Worse, he is forced to sell IT services to the Atlanta",
"psg_id": "14946981"
},
{
"title": "Miami Connection",
"text": "Miami Connection Miami Connection is a 1987 independent martial arts film starring Y.K. Kim, who also wrote and produced the feature. Originally, the film was critically maligned and received poor box office return upon release. It remained unseen for decades until Drafthouse Films restored the film for a proper release in 2012. The film was released on DVD, Blu-ray, limited-edition VHS, and various digital download options on December 11, 2012. Since then, the film has been better received by audiences and has garnered a cult following. A cocaine deal in Miami is interrupted by a group of motorcycle-riding ninjas led",
"psg_id": "16868553"
},
{
"title": "Delta Delta Delta",
"text": "chapter members were \"involved in activities that do not represent our high standards or align with Tri Delta's purpose.\" Chapter members also \"violated the chapter's previous probation terms.\" The national organization declined to specify further, but noted that the chapter had \"been on probation for three consecutive semesters, and each time was asked to take responsibility for their actions. Each time ... the chapter chose to ignore advice and recommendations, sending a strong message that they had no intention of making positive change.\" Delta Delta Delta Delta Delta Delta (ΔΔΔ), also known as Tri Delta and Tri-Delt, is an international",
"psg_id": "4232367"
},
{
"title": "Who Has Seen the Wind (novel)",
"text": "Who Has Seen the Wind (novel) Who Has Seen the Wind is a novel written by Canadian author W. O. Mitchell, who took the title from a famous poem by Christina Rossetti. It was first published in 1947 and has sold close to 1 million copies in Canada. \"Who Has Seen the Wind\" is considered to be Mitchell's best known work and is taught in a number of Canadian schools and universities. \"Quill & Quire\" listed \"Who Has Seen the Wind\" at number 7 on their list of the top 40 Canadian novels of the 20th century. \"Who Has Seen",
"psg_id": "18030136"
},
{
"title": "Delta robot",
"text": "volume. The version developed by Reymond Clavel has four degrees of freedom: three translations and one rotation. In this case a fourth leg extends from the base to the middle of the triangular platform giving to the end effector a fourth, rotational degree of freedom around the vertical axis. Currently other versions of the delta robot have been developed: The majority of delta robots use rotary actuators. Vertical linear actuators have recently been used (using a linear delta design) to produce a novel design of 3D printer. These offer advantages over conventional leadscrew-based 3D printers of quicker access to a",
"psg_id": "8119204"
},
{
"title": "Delta Green",
"text": "and Arc Dream Publishing began work in mid-2008 on a new sourcebook, \"Delta Green: Targets of Opportunity\", which was released as a limited-edition hardback in June 2010, to be followed by a softcover retail edition. As of August 2011 the entire 1,000-copy print run of the hardback limited edition was sold out. In August 2011, \"Delta Green: Targets of Opportunity\" won silver (2nd place) Ennie Awards for Best Writing and Best Adventure. Arc Dream Publishing released an ebook edition of the novel \"Delta Green: Denied to the Enemy\" in January 2011. As of October 29, 2015, a Kickstarter Campaign by",
"psg_id": "3683633"
},
{
"title": "Miami Connection",
"text": "or at least, received for what it is and not held up to unrealistic standards.\" Rob Humanick of \"Slant Magazine\" gave the film three and one-half stars out of four stars and wrote that \"love it or hate it, it's doubtful you'll ever forget it, and it may just force you to redefine your definition of what constitutes 'good' cinema.\" Rich Juzwiak of \"Gawker\" wrote that the film was \"So Bad It’s Essential.\" David Schmader of \"The Stranger\" wrote that \"to say that \"Miami Connection\" is bad is a crushing understatement. \"Miami Connection\" is so bad it makes Tommy Wiseau's",
"psg_id": "16868565"
}
] | [
"hammond innes",
"ralph hammond innes",
"ralph hammond"
] |
in the 70s george lee was a world champion in which sport? | [
{
"title": "George Lee (pilot)",
"text": "and in politics in Queensland. They have two children, Sonja and Brian. He published his autobiography, \"Hold Fast To Your Dreams\", in 2013, which was also published in Polish in 2015 as \"Uwierz w marzenia\". List of glider pilots George Lee (pilot) Douglas George Lee MBE (born 7 November 1945) is a glider pilot who was world gliding champion on three consecutive occasions. He was born in Dublin, Ireland. He joined the Royal Air Force as an engineering apprentice at the age of sixteen in 1962, becoming a British subject. He completed his training as an electrical fitter and in",
"psg_id": "16572482"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "World of Sport Wrestling",
"text": "the conclusion of Episode 6 (transmitted 1 September 2018) a nine date live tour of the show's stars was announced for January/February 2019. The current champion is Justin Sysum, who is in his first reign. Sysum defeated Rampage to win the title. The current champions are Grado and British Bulldog Jr., who are in their first reign. They defeated the previous champions, Kip Sabian and Iestyn Rees to win the title in episode 10 of Series 1. The current champion is Kay Lee Ray, who is in her first reign. World of Sport Wrestling World of Sport Wrestling (frequently shortened",
"psg_id": "20087819"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Aberdeen",
"text": "also has numerous boxing gyms where the WBU lightweight champion of the world, Lee McAllister trains in the Granite City boxing club. There is also St Mary's Boxing Club, Kincorth Boxing Club and Kingswells Boxing Club. There is also a baseball team in Aberdeen called the Granite City Oilers, founded in 2013, competing in the Scottish National Baseball League. Sport in Aberdeen Sport in Aberdeen, Scotland is a major affair with Aberdeen being home to three Commonwealth Games swimmers and Aberdeen Football Club Aberdeen's largest football club is Aberdeen Football Club, but there are also other senior teams, notably Cove",
"psg_id": "9747349"
},
{
"title": "Sport in the United Kingdom",
"text": "the evolution of modern boxing, with the codification of the rules of the sport known as the Queensberry Rules, named after John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry in 1867. Britain's first heavyweight world champion Bob Fitzsimmons made boxing history as the sport's first three-division world champion. Some of the best contemporary British boxers included; super-middleweight champion Joe Calzaghe, featherweight champion Naseem Hamed, and heavyweight champion Lennox Lewis. Welshman Calzaghe's display against Jeff Lacy in 2006 prompted Lacy's trainer to state \"I have never seen a better performance than that in the world.\" British professional boxing offers some of the largest",
"psg_id": "4174858"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Africa",
"text": "and 2002 British Open; Nick Price, winner of the 1992 and 1994 PGA Championship and 1994 British Open; Retief Goosen; Trevor Immelman; Louis Oosthuizen and Charl Schwartzel. Tennis is minority sport in Africa. There are also major martial arts and combat sport competitions in the continent. Louis Phal was the first African world boxing champion. It would another 4 decades for another boxing world champion in the form of Richard Ihetu. Meanwhile, there was little administrative framework for professional boxing in Africa until 1973, when representatives of nine African nations created the African Boxing Union. On October 30, 1974, Muhammad",
"psg_id": "13626088"
},
{
"title": "Gay Sex in the 70s",
"text": "Gay Sex in the 70s Gay Sex in the 70s is a 2005 American documentary film about gay sexual culture in New York City in the 1970s. The film was directed by Joseph Lovett and encompasses the twelve years of sexual freedom bookended by the Stonewall riots of 1969 and the recognition of AIDS in 1981, and features interviews with Larry Kramer, Tom Bianchi, Barton Lidice Beneš, Rodger McFarlane, and many others. The film uses archival footage and interviews to describe the world of gay anonymous and casual sex in the settings of discotheques, bathhouses, bars and dark rooms, Fire",
"psg_id": "9461920"
},
{
"title": "Lee conformal world in a tetrahedron",
"text": "Lee conformal world in a tetrahedron The Lee conformal world in a tetrahedron is a polyhedral, conformal map projection that projects the globe onto a tetrahedron using Dixon's elliptic functions. It is conformal everywhere except for the four singularities at the vertices of the polyhedron. Because of the nature of polyhedrons, this map projection can be tessellated infinitely in the plane. It was developed by L. P. Lee in 1965. Coordinates from a spherical datum can be transformed into Lee conformal projection coordinates with the following formulas, where \"α\" is the longitude and \"σ\" the angular distance from the pole:",
"psg_id": "20178571"
},
{
"title": "Lee conformal world in a tetrahedron",
"text": "where and \"sm\" and \"cm\" are Dixon's elliptic functions. Since there is no way to directly compute these functions, Lee suggested the use of the 28th degree MacLaurin Series. Lee conformal world in a tetrahedron The Lee conformal world in a tetrahedron is a polyhedral, conformal map projection that projects the globe onto a tetrahedron using Dixon's elliptic functions. It is conformal everywhere except for the four singularities at the vertices of the polyhedron. Because of the nature of polyhedrons, this map projection can be tessellated infinitely in the plane. It was developed by L. P. Lee in 1965. Coordinates",
"psg_id": "20178572"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Mexico",
"text": "in Mexico. The Mexican hockey league includes 7 federation clubs and 8 independent clubs. Mexico is also the only Latin American full member of the International Ice Hockey Federation and competes in international tournaments. Mexican sport is also known for its boxing tradition. Boxing is the most popular individual sport in Mexico. Mexico is also the second in total number of world champions produced, after the United States, and has recently produced more World Champions in the last 30 years. The first boxing champion Mexico produced was Battling Shaw when he became the Light Welterweight Champion by outpointing Johnny Jadick",
"psg_id": "5496733"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Brazil",
"text": "sport created in Birigüi, São Paulo state. It is a kind of volleyball played in a swimming pool. Peteca (shuttlecock) is a native sport which originated from indigenous games. Surfing is one of the most popular aquatic sports in Brazil, with several professional Brazilian surfers competing in the men's and women's ASP World Tour, including former world champions Gabriel Medina and Adriano de Souza. Brazil is known for producing longboard surfers (such as former world champion Phil Razjman), big-rider surfers (such as Carlos Burle and two-time XXL award winner Maya Gabeira) and well-known bodyboarders. Rodeo enjoys significant popularity in some",
"psg_id": "4749683"
},
{
"title": "New York in the '70s",
"text": "New York in the '70s New York in the '70s is a concept album by British alternative rock artist Luke Haines. The music style is influenced by new wave and protopunk bands from the New York scene mostly by Suicide (band). Into his song \"Cerne Abbas Man\", he refers Rock and Roll Animals in the sentence \"The birds were in my last LP\". The concept is less of a narrative story and more of a descriptive album. As the title tells, Haines describes some scenes from New York City in 1970s art world. Talking about social context, drug use, sexual",
"psg_id": "19065401"
},
{
"title": "MTV's The 70s House",
"text": "MTV's The 70s House MTV's The 70s House is an American reality television show created by Aaron Matthew Lee. The show premiered on MTV on July 5 and ended September 6, 2005. The show featured twelve contestants (six male, six female) who thought they were participating in a \"The Real World\"-type reality show, but instead were thrust into a 24/7 simulation of the 1970s. They were required to part with all modern technology including cell phones, laptops, and MP3 players, as well as all modern clothing and lingo, only to adopt their cultural equivalents of the 1970s. It was billed",
"psg_id": "5473599"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Russia",
"text": "champion and multiple record holders in professional powerlifting tournaments and World championships. The Soviet Union was the most successful country in the history of wrestling, Russia has continued the tradition and has produced multiple Olympic and World champions. Wrestling is the most accessible and played out sport for boys and young adults in Russia especially in the Caucasus Republics and regions (Chechnya, Dagestan, Karachay-Cherkessia, North-Ossetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Ingushetia). Russia has maintained a strong tradition in Fencing since Tsarist Russia where it was a popular sport amongst the Russian elites, it transitioned into the Soviet Union as a sport for the Soviet",
"psg_id": "10813823"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Brazil",
"text": "medallists in the sport include Rogério Sampaio and Aurélio Miguel; João Derly and Tiago Camilo are world champions. Rafaela Silva won golds in the 2013 World Judo Championships and the 2016 Summer Olympics, both held in her hometown of Rio de Janeiro. Boxing is popular, especially in northeastern Brazil; it is considered a working-class sport. Eder Jofre and Acelino \"Popó\" Freitas are former world champions. In horse racing, Silvestre de Sousa was the British flat racing Champion Jockey in 2015. The Brazilian-bred horse Glória de Campeão won the Dubai World Cup, then the world's richest Thoroughbred race, in 2010 with",
"psg_id": "4749681"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Scotland",
"text": "the world and he enjoyed cult status during his 15-year career at the top of the sport. Colin was the son of 5-time British Rally Champion, Jimmy McRae, and brother of Alister McRae who also enjoyed success in the world of international rallying. Scotland's most recent world crown was won in 2001, when Perthshire born co-driver Robert Reid won the World Rally Championship with Richard Burns. Louise Aitken-Walker also made significant inroads into the male-dominated sport and is Britain’s most successful female rally driver of all time, claiming the ladies world rally championship in 1990. One of the most enduring",
"psg_id": "7420813"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Estonia",
"text": "Estonia between 1920–1936. In 2006, Heiki Nabi became the first amateur wrestling World Champion for Estonia. At the 2012 Summer Olympics, Nabi won the silver medal in the Men's Greco-Roman 120kg. Nabi continued his great career winning second gold medal at 2013 World Championships and bronze medal at 2014 World Championships. Gallery of famous Estonian sportspeople Sport in Estonia Sport plays an important role in Estonian culture. Estonia first competed as a nation at the 1920 Summer Olympics, although the National Olympic Committee was established in 1923. Estonian athletes took part at every Olympic Games until the country was annexed",
"psg_id": "13750763"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Mexico",
"text": "Olympic sport. The 400-meter event became popular when Ana Guevara became world champion in 2003. \"Italic\" text indicates upcoming events hosted by Mexico. Mexican professional wrestling, which is known as lucha libre, has been a popular spectacle in Mexico since 1933, when promoter Salvador Lutteroth Gonzales founded Empresa Mexicana de Lucha Libre. Like other forms of professional wrestling, it is not strictly a sport, but rather a form of sports entertainment, as matches usually have predetermined outcomes. Lucha libre is characterized by rapid sequences of holds and moves, as well as spectacular high-flying moves, many of which have been adopted",
"psg_id": "5496743"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Namibia",
"text": "world champion. Douw Calitz was the winner of this title when he emerged victor of the World Champion of Champions tournament in 2003 in Moama, Australia. Some of the major national tournaments include the annual National League, as well as the annual Namibia National Championships. In 2013, Namibia played host to the African States Tournament, a competition featuring seven countries from all over Africa. The National men's side is currently ranked 11th in the world. Sport in Namibia The principal sports in Namibia are football, rugby union, cricket, golf and fishing. Boxing and athletics are also popular as well. The",
"psg_id": "10236448"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Cornwall",
"text": "arts. The Cornish Wrestling Association was formed in 1923, to standardise the rules of the sport and to promote Cornish wrestling throughout Cornwall and the world. Together with Cornish hurling (a localised form of medieval football), Wrasslin' has been promoted as a distinctly Celtic game, tied closely with Cornish identity. Helston-born boxer Bob Fitzsimmons (26 May 1863 – 22 October 1917), who moved to New Zealand as a child, was the first ever boxer to become Heavyweight, Light-Heavyweight and Middleweight World Champion. Len Harvey was another notable boxer from Cornwall. Cornwall's other national sport is hurling, a kind of medieval",
"psg_id": "4878884"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Scotland",
"text": "competed to medal results in the International Six Days Enduro and in each of the same years Scottish riders successfully finished the grueling Dakar Rally as the first Scots to do so. Scotland can even claim a World Champion in motorcycle stunt riding with Kevin Carmichael taking the title in 2002. There are various motor sport venues throughout Scotland, the biggest of which is Knockhill Racing Circuit in Fife . For Motorcycle sport in Scotland, the Governing Body is the SACU. Scotland has a distinct set of media products, especially when it comes to sports coverage. The main Scottish daily",
"psg_id": "7420819"
},
{
"title": "Sport in New Zealand",
"text": "Merriman is a four-time winner of the World Enduro Championship for enduro motorcycling. In 2003 Wade Cunningham become New Zealand's first ever Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile world champion by winning the Karting World Championship. Cunningham now races in the US Indy car series Orienteering is a popular sport in New Zealand, that combines cross-country running with land navigation skills across a range of settings. Variations of the sport popular in New Zealand include bicycle orienteering, ski orienteering, and rogaines. Orienteering is a popular sport for youth and juniors, and New Zealand regularly sends competitors to both the World Orienteering Championships",
"psg_id": "4957167"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Serbia",
"text": "as Olympic silver medal in 2016. The Serbia men's national water polo team is the second most successful national team after Hungary in the history of sport, having won Olympic gold medal in 2016, three World Championships (2005, 2009 and 2015). The last 3 FINA World Cups in 2006, 2010, 2014. A record 11 FINA World Leagues and seven European Championships in 2001, 2003, 2006, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018, respectively. VK Partizan has won a joint-record seven European champion titles. Other noted Serbian athletes include: swimmers Milorad Čavić (2009 World champion on 50 meters butterfly and silver medalist on",
"psg_id": "9913206"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Israel",
"text": "Israel is chaired by Hamad Amar, an Israeli Druze member of the Knesset. Nili Block is a world champion kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter. Judo is one of the three sports in which Israeli athletes have won Olympic medals. In 2013, Yarden Gerbi won a gold medal at the Judo World Championships, and in 2016 she won a bronze medal at the Olympics. Other notable Israeli judokas include: The Israel Motor-Sport Association was founded in 1990. It has organised rally, autocross, rallycross and drag racing competitions. Auto racing was legalized in 2011. A 1.5 km permanent racetrack was opened in",
"psg_id": "8427847"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Iraq",
"text": "Iraq Basketball Association, the country's professional organization, runs a number of adult and youth leagues, and the Iraqi Premier League, for elite players. Iraq has a world-champion kickboxer in Riyadh Al-Azzawi. Iraqi professional wrestler Adnan Al-Kaissie is known as General Adnan. Sport in Iraq Sports in Iraq There are a wide variety of sports played and followed in Iraq. Football is the most popular sport and hobbies in Iraq. Football is a considerable uniting factor, following years of war and unrest. Basketball, swimming, weightlifting, bodybuilding, taekwondo, boxing, kickboxing, and tennis are also popular sports and hobbies. Sport was only recently",
"psg_id": "9682453"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Poland",
"text": "in 1959. Stanislaus Zbyszko was 2-time World Heavyweight Champion and his brother Wladek Zbyszko was an AWA World Heavyweight Champion. Stanisława Walasiewicz successfully represented Poland. The problem of her gender remains unsolved. Jewish community in Poland had several champions, e.g. chess players Zachary Vivado, Talal Kousa, Omar Kousa, Amar Malik. Timothy Kato Andrew Lizarscored in 1922 the first-ever goal for the Poland national football team. Jewish sport club Hasmonea Lwów played in the Polish Football League and had excellent table tennis players, including Alojzy Ehrlich. Polish People's Republic was controlled by the Soviet Union and the only form of legal",
"psg_id": "3053075"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Sweden",
"text": "in cross-country skiing. In ski jumping, Jan Boklöv revolutionised the sport with his new V-style technique. In biathlon Magdalena Forsberg was the dominant female athlete in the late 1990s and early 2000s, while Helena Ekholm has been one of the top competitors in recent years. A number of Swedes have been internationally successful in track and field. In the 1940s runners Gunder Hägg, Arne Andersson, and Lennart Strand dominated middle distance running. In recent years, stars include high jumpers such as World Champion and European record holder Patrik Sjöberg, Olympic gold medalist Ludmila Engquist, World Champion and Olympic medalist Kajsa",
"psg_id": "4650973"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Lithuania",
"text": "champion, 1998 world road race champion and 2000 Olympic road race bronze medalist). There is a strong junior program in cycling for girls in Lithuania, culminating in an annual international race in Panevėžys. A number of young Lithuanian riders have emerged from this program (particularly Modesta Vžesniauskaitė, one of the top riders in the world). Lithuania's women's track cycling team regularly wins medals at the world and European championships. In recent years, the most successful track cyclist has been Simona Krupeckaitė. Among other sports and pastimes, poker became an official sport in Lithuania on 20 March 2010. The Lithuanian Poker",
"psg_id": "2975333"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Luxembourg",
"text": "Currently, there are four Luxembourgish cyclists on the UCI ProTour, who are Laurent Didier, Bob Jungels, Ben Gastauer, and Jempy Drucker. Among female cyclists, Elsy Jacobs is notable as the first ever women's road racing world champion in 1958, and as a holder of the women's world hour record. Tennis is a popular sport, as it is across western Europe. There are 53 tennis clubs in the country, the oldest of which (\"TC Diekirch\") was founded in 1902. The governing body is the Luxembourg Tennis Federation. The Fortis Championships Luxembourg are held in Luxembourg each year, and are ranked as",
"psg_id": "9106541"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Chile",
"text": "years old, is the current teen world champion. Football is the most popular sport in Chile, which in 1962 hosted the FIFA World Cup and won third place. Chile achieved a bronze medal in the 2000 Olympic Games; third in the 2007 FIFA World Youth Championship; and third place in the 1993 Under 17 Championship in Japan. The Chile national football team won the Copa América title in 2015 and the title in the Copa America Centenario in the US in 2016 , and has played in five finals, and is the country in fourth place in the number of",
"psg_id": "14442329"
},
{
"title": "The World in a Sea Shell",
"text": "decades afterwards. In the wake of the album's release, original members George Bunnell and Randy Seol departed, with the lineup on the band's final album \"Good Morning Starshine\" consisting of guitarists Lee Freeman and Ed King augmented by Nightcrawlers singer Jimmy Pitman, and previous drummer Gene Gunnels. The World in a Sea Shell The World in a Sea Shell is the third album by Strawberry Alarm Clock, released in November 1968 on the Uni label. The album was not a chart success, and was the final LP to include the classic Strawberry Alarm Clock lineup. When the band's second album,",
"psg_id": "14386728"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Chile",
"text": "enduro as well as cross-country rally, including the World Rally Championship. Another World Champion is Francisco \"Chaleco\" López in the 450 cc category, somewhat surprising when taken into account the fact that the team did it with a Honda and not a KTM, the number one motorcycle used in rally. Chilean rodeo is the national sport in Chile, practiced in the more rural areas of the country, and is the second most popular sport in Chile, after football. Chilean rodeo has been practiced in rural areas in central and southern regions of Chile for more than 400 years, but only",
"psg_id": "14442324"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Chennai",
"text": "Sport in Chennai Cricket is the most popular sport in Chennai. The M. A. Chidambaram Stadium is one of the oldest cricket stadiums in India and has been the venue for many notable milestones in the history of Indian cricket. Tennis, field hockey, football and formula racing and squash are the other popular sports. The city hosts an ATP tennis event, the Chennai Open. Chennai has a rich legacy in chess and has produced many well-known chess players, the most notable of them being Viswanathan Anand, the former multiple World Chess Champion. Cricket is the most popular sport in Chennai.",
"psg_id": "10923207"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Israel",
"text": "medley relay. Uri Bergman won 12 gold medals at the Paralympic Games, and other paralympic swimmers such as Izhak Mamistvalov and Keren Leibovitch won several gold medals as well. Rowing is a growing sport in Israel, and has seen a major breakthrough in recent years. Dani Fridman, Israel Champion, is currently ranked 10th in the world, and Moran Samuel is Israel’s 1st rowing world champion (paralympic). Samuel, won her first Paralympic bronze medal, after coming 3rd at the Rio 2016 Summer Paralympics. Other Rio 2016 participants are Yulia Chernoy and Reuven Magnagey, who rowed together in a double scull boat",
"psg_id": "8427830"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Argentina",
"text": "among boxing fans during their years as professional fighters. On 17 April 2010, Sergio Martínez outpointed American Kelly Pavlik in Atlantic City to become the lineal Middleweight champion of the world. Marcos René Maidana has also been champion in 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012. Padel tennis is played by four and a half million amateur players in thirty five thousand courts; it is the most participated sport in Argentina. Professional players compete in National Circuit of tournaments. Argentina won 17 titles at the Padel Tennis World Championship (between women and men). Argentina's polo team won their first Olympic gold medal",
"psg_id": "5940854"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Pakistan",
"text": "weightlifting. Shuja-Ud-Din Malik won gold in the Men's 85 kg. Combined at the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Wrestling has always been an important sport in Pakistan, with regular tournaments played locally. It has seen Pakistan win medals at international games, such as Muhammed Akhtar, a 3-time gold medalist in 2007. Gama Pahalwan was an undefeated World Wrestling Champion from Pakistan. Gama Pahalwan's nephew Bholu Pahalwan also represented Pakistan in wrestling. The Pakistan Wrestling Federation (PWF) is the national governing body of sport of Wrestling in the Pakistan. Gulli Danda is a traditional game in Pakistan. From there, it was introduced in",
"psg_id": "7235663"
},
{
"title": "Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters",
"text": "Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters is a five-disc box set compilation of the recorded work of Elvis Presley during the decade of the 1970s. It was released in 1995 by RCA Records, catalog number 66670-2, following similar box sets that covered his musical output and . This set's initial long-box release included a set of collectable stamps duplicating the record jackets of the LP albums on which the tracks in the box set were originally released by RCA. It also includes a booklet with an",
"psg_id": "10346260"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Manchester",
"text": "Division 1 North UK Dodgeball League. Belle Vue National Speedway Stadium in Gorton is home to the Belle Vue Aces speedway team. Manchester is also home to two women's roller derby teams, the Rainy City Roller Derby and Manchester Roller Derby, the latter also has a men's and junior roller derby team. The sport continues to grow in the UK and Manchester and roller derby bouts held in Manchester regularly sell out as of 2011. Boxing is popular in Manchester. World champion boxers who come from Greater Manchester include WBA lightweight champion Anthony Crolla; IBF, WBA and WBO heavyweight champion",
"psg_id": "10677255"
},
{
"title": "Sport in South Africa",
"text": "players who made it into the world top ten rankings are Wayne Ferreira, Amanda Coetzer and Kevin Anderson. In triathlon, Henri Schoeman is an Olympic bronze medallist, finishing third at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio. Conrad Stoltz is a three-time Xterra Triathlon world champion, Raynard Tissink is a multiple Ironman champion, Hendrick de Villiers is an ITU World Cup winner, Richard Murray is an ITU World Triathlon Series race winner and Dan Hugo is an Xterra and multi-sport star. South Africa has a number of disabled athletes, most notably Oscar Pistorius, the double amputee world record holder at 200",
"psg_id": "9913881"
},
{
"title": "George Champion (politician)",
"text": "George Champion (politician) George Champion (1713-1754) of St. Clement's Lane, London, and Baulking, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), was an English merchant and politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Aylesbury 1734 to 1741. He was an alderman of London in 1730 and Sheriff in 1737. Although himself born in London, George Champion descended from the Champion family of Baulking, near Uffington, Berkshire. He was baptised on 29 November 1713 at St Bride's, Fleet Street, London, the son of George Champion (b 1687) of Uffington, Berkshire and Catherine Bould. He was the cousin of Alexander Champion",
"psg_id": "17540366"
},
{
"title": "Sport in South Korea",
"text": "captain jang kun lee is most famous international player in the pro kabaddi league in India and is currently playing for Bengal Warriors In 2016 Kabaddi World cup Korea finished at 3rd place in the tournament as they lose to Iran in the Semifinals. Korea was the only team to beat eventual winner world champion India in the tournament. Korea was also invited to participate in 2018 Dubai Kabaddi Masters as being top 4 kabaddi nation in the world. Cricket is not that common, but South Korea did enter a national team during the 2014 Asian Games which saw them",
"psg_id": "5618055"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Macau",
"text": "year since 1998 and is one of the rounds of the Asian Tour. It is played at the Macau Golf and Country Club situated at Coloane, Macau. Famous winners include Lee Westwood (1999 Champion) and Colin Montgomerie (2003 Champion). The Macau Open is a squash tournament held in Macau in October. It is part of the PSA World Tour and the WSA World Tour. The Macau Open Badminton Championships is an open international championship in badminton held in Macau since 2006. It is held at either the Tap Seac Multi-sports Pavilion, the Cotai Arena or the Macau Forum. In 2007,",
"psg_id": "8615164"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Leicester",
"text": "sections of the track to utilise for advertising purposes. This was also the first time that a public road – the A46 – was closed in the UK to allow the Road Race to take place. However, this was the second world championships to be hosted by the city. Leicester is also the home of Leicestershire Road Club, the oldest cycling club in the county. Notable riders from Leicester include Individual Pursuit World Champion Colin Sturgess, double World Junior Road Race Champion Lucy Garner, Commonwealth Games silver medallist George Atkins, and Daniel McLay, who in 2016 became the first rider",
"psg_id": "19312293"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Chennai",
"text": "in Chennai for the sport of Sepak Takraw, players from Tamil Nadu participate in four teams in this league. The Tamil Nadu men's team is one of the leading teams in India and many players from Tamil Nadu have represented India. Chennai is home to a rugby union team called the Chennai Cheetahs and was founded in 1997 by four software professionals. It was All India Champion in 2004 and 2006 and also won the All India sevens in 2005 and the South India ten in 2007. India's only Arjuna awardee for Carrom and two-time world champion, Maria Irudayam and",
"psg_id": "10923216"
},
{
"title": "Champion",
"text": "Monarch, to defeat any challenger to the monarch's right to be crowned. Champion warfare refers to a type of battle, most commonly found in the epic poetry and myth of ancient history, in which the outcome of the conflict is determined by single combat, an individual duel between the best soldiers (\"champions\") from each opposing army. World Champion is a title used to denote a winner of a World championship in a particular sport (such as mixed martial arts, professional boxing or professional wrestling), discipline or game. Being a champion at any sport or game requires an extraordinary amount of",
"psg_id": "3677351"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Algeria",
"text": "African Championship of Nations of Women's Judo and at the Olympic Games. Algeria's volleyball team qualified to the 2010 FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. They have won titles in several international competitions in the past. Basketball is another important sport in Algeria; however, the country has won few international titles. Freestyle swimmer and African and Arabic champion Salim Iles competed in the 2004 Olympics. Another growing sport in Algeria is Rugby union. The Algeria national rugby team played their first official game on 18 December 2015 since the creation of the Algerian rugby federation.This historic match was played against the",
"psg_id": "14420802"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Spain",
"text": "Sito Pons, and Ángel Nieto. Away from the track, Laia Sanz has won multiple women's world titles in motorcycle trials and enduro as well as several wins in the female class of the Dakar Rally. In 2018 Ana Carrasco became the first female motorcyclist to win a world title when she became Supersport 300 World Champion. In Formula One the two world championships of Fernando Alonso, in 2005 and 2006, have made the sport popular in Spain. It was, until 2012, the only country to host two Grands Prix, the Spanish Grand Prix in Barcelona and the European Grand Prix",
"psg_id": "8953267"
},
{
"title": "Gay Sex in the 70s",
"text": "in New York during the 1970s, what the legacy of that time of sexual freedom is and how it continues to affect young people today. The following people are interviewed for the documentary. The film was awarded the GayVN Award for Best Alternative Release of 2006. Gay Sex in the 70s Gay Sex in the 70s is a 2005 American documentary film about gay sexual culture in New York City in the 1970s. The film was directed by Joseph Lovett and encompasses the twelve years of sexual freedom bookended by the Stonewall riots of 1969 and the recognition of AIDS",
"psg_id": "9461929"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Russia",
"text": "of race meetings. Subsequently, they announced plans to contest a full season in 2013. The team ran two cars in 2013, with a best result of a fifth place for Thompson in the Race of Russia, and expanded to a three car squad for 2014. Former World Touring Car Champion Robert Huff gave Lada their first WTCC win at the 2014 Beijing round. Sport in Russia The most popular sport in Russia is football. According to Yandex search analysis results rating of the most popular sports among Russians: \"Football topped the list of the most popular sports in Russia\" with",
"psg_id": "10813828"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Latvia",
"text": "javelin thrower Jānis Lūsis won 1968 Summer Olympics also he is 4 time European champion. Lūsis set two world records in javelin throw, 91.68 m in 1968 and of 93.80 m in 1972. In 1987, IAAF nominated him as the all-time greatest javelin thrower in the world. Another javelin thrower won gold medal in 1980 Olympics it was Dainis Kūla. Since 2006, tennis has become a popular sport in Latvia because of Ernests Gulbis's achievements. He reached 4th round of 2007 U.S. Open wherein the 3rd round he beat world No. 8 Tommy Robredo. In 2008 he lost in the",
"psg_id": "3419499"
},
{
"title": "Animals in sport",
"text": "to be playing American football. From 1976 to 1999, the BBC broadcast \"One Man and His Dog\", a television series about sheepdog trials. They also commissioned three series of \"Pets Win Prizes\", a game show with contestants' pets having to perform in various tasks. \"Man vs. Beast\" is an American television show that pitches humans against animals in a variety of unusual challenges, including competitive eating between world champion Takeru Kobayashi and a brown bear. Animals in sport Animals in sport are a specific form of working animals. Many animals, at least in more commercial sports, are highly trained. Two",
"psg_id": "8211339"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Latvia",
"text": "status in 2018, defeating Russia en route. Also Latvian cyclists are famous in the world arena, lately in BMX. First time in Europe cycling history one country Latvian BMX Elite Riders (Artūrs Matisons, Ivo Lakučs, Māris Štrombergs Artis Zentiņš) triumphed on European Championships 2006. Māris Štrombergs was the 2008 and 2010 UCI BMX World champion and a double gold medalist at the Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics and London 2012. Latvian rider Romāns Vainšteins won the elite men's road race at the 2000 UCI Road World Championships. Rally is considered to be the second most popular sport in Latvia. The Rally",
"psg_id": "3419503"
},
{
"title": "George Charles Champion",
"text": "George Charles Champion George Charles Champion (29 April 1851, Walworth, South London – 8 August 1927) was an English entomologist specialising in the study of beetles. He was the eldest son of George Champion. Encouraged by J. Platt-Barret, G. C. Champion began collecting beetles when he was 16. Champion's initial work was mainly in the Home Counties. Recognized as a serious coleopterist, he accepted a post as collector for Frederick DuCane Godman and Osbert Salvin to work on \"Biologia Centrali-Americana\". Champion left England in February 1879 for Guatemala, where he arrived on 16 March. Then commenced four years of journeys",
"psg_id": "7509427"
},
{
"title": "Jean Lee (archer)",
"text": "controversy as an early user of artificial points of aim (the 1950 World Championships were the first where the use of them was allowed). She was forced to retire from the sport in 1952 due to injury, and was inducted into the Archery Hall of Fame in 1975. Jean Lee (archer) Jean Lee (also Jean Lee Lombardo) (born 1925, died 2010) was a former World Champion archer who represented the United States. Lee took up archery while studying at the University of Massachusetts. She dominated the world of competitive archery in the late 1940s and early 1950s, winning four consecutive",
"psg_id": "17628269"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Yugoslavia",
"text": "except in 1972. Country's best finish was in relay, 9th place in both, men's and women's, while the best individual finish was achieved in 1936, 10th place by Franc Smolej. Yugoslavia hosted World Cup races in Bohinj and Sarajevo. Ski jumping was a very popular individual sport in Yugoslavia. Matjaž Debelak won a bronze medal in individual large hill at the 1988 Winter Olympicss as well as silver medal in team large hill along with Miran Tepeš, Primož Ulaga and Matjaž Zupan. Franci Petek became World champion in 1991. Other notable ski jumpers are Bogdan Norčič, Danilo Pudgar, Rajko Lotrič,",
"psg_id": "17407016"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Sheffield",
"text": "junior players. The and Superbike World Champion, James Toseland, comes from Sheffield, as does the climber Joe Simpson. The 2012 Men's Doubles Wimbledon champion Jonathan Marray lives in Sheffield, playing at the Hallamshire Tennis Club. The City of Sheffield Athletic Club has bases at the Don Valley Stadium and the English Institute of Sport. The Sheffield Buccaneers Fencing Club is based in Broomhill. Sheffield City Swimming Club is based at Ponds Forge in Sheffield. The Sheffield Steel Roller Girls roller derby league is based in the city, playing public bouts at Ponds Forge. Sheffield has several field hockey clubs, the",
"psg_id": "6090666"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Mexico",
"text": "Carlos' brother, Memo Gracida, is a polo player of international renown as well and a member of the Polo Hall of Fame. The two have teamed together to win numerous tournaments worldwide. Racquetball is a popular sport that is played in Mexico. The Racquetball World Championships were first held in 1981 and have been played every two years since 1984. San Luis Potosí hosted the championships in 1994 and 2000. Álvaro Beltrán was World Champion in 2000, and Mexican men have won the doubles titles four times: in 2000 (Luis Bustillos & Javier Moreno), 2002 (Polo Gutierrez & Gilberto Mejia),",
"psg_id": "5496730"
},
{
"title": "George Champion (politician)",
"text": "(Senior). He married Susanna (died 3 September 1738), daughter of Sir Jonathan Andrews of Kempton Park, Middlesex and by her had at least three daughters. George Champion (politician) George Champion (1713-1754) of St. Clement's Lane, London, and Baulking, Berkshire (now Oxfordshire), was an English merchant and politician. He was a Member (MP) of the Parliament of Great Britain for Aylesbury 1734 to 1741. He was an alderman of London in 1730 and Sheriff in 1737. Although himself born in London, George Champion descended from the Champion family of Baulking, near Uffington, Berkshire. He was baptised on 29 November 1713 at",
"psg_id": "17540367"
},
{
"title": "Drugs in sport in Australia",
"text": "Drugs in sport in Australia Australia has been at the forefront in the fight against doping in sport. It was one of the first countries to establish a sports anti-doping agency and is a member of World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Australia abides by World Anti-Doping Code. In 2010, Australian John Fahey was re-elected as President of WADA for a second and final three-year term which finished at the end of 2013. Australia like other major countries has been embroiled in major doping in sport controversies and issues. As a result of the Senate Drugs in Sport Inquiry held 1989–1990, the",
"psg_id": "17093351"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Malaysia",
"text": "Jelajah Malaysia. Pandelela Rinong took a bronze medal in 10-metre platform event at the 2012 Summer Olympics. She became the first female Malaysian athlete to win a medal at the Olympics, as well as the first to win an Olympic medal in any sport other than Badminton. Bryan Nickson Lomas, Yeoh Ken Nee, Leong Mun Yee, Cheong Jun Hoong and Traisy Vivien Tukiet are among the top divers in Malaysia. Abdil Mahzan was the leader of 2012 World Cup Points final standings. Abdil Mahzan earned the title of IGSA World Cup Series Champion in the street luge event. His personal",
"psg_id": "14041878"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Colombia",
"text": "World Golf Rankings. Marisa Baena was the inaugural champion of the HSBC Women's World Match Play Championship in 2005. Camilo Benedetti, Diego Vanegas, and Manuel \"Manny\" Villegas (the younger brother of Camilo Villegas) are currently playing professional golf in the United States on the Nationwide Tour, with hopes of eventually graduating to the PGA Tour. David Vanegas is playing on the equivalent Challenge Tour with the prospect of promotion to the European Tour. Although Rugby league is a minor sport in Colombia they have a national team. The skating federation has started to develop ice sports, including bandy, ice hockey,",
"psg_id": "10903652"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Russia",
"text": "Diana Yakovleva, Umyar Mavlikhanov, Elena Novikova-Belova, Veniamin Reshetnikov, Dina Galiakbarova, Timur Safin, Aida Shanayeva, Sergey Sharikov, Yury Sisikin, Yuliya Biryukova, Yana Egorian, Violetta Kolobova, Lyubov Shutova, Anna Sivkova, Mark Rakita, Alexandra Zabelina, Aleksey Cheremisinov. Chess is a favorite pastime, and a sport that has been dominated by Russians in the post-war (1945–) era. The winner of the 1948 World Chess Championship, Russian Mikhail Botvinnik, started an era of Soviet dominance in the chess world. Until the end of the Soviet Union, there was only one non-Soviet champion. Today, 25 of the world's top 100 chess players are Russian. Vitaly Petrov",
"psg_id": "10813825"
},
{
"title": "New York in the '70s",
"text": "to iconic places such as Chelsea Hotel, CBGB, The Kitchen#History etc. All tracks written and composed by Luke Haines except for track 9 by John Moore. New York in the '70s New York in the '70s is a concept album by British alternative rock artist Luke Haines. The music style is influenced by new wave and protopunk bands from the New York scene mostly by Suicide (band). Into his song \"Cerne Abbas Man\", he refers Rock and Roll Animals in the sentence \"The birds were in my last LP\". The concept is less of a narrative story and more of",
"psg_id": "19065403"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Scotland",
"text": "fields three national teams - men's, women's and an indoor side Rock-It-Ball has a minor presence, tending to be played in the Central Belt but is spreading throughout Scotland. The Scottish team won the World Cup in 2007 and 2011. Scotland is also leading the way in the individual version of the sport known as V2. The current World Champion is Scott MacMichael who plays his Rock-It-Ball with the Falkirk Cannons. He also is the only player to have won medals in the 2007 and 2011 team World Cup Victories. At Youth level Scotland has the top female player in",
"psg_id": "7420782"
},
{
"title": "Harry George Champion",
"text": "Forestry at Oxford, succeeding Robert Scott Troup. Troup had offered him a position at the Imperial Forestry Institute in 1924 but Champion chose not to join it. He married Troup's secretary Crystal Parsons. Champion published an initial classification of the forest types of India and Burma in 1936. This was revised in 1968 by S K. Seth and this is referred to as the Champion and Seth classification of the forest types of India. His younger brother F. W. Champion was also a forester in India and a pioneer in wildlife photography. Harry George Champion Sir Harry George Champion CIE",
"psg_id": "15323533"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Yugoslavia",
"text": "Championship in 1981 in Split and World Cup in 1979 in Belgrade and Rijeka. Mima Jaušovec won the first Yugoslavian Grand Slam, French Open in 1977. The most successful Yugoslavian tennis player is Monika Seles, former world number one player. In 1990, at the age of 16, Seles became the youngest-ever French Open champion. In her rich career, she won total of 9 Grand Slam singles titles, making her one of the best female players ever. Sabrina Goleš won silver medal at the 1984 Summer Olympics when the tennis was demonstration sport. Yugoslavia Fed Cup team reached the semi finals",
"psg_id": "17407007"
},
{
"title": "Muslim women in sport",
"text": "a sphere that has \"always been a white sport reserved for people with money\". Ibtihaj was ranked eighth in the world entering the 2016 Summer Olympics, but lost in the round of 16 to France's Cécelia Berder. Tunisian foil fencer Inés Boubakri won the bronze medal at the 2016 Summer Olympics, defeating Russian Aida Shanayeva in the medal round. She dedicated her medal to all Arab women, saying that she wished her victory to be a message that \"women exist and they have their place in society\". Russian figure skater Alina Zagitova is the 2018 Olympic champion, 2018 European champion,",
"psg_id": "19691630"
},
{
"title": "Danny, the Champion of the World",
"text": "Danny, the Champion of the World Danny, the Champion of the World is a 1975 children's book by Roald Dahl. The plot centres on Danny, a young English boy, and his father, William, who live in a Gypsy caravan fixing cars for a living and partake in poaching pheasants. It was first published in 1975 in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. and in the United Kingdom by Jonathan Cape. It was adapted into a made-for-TV movie in 1989 by Thames Television which starred Jeremy Irons. It is based on Dahl's adult short story \"Champion of the World\"",
"psg_id": "5164775"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Sussex",
"text": "the UK's largest marathons and in 2011 was granted Bronze Medal status by the World governing body, the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). Withdean Stadium in Brighton is the county's main athletics stadium. Sussex athletes include Everard Davis, George Hutson, Steve Ovett, Sally Gunnell and Craig Pickering. The sport of bowls has a long history in Sussex. Bowls England was located in Worthing until moving to Leamington Spa in Warwickshire in 2013 and Worthing remains, with Johannesburg, one of only two locations in the world to have hosted the men's World Bowls Championships twice. Boxing has a long history",
"psg_id": "19401345"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Croatia",
"text": "World Cup season. In 2006 she won Laureus World Sports Award for Sportswoman of the Year. Her elder brother Ivica Kostelić was the 2003 World Champion in slalom and the Men's Overall Champion at the 2011 Alpine Skiing World Cup, and as of 14 February 2014 is a four-time Winter Olympic silver medalist himself. Blanka Vlašić is the best-known Croatian track and field athlete; she specialises in the high jump. She is 2007 and 2009 World Champion. Blanka is also 2008 World Indoor Champion, 2008 Olympic silver medalist and 2016 Olympic bronze medalist. Her personal best is (which is only",
"psg_id": "10057928"
},
{
"title": "World Sport Group",
"text": "acquiring a 78.60% stake of a company called World Sport Group Investments, which owned a 90% stake of World Sport Group Holdings. World Sport Group Headquartered in Singapore, World Sport Group was a sports marketing, event management and media company in Asia, with a roster of golf, association football and cricket events. World Sport Group manages almost 600 days of sports events annually, across more than 30 countries in the region. In 2015 it was merged into the Lagardère Sports and Entertainment division of Lagardère Group (which was the parent company since 2008), renamed as Lagardère Sports Asia. World Sport",
"psg_id": "11877867"
},
{
"title": "Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters",
"text": "singles from the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, except where noted. Certain tracks listed as unreleased on the insert card of the jewel cases are unedited masters of issued tracks, or without later overdubs; those are indicated with an asterisk and listed with the original issue information for the released master. Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters is a five-disc box set compilation of the recorded work of Elvis Presley during the decade of the 1970s. It was released in 1995 by RCA Records, catalog number 66670-2, following",
"psg_id": "10346271"
},
{
"title": "MTV's The 70s House",
"text": "the Hustle regardless of what they were doing. They were shown throughout the season doing the Hustle at various times including the middle of the night and early in morning. Stand-up comedian Natasha Leggero played Dawn, while Bil Dwyer played the elimination challenge host, Bert Van Styles. Aaron Matthew Lee, the creator of the show, provided the voice of Oscar. The winner received a prize package from Hewlett-Packard, a 2005 Volkswagen Beetle and a trip to Europe. A similar show centered around 1990s culture called 90's House premiered on MTV in 2017. MTV's The 70s House MTV's The 70s House",
"psg_id": "5473602"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Wales",
"text": "played at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, but after no Welsh players were selected for the team they decided to leave the Great Britain team to allow their players greater international exposure. Wales has a strong connection with the sport of boxing, particularly in the South Wales Valleys, with fighters such as Tommy Farr, Freddie Welsh, Jimmy Wilde, Dai Dower and Johnny Owen all competing at the highest level. Joe Calzaghe, born to a Welsh mother and Italian father and raised in Newbridge, retired in 2009 as an unbeaten world champion. Other former world champions include Enzo Maccarinelli, Gavin",
"psg_id": "9899235"
},
{
"title": "George Charles Champion",
"text": "helped to found the South London Entomological and Natural History Society . Champion's beetle collection, including over 150,000 specimens and a very large number of types, is housed at the Natural History Museum, London. His specimens can be found in other major collections, such as the Hope Department of Entomology, Oxford. Champion is commemorated in the scientific name of a species of Panamanian snake, \"Geophis championi\" . George Charles Champion George Charles Champion (29 April 1851, Walworth, South London – 8 August 1927) was an English entomologist specialising in the study of beetles. He was the eldest son of George",
"psg_id": "7509430"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Barcelona",
"text": "other sky resorts in Catalonia, example Vall de Núria, Vallter 2000, Rasos de Peguera and Port del Comte. See also: Plans for Winter Olympics held in Barcelona. But they lost the bid to Beijing to host the Winter Olympics. Top sport clubs in Barcelona: FC Barcelona is a sports club best known worldwide for its football team, one of the largest in the world and second richest football club in the world. It has 62 of national (likewise 41 runners-up) and 16 continental (likewise 10 runners-up) trophies, including five of the UEFA Champions League (likewise 3 runners-up and actually champion)",
"psg_id": "16154699"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Russia",
"text": "Olympics and doing well in the World Championships and World Cup competitions are local born speed skaters Semion Elistratov, Vladimir Grigorev, Dmitry Migunov, Sofia Prosvirnova, Tatiana Borodulina Viktoriya Troytskaya, and Ruslan Zakharov. Other winter sports the Soviets or Russia have been strong in are bobsleigh, skeleton and luge. Basketball is a popular sport in Russia. The Russian national basketball team is the heir of the Soviet Union national basketball team and has won several international titles. Russia is home to several internationally recognized players such as Andrei Kirilenko or 2016 NBA Champion Timofey Mozgov. PBC CSKA Moscow is the second",
"psg_id": "10813802"
},
{
"title": "George Longinidis",
"text": "Japanese opponent by unanimous decision 3-0. George created history on 24 July 2009 by winning the W.O.K.A World heavyweight kickboxing championship against Thai Asian champion Ramba Sithsianpo, and thereby with Stan becoming the only two brothers of Greek/Australian heritage to ever win World titles in any sport and the only two brothers to both be world 'Heavyweight' champion kickboxers. George Longinidis has officially retired from professional kickboxing and is now the co CEO of Stan The Man Fitness Academy which was opened on Saturday 13 December 2014 in Melbourne's eastern suburb of Blackburn in Victoria, Australia. For more info log",
"psg_id": "13926491"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Yugoslavia",
"text": "became one of the most popular team sports in the country. Yugoslavia national handball team became two times Olympic and one time World Champions. Yugoslav Handball Championship was played from 1953 and the most successful club was Partizan Bjelovar with 9 titles, followed by Borac Banja Luka and Metaloplastika Šabac with 7 titles each. Those clubs were also champions of European Champions Cup, Partizan one time, Metaloplastika two times and Borac one time. Water polo was the most successful Yugoslavian team sport at the Olympic games. National team was a total of three times Olympic champion (in 1968, 1984 and",
"psg_id": "17407005"
},
{
"title": "The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion",
"text": "The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion The Ultimate Fighter 26 (also known as The Ultimate Fighter: A New World Champion) is an installment of the Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC)-produced reality television series \"The Ultimate Fighter\". Tryouts were announced on May 3, scheduled for 20 days later. This season will exclusively feature the women's flyweight division, with the goal of crowning the UFC's inaugural 125-pound champion in the season's finale. All women who were currently on the UFC roster were allowed to submit their names for the tournament, as were females unsigned by the UFC. The news came just months",
"psg_id": "20139414"
},
{
"title": "George Champion (cricketer)",
"text": "innings. Champion died in Linton, Kent in 1933 aged 66. George Champion (cricketer) George Ernest Champion (15 July 1867 – 30 September 1933) was an English amateur cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played one first-class cricket match for Kent County Cricket Club in 1892. He was born in Stockbury in Kent. Champion played in a non-first-class Gentlemen of Kent v Players of Kent match in May 1892, scoring six runs and 29 runs when opening the batting in the first and second innings respectively. His only first-class appearance came the following month against Somerset at Private Banks Sports",
"psg_id": "11968533"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Argentina",
"text": "tennis, polo and rugby union. From Rallying to Formula One, auto racing is a sport followed by a number of fans in Argentina. Formula One legend Juan Manuel Fangio was five times Formula One world champion under four different teams, winning 102 of his 184 international races, and is widely ranked as the greatest driver of all time. Other distinguished racers were Oscar Alfredo Gálvez, Juan Gálvez, José Froilán González, and Carlos Reutemann. Years after Fangio's career was over, Carlos Reutemann was the best known Argentine driver of the 1970s. More recently José María López has emerged as one of",
"psg_id": "5940838"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Colombia",
"text": "time world Jr. Welterweight champion. He was then followed by boxers like Prudencio Cardona, Rodrigo Valdéz, Fidel Bassa, and many more. The success of these boxers created a fan base and many Colombians started to follow the sport. The National Boxing Commission of Colombia (\"Comisión Nacional de Boxeo de Colombia\") was created and regulated the practice of boxing in Colombia. In the 1980s, the success of Miguel \"Happy\" Lora reigned in the bantam weight division (118 pounds) -WBC- from 1985 to 1988 and the silver medal in the Pan American Games of Carlos José Tamara. Another boxers have figured internationally",
"psg_id": "10903648"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Chile",
"text": "and Marcelo Salas. The majority of activity in the sport of baseball takes place in the northern part of Chile, where it was introduced from abroad in the early 20th century. It was first played by Americans in northern Chile, and later played by the Japanese Sakurada in Iquique, the city that would become the national champion in various events. Tocopilla is another major city that has won the national title over 18 consecutive times. Chile has participated in eight South American championships and was among the Top Ten in the 1989 Junior World Championship in Japan. Baseball is played",
"psg_id": "14442331"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Worthing",
"text": "Lewry (cricket), Martin Lee (tennis), David Evans and David Leadbetter (golf), Angela Barnwell (freestyle swimming), David Bryant (bowls), Lisa John (ten-pin bowling), Byron Dafoe (ice hockey), Lewis Crathern (kitesurfing), Alan Warren (sailing). Facilities include the Manor Sports Ground for cricket and hockey, Woodside Road for football, Beach House Park for bowls and Worthing Golf Club and Hill Barn Golf Club for golf. Sport in Worthing A wide variety of sport in Worthing has been played, which has a long and interesting history. Worthing's location between the sea and the downs makes the area a popular location for outdoor recreation. The",
"psg_id": "15550539"
},
{
"title": "Sport in New Zealand",
"text": "A1 Grand Prix season. Rallying is a popular sport at all levels in New Zealand, and has previously hosted rounds of the World Rally Championship (the last time being in 2012) and hosts the Asia-Pacific Rally Championship each year. A highly competitive national championship is run each year, and some drivers also take part in the Australian Rally Championship, most notably the late Possum Bourne, who was a seven-times Australian Rally Champion. Hayden Paddon is New Zealand's top rally driver competing in the World Rally Championship for Hyundai. Ivan Mauger, born in Christchurch on 4 October 1939, won a record",
"psg_id": "4957162"
},
{
"title": "Soo Yeon Lee",
"text": "chain of table tennis restaurants and bars. Lee was born in Busan, South Korea, where she began playing table tennis at the age of nine and was competing six months after that. She won her first National Junior Championship at the age of 12. Soon after Lee left home to receive extensive training under the world champion Lee Ailesa, at the Korean National Training Center. She later trained under the supervision of Olympic Gold Medalist Hyun Jung-hwa. Lee won 5 more Korean National Junior championships, followed by three wins in Korean national tournaments. Lee enrolled in Korea National Sport University",
"psg_id": "19491461"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Jamaica",
"text": "national cricket team has won ten Regional Four Day Competitions and seven WICB Cups. Jamaicans also play for the West Indies cricket team, which won the 1975 and 1979 Cricket World Cup. Jamaica has produced some of the worlds most famous cricketers, including George Headley, Courtney Walsh, Chris Gayle and Michael Holding. Association football is a very popular sport in Jamaica, and is played at the professional and amateur levels, as well as informally on the street. The Jamaica national football team has won the Caribbean Cup five times, in 1991, 1998, 2005, 2008 and 2010. In addition, Jamaica advanced",
"psg_id": "13658072"
},
{
"title": "Sport in New Zealand",
"text": "New Zealand being a small country, it is very successful at motorsport. There are many levels of competitive motors sport series in New Zealand, which are most simply broken down into watersports (hydro-planing, jetski racing and thundercat racing), automobile racing (Club and national level circuit racing and rallying, with some international events, as well as speedway) and finally motorcycle racing (street, circuit and dirt/motocross). To date, New Zealand has seen one Formula One World Champion, Denny Hulme, in 1967. Five other New Zealanders have raced at Grand Prix level: Bruce McLaren (four wins), Chris Amon, Howden Ganley, Mike Thackwell and",
"psg_id": "4957159"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Australia",
"text": "identity as a sport-obsessed country, an identity which was embraced inside the country. This was so well known that in a 1962 edition of \"Sports Illustrated\", Australia was named the most sports obsessed country in the world. In 1967, Australia hosted the second World Netball Championships in Perth. That same year, South Australia became the last state to lift its ban on the playing of sports on Sunday. Starting in the early 1970s, Australian sport underwent a paradigm shift with sponsorship becoming one of the fundamental drivers of earnings for Australian sport on amateur and professional levels. By the mid-1980s,",
"psg_id": "6131930"
},
{
"title": "Sport in South America",
"text": "since 1973 and the Argentine Grand Prix has hosted Formula One on 21 occasions. The Dakar Rally is also hosted by South America since 2009 (mostly in Chile and Argentina). Very popular in Argentina (2 times World Champion). Argentina has won the world cup in 5 times. Baseball is the most popular sport in Venezuela. A wide list of players from Venezuela are in the major leagues in the United States. Venezuela is the only country in this region to participate in the World Baseball Classic and the Caribbean Series. In other countries, like Colombia, baseball is very important in",
"psg_id": "12238933"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Azerbaijan",
"text": "chess superpowers and despite the collapse of the Soviet Union, chess is still extremely popular. Although he left Azerbaijan at an early age, long term world champion Garry Kasparov was born in Baku. Notable chess players of Azerbaijan includes Teimour Radjabov, Shahriyar Mammadyarov, Vugar Gashimov and Zeinab Mamedyarova. Azerbaijan has also hosted many international chess tournaments and competitions and became European Team Chess Championship winners in 2009. In 2009, Azerbaijani president Ilham Aliyev issued an order to improve development of chess in the Azerbaijan from 2009 to 2014 period. Football is the most popular sport in Azerbaijan, and the Association",
"psg_id": "13669523"
},
{
"title": "Sport in the Netherlands",
"text": "organised event is a popular activity in the Netherlands. The main national walking organisation is the Royal Dutch Walking Association (Koninklijke Wandel Bond Nederland, or KWBN), which is affiliated to the Dutch Olympic Committee/Dutch Sports Federation. KWBN affiliated groups organise over 1,500 events a year, attracting an estimated 500,000 participants. This includes the annual Nijmegen Four Day Marches, which has nearly 50,000 participants from around the world. Although these events are non-competitive, the KWBN promote walking as a sport, in order to \"contribute to a healthier, fitter and more vital Netherlands”. Sport in the Netherlands Approximately 4.5 million of the",
"psg_id": "688495"
},
{
"title": "George Champion (cricketer)",
"text": "George Champion (cricketer) George Ernest Champion (15 July 1867 – 30 September 1933) was an English amateur cricketer. He was a right-handed batsman who played one first-class cricket match for Kent County Cricket Club in 1892. He was born in Stockbury in Kent. Champion played in a non-first-class Gentlemen of Kent v Players of Kent match in May 1892, scoring six runs and 29 runs when opening the batting in the first and second innings respectively. His only first-class appearance came the following month against Somerset at Private Banks Sports Ground in Catford, failing to score a run in either",
"psg_id": "11968532"
},
{
"title": "Lee In-hwi",
"text": "can easily be replaced instead of being respected for their skills,” thirty years after the labor movement of the 1980s. Lee’s novel \"Geonneoganda\" (건너간다 Crossing) (2017) is about the life and work of Jeong Tae-chun who “sang the hopes of the people at every turn of history, from the authoritarian Park Chung Hee government in the 70s and Gwangju Uprising in the 80s through the June Struggle of 1987 to today’s candlelight rallies.” Lee In-hwi Lee In-hwi (; born 1958) is a South Korean writer. He made his literary debut in 1988 when his novella \"Uri eoksen jumeok\" (우리 억센",
"psg_id": "20469576"
},
{
"title": "Sport in the Cook Islands",
"text": "similar to the sport of Samoan cricket or kirikiti). Most villages have teams and they compete in a league, following the end of the soccer season. It is popular among the older generation. Women's netball is a very popular sport in the Cook Islands, and the country has one of the world's top 10 teams, which competed in the 2007 Netball World Cup. Sport in the Cook Islands Rugby league is the most popular sport in the Cook Islands, with soccer and rugby union as the next most popular/played sports. In September 2009, the country hosted the 2009 Pacific Mini",
"psg_id": "11325048"
},
{
"title": "Weekend of a Champion",
"text": "reviews from critics. The film has a 71% \"fresh\" rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 14 reviews. Metacritic rates \"Weekend of a Champion\" a score of 63/100 based on 9 reviews (\"generally favorable\"). Calum Marsh of \"The Village Voice\" stated that \"the result is a pleasure, perhaps as much for audiences as for Polanski; it's a chance to luxuriate in the atmosphere of world-class Formula One, here a lavish free-love party interrupted now and again by a few laps on the track. In a way, \"Weekend of a Champion\" is less about the sport than the",
"psg_id": "17917885"
},
{
"title": "George Alexander Lee",
"text": "shock from which he never rallied. He died at his lodgings in Newton Terrace, Kennington on 8 October 1851 and was buried at West Norwood Cemetery. Lee composed music for a number of plays and also many songs, including the popular \"Come where the Aspens quiver\", and for a short time had a music-selling business in the Quadrant. George Alexander Lee George Alexander Lee (1802 – 8 October 1851) was an English musician. Lee was born in London, the son of Henry Lee, a pugilist and innkeeper. He became \"tiger\" to Lord Barrymore, and his singing led to his being",
"psg_id": "5967150"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Manchester",
"text": "Tyson Fury; and IBF and WBA super lightweight, and WBA welterweight champion Ricky Hatton. Manchester has also hosted several events for World Wrestling Entertainment, as professional wrestling is not only popular in Manchester, but in the United Kingdom as a whole. Manchester is also the home of The British Bulldogs Davey Boy Smith and The Dynamite Kid. Below is a list of international sporting events that have been held in Manchester at various venues Sport in Manchester Manchester City and Manchester United are popular Premier League football clubs in Manchester, United's ground is in Old Trafford, and fixtures between the",
"psg_id": "10677256"
},
{
"title": "Sport in Uruguay",
"text": "Sport in Uruguay Sport in Uruguay has been an important part of Uruguayan culture, since the early start of the nation. Winners of such important awards such as the FIFA World Cup, the French Open, and Olympic medals, Uruguay has been a constantly successful sports nation in continental and world aspects. Football (Spanish: \"fútbol\") is the most popular sport in Uruguay. Uruguay has won an Olympic gold medal in 1924, and another one in 1928, which were considered the most important tournaments in football, before the FIFA World Cup began in 1930, hence the four stars on the Uruguayan jersey.",
"psg_id": "5151323"
}
] | [
"aero-tow",
"hill soaring",
"glider towplane",
"glider pilot",
"gliding",
"glided",
"auto-tow",
"glidedly",
"winch-launching",
"glider towing",
"ground launch",
"glidingly",
"car-tow",
"glider tug",
"thermalling",
"towplane",
"winch-launch",
"aerotowing",
"thermal soaring",
"bungee launch",
"aerotow",
"sailplane tug"
] |
what would an englishman mean by a minim? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman",
"text": "is usually based around the Irishman being stupid, the Scotsman being mean or miserly, and the Englishman being posh (or a snob but ultimately not the butt of the joke), whereas in Scotland and Ireland, the Englishman will typically be the butt of the joke. Sometimes, when the joke requires four people, a Welshman is brought in. The joke typically starts with the home or favoured nationality and ends with the nationality and associated stereotype against which the joke is made. For example, in England, the joke begins \"An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman...\" whereas in Ireland it begins",
"psg_id": "7084384"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman Abroad",
"text": "Coral Browne. It was subsequently re-broadcast on BBC Radio 7 and BBC Radio 4 Extra, most recently in 2013 as part of BBC Radio 4 Extra's \"Cambridge Spies\" season. Both Browne and Bates were winners of the BAFTA awards for acting for their roles in the production. On the BFI TV 100, a list compiled in 2000 by the British Film Institute (BFI), chosen by a poll of industry professionals, to determine what were the greatest British television programmes of any genre ever to have been screened, \"An Englishman Abroad\" was listed at number 30. An Englishman Abroad An Englishman",
"psg_id": "4184112"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman in Auschwitz",
"text": "An Englishman in Auschwitz An Englishman in Auschwitz is a 2001 book written by Leon Greenman, a Holocaust survivor. The book details his experiences in the Auschwitz concentration camp. The book is a result of the commitment of English-born Greenman to God \"\"\"that if he lived, he would let the world know what happened during the war\". In short, the book describes the reminiscences of his days of imprisonment in six concentration camps of the Nazis. Greenman describes the arrival of his family (consisting of himself, his wife, Esther, a Dutchwoman, and their three-year-old son, Barney) at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration",
"psg_id": "11676853"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman",
"text": "An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman \"An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman\" is the opening line of a category of joke popular in Ireland and the United Kingdom. The nationalities involved may vary, though they are usually restricted to those within Ireland and the UK, and the number of people involved is usually three or sometimes four. In Ireland, the characters are sometimes called \"Paddy Irishman, Paddy Englishman, and Paddy Scotsman\". Depending on who is telling the joke, one nationality fares well and the other nationalities fare poorly according to national stereotypes. For example, in England the punchline",
"psg_id": "7084383"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman in Auschwitz",
"text": "camp in these words: The women were separated from the men: Else and Barny were marched about 20 yards away to a queue of women...I tried to watch Else. I could see her clearly against the blue lights. She could see me too for she threw me a kiss and held up our child for me to see. What was going through her mind I will never know. Perhaps she was pleased that the journey had come to an end. An Englishman in Auschwitz An Englishman in Auschwitz is a 2001 book written by Leon Greenman, a Holocaust survivor. The",
"psg_id": "11676854"
},
{
"title": "William – an Englishman",
"text": "William – an Englishman William – an Englishman is a 1919 novel by Cicely Hamilton. The novel explores the effect of the First World War on a married couple during the rise of Socialism and the Suffragette movement. It was originally published by Skeffington & Son before being reprinted by Persephone Books in 1999. Described as 'a passionate assertion of the futility of war' by The Spectator, \"William - an Englishman\" won the first Prix Femina-Vie Heureuse Anglais prize in 1920. Curiously, though it has been perceived as anti-war, Hamilton’s novel is actually an ardent and patriotic defense of the",
"psg_id": "15723938"
},
{
"title": "William – an Englishman",
"text": "folly of that other blindness which had denied that war could be.” William – an Englishman William – an Englishman is a 1919 novel by Cicely Hamilton. The novel explores the effect of the First World War on a married couple during the rise of Socialism and the Suffragette movement. It was originally published by Skeffington & Son before being reprinted by Persephone Books in 1999. Described as 'a passionate assertion of the futility of war' by The Spectator, \"William - an Englishman\" won the first Prix Femina-Vie Heureuse Anglais prize in 1920. Curiously, though it has been perceived as",
"psg_id": "15723941"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman",
"text": "cocky, stupid, or naïve, while the home national is smart, practical, or in any case ultimately victorious. The joke need not necessarily involve nationalities. Jokes about the hard sciences may begin \"A mathematician, a physicist and an engineer...\" An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman \"An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman\" is the opening line of a category of joke popular in Ireland and the United Kingdom. The nationalities involved may vary, though they are usually restricted to those within Ireland and the UK, and the number of people involved is usually three or sometimes four. In Ireland, the",
"psg_id": "7084386"
},
{
"title": "Wait a Minim!",
"text": "The U.S. cast included Sarah Atkinson, Kendrew Lascelles, Michel Martel, April Olrich, Nigel Pegram, Andrew Tracey, Paul Tracey, and Dana Valery. It was directed by Leon Gluckman and choreographed by Frank Staff and Kendrew Lascelles. Scenic design was by Gluckman and Frank Rembach, costume design by Heather Macdonald-Rouse, and lighting design by Rembach and Gluckman. Guitar, drums and other instruments were played by Andrew Tracey, Paul Tracey and Nigel Pegram, and trumpet by Kendrew Lascelles. Other members of the cast played percussion instruments. London recording Broadway recording South Africa recording Wait a Minim! Wait a Minim! (1962-68) was a musical",
"psg_id": "10439908"
},
{
"title": "Wait a Minim!",
"text": "Wait a Minim! Wait a Minim! (1962-68) was a musical revue conceived by Leon Gluckman, with original songs by Jeremy Taylor, and a collection of international folk music arranged by Andrew Tracey. Many authentic instruments were played to accompany dances and pantomimes satirizing the national characteristics and political and social eccentricities of many different countries. The only spoken words were when the cast was introduced, and in the South African scene where apartheid was ridiculed. The revue originated in South Africa and toured Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), and London before opening on Broadway in New York City. The show opened",
"psg_id": "10439906"
},
{
"title": "Minim, Martap",
"text": "Minim, Martap Minim (or Minim II, or Menim) is a village in the commune of , in the department of Vina, in the Adamawa Region, Cameroon. The village contains Cameroon's main source of bauxite. In 1967, Minim contained 90 inhabitants, mostly from the Kaka ethnic group. In the 2005 census, the settlement contained 432 people. Along with Ngaoundal, Minim is part of a large project to mine the bauxite of the Adamawa Plateau. Covering an area of 1000 km, the deposit represents an important component of the Adamawa plateau and the gentle slopes which surround it make it easy to",
"psg_id": "19779044"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman Abroad",
"text": "An Englishman Abroad An Englishman Abroad is a 1983 BBC television drama film, based on the true story of a chance meeting of actress Coral Browne, with Guy Burgess (Alan Bates), a member of the Cambridge spy ring who spied for the Soviet Union while an officer at MI6. The production was written by Alan Bennett and directed by John Schlesinger; Browne stars as herself. The film is set in Moscow in 1958, after Burgess had defected to the Soviet Union in 1951 with Donald Maclean when it became apparent that Maclean was about to be investigated by British intelligence.",
"psg_id": "4184108"
},
{
"title": "Minim (palaeography)",
"text": "Minim (palaeography) In palaeography, a minim is a short, vertical stroke used in handwriting. The word is derived from the Latin \"minimum\", meaning \"least\" or \"smallest\". A minim is the basic stroke for the letters i, m, n, and u in uncial script and later scripts deriving from it. Parts of other letters are based on minims as well: when a minim is extended above the line, it becomes an \"ascender\", as in the letters d and b, and when it is extended below the line, it becomes a \"descender\", as in the letters p and q. It is a",
"psg_id": "5874126"
},
{
"title": "Minim (unit)",
"text": "Minim (unit) The minim (abbreviated min, , , or ) is a unit of volume in both the imperial and US customary systems of measurement. Specifically it is of a fluidram or of a fluid ounce. In the Pharmacopoeia, it is also noted that the minim was originally created by Mr Timothy Lane, F.R.S., as parts per wine gallon. The minim was introduced in the 1809 edition of \"The Pharmacopœia of the Royal College of Physicians of London\" as a replacement for the drop, which had previously been the smallest unit of the apothecaries' system. It was observed that the",
"psg_id": "1966268"
},
{
"title": "Minim, Martap",
"text": "access. Studies of feasibility and environmental impact were carried out and a mining development plan was completed in May 2016. Financing for the construction of a facility for refining the bauxite into aluminium and for transport infrastructure is still outstanding. Minim, Martap Minim (or Minim II, or Menim) is a village in the commune of , in the department of Vina, in the Adamawa Region, Cameroon. The village contains Cameroon's main source of bauxite. In 1967, Minim contained 90 inhabitants, mostly from the Kaka ethnic group. In the 2005 census, the settlement contained 432 people. Along with Ngaoundal, Minim is",
"psg_id": "19779045"
},
{
"title": "Minim (unit)",
"text": "size of a drop can vary considerably depending upon the viscosity and specific gravity of the liquid. (At the time, the phenomenon of surface tension was not well understood.) The minim, on the other hand, was measured with a graduated glass tube known as a \"minimometer\", later known as the minim-tube. The minim-tube was a type of graduated pipette, a device invented in 1791 by François-Antoine-Henri Descroizilles. Apothecaries' measures are fully defined in the United Kingdom's Weights and Measures Act of 1878, but the UK's 1963 Weights and Measures Act provided for the abolition of the minim, fluid scruple, and",
"psg_id": "1966269"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman Looks at the World",
"text": "Great State\" that prefigured many of the themes of \"The Outline of History\", and a philosophical essay entitled \"The So-Called Science of Sociology,\" arguing that sociology would never be a science because \"counting, classification, measurement, the whole fabric of mathematics, is subjective and deceitful, and . . . the uniqueness of individuals is the objective truth.\" An Englishman Looks at the World An Englishman Looks at the World is a 1914 essay collection by H. G. Wells containing journalistic pieces written between 1909 and 1914. The book consists of twenty-six pieces ranging from five to sixty-two pages in length. An",
"psg_id": "16856679"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman, an Irishman and a Scotsman",
"text": "\"Paddy Irishman, Paddy Englishman, and Paddy Scotsman\". The joke typically places the three characters in a scenario. How each person in the joke reacts to the scenario is then explained in order by person, the final reaction being the punch line, playing up to the stereotype of that nationality. The joke uses the rule of three, the first two characters being used to set up an expectation which is then subverted in some way by the third. The \"three nationalities\" joke format is also very common in other countries. In these cases, the two foreigners are almost always portrayed as",
"psg_id": "7084385"
},
{
"title": "What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye",
"text": "on my feet. I'd say, 'Jackie, go on.' Jackie would look up at me and his purr would get a little louder, but he would not leave.\" The title of the album was taken from a song of the same name, \"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\", which was later cut during the sequencing process and remains unreleased. Design and layout for \"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\" was created by Grammy-award winning designer, Peter Buchanan-Smith, and features original artwork, liner notes, and a short story by Tom Brosseau. What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye What I",
"psg_id": "9287271"
},
{
"title": "What You Mean We?",
"text": "Anderson (and her Clone) returned to host the 1987 season of \"Alive from Off Center\". Although this film has yet to be rereleased in its entirety to home video, segments such as \"The Dream Before\" and \"Smoke Rings\" were included on the compilation \"\". Anderson would later return to the experiment of creating an alter ego with her CD-ROM release \"Puppet Motel\", which replaced the clone with a ventriloquist dummy. Anderson and Spalding Gray collaborated again in 1987 when she provided the soundtrack music to his performance film \"Swimming to Cambodia\". What You Mean We? What You Mean We? is",
"psg_id": "6416875"
},
{
"title": "MINIM (band)",
"text": "album achieved 1350 downloads in 3 months and the name of MINIM starts ringing throughout Europe, Russia, Japan and the United States. Collections in which they appear: Album reviews MINIM (band) MINIM is a Spanish industrial rock band founded in 2006 in Vigo, Galicia. The band was born in late 2006 in Vigo, when they recorded their first EP with four tracks 22:22 and 2 remixes. After playing in 2007 all over Spain, MINIM decided to take a little break. In mid-2008 the band reappeared with some lineup changes. Continue in lead vocals, Fran Pajares and on synths, vocals and",
"psg_id": "15363812"
},
{
"title": "Minim (unit)",
"text": "fluid drachm, all already obsolete. Actual delegalization occurred on 1 February 1971. The use of the minim, along with other such measures, has been reduced by the adoption of the metric system, and even in the least metricated countries, pharmacy is largely metricated and the apothecaries' system is deprecated. The unit may rarely persist in some countries in the measurement of dosages of medicine. Minim (unit) The minim (abbreviated min, , , or ) is a unit of volume in both the imperial and US customary systems of measurement. Specifically it is of a fluidram or of a fluid ounce.",
"psg_id": "1966270"
},
{
"title": "What would Jesus do?",
"text": "meant by it. It seems to me there's an awful lot of trouble in the world that somehow wouldn't exist if all the people who sing such songs went and lived them out. I suppose I don't understand. But what would Jesus do? Is that what you mean by following His steps? It seems to me sometimes as if the people in the big churches had good clothes and nice houses to live in, and money to spend for luxuries, and could go away on summer vacations and all that, while the people outside the churches, thousands of them, I",
"psg_id": "1793153"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "Do You Mean?\" was performed at the 2015 MTV Europe Music Awards on October 25. Moreover, the song was also included on the set list for the Purpose World Tour. What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house",
"psg_id": "18937858"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman in New York (film)",
"text": "An Englishman in New York (film) An Englishman in New York is a 2009 biographical film that chronicles the years gay English writer Quentin Crisp spent in New York City, starring John Hurt reprising his role as Crisp from \"The Naked Civil Servant\" (1975). The film takes its title from \"Englishman in New York\", a song about Crisp written by Sting for the 1987 album \"...Nothing Like the Sun\". The film follows Quentin Crisp’s move in the late 1970s from London to New York City, where he was embraced by celebrities and artists. Crisp becomes a local, and then more",
"psg_id": "12500599"
},
{
"title": "What would Jesus do?",
"text": "mean, die in tenements, and walk the streets for jobs, and never have a piano or a picture in the house, and grow up in misery and drunkenness and sin.\"</poem> This leads to many of the novel's characters asking, \"What would Jesus do?\" when faced with decisions of some importance. This has the effect of making the characters embrace Christianity more seriously and to focus on what they see as its core — the life of Christ. In 1993, Garrett W. Sheldon (great-grandson of the original author) and Deborah Morris published \"What Would Jesus Do? : a contemporary retelling of",
"psg_id": "1793154"
},
{
"title": "Minim (palaeography)",
"text": "large diamond-shaped \"finials\" at the top and bottom, such as in \"textualis quadrata\", the most decorated form of Gothic. \"Textualis sine pedibus\", literally \"textualis without feet\", has minims with no finials at all, while \"textualis rotunda\" has round finials. Minim (palaeography) In palaeography, a minim is a short, vertical stroke used in handwriting. The word is derived from the Latin \"minimum\", meaning \"least\" or \"smallest\". A minim is the basic stroke for the letters i, m, n, and u in uncial script and later scripts deriving from it. Parts of other letters are based on minims as well: when a",
"psg_id": "5874129"
},
{
"title": "MINIM (band)",
"text": "MINIM (band) MINIM is a Spanish industrial rock band founded in 2006 in Vigo, Galicia. The band was born in late 2006 in Vigo, when they recorded their first EP with four tracks 22:22 and 2 remixes. After playing in 2007 all over Spain, MINIM decided to take a little break. In mid-2008 the band reappeared with some lineup changes. Continue in lead vocals, Fran Pajares and on synths, vocals and guitars, Tino Álvarez. To they are joined on guitar, Aitor Míguez, on bass, Robert Escrich and drummer Nacho González. They continue giving concerts, offering them a great show of",
"psg_id": "15363810"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "What Do You Mean? \"What Do You Mean?\" is a song recorded by Canadian singer Justin Bieber for his fourth studio album \"Purpose\" (2015). The song was released on August 28, 2015, as the album's lead single by Def Jam. Written by Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy, the song was produced by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. \"What Do You Mean?\" is a pop and tropical house song, with its instrumentation consisting in light flourishes of panpipes, looped vocal samples, piano chords, fervent synths, bass and \"slick beat\" elements with the sound of a clock ticking, while",
"psg_id": "18937831"
},
{
"title": "Minim (religious order)",
"text": "received the Minim religious habit from a Friar Lionet on 11 June 1495, and established the Monastery of Jesus and Mary. This was first and remains the oldest monastery of the Minim nuns. Francisca was elected as the first Corrector (religious superior) of the community. She spent many years as the Corrector of the monastery, gaining a reputation for holiness, and is today honored as Blessed Francisca. Their proper Rule was approved by the Holy See in 1506, at the same time as that of the friars. The Federation of Minim Nuns of Saint Francis of Paola includes fourteen monasteries",
"psg_id": "2539753"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman in New York (film)",
"text": "is doubt, nor backward where there is regret, look inward and ask, not if there is anything outside that you want, but whether is anything inside that you have not yet unpacked\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 71%, based on 7 reviews, and an average rating of 6.6/10. In 2010, \"An Englishman in New York\" was nominated for a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding TV Movie or Mini-Series during the 21st GLAAD Media Awards. An Englishman in New York (film) An Englishman in New York is a 2009 biographical film that chronicles",
"psg_id": "12500601"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman Looks at the World",
"text": "An Englishman Looks at the World An Englishman Looks at the World is a 1914 essay collection by H. G. Wells containing journalistic pieces written between 1909 and 1914. The book consists of twenty-six pieces ranging from five to sixty-two pages in length. An American edition was published the same year by Harper and Brothers under the title Social Forces in England and America. Wells organized the essays thematically, inserting a fanciful \"synopsis\" after the table of contents conveying his view that the book constituted an argument: \"Blériot arrives and sets him thinking. (1) He flies, (2) and deduces certain",
"psg_id": "16856676"
},
{
"title": "What You Mean We?",
"text": "to get a show put together for a fast-approaching opening.\" \"What you mean, we?\" the Clone replies sullenly. The first musical number in the film is an early version—performed by the Clone—of a song titled \"The Dream Before\" (a.k.a. \"Hansel and Gretel are Alive and Well\"), which would later be recorded for Anderson's album \"Strange Angels\". After this sequence, the film shifts to an all-night diner where an incompetent chef is shown causing havoc in a kitchen while making breakfast and singing along to a fast dance mix of the song \"Smoke Rings\" from Anderson's then-recent concert film \"Home of",
"psg_id": "6416873"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "Bieber uses a smooth, soulful vocal. Lyrically, \"What Do You Mean?\" describes not being able to figure out the opposite sex. It was featured in several year-end lists of best songs of 2015. Commercially, the song topped the charts in several countries, including Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and Norway. In Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom, \"What Do You Mean?\" was Bieber's first number-one single. The song's music video features Bieber in bed with a young woman and getting kidnapped by masked men, as well as an appearance from actor John Leguizamo. After releasing \"Where Are Ü Now\"",
"psg_id": "18937832"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "to the lyric's placement in the song, and Beliebers spent Wednesday collectively piecing together the upcoming single's lyrics in order.\" On August 5, 2015, Bieber presented the song to radio professionals at an iHeartMedia event. The song was released on August 28, 2015, and was serviced to contemporary hit radio on September 1, 2015. On October 16, 2015, it was revealed that a remix of the song featuring Ariana Grande would be made available if fans pre-ordered the album on iTunes. \"What Do You Mean?\" was written by Justin Bieber, Jason \"Poo Bear\" Boyd and Mason Levy. It was produced",
"psg_id": "18937835"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "\"What do you mean / When you nod your head yes, but you wanna say no? / What do you mean / When you don't want me to move, but you tell me to go?.\" \"USA Today\" Carly Mallenbaum, who heard the song in early August, described it as a \"catchy dance track for the club\". Similarly, a writer for \"The Daily Beast\" said, \"['What Do You Mean?' is] pretty damn catchy; a slow-burner that, like that collab, swells into a Bieber banger\". Gil Kaufman of MTV News also called it a \"banger\", explaining, \"the track is classic JB: seductive,",
"psg_id": "18937838"
},
{
"title": "What Does Anything Mean? Basically",
"text": "of its icy church keyboards and delay-ridden guitars\". Chris Jenkins, in the book \"The Rough Guide to Rock\", however, called it \"as half-baked as its title\". What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia",
"psg_id": "8050855"
},
{
"title": "What Does Anything Mean? Basically",
"text": "What Does Anything Mean? Basically What Does Anything Mean? Basically is the second studio album by English post-punk band the Chameleons. It was recorded in January 1985 and released 1 October 1985 by record label Statik. One single was released from the album: \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was recorded in January 1985 at Highland Studios in Inverness, Scotland. The album's sole single, \"Singing Rule Britannia (While the Walls Close In)\", was released on 1 August 1985. This song used uncredited Lennon-McCartney lyrics, with the final passage of the song quoting key",
"psg_id": "8050853"
},
{
"title": "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?",
"text": "was first used on the song \"Rock 'N' Roll\" which later became \"You'll Be Under My Wheels\". The second time they used it is from a song called \"Lyrical Terrorist\" which later became \"Serial Thrilla\", but it was soon used on the album \"The Day Is My Enemy\". P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was",
"psg_id": "9926463"
},
{
"title": "P.S.K. What Does It Mean?",
"text": "P.S.K. What Does It Mean? \"P.S.K. What Does It Mean?\" (also written as \"P.S.K. (What Does It Mean?)\") is a song released in 1985 by Philadelphia rapper Schoolly D on his independent label Schoolly D Records. P.S.K. is the abbreviation for Park Side Killas, a street gang with which Schoolly D was affiliated. The highly influential song is considered the first hardcore rap song and features incidents of graphic sex, gunplay, drug references and one of the first uses of the word \"nigga\" in a rap song (earlier uses include \"Scoopy Rap\" and \"Family Rap\" in 1979, and \"New York",
"psg_id": "9926460"
},
{
"title": "Know What I Mean?",
"text": "Know What I Mean? Know What I Mean? is a 1962 album by jazz musician Julian \"Cannonball\" Adderley, accompanied by Bill Evans and the rhythm section of the Modern Jazz Quartet. It was released on Riverside label as RLP-433. Barely noticeable on the album cover is a small picture of Bill Evans, directly underneath the sculpture to Adderley's right. The Allmusic review by Rick Anderson awarded the album 4 stars and states \"It's hard to imagine any fan of mainstream jazz not finding much to love on this very fine recording\". \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" awarded the album 3",
"psg_id": "8508196"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman Abroad",
"text": "promote the film's first broadcast, explaining Bennett's dramatic changes. The play also contained scenes in Moscow's British Embassy and in London shops where Browne encountered resistance to helping Burgess, none of which happened in reality. Bennett gives the date of Browne's meeting with Burgess as 1958 in the introduction to his \"Single Spies\", which contains the text of \"An Englishman Abroad\" in the stage play version and the text of \"A Question of Attribution\" about Anthony Blunt. The play was also adapted for radio on the BBC World Service in 1994 starring Michael Gambon as Burgess and Penelope Wilton as",
"psg_id": "4184111"
},
{
"title": "What Does Anything Mean? Basically",
"text": "lyrics of the Beatles song \"She Said, She Said\". \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" was released 1 October 1985 on record label Statik. \"What Does Anything Mean? Basically\" has been generally well received by critics. In his retrospective review, Ned Raggett of AllMusic called it \"[a] rarity of sophomore albums, something that at once made the band all the more unique in its sound while avoiding a repetition of earlier work. [...] an astounding record.\" \"Trouser Press\" called it \"even better\" than \"Script of the Bridge\", \"with much stronger production underscoring both the band's direct power and the ghostly atmospherics",
"psg_id": "8050854"
},
{
"title": "Know What I Mean?",
"text": "stars out of 4 stating \"'The quartet date with Bill Evans was one of the last chances to hear him as sole horn, and he sounds fine\". \"Tracks 2-3, 7, 9-10 recorded on January 27, 1961; tracks 5 & 6 on February 21; tracks 1, 4 & 8 recorded on March 13, 1961, all at Bell Sound Studios, New York City.\" Know What I Mean? Know What I Mean? is a 1962 album by jazz musician Julian \"Cannonball\" Adderley, accompanied by Bill Evans and the rhythm section of the Modern Jazz Quartet. It was released on Riverside label as RLP-433.",
"psg_id": "8508197"
},
{
"title": "What You Mean We?",
"text": "What You Mean We? What You Mean We? is the title of a 1986 American made-for-television musical short film starring the performance artist Laurie Anderson, who also wrote and directed the piece. Originally produced as a segment of the PBS arts series \"Alive from Off Center\", the film runs a little less than a half-hour and is broken into several segments. The film begins with Anderson being interviewed on a faux talk show (the interviewer's voice is provided by Spalding Gray), talking about how her popularity and workload has become too much for one person to handle. So, after speaking",
"psg_id": "6416870"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "Morissette, Meghan Trainor, Britney Spears, Hilary Duff, Little Mix, Chris Martin, Carly Rae Jepsen, and many others. During an interview with Ryan Seacrest, he described it as \"fun\", \"summery\", and \"amazing.\" Regarding its lyrics he commented: \"Well, girls are often just flip-floppy. They say something and they mean something else. So … what do you mean? I don't really know, that's why I'm asking.\" Later, on August 19, 2015, Bieber direct-messaged different lyrics from the song to 49 randomly selected Twitter followers. As explained by \"Billboard\" Jason Lipshutz, \"Each message included a clock animation with a different time that corresponded",
"psg_id": "18937834"
},
{
"title": "Minim (religious order)",
"text": "Ecuador, Rome, and Nogales, Arizona. Minim (religious order) The Minims (also called the Minimi or Order of Minims, abbreviated O.M.) are members of a Roman Catholic religious order of friars founded by Saint Francis of Paola in fifteenth-century Italy. The Order soon spread to France, Germany and Spain, and continues to exist today. Like the other mendicant Orders, there are three separate components, or Orders, of the movement: the friars, contemplative nuns and a Third Order of laypeople who live in the spirit of the Order in their daily lives. At present there are only two fraternities of the Minim",
"psg_id": "2539755"
},
{
"title": "Minim (religious order)",
"text": "Minim (religious order) The Minims (also called the Minimi or Order of Minims, abbreviated O.M.) are members of a Roman Catholic religious order of friars founded by Saint Francis of Paola in fifteenth-century Italy. The Order soon spread to France, Germany and Spain, and continues to exist today. Like the other mendicant Orders, there are three separate components, or Orders, of the movement: the friars, contemplative nuns and a Third Order of laypeople who live in the spirit of the Order in their daily lives. At present there are only two fraternities of the Minim tertiaries; both are in Italy.",
"psg_id": "2539745"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "On the chart dated 6 February 2016, the song spent a 21st consecutive week inside the Hot 100's top ten, tying with Nicki Minaj's \"Starships\" and Maroon 5's \"Sugar\" for the most weeks a song has logged in the Hot 100's top 10 from its debut. The record was surpassed later by Bieber's \"Love Yourself\", which spent 23 consecutive weeks in the top ten since its debut. As of February 2016, \"What Do You Mean?\" has sold over 1,600,000 copies in the United States. In Bieber's native Canada, \"What Do You Mean?\" debuted at number one on the Canadian Hot",
"psg_id": "18937847"
},
{
"title": "If You Know What I Mean",
"text": "a \"tender recollection\" of a relationship in his teens, in which he successfully seduced a significantly older woman. If You Know What I Mean \"If You Know What I Mean\" is a song written and recorded by Neil Diamond. The song is a track from Diamond's 1976 album, \"Beautiful Noise\", and was Diamond's third number one on the Easy Listening chart, where it spent two weeks. \"If You Know What I Mean\" went to number one for two nonconsecutive weeks and peaked at number eleven on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In Canada, the song reached number 19 on the pop",
"psg_id": "14761129"
},
{
"title": "If You Know What I Mean",
"text": "If You Know What I Mean \"If You Know What I Mean\" is a song written and recorded by Neil Diamond. The song is a track from Diamond's 1976 album, \"Beautiful Noise\", and was Diamond's third number one on the Easy Listening chart, where it spent two weeks. \"If You Know What I Mean\" went to number one for two nonconsecutive weeks and peaked at number eleven on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. In Canada, the song reached number 19 on the pop singles chart and hit number one on the Adult Contemporary chart. Diamond has stated that the song is",
"psg_id": "14761128"
},
{
"title": "D'You Know What I Mean?",
"text": "D'You Know What I Mean? \"D'You Know What I Mean?\" is a song by the English rock band Oasis. Written by Noel Gallagher, it was released on 7 July 1997 as the first single from their third album \"Be Here Now \" (1997). The song reached number one on the UK Singles Chart, the third Oasis song to do so. The song also claimed the number-one position in Finland, Ireland, Italy, and Spain, as well as reaching the Top 5 in Norway, Sweden, and New Zealand. It sold 162,000 copies in its first day in the shops and 370,000 by",
"psg_id": "5058288"
},
{
"title": "What Would Jesus Buy?",
"text": "mixed reviews. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 56% based on 90 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"\"WWJB\" is an eye opening doc about consumerism that manages to be both funny and informative.\" The film has a score of 60 on Metacritic, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". What Would Jesus Buy? What Would Jesus Buy? is a 2007 documentary film produced by Morgan Spurlock and directed by Rob VanAlkemade. The title is a take-off on the phrase, \"what would Jesus do?\". The film debuted on the",
"psg_id": "8323818"
},
{
"title": "What would Jesus do?",
"text": "expression has become a snowclone, sometimes for humorous effect. For example, \"What Would Jesus Buy?\", \"What Would Lincoln Do?\", \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\", \"What Would Mary Marvel Do?\", \"What Would Johnny Cash Do?\", and \"What would Tintin do?\". The term \"What Would Jesus Do?\" or \"WWJD\" is also perceived as a fundamental management and leadership principle given Jesus' methodology of going to the marketplace to preach and lead by example. In modern management principles, more academic and professional references are going to the gemba or Management by Walking Around. What would Jesus do? The phrase \"What would Jesus do?\"",
"psg_id": "1793157"
},
{
"title": "What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye",
"text": "photo of the black cat wrapped around Brosseau's shoulders was taken on a whim by Sam Jones and not intended to be part of the album, but later it became the front cover. Since the cat was present throughout the entire recording of \"What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye\" including him on the front cover seemed a very fitting idea. In an experpt from the album's liner notes, Brosseau explains: \"The cat would come in the studio and keep me company. He would pussyfoot around the cables and cords, maybe sidle up against my leg and then fall down",
"psg_id": "9287270"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "by MdL and co-produced by Bieber. It was initially speculated by the media that Skrillex produced \"What Do You Mean?\". However, a spokesperson for Bieber confirmed in an interview for \"Rolling Stone\" that the song was produced by Bieber, and MdL who had previously collaborated with the singer on his single \"Boyfriend\" (2012). Written in the key of A major, it has an upbeat tempo of 125 beats per minute. Bieber's vocal range spans from the low-note of F3 to the high note of G5. It is a pop and tropical house song. During the song, Bieber uses a breathy",
"psg_id": "18937836"
},
{
"title": "What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!",
"text": "calling it \"a deeply musical, funky masterpiece of rage, righteous indignation, and soulful killer grooves\". However, Jurek criticized the reissue for not including musician credits. What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?! What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?! is the fourth studio album by Melvin Van Peebles. Released in 1974, this album marks the first traditional music effort by Van Peebles. Previously, Van Peebles released the experimental spoken word albums \"Brer Soul\", \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" and \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\". \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" largely derives from funk and soul music, much as Van",
"psg_id": "7976684"
},
{
"title": "What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!",
"text": "What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?! What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?! is the fourth studio album by Melvin Van Peebles. Released in 1974, this album marks the first traditional music effort by Van Peebles. Previously, Van Peebles released the experimental spoken word albums \"Brer Soul\", \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" and \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\". \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" largely derives from funk and soul music, much as Van Peebles had featured on the soundtrack to his 1971 film \"Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song\". Prior to the recording of this album, Van Peebles had released",
"psg_id": "7976676"
},
{
"title": "What Would Jesus Buy?",
"text": "What Would Jesus Buy? What Would Jesus Buy? is a 2007 documentary film produced by Morgan Spurlock and directed by Rob VanAlkemade. The title is a take-off on the phrase, \"what would Jesus do?\". The film debuted on the festival circuit on March 11, 2007, at the South By Southwest (SXSW) conference in Austin, Texas. It went into general U.S. release on November 16, 2007. The film follows the exploits of the semi-fictional group Reverend Billy and the Church of Stop Shopping. Although founded as a performance collective rather than an actual religious organization, members of the group express spiritual",
"psg_id": "8323815"
},
{
"title": "Englishman River",
"text": "Englishman River Englishman River is a river in the eastern side of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It starts on the eastern slopes of the Beaufort Range, originating from tiny Jewel Lake and flowing in an easterly direction for , entering the Strait of Georgia at Parksville, British Columbia. It is an important watershed providing habitat for various species of salmon and community water to the residents of Parksville and surrounding area. The Englishman River watershed includes Arrowsmith Lake, Hidden Lake, Fishtail Lake, Rowbotham Lake, Healy Lake, Shelton Lake, and Rhododendron Lake. Englishman River Falls Provincial Park is a popular",
"psg_id": "4613730"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "You Mean\" debuted atop the ARIA Singles Chart on September 5, becoming Bieber's first number-one single on the chart. The song spent four consecutive weeks on top of the chart, becoming the second-longest running chart-topping track for 2015 and gaining a platinum certification from the Australian Recording Industry Association. On October 3, Bieber was knocked off the top by Macklemore & Ryan Lewis's \"Downtown\". \"What Do You Mean\" also debuted at the top of the charts in both New Zealand and Ireland, becoming his first number-one single in both countries. It spent seven consecutive weeks at number one in Ireland,",
"psg_id": "18937852"
},
{
"title": "Englishman in New York",
"text": "deported.\" The photograph used for the album cover was shot by photographer Lou Salvatori. The video was shot in black-and-white and was directed by David Fincher, and featured scenes of Sting and his band in New York, as well as the elusive Quentin Crisp. At the end of the video, after the song fades, an elderly male voice says: \"If I have an ambition other than a desire to be a chronic invalid, it would be to meet everybody in the world before I die... and I'm not doing badly.\" Englishman in New York \"Englishman in New York\" is a",
"psg_id": "6063842"
},
{
"title": "Dude, What Would Happen",
"text": "Dude, What Would Happen Dude, What Would Happen is an American live-action reality series that aired on Cartoon Network originally as part of its CN Real block which aired a line of live-action reality shows promoted in the summer season of 2009. The show premiered on August 19, 2009, preceded by another CN Real series \"Bobb'e Says\". The show is hosted by three male teenagers (C.J. Manigo, Jackson Rogow, and Ali Sepasyar) who wondered what would happen if some wild event, scheme or experiment were to occur. The three teens attempt to create the event themselves and consult experts (\"The",
"psg_id": "13723622"
},
{
"title": "Mean What You Say (Philly Joe Jones album)",
"text": "give it an extra edge\". Mean What You Say (Philly Joe Jones album) Mean What You Say is an album by drummer Philly Joe Jones that was recorded in 1977 and released on the Sonet label. The AllMusic review by Bob Rusch stated: \"This was a nice blowing date for Bowen, who at the time had an R&B background and had never before recorded a jazz album...Mickey Tucker was very strong on this set and at times almost seemed to be the leader with Jones seemingly pushing to assert his position. Still, this was an enjoyable recording with just that",
"psg_id": "20403079"
},
{
"title": "Mean What You Say (Philly Joe Jones album)",
"text": "Mean What You Say (Philly Joe Jones album) Mean What You Say is an album by drummer Philly Joe Jones that was recorded in 1977 and released on the Sonet label. The AllMusic review by Bob Rusch stated: \"This was a nice blowing date for Bowen, who at the time had an R&B background and had never before recorded a jazz album...Mickey Tucker was very strong on this set and at times almost seemed to be the leader with Jones seemingly pushing to assert his position. Still, this was an enjoyable recording with just that little extra added personality to",
"psg_id": "20403078"
},
{
"title": "Do You Know What I Mean",
"text": "at number 29 on the Australian Kent Music Report and in New Zealand. Do You Know What I Mean \"Do You Know What I Mean\" is a song written and performed by Lee Michaels. It reached #6 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #4 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100 in the summer of 1971. The song was featured on his 1971 album, \"5th\". The song was produced by Michaels. The single ranked #19 on \"Billboard's\" Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971. Australian musician Renée Geyer recorded a version in 1981. The song was released in October 1981 as",
"psg_id": "14802808"
},
{
"title": "Do You Know What I Mean",
"text": "Do You Know What I Mean \"Do You Know What I Mean\" is a song written and performed by Lee Michaels. It reached #6 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and #4 on the \"Cash Box\" Top 100 in the summer of 1971. The song was featured on his 1971 album, \"5th\". The song was produced by Michaels. The single ranked #19 on \"Billboard's\" Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1971. Australian musician Renée Geyer recorded a version in 1981. The song was released in October 1981 as the second single from her seventh studio album, \"So Lucky\". The song peaked",
"psg_id": "14802807"
},
{
"title": "The Greatest Living Englishman",
"text": "The Greatest Living Englishman The Greatest Living Englishman is the debut solo album by English musician Martin Newell, released in November 1993. It was produced, engineered, and mastered by XTC's Andy Partridge, and recorded in his shed on a budget less than £12,000. The album was well-received by critics and ultimately became the most acclaimed of Newell's career. Partridge was contacted to produce the album after his band XTC had gone on strike against their label Virgin Records. Newell submitted 20 of what he considered his best songs to Partridge, but most were rejected. Partridge thought \"Martin was a bit",
"psg_id": "20594606"
},
{
"title": "The True-Born Englishman",
"text": "Ancient Britons to Anglo-Saxons, Normans and beyond. It was therefore nonsensical to abuse newer arrivals since the English law and customs would assure their inevitable assimilation: This extract, the poem's first stanza, was used by historian and political scientist Benedict Anderson as an epigram for his 1983 book \"Imagined Communities\" discussing the origins of nationalism. The True-Born Englishman The True-Born Englishman is a satirical poem published in 1701 by Daniel Defoe defending the then King of England William, who was Dutch-born, against xenophobic attacks by his political enemies, and ridiculing the notion of English racial purity. It quickly became popular.",
"psg_id": "14337852"
},
{
"title": "What would Jesus do?",
"text": "answer to \"WWJD.\" FROG was an acronym for \"Fully Rely On God.\" In 2005, Garry Wills wrote \"What Jesus Meant\", in which he examined \"What Would Jesus Really Do\" (also a book review in \"Esquire Magazine\"). In April 2010 a film, \"WWJD\", starring Adam Gregory and based on \"In His Steps\" by Charles Sheldon, was released on DVD. On 31 March 2015 a sequel film was released \"WWJD What Would Jesus Do? The Journey Continues\". The second film using the moniker \"WWJD II\" was \"The Woodcarver\" which was released in 2012. It has a similar theme but different characters. The",
"psg_id": "1793156"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards on August 30, 2015. He performed the track on \"The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon\", accompanied by The Roots and featuring a guest verse from Black Thought. Bieber also performed \"What Do You Mean?\" on \"The Today Show\" along with 5 other songs from his album \"Purpose\": \"Sorry\", \"Love Yourself\", \"The Feeling\", \"No Pressure\" and \"Company\" (which was performed for the first time). The song was performed on the telecast \"Think It Up!\" which was broadcast on September 11. On September 29, Bieber performed the song on season 7 of X Factor Australia. \"What",
"psg_id": "18937857"
},
{
"title": "What would Reagan do?",
"text": "What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United States President Ronald Reagan as a model conservative leader whose philosophy and policies provide guidance and a good example for modern politicians. The phrase derives by analogy from the earlier phrase What would Jesus do? and its related initialism WWJD, coined in the 1890s and repopularized during the 1990s. While the phrase \"What would Reagan do?\" has existed since at least the early 2000s, it",
"psg_id": "8557191"
},
{
"title": "Minim (religious order)",
"text": "in Spain, Italy, Mexico, and the Philippines. A new community was established in Barcelona on Easter 1623. In 1936, the 25 members of the community in Barcelona were arrested by soldiers of the Republic of Spain. Charged with treason, nine choir nuns and an extern Sister were executed on July 23. They were beatified by Pope Francis on October 13, 2013, and are commemorated on July 23. The Minim Daughters of Mary Immaculate is a separate institute founded in 1867 in Guanajuanto, Mexico by Venerable Pablo de Anda Padilla. The Sisters work in schools and medical centers in Mexico, Cuba,",
"psg_id": "2539754"
},
{
"title": "What Would Diplo Do?",
"text": "What Would Diplo Do? What Would Diplo Do? is an American comedy television series created by Brandon Dermer and James Van Der Beek. The series stars James Van Der Beek, Dillon Francis, Dora Madison Burge, Jamar Malachi Neighbors, Bobby Lee and H. Michael Croner. The series premiered on Viceland on August 3, 2017. Wesley \"Diplo\" Pentz is a dim-witted but good-natured DJ, producer, and record label head. The series follows Diplo as he performs, records, and lives life, often making mistakes by accident (such as spending the day with the wrong sick child) or on purpose (such as starting a",
"psg_id": "20281325"
},
{
"title": "What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!",
"text": "a trio of experimental albums, \"Brer Soul\", \"Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death\" and \"As Serious as a Heart-Attack\", which were considered to be spoken word at the time, due to their use of sprechgesang. Modern critics have since dubbed these albums as precursors to hip hop music. Van Peebles wanted to record an album that showed that he could perform in a more traditional form, as opposed to the style he had used on his previous albums, titling it \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" because of this. \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" places more emphasis on",
"psg_id": "7976677"
},
{
"title": "What Would Diplo Do?",
"text": "Twitter beef with Calvin Harris). What Would Diplo Do? What Would Diplo Do? is an American comedy television series created by Brandon Dermer and James Van Der Beek. The series stars James Van Der Beek, Dillon Francis, Dora Madison Burge, Jamar Malachi Neighbors, Bobby Lee and H. Michael Croner. The series premiered on Viceland on August 3, 2017. Wesley \"Diplo\" Pentz is a dim-witted but good-natured DJ, producer, and record label head. The series follows Diplo as he performs, records, and lives life, often making mistakes by accident (such as spending the day with the wrong sick child) or on",
"psg_id": "20281326"
},
{
"title": "Englishman River",
"text": "local legend, indigenous people in the area found the skeleton of a Caucasian man near the waterfalls, thus giving the river its current name; the river was given its name because \"an Englishman was drowned while attempting to cross.\" Spanish mapmakers originally named it the \"Rio de Grullas,\" presumably because of the large number of great blue herons living at its estuary (\"grulla\" being Spanish for \"crane\"). Englishman River Englishman River is a river in the eastern side of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. It starts on the eastern slopes of the Beaufort Range, originating from tiny Jewel Lake and",
"psg_id": "4613732"
},
{
"title": "What Would Joey Do?",
"text": "What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play on the Christian phrase \"What would Jesus do?\", which Mrs. Lapp, Joey's homeschooling tutor, asks him at her doorstep on every visit. The phrase is also a mirror to Joey's own trouble-filled life, as to which choice would be the best for \"mopping up the messy corners of his life.\" The book deals with Joey as he tries to take charge of correcting his wrongs in his life and the lives of",
"psg_id": "9854119"
},
{
"title": "What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye",
"text": "What I Mean to Say Is Goodbye What I Mean To Say Is Goodbye is a 2005 album by Tom Brosseau and features a cast of notable Los Angeles, California musicians. It was produced by Sam Jones (\", Off Camera with Sam Jones, Lost Songs: The Basement Tapes Continued).\" When the album was released, \"West of Town\" received much attention from KEXP host John Richards, which eventually lead to Brosseau's appearance on The Mid Day Show with Cheryl Waters. The composition, \"Grafton\", which appears on this album, was originally on \"North Dakota\" under the slightly different title, \"Grafton, ND\". The",
"psg_id": "9287269"
},
{
"title": "What Would Buffy Do?",
"text": "What Would Buffy Do? What Would Buffy Do?: The Vampire Slayer as Spiritual Guide is a book relating to the fictional Buffyverse established by TV series, \"Buffy\" and \"Angel\". Jana Riess argues that despite the show being ostensibly secular in some ways, it takes on some very spiritual elements. Riess attempts to get to the heart of the show's values. She uses as a key example Buffy's gradual embrace of self-sacrifice for a greater good instead of \"normal\" teenage commitment to materialism. Such self-sacrifice is typical among many key religious figures. The idea of redemption is also an important theme",
"psg_id": "8414595"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "and eight consecutive weeks at number one in New Zealand. A lyric video for \"What Do You Mean?\", directed by Laban and featuring skateboarders Ryan Sheckler and Chelsea Castro, was released on August 28, 2015. The music video, directed by Brad Furman and starring John Leguizamo and Xenia Deli, premiered on August 30, 2015 following the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards. As of December 2018, the video has amassed over 1.9 billion views on YouTube, making it the 32nd most viewed video on the site. The video starts off with a man (played by Leguizamo) waiting at a stop sign",
"psg_id": "18937853"
},
{
"title": "An Englishman Looks at the World",
"text": "Times. (21) He then speculates upon the future of the American Population, (22) considers a possible set-back to civilisation, (23) the Ideal Citizen, (24) the still undeveloped possibilities of Science, (25), and—in the broadest spirit—the Human Adventure. (26)\" The journalistic production in \"An Englishman Looks at the World\" reflects Wells's turn from novel-writing to journalism, which began in the years before the outbreak of the Great War. He was more and more frequently invited to write articles for popular periodicals like the \"Daily Mail\". Included in the collection are an account of \"My First Flight,\" a long essay entitled \"The",
"psg_id": "16856678"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "later, it returned to the number one spot for another two weeks. This means that it has spent five non-consecutive weeks at number one in the UK Singles Chart. Bieber became only the fourth person to have the same single reach number one on the UK Singles Chart on three separate occasions. The other songs to top the chart three separate times are Frankie Laine's \"I Believe\", Guy Mitchell's \"Singing the Blues\" and Pharrell Williams' \"Happy\". 'What Do You Mean?' was the ninth best-selling single of 2015 in the UK with combined sales of 988,000 copies. In Australia, \"What Do",
"psg_id": "18937851"
},
{
"title": "Jason Englishman",
"text": "Wake Festival. He currently works as an audio engineer. Jason Englishman Jason Daniyel Englishman (born December 22, 1971 in Kingston, Ontario) is a Canadian rock music singer and guitarist. His major label debut album, \"poor lil' rockstar\", was released on Warner Records in 2000, and spawned the four Canadian top 40 singles: \"Staring at the Sun\", \"The One Thing\", \"Abused\" (which was initially banned by video station MuchMusic) and the top ten rock radio hit \"More\". He received a 2001 Juno Award nomination for best new solo artist, and in March 2001 the Canadian Association of Broadcasters presented him with",
"psg_id": "3742740"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "100, with sales of 48,000 copies, becoming the biggest first-week sales total of 2015 at the time and the highest since Eminem released \"The Monster\" (2013). It also broke the streaming record in Canada, with 3.1 million streams in its first week. Both records were later surpassed by Adele's \"Hello\", which sold 140,000 copies and was streamed 4.79 million times in its first week. \"What Do You Mean?\" marked Bieber's second number-one single in the country, following 2012's \"Boyfriend\". After six consecutive weeks at number one in Canada, it was briefly knocked off the top spot by another Canadian singer,",
"psg_id": "18937848"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "as Bieber sings the rest of the song. The video ends with Bieber standing alone in the dark, in the skatepark. The video featured muscle worship as the girl licks Bieber's chest. A second music video was released on November 14, 2015, part of a series of short films commemorating the release of the album, entitled \"\". The short music video, like the video for \"Sorry\", features the dancers from ReQuest Dance Crew and The Royal Family dance crew, and was also directed and choreographed by Parris Goebel. Bieber performed \"What Do You Mean?\" live for the first time at",
"psg_id": "18937856"
},
{
"title": "What Do You Mean?",
"text": "The Weeknd, with his single \"The Hills\", but returned for a seventh week at number one, being replaced by Adele's \"Hello\" the following week. In the United Kingdom, \"What Do You Mean?\" debuted at the top of the UK Singles Chart for the week ending September 10, 2015, with a combined sales total of 84,000 units. It surpassed his previous best sales week of 55,000, which \"Boyfriend\" had sold in April 2012, and marked Bieber's first chart-topping song in Britain. The track broke the highest first-week streams record in the country with 3.2 million streams, surpassing the stream tally of",
"psg_id": "18937849"
},
{
"title": "Dude, What Would Happen",
"text": "ranked #1 in their timeslot among boys 6-11 on all television. The show was listed as returning for Cartoon Network's 2010–2011 season. The next season began airing on October 6, 2010. In February 2011, Vincent Cariati renewed his contract to serve an additional four seasons as the series' showrunner, co-creator and co-executive producer. The show had four seasons aired, but was not announced as a returning series, automatically cancelling the series altogether. Dude, What Would Happen Dude, What Would Happen is an American live-action reality series that aired on Cartoon Network originally as part of its CN Real block which",
"psg_id": "13723624"
},
{
"title": "What the....You Mean I Can't Sing?!",
"text": "but realized that all of them were crying, and the song had a different emotional impact than he had intended. One of the watchers congratulated Van Peebles on the song, but Van Peebles explained that the song was a joke, angering him and his girlfriend, who wanted to beat Van Peebles up. Van Peebles backed off by claiming that the song wasn't a joke. \"What the...You Mean I Can't Sing?!\" was initially released by Atlantic Records in 1974. Radio stations refused to play any song from the album, demanding an explanation as to what the symbols on the album cover's",
"psg_id": "7976682"
},
{
"title": "What Would Tyler Durden Do?",
"text": "following Jurgen's resignation. What Would Tyler Durden Do? What Would Tyler Durden Do? (WWTDD) is a gossip blog named for the \"Fight Club\" character Tyler Durden, and playing on the Christian inspirational phrase 'What would Jesus do?' The blog, which is occasionally not safe for work, is notable for publishing rumours, criticism and revealing photographs of celebrities. The posts to the blog typically consist of a report followed by commentary from the author. Its readership is primarily from the United States. In a 2006 Youth Trends survey, What Would Tyler Durden Do? was one of two blogs of the top",
"psg_id": "12516222"
},
{
"title": "What Would Tyler Durden Do?",
"text": "What Would Tyler Durden Do? What Would Tyler Durden Do? (WWTDD) is a gossip blog named for the \"Fight Club\" character Tyler Durden, and playing on the Christian inspirational phrase 'What would Jesus do?' The blog, which is occasionally not safe for work, is notable for publishing rumours, criticism and revealing photographs of celebrities. The posts to the blog typically consist of a report followed by commentary from the author. Its readership is primarily from the United States. In a 2006 Youth Trends survey, What Would Tyler Durden Do? was one of two blogs of the top 10 most popular",
"psg_id": "12516220"
},
{
"title": "What Would Sal Do?",
"text": "and Mail\" praised the show, comparing it favourably to \"Trailer Park Boys\" and \"Letterkenny\". The show garnered three Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 5th Canadian Screen Awards in 2017, for Best Actress in a Comedy Series (Dale), Best Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series (McDonald) and Best Writing in a Comedy Series (DeAngelis for \"Punches Pilot\".) What Would Sal Do? What Would Sal Do? is a Canadian television comedy series, which premiered on HBO Canada and CraveTV in 2017. The series stars Dylan Taylor as Sal, an aimless and self-centred underachiever in Sudbury, Ontario, who discovers that he is",
"psg_id": "18979635"
},
{
"title": "What Would Sal Do?",
"text": "What Would Sal Do? What Would Sal Do? is a Canadian television comedy series, which premiered on HBO Canada and CraveTV in 2017. The series stars Dylan Taylor as Sal, an aimless and self-centred underachiever in Sudbury, Ontario, who discovers that he is actually the Second Coming of Jesus Christ, and must learn to become a better person in preparation for his destiny. The series also stars Jennifer Dale as his mother Maria, Ryan McDonald as his best friend Vince, Kaniehtiio Horn as his girlfriend, and Scott Thompson as Father Luke. According to series creator Andrew DeAngelis, the series is",
"psg_id": "18979633"
},
{
"title": "What would Reagan do?",
"text": "including Rebecca Hagelin, Edwin Meese, Kate O'Beirne and James Pethokoukis. The phrase on occasion has been used by iconoclastic conservatives to claim the mantle of Reagan as they criticize mainline conservatives, by some liberal commentators as a way of chastising Republicans whom also they believe fall short of Reagan's ideals and also by non-partisan public policy organizations that seek to emulate aspects of Reagan's leadership. What would Reagan do? What would Reagan do? (sometimes abbreviated WWRD) is a phrase that has become popular primarily among conservatives and Republicans in the United States. Its usage reflects a belief in former United",
"psg_id": "8557193"
},
{
"title": "What Would You Do? (2008 TV program)",
"text": "What Would You Do? (2008 TV program) What Would You Do?, formerly known as Primetime: What Would You Do? through the program's fifth season, is an American situational hidden camera television program that has been broadcast on ABC since February 26, 2008. It is hosted by news correspondent John Quiñones and was created by Chris Whipple. The program was conceived as a format-based series for ABC's newsmagazine \"Primetime\", however all on-air references to the parent program were removed from \"What Would You Do?\" following the discontinuation of \"Primetime\" as a standalone program by the network in 2010, with subject-based formats",
"psg_id": "12912646"
},
{
"title": "What would Jesus do?",
"text": "June 28, 1891. In his sermon he cites the source of the phrase as a book written in Latin by Thomas à Kempis between 1418 and 1427, \"Imitatio Christi\" (The Imitation of Christ). Charles Sheldon's 1896 book \"In His Steps\" was subtitled \"What Would Jesus Do?\" Sheldon's novel grew out of a series of sermons he delivered in his Congregationalist church in Topeka, Kansas. Unlike the previous nuances mentioned above, Sheldon's theology was shaped by a commitment to Christian Socialism. The ethos of Sheldon's approach to the Christian life was expressed in this phrase \"What Would Jesus Do\", with Jesus",
"psg_id": "1793150"
},
{
"title": "What Would Brian Boitano Do?",
"text": "me and think I'm cool because I'm in \"South Park.\"\" Boitano skated to a slightly modified version of the song as part of the 1999 \"Brian Boitano's Holiday Skating Spectacular\" television special . Boitano also starred in a TV show on the Food Network premiering on August 23, 2009, the title of which, \"What Would Brian Boitano Make?\", mirrors the song's title. This tangent led to Boitano's authorship of a cookbook by the same title, published in 2013. What Would Brian Boitano Do? \"What Would Brian Boitano Do?\" is a song from the 1999 film \"\" written by \"South Park\"",
"psg_id": "2648509"
},
{
"title": "What Would the Community Think",
"text": "What Would the Community Think What Would the Community Think is the third album by Cat Power, the stage name and eponymous band of American singer-songwriter Chan Marshall. Recorded at Easley Studios in Memphis, Tennessee, the album was released in 1996 on Matador Records, and was her first release on the label. The album was produced by Sonic Youth drummer Steve Shelley, who also provided drums during the recording sessions. \"What Would the Community Think\" has been noted for its variety of musical styles, ranging from alternative rock to folk and blues. Though not a commercial hit, the album received",
"psg_id": "5733999"
},
{
"title": "What Would Joey Do?",
"text": "Joey after all the help he had given her. Joey experienced his first kiss with Olivia before they departed and they promised to keep in touch. Later, Joey went back to study normally in his old school, and he stated that he was 'where he belonged'. While his dad 'went in circles' and his mom was 'up in down', Joey decided that it was time he moved in his own direction; forward. What Would Joey Do? What Would Joey Do? is a 2003 novel in a series by Jack Gantos about the character, Joey Pigza. The title is a play",
"psg_id": "9854128"
},
{
"title": "What Would Buffy Do?",
"text": "the World\", looks at socially engaged spirituality (Chapters 9–11). What Would Buffy Do? What Would Buffy Do?: The Vampire Slayer as Spiritual Guide is a book relating to the fictional Buffyverse established by TV series, \"Buffy\" and \"Angel\". Jana Riess argues that despite the show being ostensibly secular in some ways, it takes on some very spiritual elements. Riess attempts to get to the heart of the show's values. She uses as a key example Buffy's gradual embrace of self-sacrifice for a greater good instead of \"normal\" teenage commitment to materialism. Such self-sacrifice is typical among many key religious figures.",
"psg_id": "8414597"
}
] | [
"half not - in music"
] |
what instrument is associated with illinois-born john lewis? | [
{
"title": "John Lewis (pianist)",
"text": "Sonny Stitt Barney Wilen John Lewis (pianist) John Aaron Lewis (May 3, 1920 – March 29, 2001) was an American jazz pianist, composer and arranger, best known as the founder and musical director of the Modern Jazz Quartet. John Lewis was born in La Grange, Illinois, and after his parents' divorce moved with his mother, a trained singer, to Albuquerque, New Mexico when he was two months old. She died from peritonitis when he was four and he was raised by his grandmother and great-grandmother. He began learning classical music and piano at the age of seven. His family was",
"psg_id": "2083677"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "John H. Lewis",
"text": "of representatives in 1874 and 1875. Lewis was elected as a Republican to the Forty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1881 – March 3, 1883). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1882 to the Forty-eighth Congress. He resumed the practice of law before retiring in 1900. He died in Knoxville, Illinois, on January 6, 1929 at the age of 98. He was interred in Knoxville Cemetery. John H. Lewis John Henry Lewis (July 21, 1830 – January 6, 1929) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born near Ithaca, New York, Lewis moved to Illinois in 1836 with his parents, who",
"psg_id": "10351175"
},
{
"title": "John H. Lewis",
"text": "John H. Lewis John Henry Lewis (July 21, 1830 – January 6, 1929) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born near Ithaca, New York, Lewis moved to Illinois in 1836 with his parents, who settled on a farm in Fulton County, near Ellisville. He attended the rural schools. He moved to Knox County, Illinois, in 1847 and engaged in agricultural pursuits near Knoxville. He studied law. He was admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Knoxville, Illinois. He served as clerk of the circuit court of Knox County 1860–1864. He served as member of the State house",
"psg_id": "10351174"
},
{
"title": "John W. Lewis Jr.",
"text": "John W. Lewis Jr. John W. Lewis Jr. (September 6, 1906 – August 12, 1977) was an American politician. Born in Marshall, Illinois, Lewis graduated from Marshall Township High School and then went to University of Illinois. He was a farmer auctioneer, and livestock dealer. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1940 until 1958 and was a Republican. In 1958, he was then elected to the Illinois State Senate. However, in 1962 Lewis was again elected to the Illinois House of Representatives and served until 1968 and served as speaker. Lewis was appointed director of the Illinois",
"psg_id": "18437102"
},
{
"title": "John W. Lewis Jr.",
"text": "Department of Agriculture in 1969. In 1970, he was appointed Illinois Secretary of State and served until 1973. John W. Lewis Jr. John W. Lewis Jr. (September 6, 1906 – August 12, 1977) was an American politician. Born in Marshall, Illinois, Lewis graduated from Marshall Township High School and then went to University of Illinois. He was a farmer auctioneer, and livestock dealer. He served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1940 until 1958 and was a Republican. In 1958, he was then elected to the Illinois State Senate. However, in 1962 Lewis was again elected to the Illinois",
"psg_id": "18437103"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Goldberg",
"text": "up to a study started by John Digman at the University of Hawaii. This study is examining the health outcomes in middle adulthood associated with personality rating in middle school. Goldberg has served on the Personality and Cognition Research Review Committee and the Cognition, Emotion, and Personality Research Review Committee of the National Institute of Mental Health and on the Graduate Record Examination Board Research Committee. Lewis Goldberg Lewis R. Goldberg is an American personality psychologist and a professor emeritus at the University of Oregon. He is closely associated Lew Goldberg was born in Chicago, Illinois, on January 28, 1932.",
"psg_id": "6996613"
},
{
"title": "John Taylor Lewis",
"text": "John Taylor Lewis John Taylor Lewis (October 28, 1894 – December 5, 1983) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. Lewis was born in Rockford, Illinois, on October 28, 1894. In 1917 he received a bachelor's degree in architectural engineering from the University of Illinois, was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Coast Artillery, and was assigned to the 37th Infantry Regiment in Laredo, Texas. During World War I he served in France. After the war he remained in France as a military attaché at the U.S. Embassy in Paris. In the 1920s he was assigned as",
"psg_id": "14088563"
},
{
"title": "John L. Lewis House",
"text": "John L. Lewis House The John L. Lewis House is a historic house located at 1132 West Lawrence Avenue in Springfield, Illinois. The house was the home of American labor leader John L. Lewis from 1917 to 1965, encompassing the most productive and influential of his adult life. Born in 1880, Lewis became a coal miner at the age of 15 and quickly became active in union activities. Three years after he moved to his house in Springfield, Lewis became president of the United Mine Workers of America. Lewis became a prominent national labor leader in his new role, and",
"psg_id": "18514856"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (footballer, born 1955)",
"text": "2006 returned to Merthyr as coach. John Lewis (footballer, born 1955) John Lewis (born 15 October 1955 in Tredegar) is a former Welsh football player. Lewis was spotted by Cardiff City while playing for Pontllanfraith in a Welsh league match and was quickly offered a contract by then manager Jimmy Andrews. He made his Cardiff debut against Blackburn Rovers in September 1978. He went on to become a regular fixture in the Bluebirds line-up over the next few years before eventually leaving the club along with Linden Jones and Tarki Micallef to join Newport County in a swap deal that",
"psg_id": "9691971"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (footballer, born 1955)",
"text": "John Lewis (footballer, born 1955) John Lewis (born 15 October 1955 in Tredegar) is a former Welsh football player. Lewis was spotted by Cardiff City while playing for Pontllanfraith in a Welsh league match and was quickly offered a contract by then manager Jimmy Andrews. He made his Cardiff debut against Blackburn Rovers in September 1978. He went on to become a regular fixture in the Bluebirds line-up over the next few years before eventually leaving the club along with Linden Jones and Tarki Micallef to join Newport County in a swap deal that saw Nigel Vaughan and Karl Elsey",
"psg_id": "9691969"
},
{
"title": "John Taylor Lewis",
"text": "for the many diverse administrative and supply services for the Military District of Washington, and all War Department activities within the command. Through his devotion to duty, his superior leadership and his rare administrative ability, he has contributed materially to the war effort. Name: Lewis, John T. Service: Army Rank: Major General Order: War Department, General Orders No. 88 (1944) John Taylor Lewis John Taylor Lewis (October 28, 1894 – December 5, 1983) was a lieutenant general in the United States Army. Lewis was born in Rockford, Illinois, on October 28, 1894. In 1917 he received a bachelor's degree in",
"psg_id": "14088568"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (footballer, born 1881)",
"text": "for The Saints and his 10 goals made him top scorer for the club in the 1907–08 league season. Never able to settle long in one place, he spent the 1908–09 season with Croydon Common before returning to Burton United (now out of the Football League) in 1909. John Lewis (footballer, born 1881) John Richard Lewis (August 1881 – 12 September 1954) was a Welsh international footballer, who played his club football as a forward for various clubs in the south of England. Lewis was born in Aberystwyth and started his career with Bristol Rovers in September 1899, before moving",
"psg_id": "10130761"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (footballer, born 1881)",
"text": "John Lewis (footballer, born 1881) John Richard Lewis (August 1881 – 12 September 1954) was a Welsh international footballer, who played his club football as a forward for various clubs in the south of England. Lewis was born in Aberystwyth and started his career with Bristol Rovers in September 1899, before moving to the South coast to join Southern League Portsmouth in May 1900. After one season at Fratton Park, he moved to the Midlands to join Burton United playing in the Second Division of the Football League. After three seasons, he returned to the Southern League with Bristol Rovers",
"psg_id": "10130759"
},
{
"title": "John L. Lewis",
"text": "Illinois AFL-CIO who had once lambasted Lewis as an \"imaginative windbag,\" upon news of his death. Lewis, he said, would forever be remembered for \"making almost a half million poorly paid and poorly protected coal miners the best paid and best protected miners in all the world.\" He is buried in Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois. John L. Lewis John Llewellyn Lewis (February 12, 1880 – June 11, 1969) was an American leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) from 1920 to 1960. A major player in the history of coal",
"psg_id": "1716545"
},
{
"title": "John Humphrey (Illinois)",
"text": "John Humphrey (Illinois) John Humphrey (June 20, 1838 – October 3, 1914) was an English American politician and attorney who is credited as the father of Orland Park, Illinois. He was a member of the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate. He was also the first mayor of Orland Park. John Humphrey was born in Wisbech, England on June 20, 1838. He came with his family to the United States in 1848. They were among the first settlers to arrive in what would become Orland Park, Illinois. During his youth, he helped his family on the farm while",
"psg_id": "17752933"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Partnership",
"text": "the business Cavendish Textiles, produced under the trade name of 'Jonelle' from 1937, dropped in 2000 in favour of 'John Lewis'. Designers included many associated with Heal's, such as Lucienne Day, Pat Albeck, Jacqueline Groag and Althea McNish. John Lewis Partnership The John Lewis Partnership (JLP) is an employee-owned UK company which operates John Lewis & Partners department stores, Waitrose & Partners supermarkets, its banking and financial services, and other retail-related activities. The company is owned by a trust on behalf of all its employees — known as \"Partners\" – who have a say in the running of the business,",
"psg_id": "2368227"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (referee)",
"text": "John Lewis (referee) John Lewis (30 March 1855 – 13 January 1926) was an English football player, administrator and referee. He was born at Market Drayton, Shropshire, but lived most of his life in Lancashire and was primarily associated with Blackburn Rovers F.C. He was a leading referee from the earliest days of organised football, and when well into his 60s officiated in the Gold medal match of the 1920 Olympic Games football tournament in Antwerp. On 21 April 2008 it was announced that his grave at Blackburn Municipal Cemetery had been restored to its former glory, the costs having",
"psg_id": "9051651"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Gaddis",
"text": "orthodox interpretations of the origins of the Cold War to embrace what were (in the 1970s) interpretations based upon the then-growing availability of government documents from the United States, Great Britain and other western government archives. Due to his growing focus on Stalin and leanings toward US nationalism, Gaddis is now widely seen as more orthodox than post-revisionist. The revisionist Bruce Cumings had a high profile debate with Gaddis in the 1990s, where Cumings criticized Gaddis as moralistic and lacking in objectivity. \"You can't gobble all your treats on Halloween without throwing up.\" John Lewis Gaddis John Lewis Gaddis (born",
"psg_id": "2207911"
},
{
"title": "John W. Lewis House",
"text": "John W. Lewis House The John W. Lewis House is a historic house located at 503 Chestnut St. in Marshall, Illinois. The house was built between 1906 and 1908 for John W. Lewis, a politician and early settler of Clark County. Architects Barber & Kluttz designed the -story Classical Revival house. A white two-story verandah marks the front entrance of the house. Two-story Ionic columns support the verandah around the entrance; to either side, the verandah ends at a large circular section supported by one-story columns. A smaller two-story verandah with a similar design surrounds the side entrance. The house's",
"psg_id": "17915090"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Goldberg",
"text": "Lewis Goldberg Lewis R. Goldberg is an American personality psychologist and a professor emeritus at the University of Oregon. He is closely associated Lew Goldberg was born in Chicago, Illinois, on January 28, 1932. His early education took place at the Bret Harte elementary school in Chicago, and the Highland Park High School in Highland Park, Illinois. In 1953 Goldberg received an A.B. in social relations from Harvard University. He earned a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of Michigan in 1958 where his Ph.D. advisor was E. Lowell Kelly; Kelly provided Goldberg with training in the methodology of quantitative",
"psg_id": "6996607"
},
{
"title": "John Dougherty (Illinois politician)",
"text": "John Dougherty (Illinois politician) John Dougherty (May 6, 1806 – September 7, 1879) was an American politician from Ohio. After a stint mining and teaching, Dougherty became an understudy of Alexander Pope Field and was admitted to the bar. He served several terms in both the Illinois House of Representatives and the Illinois Senate over the next twenty years. In 1868, he was elected Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. John Dougherty was born in Duck Creek, Ohio, near Marietta in what is today Fearing Township, on May 6, 1806. He was the 4th child of Irish immigrant Charles Daugherty/Dougherty and Elizabeth",
"psg_id": "18269064"
},
{
"title": "John L. Lewis House",
"text": "he used his position to support union efforts in other industries as well. He founded the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1935, becoming its first president, and helped lead strikes in the steel and automotive industries. Lewis retired from his presidency of the United Mine Workers in 1960 and died nine years later. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 10, 1979. John L. Lewis House The John L. Lewis House is a historic house located at 1132 West Lawrence Avenue in Springfield, Illinois. The house was the home of American labor leader John",
"psg_id": "18514857"
},
{
"title": "John W. Lewis House",
"text": "hipped roof features three dormers and cresting along its peak. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 26, 1982. John W. Lewis House The John W. Lewis House is a historic house located at 503 Chestnut St. in Marshall, Illinois. The house was built between 1906 and 1908 for John W. Lewis, a politician and early settler of Clark County. Architects Barber & Kluttz designed the -story Classical Revival house. A white two-story verandah marks the front entrance of the house. Two-story Ionic columns support the verandah around the entrance; to either side, the",
"psg_id": "17915091"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Partnership",
"text": "chain's image is upmarket, and it appeals strongly to middle- and upper-class shoppers. Recently, however, John Lewis has broadened its marketing strategy towards all types of buyers, with the introduction of the 'Value' range to John Lewis and the 'Essential' range to Waitrose, and the expansion of the business. The Partnership also supplies the Ocado web supermarket with Waitrose own-brand foods and John Lewis own-brand non-food items. John Lewis opened a drapery shop at 132 Oxford Street, London in 1864. Born in Shepton Mallet in Somerset in 1836, he had been apprenticed at 14 to a linen draper in Wells.",
"psg_id": "2368193"
},
{
"title": "Lenell John-Lewis",
"text": "Lenell John-Lewis Lenell Nicholas John-Lewis (born 17 May 1989) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Shrewsbury Town. John-Lewis started his career with Grantham Town. After going on trial for Middlesbrough, and being linked with Cardiff City, he joined Lincoln City where he was awarded a scholarship. He made his Lincoln debut in the FA Cup against Port Vale on 11 November 2006. He scored his first goal in his second league appearance, against Stockport County on 4 December 2007. On 26 December 2007 John-Lewis scored an equaliser in the 51st minute, smashing the ball home off",
"psg_id": "11584771"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Jackson (basketball, born 1989)",
"text": "Lewis Jackson (basketball, born 1989) Lewis Jackson IV (born September 20, 1989) is an American professional basketball player who last played for the Erie BayHawks of the NBA Development League. He played college basketball at Purdue University. In his junior season, Jackson led the Boilermakers with 4 assists per game and shooting 50.3 percent from the floor. As Purdue's primary point guard, he was named Honorable Mention All-Big Ten as well as a Bob Cousy Award candidate in 2011 and 2012. Jackson attended Eisenhower High School, located in Decatur, Illinois, where he played basketball under head coach, Jeremy Moore. During",
"psg_id": "13702135"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (Montana politician)",
"text": "John Lewis (Montana politician) John Lewis (born 1978) is an American former top aide to Montana Senator Max Baucus. Lewis, a Democrat, ran for Congress in 2014 for Montana's at-large congressional district. Lewis was born in Billings, Montana and raised in Missoula, Montana, and lives with his wife and two children in Helena, Montana. Lewis earned a bachelor's degree in political science from Western Washington University. Lewis worked for Senator Baucus for 12 years, starting as a field organizer for Baucus's 2002 reelection campaign. Lewis then worked for five years as a legislative assistant before becoming director of field operations",
"psg_id": "17626615"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (Montana politician)",
"text": "Department of Administration. The Department of Administration (DOA) employs over 500 and has eight divisions that report to the Director's Office, plus six state agencies that are attached to the DOA for administrative purposes. John and his wife Melissa live in Helena with their three children Kate, Jackson and Luke. John Lewis (Montana politician) John Lewis (born 1978) is an American former top aide to Montana Senator Max Baucus. Lewis, a Democrat, ran for Congress in 2014 for Montana's at-large congressional district. Lewis was born in Billings, Montana and raised in Missoula, Montana, and lives with his wife and two",
"psg_id": "17626617"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (educator)",
"text": "John Lewis (educator) Dr. John Lewis (born 1963) is an American computer science educator, formerly of Villanova University and NYIT. He is best known as the author of Java Software Solutions, an introductory text on Java programming. Dr. Lewis currently resides in Blacksburg, Virginia and is an adjunct professor at Virginia Tech. Popularly, he is known for being the owner of the Twitter account '@johnlewis', to which hundreds of users from across the world mistakenly send tweets intended for the British department store John Lewis or the American civil rights leader Representative John Lewis. He has been described as \"the",
"psg_id": "11694441"
},
{
"title": "Lewis M. Long",
"text": "addition to law practice. He died in Sandwich, Illinois on September 9, 1957. He was interred in Oak Ridge Cemetery. Lewis M. Long Lewis Marshall Long (June 22, 1883 – September 9, 1957) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Gardner, Illinois, Long attended the public schools of Aurora, Illinois, the Plano (Illinois) High School, and the University of Illinois at Urbana. He graduated from the John Marshall Law School, Chicago, Illinois, in 1929. He was employed as a telegraph operator and station agent at Plano, Illinois, and Sandwich, Illinois from 1904 to 1930. He was admitted to the",
"psg_id": "10351258"
},
{
"title": "Lewis M. Long",
"text": "Lewis M. Long Lewis Marshall Long (June 22, 1883 – September 9, 1957) was a U.S. Representative from Illinois. Born in Gardner, Illinois, Long attended the public schools of Aurora, Illinois, the Plano (Illinois) High School, and the University of Illinois at Urbana. He graduated from the John Marshall Law School, Chicago, Illinois, in 1929. He was employed as a telegraph operator and station agent at Plano, Illinois, and Sandwich, Illinois from 1904 to 1930. He was admitted to the bar in 1930 and commenced practice in Sandwich, Illinois. He served as member of the board of aldermen from 1922",
"psg_id": "10351256"
},
{
"title": "Harry Lewis (footballer, born 1997)",
"text": "England at under-18 level. On 24 September 2014, he came on to the field to make his England U18s debut, replacing goalkeeper and captain Freddie Woodman in a 2–0 friendly defeat away to Italy at the Stadio Giovanni Chiggiato. Lewis is the grandson of former Shrewsbury Town and Stockport County goalkeeper Ken Mulhearn. Southampton Harry Lewis (footballer, born 1997) Harry Charles John Lewis (born 20 December 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Southampton. Lewis joined Southampton's academy from Shrewsbury Town in 2015. After impressing with the under-23 side, Lewis made his professional debut for",
"psg_id": "19936132"
},
{
"title": "Harry Lewis (footballer, born 1997)",
"text": "Harry Lewis (footballer, born 1997) Harry Charles John Lewis (born 20 December 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Southampton. Lewis joined Southampton's academy from Shrewsbury Town in 2015. After impressing with the under-23 side, Lewis made his professional debut for Southampton on 7 January 2017 against Norwich City in an FA Cup match. He conceded a penalty in the match as Southampton drew 2–2 at Carrow Road. On 14 July 2017, he joined Scottish Championship club Dundee United on a one-year loan, having also signed a new three-year contract with Southampton. Lewis has represented",
"psg_id": "19936131"
},
{
"title": "Allen Cleveland Lewis",
"text": "of Technology Allen Cleveland Lewis Allen Cleveland Lewis (1821–1877) was a Chicago citizen who left his estate in order to create Lewis Institute. Allen Cleveland Lewis was born in Sterling, Connecticut. He lived in Elgin, Illinois as a young man, where he was a hardware merchant. He married and had one son. At the age of twenty months, his son died. After the death of his wife, Lewis moved to Chicago, Illinois. Both Allen and his older brother John Lewis had an interest in creating a school for boys who had to leave school early to attend work. Allen traveled",
"psg_id": "13675009"
},
{
"title": "Allen Cleveland Lewis",
"text": "Allen Cleveland Lewis Allen Cleveland Lewis (1821–1877) was a Chicago citizen who left his estate in order to create Lewis Institute. Allen Cleveland Lewis was born in Sterling, Connecticut. He lived in Elgin, Illinois as a young man, where he was a hardware merchant. He married and had one son. At the age of twenty months, his son died. After the death of his wife, Lewis moved to Chicago, Illinois. Both Allen and his older brother John Lewis had an interest in creating a school for boys who had to leave school early to attend work. Allen traveled to Europe",
"psg_id": "13675006"
},
{
"title": "Lenell John-Lewis",
"text": "He scored his first goal for Shrewsbury on his debut in a 1−0 win over Northampton Town on 5 August 2017. He was offered a new contract by Shrewsbury at the end of the 2017–18 season. <div> Bury supporters gave John-Lewis the nickname 'The Shop', a reference to the UK high street store John Lewis, that began as a terrace chant. His increased club popularity has been mirrored on Internet social networking sites. Bury Shrewsbury Town Lenell John-Lewis Lenell Nicholas John-Lewis (born 17 May 1989) is an English footballer who plays as a striker for Shrewsbury Town. John-Lewis started his",
"psg_id": "11584777"
},
{
"title": "Joshua Lewis (judge)",
"text": "Joshua Lewis (judge) Joshua Lewis (1772–1833) was a judge of the Superior Court of the Territory of Orleans and, after Louisiana became a state, the 1st Judicial District Court of that state. Joshua Lewis was born in Leesburg, Virginia, in Loudoun County October 25, 1772, to Captain John Lewis and his wife Elizabeth (maiden name?). John and Elizabeth Lewis had two other sons, William (born 1767) and Thomas (born 1774). Sometime in the 1780s, Joshua moved with his family to Jessamine County, Kentucky, where his father built a mill on the Kentucky River near what is now known as High",
"psg_id": "13396103"
},
{
"title": "John Spedan Lewis",
"text": "born in 1885, the elder of two sons of John Lewis and Eliza Lewis (née Baker). His middle name was in honour of his father's aunt, Ann Speed, who had raised his father from the age of eight. His brother Oswald was born in 1887. Spedan was educated at Westminster School. Throughout his life Lewis was a keen and active natural historian. From 1933 until his death he was a fellow of the Linnean Society, which awards its John Spedan Lewis Medal for contributions to conservation. Spedan Lewis joined his father's John Lewis department store on Oxford Street, London, aged",
"psg_id": "8986492"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (department store founder)",
"text": "Progressive Party. In 1884 John Lewis married Eliza Baker, a schoolmistress from a family of West Country drapers. They had two children, John Spedan, born 1885, and Oswald, born 1887. John Lewis remained in full control of his Oxford Street store until his death. He died at his Hampstead home \"Spedan Towers\" in 1928 at the age of 92. John Lewis (department store founder) John Lewis (24 February 1836 – 8 June 1928) was the founder of the John Lewis department store on Oxford Street, London and the national John Lewis department store chain. John Lewis was born in Shepton",
"psg_id": "10798182"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (educator)",
"text": "most patient man on the internet\" by British social media users for redirecting with humour mistaken requests and messages sent to him, especially around the Christmas shopping period. The department store sent Lewis a gift set as an acknowledgment and a thank you in 2016 for the inconvenience caused to him. John Lewis (educator) Dr. John Lewis (born 1963) is an American computer science educator, formerly of Villanova University and NYIT. He is best known as the author of Java Software Solutions, an introductory text on Java programming. Dr. Lewis currently resides in Blacksburg, Virginia and is an adjunct professor",
"psg_id": "11694442"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis-Stempel",
"text": "'the hottest nature writer around' \"The Wood: The Life and Times of Cockshutt Wood\", released in 2018, was also a Radio 4 Book of the Week, and Sunday Times top five bestseller. Lewis-Stempel lives on a farm in Herefordshire with his wife Penelope and their children Tristram and Freda. John Lewis-Stempel John Lewis-Stempel (born 1967) is an English farmer, writer, and \"Sunday Times\" Top 5 best selling author. He was born in Herefordshire, where his family have lived for over 700 years. He has written on a range of subjects from Native Americans to Fatherhood, but specialises in military history",
"psg_id": "14872381"
},
{
"title": "Bob Lewis (basketball, born 1925)",
"text": "Bob Lewis (basketball, born 1925) Robert S. Lewis, Jr. (October 6, 1925 – April 11, 2012) was an American college basketball player notable as a starting forward on the University of Utah's 1944 National Championship team. Lewis was born and grew up in Salt Lake City, the son of a University of Utah professor. He and his twin brother Fred attended East High School and came to their father's university to play basketball for coach Vadal Peterson in the Fall of 1943. Due to the shortage of college-aged men associated with World War II, freshmen were eligible to play varsity",
"psg_id": "16671428"
},
{
"title": "Edward John Lewis",
"text": "Edward John Lewis Edward John Lewis (5 December 1859 – 8 June 1925) was a Welsh medical doctor and international rugby union half-back who played club rugby for Llandovery College and international rugby for Wales. He won just a single game for Wales when he was selected for the first Welsh rugby international. Lewis was born in 1859 in Llandovery to John Lewis, and was educated first at Llandovery College and then graduated to Christ's College, Cambridge in 1878. He gained his BA in 1882 and his Bachelor of Medicine in 1887 from St Bartholomew's Hospital. Lewis continued with his",
"psg_id": "13279544"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Hill (cricketer, born 1990)",
"text": "Although not being in the squad for Leicestershire's trip to Surrey, Boyce failed a late fitness test, meaning Lewis Hill was once again selected. He was chosen to open the batting. He made 126 off just 147 balls, hitting 18 fours and 2 sixes in the process. In June 2015, Lewis Hill hit the winning runs to secure Leicestershire's first county championship victory in nearly three years. Lewis Hill (cricketer, born 1990) Lewis John Hill (born 5 October 1990) is an English cricketer. Hill is a right-handed batsman who regularly fulfills the role of wicketkeeper. He was born at Leicester,",
"psg_id": "16691425"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (pianist)",
"text": "collaborated with other prominent jazz artists such as Lester Young, Ella Fitzgerald and Illinois Jacquet. In an article about Dexter Gordon for WorldPress.com, reviewer Ted Panken suggests that \". . . Higgins’s buoyant ride cymbal and subtle touch propels the soloists through the master take of \"Milestones,\" a John Lewis line for which Miles Davis took credit on his 1947 Savoy debut with Charlie Parker on tenor.\" Panken seems certain of his claim but does not offer corroboration to a charge that Davis took credit for music that was not his own. Lewis was also part of trumpeter Miles Davis's",
"psg_id": "2083653"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (Arizona politician)",
"text": "John Lewis (Arizona politician) John Lewis (born October 3, 1957) is an American politician served as the mayor of Gilbert, Arizona from 2009 to 2016 when he resigned his post to become president and CEO of East Valley Partnership. Lewis is a member of the Republican Party. Lewis was elected as Mayor of Gilbert in May 2009. Prior community involvement included serving as co-chairman of the Town's Diversity Task Force, organizer of Community Interfaith activities, and founder of Gilbert's \"Constitution Week\" celebration. Lewis has 28 years of private sector business experience including 19 years with Apollo Group (parent company to",
"psg_id": "16976025"
},
{
"title": "John S. Lewis",
"text": "of American Rocket Company and is currently Chief Scientist at Deep Space Industries. Raised a Presbyterian, Dr Lewis became a Mormon, in 1980. In February 2013, Dr Lewis will assume the role of Chief Scientist for the firm Deep Space Industries. Dr. Lewis will focus on strategic planning, mission development and processing concepts for Deep Space. John S. Lewis John S. Lewis (born June 27, 1941) is a Professor Emeritus of planetary science at the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. His interests in the chemistry and formation of the solar system and the economic development of space have",
"psg_id": "4364894"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Lewis (basketball, born 1946)",
"text": "Bobby Lewis (basketball, born 1946) Robert F. \"Bobby\" Lewis, M.Ed. (born July 25, 1946) is an American former college basketball player known for his flamboyant dribbling, passing, and play-making. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Lewis was a playground and YMCA legend from an early age. His legend grew while at John Bartram High School where he was able to showcase the many moves he adapted from his Hall of Fame mentor, Guy Rodgers. Before focusing on basketball, Lewis excelled at table tennis and baseball. In 1960 he was invited to the Youth Table Tennis National Championships in New York, NY after",
"psg_id": "18217593"
},
{
"title": "John S. Lewis",
"text": "John S. Lewis John S. Lewis (born June 27, 1941) is a Professor Emeritus of planetary science at the University of Arizona’s Lunar and Planetary Laboratory. His interests in the chemistry and formation of the solar system and the economic development of space have made him a leading proponent of turning potentially hazardous near-Earth objects into attractive space resources. The son of John Simpson Lewis, a YMCA professional, and Elsie Dinsmore Vandenbergh, a school teacher. Lewis received his B.S. in chemistry from Princeton University in 1962 as a National Merit Scholar. He then continued his education at Dartmouth College receiving",
"psg_id": "4364892"
},
{
"title": "Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1919)",
"text": "Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1919) John Lewis (26 August 1919 – 2002) was an English, retired professional footballer who played as a half-back, in the Football League for Crystal Palace, Bournemouth and Reading. He also played non-league football for Kettering Town. Lewis was born in Walsall and began his youth career with West Bromwich Albion. He signed for Crystal Palace in the 1938 close season and made his debut in April 1939 against Bristol Rovers. However, that would be Lewis' only senior appearance before regular league football was interrupted by the Second World War. Lewis became a first team regular",
"psg_id": "18638704"
},
{
"title": "David Lewis (priest, born 1814)",
"text": "He translated \"The Rise and Growth of the Anglican Schism\" by Nicholas Sanders from Latin (1877) and writings of St John of the Cross from Spanish (1864). His younger brother, Evan Lewis, was also influenced by the Oxford Movement but did not convert. He later became Dean of Bangor Cathedral. David Lewis (priest, born 1814) David Lewis (1814–1895) was a Welsh Anglican priest and academic who converted to Roman Catholicism under the influence of John Henry Newman. Lewis was born in Ceredigion, Wales, and educated at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1834 onwards, graduating in 1837. He then became a Fellow",
"psg_id": "11885960"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (antiquarian)",
"text": "John Lewis (antiquarian) John Lewis (29 August 1675 – 16 January 1747) was an English clergyman and antiquary. Born in the parish of St. Nicholas, Bristol, on 29 August 1675, he was the eldest son of John Lewis, wine cooper in the city. Francis Lewis, vicar of Worth Matravers, Dorset, was his paternal grandfather. His mother was Mary, eldest daughter of John Eyre, merchant, of Poole. He received his education first under Samuel Conant, rector of Lichet-Matravers, next at Wimborne grammar school, under John Moyle and afterwards under John Russel in the grammar school at Poole. He acted as assistant",
"psg_id": "15566855"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Hill (cricketer, born 1990)",
"text": "Lewis Hill (cricketer, born 1990) Lewis John Hill (born 5 October 1990) is an English cricketer. Hill is a right-handed batsman who regularly fulfills the role of wicketkeeper. He was born at Leicester, Leicestershire. Educated at Hastings High School and John Cleveland College in Hinckley, Hill has played Second XI cricket for Leicestershire since 2009. During the 2012 season, Hill was selected as part of the Unicorns squad for the 2012 Clydesdale Bank 40. He made his List A debut during the competition against Northamptonshire at Sir Paul Getty's Ground, Wormsley. He was dismissed for a golden duck in the",
"psg_id": "16691422"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (California politician)",
"text": "John Lewis (California politician) John R. Lewis (born November 2, 1954) is a Republican politician from California who represented Orange County in the California State Senate from 1991 until 2000 and in the California State Assembly from 1980 until 1991. He currently serves as the President of the Lewis Consulting Group. During his time in the State Senate, Lewis served as the Vice Chairman of the Senate Rules Committee. Lewis was first elected to the State Senate in 1991 after John Seymour resigned after being appointed to the United States Senate by Governor Pete Wilson. In the Republican primary, Lewis",
"psg_id": "13192209"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Cook (footballer, born 1997)",
"text": "with a 2–1 win. England U17 England U20 England U21 Individual Lewis Cook (footballer, born 1997) Lewis John Cook (born 3 February 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club AFC Bournemouth and the English national team. Cook is a graduate of Leeds United's academy. He has represented England at various youth levels. He has won the 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup and 2018 Toulon Tournament with his country, captaining the team in the latter two tournaments. Cook was born in York, North Yorkshire. He attended Tadcaster Grammar School, playing",
"psg_id": "18208180"
},
{
"title": "What Is Life",
"text": "performance of \"What Is Life\" that was \"greeted with a reception that matched anything the New York audience at the Bangla Desh concerts expressed\". English born Australian pop singer Olivia Newton-John recorded \"What Is Life\", along with a version of Harrison's \"All Things Must Pass\" track \"Behind That Locked Door\", for her 1972 album \"Olivia\". The song was arranged and produced by Bruce Welch of the Shadows and John Farrar, who was Newton-John's regular producer and collaborator during the 1970s. Released as a single in some countries, this version reached the UK top 20 in March 1972, peaking at number",
"psg_id": "7728610"
},
{
"title": "Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1919)",
"text": "in the 1946–47 season, when he was ever-present and made over 30 appearances in each of the next two seasons. His form was such that he was named in a London select XI to play in Brussels in 1948. However, in November 1949, Lewis was transferred to Bournemouth for £7,500 where he remained until July 1951, when he joined Reading. Lewis spent two seasons with Reading before moving into non-league football with Kettering Town. After retiring as a player, Lewis became a publican. Jack Lewis died in 2002, aged 82 or 83. Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1919) John Lewis (26",
"psg_id": "18638705"
},
{
"title": "Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1902)",
"text": "Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1902) James John \"Jack\" or \"Ginger\" Lewis (born 16 January 1902, date of death unknown) was a Welsh footballer who played in the Football League for Cardiff City, Newport County and Tranmere Rovers. He was born in Newport. Lewis started his career at his home town club Newport County, joined Cardiff City in 1924. Having made just one appearance for the club, during a 4–1 defeat against Bury, Lewis was called into the Wales squad for the British Home Championship match against Scotland on 31 October 1925, which ended in a 3–0 defeat. Lewis never played",
"psg_id": "14114121"
},
{
"title": "John F. Lewis",
"text": "John F. Lewis John Francis Lewis (March 1, 1818September 2, 1895) was an American planter and politician from Rockingham County, Virginia. He served two terms as the ninth and 14th Lieutenant Governor of Virginia and represented Virginia as a Republican in the United States Senate during the Reconstruction period after the Civil War. John F. Lewis was born on the \"Lynnwood\" plantation in rural Rockingham County, Virginia, a son of Samuel Hance Lewis (1794–1869) and Nancy Cameron Lewis (1795–1841). He attended an old field school and engaged in agricultural pursuits as a young adult. He married Serena Helen Sheffey (1823–1901)",
"psg_id": "6328739"
},
{
"title": "John Henry Lewis",
"text": "the 2005 Braddock biopic film \"Cinderella Man\". John Henry Lewis John Henry Lewis (May 1, 1914 – April 18, 1974) was a hall of fame American boxer and held the World Light Heavyweight Boxing Title from 1935 to 1938. \"The Ring\" boxing magazine named Lewis the 16th greatest light heavyweight of all-time. His trainer was Larry Amadee, and his managers included Ernie Lira, Larry White, Frank Schuler, and Gus Greenlee. Lewis was born in Los Angeles in on May 4, 1914 to Mattie Drake Foster and John Edward Lewis. The family settled in Phoenix, Arizona, where he grew up and",
"psg_id": "1608621"
},
{
"title": "John Henry Lewis",
"text": "John Henry Lewis John Henry Lewis (May 1, 1914 – April 18, 1974) was a hall of fame American boxer and held the World Light Heavyweight Boxing Title from 1935 to 1938. \"The Ring\" boxing magazine named Lewis the 16th greatest light heavyweight of all-time. His trainer was Larry Amadee, and his managers included Ernie Lira, Larry White, Frank Schuler, and Gus Greenlee. Lewis was born in Los Angeles in on May 4, 1914 to Mattie Drake Foster and John Edward Lewis. The family settled in Phoenix, Arizona, where he grew up and was taught to box at an early",
"psg_id": "1608589"
},
{
"title": "John Delaware Lewis",
"text": "2nd Baronet MP for South Hampshire. Lewis' ancestors settled in the State of Delaware in the 17th century. John Delaware Lewis John Delaware Lewis (1828 – 31 July 1884) was an English Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1874. Lewis was born in Saint Petersburg, the son of John D. Lewis of Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, a Russian merchant, and his wife Eliza Emma Clewlow, daughter of James Hamilton Clewlow R.N. He was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge graduating BA in 1850 and MA in 1853. He was called",
"psg_id": "15102531"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (civil rights leader)",
"text": "President\", which was released in the month of Obama's inauguration. In February 2018, John Lewis voiced his guest character (also called \"John Lewis\") in the \"Arthur\" episode \"Arthur Takes a Stand\". John Lewis (civil rights leader) John Robert Lewis (born February 21, 1940) is an American politician and civil rights leader. He is the U.S. Representative for , serving since 1987, and is the dean of the Georgia congressional delegation. His district includes three-quarters of Atlanta. Lewis, who as chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) was one of the \"Big Six\" leaders of groups who organized the 1963",
"psg_id": "2454755"
},
{
"title": "Lewis W. Ross",
"text": "family settled in an area that later became Lewistown, Illinois, named for Lewis Ross by his father. Lewis Ross received his early education in pioneer schools, and then attended Illinois College in Jacksonville, Illinois, graduating in 1838. He studied law with Josiah Lamborn, a noted lawyer of the day, and was admitted to the bar, commencing the practice of law in Lewistown in 1839. Lewis Ross married Frances Mildred Simms (1822-1902) in Lewistown, Illinois, on June 13, 1839. Lewis and Frances Ross had 12 children: John Wesley Ross (1841-1902), a distinguished attorney who served as president of the Washington, D.",
"psg_id": "10351265"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (California politician)",
"text": "defeated both Assemblymembers Nolan Frizzelle and Doris Allen of Cypress, California who later served briefly as Speaker of the Assembly. Lewis is an alumnus of University of Southern California. John Lewis (California politician) John R. Lewis (born November 2, 1954) is a Republican politician from California who represented Orange County in the California State Senate from 1991 until 2000 and in the California State Assembly from 1980 until 1991. He currently serves as the President of the Lewis Consulting Group. During his time in the State Senate, Lewis served as the Vice Chairman of the Senate Rules Committee. Lewis was",
"psg_id": "13192210"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (headmaster)",
"text": "retired in August 2002, having reached his 60th birthday. John Lewis (headmaster) John Elliot Lewis (born 23 February 1942) was the Head Master of Eton College from 1994 to 2002. Born in New Zealand in 1942, Lewis attended King's School, Auckland after which he was a pupil at King's College, Auckland. He gained a double first in Classics from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and taught at Eton between 1971 and 1980, holding the post of Master in College between 1975 and 1980. He was a distinguished rugby player and cricketer. From 1980 to 1994, Lewis was the Headmaster of Geelong",
"psg_id": "13950143"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (headmaster)",
"text": "John Lewis (headmaster) John Elliot Lewis (born 23 February 1942) was the Head Master of Eton College from 1994 to 2002. Born in New Zealand in 1942, Lewis attended King's School, Auckland after which he was a pupil at King's College, Auckland. He gained a double first in Classics from Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, and taught at Eton between 1971 and 1980, holding the post of Master in College between 1975 and 1980. He was a distinguished rugby player and cricketer. From 1980 to 1994, Lewis was the Headmaster of Geelong Grammar School in Australia, which had been attended by",
"psg_id": "13950140"
},
{
"title": "Tommylee Lewis",
"text": "Tommylee Lewis Tommylee Lewis (born October 24, 1992) is an American football wide receiver and return specialist for the New Orleans Saints of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Northern Illinois and signed with the Saints as an undrafted free agent in 2016. An undersized wide receiver, Northern Illinois was the only school to offer Lewis an athletic scholarship. After not being selected in the 2016 NFL Draft, the Saints signed Lewis on a recommendation from Pro Football Hall of Fame coach Bill Parcells, who was a friend of Lewis' high school coach. Lewis signed with",
"psg_id": "19714394"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Lewis (basketball, born 1946)",
"text": "record an amazing 30.9 points and 11.8 assists per game in his senior year. He was the #8 leading scorer in the NCAA which earned him UPI Small Colleges 1st Team All American honors. Bobby Lewis (basketball, born 1946) Robert F. \"Bobby\" Lewis, M.Ed. (born July 25, 1946) is an American former college basketball player known for his flamboyant dribbling, passing, and play-making. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Lewis was a playground and YMCA legend from an early age. His legend grew while at John Bartram High School where he was able to showcase the many moves he adapted from his",
"psg_id": "18217596"
},
{
"title": "Bandora (instrument)",
"text": "of stringed instruments in different regions at an early date). Bandora (instrument) The bandora or bandore is a large long-necked plucked string-instrument that can be regarded as a bass cittern though it does not have the re-entrant tuning typical of the cittern. Probably first built by John Rose in England around 1560, it remained popular for over a century. A somewhat smaller version was the orpharion. The bandora is frequently one of the two bass instruments in a broken consort as associated with the works of Thomas Morley, and it is also a solo instrument in its own right. Anthony",
"psg_id": "4247014"
},
{
"title": "Bandora (instrument)",
"text": "Bandora (instrument) The bandora or bandore is a large long-necked plucked string-instrument that can be regarded as a bass cittern though it does not have the re-entrant tuning typical of the cittern. Probably first built by John Rose in England around 1560, it remained popular for over a century. A somewhat smaller version was the orpharion. The bandora is frequently one of the two bass instruments in a broken consort as associated with the works of Thomas Morley, and it is also a solo instrument in its own right. Anthony Holborne wrote many pieces for solo bandora. The multiple lute",
"psg_id": "4247011"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Cook (footballer, born 1997)",
"text": "Lewis Cook (footballer, born 1997) Lewis John Cook (born 3 February 1997) is an English professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for club AFC Bournemouth and the English national team. Cook is a graduate of Leeds United's academy. He has represented England at various youth levels. He has won the 2014 UEFA European Under-17 Championship, 2017 FIFA U-20 World Cup and 2018 Toulon Tournament with his country, captaining the team in the latter two tournaments. Cook was born in York, North Yorkshire. He attended Tadcaster Grammar School, playing for their football teams from under-13 to under-15 level. Cook graduated",
"psg_id": "18208169"
},
{
"title": "David Lewis (priest, born 1814)",
"text": "David Lewis (priest, born 1814) David Lewis (1814–1895) was a Welsh Anglican priest and academic who converted to Roman Catholicism under the influence of John Henry Newman. Lewis was born in Ceredigion, Wales, and educated at Jesus College, Oxford, from 1834 onwards, graduating in 1837. He then became a Fellow of the college in 1839, a position he held until 1846 (serving as vice-principal 1845–46). After his ordination, he was curate of St Mary's Church under John Henry Newman, and was part of the Oxford Movement, converting to Catholicism in 1846. He later settled in Arundel and studied canon law.",
"psg_id": "11885959"
},
{
"title": "Louie E. Lewis",
"text": "then served as State Treasurer from 1939 to 1941. Lewis later worked for the Illinois Division of Motor Vehicles. He died of a heart attack in Christopher, Illinois. Louie E. Lewis Louie Egan Lewis (July 20, 1893 – September 8, 1968) was an American politician, newspaper editor, and farmer. Born on a farm in Christopher, Illinois, Lewis was a farmer, bookkeeper, and newspaper editor. He taught school and then owned the Sesser Herald and later the Christopher Progressive with his brother, Thurlow Girard Lewis. He was a Democrat. Lewis served on the Franklin County, Illinois board was president of the",
"psg_id": "18482886"
},
{
"title": "Louie E. Lewis",
"text": "Louie E. Lewis Louie Egan Lewis (July 20, 1893 – September 8, 1968) was an American politician, newspaper editor, and farmer. Born on a farm in Christopher, Illinois, Lewis was a farmer, bookkeeper, and newspaper editor. He taught school and then owned the Sesser Herald and later the Christopher Progressive with his brother, Thurlow Girard Lewis. He was a Democrat. Lewis served on the Franklin County, Illinois board was president of the Sesser, Illinois School Board. Lewis then served in the Illinois House of Representatives from 1933 to 1939 and was Speaker of the House from 1937 to 1939. He",
"psg_id": "18482885"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (Arizona politician)",
"text": "mayoral duties, Lewis also served on the Arizona League of Cities Executive Committee, Maricopa Association of Government Regional Council, MAG Economic Development Committee (past chair), Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport Board, Greater Phoenix Economic Council Board, East Valley Partnership Board, Arizona BrainFood Executive Board, Care for Life Advisory Board and Ascenda Executive Board. John Lewis (Arizona politician) John Lewis (born October 3, 1957) is an American politician served as the mayor of Gilbert, Arizona from 2009 to 2016 when he resigned his post to become president and CEO of East Valley Partnership. Lewis is a member of the Republican Party. Lewis was",
"psg_id": "16976027"
},
{
"title": "Lewis Steward House",
"text": "Lewis Steward House The Lewis Steward House is a historic residence in Plano, Illinois. It was the home of Lewis Steward, a prominent early settler to Kendall County who co-founded Marsh, Steward & Company, ran for the governorship of Illinois, and was elected to the United States House of Representatives. Lewis Steward was born in Wayne County, Pennsylvania. He came with his family to Kendall County, Illinois as a child. Steward helped his father with his farm and eventually moved out to start a farm of his own. In 1862, he joined C. W. and W. W. Marsh to form",
"psg_id": "17603044"
},
{
"title": "Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1902)",
"text": "for Wales or Cardiff City again, moving to Tranmere Rovers where he went on to make over 250 appearances. Jack Lewis (footballer, born 1902) James John \"Jack\" or \"Ginger\" Lewis (born 16 January 1902, date of death unknown) was a Welsh footballer who played in the Football League for Cardiff City, Newport County and Tranmere Rovers. He was born in Newport. Lewis started his career at his home town club Newport County, joined Cardiff City in 1924. Having made just one appearance for the club, during a 4–1 defeat against Bury, Lewis was called into the Wales squad for the",
"psg_id": "14114122"
},
{
"title": "John Delaware Lewis",
"text": "John Delaware Lewis John Delaware Lewis (1828 – 31 July 1884) was an English Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1868 to 1874. Lewis was born in Saint Petersburg, the son of John D. Lewis of Cornwall Terrace, Regent's Park, a Russian merchant, and his wife Eliza Emma Clewlow, daughter of James Hamilton Clewlow R.N. He was educated at Eton College and at Trinity College, Cambridge graduating BA in 1850 and MA in 1853. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1858 and went on the south-eastern circuit. He was a J.P.",
"psg_id": "15102529"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Gaddis",
"text": "John Lewis Gaddis John Lewis Gaddis (born 1941) is the Robert A. Lovett Professor of Military and Naval History at Yale University. He is best known for his work on the Cold War and grand strategy, and has been hailed as the \"Dean of Cold War Historians\" by \"The New York Times\". Gaddis is also the official biographer of the seminal 20th-century American statesman George F. Kennan. \"\" (2011), his biography of Kennan, won the 2012 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. Gaddis was born in Cotulla, Texas, in 1941. He attended the University of Texas at Austin, receiving his",
"psg_id": "2207904"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis & Partners",
"text": "the John Lewis Partnership acquired from Selfridge Provincial Stores are thus those in Sheffield, Liverpool, Cambridge and Watford (all of which have been relocated to new buildings and rebranded as 'John Lewis' since acquisition). John Lewis & Partners John Lewis & Partners is a chain of high-end department stores operating throughout the United Kingdom. Concessions are also located in the Republic of Ireland and Australia. The chain is owned by the John Lewis Partnership, which was created by Spedan Lewis, son of the founder, John Lewis, in 1929. The first John Lewis store was opened in 1864 in Oxford Street,",
"psg_id": "7016592"
},
{
"title": "Laurie Beebe Lewis",
"text": "Laurie Beebe Lewis Laurie Beebe Lewis (born Laurie Seaman on November 5, 1954, in Ludington, Michigan) is an American singer-songwriter. At age 14 she was the female lead singer of the Saginaw, Michigan cult-underground band Pitche Blende, a featured band on \"The Michigan Mixture Volume 1\" album. She is most associated with her affiliation as the keyboard player and vocalist with Chicago's reformed group the Buckinghams from 1982 to 1985; and as lead singer in the reformed group The Mamas & The Papas from 1986 to 1993 with original members John Phillips and Denny Doherty along with Spanky McFarlane. Lewis",
"psg_id": "18717002"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis (Canadian politician)",
"text": "John Lewis (Canadian politician) John Lewis (born August 27, 1804) was a merchant and political figure in New Brunswick. He represented Albert County in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick over much of the period from 1852 to 1867. He was born in Moncton, New Brunswick, the son of Ichabod Lewis and Rebecca Read, and educated there and in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In 1829, he married Lavinia Taylor; in 1864, Lewis married Mary Dickson, the widow of Captain William Bennett, after his first wife's death. He established himself as a merchant at Hillsborough in 1831. Lewis was a justice of",
"psg_id": "11653126"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis-Stempel",
"text": "John Lewis-Stempel John Lewis-Stempel (born 1967) is an English farmer, writer, and \"Sunday Times\" Top 5 best selling author. He was born in Herefordshire, where his family have lived for over 700 years. He has written on a range of subjects from Native Americans to Fatherhood, but specialises in military history and natural history under his family name. He is a former columnist for \"The Sunday Express\" (for which he still writes features), and currently a columnist for \"Country Life\". His column on nature and farming in \"Country Life\" won him Magazine Columnist of the Year in the 2016 BSME",
"psg_id": "14872379"
},
{
"title": "David John Lewis",
"text": "bill. And when David Lewis walked down the aisle of the House to debate on the bill's behalf, he received a standing ovation – a subtle rebuke to Chairman Doughton's high-handed treatment. David John Lewis David John Lewis (May 1, 1869 – August 12, 1952) was an American politician. Born near Osceola Mills, Centre County, Pennsylvania to Welsh immigrants, Lewis worked in the local coal mines from 1878 to 1892. He studied law and Latin in his spare time, was admitted to the bar in 1892, and commenced practice in Cumberland, Maryland. Lewis served as a member of the Maryland",
"psg_id": "8100409"
},
{
"title": "Arthur John Lewis",
"text": "Arthur John Lewis Arthur John Lewis (12 March 1879 – 8 November 1961) was a British-Canadian minister, administrator and politician. Lewis served as a Progressive party member of the House of Commons of Canada. He was born in Isham, Northants, England, the son of Arthur Lewis and Hannah S. Quincy, came to Canada in 1903 and became a Presbyterian minister, manager and secretary. Lewis was educated at the University of Saskatchewan and Presbyterian College in Saskatoon. In 1908, he married Eva M. Thomlinson. He was elected to Parliament at the Swift Current riding in the 1921 general election. After completing",
"psg_id": "13761069"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Childs",
"text": "John Lewis Childs John Lewis Childs (May 13, 1856 – March 6, 1921) was a horticultural businessman and politician who founded Floral Park, New York. In addition to a widespread reputation for being a zealous ornithologist, Childs is also credited with founding the first seed catalog business in the United States. Childs was born in Franklin County, Maine, and grew up in Buckfield. His career in horticulture began in 1874, when he took a job with C. L. Allen of Queens. Soon afterwards he began renting, then buying land in nearby East Hinsdale, Queens County, near other nurseries. Within five",
"psg_id": "11366607"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Brown",
"text": "John Lewis Brown John Lewis Brown (1829 – 1890) was a French battle, animal, and genre painter. He was born in Bordeaux of a Scottish family of Stuart partisans. He studied in the École des Beaux-Arts with Camille Roqueplan and Jean-Hillaire Belloc. He is known for his pictures of hunting and military scenes, and his studies of horses and dogs. He painted a number of admirable pictures from the American Revolutionary War, the Seven Years' War, and the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. His presentation is clever and humorous, his work characterized by refinement and charm. The Luxembourg possesses his \"Before",
"psg_id": "9949844"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Brenner",
"text": "divided between the two parties, and Mr. Brenner's plurality at each election was barely 100 votes. Brenner was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1900. After his congressional service, John Lewis Brenner returned to Dayton and resumed his former occupation as a dealer in leaf tobacco. He died in Dayton and was interred in Woodland Cemetery, Dayton, Ohio. John Lewis Brenner John Lewis Brenner (February 2, 1832 – November 1, 1906) was a farmer, nurseryman, businessman and member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio. John L. Brenner was born in Wayne Township, Montgomery County, Ohio, the son",
"psg_id": "7772768"
},
{
"title": "Lujon (musical instrument)",
"text": "historical background: \"Henry Mancini's drummer, Shelly Manne had several drums I made and one of them was the Lujon (a pun on 'John Lewis' who bought the first one). Mancini was very impressed with the instrument and wrote ['Lujon'] using its scale as the theme.\" On 7 April 2010, Loughborough died of a heart attack in Madrid, Spain, at the age of 84. Composers who wrote for lujon include Jerry Goldsmith, Gerald Fried, Dave Grusin, Clare Fischer, and John Williams. Henry Mancini used it in his score for \"Hatari!\", and also featured the instrument in a composition called \"Lujon.\" Lujon",
"psg_id": "16692109"
},
{
"title": "Christopher John Lewis",
"text": "was later charged with the murder of a young mother, Tania Furlan, and the kidnapping of her child. He killed himself in Mount Eden Prison, Auckland, in 1997 while awaiting his trial. Christopher John Lewis Christopher John Lewis (7 September 1964 – 23 September 1997) was a New Zealander who made a 1981 unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Elizabeth II, the Queen of New Zealand and other Commonwealth realms including the United Kingdom. He planned later attempts at assassinating other British royal family members and was kept at arm's length from them by the authorities in New Zealand. Lewis was born",
"psg_id": "20534647"
},
{
"title": "Yvonne John Lewis",
"text": "Music/Club Play hit from 2002, \"Safe From Harm.\" John Lewis has worked as a backing vocalist for artists like Bryan Ferry, Blue, Enrique Iglesias, James Fargas, Westlife and Atomic Kitten. She also provided the vocal sample in Simon Webbe's track, \"No Worries.\" She toured with Roxy Music in 2004. Yvonne John Lewis Yvonne John Lewis (occasionally spelled Yvonne John-Lewis) is a female lead and backing singer from the United Kingdom. London based, she was discovered by Osmond Wright, better known by his stage name \"Mozez\" and a singer for British downtempo group Zero 7. John Lewis first featured as a",
"psg_id": "5842974"
},
{
"title": "John Lewis Tiarks",
"text": "John Lewis Tiarks John Lewis Tiarks, FRS (born Johann Ludwig Tiarks, 10 May 1789 – 1 May 1837) was the British astronomer to the North American Boundary Line Commission. Tiarks was born in the town of Jever, then in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg, and now in Lower Saxony, Germany. He entered the University of Göttingen to study theology but transferred to the mathematics course. Having gained his degree he initially moved to Hamburg, but then moved to England in 1810 to escape Napoleon. There he secured employment as Assistant Librarian to Sir Joseph Banks. In 1817, with the help",
"psg_id": "18728605"
},
{
"title": "Jeannie Lewis",
"text": "a moment when one felt that here was a singer acting while beside her were actors singing.\" She devised, with John Derum, \"Piaf, the Songs and the Story\", which premiered at the Princess Theatre, Melbourne in February 1982. Again, she took the title role. It included four national tours, with an associated soundtrack album released in that year. Also in 1982 Lewis created and performed \"For a Dancer\" about her mother's life; it premiered at the Adelaide Festival. Ethel had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease and Lewis \"would sing the golden oldies to her — what I call the left-wing",
"psg_id": "6791993"
},
{
"title": "John Moore (Illinois)",
"text": "and was re-elected as treasurer that year. His work in this position earned him the nickname \"Honest John Moore\". He reprised his role as chairman of the Illinois Democratic Committee from 1858 to 1860, then again from 1862 until his death on September 23, 1863. John Moore (Illinois) John Moore (September 8, 1793 – September 23, 1863), nicknamed \"Honest John\", was an English American politician who served as Lieutenant Governor of Illinois. He also served in the Mexican–American War as lieutenant colonel and was later elected Illinois Treasurer. John Moore was born in Lincolnshire, England on September 8, 1793. An",
"psg_id": "17828596"
},
{
"title": "Lewis John Carlino",
"text": "& Horror Films for the Saturn Award for Best Writing of 1980. Lewis John Carlino Lewis John Carlino (born January 1, 1932) is an American screenwriter and director. His career has spanned five decades and includes such works as \"The Fox\", \"The Brotherhood\", \"The Mechanic\", \"The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea\", \"I Never Promised You a Rose Garden\", \"Resurrection\", and \"The Great Santini\". Carlino has been nominated for many awards, including the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. One of Carlino's earliest works was a play, \"The Brick and the Rose; a collage for voices\". It was",
"psg_id": "14553681"
},
{
"title": "Lewis John Carlino",
"text": "Lewis John Carlino Lewis John Carlino (born January 1, 1932) is an American screenwriter and director. His career has spanned five decades and includes such works as \"The Fox\", \"The Brotherhood\", \"The Mechanic\", \"The Sailor Who Fell from Grace with the Sea\", \"I Never Promised You a Rose Garden\", \"Resurrection\", and \"The Great Santini\". Carlino has been nominated for many awards, including the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. One of Carlino's earliest works was a play, \"The Brick and the Rose; a collage for voices\". It was published on December 12, 1957, and the first production took place that",
"psg_id": "14553675"
}
] | [
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what type of aid was developed my miller hutchinson in the early years of the 20th century? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "on page 138 of Hélène-Andrée Bizier's Une Histoire du Québec en photos (2006, Éditions Fides). The swastika was also used as border art for the weekly pet health column in the \"Calgary Herald\" newspaper in the early years of the 20th century. The Danish brewery company Carlsberg Group used the swastika as a logo from the 19th century until the middle of the 1930s, when it was discontinued because of association with the Nazi Party in neighbouring Germany. However, the swastika carved on elephants at the entrance gates of the company's headquarters in Copenhagen in 1901 can still be seen",
"psg_id": "9319130"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "90 degrees. It is considered to be a sacred and auspicious symbol in Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism and dates back at least 11,000 years. Archaeological evidence of swastika-shaped ornaments dates from the Neolithic period and was first found in the Mezine, Ukraine. The swastika (gammadion, \"fylfot\") symbol became a popular symbol of luck in the Western world in the early 20th century, as it had long been in Asia, and was often used for ornamentation. The Nazi Party adopted the symbol in the 1920s, and its use in Western countries faded after the Nazi association became dominant in the 1930s.",
"psg_id": "9319117"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "of TV Is My Pacifier said \"“20th Century Fox Mambo” got a complete staging, and we only saw Karen auditioning the song. From what I saw about the dancing, it was very solid, but I would’ve like some shots of Ivy doing the same routine. The same counts for the singing, it would’ve been nice to have heard Megan singing the song (in part), as well.\" Scott Brown of Vulture describes the song as a \"frothy style spread that uses [Marylin Monroe's] early, Norma Jean–era screen test for 20th Century Fox...to blow out a number that's easily detachable from a",
"psg_id": "17087994"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. The 116th Street–Columbia University station of the New York City Subway features a ceramic mosaic design with a border of swastikas, which dates back to the station's 1904 opening. In early 2016, the board of directors of the Longview Community Church in Longview, Washington debated removing swastika tiles from the church, constructed in 1925, and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century The swastika (from Sanskrit svástika) is an ancient Indo-European religious symbol that generally takes the form of",
"psg_id": "9319199"
},
{
"title": "My 20th Century",
"text": "My 20th Century My 20th Century () is a 1989 Hungarian comedy-drama film written and directed by Ildikó Enyedi. It premiered at the Toronto Festival of Festivals. Enyedi won the Golden Camera award at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. The film was selected as the Hungarian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 62nd Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nominee. In Budapest in 1880, two twin daughters, Dóra and Lili, are born. After their mother dies, the twins support themselves by selling matches in the street. When they fall asleep one night, two men take",
"psg_id": "9860521"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "luck. The swastika's worldwide use was well documented in an 1894 publication by the Smithsonian. The symbol appeared in many popular, non-political Western designs from the 1880s to the 1920s, with occasional use continuing into the 1930s. Western use of the motif was subverted in the early 20th century after it was adopted as the emblem of the Nazi Party (). The swastika was used as a conveniently geometrical and eye-catching symbol to emphasise the so-called Aryan-German correspondence and instill racial pride. Since World War II, most Westerners have known the swastika as a Nazi symbol, leading to confusion about",
"psg_id": "9319120"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "in 1888 as the Dublin Laundry Company. Upon the outbreak of World War II in 1939, the company's customers were concerned about the company's name. Accordingly, it was changed to \"Swastika Laundry (1912) Ltd\". The company's fleet of electric delivery vans were red, and featured a black swastika on a white background. The business started in the early 20th century and continued up until recent times. The Laundry's tall chimneystack was emblazoned with a large white Swastika, a protected structure, which was clearly visible from the surrounding streets. The name and logo eventually disappeared when the laundry was absorbed into",
"psg_id": "9319136"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "Railroad Company operated with cars and locomotives \"emblazoned with the red swastika symbol adopted as the road’s trademark.\" The symbol featured right facing arms and was tilted at an angle. The 105-mile \"Swastika Line\" operated from about 1902 to 1915, with major stops at Raton and Cimarron, New Mexico. The tracks were torn up for scrap during World War II when \"Swastika Line iron was used to fight a different kind of swastikas in Europe.\" A \"Swastika Theater\" operated in Sausalito, California in the early 20th century. Another \"Swastika Theater\" operated in Akron, Indiana. The Swastika Novelty Company of Charleston,",
"psg_id": "9319158"
},
{
"title": "My 20th Century",
"text": "minister with a bomb, but after looking into his eyes she blows out the bomb and runs away. Seeking refuge from a crowd of police, Lili hides in a fun house where, turning a corner, she sees Dóra. Z finds his way there as well and briefly sees them both together before the two run away from him. My 20th Century My 20th Century () is a 1989 Hungarian comedy-drama film written and directed by Ildikó Enyedi. It premiered at the Toronto Festival of Festivals. Enyedi won the Golden Camera award at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival. The film was",
"psg_id": "9860524"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "specifically Indo-European symbol, and associated it with the ancient migrations of Proto-Indo-Europeans. He connected it with similar shapes found on ancient pots in Germany, and theorised that the swastika square was a \"significant religious symbol of our remote ancestors\", linking Germanic, Greek and Indo-Iranian cultures. Later discoveries of the motif among the remains of the Hittites and of ancient Iran seemed to confirm this theory, but the symbol was also known for its use by indigenous American Indians as well as Eastern cultures. By the early 20th century it was used worldwide and was regarded as a symbol of good",
"psg_id": "9319119"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "quilt and the story behind it was absolutely heartwarming\" according to a member of the museum foundation. Metal typeface Swastika borders were used by U.S. printers in the early 20th century. Controversy arose in 1937 when they appeared on Passaic, New Jersey sample election ballots. The printer responded, \"I've used the swastika emblems for ballot borders long before the world ever knew Hitler.\" In the novel The Great Gatsby, the story of which takes place during the Roaring Twenties, one of the characters runs a business called \"The Swastika Holding Company.\" The Ladies' Home Journal sponsored a Girl's Club with",
"psg_id": "9319162"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century The swastika (from Sanskrit svástika) is an ancient Indo-European religious symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross, with its four arms bent at 90 degrees in either right-facing (卐) form or its mirrored left-facing (卍) form. The Swastika (also known outside the Indian subcontinent as the Hakenkreuz, gammadion cross, cross cramponnée, croix gammée, fylfot, or tetraskelion) (as a character 卐 or 卍) is an ancient Indo-European religious symbol originating from the Ukraine, that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross with four legs each bent at",
"psg_id": "9319116"
},
{
"title": "Legal aid",
"text": "workers. Workers unions in turn started to provide workers with legal advice on their new economic, social and cultural rights. Demand for these services was high and in an attempt to provide workers with non-partisan advice, many governments started to provide legal aid by the early 20th century. In the 20th century, legal aid has developed together with progressive principles; it has often been supported by those members of the legal profession who felt that it was their responsibility to care for those on low income. Legal aid is driven by what lawyers can offer to meet the \"legal needs\"",
"psg_id": "2735556"
},
{
"title": "Lost Animals of the 20th Century",
"text": "Lost Animals of the 20th Century Lost Animals of the 20th Century is a 16-episode documentary series shown on the Discovery Channel in the 1990s. It features animals that have become extinct throughout the 20th century. Animals are adjudged as such when the last specimen of the species dies sometime from 1901 to 2000. However, since the show was produced in the 1990s (still part of the 20th century), most of the animals covered became extinct in the early part of the century. Greta Scacchi introduces each episode during the title sequence and narrates episodes 1 through 8. Lin Sagovsky",
"psg_id": "7973681"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba",
"text": "while \"This Is My Prayer for You\" is the \"most memorable\" of the non-standards. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire\" peaked at number 67 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire is a compilation of songs from Reba McEntire's two Christmas albums (\"Merry Christmas to You\" and \"\") for release in 2003 on a \"20th Century Masters\" Christmas collection. No new material was recorded for the compilation. \"20th Century Masters",
"psg_id": "8922037"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets",
"text": "\"Christmas in My Heart\", \"Somebody to Love Me\", & \"Under Any Moon\". 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets is the ninth album (including \"Christmas with The Jets\") recorded with MCA Records by the family group The Jets. It is a compilation of their greatest hits (\"Crush on You\", \"Sendin' All My Love\", \"You Got It All\", \"Rocket 2 U\", \"Cross My Broken Heart\" and \"Make It Real\"). It is more updated than the group's first greatest hits package released in 1990, \"The",
"psg_id": "16014799"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the 20th Century",
"text": "It was eventually dissolved when Bejart moved to Switzerland to form Béjart Ballet in Lausanne in 1987. Ballet of the 20th Century Ballet of the 20th Century (), was a ballet and contemporary dance company in Brussels, Belgium in 1960, by the French/Swiss choreographer Maurice Béjart. For many years it was the official dance company of the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie. The company was known for including South and East Asian elements in its performances. Bejart had previously founded a company in Paris, which he named first Les Ballets de l'Étoile, and later Ballet Théâtre de Maurice Bejart. When",
"psg_id": "13714517"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the 20th Century",
"text": "Ballet of the 20th Century Ballet of the 20th Century (), was a ballet and contemporary dance company in Brussels, Belgium in 1960, by the French/Swiss choreographer Maurice Béjart. For many years it was the official dance company of the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie. The company was known for including South and East Asian elements in its performances. Bejart had previously founded a company in Paris, which he named first Les Ballets de l'Étoile, and later Ballet Théâtre de Maurice Bejart. When he moved to Brussels in 1960, he relocated the company and renamed it Ballet du XXme Siècle.",
"psg_id": "13714516"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "became famous. In previous centuries people could only become famous by doing something that was remembered ages later. Julius Caesar and Napoleon Bonaparte conquered countries, Jesus Christ developed a religion, ... In the 20th century people could become world-famous in less than no time and without doing anything, thanks to the arrival of mass media. Movie stars like Charlie Chaplin, for instance, became global stars due to the nearly universal reach of film. James cites Chaplin as the first truly world-famous 20th century celebrity. The invention of the film close-up made people on film screens appear larger than life and",
"psg_id": "12363888"
},
{
"title": "Century type family",
"text": "Described by reviewer Mark Simonson as 'insanely complete', it has a stronger level of contrast and sharper Didone serifs than Century designs, in a release featuring small caps and a range of matching figure designs. Shinn based the revival on that used in an 1873 book on New York State wildlife. The Old Standard web font by Alexey Kryukov is loosely based on the similar styles of type that were used in Europe during the early 20th century. It includes Cyrillic and polytonic Greek glyphs for classical studies use. Matthew Carter's Miller is a revival of the Scotch Roman types",
"psg_id": "14579200"
},
{
"title": "Immigration from China in the early 20th century",
"text": "these nationals to work legally. More than 80,000 Chinese immigrants were affected by this act. Having the right to work and live legally in the United States prompted many immigrants from Hong Kong and Taiwan to pursue jobs in the United States. In the late 1990s through early 2000s, there was a significant influx in employment for Chinese laborers, according to census data analysis. Immigration from China in the early 20th century Significant Chinese immigration to the United States began with the California Gold Rush, in the late 1840s. Many of these immigrants were single men who worked for a",
"psg_id": "15647700"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of The Jets is the ninth album (including \"Christmas with The Jets\") recorded with MCA Records by the family group The Jets. It is a compilation of their greatest hits (\"Crush on You\", \"Sendin' All My Love\", \"You Got It All\", \"Rocket 2 U\", \"Cross My Broken Heart\" and \"Make It Real\"). It is more updated than the group's first greatest hits package released in 1990, \"The Best of The Jets\". The only singles this package omits are \"Anytime\",",
"psg_id": "16014798"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "Ages the sign of the swastika was well established among all Slavic lands. Known as \"swarzyca\", it was primarily associated with one of the Slavic gods named Svarog. With time the association with Slavic gods faded, but the swastika was preserved both as a personal symbol of various personalities, such as the Boreyko Coat of Arms, and in folk culture, for example, in the region of Podhale, where the swastika was used as a talisman well into the 20th century. As a solar symbol, it was painted or carved on various parts of houses in the Tatra Mountains and was",
"psg_id": "9319140"
},
{
"title": "20th-century French art",
"text": "20th-century French art 20th-century French art developed out of the Impressionism and Post-Impressionism that dominated French art at the end of the 19th century. The first half of the 20th century in France saw the even more revolutionary experiments of Cubism, Dada and Surrealism, artistic movements that would have a major impact on western, and eventually world, art. After World War II, while French artists explored such tendencies as Tachism, Fluxus and New realism, France's preeminence in the visual arts progressively became eclipsed by developments elsewhere (the United States in particular). The early years of the twentieth century were dominated",
"psg_id": "5802457"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "swastika membership pins, swastika-decorated handkerchief and a magazine titled, \"The Swastika\". Their version of the symbol was square with right facing arms. The club was formed at the beginning of the 20th century to encourage young women to sell magazine subscriptions. The 1939 Tennessee State University yearbook lists a \"Swastika Club\" among women's student organisations. The group focused on literature, scholarship and \"clear and straight thinking\". Tennessee State is the only state-funded historically Black university in Tennessee. The yearbook for Catawba College in Salisbury, North Carolina, first published in 1927, was known as the \"Swastika\", after a Native American design",
"psg_id": "9319163"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "saw what had happened. It was simply the \"Swastika Laundry\", which had painted the year of its founding, 1912, clearly beneath the swastika; but the mere possibility that it might have been one of those others was enough to take my breath away.\" In Latvia, too, the swastika (known as Fire Cross, , or Thunder Cross, ) was used as the marking of the Latvian Air Force between 1918 and 1934, as well as in insignias of some military units. It was also used as a symbol by the Latvian fascist movement Pērkonkrusts, as well as by other organisations. Latvian",
"psg_id": "9319138"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "protested against deportation of Jews in the Netherlands, the Nazis responded with even more severe measures. Neo-orthodoxy is a branch of Protestant thought arose in the early 20th century in the context of the rise of the Third Reich in Germany and the accompanying political and ecclesiastical destabilization of Europe in the years before and during World War II. Neo-orthodoxy's highly contextual, dialectical modes of argument and reasoning often rendered its main premises incomprehensible to American thinkers and clergy, and it was frequently either dismissed out of hand as unrealistic or cast into the reigning left- or right-wing molds of",
"psg_id": "13413264"
},
{
"title": "Immigration from China in the early 20th century",
"text": "Immigration from China in the early 20th century Significant Chinese immigration to the United States began with the California Gold Rush, in the late 1840s. Many of these immigrants were single men who worked for a time and then returned to China with their earnings. In subsequent decades, however, significant numbers of Chinese immigrants had settled permanently, and were competing for low-level jobs with other ethnic immigrant groups. Immigration from China was restricted by the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882. In all, 4,441 Chinese immigrants came to the USA through the Ellis Island Immigration Station, while others came to",
"psg_id": "15647698"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "Jantzen Beach Amusement Park which opened in 1928 as the largest amusement park in the United States. The Parker \"Four-Row Park Carousel\" was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1987. It is the only surviving carousel out of four made from the design. The original was created for the 1904 St. Louis World's Fair. Ceramic tiles with a swastika design were produced by a number of North American manufacturers in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. They were often installed in repeating patterns or in combination with related ancient symbols. In western architecture, pre-World War II",
"psg_id": "9319182"
},
{
"title": "History of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century",
"text": "History of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century The history of Jewish education in the United States before the 20th century is as old as the United States itself; it is a part of overall U.S. Jewish history. That history begins early in the history of the first Jewish congregation in New York. Attached to that congregation was a school in which secular as well as Hebrew branches were taught. It was one of the earliest general schools in America; poor children received tuition-free instruction. Religious instruction was established in connection with most of the early",
"psg_id": "4049828"
},
{
"title": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century",
"text": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century is a 1999 documentary film about Florida businessman James D. Newton and the relationships he enjoyed with five key historic figures: Thomas A. Edison, Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone and Alexis Carrel. The film, which was directed by first-time filmmaker John Biffar and narrated by Walter Cronkite, included interviews with Newton (who was 94 years old at the time of production), archival footage and dramatic re-enactments. The film had a brief theatrical release, and reviews were mostly negative. Lawrence Van Gelder, writing in \"The New York Times\",",
"psg_id": "12174248"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "to my theory that said song won't arrive until somebody figures out what Marilyn is actually about. Noel Murray of The AV Club says that he \"liked [the song] quite a bit\", though adds in his opinion it should have been titled \"The 20th Century Foxtrot\". In regard to McPhee's performance, he noted that \"in the studio, she hits all the notes and all the steps, but without much life\", and adds that \"to [him], Karen was much more appealing when she was awkwardly rehearsing the dance in her apartment, and getting embarrassed by her boyfriend Dev watching her\". An",
"psg_id": "17087997"
},
{
"title": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century",
"text": "film can be purchased from the Uncommon Friends Foundation, a nonprofit organization founded by James D. Newton that provides educational scholarships to business students. Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century is a 1999 documentary film about Florida businessman James D. Newton and the relationships he enjoyed with five key historic figures: Thomas A. Edison, Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone and Alexis Carrel. The film, which was directed by first-time filmmaker John Biffar and narrated by Walter Cronkite, included interviews with Newton (who was 94 years old at the time of production), archival footage",
"psg_id": "12174250"
},
{
"title": "History of aesthetics before the 20th century",
"text": "refers to Greek philosophers as the earliest source of formal aesthetic considerations. Plato believed in beauty as a \"form\" in which beautiful objects partake and which causes them to be beautiful. He felt that beautiful objects incorporated proportion, harmony, and unity among their parts. Similarly, in the \"Metaphysics\", Aristotle found that the universal elements of beauty were order, symmetry, and definiteness. From the late 17th to the early 20th century Western aesthetics underwent a slow revolution into what is often called modernism. German and British thinkers emphasized beauty as the key component of art and of the aesthetic experience, and",
"psg_id": "6640788"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "Woodhouse Crag, on the northern edge of Ilkley Moor in West Yorkshire there is a swastika-shaped pattern engraved in a stone, known as the Swastika Stone. The figure in the foreground of the picture is a 20th-century replica; the original carving can be seen a little further away, at the centre-left of the picture. There are both left- and right-facing swastikas on the war memorial at the entrance to Balmoral Castle in Scotland. The druids in the mid-1920s adorned their dress with swastikas. There is a Fylfot made into the brickwork on a building inside the British Aerospace factory in",
"psg_id": "9319125"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century",
"text": "sponsored by Union Carbide (\"The Discovery Company\"), was renamed \"The 21st Century\". The show's focus changed to the future and to what humankind could look forward to. \"The 21st Century\" was cancelled after three seasons (its final broadcast was on 4 January 1970). The reason given was that the writers had run out of things to talk about. However, CBS may have wished to replace it with a more commercially successful program. The 20th Century The Twentieth Century was a documentary television program sponsored by the Prudential Insurance Company that ran on the CBS network from 20 October 1957 until",
"psg_id": "2903158"
},
{
"title": "20th century in ichnology",
"text": "20th century in ichnology The 20th century in ichnology refers to advances made between the years 1900 and 1999 in the scientific study of trace fossils, the preserved record of the behavior and physiological processes of ancient life forms, especially fossil footprints. Significant fossil trackway discoveries began almost immediately after the start of the 20th century with the 1900 discovery at Ipolytarnoc, Hungary of a wide variety of bird and mammal footprints left behind during the early Miocene. Not long after, fossil \"Iguanodon\" footprints were discovered in Sussex, England, a discovery that probably served as the inspiration for Sir Arthur",
"psg_id": "18778277"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait is a collection of some of George Strait's greatest Christmas songs. It was released in 2003 by MCA Nashville. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of George Strait\" received three out of five stars from William Ruhlmann of Allmusic. In his review, Ruhlmann laments that \"this compilation is not what it might have been\" because \"Strait seems intent on rewarding his current crop of contributing songwriters by including plenty of their mediocre contributions",
"psg_id": "12504821"
},
{
"title": "Pirates of the 20th Century",
"text": "Pirates of the 20th Century Pirates of the 20th Century (, translit. \"Piraty XX veka\") is a 1980 Soviet action/adventure film about modern piracy. The film was directed by Boris Durov, the story was written by Boris Durov and Stanislav Govorukhin. The film was the leader of Soviet distribution in 1980 and had 87.6 million viewers. The film begins with a convoy of military vehicles rolling into a seaport located somewhere in Middle East in the bank of Indian or Pacific Ocean and stopping near the pier where the Soviet cargo ship \"Nezhin\" () is anchored. An agent of a",
"psg_id": "10027256"
},
{
"title": "Pirates of the 20th Century",
"text": "ship, manage to escape and must fight the pirates for survival. Pirates of the 20th Century Pirates of the 20th Century (, translit. \"Piraty XX veka\") is a 1980 Soviet action/adventure film about modern piracy. The film was directed by Boris Durov, the story was written by Boris Durov and Stanislav Govorukhin. The film was the leader of Soviet distribution in 1980 and had 87.6 million viewers. The film begins with a convoy of military vehicles rolling into a seaport located somewhere in Middle East in the bank of Indian or Pacific Ocean and stopping near the pier where the",
"psg_id": "10027261"
},
{
"title": "CAF Clubs of the 20th Century",
"text": "has not been considered. Clubs' performance on the first edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, held in Brazil in January 2000, has been included in the ranking. CAF's classification of African clubs is made on the following basis: Top Ten Africa's clubs of the 20th Century: Based on this statistical study, Egypt's Al-Ahly was named as \"African club of the century\" by the continental governing body on 31 December 2000. CAF Clubs of the 20th Century On 31 December 2000 the Confederation of African Football (CAF) has published a ranking with the most successful clubs of the 20th century",
"psg_id": "13833077"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "of what the public associates with the celebrity or to show them during a more casual moment, instead of as an icon. Examples are: Clive James included them because these celebrities were internationally famous at the turn of the 19th century into the 20th century. William Randolph Hearst, Thomas Alva Edison, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, Leon Tolstoy, Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling, Sarah Bernhardt, Isadora Duncan and Buffalo Bill. Enrico Caruso, Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, Louis Blériot, Marie Curie, Theodore Roosevelt, Florence Lawrence, Francis X. Bushman, William S. Hart, Theda Bara, Harry Houdini, Robert Falcon Scott, Roald",
"psg_id": "12363895"
},
{
"title": "20th century in science",
"text": "as polio. A massive amount of new technologies were developed in the 20th century. Technologies such as electricity, the incandescent light bulb, the automobile and the phonograph, first developed at the end of the 19th century, were perfected and universally deployed. The first airplane flight occurred in 1903, and by the end of the century large airplanes such as the Boeing 777 and Airbus A330 flew thousands of miles in a matter of hours. The development of the television and computers caused massive changes in the dissemination of information. The 20th century saw mathematics become a major profession. As in",
"psg_id": "20567811"
},
{
"title": "World Team of the 20th Century",
"text": "World Team of the 20th Century The World Team of the 20th Century was chosen in 1998 to comprise the best association football players of the 20th century CE. The team comprises an eleven-member side, with one goalkeeper, four defenders, three midfielders, and three forwards. The team was announced on 10 June 1998, in conjunction with the opening ceremonies of the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. The team was selected in plurality voting undertaken by a panel of 250 international football journalists from amongst the members of eleven-member sides styled as the \"South American\" and \"European Teams of the",
"psg_id": "9498558"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Steppenwolf",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Steppenwolf 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Steppenwolf, released by Universal Music as part of their 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection series, is a CD that collects material by Steppenwolf from 1968 to 1971. The compilation focuses on Steppenwolf’s Dunhill recordings, with the bulk of material coming from their \"Steppenwolf\" through \"At Your Birthday Party\" albums. While generally regarded as a solid representation of Steppenwolf’s early-period proto-metal work from the 1960s, there were no new tracks or previously unreleased songs included. It includes liner",
"psg_id": "11019321"
},
{
"title": "Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century",
"text": "final poll to produce an ordered list of those 18. This produced the following ranking: Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century Gallup's List of People that Americans Most Widely Admired in the 20th Century is a poll published in December 1999 by The Gallup Organization to determine which people around the world Americans most admired for what they did in the 20th century. While Gallup has constructed a yearly Gallup's most admired man and woman poll list since 1948, it did not cover the entire century. Therefore, they combined the results from those lists with",
"psg_id": "7269058"
},
{
"title": "Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century",
"text": "Gallup's List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century Gallup's List of People that Americans Most Widely Admired in the 20th Century is a poll published in December 1999 by The Gallup Organization to determine which people around the world Americans most admired for what they did in the 20th century. While Gallup has constructed a yearly Gallup's most admired man and woman poll list since 1948, it did not cover the entire century. Therefore, they combined the results from those lists with a new preliminary poll to determine the 18 most admired people. They then ran a",
"psg_id": "7269057"
},
{
"title": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century",
"text": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century Great Pianists of the 20th Century was a 200-CD box set released by Philips Records in 1999 and sponsored by Steinway & Sons. The box set comprises 100 volumes featuring 72 pianists of the 20th century, each volume with two CDs and a booklet about the life and work of the featured pianist. The set contains a variety of composers from different eras, from Baroque to Contemporary classical. The material was the result of a collaborative association between Philips (who had access to the Polygram Records back catalogue) and a number of other labels,",
"psg_id": "10823602"
},
{
"title": "Horace Hutchinson",
"text": "Horace Hutchinson Horatio Gordon \"Horace\" Hutchinson (16 May 1859 – 27 July 1932) was an English amateur golfer who played in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Hutchinson won the 1886 Amateur Championship and the 1887 Amateur Championship. He had three top-10 finishes in the Open Championship, his best result being sixth in the 1890 Open Championship. He was also a prolific writer of books on the subject of golf and other sporting themes. Hutchinson was the first English captain of the R&A links at St Andrews Golf Club, Scotland. He suffered from grave illness in the latter",
"psg_id": "18720444"
},
{
"title": "Horace Hutchinson",
"text": "which player lost in match play Horace Hutchinson Horatio Gordon \"Horace\" Hutchinson (16 May 1859 – 27 July 1932) was an English amateur golfer who played in the late 19th century and early 20th century. Hutchinson won the 1886 Amateur Championship and the 1887 Amateur Championship. He had three top-10 finishes in the Open Championship, his best result being sixth in the 1890 Open Championship. He was also a prolific writer of books on the subject of golf and other sporting themes. Hutchinson was the first English captain of the R&A links at St Andrews Golf Club, Scotland. He suffered",
"psg_id": "18720452"
},
{
"title": "Sounds of the 20th Century",
"text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012. Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year. Featuring nothing that wasn’t heard, seen or read at the time, other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine, the series does not feature any explanations, reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips. Instead, the series' website provided a list and description of the audio items, which was also",
"psg_id": "9478648"
},
{
"title": "Century type family",
"text": "of which were designed by Benton and issued by A.T.F., were issued over a period of six years. Century Oldstyle is Linn Boyd Benton's and Morris Fuller Benton's renovation of Phemister's Miller & Richard Old Style for ATF (also known as Bookman Oldstyle) forty-five years later, using the Century name for marketing purposes. Despite the name it is not purely an old-style serif font (the type of metal type used before around 1750), but retains many more modern characteristics such as its curling capital Q. \"Century Oldstyle\" was not as popular as its predecessor, but the roman and italic were",
"psg_id": "14579191"
},
{
"title": "Dyer–Hutchinson Farm",
"text": "Elizabeth. By 1850 the farm had grown to its present size, about . Dyer's children sold the property in 1864, and it was acquired by Edwin Hutchinson in 1864. It was occupied by his descendants until the 1990s, and it was by them that the box-making operation was established in the early 20th century. After standing vacant for several years, the property was rehabilitated, and is now protected by a preservation easement. It is currently used as a Christmas tree farm. Dyer–Hutchinson Farm The Dyer–Hutchinson Farm is a historic farm property at 1148 Sawyer Road in Cape Elizabeth, Maine. Established",
"psg_id": "19142390"
},
{
"title": "Sounds of the 20th Century",
"text": "produced by Trevor Dann's Company, and there is a series blog available at sottc.wordpress.com. The critical reception was generally positive. Comparing the show to BBC One's \"The Rock 'n' Roll Years\", \"The Independent\"s Chris Maume asked if \"commissioning \"Sounds of the 20th Century\" [was] the first thing the 6 Music/Radio 2 controller Bob Shennan has got right in his short but deeply unsatisfactory tenure?\". More critically, \"The Guardian\"s Elisabeth Mahoney identified parallels between the archive clips and the contemporary world, but was frustrated at the lack of a narrative, arguing that \"the jaunty mix is frustratingly hard-going.\" Sounds of the",
"psg_id": "9478650"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael Jackson",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael Jackson 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael Jackson is a compilation album by American recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released on November 21, 2000 by Motown Records. It was released as part of the \"20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection\"'s series. It features Jackson's early solo recordings from 1971 until 1975, including the hit records \"Got to Be There\", \"Ben\", and \"Rockin' Robin\". The album was re-released on March 6, 2012 as Icon. \"Icon\" is the ninth album to be released by",
"psg_id": "16330528"
},
{
"title": "Home: A Memoir of My Early Years",
"text": "Home: A Memoir of My Early Years Home: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews. It was published on April 1, 2008 by Hyperion. \"Home\" tells the story of Julie Andrews' life up until 1963, when she left England for Hollywood to shoot \"Mary Poppins\" and is intended as part one of a two-part memoir. While it includes dark childhood memories of surviving the London Blitz and attempts by her step-father Ted Andrews to molest her, the book overall presents a happy vision of Andrews' childhood. She has said in an interview that",
"psg_id": "12239232"
},
{
"title": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century – Alfred Brendel III",
"text": "is fascinating to hear what he makes of this music. This Chopin playing, even in one of the big polonaises, is too brusque and rhythmically unyielding, even as it is emotionally honest and bristling with energy.\" All tracks are reissues from Philips Classics Records unless otherwise noted. Great Pianists of the 20th Century – Alfred Brendel III Great Pianists of the 20th Century - Alfred Brendel III is volume 14 of the Great Pianists of the 20th Century box set and is the third of three volumes dedicated to him. It features music by the composers Felix Mendelssohn, Carl Maria",
"psg_id": "14011173"
},
{
"title": "Home: A Memoir of My Early Years",
"text": "titles on April 27, 2008. Home: A Memoir of My Early Years Home: A Memoir of My Early Years is a best-selling memoir written by Julie Andrews. It was published on April 1, 2008 by Hyperion. \"Home\" tells the story of Julie Andrews' life up until 1963, when she left England for Hollywood to shoot \"Mary Poppins\" and is intended as part one of a two-part memoir. While it includes dark childhood memories of surviving the London Blitz and attempts by her step-father Ted Andrews to molest her, the book overall presents a happy vision of Andrews' childhood. She has",
"psg_id": "12239234"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "Fame in the 20th Century Fame in the 20th Century is a 1993 BBC documentary television series and book by Clive James. The book and series examined the phenomenon of fame and how it expanded to international mass media proportions throughout the 20th century. The 8 episodes were divided in roughly 8 decades, from the 1900s to the 1980s. Each episode highlighted world-famous people during that part of the century. James delivered interesting and amusing comments about the portrayed celebrities and the various ways they became famous. In the United States, the series were broadcast on PBS, though some footage",
"psg_id": "12363885"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "and a range of Protestant traditions. The Order understands its charism to include not only ecumenical efforts and the traditional emphases of the Franciscans in general, but also to help to develop relationships between the various Franciscan orders. Liberal Christianity, sometimes called liberal theology, is an umbrella term covering diverse, philosophically-informed religious movements and moods within late-18th-, 19th- and 20th-century Christianity. The word \"liberal\" in liberal Christianity does not refer to a leftist \"political\" agenda or set of beliefs, but rather to the freedom of dialectic process associated with continental philosophy and other philosophical and religious paradigms developed during the",
"psg_id": "13413278"
},
{
"title": "Sociology of the history of science",
"text": "including a community open to and interested in empirical inquiry, and also more familiar with and more educated about the subject. In 1758, with the aid of his pupils, Lagrange established a society, which was subsequently incorporated as the Turin Academy. Much of what is considered the modern institution of science was formed during its professionalization in the 19th century. During this time the location of scientific research shifted primarily to universities, though to some extent it also became a standard component of industry as well. In the early years of the 20th century, especially after the role of science",
"psg_id": "4828667"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "of TV Is My Pacifier describes the song's importance to the plot in The Callback, \"For [Ivy and Karen's] audition, Derek choreographed a dance to “20th Century Fox Mambo,” and we focus mostly on Karen having a hard time with the choreography...When Friday’s final callback finally arrives, Ivy and Karen are both nervously waiting to go in and audition. When Tom and a few backup dancers go sit with Ivy to support her, Julia turns to Karen and offers her some supportive words. We [then] get to see the complete staged version of “20th Century Fox Mambo” performed by Karen.\"",
"psg_id": "17087992"
},
{
"title": "20th century",
"text": "were developed in the 20th century. In the first part of the 20th century, measure theory, functional analysis, and topology were established, and significant developments were made in fields such as abstract algebra and probability. The development of set theory and formal logic led to Gödel's incompleteness theorems. Later in the 20th century, the development of computers led to the establishment of a theory of computation. Other computationally-intense results include the study of fractals and a proof of the four color theorem in 1976. One of the prominent traits of the 20th century was the dramatic growth of technology. Organized",
"psg_id": "469571"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "so. Fertility rates and consequently live birth rates declined over the century, while age-adjusted death rates fell more dramatically. Children in 1999 were 10 times less likely to die than children in 1900. For adults 24–65, death rates have been halved. The death rate for Americans aged 65 to 74 fell from nearly 7% per year to fewer than 2% per year. The introduction of vaccines for several diseases led to reduced mortality from them. Again developed countries felt the greatest benefit. In the 20th century, vaccines became available for many diseases which caused deaths: diphtheria, pertussis, tuberculosis, tetanus, yellow",
"psg_id": "469578"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Christianity in the 20th century Christianity in the 20th century was characterized by an accelerating secularization of Western society, which had begun in the 19th century, and by the spread of Christianity to non-Western regions of the world. Christian ecumenism grew in importance, beginning at the Edinburgh Missionary Conference in 1910, and accelerated after the Second Vatican Council of the Catholic Church, The Liturgical Movement became significant in both Catholic and Protestant Christianity, especially in Anglicanism. At the same time, state-promoted atheism in communist Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union brought persecution to many Eastern Orthodox and other Christians. Many",
"psg_id": "13413257"
},
{
"title": "CAF Clubs of the 20th Century",
"text": "CAF Clubs of the 20th Century On 31 December 2000 the Confederation of African Football (CAF) has published a ranking with the most successful clubs of the 20th century in the African continent (CAF African Club of the Century). The ranking was calculated by the exclusively on the basis of performance by African teams throughout their participation in CAF club competitions (from the quarter-finals to final) from 1964 to 2000. Clubs' performance from the Group Stage of the Champions League, international competition run by CAF since 1997, have been included. Regional competitions organized by football associations members to the organization",
"psg_id": "13833076"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "return of Jesus Christ. The movement divided over these and other factors over time into those now known as Fundamentalists, retaining its name, and those known as Evangelicals, retaining its original concerns. In the early 20th century when the Anglo-Catholic Movement was at its height, the Anglican Communion had hundreds of orders and communities. However, since the 1960s there has been a sharp falling off in the numbers of religious in many parts of the Anglican Communion, most notably in the United Kingdom and the United States. Many once large and international communities have been reduced to a single convent",
"psg_id": "13413281"
},
{
"title": "Elijah C. Hutchinson",
"text": "Elijah C. Hutchinson Elijah Cubberley Hutchinson (August 7, 1855, Windsor, New Jersey – June 25, 1932, Trenton, New Jersey) was an American Republican Party politician who represented from 1915 to 1923. Hutchinson was born in the Windsor section of what is now Robbinsville Township, New Jersey on August 7, 1855. He attended the public schools and Riders Business College in Trenton, New Jersey. He became a merchant miller in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, New Jersey and was interested in banking and in the manufacture of fertilizer. He served as township clerk for three years. Hutchinson was a member of the",
"psg_id": "10584364"
},
{
"title": "20th-century music",
"text": "20th-century music During the 20th century there was a huge increase in the variety of music that people had access to. Prior to the invention of mass market gramophone records (developed in 1892) and radio broadcasting (first commercially done ca. 1919–20), people mainly listened to music at live Classical music concerts or musical theatre shows, which were too expensive for many lower-income people; on early phonograph players (a technology invented in 1877 which was not mass-marketed until the mid-1890s); or by individuals performing music or singing songs on an amateur basis at home, using sheet music, which required the ability",
"psg_id": "3818854"
},
{
"title": "20th-century music",
"text": "had earlier been called race music, and country music. See also rock musical and rock opera. 20th-century music During the 20th century there was a huge increase in the variety of music that people had access to. Prior to the invention of mass market gramophone records (developed in 1892) and radio broadcasting (first commercially done ca. 1919–20), people mainly listened to music at live Classical music concerts or musical theatre shows, which were too expensive for many lower-income people; on early phonograph players (a technology invented in 1877 which was not mass-marketed until the mid-1890s); or by individuals performing music",
"psg_id": "3818885"
},
{
"title": "March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Hutchinson Road",
"text": "remained a major regional through route, with improvements made in both the 19th and 20th centuries, until the new alignment of US 6 bypassed it. The area's landscape continues to retain an appearance reminiscent of the 1780s. March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Hutchinson Road The March Route of Rochambeau's Army: Hutchinson Road is a historic road section in Andover, Connecticut. The section of Hutchinson Road, laid out in the early 18th century and formerly an alignment of United States Route 6, formed part of the 1781-82 march routes of Rochambeau's army which contributed to American victory in the American Revolutionary",
"psg_id": "14749088"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "The crude death rate represents the total number of deaths per year per thousand people. Comparatively, the crude death rate in the year 1900 was 17.2 deaths/1,000 population and 9.6 deaths/1,000 population in 1950 in America. CIA – The World Fact Book Throughout the 20th century in the developed world, the leading causes of death transitioned from infectious diseases such as influenza, to degenerative diseases such as cancer or diabetes. In 1900, the leading cause of death in the United States was influenza with 202.2 deaths per 100,000 people followed by tuberculosis with 194.4, which is a curable illness today.",
"psg_id": "469574"
},
{
"title": "Destruction of country houses in 20th-century Britain",
"text": "dependent on staff and a large income began by necessity to dispose of their costly non-self sustaining material assets. Large houses had become redundant white elephants to be abandoned or demolished. It seemed that in particular regard to the country houses no one was prepared to save them. There are several reasons which had brought about this situation – most significantly in the early 20th century there was no firmly upheld legislation to protect what is now considered to be the nation's heritage. Additionally, public opinion did not have the sentiment and interest in national heritage that is evident in",
"psg_id": "14677521"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "in September 2011. The housing complex's management indicated \"the tile was installed before WWII when the building was built in 1924, noting it had never received a complaint before.\" A local news report in April 2016 prompted Catholic Church officials to immediately remove four swastika tiles from the Rockville Centre, New York Cathedral. The church was constructed in the early 1930s. The tiles had gone unnoticed for more than 80 years in a little used church alcove. Swastika tiles in a courthouse floor in El Dorado Arkansas became controversial in late 2016 after a former city council member complained. The",
"psg_id": "9319193"
},
{
"title": "20th-century classical music",
"text": "music.) Arnold Schoenberg is one of the most significant figures in 20th-century music. While his early works were in a late Romantic style influenced by Wagner (\"Verklärte Nacht\", 1899), this evolved into an atonal idiom in the years before the First World War (\"Drei Klavierstücke\" in 1909 and \"Pierrot Lunaire\" in 1912). In 1921, after several years of research, he developed the twelve-tone technique of composition, which he first described privately to his associates in 1923 . His first large-scale work entirely composed using this technique was the Wind Quintet, Op. 26, written in 1923–24. Later examples include the Variations",
"psg_id": "2169647"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "to die while giving birth compared to white women. Towards the end of the 20th century, black women are three times as likely to die while giving birth. This disparity is often cited as a lack in stronger Health care in the United States. Death rates in the 20th century Death Rates in the 20th century is the ratio of deaths compared to the population around the world throughout the 20th century. When giving these ratios, they are most commonly expressed by number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Many factors contribute to death rates such as cause of",
"psg_id": "469581"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "fever, polio, measles, hepatitis among others. However, war, genocide and Holocausts have led to many millions of deaths throughout the century, and late in the century AIDS had already killed millions, particularly in Africa and south-east Asia. Cancer also killed millions via lifestyle and pollution generated by increased work in factories. During the 20th century, an enormous improvement in public health led to an overall decrease in death rates. Infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates have dramatically decreased. In the early 1900s, 6-9 women died in pregnancy-related complications for every 1,000 births, while 100 infants died before they were",
"psg_id": "469579"
},
{
"title": "Galicia in the 20th century",
"text": "described by Méndez Ferrín) and the Galician Socialist Party (PSG, with X.M.Beiras and García Bodaño) was formed. Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\")",
"psg_id": "8477605"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Upon greeting John Paul II, the Romanian Patriarch Teoctist stated: \"The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity.\" Pope John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as Ukraine, despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that healing the divisions between Western and Eastern Christianity was one of his fondest wishes. Christianity in the 20th century Christianity in the 20th century was characterized by an accelerating secularization of Western society, which had begun in",
"psg_id": "13413303"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "In the middle of 20th century America, the leading cause of death was heart disease with an impressive 355.5 deaths per 100,000 followed by cancer at 139.8 deaths per 100,000. Although death rates dropped significantly in the latter part of the 20th century, the leading killers are still constant. The United States saw 192.9 people per 100,000 die from heart disease in 2010 followed by cancer with 185.9 people per 100,000. The world population in the 20th century experienced a large amount of death due to two major world wars. World War II was responsible for the most war related",
"psg_id": "469575"
},
{
"title": "20th century in literature",
"text": "fiction fluctuate between the two. Largely ignored by mainstream literary criticism for the most of the century, these genres developed their own establishments and critical awards; these include the \"Nebula Award\" (since 1965), the \"British Fantasy Award\" (since 1971) or the \"Mythopoeic Awards\" (since 1971). Towards the end of the 20th century, electronic literature developed due to the development of hypertext and later the world wide web. The Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded annually throughout the century (with the exception of 1914, 1918, 1935 and 1940–1943), the first laureate (1901) being Sully Prudhomme. The New York Times Best Seller",
"psg_id": "9884805"
},
{
"title": "Blisters in the Pit of My Heart",
"text": "as well as paraphrasing lyrics from a Billy Bragg song. \"St Paul’s (Westerberg Comprehensive)\" is about 'queer students at catholic school' and the title of which references both Paul Westerberg and Heathers. The lyrics also reference Bastards of Young, a song by Westerberg's band The Replacements. Blisters in the Pit of My Heart Blisters in the Pit of My Heart is the second studio album by English band Martha. It was released in July 2016 by Fortuna Pop! in the UK/EU and Dirtnap Records in the US. Lead single \"Goldman's Detective Agency\" 'reimagines early 20th century anarchist Emma Goldman as",
"psg_id": "19714041"
},
{
"title": "Blisters in the Pit of My Heart",
"text": "Blisters in the Pit of My Heart Blisters in the Pit of My Heart is the second studio album by English band Martha. It was released in July 2016 by Fortuna Pop! in the UK/EU and Dirtnap Records in the US. Lead single \"Goldman's Detective Agency\" 'reimagines early 20th century anarchist Emma Goldman as a private investigator'. In \"Ice Cream And Sunscreen\" the line \"December boy you got it wrong\" is a reference to the refrain of September Gurls by Big Star, \"December boy's got it bad\". \"Curly & Raquel\" references two characters from the British soap opera Coronation Street",
"psg_id": "19714040"
},
{
"title": "Galicia in the 20th century",
"text": "Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\") began to appear to promote the Galician language. When they began to expand, the political idea of",
"psg_id": "8477601"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "the beginning years of the 20th century, for young Croatian artists studying in Munich and Vienna, bringing back the ideas of the new Secessionist movements. Impressionism and post-Impressionism ideas spreading from Paris would also influence the new generation of artists. In sculpture and in painting, new ideas of individual artistic expression were taking hold, leading to a new direction of art in Croatia. The Academy of Fine Arts in Zagreb was established in 1907, teaching a new generation of Croatian artists modern techniques and ideas. Munich Circle (\"Münchenski krug\") is the term given by art historians to a group of",
"psg_id": "10595519"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century",
"text": "The 20th Century The Twentieth Century was a documentary television program sponsored by the Prudential Insurance Company that ran on the CBS network from 20 October 1957 until 4 January 1970. It was hosted by Walter Cronkite. The opening and closing theme music was written by composer George Antheil. The program presented filmed reports on news and cultural events that were important for the development of the 20th century. The show did not just present the events, but also interpreted them. Such subjects as World War I and major assassinations were presented in context. On 20 January 1967, the show,",
"psg_id": "2903157"
},
{
"title": "Lost Animals of the 20th Century",
"text": "such is unavailable, the live materials feature existing species that share the closest characteristics with the extinct animal. Although the show specifically deals with animals that have become extinct, there was one episode that featured the theme of animals which were thought to be extinct, but have been rediscovered. Such has also been the case of some previously featured animals in the show, as scientists have eventually rediscovered extant populations or are attempting to revive species through selective breeding/cloning. Among the animals featured are: Lost Animals of the 20th Century Lost Animals of the 20th Century is a 16-episode documentary",
"psg_id": "7973683"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael Jackson",
"text": "Sony and Motown/Universal since Jackson's death in June 2009. Stephen Thomas Erlewine said the album \"doesn't contain every single one of his early solo hits, but it does contain the great majority of them, which means it might satisfy the tastes of many listeners who just want a sampling of the best of this era\". 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael Jackson 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Michael Jackson is a compilation album by American recording artist Michael Jackson. It was released on November 21, 2000 by Motown Records. It",
"psg_id": "16330529"
},
{
"title": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century",
"text": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century Handsome Boys of the 20th Century () is a South Korean variety-reality show which aired on the cable channel QTV (). It began airing on April 16, 2013 and ran for two seasons with a total of 29 episodes. The show features five members from four disbanded or inactive \"\" K-pop idol groups, which debuted during the 1990s: H.O.T. (1996–2001), Sechs Kies (1997–2000; 2016–Present), NRG (1997–2006; 2017–Present) and g.o.d (1999–Present). H.O.T. is acknowledged to be the first ever highly successful K-pop idol group and was largely rivaled by Sechs Kies. NRG was a pioneer",
"psg_id": "20371717"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "Eccles Federal Reserve Board Building in Washington D.C. on Constitution Avenue between 20th and 21st Streets. The building was designed by Paul Philippe Cret and completed in 1937. Cret fought against Germany during World War I while serving in the French army. The Reno, Nevada Post Office features both left and right facing swastikas, along with other designs typical of \"Zig Zag Moderne\" style, later known as a variation of \"Art Deco\". It was designed in 1932 by Frederic Joseph DeLongchamps, who had previously served as the Nevada State Architect. The building was financed in part by the federal Civil",
"psg_id": "9319147"
},
{
"title": "Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century",
"text": "Blood-Horse magazine List of the Top 100 U.S. Racehorses of the 20th Century In 1999, \"The Blood-Horse\" magazine assembled a seven-person panel of distinguished horse racing people: Keeneland racing secretary Howard Battle, Maryland Jockey Club vice president Lenny Hale, \"Daily Racing Form\" columnist Jay Hovdey, \"Sports Illustrated\" senior writer William Nack, California senior steward Pete Pedersen, \"Louisville Courier-Journal\" racing writer Jennie Rees and Gulfstream Park steward Tommy Trotter. Each of the experts compiled a list of what they considered to be the top 100 Thoroughbred racehorses of the 20th century, which was then combined into a master list. The list",
"psg_id": "8524961"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire is a compilation of songs from Reba McEntire's two Christmas albums (\"Merry Christmas to You\" and \"\") for release in 2003 on a \"20th Century Masters\" Christmas collection. No new material was recorded for the compilation. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire\" received three out of five stars from William Ruhlmann of Allmusic. In his review, Ruhlmann describes McEntire's versions of \"Silent Night\" and \"Up on the Housetop\" as \"appropriately reverent,\"",
"psg_id": "8922036"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "left-facing swastika or Thunder Cross dates back to Bronze Age. It is widely seen scratched on the surfaces like rocks, weapons and pottery as a protector sign. To avoid diplomatic embarrassment, Latvian officials were asked by NATO not to put swastikas on mittens and other gifts to delegates at a summit in the country in 2006. The iron balconies of the building facing Veiten in Bergen are also decorated with swastikas. One may think they date back from the war, as they face the old Gestapo headquarters in Bergen, but they are actually twenty years older. Since the early Middle",
"psg_id": "9319139"
},
{
"title": "20th-century lyric poetry",
"text": "20th-century lyric poetry In the early years of the 20th century, rhymed lyric poetry, usually expressing the feelings of the poet, was the dominant poetic form in America, Europe and the British colonies. The relevance and acceptability of the lyric in the modern age was, though, called into question by modernism, the growing mechanization of human experience and the harsh realities of war. After the Second World War the form was again championed by the New Criticism, and in the late 20th century lyric once again became a mainstream poetic form. The dominance of lyric was challenged by American experimental",
"psg_id": "13587735"
},
{
"title": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States",
"text": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by a period of continuous growth for the Church in the United States, with Catholics progressively evolving from a small minority to a large minority. In 1900 the Catholic population was 10 million, under the control of 14 Archbishops, 77 bishops, and 12,000 priests . The community had built 10,000 churches, of which two-thirds had resident pastors. Catholic schools educated nearly 1,000,000 children and youth. Catholics were heavily concentrated in the industrial and mining centers of the",
"psg_id": "13887774"
},
{
"title": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States",
"text": "greater frequency. 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by a period of continuous growth for the Church in the United States, with Catholics progressively evolving from a small minority to a large minority. In 1900 the Catholic population was 10 million, under the control of 14 Archbishops, 77 bishops, and 12,000 priests . The community had built 10,000 churches, of which two-thirds had resident pastors. Catholic schools educated nearly 1,000,000 children and youth. Catholics were heavily concentrated in the industrial and mining centers",
"psg_id": "13887801"
},
{
"title": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century",
"text": "\"DSP Festival\" concert in December would also feature disbanded first-generation groups Sechs Kies and Click-B alongside current artists. Rumors also began circulating that HOTSechgodRG's respective idol groups would be reuniting; g.o.d came out of hiatus in May 2014 while Sechs Kies, pioneering girl group S.E.S. and NRG all reunited between 2016 and 2017. Handsome Boys of the 20th Century Handsome Boys of the 20th Century () is a South Korean variety-reality show which aired on the cable channel QTV (). It began airing on April 16, 2013 and ran for two seasons with a total of 29 episodes. The show",
"psg_id": "20371723"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "future. Croatian art of the 20th century Croatian art of the 20th century, that is visual arts within the boundaries of today's Croatia, can be divided into modern art up to the Second World War, and contemporary art afterwards. Modern art in Croatia began with the Secession ideas spreading from Vienna and Munich, and post-Impressionism from Paris. Young artists would study the latest trends and integrate them into their own work. Many strove to bring a native cultural identity into their art, for example themes of national history and legends, and some of the artwork following the First World War",
"psg_id": "10595552"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "Croatian art of the 20th century Croatian art of the 20th century, that is visual arts within the boundaries of today's Croatia, can be divided into modern art up to the Second World War, and contemporary art afterwards. Modern art in Croatia began with the Secession ideas spreading from Vienna and Munich, and post-Impressionism from Paris. Young artists would study the latest trends and integrate them into their own work. Many strove to bring a native cultural identity into their art, for example themes of national history and legends, and some of the artwork following the First World War contained",
"psg_id": "10595515"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "Death rates in the 20th century Death Rates in the 20th century is the ratio of deaths compared to the population around the world throughout the 20th century. When giving these ratios, they are most commonly expressed by number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Many factors contribute to death rates such as cause of death, increasing the death rate, an aging population, which could increase and decrease the death rates by birth rates, and improvements in public health, decreasing the death rate. According to the CIA World Factbook, , the global crude death rate is 7.99 deaths/1,000 population.",
"psg_id": "469573"
}
] | [
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"who said, ""my whole life has been one of rejection. women. dogs. comic strips.""" | [
{
"title": "Skippy (comic strip)",
"text": "Fair\", humorist Corey Ford described it as \"America's most important contribution to humor of the century\", while comics historian John A. Lent wrote, \"The first half-century of the comics spawned many kid strips, but only one could be elevated to the status of classic... which innovated a number of sophisticated and refined touches used later by Charles Schulz and Bill Watterson...\" Comics artist Jerry Robinson said, \"Skippy\" started in 1923 as a cartoon in \"Life\" and became a syndicated comic strip two years later through King Features Syndicate. Creator Crosby retained the copyright, a rarity for comic strip artists of",
"psg_id": "5970708"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "is heavily faithful to the original comic strip story, while it features some elements from other comic strip stories and adds several characters who didn't appear in the original story to the film such as Little My and Snufkin. Moomin comic strips Moomin ( or '; ) is a comic strip created by Tove Jansson, and followed up by Lars Jansson, featuring their Moomin family of characters. The first comic strip, entitled \"Mumintrollet och jordens undergång\" (\"Moomintroll and The End of The World\") was a short-lived project for the children's section of the Finland-Swedish leftist newspaper \"Ny Tid\". It was",
"psg_id": "11295848"
},
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "Moomin comic strips Moomin ( or '; ) is a comic strip created by Tove Jansson, and followed up by Lars Jansson, featuring their Moomin family of characters. The first comic strip, entitled \"Mumintrollet och jordens undergång\" (\"Moomintroll and The End of The World\") was a short-lived project for the children's section of the Finland-Swedish leftist newspaper \"Ny Tid\". It was written between 1947 and 1948, at the request of the editor, a friend of Jansson's, Atos Wirtanen. The series was published with two new strips weekly, and was mainly an adaptation of \"Comet in Moominland\". The series has been",
"psg_id": "11295839"
},
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "\"Mumintrollet och jordens undergång\" in the Finland-Swedish \"Ny Tid\" newspaper in 1947, which was loosely based on her book \"Comet in Moominland\". The comic strip attracted strong criticism from the left-wing readers of the newspaper, who thought the Moomins were too bourgeois, and the newspaper did not order any more comic strips from Jansson. After Sutton's offer, Jansson made a seven-year contract to draw Moomin comic strips in June 1952. Before the comic was published, Jansson developed the strip together with the comic press of Associated Newspapers, and particularly Charles Sutton guided the artist in great detail. For a time,",
"psg_id": "11295843"
},
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "titles and storylines. The comic strips are currently being republished in a set of hardback books, in original publication order, by Canadian publisher Drawn and Quarterly. The first 5 volumes collect the Tove and Tove/Lars strips, and are titled \"Moomin: The Complete Tove Jansson Comic Strip\". The 6th and subsequent volumes collects Lars' strips, and are titled \"Moomin: The Complete Lars Jansson Comic Strip\". The \"Moomin\" (1990) anime series featured several episodes, which are loose adaptations based on comic strip stories, while several characters from comic strips are featured in the anime series as well. The second season, known as",
"psg_id": "11295846"
},
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "\"Puupää-hattu\" award in 1980. In the 1990s, a comic book version of Moomin was produced in Scandinavia after Dennis Livson and Lars Jansson's \"Moomin\" animated series was shown on television. The Janssons had no involvement in these comic books. However, in the wake of the comic books success, two new Moomin comic strips were launched under the artistic and content oversight of Lars and his daughter, Sophia Jansson-Zambra. Sophia now provides sole oversight for the strips. The original comic strip stories made by Tove Jansson and Lars Jansson has had adaptations including \"Moomin\" (1990) anime series and the 2014 animated",
"psg_id": "11295841"
},
{
"title": "Fourth Doctor comic strips",
"text": "Fourth Doctor's comic strip adventures have gone through the most reprints and his early DWM strips are widely regarded as among the best. Fourth Doctor comic strips Fourth Doctor comic stories is a collection of the offscreen and comic adventures of the fourth incarnation of The Doctor, the protagonist of the long-running, hit sc-fi series, Doctor Who. When Doctor Who Magazine began publishing in 1978, the Fourth Doctor (played by Tom Baker) was the current Doctor on television. Doctor Who Magazine took over an ongoing regular comic strip presence of the Doctor's adventures from TV Comic. Central to the concept",
"psg_id": "17000675"
},
{
"title": "My Whole Life Is Thunder",
"text": "to sing\" and \"there is a surreal tone to the series that helps it to stand out in a sea of generic and formulaic offerings.\" Amy Amatangelo of \"Paste\" magazine gave the episode an 8.9 out of 10, describing it as \"the perfect Jenna venue\" and highly praised the final appearance of Elaine Stritch as Colleen Donaghy, commenting \"Stritch has been a wonderful recurring character on the show, and Colleen deserved this bittersweet final goodbye.\" My Whole Life Is Thunder \"My Whole Life Is Thunder\" is the eighth episode of the seventh season of the American television comedy series \"30",
"psg_id": "16944641"
},
{
"title": "New York World comic strips",
"text": "New York World comic strips The New York World was one of the first newspapers to publish comic strips, starting around 1890, and contributed greatly to the development of the American comic strip. Notable strips that originated with the \"World\" included Richard F. Outcault's \"Hogan's Alley\", Rudolph Dirks' \"The Captain and the Kids\", Denys Wortman's \"Everyday Movies\", \"Fritzi Ritz\", Gus Mager's \"Hawkshaw the Detective\", Victor Forsythe's \"Joe Jinks\", and Robert Moore Brinkerhoff's \"Little Mary Mixup\". Under the names World Feature Service and New York World Press Publishing the company also syndicated comic strips to other newspapers around the country from",
"psg_id": "20976102"
},
{
"title": "New York World comic strips",
"text": "New York World comic strips The New York World was one of the first newspapers to publish comic strips, starting around 1890, and contributed greatly to the development of the American comic strip. Notable strips that originated with the \"World\" included Richard F. Outcault's \"Hogan's Alley\", Rudolph Dirks' \"The Captain and the Kids\", Denys Wortman's \"Everyday Movies\", \"Fritzi Ritz\", Gus Mager's \"Hawkshaw the Detective\", Victor Forsythe's \"Joe Jinks\", and Robert Moore Brinkerhoff's \"Little Mary Mixup\". Under the names World Feature Service and New York World Press Publishing the company also syndicated comic strips to other newspapers around the country from",
"psg_id": "20976094"
},
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "film based on \"Moomin on the Riviera\" comic strip story. The comic strip was born, when Charles Sutton, the leader of the Associated Newspapers syndicate contacted Tove Jansson. Jannson's first Moomin books \"Comet in Moominland\" (1946) and \"Finn Family Moomintroll\" (1948) had already been translated to English and had been successful in the United Kingdom. In a letter to Jansson in January 1952, Sutton asked if she was willing to transfer the Moomins to comic strip format: At the time, Tove Jansson had already had experience in drawing Moomin comic strips. She had already published a long comic strip story",
"psg_id": "11295842"
},
{
"title": "In Prison My Whole Life",
"text": "subsequently released by the festival in more than 20 towns. At the 2009 International Festival of Cinema on Human Rights in Paris, \"In Prison My Whole Life\" won the Student Award and the Planet Award. The film was released nationwide in France on 23 November 2011. The film has a 38% \"Rotten\" rating on Rotten Tomatoes. In a 2/5 star review, Time Out critic Tom Huddleston said of the film, \"Sadly, \"My Little Eye\" director Marc Evans’s doc is only tangentially about Jamal – instead, he chooses to focus on William Francome. [...] Francome is an uninteresting central figure, unconnected",
"psg_id": "13523445"
},
{
"title": "Fourth Doctor comic strips",
"text": "Fourth Doctor comic strips Fourth Doctor comic stories is a collection of the offscreen and comic adventures of the fourth incarnation of The Doctor, the protagonist of the long-running, hit sc-fi series, Doctor Who. When Doctor Who Magazine began publishing in 1978, the Fourth Doctor (played by Tom Baker) was the current Doctor on television. Doctor Who Magazine took over an ongoing regular comic strip presence of the Doctor's adventures from TV Comic. Central to the concept of Doctor Who Magazine (or Doctor Who Weekly as it was then), was to offer more mature comic strip adventures than had previously",
"psg_id": "17000673"
},
{
"title": "In Prison My Whole Life",
"text": "In Prison My Whole Life In Prison My Whole Life is a 2007 documentary film about American journalist and prisoner Mumia Abu-Jamal, directed by Marc Evans, and written by Evans and William Francome. Others involved with the project were Angela Davis, Anthony Arnove, Dead Prez, Howard Zinn, Mos Def, Noam Chomsky, Robert Meeropol, Russell Simmons, Snoop Dogg and Steve Earle. The film's executive producer is Colin Firth. The film explores the life of imprisoned journalist and political activist Mumia Abu-Jamal, and his years on death row. The title refers to Abu-Jamal having been arrested and jailed in December 1981, on",
"psg_id": "13523447"
},
{
"title": "In Prison My Whole Life",
"text": "In Prison My Whole Life In Prison My Whole Life is a 2007 documentary film about American journalist and prisoner Mumia Abu-Jamal, directed by Marc Evans, and written by Evans and William Francome. Others involved with the project were Angela Davis, Anthony Arnove, Dead Prez, Howard Zinn, Mos Def, Noam Chomsky, Robert Meeropol, Russell Simmons, Snoop Dogg and Steve Earle. The film's executive producer is Colin Firth. The film explores the life of imprisoned journalist and political activist Mumia Abu-Jamal, and his years on death row. The title refers to Abu-Jamal having been arrested and jailed in December 1981, on",
"psg_id": "13523443"
},
{
"title": "Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels",
"text": "Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels This is a list of Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels. Cameo appearances and reprints are only covered if notable. \"The Dalek Book\" (1964) Writers: David Whitaker, Terry Nation. Artist: A.B. Cornwell, Richard Jennings, John Woods. Panther Books Ltd. / Souvenir Press Ltd. Hardcover, 96 pages. Six comic strips, four illustrated text stories, one photo story and seven features. One of the earliest items of Dalek merchandise. The photo story utilises selected stills from the 1963–64 \"Doctor Who\" serial, \"The Daleks\", to relate an original account of an unaccompanied Susan",
"psg_id": "13544678"
},
{
"title": "My Whole Life Is Thunder",
"text": "My Whole Life Is Thunder \"My Whole Life Is Thunder\" is the eighth episode of the seventh season of the American television comedy series \"30 Rock\", and the 133rd overall episode of the series. It was directed by Linda Mendoza and written by Jack Burditt and Colleen McGuinness. The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) network in the United States on December 6, 2012. The episode received a positive critical response and was watched by 3.22 million viewers. Jenna is incensed that Liz's unexpected wedding the day before has upstaged her plans for a surprise wedding to",
"psg_id": "16944636"
},
{
"title": "Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels",
"text": "\"Doctor Who Weekly\" becoming a monthly publication from September 1980. Several title variations were used before \"Doctor Who Magazine\" was finally settled upon in 1985. Comic strips were retained as a regular feature, with the Daleks making an appearance at irregular intervals. One story / four instalments. 2008. GE Fabbri. The story features the first comic strip appearance of the New Series Dalek design, as seen in the \"Doctor Who\" television programme from 2005 onward. Each instalment of the story was published with a separate title. Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels This is a list of Dalek",
"psg_id": "13544689"
},
{
"title": "Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels",
"text": "Publishing Co. Inc. Softcover, 31 pages. \"The Dalek Outer Space Book\" (1966) Writers: Terry Nation, Brad Ashton. Artists: Richard Jennings, Leslie Waller, John Woods, Art Sansom. Panther Books Ltd. / Souvenir Press Ltd. Hardcover, 96 pages. Seven comic strips, four illustrated text stories and eleven features. Two of the comic strips and one of the text stories are completely Dalek unrelated, whilst in a third comic strip the Daleks are mentioned but not seen. TV Comic Annual 1968 Writers: Various. Artists: Various. TV Publications Ltd. Hardcover, 96 pages. The included \"Doctor Who\" comic strip is notable for the artist's depiction",
"psg_id": "13544680"
},
{
"title": "BONZZO (comic strip)",
"text": "Cart”, “Big Comic Strips BONZZO Exposition Promo Life-Size Stand”, “The Art of BONZZO BONZZO Book Case”, and “100% The Art of Comic Strips BONZZO Gift Box”. “To me, it has been a very pleasant surprise and a great honor to be recognized with four American Package Design Awards 2012 from the prestigious Graphic Design USA,” said Rivas, creator of the comic book BONZZO, which has been published by several media on the Island and the United States. The four designs created by Rivas, were selected from more than 1,600 competitors from across the United States mainland and elsewhere and its",
"psg_id": "16750876"
},
{
"title": "In Prison My Whole Life",
"text": "to the case or the history of civil rights, to which the pair present a sort of Idiot’s Guide midway through. But Evans keeps him front and centre throughout [...] making ‘In Prison My Whole Life’ just another self-absorbed agit-prop documentary.\" Jay Weissberg of \"Variety\" called it an \"unfocused, oddly naive\" film, and said that the editing \"is overly dependent on computer tricks, and use of verbal loops to reinforce lines treats the audience like idiots.\" By contrast, \"Le Monde\" said the film was \"exciting\", the editing being a \"deliberated melting-pot\", resulting in an overall \"captivating portrait of Mumia Abu-Jamal\".",
"psg_id": "13523446"
},
{
"title": "Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels",
"text": "Uncredited. World Distributors (Manchester), Ltd. Hardcover, 62 pages. Two comic strips, four illustrated text stories and fourteen features. Dalek Annual 1977 Writers: Uncredited. Artists: Uncredited. World Distributors (Manchester), Ltd. Hardcover, 78 pages. Three comic strips, three illustrated text stories and eighteen features. The comic strips are re-prints of the TV Century 21 Dalek stories \"The Penta Ray Factor\", \"The Menace of the Monstrons\" and \"The Archives of Phryne\", renamed in two instances. Dalek Annual 1978 Writers: Uncredited. Artists: Uncredited. World Distributors (Manchester), Ltd. Hardcover, 62 pages. One comic strip, three illustrated text stories and sixteen features. The comic strip is",
"psg_id": "13544682"
},
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "reprinted in book form under the name \"Jorden går under\" (\"The World is Ending\") by the newspaper. The main series of Moomin comic strips were made directly for the British market: they were spread by the British Associated Newspapers comic strip syndicate and the original publisher was the \"Evening News\" newspaper. The series originally appeared in newspapers from 1954 to 1975. At its peak, \"Moomin\" appeared in over 40 countries and about 120 papers, with over 20 million readers daily, making it the most successful Finnish comic strip ever published. Tove and Lars Jansson received the Finnish Comic Strip Association's",
"psg_id": "11295840"
},
{
"title": "New York World comic strips",
"text": "ended in December 1897. After \"Hogan's Alley\", the \"World\" published a number of comic strips from the late 1890s until the paper's 1931 demise. The prolific cartoonist C. W. Kahles was responsible for numerous comic strips for the \"World\". He is credited as the pioneer of daily comic strip continuity with his \"Clarence the Cop\", which he drew for the \"World\" beginning in the latter 1890s. It introduced to newspapers the innovation of continuing a comic strip story in a day-to-day serial format, and is also considered to be the first police strip. Kahles' \"Sandy Highflyer, the Airship Man\" (1902–1904)",
"psg_id": "20976097"
},
{
"title": "New York World comic strips",
"text": "the first comic strips to depict the lives of the typical American family. Gene Carr and Milt Gross were also notable for the number of their comic strips published and distributed by the \"World\". Beginning in about 1905, the company began syndicating strips to other newspapers under the name World Feature Service; in circa 1910 it added the syndication division New York World Press Publishing (also known as Press Publishing Co.). Many notable cartoonists were on staff at various times at the paper, including Charles W. Saalburg, V. Floyd Campbell, Richard F. Outcault, Walt McDougall, George Herriman, Harry Grant Dart,",
"psg_id": "20976099"
},
{
"title": "BONZZO (comic strip)",
"text": "manager at the Marshall Center. “He has contributed much to the quality of life in our community and, in particular, the Hispanic community at Marshall.” NASA celebrated last year's \"Hispanic Heritage Month\" at the Kennedy Space Center with an exhibit of \"BONZZO\" comic strips. A life-sized BONZZO figure marched in the 2004 Puerto Rican Day Parade celebrated in New York City. On October 2011, BONZZO had its own website were you can see the beginnings and trajectory of this comic strip, informative capsules and daily comic strips. As H. J. Leonard said: \"He has had lunch with governors, but he",
"psg_id": "16750861"
},
{
"title": "New York World comic strips",
"text": "is considered the first aviation comic strip. The cartoonist and comics historian Ernest McGee called Kahles the \"hardest working cartoonist in history, having as many as eight Sunday comics running at one time (1905-1906) with no assistants to help him.\" Clare Victor Dwiggins joined the \"World\" in 1897. He created a wide variety of gag panels. In 1904, after winning $3,000 at the racetrack, cartoonist George McManus went to New York City and a job with the \"World\", where he worked on several short-lived comic strips. One of them, \"The Newlyweds\" (later renamed \"Their Only Child\") is considered one of",
"psg_id": "20976098"
},
{
"title": "My postillion has been struck by lightning",
"text": "My postillion has been struck by lightning \"My postillion has been struck by lightning\", \"Our postillion has been struck by lightning\", and other variations on the same pattern, are often given as examples of the ridiculous phrases supposed to have been found in phrase books or language instruction in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The word \"postillion\" may occur in its alternative spelling \"postilion\". Although various forms of the sentence are widely cited, the exact wording and the context in which it is said to have originally been used vary. For example, a teaching manual attributes it to a",
"psg_id": "12355500"
},
{
"title": "Where My Dogs At?",
"text": "ways; for example, many of the characters based on real celebrities have other voice actors impersonating their voices (such as Steve-O from Jackass and Wildboyz, who appeared in the third episode). The animation for the show was produced at 6 Point Harness. MTV and the show received angry responses from the African-American community for \"depicting black women squatting on all fours tethered to leashes and defecating on the floor\" in an episode depicting Snoop Dogg (\"Woofie Loves Snoop\"). Where My Dogs At? Where My Dogs At? is an animated television series created by Aaron Matthew Lee and Jeff Ross that",
"psg_id": "8080232"
},
{
"title": "Not My Life",
"text": "is happening in America\"; she said that there were 80,000 women being sexually assaulted daily and she called human trafficking the \"cannibalization of the planet's youth.\" According to UN.GIFT, before \"Not My Life\", there was \"no single communication tool that effectively depict[ed] the problem as a whole for a mass audience.\" Susan Bissell, UNICEF's Child Protection Section chief, agreed with this assertion, and said that the film \"takes a close look at the underlying causality that so many other filmmakers have missed [and] it will change the way we see our lives, in some very fundamental ways.\" She also said",
"psg_id": "17464957"
},
{
"title": "Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels",
"text": "a re-print of the \"TV Century 21\" Dalek story \"The Rogue Planet\". Dalek Annual 1979 Writers: Uncredited. Artists: Uncredited. World Distributors (Manchester), Ltd. Hardcover, 62 pages. Two comic strips, three illustrated text stories and sixteen features. Doctor Who Yearbook 1993 Writers: Justin Richards, John Nathan-Turner, Andrew Pixley, David J. Howe, Karen Dunn, Nigel Robinson, Paul Cornell, Terrance Dicks, Marc Platt, Colin Baker. Artists: Lee Sullivan, Paul Vyse. Marvel UK. Hardcover, 64 pages. One comic strip, one illustrated text story (in six parts) and twelve features. \"The Dalek Chronicles\" (1994) Writers: Alan Fennell, David Whitaker. Artists: Richard Jennings, Eric Eden, Ron",
"psg_id": "13544683"
},
{
"title": "Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life",
"text": "Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life is a documentary co-produced by Sky News and Sky Vision following the life of Nelson Mandela. It contains unique archive footage from Sky News and exclusive interviews with key figures from Mandelas life, including Desmond Tutu, F. W. De Klerk, and members of the ANC who fought with him and were imprisoned with him. Nelson Mandela has fought his whole life for justice, for his beloved homeland of South Africa and for the idea that all men and women are born equal, regardless of the colour of their",
"psg_id": "17731481"
},
{
"title": "My Life is a Lifetime Movie",
"text": "material. Common Sense Media said the movie has a tongue-in-cheeck tone at times. My Life is a Lifetime Movie My Life is a Lifetime Movie is an American reality television series that premiered on Lifetime on October 17, 2012. The series mashes together cinematic recreations along with first-hand details with women who relive their shocking life experiences. In a review in \"The Washington Post\", Emily Yahr said that the half-scripted, half-documentary hybrid format doesn't work and the show is delivering a mixed tone. Robert Owen of The \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" said the viewers will be disappointed by the series. A review",
"psg_id": "16833639"
},
{
"title": "Comic strip",
"text": "Will Eisner has suggested that \"sequential art\" would be a better genre-neutral name. In the UK and the rest of Europe, comic strips are also serialized in comic book magazines, with a strip's story sometimes continuing over three pages or more. Comic strips have appeared in American magazines such as \"Liberty\" and \"Boys' Life\" and also on the front covers of magazines, such as the \"Flossy Frills\" series on \"The American Weekly\" Sunday newspaper supplement. Storytelling using a sequence of pictures has existed through history. One medieval European example in textile form is the Bayeux Tapestry. Printed examples emerged in",
"psg_id": "70094"
},
{
"title": "My Whole Life Is Thunder",
"text": "allows as his mother would have hated it. Kenneth tells Tracy he is upset that girlfriend Hazel lost her job at TGS and then dumped him. Tracy tries to cheer him up by making life more like TV, where people never leave, including by bringing in old TV star Florence Henderson. When Tracy \"recasts\" the \"role\" of Hazel with a new woman, Kenneth realizes how much his friend cares for him. \"My Whole Life Is Thunder\" was watched by 3.22 million viewers and earned a 1.1 rating/3 share in the 18–49 demographic. This means that it was seen by 1.1",
"psg_id": "16944639"
},
{
"title": "Beggin' Strips",
"text": "Beggin' Strips Beggin’ Strips is a brand of pet food and pet snack manufactured by Nestlé Purina PetCare. The product was first manufactured by Ralston Purina. The product's tagline is \"Dogs Don't Know It's Not Bacon\", which appeared in U.S. television commercials in the 1990s. The product is manufactured to resemble bacon strips. Beggin' Strips were first sold in 1993. Nestlé Purina started off by selling this product in North America. It is marketed as being \"more healthy than table scraps.\" This is supported by Nestlé Purina PetCare, who offers various coupons and other savings for Beggin' Strips. Purina Beggin'",
"psg_id": "5813900"
},
{
"title": "Portrayal of women in American comics",
"text": "Portrayal of women in American comics The portrayal of Women in American comic books have often been the subject of controversy since the medium's beginning. Critics have noted the roles of women as both supporting characters and lead characters are substantially more subjected to gender stereotypes, with femininity and or sexual characteristics having a larger presence in their overall character. During the Golden Age of Comic Books (a time during which the medium evolved from comic strips) women who were not superheroes were primarily portrayed in secondary roles, with some examples being classified as career girls, romance-story heroines, or lively",
"psg_id": "9479385"
},
{
"title": "One Life Stand",
"text": "more or less comic. I don't feel more or less humorous in my day-to-day\" but stated that he could hear melancholy, of which he said was in \"almost everything\" he writes. He explained that he did not know why this was the case and said, \"I can't ever write a song that just sounds completely saccharin. Even if I'm singing about someone being my complete love life, I'm singing about my own inabilities to be as bright as that person.\" Like Taylor, Doyle said he felt that there was \"a certain vein of disquiet and melancholy that runs through the",
"psg_id": "13978959"
},
{
"title": "The dog ate my homework",
"text": "thus lend credibility to his use of the excuse backfire. Humorists have also punned on the phrase. A Sam Gross \"New Yorker\" cartoon from 1996 shows a Venetian classroom of several centuries ago where a standing student announces \"The Doge ate my homework.\" Comic strips that feature anthropomorphized dogs as characters have found the concept of those characters eating homework a source of humor. In one of his \"Far Side\" panels, Gary Larson depicted a classroom of dogs whose teacher asks, \"Did anyone here \"not\" eat his or her homework on the way to school?\" In a 1991 \"Dilbert\" strip,",
"psg_id": "16842971"
},
{
"title": "Shoe (comic strip)",
"text": "fictional locale of Treetops, East Virginia. During hunting season, \"hunting dogs\" (hounds with rifles, a visual pun on the sharp-sniffing canines that hunters use to track game) are occasionally featured. Shoe (comic strip) Shoe is an American comic strip about a motley crew of newspapermen, all of whom are birds. It was written and drawn by its creator, cartoonist Jeff MacNelly, from September 13, 1977 until his death in 2000. It has since been continued by Chris Cassatt, Gary Brookins and Susie MacNelly. While not politically oriented in the style of strips such as \"Doonesbury\", \"Shoe\" often pokes fun at",
"psg_id": "6257328"
},
{
"title": "My Life My Choice",
"text": "as effective solutions that have been implemented. During Episode 1, Blake Lively and Nicholas Kristof visit My Life My Choice to learn about the work they do and to investigate the sexual exploitation of young girls and women. Blake Lively during this documentary stated, \"The most powerful thing is for women not just to be the beneficiaries of the change, but to be agents of it ... My Life My Choice is such a powerful organization because it utilizes survivors\". Marie Claire - US Weekly - People Magazine - Elle Magazine - The Boston Globe - WGBH - 90.9 WBUR",
"psg_id": "19011152"
},
{
"title": "All My Life (Foo Fighters song)",
"text": "was really dissonant and noisy. The middle section sounded like \"Wipe Out\" [by the Surfaris<nowiki>]</nowiki>. It was just nuts! We recorded the instrumental and I had no idea how I was gonna sing it. Again, that was another one that our manager said, \"That's the song!\" And we said, \"Really? You think that's the one people will like?\" Grohl has said that the song is about how he enjoys performing oral sex on women. \"['All My Life'] is a little dirty. I'm very fond of giving oral sex to women. It's a pleasure-giving experience - giving someone something that they'll",
"psg_id": "5620774"
},
{
"title": "Not My Life",
"text": "Not My Life Not My Life is a 2011 American independent documentary film about human trafficking and contemporary slavery. The film was written, produced, and directed by Robert Bilheimer, who had been asked to make the film by Antonio Maria Costa, executive director of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Bilheimer planned \"Not My Life\" as the second installment in a trilogy, the first being \"A Closer Walk\" and the third being the unproduced \"Take Me Home\". The title \"Not My Life\" came from a June 2009 interview with Molly Melching, founder of Tostan, who said that many",
"psg_id": "17464911"
},
{
"title": "Moomin comic strips",
"text": "sequel anime series in Japan, has also several episodes based on the comic strip stories more rather than original novels made by Tove Jansson. Notably, few episodes featured time traveling with the time machine, that has accidentally created by Moominpapa. Both of seasons' episodes are directed by Hiroshi Saitô and Masayuki Kojima. The 2014 traditional animated comedy film directed by Xavier Picard and produced by Hanna Hemilä, is based on the \"Moomin on the Riviera\" comic strip story and has been first released on 10 October 2014 in Finland to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Tove Jansson's birth. The film",
"psg_id": "11295847"
},
{
"title": "Rejection slip",
"text": "Rejection slip A rejection slip is a notice to a freelancer, particularly a freelance author, that a submission has been taken from the slushpile, read or examined, and rejected for purchase. The format may range from a form letter with one or more boxes checked off, to a lengthy handwritten note explaining in detail why the piece is not being purchased, often inviting the freelancer to make further submissions. Due to the central role of rejection slips in the life of a freelancer, rejection slips play a large role in creative culture, being the subject of many cartoons, stories and",
"psg_id": "17911204"
},
{
"title": "Whole Lot of Shakin' in My Heart (Since I Met You)",
"text": "the change in him: <poem>\"The guys I used to run around with tell me I changed, and I'm acting kind of strange; But they don't realize, that since I met you, my whole life has been re-arranged.\"</poem> Song author Frank Wilson later co-wrote The Four Tops' 1970 hit \"Still Water (Love)\" with Robinson. He also went on to co-write The Temptations' 1967 Top 10 hit, \"All I Need.\" Whole Lot of Shakin' in My Heart (Since I Met You) \"Whole Lot Of Shakin' In My Heart (Since I Met You)\" is a 1966 R&B song by Motown Records group The",
"psg_id": "13191286"
},
{
"title": "My Whole Life Is Thunder",
"text": "percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 3 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This was a decrease from the previous episode \"Mazel Tov, Dummies!\" (3.61 million). \"My Whole Life Is Thunder\" received a highly positive response from critics. Pilot Viruet of \"The A.V. Club\" gave the episode an \"A-\" praising Jane Krakowski's performance as \"flawless throughout the entire episode\", and described the two other subplots involving Kenneth and Colleen as \"funny yet poignant stories.\" Roth Cornet of \"IGN\" also gave the episode a positive review, stating \"the irreverent, free-association humor continues",
"psg_id": "16944640"
},
{
"title": "Not My Life",
"text": "scenes in other countries, allowing \"the experiences of young women with whom an American audience may more readily identify [to] become one among many woven into the fabric of global trafficking.\" Tripurari Sharan, Director General of DD, said that his organization was pleased to air the film and hoped that doing so would bring about greater awareness across India about human trafficking in the country. He called the film \"both an eye-opener and a profoundly moving call to action\". Not My Life Not My Life is a 2011 American independent documentary film about human trafficking and contemporary slavery. The film",
"psg_id": "17464961"
},
{
"title": "Ruin My Life",
"text": "and then picks up the pace for the chorus. Despite complimenting Larsson's \"strong\" voice and noting the song's \"distinct beats\" and \"dreamy\" sound, Azarmi said that the track \"lacks enough sorrow and desperation\" to be effective, and said that she hopes Larsson will show more \"vulnerability\" on her upcoming album. Ruin My Life \"Ruin My Life\" is a song by Swedish singer Zara Larsson, released as a single on 18 October 2018. The song serves as the lead single from her upcoming second international and third overall studio album. \"Ruin My Life\" has been described as a \"pop meets R&B",
"psg_id": "20899655"
},
{
"title": "My Boyfriends' Dogs",
"text": "a plucky, winsome blond and several lovable dogs could miss. \"My Boyfriends' Dogs\" almost does. It's got too much of the right stuff to be a complete mutt, but most Hallmark movies are better written and crafted than this one.\" Nancy Dunham of \"The Washington Times\" gave a mixed review, writing: \"Erika Christensen brings a sense of realism to the role, even when some dialogue seems a bit preachy and scenes might stretch credibility a tad far... Like Walt Disney films, \"My Boyfriends' Dogs\" isn't going to make a huge impact on art, but it might show the best way",
"psg_id": "18891855"
},
{
"title": "My postillion has been struck by lightning",
"text": "or panic no one would be likely to consult this guide to the methods of escape. This reminds one of the criticism of a gentleman on Mr. Murray's \"Travel Talk,\" when he found the exclamation, \"Dear me, our postillion has been struck dead by lightning!\" set forth for his convenience in four languages. The August 30, 1916 issue of the British magazine \"Punch\" includes this item: An officer serving in the Balkans writes to say that he has just come across a Hungarian-English phrase-book which starts with the useful phrase, \"My postilion has been struck by lightning.\" Another usage of",
"psg_id": "12355504"
},
{
"title": "My Boyfriends' Dogs",
"text": "My Boyfriends' Dogs My Boyfriends' Dogs is a 2014 American comedy television film directed by Terry Ingram, written by Jon Maas and Gary Goldstein, and based on the Dandi Daley Mackall novel of the same name. The film stars Erika Christensen as Bailey Daley, with Teryl Rothery, Emily Holmes, Jeremy Guilbaut, Joyce DeWitt, and Michael Kopsa. It was broadcast on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on October 18, 2014. The owners of a small diner are surprised one rainy evening when, just after closing, a young woman (Christensen) wearing a wedding dress – with three dogs in tow",
"psg_id": "18891852"
},
{
"title": "Where Have You Been (All My Life)",
"text": "album. Where Have You Been (All My Life) \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil. \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" was first released by Arthur Alexander in 1962, with \"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms)\" as the B-side, on Dot Records (London Records in the UK). Alexander biographer Richard Younger describes the song as \"a classic example of sixties pop songwriting that captures the thrill of first love.\" \"Billboard Magazine\" described the song as \"an emotion-packed theme with solid female chorus work,\" and also praised the feeling",
"psg_id": "18122877"
},
{
"title": "Where Have You Been (All My Life)",
"text": "Where Have You Been (All My Life) \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" is a song written by Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil. \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" was first released by Arthur Alexander in 1962, with \"Soldier of Love (Lay Down Your Arms)\" as the B-side, on Dot Records (London Records in the UK). Alexander biographer Richard Younger describes the song as \"a classic example of sixties pop songwriting that captures the thrill of first love.\" \"Billboard Magazine\" described the song as \"an emotion-packed theme with solid female chorus work,\" and also praised the feeling Alexander",
"psg_id": "18122873"
},
{
"title": "Street dogs in Bucharest",
"text": "was\" and \"where the 3.42 million vaccinated dogs were\". Bardot said that \"the dogs are paying with their life as a result of a corrupt management\". She ended the letter by saying that she had \"pleasant memories about Romania\", but that she is \"currently comparing it to hell\". Street dogs in Bucharest In Bucharest - the capital city of Romania - the problem of stray dogs (\"maidanezi\" in Romanian) has been acknowledged for decades. The number of stray dogs has been reduced drastically since 2014, following the death of a four-year-old child who was attacked by a dog. In 2015,",
"psg_id": "17607359"
},
{
"title": "My postillion has been struck by lightning",
"text": "as \"sentences introduced in teaching [that] seem to have little or no chance of ever being used in real life\". They are named after the phrase \"The postilion has been struck by lightning\", which Crystal describes as a famous example of such a sentence. He goes on to suggest that \"an unexpectedly large number of sentences, used routinely with children with language impairment, are of this type\", and gives as examples \"That table's got four legs\", and \"Clap (your) hands!\". He concludes that, \"if teaching and therapeutic time is to be truly efficacious\", postilion sentences should be avoided. My postillion",
"psg_id": "12355509"
},
{
"title": "My Mama Said",
"text": "while the keyboard is played in a chord-per-bar fashion. The verses have a \"chant-like plea\" while the choruses have a \"defiant masculinity\". The vocal lines are cut short so as to eradicate any vibrato, and the vocals have been treated in post-production \"Bright Lights Dark Shadows: The Real Story of Abba\" says the song has a \"jazzy, almost funky feel, lending it an aura of coolness\". Said there is a \"nice little intro to this one and a clever little bit of jazz playing from Janne Schaffer\". \"Don't Play with My Balls!\" says \"My Mama Said has everything you could",
"psg_id": "17589871"
},
{
"title": "Beggin' Strips",
"text": "Beggin' Strips Stupid Dog Contest on July 4, 1999. This contest offers multiple monetary prizes, the grand prize being a $5,000 supply of Beggin' Strips per year and a trip to see the \"Late Show with David Letterman\" in New York. Beggin' Strips Beggin’ Strips is a brand of pet food and pet snack manufactured by Nestlé Purina PetCare. The product was first manufactured by Ralston Purina. The product's tagline is \"Dogs Don't Know It's Not Bacon\", which appeared in U.S. television commercials in the 1990s. The product is manufactured to resemble bacon strips. Beggin' Strips were first sold in",
"psg_id": "5813903"
},
{
"title": "Portland Sea Dogs",
"text": "to the Albany-Colonie Yankees. Cartoonist Guy Gilchrist designed the team's logo as well as logos for the Connecticut Defenders, Binghamton Mets, and New Britain Rock Cats. Gilchrist's comic strip \"Mudpie\" had a series of strips in which the young cat's family visit the Portland area and attend a Sea Dogs game. The Sea Dogs' home stadium is Hadlock Field, named after long-time Portland High School baseball coach Edson Hadlock. It currently has a seating capacity of 7,368. Hadlock Field is often visited by vacationing celebrities, such as former NFL coach Bill Parcells, former U.S. President George H. W. Bush, and",
"psg_id": "1499331"
},
{
"title": "Whole life insurance",
"text": "benefit of a whole life policy is normally the stated face amount. However, if the policy is \"participating\", the death benefit will be increased by any accumulated dividend values and/or decreased by any outstanding policy loans. (see example below) Certain riders, such as Accidental Death benefit may exist, which would potentially increase the benefit. In contrast, universal life policies (a flexible premium whole life substitute) may be structured to pay cash values in addition to the face amount, but usually do not guarantee lifetime coverage in such cases. A whole life policy is said to \"mature\" at death or the",
"psg_id": "5599922"
},
{
"title": "My Life is a Lifetime Movie",
"text": "My Life is a Lifetime Movie My Life is a Lifetime Movie is an American reality television series that premiered on Lifetime on October 17, 2012. The series mashes together cinematic recreations along with first-hand details with women who relive their shocking life experiences. In a review in \"The Washington Post\", Emily Yahr said that the half-scripted, half-documentary hybrid format doesn't work and the show is delivering a mixed tone. Robert Owen of The \"Pittsburgh Post-Gazette\" said the viewers will be disappointed by the series. A review in \"Variety\" called the show more like a water-cooler gossip than actual true-crime",
"psg_id": "16833638"
},
{
"title": "My Life (Grace Griffith album)",
"text": "haunting\" values the fact that My Life was recorded for Blix Street, the label that made Cassidy a \"posthumous phenomenon\". Wildran also pointed out the sadder connection in that \"Griffith has been battling Parkinson's Disease since 1998, and who knows how much longer her voice will be as stunning and pure as it is here? \" He said that listeners would pay attention to the \"heartbreaking, inspiring opening ballad, My Life \". He went on to say that \"If this is the last heard from Griffith on disc, it will indeed be a tragedy \" My Life (Grace Griffith album)",
"psg_id": "15423994"
},
{
"title": "Not My Life",
"text": "working against human trafficking. The film asserts that most victims of human trafficking are children. Actress Lucy Liu said that people who watch \"Not My Life\" \"will be shocked to find [human trafficking] is happening in America.\" Lucy Popescu of CineVue criticized the film for focusing on the victims, arguing that the perpetrators of trafficking should have been dealt with more prominently. \"Not My Life\" was named Best World Documentary at the Harlem International Film Festival in September 2012. \"Not My Life\" is a documentary film about human trafficking and contemporary slavery. It addresses many forms of slavery, including the",
"psg_id": "17464915"
},
{
"title": "Who Owns My Heart",
"text": "Disney Channel who went on about violating your godliness.\" Evan Sawdey of PopMatters also found an alternate answer to the song's chorus. \"It’s commerce that owns your heart, Miley, and it always has been\", he wrote. Mikael Wood of \"Billboard\" compared \"Who Owns My Heart\" to 2010 singles released by The Black Eyed Peas. Nick Levine of Digital Spy said it was a post-GaGa Hi-NRG track inclined to the generic. However, he said lyrical references were a large reminder Cyrus sung the track. Ed Masley of \"The Arizona Republic\" deemed \"Who Owns My Heart\" to be one of the best",
"psg_id": "14641552"
},
{
"title": "Colours of My Life",
"text": "Colours of My Life Colours of My Life is a 2011 compilation album by Australian recording artist Judith Durham. The album was released in November 2011. A DVD was also included featuring an interview with Judith Durham by Peter Thompson. In a December 2011 interview with 'Beauty and Lace' Durham said \"\"Colours of My Life\" is a retrospective of all the albums I’ve recorded in 50 years. There are all styles of songs and composing, even me playing ragtime piano.\" adding it \"would appeal to anyone who wants to share my musical journey through all the different styles.\" \"Colours of",
"psg_id": "19727544"
},
{
"title": "My Early Life",
"text": "certain level of self-mockery alongside criticism of others he encountered. Unlike some other of his works, it did not seek to prove any particular point. The book includes an observation made upon the death of his nanny. He wrote \"She had been my dearest and most intimate friend during the whole of the twenty years I had lived.\" The film \"Young Winston\" was based on this book. My Early Life My Early Life, also known in the USA as A Roving Commission: My Early Life, is a 1930 book by Winston Churchill. It is an autobiography from his birth in",
"psg_id": "8617975"
},
{
"title": "Comic strip",
"text": "for their heavy use of storylines, lasting between one and three weeks in most cases. The writing style of comic strips changed as well after World War II. With an increase in the number of college-educated readers, there was a shift away from slapstick comedy and towards more cerebral humor. Slapstick and visual gags became more confined to Sunday strips, because as \"Garfield\" creator Jim Davis put it, \"Children are more likely to read Sunday strips than dailies.\" Many older strips are no longer drawn by the original cartoonist, who has either died or retired. Such strips are known as",
"psg_id": "70132"
},
{
"title": "New York World comic strips",
"text": "Rudolph Dirks, creator of the hugely popular \"The Katzenjammer Kids\" strip, left the Hearst organization for Pulitzer and began a new strip, first titled \"Hans and Fritz\" and then \"The Captain and the Kids\". It featured the same characters seen in \"The Katzenjammer Kids\", and remained nearly as popular (eventually running until 1979). The E. W. Scripps Company acquired the \"New York World\" newspaper and its syndication assets in February 1931, bringing over to Scripps' United Feature Syndicate the popular comic strips \"The Captain and the Kids\", \"Everyday Movies\", \"Fritzi Ritz\", \"Hawkshaw the Detective\", \"Joe Jinks\", and \"Little Mary Mixup\".",
"psg_id": "20976101"
},
{
"title": "My Boyfriends' Dogs",
"text": "to be true to one's heart.\" My Boyfriends' Dogs My Boyfriends' Dogs is a 2014 American comedy television film directed by Terry Ingram, written by Jon Maas and Gary Goldstein, and based on the Dandi Daley Mackall novel of the same name. The film stars Erika Christensen as Bailey Daley, with Teryl Rothery, Emily Holmes, Jeremy Guilbaut, Joyce DeWitt, and Michael Kopsa. It was broadcast on the Hallmark Channel in the United States on October 18, 2014. The owners of a small diner are surprised one rainy evening when, just after closing, a young woman (Christensen) wearing a wedding dress",
"psg_id": "18891856"
},
{
"title": "Dalek comic strips, illustrated annuals and graphic novels",
"text": "Foreman meeting the Daleks, whilst the features include a game, a cutaway drawing of the interior of a Dalek and a map of Skaro. \"The Dalek World\" (1965) Writers: David Whitaker, Terry Nation. Artists: A.B. Cornwell, Richard Jennings, W. Wiggins, John Woods. Panther Books Ltd. / Souvenir Press Ltd. Hardcover, 96 pages. Six comic strips, four illustrated text stories and ten features. Two of the features deal with the Dr. Who Dalek films, utilising selected stills from the 1965 film \"Dr. Who and the Daleks\". \"Dr. Who and the Daleks\" (1966) Writer: Terry Nation. Artists: Dick Giordano, Sal Trapani. Dell",
"psg_id": "13544679"
},
{
"title": "My Life in Dog Years",
"text": "The last chapter is about his current dog at the time, Josh. It is clear that Josh is one of the author's favorite dogs, as he has the most to write about him. At the time the book was written, Josh was about 20 years old. Josh was known as the smartest dog in the world. My Life in Dog Years My Life in Dog Years is a non-fiction book for children written by the American author Gary Paulsen, together with his wife, Ruth Wright Paulsen. It was published first by Delacorte Press in 1997. The book contains a chapter",
"psg_id": "12970179"
},
{
"title": "Film-Maker // Been Training Dogs",
"text": "Film-Maker // Been Training Dogs \"Film-Maker // Been Training Dogs\" is a 2002 double A-side single by The Cooper Temple Clause. It peaked at number twenty on the UK Singles Chart. Each CD single was enhanced with the promo videos, on-set interviews with the band, photographs from the shoot, roll calls, and tokens. The A-side of the 7\" was double-tracked, meaning that it contained two separate groove paths, one for each of the lead tracks, which means that it is essentially down to chance whether you hear \"Film-Maker\" or \"Been Training Dogs\". A1. \"Film-Maker\"<br> A2. \"Been Training Dogs\"<br> B. \"Way",
"psg_id": "15348000"
},
{
"title": "One Life to Live",
"text": "Children\", where she discovers in 2000 that her own birth mother is Pine Valley's Myrtle Fargate. Following clues to \"Port Charles\" and \"General Hospital\", Gretel finally finds her daughter back in Llanview on \"One Life to Live\": Skye Chandler, herself a former \"All My Children\" character who had relocated to \"One Life to Live\" in 1999. Skye's adopted \"All My Children\" father Adam Chandler appears on \"One Life to Live\" in 2001, and Gretel initially identifies Skye's biological father as Alan Quartermaine of \"General Hospital\". Both women subsequently appear on that series, with Skye moving to \"General Hospital\" full-time in",
"psg_id": "2206033"
},
{
"title": "My Life My Choice",
"text": "focus of recovery - always maintaining contact and support for the youth they serve. Well known anti trafficking activist and creator of Girls Educational and Mentoring Services, Rachel Lloyd, has said \"My Life My Choice is the gold standard in mentoring programs for commercially sexually exploited and trafficked girls\". My Life My Choice has a ten-session nationally acclaimed prevention curriculum that is used to educate and empower youth on recognizing the signs of perpetrators and the dangerous reality of the commercial sex industry. The prevention curriculum groups are offered all over the United States in schools, group homes, or other",
"psg_id": "19011147"
},
{
"title": "Elvis (comic strip)",
"text": "Elvis (comic strip) Elvis is a Swedish comic strip created in 2000 by Tony Cronstam for the free daily newspaper \"Metro\", as well as other more local newspapers. Elvis Tonysson, the main character of the comic is a middle-aged man portrayed as a tortoise, who is according to Cronstam loosely based on himself, like most of the recurring characters are based on friends and family. The main plot of the strip is according to Cronstam based on day-to-day annoyances encountered in real life. The plot of the strips published in the daily newspaper usually don't stretch over multiple strips, making",
"psg_id": "8173828"
},
{
"title": "Story of My Life (One Direction song)",
"text": "Story of My Life (One Direction song) \"Story of My Life\" is a song recorded by English Irish boy band One Direction. It was released on 6 November 2013 by Syco Music and Columbia Records as the second single from the group's third studio album, \"Midnight Memories\" (2013). Written by band members Niall Horan, Zayn Malik, Harry Styles, Liam Payne and Louis Tomlinson, along with Julian Bunetta, Jamie Scott, John Ryan, and Hanoch Dagan. the lyrics speak of a tumultuous relationship leading to lament and heartbreak. \"Story of My Life\" is an acoustic folktronica song with neofolk elements. It runs",
"psg_id": "17601879"
},
{
"title": "Infidel: My Life",
"text": "review, claiming that the reader will feel \"manipulated\" by Hirsi's story. She said that \"Hirsi Ali is more a hero among Islamophobes than Islamic women.\" She also said that Hirsi sounds as \"single-minded and reactionary as the zealots she's worked so hard to oppose.\". For other translations see \"Languages\" in sidebar. Infidel: My Life Infidel (2006/published in English 2007) is the autobiography of Ayaan Hirsi Ali, a Somali-Dutch activist and politician. Hirsi Ali has attracted controversy and death threats were made against Ali in the early 2000s. Hirsi Ali writes about her youth in Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Ethiopia and Kenya;",
"psg_id": "8883405"
},
{
"title": "Who Let the Dogs Out?",
"text": "had the vision, and the Baha Men were reluctant, but the group went in and recorded it anyway.\" Douglas himself admitted that the song has nothing to do with dogs and actually has a feminist theme. In an interview that was published on his website, he said: \"It's a man-bashing song. I'll tell you why. The lyric of the song says, 'The party was nice, the party was pumpin'.' When I said the word 'party' I was being metaphorical. It really means things were going great. The 'Yippie-Yi-Yo,' that's everybody's happy, right? 'And everybody was having a ball.' Life was",
"psg_id": "4878228"
},
{
"title": "Where Have You Been (All My Life)",
"text": "Hatch and Stephen Millward see a resemblance between \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" and early songs written by John Lennon and Paul McCartney. The Beatles covered both \"Where Have You Been (All My Life)\" and \"Soldier of Love\" live early in their career. There is a live version by the Beatles on the bootleg album \"Live 31 December 1962 at the Star Club, Hamburg, Germany\" with John Lennon on lead vocal. Music critic Richie Unterberger described the song as \"cool\" and \"moody\" but complained that the sound on this recording was too \"muddy\" to be able to figure",
"psg_id": "18122875"
},
{
"title": "Who's Been Sleeping in My Bed?",
"text": "Melissa takes her frustration to her friend Stella, who hatches a scheme: They will pretend Melissa has fallen in love with another man and has decided to marry him, which will force Jason's hand. Complications ensue and a fake Mexico divorce must be arranged as well. Who's Been Sleeping in My Bed? Who's Been Sleeping in My Bed? is a 1963 comedy film starring Dean Martin, Elizabeth Montgomery, and Carol Burnett, and directed by Daniel Mann. Jason Steel is an actor who plays a doctor on TV. He is so convincing that women of all kinds won't leave him alone.",
"psg_id": "11776263"
},
{
"title": "Memoirs of My Life and Writings",
"text": "the historian Glen Bowersock, while the Gibbon scholar Jane Elizabeth Norton said that \"By all the standards of scholarship, Lord Sheffield's conduct was deplorable.\" Memoirs of My Life and Writings Memoirs of My Life and Writings (1796) is an account of the historian Edward Gibbon's life, compiled after his death by his friend Lord Sheffield from six fragmentary autobiographical works Gibbon wrote during his last years. Lord Sheffield's editing has been praised for its ingenuity and taste, but blamed for its unscholarly aggressiveness. Since 1896 several other editions of the work have appeared, more in accordance with modern standards. Gibbon's",
"psg_id": "17549180"
},
{
"title": "Film-Maker // Been Training Dogs",
"text": "Out West\" (Hightower Remix)<br> Film-Maker // Been Training Dogs \"Film-Maker // Been Training Dogs\" is a 2002 double A-side single by The Cooper Temple Clause. It peaked at number twenty on the UK Singles Chart. Each CD single was enhanced with the promo videos, on-set interviews with the band, photographs from the shoot, roll calls, and tokens. The A-side of the 7\" was double-tracked, meaning that it contained two separate groove paths, one for each of the lead tracks, which means that it is essentially down to chance whether you hear \"Film-Maker\" or \"Been Training Dogs\". A1. \"Film-Maker\"<br> A2. \"Been",
"psg_id": "15348001"
},
{
"title": "John Rivas",
"text": "Rivas won four American Packaging Design Awards, awarded by the prestigious Graphic Design USA for four \"BONZZO\" packaging designs: \"Big Comic Strips \"BONZZO\" Mobile Carrying Cart\", \"Big Comic Strips \"BONZZO\" Exposition Promo Life-Size Stand\", \"The Art of \"BONZZO\" Book Case\", and \"100% The Art of Comic Strips \"BONZZO\" Gift Box\". \"To me, it has been a very pleasant surprise and a great honor to be recognized with four American Package Design Awards 2012 from the prestigious Graphic Design USA,\" said Rivas, creator of the comic book \"BONZZO\", which has been published by several media on the Island and the United",
"psg_id": "3191578"
},
{
"title": "This Is Not My Life",
"text": "the show only lasted one season, it has been announced American network ABC has purchased the series to adapt for an American audience. The series was released on DVD on 29 June 2011. This Is Not My Life This Is Not My Life is a New Zealand television mystery-thriller which originally aired from 29 July to 14 October 2010 on Television New Zealand's TV One. Set in the 2020s, the show centres on Alec Ross (Charles Mesure) who awakes one morning to find that he doesn't know who or where he is and doesn't recognise his wife or children. The",
"psg_id": "14779855"
},
{
"title": "My Life My Choice",
"text": "just one of many similar cases My Life My Choice was born out of Latasha's death to combat the commercial sexual exploitation of children. My Life My Choice has grown into a nationally recognized organization in the fight against the commercial sexual exploitation of children. In 2006, My Life My Choice was recognized as a national model for sex trafficking prevention by the United States Department of Justice. The My Life My Choice curriculum is being used nationwide as a preventative model to combat the commercial sexual exploitation of children. Additionally, in 2009 My Life My Choice became a part",
"psg_id": "19011143"
},
{
"title": "Dogs (the Who song)",
"text": "said in the notes to the 1974 LP \"Odds & Sods\" that this was one of the songs recorded during a period when the group went \"slightly mad.\" The song contains both singing and spoken sections and has vocal contributions from three members of the group, Roger, Pete and John. It includes the memorable closing phrase, \"Nice dog, yes, lovely form, lovely buttocks\", spoken by Pete. A subsequent song \"Dogs (Part Two)\" was later released as the B-side of \"Pinball Wizard\" in 1969. Despite the titles the two songs are musically unrelated. \"Dogs (Part Two)\" is an instrumental credited to",
"psg_id": "11146649"
},
{
"title": "My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)",
"text": "lover why she left him, what he did wrong that drove her away, and professes to her that without her, his life is meaningless. Singing backup for Ruffin on the recording are The Originals, who the same year would score a hit of their own with \"Baby I'm For Real\". \"My Whole World Ended (The Moment You Left Me)\" was the focal point of Ruffin's debut solo LP, \"My Whole World Ended\". It peaked at number nine on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number two on the \"Billboard\" R&B Singles chart. Only one more of Ruffin's solo singles, 1975's Walk",
"psg_id": "8757528"
},
{
"title": "Antigua, My Life",
"text": "her through this process, and by doing so has to tackle her own problems. Actress Cecilia Roth was nominated for a Silver Condor Award for Best Actress in 2002. Antigua, My Life Antigua, My Life () is a 2001 Argentine-Spanish drama film directed by Héctor Olivera and written by Ángeles González Sinde, from the novel by the Chilean writer Marcela Serrano. It stars Ana Belén and Cecilia Roth. Many scenes of the film were shot in Guatemala. Two upper middle class women from Buenos Aires are trapped in relationships that aren't working well. One is in an abusive relationship, the",
"psg_id": "9530428"
},
{
"title": "Back in My Life",
"text": "Back in My Life \"Back in My Life\" is a song by Dutch group Alice DeeJay. It was released in November 1999 as the second single from the album, \"Who Needs Guitars Anyway?\". The song reached number one in Norway and the top ten in Finland, Ireland, Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. \"Back in My Life\" was released in the United Kingdom on 22 November 1999. There are two music videos: one that has full funeral scenes, and one on a cliff top that has more dancing scenes. \"Back In My Life\" was almost as successful as \"Better Off",
"psg_id": "10905811"
},
{
"title": "Where My Dogs At?",
"text": "Where My Dogs At? Where My Dogs At? is an animated television series created by Aaron Matthew Lee and Jeff Ross that aired on MTV2 as part of its Sic'emation lineup. The series aired from June 10, 2006, to July 29, 2006. The show revolves around Buddy, a beagle separated from his 10-year-old owner Jeffy in Elizabeth, New Jersey, and Woof, a large bulldog (to whom Buddy refers as obsessed) who runs away from his owner. Both canines try to survive in the streets of Hollywood and avoid conflict with the Dog Catcher. The show lampoons celebrity stardom in various",
"psg_id": "8080231"
},
{
"title": "Comic strip",
"text": "to appear in more than one format, it became necessary for the cartoonist to allow for rearranged, cropped or dropped panels. During World War II, because of paper shortages, the size of Sunday strips began to shrink. After the war, strips continued to get smaller and smaller because of increased paper and printing costs. The last full-page comic strip was the \"Prince Valiant\" strip for 11 April 1971. Comic strips have also been published in Sunday newspaper magazines. Russell Patterson and Carolyn Wells' \"New Adventures of Flossy Frills\" was a continuing strip series seen on Sunday magazine covers. Beginning January",
"psg_id": "70111"
},
{
"title": "Story of My Life (One Direction song)",
"text": "to You EP In January 2015, Martin Sexton recorded a solo acoustic version of this from Electric Lady Studios. On 22 May 2015 The Offspring performed an acoustic version of \"Story of My Life\" for 94/7 Mobile Nation at Mississippi Studios. In 2015, Alvin and the Chipmunks and The Chipettes covered the song, with lyric changes to reflect their relationship with David Seville, for their live stage tour \"Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Musical\". In 2017, the song appeared on Lea Salonga's live album \"Blurred Lines\". </ref> Story of My Life (One Direction song) \"Story of My Life\" is a",
"psg_id": "17601887"
},
{
"title": "Cliff Hanger (comic strip)",
"text": "American \"Cliff Hanger\" was written by Bruce Jones with artwork by Al Williamson. The title character was a swashbuckling adventurer who crashlands in an unnamed jungle region in the late 1930s and finds himself in a mysterious plot involving a secret research facility. The strip originally appeared as a back-up feature in the four issue run of Somerset Holmes, a 1983 thriller comic book also by Jones and Williamson. It has been reprinted in collections of Williamson's artwork. Cliff Hanger (comic strip) Cliff Hanger is the name of two different 1983 comic strips, one published in the United Kingdom and",
"psg_id": "4684397"
},
{
"title": "Only One Love in My Life",
"text": "Only One Love in My Life Only One Love in My Life is the ninth studio album by country music artist Ronnie Milsap. The album produced two #1 hits for Milsap, including the title track, which also peaked at #63 on the Billboard Hot 100. \"Let's Take the Long Way Around the World,\" was the other #1 single. \"Back on My Mind Again\" also was released as a single, reaching #2 on country charts. \"Only One Love in My Life\" reached #3 on Country album charts and reached the Billboard 200, peaking at #109. It was ultimately certified as Gold.",
"psg_id": "13380707"
},
{
"title": "Only One Love in My Life",
"text": "Only One Love in My Life Only One Love in My Life is the ninth studio album by country music artist Ronnie Milsap. The album produced two #1 hits for Milsap, including the title track, which also peaked at #63 on the Billboard Hot 100. \"Let's Take the Long Way Around the World,\" was the other #1 single. \"Back on My Mind Again\" also was released as a single, reaching #2 on country charts. \"Only One Love in My Life\" reached #3 on Country album charts and reached the Billboard 200, peaking at #109. It was ultimately certified as Gold.",
"psg_id": "13380706"
},
{
"title": "Colours of My Life",
"text": "My Life\" debuted at number 57 and peaked at 44 the following week. In April 2012, Durham announced dates for the \"Colour of My Life\" tour. This was her first solo tour since 2001. Colours of My Life Colours of My Life is a 2011 compilation album by Australian recording artist Judith Durham. The album was released in November 2011. A DVD was also included featuring an interview with Judith Durham by Peter Thompson. In a December 2011 interview with 'Beauty and Lace' Durham said \"\"Colours of My Life\" is a retrospective of all the albums I’ve recorded in 50",
"psg_id": "19727545"
},
{
"title": "Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life",
"text": "The documentary was sold to 19 territories including Australia, China, Brazil, the Netherlands and others. Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life Mandela: The Struggle Is My Life is a documentary co-produced by Sky News and Sky Vision following the life of Nelson Mandela. It contains unique archive footage from Sky News and exclusive interviews with key figures from Mandelas life, including Desmond Tutu, F. W. De Klerk, and members of the ANC who fought with him and were imprisoned with him. Nelson Mandela has fought his whole life for justice, for his beloved homeland of South Africa and for the",
"psg_id": "17731483"
},
{
"title": "Rejection of Jesus",
"text": "central Amidah-prayer, inveighing against (early Christian) informers and heretics, which was inserted as the twelfth paragraph in modern sequence (Birkat haMinim). On the Christian side, the accounts of Jewish rejection of Jesus are prominently featured in the New Testament, especially John's gospel. For example, in Jesus moves around in Galilee but avoids Judea, because \"the Jews/Judeans\" were looking for a chance to kill him. In some said \"he is a good man\" whereas others said he deceives the people, but these were all \"whispers\", no one would speak publicly for \"fear of the Jews/Judeans\". Jewish rejection is also recorded in",
"psg_id": "7621745"
},
{
"title": "My Krazy Life",
"text": "however, that title would not last long and he would change it back. In June 2013, YG revealed that he signed a deal to Jeezy's record label CTE World. On September 4, 2013, YG announced that he had changed the name of his debut album from \"I'm From Bompton\" to \"My Krazy Life\". He explained the change saying Jeezy asked him, \"Who do you want to support your album? Do you want a certain type of people or do you want the whole world?\" YG responded saying the whole world. He then explained, \"If my album was called \"I'm From",
"psg_id": "17480883"
},
{
"title": "Fourth Doctor comic strips",
"text": "appeared. The Doctor Who Magazine comic strip launched with the Doctor travelling on his own. Later a number of new as well as more familiar characters were included. (These decisions were largely determined by the issue of image rights). While most of the adventures occur within their own continuity, direct references to the television series make placing these adventures into on-screen continuity problematic. While Doctor Who Magazine mostly uses the current Doctor in the regular comic strip adventures, later Fourth Doctor comic strip stories have appeared from time to time in the regular magazine, specials and in other publications. The",
"psg_id": "17000674"
}
] | [
"sparky schulz",
"charles shulz",
"charles m. shultz",
"charles m. schulz",
"charles m schulz",
"schulz, charles monroe",
"charles shultz",
"schulz, charles m",
"charles m. schultz",
"charles monroe schulz",
"schulz, charles m.",
"charles schulz",
"charles shulz tribute",
"charlie brown, snoopy and me"
] |
john singer sargent worked in which branch of the arts? | [
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "million and is located at Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art at Bentonville, Arkansas. In December 2004, \"Group with Parasols (A Siesta)\" (1905) sold for US$23.5 million, nearly double the Sotheby's estimate of $12 million. The previous highest price for a Sargent painting was US$11 million. John Singer Sargent John Singer Sargent (; January 12, 1856 – April 14, 1925) was an American expatriate artist, considered the \"leading portrait painter of his generation\" for his evocations of Edwardian era luxury. He created roughly 900 oil paintings and more than 2,000 watercolors, as well as countless sketches and charcoal drawings. His",
"psg_id": "993741"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "and to consider him perhaps second only to Michelangelo and Titian.\" An attempt to study at the Academy of Florence failed, as the school was re-organizing at the time. After returning to Paris from Florence Sargent began his art studies with the young French portraitist Carolus-Duran. Following a meteoric rise, the artist was noted for his bold technique and modern teaching methods; his influence would be pivotal to Sargent during the period from 1874 to 1878. In 1874 Sargent passed on his first attempt the rigorous exam required to gain admission to the École des Beaux-Arts, the premier art school",
"psg_id": "993694"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "a capable amateur artist and his father was a skilled medical illustrator. Early on, she gave him sketchbooks and encouraged drawing excursions. Sargent worked on his drawings, and he enthusiastically copied images from \"The Illustrated London News\" of ships and made detailed sketches of landscapes. FitzWilliam had hoped that his son's interest in ships and the sea might lead him toward a naval career. At thirteen, his mother reported that John \"sketches quite nicely, & has a remarkably quick and correct eye. If we could afford to give him really good lessons, he would soon be quite a little artist.\"",
"psg_id": "993692"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "the Stieglitz circle and by the Ashcan School, was on the ascent. After such a long period of critical disfavor, Sargent's reputation has increased steadily since the 1950s. In the 1960s, a revival of Victorian art and new scholarship directed at Sargent strengthened his reputation. Sargent has been the subject of large-scale exhibitions in major museums, including a retrospective exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1986, and a major 1999 traveling show that exhibited at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Gallery of Art Washington, and the National Gallery, London. In 1986, Andy Warhol commented",
"psg_id": "993738"
},
{
"title": "John Turner Sargent",
"text": "John Turner Sargent John Turner Sargent Jr. (born c. 1956) is an American book publisher; he is CEO of Macmillan Publishers USA, the American operations of Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. John Turner Sargent Jr. was born in New York City to Neltje Doubleday and John Turner Sargent Sr. He has a sister Ellen. His mother's paternal grandfather Frank Nelson Doubleday was the founder of Doubleday and Company and her grandmother published several books. As his father worked in publishing and served as President and CEO of Doubleday and Company from 1963 to 1978, Sargent Jr. was influenced by the",
"psg_id": "16283607"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Pillsbury Jr.",
"text": "68 years and all four of their children. John Sargent Pillsbury Jr. John Sargent Pillsbury Jr. (1912–2005) was an American attorney, insurance executive, community leader, and patron of the arts in the U.S. State of Minnesota. He was a member of the Minnesota Pillsbury family, \"one of Minnesota's most notable, public-spirited families\" which built its fortunes in flour milling, iron ore, and forestry, and which practiced \"a civic-minded capitalism that gave back to the community by supporting education, the arts and public institutions\". John S. Pillsbury was part of this tradition. In addition to his legal and business career, he",
"psg_id": "16344773"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Pillsbury Jr.",
"text": "John Sargent Pillsbury Jr. John Sargent Pillsbury Jr. (1912–2005) was an American attorney, insurance executive, community leader, and patron of the arts in the U.S. State of Minnesota. He was a member of the Minnesota Pillsbury family, \"one of Minnesota's most notable, public-spirited families\" which built its fortunes in flour milling, iron ore, and forestry, and which practiced \"a civic-minded capitalism that gave back to the community by supporting education, the arts and public institutions\". John S. Pillsbury was part of this tradition. In addition to his legal and business career, he led two organizations responsible for building significant buildings",
"psg_id": "16344762"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "estate of James Deering and was invited to cruise the Florida Keys with James and his brother Charles Deering aboard James' yacht \"Nepenthe\". Sargent was much more interested in the \"mine of sketching\" that was the estate, not at all interested in fishing, and made the cruise \"reluctantly,\" doing some watercolor sketches (including \"Derelicts\", 1917). By the time Sargent finished his portrait of John D. Rockefeller in 1917, most critics began to consign him to the masters of the past, \"a brilliant ambassador between his patrons and posterity.\" Modernists treated him more harshly, considering him completely out of touch with",
"psg_id": "993721"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "the National Gallery. In 1888, Sargent released his portrait of Alice Vanderbilt Shepard, great-granddaughter of Cornelius Vanderbilt. Many of his most important works are in museums in the United States. In 1897, a friend sponsored a famous portrait in oil of Mr. and Mrs. I. N. Phelps Stokes, by Sargent, as a wedding gift. By 1900, Sargent was at the height of his fame. Cartoonist Max Beerbohm completed one of his seventeen caricatures of Sargent, making well-known to the public the artist's paunchy physique. Although only in his forties, Sargent began to travel more and to devote relatively less time",
"psg_id": "993716"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "to Sargent scholar Trevor Fairbrother that Sargent \"\"made everybody look glamorous. Taller. Thinner. But they all have mood, every one of them has a different mood.\"\" In a \"TIME\" magazine article from the 1980s, critic Robert Hughes praised Sargent as \"\"the unrivaled recorder of male power and female beauty in a day that, like ours, paid excessive court to both.\"\" In 1922 Sargent co-founded New York City's Grand Central Art Galleries together with Edmund Greacen, Walter Leighton Clark, and others. Sargent actively participated in the Grand Central Art Galleries and their academy, the Grand Central School of Art, until his",
"psg_id": "993739"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "this more apparent than in his portrait \"\" (1908), in which the subject is seen wearing a Persian costume, a pearl encrusted turban, and strumming an Indian tambura, accoutrements all meant to convey sensuality and mystery. If Sargent used this portrait to explore issues of sexuality and identity, it seems to have met with the satisfaction of the subject's father, Asher Wertheimer, a wealthy Jewish art dealer. Foremost of Sargent's detractors was the influential English art critic Roger Fry, of the Bloomsbury Group, who at the 1926 Sargent retrospective in London dismissed Sargent's work as lacking aesthetic quality: \"Wonderful indeed,",
"psg_id": "993736"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "when the art world focused, in turn, on Impressionism, Fauvism, and Cubism, Sargent practiced his own form of Realism, which made brilliant references to Velázquez, Van Dyck, and Gainsborough. His seemingly effortless facility for paraphrasing the masters in a contemporary fashion led to a stream of commissioned portraits of remarkable virtuosity (\"Arsène Vigeant\", 1885, Musées de Metz; \"\", 1897, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York) and earned Sargent the moniker, \"the Van Dyck of our times.\" Still, during his life his work engendered negative responses from some of his colleagues: Camille Pissarro wrote \"he is not an enthusiast but rather",
"psg_id": "993734"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "review a client's wardrobe to pick suitable attire. Some portraits were done in the client's home, but more often in his studio, which was well-stocked with furniture and background materials he chose for proper effect. He usually required eight to ten sittings from his clients, although he would try to capture the face in one sitting. He usually kept up pleasant conversation and sometimes he would take a break and play the piano for his sitter. Sargent seldom used pencil or oil sketches, and instead laid down oil paint directly. Finally, he would select an appropriate frame. Sargent had no",
"psg_id": "993712"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "approach that relied on the proper placement of tones of paint. This approach also permitted spontaneous flourishes of color not bound to an under-drawing. It was markedly different from the traditional atelier of Jean-Léon Gérôme, where Americans Thomas Eakins and Julian Alden Weir had studied. Sargent was the star student in short order. Weir met Sargent in 1874 and noted that Sargent was \"one of the most talented fellows I have ever come across; his drawings are like the old masters, and his color is equally fine.\" Sargent's excellent command of French and his superior talent made him both popular",
"psg_id": "993696"
},
{
"title": "John G. Sargent",
"text": "John G. Sargent John Garibaldi Sargent (October 13, 1860March 5, 1939) was an American lawyer and government official. He served as United States Attorney General during the administration of President Calvin Coolidge. John G. Sargent was born in Ludlow, Vermont on October 13, 1860, the son of John Henmon Sargent and Ann Eliza Hanley. He graduated from Black River Academy, and received his degree from Tufts College in 1887. Sargent was married to the former Mary Lorraine Gordon on August 4, 1887. They had a daughter, Gladys Gordon Sargent. Sargent studied law at a firm in Ludlow, was admitted to",
"psg_id": "3358806"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (Loyalist)",
"text": "John Sargent (Loyalist) John Sargent (24 December 1750 – 24 January 1824) was an American Loyalist during American Revolution who was exiled to Canada where he became a politician. Sargent was born in Salem, Massachusetts on 24 December 1750. He was the second son of Colonel Epes Sargent, by his second wife, the widow Catharine Browne. He was a younger brother to Paul Dudley Sargent, a distinguished Revolutionary War soldier, and the younger half-brother to Winthrop Sargent (1727–1793) and Daniel Sargent Sr. (1730–1806), a prominent merchant. His maternal grandparents were Ann Dudley, daughter of Joseph Dudley, and John Winthrop (1681–1747),",
"psg_id": "11996662"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Sargent Curtis",
"text": "Daniel Sargent Curtis Daniel Sargent Curtis (1825–1908) was an American lawyer and banker. He was a trustee of the Boston Public Library, director of the Boston National Bank and owner of Palazzi Barbaro, Venice. Curtis was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Thomas Buckminster Curtis and Maria Osborne Sargent. His maternal grandfather was Daniel Sargent, close friend of American President, John Quincy Adams. The Sargent extended family, an old Bostonian family whose ancestors arrived in America on the \"Mayflower\", included artist John Singer Sargent, Henry Sargent, and Lucius Manlius Sargent. His aunt, Nancy Brown (1794–1876), later known as Anne Sargent Gage,",
"psg_id": "18417563"
},
{
"title": "John Turner Sargent",
"text": "a non-profit group providing aid to children and families in New York City since 1806. It is the oldest non-sectarian childcare agency in the United States. He is a former Chairman of the Board. On September 21, 1985, Sargent married Constance Lane Murray. They met as graduate business students at Columbia University. John Turner Sargent John Turner Sargent Jr. (born c. 1956) is an American book publisher; he is CEO of Macmillan Publishers USA, the American operations of Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. John Turner Sargent Jr. was born in New York City to Neltje Doubleday and John Turner Sargent",
"psg_id": "16283609"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (Loyalist)",
"text": "of Nova Scotia. In 1784, Sargent married widow Margaret (née Whitney) Barnard in Boston. Together, they were the parents of three sons, all of whom also served in the Assembly, and a daughter, born in Nova Scotia: Sargent died in Barrington at the age of 73. John Sargent (Loyalist) John Sargent (24 December 1750 – 24 January 1824) was an American Loyalist during American Revolution who was exiled to Canada where he became a politician. Sargent was born in Salem, Massachusetts on 24 December 1750. He was the second son of Colonel Epes Sargent, by his second wife, the widow",
"psg_id": "11996665"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "avoided society and other Americans except for friends in the art world. Four more children were born abroad, of whom only two lived past childhood. Although his father was a patient teacher of basic subjects, young Sargent was a rambunctious child, more interested in outdoor activities than his studies. As his father wrote home, \"He is quite a close observer of animated nature.\" His mother was convinced that traveling around Europe, and visiting museums and churches, would give young Sargent a satisfactory education. Several attempts to have him formally schooled failed, owing mostly to their itinerant life. His mother was",
"psg_id": "993691"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "death that his sex life \"was notorious in Paris, and in Venice, positively scandalous. He was a frenzied bugger.\" The truth of this may never be established. There were many friendships with women: it has been suggested that those with his sitters Rosina Ferrara, Amélie Gautreau, and Judith Gautier may have tipped into infatuation. As a young man, Sargent also courted for a time Louise Burkhardt, the model for \"Lady with the Rose\". Sargent's friends and supporters included Henry James, Isabella Stewart Gardner (who commissioned and purchased works from Sargent, and sought his advice on other acquisitions), Edward VII, and",
"psg_id": "993732"
},
{
"title": "John G. Sargent",
"text": "assistant while he was U.S. Attorney General. He was also Chairman of the Vermont Commission on Uniform State Laws, and a trustee of the Black River Academy. Sargent died in Ludlow on March 5, 1939, and was buried at the Pleasant View Cemetery in Ludlow, Vermont. John G. Sargent's honors included honorary LL.D. degrees from Tufts, Norwich University, Middlebury College, and Dartmouth College. John G. Sargent John Garibaldi Sargent (October 13, 1860March 5, 1939) was an American lawyer and government official. He served as United States Attorney General during the administration of President Calvin Coolidge. John G. Sargent was born",
"psg_id": "3358809"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Sargent Sr.",
"text": "his niece Judith Sargent Murray and many of their correspondence were kept by Judith and now at the Sargent House Museum. John Singleton Copley portrait of Mary Turner Sargent is at Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco. Together, they had one daughter, who died young, and six sons: Sargent died on February 18, 1806 at his home in Boston, at the corner of Essex and Lincoln Streets. Through his second son Ignatius, he was the great-grandfather of Harvard botanist Charles Sprague Sargent (1841–1927). He was also the four-times-great grandfather of John Turner Sargent, CEO of Macmillan Publishers. Daniel Sargent Sr.",
"psg_id": "18478541"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (1750–1831)",
"text": "Member of Parliament for Seaford from 1790 to 1793, for Queenborough from 1794 to 1802 and for Bodmin from 1802 to 1806. In 1778 he married Charlotte, the daughter and heiress of Richard Bettsworth of Petworth, Sussex, with whom he had 6 sons and 4 daughters, including John Sargent, the clergyman and biographer. John Sargent (1750–1831) John Sargent (1750 – 9 September 1831) was a British Member of Parliament and administrator. He was born a younger son of John Sargent, MP of Halstead Place, Kent and educated at Eton College (1760–67) and St. John’s College, Cambridge (1767) before studying law",
"psg_id": "19565947"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (priest)",
"text": "sons (who died early) and five daughters, of whom the eldest, Charlotte, died unmarried. The others were: John Sargent (priest) John Sargent (1780–1833) was an English clergyman, academic and biographer. Wealthy by background but a country pastor, he was a prominent Evangelical who came to be regarded by others on his wing of the Church of England as an exemplary cleric. He was also centrally connected, by ties to other major Evangelicals of the time. He was the eldest son of John Sargent, M.P. for in 1790, and Charlotte (d. 1841), only daughter and heiress of Richard Bettsworth of Petworth,",
"psg_id": "17810453"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (priest)",
"text": "John Sargent (priest) John Sargent (1780–1833) was an English clergyman, academic and biographer. Wealthy by background but a country pastor, he was a prominent Evangelical who came to be regarded by others on his wing of the Church of England as an exemplary cleric. He was also centrally connected, by ties to other major Evangelicals of the time. He was the eldest son of John Sargent, M.P. for in 1790, and Charlotte (d. 1841), only daughter and heiress of Richard Bettsworth of Petworth, Sussex, born on 8 October 1780. He was educated at Eton College, where he was a king's",
"psg_id": "17810449"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Sargent",
"text": "one child before her death in 1804: Sargent died on April 2, 1842. Through his daughter Maria, he was the grandfather of Mary Fraiser Curtis and Daniel Sargent Curtis (1825-1908). Daniel was a successful merchant in Boston retiring to Venice and buying the Palazzi Barbaro Palazzo Barbaro became the hub of American life in Venice with visits from John Singer Sargent, Henry James, Whistler, Robert Browning and Claude Monet. Other members of the “Barbaro Circle” included Bernard Berenson, William Merritt Chase, Isabella Stewart Gardner, and Edith Wharton. Another supporter of the “Barbaro Circle” was Charles Eliot Norton. Daniel Sargent Daniel",
"psg_id": "17910057"
},
{
"title": "John Turner Sargent Sr.",
"text": "John Turner Sargent Sr. John Turner Sargent Sr. (June 26, 1924 – February 5, 2012) was president and CEO of the Doubleday and Company publishing house from 1963 to 1978, taking over from the previous president, Douglas Black. He led the expansion of the company from \"a modest, family-controlled business to an industry giant with interests extending into broadcasting and baseball.\" A socialite, he was active in New York's cultural circles. John Turner Sargent was born probably on Long Island, New York and was raised in Cedarhurst. He was the son of Charles S. Sargent and his wife. His paternal",
"psg_id": "10398355"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "but most wonderful that this wonderful performance should ever have been confused with that of an artist.\" And, in the 1930s, Lewis Mumford led a chorus of the severest critics: \"Sargent remained to the end an illustrator ... the most adroit appearance of workmanship, the most dashing eye for effect, cannot conceal the essential emptiness of Sargent's mind, or the contemptuous and cynical superficiality of a certain part of his execution.\" Part of Sargent's devaluation is also attributed to his expatriate life, which made him seem less American at a time when \"authentic\" socially conscious American art, as exemplified by",
"psg_id": "993737"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "friends. Biographers once portrayed him as staid and reticent. However recent scholarship has suggested that he was a private, complex and passionate man with a homosexual identity that shaped his art. This view is based on his friends and associations; the overall alluring remoteness of his portraits; the way his works challenge 19th-century notions of gender difference; his erotic and previously ignored male nudes; and some sensitive and erotic male portraits, including those of Thomas E. McKeller, Bartholomy Maganosco, Olimpio Fusco, and that of the handsome aristocratic artist Albert de Belleroche, which hung in his Chelsea dining room. Sargent had",
"psg_id": "993730"
},
{
"title": "John Turner Sargent",
"text": "family business. After his parents' divorce in 1965, Sargent Jr. and his sister divided their time between Wyoming with their mother and New York with their father. A graduate of Stanford University, Sargent Jr. earned an M.B.A. at Columbia University. By 1985 he was working as a business associate in the publishing division of Doubleday & Company. Through his career, he worked in many aspects of the publishing business. Sargent Jr. is the CEO of Macmillan Publishers USA, the American operations of Georg von Holtzbrinck Publishing Group. Sargent is a longtime member of the Board of Directors of Graham Windham,",
"psg_id": "16283608"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Pillsbury Sr.",
"text": "John Sargent Pillsbury Sr. John Sargent Pillsbury Sr. (born on December 6, 1878 at Minneapolis, Minnesota, January 31, 1968 in Palm Beach County, Florida) was an American businessman and industrialist known for his role as CEO at Pillsbury Company. His father was Charles Alfred Pillsbury co-founder of Pillsbury Company with his uncle John S. Pillsbury after which John himself was named. John's father had served in the Minnesota State Senate and his great uncle had served as Governor of Minnesota from January 7, 1876 – January 10, 1882. It was for this reason that John had wanted to pursue a",
"psg_id": "20855466"
},
{
"title": "Benjamin Sargent",
"text": "he was raised through high school. Sargent attended the Commonwealth School in Boston, Massachusetts and later Skidmore College where he studied Fine Arts. Sargent graduated Skidmore with a Bachelor of Science and a concentration in studio art. He opened Hurricane Hopeful in 2001 a seafood restaurant specializing in his famous chowders and lobster rolls. The restaurant was based on his upbringing in Cape Cod and a love for fishing, surfing and cold water. Sargent opened another restaurant just two years later called Surf Bar also with his Surf inspired menu. Sargent lived in Puerto Rico and St. John for some",
"psg_id": "14210231"
},
{
"title": "John Neptune Sargent",
"text": "John Neptune Sargent Lieutenant General John Neptune Sargent CB (18 June 1826 – 20 October 1893) was Commander of British Troops in China, Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements. Sargent was commissioned into the 95th Regiment of Foot in 1844. In 1847 he went to Canton to protect the local factories from violence. He was appointed Adjutant of his Regiment in 1851. He fought in the Crimean War at the Battle of Alma and was wounded; he also fought at the Battle of Inkerman and the Siege of Sevastopol of 1855 where he was again wounded. He also took part",
"psg_id": "14440283"
},
{
"title": "John Neptune Sargent",
"text": "He was also Colonel of the 1st Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers from 1891 to his death in 1893. He lived at Mount Mascal near Bexley in London. In 1852 he married Miss R S Champion and in 1863 he married Alice Mary Tredwell, daughter of the late Thomas Tredwell. John Neptune Sargent Lieutenant General John Neptune Sargent CB (18 June 1826 – 20 October 1893) was Commander of British Troops in China, Hong Kong and the Straits Settlements. Sargent was commissioned into the 95th Regiment of Foot in 1844. In 1847 he went to Canton to protect the local factories",
"psg_id": "14440285"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Wycliffe Sargent",
"text": "Lokoja and liked immensely ... purpose the common labourers who worked for the Company at Lokoja and one or two other posts farther north along the Niger. Encyclopedia of exploration, 1850 to 1940: continental exploration - Page 365 Raymond John Howgego - 2008 - No preview - More editions Daniel Wycliffe Sargent Daniel Wycliffe Sargent (born July 22, 1850, Birmingham, England. Died October 12, 1902, in Nigeria) was an early explorer of Africa, Agent General of the British Government who signed treaties with many African chiefs which allowed the British to establish the Southern Nigeria Protectorate. Sargent was listed as",
"psg_id": "17014559"
},
{
"title": "John Turner Sargent Sr.",
"text": "also for her father Ray Flaherty, a journalist with the \"Chicago Tribune.\" It is now called the Flaherty-Dunnan First Novel Prize. John Turner Sargent Sr. John Turner Sargent Sr. (June 26, 1924 – February 5, 2012) was president and CEO of the Doubleday and Company publishing house from 1963 to 1978, taking over from the previous president, Douglas Black. He led the expansion of the company from \"a modest, family-controlled business to an industry giant with interests extending into broadcasting and baseball.\" A socialite, he was active in New York's cultural circles. John Turner Sargent was born probably on Long",
"psg_id": "10398362"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Pillsbury Sr.",
"text": "Palm Beach County, Florida. His funeral was held at Plymouth Congregation Church and burial was at Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, Hennepin, Minnesota. There has been confusion between the identities of John's great uncle, himself and his namesake son because they all possessed the exact same name of John Sargent Pillsbury and they were all top executives at the same family owned company. John Sargent Pillsbury Sr. John Sargent Pillsbury Sr. (born on December 6, 1878 at Minneapolis, Minnesota, January 31, 1968 in Palm Beach County, Florida) was an American businessman and industrialist known for his role as CEO at Pillsbury Company.",
"psg_id": "20855471"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (1750–1831)",
"text": "John Sargent (1750–1831) John Sargent (1750 – 9 September 1831) was a British Member of Parliament and administrator. He was born a younger son of John Sargent, MP of Halstead Place, Kent and educated at Eton College (1760–67) and St. John’s College, Cambridge (1767) before studying law at Lincoln's Inn from 1770. He held a wide variety of offices: Director of the Bank of England (1778-79), Gentleman of the Privy Chamber (1784), member of the Board of Agriculture (1803), Clerk of the Ordnance (1793–1802), joint Secretary to the Treasury (1802–1804) and a Commissioner of Audit (1806–21). He also served as",
"psg_id": "19565946"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (Loyalist)",
"text": "son of Wait Winthrop, grandson of John Winthrop the Younger and great-grandson of John Winthrop, Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Sargent's paternal ancestor, William, came to America from Gloucester, England, before 1678. Among his first cousins was Dudley Saltonstall, a notorious Revolutionary War naval commander. Through his brother Winthrop, he was uncle to Winthrop Sargent (1753–1820), a major in the Continental Army who was appointed the first Governor of the Mississippi Territory by president John Adams, and Judith Sargent Murray, an early American advocate for women's rights, essayist, playwright, poet, and letter writer. Through his brother Daniel, he was",
"psg_id": "11996663"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "death in 1925. The Galleries held a major retrospective exhibit of Sargent's work in 1924. He then returned to England, where he died on April 14, 1925 of heart disease. Sargent is interred in Brookwood Cemetery near Woking, Surrey. Memorial exhibitions of Sargent's work were held in Boston in 1925, and at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, and the Royal Academy and Tate Gallery in London in 1926. The Grand Central Art Galleries also organized a posthumous exhibition in 1928 of previously unseen sketches and drawings from throughout his career. \"\" was sold in 2004 for US$8.8",
"psg_id": "993740"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "Sargent's best portraits reveal the individuality and personality of the sitters; his most ardent admirers think he is matched in this only by Velázquez, who was one of Sargent's great influences. The Spanish master's spell is apparent in Sargent's \"The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit\", 1882, a haunting interior that echoes Velázquez's \"Las Meninas\". As in many of his early portraits, Sargent confidently tries different approaches with each new challenge, here employing both unusual composition and lighting to striking effect. One of his most widely exhibited and best loved works of the 1880s was \"The Lady with the Rose\" (1882),",
"psg_id": "993702"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "to recover. They remained nomadic expatriates for the rest of their lives. Although based in Paris, Sargent's parents moved regularly with the seasons to the sea and the mountain resorts in France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. While Mary was pregnant, they stopped in Florence, Tuscany, because of a cholera epidemic. Sargent was born there in 1856. A year later, his sister Mary was born. After her birth, FitzWilliam reluctantly resigned his post in Philadelphia and accepted his wife's request to remain abroad. They lived modestly on a small inheritance and savings, living a quiet life with their children. They generally",
"psg_id": "993690"
},
{
"title": "John Singer Sargent",
"text": "He filled in the gaps between commissions with many non-commissioned portraits of friends and colleagues. His fine manners, perfect French, and great skill made him a standout among the newer portraitists, and his fame quickly spread. He confidently set high prices and turned down unsatisfactory sitters. He mentored his friend Emil Fuchs who was learning to paint portraits in oils. In the early 1880s Sargent regularly exhibited portraits at the Salon, and these were mostly full-length portrayals of women, such as \"Madame Edouard Pailleron\" (1880) (done \"en plein-air\") and \"Madame Ramón Subercaseaux\" (1881). He continued to receive positive critical notice.",
"psg_id": "993701"
},
{
"title": "John Cameron (singer)",
"text": "his pupils were the baritones Simon Keenlyside and Gidon Saks. Cameron died in London at the age of 84. His second wife predeceased him; he was survived by his daughter from his first marriage. John Cameron (singer) John Ewen Cameron (20 March 191829 March 2002) was an Australian baritone singer, who made most of his career in Britain. He became known for his portrayal of characters in modern operas by composers from Australia, Britain and continental Europe, and for his recordings with conductors such as Sir Thomas Beecham, Sir Adrian Boult, the young Colin Davis, and particularly Sir Malcolm Sargent.",
"psg_id": "16993988"
},
{
"title": "John Cameron (singer)",
"text": "John Cameron (singer) John Ewen Cameron (20 March 191829 March 2002) was an Australian baritone singer, who made most of his career in Britain. He became known for his portrayal of characters in modern operas by composers from Australia, Britain and continental Europe, and for his recordings with conductors such as Sir Thomas Beecham, Sir Adrian Boult, the young Colin Davis, and particularly Sir Malcolm Sargent. Following early concert and operatic experience in Australia he moved to Britain in 1949. He soon was engaged at Covent Garden, where he sang smaller, and some substantial, roles for three seasons. He next",
"psg_id": "16993980"
},
{
"title": "John Turner Sargent Sr.",
"text": "grandfather was botanist Charles Sprague Sargent, the first director of the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University. His father became successful in finance as a partner in Hornblower & Weeks, a securities concern in New York. The young Sargent attended the private St. Mark's School and a year at Harvard College before enlisting in the Navy during World War II. In May 1953 Sargent married Neltje Doubleday, who was 18. She was the granddaughter of the late Frank N. Doubleday, who founded the Doubleday publishing company in 1897. The couple had a daughter Ellen and son John Turner Sargent Jr. After",
"psg_id": "10398356"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Pillsbury Jr.",
"text": "of the Pillsbury Company. The other co-founder was Charles' uncle, also named John Sargent Pillsbury, who had been governor of Minnesota in the nineteenth century. Pillsbury went to preparatory school at Blake School in Minnesota and St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire. He obtained a degree in history at Yale University in 1935 and worked for the Pillsbury Company in 1936 and 1937. Pillsbury then attended the University of Minnesota Law School, where he was Editor-in-Chief of the Minnesota Law Review. In 1940 he received his LL.B. After obtaining his law degree Pillsbury practiced law with the Minneapolis law",
"psg_id": "16344764"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Turner",
"text": "wife of William Graham, and Sarah Elizabeth Jordan, the wife of Henry Jordan. John Sargent Turner Turner was born in Whangaroa, New Zealand in 1826 to Nathaniel Turner, a Weslyan missionary, and his wife Anne (née Sargent) and educated in New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land. He was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council in April 1878, serving until his death in July 1900. In 1861, Turner married Adelaide Mary Jane Ball and together they had three sons. He died in 1900 and was buried in Toowong Cemetery. Turner was survived by two sons, Major Leonard Haslewood Turner, and Leslie",
"psg_id": "18640834"
},
{
"title": "Irene Sargent",
"text": "age of 80. She is buried in Oakwood Cemetery. Her papers are held by Syracuse University. Irene Sargent Irene Sargent (February 20, 1852 - September 14, 1932) was an American art historian and leading advocate of the American Arts and Crafts movement, especially through her numerous influential articles in \"The Craftsman\" magazine. Sargent was famously reticent about her personal history, and little is known about her early life apart from the fact that she was born Jesse Irene Sargent in Auburn, New York. She was the fourth daughter of Rufus Sargent, a machine designer and tool manufacturer, and Phebe Sargent.",
"psg_id": "20960709"
},
{
"title": "Irene Sargent",
"text": "Irene Sargent Irene Sargent (February 20, 1852 - September 14, 1932) was an American art historian and leading advocate of the American Arts and Crafts movement, especially through her numerous influential articles in \"The Craftsman\" magazine. Sargent was famously reticent about her personal history, and little is known about her early life apart from the fact that she was born Jesse Irene Sargent in Auburn, New York. She was the fourth daughter of Rufus Sargent, a machine designer and tool manufacturer, and Phebe Sargent. There is no record of any formal education, but she apparently traveled in Europe after her",
"psg_id": "20960704"
},
{
"title": "Benjamin Sargent",
"text": "Benjamin Sargent Benjamin F. W. Sargent the “Brooklyn Chowder Surfer” (born October 26, 1977) is an American celebrity chef, restaurateur, television personality and artist. Chef, designer and previous owner of Hurricane Hopeful and Surf Bar both in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York City. Sargent has appeared on Food Network television program Throwdown! with Bobby Flay, as well as Martha Stewart American Chefs segment on The Fine Living Network. Sargent was also a contestant in Art Race, a twelve-part series airing on the Sky Arts Channel in the UK. Ben Sargent was born to Claudia and William Sargent in Cambridge, Massachusetts where",
"psg_id": "14210230"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Turner",
"text": "John Sargent Turner Turner was born in Whangaroa, New Zealand in 1826 to Nathaniel Turner, a Weslyan missionary, and his wife Anne (née Sargent) and educated in New Zealand and Van Diemen's Land. He was appointed to the Queensland Legislative Council in April 1878, serving until his death in July 1900. In 1861, Turner married Adelaide Mary Jane Ball and together they had three sons. He died in 1900 and was buried in Toowong Cemetery. Turner was survived by two sons, Major Leonard Haslewood Turner, and Leslie Mountford Turner. He was also survived by two sisters, Louisa Elizabeth Graham, the",
"psg_id": "18640833"
},
{
"title": "Sargent, Texas",
"text": "Fishing Pier would be \"temporarily halted\", due to lack of funds. This funding cut resulted in the pier coming in short at approximately 180 feet, barely reaching the water at low tide. Sargent has a volunteer fire department, a branch of the Matagorda County Library, and a community post office. The community is within the Van Vleck Independent School District. Sargent, Texas Sargent is a small unincorporated community located in the eastern corner of Matagorda County, Texas, United States. Sargent is a fishing, boating, and water sports community with a variable population, as most of its inhabitants are weekend commuters",
"psg_id": "8036891"
},
{
"title": "Bill Sargent",
"text": "6–12–1 record. He did accomplish his second goal, however, and was credited with recruiting an excellent class in 1948. He resigned both of his athletic posts mid-season on November 10, 1948 at the recommendation of his physician. Sargent later worked in the petroleum industry and traveled extensively. He was a vice president and the director of oil tool sales for the Sargent Engineering Corp. Sargent died on March 18, 1963 in Lynwood, California at the age of 56. Sargent suffered an apparent heart attack while at St. Francis Hospital. Bill Sargent William Hilton Sargent (February 25, 1907 – March 18,",
"psg_id": "15677920"
},
{
"title": "Fay Sargent",
"text": "\"The informer\" at the Gate. Sargent died suddenly on 23 December 1967 at home at 49 Mespil Road, Dublin. She was buried at Mount Jerome Cemetery. Fay Sargent Fay Sargent (born Mary Gertrude Hannan, 1890/1 – 23 December 1967) was an Irish singer, actress, and journalist. Sargent was born in 1890 or 1891 in Waterford. She was the only child of Terence Hannan. Her father died when she was an infant, leading her mother to move to England with her. They lived with her uncle, the Rev. Richard Hannan, at a parish at Lamley Moor, near Durham. There she was",
"psg_id": "20869898"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent (Loyalist)",
"text": "an uncle to Lucius Manlius Sargent, the author, antiquarian, and temperance advocate, Henry Sargent, the artist who was the father of Henry Winthrop Sargent, the prominent horticulturist, and merchant prince Daniel Sargent of Boston. Sargent, a Methodist merchant, was the very first signatory among the Salem Addressers of Governor Thomas Gage on his arrival in Salem in 1774, and thus during the American Revolution he was proscribed and exiled in the Banishment Act of the State of Massachusetts in 1778. Following his exile, he went to Barrington, Nova Scotia, where he attended the 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th General Assemblies",
"psg_id": "11996664"
},
{
"title": "John Sargent Pillsbury Jr.",
"text": "anchoring the ends of the Nicollet Mall in Minneapolis, the Northwestern National Life Building of the eponymous company which Pillsbury led, and Orchestra Hall, the home of the Minnesota Orchestra, which Pillsbury served as board chair. He was a board member for three educational institutions, several other nonprofits, and publicly held corporations. Long active in the Republican Party, he was an unsuccessful candidate for Governor of Minnesota. Pillsbury, born October 28, 1912, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, was a son of John Sargent Pillsbury and Eleanor Jerusha Lawler Pillsbury. The senior John Pillsbury was the son of Charles Alfred Pillsbury, a cofounder",
"psg_id": "16344763"
}
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] |
cuscatlan international airport is in which country? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "the left of runway 10. In 2017, 2,148,484 passengers passed through Mérida International Airport, a 10.2% increase from 2016. It became the 8th airport in the country to reach the 2 million milestone. Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International",
"psg_id": "5457486"
},
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International Airport. Mérida Center controls air traffic over the southeast part of the country. It handles both domestic and international flights, and is open 24 hours a day. It can service airplanes as large",
"psg_id": "5457484"
},
{
"title": "L.A. International Airport",
"text": "L.A. International Airport \"L.A. International Airport\" is a song written by Leanne Scott that became an international pop hit for the American country singer Susan Raye in 1971. The song was first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970. It reached #67 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. Susan Raye recorded her version of the song in 1971, which became an international hit. It reached #9 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. On other charts, \"L.A. International Airport\" reached #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song enjoyed much greater success outside of America and was a major pop hit in",
"psg_id": "11523741"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11 domestic and seven international destinations, complete with a 4267-meter runway which is the longest runway in use in Southeast Asia and capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers a year. It is the main operating base of Golden Myanmar Airlines. The Mandalay International Airport project was",
"psg_id": "8517034"
},
{
"title": "Mazatlán International Airport",
"text": "over the northwest part of the country. In 2016, the airport handled 973,440 passengers, and in 2017, the airport handled 994,283 passengers. Mazatlán International Airport General Rafael Buelna International Airport (, ), also known as Mazatlán International Airport (), is located in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. This airport is the most important in Sinaloa for its international operations, and second to Culiacan International Airport for its domestic operations. It has one terminal with two concourses. It is located on the southeastern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro",
"psg_id": "5265466"
},
{
"title": "Bonriki International Airport",
"text": "Bonriki International Airport Bonriki International Airport is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, and Kiribati's state-owned airline, Air Kiribati, both connect Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia. This service was suspended from July 2008 to November 2009. The",
"psg_id": "7433528"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have to stop over in Turkey. Because of these difficulties and inconveniencies, the majority of Turkish Cypriots with Republic of Cyprus passports prefer to use Larnaca International Airport, which is located in",
"psg_id": "5692735"
},
{
"title": "General Santos International Airport",
"text": "General Santos International Airport General Santos International Airport, (stylized as General Santos City Airport)(, ), is an alternate international airport located in the city of General Santos, Philippines serving the greater area of SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Situated in Prk New Hondagua, Uhaw, Barangay Fatima, the airport is the largest airport in the island of Mindanao and is officially classified an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a government bureau which is responsible in the management and operations of General Santos International Airport and all other airports in the country except regular international airports. Inaugurated on",
"psg_id": "7889566"
},
{
"title": "Benina International Airport",
"text": "Benina International Airport Benina International Airport () serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the town of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Bureau of Libya and is the second largest in the country after Tripoli International Airport. Benina International is also the secondary hub of both Buraq Air and flag carrier, Libyan Airlines. As of 17 July 2014 all flights to the airport were suspended due to fighting in the area. The runway length does not include a overrun on the",
"psg_id": "8032491"
},
{
"title": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport",
"text": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) (; ) is an international airport serving southeast Sri Lanka. It is located in the town of Mattala, from Hambantota. It is the first greenfield airport and the second international airport in the country, after Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. MRIA was opened in March 2013 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who ordered the construction of the airport. Initially, several airlines flew to the airport, including SriLankan Airlines which established a hub. However, due to low demand, most of these airlines left Mattala. As of June 2018 there are no scheduled flights",
"psg_id": "17115961"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport, which manages about half of the international flights in Venezuela. The earlier airport was Grano de Oro (1960 diagram) Runway 03L/21R length does",
"psg_id": "6521137"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035. Other related development projects are the planned bridging of \"Tagrin Bay\", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown. China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim",
"psg_id": "20642062"
},
{
"title": "Dushanbe International Airport",
"text": "Dushanbe International Airport Dushanbe International Airport is an airport in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. It is the a main hub for Somon Air and Tajik Air, with the latter having its head office on the property. In 1924 the first airport was built in the country, in the city currently known as Dushanbe. In November 1929 a new airport was built to serve Stalinabad (past name of Dushanbe). In 1964 the current airport complex was put into operation. Over the years the airport has been reconstructed several times. A new French-built terminal, which can serve 1.5 million passengers a",
"psg_id": "7286393"
},
{
"title": "Eldoret International Airport",
"text": "Eldoret International Airport Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya. Eldoret Airport, , is located in the city of Eldoret, in Uasin Gishu County, in the midwestern Kenya, close to the International border with Uganda. Its location is approximately , by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret. This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at above sea level, the airport has a single",
"psg_id": "11830734"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "late June/early July, Miami Air International from Toronto and Sun Country Airlines from New York. Air Canada Rouge made their inaugural flight from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Argyle International Airport on December 14, 2017. While Caribbean Airlines began weekly non-stop service between Argyle International Airport and New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport on March 14, 2018. On 2 May 2018, American Airlines announced new weekly nonstop flights to AIA from Miami which commenced on 15 December 2018. Year round flights from Toronto, New York City and Miami are now selling. The Argyle International Airport (AIA), which serves commercial passengers, as",
"psg_id": "14206543"
},
{
"title": "Voronezh International Airport",
"text": "stage, which is expanding its capacity for reception and service of most modern passenger and luxury types of aircraft. Voronezh Airport supports intermodal free transportation of passengers for 13 regions of the country. Any passenger is delivered to the airport for free. Voronezh International Airport Voronezh International Airport () (also recorded as Chertovitskoye Airport) is an airport in Russia located 11 km north of Voronezh. Serves the city of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk regions. July 10, 1933 - open regular air service on the route Moscow - Voronezh - Stalingrad on multi-seat aircraft K-5 in 1971 a new",
"psg_id": "9270157"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "planned. There will be new railways from Siewierz and Tarnowskie Góry to Katowice International Airport. Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is",
"psg_id": "4834653"
},
{
"title": "Moi International Airport",
"text": "Moi International Airport Moi International Airport , is the international airport of Mombasa, the second-biggest city in Kenya. It is located in Mombasa County, in a township called Port Reitz and features regional as well as intercontinental flights. Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and surrounding communities. It lies approximately , by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi during his tenure. At above sea level, the airport has two runways: Runway",
"psg_id": "8639703"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ). In 2015, under the leadership of the Organization of Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ), a new terminal is planned for construction. The new terminal would turn Kish International Airport into the 2nd largest airport of the country with a 4.5 million passengers capacity per year. 2.7 million passengers travelled through the airport that year. The Kish International Aiprort is the main host of the Iran Kish Air Show, the aviation airshow held biennially. Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the",
"psg_id": "9679327"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "Penang International Airport Penang International Airport , within the city of George Town, is one of the busiest airports in Malaysia. The airport is located near Bayan Lepas at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, south of the city centre. Previously known as the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was opened in 1935, making it the oldest airport in the country. Penang International Airport is a medium-sized airport with frequent connections to major cities in Asia such as Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Medan, Hong Kong and Taipei, and serves as the main airport for northern Malaysia. In addition, Penang",
"psg_id": "4867030"
},
{
"title": "Faisalabad International Airport",
"text": "from the airport. There are a number of connections from the railway station to other parts of the country. The Risalewala railway station is also located towards the south east of the airport which can be accessed via the Faisalabad Bypass. Traditional CNG powered rickshaws at the airport road entrance are quite popular amongst the local community. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Lahore in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad International Airport is",
"psg_id": "6408854"
},
{
"title": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport",
"text": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017 handling over 47.2 million passengers. Its passenger traffic was about 48.5 million in fiscal year 2017-18. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also.",
"psg_id": "1986487"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is an operating base for Enter Air, Ryanair Sun, Smartwings, Travel Service Polska and Wizz Air.",
"psg_id": "4834643"
},
{
"title": "Kigali International Airport",
"text": "Kigali International Airport Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Gregoire Kayibanda International Airport, but sometimes referred to as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. It is the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, and in addition serves as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located in the suburb of \"Kanombe\", at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali",
"psg_id": "7265031"
},
{
"title": "Shahjalal International Airport",
"text": "Shahjalal International Airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, ( \"Hôzrôt Shahjalal Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr\") , is the largest and most prominent international airport in Bangladesh. It is located in Kurmitola 11 miles (17 kilometres) in the northern part of the capital city Dhaka and it is also a part of \"BAF Bangabandhu Base\" used by the Bangladesh Air Force. The airport has an area of . The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) operates and maintains the airport. It started operations in 1980, taking over from Tejgaon Airport as the principal international airport of the country and was formerly known as Dacca",
"psg_id": "4685601"
},
{
"title": "Ventspils International Airport",
"text": "Ventspils International Airport Ventspils International Airport is an airport southwest of Ventspils, Latvia. It is the newest airport and, with Liepāja International Airport and Riga International Airport, is one of the three notable airports in the country. Ventspils Airport was founded in 1939. From 1940 on it was used by Soviet Aircraft. Once 1975 an asphalt-concrete runway () and an apron () were built. At that time there was an air control dispatchers point at the aerodrome and 40-45 employees worked in the airport. The aerodrome was used by aircraft AN-24, AN-2, YAK-40, MI-2. The flight range was small and",
"psg_id": "3628428"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "major hub in the nation. By the summer of 1940, SCATDA had changed to Avianca, and Barranquilla became its first major hub. Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky",
"psg_id": "20565434"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky S-38s from the main terminal at the seaplane port to many different parts of Colombia. It had also been an important stopover",
"psg_id": "20565431"
},
{
"title": "Cochin International Airport",
"text": "buildings. which is towards last phase of construction. Cochin International Airport is listed among the 12 major airports of India. Its safety and security is handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Cochin was the third international airport and the first private airport in the country to come under the cover of CISF in 2001, after the Central Government decided to hand over airport security to CISF in the wake of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814. Security was handled by the Kerala Police; Special Branch of Kochi Police before the",
"psg_id": "3160593"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "years. The previous operator was Myanmar's Ministry of Transport. In August 2013, the vendor technical team started the inspection of the airport to develop an airport Master Plan that included airport services and cargo-handling areas as well as anticipating future needs such as extending the airport’s buildings. Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11",
"psg_id": "8517041"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "by the Penang state government to expand the airport largely went unheeded by the Malaysian federal government, even though the airport has exceeded its maximum capacity of 6.5 million passengers. In 2017, the federal authorities finally announced plans to expand the airport to accommodate 12 million passengers per year by 2029. Penang International Airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport, and handles the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports after Kuala Lumpur International Airport. , the airport posted a record 7.23",
"psg_id": "4867035"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "of Northern Cyprus there are no non-stop scheduled flights between Ercan and destinations outside of Turkey. However, several airlines operate direct flights from Ercan to Europe with intermediate stops in Turkey. Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have",
"psg_id": "5692739"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "replaced the much smaller E.T. Joshua Airport as St. Vincent and the Grenadines principal airport. During the construction of the new airport, the International Airport Development Company (IADC) faced numerous challenges and controversies, causing major delays in the construction process. This resulted in the airport being completed 5 years after the originally forecasted completion date. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts the International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA), assessing the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of each country that has carriers operating to the United States and has classified Argyle International Airport, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Caribbean Civil",
"psg_id": "14206511"
},
{
"title": "Chennai International Airport",
"text": "near Pallavaram to which, passenger operations were shifted. The new domestic terminal was commissioned in 1985 and the international terminal was commissioned in 1989. The old terminal building is now used as a cargo terminal and is the base for the Indian courier company Blue Dart. On 23 September 1999, a centre for flowers, fruits and vegetables was commissioned at the cargo terminal. The new international departure terminal was commissioned in 2003. In 2001, Chennai Airport became the first international airport in the country to receive ISO 9001-2000 certification. During the early days, Madras Airport was one of the largest",
"psg_id": "2018969"
},
{
"title": "Multan International Airport",
"text": "airport. There are also a number of traditional rickshaws available at the airport parking area & entrance which are quite popular to travel short distance within the city. Multan Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station only less than 3 km away from the airport to get the railway connections for the other parts of country. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Multan in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Multan International Airport Multan International Airport ()",
"psg_id": "7179335"
},
{
"title": "Zvartnots International Airport",
"text": "Zvartnots International Airport Zvartnots International Airport (), is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within",
"psg_id": "3290804"
},
{
"title": "Malacca International Airport",
"text": "and airlines to promote tourism in the country. There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get in a taxi right away. Mahkota Medical Centre, Putra Hospital and Pantai Hospital provide free shuttle services on a daily basis from Malacca International Airport to their hospitals. Malacca International Airport Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor. The terminal complex is equipped with international-standard amenities that can handle",
"psg_id": "8550088"
},
{
"title": "Gan International Airport",
"text": "2012 to further develop and expand GIA. A joint venture was formed between GACL, MACL and State Trading Organization plc (STO). The new venture is Addu International Airport pvt ltd (AIA). Gan International Airport is now owned and managed by Addu International Airport pvt ltd. The airport lies at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a concrete surface measuring . Gan International Airport (GIA) is situated at the southern tip of the country, and allows international and domestic aircraft movements year-round. The Executive Terminal built for the SAARC summit in 2011 was",
"psg_id": "7413585"
},
{
"title": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport",
"text": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Côte d'Ivoire, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the Middle East. Usually, the airport is served by over 20 airlines, covering",
"psg_id": "12984619"
},
{
"title": "Hector International Airport",
"text": "Hector International Airport Hector International Airport is a civil-military public airport three miles (5 km) northwest of Fargo, in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The busiest airport in North Dakota, it is owned by the City of Fargo Municipal Airport Authority. Fargo Air National Guard Base is located adjacent to the airport. The airport was named after Martin Hector, who first leased, and then donated the original 50 acres of land to the city. Customs service is available for arrivals from Canada and other countries. Hector International has no scheduled passenger airline flights out of the country but has",
"psg_id": "1348057"
},
{
"title": "Tampa International Airport",
"text": "Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and \"Landside/Airside\" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,",
"psg_id": "1910972"
},
{
"title": "Norman Manley International Airport",
"text": "Norman Manley International Airport Norman Manley International Airport , formerly Palisadoes Airport, is an international airport serving Kingston, Jamaica and is located south of the island 19 km away from the centre of New Kingston. It is the second busiest airport in the country after Sangster International Airport, recording 1,502,973 arriving passengers in 2015. There are over 130 international flights a week that depart from Norman Manley International Airport. Named in honour of Jamaican statesman Norman Manley, it is a hub for Caribbean Airlines and Fly Jamaica Airways. It is located on the Palisadoes tombolo in outer Kingston Harbour; it",
"psg_id": "1931844"
},
{
"title": "Bălți International Airport",
"text": "Bălți International Airport Bălți International Airport , formerly known as \"Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport\", is one of the two airports serving the city of Bălți, Moldova. Located north of the city center, in the northern part of the country, it is the second largest airport of Moldova, servicing cargo and charter flights. Another airport in the area, Bălți City Airport, located within the city limits, is primarily used for emergency interventions of regional importance. The first scheduled flights to Bălţi started on 24 June 1926, on the route Bucharest – Galați – Chișinău - Bălţi - Hotin - Cernauti. The flights",
"psg_id": "10922317"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Airlines. Also located at the airport are the Republic of Nauru Civil Aviation Authority, tasked with airport security and operational management; the Directorate of Immigration, tasked with control of incoming and outgoing passengers, and the Nauru Customs Service. Nauru International Airport serves as the main hub of the national carrier, Nauru Airlines. Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using",
"psg_id": "7041854"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "VMSB-241 who was the first Marine aviator killed in action at the Battle of Midway while leading his squadron in an attack against Japanese carrier forces. The field was abandoned after the war, but reopened in 1969 as a modernized civilian airport. The airport is capable of accommodating Boeing 737s. Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial",
"psg_id": "6959403"
},
{
"title": "Denver International Airport",
"text": "Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights",
"psg_id": "1914674"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and operations began in January 1943. After the war, it was converted to a civilian airport. The airport is located in the Yaren district, just north of many of the government buildings, including the Parliament House, police station, and the secondary school. The airport holds the head office of Nauru",
"psg_id": "7041853"
},
{
"title": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport",
"text": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Sir Seretse Khama International Airport , located north of Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 and offers limited capacity to handle regional and (especially) international traffic. Nonetheless, it has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, BIH, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector. <br> On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,",
"psg_id": "6911552"
},
{
"title": "Owen Roberts International Airport",
"text": "Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \"waving gallery\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The",
"psg_id": "1931821"
},
{
"title": "El Alto International Airport",
"text": "the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of",
"psg_id": "5958370"
},
{
"title": "Swansboro Country Airport",
"text": "Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1",
"psg_id": "19127166"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had",
"psg_id": "9679325"
},
{
"title": "Da Nang International Airport",
"text": "Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\"VPAF\", the \"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An",
"psg_id": "6246652"
},
{
"title": "Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport",
"text": "long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Established in",
"psg_id": "13380190"
},
{
"title": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport",
"text": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district",
"psg_id": "6935645"
},
{
"title": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport",
"text": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\" (, \"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade",
"psg_id": "1367145"
},
{
"title": "Chiang Mai International Airport",
"text": "Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai",
"psg_id": "1924619"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,",
"psg_id": "6521138"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \"Songo Village\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The",
"psg_id": "20642061"
},
{
"title": "Trivandrum International Airport",
"text": "the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi",
"psg_id": "2402419"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs",
"psg_id": "7306563"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.",
"psg_id": "7306568"
},
{
"title": "Las Américas International Airport",
"text": "Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers",
"psg_id": "2985277"
},
{
"title": "Hobart International Airport",
"text": "entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in",
"psg_id": "3503437"
},
{
"title": "Lynden Pindling International Airport",
"text": "Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter",
"psg_id": "4470407"
},
{
"title": "Kelowna International Airport",
"text": "the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan",
"psg_id": "5049486"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The",
"psg_id": "5534228"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal",
"psg_id": "5534224"
},
{
"title": "Kempegowda International Airport",
"text": "is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and",
"psg_id": "7134230"
},
{
"title": "Athens International Airport",
"text": "Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll",
"psg_id": "593491"
},
{
"title": "Rafael Núñez International Airport",
"text": "Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen",
"psg_id": "5800890"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of",
"psg_id": "6959402"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan",
"psg_id": "14206509"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally",
"psg_id": "9025181"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)",
"psg_id": "3274563"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west",
"psg_id": "3274549"
},
{
"title": "Limón International Airport",
"text": "Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as",
"psg_id": "7649179"
},
{
"title": "Ahmad Yani International Airport",
"text": "Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military",
"psg_id": "8293891"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30",
"psg_id": "9025182"
},
{
"title": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport",
"text": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \"MEA\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \"TMA Cargo\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.",
"psg_id": "10778249"
},
{
"title": "Culiacán International Airport",
"text": "is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and",
"psg_id": "17405365"
},
{
"title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport",
"text": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \"Salisbury Airport\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to",
"psg_id": "6304099"
},
{
"title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport",
"text": "Zimbabwe has its head office on level 3 of the new International Terminal. In August 2018 Boeing Corporation announced that it in negotiations with Zimbabwean authorities to establish a regional hub for Boeing airplanes for providing training and expert technical services at the airport. Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built",
"psg_id": "6304104"
},
{
"title": "Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport",
"text": "It is among the fastest growing airports in Mexico, the busiest in the Southwestern region and the 14th in the country. The airport reached the million-passenger milestone for the first time on November 28, 2015. Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (), also known as \"Tuxtla Gutierrez International Airport\", is an international airport serving the Mexican municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It handles air traffic for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and central Chiapas, including the popular tourist destination of San Cristóbal de las Casas. It was inaugurated by President Vicente Fox and by the State's",
"psg_id": "10733506"
},
{
"title": "Lynden Pindling International Airport",
"text": "passengers to be processed by 2020, according to NAD. The airport contains US Border preclearance facilities allowing all US flights to operate as domestic flights upon arrival at their destination. In February 2015, the US Border Preclarence Facility installed 20 Automated Passenger Control (APC) self serve kiosks to improve the efficiency of passenger processing for US bound travelers. Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas",
"psg_id": "4470413"
},
{
"title": "Southern Zone International Airport",
"text": "with a long runway capable of receive the Airbus A380, but this project has been recently rejected by the government because of the high cost and the environmental impact such an airport can cause. The project will have a total cost of US $42 millions and the environmental impact and other assessment studies are under way. When open, the airport will be the third largest in the country, after Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber International Airport Southern Zone International Airport Southern Zone International Airport () (this is a provisional name, as the project has not received a formal",
"psg_id": "16253588"
},
{
"title": "Princess Juliana International Airport",
"text": "Princess Juliana International Airport Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The airport is located on the Dutch side of the island, in the country of Sint Maarten. In 2015, the airport handled 1,829,543 passengers and around 60,000 aircraft movements. The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport",
"psg_id": "5053058"
},
{
"title": "South Bend International Airport",
"text": "in the country. June 2017 brought the grand opening of SBN's International General Aviation Facility (GAF) which cleared nearly 60 international aircraft in its first partial year of operation. Within Indiana, the airport is third in passenger enplanements (305,491) after Indianapolis International (3,605,908) and Fort Wayne International (323,252). The airport is in second place behind Indianapolis in cargo operations and third in the state for overall take-offs and landings. Due to South Bend's proximity to Chicago, South Bend air traffic controllers work closely with Chicago Center and Chicago Approach Control to sequence aircraft into and out of Chicago's terminal airspace.",
"psg_id": "9053388"
},
{
"title": "Keflavík International Airport",
"text": "Keflavík International Airport Keflavík International Airport () , also known as Reykjavík–Keflavík Airport, is the largest airport in Iceland and the country's main hub for international transportation. The airport is west of Keflavík and southwest of Reykjavík. The airport has three runways, two of which are in use, and the airport area is about . Most international journeys to or from Iceland pass through this airport. The main carriers at Keflavík are Icelandair and WOW air, each of which has the airport as its main hub. The airport is almost exclusively used for international flights; most domestic flights use Reykjavík",
"psg_id": "4094729"
},
{
"title": "Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport",
"text": "Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport is an airport serving Kano, the capital city of Kano State of Nigeria. It was a Royal Air Force station before the country became independent. It is the main airport serving northern Nigeria and was named after politician Aminu Kano. The airport has an international and a domestic terminal. Construction started on a new domestic terminal and was commissioned on 23 May 2011. In 2009, the airport handled 323,482 passengers. Mallam Aminu Kano International Airport is the oldest in Nigeria and the first aircraft landed in Nigeria was landed in",
"psg_id": "9842292"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "Bank of China. Work began in March 2018 and completion was expected in 2022. This development project has drawn criticism from the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) because of the level of debt that the country would be left with. The project was cancelled in October 2018, following a change in government/president. The new Aviation Minister Kabineh Kallon said that the president saw no need for a new airport and prefered to refurbish Lungi International Airport and possibly build a bridge to link Lungi directly to Freetown. Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport",
"psg_id": "20642063"
},
{
"title": "Sabarigiri International Airport",
"text": "of India's holiest shrines, is 48 km from proposed Airport. Once commissioned, Sabari International Airport would be the fifth international airport in the State after Trivandrum International Airport, Calicut International Airport, Cochin International Airport and Kannur International Airport. The Sabarigiri International Airport is the 5th International Airport to be proposed in Kerala. The government approved the project on 19 June 2017. The airport construction will begin immediately if court verdicts in favor of Government of Kerala.The ownership dispute regarding the Cheruvally estate is pending before the High Court. As per the settlement register, which is the basic revenue record, it",
"psg_id": "20266787"
},
{
"title": "Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela)",
"text": "Simón Bolívar International Airport (Venezuela) Simón Bolívar International Airport or Maiquetía \"Simón Bolívar\" International Airport (, ) is an international airport located in Maiquetía, Vargas, Venezuela about from downtown Caracas, the capital of the country. Simply called \"Maiquetía\" by the local population, it is the main international air passenger gateway to Venezuela. It handles flights to destinations in the Americas, the Caribbean and some in Europe. The airport opened in 1945 as the Aeropuerto Internacional de Maiquetía. The site had been recommended as an appropriate location for an airport by Charles Lindbergh on behalf of Pan Am. The USA subsidised",
"psg_id": "9274640"
},
{
"title": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport",
"text": "the premises would go to MIAL. It would undertake the design and civil construction of the stations, costing 600 crore, on its own, and would pay the estimated cost of electromechanical equipment (around 177 crore) to MMRDA in three equal installments over three years. Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and",
"psg_id": "1986520"
},
{
"title": "Sana'a International Airport",
"text": "Yemenia did not have the traffic rights to transport passengers solely to or from Bisha. Sana'a International Airport Sana'a International Airport is the primary international airport of Yemen located in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. It serves the city of Sana'a. Initially, a small passenger terminal was built in the 1970s. The runway is shared with a large military base with several fighter jets and transport aircraft of the Yemeni Air Force. Due to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, a no-fly zone has been imposed over the entire country, as of 28 March 2015, so civilian flights have ceased",
"psg_id": "7241798"
},
{
"title": "Sana'a International Airport",
"text": "Sana'a International Airport Sana'a International Airport is the primary international airport of Yemen located in Sana'a, the capital of Yemen. It serves the city of Sana'a. Initially, a small passenger terminal was built in the 1970s. The runway is shared with a large military base with several fighter jets and transport aircraft of the Yemeni Air Force. Due to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, a no-fly zone has been imposed over the entire country, as of 28 March 2015, so civilian flights have ceased operation. The only flights operating from then on were flights by foreign countries to evacuate",
"psg_id": "7241795"
},
{
"title": "Cibao International Airport",
"text": "the JS31 aircraft. Air Century operated four weekly flights to Punta Cana and Santo Domingo-JBQ. They used Jetstream 31 aircraft. Since its inauguration, Cibao International has been projected to become one of busiest airports in terms of passenger traffic in the country. Presently it has become the third-busiest airport in the Dominican Republic, only being surpassed by the airports of Punta Cana and Santo Domingo. The airport served more than 970,000 passengers in 2006. Cibao Airport Corporation has expanded the international terminal, which now includes a new check-in area, an extension of the commercial area with a new food court,",
"psg_id": "7237417"
},
{
"title": "Hermosillo International Airport",
"text": "Hermosillo International Airport Hermosillo International Airport , also known by its ceremonial name, General Ignacio L. Pesqueira International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional General Ignacio L. Pesqueira), is an international airport located in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The airport handles several domestic flights and as well a flight to the U.S. to Phoenix. The facility is composed of one main runway (5/23), one alternate runway which is currently closed (11/29), taxiways, hangars, and a commercial terminal which has capacity for 9 or more aircraft. The airport normally serves as the primary alternate airport for flights headed to Tijuana International Airport, therefore, it is",
"psg_id": "2351967"
},
{
"title": "Rota International Airport",
"text": "Rota International Airport Rota International Airport , also known as Benjamin Taisacan Manglona International Airport, is a public airport located on Rota Island in the United States Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI), near the village of Sinapalo. The airport is owned by the Commonwealth Ports Authority. Although most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, Rota International Airport is assigned GRO by the FAA and ROP by the IATA (which assigned GRO to Girona-Costa Brava Airport in Girona, Spain). Rota International Airport covers an area of 800 acres (324 ha) which contains",
"psg_id": "7678451"
},
{
"title": "Hermosillo International Airport",
"text": "in 2017. Hermosillo International Airport Hermosillo International Airport , also known by its ceremonial name, General Ignacio L. Pesqueira International Airport (Aeropuerto Internacional General Ignacio L. Pesqueira), is an international airport located in Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. The airport handles several domestic flights and as well a flight to the U.S. to Phoenix. The facility is composed of one main runway (5/23), one alternate runway which is currently closed (11/29), taxiways, hangars, and a commercial terminal which has capacity for 9 or more aircraft. The airport normally serves as the primary alternate airport for flights headed to Tijuana International Airport, therefore,",
"psg_id": "2351969"
}
] | [
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"salvadoreans",
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"salvadoran people",
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"salvadorian"
] |
in the rockford files, what was jim rockford's daily fee? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "Cannell, who had written for Jack Webb productions such as \"Adam-12\" and \"Chase\" (1973–1974, NBC), to create \"The Rockford Files\". The show was credited as \"A Public Arts/Roy Huggins Production\" along with Cherokee Productions in association with Universal Television. Cherokee was owned by Garner, with partners Meta Rosenberg and Juanita Bartlett, who doubled as story editor during most of \"The Rockford Files\" run. In 2002, \"The Rockford Files\" was ranked No. 39 on \"TV Guide\"s 50 Greatest TV Shows of All Time. Producers Roy Huggins and Stephen J. Cannell devised the Rockford character as a rather significant departure from typical",
"psg_id": "1988874"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "Region 2. the pilot for \"The Rockford Files\" is in the season 2 set On June 27, 2017, Mill Creek Entertainment will release \"The Rockford Files: The Complete Series\" on Blu-ray in Region 1 for the very first time. In 2009, NBC, Universal Media Studios and Steve Carell's Carousel Television produced a revival of the show. David Shore, creator of \"House\", was hired to head the series. In February 2010, it was announced that Dermot Mulroney was cast as Jim Rockford, Alan Tudyk cast as Det. Dennis Becker, Melissa Sagemiller was cast as Beth Davenport, and Beau Bridges was cast",
"psg_id": "1988911"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "The Rockford Files The Rockford Files is an American television drama series starring James Garner that aired on the NBC network between September 13, 1974, and January 10, 1980, and has remained in syndication to the present day. Garner portrays Los Angeles–based private investigator Jim Rockford, with Noah Beery Jr. in the supporting role of his father, a retired truck driver nicknamed \"Rocky\". The show was created by Roy Huggins and Stephen J. Cannell. Huggins created the television show \"Maverick\" (1957–1962), which starred Garner, and he wanted to recapture that magic in a \"modern day\" detective setting. He teamed with",
"psg_id": "1988873"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "as Rocky. A pilot was filmed but never broadcast. Early audiences indicated that the pilot was not directed well. On May 13, 2010, the \"Rockford Files\" remake was canceled by NBC. A feature adaptation was in production by Universal Pictures as of 2012, with Vince Vaughn associated with the project as producer and star. After the death of actor James Garner in 2014, the film adaptation was postponed, but Vaughn is hoping to get the film project made. Stephen J. Cannell's script for \"The Rockford Files\" pilot episode The Rockford Files The Rockford Files is an American television drama series",
"psg_id": "1988912"
},
{
"title": "Jim Rockford (television character)",
"text": "Logan Echolls calls the titular character \"Rockford\", referencing Jim Rockford. Jim Rockford (television character) James Scott Rockford is a fictional character on the television series \"The Rockford Files\". The character, played by James Garner, is a struggling private investigator operating in the greater Los Angeles area. Rockford is the principal character of the series, and Garner was the only actor to appear in every episode of the series. Unlike many other fictional \"private eyes\", he is an ex-convict, albeit one who was falsely imprisoned (at San Quentin Prison) and later fully pardoned. One episode tells that because of the carelessness",
"psg_id": "4540022"
},
{
"title": "Jim Rockford (television character)",
"text": "as \"chicken,\" though often his actions speak otherwise. Jim lives in a mobile home on the beach at Paradise Cove, Malibu; though its exterior is somewhat ramshackle, inside it is very well appointed and homey. Jim dated many women during the course of \"The Rockford Files\" (with most relationships not lasting longer than a single episode), most notably his lawyer, Beth Davenport, whom he was said to have dated seriously before the series began. At some time between the end of the series proper (1980) and the first of the \"Rockford Files\" television-movies, \"The Rockford Files: I Still Love L.A.\"",
"psg_id": "4540020"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files (theme)",
"text": "(#8). It was also a Top 20 Adult Contemporary hit in both nations. \"The Rockford Files\" won a 1975 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement. The B-side track (or \"flip-side\") entitled \"Dixie Lullabye\" was also composed by Post and Carpenter. The Rockford Files (theme) \"The Rockford Files\" is a 1975 instrumental by Mike Post and co-composer Pete Carpenter. The song is the theme from the TV series \"The Rockford Files\" starring James Garner. It appears at the opening and ending of each episode with different arrangements. Throughout the show's tenure, the theme song went through numerous evolutions, with later versions",
"psg_id": "20292580"
},
{
"title": "Jim Rockford (television character)",
"text": "Jim Rockford (television character) James Scott Rockford is a fictional character on the television series \"The Rockford Files\". The character, played by James Garner, is a struggling private investigator operating in the greater Los Angeles area. Rockford is the principal character of the series, and Garner was the only actor to appear in every episode of the series. Unlike many other fictional \"private eyes\", he is an ex-convict, albeit one who was falsely imprisoned (at San Quentin Prison) and later fully pardoned. One episode tells that because of the carelessness of his parole officer, Rockford had to hire an attorney",
"psg_id": "4540014"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "The Bay City Boys' Club\". It was Garner's only directing credit in his entire 50+ year film career; in his autobiography, \"The Garner Files\", Garner states he only took on the assignment because the scheduled director was unexpectedly unavailable at the last minute. Familiar to viewers was Jim Rockford's gold Pontiac Firebird Esprit car. One oft-recurring element of the show was the famous \"Jim Rockford turn-around\" (also known as a J-turn or a \"moonshiner's turn\" - commonly employed as an evasive driving technique taught to Secret Service). Garner explained the move in his 2011 autobiography \"The Garner Files\": \"When you",
"psg_id": "1988890"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files (theme)",
"text": "The Rockford Files (theme) \"The Rockford Files\" is a 1975 instrumental by Mike Post and co-composer Pete Carpenter. The song is the theme from the TV series \"The Rockford Files\" starring James Garner. It appears at the opening and ending of each episode with different arrangements. Throughout the show's tenure, the theme song went through numerous evolutions, with later versions containing a distinct electric guitar-based bridge section played by session guitarist Dan Ferguson. The song spent four months on the charts and in August 1975 became a Top 10 hit in the U.S. (#10, for two weeks) and in Canada",
"psg_id": "20292579"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "with Universal regarding the profits from \"Rockford Files\" that lasted over a decade. The dispute caused significant ill will between Garner and the studio. The dispute was settled out of court in Garner's favor, but the conflict meant that the Rockford character would not re-emerge until 1994. Universal began syndicating the show in 1979 and aggressively marketed it to local stations well into the early and middle 1980s. This accounts for its near-ubiquity on afternoon and late-night schedules in those days. From those showings, \"Rockford\" developed a following with younger viewers, with the momentum continuing throughout the 1990s and 2000s",
"psg_id": "1988903"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "(decade) on cable. (The Ben Folds Five song \"Battle of Who Could Care Less,\" in which \"The Rockford Files\" is mentioned, is one example of the show's newfound youth following; furthermore, the \"Rockford Files\" theme song is played at the end of the band's concerts.) In 2006, the show was broadcast for a few months on Superstation WGN. In 2007, the Retro Television Network began broadcasting the program nationwide, as did the digital cable channel Sleuth and Chicago TV station WWME-CA. ION Television has rights to the show and it is slated for future broadcast. In the fall of 2009,",
"psg_id": "1988904"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "recurring roles were Gerry Gibson as Critch, the owner of the Sandcastle restaurant across from Jim's trailer; and Shirley Anthony as Sally, a friendly, cheerful grandmotherly type who frequented the precinct to (falsely) confess to crimes, and to knit sweaters while she waited. Golden Globe Awards Primetime Emmy Awards Writers Guild of America Awards Other Awards Universal Studios Home Entertainment has released all six seasons of \"The Rockford Files\" on DVD in Region 1. On November 3, 2009, they released \"The Rockford Files- Movie Collection, Volume 1\", featuring the first 4 post-series telefilms. On May 26, 2015, they released \"The",
"psg_id": "1988909"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "appears in 89 of the 123 episodes. Joseph \"Rocky\" Rockford: Rockford's father, Joseph \"Rocky\" Rockford, is an ex-Seabee, semi-retired, semi-truck driver who nags his son to find stable (and less dangerous) employment, often urging him to follow in his footsteps as a truck driver (especially in early seasons). The relationship of father and son was an integral part of the show. Rocky appears in 101 episodes, and usually becomes involved (like it or not) in his son's cases. Occasionally, he hires Jim himself. Jim Rockford's mother is never shown or named, and is very seldom referred to. Although never directly",
"psg_id": "1988880"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "pilot aired on NBC March 27, 1974, as a 90-minute made-for-television movie. In the pilot, Lindsay Wagner also starred and later made a return appearance. The pilot was titled \"Backlash of the Hunter\" for syndication. Four written but unproduced Season 6 episodes were referred to in \"Thirty Years of the Rockford Files\" by Ed Robertson (2005). There is no mention of these episodes being filmed. This would appear to be the source of the unsubstantiated rumor that four filmed but unaired \"Rockford\" episodes were destroyed in a fire in 1980. The Pilot Season 1 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4",
"psg_id": "1988906"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "and/or being placed on somebody's hit list. In spite of this, Jim considers Angel as one of his best, if most exasperating, pals. Towards the very end of the series, there is a noticeable cooling in Jim's attitude toward Angel in their often fractious relationship; however, the rift seems to have been repaired by the time of the reunion movies. Beth Davenport: Rockford has a close relationship with his attorney, the idealistic, tenacious Elizabeth \"Beth\" Davenport (Gretchen Corbett). In second-season episode \"A Portrait of Elizabeth\", it is explained that Beth and Rockford had dated for a time (prior to the",
"psg_id": "1988884"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) computer system, often annoying the already overworked cop. By the fifth season, Becker is promoted to lieutenant; it was stated in the episode where Becker is promoted that Becker's association with Rockford, considered by LAPD brass to be a shifty ex-con, had hampered Becker's chances for promotion. Chapman intensely dislikes it when Becker becomes his \"equal\". In season 6 episode \"The Big Cheese\", the third-to-last of the series, Rockford gets a degree of revenge when Chapman inadvertently makes incriminating statements about his tax evasion before an undercover IRS agent who is with Rockford. Becker",
"psg_id": "1988879"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "is a Little Chicken\", during which Rockford house- and cat-sits for an absent Beth) is the content of the answering machine message in any way connected to the plot or situations of the episode itself. In \"Guilt\" although not connected to the plot it does get referenced during the opening scene. The recorded message is Angel giving a racing tip and when Jim gets back to the trailer he plays back another message from Angel asking why Jim ignored the tip. The show went into hiatus late in 1979 when Garner was told by his doctors to take time off",
"psg_id": "1988900"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "work with the material on set, felt the rewrite was unsatisfactory, and could not figure out why it had been approved for shooting. When he discovered that neither Cannell nor any of the other production staff members knew anything about the rewrite, Garner issued a directive that Cannell, not Huggins, had final say on all script material. Though Huggins was credited as a producer for the entire run of the series, this effectively ended his creative involvement with the show, as he submitted no further material to \"The Rockford Files\" and did not involve himself in the day-to-day running of",
"psg_id": "1988888"
},
{
"title": "Jim Rockford (television character)",
"text": "discovered he was running a string of pool halls in Busan and stealing a Major General's car. He also forgot to return his service pistol and gets a call from the army about it after 23 years. A running gag is that, whenever Rockford gets involved with cases connected to members of his old Division, Jim is usually in trouble. (The reference to the 24th Division is an inside reference to James Garner's real-life service; Garner actually served in the 5th Infantry Regiment (United States) of the 24th Infantry Division, a.k.a. \"Taro Division\" during the Korean War.) Jim Rockford maintains",
"psg_id": "4540018"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "to a orange 1975 model in Season 2 (though in episode 202, \"The Farnsworth Stratagem\" she drove a 1972 Audi 100 C1) and using it through the first half of Season 3, last appearance in episode 311, \"The Trouble With Warren\". In Season 3, she switched to a Mercedes-Benz 450SL. The show's theme song entitled \"The Rockford Files\" was written by noted theme music composers, Mike Post and Pete Carpenter. It appears at the opening and ending of each episode with different arrangements. Throughout the show's tenure, the theme song went through numerous evolutions with later versions containing a distinct",
"psg_id": "1988896"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "Season 5 Season 6 TV Movies Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 2 Season 3 Season 4 Season 5 Season 4 Season 5 Season 6 Eight \"Rockford Files\" reunion TV movies were made from 1994 to 1999, airing on the CBS network (whereas the original series aired on NBC) and reuniting most of the cast from the original show. Beery died on November 1, 1994, so the first of these films, which aired later that month, stated, \"This picture is dedicated to the memory of Noah Beery, Jr. We love you and miss you, Pidge.\" (\"Pidge\" was Beery's nickname.)",
"psg_id": "1988907"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "Movie Collection, Volume 2\", five and a half years after the release of volume 1. They also released a 34-disc complete series collection on the same day. On April 18, 2016, it was announced that Mill Creek Entertainment had acquired the rights to the series; they subsequently re-released the first two seasons on DVD in Region 1 on July 5, 2016. On June 13, 2017, Mill Creek re-released \"The Rockford Files: The Complete Series\" on DVD and also released the complete series on Blu-ray for the first time ever. Universal Playback has released the first 5 seasons on DVD in",
"psg_id": "1988910"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Register Star",
"text": "where ads for national chains in the area are promoted along with the insertion of comics, the \"Go\" section, and USA Weekend magazine. In 2003, the newspaper formed an alliance with WREX-TV. Newspaper reporters are seen on WREX-TV's newscasts on a daily basis promoting stories found in the \"Rockford Register Star\", and the newspaper's website contains many videos of WREX's telecasted stories. Rockford Register Star The Rockford Register Star is the Rockford, Illinois, United States metropolitan area's primary daily newspaper. The paper took its name with the 1979 merger of two influential Rockford competitors, \"The Register Republic\" (founded , daily",
"psg_id": "9323178"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "beginning of the series), but she soon became aware of his emotional unavailability and lack of interest in a longterm relationship, and realized that they'd be better off as friends (although the two do seem to still casually date on occasion during early seasons). Others: After Corbett was dropped from the show following the fourth season (allegedly due to contract disputes between Universal, which owned her contract, and Cherokee Productions, Garner's company), a new legal adviser (John \"Coop\" Cooper, a disbarred attorney who befriends Jim), and a new romantic interest (Kathryn Harrold as Dr. Megan Dougherty) for Rockford were added.",
"psg_id": "1988885"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "used. In total, 122 different messages were created through the run of the original six series. The eight CBS TV movies (also referred to as season 8) feature a unique message. However episodes syndicated as \"James Rockford, Private Investigator\" use the same message; it was taken from episode 507, \"A Three-Day Affair with a Thirty-Day Escrow\". Each message is a standalone gag that often provides a small amount of biographical detail about Rockford, the people he knows and the activities that occur in his life as a Private Investigator. Only extremely rarely (such as in episode No. 209, \"Chicken Little",
"psg_id": "1988899"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "construction project in Rockford history. The facility is expected to be completed by 2019.Also in 2016, ATI, ABX and Atlas Air partnered with Amazon Prime Air and began operating multiple daily cargo flights from the Rockford Airport. According to the 2010 census, Rockford has an area of , of which (or 98.6%) is land and (or 1.4%) is water. Neighboring communities that border Rockford, and are considered an integral part of the Rockford metro area, are the cities of Loves Park, Machesney Park, Belvidere, and the villages of Winnebago, Roscoe, Rockton, Poplar Grove, New Milford, and Cherry Valley. Also of",
"psg_id": "1056089"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "Jim also uses Angel on a few occasions to play a supporting role in the elaborate con games that he sets up to sting especially difficult adversaries. Angel is himself forever running some sort of (usually very bottom-of-the-barrel) con game, and is consistently ready to sell anyone out at a moment's notice for his own benefit — and often does. In doing so, Angel almost always gets Rockford in trouble, usually by involving him in hare-brained scams ... often without Jim's knowledge, and never with his consent. As often as not, Angel's antics result in Angel's, Jim's and/or others' arrests,",
"psg_id": "1988883"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "the LAPD, Sgt. Dennis Becker (Joe Santos), a homicide detective struggling to advance in the department under a series of overbearing lieutenants. The two most notable are Alex/Thomas Diehl (Tom Atkins) during the first, second and fourth seasons and Doug Chapman (James Luisi) in the third to sixth seasons. Those higher-ups invariably dislike Rockford (and private investigators generally) because of their perception that either he is meddling in open cases or is trying to make the LAPD look incompetent in its handling of closed cases. Further, Rockford often calls Becker asking for favors, such as running license plates through the",
"psg_id": "1988878"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "series, the trailer is at Paradise Cove (address 29 Cove Road), adjacent to a pier and a restaurant (\"The Sand Castle\", now known as the \"Paradise Cove Beach Cafe\"). In the television movies from 1994–99, Rockford is living in a trailer that has been extensively enlarged and remodeled. In contrast to most television private eyes, Rockford wears low-budget \"off the rack\" clothing and does his best to avoid fights—although he will engage in fistfights when there's absolutely no other option. He rarely carries his Colt Detective Special revolver, for which he has no permit, preferring to talk his way out",
"psg_id": "1988876"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "OKG stood for \"Oklahoma Garner\" but that he does not know the origin of the numbers 853. Starting with the 1974 model year, Rockford would get a new model-year Pontiac Firebird each year throughout the series. The Firebirds used had an identical \"copper mist\" color with the Esprit's exterior and interior. Although the Firebirds were badged as Esprits, they were actually the higher performance \"Formula\" model without the twin scoop hood. Garner needed Rockford's car to look like the lower tiered \"Esprit\" model, a car Rockford could afford, but have the performance necessary for the chase sequences in the show.",
"psg_id": "1988892"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "Corps. After the war, it again served as municipal airport, closing in 1974. After its closure, the Machesney Airport became the site of the Machesney Park Mall, built in 1980. As of 2017, the Rockford region is not served by passenger rail service. From 1974 to 1981, Rockford was served by Amtrak via its Black Hawk route, a daily train service from Dubuque, Iowa to Union Station in Chicago with a stop in Rockford. The Black Hawk was discontinued in September 1981 as part of funding cuts to Amtrak. During the 2000s, interest increased in relinking the Rockford and Chicago",
"psg_id": "1056104"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Register Star",
"text": "Rockford Register Star The Rockford Register Star is the Rockford, Illinois, United States metropolitan area's primary daily newspaper. The paper took its name with the 1979 merger of two influential Rockford competitors, \"The Register Republic\" (founded , daily since ) and \"The Morning Star\" (founded ). In April 2007, Gannett announced it was selling the paper to Fairport, New York-based GateHouse Media. The \"Register Star\" is the fifth-highest circulation Illinois newspaper. As of September 2006, the newspaper's Sunday circulation was 70,300—the 163rd-largest in the United States. The newspaper is published from the Register Star Tower at 99 East State Street",
"psg_id": "9323176"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "on the telephone, whose number is 555-2368, it rings twice and then Rockford's recorded voice is heard providing the following greeting: The messages were usually unrelated to the episodes. They were a humorous device that invited the viewer to return to the quirky, down-on-his-luck world of Jim Rockford. The messages usually had to do with creditors, deadbeat clients, or were just oddball vignettes. Numerous celebrities and well-known contemporary public figures were used in the recordings. Though a distinctive and clever entry device, the messages became difficult for the writers to create. Suggestions from staffers and crew were welcome and often",
"psg_id": "1988898"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "Prize in 1931 for her efforts to promote international peace and justice. Laura Jane Addams (1860–1935) entered what was then Rockford Female Seminary in 1877 and became the first graduate to receive a B.A. degree from the newly accredited baccalaureate institution in 1882 (the school was renamed Rockford College in 1892, and Rockford University in 2013). Rock Valley College is a community college with several locations in the Rockford area. The main campus is the site of the Bengt Sjostrom Theatre. The former outdoor theatre now features a motorized retractable roof constructed during 2003. Serving Rockford, Cherry Valley, and portions",
"psg_id": "1056109"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Metros",
"text": "successor operation bought the rights to the game and its trademarks in bankruptcy proceedings and continues to play . Rockford Metros The Rockford Metros were an Arena football team formed by Arena Football League founder Jim Foster for the purposes of playing a \"test game\" in Rockford, Illinois in the spring of 1986 at the MetroCentre. The team was named after the MetroCentre itself. Players were taken from different semi-pro leagues in the area or those who just finished their final years of college football. They defeated the Chicago Politicians, despite Rich Salzer's two TDs, 30-18. The test was successful,",
"psg_id": "3041001"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Metros",
"text": "Rockford Metros The Rockford Metros were an Arena football team formed by Arena Football League founder Jim Foster for the purposes of playing a \"test game\" in Rockford, Illinois in the spring of 1986 at the MetroCentre. The team was named after the MetroCentre itself. Players were taken from different semi-pro leagues in the area or those who just finished their final years of college football. They defeated the Chicago Politicians, despite Rich Salzer's two TDs, 30-18. The test was successful, as the Arena Football League began operation the next spring with four teams and operated continuously until 2008; a",
"psg_id": "3041000"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Mill",
"text": "Rockford Mill Rockford Mill is a historic building located in Rockford, Iowa, United States. Vermont native J.T. Graham learned the milling profession in Sacramento, California during the California Gold Rush. After moving to Iowa in 1853 he built and operated several mills in the state. In 1871 he built the Rockford Mill with partner D.D. Cutler. It is a two-story gable building on a stone foundation. A shed roofed addition was built onto the east side of the building later. Graham was sole proprietor after 1875. What made this mill unique in Floyd County was that 90% of the work",
"psg_id": "19690354"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Michigan",
"text": "Rockford, Michigan Rockford is a city in Kent County in the U.S. state of Michigan. As of the 2010 census, the city population was 5,719. It is on the Rogue River and is 14 miles north of Grand Rapids. The Rockford area was first visited and inhabited by Native American cultures, such as the Hopewell, Mascouten, and Ottawa tribes. There have not been archeological finds of Native American settlements in the Rogue River valley, but their trails branched through the area and were noted by early surveyors. The first important settler of what would become the city of Rockford was",
"psg_id": "1098197"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Morning Star Building",
"text": "Express\" and the \"Rockford Star\", both first published in 1840. Both papers lasted only a year. The \"Winnebago Forum\", renamed \"The Republican\" in 1845, was the first city paper to have a lengthy publishing period (1842-1862). The \"Rockford Morning Star\" first published in 1888. It merged with the \"Rockford Daily Register-Gazette\" in 1928. Ruth Hanna McCormick Simms purchased the paper two years later, and again split the two papers, publishing the \"Morning Star\" as a morning daily. The paper was purchased by the Gannett Company in 1967, who merged the last two remaining Rockford papers in 1979 to create the",
"psg_id": "16120450"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Ohio",
"text": "Rockford, Ohio Rockford is a village in Mercer County, Ohio, United States. The population was 1,120 at the 2010 census. Deep into remote times dip the history of what once was Shanesville, later Shane's Crossing, and last by Post Office Department decree, Rockford. This community is rich in lore and legend. There is no doubt that the high ground adjacent to the St. Marys River at Rockford served as a camping ground and village site for Native American tribes long before Columbus discovered America. Weapons, tools, arrow heads and stone axes tell of long occupancy. From time immemorial the St.",
"psg_id": "1186962"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "However, the characters in the film are fictional; the Peaches did not compete for the 1943 league championship (as depicted in the film). Since Beyer Stadium was demolished by the time of filming, the city of Rockford was not featured in production. Rockford is the 161st largest radio market in the United States. It is ranked 136th by Nielsen Media Research for the 2015-2016 television season with 170,140 television households. The area is served by over 15 commercial radio stations, over 5 non-commercial radio stations, 2 low power FM radio stations, 5 TV stations and 1 daily newspaper. Rockford, Illinois",
"psg_id": "1056118"
},
{
"title": "Rockford IceHogs",
"text": "Rockford IceHogs The Rockford IceHogs are a professional ice hockey team based in Rockford, Illinois. They are members of the American Hockey League (AHL), having begun play in the League starting in the 2007–08 season. The team plays their home games at the BMO Harris Bank Center, and they serve as the top minor league affiliate of the National Hockey League (NHL)'s Chicago Blackhawks. The current Rockford IceHogs were founded in 1995 as the Baltimore Bandits and then relocated in 1997 to Cincinnati to become the Cincinnati Mighty Ducks. The Cincinnati Mighty Ducks suspended operations for the 2005–06 season due",
"psg_id": "10264998"
},
{
"title": "Rockford University",
"text": "Rockford University Rockford University is a private American liberal arts college in Rockford, Illinois. It was founded in 1847 as Rockford Female Seminary and changed its name to Rockford College in 1892, and to Rockford University in 2013. The university is known as the alma mater of Nobel Peace Prize winner Jane Addams, who was a member of the class of 1881. Rockford University was founded in 1847 as Rockford Female Seminary. It was the sister college of Beloit College, which had been founded the year before. The seminary's initial campus was on the east side of the Rock River,",
"psg_id": "4951287"
},
{
"title": "Rockford University",
"text": "The Trustees set general policy for the university. James Keeling: Chair of the Board. Rockford University Rockford University is a private American liberal arts college in Rockford, Illinois. It was founded in 1847 as Rockford Female Seminary and changed its name to Rockford College in 1892, and to Rockford University in 2013. The university is known as the alma mater of Nobel Peace Prize winner Jane Addams, who was a member of the class of 1881. Rockford University was founded in 1847 as Rockford Female Seminary. It was the sister college of Beloit College, which had been founded the year",
"psg_id": "4951292"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Airfest",
"text": "Rockford Airfest The Rockford Airfest was a two-day air show that happened every year at Chicago Rockford International Airport located in Rockford, Illinois, USA. Approximately 130,000 people attended the 2012 event. On December 16, 2016, it was announced via the event's website that the Rockford Airfest would be canceled for 2017 and would not run in future years. The website post cited major ongoing development at Rockford International Airport as the main cause for the cancellations. The airport began hosting the Rockford AirFest in 2005. From 1986 to 1994, the Greater Rockford Airport (as it was known until 2003) hosted",
"psg_id": "13764549"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Michigan",
"text": "where travelers crossed the river. The new name was narrowly approved. It was replatted under the name Rockford in 1865 and incorporated as the Village of Rockford in June 1866 with 315 inhabitants. The White Pine Trail runs through the downtown area of Rockford, next to the Rogue River and the Rockford Dam. The downtown area hosts a summer farmer's market on Saturday. The city hosts a Fall Harvest Festival. The Rockford Historical Society also hosts events. Rockford is served by the Rockford Public Schools. Rockford occupies/has annexed land formerly governed by the following townships: According to the United States",
"psg_id": "1098200"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Aviators",
"text": "Chillicothe Paints, to Rockford in time for the 2011 season after the former Rockford RiverHawks franchise moved to the Northern League in 2010 and folded following that season. The club operated as the RiverHawks for 2011 and 2012 before changing the name to Aviators. Rockford Aviators The Rockford Aviators were a professional baseball team based in Rockford, Illinois, and played in the Frontier League. Previously, Rockford had a team in the Frontier League called the River Hawks, who began FL play in 2002. There was no Rockford team in the FL in 2010. Rockford came back into the Frontier League",
"psg_id": "765145"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Rage",
"text": "was renovated to accommodate Soccer, so the Rockford Rage was forced to seek a new venue. While activity picked up as a travel team, local venues were few and far between, and the Boone County Fairgrounds was used as a temporary home in 2017. An agreement with the UW Sports Factory in downtown Rockford was struck in late 2017, and the announcement was made that the downtown Rockford venue would become their new home. March 24, 2018 will be the first time the Rockford Rage skates a home bout within the city limits of Rockford, IL. Rockford Rage Rockford Rage",
"psg_id": "16258255"
},
{
"title": "Rockford (album)",
"text": "For Classic Rock Revisited, Rick Nielsen was interviewed by Martin Popoff at the time of the album's release, with the article title \"The Rockford Files\". One question asked by Popoff was about the contrast between the assembly of the last two studio albums. Nielsen stated \"\"Well, this one wasn't done like, you know, we're going to make an album. We didn't sit down and block off one month in one place. We did it over a year. We mixed it all at one time, but we recorded it... well, just look at the credits: L.A., New York, Boston, Rockford, Chicago,",
"psg_id": "7338187"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Minnesota",
"text": "Rockford, Minnesota Rockford is a city in Wright and Hennepin counties in the U.S. state of Minnesota. The population was 4,316 at the 2010 census. While Rockford is mainly located within Wright County, a small part of the city extends into Hennepin County. It is part of the Minneapolis–Saint Paul metropolitan statistical area. Minnesota State Highway 55 serves as a main route in the city. Rockford was platted in 1857, and named for a nearby rocky ford on the Crow River. A post office has been in operation at Rockford since 1856. Rockford was incorporated in 1881. According to the",
"psg_id": "1330893"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Aviators",
"text": "Rockford Aviators The Rockford Aviators were a professional baseball team based in Rockford, Illinois, and played in the Frontier League. Previously, Rockford had a team in the Frontier League called the River Hawks, who began FL play in 2002. There was no Rockford team in the FL in 2010. Rockford came back into the Frontier League in 2011 and changed the team name to Aviators on January 27, 2013. In 2011, the Aviators moved into their most recent home, Aviators Stadium, located in Loves Park, Illinois. The Aviators franchise was relocated from Chillicothe, Ohio, where they were known as the",
"psg_id": "765144"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Foresters",
"text": "Rockford Foresters The Rockford Foresters were a collegiate summer baseball team based in Rockford, Illinois. The team began play at Marinelli Field in downtown Rockford in 2010. The team is a member of the Midwest Collegiate League and consists of college players playing in collegiate summer ball leagues. The Rockford Foresters, an amateur team, were formed by Owner and Team President Joe Stefani of Three Strikes Baseball and other investors including a former owner of the American Hockey League's Rockford IceHogs. The team was formally announced in November, and the team announced the team name and logo at a press",
"psg_id": "14184793"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Airfest",
"text": "minute to fill the Sunday show. Sponsored by United Bank Card, the Black Diamond Jet Team is a five-jet (L-39 Albatros, Canadair T-33) team based out of Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Rockford Airfest The Rockford Airfest was a two-day air show that happened every year at Chicago Rockford International Airport located in Rockford, Illinois, USA. Approximately 130,000 people attended the 2012 event. On December 16, 2016, it was announced via the event's website that the Rockford Airfest would be canceled for 2017 and would not run in future years. The website post cited major ongoing development at Rockford International Airport as the",
"psg_id": "13764551"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Washington",
"text": "Rockford, Washington Rockford is a town in Spokane County, Washington, United States. The population was 470 at the 2010 census. Rockford was first settled in 1878 by D.C. Farnsworth. The town took its name from a rocky ford on Rock Creek. Rockford was incorporated as a town in 1890. Rockford is located at (47.450891, -117.132870). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all of it land. As of the census of 2010, there were 470 people, 192 households, and 136 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were",
"psg_id": "1247254"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "established the city as a manufacturing base. The Rockford Union Furniture Company, under John Erlander, spearheaded these cooperatives. Today, Erlander's home is a Rockford museum that shows his efforts in elevating Rockford to second in furniture manufacturing in the nation, behind Grand Rapids. During the Civil War, one of the first Illinois regiments to be mobilized, the Zouaves, were from Rockford. The city also served as the site for Camp Fuller, a training site for four other infantry regiments. In 1884, Rockford established its first city-wide public school district, constructing Rockford Central High School in 1885; following the construction of",
"psg_id": "1056078"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "post office (with Daniel Shaw Haight as the first postmaster). In 1840, the first weekly newspaper began circulation. In 1847, Rockford Female Seminary (today Rockford University) was founded. In 1852, Rockford was officially chartered as a city; a year later, the long-running \"Forest City\" nickname first appeared, used by the New York Tribune. Also in 1852, the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad connected Rockford to Chicago by railroad. At the time of its founding, many of the village's residents were transplants from the Northeastern United States and upstate New York. Descended from English Puritans, the Midway/Rockford population was similar to",
"psg_id": "1056075"
},
{
"title": "Rockford (album)",
"text": "Rockford. Rockford (album) Rockford is the fifteenth studio album by Cheap Trick, released on June 6, 2006. The album's title refers to Rockford, Illinois, the band's hometown. With the band's 2003 album \"Special One\", which was Cheap Trick's first studio album in six years, the band released the album under Big3 Entertainment, alongside their own label Cheap Trick Unlimited. In June 2006, Cheap Trick released \"Rockford\" on through Big3 Records. The first single from the album was \"Perfect Stranger\" (produced by Linda Perry and co-written by Cheap Trick and Perry). The following singles \"Come On, Come On, Come On\" and",
"psg_id": "7338196"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Rivets",
"text": "Rockford Rivets The Rockford Rivets are a baseball team that plays in the Northwoods League (a collegiate summer baseball league). Based in Rockford, Illinois, the Rivets play their home games at Rivets Stadium in nearby Loves Park. Following the demise of the Frontier League's Rockford Aviators, their ballpark was put on the market. On October 14, 2015, the Northwoods League officially announced that Rockford Baseball Properties, LLC (composed of league president Dick Radatz, Jr. and Chad Bauer) had purchased the ballpark and would field a team in the league to begin play in the 2016 season. The team would be",
"psg_id": "19325359"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "them for rental); one-speed and three-speed units are in use. In 1946, after Camp Grant closed, the state of Illinois allowed for the establishment of an airport to serve Rockford. Built on the portion of the Camp Grant property between the Rock River and US 51 (now Illinois 251), the Greater Rockford Airport was between the southern border of Rockford and New Milford. Opened in 1946, the Greater Rockford Airport opened its current passenger terminal in 1987. In 1994, United Parcel Service (UPS) opened the first of its two facilities at the airport; Rockford is home to the second-largest UPS",
"psg_id": "1056102"
},
{
"title": "Rockford IceHogs",
"text": "to the lack of an NHL affiliate after their previous affiliates, the Detroit Red Wings and the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim, signed new agreements with the Grand Rapids Griffins and the Portland Pirates, respectively. The franchise was later renamed the Cincinnati RailRaiders, but failed to reach a goal of 2,000 season tickets to re-enter the AHL for the 2006–07 season. On March 19, 2007, the AHL announced that the team had been purchased and relocated them to Rockford to become the present-day Rockford IceHogs. Rockford IceHogs The Rockford IceHogs are a professional ice hockey team based in Rockford, Illinois. They",
"psg_id": "10264999"
},
{
"title": "Jim Rockford (television character)",
"text": "(1994), Jim married Halley \"Kit\" Kittredge (Joanna Cassidy), who appears in an early scene. It is unknown when they were married, for how long, or the reason for their divorce. They had no children. In 1999, \"TV Guide\" ranked him # 25 on its 50 Greatest TV Characters of All Time list. AOL TV named him one of TV's Smartest Detectives. The detective story writer Stuart M. Kaminsky has written two books with Jim Rockford as the main character, entitled \"The Green Bottle\" and \"The Devil on My Doorstep\". In \"Ruskie Business\", an episode of the television series \"Veronica Mars\",",
"psg_id": "4540021"
},
{
"title": "Jim Rockford (television character)",
"text": "a close relationship with his father Joseph \"Rocky\" Rockford, and his closest friend is LAPD Sgt. (later Lt.) Dennis Becker (who also serves as his LAPD contact). He remains in contact with a number of ex-cons whom he met in San Quentin, most prominently Angel Martin (Stuart Margolin), who provides comic relief in many episodes; a running gag is that Angel's hare-brained con jobs usually get Jim in some kind of trouble. Jim enjoys fishing, and would rather spend time doing that than working. He is frequently seen eating tacos and sometimes has them for breakfast. He often describes himself",
"psg_id": "4540019"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Forest Citys",
"text": "Rockford Forest Citys Rockford Forest Citys (officially the Forest City Club), from Rockford, Illinois was one of the first professional baseball clubs. Rockford played for one season during the National Association inaugural year of 1871. From 1868 to 1870, future Hall of Famer Albert Spalding and infielder Ross Barnes starred for Rockford while the club was still considered an 'amateur' team. In reality, the Forest Citys were one of the first ball clubs to pay players. Rockford played their home games at the Agricultural Society Fair Grounds. Rockford finished with 4 wins and 21 losses, 15½ games behind the champion",
"psg_id": "4907774"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, North Carolina",
"text": "building, along with two adjacent properties, were purchased by Evelyn Holyfield and her brother, Robert Hardin Holyfield, in 1970. Following their deaths, the Holyfield family on December 31, 2001 donated all three properties to the Rockford Preservation Society. Rockford, North Carolina Rockford is an unincorporated community and former town in southern Surry County, North Carolina. Rockford is situated along the Yadkin River in the Rockford Township of southern Surry County. Rockford sits along the former Southern Railway, now used by the Yadkin Valley Railroad, which follows the Yadkin River through Surry County. Rockford was founded in 1790 to be the",
"psg_id": "10221399"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "Rockford, Illinois Rockford is a city in Winnebago County in the U.S. state of Illinois, in far northern Illinois. Located on the banks of the Rock River, Rockford is the county seat of Winnebago County (a small portion of the city is located in Ogle County). The largest city in Illinois outside of the Chicago metropolitan area, Rockford is the third-largest city in the state and the 171st most populous in the United States According to 2010 U.S. Census Data, the City of Rockford had a population of 152,871, with an outlying metropolitan area population of 348,360. The City of",
"psg_id": "1056071"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "Dougherty was a blind highly independent psychiatrist, who makes three appearances in the fifth and sixth seasons. Rockford has romantic flings with numerous women, but none become permanent. James Garner's real-life brother, Jack Garner, made 23 appearances playing (at various times) a policeman, a gas station attendant, and a stranger in a bathroom. The most regular character Jack played was that of police officer \"Captain McEnroe\" a number of times in the final season. The show's pilot was written by Cannell, who also wrote 36 episodes and was the show's co-creator. Juanita Bartlett, one of the show's producers and Garner's",
"psg_id": "1988886"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "four years. The Rockford City Council consists of 14 aldermen, individually elected from each ward in the city. The City Council, as of May 2017, consists of: In contrast to other large cities in Illinois, Rockford is within a single township. By area and population, Rockford Township is the largest township in Illinois. Operating separately from the city of Rockford, the township performs civil services for several unincorporated areas of the city, as well as for other areas of the township outside of city limits. As of January 2017, the ten largest employers in Rockford, Illinois are: Mrs. Fisher's, also",
"psg_id": "1056099"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Peaches",
"text": "Rockford Peaches The Rockford Peaches were a women's professional baseball team who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. A founding member, the team represented Rockford, Illinois. </small> The Peaches were one of two teams to play in every AAGPBL season, the other being the South Bend Blue Sox. They played their home games at Beyer Stadium on 15th Avenue in Rockford. The team's uniform consisted of a peach colored dress featuring the Rockford city seal centered on the chest, along with red socks and cap. In later years, the Peaches wore a white home uniform with",
"psg_id": "4944490"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "options that were not part of the \"Esprit\" package, as well as spot the different model year cars used in various chase scenes that differed from those in an actual episode, especially in later seasons). Although the series ran until early 1980, no Firebird was used past the 1978 model year as Garner reportedly was displeased with the restyled front end of the 1979 and later Firebird models and as such did not wish them featured on the show (although an answering machine message in one episode in the final season indicated his car was 1979 Firebird). Joseph \"Rocky\" Rockford",
"psg_id": "1988894"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, North Carolina",
"text": "Rockford, North Carolina Rockford is an unincorporated community and former town in southern Surry County, North Carolina. Rockford is situated along the Yadkin River in the Rockford Township of southern Surry County. Rockford sits along the former Southern Railway, now used by the Yadkin Valley Railroad, which follows the Yadkin River through Surry County. Rockford was founded in 1790 to be the county seat of Surry after Surry was split to form Stokes County (including then modern-day Forsyth County as well as Stokes). The community was incorporated in 1819 but has been municipally inactive for many years . When the",
"psg_id": "10221395"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "electric guitar-based bridge section played by session guitarist Dan Ferguson. The theme song was released as a single and spent two weeks at No. 10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, in August 1975. The B-side track (or \"flip-side\") titled \"Dixie Lullabye\" was also composed by Post and Carpenter. The single remained on the chart for 16 weeks and won a 1975 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement. Each episode began with the image of Rockford's answering machine, and the opening title sequence was accompanied by someone leaving Rockford a message on a Dictaphone remote Ansafone 660. As the camera focuses",
"psg_id": "1988897"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "because of numerous knee injuries and back trouble, as well as an ulcer. He sustained the former conditions largely because of his insistence on performing most of his own stunts, especially those involving fist fights or car chases. Because of his physical pain, Garner eventually opted not to continue with the show some months later, and NBC cancelled the program in mid-season. It was alleged that \"Rockford\" had become very expensive to produce, mainly due to the location filming and use of high-end actors as guest stars. According to sources, NBC and Universal claimed the show was generating a deficit",
"psg_id": "1988901"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "television detectives of the time, essentially Bret Maverick as a modern detective. Rockford had served time in California's San Quentin Prison in the 1960s due to a wrongful conviction. After five years, he was pardoned. His infrequent jobs as a private investigator barely allow him to maintain his dilapidated mobile home (which doubles as his office) in a parking lot on a Malibu, California beach. In early episodes of the first season, Rockford's trailer is located in a parking lot alongside the highway at 2354 Beach Boulevard (Pacific Coast Highway), Malibu and near the ocean; for the rest of the",
"psg_id": "1988875"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Alabama",
"text": "Rockford, Alabama Rockford is a town in Coosa County, Alabama, United States. At the 2010 census the population was 477. The town is the county seat of Coosa County and is part of the Talladega-Sylacauga Micropolitan Statistical Area. Coosa County was created by an act of the Alabama State Legislature on December 18, 1832 and a site on Hatchet Creek was chosen as the county seat and given the name Lexington. In 1835 the name was changed to Rockford. Rockford is located at (32.888181, -86.219575). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of of which",
"psg_id": "990727"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Tennessee",
"text": "Rockford, Tennessee Rockford is a city in Blount County, Tennessee, United States. Its population was 798 at the 2000 census and 856 at the 2010 census. It is included in the Knoxville, Tennessee Metropolitan Statistical Area. Rockford is named for a river ford used by early 19th-century settlers and merchants travelling between Knoxville and Maryville. As its name implies, the ford was unusually rocky, and thus preferred by travellers, as large amounts of silt and sand made much of the Little River difficult to cross. The community was called \"Rocky Ford\" by the early 1800s. Rockford incorporated as a city",
"psg_id": "1224890"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Mill",
"text": "operator had to rely on electrical power alone in 1952. It was the last feed mill operation left in the county by that time. The decline in farming operations brought local feed milling to an end. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. Rockford Mill Rockford Mill is a historic building located in Rockford, Iowa, United States. Vermont native J.T. Graham learned the milling profession in Sacramento, California during the California Gold Rush. After moving to Iowa in 1853 he built and operated several mills in the state. In 1871 he built the Rockford",
"psg_id": "19690356"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Rage",
"text": "Rockford Rage Rockford Rage is a women's flat track roller derby league based in Rockford, Illinois. Founded in 2006, the league consists of a single team which competes against teams from other leagues. Rockford is a member of the Women's Flat Track Derby Association (WFTDA). The league was founded in mid-2006 by Rebecca Engebretson and others, with its first practices held in the parking lot of a Borders bookstore. Its first bout was played in December, 2006, an interleague contest between the Demolition Dolls and the Screw City Slammers, part of a four team inter-league squad that also included the",
"psg_id": "16258253"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "air package operation (after Worldport in Louisville, Kentucky). Following the loss of passenger service at the airport from 2001 to 2003, the Greater Rockford Airport underwent several name changes, becoming the Chicago Rockford International Airport in 2007. Since the restoration of passenger service in 2003, the Rockford airport primarily markets its passenger service for leisure travelers, offering flights by Allegiant Air along with charter operations on a seasonal basis. Machesney Airport, located north of the city, was opened in 1927 as a private airport serving the Rockford area. During World War II, the airport was utilized by the Army Air",
"psg_id": "1056103"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Institute",
"text": "\"Chronicles of Culture\", the magazine was originally published by Leopold Tyrmand and John A. Howard. Thomas Fleming joined the Institute's staff in 1984 and became editor in 1985, after Tyrmand died. Fleming changed the title to \"Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture\". Chronicles also promoted the activities of the John Randolph Club, a project of the Rockford Institute to promote dialogue and alliances between paleoconservatives and paleolibertarians. It was dissolved in the late 1990s. Rockford Institute The Rockford Institute is an American conservative think-tank associated with paleoconservatism, based in Rockford, Illinois. It ran the John Randolph Club and publishes \"Chronicles",
"psg_id": "8902036"
},
{
"title": "Rockford (album)",
"text": "Rockford (album) Rockford is the fifteenth studio album by Cheap Trick, released on June 6, 2006. The album's title refers to Rockford, Illinois, the band's hometown. With the band's 2003 album \"Special One\", which was Cheap Trick's first studio album in six years, the band released the album under Big3 Entertainment, alongside their own label Cheap Trick Unlimited. In June 2006, Cheap Trick released \"Rockford\" on through Big3 Records. The first single from the album was \"Perfect Stranger\" (produced by Linda Perry and co-written by Cheap Trick and Perry). The following singles \"Come On, Come On, Come On\" and \"If",
"psg_id": "7338185"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Central High School",
"text": "Rockford Central High School Rockford High School (sometimes referred to as Rockford Central High School) is a defunct high school of Rockford Public School District 205 in Rockford, Illinois. Opened in 1885, Rockford High School was the first school opened by the newly formed (citywide) school district. Standing for 130 years, Rockford High School would serve as a high school from 1885 until 1940, when city growth necessitated its replacement with two separate high schools. From 1940 to 2011, the building was repurposed, serving as the administration offices of the school district. As of the 2017-2018 school year, Rockford Public",
"psg_id": "15431435"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Speedway",
"text": "you might say, which is the central Wisconsin area. I never ran somewhere except in my own little circuit, but I had won there. The first time I ever stepped out of the central Wisconsin area was to the Rockford Nationals in 1966.\" Rockford Speedway Rockford Speedway is a 1/4 mile short track high banked asphalt oval located in Loves Park, Illinois on Illinois Route 173. Rockford Speedway and Chicagoland Speedway are the only racetracks running under NASCAR sanctions in Illinois. It hosts weekly local-level events during the summer racing season as well as occasional regional- and national-level events. Notable",
"psg_id": "12545223"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Fury",
"text": "by a score of 100-86. The team moved to Rockford College in Rockford, Illinois for 2007-08. Also, because of the \"Rollers\" nickname and logo referenced gambling, they changed their name to the Rock River Fury. . On August 27, the Fury announced they would be moving to the PBL along with their brother franchise, the Quad City Riverhawks. The Fury met their end in the summer of 2008 when the PBL added a rule prohibiting one owner having multiple teams in the league. The Riverhawks were maintained and the Fury folded. Rockford Fury The Rockford Fury was a Premier Basketball",
"psg_id": "7866955"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Institute",
"text": "Rockford Institute The Rockford Institute is an American conservative think-tank associated with paleoconservatism, based in Rockford, Illinois. It ran the John Randolph Club and publishes \"Chronicles magazine\". \"Chronicles\" peaked in the 1990s, helping shape the paleoconservative revival that accompanied Patrick Buchanan's 1992 and 1996 presidential campaigns. At its peak, it had 15,000 subscribers. As of September, 2016, there were 6,700 subscribers. The Institute was founded in 1976 by Rockford College President John A. Howard as a response to American social changes of the 1960s. Allan Carlson served as president until 1997. He and Howard left to found The Howard Center",
"psg_id": "8902032"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Lightning",
"text": "Rockford Lightning The Rockford Lightning was a basketball team that played in the Continental Basketball Association. They were based in Rockford, Illinois. The Lightning were the oldest team in the CBA, originally existing as the Lancaster Red Roses from Lancaster, Pennsylvania. That team changed their name to the Lancaster Lightning, then the franchise moved to Baltimore for a year before relocating in Rockford. Their home arena was the MetroCentre. They were the runners-up in the 2001-02 and 2004-05 CBA seasons, losing a winner-take-all championship game to the Dakota Wizards 116-109 in 2002, and a best-of-5 series to the Sioux Falls",
"psg_id": "2586593"
},
{
"title": "Jim Rockford (television character)",
"text": "an answering machine (the source of another running gag at the beginning of each episode) and the latest gold colored Pontiac Firebird Esprit automobile, traded in each year of the series for the newest model. (Garner did not like the look and handling of the 1979 model, so the 1978 was reused for the 1979–80 season; this was an apparent use of product placement in the series.) Rockford shared many personality traits with the lead characters of two of Garner's previous series, \"Maverick's\" Bret Maverick and \"Nichols's\" Frank Nichols. Rockford was usually unarmed (he occasionally carried an unlicensed pistol but",
"psg_id": "4540016"
},
{
"title": "The Rockford Files",
"text": "The movies picked up nearly 15 years later from where the show ended. In the initial movies, Rocky is referenced as alive, but is off-screen; he dies (within the series continuity) sometime before the third movie. Garner, Santos, and Margolin appear in every movie. Other \"Rockford\" regulars who appear in multiple movies include Luisi, Atkins, Corbett, and Jack Garner (as Capt. McEnroe). Recurring players from the series who are brought back for a single return appearance include Rita Moreno (as Rita Kapkovic); Kathryn Harrold (as Megan Daugherty); and Pat Finley (as Peggy Becker). Also added to the cast in small,",
"psg_id": "1988908"
},
{
"title": "West Downtown Rockford Historic District",
"text": "West Downtown Rockford Historic District The West Downtown Rockford Historic District is a set of forty-four buildings in Rockford, Illinois, United States that reflect the downtown district of the city west of the Rock River. Of these buildings, forty-one contribute to the historical significance of the district. Rockford, Illinois was first settled in 1834 when Germanicus Kent established Kentville on the west side of the Rock River. Kent opened a blacksmith shop, bank, general store, and hotel near what is now State and Madison Streets. The first ferry across the river opened in 1836 and the first bridge was completed",
"psg_id": "17810202"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Forest Citys",
"text": "go on to become the player-manager of the Chicago White Stockings for over 20 seasons. Anson was inducted into the Hall of Fame in 1939. Rockford had faced significant financial hardship during the 1871 season, including travel cost, and did not make a profit. Additionally, star Anson decided to accept a $1,250 contract offer from Philadelphia for the 1872 season. So, the club folded after its first and only season. Rockford Forest Citys Rockford Forest Citys (officially the Forest City Club), from Rockford, Illinois was one of the first professional baseball clubs. Rockford played for one season during the National",
"psg_id": "4907776"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Institute",
"text": "about what he said were \"the racist and anti-Semitic tones\" of \"Chronicles\". The charge, which was supported by other leading conservatives, was denied by the institute. They said the office, called Rockford East, was closed for budgetary reasons and because of concerns that Neuhaus was not following institute policies. According to political commentator David Frum, the split was seen by leading conservatives as a sign of the division between the paleoconservative and the neo-conservative elements of the movement. Chronicles is a U.S. monthly magazine published by the Rockford Institute. Its full current name is Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture.",
"psg_id": "8902034"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Central High School",
"text": "Sports Factory. Demolition of the building took place in March 2015. Rockford Central High School Rockford High School (sometimes referred to as Rockford Central High School) is a defunct high school of Rockford Public School District 205 in Rockford, Illinois. Opened in 1885, Rockford High School was the first school opened by the newly formed (citywide) school district. Standing for 130 years, Rockford High School would serve as a high school from 1885 until 1940, when city growth necessitated its replacement with two separate high schools. From 1940 to 2011, the building was repurposed, serving as the administration offices of",
"psg_id": "15431447"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Central High School",
"text": "of the Rock River. In September 1940, Rockford East and Rockford West High Schools opened. Rockford West, located on North Rockton Avenue on the Northwest side of the city, remained open for 48 years as a high school. It now serves as West Middle School for the Rockford Public School System. Rockford East, located on Charles Street, is still a functioning high school and maintains the traditions of Rockford High School. Rockford High School was built as two separate buildings attached by an underground hallway. This hallway became known as \"Rat Alley\". It contained rows of wooden lockers and was",
"psg_id": "15431438"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Foresters",
"text": "all college players playing summer college ball, who play in the NCAA, NJCAA, and NAIA. Former Wood Bat Players who have played in different leagues in Illinois include Jonathan Papelbon, Neal Cotts, Kirby Puckett, Ryan Howard, and Joe Girardi. Players that play in the Midwest Collegiate League come from a variety of colleges and universities. Over 50% of players in the Midwest Collegiate League in 2012 will be from Division I programs. Rockford Foresters The Rockford Foresters were a collegiate summer baseball team based in Rockford, Illinois. The team began play at Marinelli Field in downtown Rockford in 2010. The",
"psg_id": "14184796"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Peaches",
"text": "the film are fictitious. The team did not play in the 1943 league championship, as depicted in the film. In real life, the Racine Belles faced the Kenosha Comets. Rockford Peaches The Rockford Peaches were a women's professional baseball team who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League. A founding member, the team represented Rockford, Illinois. </small> The Peaches were one of two teams to play in every AAGPBL season, the other being the South Bend Blue Sox. They played their home games at Beyer Stadium on 15th Avenue in Rockford. The team's uniform consisted of a",
"psg_id": "4944493"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "temple, and its Buddhist community is served by two houses of worship. Since the creation of Winnebago County in 1836, Rockford has served as its county seat. Rockford is the largest Dillon's Rule municipality in Illinois, having revoked home rule in 1983. Along with a mayor (elected every four years), the Rockford City Council consists of 14 alderman (elected every 4 years), with the city divided into 14 wards. In a fashion similar to other cities its size (or larger), local government is split into executive and legislative branches. The mayor of Rockford is chosen in a general election every",
"psg_id": "1056098"
},
{
"title": "Rockford Park District",
"text": "Agency, professionally accredited for high standards and superior services. • Rockford Park District Website Rockford Park District The Rockford Park District was formed in 1909 and is governed by an elected five-member board of commissioners who serve six-year terms without compensation. It is the third largest municipal park system in Illinois, serving the communities of Rockford, Illinois, including Loves Park, Cherry Valley, New Milford, and adjacent unincorporated areas of Boone County and Winnebago County. The District serves a population of 208,132 with 84,083 households residing within the Park District boundaries. The Rockford Park District has twice been awarded the prestigious",
"psg_id": "13663543"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "the city is provided by the Rockford Mass Transit District (RMTD). The Rockford Mass Transit District (RMTD) provides fixed-route and paratransit service, with a service area including Rockford, Loves Park, and Machesney Park. The 40 fixed route buses operate over 17 routes Monday thru Saturday, 6 night routes and 5 routes on Sundays. In April 2018, Rockford became included in the LimeBike bicycle-sharing network. Using 500 commuter bicycles supplied by the company, residents rent bicycles through a mobile app, unlocking the dockless bicycles. Distinguished by their bright green color, LimeBikes are equipped with a basket, lights, and GPS (to locate",
"psg_id": "1056101"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "exhibits including a planetarium, is on the 12 Best Children's Museums In The U.S. list by Forbes. The Burpee Museum and the Discovery Center Museum, along with the Rockford Art Museum and the bases for Northern Public Radio, the Rockford Dance Company, and the Rockford Symphony Orchestra compose the downtown Riverfront Museum Park complex. The last museum under the park district's authority is Midway Village and Museum Center, a recreation of a Victorian era village. The eastern riverwalk of Rockford is maintained by the park district, featuring the Nicholas Conservatory and Garden., Located on the bank of the Rock River,",
"psg_id": "1056116"
},
{
"title": "Rockford, Illinois",
"text": "note, South Beloit, Illinois and Beloit, Wisconsin are part of this continuous urban area that stretches for approximately 30 miles along the Rock River from the Chicago Rockford International Airport north to the Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport. Rockford is approximately 85 miles west-northwest of Chicago, and 70 miles south-southeast of Madison. The Rock River forms the traditional center of Rockford and is its most recognizable natural feature. One of its largest tributaries, the Kishwaukee River, joins the Rock River at the southern end of the city near the Rockford airport. Since the 1946 closure of Camp Grant, much of the",
"psg_id": "1056090"
}
] | [
"$200 plus expenses"
] |
who was pope for the shortest length of time in the 20th century? | [
{
"title": "Pope John Paul I",
"text": "Luciani made, he said: Pope John Paul I Pope John Paul I (; ; born Albino Luciani; ; 17 October 191228 September 1978) served as Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City from 26 August 1978 to his death 33 days later. He was the first pope to have been born in the 20th century. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent year of three popes, the first to occur since 1605. John Paul I remains the most recent Italian-born pope, the last in a succession of such popes",
"psg_id": "325868"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Upon greeting John Paul II, the Romanian Patriarch Teoctist stated: \"The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity.\" Pope John Paul II visited other heavily Orthodox areas such as Ukraine, despite lack of welcome at times, and he said that healing the divisions between Western and Eastern Christianity was one of his fondest wishes. Christianity in the 20th century Christianity in the 20th century was characterized by an accelerating secularization of Western society, which had begun in",
"psg_id": "13413303"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "stated: \"The second millennium of Christian history began with a painful wounding of the unity of the Church; the end of this millennium has seen a real commitment to restoring Christian unity.\" Pope John Paul II visited other strongly Orthodox areas such as Ukraine, despite lack of welcome at times. He said that healing the divisions between Western and Eastern Christianity was one of his fondest wishes. Catholic Church in the 20th century The Roman Catholic Church in the 20th century had to respond to the challenge of increasing secularization of Western society and persecution resulting from great social unrest",
"psg_id": "13868869"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "former Israeli consul in Italy claimed: \"The Catholic Church saved more Jewish lives during the war than all the other churches, religious institutions, and rescue organisations put together.\" South America, historically Catholic, has experienced a large Evangelical and Pentecostal infusion in the 20th century due to the influx of Christian missionaries from abroad. For example: Brazil, South America's largest country, is the largest Catholic country in the world, and at the same time is the largest Evangelical country in the world (based on population). Some of the largest Christian congregations in the world are found in Brazil. In 1939, Pope",
"psg_id": "13868846"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Second Vatican Council, known as Vatican II, was the issuance by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras of a joint expression of regret for many of the past actions that had led up to the Great Schism between the Western and Eastern churches, expressed as the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965. At the same time, they lifted the mutual excommunications dating from the 11th century. Intended as a continuation of Vatican I, under Pope John XXIII the council developed into an engine of modernisation. It was tasked with making the historical teachings of the Church clear to a modern world",
"psg_id": "13413283"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "became famous. In previous centuries people could only become famous by doing something that was remembered ages later. Julius Caesar and Napoleon Bonaparte conquered countries, Jesus Christ developed a religion, ... In the 20th century people could become world-famous in less than no time and without doing anything, thanks to the arrival of mass media. Movie stars like Charlie Chaplin, for instance, became global stars due to the nearly universal reach of film. James cites Chaplin as the first truly world-famous 20th century celebrity. The invention of the film close-up made people on film screens appear larger than life and",
"psg_id": "12363888"
},
{
"title": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century",
"text": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century is a 1999 documentary film about Florida businessman James D. Newton and the relationships he enjoyed with five key historic figures: Thomas A. Edison, Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone and Alexis Carrel. The film, which was directed by first-time filmmaker John Biffar and narrated by Walter Cronkite, included interviews with Newton (who was 94 years old at the time of production), archival footage and dramatic re-enactments. The film had a brief theatrical release, and reviews were mostly negative. Lawrence Van Gelder, writing in \"The New York Times\",",
"psg_id": "12174248"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "Christianity in the 20th century Christianity in the 20th century was characterized by an accelerating secularization of Western society, which had begun in the 19th century, and by the spread of Christianity to non-Western regions of the world. Christian ecumenism grew in importance, beginning at the Edinburgh Missionary Conference in 1910, and accelerated after the Second Vatican Council of the Catholic Church, The Liturgical Movement became significant in both Catholic and Protestant Christianity, especially in Anglicanism. At the same time, state-promoted atheism in communist Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union brought persecution to many Eastern Orthodox and other Christians. Many",
"psg_id": "13413257"
},
{
"title": "Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century",
"text": "film can be purchased from the Uncommon Friends Foundation, a nonprofit organization founded by James D. Newton that provides educational scholarships to business students. Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century Uncommon Friends of the 20th Century is a 1999 documentary film about Florida businessman James D. Newton and the relationships he enjoyed with five key historic figures: Thomas A. Edison, Charles Lindbergh, Henry Ford, Harvey Firestone and Alexis Carrel. The film, which was directed by first-time filmmaker John Biffar and narrated by Walter Cronkite, included interviews with Newton (who was 94 years old at the time of production), archival footage",
"psg_id": "12174250"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "Baader and Ulrike Meinhof, The Sex Pistols, Jimmy Carter, Pope John Paul II, Meryl Streep, Larry Hagman (as J. R. Ewing in \"Dallas\"), Ruhollah Khomeini Lech Wałęsa, Margaret Thatcher, Mark David Chapman, John Hinckley, Jr., Sylvester Stallone, Lady Diana, Michael Jackson, Joan Collins, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Madonna, Oprah Winfrey, Eddie Murphy, Bill Cosby, Bob Geldof, Oliver North, Nelson Mandela, Mikhail Gorbachev, Donald Trump, Martina Navratilova, Muammar al-Gaddafi, George H. W. Bush, Tom Cruise, Julia Roberts, Mel Gibson, Harrison Ford, Salman Rushdie, Václav Havel, Bruce Willis, Mike Tyson, Saddam Hussein, Norman Schwarzkopf, Luciano Pavarotti Fame in the 20th Century Fame in the",
"psg_id": "12363902"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "the same time, the commission stated: In June 1995, Patriarch Bartholomew I, who was elected as the 273rd Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in October 1991, visited the Vatican for the first time when he joined in the historic inter-religious day of prayer for peace at Assisi. Pope John Paul II and Bartholomew I explicitly stated their mutual \"desire to relegate the excommunications of the past to oblivion and to set out on the way to re-establishing full communion\". In May 1999, John Paul II visited Romania, becoming the first pope since the Great Schism to visit an Eastern Orthodox country.",
"psg_id": "13413302"
},
{
"title": "Shortest remaining time",
"text": "at the cost of higher tracking overhead is highest response ratio next (HRRN). Like shortest job next scheduling, shortest remaining time scheduling is rarely used outside of specialized environments because it requires accurate estimates of the runtime of each process. Shortest remaining time Shortest remaining time, also known as shortest remaining time first (SRTF), is a scheduling method that is a preemptive version of shortest job next scheduling. In this scheduling algorithm, the process with the smallest amount of time remaining until completion is selected to execute. Since the currently executing process is the one with the shortest amount of",
"psg_id": "6361501"
},
{
"title": "Shortest remaining time",
"text": "Shortest remaining time Shortest remaining time, also known as shortest remaining time first (SRTF), is a scheduling method that is a preemptive version of shortest job next scheduling. In this scheduling algorithm, the process with the smallest amount of time remaining until completion is selected to execute. Since the currently executing process is the one with the shortest amount of time remaining by definition, and since that time should only reduce as execution progresses, processes will always run until they complete or a new process is added that requires a smaller amount of time. Shortest remaining time is advantageous because",
"psg_id": "6361499"
},
{
"title": "Sounds of the 20th Century",
"text": "Sounds of the 20th Century Sounds of the 20th Century is a BBC Radio 2 documentary series originally broadcast in the UK between April 2011 and April 2012. Each 60-minute programme is dedicated to one year from 1951 to 2000 and features a montage of audio relating to that year. Featuring nothing that wasn’t heard, seen or read at the time, other than brief introduction to each episode by Jeremy Vine, the series does not feature any explanations, reminiscenses or reflections upon the clips. Instead, the series' website provided a list and description of the audio items, which was also",
"psg_id": "9478648"
},
{
"title": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century",
"text": "Great Pianists of the 20th Century Great Pianists of the 20th Century was a 200-CD box set released by Philips Records in 1999 and sponsored by Steinway & Sons. The box set comprises 100 volumes featuring 72 pianists of the 20th century, each volume with two CDs and a booklet about the life and work of the featured pianist. The set contains a variety of composers from different eras, from Baroque to Contemporary classical. The material was the result of a collaborative association between Philips (who had access to the Polygram Records back catalogue) and a number of other labels,",
"psg_id": "10823602"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "Fame in the 20th Century Fame in the 20th Century is a 1993 BBC documentary television series and book by Clive James. The book and series examined the phenomenon of fame and how it expanded to international mass media proportions throughout the 20th century. The 8 episodes were divided in roughly 8 decades, from the 1900s to the 1980s. Each episode highlighted world-famous people during that part of the century. James delivered interesting and amusing comments about the portrayed celebrities and the various ways they became famous. In the United States, the series were broadcast on PBS, though some footage",
"psg_id": "12363885"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "In the middle of 20th century America, the leading cause of death was heart disease with an impressive 355.5 deaths per 100,000 followed by cancer at 139.8 deaths per 100,000. Although death rates dropped significantly in the latter part of the 20th century, the leading killers are still constant. The United States saw 192.9 people per 100,000 die from heart disease in 2010 followed by cancer with 185.9 people per 100,000. The world population in the 20th century experienced a large amount of death due to two major world wars. World War II was responsible for the most war related",
"psg_id": "469575"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century",
"text": "The 20th Century The Twentieth Century was a documentary television program sponsored by the Prudential Insurance Company that ran on the CBS network from 20 October 1957 until 4 January 1970. It was hosted by Walter Cronkite. The opening and closing theme music was written by composer George Antheil. The program presented filmed reports on news and cultural events that were important for the development of the 20th century. The show did not just present the events, but also interpreted them. Such subjects as World War I and major assassinations were presented in context. On 20 January 1967, the show,",
"psg_id": "2903157"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "precipitated Pope Paul VI's 1968 encyclical \"Humanae vitae\" (On Human Life), which rejected the use of contraception, including sterilization, claiming these work against the intimate relationship and moral order of husband and wife by directly opposing God's will. It approved Natural Family Planning as a legitimate means to limit family size. Abortion was condemned by the Church as early as the 1st century, again in the 14th century and again in 1995 with Pope John Paul II's encyclical \"Evangelium vitae\" (Gospel of Life). This encyclical condemned the \"culture of death\" which the pope often used to describe the societal embrace",
"psg_id": "13868860"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Boys",
"text": "of the fictional manga creator duo Kaneko and Ujiki in \"20th Century Boys\". Both \"20th Century Boys\" and \"21st Century Boys\" were licensed for English-language release in North America by Viz Media in 2005, however it was delayed until after their translation of \"Monster\" had finished. The first volume of \"20th Century Boys\" was released on February 17, 2009, and the last of \"21st Century Boys\" on March 19, 2013. It had been reported that the reason for the delay was at the request of Urasawa, who felt there was a change in his art style over time. However, when",
"psg_id": "5078546"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Ghosts",
"text": "20th Century Ghosts 20th Century Ghosts is American author Joe Hill's first published book-length work. A collection of short stories, it was first published in October 2005 in the United Kingdom and released in October 2007 in the United States. \"20th Century\" Ghosts is the first publication made by American author Joe Hill in October 2005 by PS Publishing which is based in the United Kingdom. The original release was available for pre-sale only through the publishers website. The collection has won several awards including the Bram Stoker Award for Best Fiction Collection, as well as the British Fantasy Award",
"psg_id": "9710237"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "Patriarch Bartholomew I, who was elected as the 273rd Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in October 1991, visited the Vatican for the first time, when he joined in the historic inter-religious day of prayer for peace at Assisi. Pope John Paul II and the Patriarch explicitly stated their mutual \"desire to relegate the excommunications of the past to oblivion and to set out on the way to re-establishing full communion.\" In May 1999, John Paul II traveled to Romania: the first pope since the Great Schism to visit an Eastern Orthodox country. Upon greeting John Paul II, the Romanian Patriarch Teoctist",
"psg_id": "13868868"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Ghosts",
"text": "to disguise themselves from the playing card people. Jack grows weary of the game, but soon he finds that it may not be a game at all. 20th Century Ghosts 20th Century Ghosts is American author Joe Hill's first published book-length work. A collection of short stories, it was first published in October 2005 in the United Kingdom and released in October 2007 in the United States. \"20th Century\" Ghosts is the first publication made by American author Joe Hill in October 2005 by PS Publishing which is based in the United Kingdom. The original release was available for pre-sale",
"psg_id": "9710244"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "to die while giving birth compared to white women. Towards the end of the 20th century, black women are three times as likely to die while giving birth. This disparity is often cited as a lack in stronger Health care in the United States. Death rates in the 20th century Death Rates in the 20th century is the ratio of deaths compared to the population around the world throughout the 20th century. When giving these ratios, they are most commonly expressed by number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Many factors contribute to death rates such as cause of",
"psg_id": "469581"
},
{
"title": "SYR4: Goodbye 20th Century",
"text": "Moore, about 5 years old at the time of recording, provided the vocals for \"Voice Piece for Soprano\" on disc 1. \"SYR4: Goodbye 20th Century\" was released on CD and vinyl. The vinyl version had a slightly different track order, due to the side length constraints of the format. The first disc of the CD edition contained a QuickTime video of a performance of \"Piano Piece No. 13 (Carpenter's Piece)\", which showed Sonic Youth nailing piano keys down one by one. \"SYR: Goodbye 20th Century\" received mixed reviews from critics, but most praised the group's efforts at popularizing and reinterpreting",
"psg_id": "5020706"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the 20th Century",
"text": "It was eventually dissolved when Bejart moved to Switzerland to form Béjart Ballet in Lausanne in 1987. Ballet of the 20th Century Ballet of the 20th Century (), was a ballet and contemporary dance company in Brussels, Belgium in 1960, by the French/Swiss choreographer Maurice Béjart. For many years it was the official dance company of the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie. The company was known for including South and East Asian elements in its performances. Bejart had previously founded a company in Paris, which he named first Les Ballets de l'Étoile, and later Ballet Théâtre de Maurice Bejart. When",
"psg_id": "13714517"
},
{
"title": "Galicia in the 20th century",
"text": "described by Méndez Ferrín) and the Galician Socialist Party (PSG, with X.M.Beiras and García Bodaño) was formed. Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\")",
"psg_id": "8477605"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "into the 20th century, Catholics—even if no longer resorting to persecution—still defined Protestants as heretics. Thus, Hilaire Belloc - in his time one of the most conspicuous speakers for Catholicism in Britain - was outspoken about the \"Protestant heresy\". He also defined Islam as \"A Christian heresy\", on the grounds that Muslims accept many of the tenets of Christianity but deny the godhood of Jesus (see Hilaire Belloc#On Islam). In the second half of the century - and especially in the wake of Vatican II - the Catholic Church, in the spirit of ecumenism, no longer referred to Protestantism as",
"psg_id": "13868863"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the 20th Century",
"text": "Ballet of the 20th Century Ballet of the 20th Century (), was a ballet and contemporary dance company in Brussels, Belgium in 1960, by the French/Swiss choreographer Maurice Béjart. For many years it was the official dance company of the Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie. The company was known for including South and East Asian elements in its performances. Bejart had previously founded a company in Paris, which he named first Les Ballets de l'Étoile, and later Ballet Théâtre de Maurice Bejart. When he moved to Brussels in 1960, he relocated the company and renamed it Ballet du XXme Siècle.",
"psg_id": "13714516"
},
{
"title": "Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century",
"text": "Einstein as the Person of the Century. \"Time\"s article cites twenty persons in each of five broad categories: Leaders and Revolutionaries, Scientists and Thinkers, Builders and Titans, Artists and Entertainers, and Heroes and Icons. Of the 100 chosen, Albert Einstein was chosen as the Person of the Century, on the grounds that he was the preeminent scientist in a century dominated by science. The editors of \"Time\" believed the 20th century \"will be remembered foremost for its science and technology\", and Einstein \"serves as a symbol of all the scientists—such as Fermi, Heisenberg, Bohr, Richard Feynman, ...who built upon his",
"psg_id": "10685981"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "even for non-jazz fans or experts. Pelé became the most famous association football player, even in the US: one of the few countries in the world where the sport isn't popular. People who know nothing about art have heard of the name Pablo Picasso and know his style. People who are not interested in tennis have heard of John McEnroe, due to his bad behavior on the tennis court. More people know Luciano Pavarotti than Plácido Domingo. Clive James focused on fame in the 20th century, because the arrival of mass media, film and television changed forever the ways people",
"psg_id": "12363887"
},
{
"title": "Galicia in the 20th century",
"text": "Galicia in the 20th century The period of Solidaridad Gallega (\"Galician Solidarity\"), the beginning of the modern Galician nationalist movement, began in 1907 and ended around the First World War. Its unsuccessful aim was to create a unified electoral coalition to eliminate caciquism and obtain Galician representation in the Cortes Generales, the parliament of Spain. The first stage of 20th-century Galician history lasted until the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera. In this stage the Galician nationalist Irmandades da Fala (\"Brothehoods of the Language\") began to appear to promote the Galician language. When they began to expand, the political idea of",
"psg_id": "8477601"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "island of Brač, Ignjat Job painted colourful landscapes in a personal Expressionist style. Naïve, or primitive art is a distinct segment of the art of the 20th century. In Croatia, naïve art was at first connected with the works of peasants and working men, ordinary men and women, of whom the most successful, over the course of time, became professional artists. Naïve art assumes the work of artists who are more or less self-taught, painters and sculptors with no formal art training, but who have achieved their own creative style and a high level of art. An identifiably individual style",
"psg_id": "10595528"
},
{
"title": "Lost Animals of the 20th Century",
"text": "Lost Animals of the 20th Century Lost Animals of the 20th Century is a 16-episode documentary series shown on the Discovery Channel in the 1990s. It features animals that have become extinct throughout the 20th century. Animals are adjudged as such when the last specimen of the species dies sometime from 1901 to 2000. However, since the show was produced in the 1990s (still part of the 20th century), most of the animals covered became extinct in the early part of the century. Greta Scacchi introduces each episode during the title sequence and narrates episodes 1 through 8. Lin Sagovsky",
"psg_id": "7973681"
},
{
"title": "Shortest path problem",
"text": "be found in . An algorithm using topological sorting can solve the single-source shortest path problem in linear time, , in weighted DAGs. The following table is taken from , with some corrections and additions. A green background indicates an asymptotically best bound in the table; \"L\" is the maximum length (or weight) among all edges, assuming integer edge weights. The all-pairs shortest path problem finds the shortest paths between every pair of vertices , in the graph. The all-pairs shortest paths problem for unweighted directed graphs was introduced by , who observed that it could be solved by a",
"psg_id": "522619"
},
{
"title": "Pirates of the 20th Century",
"text": "ship, manage to escape and must fight the pirates for survival. Pirates of the 20th Century Pirates of the 20th Century (, translit. \"Piraty XX veka\") is a 1980 Soviet action/adventure film about modern piracy. The film was directed by Boris Durov, the story was written by Boris Durov and Stanislav Govorukhin. The film was the leader of Soviet distribution in 1980 and had 87.6 million viewers. The film begins with a convoy of military vehicles rolling into a seaport located somewhere in Middle East in the bank of Indian or Pacific Ocean and stopping near the pier where the",
"psg_id": "10027261"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "return of Jesus Christ. The movement divided over these and other factors over time into those now known as Fundamentalists, retaining its name, and those known as Evangelicals, retaining its original concerns. In the early 20th century when the Anglo-Catholic Movement was at its height, the Anglican Communion had hundreds of orders and communities. However, since the 1960s there has been a sharp falling off in the numbers of religious in many parts of the Anglican Communion, most notably in the United Kingdom and the United States. Many once large and international communities have been reduced to a single convent",
"psg_id": "13413281"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Fox Animation",
"text": "20th Century Fox Animation Twentieth Century Fox Animation (stylized as 20th Century Fox Animation) is the animation division of the film studio 20th Century Fox, tasked for producing feature-length animated films. Before 20th Century Fox started its animation division, Fox released its first six animated films, such as \"Wizards\", \"\" (both released in 1977), \"Fire and Ice\" (released in 1983), \"\", \"Once Upon a Forest\" and \"The Pagemaster\". The division initially started in 1994 as Fox Family Films, as one of four film divisions of Twentieth Century Fox. It produced live-action films such as \"\" (1995), \"Dunston Checks In\" (1996),",
"psg_id": "6588886"
},
{
"title": "The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century",
"text": "need judges\" (about Lupe Pintor's decision win over Carlos Zarate), \"Ellis in Wonderland\" (when Joe Frazier conquered the world Heavyweight title knocking out Jimmy Ellis) and \"Midnight for the Cinderella Man\" (when Joe Louis conquered the world Heavyweight title knocking out James J. Braddock, nicknamed \"Cinderella Man\"). The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century () is a book that was published in 1993 by \"The Ring\" magazine editors Steve Farhood and Stanley Weston. The book has chapters for each of the decades that comprised the 20th century, with special pages dedicated to Jack Johnson, Jimmy",
"psg_id": "2707334"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "1 year old. In 1999, at the end of the century, the infant mortality rate in the United States declined more than 90% to 7.2 deaths per 1,000 live births. Similarly, maternal mortality rates declined almost 99% to less than 0.1 reported deaths per 1,000 live births. There are a variety of causes for this steep decline in death rates in the 20th century: Despite these tremendous decreases in infant mortality and maternal mortality, the 20th century experienced significant disparities between minority death rates compared to death rates for white mothers. In the 1900s, black women were twice as likely",
"psg_id": "469580"
},
{
"title": "By the Shortest of Heads",
"text": "By the Shortest of Heads By the Shortest of Heads was a 1915 British film starring George Formby as a stableboy who outwits a gang of villains. It was Formby's first film; he was aged ten at the time. The film is now considered lost, with the last-known copy having been destroyed in 1940. Formby played a stable boy who outwits a gang of villains and wins a £10,000 prize when he comes first in a horse race. George Formby Snr was worried that his son, George Formby, would watch him on stage and begin a career on stage; he",
"psg_id": "18585435"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Unwritten Law",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Unwritten Law 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Unwritten Law is a compilation album by the San Diego-based rock band Unwritten Law, released in 2006 by Interscope Records. It combines tracks from their two Interscope albums \"Unwritten Law\" and \"Elva\". It was released without the knowledge or consent of the band, who had left the Interscope label in 2003. At the time of its release, the band was preparing their own \"greatest hits\" album, \"The Hit List\", which was released in January 2007 and included songs",
"psg_id": "9530450"
},
{
"title": "By the Shortest of Heads",
"text": "others he had previously bought. The film is now considered lost, with the last-known copy having been destroyed in 1940. By the Shortest of Heads By the Shortest of Heads was a 1915 British film starring George Formby as a stableboy who outwits a gang of villains. It was Formby's first film; he was aged ten at the time. The film is now considered lost, with the last-known copy having been destroyed in 1940. Formby played a stable boy who outwits a gang of villains and wins a £10,000 prize when he comes first in a horse race. George Formby",
"psg_id": "18585437"
},
{
"title": "Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century",
"text": "of the sources of inspiration for the show (\"To collect photography is to collect the world\"). The last works in the show are color portrait photos taken in Suriname by the youngest artist in the show, the Dutch photographer Viviane Sassen. The list of artists represented in the show is presented on the gallery wall as a timeline. In order of appearance (sorted by birth date), they are as follows: Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century was the first exhibition focussed on artists of the 20th century to be held by the",
"psg_id": "18379225"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Fox Animation",
"text": "are competitive with those of Pixar and DreamWorks. They have released twelve feature films, numerous short films and television specials. Major feature films include: 20th Century Fox Animation Twentieth Century Fox Animation (stylized as 20th Century Fox Animation) is the animation division of the film studio 20th Century Fox, tasked for producing feature-length animated films. Before 20th Century Fox started its animation division, Fox released its first six animated films, such as \"Wizards\", \"\" (both released in 1977), \"Fire and Ice\" (released in 1983), \"\", \"Once Upon a Forest\" and \"The Pagemaster\". The division initially started in 1994 as Fox",
"psg_id": "6588889"
},
{
"title": "The Imaginary 20th Century",
"text": "and the curatorial idea for \"The Imaginary 20th Century\", evolved out of Bistis’ research for “Comic Art: The Paris Salon in Caricature,” a 2003 exhibition organized by the Getty Research Institute. Klein and Bistis started work on the project with support from California Institute of the Arts, though principal support came from ZKM/Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe and the Graham Foundation for Advanced Studies in the Fine Arts. The first iteration of \"The Imaginary 20th Century\" interface was built by Andreas Kratky, Klein’s collaborator on \"Bleeding Through\". It premiered in 2007, in \"YOU-ser: The Century of the Consumer,\" an",
"psg_id": "19635678"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "Death rates in the 20th century Death Rates in the 20th century is the ratio of deaths compared to the population around the world throughout the 20th century. When giving these ratios, they are most commonly expressed by number of deaths per 1,000 people per year. Many factors contribute to death rates such as cause of death, increasing the death rate, an aging population, which could increase and decrease the death rates by birth rates, and improvements in public health, decreasing the death rate. According to the CIA World Factbook, , the global crude death rate is 7.99 deaths/1,000 population.",
"psg_id": "469573"
},
{
"title": "Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century",
"text": "Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century Modern Times: Photography in the 20th Century was the first exhibition focussed on artists of the 20th century to be held by the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The show, whose title is also \"Modern Times\" in Dutch and which ran from November 2014 to January 2015, was also the first exhibition to be held in the re-opened Philips Wing, a part of the museum that was remodeled to host temporary exhibitions. It was the museum's second photography exhibition after its successful \"A new art: Photography in the 19th century\", held in 1996.",
"psg_id": "18379221"
},
{
"title": "The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century",
"text": "The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century The Ring: Boxing the 20th Century () is a book that was published in 1993 by \"The Ring\" magazine editors Steve Farhood and Stanley Weston. The book has chapters for each of the decades that comprised the 20th century, with special pages dedicated to Jack Johnson, Jimmy Wilde, Benny Leonard, Jack Dempsey, Mickey Walker, Henry Armstrong, Joe Louis, Rocky Marciano, Sugar Ray Robinson, Muhammad Ali, Roberto Durán, Sugar Ray Leonard, Barry McGuigan and Mike Tyson. The book covers news making boxing events from 1900 to 1992, with such article names as \"When the judges",
"psg_id": "2707333"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "in Latin America today, though the Church now faces the challenge of Pentecostal revival in much of the region. \"Quadragesimo anno\" was issued by Pope Pius XI on 15 May 1931, 40 years after \"Rerum novarum\". Unlike Leo, who addressed the mainly condition of workers, Pius XI concentrated on the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He called for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principle of solidarity and subsidiarity. He noted major dangers for human freedom and dignity, arising from unrestrained capitalism and totalitarian communism. The social teachings of Pope Pius XII repeated these",
"psg_id": "13413289"
},
{
"title": "CAF Clubs of the 20th Century",
"text": "has not been considered. Clubs' performance on the first edition of the FIFA Club World Cup, held in Brazil in January 2000, has been included in the ranking. CAF's classification of African clubs is made on the following basis: Top Ten Africa's clubs of the 20th Century: Based on this statistical study, Egypt's Al-Ahly was named as \"African club of the century\" by the continental governing body on 31 December 2000. CAF Clubs of the 20th Century On 31 December 2000 the Confederation of African Football (CAF) has published a ranking with the most successful clubs of the 20th century",
"psg_id": "13833077"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba",
"text": "while \"This Is My Prayer for You\" is the \"most memorable\" of the non-standards. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire\" peaked at number 67 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire is a compilation of songs from Reba McEntire's two Christmas albums (\"Merry Christmas to You\" and \"\") for release in 2003 on a \"20th Century Masters\" Christmas collection. No new material was recorded for the compilation. \"20th Century Masters",
"psg_id": "8922037"
},
{
"title": "World Team of the 20th Century",
"text": "World Team of the 20th Century The World Team of the 20th Century was chosen in 1998 to comprise the best association football players of the 20th century CE. The team comprises an eleven-member side, with one goalkeeper, four defenders, three midfielders, and three forwards. The team was announced on 10 June 1998, in conjunction with the opening ceremonies of the 1998 FIFA World Cup in France. The team was selected in plurality voting undertaken by a panel of 250 international football journalists from amongst the members of eleven-member sides styled as the \"South American\" and \"European Teams of the",
"psg_id": "9498558"
},
{
"title": "Pirates of the 20th Century",
"text": "Pirates of the 20th Century Pirates of the 20th Century (, translit. \"Piraty XX veka\") is a 1980 Soviet action/adventure film about modern piracy. The film was directed by Boris Durov, the story was written by Boris Durov and Stanislav Govorukhin. The film was the leader of Soviet distribution in 1980 and had 87.6 million viewers. The film begins with a convoy of military vehicles rolling into a seaport located somewhere in Middle East in the bank of Indian or Pacific Ocean and stopping near the pier where the Soviet cargo ship \"Nezhin\" () is anchored. An agent of a",
"psg_id": "10027256"
},
{
"title": "Islamic extremism in the 20th-century Egypt",
"text": "sects that were formed, but the sect itself would not continue to exist like the Sunni or Shia. During the 20th century, Egypt experienced several waves of revolutions to regain control of their nation from colonial rulers as to create a modern nation-state. Much of Egypt was Muslim at the time although there were significant numbers of Jews and Christians as well, but many of the political revolutions that Egypt experienced were centered on religions and how they related to politics. “The result was an ideological conflict over the direction of the Egyptian nation, over who had the legitimate authority",
"psg_id": "16428229"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "the Catholic-Orthodox Joint declaration of 1965. At the same time, they lifted the mutual excommunications dating from the 11th century. The Catholic Church engaged in a comprehensive process of reform following the Second Vatican Council (1962–65). Intended as a continuation of Vatican I, under Pope John XXIII the council developed into an engine of modernisation. It was tasked with making the historical teachings of the Church clear to a modern world, and made pronouncements on topics including the nature of the church, the mission of the laity and religious freedom. The council approved a revision of the liturgy and permitted",
"psg_id": "13868848"
},
{
"title": "Australian outback literature of the 20th century",
"text": "Australian outback literature of the 20th century This article refers to the works of poets and novelists and specialised writers (missionaries, anthropologists, historians etc.) who have written about the Australian outback from first-hand experience. These works frequently addresses race relations in Australia, often from a personal point of view, with Australian Aboriginal people used as a theme or subject. In the first part of the 20th century, much of Australia was still being explored by white Australians and their encounters with Aborigines who had had little or no contact or knowledge of the settlers were still taking place well after",
"psg_id": "15463337"
},
{
"title": "Western use of the swastika in the early 20th century",
"text": "Ages the sign of the swastika was well established among all Slavic lands. Known as \"swarzyca\", it was primarily associated with one of the Slavic gods named Svarog. With time the association with Slavic gods faded, but the swastika was preserved both as a personal symbol of various personalities, such as the Boreyko Coat of Arms, and in folk culture, for example, in the region of Podhale, where the swastika was used as a talisman well into the 20th century. As a solar symbol, it was painted or carved on various parts of houses in the Tatra Mountains and was",
"psg_id": "9319140"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "of TV Is My Pacifier describes the song's importance to the plot in The Callback, \"For [Ivy and Karen's] audition, Derek choreographed a dance to “20th Century Fox Mambo,” and we focus mostly on Karen having a hard time with the choreography...When Friday’s final callback finally arrives, Ivy and Karen are both nervously waiting to go in and audition. When Tom and a few backup dancers go sit with Ivy to support her, Julia turns to Karen and offers her some supportive words. We [then] get to see the complete staged version of “20th Century Fox Mambo” performed by Karen.\"",
"psg_id": "17087992"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Never Was (TV series)",
"text": "The Man Who Never Was (TV series) The Man Who Never Was is a 1966 ABC-TV 20th Century Fox Television television series starring Robert Lansing and Dana Wynter. It has no connection with the more well known earlier 20th Century Fox book and film of the same name, and ran for only one season of 18 episodes between September 7, 1966, and January 4, 1967. It was produced by 20th Century Fox Television, was filmed in Europe with the pilot episode being filmed in Berlin and Munich. John Newland produced and directed most of the episodes. The original television pilot",
"psg_id": "15570971"
},
{
"title": "Immigration from China in the early 20th century",
"text": "Immigration from China in the early 20th century Significant Chinese immigration to the United States began with the California Gold Rush, in the late 1840s. Many of these immigrants were single men who worked for a time and then returned to China with their earnings. In subsequent decades, however, significant numbers of Chinese immigrants had settled permanently, and were competing for low-level jobs with other ethnic immigrant groups. Immigration from China was restricted by the Chinese Exclusion Act, passed in 1882. In all, 4,441 Chinese immigrants came to the USA through the Ellis Island Immigration Station, while others came to",
"psg_id": "15647698"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "Croatian painters at the beginning of the 20th century at the start of Croatian Modernism. The painters were Josip Račić, Miroslav Kraljević, Vladimir Becić, and Oskar Herman. Together they attended the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich, and were at the time known by their classmates as \"\"Die Kroatische Schule\"\" (The Croatian School). Račić and Herman had previously studied with Anton Ažbe at his famous private school in Munich, who insisted on studying the model, plasticity and drawing clear, clean volumes. The Munich painters achieved strong tonal forms in their work by studying the classical painting of Spanish and French",
"psg_id": "10595520"
},
{
"title": "Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century",
"text": "character Bart Simpson from \"The Simpsons\" television series among the 100 most influential people of the 20th century, and he did so as follows: I don't see how you can look at this century and not include cartoons. They're one of our great contributions, along with jazz and film. (I know, I know. The movies were a 19th-century invention. But we 20th century folks really put them to good use.)… To some extent, too, we wanted people who also represented important 20th century trends or developments. That would help account for the Barts and Oprahs... What Bart, or really the",
"psg_id": "10685985"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Mambo",
"text": "Allmusic review by Heather Phares notes that \"a Chicago-style brassiness dominates \"The 20th Century Fox Mambo\" and \"Let's Be Bad,\" both of which sound the most like genuine show tunes\". The 20th Century Fox Mambo \"The 20th Century Fox Mambo\" is an original song introduced in the second episode of the first season of the musical TV series \"Smash\", entitled \"The Callback\". It was written by Marc Shaiman and Scott Wittman, but in the show's universe, it was written by songwriting team Tom Levitt (Christian Borle) and Julia Houston (Debra Messing) for their Marilyn Monroe musical \"Bombshell\". In \"The Callback\"",
"psg_id": "17087998"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba 20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire is a compilation of songs from Reba McEntire's two Christmas albums (\"Merry Christmas to You\" and \"\") for release in 2003 on a \"20th Century Masters\" Christmas collection. No new material was recorded for the compilation. \"20th Century Masters – The Christmas Collection: The Best of Reba McEntire\" received three out of five stars from William Ruhlmann of Allmusic. In his review, Ruhlmann describes McEntire's versions of \"Silent Night\" and \"Up on the Housetop\" as \"appropriately reverent,\"",
"psg_id": "8922036"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century",
"text": "sponsored by Union Carbide (\"The Discovery Company\"), was renamed \"The 21st Century\". The show's focus changed to the future and to what humankind could look forward to. \"The 21st Century\" was cancelled after three seasons (its final broadcast was on 4 January 1970). The reason given was that the writers had run out of things to talk about. However, CBS may have wished to replace it with a more commercially successful program. The 20th Century The Twentieth Century was a documentary television program sponsored by the Prudential Insurance Company that ran on the CBS network from 20 October 1957 until",
"psg_id": "2903158"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Eric Clapton",
"text": "noting that \"20th Century Masters is essentially a revised Time Pieces, both running 11 tracks, nine of which are shared between the two records\" (that being \"Bell Bottom Blues\" and \"Let It Rain\" replacing \"Willie and the Hand Jive\" and \"Swing Low, Sweet Chariot\", respectively). He finishes his review by rating the album with 4.5 of possible 5 stars. 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Eric Clapton 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Eric Clapton is a compilation album by the British rock musician Eric Clapton. It was released on June 15,",
"psg_id": "18848058"
},
{
"title": "American social dancing in the 20th century",
"text": "to big band music, while jazz dance was done to jazz music. The 20th century brought about a change in social dances. The \"old fashioned and out of step\" dances such as \"the waltz and polka\" needed to make way \"for something different and new\". In the past, only upper class dances had been recorded because lower class dances were \"not deemed worthy of record\". However, now in the 20th century, \"the Industrial Age was upon us, a new middle class was emerging and great social ... innovations were on the horizon\". The upper class even became more accepting of",
"psg_id": "18417270"
},
{
"title": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States",
"text": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by a period of continuous growth for the Church in the United States, with Catholics progressively evolving from a small minority to a large minority. In 1900 the Catholic population was 10 million, under the control of 14 Archbishops, 77 bishops, and 12,000 priests . The community had built 10,000 churches, of which two-thirds had resident pastors. Catholic schools educated nearly 1,000,000 children and youth. Catholics were heavily concentrated in the industrial and mining centers of the",
"psg_id": "13887774"
},
{
"title": "20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States",
"text": "greater frequency. 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States The 20th-century history of the Catholic Church in the United States was characterized by a period of continuous growth for the Church in the United States, with Catholics progressively evolving from a small minority to a large minority. In 1900 the Catholic population was 10 million, under the control of 14 Archbishops, 77 bishops, and 12,000 priests . The community had built 10,000 churches, of which two-thirds had resident pastors. Catholic schools educated nearly 1,000,000 children and youth. Catholics were heavily concentrated in the industrial and mining centers",
"psg_id": "13887801"
},
{
"title": "20th-century philosophy",
"text": "20th-century philosophy 20th-century philosophy saw the development of a number of new philosophical schools—including logical positivism, analytic philosophy, phenomenology, existentialism, and poststructuralism. In terms of the eras of philosophy, it is usually labelled as \"contemporary philosophy\" (succeeding modern philosophy, which runs roughly from the time of René Descartes until the late 19th to early 20th centuries). As with other academic disciplines, philosophy increasingly became professionalized in the twentieth century, and a split emerged between philosophers who considered themselves part of either the \"analytic\" or \"Continental\" traditions. However, there have been disputes regarding both the terminology and the reasons behind the",
"psg_id": "3419035"
},
{
"title": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century",
"text": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century Handsome Boys of the 20th Century () is a South Korean variety-reality show which aired on the cable channel QTV (). It began airing on April 16, 2013 and ran for two seasons with a total of 29 episodes. The show features five members from four disbanded or inactive \"\" K-pop idol groups, which debuted during the 1990s: H.O.T. (1996–2001), Sechs Kies (1997–2000; 2016–Present), NRG (1997–2006; 2017–Present) and g.o.d (1999–Present). H.O.T. is acknowledged to be the first ever highly successful K-pop idol group and was largely rivaled by Sechs Kies. NRG was a pioneer",
"psg_id": "20371717"
},
{
"title": "Christianity in the 20th century",
"text": "a supporter of the movement, became the region's most famous contemporary martyr in 1980, when he was murdered while saying mass by forces allied with the government. Both Pope John Paul II and Pope Benedict XVI (as Cardinal Ratzinger) denounced the movement. The Brazilian theologian Leonardo Boff was twice ordered to cease publishing and teaching. While Pope John Paul II was criticized for his severity in dealing with proponents of the movement, he maintained that the Church, in its efforts to champion the poor, should not do so by resorting to violence or partisan politics. The movement is still alive",
"psg_id": "13413288"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Fox",
"text": "what was then 20th Century Fox and remained as president into the 1960s. Under Freedman's leadership, DeLuxe added two more labs in Chicago and Toronto and processed film from studios other than Fox. 20th Century Fox is known for its searchlight structure logo. Its fanfare was originally composed in 1933 by Alfred Newman, who became the head of Twentieth Century-Fox's music department from 1940 until the 1960s. It was re-recorded in 1935 when 20th Century-Fox was officially established. The original Art Deco iteration of the 20th Century-Fox logo, designed by special effects animator and matte painting artist Emil Kosa Jr.,",
"psg_id": "1458509"
},
{
"title": "The Century: America's Time",
"text": "\"The Century\" (earlier series) The Century: America's Time The Century: America's Time is a 15-part series of documentaries produced by the American Broadcasting Company about the 20th century and the rise of the United States as a superpower. The documentary originally aired on The History Channel in 1999. Another earlier series, simply called \"The Century\" also produced by ABC, appeared on the ABC network in 1999, and also later appeared on the History Channel. It consists of six two-hour shows with each chronicling two different events based around a common theme. The narrator of both series was Peter Jennings, anchor",
"psg_id": "4995002"
},
{
"title": "CAF Clubs of the 20th Century",
"text": "CAF Clubs of the 20th Century On 31 December 2000 the Confederation of African Football (CAF) has published a ranking with the most successful clubs of the 20th century in the African continent (CAF African Club of the Century). The ranking was calculated by the exclusively on the basis of performance by African teams throughout their participation in CAF club competitions (from the quarter-finals to final) from 1964 to 2000. Clubs' performance from the Group Stage of the Champions League, international competition run by CAF since 1997, have been included. Regional competitions organized by football associations members to the organization",
"psg_id": "13833076"
},
{
"title": "History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland",
"text": "History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland Following the re-emergence of sovereign Poland after World War I and during the interwar period the number of Jews in the country grew rapidly. According to the Polish national census of 1921, there were 2,845,364 Jews living in the Second Polish Republic; by late 1938 that number had grown by over 16 percent, to approximately 3,310,000, mainly through migration from Ukraine and the Soviet Russia. The average rate of permanent settlement was about 30,000 per annum. At the same time, every year around 100,000 Jews were passing through Poland in unofficial emigration overseas.",
"psg_id": "5411522"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "Catholic Church in the 20th century The Roman Catholic Church in the 20th century had to respond to the challenge of increasing secularization of Western society and persecution resulting from great social unrest and revolutions in several countries. It instituted many reforms, particularly in the 1970s under the Vatican II Council, in order to modernize practices and positions. In this period, Catholic missionaries in the Far East worked to improve education and health care, while evangelizing peoples and attracting numerous followers in China, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan. The Industrial Revolution brought many concerns about the deteriorating working and living conditions",
"psg_id": "13868820"
},
{
"title": "History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland",
"text": "country, many of them preferring to conceal their Jewish origin. History of the Jews in 20th-century Poland Following the re-emergence of sovereign Poland after World War I and during the interwar period the number of Jews in the country grew rapidly. According to the Polish national census of 1921, there were 2,845,364 Jews living in the Second Polish Republic; by late 1938 that number had grown by over 16 percent, to approximately 3,310,000, mainly through migration from Ukraine and the Soviet Russia. The average rate of permanent settlement was about 30,000 per annum. At the same time, every year around",
"psg_id": "5411589"
},
{
"title": "Leaving the 20th Century",
"text": "Leaving the 20th Century Leaving the 20th Century is a recording of the Manic Millennium concert by the Welsh rock band Manic Street Preachers, released in 2000. The concert was announced on October 5th 1998 and which also celebrated the 10th anniversary of the band, was performed on the New Year's Eve night 1999-2000 at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, in front of more than 57,000 fans. The event became international as the final song of the event was broadcast live all over the world through satellites, the entire concert was broadcast Live on London's 104.9 XFM, support came from",
"psg_id": "9963470"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Boy",
"text": "\"20th Century Boys\". 20th Century Boy was recorded on 3 December 1972 in Toshiba Recording Studios in Tokyo, Japan at a session that ran between 15:00 and 1:30. Backing vocals, hand claps, acoustic guitar and saxophones were recorded in England when T. Rex returned to the country after their tour. The single version of the track fades out at three minutes thirty nine seconds, however the multi track master reveals that the song ended in nearly a full three minutes worth of jamming. A rough mix of the full length version can be found on the \"Bump 'n' Grind\" compilation.",
"psg_id": "8790063"
},
{
"title": "The Adventures of Una Persson and Catherine Cornelius in the 20th Century",
"text": "situation in which she has found herself, and is rescued by Catherine who takes her back to the cottage they shared at the start of the novel to recuperate. This is an inversion of their roles throughout the book, as up until that point Una has been an active combatant and Catherine has been increasingly dominated. The Adventures of Una Persson and Catherine Cornelius in the 20th Century The Adventures of Una Persson and Catherine Cornelius in the 20th Century: A Romance is a novel by British fantasy and science fiction writer Michael Moorcock. It is part of his long",
"psg_id": "11240783"
},
{
"title": "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century",
"text": "The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century is a 1996 documentary series that aired on PBS. It chronicles World War I over eight episodes. It was narrated by Dame Judi Dench in the UK and Salome Jens in the United States. The series won two Primetime Emmy Awards: one for Jeremy Irons for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance, the other for Outstanding Informational Series. In 1997, it was given a Peabody Award. The documentary series was produced by KCET/Los Angeles along with the BBC and London’s Imperial War Museum.",
"psg_id": "12433503"
},
{
"title": "The 20th Century Fox Hour",
"text": "The 20th Century Fox Hour The 20th Century Fox Hour is an American drama anthology series televised in the United States on CBS from 1955 to 1957. Some of the shows in this series were restored, remastered and shown on the Fox Movie Channel in 2002 under the title Hour of Stars (its title when the series was originally syndicated after 1957). The season one episode \"Overnight Haul\", starring Richard Conte and Lizabeth Scott, was released in Australia as a feature film. Presenting both originals and remakes, \"The 20th Century Fox Hour\" was telecast on Wednesday nights at 10pm, alternating",
"psg_id": "9155766"
},
{
"title": "History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century",
"text": "of theory only, but also define a mode (praxis) of life. History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century 20th century Eastern Orthodox theology has been dominated by neo-Palamism, the revival of St. Palamas and hesychasm. John Behr characterizes Orthodox theology as having been \"reborn in the twentieth century.\" Norman Russell describes Orthodox theology as having been dominated by an \"arid scholasticism\" for several centuries after the fall of Constantinople. Russell describes the postwar re-engagement of modern Greek theologians with the Greek Fathers with the help of diaspora theologians and Western patristic scholars. A significant component of this re-engagement",
"psg_id": "15213221"
},
{
"title": "History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century",
"text": "History of Eastern Orthodox theology in the 20th century 20th century Eastern Orthodox theology has been dominated by neo-Palamism, the revival of St. Palamas and hesychasm. John Behr characterizes Orthodox theology as having been \"reborn in the twentieth century.\" Norman Russell describes Orthodox theology as having been dominated by an \"arid scholasticism\" for several centuries after the fall of Constantinople. Russell describes the postwar re-engagement of modern Greek theologians with the Greek Fathers with the help of diaspora theologians and Western patristic scholars. A significant component of this re-engagement with the Greek Fathers has been a rediscovery of Palamas by",
"psg_id": "15213204"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Waylon Jennings",
"text": "of Allmusic. In his review, Huey states that \"the compilation demonstrates that Jennings did produce some quality work during his time with MCA\" and is \"a worthy addition to the collections of devoted fans.\" \"20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Waylon Jennings\" peaked at number 67 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Top Country Albums chart. 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Waylon Jennings 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Waylon Jennings is a compilation album by Waylon Jennings, released on MCA Nashville Records on May 9, 2000. It contains",
"psg_id": "8283311"
},
{
"title": "The Century: America's Time",
"text": "The Century: America's Time The Century: America's Time is a 15-part series of documentaries produced by the American Broadcasting Company about the 20th century and the rise of the United States as a superpower. The documentary originally aired on The History Channel in 1999. Another earlier series, simply called \"The Century\" also produced by ABC, appeared on the ABC network in 1999, and also later appeared on the History Channel. It consists of six two-hour shows with each chronicling two different events based around a common theme. The narrator of both series was Peter Jennings, anchor from \"ABC World News",
"psg_id": "4995000"
},
{
"title": "Time in the United Kingdom",
"text": "Ireland adopted GMT in 1916, supplanting Dublin Mean Time. Daylight saving time was introduced by the Summer Time Act 1916 (6 & 7 Geo. V), which was implemented in 1916 as GMT plus one hour and Dublin Mean Time plus one hour. The length of DST could be extended by Order in Council, and was extended for the duration of World War I. For 1916, DST extended from 21 May to 1 October, with transitions at 02:00 standard time. On 1 October 1916, Greenwich Mean Time was introduced to Ireland. At the beginning of the 20th century, Sandringham Time ()",
"psg_id": "7350174"
},
{
"title": "Leaving the 20th Century",
"text": "go out and buy the single when it was released so it would be No.1 in the charts so we would not have to have another shit No.1 and further said \"So Knock The F*ckers Off The Top Eh\" this was omitted from the VHS or DVD release. The subtitled English lyrics, available as an extra, contain errors when compared to the official lyrics in the band's album booklets. The concert is available on VHS and DVD. Leaving the 20th Century Leaving the 20th Century is a recording of the Manic Millennium concert by the Welsh rock band Manic Street",
"psg_id": "9963472"
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in the 20th century",
"text": "15 May 1931, this encyclical expanded on \"Rerum novarum\", noting the positive effect of the earlier document but pointing out that the world had changed significantly since Pope Leo's time. Unlike Leo, who addressed mainly the condition of workers, Pius XI concentrated on the ethical implications of the social and economic order. He called for the reconstruction of the social order based on the principle of solidarity and subsidiarity. He also noted major dangers for human freedom and dignity, arising from both unrestrained capitalism and totalitarian communism. Pius XI reiterated Leo's defence of private property rights and collective bargaining, and",
"psg_id": "13868824"
},
{
"title": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Maureen McGovern",
"text": "20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Maureen McGovern 20th Century Masters – The Millennium Collection: The Best of Maureen McGovern is a 12-track collection of songs that Maureen McGovern recorded for 20th Century Records, which was the first label that she signed with. All seven of her singles for the label are featured on this CD, two of which make their first appearance on an album (\"Even Better Than I Know Myself\" and \"Love Songs Are Getting Harder to Sing\"). Inside the album cover are McGovern's discography for 20th Century and a biographical essay written by",
"psg_id": "11563908"
},
{
"title": "Handsome Boys of the 20th Century",
"text": "\"DSP Festival\" concert in December would also feature disbanded first-generation groups Sechs Kies and Click-B alongside current artists. Rumors also began circulating that HOTSechgodRG's respective idol groups would be reuniting; g.o.d came out of hiatus in May 2014 while Sechs Kies, pioneering girl group S.E.S. and NRG all reunited between 2016 and 2017. Handsome Boys of the 20th Century Handsome Boys of the 20th Century () is a South Korean variety-reality show which aired on the cable channel QTV (). It began airing on April 16, 2013 and ran for two seasons with a total of 29 episodes. The show",
"psg_id": "20371723"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "future. Croatian art of the 20th century Croatian art of the 20th century, that is visual arts within the boundaries of today's Croatia, can be divided into modern art up to the Second World War, and contemporary art afterwards. Modern art in Croatia began with the Secession ideas spreading from Vienna and Munich, and post-Impressionism from Paris. Young artists would study the latest trends and integrate them into their own work. Many strove to bring a native cultural identity into their art, for example themes of national history and legends, and some of the artwork following the First World War",
"psg_id": "10595552"
},
{
"title": "Croatian art of the 20th century",
"text": "Croatian art of the 20th century Croatian art of the 20th century, that is visual arts within the boundaries of today's Croatia, can be divided into modern art up to the Second World War, and contemporary art afterwards. Modern art in Croatia began with the Secession ideas spreading from Vienna and Munich, and post-Impressionism from Paris. Young artists would study the latest trends and integrate them into their own work. Many strove to bring a native cultural identity into their art, for example themes of national history and legends, and some of the artwork following the First World War contained",
"psg_id": "10595515"
},
{
"title": "New Jersey in the 20th century",
"text": "New Jersey in the 20th century New Jersey in the twentieth century underwent many changes. New Jersey's position along the Atlantic Ocean made it a prominent part of both of the World Wars. Despite rising in the Roaring Twenties, New Jersey's economy slowed with the start of the Great Depression. It also became a site for Nike missile batteries during the Cold War. In the 1960s, several race riots occurred following the start of urban decay. Through the 1970s, urbanization increased again, and these problems slowed down. The Standard Oil Company of New Jersey was a large integrated oil producing,",
"psg_id": "6869670"
},
{
"title": "Doctor of the Church",
"text": "during the 4th century than any other; eminent Christian writers of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd centuries are usually referred to as the Ante-Nicene Fathers, while the 9th, and 20th centuries have so far produced no Doctors at all. The shortest period between death and nomination was that of Alphonsus Liguori, who died in 1787 and was named a Doctor of the Church in 1871 – a period of 84 years; the longest was that of Ephrem the Syrian, which took fifteen and a half centuries. On 20 August 2011, Pope Benedict XVI announced that he would soon declare St.",
"psg_id": "2198404"
},
{
"title": "Death rates in the 20th century",
"text": "fever, polio, measles, hepatitis among others. However, war, genocide and Holocausts have led to many millions of deaths throughout the century, and late in the century AIDS had already killed millions, particularly in Africa and south-east Asia. Cancer also killed millions via lifestyle and pollution generated by increased work in factories. During the 20th century, an enormous improvement in public health led to an overall decrease in death rates. Infant mortality rates and maternal mortality rates have dramatically decreased. In the early 1900s, 6-9 women died in pregnancy-related complications for every 1,000 births, while 100 infants died before they were",
"psg_id": "469579"
},
{
"title": "Fame in the 20th Century",
"text": "of what the public associates with the celebrity or to show them during a more casual moment, instead of as an icon. Examples are: Clive James included them because these celebrities were internationally famous at the turn of the 19th century into the 20th century. William Randolph Hearst, Thomas Alva Edison, Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, Leon Tolstoy, Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling, Sarah Bernhardt, Isadora Duncan and Buffalo Bill. Enrico Caruso, Wilbur Wright and Orville Wright, Louis Blériot, Marie Curie, Theodore Roosevelt, Florence Lawrence, Francis X. Bushman, William S. Hart, Theda Bara, Harry Houdini, Robert Falcon Scott, Roald",
"psg_id": "12363895"
}
] | [
"albino luciani",
"albino luciano",
"albino cardinal luciani",
"263rd pope",
"pope john paul 1",
"ioannes paulus pp. i",
"the september pope",
"john paul i",
"the smiling pope",
"pope john paul i",
"the smile of god",
"john paul i of rome",
"john-paul i",
"edoardo luciani",
"september pope"
] |
what was gene kelly's middle name? | [
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "own dance routines and often the dance routines of others and used assistants. As was the practice at the time, he was rarely formally credited in the film titles: Gene Kelly Eugene Curran Kelly (August 23, 1912 – February 2, 1996) was an American dancer, actor of film, stage, and television, singer, film director, producer, and choreographer. He was known for his energetic and athletic dancing style, his good looks, and the likable characters that he played on screen. Best known today for his performances in films such as \"An American in Paris\" (1951), \"Anchors Aweigh\" (1945)— for which he",
"psg_id": "156253"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Gene Kelly Awards",
"text": "Gene Kelly Awards The Gene Kelly Awards for Excellence in High School Musical Theater, named after the actor/director Gene Kelly, are given out yearly by the Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera and the University of Pittsburgh. The award was founded in 1991 and celebrates excellence in the musicals of the Pittsburgh area's high schools. For Best Musical, there are three levels based on budget. The organization also offers scholarships to high school seniors involved in any aspect of the show. As of 2011, there are 29 participating schools. In 2009, the Gene Kelly Awards spawned the National High School Musical Theater",
"psg_id": "11660990"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly Awards",
"text": "Awards, nicknamed \"The Jimmys\", which the Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera co-produces with Nederlander Presentations. The award winners from each category are bolded. The award winners from each category are bolded. Gene Kelly Awards The Gene Kelly Awards for Excellence in High School Musical Theater, named after the actor/director Gene Kelly, are given out yearly by the Pittsburgh Civic Light Opera and the University of Pittsburgh. The award was founded in 1991 and celebrates excellence in the musicals of the Pittsburgh area's high schools. For Best Musical, there are three levels based on budget. The organization also offers scholarships to high",
"psg_id": "11660991"
},
{
"title": "Gene S. Walker Sr.",
"text": "office complex at the intersection of Interstate 35 and Mann Road is named for the Walker family. Gene Walker Lake, a reservoir near Mirando City in Webb County is named in Walker's honor. A luxury condominium complex in San Antonio, the Simeon of Olmos Park, is named for Walker through his middle name by its developer, his daughter May Kathleen Walker, a Laredo native. On February 4, 2015, State Senator Judith Zaffirini of Laredo introduced a resolution, SR99, in Walker's memory. Gene S. Walker Sr. Gene Simeon Walker Sr. (March 15, 1926 – January 19, 2015), was a rancher, landowner,",
"psg_id": "18573211"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly filmography",
"text": "was voted the 15th most popular film actor on the American Film Institute’s millennium list, while his \"Singin' in the Rain\" was voted the most popular movie musical of all time. This filmography below contains a chronological listing of Gene Kelly's feature films. His musicals are indicated with a beamed eighth note symbol (♫). Gene Kelly filmography Gene Kelly (1912–1996) was an American dancer, actor, singer, director, producer and choreographer whose work in motion pictures spans from 1942 to 1996. He is probably best known today for his performances in musicals, notably \"An American in Paris\" (1951) and \"Singin' in",
"psg_id": "13119661"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly filmography",
"text": "Gene Kelly filmography Gene Kelly (1912–1996) was an American dancer, actor, singer, director, producer and choreographer whose work in motion pictures spans from 1942 to 1996. He is probably best known today for his performances in musicals, notably \"An American in Paris\" (1951) and \"Singin' in the Rain\" (1952). Kelly made his Hollywood film debut in \"For Me and My Gal\" (1942), co-starring with Judy Garland. Afterward, he went on to work as an actor, dancer and subsequently, choreographer, in a series of musical films. In these films, his choreography included experiments with a combination of dance and animation (\"Anchors",
"psg_id": "13119659"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "also performed in local nightclubs. In 1931, Kelly enrolled at the University of Pittsburgh to study economics, joining the Phi Kappa Theta fraternity. He became involved in the university's Cap and Gown Club, which staged original musical productions. After graduating in 1933, he continued to be active with the Cap and Gown Club, serving as the director from 1934 to 1938. Kelly was admitted to the University of Pittsburgh Law School. His family opened a dance studio in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh. In 1932 they renamed it The Gene Kelly Studio of the Dance and opened a second",
"psg_id": "156204"
},
{
"title": "What Happened Was",
"text": "What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \"What Happened Was...\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \"Siskel & Ebert\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the",
"psg_id": "10650487"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "purposes, police records and legal proceedings. In the Spanish naming system, the middle name corresponds to the maternal surname. The middle name (or the maternal surname) is usually being abbreviated to a middle initial. Thus, a person with the full name \"Juan Santos Macaraig\", with \"Santos\" the middle name in the present order, may become \"Juan S. Macaraig\" with the middle name abbreviated, and \"Juan Macaraig y Santos\" in the Spanish system, such as those used in names on police records, especially those seen on name placards held by a convicted person on official mug shots. The Philippine system, using",
"psg_id": "2303828"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "\"given name-middle name-surname\" order (or \"Christian name-mother's surname-father's surname\") coincidentally follows the Portuguese naming system that uses two surnames, the first being maternal and the second being paternal. But, the maternal surname may not be the middle name at some cases. It may be a second given name, like what the term really means, as in \"Jose P. Laurel\", where \"P.\" (a middle initial) corresponds to \"Paciano\". In illegitimate children, the middle name is the maiden surname of the mother, and the middle name (maternal surname) of the mother as surname, but the surname become of the father's upon legal",
"psg_id": "2303829"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "heritage. In many cases in the United States, however, a person's middle name has little or no lineage-related context, and is used instead to honor close family friends or notable public figures. In the United States, those who choose to be known primarily by their middle name may abbreviate their first name as an initial, e.g. J. Edgar Hoover (John Edgar Hoover). Others simply omit the first name, like Woodrow Wilson (Thomas Woodrow Wilson). A rare case of an individual being given only an initial as a middle name, with the initial not explicitly standing for anything, was Harry S.",
"psg_id": "2303809"
},
{
"title": "Kelly (given name)",
"text": "Kelly (given name) Kelly is an English-language unisex given name, derived from the Irish surname Kelly. As such, Kelly is historically a male-only name but has predominantly been used as a feminine given name since the 1960s, though with a significant minority usage as a masculine name, especially within Celtic families. During the peak of the name's popularity in the United States during the 1960s to 1970s, feminine usage was about four to five times as frequent as masculine usage. The surname Kelly has multiple origins. There is a Clan Kelly in Scotland, possibly derived from a toponym Kelloe. The",
"psg_id": "15162507"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "P. Limchauco\"), once marrying \"Juan Pablo Sanchez Marasigan\" (or \"Juan Pablo S. Marasigan\") may take the name \"Maria Concepcion Perez Limchauco-Marasigan\" (or \"Ma. Concepcion P. Limchauco-Marasigan\"), maintaining the maternal surname \"Perez\", \"Maria Concepcion Limchauco Marasigan\" (or \"Ma. Concepcion L. Marasigan\"), taking the maiden surname \"Limchauco\" as middle name and \"Marasigan\" as married surname, or keep her maiden names, remaining \"Maria Concepcion Perez Limchauco\" upon marriage. In Argentina, most people have a middle name. According to a study, approximately 9 out of 10 Argentines born in 2010 had a middle name given to them. It used to be even more common",
"psg_id": "2303832"
},
{
"title": "Kelly (given name)",
"text": "into the top 50 during the 1970s and by 1984 was the 15th most popular feminine first name. However, 10 years later it had declined to 53rd place and by 1999 had fallen out of the top 100. (born 2006), Romanian youtuber Kelly (given name) Kelly is an English-language unisex given name, derived from the Irish surname Kelly. As such, Kelly is historically a male-only name but has predominantly been used as a feminine given name since the 1960s, though with a significant minority usage as a masculine name, especially within Celtic families. During the peak of the name's popularity",
"psg_id": "15162510"
},
{
"title": "Gene Gene the Dancing Machine",
"text": "its studios after cancelling the series and production moved to what is now KTLA's studios in Los Angeles; since Patton's full-time job was working for NBC and not for Barris, he remained there. Patton died in Pasadena, California on March 9, 2015, from complications from diabetes. Gene Gene the Dancing Machine Eugene S. Patton, Sr (April 25, 1932 – March 9, 2015), also known as Gene Patton and more widely known by his stage name Gene Gene the Dancing Machine, was a television personality, dancer and stagehand who worked at NBC Studios in Burbank, California. Patton was the first African-American",
"psg_id": "8023842"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "great commitment to rehearsal and hard work. Van Johnson—who also appeared in \"Pal Joey\"—recalled: \"I watched him rehearsing, and it seemed to me that there was no possible room for improvement. Yet he wasn't satisfied. It was midnight and we had been rehearsing since 8 in the morning. I was making my way sleepily down the long flight of stairs when I heard staccato steps coming from the stage ... I could see just a single lamp burning. Under it, a figure was dancing ... Gene.\" Offers from Hollywood began to arrive, but Kelly was in no hurry to leave",
"psg_id": "156210"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "The film was nominated for four Academy Awards and won three. In 1970, he made another television special: \"Gene Kelly and 50 Girls\" and was invited to bring the show to Las Vegas, Nevada—which he did for an eight-week stint on the condition he be paid more than any artist had ever been paid there. He directed veteran actors James Stewart and Henry Fonda in the comedy western \"The Cheyenne Social Club\" (1970), which performed poorly at the box office. In 1973 he worked again with Frank Sinatra as part of Sinatra's Emmy nominated TV special, \"Magnavox Presents Frank Sinatra\".",
"psg_id": "156234"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released",
"psg_id": "19789527"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "and willingness to spend as much time as necessary to enable the ailing Garland to complete her part. There followed in quick succession two musicals that secured Kelly's reputation as a major figure in the American musical film. First, \"An American in Paris\" in 1951 and—probably the most popular and admired of all film musicals—\"Singin' in the Rain\" in 1952. As co-director, lead star, and choreographer, Kelly was the central driving force in both of these films. Johnny Green, the head of music at MGM at the time, said of him, Gene is easygoing as long as you know exactly",
"psg_id": "156222"
},
{
"title": "Kelly (given name)",
"text": "Irish surname may be from either \"Ó Ceallaigh\" or \"Ó Cadhla\", or yet again from a toponym. The surname was established in the United States by the early 19th century, and it began to be used as a masculine name in the later 19th century. Feminine usage first appeared in the 1940s and surpassed masculine usage around 1957 due to the popularity of the American actress Grace Kelly. According to the U.S. Social Security Administration, Kelly, as a name for a girl, was ranked #900 in 1950, then steadily gained popularity until 1977 (peaking at rank #10); Kelly, as a",
"psg_id": "15162508"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "long existence in North America, the phrase \"middle name\" was not recorded until 1835, in the periodical \"Harvardiana\". The use of multiple middle names has been somewhat impeded recently by the increased use of computer databases that occasionally allow for only a single middle name or more commonly a middle initial in storing personal records, effectively preventing people with multiple middle names from being listed in such databases under their full name. This is worsened by longer compound names, like María del Pilar Pereyra or María de las Nieves García. The abbreviation \"N.M.N.\" (no middle name) or \"N.M.I.\" (no middle",
"psg_id": "2303807"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "convention of putting the given name after the family name. In Denmark and Norway, the term middle name refers to names that are originally surnames, but not part of the last name of the name bearer. The term middle name does not refer to additional given names, which are instead referred to as given names. A middle name could be e.g. one's mother's maiden name or the last name of another recent ancestor (for instance a grandparent). One can have several middle names, but it is unusual to have more than one or two. In law, middle names have a",
"psg_id": "2303817"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "initial), with or without periods, is sometimes used in formal documents in the United States, where a middle initial or name is expected but the person does not have one. The middle name can also be a maiden name. Since 1905, \"middle name\" has also developed a figurative usage meaning a notable or outstanding attribute of a person, as in the phrase \"discretion is my middle name.\" In countries that primarily speak English—such as Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom—the forename of a relative is sometimes used as one's middle name to honor familial",
"psg_id": "2303808"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Middle name In several cultures, a middle name is a portion of a personal name that is written between the person's given name and their surname. A person may be given a middle name regardless of whether it's necessary to distinguish them from other people with the same given name and surname. In cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname, additional names are likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname, and thus called middle names. In English-speaking American culture, that term is often applied (arguably mistakenly) to names occupying that position",
"psg_id": "2303804"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Scandinavians choose to use their middle name as their surname in everyday life. So Per Gottfrid Svartholm Warg has Per and Gottfrid as his given names, where Gottfrid, not Per, is his name of address, Svartholm as his middle name and Warg as his last name, but in practice he uses Svartholm as a surname. This usage, however, is unofficial. Historically, a middle name could become part of a double-barreled surname (family name) and hence cease to be a middle name, especially if used for several generations. There are many family names of this kind, which contributes to the confusion",
"psg_id": "2303824"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "what you are doing when you're working with him. He's a hard taskmaster and he loves hard work. If you want to play on his team you'd better like hard work, too. He isn't cruel but he is tough, and if Gene believed in something he didn't care who he was talking to, whether it was Louis B. Mayer or the gatekeeper. He wasn't awed by anybody, and he had a good record of getting what he wanted. \"An American in Paris\" won six Academy Awards, including Best Picture. The film also marked the debut of nineteen-year-old ballerina Leslie Caron,",
"psg_id": "156223"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "to themselves. The \"zì\" or \"hào\" can be used independently of the given name and of each other, but the given name is almost always used with the family name in official situations. Some Chinese Americans move their Chinese given name (transliterated into the Latin alphabet) to the middle name position and use an English first name, e.g. James Chu-yu Soong, Jerry Chih-Yuan Yang, and Michelle Wingshan Kwan. The Chinese given name usually has two characters which are usually combined into a single middle name for better organizational purposes, especially with Cantonese names, such as Bruce Lee's middle name, Junfan.",
"psg_id": "2303815"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Luis Fernandez can be better distinguished if arranged as Luis Antonio Fernandez, José Luis Fernandez, Luis Eduardo Fernandez, etc.). Middle name In several cultures, a middle name is a portion of a personal name that is written between the person's given name and their surname. A person may be given a middle name regardless of whether it's necessary to distinguish them from other people with the same given name and surname. In cultures where a given name is expected to precede the surname, additional names are likely to be placed after the given name and before the surname, and thus",
"psg_id": "2303834"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "relative. This practice, and the use of middle names in general, however, was mostly limited to the bourgeois class and the nobility, and was seldom seen among common people. In the 20th century, the use of middle names, especially one's mother's maiden name, was more widely adopted, although it is by no means mandatory. There are few set rules for how names are constructed today; people are required to have one given name and one family name, but can have as many additional given names and middle names as they like. In the example Carl Viggo Manthey Lange, the names",
"psg_id": "2303819"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Løkke, derived from a small agricultural property, so he uses it as a middle name, which differentiates him from other people named Lars Rasmussen. In Sweden, the position is much the same as in Denmark. Middle names were inaugurated in the previous Name Act of 1963, then called \"tilläggsnamn\" (additional name), and are called \"mellannamn\" (middle name) as of the present Name Act of 1983. However, it had previously been more common to join e.g. the last names of both of a child's parents, or for a married woman to join her maiden name and the husband's last name, as",
"psg_id": "2303822"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Capwell",
"text": "jealous of Kelly's and T.J.'s closeness, poisoned Kelly. Jeffrey decided to get rid of Kelly with T.J.'s help, but he eventually reconsidered, and the couple divorced. Kelly then fell in love with Robert Barr, an ex-lover of her sister Eden Capwell. Kelly worried that Robert and Eden would fall in love again, but eventually she came to accept that Robert loved her. What she did not realize was that Robert's twin brother, Quinn, had kidnapped Robert and was pretending to be him. Quinn soon fell in love with Kelly and decided to tell her the truth, but Kelly was unable",
"psg_id": "12095499"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "a double name with a hyphen; and large portions of the Swedish population have not adapted to the official system to this day, i.e. for almost 50 years. People often use a hyphen between their middle name and last name themselves, and/or are spelled that way by other people and by mass media. Furthermore, when the term middle name was introduced in Swedish (\"mellannamn\") the word was assumed by many to mean the additional given names (apart from the \"name of address\" (\"tilltalsnamn\")), so since 1983 the word is being used more and more in this, officially, erratic meaning. Occasionally,",
"psg_id": "2303823"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "even if the bearer would insist that that name is being mistakenly called a \"middle name\", and is actually (to mention several types of common cases): In the United States, such names are specifically referred to as middle names; in most other countries, as far as they are given names and not, for example, patronymics, they would simply be regarded as second, third etc. given names. In the U.S., the \"middle name\" is often abbreviated to the middle initial (e.g. Mary Lee Bianchi becomes Mary L. Bianchi, which is usually standard for signatures) or omitted entirely in everyday use (e.g.",
"psg_id": "2303805"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "loaned him to Columbia to work with Rita Hayworth in \"Cover Girl\" (1944), a film that foreshadowed the best of his future work. He created a memorable routine dancing to his own reflection. Despite this, noted critic Manny Farber was moved to praise Kelly's \"attitude,\" \"clarity,\" and \"feeling\" as an actor while inauspiciously concluding, \"The two things he does least well—singing and dancing—are what he is given most consistently to do.\" At the end of 1944, Kelly enlisted in the U.S. Naval Air Service and was commissioned as lieutenant, junior grade. He was stationed in the Photographic Section, Washington D.C.,",
"psg_id": "156213"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "separate status. In practice, their status is similar to that of additional given names, and middle names are often omitted in everyday use, just like a person with 3 or 4 given names would only use one of them in most situations. The historical purpose of middle names is to honour some related family or person, a godparent, or even a completely unrelated person, such as a locally or nationally prominent figure. Until the 19th century, it was not unusual to have the last name of a godparent as one's middle name, even when the godparent was not a blood",
"psg_id": "2303818"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "finale with Cyd Charisse. Though the film did not initially generate the same enthusiasm as \"An American in Paris\" had produced, it has subsequently overtaken the earlier film to occupy its current preeminent place among critics and filmgoers alike. At the peak of his creative powers, Kelly made what in retrospect some see as a mistake. In December 1951, he signed a contract with MGM that sent him to Europe for 19 months to use MGM funds frozen in Europe to make three pictures while personally benefiting from tax exemptions. Only one of these pictures was a musical, \"Invitation to",
"psg_id": "156225"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center at Boston University. Late in life, Kelly was awarded Irish citizenship under Ireland's Citizenship by Foreign Birth program. The application was initiated on his behalf by his wife Patricia Ward Kelly. Kelly's health declined steadily in the late 1980s. In July 1994, he suffered a stroke and stayed in a hospital for seven weeks. In early 1995, he had another stroke in Beverly Hills. Kelly died on February 2, 1996. His body was cremated, without funeral or memorial services. Kelly appeared as actor and dancer in the following musical films. He always choreographed his",
"psg_id": "156252"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Carl and Viggo are given names, while Manthey is a middle name and Lange is the family name. Manthey is his mother's maiden name. Unless his full name is used, he is correctly referred to as Mr. Lange, not as Mr. Manthey Lange. Carl Viggo Manthey Lange has a name typical of the Norwegian bourgeois class, with both his family name and his middle name being of foreign origin and being recognised surnames. Most Norwegians and Danes of the working class and peasant class used patronymics until the 19th century, when permanent family names became mandatory, first in Denmark in",
"psg_id": "2303820"
},
{
"title": "Combat Kelly",
"text": "Cookie Novak; Kelly is of Irish heritage, while Novak is a Polish immigrant. Combat Kelly stories were drawn by artists including Dave Berg, Joe Maneely, and Gene Colan, with at least one cover drawn by Russ Heath. Corporal Michael Lee Kelly starred as the leader of group of military convicts paroled for special missions in a nine-issue series cover-billed as \"Combat Kelly and the Deadly Dozen\" (June 1972 - Oct. 1973), though as simply \"Combat Kelly\" in the postal indicia. The series name and premise are similar to those of the 1960s movie \"The Dirty Dozen\". With issue #5 (Feb.",
"psg_id": "13965990"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "movies.\" \"Anchors Aweigh\" became one of the most successful films of 1945 and Kelly was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor. In \"Ziegfeld Follies\" (1946)—which was produced in 1944 but not released until 1946—Kelly collaborated with Fred Astaire, for whom he had the greatest admiration, in the famous \"The Babbitt and the Bromide\" challenge dance routine. After Kelly returned to Hollywood in 1946, MGM had nothing planned and used him in a routine, black-and-white movie: \"Living in a Big Way\". The film was considered so weak that the studio asked Kelly to design and insert a series of",
"psg_id": "156215"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "married three times. His first marriage was to the actress Betsy Blair in 1941. They had one child, Kerry (b. 1942), and divorced in April 1957. In 1960, Kelly married his choreographic assistant Jeanne Coyne, who had previously been married to Stanley Donen between 1948 and 1951. Kelly and Coyne had two children, Timothy (b. 1962) and Bridget (b. 1964). This marriage lasted until Coyne's death in 1973. Kelly married Patricia Ward in 1990. Their marriage lasted for six years until his death. Kelly was a lifelong supporter of the Democratic Party. His period of greatest prominence coincided with the",
"psg_id": "156248"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "and administrative acknowledgement by his/her father. Children of a single father takes no middle name, even when the mother's identity is known. To illustrate that, the daughter of an unmarried couple named \"Ana Cristina dela Cruz Manansala\" and \"Jose Maria Panganiban Lozada\", named '\"Maria Cristina'\", will be named \"Maria Cristina Manansala dela Cruz\" (or \"Ma. Cristina M. dela Cruz\"), with Ana Cristina's middle name, \"dela Cruz\", as surname. But once Jose Maria wants to acknowledge her as his child legally and administratively, Maria Cristina will take the surname \"Lozada\", but keep the maternal surmame \"Manansala\" as middle name, thus, \"Maria",
"psg_id": "2303830"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "the name of address. For the sake of completeness, Swedish forms often ask people to fill in all their given names and to indicate which one is their \"name of address\" (\"tilltalsnamn\"). Traditional middle names in Vietnamese are \"Văn\" for male names and \"Thị\" for female names. However, modern Vietnamese do not consider these to be attractive names, especially \"Thị\". Therefore, nowadays popular middle names also are popular first names. Middle names play an important role in Vietnamese full names; they could help creating beautiful names when combine with first names, distinguishing people who have the same first name (there",
"psg_id": "2303826"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "about middle names that shall not be hyphenated. Some of these double-barreled surnames are combined with a hyphen, while others are not, so a double surname without a hyphen can sometimes be indistinguishable from a middle name followed by a family name. In Scandinavia, there is no limit on how many given names one can have. Given names have never been referred to as middle names, apart from many in Sweden believing so, as mentioned above. The use of more than two or three given names is generally associated with the upper class. The first given name is not necessarily",
"psg_id": "2303825"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "the early 19th century and then in Norway around 1900. A middle name is usually a recognised surname and not a patronymic. One reason middle names have become popular in the 20th century, particularly in Denmark, is that most Danish surnames originated as patronymics and are shared by a large number of people. The use of middle names in modern times serves to differentiate them from other people. For example, Danish politician Lars Løkke Rasmussen has some of the most common given and last names in Denmark (Lars and Rasmussen); his mother's maiden name is the slightly more unusual name",
"psg_id": "2303821"
},
{
"title": "What a Way to Go! (film)",
"text": "It won a Locarno Film Festival award for Best Actor for Gene Kelly. What a Way to Go! (film) What a Way to Go! is a 1964 American black comedy film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Shirley MacLaine, Paul Newman, Robert Mitchum, Dean Martin, Gene Kelly, Bob Cummings and Dick Van Dyke. In a dream-like pre-credit sequence, Louisa May Foster (Shirley MacLaine), dressed as a black-clad widow, descends a pink staircase in a pink mansion. As she reaches the bottom, she is followed by pall-bearers carrying a pink coffin. As they round the bend in the staircase, the",
"psg_id": "4844950"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "Beautiful Name\" earned two Dove awards, Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won the award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song at the 60th Grammy Awards, the first for Hillsong Worship. The song was recorded at a live performance at the annual Hillsong Conference in 2016. Hillsong performed the song at the 48th Annual Dove Awards held at Allen Arena in Nashville. The performance was well received and \"had audience members on their feet with their hands in the air.\" When asked about performing the song in an interview with \"Billboard\"s Jim",
"psg_id": "19789533"
},
{
"title": "Gene Gene the Dancing Machine",
"text": "Gene Gene the Dancing Machine Eugene S. Patton, Sr (April 25, 1932 – March 9, 2015), also known as Gene Patton and more widely known by his stage name Gene Gene the Dancing Machine, was a television personality, dancer and stagehand who worked at NBC Studios in Burbank, California. Patton was the first African-American member of the International Alliance of Theatrical and Stage Employees, Local 33. Patton's claim to fame, however, was from his various appearances on the network's talent search game show, \"The Gong Show\". In addition to his stage duties, Patton was one of several amateur performers who",
"psg_id": "8023838"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "are many common last names in Vietnam), and also distinguishing the gender of the names (unisex names are used widely in Vietnam). Hence, Vietnamese rarely abbreviate their middle names. For Filipinos, the middle name is usually the maternal surname, which is the maiden surname of a person's mother. The use of the maternal surname as middle name is from American influence, where Filipinos adopted English naming customs, when they once used Spanish naming customs, that used two surnames (paternal and maternal) joined with the particle \"y\" (or \"e\", before \"i\"), which remains in use but became restricted to very formal",
"psg_id": "2303827"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "the art of dance, while articulating the philosophy behind his dance style. It gained an Emmy nomination for choreography and now stands as the key document explaining Kelly's approach to modern dance. Kelly appeared frequently on television shows during the 1960s, including \"Going My Way\", which was based on the 1944 film of the same name. It enjoyed great popularity in Roman Catholic countries outside the U.S. He also appeared in three major TV specials: \"The Julie Andrews Show\" (1965), \"New York, New York\" (1966), and \"Jack and the Beanstalk\" (1967)—a show he produced and directed that again combined cartoon",
"psg_id": "156232"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "the Ball Game\" (1949), his second film with Sinatra, where Kelly paid tribute to his Irish heritage in \"The Hat My Father Wore on St. Patrick's Day\" routine. This musical film persuaded Arthur Freed to have Kelly make \"On the Town\", in which he partnered with Frank Sinatra for the third and final time. A breakthrough in the musical film genre, it has been described as \"the most inventive and effervescent musical thus far produced in Hollywood.\" Stanley Donen, brought to Hollywood by Kelly to be his assistant choreographer, received co-director credit for \"On the Town\". According to Kelly: \"...",
"psg_id": "156218"
},
{
"title": "Fred Norbert Kelly",
"text": "love To Go Swimmin' with Women\". Fred Norbert Kelly Fred Norbert Kelly (June 29, 1916–March 15, 2000) was an American choreographer, dancer, actor and director. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1916, Kelly was the youngest of five children. Kelly began his dance career at the age of four performing with his older siblings known as The Five Kelly's, including famed American actor and dancer Gene Kelly. He began to teach dance at thirteen years old at the family owned Gene Kelly Studio after learning to tap dance from legends such as Bill \"Bojangles\" Robinson and Hal Leroy. Kelly would later",
"psg_id": "20986350"
},
{
"title": "Fred Norbert Kelly",
"text": "Fred Norbert Kelly Fred Norbert Kelly (June 29, 1916–March 15, 2000) was an American choreographer, dancer, actor and director. Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1916, Kelly was the youngest of five children. Kelly began his dance career at the age of four performing with his older siblings known as The Five Kelly's, including famed American actor and dancer Gene Kelly. He began to teach dance at thirteen years old at the family owned Gene Kelly Studio after learning to tap dance from legends such as Bill \"Bojangles\" Robinson and Hal Leroy. Kelly would later go on to have a successful",
"psg_id": "20986347"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "location in Johnstown, Pennsylvania, in 1933. Kelly served as a teacher at the studio during his undergraduate and law student years at Pitt. In 1931 he was approached by the Beth Shalom Synagogue in Pittsburgh to teach dance, and to stage the annual Kermesse. The venture proved a success, Kelly being retained for seven years until his departure for New York. Kelly eventually decided to pursue a career as a dance teacher and full-time entertainer, so he dropped out of law school after two months. He increased his focus on performing and later claimed: \"With time I became disenchanted with",
"psg_id": "156205"
},
{
"title": "Patrick H. Kelly",
"text": "a B.A. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison and worked with Governor John W. Reynolds, Jr.'s staff on reapportionment litigation) again unseated Kelly, taking an absolute majority in a five-way Democratic primary: Kelly came in third. Patrick H. Kelly Patrick Henry Kelly (June 13, 1890 – July 30, 1965) was an American educator and politician, who served two 2-year terms as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Kelly was born June 13, 1890 in Chicago, and grew up in Cassville, Wisconsin, attending Cassville High School and Middle School. He worked variously as a carpenter, cabinetmaker, private",
"psg_id": "16713825"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "\"Hong\" (弘). Traditionally, the list of generational names may be decided many generations in advance by the ancestors. In such naming systems, the de facto given name is the last character of a person's full name. Even if that was the case most of the time, sometimes the person's given name is the middle character and not the last. A three-character name is both patriarchal and hierarchical, as it would inform of a person's belonging and rank within a family. During the One-child Policy, there was no need for a generation name as there was only one child in each",
"psg_id": "2303812"
},
{
"title": "Gene Hickerson",
"text": "Leroy Kelly. It was announced as \"one last time, Gene Hickerson leads Bobby Mitchell, Jim Brown, and Leroy Kelly.\" He was inducted by his friend and former teammate at The University of Mississippi and the Cleveland Browns, Bobby Franklin. On October 20, 2008, Hickerson died just outside Cleveland, Ohio. The Browns added a \"GH\" tribute badge to their helmets for the 2008 season in his honor. Gene Hickerson Robert Gene Hickerson (February 15, 1935 – October 20, 2008) was an American Football offensive guard who played for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) in a fifteen-year career",
"psg_id": "7392815"
},
{
"title": "Laura Michelle Kelly",
"text": "Laura Michelle Kelly Laura Michelle Kelly (born 4 March 1981) is an English actress and singer who is best known for playing the role of Mary Poppins in the musical of the same name and originating the role of Sylvia in Finding Neverland. Kelly was born in Totton near Southampton, Hampshire, and moved to a farm on the Isle of Wight with her family, her mother's birthplace and where her father and mother first met. She attended Newchurch Primary, Solent Middle and Sandown High. Her first musical appearance was in \"Bugsy Malone\" in middle school. She studied with a local",
"psg_id": "5592429"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "staging and Kelly handling the choreography. Kelly went much further than before in introducing modern ballet into his dance sequences, going so far in the \"Day in New York\" routine as to substitute four leading ballet specialists for Sinatra, Munshin, Garrett and Miller. Kelly asked the studio for a straight acting role and he took the lead role in the early mafia melodrama \"Black Hand\" (1950). This exposé of organized crime is set in New York's \"Little Italy\" during late 19th century and focuses on the Black Hand, a group that extorts money upon threat of death. In real-life incidents",
"psg_id": "156220"
},
{
"title": "What Yo Name Iz?",
"text": "What Yo Name Iz? \"What Yo Name Iz?\" is the debut single by American rapper Kirko Bangz. The Sound M.O.B. produced song was featured on his mixtape \"Procrastination Kills 3\" (2011). It's also Kirko Bangz's first song to chart on the US \"Billboard\" charts. The official remix to \"What Yo Name Iz?\" features Wale, Big Sean, and Bun B. The remix was released on , before the original version. Maxrank also made a remix for this song. \"What Yo Name Iz?\" was the first song by Kirko Bangz to chart on the billboard charts. It debuted at number 97 on",
"psg_id": "16342479"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Truman. (He once told reporters—apparently at odds with his own practice—that the S should thus not be followed by period.) More than two given names are fairly common. In England they are traditionally more common among the \"upper classes\" and \"middle classes\". Examples are J. R. R. Tolkien, W.E.B. Du Bois, George H. W. Bush. Middle names can also be used as first names. Major examples are Paul McCartney, Mitt Romney, Dakota Fanning, Elle Fanning, Sylvester Stallone, Jonathan Demme, Riley Keough, Reese Witherspoon, Hayley Orrantia, Brad Pitt, Ashton Kutcher, Meghan Markle, Rihanna, Scott Chandler, Nomar Garciaparra, Bill Mumy, Roger Waters",
"psg_id": "2303810"
},
{
"title": "Blue Gene",
"text": "Blue Gene comes from what it was originally designed to do, help biologists understand the processes of protein folding and gene development. \"Blue\" is a traditional moniker that IBM uses for many of its products and the company itself. The original Blue Gene design was renamed \"Blue Gene/C\" and eventually Cyclops64. The \"L\" in Blue Gene/L comes from \"Light\" as that design's original name was \"Blue Light\". The \"P\" version was designed to be a petascale design. \"Q\" is just the letter after \"P\". There is no Blue Gene/R. The Blue Gene/L supercomputer was unique in the following aspects: The",
"psg_id": "1237706"
},
{
"title": "Gene Arnold",
"text": "Gene Arnold Gene Arnold (b. July 11, 1941), nicknamed \"Giant Gene\" by his fans at record hops and dances, is a radio and television personality from Philadelphia. Arnold began his musical career in the 1950s, appearing on American Bandstand as a singing teenager in 1956, where Dick Clark gave him the stage name 'Rick Roman' when he was asked for a suggestion. As Rick Roman, he recorded, wrote songs, and performed in rock n roll shows. He also wrote or contributed lyric lines or ideas to many of the top hits of the 60's and early 70's. He later wrote",
"psg_id": "4511619"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "Knievel!\", with the popular stuntman, Evel Knievel. Kelly continued to make frequent TV appearances. His final film role was in \"Xanadu\" (1980), an expensive theatrical flop that has since attained a cult following. In Kelly's opinion, \"The concept was marvelous but it just didn't come off.\" In the same year, he was invited by Francis Ford Coppola to recruit a production staff for American Zoetrope's \"One from the Heart\" (1982). Although Coppola's ambition was for him to establish a production unit to rival the Freed Unit at MGM, the film's failure put an end to this idea. In 1985 Kelly",
"psg_id": "156236"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "There are also some new immigrants whose Chinese given names are their first names followed by English middle names. The practice of taking English and Chinese given names is also common in Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. However, rather than placing the Chinese given name between the English given name and the family name, it is commonly placed after the family name in these places. Under such a system, Bruce Junfan Lee would have been Bruce Lee Junfan. This practice is consistent with both the Western convention of putting the given name before the family name and the Chinese",
"psg_id": "2303816"
},
{
"title": "Gene S. Walker Sr.",
"text": "Gene S. Walker Sr. Gene Simeon Walker Sr. (March 15, 1926 – January 19, 2015), was a rancher, landowner, and businessman from his native Laredo, Texas. The Walkers have operated ranches for more than a century in South and West Texas and Mexico. The family has also branched into petroleum, natural gas, real estate, banking, and retail concerns. Walker family patriarch James Oliver \"J. O.\" Walker Sr. (1888–1967), arrived in South Texas in the early 20th century from Grant Parish in North Louisiana. He had contracted malaria as a young man when he planned to enroll at Louisiana State University",
"psg_id": "18573200"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "Kelly continued to make some film appearances, such as Hornbeck in the 1960 Hollywood production of \"Inherit the Wind\". However, most of his efforts were now concentrated on film production and directing. In 1962 he directed Jackie Gleason in \"Gigot\" in Paris, but the film was drastically re-cut by Seven Arts Productions and flopped. Another French effort, Jacques Demy's homage to the MGM musical, \"Les Demoiselles de Rochefort\" (1967), in which Kelly appeared, was popular in France and nominated for Academy Awards for Best Music and Score of a Musical Picture (Original or Adaptation), but performed poorly elsewhere. He appeared",
"psg_id": "156230"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "teaching because the ratio of girls to boys was more than ten to one, and once the girls reached 16 the dropout rate was very high.\" In 1937, having successfully managed and developed the family's dance school business, he finally did move to New York City in search of work as a choreographer. Kelly returned to Pittsburgh, to his family home at 7514 Kensington Street by 1940, and worked as a theatrical actor. After a fruitless search for work in New York, Kelly returned to Pittsburgh to his first position as a choreographer with the Charles Gaynor musical revue \"Hold",
"psg_id": "156206"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "in the past, as it is an old tradition. It's very common to use the name of a grandparent as middle name. It is termed \"segundo nombre\" (lit. second name). However, its widespread use is slowly shrinking due to the influence of neighboring countries.. Actually, most of south-american, especially Hispanic citizens are acquainted with the use of compound given names, such as Maria + (second given name) or Juan + (given name), among others. This is often considered a useful way of distinguishing from similar or identical names considering that Spanish-derived surnames are strikingly common in some cultural regions (e.g.",
"psg_id": "2303833"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "and Jim Acosta. Traditionally, Chinese names consisted of three characters—the surname, followed by a two-character given name (\"ming\"), which is not separated into a first and middle name in usage. Two-character given names follow a naming tradition in which the first character of the given name (and thus the second character in the three-character full name) indicates the person's generation in his/her family. For example, the Yongzheng Emperor of the Qing dynasty has the given name \"Yinzhen\" (胤禛) while his brothers' names all begin with the character \"Yin\" (胤). His sons' and nephews' given names all begin with the character",
"psg_id": "2303811"
},
{
"title": "Kelly pool",
"text": "until the law was repealed in 1964. Likewise, the playing of kelly pool was banned in the Canadian province of Manitoba at least as of 1918. Gambling exploits associated with kelly pool were often depicted in Clare Briggs' comic strip of the same name, which centered on the game. The \"Kelly Pool\" strip (\"panel pictured at right\"), ran in the \"New York Tribune<nowiki>'</nowiki>s\" sports section from 1912 to 1917. From the early- to mid-20th century numerous newspaper stories cover indictments of kelly pool as a bastion of gambling. In February 1908, the county attorney of Oklahoma City denounced kelly pool,",
"psg_id": "9763265"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "whom Kelly had spotted in Paris and brought to Hollywood. Its dream ballet sequence, lasting an unprecedented seventeen minutes, was the most expensive production number ever filmed at that time. Bosley Crowther described it as, \"... whoop-de-doo ... one of the finest ever put on the screen.\" Also in 1951, Kelly received an honorary Academy Award for his contribution to film musicals and the art of choreography. The following year, \"Singin' in the Rain\" featured Kelly's celebrated and much imitated solo dance routine to the title song, along with the \"Moses Supposes\" routine with Donald O'Connor and the \"Broadway Melody\"",
"psg_id": "156224"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "upon which this film is based, it was the Mafia, not the Black Hand, who functioned as the villain. Even in 1950, however, Hollywood had to tread gingerly whenever dealing with big-time crime, it being safer to go after a \"dead\" criminal organization than a \"live\" one. There followed \"Summer Stock\" (1950)—Garland's last musical film for MGM—in which Kelly performed the celebrated \"You, You Wonderful You\" solo routine with a newspaper and a squeaky floorboard. In his book \"Easy the Hard Way,\" Joe Pasternak, head of one of the other musical units within MGM, singled out Kelly for his patience",
"psg_id": "156221"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Kiniski",
"text": "Kelly Kiniski Kelly Kiniski (born May 27, 1960) is a Canadian-born American retired professional wrestler. He is the elder son of the legendary wrestler Gene Kiniski and is best known for his work with Mid-Atlantic Championship Wrestling and WCCW. Kelly Kiniski was trained by his father, the legendary \"Canada's Greatest Athlete\" Gene Kiniski. He made his professional debut with Stampede Wrestling on August 1, 1980 in Calgary, defeating Texas Red Miller. On December 26, 1980, he teamed with his father to defeat Moose Morowski and The Destroyer in an NWA All-Star Wrestling tag team match in Vancouver, British Columbia. He",
"psg_id": "10452536"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "lost faith in Kelly's box-office appeal, and as a result \"It's Always Fair Weather\" \"premiered\" at 17 drive-in theatres around the Los Angeles metroplex. Next followed Kelly's last musical film for MGM, \"Les Girls\" (1957), in which he partnered a trio of leading ladies, Mitzi Gaynor, Kay Kendall, and Taina Elg. It too sold few movie tickets. The third picture he completed was a co-production between MGM and himself, a cheapie B-film, \"The Happy Road\", set in his beloved France, his first foray in a new role as producer-director-actor. After leaving MGM, Kelly returned to stage work. In 1958, Kelly",
"psg_id": "156228"
},
{
"title": "What Happened Was",
"text": "stakes and the tension couldn't be any higher if these were two characters having a more conventional action scene.\" Roger Ebert, however, gave the film a thumbs down, calling it \"Contrived\" and stating that \"There is a lot less here than meets the eye.\" What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely",
"psg_id": "10650488"
},
{
"title": "Aimee Kelly",
"text": "Aimee Kelly Aimee Kelly is a British actress best known for her debut leading role in the feature film \"Sket\", for which she was nominated Best British Newcomer at the London Film Festival Awards. Kelly also starred in CBBC's hit drama \"Wolfblood\" as Maddy Smith, for which she was nominated Best Children's performer by BAFTA. Aimee Kelly appeared on the sixth season of the children's gameshow, \"Raven\" in 2006 under her warrior name Melka. She reached the fifth day of the second week, finishing third. At 16, she auditioned for the role of Minnie McGuinness in E4's \"Skins\", however the",
"psg_id": "17214404"
},
{
"title": "What Yo Name Iz?",
"text": "the U.S. Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs on the week of October 23, 2010. It spent 27 weeks on the chart and peaked at number 41. What Yo Name Iz? \"What Yo Name Iz?\" is the debut single by American rapper Kirko Bangz. The Sound M.O.B. produced song was featured on his mixtape \"Procrastination Kills 3\" (2011). It's also Kirko Bangz's first song to chart on the US \"Billboard\" charts. The official remix to \"What Yo Name Iz?\" features Wale, Big Sean, and Bun B. The remix was released on , before the original version. Maxrank also made a remix for",
"psg_id": "16342480"
},
{
"title": "Gene Olaff",
"text": "Navy, Olaff was hired by the New Jersey State Police. During his nearly 30 years with the State Police, Olaff was an academy instructor, deputy superintendent, chief of staff and finally, superintendent in 1975. He also created the police underwater unit using his wartime experience. In 1978, Olaff was hired by D.B. Kelly Associates, a newly established security firm. He remained with D.B. Kelly until at least 1996. Olaff was inducted into the National Soccer Hall of Fame in 1971. He died in January 2017 at the age of 96. Gene Olaff Eugene A. \"Gene\" Olaff (September 23, 1920 –",
"psg_id": "11222351"
},
{
"title": "Richard Kelly (director)",
"text": "2013. In an interview with \"PopMatters\" magazine journalist J.C. Maçek III in 2017, Kelly said in regards to doing an official sequel to \"Donnie Darko\", \"I’m open to doing something much bigger and longer and more ambitious that could be a new story,\" Kelly said and then added, \"We’ll see what happens. I have a lot of stuff that I’m working on and it’s ambitious and it’s expensive and we’ll see what happens.\" In regards to the 2009 \"Donnie Darko\" sequel \"S. Darko\" Kelly has said, \"I had nothing to do with it. And I hate it when people try",
"psg_id": "4391663"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Preston",
"text": "Kelly Preston Kelly Preston (born October 13, 1962) is an American actress and former model. She has appeared in more than sixty television and film productions, most notably including \"Mischief\", \"Twins,\" and \"Jerry Maguire\". She is married to John Travolta, with whom she collaborated on the science fiction film \"Battlefield Earth\". She also starred in the films \"The Cat in the Hat\", \"Old Dogs\", and \"Broken Bridges\". Kelly Kamalelehua Smith (the middle name \"Kamalelehua\" means 'garden of lehuas' in Hawaiian - a lehua being a well-known Hawaiian flower) was born in Honolulu, Hawaii. Her mother Linda was an administrator of",
"psg_id": "1968451"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "Cristina Manansala Lozada\" (or \"Ma. Cristina M. Lozada\"). As the daughter of only Jose Maria, Maria Cristina will be rather called \"Maria Cristina Lozada\" or \"Ma. Cristina Lozada\", even when the mother is known. In married women, the middle name usually corresponds to the maiden surname, but on professional society, women usually add the husband's surname after their maiden name, keeping the maternal surname. A married woman may decline taking the husband's surname and keep her maiden name as no Philippine law compels women to take her husband's surname. Thus, a woman named \"Maria Concepcion Perez Limchauco\" (or \"Ma. Concepcion",
"psg_id": "2303831"
},
{
"title": "What Was Missing",
"text": "\"subtext\". \"The A.V. Club\" named the episode one of the ten additional installments of the series that illustrates that \"emotional complexity\" lies \"beneath \"Adventure Time\"s weirdness\". \"What Was Missing\" became controversial because of an allegedly implied past relationship between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum. The controversy largely began after an accompanying \"Mathematical\" recap—a behind the scenes video series produced by Frederator Studios that implied that there were lesbian relations between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and that the writing staff actively seeks input from fans. This incident was addressed by Fred Seibert, the show's executive producer, who said that \"in trying to",
"psg_id": "16566923"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly",
"text": "animation and live dance, winning him an Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program. In 1963, Kelly joined Universal Pictures for a two-year stint. He joined 20th Century Fox in 1965, but had little to do—partly due to his decision to decline assignments away from Los Angeles for family reasons. His perseverance finally paid off, with the major box-office hit \"A Guide for the Married Man\" (1967) where he directed Walter Matthau. Then, a major opportunity arose when Fox—buoyed by the returns from \"The Sound of Music\" (1965)—commissioned Kelly to direct \"Hello, Dolly!\" (1969), again directing Matthau along with Barbra Streisand.",
"psg_id": "156233"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "on the chart. What a Beautiful Name also leads the CCLI, the international licensing service for 250,000 churches. The YouTube video has more than 220 million views as of 23 April 2018. \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a track from Hillsong Worship's 25th live album, \"Let There Be Light\". The album was released on 14 October 2016, and debuted as No. 1 on the Top Christian Albums chart. For 2017, \"Let There be Light\" was ranked the No. 9 of the year. Hillsong Worship was named Billboard's Top Christian Artist of 2017, as well as Top Christian Duo/Group. \"What a",
"psg_id": "19789532"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Bednar",
"text": "in a row. Kelly Bednar Kelly Gene Bednar (Born February 19, 1964) was an American football player who played defensive end for the Los Angeles Rams of the NFL from 1987 to 1999. Bednar was born in Cooperstown, North Dakota. Kelly was a three-sport athlete at Cooperstown High School, who started in football, basketball and track. Kelly was All Conference in both basketball and football his junior and senior years. In 1985 Kelly Bednar played Basketball for Valley City State before injuring his knee and was forced to redshirt. After taking a year off, Bednar attended NDSSS North Dakota State",
"psg_id": "19417730"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Bednar",
"text": "Kelly Bednar Kelly Gene Bednar (Born February 19, 1964) was an American football player who played defensive end for the Los Angeles Rams of the NFL from 1987 to 1999. Bednar was born in Cooperstown, North Dakota. Kelly was a three-sport athlete at Cooperstown High School, who started in football, basketball and track. Kelly was All Conference in both basketball and football his junior and senior years. In 1985 Kelly Bednar played Basketball for Valley City State before injuring his knee and was forced to redshirt. After taking a year off, Bednar attended NDSSS North Dakota State School of Science",
"psg_id": "19417728"
},
{
"title": "Gene Kelly filmography",
"text": "Aweigh\" and \"Invitation to the Dance\") and dance scenes involving special effects (including the \"Alter Ego\" number from \"Cover Girl\" and the split-screen dance number from \"It's Always Fair Weather\"). In addition to his work as an actor and choreographer, Kelly directed or co-directed several films, some of which did not feature him in an acting role. Kelly appeared in several non-musical dramatic and comedy films as well. Kelly received an Academy Award nomination for Best Actor for his performance in \"Anchors Aweigh\" (1945) and won an Honorary Academy Award for his work in \"An American in Paris\" (1951). He",
"psg_id": "13119660"
},
{
"title": "Robert Kelly (naval officer)",
"text": "3's exploits in the Philippines in 1941-42 were portrayed in the 1942 book \"They Were Expendable\" by William L. White, and the 1945 film of the same name, in which the character of \"Rusty Ryan\", played by John Wayne, was based on Kelly. Robert Kelly (naval officer) Captain Robert Bolling Kelly (June 9, 1913 - January 23, 1989) was an officer of the United States Navy who served during World War II. Kelly was born in New York City, and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1935. In 1941-42 Lieutenant Kelly served as both Executive Officer of",
"psg_id": "15929117"
},
{
"title": "ASPM (gene)",
"text": "sometime in the last 15000 years, and it seems to have swept through much of the European and Middle-Eastern population. Although the new allele is evidently beneficial, researchers do not know what it does. The mouse gene, \"Aspm\", is expressed in the primary sites of prenatal cerebral cortical neurogenesis. The difference between \"Aspm\" and ASPM is a single, large insertion coding for so-called IQ domains. Studies in mice also suggest a role of the expressed Aspm gene product in mitotic spindle regulation. The function is conserved, the \"C. elegans\" protein ASPM-1 was shown to be localized to spindle asters, where",
"psg_id": "2526952"
},
{
"title": "Middle name",
"text": "just Mary Bianchi). An individual may have more than one middle name, or none. In the United Kingdom, for comparison, she would usually be referred to as either Mary Bianchi, M. L. Bianchi or Mary Lee Bianchi, or she may choose Lee Bianchi, and informally there may be familiar shortenings. It is debatable how long multiple given names have existed in English-speaking countries, but it is certain that among royalty and aristocracy the practice existed by the late 17th century (and possibly earlier), as exemplified in the name of the Stuart pretender James Francis Edward Stuart (1688–1766). Despite their relatively",
"psg_id": "2303806"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Preston",
"text": "and conspiracy to extort and resigned from the Senate as a result of the allegations. Kelly Preston Kelly Preston (born October 13, 1962) is an American actress and former model. She has appeared in more than sixty television and film productions, most notably including \"Mischief\", \"Twins,\" and \"Jerry Maguire\". She is married to John Travolta, with whom she collaborated on the science fiction film \"Battlefield Earth\". She also starred in the films \"The Cat in the Hat\", \"Old Dogs\", and \"Broken Bridges\". Kelly Kamalelehua Smith (the middle name \"Kamalelehua\" means 'garden of lehuas' in Hawaiian - a lehua being a",
"psg_id": "1968460"
},
{
"title": "Martin Kelly (Heavenly)",
"text": "a new book on the subject of Vox guitars manufactured during the 1960s. As manager of Saint Etienne, Kelly was involved in the production of three feature-length films made by the band and Paul Kelly between 2004-2008. The first \"Finisterre\", a documentary about London (directed by Paul Kelly and Kieran Evans), was released to coincide with Saint Etienne's album of the same name and met with huge critical acclaim. \"What Have You Done Today, Mervyn Day?\" (2005) and \"This Is Tomorrow\" (2007) both directed by Paul Kelly further cemented the team's reputation for producing high quality documentaries. In autumn 2010",
"psg_id": "15043615"
},
{
"title": "Peter X. Kelly",
"text": "Peter X. Kelly Peter X. Kelly (born June 3, 1959) is a restaurateur and renowned chef. He runs the Xaviars Restaurant Group, which owns and manages Xaviars and Freelance Cafe in Piermont, New York, Restaurant X and Bully Boy Bar in Congers and Xaviars X2O on the Hudson in Yonkers. The name of the group is based on Peter Kelly's middle name, Xavier. He is a self-taught chef, and , has spent about 30 years cooking professionally in the Hudson Valley. He was born and grew up in Yonkers and Croton-on-Hudson, New York, in an Irish Catholic family where he",
"psg_id": "15253399"
},
{
"title": "Paul Kelly (U.S. musician)",
"text": "in 1972 as \"Dirt\", taking the name from the single, \"(He Ain't Nothin' But) Dirt\". Kelly's third Warner Bros. Records single, \"Don't Burn Me\" (1972), was also a minor hit. It was followed by an album of the same name. A 1974 single, \"Hooked, Hogtied & Collared\" was his second biggest self-recorded hit, and it too inspired an album by the same name, with controversial artwork — a drawing depicting bondage. With disco on the rise, Warner Bros. Records forced out Kelly's preferred producer, Buddy Killen. Kelly recorded with Gene Page (Barry White's co-arranger), but the material was never released.",
"psg_id": "9742122"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Kelly",
"text": "In late 2007, she also made an appearance in Florida Championship Wrestling, WWE's new developmental territory. Blank debuted for the ECW brand as Kelly Kelly. Originally, she was to be named just 'Kelly', but her ring name was expanded to 'Kelly Kelly' by WWE CEO Vince McMahon. She made her debut on the first episode of the weekly television program on June 13, 2006, becoming the youngest Diva on the WWE roster, aged 19. Her character, an exhibitionist, was introduced performing a striptease for the crowd. The next week, while performing another striptease, Kelly was interrupted by her on-screen boyfriend,",
"psg_id": "7731751"
},
{
"title": "Kelly Kelly",
"text": "Kelly Kelly Barbara Jean Blank (born January 15, 1987) is an American model, actress, reality television personality, and professional wrestler, better known by her ring name Kelly Kelly. Blank has a background in gymnastics and cheerleading, and worked as a model for Venus Swimwear and Hawaiian Tropic. In 2006, Blank was signed to a contract by WWE and, after training in Ohio Valley Wrestling, she debuted on the ECW brand in June 2006 as 'Kelly Kelly'. Primarily appearing in non-wrestling role, she was a member of Extreme Exposé with Layla and Brooke Adams. Beginning in late 2007, she began participating",
"psg_id": "7731747"
},
{
"title": "Gene nomenclature",
"text": "and why it was not explained. Therefore, a good alternative solution is simply to put either the official gene name or a suitable short description (gene alias/other designation) in parentheses after the first use of the official gene/protein symbol. This meets both the formal requirement (the presence of a gloss) and the functional requirement (helping the reader to know what the symbol refers to). The same guideline applies to shorthand names for sequence variations; AMA says, \"In general medical publications, textual explanations should accompany the shorthand terms at first mention.\" Thus \"188del11\" is glossed as \"an 11-bp deletion at nucleotide",
"psg_id": "9835089"
}
] | [
"curran (disambiguation)",
"curran"
] |
what was the profession of william eugene smith? | [
{
"title": "W. Eugene Smith",
"text": "W. Eugene Smith William Eugene Smith (December 30, 1918 – October 15, 1978) was an American photojournalist, who has been described as \"perhaps the single most important American photographer in the development of the editorial photo essay.\" His major photo essays include World War II photographs, the dedication of an American country doctor and a nurse midwife, the clinic of Dr Schweitzer in French Equatorial Africa, the city of Pittsburgh, and the pollution which damaged the health of the residents of Minamata in Japan. His 1948 series, \"Country Doctor\", photographed for \"Life\" magazine is now recognised as \"the first extended",
"psg_id": "2276344"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "W. Eugene Smith",
"text": "legacy, was finally published as a facsimile reproduction in 2013 by the University of Texas Press. A large book, the work includes two of Smith's original volumes, which present his imagery not according to story (as they would have been published at the time of their creation) but rather according to Smith's own creative process. The modern publication comes with a third book included in the slip-case, offering contemporary essays and notes. W. Eugene Smith William Eugene Smith (December 30, 1918 – October 15, 1978) was an American photojournalist, who has been described as \"perhaps the single most important American",
"psg_id": "2276361"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Smith (singer)",
"text": "programs honoring The Roberta Martin Singers and other singers and musicians from the \"Golden Era\" of gospel until his death. Eugene Smith died in his sleep at his apartment in Chicago, Illinois, on May 9, 2009. He was 88 years old. Smith was featured as a lead vocalist on the following songs recorded by The Roberta Martin Singers. Fidelity Records Label Recordings Religious Recording Label Recordings Apollo Label Recordings Savoy Label Recordings Eugene Smith (singer) Eugene Smith (April 22, 1921 – May 9, 2009) was an American gospel singer and composer. Eugene Smith was born on April 22, 1921. In",
"psg_id": "13351248"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Smith (singer)",
"text": "Eugene Smith (singer) Eugene Smith (April 22, 1921 – May 9, 2009) was an American gospel singer and composer. Eugene Smith was born on April 22, 1921. In 1933, Smith met Roberta Martin at Ebenezer Missionary Baptist Church when he joined the junior chorus led by Martin. That same year, Smith became one of the original Roberta Martin Singers. Smith was born to devout parents from Mobile, Alabama, and attended Wendell Phillips High School in Chicago, IL. During the start of World War II, Smith briefly served in the Army, but was discharged for his height, which barely registered five",
"psg_id": "13351245"
},
{
"title": "David Eugene Smith",
"text": "David Eugene Smith David Eugene Smith (January 21, 1860 – July 29, 1944) was an American mathematician, educator, and editor. David Eugene Smith is considered one of the founders of the field of mathematics education. Smith was born in Cortland, New York, to Abram P. Smith, attorney and surrogate judge, and Mary Elizabeth Bronson, who taught her young son Latin and Greek. He attended Syracuse University, graduating in 1881 (Ph. D., 1887; LL.D., 1905). He studied to be a lawyer concentrating in arts and humanities, but accepted an instructorship in mathematics at the Cortland Normal School in 1884 where he",
"psg_id": "6906093"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Allen Smith",
"text": "Eugene Allen Smith Eugene Allen Smith (October 27, 1841 – September 7, 1927) was an American geologist. He was born in the (now former) town of Washington, Alabama, in 1841, the son of Samuel Parrish Smith and his wife Adelaide Julia Allen. After an education in Prattville and a three-year stint at Central High School in Philadelphia, Eugene matriculated to the University of Alabama as a junior in 1860, where he graduated with an A.B. in 1862. With the American Civil War underway, Eugene enlisted as a private with the 33rd Regiment Alabama Infantry of the Confederate States Army, and",
"psg_id": "17159359"
},
{
"title": "David Eugene Smith",
"text": "large number of publications of various types. He was editor of the \"Bulletin\" of the American Mathematical Society; contributed to other mathematical journals; published a series of textbooks; translated Felix Klein's \"Famous Problems of Geometry\", Fink's \"History of Mathematics\", and the Treviso Arithmetic. He edited Augustus De Morgan's \"A Budget of Paradoxes\" (1915) and wrote many books on Mathematics which are listed below. David Eugene Smith David Eugene Smith (January 21, 1860 – July 29, 1944) was an American mathematician, educator, and editor. David Eugene Smith is considered one of the founders of the field of mathematics education. Smith was",
"psg_id": "6906095"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Allen Smith",
"text": "Alabama campus is named after him; this building is now the Alabama Museum of Natural History. In 1953, he was made a member of the Alabama Hall of Fame. Eugene Allen Smith Eugene Allen Smith (October 27, 1841 – September 7, 1927) was an American geologist. He was born in the (now former) town of Washington, Alabama, in 1841, the son of Samuel Parrish Smith and his wife Adelaide Julia Allen. After an education in Prattville and a three-year stint at Central High School in Philadelphia, Eugene matriculated to the University of Alabama as a junior in 1860, where he",
"psg_id": "17159363"
},
{
"title": "Albert Eugene Smith",
"text": "Albert Eugene Smith Albert Eugene (Gene) Smith (1907-1973) was a computing pioneer who worked for the U.S. Navy following World War II. He founded the \"Digital Computer Newsletter\" published by the Navy from 1949 through 1968. Smith also participated in the development of the COBOL programming language. Smith was born June 26, 1907, in Marshall, Illinois. He graduated from Indiana Central College (now University of Indianapolis), and completed an M.A. in physics at the University of Illinois. He taught high school and junior college until the outbreak of World War II. Smith was on active duty in the U.S. Navy",
"psg_id": "18490930"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Smith (singer)",
"text": "feet. Smith married and had a son, Eugene Smith, Jr., but the marriage ended in divorce, and Smith became estranged from Eugene Jr. Smith sang with the Roberta Martin Singers from the group's inception until it disbanded after Martin's death in 1969. As Smith termed his relationship with Martin in a 1981 interview for the Smithsonian, he and Martin \"went together like bacon and eggs.\" Smith was known for his distinct baritone/tenor register, his unique delivery of songs which influenced the styles of other gospel singers such as Professor Alex Bradford and Rev. James Cleveland, and his trademark narration and",
"psg_id": "13351246"
},
{
"title": "Eugene P. Smith",
"text": "Eugene P. Smith Eugene P. Smith (August 8, 1871 – March 24, 1918) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. Smith joined the Navy from California and by September 9, 1915, was serving as a Chief Watertender on the . On that day, the \"Decatur\" suffered an explosion of unknown cause and four compartments, including the ship's magazine, were engulfed in flames. Despite heavy fumes of undetermined origin and the risk of further explosions, Smith and other sailors entered the compartments and rescued three gunner's mates. Smith",
"psg_id": "13855693"
},
{
"title": "Albert Eugene Smith",
"text": "by the Short Range Task Force. Smith remained active in the COBOL community through the Conference on Data System Languages (CODASYL) until his retirement. Albert Eugene Smith Albert Eugene (Gene) Smith (1907-1973) was a computing pioneer who worked for the U.S. Navy following World War II. He founded the \"Digital Computer Newsletter\" published by the Navy from 1949 through 1968. Smith also participated in the development of the COBOL programming language. Smith was born June 26, 1907, in Marshall, Illinois. He graduated from Indiana Central College (now University of Indianapolis), and completed an M.A. in physics at the University of",
"psg_id": "18490933"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Owen Smith",
"text": "Eugene Owen Smith Eugene Owen Smith (May 9, 1929 in Manhattan – July 25, 2012) was an American biographer. Smith was a son of Julius and Sara Smith. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin with a degree in history. Due to his fathers' wishes he attended law school but dropped out from it six months later. In 1950s he joined the Army and was sent to Germany. He came back to New York City and started working as a clerk at Newsweek and by 1956 got a job with The Newark Star-Ledger. From 1956 to 1960 he worked at",
"psg_id": "17493916"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Owen Smith",
"text": "Grant: A Dual Biography\" in 1984 and the 1998biography of John J. Pershing called \"Until the Last Trumpet Sounds: The Life of General of the Armies John J. Pershing\". In 2009 he published his last book called \"Mounted Warriors: From Alexander the Great and Cromwell to Stuart, Sheridan and Custer\" and died off bone cancer at the age of 83. Eugene Owen Smith Eugene Owen Smith (May 9, 1929 in Manhattan – July 25, 2012) was an American biographer. Smith was a son of Julius and Sara Smith. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin with a degree in history.",
"psg_id": "17493918"
},
{
"title": "Eugene P. Smith",
"text": "later, on February 8, 1916. Smith died at age 46 and was buried at Cypress Hills National Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. Smith's official Medal of Honor citation reads: Attached to U.S.S. \"Decatur\"; for several times entering compartments on board of \"Decatur\" immediately following an explosion on board that vessel, 9 September 1915, and locating and rescuing injured shipmates. Eugene P. Smith Eugene P. Smith (August 8, 1871 – March 24, 1918) was a United States Navy sailor and a recipient of the United States military's highest decoration, the Medal of Honor. Smith joined the Navy from California and by",
"psg_id": "13855695"
},
{
"title": "W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund",
"text": "W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund is an organisation established to encourage and support individuals who are active in the field of photography for humanitarian purposes. It gives out the W. Eugene Smith Grant and Howard Chapnick Grant. Since 1979 the fund has worked to seek out independent voices who work and create outside the boundaries of modern publishing and mass media, following the legacy of W. Eugene Smith. The American photojournalist, working between 1936-1978, was committed to the documentation of human condition and suffering. He travelled searching to portray and capture people's behaviour in emotional",
"psg_id": "16377787"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Smith (aviator)",
"text": "children and several grandchildren and great grandchildren. Eugene Smith (aviator) Eugene Smith (1918 – November 21, 2012) was an American military aviator and attorney. He was a lieutenant with the Tuskegee Airmen in World War II, escorting bombers in Europe, and then served as a military flight instructor. Returning to Ohio, he earned a law degree. He practiced law for over 50 years, including argument of a first amendment case before the Supreme Court of the United States and leading the efforts toward racial integration of juries. Smith was born in 1918 in Franklin, Ohio. He attended Withrow High School",
"psg_id": "16932307"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Smith (aviator)",
"text": "Eugene Smith (aviator) Eugene Smith (1918 – November 21, 2012) was an American military aviator and attorney. He was a lieutenant with the Tuskegee Airmen in World War II, escorting bombers in Europe, and then served as a military flight instructor. Returning to Ohio, he earned a law degree. He practiced law for over 50 years, including argument of a first amendment case before the Supreme Court of the United States and leading the efforts toward racial integration of juries. Smith was born in 1918 in Franklin, Ohio. He attended Withrow High School in Cincinnati, where he ran track and",
"psg_id": "16932304"
},
{
"title": "William Eugene Drummond",
"text": "William Eugene Drummond William Eugene Drummond (March 28, 1876 – September 13, 1948) was a Chicago Prairie School architect. He was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of carpenter and cabinet maker Eugene Drummond and his wife Ida Marietta Lozier. The family relocated from Newark to Chicago in 1886; William was ten. The Drummonds settled on the West Side of Chicago, in Austin, at 813 Central Avenue. William Drummond grew up in the village of Austin and attended the Austin public schools. The Drummond family house is standing as ot underwent at the hands of William and Eugene. William",
"psg_id": "11485413"
},
{
"title": "W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund",
"text": "management. The grant was established to honor the memory of Howard Chapnick, former president of Black Star picture agency and writer of \"The Truth Needs No Ally: Inside Photojournalism\". The $5000 (US) grant funds a variety of projects which might include a program of further education, research, a special long-term sabbatical project, or an internship to work with a noteworthy group or individual. W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund is an organisation established to encourage and support individuals who are active in the field of photography for humanitarian purposes. It gives out the W. Eugene Smith",
"psg_id": "16377789"
},
{
"title": "Marvin Eugene Smith",
"text": "Else\" RCA 2013). Marvin Eugene Smith Marvin Eugene Smith (born 1952) is an American songwriter, executive and producer. He is a former protege of Motown producer Norman Jesse Whitfield. He has been active in the music industry for 40 years. His songs have been recorded by a diverse range of artists that include Jerry Butler (\"The Devil In Mrs. Jones\" Motown 1977) to Rose Royce (\"You're A Winner\" Whitfield-Warner 1980, \"Somehow We Made It Through the Rain\" Epic 1981) to Trey Songz (\"Gotta Go\" Capital 2004) to Charlie Wilson (\"There Goes My Baby\" BMG 2009) to Mario, Chris Brown and",
"psg_id": "17379825"
},
{
"title": "Marvin Eugene Smith",
"text": "Marvin Eugene Smith Marvin Eugene Smith (born 1952) is an American songwriter, executive and producer. He is a former protege of Motown producer Norman Jesse Whitfield. He has been active in the music industry for 40 years. His songs have been recorded by a diverse range of artists that include Jerry Butler (\"The Devil In Mrs. Jones\" Motown 1977) to Rose Royce (\"You're A Winner\" Whitfield-Warner 1980, \"Somehow We Made It Through the Rain\" Epic 1981) to Trey Songz (\"Gotta Go\" Capital 2004) to Charlie Wilson (\"There Goes My Baby\" BMG 2009) to Mario, Chris Brown and Nicki Minaj (\"Somebody",
"psg_id": "17379824"
},
{
"title": "William Brooke Smith",
"text": "William Brooke Smith William Brooke Smith (died 1908) was an American painter and friend of Ezra Pound. His death from tuberculosis greatly affected Pound, who dedicated his first poetry collection, \"A Lume Spento\", to Smith. William Brooke Smith was living in Philadelphia by 1901. In a 1921 letter to William Carlos Williams, Smith's friend Ezra Pound wrote \"How in Christ's name he came to be in Phila.—and to know what he did at age 17–25—I don't know.\" Pound's friend Hilda Doolittle recalled that Smith was \"tall, graceful, with a 'butterfly bow' tie\", and that a letter he had sent Pound",
"psg_id": "17872848"
},
{
"title": "William Eugene Evans",
"text": "William Eugene Evans Dr. William Eugene Evans (October 11, 1930 - October 12, 2010) was a world renowned marine mammal acoustician and ecologist and the fifth Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). William Eugene Evans was born in Elkhart, Indiana on October 10, 1930. He grew up in rural areas, but was able to frequently visit the museums in and around Chicago, which fostered an interest in science. His interest in marine life was locked in by circus displays which brought to his home town in successive years a preserved fin whale and a preserved sperm whale.",
"psg_id": "20731934"
},
{
"title": "William Eugene Evans",
"text": "whom he met in college, on December 27, 1952 in Dayton, OH and they remained married until his death in 2010. Together they had two children, Jonathan Arthur; born May 13, 1955 and Timothy Justice; born July 13, 1956, both in Fort Knox, Ky. He died in 2010 at the age of 80 in Bryan, Texas. William Eugene Evans Dr. William Eugene Evans (October 11, 1930 - October 12, 2010) was a world renowned marine mammal acoustician and ecologist and the fifth Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). William Eugene Evans was born in Elkhart, Indiana on",
"psg_id": "20731944"
},
{
"title": "William \"Tangier\" Smith",
"text": "of their name. William \"Tangier\" Smith William \"Tangier\" Smith (February 2, 1655 – February 18, 1705) was a mayor of Tangier, on the coast of Morocco, and an early settler of New York who owned more than of Atlantic Ocean waterfront property in central Long Island in New York State, in what is called the Manor of St. George. In 1701, he was Acting Governor of New York. Smith was born in Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, in England. He was sent to join his uncle William Staines in English Tangier and was elected Common Councilman of Tangier in 1677, becoming an",
"psg_id": "11163495"
},
{
"title": "William \"Tangier\" Smith",
"text": "William \"Tangier\" Smith William \"Tangier\" Smith (February 2, 1655 – February 18, 1705) was a mayor of Tangier, on the coast of Morocco, and an early settler of New York who owned more than of Atlantic Ocean waterfront property in central Long Island in New York State, in what is called the Manor of St. George. In 1701, he was Acting Governor of New York. Smith was born in Higham Ferrers, Northamptonshire, in England. He was sent to join his uncle William Staines in English Tangier and was elected Common Councilman of Tangier in 1677, becoming an alderman there in",
"psg_id": "11163489"
},
{
"title": "William Eugene Drummond",
"text": "window towers, and by the River Forest Public Library (1928–1930). William Drummond took part in the planning commission of River Forest throughout the 1920s and 1930s, while also remodeling several of Wright's designs. Shortly before his death on September 13, 1948, Drummond published a book detailing a plan to redesign the United States Capitol. Drummond's final resting place is Forest Home Cemetery, Forest Park, Cook County, Illinois. William Eugene Drummond William Eugene Drummond (March 28, 1876 – September 13, 1948) was a Chicago Prairie School architect. He was born in Newark, New Jersey, the son of carpenter and cabinet maker",
"psg_id": "11485421"
},
{
"title": "W. Eugene Smith",
"text": "mastery in his photography made his work the standard by which photojournalism was measured for many years.\" The W. Eugene Smith Memorial Fund promotes \"humanistic photography\". Since 1980, the fund has awarded photographers for exceptional accomplishments in the field. \"The Big Book\" is a conceptual photobook that Smith created at the beginning of the 1960s, intending to serve as retrospective sum of his work as well as a reflection of his life philosophies. Considered \"unviable and non-commercial\" at the time, due to having 380 pages and 450 images, it was not published at the time, but as part of his",
"psg_id": "2276360"
},
{
"title": "W. Eugene Smith",
"text": "daughter in a traditional Japanese bathing chamber. This has been withdrawn from circulation in accordance with the parents' wishes. The photograph was the centerpiece of a Minamata disease exhibition held in Tokyo, in 1974. Variety reported, in 2018, that Johnny Depp will portray W. Eugene Smith in an independent film drama called “Minamata,” regarding his work there. Smith returned from his stay in Minamata, Japan, in November 1974, and, after completing the \"Minamata\" book, he moved to a studio in New York City with a new partner, Sherry Suris. Smith's friends were alarmed by his deteriorating health and arranged for",
"psg_id": "2276357"
},
{
"title": "William Eugene Stanley",
"text": "strike were dealt with, a traveling library commission was authorized, and the state supreme court was increased to seven judges. After leaving office, he returned to Wichita and his law practice. From 1903 to 1904, he served on the Dawes Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes. Stanley died on October 13, 1910 in Wichita, Kansas and is interred at Highland Cemetery in Wichita. William Eugene Stanley William Eugene Stanley Sr. (December 28, 1844 – October 13, 1910) was the 15th Governor of Kansas. Born in Danville, Ohio, Stanley was the son of a physician, reared on a farm, and educated",
"psg_id": "10591242"
},
{
"title": "William Eugene Stanley",
"text": "William Eugene Stanley William Eugene Stanley Sr. (December 28, 1844 – October 13, 1910) was the 15th Governor of Kansas. Born in Danville, Ohio, Stanley was the son of a physician, reared on a farm, and educated in the common schools of Hardin County, Ohio. He attended Ohio Wesleyan University, but left before he graduated. He studied in Kenton and Dayton, Ohio and was admitted to the bar in Kenton, Ohio in 1868. He married Emma Lenora Hills and they had four children. Arriving in Jefferson County, Kansas, in 1870, Stanley opened his practice and taught school in Perry. He",
"psg_id": "10591240"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Lorton",
"text": "of 1924 to be the nominee for U. S. Senator from Oklahoma, but William B. Pine defeated him soundly. In 1928, Lorton publicly supported the Democratic nominee for President, Alfred E. Smith. He transferred his political loyalty to the Democratic Party in 1932, but this turned out to be only temporary. He returned to the Republican Party in 1940, and remained a member for the rest of his life. Eugene Lorton died in Tulsa of a heart ailment on October 17, 1949. His widow, Maud, died in 1962. Eugene Lorton Eugene Lorton (1869-1949) was the long-time editor and publisher of",
"psg_id": "17226458"
},
{
"title": "William Smith of Carbeth Guthrie",
"text": "first in 1810 to Jane Cuningham. His children included Archibald who became Sheriff-Substitute of Lanarkshire, and Cuningham Smith, with his first wife. In 1829 he married Sarah Wallis (1797-1877), and their children included: Henry Wallis Smith (minister of East Calder), Jane Cuningham Smith (married John Macredie of Perceton), Helen Catherine Smith (died unmarried), John Guthrie Smith (of Mugdock Castle), Major William Smith RA, and James George Smith (of Bombay and Liverpool). He was uncle to Archibald Smith of Jordanhill. His cousin was William Euing. William Smith of Carbeth Guthrie William Smith of Carbeth Guthrie (1787–1871) was a 19th century Scottish",
"psg_id": "20804931"
},
{
"title": "The Unpleasant Profession of Jonathan Hoag",
"text": "The Unpleasant Profession of Jonathan Hoag The Unpleasant Profession of Jonathan Hoag is a novella by Robert A. Heinlein. It was originally published in the October 1942 edition of \"Unknown Worlds\" magazine under the pseudonym of \"John Riverside\". It also lends its title to a collection of Heinlein's short stories published in 1959. A man comes to an investigator with an odd request: he wants to have himself followed, because he has no idea what his own profession is. The story evolves into a discussion of the reality of both life and art. Jonathan Hoag, a lover of art and",
"psg_id": "3655394"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (South Carolina representative)",
"text": "William Smith (South Carolina representative) William Smith (September 20, 1751 – June 22, 1837) was a congressman, state senator and judge from South Carolina. Smith was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, the oldest son of Ralph Smith and Mercy Penquite Smith. He moved to what became Spartanburg District, South Carolina with his family in 1765, where he became a planter. He fought in the Revolutionary War and served as a county judge from 1785 to 1797. He served in the South Carolina Senate from the Spartanburg District from 1790 to 1796 and was later elected a Democratic-Republican to the fifth",
"psg_id": "5612358"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (South Carolina representative)",
"text": "congress serving from 1797 to 1799. He was elected back to the South Carolina Senate serving from 1810 to 1818. He died in the Spartanburg District in 1837. William Smith (South Carolina representative) William Smith (September 20, 1751 – June 22, 1837) was a congressman, state senator and judge from South Carolina. Smith was born in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, the oldest son of Ralph Smith and Mercy Penquite Smith. He moved to what became Spartanburg District, South Carolina with his family in 1765, where he became a planter. He fought in the Revolutionary War and served as a county judge",
"psg_id": "5612359"
},
{
"title": "Hobart and William Smith Colleges",
"text": "as a trustee of Hobart College. The house was purchased in 1908 as the first William Smith dormitory. The house still houses William Smith students and is known for its grand Victorian features from fireplaces, to chandeliers, to large old windows. Though rarely recognized as such, the house is named for Elizabeth Blackwell, an early graduate of what became the Colleges. Comstock House was designed by Richard Upjohn's grandson, Hobart Upjohn, in 1932. Comstock is a women's dormitory named for Anna Botsford Comstock, friend of William Smith and the first woman to be named a member of the Board of",
"psg_id": "2907027"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Allen Smith",
"text": "was elected to the rank of 2nd lieutenant by the men. In December 1862, Eugene was appointed Instructor of Military Tactics at the University of Alabama by Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate states. He remained in that post for the remainder of the war. In 1865 he entered graduate school at the University of Berlin, followed by further studies at the University of Göttingen, and finally spent two years at the University of Heidelberg, where he was awarded a Ph.D. in 1868. Returning to the United States, Dr. Smith joined the University of Mississippi faculty as an instructor of",
"psg_id": "17159360"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (registrar)",
"text": "William Smith (registrar) William Smith (1816–1895) was a Ghanaian civil servant who worked in Freetown, Sierra Leone, as a registrar for the Mixed Commissionary Court. Due to his position and through his marriage to wealthy Freetown Creoles, Smith became a prominent figure in Sierra Leone. Smith had 14 children, including Adelaide Casely-Hayford, his most well known child. William Smith was born in Cape Coast on October 4, 1816 to William Smith Sr and a Fanti woman who was the daughter of a Chief. William Smith Senior (1795–1875) was from Yorkshire, England, and first came to the Gold Coast about 1820",
"psg_id": "14714312"
},
{
"title": "The Youngest Profession",
"text": "Hercules (John Carroll) to flirt with her mother, which only results in more misunderstandings. According to MGM records the film earned $1,187,000 in the US and Canada and $359,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $583,000. The Youngest Profession The Youngest Profession is a 1943 film, directed by Edward Buzzell, and starring Virginia Weidler, Edward Arnold, John Carroll, Scotty Beckett, and Agnes Moorehead. It contains cameos by Greer Garson, Lana Turner, William Powell, Walter Pidgeon, and Robert Taylor. Lively teen Joan Lyons (Virginia Weidler) and her best friend, Patricia Drew (Jean Porter), are dedicated autograph seekers who run around New",
"psg_id": "11358820"
},
{
"title": "W. Eugene Smith",
"text": "editorial photo story\". William Smith was born in Wichita, Kansas in December 1918. Smith graduated from Wichita North High School in 1936. He began his career by taking pictures for two local newspapers, \"The Wichita Eagle\" (morning circulation) and the \"Beacon\" (evening circulation). Smith moved to New York City and by 1938 he had begun to work for \"Newsweek.\" He became known there for his incessant perfectionism and thorny personality and eventually Smith was fired from \"Newsweek\". He later explained that \"Newsweek\" wanted him to work with larger format negatives, but he refused to abandon the 35mm Contax camera he",
"psg_id": "2276345"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (judge)",
"text": "his first wife Mary Het, of William Smith, Joshua Hett Smith, and Doctor Thomas Smith. His second wife was Elizabeth Scott, widow of Elisha Williams. William Smith (judge) William Smith (1697–1769) was an English-American lawyer and jurist. He was born in Newport Pagnell in England, emigrating with his family to New York in 1715. He became a judge of the Province of New York. In 1760, Smith was offered the position of chief justice of the province. Against the advice of friends and family, he turned down the offer. Smith's son, the younger William Smith, was then offered the position,",
"psg_id": "8712708"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (registrar)",
"text": "died in 1875. After Ann's death, Smith married a third time. Smith died in August 6, 1896. Smith's will was filed in September 1896 and named his son-in-laws William Broughton Davies and William Jarvis Awooner Renner as co-executors. William Smith (registrar) William Smith (1816–1895) was a Ghanaian civil servant who worked in Freetown, Sierra Leone, as a registrar for the Mixed Commissionary Court. Due to his position and through his marriage to wealthy Freetown Creoles, Smith became a prominent figure in Sierra Leone. Smith had 14 children, including Adelaide Casely-Hayford, his most well known child. William Smith was born in",
"psg_id": "14714317"
},
{
"title": "The Youngest Profession",
"text": "The Youngest Profession The Youngest Profession is a 1943 film, directed by Edward Buzzell, and starring Virginia Weidler, Edward Arnold, John Carroll, Scotty Beckett, and Agnes Moorehead. It contains cameos by Greer Garson, Lana Turner, William Powell, Walter Pidgeon, and Robert Taylor. Lively teen Joan Lyons (Virginia Weidler) and her best friend, Patricia Drew (Jean Porter), are dedicated autograph seekers who run around New York City attempting to meet celebrities. Deceived by trouble-making governess Miss Featherstone (Agnes Moorehead), Joan is distracted from her star-chasing by concerns over her parents' marriage. This leads Joan to hire a muscle man named Dr.",
"psg_id": "11358819"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (architect)",
"text": "William Smith (architect) William Smith (16 September 1817 – 22 December 1891) was a Scottish architect. He was a son of John Smith, also an architect, and his mother was Margaret Grant. A partner in the Aberdonian firms J & W Smith (1845–1879), W & J Smith (1879–1887) and W & J Smith and Kelly (1887–1891), and employed as Aberdeen's superintendent of works (1852–1891), he designed a large number of buildings in north east Scotland. Smith was the fourth child of the Aberdeen architect John Smith and the grandson of builder/architect William (Sink 'em) Smith. He attended Aberdeen Grammar School",
"psg_id": "15688827"
},
{
"title": "William Smith of Carbeth Guthrie",
"text": "William Smith of Carbeth Guthrie William Smith of Carbeth Guthrie (1787–1871) was a 19th century Scottish sugar trader who served as Lord Provost of Glasgow from 1822 to 1824. He was born on 12 January 1787 on Dunlop Street in Glasgow. He was second son of Archibald Smith of Jordanhill (1749-1821) near Glasgow, and his wife, Isabella Euing (1755-1855). His brothers were Archibald Smith and James Smith of Jordanhill. He served as Dean of Guild to Glasgow City Council in 1821 and as Lord Provost 1822 to 1824. He was a partner in the sugar trading firm of Smith &",
"psg_id": "20804929"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (composer)",
"text": "to its extreme in his Second Creed which is entirely a verse setting apart from the final ‘amen’. William Smith (composer) William Smith (\"c.\"27 March 1603 – April 1645) was an English composer from the city of Durham. He is chiefly known for his set of choral preces and responses for the Anglican liturgy of Evening Prayer. William Smith was baptised on 3 April 1603. William Smith was a Minor Canon during the time Richard Hutcheson was organist at Durham Cathedral. In addition to the well known Preces and Responses, Smith composed seven verse anthems, five festal psalms, two communion",
"psg_id": "9244505"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (composer)",
"text": "William Smith (composer) William Smith (\"c.\"27 March 1603 – April 1645) was an English composer from the city of Durham. He is chiefly known for his set of choral preces and responses for the Anglican liturgy of Evening Prayer. William Smith was baptised on 3 April 1603. William Smith was a Minor Canon during the time Richard Hutcheson was organist at Durham Cathedral. In addition to the well known Preces and Responses, Smith composed seven verse anthems, five festal psalms, two communion services, and a Kyrie ‘10: severall wayes’. Additionally there are two organ fantasias in Smith's handwriting at the",
"psg_id": "9244503"
},
{
"title": "William Bickford-Smith",
"text": "William Bickford-Smith William Bickford-Smith (1827 – 24 February 1899) was an English fuse manufacturer and a Liberal and Liberal Unionist politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1892. Smith was the son of George Smith of Truro and his wife Elizabeth Hurral Bickford. He was educated at Saltash and Plymouth. His grandfather William Bickford had developed a method of making mining fuses using rope which was safer than previous methods and with Smith's father had established a factory at Tuckingmill, Cornwall. Smith became a partner in his father's firm of Bickford, Smith, & Co. and lived",
"psg_id": "13321448"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (Medal of Honor, 1869)",
"text": "Ariz., October 20, 1869. Entered service at. ------. Birth. Bath, Maine. Date of issue: February 14, 1870. Citation: Gallantry in action. William Smith (Medal of Honor, 1869) William Smith was a private in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action at Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona Territory on October 20, 1869 during the Indian Wars. William Smith was born in Bath, Maine in 1838 and enlisted in the United States Army in 1869. He should not be confused with William H. Smith, who also received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action in the",
"psg_id": "8722813"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (Medal of Honor, 1869)",
"text": "William Smith (Medal of Honor, 1869) William Smith was a private in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action at Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona Territory on October 20, 1869 during the Indian Wars. William Smith was born in Bath, Maine in 1838 and enlisted in the United States Army in 1869. He should not be confused with William H. Smith, who also received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action in the same location on the same day. Rank and organization: Private, Company G, 8th U.S. Cavalry. Place and date: At Chiricahua Mountains,",
"psg_id": "8722812"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (mariner)",
"text": "are to the north of Scotland. At the beginning of the following year, 1820, the \"Williams\" was chartered by the Royal Navy, and dispatched with Smith and Lieutenant Edward Bransfield on board to survey the newly discovered islands, discovering also the Antarctic Peninsula in the process. Smith Island and Cape Smith in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica are named after William Smith. William Smith (mariner) William Smith (c. 1790–1847) was the English captain born in Blyth, Northumberland, who discovered the South Shetland Islands, an archipelago off the Graham Land in Antarctica. His discovery was the first ever made south of",
"psg_id": "4665717"
},
{
"title": "Profession of the supreme pontiff (Council of Basel)",
"text": "Profession of the supreme pontiff (Council of Basel) The Council at Basel decreed, in its 23rd session (26 March 1436) that anyone elected Pope should make, as a condition for his election to be valid, the \"profession of the supreme pontiff\", a formula declaring recognition of the Council as a \"General Council\" that it drew up specifically for that purpose. What the formula that each cardinal, meeting in conclave, was called upon to swear, declaring: \"I shall not make obeisance to anyone elected as pontiff before he takes the \"oath\" prescribed by this council of Basel\", refers to as an",
"psg_id": "9803399"
},
{
"title": "William Angie Smith",
"text": "William Angie Smith William Angie Smith (21 December 1894 – 1974) was a Bishop of The Methodist Church and the United Methodist Church, elected in 1944. William was born 21 December 1894 in Elgin, Texas, the son of William Angie and Mary (Marrs) Smith. William (Jr) married Bess Owens 20 July 1920. They had children William Angie III, Bryant Wesley and Shelby Lee. William (Jr) earned the A.B. degree from Southwestern University in 1917. He was a member of the Kappa Alpha Society. He then studied theology at the Southern Methodist University School of Religion (for one year), the Union",
"psg_id": "9474109"
},
{
"title": "William Burns Smith",
"text": "William Burns Smith William Burns Smith (November 11, 1844 - November 23, 1917) was an American politician. He served as the 74th Mayor of Philadelphia from 1884 to 1887. He was a member of the Republican Party. Smith was born in Glasgow on November 11, 1844, to William Wallace Smith and Anne Simpson. He and his parents moved to Philadelphia when William was 7. At age 11 he became a wood-carver’s apprentice. At age 25, he joined the Pennsylvania National Guard and became major of the Veteran Corps 14 years later. He was part of the force that put down",
"psg_id": "19734276"
},
{
"title": "William Stephens Smith",
"text": "the President \"\"cannot authorize a person to do what the law forbids\". \"Both Colonel Smith and Ogden stood trial and were found not guilty. His son William Steuben later escaped from the jail in Puerto Cabello. In 1807 Smith moved to Lebanon, New York. He was elected as a Federalist to the 13th United States Congress, holding office from March 4, 1813, to March 3, 1815. He ran for a second term in 1814, and appeared to defeat Westel Willoughby Jr. The Secretary of State of New York initially issued his credentials of election to the 14th United States Congress,",
"psg_id": "9288426"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (mariner)",
"text": "William Smith (mariner) William Smith (c. 1790–1847) was the English captain born in Blyth, Northumberland, who discovered the South Shetland Islands, an archipelago off the Graham Land in Antarctica. His discovery was the first ever made south of 60° south latitude, in the present Antarctic Treaty area. Earsdon Parish Records held at Woodhorn Museum show that William, eldest son of William and Mary Smith, was baptised at St. Cuthbert's Church on 10 October 1790. Smith had a younger brother, Thomas, and sister, Mary, and his father was a Joiner of Seaton Sluice. In the eighteenth century, boys would start their",
"psg_id": "4665714"
},
{
"title": "William Smith-Masters",
"text": "was Keeper of the Privy Purse to Queen Victoria. He too played first-class cricket, in one match for I Zingari. His father, Allan Cowburn, played first-class cricket for Oxford University. William Smith-Masters William Allan Smith-Masters born William Allan Cowburn (13 March 1850 – 27 August 1937) was an English cricketer. Smith-Masters batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born in Humber, Herefordshire. Smith-Masters made a single first-class appearance for Kent in 1875 against Hampshire at the Winchester College Ground, Winchester. In his only first-class innings, Smith-Masters scored 7 runs. He died in Meopham, Kent on 27 August 1937. Smith-Masters",
"psg_id": "15130858"
},
{
"title": "William Angie Smith",
"text": "degree Doctor of Divinity in 1927 by McMurry College. Centenary College did the same (D.D., 1934). His alma mater, Southwestern University, followed suit in 1938 (D.D.). William Angie Smith William Angie Smith (21 December 1894 – 1974) was a Bishop of The Methodist Church and the United Methodist Church, elected in 1944. William was born 21 December 1894 in Elgin, Texas, the son of William Angie and Mary (Marrs) Smith. William (Jr) married Bess Owens 20 July 1920. They had children William Angie III, Bryant Wesley and Shelby Lee. William (Jr) earned the A.B. degree from Southwestern University in 1917.",
"psg_id": "9474113"
},
{
"title": "William Trickett Smith",
"text": "William Trickett Smith William Trickett Smith, Sr. (also William Trickett Smith) (born c. 1938) is the former chairman of the Dauphin County Republican Committee, who was disbarred and imprisoned in 1985 for bid rigging and convicted of theft by unlawful taking and deception in 2010. He is the father of William Trickett Smith II, convicted in 2011 of murdering his wife and dismembering her while in Peru. In 2012, Trickett Sr. was convicted of arson and insurance fraud while facing disbarment and investigation for taking funds from his clients estates. In 2014 he was again sentenced for conspiring to help",
"psg_id": "14880117"
},
{
"title": "William Collard Smith",
"text": "William Collard Smith Lieutenant-Colonel Hon. William Collard Smith, (19 July 1830 – 20 October 1894) was a politician in colonial Victoria (Australia), member of the Victorian Legislative Assembly and Minister of Education 1880 to 1881. Smith was youngest son of William Smith, manager of a large cotton factory at Bollington, in Cheshire, England, where he was born. He emigrated to Victoria in 1852, and ultimately settled at Ballarat, of which he was Mayor. Identifying himself with the mining interest, he began to acquire that ascendency in the local politics of the goldfields' city, which he for many years maintained. Smith",
"psg_id": "17517863"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (businessman)",
"text": "class of William Smith College was to graduate. Smith left his mansion, the observatory and the house he had had built for Brooks to Hobart College. The house was subsequently bought back by Brooks' daughter, Anna. William Smith (businessman) William Smith (September 2, 1818–February 6, 1912) was an American businessman. Born in Canterbury, England, he set up a successful nursery business in Geneva, New York with his brothers in the mid 19th century. He also organised the Standard Optical Company in 1883 and was director of the First National Bank of Geneva. Smith, like many wealthy people of the period,",
"psg_id": "14588146"
},
{
"title": "William Lyman Smith",
"text": "Smith (still \"engaged in the telephone business\") was elected president pro tempore of the Senate for the 1927 session. He was not a candidate for re-election in 1928, and was succeeded by fellow Neillsville Republican Walter J. Rush. Smith later served as private secretary to Governor of Wisconsin Walter J. Kohler, Sr.. On June 26, 1901, Smith had married Olive T. Huntzicker, a native of Eaton, Wisconsin. At the time of her death in 1937, they had two sons, William Lyman, Jr., and Herbert. William Lyman Smith William Lyman Smith (February 12, 1878 – ?) was a teacher and businessman",
"psg_id": "15549792"
},
{
"title": "William Ramsay Smith",
"text": "William Ramsay Smith Dr William Ramsay Smith (27 November 1859 – 28 September 1937) was a Scottish physician, educator, naturalist, anthropologist and civil servant, who was active in Australia later in his career. It was during his time in Australia that Smith misappropriated the text of 'Legendary Tales of the Australian Abotigines' from the original indigenous author David Unaipon (b.28thSeptember 1872).ref. Legendary Tales ofthe Australian Aborigines, David Unaipon, Ed. Stephen Muecke and Adam Shoemaker: The Miegunyah Press:2006.© The David Unaipon Estate 2001. Smith was born in King Edward, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, the son of William Smith (a farm servant, and later",
"psg_id": "10201764"
},
{
"title": "William Carr Smith",
"text": "William Carr Smith William Carr Smith (1857–1930) was a Church of England priest, best known as the rector of St James' Church, Sydney from 1896 to 1910, whose Anglo-Catholic and Christian socialist ideals transformed Sydney's oldest church. Carr Smith's teaching was said to be \"continuous, methodical, very direct, very plain, and quite fearless\". William Isaac Carr Smith was born 13 October 1857, at Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, son of George Smith, a merchant seaman, and his wife Elizabeth, née Tolgat. Smith trained first as a teacher and then studied for the ministry at Lichfield Diocesan Theological College. He was ordained as",
"psg_id": "17620963"
},
{
"title": "William Owen Smith",
"text": "William Owen Smith William Owen Smith (August 4, 1848 – April 13, 1929) was a lawyer from a family of American missionaries who participated in the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. He served as attorney general for the entire duration of the provisional Government of Hawaii and the Republic of Hawaii. Smith was born August 4, 1848 in Kōloa on the island of Kauaʻi. His mother was Millicent Knapp (1816–1891). His parents were physician James William Smith (1810–1887) and teacher Melicent Knapp Smith (1816-1891). His parents were in the tenth set of missionaries to Hawaii from the American Board",
"psg_id": "14818629"
},
{
"title": "Eugene Hütz",
"text": "Eugene Hütz Eugene Hütz ( , \"Yevhen Hudz′\"; born Yevheniy Aleksandrovich Nikolayev-Simonov, , 6 September 1972) is a Ukrainian-born singer, composer, disc jockey and actor, most notable as the frontman of the Gypsy punk band Gogol Bordello. Hütz was born in Boyarka, to a Russian father, a butcher by profession, and a Ukrainian mother who was of half Servitka ancestry. His father also played guitar in one of Ukraine's first rock bands, Meridian. When Eugene was 14, he and his father made his first guitar of plywood, his first distortion pedals out of radio parts, and his first drum set",
"psg_id": "6035793"
},
{
"title": "William Robertson Smith",
"text": "really old and really valuable has nothing to fear from the critic, whose labours can only put its worth in a clearer light, and establish its authority on a surer basis. Among his writings are the following. Hiphop artist Astronautalis wrote a song about Smith entitled \"The Case of William Smith\". His younger brother was the astronomer Charles Michie Smith FRSE. William Robertson Smith Rev Prof William Robertson Smith DD FRSE LLD (8 November 1846 – 31 March 1894) was a Scottish orientalist, Old Testament scholar, professor of divinity, and minister of the Free Church of Scotland. He was an",
"psg_id": "3103131"
},
{
"title": "William Ruthven Smith",
"text": "William Ruthven Smith William Ruthven Smith (April 2, 1868 – July 15, 1941) was a career United States Army officer who commanded the 36th Infantry Division during its deployment in France during World War I and later became Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. William Ruthven Smith was born on April 2, 1868, in Nashville, Tennessee, son of Robert McPhail and Lititia (Trimble) Smith. The younger Smith attended Vanderbilt University and was appointed to the United States Military Academy from his native state, graduating 10th out of 62 cadets in his class of 1892.",
"psg_id": "13322627"
},
{
"title": "William Ruthven Smith",
"text": "named for him, armed with two 16-inch guns. William Ruthven Smith William Ruthven Smith (April 2, 1868 – July 15, 1941) was a career United States Army officer who commanded the 36th Infantry Division during its deployment in France during World War I and later became Superintendent of the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York. William Ruthven Smith was born on April 2, 1868, in Nashville, Tennessee, son of Robert McPhail and Lititia (Trimble) Smith. The younger Smith attended Vanderbilt University and was appointed to the United States Military Academy from his native state, graduating 10th out",
"psg_id": "13322632"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (poet)",
"text": "Sidney by the \"author of Chloris\" ; it is now in the British Library, MS. Addit. 35186. Plays signed \"W. Smith\" assigned at some points to Smith were by Wentworth Smith. The above article on William Smith depends on the authority of Sidney Lee cited below, but Lee is not accurate or reliable. See major correction entered above. William Smith (poet) William Smith (15??-16??) was an English sonneteer, poet, and friend of Edmund Spenser. He participated in \"The Phoenix Nest\" (1593), \"England's Helicon\" (1600) and published a sonnet sequence \"Chloris\" or \"The Complaint of the passionate despised Shepheard\" in 1596.",
"psg_id": "9102974"
},
{
"title": "William Crawford Smith",
"text": "William Crawford Smith \"For the English bowler, see William Charles Smith.\" William Crawford Smith (November 26, 1837 – February 5, 1899) was an American architect who served in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and in the United States Army during the Philippine–American War. He designed many buildings in Nashville, Tennessee, including Kirkland Hall, the first building on the campus of Vanderbilt University, and the Parthenon in Centennial Park. William Crawford Smith was born on November 26, 1837 in Petersburg, Virginia. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee in the 1850s. During the American Civil War of 1861–1865, he",
"psg_id": "19166459"
},
{
"title": "William H. Smith (Medal of Honor)",
"text": "William H. Smith (Medal of Honor) William H. Smith (1847 – October 5, 1877) was a Private in the United States Army who received the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action at Chiricahua Mountains, Arizona Territory on October 20, 1869 during the Indian Wars. Smith was born in 1847 in Lapeer County, Michigan, and joined the Army in 1869. He died at Camp Howard, Idaho Territory on 5 October 1877. He should not be confused with William Smith, who was also awarded the Medal of Honor for gallantry in action in the same location on the same day. Rank",
"psg_id": "8722814"
},
{
"title": "William Smith-Masters",
"text": "William Smith-Masters William Allan Smith-Masters born William Allan Cowburn (13 March 1850 – 27 August 1937) was an English cricketer. Smith-Masters batting and bowling styles are unknown. He was born in Humber, Herefordshire. Smith-Masters made a single first-class appearance for Kent in 1875 against Hampshire at the Winchester College Ground, Winchester. In his only first-class innings, Smith-Masters scored 7 runs. He died in Meopham, Kent on 27 August 1937. Smith-Masters had a distinguished extended family. His brother-in-law, Spencer Gore, played first-class cricket for Surrey, as well as being the first champion of the Wimbledon Championships. His other brother-in-law, Fleetwood Edwards,",
"psg_id": "15130857"
},
{
"title": "William Collingwood Smith",
"text": "enjoyed an outstanding reputation as a teacher so that his classes at Wyndham Lodge, 13 Brixton Hill, included not only amateurs, but also professionals, and military and naval officers. His works are to be found in numerous galleries, both public and private. His grave is in the West Norwood Cemetery. He is buried there alongside his wife Louisa Triquet and his son William Harding Collingwood Smith who was also an artist. William Collingwood Smith William Collingwood Smith (10 December 1815 Greenwich - 15 March 1887 Brixton Hill), was a noted English watercolourist. William's father William Smith worked for the Admiralty",
"psg_id": "12012053"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (Ordnance)",
"text": "William Smith (Ordnance) William Smith (1721–1803) was an English civil servant who held the post of Treasurer of the Ordnance throughout the French Revolutionary Wars. Christened on 3 May 1721 at the church of St. Peter the Great, Chichester, he was the eldest son of John Smith (1688–1749), a surgeon in Chichester, and his first wife Sarah Buckenham (1693–1732), daughter of the Reverend John Buckenham. His younger brother, the Reverend Charles Smith (1729–1803), became rector of West Stoke outside Chichester, while his sister, Anne Smith (1731–1806), married the Reverend William Webber, a Canon Residentiary of Chichester Cathedral, and became the",
"psg_id": "19182562"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (judge)",
"text": "William Smith (judge) William Smith (1697–1769) was an English-American lawyer and jurist. He was born in Newport Pagnell in England, emigrating with his family to New York in 1715. He became a judge of the Province of New York. In 1760, Smith was offered the position of chief justice of the province. Against the advice of friends and family, he turned down the offer. Smith's son, the younger William Smith, was then offered the position, which he accepted. The elder Smith's actions in this instance would prove popular with the Patriots in the American Revolution. He was the father, by",
"psg_id": "8712707"
},
{
"title": "William Kennedy Smith",
"text": "William Kennedy Smith William Kennedy Smith (born September 4, 1960) is an American physician whose work focuses on landmines and the rehabilitation of landmine victims. He is a member of the prominent Kennedy family and is famous for a well-publicized 1991 rape trial in which he was acquitted. William Kennedy Smith is the second of four children of Stephen Edward Smith and Jean Kennedy Smith. His mother is the youngest daughter of Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr. and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He is a nephew of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and Senator Ted Kennedy. He is the",
"psg_id": "5747162"
},
{
"title": "William Wensley Smith",
"text": "William Wensley Smith William Wensley Smith (1887–1955) was a Canadian who founded W.W. Smith Insurance Ltd., one of the oldest insurance brokerages in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located in the city of Swift Current, where it had its beginnings in 1913. When William Wensley Smith, an Englishman from Woolwich, immigrated to Canada in 1903 as a teenager, he didn't have much more than the shirt on his back and a few shillings in his pocket. However, he did have a letter of introduction from his pastor, vouching for him as a hard-working fellow of good character. Smith used that letter",
"psg_id": "5638231"
},
{
"title": "William Farrar Smith",
"text": "in Arlington National Cemetery. His \"Autobiography of Major General William F. Smith, 1861 – 1864\" was published posthumously in 1990. William Farrar Smith William Farrar Smith (February 17, 1824 – February 28, 1903), known as 'Baldy' Smith, was a Union general in the American Civil War, notable for attracting the extremes of glory and blame. He was praised for his gallantry in the Seven Days Battles and the Battle of Antietam, but was demoted for insubordination after the disastrous defeat at the Battle of Fredericksburg. As chief engineer of the Army of the Cumberland, he achieved recognition by restoring a",
"psg_id": "4177364"
},
{
"title": "William 'Gentleman' Smith",
"text": "William 'Gentleman' Smith William Smith (1730 – 13 September 1819), known as \"Gentleman Smith\", was a celebrated English actor of the 18th century who worked with David Garrick, and was the original creator of the role of Charles Surface in Richard Brinsley Sheridan's \"The School for Scandal\". William Smith was born in London in 1730. His father, intending that he should enter the church, sent him to Eton College in 1737 and then to St John's College, Cambridge in 1748. The vivacious spirit for which he was well known at Eton led him into problems at Cambridge. One evening he",
"psg_id": "9344032"
},
{
"title": "William Jay Smith",
"text": "New York Review of Books, ,\" Federico García Lorca (1994). William Jay Smith William Jay Smith (April 22, 1918 – August 18, 2015) was an American poet. He was appointed the nineteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1968 to 1970. William Jay Smith was born in Winnfield, Louisiana. He was brought up at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, south of St. Louis. Smith received his A.B. and M.A. from Washington University in St. Louis, and continued his studies at Columbia University, and Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. In 1947 he married the poet Barbara Howes,",
"psg_id": "7634632"
},
{
"title": "William Reardon Smith",
"text": "in Cardiff City Hall. Reardon Smith Line Reardon Smith Ships William Reardon Smith Sir William Reardon Smith, 1st Baronet (7 August 1856 – 23 December 1935) was an English shipowner and philanthropist. Reardon Smith was born in Appledore, Devon the youngest son of Elizabeth ( - January 1906, nee Green) and Thomas Reardon Smith, a sailing ship captain. After her husband and eldest son Philip Green Smith were lost at sea when the schooner Hazard sank off the coast of South Wales in October 1859 his mother was forced to bring up her surviving eight children alone on her income",
"psg_id": "10586765"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (abolitionist)",
"text": "William Smith (abolitionist) William Smith (1756–1835) was a leading independent British politician, sitting as Member of Parliament (MP) for more than one constituency. He was an English Dissenter and was instrumental in bringing political rights to that religious minority. He was a friend and close associate of William Wilberforce and a member of the Clapham Sect of social reformers, and was in the forefront of many of their campaigns for social justice, prison reform and philanthropic endeavour, most notably the abolition of slavery. He was the maternal grandfather of pioneer nurse and statistician Florence Nightingale. William Smith was born on",
"psg_id": "7759235"
},
{
"title": "Eugene A. Stead",
"text": "offices of private practices. While he worked and helped build the medical education institutions, he had some disdain for the way they practiced and acted as gatekeepers to the medical profession. Eugene A. Stead Dr. Eugene Anson Stead Jr. (October 6, 1908 in Atlanta, Georgia – June 12, 2005) is best known as a medical educator, researcher, and the founder of the Physician Assistant or P.A. profession. He served on the faculty at Harvard, Emory (where he received a Bachelor of Science and MD degree), and Duke universities. His research in the 1940s paved the way for cardiac catheterization in",
"psg_id": "6177834"
},
{
"title": "William Jay Smith",
"text": "William Jay Smith William Jay Smith (April 22, 1918 – August 18, 2015) was an American poet. He was appointed the nineteenth Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress from 1968 to 1970. William Jay Smith was born in Winnfield, Louisiana. He was brought up at Jefferson Barracks, Missouri, south of St. Louis. Smith received his A.B. and M.A. from Washington University in St. Louis, and continued his studies at Columbia University, and Oxford University as a Rhodes Scholar. In 1947 he married the poet Barbara Howes, and they lived for a time in England and Italy.",
"psg_id": "7634630"
},
{
"title": "William Robertson Smith",
"text": "William Robertson Smith Rev Prof William Robertson Smith DD FRSE LLD (8 November 1846 – 31 March 1894) was a Scottish orientalist, Old Testament scholar, professor of divinity, and minister of the Free Church of Scotland. He was an editor of the \"Encyclopædia Britannica\" and contributor to the \"Encyclopaedia Biblica\". He is also known for his book \"Religion of the Semites\", which is considered a foundational text in the comparative study of religion. Smith was born in Keig in Aberdeenshire the eldest son of Rev William Pirie Smith, minister of the recently created Free Church of Scotland for the parishes",
"psg_id": "3103124"
},
{
"title": "History of the legal profession",
"text": "History of the legal profession The legal profession has its origins in ancient Greece and Rome. Although in Greece it was forbidden to take payment for pleading the cause of another, the rule was widely flouted. After the time of Claudius, lawyers (\"iuris consulti\") could practise openly, although their remuneration was limited. A skilled and regulated profession developed gradually during the late Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire: advocates acquired more status, and a separate class of notaries (\"tabelliones\") appeared. In Western Europe, the legal profession went into decline during the Dark Ages, re-emerging during the 12th and 13th centuries",
"psg_id": "12888267"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (loyalist)",
"text": "William Smith (loyalist) William \"Plum\" Smith (sometimes erroneously spelt Smyth) (26 January 1954 – 8 June 2016) was a Northern Irish loyalist, former paramilitary, and politician. He had been involved in Ulster loyalism in various capacities for at least forty years. Smith was born in Mountjoy Street on Belfast's Shankill Road into a poor Ulster Protestant family, the son of shipyard worker Charles William Smith and his wife Isobel. He had three older sisters, Margaret, Elizabeth and Nan (the latter dying in infancy before he was born), a younger brother Gordon and a younger sister Jean. There was rumoured Native",
"psg_id": "15647662"
},
{
"title": "Oldest profession (phrase)",
"text": "called “the oldest profession in the world\", a profession which is carried on in Piccadilly, Regent street, and other parts of London with great energy every night … In the same year the \"Pall Mall Gazette\" reported a speech in which \"Mrs. Ormiston Chant … implored us to stand shoulder to shoulder and destroy what Kipling has called 'the oldest profession in the world'\". The phrase was frequently used as a euphemism when delicacy forbade direct reference to prostitution. Kipling was not the first to employ the phrase \"the most ancient profession\" in an opprobrious sense. The Irish poet Henry",
"psg_id": "18871051"
},
{
"title": "William Ernest Smith",
"text": "Chiefs Association, which was rare for a volunteer fire chief at that time. Murray City used volunteer firemen until the latter half of the twentieth century. He died in a nursing home in 1973. William Ernest Smith William Ernest \"Ernie\" Smith served one term as mayor of Murray, Utah from 1946-1947. He preferred to be known as Ernest or Ernie to differentiate between him and his father. Ernest was son of local businessman William Smith who owned the Murray Meat and Grocery store (later Smith Market) and whom later oversaw the store. He was president of the Murray School District",
"psg_id": "14515699"
},
{
"title": "William Alden Smith",
"text": "and is named for him. The younger Smith was married to Marie McRae, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Milton A. McRae of Detroit and San Diego, California. This couple had a son, William Alden, III, who died on December 16, 1968 in San Diego, California at the age of 52. They are all buried in the family mausoleum at Woodlawn Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Michigan. William Alden Smith William Alden Smith (May 12, 1859 – October 11, 1932) was a U.S. Representative and U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan. Smith was born in Dowagiac, Michigan to George Richardson and Leah",
"psg_id": "3544195"
},
{
"title": "William Rudolph Smith",
"text": "William Rudolph Smith William Rudolph Smith (August 31, 1787 – August 22, 1868) was a politician in the states of Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. Smith was born on August 31, 1787 in Trappe, Pennsylvania. He moved to Mineral Point, Wisconsin in 1837. His son Richard M. Smith spent a one-year term as a Democratic member of the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1856. Another son, John Montgomery Smith, also served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in 1892. Smith died on August 22, 1868 in Quincy, Illinois or in Mineral Point. Smith served in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and the Pennsylvania State",
"psg_id": "14667840"
},
{
"title": "William L. Smith (barber)",
"text": "with 944 votes to 785 for Democrat William T. Langen and 499 for Republican J. Jensen, and remained on the joint finance committee, on which he was now joined by newly elected Republican Assemblyman William L. Smith of Neillsville. In 1918, Smith was defeated for re-election by Democrat George Czerwinski, 1006 to 863. William L. Smith (barber) William L. Smith (1878 - ?) was a barber from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who served three terms as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly. Smith was born in the Town of Franklin in 1878. He attended both public and parochial schools, but at",
"psg_id": "15542513"
},
{
"title": "William Smith O'Brien",
"text": "Grace O'Brien was a campaigner for the better treatment of Irish emigrants. William Smith O'Brien's elder brother Lucius O'Brien (1800–1872) was for some time member of parliament for County Clare. William Smith O'Brien's sister Harriet O'Brien married an Anglican priest but was soon widowed. As Harriet Monsell, she founded the order of Anglican nuns, the Community of St John Baptist, in Clewer, Windsor, in 1851. The gold cross she wore, and which still belongs to the Community, was made with gold panned by her brother during his exile in Australia. Books by Young Irelanders (Irish Confederation) William Smith O'Brien William",
"psg_id": "3381132"
},
{
"title": "William Oscar Smith",
"text": "William Oscar Smith Dr. William Oscar (W.O.) Smith (May 2, 1917 – May 31, 1991), was a jazz double bassist and music educator. Although he never pursued a solo career, and, as a result, is not often remembered by jazz historians, Smith was an important player in early jazz history as a sideman. Most notably, Smith was the bassist on Coleman Hawkins' iconic 1939 recording of \"Body and Soul\". The great jazz trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie said of Smith, \"Of all the musicians I've had the pleasure of associating with, I can say that Oscar Smith was among the most gifted.",
"psg_id": "17845363"
},
{
"title": "William Oscar Smith",
"text": "Park Cemetery in Nashville. William Oscar Smith Dr. William Oscar (W.O.) Smith (May 2, 1917 – May 31, 1991), was a jazz double bassist and music educator. Although he never pursued a solo career, and, as a result, is not often remembered by jazz historians, Smith was an important player in early jazz history as a sideman. Most notably, Smith was the bassist on Coleman Hawkins' iconic 1939 recording of \"Body and Soul\". The great jazz trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie said of Smith, \"Of all the musicians I've had the pleasure of associating with, I can say that Oscar Smith was",
"psg_id": "17845369"
},
{
"title": "William Smith (chief justice)",
"text": "William Smith (chief justice) William Smith ( – ) was a lawyer, historian, speaker, loyalist, and eventually the loyalist Chief Justice of the Province of New York from 1780 to 1782 and Chief Justice of the Province of Quebec, later Lower Canada, from 1786 until his death. Born in New York City on June 18, 1728, he was the son of Judge William Smith. His brother, Joshua Hett Smith was notable as the supposed \"dupe\" of Benedict Arnold and Major John André when they collaborated during the American Revolution. Smith graduated from Yale University in 1745, studied law with William",
"psg_id": "4940613"
}
] | [
"photographist",
"photographer",
"freelance photographer",
"freelance photography",
"photographr"
] |
what replaced the kgb in 1991? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "collapsed. The KGB was succeeded by the Federal Counterintelligence Service (FSK) of Russia, which was succeeded by the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation (FSB). The republican affiliation offices almost completely duplicated the structural organization of the main KGB. The Chairman of the KGB, First Deputy Chairmen (1–2), Deputy Chairmen (4–6). Its policy Collegium comprised a chairman, deputy chairmen, directorate chiefs, and republican KGB chairmen. KGB The KGB (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, ), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991. As a direct",
"psg_id": "13533141"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "Council chairman. In the 1980s, the glasnost liberalisation of Soviet society provoked KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov (1988–91) to lead the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt to depose President Mikhail Gorbachev. The thwarted \"coup d'état\" ended the KGB on 6 November 1991. The KGB's main successors are the FSB (Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation) and the SVR (Foreign Intelligence Service). The GRU (military intelligence) recruited the ideological agent Julian Wadleigh, who became a State Department diplomat in 1936. The NKVD's first US operation was establishing the legal residency of Boris Bazarov and the illegal residency of Iskhak Akhmerov",
"psg_id": "13533114"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "\"Rolling Stone\" designated it \"Rock Station of the Year\" in 1991. KGB-FM KGB-FM (101.5 MHz, \"101-5 KGB\") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to San Diego, California. It is owned and operated by and broadcasts a classic rock music format. KGB-FM's studios are located in San Diego's Kearny Mesa neighborhood on the northeast side, and the transmitter is located in East San Diego east of Balboa Park. The station has broadcast using the HD Radio digital transmission format since 2005. The 101.5 MHz FM frequency originally signed on the air in 1950 as KSON-FM, owned by Fred Rabel. It",
"psg_id": "5538486"
},
{
"title": "Active reserve (KGB)",
"text": "this time. Tycoon Mikhail Khodorkovsky hired former KGB general Alexei Kondaurov. Mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov had Yevgeny Primakov, then director of Russian Foreign intelligence. In 1991 businessman Vladimir Gusinsky hired General Philipp Bobkov who supervised the entire system of active reserve in the Soviet Union. Bobkov officially served as a head of security in the Media Most company that belonged to Gusinsky. Active reserve (KGB) The active reserve of the KGB are members of the organization who work undercover \"either pretending to assume various jobs or using as cover professions in which they are actually trained\". Active reserve KGB",
"psg_id": "12597707"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "KGB The KGB (Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti, ), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991. As a direct successor of such preceding agencies as Cheka, NKGB, NKVD and MGB, the committee was attached to the Council of Ministers. It was the chief government agency of \"union-republican jurisdiction\", acting as internal security, intelligence and secret police. Similar agencies were constituted in each of the republics of the Soviet Union aside from Russia, and consisted of many ministries, state committees and state commissions. The agency was",
"psg_id": "13533108"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "up in Afghanistan under the command of KHAD. In 1983 Boris Voskoboynikov became the next head of the KGB while Leonid Kostromin became his Deputy Minister. On 18 August 1991, Chairman of the KGB Vladimir Kryuchkov, along with seven other Soviet leaders, formed the State Committee on the State of Emergency and attempted to overthrow the government of the Soviet Union. The purpose of the attempted coup d'état was to preserve the integrity of the Soviet Union and the constitutional order. President Mikhail Gorbachev was arrested and ineffective attempts were made to seize power. Within two days, the attempted coup",
"psg_id": "13533140"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "a military service governed by army laws and regulations, in the same fashion as the Soviet Army or MVD Internal Troops. While most of the KGB archives remain classified, two online documentary sources are available. Its main functions were foreign intelligence, counter-intelligence, operative-investigatory activities, guarding the State Border of the USSR, guarding the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party and the Soviet Government, organization and ensuring of government communications as well as combating nationalism, dissent, and anti-Soviet activities. In 1991, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the KGB was split into the Federal Security Service and",
"psg_id": "13533109"
},
{
"title": "KGB prison cells",
"text": "KGB prison cells The former KGB prison cells at Pagari 1, Tallinn were opened for visitors in 2017 July. The cells are administrated by the Vabamu Museum of Occupations and Freedom. Pagari 1 is a house with a colourful past. In March 1918, during a time when the newly declared independence was still incredibly fragile, the residential building housed the Provisional Government of the Republic of Estonia. The Estonian War of Independence (1918–1920) was also coordinated from within these walls, and until 1940, it was the location of the Ministry of War of the Republic of Estonia. In March 1991,",
"psg_id": "20972964"
},
{
"title": "KGB (video game)",
"text": "title Conspiracy, which included clips of Rukov's father played by Donald Sutherland giving advice. In the CD version, all references to \"KGB\" within the game and manual were changed to \"Conspiracy\". The game is set in the summer of 1991. The protagonist, Captain Maksim Mikahilovich Rukov, recently transferred to the Department P from the GRU after three years' duty, is ordered to investigate possible corruption inside the KGB after a former agent turned private eye was found murdered. However, as the plot progresses, Rukov finds himself investigating a political plot of dangerous proportions. Captain Maksim Mikhailovich Rukov was born on",
"psg_id": "3056905"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "costume. He return with a brand spanking new name, this time as the San Diego Chicken was witnessed by 47,000 people at what was called a \"Grand Hatching\" event, where he emerged from a styroform egg as the theme from \"2001: A Space Odyssey\" played, since then Ted and his alternate ego The Chicken is still truly representing the city of San Diego and 101 KGB-FM to this very important day. In 1973, KGB-FM created an annual contest called \"Homegrown\", in which local singers and songwriters submitted songs about the San Diego area for inclusion on an album produced by",
"psg_id": "5538481"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "\"agents provocateur\" pretending \"sympathy to the cause\", smear campaigns against prominent dissidents, and show trials; once imprisoned, the dissident endured KGB interrogators \"and\" sympathetic informant cell-mates. In the event, Mikhail Gorbachev's glasnost policies lessened persecution of dissidents; he was effecting some of the policy changes they had been demanding since the 1970s. According to declassified documents, the KGB aggressively recruited former Nazi intelligence officers after the war. The KGB used them to penetrate the West German intelligence service. In the 1960s, acting upon the information of KGB defector Anatoliy Golitsyn, the CIA counter-intelligence chief James Jesus Angleton believed KGB had",
"psg_id": "13533125"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "internal subversion and possible revolutionary plots in the Soviet Bloc. In supporting those Communist governments, the KGB was instrumental in crushing the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, and the Prague Spring of \"Socialism with a Human Face\", in 1968 Czechoslovakia. During the Hungarian revolt, KGB chairman Ivan Serov personally supervised the post-invasion \"normalization\" of the country. In consequence, KGB monitored the satellite state populations for occurrences of \"harmful attitudes\" and \"hostile acts;\" yet, stopping the Prague Spring, deposing a nationalist Communist government, was its greatest achievement. The KGB prepared the Red Army's route by infiltrating to Czechoslovakia many illegal residents disguised",
"psg_id": "13533119"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "to find them at home. In 1967, the campaign of this suppression increased under new KGB Chairman Yuri Andropov. After suppressing the Prague Spring, KGB Chairman Andropov established the Fifth Directorate to monitor dissension and eliminate dissenters. He was especially concerned with Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and Andrei Sakharov, \"Public Enemy Number One\". Andropov failed to expel Solzhenitsyn before 1974; but did internally exile Sakharov to Gorky in 1980. The KGB failed to prevent Sakharov's collecting his Nobel Peace Prize in 1975, but did prevent Yuri Orlov collecting his Nobel Prize in 1978; Chairman Andropov supervised both operations. KGB dissident-group infiltration featured",
"psg_id": "13533124"
},
{
"title": "KGB Archiver",
"text": "algorithm for making its KGB files. It has ten levels of compression, from very weak to maximum. However, at higher compression levels, the time required to compress a file increases significantly. The official website is now offline. The minimum requirements for running KGB Archiver are: KGB Archiver KGB Archiver is a file archiver and data compression utility based on the PAQ6 compression algorithm. Written in Microsoft Visual C++ by Tomasz Pawlak, KGB Archiver is designed to achieve a very high compression ratio. As a consequence, the program is relatively memory- and CPU-intensive. KGB Archiver is free and open-source software released",
"psg_id": "7571848"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "the program was broadcast on KFMB-FM (100.7). Prior to the show's cancellation on \"100.7 KFM-BFM\", co-host Shelly Dunn announced her retirement from radio broadcasting. On August 6, 2018, \"The DSC Show\" returned to KGB-FM once again with the remainder of the cast. KGB-FM airs \"The Beatles Radio Show\", hosted by Ken Dashow, on Sundays. In 1974, KGB introduced the \"KGB-FM 101 Chicken\", an advertising mascot played by Ted Giannoulas. Ted then a student at San Diego State University was hired to wear a chicken outfit for a promotion to distribute both 1360 KGB and KGB-FM 101 Easter eggs to children",
"psg_id": "5538479"
},
{
"title": "KGB Archiver",
"text": "KGB Archiver KGB Archiver is a file archiver and data compression utility based on the PAQ6 compression algorithm. Written in Microsoft Visual C++ by Tomasz Pawlak, KGB Archiver is designed to achieve a very high compression ratio. As a consequence, the program is relatively memory- and CPU-intensive. KGB Archiver is free and open-source software released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Version 2 beta 2 is available for Microsoft Windows and a command-line version of KGB Archiver 1.0 is available for Unix-like operating systems. KGB Archiver is one of the few applications that works with the PAQ",
"psg_id": "7571847"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "(now KMYI) at 94.1 FM debuted in 1948. Rabel later sold the signal to Brown Broadcasting in 1958. KSON-FM was moved off the KSON AM tower on the corner of Highway 15 and Interstate 5, to the new site of sister station KGB (1360 AM, now KLSD) at 52nd Street and Kalmia. KSON-FM's call letters were changed to KGB-FM. In 1964, Brown Broadcasting hired Bill Drake to consult for the new KGB as the format he installed there later became known as \"Boss Radio\". In 1964, KGB and KGB-FM were separated, and the latter became KBKB, a beautiful music station.",
"psg_id": "5538475"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "time, demanded that KGB members influence Bangladesh (which was then newly formed) where Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was scheduled to win parliamentary elections. During that time, the Soviet secret service tried very hard to ensure support for his party and his allies and even predicted an easy victory for him. In June 1975, Mujib formed a new party called \"BAKSAL\" and created a one-party state. Three years later, the KGB in that region increased from 90 to 200, and by 1979 printed more than 100 newspaper articles. In these articles, the KGB officials accused Ziaur Rahman, popularly known as \"Zia\", and",
"psg_id": "13533128"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "Government. One notable KGB success occurred in 1967,with the walk-in recruitment of US Navy Chief Warrant Officer John Anthony Walker. Over eighteen years, Walker enabled Soviet Intelligence to decipher some one million US Navy messages, and track the US Navy. In the late Cold War, the KGB was successful with intelligence coups in the cases of the mercenary walk-in recruits FBI counterspy Robert Hanssen (1979–2001) and CIA Soviet Division officer Aldrich Ames (1985–1994). It was Cold War policy for the KGB of the Soviet Union and the secret services of the satellite states to extensively monitor public and private opinion,",
"psg_id": "13533118"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "literature re-emerged, including the novel \"One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich\" (1962), by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, who was code-named PAUK (\"spider\") by the KGB. After Khrushchev's deposition in 1964, Leonid Brezhnev reverted the State and KGB to actively harsh suppression; house searches to seize documents and the continual monitoring of dissidents became routine again. To wit, in 1965, such a search-and-seizure operation yielded Solzhenitsyn manuscripts of \"slanderous fabrications\", and the subversion trial of the novelists Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuli Daniel; Sinyavsky (alias \"Abram Tertz\"), and Daniel (alias \"Nikolai Arzhak\"), were captured after a Moscow literary-world informant told KGB when",
"psg_id": "13533123"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "a \"friend of the cause\" or as \"agents provocateurs\", who would infiltrate the target group to sow dissension, influence policy, and arrange kidnappings and assassinations. Mindful of ambitious spy chiefs—and after deposing Premier Nikita Khrushchev—Secretary Leonid Brezhnev and the CPSU knew to manage the next over-ambitious KGB Chairman, Aleksandr Shelepin (1958–61), who facilitated Brezhnev's palace \"coup d'état\" against Khrushchev in 1964 (despite Shelepin not then being in the KGB). With political reassignments, Shelepin protégé Vladimir Semichastny (1961–67) was sacked as KGB Chairman, and Shelepin himself was demoted from chairman of the Committee of Party and State Control to Trade Union",
"psg_id": "13533113"
},
{
"title": "KGB victim memorials",
"text": "KGB victim memorials Memorials to victims of the KGB have been set up in several countries that were formerly occupied by the Soviet Union, often in former KGB prisons, to document the repressions of the Soviet secret police and to commemorate its victims. Some are in the form of monuments at the location of KGB prisons or execution sites, others are museums and documentation centres. The KGB Cells Museum in Tartu is situated in the \"gray house\", which in the 1940s-1950s housed the South Estonian Centre of the NKVD/KGB. The basement floor with the cells for prisoners is open for",
"psg_id": "12869924"
},
{
"title": "KGB Security Troops",
"text": "KGB Security Troops The KGB Security Troops were the uniformed paramilitary troops of the Soviet KGB which engaged in military-related activities that are not mentioned in legislation governing the Soviet Armed forces. The KGB controlled elite units that guarded the highest party officials and stood a continuous ceremonial guard at the Lenin Mausoleum. The special KGB signal troops also operated communications linking the party with the Ministry of Defense and the major territorial commands. Another KGB armed force guarded sensitive military, scientific, and industrial installations in the Soviet Union and, until the late 1960s, controlled Soviet nuclear warhead stockpiles. They",
"psg_id": "14160437"
},
{
"title": "KGB (bar)",
"text": "KGB (bar) KGB is a Soviet-era themed bar located in the East Village of New York City at 85 E. 4th Street, New York, New York 10003. Before its present incarnation, the second-floor venue was a speakeasy for Ukrainian Socialists who met behind its double-locked doors to hide their political affiliations from the rampant McCarthyism of the era. Since opening in 1993, the KGB Bar has become something of a New York City literary institution. Popular authors read here \"pro bono\" on Sunday evenings (fiction), Monday evenings (poetry), and most Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Thursdays. KGB has been named best literary",
"psg_id": "11779687"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "KGB-FM KGB-FM (101.5 MHz, \"101-5 KGB\") is a commercial FM radio station licensed to San Diego, California. It is owned and operated by and broadcasts a classic rock music format. KGB-FM's studios are located in San Diego's Kearny Mesa neighborhood on the northeast side, and the transmitter is located in East San Diego east of Balboa Park. The station has broadcast using the HD Radio digital transmission format since 2005. The 101.5 MHz FM frequency originally signed on the air in 1950 as KSON-FM, owned by Fred Rabel. It is the second-oldest FM station in San Diego; the former KFSD-FM",
"psg_id": "5538474"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "almost breathless Sarwari was laying, they came to Tashkent on 19 September. During the continued investigation in Tashkent, the three were put under surveillance in one of the rooms for as long as four weeks where they were investigated for the reliability of their claims by the KGB. Soon after, they were satisfied with the results and sent them to Bulgaria for a secret retreat. On 9 October, the Soviet secret service had a meeting in which Bogdanov, Gorelov, Pavlonsky and Puzanov were the main chiefs who were discussing what to do with Amin who was very harsh at the",
"psg_id": "13533136"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "By 1972, Boss Radio on KGB was failing and more focus was being given to KBKB. Brown Broadcasting hired Ron Jacobs to turn around the FM station. Jacobs' first move was to restore the KGB-FM call letters and to drop Boss Radio from 1360 AM. Jacobs created San Diego's first-ever freeform progressive album-oriented rock FM superstation, further nurtured by station general manager Sonny Jim Price. Among the innovations introduced during this era of KGB-FM is the station's iconic mascot, the \"KGB Chicken\" (now known as the \"San Diego Chicken\"), a series of records called the \"Homegrown\" albums, and the \"Sky",
"psg_id": "5538476"
},
{
"title": "KGB victim memorials",
"text": "exhibition centre is being created in the former KGB prison in Potsdam. Initially used for interrogating alleged Western spies, some of whom were executed, the prison later mainly held Soviet soldiers who had been arrested for mutiny, desertion or anti-Soviet activity. KGB victim memorials Memorials to victims of the KGB have been set up in several countries that were formerly occupied by the Soviet Union, often in former KGB prisons, to document the repressions of the Soviet secret police and to commemorate its victims. Some are in the form of monuments at the location of KGB prisons or execution sites,",
"psg_id": "12869926"
},
{
"title": "KGB Security Troops",
"text": "the KGB Security Troops were similar to those worn by the armed forces of the Soviet Union but with Royal Blue piping and distinctions, and their shoulder boards were marked 'GB' (meaning \"of State Security\") that further distinguished them from other special troops, such as the Soviet Border Troops. KGB Security Troops The KGB Security Troops were the uniformed paramilitary troops of the Soviet KGB which engaged in military-related activities that are not mentioned in legislation governing the Soviet Armed forces. The KGB controlled elite units that guarded the highest party officials and stood a continuous ceremonial guard at the",
"psg_id": "14160441"
},
{
"title": "The Kalob Griffin Band (The KGB)",
"text": "EP Homey\" Award and \"Best Song Homey\" Award. Within the first couple of months of 2012, they were awarded with the Tri State Indie \"Best Philadelphia Artist\" Award. Often during shows, fans are heard chanting \"KGB, KGB\", a mantra attached to the \"KGB Family\" http://www.kalobgriffinband.com/kgbfamily/. The band credits its early success to the devotion of family, friends, and fans who packed venues and followed the band through their numerous tours. This allegiance swiftly moved their success into the Philadelphia music scene, and the band continues to operate as a large family dynamic, honoring its roots. http://www.tristateindie.com/johnny-brendas-104-the-kalob-griffin-band-driftwood-chelsea-mitchell/ The Kalob Griffin Band",
"psg_id": "15258509"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "Brent Seltzer, with Gerry Gazlay, and George Wilson. One prominent longtime fixture on KGB-FM, and on San Diego rock radio in general, is \"The DSC Show\". The morning zoo program, hosted by Dave Rickards, Shelly Dunn, and Cookie \"Chainsaw\" Randolph, debuted on KGB-FM in 1990 as \"The Dawn Patrol\". In 1994, the program moved to KIOZ (originally at 102.1 FM, now at 105.3), where it was renamed \"The Dave, Shelly and Chainsaw Show\" and aired for three years. Upon returning to KGB-FM in 1997, the show's name was shortened to \"The DSC\". From August 2, 2010 to July 19, 2018,",
"psg_id": "5538478"
},
{
"title": "KGB (bar)",
"text": "venue in New York City by \"New York\" magazine, \"The Village Voice\", and others. The bar hosts several regular reading series which include: KGB (bar) KGB is a Soviet-era themed bar located in the East Village of New York City at 85 E. 4th Street, New York, New York 10003. Before its present incarnation, the second-floor venue was a speakeasy for Ukrainian Socialists who met behind its double-locked doors to hide their political affiliations from the rampant McCarthyism of the era. Since opening in 1993, the KGB Bar has become something of a New York City literary institution. Popular authors",
"psg_id": "11779688"
},
{
"title": "Fedora (KGB agent)",
"text": "interview that not only was Kulak an authentic source, but the KGB did indeed have a mole operating in the FBI at the height of the Cold War. Kalugin said that many in the KGB suspected Kulak of working for the Americans, but his status as a war hero, and recipient of the Hero of the USSR award, protected him. Fedora (KGB agent) Fedora was the codename for Aleksy Isidorovich Kulak (1923–1983), a KGB-agent who infiltrated the United Nations during the Cold War. While working in New York, Kulak contacted the FBI and offered his services. Kulak told his American",
"psg_id": "12165107"
},
{
"title": "KGB (video game)",
"text": "KGB (video game) KGB is a video game released for the Commodore Amiga and IBM PC Compatible computers in 1992. Set in the decadent final days of the Soviet Union, \"KGB\" is considered to be quite difficult, even for experienced gamers, since it relies on a real time clock and correct/wrong answers which can end the game immediately or after an event needed to be triggered; also, players may make errors which they will notice only hours later in-game. The game engine, graphics and interface have plenty of similarities with Cryo's \"Dune\". \"KGB\" was also released on CD under the",
"psg_id": "3056904"
},
{
"title": "KGB prison cells",
"text": "History confirms that it was a failed attempt. Now, the building is once again used for its original intended purpose – as a residential building. The KGB Prison Cell exhibition ‘History of the KGB House’ speaks primarily of the crimes committed there. But just before entering the building, it is well worth taking a glance at the beautiful facade of one of the most elaborate Art Nouveau buildings in Tallinn and pondering the strangeness of history. KGB prison cells The former KGB prison cells at Pagari 1, Tallinn were opened for visitors in 2017 July. The cells are administrated by",
"psg_id": "20972966"
},
{
"title": "Operation Toucan (KGB)",
"text": "As part of operation TOUCAN, the KGB also forged a letter tying the CIA to an assassination campaign by Chile’s DINA and many journalists, including columnist Jack Anderson of the New York Times, used this information in their news stories as evidence of the CIA’s involvement in the more nefarious parts of Operation Condor. Operation Toucan (KGB) Operation TOUCAN was a KGB/DGI public relations and disinformation campaign directed at the military government of Chile led by Augusto Pinochet. According to former KGB officer Vasili Mitrokhin, the plot was originally conceived by Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov. The plot's twofold task was to",
"psg_id": "7369424"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "also introduced the use of Rock and Roll music, multimedia, video, theatrical lighting and effects to enhance the fireworks display. According to its creator Rick Leibert, Sky Show is \"continuing experiment blending the ancient art of fireworks with rock and roll\". The creative team for Sky Show has been collaborating for more than 20 years. Blair Schultze has been Writer/Producer/Director of the KGB Sky Show since 1988, and Ron Dixon has been Fireworks coordinator since 1979 and choreographer since 1990. KGB-FM has garnered several honors throughout its existence. \"Billboard\" magazine named KGB-FM its \"Station of the Year\" in 1974, and",
"psg_id": "5538485"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "his regime of having ties with the United States. In August 1979, the KGB accused some officers who were arrested in Dhaka in an overthrow attempt, and by October, Andropov approved the fabrication of a letter in which he stated that Muhammad Ghulam Tawab, an Air Vice-Marshal at the time, was the main plotter, which led the Bangladesh, Indian and Sri Lankan press to believe that he was an American spy. Under Andropov's command, Service A, a KGB division, falsified the information in a letter to Moudud Ahmed in which it said that he was supported by the American government",
"psg_id": "13533129"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "Interior building, the Internal Security (KHAD) building, and the General Staff building (Darul Aman Palace). Out of the 54 KGB operators that assaulted the palace, 5 were killed in action, including Colonel Grigori Boyarinov, and 32 were wounded. Alpha Group veterans call this operation one of the most successful in the group's history. In June 1981, there were 370 members in the Afghan-controlled KGB intelligence service throughout the nation which were under the command of Ahmad Shah Paiya and had received all the training they need in the Soviet Union. By May 1982 the Ministry of Internal Affairs was set",
"psg_id": "13533139"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "Gen. Wojciech Jaruzelski and the Polish Communist Party; however, the vacillating, conciliatory Polish approach blunted KGB effectiveness—and Solidarity then fatally weakened the Communist Polish government in 1989. During the Cold War, the KGB actively sought to combat \"ideological subversion\" – anti-communist political and religious ideas and the dissidents who promoted them – which was generally dealt with as a matter of national security in discouraging influence of hostile foreign powers. After denouncing Stalinism in his secret speech On the Personality Cult and its Consequences in 1956, head of state Nikita Khrushchev lessened suppression of \"ideological subversion\". As a result, critical",
"psg_id": "13533122"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation. After breaking away from Georgia in the early 1990s with Russian help, the self-proclaimed Republic of South Ossetia established its own KGB (keeping this unreformed name). A \"Time\" magazine article in 1983 reported that the KGB was the world's most effective information-gathering organization. It operated legal and illegal espionage residencies in target countries where a \"legal resident\" gathered intelligence while based at the Soviet embassy or consulate, and, if caught, was protected from prosecution by diplomatic immunity. At best, the compromised spy was either returned to the Soviet Union or was declared",
"psg_id": "13533110"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "meeting. After the two-hour meeting they began to worry that Amin will establish an Islamic Republic in Afghanistan and decided to seek a way to put Karmal back in. They brought him and three other ministers secretly to Moscow during which time they discussed how to put him back in power. The decision was to fly him back to Bagram airbase by 13 December. Four days later, Amin's nephew, Asadullah, was taken to Moscow by the KGB for acute food poisoning treatment. On 19 November 1979, the KGB had a meeting on which they discussed Operation Cascade, which was launched",
"psg_id": "13533137"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "and by 1981 even sent a letter accusing the Reagan administration of plotting to overthrow President Zia and his regime. The letter also mentioned that after Mujib was assassinated the United States contacted Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad to replace him as a short-term President. When the election happened in the end of 1979, the KGB made sure that the Bangladesh Nationalist Party would win. The party received 207 out of 300 seats, but the Zia regime did not last long, falling on 29 May 1981 when after numerous escapes, Zia was assassinated in Chittagong. The KGB started infiltrating Afghanistan as early",
"psg_id": "13533130"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "election to power. On the same day the KGB decided to imprison Sayed Gulabzoy as well as Muhammad Watanjar and Asadullah Sarwari but while in captivity and under an investigation all three denied the allegation that the current Minister of Defence was an American secret agent. The denial of claims was passed on to Yuri Andropov and Leonid Brezhnev, who as the main chiefs of the KGB proposed operation Raduga to save the life of Gulabzoy and Watanjar and send them to Tashkent from Bagram airbase by giving them fake passports. With that and a sealed container in which an",
"psg_id": "13533135"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "moles in two key places—the counter-intelligence section of CIA and the FBI's counter-intelligence department—through whom they would know of, and control, US counter-espionage to protect the moles and hamper the detection and capture of other Communist spies. Moreover, KGB counter-intelligence vetted foreign intelligence sources, so that the moles might \"officially\" approve an anti-CIA double agent as trustworthy. In retrospect, the captures of the moles Aldrich Ames and Robert Hanssen proved that Angleton, though ignored as over-aggressive, was correct, despite the fact that it cost him his job at CIA, which he left in 1975. In the mid-1970s, the KGB tried",
"psg_id": "13533126"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "as Western tourists. They were to gain the trust of and spy upon the most outspoken proponents of Alexander Dubček's new government. They were to plant subversive evidence, justifying the USSR's invasion, that right-wing groups—aided by Western intelligence agencies—were going to depose the Communist government of Czechoslovakia. Finally, the KGB prepared hardline, pro-USSR members of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (CPC), such as Alois Indra and Vasiľ Škultéty, to assume power after the Red Army's invasion. The KGB's Czech success in the 1960s was matched with the failed suppression of the Solidarity labour movement in 1980s Poland. The KGB had",
"psg_id": "13533120"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "forecast political instability consequent to the election of Archbishop of Kraków Karol Wojtyla as the first Polish Pope, John Paul II, whom they had categorised as \"subversive\" because of his anti-Communist sermons against the one-party PUWP régime. Despite its accurate forecast of crisis, the Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP) hindered the KGB's destroying the nascent Solidarity-backed political movement, fearing explosive civil violence if they imposed the KGB-recommended martial law. Aided by their Polish counterpart, the Służba Bezpieczeństwa (SB), the KGB successfully infiltrated spies to Solidarity and the Catholic Church, and in Operation X co-ordinated the declaration of martial law with",
"psg_id": "13533121"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "\"persona non grata\" and expelled by the government of the target country. The \"illegal resident\" spied, unprotected by diplomatic immunity, and worked independently of Soviet diplomatic and trade missions, (\"cf.\" the non-official cover CIA officer). In its early history, the KGB valued illegal spies more than legal spies, because illegal spies infiltrated their targets with greater ease. The KGB residency executed four types of espionage: (i) political, (ii) economic, (iii) military-strategic, and (iv) disinformation, effected with \"active measures\" (PR Line), counter-intelligence and security (KR Line), and scientific–technological intelligence (X Line); quotidian duties included SIGINT (RP Line) and illegal support (N",
"psg_id": "13533111"
},
{
"title": "The Kalob Griffin Band (The KGB)",
"text": "The Kalob Griffin Band (The KGB) The Kalob Griffin Band (The KGB) is a Philadelphia based five-piece Americana rock band that formed in 2009, most commonly known for their impromptu shows and the allegiance of their community driven fanbase. The Kalob Griffin Band began when frontman, Kalob Griffin met, current lead guitarist/mandolin/banjoist, Rob Dwyer at a house party where the two attended Penn State University Pennsylvania State University together in 2009. The two linked with other college friends, and went on to perform to packed venues all over State College, PA. The success inspired Griffin and Dwyer to continue a",
"psg_id": "15258505"
},
{
"title": "KGB Prison, Potsdam",
"text": "KGB Prison, Potsdam The KGB Prison at \"Leistikowstraße 1\" in the German city of Potsdam was a detention centre run by the Soviet counter-intelligence organisation, SMERSH. The building was originally built in 1916–18 by the Evangelical Ecclesiastical Benevolent Society (\"Evangelisch Kirchlichen Hilfsverein\") or EKH. After the Potsdam Conference in August 1945 about 100 houses in the \"Nauener Vorstadt\" quarter, which bordered on the New Garden, were cordoned off and renamed as Military Camp No. 7 (\"Militärstädtchen No.7\"). In this area were located the command centre of the KGB for Germany, which was housed in the former boarding school attended by",
"psg_id": "16306921"
},
{
"title": "KGB victim memorials",
"text": "visitors. Part of the cells, lock-ups and the corridor in the basement have been restored. The Museum of Genocide Victims was set up in Vilnius on 14 October 1992 in the former KGB headquarters (which had been used by the Gestapo during the Nazi occupation). The building also houses the Lithuanian Special Archive, where documents of the former KGB archive are kept. \"The Black Door\", a memorial at the former KGB building on Stabu Street in Rīga, was unveiled in 2003. The memorial, designed by artist Glebs Pantelejevs, is a half-open steel door and a commemorative plaque. A memorial and",
"psg_id": "12869925"
},
{
"title": "KGB (video game)",
"text": "attention to detail than offered by most of the latest graphic adventures\". In April 1994 the magazine said of the CD remake, \"Conspiracy\", that although Donald Sutherland's acting was \"first-rate\" the addition of his scenes to the original game was \"a bit strained\", concluding that \"The novelty of seeing a Big Screen actor in an adventure game is about the only thing going for it\". KGB (video game) KGB is a video game released for the Commodore Amiga and IBM PC Compatible computers in 1992. Set in the decadent final days of the Soviet Union, \"KGB\" is considered to be",
"psg_id": "3056909"
},
{
"title": "Fedora (KGB agent)",
"text": "Additionally, Kulak told the FBI that the KGB's mole in the agency had given the Soviets codes the Americans used in their counter-intelligence work, which would have been a major coup and a closely guarded secret for the Soviets, and which appears to have been true. One argument made for Kulak possibly being a KGB double-agent falsely feeding information to the FBI is that when he returned to Moscow, he suffered no consequences, unlike Dmitri Polyakov who was executed when his work with the FBI was discovered by the KGB. In 1995, former KGB general Oleg Kalugin said in an",
"psg_id": "12165106"
},
{
"title": "Active reserve (KGB)",
"text": "Active reserve (KGB) The active reserve of the KGB are members of the organization who work undercover \"either pretending to assume various jobs or using as cover professions in which they are actually trained\". Active reserve KGB officers typically occupied such positions as deputy directors of scientific research or deans responsible for foreign relations in academic institutions of the Soviet Union, although these people were not scientists. Other officers were trained for certain civilian jobs, usually translators, journalists, telephone engineers, or doormen in hotels that served foreigners. The active reserve was significantly expanded in Post-Soviet Russia, when a majority of",
"psg_id": "12597701"
},
{
"title": "Operation Toucan (KGB)",
"text": "Operation Toucan (KGB) Operation TOUCAN was a KGB/DGI public relations and disinformation campaign directed at the military government of Chile led by Augusto Pinochet. According to former KGB officer Vasili Mitrokhin, the plot was originally conceived by Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov. The plot's twofold task was to organize sympathetic human rights activists to pressure the United Nations and generate negative press for the Pinochet regime. In 1976, the start of TOUCAN, the New York Times published 66 articles on Chile’s human rights record and four on Cambodia’s Khmer Rouge and only 3 such articles on the human rights situation in Cuba.",
"psg_id": "7369423"
},
{
"title": "Active reserve (KGB)",
"text": "positions in the Russian power elite were occupied by acting or undercover officers of the Russian state security services, such as the FSB and SVR, the official successors of the KGB. \"The only difference between them [officers of active reserve] and regular civil-servants is that they have an extra duty: writing reports every month for the FSB. They are the eyes of the master”, said sociologist Olga Krychtanovskaia. Undercover staff of the KGB included three major categories: (a) the active reserve; (b) the \"trusted contacts\" (or \"reliable people\"), and (c) \"civilian informers\" (or \"secret helpers\"). The \"active reserve\" included KGB",
"psg_id": "12597702"
},
{
"title": "Fedora (KGB agent)",
"text": "Fedora (KGB agent) Fedora was the codename for Aleksy Isidorovich Kulak (1923–1983), a KGB-agent who infiltrated the United Nations during the Cold War. While working in New York, Kulak contacted the FBI and offered his services. Kulak told his American handlers there was a KGB mole working at the FBI, leading to a decades-long mole hunt that seriously disrupted the agency. It's not clear whether Kulak was acting as a double agent supplying false information or whether his information was legitimate. Kulak was a Soviet war hero, who prior to his work with the Americans was awarded Hero of the",
"psg_id": "12165098"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "and Soviet Disinformation\" received both a negative and a positive review in the \"International Journal of Intelligence and CounterIntelligence\", with Phillips writing \"Chez Espionage regulars consider\" the book \"an excellent study\", referring to its author as \"the top authority on disinformation in the U.S.\". The other reviewer, Peter C. Unsinger, wrote \"At times his examination is superficial, and for depth into some specific events, the reader will have to look at Bittman's earlier work\". The book was reviewed by Cesare Marongiu Buonaiuti in the Italian language journal \"Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali\". The KGB and Soviet Disinformation The KGB and",
"psg_id": "20186052"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation The KGB and Soviet Disinformation: An Insider's View is a non-fiction book about the KGB's use of disinformation and information warfare during the Soviet Union period. It was written by former intelligence officer specializing in disinformation for the Czech Intelligence Service and retired professor of disinformation at Boston University, Ladislav Bittman (now known as Lawrence Martin-Bittman). Under the direction of the Soviet secret police, Bittman was deputy chief of the disinformation division for Czech intelligence called the Department for Active Measures and Disinformation. In the book, he warns how disinformation can lead to blowback, causing",
"psg_id": "20186041"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "foreword by Roy Godson. A Spanish language edition was released in 1987 by Editorial Juventud. Seth Arenstein analyzed the book for \"SAIS Review\" and wrote that \"Bittman's treatment of disinformation, particularly his meticulous research, makes \"The KGB and Soviet Disinformation\" fascinating reading\". John C. Campbell reviewed the book for the journal \"Foreign Affairs\" and gave a mixed review, \"Going well beyond the author's personal experience–he left Czechoslovakia in 1968–the book ranges over the entire field ... with many illustrative cases and items of interest, but also with a tendency to write the KGB's role as larger than life\". \"The KGB",
"psg_id": "20186051"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "operations led to blowback and unintended consequences from intelligence agency actions, which were harmful to the Soviet Union. Bittman argues such disinformation tactics had the cumulative effect of negative political consequences to the Soviet Union, because its subterfuge campaigns injected false information into society. The author recalls a StB operation which began in 1964 with the assistance of the KGB, whose goal was to inflame public opinion within Indonesia and increase negative perceptions towards the U.S. The operation targeted an Ambassador from Indonesia through a honeypot espionage ploy, tempting him with attractive women. The KGB and StB agents were able",
"psg_id": "20186047"
},
{
"title": "Fedora (KGB agent)",
"text": "to halt contacts with undercover spies, out of fear the station had been compromised. Despite Kulak's attempts to signal for a meeting a second time, contact was never made and his offer of more material was never taken up. A book by author Edward Jay Epstein published in 1978 described Fedora in enough detail to make it likely that the KGB was able to identify Kulak as the source. With his cover probably blown, the CIA offered to exfiltrate Kulak, devising an elaborate ruse to carry out what would have been a first-of-its-kind operation to pull a spy out of",
"psg_id": "12165103"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "two additional \"Homegrown\" albums: \"Homegrown's Greatest Hits\" (1978) with favorite selections from previous albums, and \"Homegrown Songs for '84\" with additional songs by San Diego artists about the area. In 1976, singer Stephen Bishop submitted his song \"On and On\", but it was rejected because he submitted it on cassette tape instead of the required reel-to-reel format. The song went on to become a commercial hit. In 1976, KGB-FM launched the annual \"KGB Sky Show\" and it has been held continuously ever since. (\"Sky Show 40\" was held on September 5, 2015.) The \"Sky Show\" is a fireworks display, synchronized",
"psg_id": "5538483"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "to a music soundtrack, broadcast on the radio. This artform was invented by KGB and is now practiced worldwide. The first Sky Show was fired from two locations, Fiesta Island and Chollas Lake. It created traffic jams all over the city as people watched and listened. The firing site was moved to San Diego (Jack Murphy)(Qualcomm) Stadium for reasons of crowd control. The show has become a very well attended annual event with fans viewing from both inside the stadium and outside, tailgating in the parking lot or from vantage points along Mission Valley's canyon rim. The KGB Sky Show",
"psg_id": "5538484"
},
{
"title": "What Would You Do? (1991 TV program)",
"text": "stage to hand Summers props and supply primate-related jokes through voiceover acting. Reruns aired on Nickelodeon until February 28, 1999, and on Nick GAS from 1999–2004. After cancellation, Nickelodeon decided to go back and redub the ending theme on most of the 1991 episodes with the 1993 one, and add parting gift prizes that never existed before. Only a handful of 1991 episodes retained the original ending theme. What Would You Do? (1991 TV program) What Would You Do? is a 30-minute television show hosted by Marc Summers shown on Nickelodeon from 1991 to 1993. Robin Marrella acted as the",
"psg_id": "3301021"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "Show\", a fireworks display set to rock music. KGB-FM has hosted many of San Diego's most prominent radio and television personalities. Such hosts include Lawrence \"Larry The Cruiser\" Himmel, Bob \"B.C.\" Coburn, Dave Benson, Damian Bragdon, Gabriel Wisdom, Erik Thompson, Jim McInnes, Ricky Leibert, Patrick Martin, Larry Bruce, Bill Hergonson, Ernesto Gladden, Ted Edwards, Linda McInnes, Digby Welch, Kevin McKeown, Pamela Edwards, Brian Schock, Susan Hemphill, Johnny Leslie, Andrew \"Long Tall Andy\" Geller, Blair and Kymythy Schultz, Philip Hendrie, Jeffrey Prescott, Michael Berger, Sue Delaney, Coe Lewis, Ted \"The Chicken\" Giannoulas, and Mojo Nixon. KGB-FM news anchors include Bradley Messer,",
"psg_id": "5538477"
},
{
"title": "The Inner Circle (1991 film)",
"text": "affection. Ivan offers help, but she says she wants to go her own way. Then Stalin dies and Ivan, on duty to control the crowds waiting to view the corpse, sees Katya being jostled in the crush. He rushes in to rescue her and, this time, she is ready to accept his protection. An academic response from Dr Milena Michalski was unenthusiastic, seeing the film as: The Inner Circle (1991 film) The Inner Circle is a 1991 drama film by Russian director Andrei Konchalovsky, telling the story of Joseph Stalin's private projectionist and KGB officer Ivan Sanchin between 1939 and",
"psg_id": "7502912"
},
{
"title": "The Inner Circle (1991 film)",
"text": "The Inner Circle (1991 film) The Inner Circle is a 1991 drama film by Russian director Andrei Konchalovsky, telling the story of Joseph Stalin's private projectionist and KGB officer Ivan Sanchin between 1939 and 1953, Stalin's year of death. Sanchin is played by Tom Hulce, and the film co-stars Lolita Davidovitch and Bob Hoskins. The film is based on a true story and is an American, Italian and Russian production. It is in English and has a running time of 137 minutes. \"The Inner Circle\" was nominated for awards at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival and the 1993 Nika",
"psg_id": "7502909"
},
{
"title": "Active reserve (KGB)",
"text": "answer them\", said a Russian banker . A current FSB colonel explained that \"We must make sure that companies don't make decisions that are not in the interest of the state\" . Olga Kryshtanovskaya, director of the Moscow-based Center for the Study of Elites, has found in the beginning of the 2000s (decade) that up to 78% of 1,016 leading political figures in post-Soviet Russia have served previously in organizations affiliated with the KGB or FSB. She said: \"If in the Soviet period and the first post-Soviet period, the KGB and FSB people were mainly involved in security issues, now",
"psg_id": "12597705"
},
{
"title": "Active reserve (KGB)",
"text": "officers with a military rank who worked undercover in the Soviet Union. \"Trusted contacts\" were high placed civilians who collaborated with the KGB without signing any official working agreements, such as directors of personnel departments at various institutions, academics, deans, or writers and actors. Informers were citizens secretly recruited by the KGB, sometimes using forceful recruitment methods, such as blackmail. The precise number of people from various categories remains unknown, but one of the estimates was 11 million \"informers\" in the Soviet Union, or one out of every eighteen adult citizens The active reserve was established by Yuri Andropov in",
"psg_id": "12597703"
},
{
"title": "KGB Security Troops",
"text": "which monitored/managed national, foreign, and overseas communications, cryptologic equipment, and research and development, and possibly the Sixteenth Directorate (SIGINT and communications interception) which operated the national and government telephone and telegraph systems. Such troops were reportedly employed, along with the MVD's Internal Troops, to suppress public protests and disperse demonstrations, such as that of the Crimean Tatars in July 1987 and those in the republics of Armenia and Azerbaijan in March 1988. Special KGB troops also were trained for sabotage and diversionary missions abroad. Other special KGB troops were intended for counterterrorist and counterinsurgency operations. The uniforms and insignia of",
"psg_id": "14160440"
},
{
"title": "KGB Prison, Potsdam",
"text": "camps of the Soviet Gulag system. At the end of the 1980s the building acted as a storehouse. With the withdrawal of the Red Army from Germany it was returned in 1994 to the Evangelical Ecclesiastical Benevolent Society again. After restoration in 2007/2008 a memorial site was opened on 29 March 2009, which is open to visitors. A permanent exhibition on the history of the detention prison is currently being worked on. The state of Brandenburg, the Federal Republic of Germany and private donors have put up 2.2 million euros for the memorial site. KGB Prison, Potsdam The KGB Prison",
"psg_id": "16306923"
},
{
"title": "KGB Security Troops",
"text": "in the Kremlin and key government-party buildings and officials at the republic and regional levels, counter-insurgency and counter-terrorist operations, and direct action in foreign countries. Such troops were presumably under the Ninth Directorate of the KGB. The Security Troops also included several units of signal troops, which were reportedly responsible for installation, maintenance, and operation of secret communications facilities for leading party and government bodies, including the Ministry of Defense. These troops were probably under the command of the Eighth Chief Directorate. The security were controlled by the Ninth Chief Directorate (Guards and KGB Protection Service), the Eighth Chief Directorate",
"psg_id": "14160439"
},
{
"title": "Fedora (KGB agent)",
"text": "Moscow, but when Kulak was finally contacted, he politely thanked the CIA for its offer, but declined saying he was not concerned for his safety. Kulak died, apparently of natural causes, in Russia in 1983. Due to the enormous amount of distrust and tumult within the ranks of the FBI inspired by Kulak's claims that a KGB mole was operating at the agency, questions have been raised about whether Kulak was an authentic source of information, or whether he was under the control of the KGB, deliberately feeding false information to the FBI. During his years of service, Kulak was",
"psg_id": "12165104"
},
{
"title": "Fedora (KGB agent)",
"text": "fact do, as the agency spent significant resources investigating its own agents. In 1963, Kulak switched his KGB cover to science attaché at the Soviet Embassy, and continued working there until 1967, when he returned to Moscow. In 1971, Kulak returned to New York for a second tour of duty which lasted until 1976. Although he had been considered a reliable source, by the end of his second tour, the FBI was beginning to suspect Kulak was secretly controlled by the KGB and was feeding false information to the Americans. Still, before he left New York City, he was recruited",
"psg_id": "12165101"
},
{
"title": "What Would You Do? (1991 TV program)",
"text": "What Would You Do? (1991 TV program) What Would You Do? is a 30-minute television show hosted by Marc Summers shown on Nickelodeon from 1991 to 1993. Robin Marrella acted as the on-camera stagehand for the show's first season. Both Summers and Marrella performed their respective duties on \"Double Dare\", also on Nickelodeon. The show was produced in Nickelodeon Studios at Universal Studios in Florida; some early segments were produced at Universal Studios in Hollywood. During each show, the audience viewed a previously taped segment or stock film featuring children or families or others put in unusual situations. The tape",
"psg_id": "3300990"
},
{
"title": "1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt",
"text": "of the republics expressed the desire to retain the renewed Soviet Union. Following negotiations, eight of the nine republics (except Ukraine) approved the New Union Treaty with some conditions. The treaty would make the Soviet Union a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy, and military. Russia, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan were to sign the Treaty in Moscow on 20 August 1991. On 11 December 1990, KGB Chairman Vladimir Kryuchkov, made a \"call for order\" over Central television in Moscow. That day, he asked two KGB officers to prepare a plan of measures that could be taken in",
"psg_id": "3303991"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "to secretly buy three banks in northern California to gain access to high-technology secrets. Their efforts were thwarted by the CIA. The banks were Peninsula National Bank in Burlingame, the First National Bank of Fresno, and the Tahoe National Bank in South Lake Tahoe. These banks had made numerous loans to advanced technology companies and had many of their officers and directors as clients. The KGB used the Moscow Narodny Bank Limited to finance the acquisition, and an intermediary, Singaporean businessman Amos Dawe, as the frontman. On 2 February 1973, the Politburo, which was led by Yuri Andropov at the",
"psg_id": "13533127"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "earlier that year. The operation carried out bombings with the help of GRU and FCD. On 27 December, the centre received news of the Darul Aman Palace, that KGB Special Forces Alpha and Zenith Group, supported by the 154th OSN GRU, also known as \"Muslim battalion\" and paratroopers from the 345th Guards Airborne Regiment stormed the Tajbeg Palace in Afghanistan and killed Afghan President Hafizullah Amin and his 100–150 personal guards. His 11-year-old son died due to shrapnel wounds. The Soviets installed Babrak Karmal as Amin's successor. Several other government buildings were seized during the operation, including the Ministry of",
"psg_id": "13533138"
},
{
"title": "1991 Vadim Bakatin presidential campaign",
"text": "1991 Vadim Bakatin presidential campaign The 1991 presidential campaign of Vadim Bakatin was the candidacy of KGB Chairman Vadim Bakatin in the 1991 Russian presidential election. Bakatin's running mate was Ramazan Abdulatipov. Bakatin ultimately placed last in the election out of six candidates, receiving 2,719,757 votes (3.5% of the votes cast). Bakatin had previously been put forth as a candidate for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's nomination for the 1990 Soviet Union presidential election. However, he decided not to compete. It had been rumored in late-April 1991 that Bakatin was going to be selected as the Communist Party",
"psg_id": "20899199"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "spy ring. In 1944, the New York City residency infiltrated top secret Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico by recruiting Theodore Hall, a 19-year-old Harvard physicist. The KGB failed to rebuild most of its US illegal resident networks. The aftermath of the Second Red Scare (1947–57) and the crisis in the CPUSA hampered recruitment. The last major illegal resident, Rudolf Abel (Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher/\"Willie\" Vilyam Fisher), was betrayed by his assistant, Reino Häyhänen, in 1957. Recruitment then emphasised mercenary agents, an approach especially successful in scientific and technical espionage, since private industry practised lax internal security, unlike the US",
"psg_id": "13533117"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "as 27 April 1978. During that time, the Afghan Communist Party was planning the overthrow of the imperially appointed Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan. Under the leadership of Major General Sayed Mohammad Gulabzoy and Muhammad Raficode named Mammad and Niruz respectivelythe Soviet secret service learned of the imminent uprising. Two days after, the uprising, Nur Muhammad Taraki, leader of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, issued a notice of concern to the Soviet ambassador Alexander Puzanov and the resident of Kabul-based KGB embassy Viliov Osadchy that they could have staged a coup three days earlier hence the warning. On that,",
"psg_id": "13533131"
},
{
"title": "KGB",
"text": "Line). The KGB classified its spies as \"agents\" (intelligence providers) and \"controllers\" (intelligence relayers). The false-identity or \"legend\" assumed by a USSR-born illegal spy was elaborate, using the life of either a \"live double\" (participant to the fabrications) or a \"dead double\" (whose identity is tailored to the spy). The agent then substantiated his or her \"legend\" by living it in a foreign country, before emigrating to the target country, thus the sending of US-bound illegal residents via the Soviet embassy in Ottawa, Canada. Tradecraft included stealing and photographing documents, code-names, contacts, targets, and dead letter boxes, and working as",
"psg_id": "13533112"
},
{
"title": "1991 Vadim Bakatin presidential campaign",
"text": "like 'private property.'\" He derided Gorbachev's foreign economic policy as a, \"humiliating search for whoever will give us loans.\" 1991 Vadim Bakatin presidential campaign The 1991 presidential campaign of Vadim Bakatin was the candidacy of KGB Chairman Vadim Bakatin in the 1991 Russian presidential election. Bakatin's running mate was Ramazan Abdulatipov. Bakatin ultimately placed last in the election out of six candidates, receiving 2,719,757 votes (3.5% of the votes cast). Bakatin had previously been put forth as a candidate for the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's nomination for the 1990 Soviet Union presidential election. However, he decided not to",
"psg_id": "20899205"
},
{
"title": "The Kalob Griffin Band (The KGB)",
"text": "full-time career as musicians post college, and after many band transformations, the \"KGB\" secured its lineup in 2011. The current folk rock quintet includes: Eric Lawry on drums/backup vocals, John Hildenbrand on keys/backup vocals, and Jonathan Colvson on electric bass. Their early success started with several local shows and a live session on a classic rock show at Penn State’s student-run radio station, WKPS. The band landed a weekly gig at State College’s Café 210 West, opened up for Matt Pond PA, embarked on two national tours as the supporting band for emerging British singer/songwriterBobby Long (ATO Records), released a",
"psg_id": "15258506"
},
{
"title": "Leonid Shebarshin",
"text": "of the KGB in Moscow and Moscow region, Lieutenant-General V. Prilukovym establish AO Russia national office of economic security.\" LV Shebarshin awarded the Order of the Red Banner (1981), Red Star (1970), the medal \"For Military Merit\" (1967), an \"honorary member of the State Security\" (1972). His name is immortalized in the museum's Foreign Intelligence Service. When KGB Chief Kryuchkov was arrested following the unsuccessful August 1991 coup against Mikhail Gorbachev, Shebarshin became head of the KGB for two days. He was replaced by Vadim Bakatin, whose job was essentially to dismantle the KGB. Shebarshin returned to his post as",
"psg_id": "7061764"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "would support Russian interests in the United Nations. The author details fruitful efforts of the KGB to stop the building of an aerospace facility in West Germany, after Soviet intelligence fomented false notions that the building was part of a Central Intelligence Agency plot to turn Germany into a nuclear-capable country. He describes a failed attempt by the Soviet intelligence services to make Dan Rather, then a newsman with CBS News, appear guilty with killing citizens in Afghanistan. The book was first published in 1983 by Pergamon-Brassey's and another edition was released in 1985 by the same publisher, with a",
"psg_id": "20186050"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "department of communication at Boston University (BU) and began to use the name Lawrence Martin. While there, Bittman taught journalism with a focus on disinformation at BU and founded the Program for the Study of Disinformation, the first academic center in the U.S. to focus on the study of disinformation. Prior to the publication of \"The KGB and Soviet Disinformation\", Bittman had written a book on the history of disinformation in Soviet covert operations, \"The Deception Game: Czechoslovak Intelligence in Soviet Political Warfare\" (1972). Bittman recounts his time as a Czech State Security (StB) expert at misleading individuals. He describes",
"psg_id": "20186045"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "unintended consequences from intelligence agency actions, which were harmful to the Soviet Union. The book includes case studies of joint disinformation campaigns by the Soviet Union and Czech intelligence and their repercussions, including a successful operation to stop the building of an aerospace center in West Germany and a failed plot to accuse CBS News anchor Dan Rather of murder in Afghanistan. The book received a positive reception from \"SAIS Review\", where it was called \"fascinating reading\". \"Foreign Affairs\" gave a mixed review saying the author exaggerated the role of the KGB. One review in the \"International Journal of Intelligence",
"psg_id": "20186042"
},
{
"title": "The KGB and Soviet Disinformation",
"text": "to turn the Indonesian Ambassador to their interests and through him they passed along to President of Indonesia Sukarno fabricated analyses and false documents, alleging the Central Intelligence Agency was planning to harm him. In particular, a specific false report stated a fictitious strategy supposedly planned by the United Kingdom jointly with the U.S., to invade Indonesia through Malaysia. Another such forgery claimed that the CIA plotted a covert assassination attempt on the Indonesian president. The KGB and StB ruse succeeded in causing paranoia and the Indonesia president began to make public statements highly critical of the U.S. Reporters within",
"psg_id": "20186048"
},
{
"title": "Grace, Replaced",
"text": "Grace, Replaced \"Grace, Replaced\" is the eighteenth episode of the first season of the American television series \"Will & Grace\". It was written by Katie Palmer and directed by series producer James Burrows. The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in the United States on April 8, 1999. Actors Molly Shannon, Leigh-Allyn Baker, and Tom Gallop guest starred on \"Grace, Replaced\". In the episode, Grace's (Debra Messing) job forces her to work overtime, which leads to Will (Eric McCormack) feeling neglected. As a result, he seeks solace in the company of a new neighbor, Val (Shannon). Meanwhile,",
"psg_id": "5285614"
},
{
"title": "1991 protests in Belgrade",
"text": "protests persisted and after four days of mostly peaceful demonstration (there were further skirmishes with police on March 11), they achieved their aims: Drašković and Marjanović were freed and Mitević and Bogdanović were replaced. The demonstrations ended after March 14. 1991 protests in Belgrade The 1991 protests in Belgrade happened on the streets of Belgrade, the capital of Serbia and Yugoslavia when a protest rally turned into a riot featuring vicious clashes between the protesters and police. The initial mass rally that took place on March 9, 1991 was organized by Vuk Drašković's Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), an opposition political",
"psg_id": "7324286"
},
{
"title": "Grace, Replaced",
"text": "that Shannon's appearance on the show would make \"a good introduction for viewers curious about \"Will & Grace\".\" \"The Boston Globe\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Matthew Gilbert enjoyed the actress in \"Grace, Replaced\", writing that she is appealing as the Grace replacement. Grace, Replaced \"Grace, Replaced\" is the eighteenth episode of the first season of the American television series \"Will & Grace\". It was written by Katie Palmer and directed by series producer James Burrows. The episode originally aired on the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in the United States on April 8, 1999. Actors Molly Shannon, Leigh-Allyn Baker, and Tom Gallop guest starred on",
"psg_id": "5285625"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "at the San Diego Wild Animal Park. The KGB-FM 101 Chicken whose wacky but fun antics entertained steadily larger crowds, moved on to features at concerts and sporting events, including appearances at more than 520 consecutive San Diego Padres baseball games. Conflict emerged however between the station and Ted and he was dismissed in 1977. Another unnamed employee was hired to take his place, which triggered a lawsuit by Ted. After a court found in his favor in June 1979, Ted was allowed to continue to perform in a chicken costume but though not the same one as the original",
"psg_id": "5538480"
},
{
"title": "KGB-FM",
"text": "the station. The songwriting contest is the brainchild of KGB-FM program director Ron Jacobs, who first held such an event at KHJ (AM) in Los Angeles. The \"Homegrown\" album series was introduced in response to the cancellation of the popular \"Charity Ball\" event at San Diego Stadium (now Qualcomm Stadium), a venue for which the station was not granted usage in 1973 after holding it the previous year. Proceeds from sale of the albums were donated to local charities. The contest ran through 1978, yielding seven albums named \"Homegrown\" through \"Homegrown VII\" with copyrights from 1973 to 1979. There were",
"psg_id": "5538482"
},
{
"title": "1991–92 in English football",
"text": "season when they are beaten 1–0 at Selhurst Park by Crystal Palace. 3 October 1991 - John McGrath, the former Preston North End manager, becomes Halifax Town's 23rd manager in 45 years as successor to Jim McCalliog. 4 October 1991 – Liverpool sign 19-year-old Welsh-born right back Rob Jones from Fourth Division Crewe Alexandra for £300,000. 5 October 1991 – Leeds United get their title challenge back on track with a 4–3 home win over struggling Sheffield United. Steve Hodge and Mel Sterland both score twice. 7 October 1991 – Ray Harford leaves Wimbledon and is replaced by Aston Villa's",
"psg_id": "7129347"
},
{
"title": "Leonid Shebarshin",
"text": "Karmal, Najibullah, Keshtmand etc. In 1987, Shebarshin appointed deputy chief of PGU KGB and manages intelligence operations in the Middle East and Africa. In February 1989, he replaced Kryuchkov as vice president and he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general. In September 1991, as a result of differences with the new leadership of the KGB submits a report on the resignation and dismissed from military service. At the end of that year, together with his colleagues and friends - former chief of analytical department of the KGB, Lieutenant-General Leonov and former Vice-President - Head of the Main Directorate",
"psg_id": "7061763"
},
{
"title": "What What (In the Butt)",
"text": "show \"Lily Allen and Friends\" for an interview and performed a live version of \"What What (In the Butt)\" with choreographed dancers. The video was also featured in episode #53 of ADD-TV in Manhattan. \"What What (In the Butt)\" was an official selection at the Milwaukee International Film Festival and the Mix Brasil Film Festival. In June 2010 Samwell appeared on an episode of Comedy Central's \"Tosh.0\", television show about viral videos. The segment told the story of how the \"What What\" video was created, followed by an acoustic duet version of the song by Samwell and Josh Homme, lead",
"psg_id": "10157828"
},
{
"title": "State Security Committee of the Republic of Belarus",
"text": "was born in what is now Belarus and remains an important figure in the state ideology of Belarus under president Alexander Lukashenko as well as a patron of the KGB of Belarus. It is governed by the law \"About State Security Bodies of the Republic of Belarus\". Major General Vadim Zaitsev, who was in charge of Lukashenko's personal security, was appointed its leader in July 2008. His tenure lasted until November 2012 and he was replaced by Valery Vakulchik. The KGB is formally controlled by the president of Belarus, Alexander Lukashenko. According to human rights organisations, the United States, and",
"psg_id": "5738681"
},
{
"title": "1991–92 in English football",
"text": "replaced by Alan Ball. 9 August 1991 - Within 48 hours of leaving Exeter City, Terry Cooper is named as the new Birmingham City manager. 10 August 1991 - League champions Arsenal and FA Cup winners Tottenham Hotspur share the FA Charity Shield with a goalless draw at Wembley. 13 August 1991 – Mark Walters follows his former Rangers manager Graeme Souness to Liverpool in a £1.25million deal. Don Howe's brief return to Wimbledon's coaching staff ends when he announces his decision to leave the club with immediate effect, in response to manager Ray Harford's decision to resign from the",
"psg_id": "7129337"
}
] | [
"russian federal security agency"
] |
which country does the airline pluna come form? | [
{
"title": "PLUNA",
"text": "PLUNA PLUNA Líneas Aéreas Uruguayas S.A. was the flag carrier of Uruguay. It was headquartered in Carrasco, Montevideo and operated scheduled services within South America, as well as scheduled cargo and charter services from its hub at Carrasco International Airport. On , only two days after the carrier's employees went on strike amid mounting financial difficulties, the Uruguayan government decided to close the airline down and to liquidate it. The carrier was wholly owned by the government at the time of its closure. The airline was established in September 1936 and started operations the following month, on . It was",
"psg_id": "978904"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "PLUNA",
"text": "from Montevideo to Salto and Paysandú. The two planes were christened \"Churrinche\" and \"San Alberto\", the latter in honor of the brothers' father. PLUNA flew 2,600 passengers in their first fiscal year, a huge success for that era. It also flew 20,000 pieces of mail and 70,000 newspapers. The carrier saw the incorporation of both the Potez 62 and the Douglas DC-2 into its fleet in the early 1940s, the latter acquired from the U.S. government. Following the outbreak of World War II, PLUNA was forced to suspend operations between 1942 and 1944 due to the lack of spare parts.",
"psg_id": "978906"
},
{
"title": "PLUNA",
"text": "and three Viscount 800s from VASP. PLUNA's growth slowed considerably for the next three decades, but it entered the jet age soon after jets were introduced to the world, and added John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) in New York, and Miami to its destinations, using Boeing 707 and Boeing 737 aircraft. In the 1980s PLUNA began flying to Madrid, Asunción, Rio de Janeiro and Santiago de Chile, but services to JFK and Miami were suspended. In the meantime, as the city of Punta del Este flourished as a major tourist destination, PLUNA benefited from that. During this time, an",
"psg_id": "978909"
},
{
"title": "Iberia (airline)",
"text": "the company during an expansion of the intercontinental routes, specially to Central America. By the middle of this decade the airline flew to almost all Latin American capitals. With the expansion in Latin America the company had followed a policy of purchasing shares and establishing agreements with several Latin American airlines such as Compañia Dominicana de Aviacación, Aerolíneas Peruanas, PLUNA and Air Panamá Internacional. At first, the intention of this policy it could be to create a strong distribution network for intercontinental routes passengers, but as the airline was controlled by the state the Franco regime used this investment policy",
"psg_id": "958982"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "most consolidation takes place within a country. In the U.S., over 200 airlines have merged, been taken over, or gone out of business since deregulation in 1978. Many international airline managers are lobbying their governments to permit greater consolidation to achieve higher economy and efficiency. Airline An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines utilize aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements. Generally, airline companies are recognized with an air operating certificate or license issued by a governmental aviation body. Airlines vary",
"psg_id": "19700"
},
{
"title": "Airline (brand)",
"text": "the original JB Hutto Airline beyond the first reissue, Eastwood Guitars released the \"Airline '59 Custom\" two and three pickup models in December 2008, which come with striped pickguards and rubber bound bodies, in the spirit of the originals. Airline (brand) Airline was a store brand of consumer electronics and musical instruments originally marketed and sold by American retailer Montgomery Ward via their catalog and brick and mortar stores. Products included radios, televisions, record players, guitars and amplifiers, similar to the way Sears branded their competing line of consumer electronics and instruments Silvertone. In the early 2000s, the Eastwood Guitar",
"psg_id": "8399475"
},
{
"title": "Airline ticket",
"text": "Airline ticket An airline ticket is a document or electronic record, issued by an airline or a travel agency, that confirms that an individual is entitled to a seat on a flight on an aircraft. The airline ticket may be one of two types: a \"paper ticket\", which comprises coupons or vouchers; and an electronic ticket (commonly referred to as an \"e-ticket\"). The ticket, in either form, is required to obtain a boarding pass during check-in at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft. Regardless of the type,",
"psg_id": "10030845"
},
{
"title": "Regional airline",
"text": "aircraft livery for the company they are operating flights for. These airlines can be subsidiaries of the major airline or fly under a code sharing agreement or operating through capacity purchase agreements, with the mainline parent company financing the aircraft for the regional airline, and then placing the aircraft with the regional for very little cost. An example would be Envoy Air, which is fully owned by American Airlines Group and does business as American Eagle. For all practical purposes, regional airlines in the United States today, are nothing more than co-branded feeder airlines to U.S. airline alliance largest airports",
"psg_id": "2279999"
},
{
"title": "Arkaim (airline)",
"text": "parent company. Expected to begin operations by the end of 2009, the airline also expects to add flights on local routes from Ufa to Neftekamsk and Sibay, possibly utilising Let L-410 Turbolet-sized aircraft. According to Kommersant, industry experts and competitors do not give the airline a chance at success, due to intensive competition on trunk routes, and the lack of a regional air travel market in Bashkortostan. Andrei Martirosov, the general director of UTair Aviation, does not believe that there is available US$500 million in Russia with which to build a network airline and also stated that he is not",
"psg_id": "13683290"
},
{
"title": "Come Back (Jessica Garlick song)",
"text": "Come Back (Jessica Garlick song) \"Come Back\" is a single released by Welsh pop singer Jessica Garlick which was the UK entry for 2002 Eurovision Song Contest. The song was written by Martyn Baylay then an airline pilot from Birmingham who prior to \"Come Back\" had made seven unsuccessful attempts to place a composition in the aka \"A Song For Europe\". Baylay would recall: \"I had always tried to deliberately write a song for the Contest, I would try anything to get in, I studied form so to speak and tried to create the perfect contest song. None of this",
"psg_id": "10576211"
},
{
"title": "Airline seat",
"text": "underneath the floor which run along the aircraft fuselage. If the airline wants to reconfigure the seating, this is a minor operation. For passenger safety, all airline seats are equipped with seatbelts. Seats are frequently equipped with further amenities. Airline seats may be equipped with a reclining mechanism for increased passenger comfort, either reclining mechanically (usually in economy class and short-haul first and business class) or electrically (usually in long-haul first class and business class). Most aircraft also feature trays for eating and reading, either in the seatback which folds down to form a small table in most economy class",
"psg_id": "9409224"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "Airline An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight. Airlines utilize aircraft to supply these services and may form partnerships or alliances with other airlines for codeshare agreements. Generally, airline companies are recognized with an air operating certificate or license issued by a governmental aviation body. Airlines vary in size, from small domestic airlines to full-service international airlines with double decker airplanes. Airline services can be categorized as being intercontinental, domestic, regional, or international, and may be operated as scheduled services or charters. The largest airline currently is American Airlines Group. DELAG, \"Deutsche",
"psg_id": "19620"
},
{
"title": "Regional Airline Association",
"text": "Regional Airline Association The Regional Airline Association (RAA) is a business association founded in 1975 that represents 21 North American regional airlines and 280 associate, non-airline members. This includes manufacturers of products and services supporting the regional airline industry. The RAA is the collective bargaining voice for its members' interests and lobbies on their behalf before the United States Congress, Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration and other federal agencies. The RAA represents the financial and economic interests of regional airline employers and regional airline support industry employers. The Regional Airline Association does not represent financial or economic interest of",
"psg_id": "16525020"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "Skies. In May 2010, Emirates Airline executives refuted claims that the carrier does not pay taxes and receives substantial financial assistance from the Dubai government. They claimed that the airline received $80m in cash and kind in the 25 years since the airline was established and this was substantially lower than what other national carriers had received. Maurice Flanagan also claimed that Emirates incurred social costs of around $600m in 2009 and this included municipal taxes to the city of Dubai. The airline also paid a dividend of AED956m ($260m) in 2010, compared to AED2.9bn ($793m) in 2009 and each",
"psg_id": "1275135"
},
{
"title": "EcoJet (airline)",
"text": "EcoJet (airline) Línea Aérea EcoJet S.A., stylized as ecojet, is a Bolivian domestic airline headquartered on the grounds of Jorge Wilstermann International Airport in the city of Cochabamba. It started scheduled passenger operations on November 24, 2013, with two 93-seat Avro RJ85 aircraft. The airline links its home city of Cochabamba, strategically located in the center of the country, with 9 major domestic destinations, reaching all the main centers of population. Along with Amaszonas, ecojet is a private airline that competes with state-owned airline Boliviana de Aviación in the Bolivian domestic market. Ecojet was established on November 24, 2013 and",
"psg_id": "17802744"
},
{
"title": "Berline (airline)",
"text": "Berline (airline) Berline (short form of Berlin-Brandenburgisches Luftfahrtunternehmen GmbH) was a German airline that operated chartered cargo and holiday flights out of its base at Berlin Schönefeld Airport. It had approximately 90 employees. Following the failed privatization and subsequent decision by \"Treuhandanstalt\" to liquidate loss-making former East German state airline Interflug in early 1991, a group of former employees acquired five of Interflug's ageing Ilyushin Il-18 turboprop aircraft and founded \"Il-18 Air Cargo\", an airline offering chartered freight services. On 1 November 1991, the name was changed to \"Berline\", and the airline commenced chartered passenger flights from Berlin-Schönefeld Airport to",
"psg_id": "11619410"
},
{
"title": "Anh Does",
"text": "Denmark, Sweden & Norway Anh traveled the country of Iceland. Anh traveled the country of Brazil. Anh traveled the country of Italy. Anh Does Anh Does... is a travel and lifestyle show presented by comedian Anh Do on the Seven Network. It premiered in 2012 with the two-part series \"Anh Does Vietnam\", in which he revisited the country of his birth, Vietnam. Anh's family fled from Vietnam to Australia as refugees in 1980. This series was followed by \"Anh Does Britain\" in 2013 where Anh visited Great Britain and Ireland and continued with other destinations. Anh traveled the country of",
"psg_id": "18133155"
},
{
"title": "Virtual airline (hobby)",
"text": "and The Pentagon had used PC-based flight simulators for training. Despite the initial concerns of the involvement of virtual airlines in these terrorist activities, largely little has come from these claims to date and no changes have been noted as occurring in their operation as a result. Virtual airline (hobby) A virtual airline (VA) is a dedicated hobby organization that uses flight simulation to model the operations of an airline. Virtual airlines generally have a presence on the Internet, similar to a real airline. Many hundreds of virtual airlines of significance are currently active, with tens of thousands of participants",
"psg_id": "3204704"
},
{
"title": "Airline teletype system",
"text": "Airline teletype system The Airline Teletype System uses teleprinters, which are electro-mechanical typewriters that can communicate typed messages from point to point through simple electric communications channels, often just pairs of wires. The most modern form of these devices are fully electronic and use a screen, instead of a printer. The airline industry began using teletypewriter technology in the early 1920s using radio stations located at 10 airfields in the United States. The US Post Office and other US government agencies used these radio stations for transmitting telegraph messages. It was during this period that the first federal teletypewriter system",
"psg_id": "5068633"
},
{
"title": "Airline meal",
"text": "meals were served by Handley Page Transport, an airline company founded in 1919, to serve the London–Paris route in October of that year. Passengers could choose from a selection of sandwiches and fruit. The type of food varies depending upon the airline company and class of travel. Meals may be served on one tray or in multiple courses with no tray and with a tablecloth, metal cutlery, and glassware (generally in first and business classes). Often the food is reflective of the culture of the country the airline is based in. The airline dinner typically includes meat (most commonly chicken",
"psg_id": "5733486"
},
{
"title": "Anh Does",
"text": "Anh Does Anh Does... is a travel and lifestyle show presented by comedian Anh Do on the Seven Network. It premiered in 2012 with the two-part series \"Anh Does Vietnam\", in which he revisited the country of his birth, Vietnam. Anh's family fled from Vietnam to Australia as refugees in 1980. This series was followed by \"Anh Does Britain\" in 2013 where Anh visited Great Britain and Ireland and continued with other destinations. Anh traveled the country of Vietnam. Anh traveled the country of Britain, including Great Britain & Ireland Anh traveled the country of Scandinavia, including the countries of",
"psg_id": "18133154"
},
{
"title": "Regional airline",
"text": "equipment, brought the independent regional airlines into direct competition with the major airlines, forcing additional consolidation. To improve on their market penetration, larger airline holding companies rely on operators of smaller aircraft to provide service or added frequency service to some airports. Such airlines, often operating in code-share arrangements with mainline airlines, often completely repaint their aircraft fleet in the mainline airline's sub-brand livery. For example, United Express regional airline partner CommutAir branded its entire fleet as United Express. On the other hand, regional airline Gulfstream International Airlines does not brand their aircraft. When Colgan Air was still operating, they",
"psg_id": "2279994"
},
{
"title": "Cimber (airline)",
"text": "and CRJ200 aircraft. In January 2017, SAS reached an agreement with CityJet whereby CityJet bought Cimber and would continue to operate flights on behalf of SAS. Cimber does not operate any routes under its own brand. All flights are conducted on behalf of Scandinavian Airlines, within their regional and European route network. The Cimber fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of August 2017): The airline previously operated the following aircraft: Cimber (airline) Cimber A/S was a Danish airline headquartered in Sønderborg and based at Copenhagen Airport. It flies exclusively for Scandinavian Airlines (SAS) on a wet lease (ACMI) contract.",
"psg_id": "16920691"
},
{
"title": "Jazz (airline)",
"text": "Air Canada called \"Air Canada Express Café\" offering snacks for purchase. On flights three hours and fifteen minutes or more in duration, sandwiches are added to the buy on board offering. Only major credit cards are accepted for payment on board. Jazz does not offer buy on board on Dash 8-100 or Dash 8-300 aircraft. Jazz (airline) Jazz Aviation LP, commonly shortened to Jazz, is a Canadian regional airline based at Halifax Stanfield International Airport in Enfield, Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Chorus Aviation. Jazz Aviation provides regional and charter airline services in",
"psg_id": "2068976"
},
{
"title": "The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes",
"text": "— “leans in,” and does it all — much better than the big Jack Rabbits.\" Author Francis Itani also remembers it as a childhood favorite in which the Country Bunny, \"goes on a quest to prove that she (as much as the male bunnies) can be wisest, swiftest and kindest.\" The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes is a 1939 children's picture book written by DuBose Heyward and illustrated by Marjorie Flack. The book, which has never been out of print, has come to be regarded as a feminist and anti-racist",
"psg_id": "19438103"
},
{
"title": "Alcazar (airline)",
"text": "States started negotiating open skies agreements with the European Union (EU), which would allow any European airline to fly from any airport in their home country to any airport in the US, and similarly any US airline to fly from any US airport to any European airport. In the 1980s, SAS, Swissair, Austrian Airlines and Finnair had attempted to establish European Quality Alliance (EQA). In addition to codesharing and joint marketing, the alliance was largely based around technical issues and using the EQA brand as a \"seal of quality\". These had largely stranded because Finnair felt that SAS goal was",
"psg_id": "16053321"
},
{
"title": "Form W-2",
"text": "from the employer, if the amount reported on the W-2 does not match the amount reported on Form 1040, the IRS may get suspicious. In addition, if an individual does not pay the required amount of taxes, the IRS will also know this. In this way, the IRS uses Form W-2 as a way to track an employee's tax liability, and the form has come to be seen as a formal proof of income. The Social Security Administration, court proceedings, and applications for federal financial aid for college may all use Form W-2 as proof of income. The employee receives",
"psg_id": "4777327"
},
{
"title": "Berline (airline)",
"text": "holiday resorts at the Mediterranean Sea, thus continuing the Interflug tradition. In 1992 and 1993, another two modern Fokker 100 airliners were added to the Berline fleet, which were leased from TAT. Due to the withdrawal of several investors and a subsequent credit freeze, Berline came into financial problems. On 31 March 1994, the company filed for bankruptcy and ceased all flight operations with immediate effect. Plans for a relaunch did not materialize, and on 28 October of that year, Berline was officially shut down. Berline (airline) Berline (short form of Berlin-Brandenburgisches Luftfahrtunternehmen GmbH) was a German airline that operated",
"psg_id": "11619411"
},
{
"title": "Pobeda (airline)",
"text": "Pobeda (airline) Pobeda Airlines LLC (, Budget Carrier, LLC) is a Russian low-cost airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of Aeroflot. It is based in Vnukovo International Airport, with secondary bases in Anapa and Sochi. It operates scheduled services to domestic and international destinations. \"Pobeda\" is the Russian word for victory. The company Budget Carrier, LLC was registered on 16 September 2014 with Aeroflot as the only shareholder. It is the second attempt of Aeroflot to form a low-cost carrier, after Dobrolet, which ceased operation in August 2014. Pobeda received an air operator's certificate on 11 November 2014, and commerced",
"psg_id": "18374907"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "relationship with Dubai's airport authority and its aviation authority, both of which are also wholly state-owned entities that share the same government owner with the airline. Qantas' chairman claimed that Emirates is able to reduce its borrowing costs below market rates by taking advantage of its government shareholders' sovereign borrower status. Emirates' president disagrees and has also referred to United States airlines bankruptcy protection as being a substantial form of state assistance. The airline makes regular profits. In recent years (2016), American Airlines, Delta Airlines, and United Airlines have made similar claims as well as stating that they violate Open",
"psg_id": "1275134"
},
{
"title": "Mount Cook Airline",
"text": "Mount Cook Airline Mount Cook Airline, a subsidiary of Air New Zealand, is a regional airline based in Christchurch, New Zealand. Formerly part of the Mount Cook Group, it now operates scheduled services throughout the country under the Air New Zealand Link brand. The airline operates the ATR 72-500 and ATR 72-600 aircraft, and all its aircraft wear the Air New Zealand livery. Its main base is Christchurch International Airport. The airline was established and started operations in 1920 at Timaru by Rodolph Lysaght Wigley, who in 1906 had driven the first motor car to The Hermitage. Wigley bought five",
"psg_id": "5671950"
},
{
"title": "2GO (cargo airline)",
"text": "2GO (cargo airline) 2GO is a logistics and supply chain company based in Parañaque City, Manila, the Philippines. It operates bulk cargo and express parcel services throughout the Philippines. Its main base is Ninoy Aquino International Airport, Manila. 2GO is operated by the Aboitiz Air Transport Corporation the transport and logistics company owned by Aboitiz Equity Ventures. 2GO Group is a part of the Chinese government-controlled 2GO Group (through the China-ASEAN Investment Cooperation Fund) which includes 2GO Travel and 2GO Express. 2GO does not have any aircraft but uses the hold capacity of Cebu Pacific passenger aircraft. The airline was",
"psg_id": "10139972"
},
{
"title": "Minerve (airline)",
"text": "on the international routes. In 1992 Minerve merged with Air Outre Mer to form AOM French Airlines. Minerve (airline) Minerve was a French airline, headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, that operated from 1975 until it merged with AOM to form AOM French Airlines in 1992. Minerve began operations in 1975 using Sud Aviation Caravelle aircraft on charter flights from Paris-Le Bourget airport. Permission was granted for charter flights to the United States in 1983 and those were operated first with Douglas DC-8 jets and later on with a Boeing 747-200 wide body jetliner. For charter flights to the",
"psg_id": "11698235"
},
{
"title": "Airline deregulation",
"text": "Airline deregulation Airline deregulation is the process of removing government-imposed entry and price restrictions on airlines affecting, in particular, the carriers permitted to serve specific routes. In the United States, the term usually applies to the Airline Deregulation Act of 1978. A new form of regulation has been developed to some extent to deal with problems such as the allocation of the limited number of slots available at airports. As jets were integrated into the market in the late 1950s and early 1960s, the industry experienced dramatic growth. By the mid-1960s, they were carrying roughly 100 million passengers and by",
"psg_id": "2431185"
},
{
"title": "Airline codes",
"text": "airline's old livery which featured a springbok), or possibly to avoid confusion with a call sign used by an established airline. Companies' assigned names may change as a result of mergers, acquisitions, or change in company name or status; British Airways uses BOAC's old callsign (\"Speedbird\"), as British Airways was formed by a merger of BOAC and British European Airways. Country names can also change over time and new call signs may be agreed in substitution for traditional ones. The country shown alongside an airline's call sign is that wherein most of its aircraft are believed to be registered, which",
"psg_id": "7795295"
},
{
"title": "Christmas in the Basque Country",
"text": "sea (if there is a sea in their town or city). The one other day that is important to the Basques is the 6th of January (the Day of the Three Kings). On that night the same happens. The children leave their shoes out and in the night the Three Kings come and leave presents, but much less than Olentzero does. Christmas in the Basque Country Christmas in the Basque Country starts with the of Santo Tomas on 21 December, a celebration in which most people go out onto the streets to dance and eat talo with txistorra (a type",
"psg_id": "12874250"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "air carriers, to rescheme an airlines assets into a profitable organization or liquidating an air carrier of their profitable and worthwhile routes and business operations. Thus the last 50 years of the airline industry have varied from reasonably profitable, to devastatingly depressed. As the first major market to deregulate the industry in 1978, U.S. airlines have experienced more turbulence than almost any other country or region. In fact, no U.S. legacy carrier survived bankruptcy-free. Among the outspoken critics of deregulation, former CEO of American Airlines, Robert Crandall has publicly stated: \"Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection filing shows airline industry deregulation was",
"psg_id": "19649"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "million jobs and $2.7 trillion of economic activity: 3.6% of the global GDP. In July 2016, the total weekly airline capacity was 181.1 billion Available Seat Kilometers (+6.9% compared to July 2015): 57.6bn in Asia-Pacific, 47.7bn in Europe, 46.2bn in North America, 12.2bn in Middle East, 12.0bn in Latin America and 5.4bn in Africa. Historically, air travel has survived largely through state support, whether in the form of equity or subsidies. The airline industry as a whole has made a cumulative loss during its 100-year history, once the costs include subsidies for aircraft development and airport construction. One argument is",
"psg_id": "19668"
},
{
"title": "The Boy Does Nothing",
"text": "Hormiguero\". In Australia, the song was used to promote the 2009 season of the Australian \"Dancing with the Stars\" and has since seen an Australian release, seeing regular radio play. On 20 November 2009, Dixon performed \"The Boy Does Nothing\" as the opener to Children in Need 2009, which she also co-hosted, alongside Terry Wogan and \"Strictly Come Dancing\" colleague Tess Daly. Nick Levine of Digital Spy gave the song stars: Pop Justice gave the song a positive review and rated the song : The video for \"The Boy Does Nothing\" is directed by the art director from the film",
"psg_id": "12084801"
},
{
"title": "Airline ticket",
"text": "be created which is used to manage the reservation and check in. It is possible to have multiple passengers in a single passenger name record. Having a reservation does not entitle the passenger to travel. Only when the airline receives the payment, a ticket is issued which is linked to the reservation which allows the passenger to travel. Traditionally, reservation and payment are separate steps, which the time between them are defined in the fare rules when the reservation is made. However, it is more common to require immediate payment on online booking systems. Each passenger must hold his/her own",
"psg_id": "10030847"
},
{
"title": "The Airline Cooperative",
"text": "140 member airlines and continues to grow. In March 2015, a published map showed there to be:<br> - 147 Airline members worldwide<br> - 66 countries with Airline Cooperative airline members<br> - 116 Airport bases with airlines taking part in the Cooperative<br> The Airline Cooperative The Airline Cooperative (ACO) is a membership organisation formed by a broad group of International Airlines, with the structure of a Cooperative Society. The pivotal aim of the Cooperative is to share non-competitive information, and work together to increase awareness of relevant safety and security concerns, improve efficiency, reduce costs, learn, and grow. As of March",
"psg_id": "18669778"
},
{
"title": "Freedoms of the air",
"text": "flights stop at multiple points in a foreign country and passengers may sometimes make stopovers in a similar manner, but because the traffic being carried does not originate in the country where the flight takes place it is not cabotage but another form of beyond rights. The fifth freedom allows an airline to carry revenue traffic between foreign countries as a part of services connecting the airline's own country. It is the right to carry passengers from one's own country to a second country, and from that country to a third country (and so on). An example of a fifth",
"psg_id": "2685016"
},
{
"title": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series)",
"text": "Come Fly with Me (2010 TV series) Come Fly with Me is an English mockumentary television comedy series created by and starring Matt Lucas and David Walliams. Narrated by Lindsay Duncan, the series launched on 25 December 2010 on BBC One and BBC One HD. A spoof of British documentaries \"Airport\" and \"Airline\", the series follows the activity at London Stansted Airport and three fictional airlines:FlyLo (a low cost British airline), Our Lady Air (an Irish low-cost airline) and Great British Air (a major international British airline). Lucas and Walliams portray many of the focal airline and airport staff, as",
"psg_id": "15141651"
},
{
"title": "Mount Cook Airline",
"text": "Zealand link brand in the mid 1990s. At this stage the flower was relegated to a spot just below the tail, before vanishing totally in the early 2000s. However, it has made a return in 2012 appearing towards the front of Mount Cook's ATR 72-600 aircraft. The new logo is a much-simplified flower, featuring six separate petals rather than the former layered specimen. Mount Cook Airline Mount Cook Airline, a subsidiary of Air New Zealand, is a regional airline based in Christchurch, New Zealand. Formerly part of the Mount Cook Group, it now operates scheduled services throughout the country under",
"psg_id": "5671966"
},
{
"title": "Airline Ambassadors International",
"text": "in the airline industry to transport relief aid or to use their travel passes to escort children in need of medical attention to the US for treatment. Airline Ambassadors International is the only independent relief and development non-profit in the United States that works directly with commercial airlines. Since 1996 AAI has provided aid to an estimated 500,000 people in underprivileged areas around the world aid, both in the form of disaster relief and ongoing support projects. The organization's network of members numbers in the 10,000s, with most being airline personnel, although the organization includes people from every profession and",
"psg_id": "14290539"
},
{
"title": "Airline codes",
"text": "Airline codes This is a list of airline codes. The table lists IATA's two-character airline designators, ICAO's three-character airline designators and the airline call signs (telephony designator). Historical assignments are also included. IATA airline designators, sometimes called IATA reservation codes, are two-character codes assigned by the International Air Transport Association (IATA) to the world's airlines. The standard is described in IATA's \"Standard Schedules Information Manual\" and the codes themselves are described in IATA's \"Airline Coding Directory\". (Both are published twice-annually.) The IATA codes originally based on the ICAO designators which were issued in 1947 as two-letter airline identification codes (see",
"psg_id": "7795286"
},
{
"title": "Airline complaints",
"text": "Airline complaints Airline complaints are any type of formal complaint filed by an airline customer either to the airline responsible for the grievance or the government office responsible for overseeing the airlines national industry. Airline complaints generally arise out of problems experienced during air travel that were left unresolved. According to the Airline Quality Rating 2007 report, airline hassles in the United States have increased since 2005. The rate of complaints, on the other hand, have remained roughly the same, with 0.88 complaints per 100,000, half of which were due to problems with flights or baggage. This may be due",
"psg_id": "10828456"
},
{
"title": "Form 1042",
"text": "1042, also \"Annual Withholding Tax Return for U.S. Source Income of Foreign Persons\", is used to report tax withheld on certain income of foreign persons. The employer only needs to submit Form 1042 to the IRS, not to their employee. Form 1042 does not have to be accompanied by a Form 1042-T. Form 1042-S, also \"Foreign Person's U.S. Source Income Subject to Withholding\", is used to report any payments made to foreign persons. Non-resident alien employees receive a completed version of this form from their withholding agent if they have one. For example, a postdoctoral student from a foreign country",
"psg_id": "19332396"
},
{
"title": "The Airline Cooperative",
"text": "The Airline Cooperative The Airline Cooperative (ACO) is a membership organisation formed by a broad group of International Airlines, with the structure of a Cooperative Society. The pivotal aim of the Cooperative is to share non-competitive information, and work together to increase awareness of relevant safety and security concerns, improve efficiency, reduce costs, learn, and grow. As of March 2015, there were 147 airlines in the group. These airlines are located in 66 different countries worldwide, at 116 different airport base locations. The Airline Cooperative is differentiated from existing airline groups like IATA, AEA, ERA, and so on, in that",
"psg_id": "18669776"
},
{
"title": "PLUNA",
"text": "end of 2011 and these were delivered between September and November 2011. With these additions, PLUNA's fleet consisted of 13 airplanes, the highest number in its history. In early , PLUNA's then CEO, Matías Campiani, disclosed that the airline might face collapse amid a financial distress that led to a loss of million for the eight months ending in February the same year, partly due to the protectionism of the government of Argentina —where the carrier concentrated 21% of its operations— following the renationalisation of Aerolíneas Argentinas in 2008, and partly due to the slowdown of the Brazilian economy in",
"psg_id": "978914"
},
{
"title": "Form of the Good",
"text": "Plato does not assign \"goodness\" to anything in the existing world. Because Plato's Form of the Good does not explain events in the physical world, humans have no reason to believe that the Form of the Good exists and the Form of the Good is thereby irrelevant to human ethics. Plato's Form of the Good is often criticized as too general. Plato's Form of the Good does not define things in the physical world that are good, and therefore lacks connectedness to reality. Because Plato's Form of the Good lacks instruction, or ways for the individual to be good, Plato's",
"psg_id": "2097787"
},
{
"title": "Airline Tycoon",
"text": "(as it can in single-player mode) for longer games. The original game was released in August 1998 in Germany. It was not released in any English-speaking country; however, there was an official English demo. The first Airline Tycoon title to be released in United States and the United Kingdom was \"Airline Tycoon First Class\". It was published in 2001 by Monte Cristo; however, the publisher decided to remove \"First Class\" subtitle from the game box and manuals, though it remained in-game. Features added in First Class include ten brand new missions, multiplayer mode with up to 4 players, new MIDI",
"psg_id": "7296575"
},
{
"title": "SARO (airline)",
"text": "SARO (airline) SARO (Servicios Aéreos Rutas Oriente) was an airline based in Monterrey, Mexico. The airline was established in 1991 and due to their low prices, was one of the first low-cost airlines in Mexico and America. It operated scheduled and charter flights to Mexico City. SARO ceased operations in 1994. \"Una Aerolínea con todo... para todos!\" \"(means \"An airline with everything... for everybody!\")\" which depicted the \"low-Fares\" character of the airline, not common in Mexico at that time. SARO was a good attempt at starting up a true low-cost domestic airline many years before the present ones. It was",
"psg_id": "15226332"
},
{
"title": "SARO (airline)",
"text": "snacks on most of its flights. SARO (airline) SARO (Servicios Aéreos Rutas Oriente) was an airline based in Monterrey, Mexico. The airline was established in 1991 and due to their low prices, was one of the first low-cost airlines in Mexico and America. It operated scheduled and charter flights to Mexico City. SARO ceased operations in 1994. \"Una Aerolínea con todo... para todos!\" \"(means \"An airline with everything... for everybody!\")\" which depicted the \"low-Fares\" character of the airline, not common in Mexico at that time. SARO was a good attempt at starting up a true low-cost domestic airline many years",
"psg_id": "15226339"
},
{
"title": "The Country of Carnival",
"text": "The Country of Carnival The Country of Carnival (Portuguese: O País do Carnaval) is a Brazilian novel. It was written by Jorge Amado in 1931. In this debut novel, the themes that would come to permeate the author's work can already be seen, albeit in an embryonic form. The book is an account of the typical Brazilian intelligentsia of the 1920s. It has not been translated into English. \"The Country of Carnival\" was Jorge Amado’s first novel, written when he was only 18 at a time when he had enrolled at the law faculty in Rio de Janeiro. The first",
"psg_id": "3042756"
},
{
"title": "Sun Country Airlines",
"text": "St. Louis, Belize and St. Kitts. The 2018 wave of expansions is part of a three-year expansion plan for the airline. The airline provides charter service for the United States Armed Forces. Sun Country maintains interline agreements with Icelandair, Condor, China Airlines as well as Emirates. The Sun Country Airlines fleet consists of Boeing 737 Next-Generation airplanes. Seasonally, additional aircraft are leased between Transavia and Sun Country. During its slow summer season, Sun Country occasionally leases planes to Transavia and during Transavia's slow winter season, the airline leases planes to Sun Country. On the weekend of April 14-15, 2018, an",
"psg_id": "4212212"
},
{
"title": "Jazz (airline)",
"text": "Limited (CCAL) had served a 30-day termination notice for Jazz's month-to-month lease of terminal space at Toronto City Centre Airport. The Toronto Port Authority itself does not control any significant terminal space at the airport, but it extended permission for Jazz to continue using the airport; however, since the airline could not find terminal space, they cancelled service to the airport at the end of February 2006. CCAL had been bought by REGCO Holdings, (now Porter Aviation Holdings), the owners of Porter Airlines, which launched service from the airport later that year. In August 2008, Jazz Air removed all life",
"psg_id": "2068966"
},
{
"title": "Iberia (airline)",
"text": "in pension asset values and financial returns from these assets may increase the size of the pension deficit\". , the airline had over 18,000 employees. Iberia has a 9.49% stake in low-cost carrier Vueling which is based near Barcelona, with parent company IAG owning the remaining 90.51%. This was done to ensure that IAG does not have 100% of the shares in Vueling, but that the shares are split between its divisions. Iberia also has a 0.95% share in Royal Air Maroc. Iberia is allied with American Airlines, Qantas, Avianca, British Airways, and Grupo TACA, and on 1 September 1999,",
"psg_id": "959000"
},
{
"title": "Minerve (airline)",
"text": "Minerve (airline) Minerve was a French airline, headquartered in the 1st arrondissement of Paris, that operated from 1975 until it merged with AOM to form AOM French Airlines in 1992. Minerve began operations in 1975 using Sud Aviation Caravelle aircraft on charter flights from Paris-Le Bourget airport. Permission was granted for charter flights to the United States in 1983 and those were operated first with Douglas DC-8 jets and later on with a Boeing 747-200 wide body jetliner. For charter flights to the Mediterranean and North Africa the Caravelles were used until replaced in 1987 by McDonnell Douglas MD-83. Minerve",
"psg_id": "11698233"
},
{
"title": "Airline hub",
"text": "The country exited Gulf Air in 2006, and Oman followed in 2007. Emirates, Qatar Airways and Etihad Airways have since established large hubs at their respective home airports. The hubs, which benefit from their proximity to large population centres, have become popular stopover points on trips between Europe and Asia, for example. Their rapid growth has impacted the development of traditional hubs, such as London, Paris, and New York City. Before the US airline industry was deregulated in 1978, most airlines operated under the point-to-point system (with a notable exception being Pan Am). The Civil Aeronautics Board dictated which routes",
"psg_id": "4901795"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "million) in 2014. The government has received Dhs14.6 billion from Emirates since dividends started being paid in 1999 for having provided an initial start-up capital of US$10 million and an additional investment of about US$80 million at the time of the airline's inception. The Dubai government is the sole owner of the company. However, it does not put any new money into it, nor does it interfere with running the airline. Emirates has diversified into related industries and sectors, including airport services, engineering, catering, and tour operator operations. Emirates has seven subsidiaries and its parent company has more than 50.",
"psg_id": "1275096"
},
{
"title": "Alcazar (airline)",
"text": "Sabena. In addition, they had a strong tie with Northwest Airlines. In 1989, KLM bought 20 percent of the then ailing airline. In 1992, KLM had made a bailout purchase of Northwest, securing a 25 percent ownership of the airline, which is the maximum a foreign airline is allowed to own in a US airline. Swissair cooperated with Delta Air Lines and Singapore Airlines in a triangular cooperation, which was highly valued by the company's management. Delta was significantly larger than the other two US partner airlines, and had a base in New York City, rather than Northwest's hubs in",
"psg_id": "16053323"
},
{
"title": "Business class airline",
"text": "effort to financially survive before being shut down as an individually certificated independent airline by its new Republic Airways Holdings owners Of major, flag, legacy, national, network, mainline or non-mainline airline carriers. Business class airline A business class airline was an airline concept which emerged during the mid-first decade of the 21st century involving a number of airlines that operated all-business class service. Currently, only one all business class airline, La Compagnie, which was founded in 2013, provides an all business class service between Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris and Newark Liberty International Airport. Service is currently provided using",
"psg_id": "12024759"
},
{
"title": "Kato Airline",
"text": "routes were all lost in 2006, after which the company fell into financial difficulties. The maintenance certificate was withdrawn on 28 August 2008 and the airline ceased operations on 1 September. Kato Air was incorporated on 16 February 1995. However, not until 21 February 1996 did it receive an air operator's certificate for general aviation. In the intermediate period the airline cooperated with another airline. The airline established a base at Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes, as the first airline to be based at the airport. The company was founded and owned by Karl Johan Karlsen, acting as chairman, and his wife",
"psg_id": "5029381"
},
{
"title": "Republic Airline",
"text": "America merged with Republic Airline. As of January 31st, 2017, Republic Airline has the largest fleet of Embraer 170 and Embraer 175 aircraft in the world. As of April 2017, the Republic Airline fleet consists of the following aircraft: The Embraer 175 made its United States domestic debut when the first aircraft was delivered to Republic Airline in March 2007. Total orders were for 36 aircraft, which were operated in an 80-seat configuration under the US Airways Express brand name. In July 2010, Republic ordered a further 24 Embraer 190 aircraft. In May 2012, Republic Airline agreed to fly the",
"psg_id": "3646998"
},
{
"title": "Emirates (airline)",
"text": "Emirates (airline) Emirates ( DMG: \"Ṭayarān Al-Imārāt\") is an airline based in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The airline is a subsidiary of The Emirates Group, which is wholly owned by the government of Dubai's Investment Corporation of Dubai. It is the largest airline in the Middle East, operating over 3,600 flights per week from its hub at Dubai International Airport, to more than 140 cities in 81 countries across six continents. Cargo activities are undertaken by Emirates SkyCargo. Emirates is the world's fourth largest airline in scheduled revenue passenger-kilometers flown, the fourth-largest in terms of international passengers carried, and the",
"psg_id": "1275092"
},
{
"title": "Airline Tycoon",
"text": "Airline Tycoon Airline Tycoon is a business simulation game by Thomas Holz and Robert Kleinert, in which the player must successfully manage an airline. The original was developed by Spellbound, and published by Infogrames, however, the succeeding versions were published by a variety of publishers. The original \"Airline Tycoon\" was created for Windows, however, the later \"Deluxe\" version was also ported to Linux, Mac OS X, MorphOS, ZETA, iOS and Android. In this game, like all Tycoon computer games, the objective is to become a tycoon, and in this case, an “Airline Tycoon.” This is achieved through the balance of",
"psg_id": "7296572"
},
{
"title": "Kato Airline",
"text": "Kato Airline Kato Airline AS, trading as Kato Air, was an airline which operated in Northern Norway between 1995 and 2008. Although also operating some smaller aircraft, the main portion of the airline's fleet were two Dornier Do 228. The airline was based at the grounds of Harstad/Narvik Airport, Evenes in Evenes. Commercial operations began in 1996. An early contract was fling newspapers out of Harstad. During 1999 the airline took delivery of two Do 228s and started a scheduled service from Harstad/Narvik to Bodø and Tromsø. The route was not viable and closed later that year. In the process",
"psg_id": "5029379"
},
{
"title": "Vildanden (airline)",
"text": "Vildanden (airline) Vildanden AS (\"The Wild Duck\") was a virtual, regional airline based at Skien Airport, Geiteryggen in Norway, where it was the only airline. With operations starting in 2005, it flew to Bergen, Trondheim and Stavanger using a Jetstream 32 and an ATR 42, which is wet leased from Danish Air Transport (DAT) and Helitrans. Previously, the airline has also served Stockholm and Molde, and has also operated Saab 340 aircraft, operated by Coast Air, Air Aurora and Avitrans. The airline had been in conflict with Coast Air about terminating the wet lease agreement. The company has had to",
"psg_id": "8237433"
},
{
"title": "Airline Tycoon",
"text": "Airline Tycoon 2 received on Metacritic a mediocre score of 57/100 from four reviews. Airline Tycoon Airline Tycoon is a business simulation game by Thomas Holz and Robert Kleinert, in which the player must successfully manage an airline. The original was developed by Spellbound, and published by Infogrames, however, the succeeding versions were published by a variety of publishers. The original \"Airline Tycoon\" was created for Windows, however, the later \"Deluxe\" version was also ported to Linux, Mac OS X, MorphOS, ZETA, iOS and Android. In this game, like all Tycoon computer games, the objective is to become a tycoon,",
"psg_id": "7296580"
},
{
"title": "Kato Airline",
"text": "Rally. The airline made several bids to win more routes. They applied in 2006 for both PSO contracts in Finnmark, but failed to match the bid from Widerøe. Following an inspection, the Civil Aviation Authority of Norway withdrew Kato Air Service's aircraft maintenance certificate on 28 August 2008. They citied several severe breaches of regulation and routines. Subsequently, the board decided on 1 September to liquidate the company. The following is a list of scheduled destinations served by Kato Airline. Kato Airline Kato Airline AS, trading as Kato Air, was an airline which operated in Northern Norway between 1995 and",
"psg_id": "5029389"
},
{
"title": "Lightning Does the Work",
"text": "a pickup truck. Scenes also feature him singing the song in a dark room full of blue smoke. During the instrumental break, Brock puts his goggles on as he watches the lightning kick into the back of the truck, and driving his pickup truck again. He stands outside, and the video ends. Lightning Does the Work \"Lightning Does the Work\" is a song co-written and performed by American country music artist Chad Brock. It was released in March 1999 as the third and final single from his self-titled debut album. The song reached 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles",
"psg_id": "16277039"
},
{
"title": "Lightning Does the Work",
"text": "Lightning Does the Work \"Lightning Does the Work\" is a song co-written and performed by American country music artist Chad Brock. It was released in March 1999 as the third and final single from his self-titled debut album. The song reached 19 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart. The song was written by Brock, John Hadley and Kelly Garrett. The music video was directed by Steven T. Miller, and premiered in March, 1999. It features Brock wearing a ball cap, as he uses a tool to make the metal in his barn for the lightning, and driving",
"psg_id": "16277038"
},
{
"title": "Air Safaris (New Zealand airline)",
"text": "Air Safaris (New Zealand airline) Air Safaris is a New Zealand scenic flight and air charter company based at the Lake Tekapo Airport located 2.8 km west of the town of Lake Tekapo, off State Highway 8 in the Mackenzie District of New Zealand. The airline operates from 5 bases the Lake Tekapo, Franz Josef, Glentanner, Twizel and Mt Cook airports. The company logo is a stylised chamois; these are wild goat-like antelope which inhabits the region of the South Island High Country. Air Safaris was established in 1970 at Mesopotamia station to take hunters and hikers into the mountain",
"psg_id": "16490960"
},
{
"title": "Sun Country Airlines",
"text": "Sun Country Airlines Sun Country Airlines is a United States-based low-cost airline headquartered in Eagan, Minnesota and based at nearby Minneapolis–Saint Paul International Airport. The airline operates 70 routes, mostly between destinations in the United States, Mexico, Costa Rica and the Caribbean. Sun Country began flight operations in January 1983 with a single Boeing 727-200 jetliner. The airline's original staff consisted of sixteen pilots, sixteen flight attendants, three mechanics and one office person. A number of the original employees had previously worked for Braniff International Airways which ceased operations on May 12, 1981. The company's founder and first President/CEO was",
"psg_id": "4212202"
},
{
"title": "Like Jesus Does",
"text": "Like Jesus Does \"Like Jesus Does\" is a song written by Casey Beathard and Monty Criswell and recorded by American country music artist Eric Church. It was released in January 2013 as the fifth and final single from Church's 2011 album \"Chief\". It was also his eighth consecutive single to be certified gold by the RIAA. The song is a mid-tempo ballad in which the narrator says that his lover accepts his personality and \"loves [him] like Jesus does\". Giving it 3.5 stars out of 5, Billy Dukes of \"Taste of Country\" praised the lyrics and \"vulnerability\", but criticized the",
"psg_id": "17074804"
},
{
"title": "History of Emirates (airline)",
"text": "model. The order for the 787 had been announced during the Dubai Airshow, and Airbus executives were reportedly seated in the front row, expecting a deal for more A380 super-jumbos. History of Emirates (airline) Emirates, the world's fourth-largest airline by scheduled revenue passenger-kilometers flown and number of international passengers carried was founded in 1985 by the royal family of Dubai. The airline's first flight was from Dubai to Karachi, Pakistan, in October of that year. Its first aircraft stock came in the form of a pair of Boeing 727-200s provided by the Dubai Royal Air Wing. The airline grew rapidly",
"psg_id": "20756851"
},
{
"title": "History of Emirates (airline)",
"text": "History of Emirates (airline) Emirates, the world's fourth-largest airline by scheduled revenue passenger-kilometers flown and number of international passengers carried was founded in 1985 by the royal family of Dubai. The airline's first flight was from Dubai to Karachi, Pakistan, in October of that year. Its first aircraft stock came in the form of a pair of Boeing 727-200s provided by the Dubai Royal Air Wing. The airline grew rapidly through partnerships and investment to become one of the world's leading air carriers. During the mid-1980s, Gulf Air began to cut back its services to Dubai as it was concerned",
"psg_id": "20756824"
},
{
"title": "Kosher airline meal",
"text": "Jewish travelers. Kosher meals cost the airline nearly twice as much as standard meals, even as they are offered at no additional cost to the traveler. \"Smithsonian Magazine\" has reported that kosher airline meals are the most expensive type of airline meal served. Sometimes, dairy and meat foods are mixed by airline employees unaware of the kashrut guideline prohibiting such mixtures, or dairy is served too soon after a meat meal. On Passover, meals containing chametz (bread which has leavened beyond 18 minutes) are sometimes served by mistake. Kosher airline meal A kosher airline meal is an airline meal that",
"psg_id": "15764583"
},
{
"title": "Airline",
"text": "which began its operations without any support from the Government. With the outbreak of World War II, the airline presence in Asia came to a relative halt, with many new flag carriers donating their aircraft for military aid and other uses. Following the end of the war in 1945, regular commercial service was restored in India and Tata Airlines became a public limited company on July 29, 1946, under the name Air India. After the independence of India, 49% of the airline was acquired by the Government of India. In return, the airline was granted status to operate international services",
"psg_id": "19657"
}
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who had a 60s no 1 hit with play that funky music? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Play That Funky Music",
"text": "Play That Funky Music \"Play That Funky Music\" is a song written by Rob Parissi and recorded by the band Wild Cherry. The single was the first released by the Cleveland-based Sweet City record label in April 1976 and distributed by Epic Records. The performers on the recording included lead singer Parissi, electric guitarist Bryan Bassett, bassist Allen Wentz, and drummer Ron Beitle, with session players Chuck Berginc, Jack Brndiar (trumpets), and Joe Eckert and Rick Singer (saxes) on the horn riff that runs throughout the song's verses. The single hit number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on September",
"psg_id": "7997836"
},
{
"title": "Play That Funky Music",
"text": "label Ichiban Records signed Vanilla Ice to a record deal, releasing the album \"Hooked\" in January 1989, containing \"Play That Funky Music\" and its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\". Songwriter Robert Parissi was not credited. Parissi was later awarded $500,000 in a copyright infringement lawsuit. Although it did not initially catch on, its B-side, \"Ice Ice Baby\", gained more success when a disc jockey played that track instead of the single's A-side. Following the success of \"Ice Ice Baby\", \"Play That Funky Music\" was reissued as its own single (with new lyrics), and peaked at no. 4 on the US \"Billboard\"",
"psg_id": "7997838"
},
{
"title": "Play That Funky Music",
"text": "Hot 100 and no. 10 in the UK. The song appears on the soundtrack of the film \"Evolution\" (2001) and on the open show \"Ces Gars-Là\", a French-Canadian show on V Télé featuring the stand-up comic Sugar Sammy and Simon-Olivier Fecteau. Play That Funky Music \"Play That Funky Music\" is a song written by Rob Parissi and recorded by the band Wild Cherry. The single was the first released by the Cleveland-based Sweet City record label in April 1976 and distributed by Epic Records. The performers on the recording included lead singer Parissi, electric guitarist Bryan Bassett, bassist Allen Wentz,",
"psg_id": "7997839"
},
{
"title": "Play That Funky Music",
"text": "18, 1976; it was also number one on the Hot Soul Singles chart. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America for shipments of over 2 million records and eventually sold 2.5 million in the United States alone. The song was listed at No. 93 on \"Billboard\" magazine's \"All-Time Top 100 Songs\" in 2018. It was also the group's only U.S. Top 40 song. !scope=\"row\"|United Kingdom (BPI) !scope=\"row\"|United States (RIAA) !scope=\"row\"|United States (RIAA) American rapper Vanilla Ice later released a song featuring an interpretation of \"Play That Funky Music\". Based on this single, the independent record",
"psg_id": "7997837"
},
{
"title": "Everything I Play Is Funky",
"text": "Everything I Play Is Funky Everything I Play is Funky is an album by jazz saxophonist Lou Donaldson recorded for the Blue Note label featuring Donaldson with Blue Mitchell, Lonnie Smith, Melvin Sparks, Jimmy Lewis and Idris Muhammad and two tracks with Eddie Williams and Charles Earland replacing Mitchell and Smith. The album was awarded 3 stars in an Allmusic review by Steve Huey who states \"\"Everything I Play Is Funky\" is easily one of the best examples of Lou Donaldson's commercially accessible period of the late '60s and early '70s. Donaldson's forays into funk and R&B-driven soul-jazz could sometimes",
"psg_id": "14088882"
},
{
"title": "Hit Me with That",
"text": "of Method Man's vocals from \"7th Chamber\" by Wu-Tang Clan. Despite the release of a music video directed by David Perez Shadi, \"Hit Me with That\" failed to chart. The song is nonetheless featured on The Beatnuts' 2001 hits compilation \"Beatnuts Forever\". <br> Hit Me with That \"Hit Me with That\" is the second single from \"\", a 1994 album by East Coast hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released by Relativity Records as a single with \"Get Funky\" as its b-side in 1994. The song is produced by The Beatnuts and features raps by JuJu, Fashion and Psycho",
"psg_id": "12035764"
},
{
"title": "Hit Me with That",
"text": "Hit Me with That \"Hit Me with That\" is the second single from \"\", a 1994 album by East Coast hip hop group The Beatnuts. It was released by Relativity Records as a single with \"Get Funky\" as its b-side in 1994. The song is produced by The Beatnuts and features raps by JuJu, Fashion and Psycho Les. Its lyrics are about how \"hardcore\" The Beatnuts and their music are. It contains a slow, downtrodden and drum-heavy instrumental that samples \"Love & Happiness\" by Monty Alexander and \"Holy Thursday\" by David Axelrod. The song's refrain also contains a scratched sample",
"psg_id": "12035763"
},
{
"title": "The Funky Worm",
"text": "The Funky Worm The Funky Worm was a British dance music studio project, assembled by record producer, Mark Brydon. The group took its name from the hit Ohio Players song \"Funky Worm.\" The group also contained saxophonist Sim Lister. Its track \"Hustle! (To the Music...)\" went to #1 on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart in 1988. Original band founders DJs Parrot and Ping Pong (Carl Munson), were joined by the singer (now actress) Julie Stewart and were signed by WEA, before reaching #13 in the UK Singles Chart with \"Hustle! (To the Music)...\". Two less successful tracks, \"The",
"psg_id": "5472837"
},
{
"title": "The Funky Worm",
"text": "Spell! (Get Down With The Genie)\" (1988) and \"U + Me = Love\" (1989) followed. \"The Spell! (Get Down With The Genie)\" appears in the \"Only Fools and Horses\" episode \"Yuppy Love\". In 1995, Brydon formed another successful duo, Moloko. The Funky Worm The Funky Worm was a British dance music studio project, assembled by record producer, Mark Brydon. The group took its name from the hit Ohio Players song \"Funky Worm.\" The group also contained saxophonist Sim Lister. Its track \"Hustle! (To the Music...)\" went to #1 on the U.S. Hot Dance Club Play chart in 1988. Original band",
"psg_id": "5472838"
},
{
"title": "60s 70s 80s",
"text": "60s 70s 80s 60s 70s 80s is a triple A-side single, Namie Amuro's 33rd solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was released in CD and CD&DVD formats on March 12, 2008, 11 months since her previous single \"Funky Town\", and nearly nine months after her successful album \"Play\". This single continues her successful comeback, as it had her highest first week sales since 2000's \"Never End\" even at a time when CD single sales are dramatically decreasing. It became her first #1 since 1998's \"I Have Never Seen\", and her highest selling single since \"Never End\". \"60s 70s",
"psg_id": "11503214"
},
{
"title": "Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch",
"text": "Mario Bros.\" movie soundtrack. After the group disbanded, Mark continued his music career by teaming with reggae musician Prince Ital Joe. The duo released two albums in Europe and had a No. 1 hit in Germany with \"United\". Mark continued to release music until retiring in 1998 and becoming a successful actor in the United States. Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch was an American hip-hop group led by Mark Wahlberg. The Funky Bunch consisted of Wahlberg (alias Marky Mark), Scott Ross (alias Scottie Gee), Hector Barros (alias Hector the Booty Inspector), Terry Yancey",
"psg_id": "1455636"
},
{
"title": "Music of Ohio",
"text": "1945 with \"Sentimental Journey\". Dean Martin had a #1 Billboard Hot 100 hit with \"Everybody Loves Somebody\" in 1964. The O'Jays had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"Love Train\" in 1972. The Ohio Players had 2 #1 Hot 100 hits, including the funk song \"Love Rollercoaster\" in 1976. Wild Cherry had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"Play That Funky Music\" also in 1976. Bone Thugs-n-Harmony had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"Tha Crossroads\" in 1996. John Legend had a #1 Hot 100 hit with \"All of Me\" in 2014. Bo Donaldson and The Heywoods had a #1",
"psg_id": "2066348"
},
{
"title": "Hit That",
"text": "the UK Singles Chart (No. 13 and No. 11 respectively) and No. 64 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. The song also topped the \"Billboard\" Modern Rock Tracks chart, proving to be one of their most successful singles since the 1990s. This was the first time an Offspring song would hit No. 1 on that chart since their breakthrough single \"Come Out and Play\" was released a decade earlier in 1994. The music video for the song, directed by John Williams and David Lea, depicts a blue computer-generated (but green-screened over live-action footage) man's hunt for his runaway dog; the two",
"psg_id": "5365060"
},
{
"title": "60s 70s 80s",
"text": "(Japan) Billboard Japan Chart \"60s 70s 80s\" has been certified platinum for shipments of over 250,000 by the Recording Industry Association of Japan. 60s 70s 80s 60s 70s 80s is a triple A-side single, Namie Amuro's 33rd solo single under the Avex Trax label. It was released in CD and CD&DVD formats on March 12, 2008, 11 months since her previous single \"Funky Town\", and nearly nine months after her successful album \"Play\". This single continues her successful comeback, as it had her highest first week sales since 2000's \"Never End\" even at a time when CD single sales are",
"psg_id": "11503219"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "The track was also a hit in Canada, reaching No.11 on the hit parade for Toronto radio station CHUM, the country's most influential rock music broadcaster (national charts for Canada were not published during the chart run of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\"). A scout for English record producer George Martin discovered \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" when Warwick's version took off in the United States, suggesting to Martin that the song would be a strong UK single for Shirley Bassey. However, Martin saw the song as a vehicle for Cilla Black, the Liverpool vocalist whose star potential had yet",
"psg_id": "8026220"
},
{
"title": "Funky Broadway",
"text": "Funky Broadway \"Funky Broadway\" is a song written by Arlester \"Dyke\" Christian. It was originally recorded by his band, Dyke & the Blazers, in 1967, and was made into a hit by Wilson Pickett that same year. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Singles chart and number eight on its Hot 100 chart. The song is notable as being the first charted single with the word \"Funky\" in the title as well as being prototypical funk music itself. The song was recorded in Muscle Shoals, February 1, 1967 and produced by Jerry Wexler. The \"Broadway\" referred",
"psg_id": "12532023"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "\"Billboard\" reported that the sales tally for Black's \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" was nearing one million units. Internationally, Black's version also reached No.1 in Ireland, New Zealand and South Africa. In The Netherlands the song reached the No.6 position and in Australia it peaked at No.34. In May 2010, research published by BBC Radio 2 revealed that \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" by Cilla Black was the biggest female UK chart hit of the 1960s. Despite the international success and recognition of Warwick's original version, the besting in Great Britain by Black's version has long been a sore point",
"psg_id": "8026223"
},
{
"title": "Everything I Play Is Funky",
"text": "sound stiff, but the grooves here — which feature many of the same players — are consistently limber and unforced. And, typical of the style, the grooves (not adventurous improvisation) are what make the album tick... This is the sort of record that modern-day Donaldson disciples like the Sugarman Three cherish, and one of his few truly consistent efforts in this style. Recommended wholeheartedly to funk and rare-groove fans\". All compositions by Lou Donaldson except as noted \"Recorded on August 22, 1969 (4-5) and January 9, 1970 (1-3 & 6).\" Everything I Play Is Funky Everything I Play is Funky",
"psg_id": "14088883"
},
{
"title": "The Games That Daddies Play",
"text": "the truth – both son and mother are victims of \"another kind of game that daddies play\", in his case his father abandoning the family six years earlier. The Games That Daddies Play \"The Games That Daddies Play\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in July 1976 as the first single from his \"Greatest Hits 2\" album. A song about a boy who—while raised by a single mother—longs for a father figure in his life, \"The Games That Daddies Play\" was Twitty's 17th No. 1 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot",
"psg_id": "14125967"
},
{
"title": "Funky 4 + 1",
"text": "Funky 4 + 1 Funky 4 + 1 was an American hip hop group from The Bronx, New York. They were the first hip hop group to receive a recording deal, and the first to perform live on national television. The group was also notable for being the first to have a female MC. \"That's the Joint\" was interpolated from A Taste of Honey's \"Rescue Me\". Music critic Robert Christgau of \"The Village Voice\" named it the best song of the 1980s. In his 1981 review of the single, Christgau gave it an A rating and wrote of its musical",
"psg_id": "7029681"
},
{
"title": "The Games That Daddies Play",
"text": "The Games That Daddies Play \"The Games That Daddies Play\" is a song written and recorded by American country music artist Conway Twitty. It was released in July 1976 as the first single from his \"Greatest Hits 2\" album. A song about a boy who—while raised by a single mother—longs for a father figure in his life, \"The Games That Daddies Play\" was Twitty's 17th No. 1 hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles chart in October 1976. Its one-week atop the chart was part of an 11-week run in the Hot Country Singles chart's top 40. The song talks",
"psg_id": "14125965"
},
{
"title": "Funky Days!",
"text": "Umi Monogata~\" was included, as was a 2003 remix of their debut song \"Manatsu no Magic.\" The 2003 remix was done by AKIRA, who created the side-project PALM DRIVE. While the music video was released for syndication upon the single's release, it did not become available to purchase until the release of their first video compilation, \"Lead Movies 1\", in September of that year. \"Funky Days!\" was written and composed by musical composer Shinji Tamura, with lyrics written by lyricist Atsuyuki Enokido. The song carried both elements of pop and hip-hop music. The coupling track, \"All My Life ~Manatsu no",
"psg_id": "20413141"
},
{
"title": "Funky Melody",
"text": "was the most successful single from the album, and also the last single from Stevie B to achieve great success, reaching No. 29 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the US. The track \"Funky Melody\" reached No. 30 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart. Funky Melody Funky Melody is the fifth studio album from freestyle music singer Stevie B, released on November 1, 1994 by Thump Records. It includes the singles \"Funky Melody\", \"Dream About You\" and \"If You Still Love Me\". In Japan, the album was released on June 7, 1995, under the name \"Dream About You\", and includes",
"psg_id": "17426115"
},
{
"title": "Too Funky",
"text": "Funky\" peaked at number 6 on the \"RPM\" singles chart. \"Too Funky\" reached number 3 on the Dutch Top 40. Too Funky \"Too Funky\" is a song written and performed by English singer George Michael and released by Columbia Records in the United States and Epic Records elsewhere in 1992. \"Too Funky\" was Michael's final single for his recording contract with Sony Music before he started legal action to extricate himself from his contract. \"Too Funky\" had been initially earmarked for a follow-up to the album \"Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1\" but Michael shelved the idea, instead donating it, along",
"psg_id": "6527885"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "sung the standard lyric in live performance. Also, arranger Johnny Pearson utilized a bassoon solo for the instrumental break in Black's version as opposed to the saxophone utilized in the Warwick original. Cilla Black, interviewed for that \"Great Performances\" telecast, expressed her awareness of Warwick's disenchantment: \"It was a No.1; Dionne was dead choked and she's never forgiven me to this day.\" It was in fact Burt Bacharach himself who backed Cilla to record this song for a British release, after Dionne Warwick had a hit in America with it. \"At one point it looked as if Shirley Bassey would",
"psg_id": "8026225"
},
{
"title": "Music for the People (Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch album)",
"text": "the People\". Peaks: Music for the People (Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch album) Music for the People is the debut album by American hip hop group Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, released on July 23, 1991. The album was a success, reaching #1 on the Top Heatseekers Albums chart, and #21 on the \"Billboard\" 200, thanks to the hit single, \"Good Vibrations\". Alongside \"Good Vibrations\", the album spawned an additional top-ten single, \"Wildside\" (#10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100), as well as the minor hits, \"Peace\" and \"I Need Money\". The album was certified platinum by the RIAA",
"psg_id": "10777597"
},
{
"title": "Music for the People (Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch album)",
"text": "Music for the People (Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch album) Music for the People is the debut album by American hip hop group Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch, released on July 23, 1991. The album was a success, reaching #1 on the Top Heatseekers Albums chart, and #21 on the \"Billboard\" 200, thanks to the hit single, \"Good Vibrations\". Alongside \"Good Vibrations\", the album spawned an additional top-ten single, \"Wildside\" (#10 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100), as well as the minor hits, \"Peace\" and \"I Need Money\". The album was certified platinum by the RIAA on January 14,",
"psg_id": "10777592"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "Black's versions of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" were released as singles: Warwick's version rose as high as No.11 while Black's peak was No.34. Warwick had the hit with \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" in Belgium (Flemish Region), the Netherlands and South Africa, reaching No.4 in each territory. Petula Clark was on the roster of Pye Records, Warwick's UK label, and therefore in a position to almost immediately cover \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" in several foreign language versions for the international market. Clark reached No.7 in France with \"Ceux Qui Ont Un Coeur\" in the spring of 1964 then",
"psg_id": "8026230"
},
{
"title": "Hit Music",
"text": "Hit Music Hit Music was a weekly British chart newsletter; sister publication to \"Music Week\". \"Hit Music\" existed for almost nine years, supplying the official UK music charts (as compiled by Gallup and later OCC/CIN). The founding editors were Graham Walker and Tony Brown. The first issue was published 5.09.1992 (chart date: 12.09.1992), the last issue 5.05.2001 (no. 439). Originally it ran parallel to \"Music Week\"′s other chart newsletter \"ChartsPlus\" (edited also by Graham Walker and Tony Brown), which had been established in May 1991, shortly after the demise of \"Record Mirror\". \"ChartsPlus\" featured the singles chart with positions 76",
"psg_id": "5908766"
},
{
"title": "Too Funky",
"text": "Too Funky \"Too Funky\" is a song written and performed by English singer George Michael and released by Columbia Records in the United States and Epic Records elsewhere in 1992. \"Too Funky\" was Michael's final single for his recording contract with Sony Music before he started legal action to extricate himself from his contract. \"Too Funky\" had been initially earmarked for a follow-up to the album \"Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1\" but Michael shelved the idea, instead donating it, along with two other songs, to the project \"Red Hot + Dance\", which raised money for AIDS awareness. Michael subsequently donated",
"psg_id": "6527877"
},
{
"title": "The Hit Music Network",
"text": "Network was renowned for its high rotation of songs and tight presentation. The presenters often ensured the most number of songs possible was played in an hour. This was a direct contrast to the BBCs CHR station Radio 1, where the presenters stop music and have longer 'personality' links, as opposed to the speedlinks of the Hit Music Network. Unlike Radio 1, the network did not play alternative, rock or classic hits music. On Monday 3 January 2011, all Hit Music Network & Galaxy Network stations were rebranded as \"Capital FM\", forming a new Capital FM Network. All programming with",
"psg_id": "13407096"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song) \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" is a song written by Burt Bacharach (music) and Hal David (lyrics) for Dionne Warwick in 1963. In January 1964, Warwick's original recording hit the Top Ten in the United States, Canada, Spain, Netherlands, South Africa, Belgium and Australia. In the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland and New Zealand, Warwick's recording lost out to a cover version by Cilla Black. Black's version was a UK number-one hit for three weeks in February/March 1964 and was also the fourth best-selling single of 1964 in the UK, with sales of",
"psg_id": "8026215"
},
{
"title": "Hit Music",
"text": "The last issue published was no. 439 (5.05.2001). \"Hit Music\" folded together with several other \"Music Week\" newsletters. By autumn 2001, a successor publication to \"Hit Music\" was founded, independent of \"Music Week\", in order to publish the British Top 200 charts: \"ChartsPlus\" (\"Charts+Plus\", not to be confused with the 1990s publication mentioned above), which is now called \"UKChartsPlus\". Hit Music Hit Music was a weekly British chart newsletter; sister publication to \"Music Week\". \"Hit Music\" existed for almost nine years, supplying the official UK music charts (as compiled by Gallup and later OCC/CIN). The founding editors were Graham Walker",
"psg_id": "5908769"
},
{
"title": "Funky Junction",
"text": "Funky Junction Funky Junction were an Irish rock band formed in 1972 specifically to record a single album of songs made famous by British band Deep Purple, which was released as \"Funky Junction Play a Tribute to Deep Purple\" in January 1973. Among the band's lineup were all three members of the early 1970s incarnation of Thin Lizzy. The project was brought about by a German businessman named Leo Muller, who contacted Irish group Thin Lizzy to record the album. Muller was in fact an alias used by Dave Miller, a record producer and proprietor of several budget music companies.",
"psg_id": "12465566"
},
{
"title": "Funky Melody",
"text": "Funky Melody Funky Melody is the fifth studio album from freestyle music singer Stevie B, released on November 1, 1994 by Thump Records. It includes the singles \"Funky Melody\", \"Dream About You\" and \"If You Still Love Me\". In Japan, the album was released on June 7, 1995, under the name \"Dream About You\", and includes three bonus tracks. The album remained on the chart for two weeks in Japan, peaking at 92. In Canada, the album reached No. 29. \"Dream About You\" and \"Waiting For Your Love\" are popular in the Philippines as well. The single, \"Dream About You\",",
"psg_id": "17426114"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "No.5 in Italy with \"Quelli che hanno un cuore\" that September; in October 1964 Clark reached No.1 in Spain - for a two-week period - with \"Tú no tienes corazón\". The success of Petula Clark's translated version of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" did not preclude the Dionne Warwick original reaching No.7 in Spain; Warwick's version also charted in France at No.57 and in Italy at No.30. In Germany, Clark's specialized cover, \"Alles ist nun vorbei\", was assigned a tandem chart ranking with both the Dionne Warwick and the Cilla Black versions of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" by with",
"psg_id": "8026231"
},
{
"title": "Bryan Bassett",
"text": "Bryan Bassett Bryan Bassett (born August 11, 1954) is an American guitarist who has played with several notable bands but is probably best known as a member of Wild Cherry in the 1970s who had a hit with \"Play That Funky Music.\" Bryan was born on August 11, 1954 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He began playing with some local Pittsburgh bands in the late 1960s and early 1970s before joining Wild Cherry in 1975 which was actually a reformation of a popular local Ohio band led by vocalist/guitarist Rob Parissi. They recorded the hit \"Play That Funky Music\" that same year.",
"psg_id": "14727517"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "chart for the following week at No.42; by then Black's version had reached No.10, ascending in the subsequent two weeks to No.2 and then No.1, while Warwick's version concurrently ended its chart run with two weeks at No.47. On the chart dated 29 February 1964, besides Black's \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" at No.1 for the first of three weeks and Warwick's version in its final chart week at No.47, the UK Top 50 featured a third version of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" as the version by Mary May made its one-week appearance at No.49. On 25 April 1964,",
"psg_id": "8026222"
},
{
"title": "Nester's Funky Bowling",
"text": "of \"almost five percent\" bowling games was a poor decision. Allgame's Scott Alan Marriott called it a fun game for the Virtual Boy, praising the graphics but bemoaning the lack of replay value due to few modes of play and no save function. Wired's Chris Kohler stated that \"Nester's Funky Bowling\" had increased in price over time. Nester's Funky Bowling Nester's Funky Bowling is a bowling video game developed by Saffire Corporation and published by Nintendo for the Virtual Boy handheld game console. It was only released in North America on February 26, 1996, and it was the second-last game",
"psg_id": "7974018"
},
{
"title": "Funky Drummer",
"text": "this tune is 'The Funky Drummer', 'The Funky Drummer', 'The Funky Drummer'.\" The recording ends with a reprise of Stubblefield's solo and a fade-out. \"The Funky Drummer\" is also sometimes used as a nickname for Stubblefield himself, who capitalized on the name with his 1997 album \"Revenge of the Funky Drummer\". As a session drummer, Stubblefield received no further compensation for the many samples that were taken from the recording. More than one mix of \"Funky Drummer\" was made around the time it was recorded, including one with tambourine and another with vocal percussion by Brown and trombonist Fred Wesley;",
"psg_id": "2154588"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "around 950,000 copies. Petula Clark also recorded \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" in several foreign language versions for the international market. Clark reached No.7 in France with \"Ceux Qui Ont Un Coeur\" in the spring of 1964, then No.5 in Italy with \"Quelli che hanno un cuore\" that September. In October 1964, Clark reached No.1 in Spain - for a two-week period - with \"Tú no tienes corazón\". \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" was presented to Dionne Warwick in unfinished form while she, Burt Bacharach and Hal David were rehearsing in Bacharach's Manhattan apartment for an upcoming recording session. Bacharach",
"psg_id": "8026216"
},
{
"title": "Funky G",
"text": "Funky G Funky G is a popular Serbian dance duo. The duo comprises Marina (vocals) and Gagi Đogani (born Gazmend Đogaj). Gagi, who is the leader of the band, is a brother of Đole Đogani who is a leader of yet another famous Serbian dance music group, Đogani. Until 2009 Anabela Atijas, Gagi's ex-wife, was a member of the group. Funky G were one of the first music groups promoting dance music in the region. They became famous with their song \"\"Samo u Snu\"\" (\"Only In a Dream\"), launching a dance music scene in the former Yugoslavia to new levels",
"psg_id": "10261941"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "to be realized despite her association with The Beatles, her recording of the Lennon-McCartney original \"Love of the Loved\" having been only a modest hit (No.35). Martin produced the session for Black's recording of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" at Abbey Road Studios; the arrangement was by Johnny Pearson and the session personnel included guitarists Vic Flick and Big Jim Sullivan and The Breakaways vocal group. Black's single of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" debuted at No.28 on the UK Top 50 dated 8 February 1964. The Dionne Warwick original, issued by Scepter's UK licensee Pye Records, debuted on the",
"psg_id": "8026221"
},
{
"title": "Absolute Radio 60s",
"text": "presenting on Absolute Radio 60s, stressed that the station would not adopt a \"gold\" format, but would instead play tracks by those who had had an influence on the musicians of the present day. According to \"The Guardian\" the Absolute Radio 60s aim is to combine \"the \"swinging 60s\" with \"the sound of young America\".\" During the launch of AR60s, Richard was banned from the station's playlist, according to presenter Pete Michell, because he \"doesn't fit the cool sound of the swinging sixties we're trying to create on the new station\" and he's not one of the 'timeless acts of",
"psg_id": "16674341"
},
{
"title": "Funky 4 + 1",
"text": "group was subsequently asked by Harry to open up for Blondie on tour, but were forbidden to do so by Sugarhill Records' CEO, Sylvia Robinson. In 2008, its song \"That's The Joint\" was ranked number 41 on VH1's 100 Greatest Songs of Hip Hop. Funky 4 + 1 Funky 4 + 1 was an American hip hop group from The Bronx, New York. They were the first hip hop group to receive a recording deal, and the first to perform live on national television. The group was also notable for being the first to have a female MC. \"That's the",
"psg_id": "7029683"
},
{
"title": "Fantasy No. 1 with Fugue (Mozart)",
"text": "Fantasy No. 1 with Fugue (Mozart) Fantasy No. 1 with fugue in C major, K. 394 (\"Fantasie\" in German) is a piece of music for solo piano composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in 1782. The fantasy begins with an \"adagio\" tempo indication. The opening bars feature strong dynamic contrasts. (\"Forte\" in bar 1 suddenly changes to \"Piano\" in bar 2). The opening \"adagio\" changes to \"andante\" 8 bars later; at this point the right hand starts playing triplet semiquavers, whilst the left hand moves above the right hand for rising quaver arpeggios and then back down to play a descending",
"psg_id": "16206107"
},
{
"title": "Pink Funky",
"text": "the music video, which went viral on Facebook and \"sent shockwaves through the K-pop scene\", according to Yonhap's Chung Joo-won. Scott Interrante, writing for \"PopMatters\", said the album \"features a more polished mainstream sound while retaining the focus of [Mamamoo's] powerful vocals\". Pink Funky Pink Funky is the third extended play by South Korean girl group Mamamoo. It was released by Rainbow Bridge World on June 19, 2015 and distributed by CJ E&M Music. It contains six songs, including the singles \"Ahh Oop!\" (a collaboration with Esna) and \"Um Oh Ah Yeh\". The album was the group's most successful to",
"psg_id": "19474804"
},
{
"title": "Funky Kingston",
"text": "number 378 on \"Rolling Stone's\" list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time. \"Funky Kingston\" acknowledged American rhythm and blues with covers of songs by Ike Turner and Shep and the Limelites, along with a reggae take on Richard Berry's composition, \"Louie Louie\". The track \"Funky Kingston\" came from a suggestion by producer Chris Blackwell who noted the success of The Beginning of the End's 1971 semi-crossover hit \"Funky Nassau\". In 1975, a revised version of the album was released in the United States. It kept only three tracks from the Jamaican album, substituting six taken from the follow-up",
"psg_id": "10134793"
},
{
"title": "Such a Funky Thang!",
"text": "Impressed with their performance, Kubota requested that George Duke produce his upcoming album. Kubota also requested the vocals of Lynn Davis, of the George Duke Band, on his album. Kubota and Davis eventually began writing songs together, with Duke producing most of the songs. Davis penned her background vocals on most of the album's songs including \"Dance If You Want It\", \"Love Reborn\", \"Gone, Gone, Gone\", \"Boxer\", \"Drunkard Terry\", \"I Remember A Dream\"; and featured on \"Indigo Waltz\", \"Such a Funky Thang!\", and \"Such a Funky Thang! (Reprise)\". The album was released on September 30, 1988 by Sony Music Entertainment",
"psg_id": "16709147"
},
{
"title": "Funky Days!",
"text": "no Magic\", \"Show me the way\" and \"Fly Away,\" and who composed much of the music from their \"Life On Da Beat\" album. Yasushi has also worked predominately with the female vocal group MAX. Their other efforts include Hitomi Shimatani, Aya Matsuura and MISIA. Lead Official Site Funky Days! Funky Days! (ファンキーデイズ!) is the fourth domestic single by Japanese hip-hop group Lead, released on July 30, 2003. It was their first to be released after their debut studio album \"Life On Da Beat,\" bringing in their new era of \"Brand New Era\" (2004). The single charted well on the Oricon",
"psg_id": "20413143"
},
{
"title": "Funky Days!",
"text": "Umi Monogata~,\" was written and composed by Yasushi Sasamoto. \"Funky Days!\" was written and composed by musical composer Shinji Tamura, with lyrics written by Atsuyuki Enokido. Atsuyuki has written lyrics for the comedy group No Plan, who occasionally perform music, Mitsuo Iwata and Abe Natsumi. Shinji Tamura is most well-known for composing the music for Namco games, most notably \"Tales of Phantasia\" (1999), which is part of the \"Tales of...\" role-playing video game series. The coupling track, \"All My Life ~Manatsu no Umi Monogata~,\" was written and composed by Yasushi Sasamoto, who worked with Lead on their previous songs, \"Manatsu",
"psg_id": "20413142"
},
{
"title": "1 More Hit",
"text": "and tobacco use and addiction. The filmmaker updated the documentary in 2011 when it was picked up for digital release by Gravitas Ventures. It released digitally over 16.5 million homes. The doc had its ON DEMAND premiere in January 2012 and is available on DVD through Smart Girl Productions. All appearing as themselves. 1 More Hit 1 More Hit is a documentary film by Shauna Garr. It follows the life of hip hop producer J-Swift, formerly of The Pharcyde, from homelessness and crack addiction to his mission to win back his life and music career. 1 More Hit screened at",
"psg_id": "7783273"
},
{
"title": "Such a Funky Thang!",
"text": "Such a Funky Thang! Such a Funky Thang! is the third album of Japanese singer Toshinobu Kubota, released on September 30, 1988. The album peaked at number one and was certified million. According to Sony Music Entertainment Japan's annual report, the album was Kubota's highest-selling album to date as well as the best-selling album in 1988 for CBS/Sony Group. Kubota began recording the album in 1987. In October 1987, Kubota performed at Japan's charity event \"Japan Aid 2nd Festival\" in Showa Kinen Park, Tokyo, Japan. During the concert, Kubota was introduced to the George Duke Band who were also performing.",
"psg_id": "16709146"
},
{
"title": "Funky Dragon",
"text": "to close down in 2014. Funky Dragon Funky Dragon () was the Children and Young People's Assembly for Wales. It was a peer-led organisation which provided opportunities for young people up to the age of 25 to have their voices heard on issues that affected them. It worked closely with the Welsh Assembly Government and youth forums run by unitary authorities, enabling it to influence decision making at different political levels. The Welsh government stopped funding the organisation in 2014. Deprived of their main financial support, Funky Dragon had no other choice but stop. Funky Dragon is a peer-led organisation.",
"psg_id": "5391091"
},
{
"title": "Funky Dragon",
"text": "Funky Dragon Funky Dragon () was the Children and Young People's Assembly for Wales. It was a peer-led organisation which provided opportunities for young people up to the age of 25 to have their voices heard on issues that affected them. It worked closely with the Welsh Assembly Government and youth forums run by unitary authorities, enabling it to influence decision making at different political levels. The Welsh government stopped funding the organisation in 2014. Deprived of their main financial support, Funky Dragon had no other choice but stop. Funky Dragon is a peer-led organisation. It aims to give 0",
"psg_id": "5391081"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "Olympic Studios on 21 January 1964. The Breakaways – who sang on Cilla Black's \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" - also sing on Springfield's recording. Shirley Bassey, the vocalist for whom \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" was brought to the UK, recorded it only in 1978 for her \"The Magic Is You\" album with veteran producer Nick DeCaro. He had previously produced a version by Vikki Carr included on the 1968 album \"The Way of Today!\". The 1982 B.E.F. album \"Music of Quality and Distinction, Vol. 1\" featured a rendering of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" by Sandie Shaw, marking",
"psg_id": "8026234"
},
{
"title": "Hit Music",
"text": "year-to-date charts (singles, albums, singles acts, album acts, Top 30s) listings of BPI awards, and number ones. From issue no. 36 (5.06.1993) \"Hit Music\" printed the E.R.A. Top 100 Airplay charts, and from 8.01.1994 (issue no. 66) the Top 40 Network Chart (later called The Pepsi Chart). In November 1994 \"Charts Plus\" ceased publication and from issue no. 111 (19.11.1994) Hit Music printed the (uncompressed) Top 200 Singles, Top 150 Artists Albums and Top 50 Compilations. From issue no. 211 (2.11.1996) the Artist Albums chart extended to a Top 200. Top 100 Airplay chart was dropped from issue 294 (20.06.1998).",
"psg_id": "5908768"
},
{
"title": "Groove (music)",
"text": "about \"the groove.\" In the 1950s, Mann \"locked into a Brazilian groove in the early '60s, then moved into a funky, soulful groove in the late '60s and early '70s. By the mid-'70s he was making hit disco records, still cooking in a rhythmic groove.\" He describes his approach to finding the groove as follows: \"All you have to do is find the waves that are comfortable to float on top of.\" Mann argues that the \"epitome of a groove record\" is \"\"Memphis Underground\" or \"Push Push\"\", because the \"rhythm section [is] locked all in one perception.\" In Jamaican reggae,",
"psg_id": "2129222"
},
{
"title": "Pink Funky",
"text": "by Rainbow Bridge World's CEO Kim Do-hoon. \"Um Oh Ah Yeh\" was written by Kim and three of the Mamamoo members—Solar, Moonbyul, and Hwasa. It is a \"funky\" R&B dance song with elements of 1990s synthpop. Lyrically, the song is about a girl who is in love with a man who is actually another girl. \"Freakin Shoes\" is a trap and hip hop song written by Hwasa, with music co-composed by Kim and Seo Jae-woo. \"A Little Bit\" is a pop ballad and \"Self Camera\" is a medium tempo R&B song. \"No No No\", written by Seo Yong-bae and Park",
"psg_id": "19474801"
},
{
"title": "The Woman Who Had No Shadow",
"text": "The Woman Who Had No Shadow \"The Woman Who Had No Shadow\" is a Scandinavian fairy tale, included by Sven Grundtvig in \"Gamle danske Minder i Folkemunde\" and Ella Ohlson in \"Sagor från Ångermanland\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 755, Sin and grace. A woman, wishing to have no children, threw rocks into a well at a witch's direction. Thereafter, she had no shadow. Her husband, the parson, demanded to know why and threw her out, saying that their slate roof would blossom with flowers before she was forgiven. One day, a beggar woman sought refuge there; she died in the",
"psg_id": "14822434"
},
{
"title": "Pink Funky",
"text": "Pink Funky Pink Funky is the third extended play by South Korean girl group Mamamoo. It was released by Rainbow Bridge World on June 19, 2015 and distributed by CJ E&M Music. It contains six songs, including the singles \"Ahh Oop!\" (a collaboration with Esna) and \"Um Oh Ah Yeh\". The album was the group's most successful to date, debuting at number six on the Gaon Album Chart and selling more than 13,000 units. Musically, the album is a mix of genres including R&B, hip hop, and funk. On April 2, 2015, Mamamoo released a surprise collaboration single with Esna,",
"psg_id": "19474798"
},
{
"title": "Opus No. 1",
"text": "a big hit for the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra in 1944. Opus No. 1 Opus No. 1 may refer to at least 2 distinctly different pieces of music. The 1943 Sy Oliver piece is spoken of below but it is also the title of the standard on hold music for Cisco phone systems composed by Tim Carleton and Darrick Deel. These are different pieces of music. \"Opus No. 1\" is a popular song, composed in 1943 by Sy Oliver, with lyrics by Sid Garris. The tune is often titled \"Opus One\", or \"Opus #1\". It has become a standard song in",
"psg_id": "11510751"
},
{
"title": "Funky G",
"text": "(often blending it with folk elements). On 29 April 2009, Anabela and Gagi Djogani divorced. In 2011, Ana Rich replaced Anabela, but she left it after a year. In 2012, Marina replaced Ana. Non-Album Singles: Funky G Funky G is a popular Serbian dance duo. The duo comprises Marina (vocals) and Gagi Đogani (born Gazmend Đogaj). Gagi, who is the leader of the band, is a brother of Đole Đogani who is a leader of yet another famous Serbian dance music group, Đogani. Until 2009 Anabela Atijas, Gagi's ex-wife, was a member of the group. Funky G were one of",
"psg_id": "10261942"
},
{
"title": "Funky Elephant",
"text": "Funky Elephant Funky Elephant is an annual springtime music festival in Helsinki, Finland. It's dedicated to a vast variety of styles within black rhythm music. Genres represented include funk, soul, Hip hop, jazz, Latin, reggae, afrobeat etc. Funky Elephant has been organized since 1994. The festival is held at Tavastia Club and its smaller sub-club downstairs, Semifinal. The clubs are located in the very center of Helsinki. During the years, the festival has had such performers as Plus, many highly acclaimed DJs of the genre. Overall, the festival has had over 100 live performances and over 70 DJs. The organizer",
"psg_id": "7542552"
},
{
"title": "1 More Hit",
"text": "1 More Hit 1 More Hit is a documentary film by Shauna Garr. It follows the life of hip hop producer J-Swift, formerly of The Pharcyde, from homelessness and crack addiction to his mission to win back his life and music career. 1 More Hit screened at SXSW in 2007. The documentary highlighted J-Swift’s charismatic personality and fighting his addiction to rebuild his recording career. In 2008, the festival version was nominated for a PRISM Award by the Entertainment Industries Council (EIC), in recognition of an outstanding contribution that demonstrates the entertainment industry's sincere efforts to accurately depict drug, alcohol",
"psg_id": "7783272"
},
{
"title": "Funky Elephant",
"text": "is Funky Amigos, which is a non-profit association. Its aim is to enhance the status of modern rhythm music scene and its artists in Finland. In wider prospect, Funky Amigos also wants to encourage multi-culturality and tolerance. Other Funky Amigos' events include Besides these, Funky Amigos randomly organizes other events depending on its resources. The goal is to have some kind of activity going on all year-round. Funky Elephant Funky Elephant is an annual springtime music festival in Helsinki, Finland. It's dedicated to a vast variety of styles within black rhythm music. Genres represented include funk, soul, Hip hop, jazz,",
"psg_id": "7542553"
},
{
"title": "Funky Worm",
"text": "G-Funk music. N.W.A notably sampled \"Funky Worm\" on their songs \"Gangsta Gangsta\" and \"Dopeman\". Ice Cube sampled \"Funky Worm\" for his songs \"Wicked\" and \"'Ghetto Bird\", duo Kris Kross' 1992 single \"Jump\", Lil' ½ Dead's 1994 song \"East Side, West Side\", Tim Dog's single \"Skip to my loot (featuring Smooth B), DJ Jazzy Jeff and the Fresh Prince's 1993 hit \"Boom! Shake the Room\", and Ruff Ryders 1999 song \"Bugout\" also samples the song. It was also sampled in De La Soul's \"Me, Myself, & I\", off their 1989 album \"3 Feet High And Rising\". It was also sampled for",
"psg_id": "11180259"
},
{
"title": "Funky Kingston",
"text": "began to change in 1972 with the release of the seminal film \"The Harder They Come\" (1972), which became a cult hit that year in the UK, with its soundtrack featuring two numbers by the Maytals. The Maytals had been consistent hit makers in Jamaica during the 1960s, and had even given the genre its name with their single \"Do the Reggay\". As he would with the Wailers the following year, producer Chris Blackwell tailored the Maytals for the international market on this album. The title track, \"Funky Kingston\", appears in the \"\" video game soundtrack, on the fictitious radio",
"psg_id": "10134795"
},
{
"title": "Coolie No. 1 (1995 film)",
"text": "of Coolie No. 1 was a rage when it released. Although producer of Tips films Vashu Bhagnani and director David Dhawan were extremely confident that \"Husn Hain Suhana\", rendered by Abhijeet and Chandana Dixit would be the selling factor of the album, it was the song \"Main To Raste Se Ja Raha Tha\" that did the trick. The music of Coolie No. 1 strengthened Anand-Milind and Govinda/David Dhawan's track record of coming up with super hit music with each outing. Coolie No. 1 (1995 film) Coolie No. 1 is a 1995 Indian Hindi comedy film directed by David Dhawan. The",
"psg_id": "14132740"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "with Warwick. In a 1995 edition of \"Great Performances\" which saluted Burt Bacharach, Warwick stated that Black's version of \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" replicated Warwick's to the point where had Warwick coughed while recording her vocal for the original track or had that track's organist hit a wrong note, those features would have been present on Black's cover. In fact - whether intentionally or not - Black's original recording features distinct lyrics on the chorus with Black singing \"who couldn't be another heart\" rather than the original and standard lyric \"you couldn't really have a heart\": Black has always",
"psg_id": "8026224"
},
{
"title": "Funky Broadway",
"text": "to in the title of the original Dyke and the Blazers song is Broadway in Buffalo, New York as well as Broadway Road in Phoenix, Arizona. Funky Broadway \"Funky Broadway\" is a song written by Arlester \"Dyke\" Christian. It was originally recorded by his band, Dyke & the Blazers, in 1967, and was made into a hit by Wilson Pickett that same year. The song reached number one on the \"Billboard\" Hot Soul Singles chart and number eight on its Hot 100 chart. The song is notable as being the first charted single with the word \"Funky\" in the title",
"psg_id": "12532024"
},
{
"title": "UK funky",
"text": "to chart in the UK. UK funky UK funky (sometimes known as UKF or funky) is a genre of dance music from the United Kingdom that is heavily influenced by soulful house, Afrobeat, soca, tribal house, broken beat, grime and UK garage. Typically, UK funky blends beats, bass loops and synths with African and Latin percussion in the dem bow rhythm and contemporary R&B-style vocals. UK funky uses tempos of around 130bpm. Drum patterns vary between tracks, using either \"4 to the floor\" or a syncopated style. The drum patterns commonly also include percussion playing African inspired rhythms. Instrumentation varies",
"psg_id": "12931544"
},
{
"title": "UK funky",
"text": "UK funky UK funky (sometimes known as UKF or funky) is a genre of dance music from the United Kingdom that is heavily influenced by soulful house, Afrobeat, soca, tribal house, broken beat, grime and UK garage. Typically, UK funky blends beats, bass loops and synths with African and Latin percussion in the dem bow rhythm and contemporary R&B-style vocals. UK funky uses tempos of around 130bpm. Drum patterns vary between tracks, using either \"4 to the floor\" or a syncopated style. The drum patterns commonly also include percussion playing African inspired rhythms. Instrumentation varies widely, but drum machines and",
"psg_id": "12931541"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "the Land of Make Believe\" and included session drummer Gary Chester. According to published reports, Warwick nailed the tune in only one take – though an alternative remix of the take appears on a compilation album released in 1976 by Springboard International. Released on the Scepter label in November 1963, \"Anyone Who Had a Heart\" broke in Detroit, where it reached No.1 that December. The track became Warwick's first Top Ten single in January 1964, peaking at No.8 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and the \"Cash Box\" Pop 100 that February, also reaching No.6 on the \"Cash Box\" R&B chart.",
"psg_id": "8026219"
},
{
"title": "Don't Play That Song Again",
"text": "had accrued a vote tally of 28 points to earn sixteenth place in a field of twenty-four - the worst ever showing for a UK entry up to that time. \"Don't Play That Song Again\" reached No.34 on the UK Charts, the lowest chart placing for a British Eurovision entry since 1989. Don't Play That Song Again \"Don't Play That Song Again\" was the UK entry for the 2000 Eurovision Song Contest. The song was performed by Nicki French, already a well-known name, having had a worldwide hit in 1995 with a cover of Bonnie Tyler's \"Total Eclipse of the",
"psg_id": "10694529"
},
{
"title": "Funky Snakefoot",
"text": "virtually anything else the label ever released, but there's no denying the ferocity or virtuosity of this music\". Funky Snakefoot Funky Snakefoot is the second album by American jazz drummer Alphonse Mouzon recorded in 1973 and released on the Blue Note label. The AllMusic review by Jason Ankeny awarded the album 4½ stars stating \"Alphonse Mouzon is celebrated largely for his drumming skills, the brilliant \"Funky Snakefoot\" is first and foremost a showcase for his keyboard prowess. Galvanized by its thick, greasy Arp, Moog, and organ solos, the album recalls Blue Note contemporaries like Gene Harris, albeit augmented by Mouzon's",
"psg_id": "15230894"
},
{
"title": "Funky Divas",
"text": "1992, the \"Funky Divas\" album was already certified triple platinum in the US by the RIAA. The single gave the group another UK Top 40 hit (No. 22). The fifth and final single released from \"Funky Divas\" was \"Love Don't Love You\", which was remixed for its release. The video for the single consists of clips from previous En Vogue videos \"Giving Him Something He Can Feel\", \"Free Your Mind\", as well as two of their 1990 videos \"Lies\" and \"You Don't Have to Worry\". A second edition of the album containing the later hits \"Runaway Love\" and \"Whatta Man\"",
"psg_id": "4102034"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Had No Idea",
"text": "The Man Who Had No Idea \"The Man Who Had No Idea\" is a 1978 science fiction story by Thomas M. Disch. It was first published in \"The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction\". In a world where licenses are required in order to participate in conversation, Barry Riordan risks failing his exam because he cannot think of anything original. \"The Man Who Had No Idea\" was a finalist for the 1979 Hugo Award for Best Novelette John Sladek considered it to depict \"delightful problems\". \"Kirkus Reviews\" noted that it \"say(s) a great deal about our expectations of ourselves and",
"psg_id": "20768168"
},
{
"title": "Funky Monkey Babys",
"text": "Funky Monkey Babys Their music is mostly hip hop, but is also inspired by pop and rock music. All members in the group are from Hachiōji, Tokyo. They are known for featuring celebrities in their promotion videos and singles jackets. The band is also known as Fan-mon (ファンモン) in short. Their fourth single, \"Lovin' Life\", is a charted hit that recorded long sales and received multiple high rankings on the Japanese sales charts in the first half of 2007. In July 2007, they released another single, \"Chippoke na Yūki\". They attracted fans with their high energy live performances all over",
"psg_id": "11031906"
},
{
"title": "Hit Music Radio",
"text": "April 2011 - Temporary Website Launched. July 2011 - Hit Music Radio Launches Test Transmission Streams from their website. September 2011 - New website launched (incomplete). December 2011 - Hit Music Radio announces that a brand new website is launching soon and test transmissions now feature future presenters announcing that Hit Music Radio are applying for an FM Licence in the UK. Transmissions from Hit Music Radios website now states that they are re-launching with a new website very soon, future presenters can be heard announcing that they are applying for a 28 Day RSL (Restricted Service Licence) for Chesterfield",
"psg_id": "11456291"
},
{
"title": "No No No (Apink song)",
"text": "“No No No” feels like a breath of fresh air.\" “No No No” was written by Shinsadong Tiger, who had previously worked with the group for “My My” and “Wishlist”, and it was also co-composed by Kupa. The song blends the sound of funky guitar rhythm and string melodies that are perfect for the Spring season. In addition, lyrics in the chorus, \"Don't be sad no no no, You're not alone no no no\", are accompanied by an addictive melody. Jeff Benjamin of \"Billboard\" put the song in the bubblegum pop genre, and noted it's \"unexpected, but much welcomed, funky",
"psg_id": "17535741"
},
{
"title": "Lead Movies 1",
"text": "was released as both a DVD and VHS. At the time of release, the VHS was on the decline, while the optical disc, namely the DVD, began taking on popularity. The compilation featured every music video the group had released at that point - \"Manatsu no Magic\", \"Show me the way\", \"Fly Away\" and \"Funky Days!\". With the exception of \"Funky Days!\", all of the songs had come from their debut studio album \"Life On Da Beat\" (\"Funky Days!\" would later be placed on \"Brand New Era\"). Along with the music videos, it also contained select live performances, behind-the-scenes makings",
"psg_id": "20906655"
},
{
"title": "Funky Junction",
"text": "were recorded by an entirely different band and did not involve Lynott, Bell, Downey, White or Lennox. Funky Junction Funky Junction were an Irish rock band formed in 1972 specifically to record a single album of songs made famous by British band Deep Purple, which was released as \"Funky Junction Play a Tribute to Deep Purple\" in January 1973. Among the band's lineup were all three members of the early 1970s incarnation of Thin Lizzy. The project was brought about by a German businessman named Leo Muller, who contacted Irish group Thin Lizzy to record the album. Muller was in",
"psg_id": "12465571"
},
{
"title": "Nester's Funky Bowling",
"text": "with another player, players pass the Virtual Boy back and forth in between turns. According to Joystiq's Eric Caoili, \"Nester's Funky Bowling\" had disappointing sales. \"Nester's Funky Bowling\" received generally mixed reviews. \"The Daily Gazette\"s Tony Brusgul criticized the randomized and unrealistic behavior of the ball and pins, and suggested players looking for a bowling game play it on a different system, citing the eye pain incurred from playing. \"GamePro\" called it \"challenging and fun at first\", but found that it became easy after just a few games. They felt that the graphics improved the game, though adding that they",
"psg_id": "7974015"
},
{
"title": "No Pass No Play",
"text": "campuses decreased from 16 percent to 13 percent. 23 of the district's 26 high schools had decreases in \"F\" grades. No Pass No Play No Pass No Play is a term denoting a Texas public education policy. Under No Pass No Play students must pass all their school courses to be allowed to participate in extracurricular activities such as athletics or music. In 1984, then-Governor Mark White appointed Dallas businessman Ross Perot to head up a commission to study public education reform in Texas. As a result of the study \"No Pass No Play\" was enacted as part of a",
"psg_id": "6885175"
},
{
"title": "Words and Music (play)",
"text": "and ‘spreading and subsiding music’), but this gives no indication of style or material content.\" What is perhaps most amazing is the lack of input Beckett chose to have. According to James Knowlson, \"John Beckett … wrote his music for [this] play, totally independently of Beckett.\" Beckett's conversation with Everett Frost, who directed the play in the 1980s, sheds a slightly different light on things: \"Beckett apologised that, now at an advanced age and increasingly in poor health, he felt unable to enter once again into the kind of collaborative or consultative effort that he had once given his cousin,",
"psg_id": "9019199"
},
{
"title": "That We Can Play",
"text": "That We Can Play That We Can Play is the debut EP of the American electronic-music project Games, consisting of producers Daniel Lopatin and Joel Ford. Lopatin and Ford (who had made electronic music together since their school days) produced \"That We Can Play\" in an apartment studio, using vintage synthesizers and sequencers to recapture the sound and style of 1980s power pop. \"That We Can Play\" contains six songs, including four original Games tracks (one, the opener \"Strawberry Skies\", with vocals by Laurel Halo). It also has two remixes: a remix of \"Strawberry Skies\" by the Chicago duo Gatekeeper",
"psg_id": "19008332"
},
{
"title": "Hit Music Radio",
"text": "of Hit Music Radio first launched Super FM and was the first name of the radio station. July 2001 - Name changed to TYP (The Yorkshire People) Radio. December 2002 - Overwhelmed by the amount of people logging, a new server had to be bought to cope with the amount of people listening. July 2003 - Name changed to Hit Music Radio and a new website launched. August 2006 - New Management Team appointed. August 2007 - Programme Director appointed. March 2008 - HMR Media Group formed. July 2009 - Hit Music Radio closes down due to lack of funding.",
"psg_id": "11456290"
},
{
"title": "Such a Funky Thang!",
"text": "Oricon Singles. The single also sold over 151,630 copies in Japan, making it gold-status by the RIAJ. The second single \"Indigo Waltz\", featuring Lynn Davis, was released in January 1989. The single sold over 102,270 copies in Japan, becoming certified gold-status by the RIAJ. In March 1989, the third single \"High Roller\" was released and charted at number 11 on the Oricon Singles chart. Such a Funky Thang! Such a Funky Thang! is the third album of Japanese singer Toshinobu Kubota, released on September 30, 1988. The album peaked at number one and was certified million. According to Sony Music",
"psg_id": "16709149"
},
{
"title": "Funky Gibbon",
"text": "Funky Gibbon \"Funky Gibbon\" is a novelty song by Bill Oddie and recorded by The Goodies. It was arranged by Tom Parker (\"with interference from Bill Oddie\") with the musical backing provided by members of the R&B band Gonzalez and released as a single in February 1975. The B-side was \"Sick Man Blues\", which had previously been written by Oddie for use in the radio series \"I'm Sorry I'll Read That Again\". It was the most successful single for The Goodies. It entered the UK Singles Chart on 15 March 1975 at no. 37, remaining in the chart for 10",
"psg_id": "17183269"
},
{
"title": "Industrial Symphony No. 1",
"text": "Industrial Symphony No. 1 Industrial Symphony No. 1: The Dream of the Broken Hearted is a 1990 avant-garde musical play directed by David Lynch, with music by Angelo Badalamenti and Julee Cruise. When David Lynch studied at the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia (PAFA), he made a series of complex mosaics in geometric shapes which he called \"Industrial Symphonies\". The play was originally presented (twice) on stage at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York City as part of the \"New Music America Festival\" on November 10, 1989. The presentation opens with Cage and Dern engaging in",
"psg_id": "4049979"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Had No Idea",
"text": "others.\" John Clute, however, found it to be \"unaccountably genial and without formal bite\", such that its \"potentially formidable idea gradually declines into doodle\". In a 1984 interview, Disch described it as \"a story about what our social relationships are really like\" and \"a springboard to the subject of what do we talk about when we talk about anything. What are all these social interactions \"about\"? What is the \"subject\" of them?\" The Man Who Had No Idea \"The Man Who Had No Idea\" is a 1978 science fiction story by Thomas M. Disch. It was first published in \"The",
"psg_id": "20768169"
},
{
"title": "Funky Kato",
"text": "to play at the Nippon Budokan. He married his band's former manager on April 15, 2013. Funky Kato , known by his stage name , is a Japanese singer-songwriter. He is best known as the vocalist of the band Funky Monkey Babys, which disbanded in 2013. Funky Kato was working as a member of FUNKY MONKEY BABYS from the band's beginnings in 2004. They would go on to sign a major label contract in 2006. After their disbandment in June 2013, he started his solo career by going on a tour entitled \"Funky Kato's Insutoaraibu Tour\" from November to February",
"psg_id": "18250666"
},
{
"title": "Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins",
"text": "to the album's cover. William Ruhlmann of AllMusic remarked that it was \"not unlike what you might get if you turned on a tape recorder for a random half-hour in your home\", calling the music \"naked\". John and Yoko went on to release a further two related recordings: \"\" and the \"Wedding Album\". The album was reissued on LP, CD, and digitally by Secretly Canadian on November 11th, 2016 with bonus tracks and rare photos. All selections by John Lennon and Yoko Ono, except where noted. Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins Unfinished Music No. 1: Two Virgins is the",
"psg_id": "3539964"
},
{
"title": "The Woman Who Had No Shadow",
"text": "night, the parson recognized her as his wife, and the housekeeper called him out to see how the roof had bloomed with flowers. The legend of \"Tannhäuser\" features the same growth as evidence of miraculous forgiveness. \"Die Frau ohne Schatten\" by Hugo von Hofmannsthal and Richard Strauss is loosely based on this tale. The Woman Who Had No Shadow \"The Woman Who Had No Shadow\" is a Scandinavian fairy tale, included by Sven Grundtvig in \"Gamle danske Minder i Folkemunde\" and Ella Ohlson in \"Sagor från Ångermanland\". It is Aarne-Thompson type 755, Sin and grace. A woman, wishing to have",
"psg_id": "14822435"
},
{
"title": "Anyone Who Had a Heart (song)",
"text": "\"That Jazz\" as the opening song. On May 26, 2014, she released a music video on YouTube. The music video was filmed using a iPhone 4s. The setting takes place in a studio as the musicians play the music to the song. Another scene shows Josie James performing the song as well relaxing on chair by a pool. The three musicians (N. Martinez, Wilson, M. Martinez) whom she recorded the song with also make an appearance in the video. As of 2015, she continues to tour and perform the song with Burt Bacharach. In Australia, both Dionne Warwick's and Cilla",
"psg_id": "8026229"
},
{
"title": "Hit That",
"text": "cone, implying that the point of the chase was to bring the dog in to be neutered. The video is based in the United Kingdom, revealed by the unmistakable terraced houses, road markings, vehicle numberplates and the steering wheel in the van (a Ford Transit Connect) being on the right. The video appears on the \"Complete Music Video Collection\" DVD, released in 2005. Hit That \"Hit That\" is a pop punk song released by the American punk rock band The Offspring. The song is featured as the fourth track on the band's seventh studio album \"Splinter\" (2003) and was released",
"psg_id": "5365062"
},
{
"title": "Absolute Radio 60s",
"text": "artistic integrity or credibility\" and he's just \"a singer who sings other's materials.\" Absolute Radio 60s Absolute Radio 60s is a British radio station dedicated to music from the 1960s. Launched by Absolute Radio to complement its decade format radio stations, it first aired on 22 November 2011, debuting a week before Absolute Radio 70s. The station broadcasts through Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) on the Bauer Radio multiplex in Inverness, and is also available online, where it can be accessed using Radioplayer. Absolute Radio 60s was the first UK radio station to be dedicated solely to music from the decade.",
"psg_id": "16674343"
},
{
"title": "Don't Play That Song Again",
"text": "Don't Play That Song Again \"Don't Play That Song Again\" was the UK entry for the 2000 Eurovision Song Contest. The song was performed by Nicki French, already a well-known name, having had a worldwide hit in 1995 with a cover of Bonnie Tyler's \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\": on the night she wore a lilac trenchcoat over a bright purple two-piece outfit. The song's composer John Springate had in 1994 produced French's first recording of \"Total Eclipse of the Heart\" - which preceded her 1995 hit recording - and Springate had asked French to perform \"Don't Play That Song",
"psg_id": "10694527"
},
{
"title": "Donnie Iris",
"text": "Donnie Iris Donnie Iris (born Dominic Ierace on February 28, 1943) is an American rock musician known for his work with the Jaggerz and Wild Cherry during the 1970s, and for his solo career beginning in the 1980s with his band, the Cruisers. He wrote the #2 \"Billboard\" hit, \"The Rapper\", with the Jaggerz in 1970 and was a member of Wild Cherry after the group had a #1 hit with \"Play That Funky Music.\" He also achieved fame as a solo artist in the early 1980s with the #29 hit \"Ah! Leah!\" and the #37 hit \"Love Is Like",
"psg_id": "4844772"
}
] | [
"barry crocker"
] |
who directed a passage to india? | [
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "A Passage to India (film) A Passage to India is a 1984 British epic historical drama film written, directed and edited by David Lean. The screenplay is based on the play of the same name by Santha Rama Rau, which was based on the 1924 novel of the same name by E.M. Forster. Set in the 1920s during the period of the British Raj, the film tells the story of the interactions of several characters in the fictional city of Chandrapore, namely Dr. Aziz, Mrs Moore, Adela Quested, and Richard Fielding. When newcomer to India Adela accuses Aziz of an",
"psg_id": "6817250"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "A Passage to India A Passage to India (1924) is a novel by English author E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. It was selected as one of the 100 great works of 20th century English literature by the \"Modern Library\" and won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. \"Time\" magazine included the novel in its \"All Time 100 Novels\" list. The novel is based on Forster's experiences in India, deriving the title from Walt Whitman's 1870 poem \"Passage to India\" in \"Leaves of Grass\".",
"psg_id": "1065271"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "the most notable critiques comes from literary professor Edward Said, who referenced \"A Passage to India\" in both \"Culture and Imperialism\" and \"Orientalism\". In his discussion about allusions to the British empire in early 20th century novels, Said suggests that though the work did subvert typical views of colonization and colonial rule in India, it also fell short of outright condemning either nationalist movements in India or imperialism. Of Forster's attitude toward colonizer-colonized relationships, Said says Forster:\". . . found a way to use the mechanism of the novel to elaborate on the already existing structure of attitude and reference",
"psg_id": "1065287"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "to raise money for the London Library; selling for the then record sum of £6,500 for a modern English manuscript. A Passage to India A Passage to India (1924) is a novel by English author E. M. Forster set against the backdrop of the British Raj and the Indian independence movement in the 1920s. It was selected as one of the 100 great works of 20th century English literature by the \"Modern Library\" and won the 1924 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction. \"Time\" magazine included the novel in its \"All Time 100 Novels\" list. The novel is based",
"psg_id": "1065291"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (play)",
"text": "A Passage to India (play) A Passage to India is a stage play written by Indian-American playwright Santha Rama Rau (1923-2009), based on E.M. Forster's novel of the same name. The play begins with two English women, Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested. They travel to 1920s India, where Mrs. Moore's son, Ronny, is working. Ronny is supposed to be engaged to Adela. The women hope to experience India while they are there. Adela and Ronny are unsure if they are meant to be together. While on a hike led by Dr. Aziz, Adela is attacked in a cave. She assumes",
"psg_id": "19859645"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "attempted rape within the famed Marabar Caves, the city is split between the British elite and the native underclass as the budding friendship between Aziz and Fielding is tested. The film explores themes of racism, imperialism, religion, and the nature of relationships both friendly and marital. This was the final film of Lean's prestigious career, and the first feature-film he had directed in fourteen years, since \"Ryan's Daughter\" in 1970. Receiving universal critical acclaim upon its release with many praising it as Lean's finest since \"Lawrence of Arabia\", \"A Passage to India\" received eleven nominations at the Academy Awards, including",
"psg_id": "6817251"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "betrayal, he vows never again to befriend a white person. Aziz moves to the Hindu-ruled state of Mau and begins a new life. Two years later, Fielding returns to India. His wife is Stella, Mrs. Moore's daughter from a second marriage. Aziz, now the Raja's chief physician, comes to respect and love Fielding again. However, he does not give up his dream of a free and united India. In the novel's last sentences, he explains that he and Fielding cannot be friends until India is free of the British Raj. The landscape of critical work on \"A Passage to India\"",
"psg_id": "1065283"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (play)",
"text": "it was Dr. Aziz, but later while testifying in court, which becomes a media sensation, she realizes Dr. Aziz is not the person who attacked her. Dr. Aziz brings up the racial tensions he feels between the English and the Indians. In the early 1950s, the play's creator, Santha Rama Rau, had dinner one evening with producer Cheryl Crawford. Crawford remarked to Rau that there had never been a distinguished play on Broadway before that dealt with India. This conversation brought up the E.M. Forster novel that was first published in 1924, titled \"A Passage to India\". Rau mentioned to",
"psg_id": "19859646"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "in the overt political content, as opposed to the lighter tone and more subdued political subtext in works such as \"Howards End\" and \"A Room With a View\". \"A Passage to India\" deals with the delicate balance between the English and the Indians during the British Raj. The question of what actually happened in the caves remains unanswered in the novel. \"A Passage to India\" sold well and was widely praised in literary circles. It is generally regarded as Forster's best novel, quickly becoming a classic of English literature. Over many years several film directors were interested in adapting the",
"psg_id": "6817258"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "on the importance of interpersonal relationships, and the damage colonialism wrought on society. More recent critiques by postcolonial theorists and literary critics have reinvestigated the text as a work of Orientalist fiction contributing to a discourse on colonial relationships by a European. Today it is one of the seminal texts in the postcolonial Orientalist discourse, among other books like \"Heart of Darkness\" by Joseph Conrad, and \"Kim\" by Rudyard Kipling. \"A Passage to India\" emerged at a time where portrayals of India as a savage, disorganized land in need of domination were more popular in mainstream European literature than romanticized",
"psg_id": "1065285"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "is largely based upon time and the nature of the critiques. While many earlier critiques found that Forster's book sowed an inappropriate friendship between colonizers and the colonized, new critiques on the work draw attention to the sexism, racism and imperialism inherent in the text. Reviews of \"A Passage to India\" when it was first published challenged specific details and attitudes included in the book that Forster drew from his own time in India. Early critics also expressed concern with the interracial camaraderie between Aziz and Fielding in the book. Others saw the book as a vilification of humanist perspectives",
"psg_id": "1065284"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "and died before the film was released. The director then offered the part to Peggy Ashcroft, a stage actress who had appeared in films only sporadically. She was not enthusiastic when Lean asked her to be Mrs Moore. \"Mr Lean, I’m 75-years-old,\" she protested. \"So am I,\" he replied. Although she had recently worked in India on the T.V. miniseries \"The Jewel in the Crown\", she said, \"I thought, 'Oh dear, I really don’t want to do it', but it's very difficult to turn down a Lean film.\" Satyajit Ray, who had hoped to direct his adaptation of \"A Passage",
"psg_id": "6817268"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "film outdoor as much as possible. With India in the title of the film, he reasoned, audiences would expect to see many scenes filmed of the Indian landscape. Lean commented: \"We are blessed with a fine movie title, \"A Passage to India\". But it has built in danger; it holds out such a promise. The very mention of India conjures up high expectations. It has sweep and size and is very romantic\". Lean did not want to present a poor man's pre-independence India when for the same amount of money he could show the country's visual richness. During 1982, Lean",
"psg_id": "6817265"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "reconciles with Fielding, and Aziz writes to Adela asking her to forgive him for taking so long to come to appreciate the courage she exercised when she withdrew her accusation in court. E. M. Forster began writing \"A Passage to India\" during a stay in India from late 1912 to early 1913 (he was drawn there by a young Indian Muslim, Syed Ross Masood, whom he had tutored in Latin), completing it only after he returned to India as secretary to a maharajah in 1921. The novel was published on 6 June 1924. It differs from Forster's other major works",
"psg_id": "6817257"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "adaptation became available. Lord Brabourne, (John Knatchbull, 7th Baron Brabourne), whose father had been Governor of Bombay and later Governor of Bengal, and who was married to the daughter of Lord Mountbatten, the last viceroy, had sought the film rights for twenty years. He had produced Franco Zeffirelli's \"Romeo and Juliet\" and films based on Agatha Christie’s mysteries including the 1974 \"Murder on the Orient Express.\" In March 1981, John Brabourne and his business partner, Richard Goodwin, obtained the rights to make a film adaptation of \"A Passage to India\". The contract stipulated that Santha Rama Rau write the screenplay",
"psg_id": "6817261"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "a British woman's place within the colonial project. She argues that the female characters coming to \"the Orient\" to break free of their social roles in Britain represent the discord between Englishwomen and their social roles at home, and tells the narrative of \"pioneering Englishwomen whose emergent feminism found form and voice in the colony\". Sara Suleri has also critiqued the book's Orientalist tendencies and its use of radicalized bodies, especially in the case of Aziz, as sexual objects rather than individuals. In 1960, the manuscript of \"A Passage to India\" was donated to Rupert Hart-Davis by Forster and sold",
"psg_id": "1065290"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "also identifies the failed attempt at friendship between Aziz and Fielding as a reinforcement of the perceived cultural distance between the Orient and the West. The inability of the two men to begin a meaningful friendship is indicative of what Said suggests is the irreconcilable otherness of the Orient, something that has originated from the West and also limits Western readers in how they understand the Orient. Other postcolonial scholars have examined the book with a critical postcolonial and feminist lens. Maryam Wasif Khan's reading of the book suggests \"A Passage to India\" is also a commentary on gender, and",
"psg_id": "1065289"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "to Adela and she stays at Fielding's house until her passage on a boat to England is arranged. After explaining to Fielding that the echo was the cause of the whole business, she departs India, never to return. Although he is vindicated, Aziz is angry that Fielding befriended Adela after she nearly ruined his life. Believing it to be the gentlemanly thing to do, Fielding convinces Aziz not to seek monetary redress from her. The men's friendship suffers, and Fielding departs for England. Aziz believes that he is leaving to marry Adela for her money. Bitter at his friend's perceived",
"psg_id": "1065282"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "Lean had fought to make a two-part epic telling the true story of the mutiny on the Bounty, for which he could not obtain financing (the budget was an estimated $50 million), and had given some thought about doing a film adaptation of \"Out of Africa\", from the book by Isak Dinesen, which Sydney Pollack ultimately directed in 1985. By September 1981, Lean was approved as director and Santha Rama Rau completed a draft of the script. The contract stipulated that Santha Rama Rau would write the screenplay. She had met with E. M. Forster; had successfully adapted \"A Passage",
"psg_id": "6817263"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "praise worldwide. Vincent Canby of \"The New York Times\" called Lean's film \"his best work since \"The Bridge on the River Kwai\" and \"Lawrence of Arabia\" and perhaps his most humane and moving film since \"Brief Encounter\". Though vast in physical scale and set against a tumultuous Indian background, it is also intimate, funny and moving in the manner of a film maker completely in control of his material . . . Though [Lean] has made \"A Passage to India\" both less mysterious and more cryptic than the book, the film remains a wonderfully provocative tale, full of vivid characters,",
"psg_id": "6817274"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "but Lean paid his own expenses scouting locations and writing the screenplay. Eventually the budget was raised from EMI, Columbia and HBO. In December 1984, Thorn EMI offered investors the chance to invest in several films by issuing £36 million worth of shares. The films were \"A Passage to India\" (1984), \"Morons from Outer Space\", \"Dreamchild\", \"Wild Geese II\" and \"The Holcroft Covenant\" (all 1985). The Marabar Caves are based on the Barabar Caves, some 35 km north of Gaya, in Bihar. Lean visited the caves during pre-production, and found them flat and unattractive; concerns about bandits were also prevalent.",
"psg_id": "6817271"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "Lean indulges his taste for scenery, demonstrating an ability with sheer scale which has virtually eluded British cinema throughout its history. Not for literary purists, but if you like your entertainment well tailored, then feel the quality and the width.\" Channel 4 said, \"Lean was always preoccupied with landscapes and obsessed with the perfect shot – but here his canvas is way smaller than in \"Lawrence of Arabia\", for instance . . . Still, while the storytelling is rather toothless, \"A Passage to India\" is certainly well worth watching for fans of the director's epic style.\" Sony Pictures Home Entertainment",
"psg_id": "6817277"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "without changing it. This structure permitted one to feel affection for and even intimacy with some Indians and India generally, but made one see Indian politics as the charge of the British, and culturally refused a privilege to India nationalism.\"Blatant stereotyping and Orientalist thought is also explored in postcolonial critiques. Said suggests that Forster deals with the question of British-India relationships by separating Muslims and Hindus in the narrative. He says Forster connects Islam to Western values and attitudes while suggesting that Hinduism is chaotic and orderless, and subsequently uses Hindu characters as the background to the main narrative. He",
"psg_id": "1065288"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "The story revolves around four characters: Dr. Aziz, his British friend Mr. Cyril Fielding, Mrs. Moore, and Miss Adela Quested. During a trip to the fictitious Marabar Caves (modeled on the Barabar Caves of Bihar), Adela thinks she finds herself alone with Dr. Aziz in one of the caves (when in fact he is in an entirely different cave), and subsequently panics and flees; it is assumed that Dr. Aziz has attempted to assault her. Aziz's trial, and its run-up and aftermath, bring to a boil the common racial tensions and prejudices between Indians and the British who rule India.",
"psg_id": "1065272"
},
{
"title": "A Rough Passage",
"text": "A Rough Passage A Rough Passage is a 1922 Australian silent film directed by Franklyn Barrett based on the novel by Arthur Wright. It was Barrett's final feature and is considered a lost film. Laurie Larand (Hayford Hobbs) returns from the war and finds himself jilted and broke. He goes to work for a horse trainer who he discovers to be in league with a book maker to fleece the horse owners. He also comes across a Shakesperean actor, Poverty Point (Arthur Albert), who becomes his friend, and the beautiful Doiya (Stella Southern), who he falls in love with. In",
"psg_id": "15893041"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "A young British schoolmistress, Adela Quested, and her elderly friend, Mrs. Moore, visit the fictional city of Chandrapore, British India. Adela is to decide if she wants to marry Mrs. Moore's son, Ronny Heaslop, the city magistrate. Meanwhile, Dr. Aziz, a young Indian Muslim physician, is dining with two of his Indian friends and conversing about whether it is possible to be a friend of an Englishman. During the meal, a summons arrives from Major Callendar, Aziz's unpleasant superior at the hospital. Aziz hastens to Callendar's bungalow as ordered but is delayed by a flat tyre and difficulty in finding",
"psg_id": "1065273"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Nirvana",
"text": "to a worldwide readership, where the book found a following, gathering fans from not only the U.S., but from Canada, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, the U.K., Ireland, France, Italy, Russia, Poland, Morocco, South Africa, Croatia, India, Nepal, Indonesia, Japan, Australia and other countries. \"Passage to Nirvana\" has received positive reviews. One reviewer said, \"Mr. Carlson is playful with words, which is part of the enchantment of his po-etics, or short poems, called po. With titles like “Passage to Nirvana” and “The Book of Po,” they made me think of “Passage to India” and “Life of Pi.” The references lead",
"psg_id": "15467438"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "good time conversing about India, and Fielding and Aziz become friends. Aziz promises to take Mrs. Moore and Adela to see the Marabar Caves, a distant cave complex. Ronny Heaslop arrives, and finding Adela \"unaccompanied\" with Dr. Aziz and Professor Godbole, rudely breaks up the party. Aziz mistakenly believes that the women are offended that he has not followed through on his promise and arranges an outing to the caves at great expense to himself. Fielding and Godbole were supposed to accompany the expedition, but they miss the train. Aziz and the women explore the caves. In the first cave,",
"psg_id": "1065276"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "the weeks before the trial, Mrs. Moore is apathetic and irritable. Although she professes her belief in Aziz's innocence, she does nothing to help him. Ronny, alarmed by his mother's assertion that Aziz is innocent, arranges for her return by ship to England before she can testify at the trial. Mrs. Moore dies during the voyage. Her absence from India becomes a major issue at the trial, where Aziz's legal defenders assert that her testimony would have proven the accused's innocence. Adela becomes confused as to Aziz's guilt. At the trial, she is asked whether Aziz sexually assaulted her. She",
"psg_id": "1065280"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "to India\", recommended 38-year-old Bengali actor Victor Banerjee for the role of Dr Aziz. The character required a combination of foolishness, bravery, honour and anger. After some hesitation, Lean cast Banerjee, but the director had to overcome the restrictions of British equity to employ an Indian actor. Lean got his way, and the casting made headlines in India. \"It was a matter of national pride that an Indian was cast instead of an Asian from England,\" observed Banerjee. Peter O'Toole was Lean's first choice to play Fielding. The role eventually went to James Fox. Despite having quarrelled with Lean in",
"psg_id": "6817269"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "depictions. Forster's novel departed from typical narratives about colonizer-colonized relationships and emphasized a more \"unknowable\" Orient, rather than characterizing it with exoticism, ancient wisdom and mystery. Postcolonial theorists like Maryam Wasif Khan have termed this novel a Modern Orientalist text, meaning that it portrays the Orient in an optimistic, positive light while simultaneously challenging and critiquing European culture and society. However, Benita Parry also suggests that it also mystifies India by creating an \"obfuscated realm where the secular is scanted, and in which India’s long traditions of mathematics, science and technology, history, linguistics and jurisprudence have no place.” One of",
"psg_id": "1065286"
},
{
"title": "A Rough Passage",
"text": "that \"from the very first moment that the screen reflected the delightful panorama of our bush land I knew that here at last I had found a picture which, would prove worth while the time it had taken to produce.\" A Rough Passage A Rough Passage is a 1922 Australian silent film directed by Franklyn Barrett based on the novel by Arthur Wright. It was Barrett's final feature and is considered a lost film. Laurie Larand (Hayford Hobbs) returns from the war and finds himself jilted and broke. He goes to work for a horse trainer who he discovers to",
"psg_id": "15893045"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Marseille",
"text": "Passage to Marseille Passage to Marseille, also known as Message to Marseille, is a 1944 war film made by Warner Brothers, directed by Michael Curtiz. The screenplay was by Casey Robinson and Jack Moffitt from the novel \"Sans Patrie\" (\"Men Without Country\") by Charles Nordhoff and James Norman Hall. The music score was by Max Steiner and the cinematography was by James Wong Howe. \"Passage to Marseille\" is one of the few films to use a flashback within a flashback, within a flashback, following the narrative structure of the novel on which it is based. The film opens at an",
"psg_id": "8585254"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "groin for this very long scene in the cave. This isn't a story of India, it's a story of a woman. I want you to write music that evokes awakening sexuality.\" Jarre wrote 45minutes of music in two and a half weeks. He said, \"David talks to me in images. A film artist never asks for an oboe to cover up a bad scene; a film artist doesn't think of music as medicine for a sick movie. David talks to me as he would talk to an actor.\" Lean's final film became a critics' favourite in 1984, opening to tremendous",
"psg_id": "6817273"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "headlong down the hill, dishevelled. She is picked up by the doctor's wife, Mrs. Callendar (Ann Firbank), and taken to the Callendars' home. Adela is bleeding and delirious. Dr Callendar medicates Adela with a hypodermic syringe. Upon his return to Chandrapore, Aziz, accused of attempting to rape Adela at the caves, is jailed to await trial, and the incident becomes a \"cause célèbre\". Mrs Moore firmly believes Aziz to not have committed any offence and she leaves India for England. At sea, Mrs Moore takes ill and dies quickly. In court, Adela is questioned by the prosecution; it becomes clear",
"psg_id": "6817255"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "languorous\" and added, \"Lean has succeeded to a great degree in the tricky task of capturing Forster's finely edged tone of rational bemusement and irony.\" \"Time Out London\" thought the film was \"a curiously modest affair, abandoning the tub-thumping epic style of Lean's late years. While adhering to perhaps 80 per cent of the book's incident, Lean veers very wide of the mark over E.M. Forster's hatred of the British presence in India, and comes down much more heavily on the side of the British. But he has assembled his strongest cast in years . . . And once again",
"psg_id": "6817276"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "Best Picture, Best Director for Lean, and Best Actress for Judy Davis for her portrayal as Adela Quested. Peggy Ashcroft won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal as Mrs Moore, making her, at 77, the oldest actress to win the award, and Maurice Jarre won his third Academy Award for Best Original Score. Adela Quested (Judy Davis) is sailing from England to British Raj India with Mrs Moore (Peggy Ashcroft), the latter the mother of her intended bridegroom, Ronny Heaslop (Nigel Havers); Mrs Moore's son from her first marriage. He is the Collector and the City",
"psg_id": "6817252"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Marseille",
"text": "occupied France. Renault's bomber finally lands. It has been badly shot up, and Matrac has been killed. After the squadron bury him, Freycinet reads Matrac's letter to his son that had been unable to be delivered. \"Passage to Marseille\" reunited much of the cast of \"Casablanca\" (1942), also directed by Curtiz, including Humphrey Bogart, Claude Rains, Sydney Greenstreet, Peter Lorre and Helmut Dantine. Other actors connected to both productions included Michèle Morgan who had been the original choice for the female lead for \"Casablanca\"; Victor Francen, Philip Dorn and George Tobias who are also featured. Although exotic locales were called",
"psg_id": "8585259"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "he strikes the guide, who runs away. Aziz looks around and discovers Adela's field glasses lying broken on the ground. He puts them in his pocket. Then Aziz looks down the hill and sees Adela speaking to another young Englishwoman, Miss Derek, who has arrived with Fielding in a car. Aziz runs down the hill and greets Fielding, but Miss Derek and Adela drive off without explanation. Fielding, Mrs. Moore, and Aziz return to Chandrapore on the train. Adela injures herself while descending the caves. At the train station, Aziz is arrested and charged with sexually assaulting Adela in a",
"psg_id": "1065278"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Zarahemla",
"text": "Means of \"The Salt Lake Tribute\" gave the film 2.5 stars out of a possible 4. He wrote that Heimerdinger made \"a few rookie mistakes\" in his debut as a film director, but also \"squeezes a lot of visual flair from a minuscule budget\" and effectively balances entertaining filmmaking with Mormon beliefs. Passage to Zarahemla Passage to Zarahemla is an adventure film directed and written by Chris Heimerdinger. It tells the story of a young pair of siblings seeking to find a new life following the abrupt death of their mother. Their exploits lead them to a relative's home in",
"psg_id": "9604975"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Zarahemla",
"text": "Passage to Zarahemla Passage to Zarahemla is an adventure film directed and written by Chris Heimerdinger. It tells the story of a young pair of siblings seeking to find a new life following the abrupt death of their mother. Their exploits lead them to a relative's home in Utah and eventually a thrilling confrontation with their past and the merger of time. It is based partly on \"Book of Mormon\" people, including the Zarahemla of the title. It is only the second commercial theatrical release of a film with the Book of Mormon as a principal theme, the first being",
"psg_id": "9604965"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Marseille",
"text": "tempestuous melodrama is something of a sequel, as it were, to the comment on Devil's Island which Warner was making five years ago. It is the studio's roaring rejoinder that a vicious and repressive penal code was still not sufficiently able to kill the love of home and freedom in French hearts.\" According to Warner Bros records the film earned $2,157,000 domestically and $1,629,000 foreign. Notes Bibliography Passage to Marseille Passage to Marseille, also known as Message to Marseille, is a 1944 war film made by Warner Brothers, directed by Michael Curtiz. The screenplay was by Casey Robinson and Jack",
"psg_id": "8585262"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "cave. The run-up to his trial releases the racial tensions between the British and the Indians. Adela says that Aziz followed her into the cave and tried to grab her, and that she fended him off by swinging her field glasses at him. The only evidence the British have is the field glasses in the possession of Aziz. Despite this, the British colonists believe that Aziz is guilty. They are stunned when Fielding proclaims his belief in Aziz's innocence. Fielding is ostracised and condemned as a blood-traitor. But the Indians, who consider the assault allegation a fraud, welcome him. During",
"psg_id": "1065279"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "rejected Santha Rama Rau's suggestion to allow Indian film director Satyajit Ray to make a film, said no. Following Forster's death in 1970, the governing board of fellows of King's College at Cambridge inherited the rights to his books. However, Donald A Parry, chief executor, turned down all approaches, including those of Joseph Losey, Ismail Merchant and James Ivory, and Waris Hussein, who after adapting Santha Rama Rau's play for the BBC in the 1960s now wanted to make a feature film. Ten years later, when Professor Bernard Williams, a film enthusiast, became chief executor, the rights for a film",
"psg_id": "6817260"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "to her that her earlier signed accusation of attempted rape was incorrect and she recants. Aziz is celebrated for his innocence and Adela is abandoned to her own devices by the British except for Mr Fielding who assists her to safety to the college. She plans to return to England at the earliest moment. Aziz rids himself of his western associations and vows to find a new job in an Indian state; he opens a clinic in the lake area near Srinagar, Kashmir. Meanwhile, through Adela, Fielding has married Stella Moore, Mrs Moore's daughter from her second marriage. Aziz eventually",
"psg_id": "6817256"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "magistrate in Chandrapore, the anglicized spelling of Chandrapur. Adela intends to see if she can make a go of it. The ladies are disappointed to find that the British community is very much separated from the Indian population and culture with a growing Indian independence movement in the 1920s. They are encouraged when the local school superintendent Richard Fielding (James Fox), brings into their acquaintance the eccentric elderly Hindu Brahmin scholar Professor Narayan Godbole (Alec Guinness). Mrs Moore meets by chance another Indian local, Dr Aziz Ahmed (Victor Banerjee), a widower who is surprised by her kindness and lack of",
"psg_id": "6817253"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "he learns the facts. Adela, however, is intrigued. Because the newcomers had expressed a desire to see Indians, Mr. Turton, the city tax collector, invites numerous Indian gentlemen to a party at his house. The party turns out to be an awkward business, thanks to the Indians' timidity and the Britons' bigotry, but Adela meets Cyril Fielding, principal of Chandrapore's government-run college for Indians. Fielding invites Adela and Mrs. Moore to a tea party with him and a Hindu-Brahmin professor named Narayan Godbole. At Adela's request, he extends his invitation to Dr. Aziz. At Fielding's tea party, everyone has a",
"psg_id": "1065275"
},
{
"title": "Canyon Passage",
"text": "of the townsfolk. Caroline also has second thoughts about marriage to a man who is away so frequently on business; she breaks their engagement and accepts Vane. Logan and Lucy are free to follow their hearts. According to \"Variety\" the film earned $2,250,000 in rentals in 1946. The film had a loss of $63,784. Canyon Passage Canyon Passage is a 1946 Technicolor Western film directed by Jacques Tourneur and set in frontier Oregon. It starred Dana Andrews, Susan Hayward and Brian Donlevy. Featuring love triangles and an Indian uprising, it was adapted from the Saturday Evening Post novel \"Canyon Passage\"",
"psg_id": "11679344"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "Mrs. Moore is overcome with claustrophobia. But worse than the claustrophobia is the echo. Disturbed by the sound, Mrs. Moore declines to continue exploring. Adela and Aziz, accompanied by a guide, climb to the next caves. As Aziz helps Adela up the hill, she asks whether he has more than one wife. Disconcerted by the bluntness of the remark, he ducks into a cave to compose himself. When he comes out, he finds the guide alone outside the caves. The guide says Adela has gone into a cave by herself. Aziz looks for her in vain. Deciding she is lost,",
"psg_id": "1065277"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "has a vision of the cave, and it turns out that Adela had, while in the cave, received a shock similar to Mrs. Moore's. The echo had disconcerted her so much that she became unhinged. At the time, Adela mistakenly interpreted her shock as an assault by Aziz. She admits that she was mistaken, and the case is dismissed. In the 1913 draft of the novel, E. M. Forster had Aziz guilty of the assault and found guilty in the court; he changed this in the 1924 draft to create a more ambiguous ending. Ronny Heaslop breaks off his engagement",
"psg_id": "1065281"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India",
"text": "a tonga and the major has already left in a huff. Disconsolate, Aziz walks down the road toward the railway station. When he sees his favourite mosque, he enters on impulse. He sees a strange Englishwoman there and yells at her not to profane this sacred place. The woman, Mrs. Moore, has respect for native customs. This disarms Aziz, and the two chat and part as friends. Mrs. Moore returns to the British club down the road and relates her experience at the mosque. Ronny Heaslop, her son, initially thinks she is talking about an Englishman and becomes indignant when",
"psg_id": "1065274"
},
{
"title": "Tarzan Goes to India",
"text": "Tarzan Goes to India Tarzan Goes to India (1962) is the first film featuring Jock Mahoney as Tarzan. It was written by Robert Hardy Andrews and directed by John Guillermin, who also directed \"Tarzan's Greatest Adventure\". It was one of two Mahoney films that took Tarzan out of Africa and sent him to the Far East. It was a co-production between Switzerland, the United Kingdom and the United States. Tarzan is called to India to save three hundred elephants, that will be drowned if a dam is opened to create a man-made lake to power an electric plant. Tarzan is",
"psg_id": "7461467"
},
{
"title": "D.O.A.: A Rite of Passage",
"text": "Filth and the Fury\", a 2000 rockumentary film about the Sex Pistols directed by Julien Temple, and in the 2002 television series \"Hollywood Rocks the Movies: The 1970s\". The film premiered on April 10, 1981 at the Waverly Theater in New York City. The DVD was released in Japan in 2003. However it is released in Region 0. In 2017, the film was released on Blu-ray as the inaugural release of the MVD Rewind Collection. The musical performances/tracks contained in the documentary are as follows: D.O.A.: A Rite of Passage D.O.A.: A Right of Passage is a 1981 rockumentary film",
"psg_id": "11738905"
},
{
"title": "D.O.A.: A Rite of Passage",
"text": "D.O.A.: A Rite of Passage D.O.A.: A Right of Passage is a 1981 rockumentary film directed by Lech Kowalski (his premiere film as a director) about the origin of punk rock. The rockumentary takes interview and concert footage of some of punk rock's earliest bands of the late seventies scene. Features live performances by the Sex Pistols, The Dead Boys, Generation X (with Billy Idol), The Rich Kids, the X-Ray Spex, and Sham 69, with additional music from The Clash, Iggy Pop, and Augustus Pablo. The film centers around the Sex Pistols 1978 tour of the United States which ended",
"psg_id": "11738902"
},
{
"title": "Tarzan Goes to India",
"text": "pitted against two engineers who ignore the catastrophic results their work will create. The film also stars Indian Bollywood actors Feroz Khan, Simi Garewal and Murad in pivotal roles. It was followed by \"Tarzan's Three Challenges\" (1963) which was set in Thailand. The film recorded a loss of $178,000. Tarzan Goes to India Tarzan Goes to India (1962) is the first film featuring Jock Mahoney as Tarzan. It was written by Robert Hardy Andrews and directed by John Guillermin, who also directed \"Tarzan's Greatest Adventure\". It was one of two Mahoney films that took Tarzan out of Africa and sent",
"psg_id": "7461468"
},
{
"title": "Safe Passage (film)",
"text": "Safe Passage (film) Safe Passage is a 1994 American drama film starring Susan Sarandon, and featuring Nick Stahl, Sam Shepard, Sean Astin and Jason London. Directed by Robert Allan Ackerman from a screenplay by Deena Goldstone, it is based on the novel \"Safe Passage\" by Ellyn Bache. Maggie Singer (Susan Sarandon) is an obsessive, superstitious and moderately psychic woman who has premonitions in her dreams. The mother of seven children, only one of which still lives at home, she is getting divorced from her husband, and plans to move into the city and take a job as a civil servant.",
"psg_id": "10714005"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Dawn",
"text": "Passage to Dawn Passage to Dawn is a fantasy novel by American writer R. A. Salvatore, the fourth and final book of his Legacy of the Drow series. \"Passage to Dawn\" finds Drizzt and Catti-brie aboard the \"Sea Sprite\" six years after the events of the previous novel, with the company of its captain, Deudermont, its wizard Robillard, and its powerful crew. The \"Sea Sprite\" is indeed a feared force on the Sword Coast, with few pirates choosing to attack its deadly wizard, drow ranger, panther, archer or ballista. Trenton Webb reviewed \"Passage to Dawn\" for \"Arcane\" magazine, rating it",
"psg_id": "7313103"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Nirvana",
"text": "found new joy in life and found his own passage to joy in life through many arts of Zen. Thoughtful and riveting reading, \"Passage to Nirvana\" is an enlightening and educational read that shouldn't be overlooked for those looking for their own second chances.\" A third review called \"Passage to Nirvana\" \"An inspirational story of how love and the strength of the human spirit can triumph over adversity, Passage to Nirvana is a reminder to cherish every day and never forget that our health is, indeed, our wealth.\" While the book is ostensibly about recovering from Traumatic Brain Injury, the",
"psg_id": "15467440"
},
{
"title": "Passage Home",
"text": "Studios. Passage Home Passage Home is a 1955 British drama film directed by Roy Ward Baker. Captain Lucky Ryland (Peter Finch) is about to retire. There is a flashback of several years to a voyage on a ship he was captaining from South America. He is forced to give a lift to a British governess, Ruth Elton (Diane Cilento), who is returning home. Both Ryland and his first mate, Vosper (Anthony Steel), fall for Ruth. Ryland proposes to Ruth and when she turns down his offer he tries to rape her in his cabin but she is rescued by Vosper.",
"psg_id": "14281945"
},
{
"title": "Passage Home",
"text": "Passage Home Passage Home is a 1955 British drama film directed by Roy Ward Baker. Captain Lucky Ryland (Peter Finch) is about to retire. There is a flashback of several years to a voyage on a ship he was captaining from South America. He is forced to give a lift to a British governess, Ruth Elton (Diane Cilento), who is returning home. Both Ryland and his first mate, Vosper (Anthony Steel), fall for Ruth. Ryland proposes to Ruth and when she turns down his offer he tries to rape her in his cabin but she is rescued by Vosper. The",
"psg_id": "14281942"
},
{
"title": "China Passage",
"text": "China Passage China Passage is a 1937 American mystery film directed by Edward Killy from a screenplay by Edmund L. Hartmann and J. Robert Bren, based on a story by Taylor Caven. RKO Radio Pictures produced the film, which stars Constance Worth, Vinton Haworth, Leslie Fenton and Gordon Jones. After a delay during production due to Haworth getting injured in a car accident in January 1937, the film was released on March 12, 1937. Tom Baldwin and Joe Dugan are two American adventurers who are hired to escort the wife of a Chinese general to Shanghai. She is carrying a",
"psg_id": "18276865"
},
{
"title": "Dangerous Passage",
"text": "Dangerous Passage Dangerous Passage is a 1944 American film noir drama film directed by William Berke, starring Robert Lowery and Phyllis Brooks. Oil company employee Joe Beck (Robert Lowery) is stationed in the jungle in Honduras. When his grandfather back in Texas dies, he inherits $200,000. In a nearby port he meets with the testament executor, attorney Daniel Bergstrom (Charles Arnt) to receive the good news, but when he is to return to the jungle, he is followed by a suspicious man hired by the attorney, who tries to knock him out. Joe instead manages to kill the man, and",
"psg_id": "13766145"
},
{
"title": "Southwest Passage",
"text": "Southwest Passage Southwest Passage is a 1954 American Pathécolor western film directed by Ray Nazarro and starring Joanne Dru, Rod Cameron and John Ireland, who are determined to make a unique trek across the west, using camels as his beasts of burden. The picture was originally released in 3-D. With $20,000 in stolen gold, Clint McDonald, his girl Lilly and wounded brother Jeb head for the hills, just ahead of a posse. Lilly goes to town to find a doctor for Jeb, then returns with the best she can find, Dr. Stanton, a drunken veterinarian. Clint becomes aware of a",
"psg_id": "14718172"
},
{
"title": "Southwest Passage",
"text": "repents to Beale by leading the caravan to water and helping fend off attacking Apache braves. He reunites with Lilly and vows to return the gold. Parts of the film were shot in Johnson Canyon and Coral Pink Sand Dunes in Utah. Southwest Passage Southwest Passage is a 1954 American Pathécolor western film directed by Ray Nazarro and starring Joanne Dru, Rod Cameron and John Ireland, who are determined to make a unique trek across the west, using camels as his beasts of burden. The picture was originally released in 3-D. With $20,000 in stolen gold, Clint McDonald, his girl",
"psg_id": "14718174"
},
{
"title": "Secret Passage",
"text": "is trapped, who finds that she is about to be married into the same faith that murdered her own father. Secret Passage Secret Passage is a 2004 film directed by Ademir Kenović. It was written by Kenović and Olivier Bonas. The film stars John Turturro, Katherine Borowitz, Tara Fitzgerald, and Hannah Taylor-Gordon. In the United Kingdom, the film is mostly known as The Lion's Mouth. The film starts in 1492, in Spain. Jews are being chased everywhere. They have two choices: either to convert or to face trial and execution. Isabel (Katherine Borowitz), and Clara (Tara Fitzgerald) are growing up",
"psg_id": "15658726"
},
{
"title": "Passage Meditation",
"text": "the book \"Meditation\" (later republished in as \"Passage Meditation\") had \"sold more than 200,000 copies since its 1978 debut.\" English editions have been published in the US, the UK, and India. Non-English translations of the book have been published in Bulgarian, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, French, German, Hungarian, Korean, Lithuanian, Romanian, Russian, Slovenian, Spanish, and Telugu, The four US editions are: English-language editions have been published in the United Kingdom by Taylor & Francis (1979, ) and Penguin (1996, ), and in India by Jaico (2008, ). Passage Meditation Passage Meditation is a book by Eknath Easwaran, originally published in 1978",
"psg_id": "5633998"
},
{
"title": "Santa Fe Passage",
"text": "with Satank, who is about to kill him when the old woman, Ptewaquin, saves him by killing the Indian chief at the cost of her own life. Kirby discovers that the woman was Aurelie's mother. His hatred gone, he and Aurelie plan to be married in the manner of her mother's people. Parts of the film were shot in Snow Canyon State Park. Santa Fe Passage Santa Fe Passage is a 1955 Trucolor Western film directed by William Witney and starring John Payne, Faith Domergue and Rod Cameron. Kirby Randolph (John Payne) is a veteran scout who comes to hate",
"psg_id": "7828583"
},
{
"title": "Santa Fe Passage",
"text": "Santa Fe Passage Santa Fe Passage is a 1955 Trucolor Western film directed by William Witney and starring John Payne, Faith Domergue and Rod Cameron. Kirby Randolph (John Payne) is a veteran scout who comes to hate all Indians after being betrayed by a Kiowa chief called Satank (George Keymas), whose massacre killed many men and ruined Kirby's reputation. Kirby and his sidekick Sam Beekman (Slim Pickens) are offered work by Jess Griswold (Rod Cameron), who believes a man deserves a second chance. Kirby immediately demands that an old Indian woman, Ptewaquin (Irene Tedrow), be ordered off the wagon train,",
"psg_id": "7828581"
},
{
"title": "Jesse Stone: Night Passage",
"text": "Jesse Stone: Night Passage Jesse Stone: Night Passage is a 2006 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Robert Harmon and starring Tom Selleck, Saul Rubinek and Viola Davis. Based on the 1997 novel \"Night Passage\" by Robert B. Parker—the first novel in the Jesse Stone series—the film is about a former Los Angeles homicide detective who is hired as the police chief of a small New England town and finds himself immersed in a series of mysteries. Filmed on location in Nova Scotia, the story is set in the fictitious town of Paradise, Massachusetts. \"Jesse Stone: Night Passage\" is",
"psg_id": "16198453"
},
{
"title": "The Passage (1979 film)",
"text": "seen to be disbelieved\".\" The Passage (1979 film) The Passage is a 1979 British action–war film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Anthony Quinn, James Mason, Malcolm McDowell and Patricia Neal. The film is based upon the 1976 novel, \"Perilous Passage\" by Bruce Nicolaysen, who also wrote the screenplay for the film. During World War II, a Basque farmer (Anthony Quinn) is asked by the French resistance to help a fleeing scientist (James Mason) and his family escape across the Pyrenees Mountains to safety in neutral Spain. On his trail are a group of Germans, led by a sadistic",
"psg_id": "12492287"
},
{
"title": "The Passage (1979 film)",
"text": "The Passage (1979 film) The Passage is a 1979 British action–war film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Anthony Quinn, James Mason, Malcolm McDowell and Patricia Neal. The film is based upon the 1976 novel, \"Perilous Passage\" by Bruce Nicolaysen, who also wrote the screenplay for the film. During World War II, a Basque farmer (Anthony Quinn) is asked by the French resistance to help a fleeing scientist (James Mason) and his family escape across the Pyrenees Mountains to safety in neutral Spain. On his trail are a group of Germans, led by a sadistic SS officer (Malcolm McDowell).",
"psg_id": "12492285"
},
{
"title": "Hard Passage: A Mennonite Family's Long Journey from Russia to Canada",
"text": "by which to document the very challenging events that shaped the lives of the people, who, during the early part of the last century, chose to settle in this part of the country.\" \"Great Plains Quarterly\" called it \"an intelligent, innovative, and eloquently written family history.\" \"Hard Passage\" has also been reviewed by \"Literary Review of Canada', \"British Journal of Canadian Studies', and \"Biography\". Hard Passage: A Mennonite Family's Long Journey from Russia to Canada Hard Passage: A Mennonite Family's Long Journey from Russia to Canada is a 2007 book by Arthur Kroeger. It is about Kroeger's family and their",
"psg_id": "19993486"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Dawn",
"text": "New York Times\" bestseller list at number 13. Passage to Dawn Passage to Dawn is a fantasy novel by American writer R. A. Salvatore, the fourth and final book of his Legacy of the Drow series. \"Passage to Dawn\" finds Drizzt and Catti-brie aboard the \"Sea Sprite\" six years after the events of the previous novel, with the company of its captain, Deudermont, its wizard Robillard, and its powerful crew. The \"Sea Sprite\" is indeed a feared force on the Sword Coast, with few pirates choosing to attack its deadly wizard, drow ranger, panther, archer or ballista. Trenton Webb reviewed",
"psg_id": "7313107"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Music",
"text": "something of a personal initiation\". Passage to Music Passage to Music is an album by American jazz saxophonist David S. Ware recorded in 1988 and released on the Swedish Silkheart label. Besides tenor sax Ware plays saxello, a variant of the soprano sax played by English jazz musician Elton Dean, and stritch, a straight alto sax associated with multi-instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk. The CD edition adds two bonus tracks. In his review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow states \"David Ware's searching improvisations reward repeated listenings by open-eared listeners.\" \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" states \"\"Passage To Music\" has something of Ayler's",
"psg_id": "17839786"
},
{
"title": "Lani Loa – The Passage",
"text": "screened at the San Sebastian Film Festival and the Hawaii International Film Festival (as \"Lani Loa: The Heavenly Passage\") and has been released in Asia on VCD, as \"Lani-Loa (Hawaiian Ghost Story)\". Lani Loa – The Passage \" Lani Loa – The Passage is a 1998 film directed by Sherwood Hu, executive produced by Francis Ford Coppola, about a woman murdered on her wedding day in Hawaii who comes back to haunt her murderers. The film stars Angus Macfadyen, Ray Bumatai, Carlotta Chang and Chris Tashima. It was the first film from Coppola's and Wayne Wang's Chrome Dragon Films, a",
"psg_id": "9947487"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Music",
"text": "Passage to Music Passage to Music is an album by American jazz saxophonist David S. Ware recorded in 1988 and released on the Swedish Silkheart label. Besides tenor sax Ware plays saxello, a variant of the soprano sax played by English jazz musician Elton Dean, and stritch, a straight alto sax associated with multi-instrumentalist Rahsaan Roland Kirk. The CD edition adds two bonus tracks. In his review for AllMusic, Scott Yanow states \"David Ware's searching improvisations reward repeated listenings by open-eared listeners.\" \"The Penguin Guide to Jazz\" states \"\"Passage To Music\" has something of Ayler's and Sander's Afro-mysticism and constitutes",
"psg_id": "17839785"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "prejudice. Aziz offers to host an excursion to the local Marabar Caves. The initial exploration of the caves shows that those included in the party should be limited when Mrs Moore suffers from claustrophobia and the noise from the large entourage echoes exponentially inside the caves. Mrs Moore encourages Adela and Aziz to continue their exploration of the caves alone with just one guide. They reach the caves at a higher elevation some distance from the group and, before entering, Aziz steps away to take a cigarette. He returns to find Adela has disappeared. Shortly after he sees her running",
"psg_id": "6817254"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "the 1960s about a proposed film about Gandhi that ultimately was scrapped, Alec Guinness agreed to portray Professor Godbole. The relationship between the two men deteriorated during filming, and when Guinness learned that much of his performance was left on the cutting room floor due to time constraints, he saw it as a personal affront. Guinness would not speak to Lean for years afterwards, only patching things up in the last years of Lean's life. Nigel Hawthorne was cast as Turton but fell ill and was replaced on-set by Richard Wilson. Raising finance was difficult. EMI provided some initial money",
"psg_id": "6817270"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Arcturo",
"text": "if the introduction were featured). Passage to Arcturo Passage to Arcturo is the first EP by Greek extreme metal band Rotting Christ, released in 1991. It was originally an MLP-pressing only: first edition in gatefold cover; second edition with normal cover. The EP was re-released in February 2011 with \"The Old Coffin Spirit (Live)\", \"The Mystical Meeting (Live)\" and \"The Forest of N'Gai (Live)\" as bonus tracks on MCD. In 2006, Unruly Sounds reissued \"Passage to Arcturo\" with the three above noted bonus tracks. Furthermore, the introduction was removed (bringing the Unruly Sounds version to 8 tracks total rather than",
"psg_id": "5909543"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Arcturo",
"text": "Passage to Arcturo Passage to Arcturo is the first EP by Greek extreme metal band Rotting Christ, released in 1991. It was originally an MLP-pressing only: first edition in gatefold cover; second edition with normal cover. The EP was re-released in February 2011 with \"The Old Coffin Spirit (Live)\", \"The Mystical Meeting (Live)\" and \"The Forest of N'Gai (Live)\" as bonus tracks on MCD. In 2006, Unruly Sounds reissued \"Passage to Arcturo\" with the three above noted bonus tracks. Furthermore, the introduction was removed (bringing the Unruly Sounds version to 8 tracks total rather than the 9 it would be",
"psg_id": "5909542"
},
{
"title": "The Passage (2007 film)",
"text": "were kidnapped and a flashback reveals the past events which were staged to lure them into a trap - including a young girl who cuts Luke and a woman who scratches Adam during sex with the purpose of getting their blood samples. The film ends with Zahra approaching an English tourist, Chris, whom she offers some help like she did to Luke before. One of the stainless steel boxes with human organs is packed into the car and sent to the private hospital somewhere in the west. The Passage (2007 film) The Passage is a 2007 thriller-horror film directed by",
"psg_id": "13991686"
},
{
"title": "A Drink in the Passage",
"text": "A Drink in the Passage A Drink in the Passage is an English-language film released in 2002. Adapted from a short story by Alan Paton, also the author of \"Cry, The Beloved Country,\" this short film is a stark reminder of the inhumanity and indignities of apartheid. \"A Drink in the Passage\" is the story of Edward Simelane who is awarded first prize in a national fine arts competition for his remarkable stone sculpture, called Mother and Child. But unbeknownst to him, the competition is for whites only. Nonetheless, the judging panel decides to stick to its decision. In the",
"psg_id": "16297314"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "that scripts are not written, but rewritten. The director cast Australian actress Judy Davis, then 28, as the naive Miss Quested after a two-hour meeting. When Davis gave her interpretation of what happened in the caves — “She can’t cope with her own sexuality, she just freaks out” — Lean said that the part was hers. Davis had garnered international attention in Gillian Armstrong’s \"My Brilliant Career\" (1979) and had appeared in \"A Woman Called Golda\" (1982) as a young Golda Meir. Lean wanted Celia Johnson, star of \"Brief Encounter\", to play Mrs Moore, but she turned down the part",
"psg_id": "6817267"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "worked on the script. He spent six months in New Delhi, to have a close feeling of the country while writing. As he could not stay longer than that for tax reasons, then he moved to Zurich for three months finishing it there. Following the same method he had employed adapting Charles Dickens’s Great Expectations, he went through Rau's original script, and his copy of the novel, picking out the episodes that were indispensable and passing over those that did not advance the plot. Lean typed out the whole screenplay himself correcting it as he went along, following the principle",
"psg_id": "6817266"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (play)",
"text": "Crawford the possibility of her adapting the novel for the stage. In 1957, Rau met in person with Forster. Rau presented Forster with working script, and Forster gave his blessing for her to move forward with the production. Forster did have several notes of changes for the script. The play was first staged by the Oxford Playhouse in January 1960. The play then went on a short tour with the same cast, before transferring to the Comedy Theatre on London's West End in April 1960. Forster attended the West End production and was pleased with it. He died in 1970.",
"psg_id": "19859647"
},
{
"title": "Passage to Dawn",
"text": "a 4 out of 10 overall. He commented that \"Bucking the Prince, Princess and Dragon rescue trend, \"Passage to Dawn\" tries to add the extra element of mystery to the adventure by withholding the identity of the victim. So, where more traditional tales focus on the link between rescuer and abductee, this story drags its heroes the length of the Forgotten Realms on a mission to save somebody. They're not exactly sure who, but someone needs rescuing and there's a good chance of a ruck, too.\" Webb adds: \"This plotline employs an eclectic cast who seem bound by \"AD&D\" reality",
"psg_id": "7313104"
},
{
"title": "Northwest Passage",
"text": "Hudson Strait when he sailed into the Strait. Weymouth's expedition to find the Northwest Passage was funded jointly by the British East India Company and the Muscovy Company. \"Discovery\" was the same ship used by Henry Hudson on his final voyage. John Knight, employed by the British East India Company and the Muscovy Company, set out in 1606 to follow up on Weymouth's discoveries and find the Northwest Passage. After his ship ran aground and was nearly crushed by ice, Knight disappeared while searching for a better anchorage. In 1609, Henry Hudson sailed up what is now called the Hudson",
"psg_id": "284807"
},
{
"title": "A Drink in the Passage",
"text": "ensuing national furor, the absurdities of legalised racial discrimination are gently, but tellingly, revealed. A Drink in the Passage A Drink in the Passage is an English-language film released in 2002. Adapted from a short story by Alan Paton, also the author of \"Cry, The Beloved Country,\" this short film is a stark reminder of the inhumanity and indignities of apartheid. \"A Drink in the Passage\" is the story of Edward Simelane who is awarded first prize in a national fine arts competition for his remarkable stone sculpture, called Mother and Child. But unbeknownst to him, the competition is for",
"psg_id": "16297315"
},
{
"title": "Lakes to Locks Passage",
"text": "Lakes to Locks Passage The Lakes to Locks Passage is a scenic byway in northeastern New York in the United States and in southern Quebec in Canada. The byway unifies the interconnected waterway of the upper Hudson River, Champlain Canal, Lake George, and Lake Champlain; this waterway is the core of North America’s first \"super-highway\" between upstate New York and the Canadian province of Quebec. The initiatives of the Lakes to Locks Passage aim to unify the byway corridor as a single destination. The US portion of the passage is a New York State Scenic Byway, a National Scenic Byway,",
"psg_id": "10945182"
},
{
"title": "Jesse Stone: Night Passage",
"text": "seen on the big screen this year,\" Jeff Beal's \"hypnotic score\", and Chris Peppe's \"tight, sharp editing\". On the review aggregator web site \"Rotten Tomatoes\", the film holds a 69% positive audience rating based on 455 user ratings. Jesse Stone: Night Passage Jesse Stone: Night Passage is a 2006 American made-for-television crime drama film directed by Robert Harmon and starring Tom Selleck, Saul Rubinek and Viola Davis. Based on the 1997 novel \"Night Passage\" by Robert B. Parker—the first novel in the Jesse Stone series—the film is about a former Los Angeles homicide detective who is hired as the police",
"psg_id": "16198471"
},
{
"title": "A Passage to India (film)",
"text": "Instead he used the hills of Savandurga and Ramadevarabetta some tens of kilometers from Bangalore, where much of the principal film took place; small cave entrances were carved out by the production company. Other scenes were filmed in Ramanagaram (Karnataka) and Udhagamandalam (Tamil Nadu) and in Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir), with some interiors being shot at Shepperton Studios in Surrey and in Bangalore Palace. Filming took place from November 1983 to June 1984. The music was done by long time Lean collaborator Maurice Jarre. According to Jarre, the director told him,\"Maurice, I want you to write music right from your",
"psg_id": "6817272"
}
] | [
"david lean",
"lean, sir david",
"isabel lean",
"sir david lean",
"isabel lean"
] |
which state celebrated its centenary of joining the union in 1920? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "1920 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1920 State of the Union Address The 1920 State of the Union Address was written by the 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 7, 1920. It was his last address to both houses of the 66th United States Congress. Warren Harding would become president on Friday, March 4, 1921. He said, \"By this faith, and by this faith alone, can the world be lifted out of its present confusion and despair. It was this faith which prevailed over the wicked force of Germany. You will remember that the beginning of the end of the war",
"psg_id": "18170873"
},
{
"title": "1920 State of the Union Address",
"text": "came when the German people found themselves face to face with the conscience of the world and realized that right was everywhere arrayed against the wrong that their government was attempting to perpetrate.\" He is referring to how the United States contributed to the victory of World War I. 1920 State of the Union Address The 1920 State of the Union Address was written by the 28th President of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, on Tuesday, December 7, 1920. It was his last address to both houses of the 66th United States Congress. Warren Harding would become president on Friday,",
"psg_id": "18170874"
},
{
"title": "Centenary of Albany, Western Australia",
"text": "Centenary of Albany, Western Australia The Centenary of Albany in 1927 commemorated the founding of Albany, Western Australia with a number of events. It preceded the centenary of Western Australia by two years. The Albany community and authorities were in direct conflict with the Western Australian government about the celebration and its proximity to the state centenary of 1929, both before the centenary and after. The Western Mail celebrated with a special issue. Other regional newspapers also acknowledged Albany's founding and difference from state centenary, not all necessarily complimentarily. Comments well after both centenaries were being made due to the",
"psg_id": "19983463"
},
{
"title": "Centenary State High School",
"text": "Centenary State High School Centenary State High School, is a co-curricular, co-educational school that opened in 1999. At that time, it catered for students in Grades 8 to 12. As of 2016, the school's enrolment stood at 1429 students. In January 2015, it opened its doors to students in Grade 7, which are a part of a Junior School, along with Grades 8 and 9 (with Grades 10-12 becoming the Senior School). As well, throughout 2014, the school brought Sixth Graders to the premises, who—along with Seventh Graders— participated in special faculty-based activities. Located in Jindalee, in Brisbane's western Centenary",
"psg_id": "6379999"
},
{
"title": "Centenary State High School",
"text": "facility which they assisted to set up. New students are able to enter the Music and Performance Plus extension programs. Centenary State High School Centenary State High School, is a co-curricular, co-educational school that opened in 1999. At that time, it catered for students in Grades 8 to 12. As of 2016, the school's enrolment stood at 1429 students. In January 2015, it opened its doors to students in Grade 7, which are a part of a Junior School, along with Grades 8 and 9 (with Grades 10-12 becoming the Senior School). As well, throughout 2014, the school brought Sixth",
"psg_id": "6380005"
},
{
"title": "Centenary of Western Australia",
"text": "Centenary of Western Australia In 1929, Western Australia celebrated the centenary of the founding of Perth and the establishment of the Swan River Colony, the first permanent European settlement in WA. A variety of events were run in Perth, regional areas throughout the state, and even across Australia such as the Western Australian Centenary Air Race. In 1926, the 25th anniversary of federation passed without much recognition, due in part to the sense of isolation that help to form Western Australia's identity. There was limited acknowledgement from the other states of the unique circumstances of Western Australia's situation, due to",
"psg_id": "12607827"
},
{
"title": "Guiding 2010 Centenary",
"text": "votes at their website. Throughout 2016, the national association and its branches have held several events to celebrate 100 years of girl guiding since 1917. Many countries have issued postage stamps honouring the Guiding and Girl Scouting's centenary. These include: Many countries have issued coins honouring the Guiding and Girl Scouting's centenary. These include: Guiding 2010 Centenary The Guiding 2010 Centenary consisted of celebrations around the world in which Girl Guides and Girl Scouts celebrated 100 years of the world Guide and Scout movement. It took place over three years, 2010-2012, reflecting the founding dates of many World Association of",
"psg_id": "12617561"
},
{
"title": "Rugby union in Germany",
"text": "Association of the GDR was dissolved in November 1990 and the state associations of Saxony and Brandenburg with their 17 clubs registered with the DRV. This brought about a restructuring of the Rugby-Bundesliga and the introduction of a second division, 2nd Rugby-Bundesliga. In 2000 the German Rugby Federation celebrated its centenary. Centenary celebrations included a banquet in the Heidelberg Castle and the hosting of the European leg of the Rugby World Cup Sevens in Heidelberg, in which the German team came close to upsetting Ireland, who had Gordon D'Arcy in their line-up. The tournament was won by the Welsh team,",
"psg_id": "9333423"
},
{
"title": "Centenary of Western Australia",
"text": "the popular entertainment values of the era. A significant amount of the organisation of the celebrations was attributed to the librarian James Sykes Battye, whose efforts in organising committees were noted in the celebration year. The Royal Western Australian Historical Society commissioned plaques that were ceremonially placed upon locations of significance to Western Australia. Locations included: Centenary of Western Australia In 1929, Western Australia celebrated the centenary of the founding of Perth and the establishment of the Swan River Colony, the first permanent European settlement in WA. A variety of events were run in Perth, regional areas throughout the state,",
"psg_id": "12607834"
},
{
"title": "University of the Free State",
"text": "adoption in 1999 of a new university statute, the UFS entered a significant growth period. Today, the University of the Free State boasts more students than ever in its history. In February 2001, the University's name changed to the University of the Free State, which was adopted to reflect the real character of the institution and its environment. In 2004, the University celebrated its centenary. The university's Bloemfontein Campus is near the city centre. The university also has two additional satellite campuses. One is also situated in Bloemfontein, referred to as South Campus, and the other in QwaQwa that was,",
"psg_id": "6007129"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Heights State High School",
"text": "Centenary Heights State High School Centenary Heights State High School is a State High School located in the suburb of Centenary Heights in Toowoomba, Queensland, with an enrolment of around 1500 students (2015) and was one of Queensland's leading high schools with 11 OP's 1 (Overall Position) scored in 2012. The school is one of several state high schools in Toowoomba, including Toowoomba State High School , Harristown State High School and Wilsonton State High School. Centenary Heights State High School was founded in 1968, as a coeducational institution, with an initial enrolment of 168 students. The construction for the",
"psg_id": "7764401"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Heights State High School",
"text": "and undertake work experience. Centenary Heights State High School Centenary Heights State High School is a State High School located in the suburb of Centenary Heights in Toowoomba, Queensland, with an enrolment of around 1500 students (2015) and was one of Queensland's leading high schools with 11 OP's 1 (Overall Position) scored in 2012. The school is one of several state high schools in Toowoomba, including Toowoomba State High School , Harristown State High School and Wilsonton State High School. Centenary Heights State High School was founded in 1968, as a coeducational institution, with an initial enrolment of 168 students.",
"psg_id": "7764408"
},
{
"title": "House of the Centenary",
"text": "House of the Centenary The House of the Centenary (Italian Casa del Centenario, also known as the House of the Centenarian) was the house of a wealthy resident of Pompeii, preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. The house was discovered in 1879, and was given its modern name to mark the 18th centenary of the disaster. Built in the mid-2nd century BC, it is among the largest houses in the city, with private baths, a nymphaeum, a fish pond \"(piscina)\", and two atria. The Centenary underwent a remodeling around 15 AD, at which time the bath",
"psg_id": "16090073"
},
{
"title": "Centenary State High School",
"text": "derived from the four roads bordering the school: The school newsletter is entitled Centenary Chronicle and is published monthly. The school yearbook is The Sentinel, and is available in late November to early December each year. In 2009 the school no longer sent out newsletters by post and sent them as emails. The nickname for sports teams representing Centenary SHS became Crocodiles in 2002, and has been used since. The mascot was christened Crusha the Croc in 2003 following a competition the previous year. Sports played at Centenary include: Rugby league, Rugby union, Polo, Soccer, Rowing, Volleyball, Fishing, Netball, Curling,",
"psg_id": "6380003"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Suburbs",
"text": "bus routes service all or part of the Centenary Suburbs: There are three state primary schools, one private primary school and one state high school in the Centenary suburbs, being: Centenary Suburbs The Centenary Suburbs are a group of suburbs in the south-west in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. The area was given its name by land developer Hooker Rex in 1959, Queensland's centenary year that marked its separation from New South Wales in 1859. All suburbs have the postcode of 4074. Originally the land was all known as Jindalee, indeed the 1967/68 Australian Scout Jamboree, held in what",
"psg_id": "11219640"
},
{
"title": "Union of Artists of Azerbaijan",
"text": "the 16th century, Soltan Muhammad was instituted by Union of Artists of Azerbaijan and this premium is conferred once every two years to artists and art critics. Union of Artists of Azerbaijan Union of Artists of Azerbaijan - is a creative public organization, volunteer union of professional artists and art critics - creative people working in the territory of Azerbaijan. An organizational arrangement in the sphere of arts had begun in the repuvlic, in 1920, which was ended with creation of Union of the Soviet Artists of Azerbaijan, in 1932. Union of Artists of Azerbaijan celebrated its 65th anniversary, in",
"psg_id": "16316369"
},
{
"title": "Union of Artists of Azerbaijan",
"text": "Union of Artists of Azerbaijan Union of Artists of Azerbaijan - is a creative public organization, volunteer union of professional artists and art critics - creative people working in the territory of Azerbaijan. An organizational arrangement in the sphere of arts had begun in the repuvlic, in 1920, which was ended with creation of Union of the Soviet Artists of Azerbaijan, in 1932. Union of Artists of Azerbaijan celebrated its 65th anniversary, in 2006. Opening of exposition dedicated to development of arts in the Repuvlic during the last decades was held for jubilee. A prize named after the artist-miniaturist of",
"psg_id": "16316368"
},
{
"title": "1920 Victorian state election",
"text": "Farmers' Union had been gathering support and was looking to gain more seats from the Nationalists in these regions. This election would be their debut as a major force in Victorian politics where neither the Nationalists and their successors or Labor could form government without their support (or that of their successors, the Country Party) until 1952. Notes: 1920 Victorian state election The 1920 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Thursday 21 October 1920 to elect the 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The Nationalist party had reunited after the 1917 election in",
"psg_id": "18354571"
},
{
"title": "Scouting 2007 Centenary",
"text": "Scouting 2007 Centenary The Scouting 2007 Centenary comprised celebrations around the world in which Scouts celebrated 100 years of the world Scout movement. The original celebrations were focused on the United Kingdom, such as the camp on Brownsea Island, the birthplace of Scouting, and the 21st World Scout Jamboree in Chelmsford, Essex. National Scout movements added extra celebrations in amongst the international ones, including the Australian Scout Jamboree held 1–13 January 2007 at Elmore, Victoria, Australia, and KanderJam at the Kandersteg International Scout Centre in Switzerland. The Centenary celebrations began on 1 January 2007, and members of the World Organization",
"psg_id": "8099990"
},
{
"title": "Guiding 2010 Centenary",
"text": "Guiding 2010 Centenary The Guiding 2010 Centenary consisted of celebrations around the world in which Girl Guides and Girl Scouts celebrated 100 years of the world Guide and Scout movement. It took place over three years, 2010-2012, reflecting the founding dates of many World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts member organisations. National Guide and Scout movements added local celebrations to the international ones. There were three Centenary Celebration Days. On 10 April each year, celebrations were held around the world under a unifying theme. The theme for 2010 was \"plant\". The theme for 2011 was \"grow\", and the",
"psg_id": "12617555"
},
{
"title": "Centenary State High School",
"text": "Suburbs, it had the goal of allowing students to \"achieve more than they thought was possible\". The school's name \"Centenary\" comes from the Centenary suburbs in which it is located. In 1960, a year after the celebrations of the Centenary of Queensland, LJ Hooker announced that it was to create \"\"a major satellite residential development covering 1,295 hectares and a bridge linking ... the new development with the western suburbs of Brisbane\"\". The area was originally called the Hooker Centenary Development as well as the \"Centenary Project\", leading to the eventual naming of the area as the \"Centenary Suburbs\". The",
"psg_id": "6380000"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana",
"text": "Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson. Its curriculum included courses in English, French, Greek, Latin, logic, rhetoric, ancient and modern history, mathematics, and natural, moral, and political philosophy. In 1839, the Mississippi Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, established Centenary College, first located in Clinton, Mississippi, then relocated to Brandon Springs. When the College of Louisiana lost the financial support from the state legislature in 1845, Centenary College purchased the facility and moved to Jackson. In 1846, the college's trustees changed the institution's name to Centenary College of Louisiana and adopted the alumni of the two predecessor colleges. During",
"psg_id": "3947100"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana",
"text": "Centenary College of Louisiana Centenary College of Louisiana is a private, four-year arts and sciences college located in Shreveport, Louisiana. The college is affiliated with the United Methodist Church. Founded in 1825, it is the oldest chartered liberal arts college west of the Mississippi River and is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Centenary College of Louisiana is the oldest college in Louisiana and is the nation's oldest chartered liberal arts college west of the Mississippi River. Centenary traces its origins to two earlier institutions. In 1825, the Louisiana state legislature issued a charter for the",
"psg_id": "3947099"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Heights State High School",
"text": "for community organisations and charities, including Lifeline and Jeans for Genes day. Centenary's Parents and Citizens Association spends the money raised by these events on the school's facilities. The most recent additions include the terrace shade structure and the prepaid tuckshop counter. The Parents and Citizens Association is currently run by its president Wayne Heading, who was elected in March 2014. Centenary Heights State High School offers students a diverse range of sports. The Australian Rules Football team, the Centenary Tigers have won Queensland High School League championships in the past. The school also has very successful basketball teams. Both",
"psg_id": "7764406"
},
{
"title": "National Farmers' Union of England and Wales",
"text": "a time when farming was going through the longest and deepest depression in its history, as imports of cheap grain and frozen meat flooded in from abroad. At the 1918 general election, the union ran six candidates, none of whom were elected. In 1922, it sponsored three unsuccessful candidates under its own name, and four successful Conservative Party candidates. It again sponsored Conservative candidates in 1923 and 1935, but has not done so since. The organisation celebrated its Centenary in 2008. The NFU is registered as an association of employers under the 1974 Trade Union and Labour Relations Act. In",
"psg_id": "2861066"
},
{
"title": "Scouting 2007 Centenary",
"text": "10 acre maize field in the shape of Baden-Powell and a Scouting logo. The maze was open to the public until September 2007, when the maize was harvested. Due to mediocre weather, the maize did not fully reach the expected height of 4.5 m. The maze was at Bickleigh, near Tiverton, Devon. Scouting 2007 Centenary The Scouting 2007 Centenary comprised celebrations around the world in which Scouts celebrated 100 years of the world Scout movement. The original celebrations were focused on the United Kingdom, such as the camp on Brownsea Island, the birthplace of Scouting, and the 21st World Scout",
"psg_id": "8100005"
},
{
"title": "Manawatu Rugby Union",
"text": "back the shield in 1979. They denied Manawatu a challenge in 1980. 1980s In 1980, its championship winning season, Manawatu had eight All Blacks within the team. They were: Mark Donaldson, Mark Shaw, Geoff Old, Frank Oliver, Gary Knight, Doug Rollerson, Lachie Cameron and Craig Wickes. In 1983 the Canterbury Ranfurly Shield team put Manawatu last on their list of challengers for that season. Auckland and Wellington were considered easier options. In 1985, Manawatu celebrated a centenary of club competition and in 1986, the union's centenary. In 1988, the union was relegated to the second division for the first time.",
"psg_id": "8345057"
},
{
"title": "Warden, Free State",
"text": "Warden, Free State Warden is a town situated in the Free State province of South Africa on the N3 highway between Johannesburg and Durban. Town 56km north of Harrismith and south-south-east of Villiers. It was laid out on the farm Rietvlei in 1912, proclaimed in 1913, and attained municipal status in 1920. Said to be named after Charles Frederick Warden, landdrost of Harrismith from 1884 to 1900. Warden and Dirkie Uys School celebrated their centenary during September 2013. The town has one of the largest Dutch Reformed Churches in South Africa, with seating for 1,750. Since the ANC came into",
"psg_id": "4463392"
},
{
"title": "Warden, Free State",
"text": "and residential land are also available. The farming area around Warden produces a big part of the country's potatoes, maize and red meat. Warden, Free State Warden is a town situated in the Free State province of South Africa on the N3 highway between Johannesburg and Durban. Town 56km north of Harrismith and south-south-east of Villiers. It was laid out on the farm Rietvlei in 1912, proclaimed in 1913, and attained municipal status in 1920. Said to be named after Charles Frederick Warden, landdrost of Harrismith from 1884 to 1900. Warden and Dirkie Uys School celebrated their centenary during September",
"psg_id": "4463394"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson",
"text": "Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson The original campus of Centenary College of Louisiana is located along College Street in Jackson, Louisiana. It is operated and preserved as a museum by the Louisiana Office of State Parks as the Centenary State Historic Site, offering educational interpretive programs and guided tours. In 1825, the Louisiana Legislature chartered four public colleges. One of these was the College of Louisiana at Jackson, a small town on the border of East and West Feliciana Parishes. Despite the tireless efforts of the trustees to maintain a college of the finest repute, in its 20-year history,",
"psg_id": "8377930"
},
{
"title": "State Library of New South Wales",
"text": "Library had outgrown this space too. The Mitchell Wing celebrated its centenary in 2010 and in the lead-up to its centenary (from 2001), held a series of related exhibitions and events. 20 years after the completion of the Mitchell Wing, more building took place on the site of the state library. The Dixson Wing, designed by architect Richard Macdonald Seymour Wells and completed in 1929, was added to the south side of the Mitchell Wing to provide storage and gallery space for the extensive collection of historical paintings presented to the library by Sir William Dixson. The galleries were refurbished",
"psg_id": "4546312"
},
{
"title": "1832 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1832 State of the Union Address The 1832 State of the Union Address was written by Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States. It was delivered to the 22nd United States Congress by a clerk on Tuesday, December 4, 1832. He said, \"Although the pestilence which had traversed the Old World has entered our limits and extended its ravages over much of our land, it has pleased Almighty God to mitigate its severity and lessen the number of its victims compared with those who have fallen in most other countries over which it has spread its terrors.\" He",
"psg_id": "18182618"
},
{
"title": "Results of the 1920 Queensland state election",
"text": "Results of the 1920 Queensland state election This is a list of electoral district results for the 1920 Queensland state election. At the time, the voting system in Queensland was based on contingency voting, which was similar to the modern optional preferential voting system. In electorates with 3 or more candidates, preferences were not distributed if a candidate received more than 50% of the primary vote. If none received more than 50%, all except the top two candidates were eliminated from the count and their preferences distributed between the two leaders, with the one receiving the most votes declared the",
"psg_id": "20867920"
},
{
"title": "Results of the 1920 Queensland state election",
"text": "winner. Results of the 1920 Queensland state election This is a list of electoral district results for the 1920 Queensland state election. At the time, the voting system in Queensland was based on contingency voting, which was similar to the modern optional preferential voting system. In electorates with 3 or more candidates, preferences were not distributed if a candidate received more than 50% of the primary vote. If none received more than 50%, all except the top two candidates were eliminated from the count and their preferences distributed between the two leaders, with the one receiving the most votes declared",
"psg_id": "20867921"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Heights, Queensland",
"text": "two separate play areas, a barbecue, and a significant planting of mature trees; and Horners Reserve, which includes one small park and a large town water storage reserve. Centenary Heights, Queensland Centenary Heights is a suburb of Toowoomba in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia, located from the central business district. Previously part of Middle Ridge, the area was named Centenary Heights in 1960 in honour of the separation of Queensland from New South Wales in 1859. The suburb contains two public schools and two private schools: Centenary Heights State High School 30 January 1968, Gabbinbar State School opened 24 January",
"psg_id": "15657772"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Heights, Queensland",
"text": "Centenary Heights, Queensland Centenary Heights is a suburb of Toowoomba in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia, located from the central business district. Previously part of Middle Ridge, the area was named Centenary Heights in 1960 in honour of the separation of Queensland from New South Wales in 1859. The suburb contains two public schools and two private schools: Centenary Heights State High School 30 January 1968, Gabbinbar State School opened 24 January 1972. St Thomas More's Catholic Primary School opened 23 January 1961. Martin Luther Primary School opened 24 January 1977. The suburb has two parks: Emmerson Park, which includes",
"psg_id": "15657771"
},
{
"title": "Armenian General Benevolent Union",
"text": "Armenian General Benevolent Union The Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU, , \"Haykakan Baregortsakan Endhanur Miutyun\") is a non-profit Armenian organization established in Cairo, Egypt, in 1906. With the onset of World War II, headquarters were moved to New York City, New York. With an annual international budget of over $47 million, AGBU preserves and promotes the Armenian identity and heritage through educational, cultural and humanitarian programs, annually serving some 500,000 Armenians in over 30 countries. In 2006, the AGBU celebrated its centenary in its headquarters in New York City. The Armenian General Benevolent Union (AGBU) was founded on April 15,",
"psg_id": "6139993"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Theatre Company",
"text": "Crosfield Assembly Hall, which now forms part of the ground floor of the Crosfield General Office Building. In later years, musical shows were transferred to the Parr Hall, and then on to the Royal Court Theatre, now lost with its site being occupied today by the Warrington Information Offices. Crosfields celebrated their 100 years of soap making (1815–1915), and marked this several years later by building the Centenary Theatre. The Society’s first production, in the main body of the hall (the stage had not been built yet!), was \"The Princess of Kensington\". One year later in 1925, came the first",
"psg_id": "15536390"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana",
"text": "Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, accepted an offer from the Shreveport Progressive League to relocate the college. The Jackson campus now serves as the Centenary State Historic Site operated by the Louisiana Office of State Parks; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Centenary opened in Shreveport, Louisiana, in 1909. Enrollment and course offerings increased during the 1920s, and Centenary received accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools in 1925. During the 1920s and 1930s, the college's football program earned fame for defeating such teams as Baylor, LSU, Rice, SMU, and Texas A",
"psg_id": "3947102"
},
{
"title": "Nundah State School",
"text": "hall (2011) was erected on the double tennis courts' site adjacent to the swimming pool on the northern side of the school, which in 2016 houses the WWI honour board. Nundah State School celebrated its centenary during September and October 1965. Celebrations included a fancy dress ball at Cloudland Ballroom; the opening of a new Centenary Library; a church service in the school grounds, an open day at the school, a concert by Infants School children, an operetta by Grade 7 pupils, an open swim at the school pool, and a procession from Nundah to the school playing field for",
"psg_id": "20572872"
},
{
"title": "Germany national rugby union team",
"text": "to the second tier. With the German reunification, in 1991, the German Democratic Republic national rugby union team was dissolved and became part of the Federal Republic's team. In 1994, Horst Kemmling, Germany's long-standing captain, ended his international career, having played a record number of 50 games for Germany from 1976 onwards. With the reorganisation of the European Nations Cup (ENC) in 2000, Germany became part of the second division. In 2000 the German Rugby Federation celebrated its centenary. Centenary celebrations included a banquet in the Heidelberg Castle and the hosting of the European leg of the Rugby World Cup",
"psg_id": "7682439"
},
{
"title": "Handsworth Rugby Union Football Club",
"text": "on 16 October 1948 against Hinckley, 8-3. In March 1973, Walsall Metropolitan Borough Council finally gave planning permission for a new Club House to be built. Work began on 5 February 1974 and the building was finally opened on 15 September 1974. On 26 September 1986, the club celebrated its centenary with a Centenary Dinner at the Grand Hotel, Birmingham. The club was honoured by the presence of A A Grimsdale, President Rugby Football Union, Mike Gibson, Ireland, P G D Robbins, England and Barbarians, two members of the Romanian touring team and representatives from 32 clubs. The First XV",
"psg_id": "8294739"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union (European Union)",
"text": "State of the Union (European Union) The State of the Union address, also known as the State of the European Union, or SOTEU is the annual speech addressed by the President of the European Commission to the European Parliament plenary session in September. The State of the Union address of the European Union has been instituted by the Lisbon Treaty (with the 2010 Framework Agreement on relations between the European Parliament and the European Commission - Annex IV(5)), in order to make political life of the Union more democratic and transparent than it hitherto was. The Framework Agreement thus also",
"psg_id": "14909391"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "State of the Union The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The message includes a budget message and an economic report of the nation, and also allows the President to propose a legislative agenda (for which the cooperation of Congress is needed) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically \"give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,",
"psg_id": "476430"
},
{
"title": "House of the Centenary",
"text": "the woman's breasts are covered with a strapless \"bra\" \"(strophium)\"; even in the most explicit depictions of sex acts in Roman art, the woman is often wearing the \"strophium\". The rarer \"reverse upright Venus\" position is more often found in scenes set in Nilotic Egypt. House of the Centenary The House of the Centenary (Italian Casa del Centenario, also known as the House of the Centenarian) was the house of a wealthy resident of Pompeii, preserved by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. The house was discovered in 1879, and was given its modern name to mark the",
"psg_id": "16090086"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson",
"text": "to be demolished, the West Wing was saved due to the efforts of many influential citizens in and around Jackson. The State of Louisiana purchased and restored the West Wing, Professor's Cottage, and surrounding . The area comprising the West Wing and the Professor's Cottage was added as Centenary College to the National Register of Historic Places on April 19, 1979. The area was also included in the Jackson Historic District since its creation on December 4, 1980. Centenary State Historic Site is run by the Louisiana Office of State Parks. It is a rather young location among the state's",
"psg_id": "8377941"
},
{
"title": "Silver Centenary",
"text": "Shire councilor Belinda Foster said \"The town wasn't very happy about it going...its on the shire's crest,\" Silver Centenary The Silver Centenary is a biplane which was built in Beverley, Western Australia between 1929 and 1930 by a local named Selby Ford. Plans for the plane, which was named in honour of Western Australia's 1929 centenary, were drawn to scale on the floor of the Beverley powerhouse which Ford owned. The aircraft made its inaugural flight on 1 July 1930 and was flown for the next 18 months, but after Ford proved unable to provide the authorities with blue prints",
"psg_id": "11222960"
},
{
"title": "China Centenary Missionary Conference",
"text": "and cooperation coming out of the Conference was undermined by disagreement between fundamentalists and liberals. China Centenary Missionary Conference The China Centenary Missionary Conference, held in 1907 in Shanghai, China commemorated 100 years of Protestant missionary work in China and debated future courses of action. Among other actions, the conference approved a resolution endorsing the exclusion from Chinese law given Chinese Christians in the \"unequal treaties\" imposed on China by European countries, the United States, and Japan. The Conference celebrated the centenary of the arrival of the first Protestant missionary to China, Robert Morrison. It was convened on April 25",
"psg_id": "15520356"
},
{
"title": "China Centenary Missionary Conference",
"text": "China Centenary Missionary Conference The China Centenary Missionary Conference, held in 1907 in Shanghai, China commemorated 100 years of Protestant missionary work in China and debated future courses of action. Among other actions, the conference approved a resolution endorsing the exclusion from Chinese law given Chinese Christians in the \"unequal treaties\" imposed on China by European countries, the United States, and Japan. The Conference celebrated the centenary of the arrival of the first Protestant missionary to China, Robert Morrison. It was convened on April 25 and adjourned on May 8, 1907. Attendees at the Conference totaled 1,170 persons, mostly missionaries",
"psg_id": "15520350"
},
{
"title": "1815 State of the Union Address",
"text": "corresponding with the disposition of the United States, which it may be hoped will be improved into liberal arrangements on other subjects on which the parties have mutual interests, or which might endanger their future harmony.\" He concluded with, \"As fruits of this experience and of the reputation acquired by the American arms on the land and on the water, the nation finds itself possessed of a growing respect abroad and of a just confidence in itself, which are among the best pledges for its peaceful career.\" 1815 State of the Union Address The 1815 State of the Union Address",
"psg_id": "18181986"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson",
"text": "parks, and there is much that can yet be done to make it more educationally profitable. It serves not only as a glimpse into the past of Centenary College of Louisiana but to early education in Louisiana, Civil War medicine, the founding of Jackson, and other topics of local and state history. Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson The original campus of Centenary College of Louisiana is located along College Street in Jackson, Louisiana. It is operated and preserved as a museum by the Louisiana Office of State Parks as the Centenary State Historic Site, offering educational interpretive programs and",
"psg_id": "8377942"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Diamond",
"text": "the current owner is unknown. De Beers declines to comment, citing its anonymity policy. Centenary Diamond The De Beers Centenary Diamond is, at , the third-largest diamond to have been produced in the Premier Mine. Among top-color diamonds, only the Cullinan I and II are larger than the Centenary diamond. The Centenary Diamond is rated in color as grade D color by the Gemological Institute of America, which is the highest grade of colourless diamond and is internally and externally flawless. It was named the Centenary Diamond as it was presented in the rough for the Centennial Celebration of De",
"psg_id": "4917278"
},
{
"title": "Centenary State High School",
"text": "Figure skating, Basketball, Australian rules football, Golf, Field Hockey, Freestyle BMX, Martial Arts, Wrestling, Baseball, Synchronised swimming, Marbles, Tennis, Netball, Badminton, Chess, Swimming, Athletics, and Cricket Centenary State High School has a large arts program, which features an annual play held by students who have participated in the performance SCRAM (Extracurricular activities for students years 8-10) The school also has an active stage band, chamber strings as well as encouraging students who volunteer to perform for weekly assemblies. Students who participate in \"Back Stage Crew\" have been given the opportunity to help set up live performances with pay from the",
"psg_id": "6380004"
},
{
"title": "Union of Krewo",
"text": "with Jogaila. A celebrated example of the Polish–Lithuanian cooperation was the decisive victory in the Battle of Grunwald (1410) against the Teutonic Knights. Polish–Lithuanian relations were and Vytautas's independence were formalized by the Union of Vilnius and Radom (1401) and Union of Horodło (1413). Thus the Grand Duchy of Lithuania retained its sovereignty. Only the Union of Lublin (1569) created permanent union between Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania, after which the federal state Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was established. Finally, the Constitution of 3 May 1791 declared that both states were one, albeit this was denounced in 20 October",
"psg_id": "4263055"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County in Nashville, Tennessee gives a speech similar called the State of Metro Address. Some university presidents give a State of the University address at the beginning of every academic term. Private companies usually have a \"State of the Corporation\" or \"State of the Company\" address given by the respective CEO. The State of the Union model has also been adopted by the European Union, and in France since the presidency of Emmanuel Macron. Television ratings for recent State of the Union Addresses were: State of the Union The State of",
"psg_id": "476454"
},
{
"title": "Electrical Trades Union (United Kingdom)",
"text": "more than 80,000 on his retirement. In 1918, the union balloted its members on joining the new Amalgamated Engineering Union, but this was not approved. The early 1920s proved a difficult time for the union, and Rowan negotiated a merger with the Transport and General Workers' Union, but this too was rejected by the membership. Walter Citrine was appointed as an assistant general secretary of the union in 1920, and transformed its finances, making the reputation which led to his later appointment as General Secretary of the Trades Union Congress. Rowan was known for his anti-communism but, despite this, members",
"psg_id": "19484760"
},
{
"title": "1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State",
"text": "Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party Todor Zhivkov. At least 20 commemorative coins were made in 1981 honoring the anniversary. An award, the Order \"13 Centuries of Bulgaria\", and a medal, Medal \"1300th Anniversary Of Bulgaria\" were issued on October 16, 1981 in honor of the anniversary. 1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State The 1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State was a yearlong celebration in 1981 when the Bulgaria celebrated the 1300th anniversary of the establishment of the first Bulgarian state in modern history. There were 23,000 events connected with the 1300th centenary. Tournament of Bulgaria The parade took place",
"psg_id": "20222460"
},
{
"title": "1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State",
"text": "1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State The 1300th Anniversary of the Bulgarian State was a yearlong celebration in 1981 when the Bulgaria celebrated the 1300th anniversary of the establishment of the first Bulgarian state in modern history. There were 23,000 events connected with the 1300th centenary. Tournament of Bulgaria The parade took place on Sofia's September 9th Square. The parade inspector was the Minister of People's Defence of Bulgaria, General of the Army Dorbri Dzhurov. The parade commander was Colonel General Hristo Dobrev, the Chief of the General Staff of the Bulgarian People's Army. Attending the parade was the General",
"psg_id": "20222459"
},
{
"title": "1916 Centenary Commemorative Medal",
"text": "1916 Centenary Commemorative Medal The 1916 Centenary Commemorative Medal () is a military decoration awarded by the Government of Ireland to personnel of the Irish Defence Forces who served in 2016 to honour the legacy of continued service by the military to the state since its foundation and in recognition for the role they played to commemorate 100 years since the 1916 Easter Rising. The Centenary Commemorative Medal was awarded to all Permanent and Reserve personnel of the Defence Forces in December 2016 in acknowledgement for the ceremonial role played by \"Óglaigh na hÉireann\" across all aspects of the centenary",
"psg_id": "19947586"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Gentlemen baseball",
"text": "2015. The team plays its home games in Shreveport, Louisiana at Shehee Stadium. The stadium originally named Centenary Park was completely renovated in 2000 under then Centenary Baseball Head coach Ed McCann and renamed Shehee Stadium. Centenary has had 20 Major League Baseball Draft selections since the draft began in 1965. Centenary Gentlemen baseball The Centenary Gentlemen baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Centenary College of Louisiana in Shreveport, Louisiana, United States. The team is a member of the Southern Collegiate Athletic Conference, which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's Division III. Prior to 2011,",
"psg_id": "16937944"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union (film)",
"text": "again. Capra bought the rights of \"State of the Union\" after its initial theatrical release. After Capra's company folded, Liberty Films' assets were acquired by Paramount Pictures. It has since had limited availability on VHS and LaserDisc home video and until recently has been unavailable on DVD. EMKA, Ltd./Universal Television currently owns the rights to the film due to it being a part of Paramount's pre-1950 sound feature film library. Universal Studios Home Entertainment released a DVD version on August 29, 2006. State of the Union (film) State of the Union is a 1948 drama film written by Myles Connolly",
"psg_id": "6956829"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "be read by a clerk until 1913 when Woodrow Wilson re-established the practice despite some initial controversy. However, there have been exceptions to this rule. Presidents during the latter half of the 20th century have sent written State of the Union addresses. The last President to do this was Jimmy Carter in 1981, after his defeat by Ronald Reagan and days before his term ended. For many years, the speech was referred to as \"the President's Annual Message to Congress\". The actual term \"State of the Union\" first emerged in 1934 when Franklin D. Roosevelt used the phrase, becoming its",
"psg_id": "476435"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union (European Union)",
"text": "2014. He also acknowledged the need for \"a serious discussion between the citizens of Europe about the way forward,\" calling in particular on all pro-European forces to be mobilised against the anti-European agenda of \"the populists and the nationalists.\" 9 September 2015 marked the first address held by Jean-Claude Juncker. It was titled \"Time for honesty, unity and solidarity\" and opened with the \"imperative to act as a union\" in order to address the refugee crisis. State of the Union (European Union) The State of the Union address, also known as the State of the European Union, or SOTEU is",
"psg_id": "14909394"
},
{
"title": "Centenary of Western Australia",
"text": "plaque in the wall of the Perth Town Hall on Barrack Street that recorded the centenary celebrations in August. The Centenary Celebration Period was designated as 28 September 1929 – 12 October 1929. Despite a range of events involving various national bodies in the year, the specific main event was the \"1929 Centenary Parade\", which was held on Wednesday 2 October (which had been made a public holiday) and known as the \"Historic and Industrial Procession\", passing through Perth. Wednesday 2 October 1929 was a public holiday in Perth. The main Centenary procession (1929 Centenary Parade) involved considerable preparation of",
"psg_id": "12607831"
},
{
"title": "Scouting 2007 Centenary",
"text": "New Park near Brockenhurst, with over 8,000 Scouts in attendance. Amongst the range of activities, the camp hosted members of the British Army and Royal Navy. The Baden-Powell Scouts' Association celebrated the Centenary of Scouting by issuing commemorative badges and holding their own Centenary Camp in Southampton. During the 36th World Scout Conference, it was decided that each National Scout Organisation would present a Gift for Peace during 2007. This Gift is expected to be the culmination of work by young people in Scouting over the previous year. British farmer Nick Lees and his family created a maze in a",
"psg_id": "8100004"
},
{
"title": "1920 Victorian state election",
"text": "1920 Victorian state election The 1920 Victorian state election was held in the Australian state of Victoria on Thursday 21 October 1920 to elect the 65 members of the state's Legislative Assembly. The Nationalist party had reunited after the 1917 election in which the Nationalist members supporting John Bowser defeated those supporting the former Premier Alexander Peacock over his decision to increase country rail fares, and formed a majority government with 40 members. Bowser resigned as premier in March 1918, having little taste for the office, and was replaced by Peacock supporter Harry Lawson. Meanwhile, in rural Victoria, the Victorian",
"psg_id": "18354570"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana at Jackson",
"text": "taken over by the Union Army, and used as a field hospital, supply depot, and recruiting post — primarily for the United States Colored Troops. A large contingent of Confederate States Army cavalry was sent to disrupt the recruiting practices, resulting in the largest battle to occur within the town limits of Jackson. The Confederates suffered minimal casualties, routed Union forces, and captured ammunition and other supplies. The Union Army suffered nearly one-third of its garrison detachment killed or wounded. Centenary College of Louisiana reopened in the autumn of 1865, in a completely different world than the one that had",
"psg_id": "8377935"
},
{
"title": "Centenary University",
"text": "founded as the Centenary Collegiate Institute by the Newark Methodist Episcopal Church in 1867 with Johnathan Townley Crane as one of the founders. It was built at a cost of $200,000. George H. Whitney, D.D., was president from 1869 to 1895. Centenary offers undergraduate and graduate studies. In 2016, Centenary reported enrollment of 1,238 traditional full-time and 110 part-time undergraduate students, and 1,126 adult accelerated and graduate students. Centenary was the first college in the State of New Jersey to require service education as a condition of graduation. International students from four different countries come to Centenary to complete their",
"psg_id": "2014701"
},
{
"title": "Silver Centenary",
"text": "Silver Centenary The Silver Centenary is a biplane which was built in Beverley, Western Australia between 1929 and 1930 by a local named Selby Ford. Plans for the plane, which was named in honour of Western Australia's 1929 centenary, were drawn to scale on the floor of the Beverley powerhouse which Ford owned. The aircraft made its inaugural flight on 1 July 1930 and was flown for the next 18 months, but after Ford proved unable to provide the authorities with blue prints and technical specifications, it was mothballed in 1933. For the next thirty years, the aircraft hung from",
"psg_id": "11222950"
},
{
"title": "Union State",
"text": "Union State. Union State The Union State (; \"Sajuznaja dziaržava\"), also referred to as the Union State of Russia and Belarus (; ), is a supranational union consisting of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The Commonwealth of Belarus and Russia was founded on 2 April 1996. The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997, with the signing of the \"Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia\" at which time its name was changed to the \"Union of Belarus and Russia\". Several further agreements were signed on 25 December 1998, with the intention of",
"psg_id": "3524463"
},
{
"title": "2018 State of the Union Address",
"text": "that he would be in his district rather than attend the State of the Union Address. In light of reporting that Trump called Haiti, El Salvador, and several nations in Africa \"shithole countries\", Representative John Lewis announced on January 12 that he was not planning on attending the address. Joining Lewis in the boycott, Representative Maxine Waters said, \"[Trump] does not deserve my attention.\" Representative Frederica Wilson became the fourth member of Congress to boycott the address on January 14, calling Trump a racist and liar. On January 15, Representative Pramila Jayapal announced she too was boycotting the address because",
"psg_id": "20520679"
},
{
"title": "Centenary State High School",
"text": "suburbs are Jindalee, Mt. Ommaney, Jamboree Heights, Middle Park, Riverhills and Westlake. The hill-side site on which Centenary currently stands was designated as a High School site from as far back as when Jindalee was originally developed, however it remained as sparse bushland until the mid-1990s, when following strong lobbying from local residents the Queensland Government announced that it would be building a secondary school on the site. Centenary was opened in January 1999, initially catering for a limited number of grades, however this was soon expanded to accommodate Grades 8 to 12. The public took well to the new",
"psg_id": "6380001"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "none has done so since Jimmy Carter sent a written message in 1981. In 1953 and 1961, Congress received both a written State of the Union message from the outgoing president and a separate State of the Union speech by the incoming president. Since 1989, in recognition that the responsibility of reporting the State of the Union formally belongs to the president who held office during the past year, newly inaugurated Presidents have not officially called their first speech before Congress a \"State of the Union\" message. In 1936, President Roosevelt set a precedent when he delivered the address at",
"psg_id": "476437"
},
{
"title": "1970 State of the Union Address",
"text": "the most. The security, freedom, and health of the nation was the most stagnant points in the address. 1970 State of the Union Address The 1970 State of the Union Address was given by Richard Nixon, the 37th United States President, on January 22, 1970, to both houses of the 91st United States Congress. He said, \"I say this not only because 1970 marks the beginning of a new decade in which America will celebrate its 200th birthday. The seventies will be a time of new beginnings, a time of exploring both on the earth and in the heavens, a",
"psg_id": "18202770"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Place",
"text": "free settlers, separation from New South Wales, Federation and the First World War, Queensland had experienced many tumultuous events in its first 100 years worthy of commemoration and celebration. The creation of Centenary Place provided the public with a tangible means of doing this. To advance the centenary celebrations, a Centenary Celebrations Committee was formed as was a Centenary Fund. Many fundraising events were held by the Centenary Celebrations Committee and all proceeds from these events were devoted to the Centenary Fund to go towards the provision of centenary memorials, including Centenary Place. Other commemorative memorials and events included the",
"psg_id": "18583711"
},
{
"title": "1856 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1856 State of the Union Address The 1856 State of the Union Address was given by Franklin Pierce, the 14th President of the United States. It was presented to the 34th United States Congress by the Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. He said, \"it is necessary only to say that the internal prosperity of the country, its continuous and steady advancement in wealth and population and in private as well as public well-being, attest the wisdom of our institutions and the predominant spirit of intelligence and patriotism which, notwithstanding occasional irregularities of opinion or action resulting from",
"psg_id": "18181904"
},
{
"title": "1970 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1970 State of the Union Address The 1970 State of the Union Address was given by Richard Nixon, the 37th United States President, on January 22, 1970, to both houses of the 91st United States Congress. He said, \"I say this not only because 1970 marks the beginning of a new decade in which America will celebrate its 200th birthday. The seventies will be a time of new beginnings, a time of exploring both on the earth and in the heavens, a time of discovery. But the time has also come for emphasis on developing better ways of managing what",
"psg_id": "18202765"
},
{
"title": "State Emblem of the Soviet Union",
"text": "and two wreaths of wheat covered by \"Workers of the world, unite!\" in the official languages of the Soviet Republics, in the reverse order they were mentioned in the Soviet Constitution. Each Soviet Republic (SSR) and Autonomous Soviet Republic (ASSR) had its own coat of arms, largely inspired by the state emblem of the Union. State Emblem of the Soviet Union The State Emblem of the Soviet Union () was adopted in 1923 and was used until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. Although it technically is an emblem rather than a coat of arms, since it does",
"psg_id": "17360148"
},
{
"title": "2013 enlargement of the European Union",
"text": "the factors: \"[Croatians] know that the European Union is not a remedy to all economic and social problems. So the EU itself is in a sort of crisis, and that reflects on Croatia's accession.\" The government announced an information campaign to reverse the drop in support. A referendum was held in Croatia on 22 January 2012 on joining the European Union, and the result was 66% approval to join, though the turnout was low at 43.51%. 2013 enlargement of the European Union The 2013 enlargement of the European Union saw Croatia join the European Union as its 28th member state",
"psg_id": "7519427"
},
{
"title": "1865 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1865 State of the Union Address The 1865 State of the Union Address was written by the 17th President of the United States, Andrew Johnson. It was presented to the United States Congress on Monday, December 4, 1865. He stated, \"Our thoughts next revert to the death of the late President by an act of parricidal treason. The grief of the nation is still fresh. It finds some solace in the consideration that he lived to enjoy the highest proof of its confidence by entering on the renewed term of the Chief Magistracy to which he had been elected; that",
"psg_id": "18203121"
},
{
"title": "1816 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1816 State of the Union Address The 1816 State of the Union Address was the last annual address given by President James Madison, the fourth president of the United States. It was given on Tuesday, December 3, 1816. It was read in Washington, D.C, addressed to both houses of Congress. It was the 26th address given, given to the 14th United States Congress. The United States House of Representatives and Senate were addressed. He summarized it with these words: \"seeks by appeals to reason and by its liberal examples to infuse into the law which governs the civilized world a",
"psg_id": "18152603"
},
{
"title": "Guiding 2010 Centenary",
"text": "of whom had never sailed before. Girl Guides Australia celebrated 100 years of Guiding across Australia from September 2009 to February 2011. The Australian Centenary Event (ACE) was held 3–9 January 2010 just outside Melbourne, Victoria. It was an international camp for 2500 girls, with another 500-700 leaders attending. Pippa Penguin was the mascot for ACE. ACE was to be held at Britannia Park, but was moved after high risk of bushfire. Other nationwide Centenary events included simultaneous 100 Downunder activities on May 23 and Promise renewals on 10-10-10 at 10am. The Australian Government named 2010 the 'Year of the",
"psg_id": "12617557"
},
{
"title": "Enlargement of the European Union",
"text": "October 2017, leading to a new left–right coalition government in November 2017. Following the elections, all the parties of the governing coalition oppose EU membership, along with two of the opposition parties, summing up to at least two-thirds of the MPs. Additionally, for more than eight years every single opinion poll published in Iceland has had a solid majority against joining the EU. Enlargement of the European Union The European Union (EU) has expanded a number of times throughout its history by way of the accession of new member states to the Union. To join the EU, a state needs",
"psg_id": "2142597"
},
{
"title": "1920 United States presidential election in Washington (state)",
"text": "1920 United States presidential election in Washington (state) The 1920 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 General Election in which all 48 states participated. Washington voters chose seven electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee James M. Cox and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge. By the beginning of 1920 skyrocketing inflation and President Woodrow Wilson's focus upon his proposed League of",
"psg_id": "17707426"
},
{
"title": "State Council of the Soviet Union",
"text": "State Council of the Soviet Union Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet Union Republics. During the period of transition it was the highest organ of state power, having the power",
"psg_id": "14995976"
},
{
"title": "Centenary State High School",
"text": "school, and enrolment quickly jumped, largely because students would no longer have to travel to Corinda State High School or Kenmore State High School to complete high school. The school has a limited Student Leader Forum each year where students are selected as 2 School Captains and Vice Captains (Year 12 only), Junior School Captains and Junior Vice Captains (Year 9 Only), and 4 Student Leaders (Years 7, 8, 9 and, 10). The school has a catchment area limited to the Centenary suburbs and Sinnamon Park. A map of facilities can be viewed here The names of each house are",
"psg_id": "6380002"
},
{
"title": "State of the Union (European Union)",
"text": "foresees that the President of the European Commission sends a letter of intent to the President of the European Parliament and the Presidency of the Council of the European Union that sets out in detail the actions the European Commission intends to take by means of legislation and other initiatives until the end of the following year. The address is then followed by a general debate on political situation of the Union, the so-called State of the Union debate. The first State of the Union speech of the European Union was pronounced on 7 September 2010 by President José Manuel",
"psg_id": "14909392"
},
{
"title": "1920–21 French Rugby Union Championship",
"text": "1920–21 French Rugby Union Championship The 1920-21 French Rugby Union Championship 1920-21 was won by US Perpignan that beat Toulose in the final. The Championship, organized before by USFSA (Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques), for the first time was organized by the new Fédération française de rugby. The Championship was open at the better club of the French regions. After a prelimanry round, the eliminatory consisted of semifinals and finals. \"Ranking\": Toulouse 4, Stadoceste 2, Aviron 0 \"Ranking\": US Perpignan 4, Racing 2, Stade bordealis 0 In the second division championship, the Hendaye won the title winning against",
"psg_id": "16943011"
},
{
"title": "The Union Buries Its Dead",
"text": "in \"The Union Buries Its Dead\" and still remember many of the details so humorously described... The cemetery was a good step from town and many of the mourners developed a strong thirst long before the first pub was met on the way back.'. The text mentions the drowned Union Member's name as James Tyson, though this is \"only the name he went by.\" James Tyson (1819–1898), a squatter, was reputed to be the wealthiest and meanest man in the whole continent. The Union Buries Its Dead \"The Union Buries Its Dead\" is a well-known sketch story by iconic Australian",
"psg_id": "8143488"
},
{
"title": "Union State",
"text": "Union State The Union State (; \"Sajuznaja dziaržava\"), also referred to as the Union State of Russia and Belarus (; ), is a supranational union consisting of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The Commonwealth of Belarus and Russia was founded on 2 April 1996. The basis of the union was strengthened on 2 April 1997, with the signing of the \"Treaty on the Union between Belarus and Russia\" at which time its name was changed to the \"Union of Belarus and Russia\". Several further agreements were signed on 25 December 1998, with the intention of providing greater",
"psg_id": "3524447"
},
{
"title": "Centenary College of Louisiana",
"text": "Schools of Music. In 2013 Princeton Review named Centenary one of the “Best 376 Colleges” and “Best Southeastern Colleges,\" putting the College in the top 15% of all four-year colleges in the country. Forbes.com recognized Centenary as one of \"America's Best Colleges\" overall, “Best Private Colleges,” and “Best Colleges in the South,” and awarded an \"A\" grade for financial fitness. U.S. News & World Report placed the College in Tier One of its annual National Liberal Arts Colleges rankings. Other accolades include recognition for community service. Centenary puts emphasis on co-curricular activities and gives its students an unlimited number of",
"psg_id": "3947106"
},
{
"title": "XXX: State of the Union",
"text": "Mack Bates of the \"Milwaukee Journal Sentinel\" praised Ice Cube's \"trademark charisma and street sensibility,\" while Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\" called it \"that rare B movie that’s rooted in gut-level stirrings of power and retaliation\". Paul Arendt of the BBC said, \"Viewed on its own trashy terms, it succeeds brilliantly\". XXX: State of the Union xXx: State of the Union (released as xXx²: The Next Level and xXx: State of Emergency outside North America) is a 2005 American action film directed by Lee Tamahori and a sequel to the 2002 film \"xXx\". It is the second installment of the",
"psg_id": "4924496"
},
{
"title": "Centenary Quay",
"text": "thought. Therefore, this delayed progress. In July 2010, a foundation laying ceremony was held to commence the beginning of building work. Local councillors attended and the foundation stone was laid by the Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Eric Pickles. In January 2011 Phase One of the development, development of around fifty three-bedroom terrace houses, neared completion. Centenary Quay Centenary Quay (also known as Woolston Riverside) is a new development which has commenced in the suburb of Woolston in Southampton, England. The development is being built on the site of 31 acres, which had been home to Vosper",
"psg_id": "15258786"
},
{
"title": "Darlot-Centenary Gold Mine",
"text": "Darlot-Centenary Gold Mine The Darlot-Centenary Gold Mine is a gold mine located 58 km east of Leinster, Western Australia. It is operated by Gold Fields Australia and, since the beginning of 2008, part of its Yilgarn South operation, which consists of Darlot, the Lawlers Gold Mine and the Granny Smith Gold Mine. The mine is located in the Yandal Greenstone Belt. Ore at Darlot-Centenary is mined in an underground operation at the Centenary deposit, discovered in 1996 next to the Darlot Gold Mine, which had a historical production in excess of 500,000 ounces. Homestake begun mining the Centenary deposit in",
"psg_id": "14145801"
},
{
"title": "1920–21 French Rugby Union Championship",
"text": "Lancey (Villard-Bonnot) - Narbonne 6 - 0. In the third division the title went to White Devils (Perpignan) that beat the Gallia Club (Toulouse) 17 - 0. In the fourth division championship the US Montréjeau beat the Réveil Basco-béarnais (Sucy en Brie) 8 - 3. In the championship for \"second XV\", Perpignan beat Racing Paris 21 - 0, at Perpignan the April 3, 1921. 1920–21 French Rugby Union Championship The 1920-21 French Rugby Union Championship 1920-21 was won by US Perpignan that beat Toulose in the final. The Championship, organized before by USFSA (Union des sociétés françaises de sports athlétiques),",
"psg_id": "16943012"
},
{
"title": "Federated Clerks' Union of Australia",
"text": "to include branches in all states by 1920, consolidating several pre-existing state unions, and held its first federal conference in 1916. It changed its name to the Australian Clerical Association in 1917, but reverted to its former name in 1924. The union drastically shifted ideological direction throughout its history. In the 1940s, it had a significant communist influence, with high-profile figures like Jack Hughes holding key union offices. In the early 1950s, the union was successfully targeted and taken over by the conservative Industrial Groups, which subsequently played a role in the Australian Labor Party split of 1955, and the",
"psg_id": "19019223"
},
{
"title": "State Council of the Soviet Union",
"text": "from his post as IEC Chairman. and the Soviet Union was formally dissolved by the Council of Republics. State Council of the Soviet Union Following the August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt, the State Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (), but also known as the State Soviet, was formed on 5 September 1991 and was designed to be one of the most important government offices in Mikhail Gorbachev's Soviet Union. The members of the council consisted of the President of the Soviet Union, and highest officials (which typically was presidents of their republics) from the Soviet",
"psg_id": "14995981"
},
{
"title": "National Union of Students-Union of Students in Ireland",
"text": "Union funds were secured to establish a student community relations programs. Together with local students' unions, NUS-USI now provides a range of services, including campaigns on education, welfare and citizenship, as well as infrastructure and support for the individual students' unions. NUS-USI celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2012. At its annual conference held in Derry/Londonderry in March 2018, NUS-USI introduced two new part-time student officer roles in the form of an international students' officer and a trans students' officer, the latter being the first of its kind on the island of Ireland. National Union of Students-Union of Students in Ireland",
"psg_id": "6131862"
},
{
"title": "1980 Romania rugby union tour of Ireland",
"text": "who were hopeful at the time of joining the Five Nations Championship, and the Rothmans Rugby Yearbook's review of the tour stated that \"any lingering doubts about the ability of the Romanians to pose a challenge to the home countries were dispelled\". 1980 Romania rugby union tour of Ireland The 1980 Romania rugby union tour of Ireland was a series of six matches played by the Romania national rugby union team in Ireland and England in October 1980. The tour was essentially a visit to Ireland, with a single match against Leicester (to celebrate that club's centenary) being played in",
"psg_id": "17106632"
},
{
"title": "State Anthem of the Soviet Union",
"text": "State Anthem of the Soviet Union The \"State Anthem of the Soviet Union\" (), also unofficially known as \"Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye\" () was the official national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the state anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing \"The Internationale\". The lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009) in collaboration with Gabriel El-Registan (1899–1945) and the music was composed by Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946). Although the USSR was dissolved in 1991, the melody of its national anthem continues to be used in the national anthem of the",
"psg_id": "2007476"
}
] | [
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"maine",
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] |
what is gregory peck's real first name? | [
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "a U.S. postage stamp commemorating Peck. The stamp is the 17th commemorative stamp in the \"Legends of Hollywood\" series. On April 5, 2016, the 100th anniversary of Peck's birth, Turner Classic Movies, cable/satellite TV channel honored the actor by showing several of his films. The moving image collection of Gregory Peck is held at the Academy Film Archive. The film material at the Academy Film Archive is complemented by material in the Gregory Peck papers at the Academy's Margaret Herrick Library. Gregory Peck Eldred Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor. He is one",
"psg_id": "831841"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Gregory (given name)",
"text": "after John. Because of this background, it is also a very common name for saints. Although the name was uncommon in the early 20th century, after the popularity of the actor Gregory Peck it became one of the ten most common male names in the United States in the 1950s and has remained popular since. The Roman Catholic Church traditionally held the feast of Saint Gregory (the Great) on March 12, but changed it to September 3 in 1969. March 12 remains the name day for Gregory in most countries. Gregory the Theologian (also known as Gregory of Nazianzus) is",
"psg_id": "2581756"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "of Bernice Mae \"Bunny\" (\"née\" Ayres; 1894–1992), and Gregory Pearl Peck (1886–1962), a New York-born chemist and pharmacist. His father was of English (paternal) and Irish (maternal) heritage and his mother was of English and Scots ancestry. She converted to her husband's religion, Roman Catholicism, when she married Gregory Pearl, and Peck was raised as a Catholic. Through his Irish-born paternal grandmother Catherine Ashe (1864–1926), Peck was related to Thomas Ashe (1885–1917), who participated in the Easter Rising less than three weeks after Peck's birth and died while being force fed during his hunger strike in 1917. Peck's parents divorced",
"psg_id": "831813"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "June 26, 1975, in what authorities believed was a suicide. Peck had grandchildren from both marriages. One of his grandsons from his first marriage is actor Ethan Peck. Peck owned the thoroughbred steeplechase race horse Different Class, which raced in England. The horse was favored for the 1968 Grand National but finished third. Peck was close friends with French president Jacques Chirac. Peck was Roman Catholic and once considered entering the priesthood. Later in his career, a journalist asked Peck if he was a practicing Catholic. Peck answered, \"I am a Roman Catholic. Not a fanatic, but I practice enough",
"psg_id": "831834"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "On New Year's Day in 1956, the day after his divorce was finalized, Peck married Veronique Passani (1932–2012), a Paris news reporter who had interviewed him in 1952 before he went to Italy to film \"Roman Holiday\". He asked her to lunch six months later and they became inseparable. They had a son, Anthony Peck (b. 1956), and a daughter, Cecilia Peck (b. 1958). The couple remained married until Gregory Peck's death. His son Anthony is an ex-husband of supermodel Cheryl Tiegs. His daughter Cecilia lives in Los Angeles. Peck's eldest son, Jonathan, was found dead in his home on",
"psg_id": "831833"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "a Doctor of Letters by the National University of Ireland. He was a founding patron of the University College Dublin School of Film, where he persuaded Martin Scorsese to become an honorary patron. Peck was also chairman of the American Cancer Society for a short time. For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Gregory Peck has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard. In November 2005, the star was stolen, and has since been replaced. On April 28, 2011, a ceremony was held in Beverly Hills, California, celebrating the first day of issue of",
"psg_id": "831840"
},
{
"title": "A Conversation with Gregory Peck",
"text": "A Conversation with Gregory Peck A Conversation with Gregory Peck is a 1999 American documentary film directed by Barbara Kopple. Kopple followed the actor as he embarked on a live speaking tour throughout the United States reflecting on his life and career. The film also looks at Peck's home life with his family, as well as his public appearances where he meets such notable individuals as then President of the United States Bill Clinton, then French President Jacques Chirac, and filmmaker Martin Scorsese. \"A Conversation with Gregory Peck\" was part of the PBS documentary series \"American Masters\" and was screened",
"psg_id": "11176047"
},
{
"title": "William S. Peck Jr.",
"text": "the former Estelle Woodard (1893–1983). A brother, Henry C. Peck Sr. (1919–2004), was a Sicily Island banker, contractor, cattleman, and farmer. Peck was married three times. His first wife, Juanita (1914–1982) was the mother of his two children, Betty Peck Shaffer (born 1944) and Will S. Peck, IV (1939–1989). His third wife is Elaine T. Peck (born 1934) of Sicily Island. Peck was a member of the Sicily Island United Methodist Church. He died at the age of seventy and is entombed in a private cemetery on Ferry Place. William S. Peck Jr. William Smith Peck Jr. (April 12, 1916",
"psg_id": "14704847"
},
{
"title": "A Conversation with Gregory Peck",
"text": "out of competition at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival. It is featured on a 2005 2-disc collector's edition of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". A Conversation with Gregory Peck A Conversation with Gregory Peck is a 1999 American documentary film directed by Barbara Kopple. Kopple followed the actor as he embarked on a live speaking tour throughout the United States reflecting on his life and career. The film also looks at Peck's home life with his family, as well as his public appearances where he meets such notable individuals as then President of the United States Bill Clinton, then French President",
"psg_id": "11176048"
},
{
"title": "Ethan Peck",
"text": "Ethan Peck Ethan Gregory Peck (born March 2, 1986) is an American actor. Peck is the grandson of actor Gregory Peck, and his first wife, Finnish-born Greta Kukkonen. Peck had many star television appearances as a young actor, including a younger Michael Kelso (played by Ashton Kutcher) in \"That '70s Show\". In his first film role at age 9, he co-starred in the film \"Marshall Law\" as Jimmy Smits' son. He appeared the 1999 movie \"Passport to Paris\" starring Mary-Kate Olsen and Ashley Olsen and was Mary-Kate's first on-screen kiss. Peck starred opposite Adam Rothenberg and Mariah Carey in the",
"psg_id": "13473024"
},
{
"title": "Ethan Peck",
"text": "of the Arts at New York University, enrolling in the Experimental Theater Wing for 3 years, before leaving to further his growing acting career. Peck has been dating Harvard entrepreneur and singer Molly DeWolf Swenson since 2016. Ethan Peck Ethan Gregory Peck (born March 2, 1986) is an American actor. Peck is the grandson of actor Gregory Peck, and his first wife, Finnish-born Greta Kukkonen. Peck had many star television appearances as a young actor, including a younger Michael Kelso (played by Ashton Kutcher) in \"That '70s Show\". In his first film role at age 9, he co-starred in the",
"psg_id": "13473028"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "II. Peck, Mitchum, and Martin Balsam all had roles in the 1991 remake of \"Cape Fear\" directed by Martin Scorsese. All three were in the original 1962 version. In the remake, Peck played Max Cady's lawyer. His last prominent film role also came in 1991, in \"Other People's Money\", directed by Norman Jewison and based on the stage play of that name. Peck played a business owner trying to save his company against a hostile takeover bid by a Wall Street liquidator played by Danny DeVito. Peck retired from active film-making at that point. Peck spent the last few years",
"psg_id": "831826"
},
{
"title": "William S. Peck Sr.",
"text": "William S. Peck Sr. William Smith Peck Sr. (1873–1946) was a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Sicily Island in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, having served from 1920-1928. Peck, a businessman and farmer, was married to the former Estelle Woodard (1893–1983). Their children were William S. Peck Jr. (1916–1987), who held the same House seat as his father from 1956 to 1964; Barbara Jane Peck Gilbert (1922–1987), the first wife of retired State Senator J.C. \"Sonny\" Gilbert, and Henry C. Peck Sr. (1919–1987), a Sicily Island banker, contractor, cattleman, and farmer. He was affiliated with the Methodist Church.",
"psg_id": "14704964"
},
{
"title": "William S. Peck Sr.",
"text": "William S. Peck Sr. William Smith Peck Sr. (1873–1946) was a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from Sicily Island in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, having served from 1920-1928. Peck, a businessman and farmer, was married to the former Estelle Woodard (1893–1983). Their children were William S. Peck Jr. (1916–1987), who held the same House seat as his father from 1956 to 1964; Barbara Jane Peck Gilbert (1922–1987), the first wife of retired State Senator J.C. \"Sonny\" Gilbert, and Henry C. Peck Sr. (1919–1987), a Sicily Island banker, contractor, cattleman, and farmer. He was affiliated with the Methodist Church.",
"psg_id": "14704963"
},
{
"title": "William S. Peck Jr.",
"text": "William S. Peck Jr. William Smith Peck Jr. (April 12, 1916 – February 1987), was a businessman from Sicily Island in Catahoula Parish, Louisiana, who served as a Democratic member of the Louisiana House of Representatives from 1956–1964, during the administrations of Governors Earl Kemp Long and Jimmie Davis. His father, William S. Peck Sr., held the same House seat from 1920-1928. Descended from a pioneer Catahoula Parish family, Peck was a brother-in-law of State Senator and State Representative J.C. \"Sonny\" Gilbert, also of Sicily Island. Gilbert's first wife was the former Barbara Jane Peck (1922–1985). William Peck's mother was",
"psg_id": "14704846"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "In October 1942, Peck married Finnish-born Greta Kukkonen (1911–2008), with whom he had three sons, Jonathan (1944–1975), Stephen (b. 1946), and Carey Paul (b. 1949). They were divorced on December 31, 1955. During his marriage with Greta, Peck had a brief affair with \"Spellbound\" co-star Ingrid Bergman. He confessed the affair to Brad Darrach of \"People\" in a 1987 interview, saying \"All I can say is that I had a real love for her (Bergman), and I think that's where I ought to stop... I was young. She was young. We were involved for weeks in close and intense work.\"",
"psg_id": "831832"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "from bronchopneumonia at the age of 87 at his home in Los Angeles. His wife, Veronique, was by his side. Gregory Peck is entombed in the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels mausoleum in Los Angeles. His eulogy was read by Brock Peters, whose character, Tom Robinson, was defended by Peck's Atticus Finch in \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". The celebrities who attended Peck's funeral included Lauren Bacall, Sidney Poitier, Harry Belafonte, Shari Belafonte, Harrison Ford, Calista Flockhart, Mike Farrell, Shelley Fabares, Jimmy Smits, Louis Jourdan, Dyan Cannon, Stephanie Zimbalist, Michael York, Angie Dickinson, Larry Gelbart, Michael Jackson, Anjelica Huston,",
"psg_id": "831836"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "of the Flag\"; 1907's \"Hester of the Grants: A Romance of Old Bennington\"; 1908's \"The Sword of Dundee: A Tale of Bonnie Prince Charlie\"; and 1914's \"White Dawn: A Legend of Ticonderoga\". Theodore S. Peck Theodore Safford Peck (March 22, 1843 – March 15, 1918) was an American Civil War veteran who received the Medal of Honor. He also attained the rank of major general as Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard. Peck was born in Burlington, Vermont. He attended local schools and was prepared to attend the University of Vermont when he opted instead to enlist for the",
"psg_id": "14404491"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "received the Career Achievement Award from the U.S. National Board of Review of Motion Pictures in 1983. In 1986, Peck was honored alongside actress Gene Tierney with the first Donostia Lifetime Achievement Award at the San Sebastian Film Festival in Spain for their body of work. In 1987, Peck was awarded the George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film. In 1993, Peck was awarded with an Honorary Golden Bear at the 43rd Berlin International Film Festival. In 1998, he was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In 2000, Peck was made",
"psg_id": "831839"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "were \"Spellbound\" (1945), \"The Paradine Case\" (1947), \"The Gunfighter\" (1950), \"Moby Dick\" (1956), \"The Man in the Gray Flannel Suit\" (1956), \"On the Beach\" (1959), which brought to life the terrors of global nuclear war, \"The Guns of Navarone\" (1961), and \"Roman Holiday\" (1953), with Audrey Hepburn in her Oscar-winning role. Peck and Hepburn were close friends until her death; Peck even introduced her to her first husband, Mel Ferrer. Peck once again teamed up with director William Wyler in the epic Western \"The Big Country\" (1958), which he co-produced. Peck won the Academy Award with his fifth nomination, playing",
"psg_id": "831822"
},
{
"title": "Cecilia Peck",
"text": "Cecilia Peck Cecilia Peck (born May 1, 1958) is an American film producer, director and actress. She is the only daughter of actor Gregory Peck and his second wife Veronique Passani. As an actress, Peck was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for \"The Portrait\", in which she played the daughter of her father's character. She played the leading role in \"Torn Apart\", and appeared in \"My Best Friend Is a Vampire\". Peck produced \"A Conversation with Gregory Peck\", about her father, which premiered as a Special Selection in the 2000 Cannes Film Festival, and aired on TCM and PBS",
"psg_id": "9546253"
},
{
"title": "George H. Peck",
"text": "George H. Peck George H. Peck (October 15, 1856 – January 9, 1940) was an American real estate broker, developer and millionaire. Born George Huntington Peck, Jr., in San Francisco, California, he began his career as a railroad conductor and is credited with driving the first Southern Pacific train into San Pedro. Convinced of the need for harbor facilities, he later bought land along the seashore and, in 1890–despite little formal education–established the first bank in San Pedro. Peck eventually acquired virtually all of San Pedro and much of the north part of what became Manhattan Beach. He also subdivided",
"psg_id": "9097486"
},
{
"title": "Veronique Peck",
"text": "Veronique Peck Veronique Peck (née Passani; February 5, 1932 – August 17, 2012) was a French-American arts patron, philanthropist and journalist. She was married to actor, political activist and philanthropist Gregory Peck from 1955 until his death in 2003. She was born in Paris, France; her mother was an artist and writer, while her father was an architect. She began her career as a journalist for \"France Soir\", a French daily newspaper, and met Gregory Peck while conducting an interview for \"France Soir\" in 1953. The couple married on December 31, 1955, shortly after Peck's divorce from his first wife,",
"psg_id": "16756422"
},
{
"title": "Gregory (given name)",
"text": "Gregory (given name) The masculine first name Gregory derives from the Latin name \"Gregorius\", which came from the late Greek name \"Γρηγόριος\" (Grēgorios) meaning \"watchful, alert\" (derived from Greek \"γρηγoρεῖν\" \"grēgorein\" meaning \"to watch\"). Through folk etymology, the name also became associated with Latin \"grex\" (stem \"greg–\") meaning \"flock\" or \"herd\". This association with a shepherd who diligently guides his flock contributed to the name's popularity among monks and popes. Sixteen popes and two antipopes have used the name \"Gregorius\", starting with Pope Gregory I (Gregory the Great). It is tied with Benedict as the second-most popular name for pope,",
"psg_id": "2581755"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "15, 1918 and was buried in Burlington's Lakeview Cemetery, Pine Area, Lot 6. General Peck's grave is near that of George Jerrison Stannard, who had been Peck's commander in the 9th Vermont. Theodore S. Peck married Agnes Louise Lesslie (July 29, 1843 – November 15, 1917) of Toronto, Ontario, Canada on October 29, 1879. She was active in several civic and fraternal organizations, including the American Home Missionary Society and the Daughters of the American Revolution. Their daughter Theodora Agnes Peck (October 25, 1882 – January 11, 1964) was a well-known poet and author. Her works included 1906's \"A Dream",
"psg_id": "14404490"
},
{
"title": "Veronique Peck",
"text": "survived by her daughter filmmaker Cecilia Peck, son Anthony Peck, three grandchildren, and her brother, Cornelius Passani. Veronique Peck Veronique Peck (née Passani; February 5, 1932 – August 17, 2012) was a French-American arts patron, philanthropist and journalist. She was married to actor, political activist and philanthropist Gregory Peck from 1955 until his death in 2003. She was born in Paris, France; her mother was an artist and writer, while her father was an architect. She began her career as a journalist for \"France Soir\", a French daily newspaper, and met Gregory Peck while conducting an interview for \"France Soir\"",
"psg_id": "16756425"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "Peck encouraged one of his sons, Carey Peck, to run for political office. Carey was defeated both times by slim margins in races in 1978 and 1980 against Republican U.S. Representative Bob Dornan, another former actor. In an interview with the Irish media, Peck revealed that former President Lyndon Johnson had told him that, had he sought re-election in 1968, he intended to offer Peck the post of U.S. ambassador to Ireland – a post Peck, owing to his Irish ancestry, said he might well have taken, saying, \"[It] would have been a great adventure\". The actor's biographer Michael Freedland",
"psg_id": "831829"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "to keep the franchise. I don't always agree with the Pope... there are issues that concern me, like abortion, contraception, the ordination of women...and others.\" His second marriage was performed by a justice of the peace, not by a priest, because the Church prohibits remarriage if a former spouse is still living and the first marriage was not annulled. Peck was a significant fundraiser for a priest friend of his (Father Albert O'Hara), and served as co-producer of a cassette recording of the New Testament with his son Stephen. On June 12, 2003, Peck died in his sleep at home",
"psg_id": "831835"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "Theodore S. Peck Theodore Safford Peck (March 22, 1843 – March 15, 1918) was an American Civil War veteran who received the Medal of Honor. He also attained the rank of major general as Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard. Peck was born in Burlington, Vermont. He attended local schools and was prepared to attend the University of Vermont when he opted instead to enlist for the Civil War. He tried to enlist into the military on four previous occasions, but in every case he was turned down because he was too young. In 1861 he applied for military",
"psg_id": "14404477"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "man, Peck had long wanted to play him on film, and did so in \"MacArthur\" in 1976. In 1978, Peck traveled to Alabama, the setting of \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", to campaign for Democratic U.S. Senate nominee Donald W. Stewart of Anniston, who defeated the Republican candidate, James D. Martin, a former U.S. representative from Gadsden. In 1987, Peck undertook the voice-overs for television commercials opposing President Reagan's Supreme Court nomination of conservative judge Robert Bork. Bork's nomination was defeated. Peck was also a vocal supporter of a worldwide ban of nuclear weapons, and a lifelong advocate of gun control.",
"psg_id": "831831"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "substantiates the report and says that Johnson indicated that his presentation of the Medal of Freedom to Peck would perhaps make up for his inability to confer the ambassadorship. President Richard Nixon, though, placed Peck on his enemies list owing to his liberal activism. Peck was outspoken against the Vietnam War, while remaining supportive of his son, Stephen, who fought there. In 1972, Peck produced the film version of Daniel Berrigan's play \"The Trial of the Catonsville Nine\" about the prosecution of a group of Vietnam protesters for civil disobedience. Despite his reservations about American general Douglas MacArthur as a",
"psg_id": "831830"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "not acclaimed. Early on, he played the renegade son in the Western \"Duel in the Sun\" and, later in his career, the infamous Nazi doctor Josef Mengele in \"The Boys from Brazil\" co-starring Laurence Olivier. In the 1980s, Peck moved to television, where he starred in the mini-series \"The Blue and the Gray\", playing Abraham Lincoln. He also starred with Christopher Plummer, John Gielgud, and Barbara Bouchet in the television film \"The Scarlet and The Black\", about Monsignor Hugh O'Flaherty, a real-life Catholic priest in the Vatican who smuggled Jews and other refugees away from the Nazis during World War",
"psg_id": "831825"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "of the Motion Picture and Television Relief Fund in 1971, and National Chairman of the American Cancer Society in 1966. He was a member of the National Council on the Arts from 1964 to 1966. A physically powerful man, he was known to do a majority of his own fight scenes, rarely using body or stunt doubles. In fact, Robert Mitchum, his on-screen opponent in \"Cape Fear\", told about the time Peck once accidentally punched him for real during their final fight scene in the movie. He felt the impact for days afterward. Peck's rare attempts at villainous roles were",
"psg_id": "831824"
},
{
"title": "Cecilia Peck",
"text": "ex-sister-in-law of supermodel Cheryl Tiegs, and aunt of actor Ethan Peck. She holds dual citizenship in the US and France, and is French speaking. Cecilia Peck Cecilia Peck (born May 1, 1958) is an American film producer, director and actress. She is the only daughter of actor Gregory Peck and his second wife Veronique Passani. As an actress, Peck was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for \"The Portrait\", in which she played the daughter of her father's character. She played the leading role in \"Torn Apart\", and appeared in \"My Best Friend Is a Vampire\". Peck produced \"A Conversation",
"psg_id": "9546256"
},
{
"title": "Gregory (given name)",
"text": "one of the Three Hierarchs (Ancient Greek: Οἱ Τρεῖς Ἱεράρχαι; Greek: Οι Τρεις Ιεράρχες). The other two are Basil the Great, also known as Basil of Caesarea and John Chrysostom. All three have separate feast days in January: Basil on January 1, Gregory on January 25, and Chrysostom on January 27. Gregory (given name) The masculine first name Gregory derives from the Latin name \"Gregorius\", which came from the late Greek name \"Γρηγόριος\" (Grēgorios) meaning \"watchful, alert\" (derived from Greek \"γρηγoρεῖν\" \"grēgorein\" meaning \"to watch\"). Through folk etymology, the name also became associated with Latin \"grex\" (stem \"greg–\") meaning \"flock\"",
"psg_id": "2581757"
},
{
"title": "William S. Gregory",
"text": "months when it was discovered that he lived on a farm that was outside the city limits eastern boundary at Locust Street. Therefore, he was not eligible to be mayor. He is buried in Elmwood Cemetery. In the 1930s 71st Street was renamed Gregory Boulevard in his honor. William S. Gregory William S. Gregory (August 4, 1825 – August 11, 1887) was the first mayor of Kansas City, Missouri in 1853. When Kansas City was incorporated on March 18, 1853, it had an area and a population of 2,500. 63 votes were cast for mayor and Gregory defeated Dr. Benoist",
"psg_id": "8427752"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "users may feel uncomfortable with the knowledge that their real names would be publicly displayed and choose, instead, to use a fake name that appears real to Facebook under its Name Policy. Unlike Facebook, the Twitter social networking site does not require users to enter real names when creating Twitter accounts, and the site is entirely void of the real-name system. According to Twitter's former CEO, Dick Costolo, the social networking site does not care what a user's real name is as long as the site connects users to the information that they care about. Whether the information comes from",
"psg_id": "16575030"
},
{
"title": "Peck Ledge Light",
"text": "from vandalism, nesting birds, and corrosion, the structure is still said to be in good shape. Neither the official US Coast Guard name nor the NRHP listing puts an \"s\" on the name. The NOAA chart of the area shows that it is adjacent to \"Peck Ledge\". Peck Ledge Light Peck Ledge Light, also known as \"Peck Ledge Lighthouse\", is a sparkplug lighthouse in Norwalk, Connecticut, United States, southeast of Norwalk Harbor and northeast of Goose Island among the Norwalk Islands on Long Island Sound. The lighthouse is about two miles (3 km) from Calf Pasture Beach in Norwalk and",
"psg_id": "8810859"
},
{
"title": "Ethan Peck",
"text": "and raised in Los Angeles, Peck attended private schools Campbell Hall and Harvard-Westlake in North Hollywood. He excelled in athletics and learned to play classical cello. Peck is the grandson of actor Gregory Peck and the son of Stephen Peck (a former actor, documentary film maker, and Vietnam veteran, who is President and CEO of U.S. Veterans Initiative), and abstract artist Francine Matarazzo. He has a half-sister (from his mother's second marriage), Marisa Matarazzo, who is a novelist and creative writing professor at Otis College of Art and Design in Los Angeles. After high school, Peck attended the Tisch School",
"psg_id": "13473027"
},
{
"title": "William S. Gregory",
"text": "William S. Gregory William S. Gregory (August 4, 1825 – August 11, 1887) was the first mayor of Kansas City, Missouri in 1853. When Kansas City was incorporated on March 18, 1853, it had an area and a population of 2,500. 63 votes were cast for mayor and Gregory defeated Dr. Benoist Troost by nine votes. He was born in Shelby County, Kentucky. Gregory moved with his wife Elizabeth to Jackson County, Missouri in 1844 from Kentucky and operated a grocery store on the levee. He and other settlers petitioned to incorporate the Town of Kansas. Gregory only served 10",
"psg_id": "8427751"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "Dick\". He was nominated in 1978 for \"The Boys from Brazil\". He received the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1969, and was given the Henrietta Award in 1951 and 1955 for \"World Film Favorite – Male\". In 1969, 36th U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson honored Peck with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian honor. In 1971, the Screen Actors Guild presented Peck with the SAG Life Achievement Award. In 1989, the American Film Institute gave Peck the AFI Life Achievement Award. He received the Crystal Globe award for outstanding artistic contribution to world cinema in 1996. He",
"psg_id": "831838"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "He was recruited by Edwin Duerr, director of the university's Little Theater, and appeared in five plays during his senior year. Peck would later say about Berkeley that \"it was a very special experience for me and three of the greatest years of my life. It woke me up and made me a human being.\" In 1997, Peck donated $25,000 to the Berkeley rowing crew in honor of his coach, the renowned Ky Ebright. Peck was ready to graduate from Cal Berkeley, but was not able to graduate along with his friends because he lacked one course. His college friends",
"psg_id": "831816"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "public-speaking courses, and pledged the Epsilon Eta fraternity. Peck however had ambitions to be a doctor and the following year gained admission to the University of California, Berkeley, as an English major and pre-medical student. Standing , he rowed on the university crew. Although his tuition fee was only $26 per year, Peck still struggled to pay, and took a job as a \"hasher\" (kitchen helper) for the Gamma Phi Beta sorority in exchange for meals. At Berkeley, encouraged by the acting coach who saw in him perfect material for university theatre, Peck became more and more interested in acting.",
"psg_id": "831815"
},
{
"title": "Charles Horton Peck",
"text": "first mycological collection in the State Herbarium after Rev. Moses A. Curtis, of North Carolina, motivated him. This collection and study of it, is what gives Charles Peck a worldwide name for all time. In 1913, he presented his resignation letter as State Botanist but it is not until January 26, 1915, that it was accepted by the University of the State of New York. Dr. Peck retired from his job after forty-eight years of working at the State herbarium (Burnham 1919; Atkinson 1918). Dr. Peck contributed with a long series of annual reports of the State Botanist from 1867",
"psg_id": "10053536"
},
{
"title": "Veronique Peck",
"text": "Greta Kukkonen. Veronique Peck became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1976. Veronique Peck became a well-known philanthropist in Greater Los Angeles. She and her husband raised approximately $50 million for the American Cancer Society during the 1960s. The \"Los Angeles Times\" named her \"Woman of the Year\" in 1967. She also co-founded the Inner City Cultural Center, a theater group composed of members from different ethnic backgrounds, and the Los Angeles Music Center. Shortly after Gregory Peck's death in 2003, Veronique took control of the Gregory Peck Reading Series. The series raises money on behalf of the Los Angeles Public",
"psg_id": "16756423"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "by 1st Lieutenant T. S. Peck, Company H, 9th Vermont Volunteers. The line was continually pressed back by the enemy, and made eleven different stands before reaching the Newport River, over which there were two bridges, one a railroad bridge, and the other called the \"county bridge,\" located about a quarter mile above the former. The Confederates pressed so closely that there was barely time to fire the railroad bridge with turpentine and tar. Lieutenant Peck, with his men, was ordered to fire the county bridge, and was told that he would find on the opposite side the bridge-head two",
"psg_id": "14404482"
},
{
"title": "David Richmond-Peck",
"text": "Lucas Gregory Blair Richmond-Peck. David Richmond-Peck David Richmond-Peck (born April 5, 1974) is a Canadian actor who has appeared in over 70 film and television roles in Canada and the United States since 2000. Richmond-Peck won two Leo Awards: in 2006 for \"Behind the Camera: The Unauthorized Story of Mork and Mindy\" and in 2010 for his acting in the short film \"Instant\". Richmond-Peck was born in Oakville, Ontario. He graduated from Appleby College in 1992, later attending the University of Western Ontario. He studied acting at Studio 58 in Vancouver. Richmond-Peck is married to Canadian actress Alisen Down. They",
"psg_id": "14577893"
},
{
"title": "Stephen S. Gregory",
"text": "after his 1893 assassination of Mayor of Chicago Carter Harrison, Sr. Gregory served as president of the Chicago Bar Association in 1900, of the Illinois State Bar Association in 1904, and of the American Bar Association in 1911. Gregory died on October 24, 1920. Stephen S. Gregory Stephen Strong Gregory (1849–1920) was a prominent Chicago lawyer. Stephen S. Gregory was born in Unadilla, New York on November 16, 1849. He is the brother of Charles Noble Gregory, himself a distinguished writer on legal subjects. His family moved to Madison, Wisconsin in 1858. He was educated at the University of Wisconsin–Madison,",
"psg_id": "15065236"
},
{
"title": "Stephen S. Gregory",
"text": "Stephen S. Gregory Stephen Strong Gregory (1849–1920) was a prominent Chicago lawyer. Stephen S. Gregory was born in Unadilla, New York on November 16, 1849. He is the brother of Charles Noble Gregory, himself a distinguished writer on legal subjects. His family moved to Madison, Wisconsin in 1858. He was educated at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, receiving an A.B. in 1870, an LL.B. in 1871, and an A.M. in 1873. Gregory began the practice of law in Madison, before moving to Chicago in 1874. In Chicago, he associated himself with Judge A. H. Chetlain in the law firm of Chetlain",
"psg_id": "15065234"
},
{
"title": "S. Gregory Boyd",
"text": "an editor for the International Game Developer's Association's first industry publication on intellectual property. He has been interviewed on business and legal topics by publications including Fortune, Forbes, and IP Law and Business. He has spoken at legal and business conferences including the American Intellectual Property Law Association, Licensing Executives Society, Game Developers Conference, Austin Game Conference, and State of Play. He has also been an invited speaker on business and intellectual property matters at Harvard Business School, MIT, Columbia Law School, and other institutions. S. Gregory Boyd S. Gregory Boyd (Greg Boyd) is an American author, attorney, and professor",
"psg_id": "10259859"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "Lionel Richie, Louise Fletcher, Tony Danza, and Piper Laurie. Peck was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning once. He was nominated for \"The Keys of the Kingdom\" (1945), \"The Yearling\" (1946), \"Gentleman's Agreement\" (1947), and \"Twelve O'Clock High\" (1949). He won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Atticus Finch in the 1962 film \"To Kill a Mockingbird\". In 1967, he received the Academy's Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award. Peck also received many Golden Globe awards. He won in 1947 for \"The Yearling\", in 1963 for \"To Kill a Mockingbird\", and in 1999 for the TV miniseries \"Moby",
"psg_id": "831837"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "of Grandpa Joe in the 2005 film \"Charlie and the Chocolate Factory\", but died before he could accept it. The Irish actor David Kelly was then given the part. In 1947, while many Hollywood figures were being blacklisted for similar activities, Peck signed a letter deploring a House Un-American Activities Committee investigation of alleged communists in the film industry. A lifelong Democrat, Peck was suggested in 1970 as a possible Democratic candidate to run against Ronald Reagan for the office of California Governor. Although he later admitted that he had no interest in being a candidate himself for public office,",
"psg_id": "831828"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "of his life touring the world doing speaking engagements in which he would show clips from his movies, reminisce, and take questions from the audience. He did come out of retirement for a 1998 miniseries version of one of his most famous films, \"Moby Dick\", portraying Father Mapple (played by Orson Welles in the 1956 version), with Patrick Stewart as Captain Ahab, the role Peck played in the earlier film. It would be his final performance, and it won him the Golden Globe for Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries or Television Film. Peck had been offered the role",
"psg_id": "831827"
},
{
"title": "Dudley S. Gregory",
"text": "Dudley S. Gregory Dudley Sanford Gregory (February 5, 1800 – December 8, 1874) was the first Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey, and was elected as a Whig to represent in the United States House of Representatives from 1847 to 1849. Gregory was born in Redding, Connecticut and relocated to Albany, New York as a child. He worked as a clerk in the office of the New York State Comptroller for fourteen years, and became Chief Clerk of the Canal department. Gregory was a member of the guard of honor to receive General Marquis de La Fayette on his visit",
"psg_id": "6897894"
},
{
"title": "Real-name system",
"text": "Real-name system A real-name system is a system in which when a user who wants to register an account on a blog, website or bulletin board system, is required to offer identification credentials including their legal name to the network service centre. One may use an on-line pseudonym, however, the person's real identity would be available if rules or laws are broken. South Korea is the first country to put the real-name system into practice. Since June 28, 2009, thirty-five Korean websites have implemented a name-registration system pursuant to the newly amended Information and Communications Network Act of Korea. It",
"psg_id": "16575021"
},
{
"title": "Gregory Peck",
"text": "in \"The Yearling\", his good-humored warmth and affection toward the characters playing his son and wife confounded critics who had been insisting he was a lifeless performer. \"Duel in the Sun\" (1946) showed his range as an actor in his first \"against type\" role as a cruel, libidinous gunslinger. \"Gentleman's Agreement\" established his power in the \"social conscience\" genre in a film that took on the deep-seated but subtle antisemitism of mid-century corporate America. \"Twelve O'Clock High\" was the first of many successful war films in which Peck embodied the brave, effective, yet human fighting man. Among his other films",
"psg_id": "831821"
},
{
"title": "Facebook real-name policy controversy",
"text": "the acronym is employed, Facebook automatically changes to lower-case all letters except the first. (Use of periods, e.g. D.L.G., will result in a message telling users that \"Profile names can't have too many periods.\") Therefore, someone commonly known in real life by a name such as Mary De Leon Guerrero Mafnas would have to resort to using what on Facebook would end up being \"Mary Dlg Mafnas\". The message is not accompanied by an option to challenge/appeal the restriction or to send Facebook documentation that the format is how one normally formats their name in real life. In January 2015,",
"psg_id": "18352026"
},
{
"title": "What U See Is What U Get",
"text": "What U See Is What U Get \"What U See Is What U Get\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise of the video is Xzibit's trek to a nearby shop after being asked to pick up some milk. On his way, Xzibit greets several friends,",
"psg_id": "10424356"
},
{
"title": "What U See Is What U Get",
"text": "the music videos for Xzibit's songs \"Paparazzi\" and \"The Foundation\". The music video peaked at 1 during 6 weeks at BET's \"Rap City\". 12\" Promo What U See Is What U Get \"What U See Is What U Get\" is the first single from Xzibit's second album, \"40 Dayz & 40 Nightz\". In its first week the song peaked at #50 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100, being Xzibit's highest charting single. It peaked at #3 on Hot Rap Singles, his highest on that chart. A music video directed by Gregory Dark was filmed in Los Angeles. The deceptively simplistic premise",
"psg_id": "10424358"
},
{
"title": "What a Beautiful Name",
"text": "What a Beautiful Name \"What a Beautiful Name\" is a song by Australian praise and worship group Hillsong Worship. The song, written and led by Brooke Ligertwood and co-written with Ben Fielding, refers to the promise of salvation through Jesus Christ as represented by His Holy Name. The \"genre-smashing single\" contributed to Hillsong being named \"Billboard\"s Top Christian Artist of 2017. \"What a Beautiful Name\" won two Dove Awards for Song of the Year and Worship Song of the Year in 2017. It won the 2018 Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song. \"What a Beautiful Name\" was released",
"psg_id": "19789527"
},
{
"title": "My Name Is My Name",
"text": "\"A few poor production choices and uneven sequencing do slow the album, but it shows flashes of real brilliance. The best tracks here are produced by Kanye and Pharrell, and they're concentrated at the beginning and end. The smattering in the middle of the tracklist is handled by host of collaborators, not all of them effectively complimenting Pusha's rawness. While not the defining statement it could’ve been, \"My Name Is My Name\" shows different sides of Pusha T as he becomes a more multidimensional rapper.\" Jabbari Weekes of \"Exclaim!\" said, \"A majority of \"My Name Is My Name\"'s sounds are",
"psg_id": "16953083"
},
{
"title": "M. Scott Peck",
"text": "he calls undertaking \"legitimate suffering\". Peck argues that by trying to avoid legitimate suffering, people actually ultimately end up suffering more. This extra unnecessary suffering is what Scott Peck terms \"neurotic suffering\". He references Carl Jung 'Neurosis is always a substitute for legitimate suffering'. Peck says that our aim must be to eliminate neurotic suffering and to work through our legitimate suffering in order to achieve our individual goals. First published in 1983, \"People of the Lie: The Hope For Healing Human Evil\" () followed on from Peck's first book. Peck describes the stories of several people who came to",
"psg_id": "2931577"
},
{
"title": "Ferdinand Peck",
"text": "on the city board of education. He was also a patron of the arts, particularly concerned with making high art available to the working classes. To this end, he organized the Chicago Grand Opera Festival in 1885. Out of the Festival grew a desire for a more permanent expression of his ideals. Shortly after the Haymarket Square riot, he began planning in earnest for what would become the Auditorium Building. To make his idea real, Peck hired architects Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan, who had worked for him previously to prepare the space for the Grand Opera Festival. Peck provided",
"psg_id": "2966279"
},
{
"title": "G. W. Peck",
"text": "G. W. Peck G. W. Peck is a pseudonymous attribution used as the author or co-author of a number of published mathematics academic papers. Peck is sometimes humorously identified with George Wilbur Peck, a former governor of the US state of Wisconsin. Peck first appeared as the official author of a 1979 paper entitled \"Maximum antichains of rectangular arrays\". The name \"G. W. Peck\" is derived from the initials of the actual writers of this paper: Ronald Graham, Douglas West, George B. Purdy, Paul Erdős, Fan Chung, and Daniel Kleitman. The paper initially listed Peck's affiliation as Xanadu, but the",
"psg_id": "10220322"
},
{
"title": "Dudley S. Gregory",
"text": "in Brooklyn with his wife who had died three years earlier on May 18, 1871. At the time of his death, Dudley's estate was estimated to be worth $1 million and his will provided for annual payments to be made to some of his children and grandchrildren, sister-in-law, and \"Adam Thompson, a colored servant.\" Dudley S. Gregory Dudley Sanford Gregory (February 5, 1800 – December 8, 1874) was the first Mayor of Jersey City, New Jersey, and was elected as a Whig to represent in the United States House of Representatives from 1847 to 1849. Gregory was born in Redding,",
"psg_id": "6897898"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "joined the Vermont National Guard after the Civil War and served in various command and staff positions, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel. From 1870 to 1872 Peck served as chief of staff to Governor John Stewart with the rank of colonel. He was subsequently appointed commander of the Vermont National Guard's 1st Infantry Regiment. Peck succeeded James Stevens Peck (no relation) as Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard with the rank of brigadier general, and served from 1881 to 1901, later receiving promotion to brevet major general to recognize his superior performance. Peck died in Burlington on March",
"psg_id": "14404489"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "of the Potomac and served as commander of the Medal of Honor Legion of the United States. Peck was also an original incorporator of the Sons of the American Revolution. In addition, he was active in the Society of Colonial Wars, General Society of the War of 1812, Military Order of Foreign Wars, Masons, Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, Ethan Allen Club, Algonquin Club of Burlington, and Lake Champlain Yacht Club. In 1891 Peck was appointed to the United States Military Academy Board of Visitors by President Benjamin Harrison. In 1896 Peck received an honorary degree from Norwich University. Peck",
"psg_id": "14404488"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Glasson",
"text": "At the age 19 he was on the road playing with 90's roots rock act Dear Liza opening for Blues Traveler on their multiplatinum Four tour, as well as extensive tours with Derek Trucks Band and a handful of dates on the traveling 90's festival H.O.R.D.E. A decade of touring and recording led to more session work for major labels and indie bands in NH. Greg currently plays full-time with Mother Superior & The Sliding Royales and Tan Vampires. Gregory S. Glasson Gregory Scott Glasson (born December 6, 1974) is an American bass player. He has played bass for Grammy",
"psg_id": "11938137"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Ong",
"text": "citizenship issue, ruling the 2 foundations are “merely would-be oppositors and not actual or bona fide oppositors,” and they are “not real parties in interest who actually stand to be injured or prejudiced by a judgment or decree” granting Ong’s petition. On November 20, 2007, the Supreme Court of the Philippines received the judgment of Regional Trial Court, Br. 264, Pasig City (in Sp. Proc. No. 11767, entitled \"In re: amendment / correction / supplementation or annotation of entry in the certificate of live birth of Gregory S. Ong vs. the Local Civil Register of San Juan; Kilosbayan and Bantay",
"psg_id": "10534411"
},
{
"title": "George H. Peck",
"text": "the remaining value defaulting to the city upon their deaths. He is interred in the Mausoleum of the Golden West, Sanctuary of Faith at Inglewood Park Cemetery, Inglewood, California. George H. Peck George H. Peck (October 15, 1856 – January 9, 1940) was an American real estate broker, developer and millionaire. Born George Huntington Peck, Jr., in San Francisco, California, he began his career as a railroad conductor and is credited with driving the first Southern Pacific train into San Pedro. Convinced of the need for harbor facilities, he later bought land along the seashore and, in 1890–despite little formal",
"psg_id": "9097488"
},
{
"title": "James Peck (pacifist)",
"text": "1934 May Day parade. Peck was hired as a deck boy in 1935, and he joined in a work strike on a boat for better food during his first voyage. In September 1935, Peck was on a boat that anchored in Pensacola, Florida, where Peck joined the longshoremen who were on strike. Peck claimed the union hall was fully integrated at the time by the striking longshoremen. Peck remained there for two weeks before police arrested him for distributing rank-and-file literature on a boat, marking his first arrest. In the labor movement in the 1930s he helped found what later",
"psg_id": "13727513"
},
{
"title": "Robert Newton Peck",
"text": "Robert Newton Peck Robert Newton Peck (born February 17, 1928) is an American author who writes young adult novels. His works include \"Soup\" and \"A Day No Pigs Would Die\". Peck claims his birth date to have been February 17, 1928, but refuses to specify his birthplace. It is believed to be Ticonderoga, New York, where he spent his early years with his mother, Lucille Dornburgh Peck, and aunt Caroline Dornburgh. He attended Ticonderoga High School. His only verified Vermont connection, which Peck hints as his real birthplace, comes from his father, who was born in Sunderland, Vermont. Peck served",
"psg_id": "3269162"
},
{
"title": "Peck & Peck",
"text": "Didion, Peck & Peck was descriptor and shorthand for a certain fashion look. A store classic was the simple A-line dress. Other fashion retailers that grew in the wake of the closure of Peck & Peck were Ann Taylor and Talbots. Since 2008 the Peck & Peck trademark is owned by Stein Mart for its line of woman's clothing. Peck & Peck Peck & Peck was a New York-based retailer of private label women's wear prominent located at 581 Fifth Avenue. Founded by Edgar Wallace Peck and his brother George H. Peck, it began in New York in 1888 as",
"psg_id": "4978284"
},
{
"title": "Austin Peck",
"text": "World Turns\". He first aired in January 2007. In August 2009, it was revealed that Peck would be released from his contract and his character was killed off in October of that year. Peck continued to air as Brad's ghost through December 2009. Peck has guest starred on \"Sabrina, the Teenage Witch\", \"Charmed\", \"The District\", \"Are You A Serial Killer\", as well as the 2006 movie \"Dating Games People Play\" and 2009's \"The Blue Tooth Virgin.\" He has also appeared in the acclaimed off-Broadway play \"The Irish Curse\". In January 2011, it was announced that Peck would join the cast",
"psg_id": "3391510"
},
{
"title": "S. Gregory Boyd",
"text": "S. Gregory Boyd S. Gregory Boyd (Greg Boyd) is an American author, attorney, and professor specializing in intellectual property, the game industry, and high technology media. He is currently a partner and the chairman of the Interactive Entertainment Group at Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz PC and an adjunct professor for the New York Law School. He also sits on the Board of Advisors for MobyGames. Mr. Boyd is co-author (with Sean. F. Kane and Brian Pyne) of Video Game Law: Everything You Need To Know About Legal and Business Issues in the Game Industry (Taylor & Francis/CRC Press, Fall",
"psg_id": "10259857"
},
{
"title": "Stephen S. Gregory",
"text": "& Gregory. In 1880, he married Janet M. Tappan, daughter of Arthur Tappan. The couple had three children together: Charlotte C. Gregory, Tappan Gregory, and Stephen S. Gregory, Jr. He joined the firm of Tenney & Flower in 1879, with the firm shortly thereafter becoming Flower, Tenney & Gregory. He formed a new firm, Gregory, Booth & Flower in 1888. He founded a new firm in 1900, with his son Tappan becoming a partner. Gregory's practice involved him in several high-profile cases. He represented Chicago in \"Illinois Central Railroad v. Illinois\", 146 U.S. 387 (1892). He represented Patrick Eugene Prendergast",
"psg_id": "15065235"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Aldrete",
"text": "of Daily Life in the Ancient World\", and \"Daily Life in the Ancient Roman City: Rome, Pompeii, and Ostia\". He has conducted research on a type of ancient cloth body armor (sometimes called a linothorax). Aldrete is a member of the Phaeton Group, serving as the group's ancient historian, as well as its secretary and treasurer. Aldrete's interdisciplinary approach to the study of the ancient world, which he incorporates into his lectures, has earned him fellowships. Apart from numerous research trips to Italy, Aldrete has studied Vatican Library manuscripts. Gregory S. Aldrete Gregory S. Aldrete (born 1966) is a professor",
"psg_id": "8300594"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Aldrete",
"text": "Gregory S. Aldrete Gregory S. Aldrete (born 1966) is a professor of history and humanistic studies currently teaching at the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, where he has been teaching since 1995. His emphasis is on rhetoric and oratory, floods in Rome, ancient Greek and Roman history, and daily life in the Roman world. He earned his undergraduate degree from Princeton University and his Ph.D. in ancient history from the University of Michigan. Aldrete speaks Latin, ancient Greek, Spanish, and can read texts in Italian, French, and German. Aldrete has written the books \"Gestures and Acclamations in Ancient Rome\", \"The Encyclopedia",
"psg_id": "8300593"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Woodward",
"text": "return to. In 2012 Woodward was named the 22nd President of Carthage College. During his time at Carthage he was able to create a new Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree, while overseeing major revisions to the Honors Program. He also oversaw the execution of a newly constructed $43 million Science Center. Woodward became the 6th President of the University of Hartford in 2017. Gregory S. Woodward Gregory S. Woodward is the current president of the University of Hartford. He is also president emeritus of Carthage College. Woodward grew up in West Hartford, Connecticut, and graduated from William H. Hall",
"psg_id": "20836276"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Woodward",
"text": "Gregory S. Woodward Gregory S. Woodward is the current president of the University of Hartford. He is also president emeritus of Carthage College. Woodward grew up in West Hartford, Connecticut, and graduated from William H. Hall High School. He attended the University of Connecticut where he received a bachelors degree in 1977, and would receive a doctor of music arts from Cornell University and masters from Ithaca College. During the 2010-2011 academic year Woodward served as the interim vice president for academic affairs/provost, after serving as dean of the School of Music at the College, a position he would later",
"psg_id": "20836275"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Alexander",
"text": "after which he studied at the University of Chicago Law School as a Bigelow Fellow. Alexander began teaching at the University of Georgia School of Law after studying as a Bigelow Fellow. In 1985, Alexander moved to Cornell Law School. In 1997, Alexander received the American Publishers Association's 1997 Best Book of the Year in Law award for his work, \"Commodity and Propriety\". Alexander is a member of the American Law Institute, American Society for Legal History, Law & Society Association, and Order of the Coif. Gregory S. Alexander Gregory S. Alexander is an American lawyer and author. He currently",
"psg_id": "19496592"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Alexander",
"text": "Gregory S. Alexander Gregory S. Alexander is an American lawyer and author. He currently serves as the A. Robert Noll Professor of Law at Cornell Law School and is an \"internationally renowned expert in property law and theory.\" He authored several books. Alexander received an undergraduate degree at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, graduating in 1970. In 1973, he graduated from Northwestern University School of Law with a J.D. degree. From 1974-75, he was a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Philosophy at the University of Chicago. After graduating, Alexander clerked on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit,",
"psg_id": "19496591"
},
{
"title": "Robert Newton Peck",
"text": "of 2005, he lived in Longwood, Florida with his wife. Robert Newton Peck Robert Newton Peck (born February 17, 1928) is an American author who writes young adult novels. His works include \"Soup\" and \"A Day No Pigs Would Die\". Peck claims his birth date to have been February 17, 1928, but refuses to specify his birthplace. It is believed to be Ticonderoga, New York, where he spent his early years with his mother, Lucille Dornburgh Peck, and aunt Caroline Dornburgh. He attended Ticonderoga High School. His only verified Vermont connection, which Peck hints as his real birthplace, comes from",
"psg_id": "3269165"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Newbold",
"text": "Corps General Joseph P. Hoar, General Tony Zinni, Lt. General Frank E. Petersen, and Congressman Jack Murtha in endorsing fellow former U.S. Marine and Secretary of the Navy Jim Webb for U.S. Senate in Virginia. Gregory S. Newbold Lieutenant General Gregory S. Newbold is a retired United States Marine Corps 3-star general who served as Director of Operations (J-3) for the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 2000 until he retired in October 2002. Openly critical of Donald Rumsfeld's plans for the invasion of Iraq, he retired partly as a protest. After his commissioning as a second lieutenant in 1970",
"psg_id": "7555963"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Newbold",
"text": "Gregory S. Newbold Lieutenant General Gregory S. Newbold is a retired United States Marine Corps 3-star general who served as Director of Operations (J-3) for the Joint Chiefs of Staff from October 2000 until he retired in October 2002. Openly critical of Donald Rumsfeld's plans for the invasion of Iraq, he retired partly as a protest. After his commissioning as a second lieutenant in 1970 he attended The Basic School at the Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia, where he was designated an infantry officer. Lieutenant General Newbold's assignments have included Fleet Marine Force tours in the 1st Marine Division, the",
"psg_id": "7555960"
},
{
"title": "Seow Peck Leng",
"text": "Seow Peck Leng Seow Peck Leng (\"née\" Chua Seng Kim 17 September 1911 - 13 April 2007) was a Singaporean politician, educator and advocate for women's rights. She was one of the first women members of parliament in Singapore and the only woman of an opposition party at the time. Peck Leng was born on 17 September 1911 under the name Chua Seng Kim. She grew up in a middle class Peranakan family. After her mother died, when she was three years old, Peck Leng was raised by her aunt. Peck Leng went first to the Singapore Chinese Girls' School",
"psg_id": "20454045"
},
{
"title": "Dove Gregory",
"text": "two matches in the 1872 season which were both against Lancashire. He took 5 for 70 in the first match. Dove was a right-arm round arm fast bowler and took 25 wickets in his four first-class matches, with an average of 10.20. As a right-handed batsman he played 7 innings in the four matches with a top score of 10 and an average of 4.75. Gregory died at the age of 36 at the start of the 1873 season. Dove Gregory Dove Gregory (real name Gregory Dove; 9 February 1837 — 21 May 1873) was an English first-class cricketer who",
"psg_id": "10081952"
},
{
"title": "Ferdinand Peck",
"text": "Ferdinand Peck Ferdinand Wythe Peck (1848-1924) was a wealthy Chicago, Illinois, businessman and philanthropist, best known for financing Chicago's Auditorium Building. He was the youngest son of Mary Kent Peck and Phillip F.W. Peck. The family moved from Rhode Island to Chicago in the 1830s and made a fortune in real estate. Peck and his brothers took over the family fortune when their father died, and soon were among the wealthiest families in Chicago. Ferdinand was a civic-minded individual, and was involved in many projects around the city. He was a founding member of the Illinois humane society, and served",
"psg_id": "2966278"
},
{
"title": "Renee Peck",
"text": "of New Orleans. She also began the paper's parenting page, Internet page, and worked on a small team tasked to create its first web site. During Hurricane Katrina's awful wake, Peck was part of the story she was suddenly covering. \"My first assignment was a re-entry story,\" Peck remembers. \"What do you do when you're coming back after the flood? Do you need tetanus shots? Do you need hepatitis (shots)? What do you do if there are snakes in the water?\" Her answer was to chronicle her own rebuild (her house was destroyed by flooding when the levees breached after",
"psg_id": "13210524"
},
{
"title": "David Peck",
"text": "advocates for a variety of on the ground organizations. He is a regular contributor to an exclusive bi-weekly digital newsmagazine,hosted on The MindMarket. Subscribers receive the latest on social change and entrepreneurial ideas that transform the way we see the world. He is also a writer and blogs regularly on topics related to philosophy, development, innovation and ideas. To date, Peck has published two books. \"Real Change is Incremental\" won a Word Guild Cultural Award. In 2015, his second book, \"Irreconcilable Differences\" was published by PickWick Publications. David Peck David Peck is a Canadian international development consultant, public speaker and",
"psg_id": "17455329"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "companies cavalry with plenty of turpentine and tar for his use as soon as had crossed but the bridge must be burned at all hazards and the enemy prevented from crossing, for it was well known throughout the entire command that their salvation depended upon the burning of both these bridges; if either was left undestroyed and the enemy permitted to cross, the chances were that what was left of the Union forces would be captured. Lieutenant Peck had made a desperate fight all the afternoon, and had been the farthest out toward the enemy the entire time, holding them",
"psg_id": "14404483"
},
{
"title": "Hardman Peck",
"text": "Company in New York. Hardman, Peck & Company The Hardman name is one of the more illustrious names in American piano manufacturing. Hugh Hardman is first listed in New York's piano industry as early as 1842, the date that Hardman, Peck & Company claims as their date of establishment. Hardman headed his own firm building pianos under his own name until 1877 when he went into partnership with his son, John Hardman, establishing the firm of 'Hardman & Company'. Hugh Hardman retired in 1879, leaving the firm to his son John who continued to operate with great success. In 1880,",
"psg_id": "8368725"
},
{
"title": "William Dandridge Peck",
"text": "had a son, also named William Dandridge Peck (18121876), who was a physician and state legislator. William Dandridge Peck William Dandridge Peck (May 8, 1763 Boston – October 8, 1822 Cambridge, Massachusetts) was a botanist, and America ’s first native entomologist. He graduated Harvard College in 1782 and eventually became Harvard's Massachusetts Professor of Natural History. He was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1793. Dandridge was also a founding member of the American Antiquarian Society in 1812, and served as the society's first vice-president from 1812-1816. His pioneering entomological article was \"The Description",
"psg_id": "8831858"
},
{
"title": "Tiler Peck",
"text": "Within\" (2014) and \"Ballet 422\" (2014). In TV, Peck made a guest appearance on ABC's \"Dancing with the Stars\". She played the role of Dewdrop in Live from Lincoln Center’s George Balanchine’s \"The Nutcracker\" in 2011. In 2013, she performed the role of Louise Bigelow in Rodgers & Hammerstein´s \"Carousel\". Peck was the main focus of the 2018 documentary movie \"Ballet Now\". \"Ballet Now\" was shown at the 2018 Seattle International Film Festival and was available on Hulu starting in July 2018. Tiler Peck is also the designer of Tiler Peck Designs for Body Wrappers. As an athlete and ballerina",
"psg_id": "11696552"
},
{
"title": "Seow Peck Leng",
"text": "was inducted into the Singapore Women's Hall of Fame. Seow Peck Leng Seow Peck Leng (\"née\" Chua Seng Kim 17 September 1911 - 13 April 2007) was a Singaporean politician, educator and advocate for women's rights. She was one of the first women members of parliament in Singapore and the only woman of an opposition party at the time. Peck Leng was born on 17 September 1911 under the name Chua Seng Kim. She grew up in a middle class Peranakan family. After her mother died, when she was three years old, Peck Leng was raised by her aunt. Peck",
"psg_id": "20454049"
},
{
"title": "Gregory S. Prince Jr.",
"text": "of the faculty for curriculum planning and resource development at Dartmouth College and a professor of history. Hampshire College President Gregory S. Prince Jr. Announces His Retirement Gregory S. Prince Jr. Gregory Smith Prince Jr. (born 1939) became Hampshire College's fourth president in 1989 and retired in 2005. In his 15 years at the helm of Hampshire, Prince worked to broaden the public's awareness of the value and role of liberal arts education, reinforcing the understanding that the liberal arts are about developing an attitude of mind, not simply conveying a body of knowledge. Prince built partnerships with organizations outside",
"psg_id": "11040979"
},
{
"title": "Theodore S. Peck",
"text": "which gave the Union men an advantage of about three hours, and saved the command. Citation: By long and persistent resistance and burning the bridges, kept a superior force of the enemy at bay and covered the retreat of the garrison. He was the principal of T.S. Peck Insurance, a Burlington insurance company which is still an active agency. Peck was an active member of the Grand Army of the Republic, the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, and the Reunion Society of Vermont Officers. He was also a member of the Society of the Army",
"psg_id": "14404487"
}
] | [
"eldred (disambiguation)",
"eldred"
] |
golfer bobby jones was born in which state? | [
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Trent Jones, with whom he worked from time to time. \"People always used to get them confused, so when they met, they decided each be called something different,\" Robert Trent Jones Jr. said. To help avoid confusion, the golfer was called \"Bobby,\" and the golf course designer was called \"Trent.\" Born in Atlanta, Georgia, Jones battled health issues as a young boy, and golf was prescribed to strengthen him. Encouraged by his father, \"Colonel\" Robert Purmedus Jones, an Atlanta lawyer, Jones loved golf from the start. He developed quickly into a child prodigy, who won his first children's tournament at",
"psg_id": "2539501"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Jones (known as Jonesheirs, Inc.)for the use of the Bobby Jones name. Amateur <! -- Misc. cats --> <! -- Birth/death cats --> Bobby Jones (golfer) Robert Tyre Jones Jr. (March 17, 1902 – December 18, 1971) was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport; he was also a lawyer by profession. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club, and co-founded the Masters Tournament. The innovations that he introduced at the Masters have been copied by virtually every professional golf tournament in the world. Jones was",
"psg_id": "2539535"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (golfer) Robert Tyre Jones Jr. (March 17, 1902 – December 18, 1971) was an American amateur golfer who was one of the most influential figures in the history of the sport; he was also a lawyer by profession. Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club, and co-founded the Masters Tournament. The innovations that he introduced at the Masters have been copied by virtually every professional golf tournament in the world. Jones was the most successful amateur golfer ever to compete at a national and international level. During his peak from 1923 to 1930, he dominated",
"psg_id": "2539497"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "shown in bold. Defeated Bobby Cruickshank in an 18-hole playoff: Jones 76 (+4), Cruickshank 78 (+6). National Amateur championships were counted as majors at the time. Jones' actual major total using the standard in place in his lifetime was 13. The majors of Jones' time (those for which as an amateur he was eligible) were the U.S. and British Opens and Amateurs. Jones retired after his Grand Slam in 1930, playing only his own tournament, The Masters. As an amateur golfer, he was not eligible to compete in the PGA Championship. M = Medalist LA = Low amateur NT =",
"psg_id": "2539527"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "in 1931 titled \"How I Play Golf, by Bobby Jones\" (12 films) and in 1933 titled \"How to Break 90\" (six films). The shorts were designed to be shown in theaters alongside feature films, whereby \"would-be golfers of the country can have the Jones' instruction for the price of a theater ticket.\" Jones indicated at the time of the making of the 1931 series that the films would be \"designed as instructive\" but not \"so complicated that a non-golfer can't understand them.\" Actors and actresses, mostly under contract with Warner Brothers, but also from other studios, volunteered to appear in",
"psg_id": "2539530"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones Open",
"text": "Bobby Jones Open The Bobby Jones Open is a golf tournament for people whose names are Robert Jones, Bob Jones, Bobby Jones, Robby Jones, or Rob Jones. It was started by Robert A. Jones from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. The tournament has raised almost $200,000 for Syringomyelia research. It is named after Bobby Jones, considered the greatest amateur golfer ever. In 1930 at the age of 28, he won the U.S. and British Opens and the U.S. and British Amateur Championships. To date, no one has duplicated that record. He was stricken with Syringomyelia, a disorder of the spinal nerves which",
"psg_id": "11699778"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Mitchell (golfer)",
"text": "Bobby Mitchell (golfer) Bobby Wayne Mitchell (February 23, 1943 – March 20, 2018) was an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour and the Champions Tour. Mitchell was born in Chatham, Virginia and was raised in nearby Danville, Virginia. He dropped out of high school and turned pro at 15. He won the Virginia State Golf Association Open, the Virginia State PGA Open and the Carolinas PGA Championship before joining the PGA Tour. Mitchell won two PGA Tour events during his career: the 1971 Cleveland Open and the 1972 Tournament of Champions. He had more than two dozen",
"psg_id": "8963102"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "and Nicklaus. Phil Mickelson holds the dubious record with six (1999, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2013) second-place finishes. His five titles in the U.S. Amateur are a record. Jones was ranked as the fourth greatest golfer of all time by \"Golf Digest\" magazine in 2000. Nicklaus was first, Hogan second, and Snead third. Jones was ranked as the third greatest golfer of all time in a major survey published by \"Golf Magazine\", September 2009. Nicklaus was ranked first, with Tiger Woods second, Hogan fourth, and Snead fifth. Jones appeared in a series of short instructional films produced by Warner Brothers",
"psg_id": "2539529"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "is considered one of the rarest and most sought after golf books by collectors. To keep this book readily available to golfers, Herbert Warren Wind included a reproduction of \"Down the Fairway\" in his Classics of Golf Library. Jones has been the subject of several books, most notably \"The Bobby Jones Story\" and \"A Boy's Life of Bobby Jones\", both by O.B. Keeler. Other notable texts are \"The Life and Times of Bobby Jones: Portrait of a Gentleman\" by Sidney L. Matthew, \"The Greatest Player Who Never Lived\" by J. Michael Veron, and \"Triumphant Journey: The Saga of Bobby Jones",
"psg_id": "2539533"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1962)",
"text": "or associate coach from 1991 to 1999 at four schools: Middle Tennessee State, Western Kentucky, Pittsburgh, and Minnesota. St. Francis had an 85–167 record while Jones was the head coach. After his resignation, Jones began working as a scout. Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1962) Bobby Jones (born January 9, 1962) is an American basketball coach. He is the former head men's basketball coach at Saint Francis University. Jones resigned after the 2008 season, his ninth with the school. He is currently serving as the athletic director at Trinity High School in Washington, Pennsylvania. After being named high school Player of",
"psg_id": "10210880"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius",
"text": "Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius is a 2004 biographical drama film based on the life of golfer Bobby Jones, the only player in the sport to win all four of the men's major golf championships in a single season (1930, an era when the majors were The Amateur Championship in Britain, the U.S. Amateur, The Open Championship and the U.S. Open). The film was the first motion picture concerning the Royal and Ancient Golf Club at St. Andrews that was given permission to film on location. In 1936, golfer Bobby Jones, while traveling to the",
"psg_id": "7986550"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones Open",
"text": "Jr. at Shanty Creek - Bellaire, MI 2004 Derby City Jr., Holly at French Lick Springs Resort - French Lick, IN 2005 Holly, Junior at The Fortress - Frankenmuth, MI 2006 R.D., Holly at Talega Golf Club - San Clemente, CA Bobby Jones Open The Bobby Jones Open is a golf tournament for people whose names are Robert Jones, Bob Jones, Bobby Jones, Robby Jones, or Rob Jones. It was started by Robert A. Jones from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. The tournament has raised almost $200,000 for Syringomyelia research. It is named after Bobby Jones, considered the greatest amateur golfer ever.",
"psg_id": "11699782"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "he was portrayed by Jim Caviezel. The Jones legend was also used to create a supporting character in \"The Legend of Bagger Vance\" in 2000, portrayed by Joel Gretsch, and the event where he called his own penalty is used for the fictional protagonist, Rannulph Junuh. Jones authored several books on golf including \"Down the Fairway\" with Oscar Bane \"O.B.\" Keeler (1927), \"The Rights and Wrongs of Golf\" (1933), \"Golf Is My Game\" (1959), \"Bobby Jones on Golf\" (1966), and \"Bobby Jones on the Basic Golf Swing\" (1968) with illustrator Anthony Ravielli. The 300-copy limited edition of \"Down the Fairway\"",
"psg_id": "2539532"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Cole (golfer)",
"text": "to author Linda Parker. He resides in Windermere, Florida where he teaches private lessons, corporate retreats, and plays ProAms and other golf events. Cole was twice married to LPGA Tour player Laura Baugh, and the couple had seven children together, including professional golfer Eric Cole. CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" indicates a tie for a place Amateur Professional Bobby Cole (golfer) Robert E. Cole (born 11 May 1948) is a South African professional golfer. Cole was born in Springs, South Africa. As a child, he was influenced by the careers of Bobby Locke and Gary Player. After suffering",
"psg_id": "8504289"
},
{
"title": "Matt Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Matt Jones (golfer) Matthew Jones (born 19 April 1980) is an Australian professional golfer who has played on the Nationwide Tour, the PGA Tour of Australasia and the PGA Tour. Jones was born in Sydney. He later moved to the United States to attend Arizona State University where he was a first-team All-American. He turned professional in 2001. Jones joined the Nationwide Tour in 2004, but did not have a break-out year until 2007. After having only a combined 8 top-10 finishes in his first three seasons between 2004 and 2006, he almost matched that in one season. He had",
"psg_id": "13662603"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Greenwood (golfer)",
"text": "Bobby Greenwood (golfer) Robert Stanton Greenwood, Jr. (born October 27, 1938) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour for seven years (1969 through 1975). He is a PGA of America Life Member. Greenwood was born in Cookeville, Tennessee. Prior to his amateur career, he was twice ranked in the Top Ten Amateurs in the United States by \"Golf Magazine\" and \"Golf Digest\". He was a three-time NCAA-All American at North Texas State University and was inducted into University of North Texas Sports Hall of Fame on November 2, 2002 in Denton, Texas. He was inducted into",
"psg_id": "11896414"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Cole (golfer)",
"text": "Bobby Cole (golfer) Robert E. Cole (born 11 May 1948) is a South African professional golfer. Cole was born in Springs, South Africa. As a child, he was influenced by the careers of Bobby Locke and Gary Player. After suffering a bicycle accident related knee injury, Cole took up golf at the age of eleven. He won both the South Africa junior golf championship and the Vaal Amateur. Cole made more than 150 cuts in PGA Tour tournament play. In 1966, Cole won the British Amateur at Carnoustie, Scotland, at age 18, the youngest winner to that stage. In 1974",
"psg_id": "8504286"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "a framed replica jersey that simply states his last name without the letter B, since he was the only Sixer named Jones to play on the 1983 team. Jones is currently the assistant varsity basketball coach at Charlotte Christian School, in Charlotte, North Carolina Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951) Robert Clyde Jones (born December 18, 1951) is an American retired professional basketball player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Bobby Jones was one of the most admired defenders ever to wear an NBA uniform; he was also considered one of the most virtuous. While most",
"psg_id": "4777391"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951) Robert Clyde Jones (born December 18, 1951) is an American retired professional basketball player in the American Basketball Association (ABA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). Bobby Jones was one of the most admired defenders ever to wear an NBA uniform; he was also considered one of the most virtuous. While most other players depended on the occasional thrown elbow, hip-check, or grab of the uniform to gain an advantage, Jones relied on hustle and determination. It was Jones’ stellar defense along with his other specialties such as leadership, that made him a standout sixth man.",
"psg_id": "4777367"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius",
"text": "commercial failure, with an opening weekend gross of $1.2 million and $2,707,913 overall, against a production cost of $20 million. The film received negative reviews with a 26% rating on Rotten Tomatoes. On Metacritic, which uses an average of critics' reviews, the film has a 45/100 rating, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius is a 2004 biographical drama film based on the life of golfer Bobby Jones, the only player in the sport to win all four of the men's major golf championships in a single season (1930, an era when",
"psg_id": "7986556"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones: Stroke of Genius",
"text": "Championships through 1929. During that timeframe, Jones attends Harvard College and later Emory University School of Law, becoming a lawyer by profession (which was his grandfather's wish), never turning professional as a golfer. By 1930, Jones begins to lose interest in tournament golf. He tells Mary his final goal is to win all 4 majors in the same year and will then retire. That year, Jones accomplishes that goal, becoming the first and still only golfer to win the calendar Grand Slam. Soon after, Bobby keeps his word and he shocks the sports world by retiring from tournament golf at",
"psg_id": "7986554"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "staged by the club since 1934 (except for 1943–45, when it was canceled due to World War II). The Masters evolved into one of golf's four major championships. Jones came out of retirement in 1934 to play in the Masters on an exhibition basis through 1948. Jones played his last round of golf at East Lake Golf Club, his home course in Atlanta, on August 18, 1948. A picture commemorating the event now sits in the clubhouse at East Lake. Citing health reasons, he quit golf permanently thereafter. Bobby Jones was often confused with the prolific golf course designer, Robert",
"psg_id": "2539500"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1984)",
"text": "Los Angeles, in Rome, and in Seattle in July 2015. Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1984) Bobby Ray Jones Jr. (born 9 January 1984) is an American-born naturalised-Equatorial Guinean professional basketball player who plays for NPC Rieti of the Italian Serie A2. He notably played for five different NBA teams in a single season (2007–08), later moving to Italy to continue his career. Jones played high school basketball with Dominguez (Compton, California) for three years - playing alongside Tyson Chandler - before moving to Long Beach Polytechnic for his senior year amidst the controversial nomination of Mack Calvin as coach. He",
"psg_id": "8269068"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1984)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1984) Bobby Ray Jones Jr. (born 9 January 1984) is an American-born naturalised-Equatorial Guinean professional basketball player who plays for NPC Rieti of the Italian Serie A2. He notably played for five different NBA teams in a single season (2007–08), later moving to Italy to continue his career. Jones played high school basketball with Dominguez (Compton, California) for three years - playing alongside Tyson Chandler - before moving to Long Beach Polytechnic for his senior year amidst the controversial nomination of Mack Calvin as coach. He joined the University of Washington, playing in the Pacific-10 Conference",
"psg_id": "8269047"
},
{
"title": "Brian Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Brian Jones (golfer) Brian Jones (born 12 September 1951) is an Australian professional golfer. Jones was born in Sydney. He turned professional in 1971. He played on the throughout Asia and Australasia including on the Japan Golf Tour. He won the Indian Open two times, five times in Australasia, and twelve times in Japan. He won 11 events on the Japan Golf Tour between 1977 and 1993. Jones played on the European Seniors Tour from 2002 to 2005, winning the 2002 De Vere Hotels Seniors Classic. \"Note: Jones only played in The Open Championship.\"<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut",
"psg_id": "11325906"
},
{
"title": "Kent Jones (golfer)",
"text": "career earnings are over $5.3 million. \"Note: The U.S. Open was the only major Jones played.\" CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" = tied Kent Jones (golfer) Kent Jones (born January 8, 1967) is an American professional golfer. Jones was born in Portales, New Mexico. He graduated from the University of New Mexico with Bachelor's (1990) and Masters (1991) degrees in business administration. He turned professional in 1992. Jones has played on the Canadian Tour (1993–94), the Hooters Tour (1995), the Nationwide Tour (1996–97, 2000, 2010, 2012–13), and the PGA Tour (1998–99, 2001–09). He has two wins on the",
"psg_id": "13031513"
},
{
"title": "Steve Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Steve Jones (golfer) Steven Glen Jones (born December 27, 1958) is an American professional golfer, best known for winning the U.S. Open in 1996. Jones was born in Artesia, New Mexico. He was a semi-finalist at the U.S. Junior Amateur in 1976. He attended the University of Colorado and turned professional in 1981. In the early years of his professional career, Jones did not have much success. He played the PGA Tour in 1982, but only made three cuts. His first top-10 finish came at the Texas Open in September 1985, and in 1986 he was medalist at the PGA",
"psg_id": "5161263"
},
{
"title": "Steve Jones (golfer)",
"text": "PGA Championship. Jones has not played any Champions Tour events in 2016. His career on the Champions Tour consists of 61 events played, making 57 cuts and one top ten finish. His total career earnings are over $700,000. PGA Tour playoff record (2–1) CUT = missed the half way cut \"T\" indicates a tie for a place. Professional Steve Jones (golfer) Steven Glen Jones (born December 27, 1958) is an American professional golfer, best known for winning the U.S. Open in 1996. Jones was born in Artesia, New Mexico. He was a semi-finalist at the U.S. Junior Amateur in 1976.",
"psg_id": "5161270"
},
{
"title": "Kent Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Kent Jones (golfer) Kent Jones (born January 8, 1967) is an American professional golfer. Jones was born in Portales, New Mexico. He graduated from the University of New Mexico with Bachelor's (1990) and Masters (1991) degrees in business administration. He turned professional in 1992. Jones has played on the Canadian Tour (1993–94), the Hooters Tour (1995), the Nationwide Tour (1996–97, 2000, 2010, 2012–13), and the PGA Tour (1998–99, 2001–09). He has two wins on the Web.com Tour, both coming in 2000. Jones career best placed finish on the PGA Tour is a T6 at the 2006 84 Lumber Classic. His",
"psg_id": "13031512"
},
{
"title": "Brian Jones (golfer)",
"text": "(3rd round cut in 1976, 1979 and 1982 Open Championships)<br> \"T\" indicates a tie for a place Brian Jones (golfer) Brian Jones (born 12 September 1951) is an Australian professional golfer. Jones was born in Sydney. He turned professional in 1971. He played on the throughout Asia and Australasia including on the Japan Golf Tour. He won the Indian Open two times, five times in Australasia, and twelve times in Japan. He won 11 events on the Japan Golf Tour between 1977 and 1993. Jones played on the European Seniors Tour from 2002 to 2005, winning the 2002 De Vere",
"psg_id": "11325907"
},
{
"title": "Rowland Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Rowland Jones (golfer) Rowland Thomas Jones (1871 – 2 February 1952) was an English professional golfer who played in the late 19th and early 20th century. Jones had two top-10 finishes in the Open Championship. His best performance came in the 1905 Open Championship when he finished tied for second place. Jones was born in St Helens, Isle of Wight, England, in 1871, the son of James Jones and Maria Saunders. Jones won the Tooting Bec Cup in 1908 having been a runner-up in 1901. He was runner-up in the London Professional Foursomes Tournament in 1907, where he partnered Alfred",
"psg_id": "18773093"
},
{
"title": "Rowland Jones (golfer)",
"text": "= missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" indicates a tie for a place Rowland Jones (golfer) Rowland Thomas Jones (1871 – 2 February 1952) was an English professional golfer who played in the late 19th and early 20th century. Jones had two top-10 finishes in the Open Championship. His best performance came in the 1905 Open Championship when he finished tied for second place. Jones was born in St Helens, Isle of Wight, England, in 1871, the son of James Jones and Maria Saunders. Jones won the Tooting Bec Cup in 1908 having been a runner-up in 1901. He was runner-up",
"psg_id": "18773097"
},
{
"title": "Brendan Jones (golfer)",
"text": "in the top 100 of the Official World Golf Ranking. \"this list may be incomplete\" CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" = tied Amateur Professional Brendan Jones (golfer) Brendan Mark Jones (born 3 March 1975) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour. Jones was born in West Wyalong, New South Wales and turned professional in 1999. He spent several seasons playing on the Japan Golf Tour, where he has won 14 tournaments. In 2005, he was a member of the PGA Tour. Despite finishing in a tie for second at the B.C. Open, he",
"psg_id": "8156131"
},
{
"title": "Brendan Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Brendan Jones (golfer) Brendan Mark Jones (born 3 March 1975) is an Australian professional golfer who plays on the Japan Golf Tour. Jones was born in West Wyalong, New South Wales and turned professional in 1999. He spent several seasons playing on the Japan Golf Tour, where he has won 14 tournaments. In 2005, he was a member of the PGA Tour. Despite finishing in a tie for second at the B.C. Open, he narrowly failed to win enough money to retain his tour card. In 2007 he won three events on the Japan Golf Tour and he has featured",
"psg_id": "8156130"
},
{
"title": "Ernie Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Ernie Jones (golfer) Ernest Thomas Jones (born 22 September 1932) is an Irish professional golfer. He twice won the Irish PGA Championship and represented Ireland in the 1965 Canada Cup. His biggest individual successes came in the 1961 Cox Moore Tournament and, as a senior, in the 1984 Trusthouse Forte PGA Seniors Championship. Jones won the Irish PGA Championship in 1955 and 1964. He also won the 1959 Hennessy Tournament. Outside Ireland, Jones was a surprise winner of the 1961 Cox Moore Tournament with an impressive score of 270, two strokes ahead of Peter Alliss, taking the first prize of",
"psg_id": "20439111"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "and the Grand Slam of Golf\" by Richard Miller. Published in 2006, \"The Grand Slam\" by Mark Frost has received much note as being evocative of Jones's life and times. A special room is dedicated to Jones's life and accomplishments at the United States Golf Association Museum and Arnold Palmer Center for Golf History in Far Hills, New Jersey. In 1981, the U.S. Postal Service issued an 18 cent stamp commemorating Jones. Founded in 2013, Jones Global Sports designs, develops, and sells apparel, accessories and golf equipment. The company has an exclusive, worldwide license agreement with the family of Bobby",
"psg_id": "2539534"
},
{
"title": "John Jones (golfer)",
"text": "top-10 John Jones (golfer) John Jones (22 February 1863 – 16 June 1921) was an English professional golfer who played in the late 19th and early 20th century. He had two top-10 finishes in the U.S. Open. Jones was born in Hoylake, Cheshire, England in 1863 and emigrated to the United States in 1897. His wife Ellen Maria (nee Roberts) joined him the next year. There are few references to him before he emigrated, although he did played in the 1895 Irish Championship Meeting Professional Tournament at Royal Portrush Golf Club, losing to David Herd in the first round. In",
"psg_id": "18706961"
},
{
"title": "John Jones (golfer)",
"text": "John Jones (golfer) John Jones (22 February 1863 – 16 June 1921) was an English professional golfer who played in the late 19th and early 20th century. He had two top-10 finishes in the U.S. Open. Jones was born in Hoylake, Cheshire, England in 1863 and emigrated to the United States in 1897. His wife Ellen Maria (nee Roberts) joined him the next year. There are few references to him before he emigrated, although he did played in the 1895 Irish Championship Meeting Professional Tournament at Royal Portrush Golf Club, losing to David Herd in the first round. In America",
"psg_id": "18706957"
},
{
"title": "David Jones (golfer)",
"text": "David Jones (golfer) David Jones (born 22 June 1947) is a former European Tour golfer from Bangor, Northern Ireland. His best season was 1981, when he won the Irish PGA Championship and was joint third in the Carroll's Irish Open. He also won the 1989 Kenya Open and later played on the European Seniors Tour, winning the 1999 Jersey Seniors Open. Jones played regularly on the European Tour from the start of the tour in 1972. He had limited success, his best finish being tied for third in the 1981 Carroll's Irish Open. Played at Portmarnock Golf Club, the event",
"psg_id": "15927355"
},
{
"title": "Ernie Jones (golfer)",
"text": "£1,000. He also won the 1971 Kenya Open in a playoff. Jones played in the Open Championship 8 times between 1957 and 1972 but only make the cut once, on his last appearance in 1972. As a senior, Jones won the 1984 Trusthouse Forte PGA Seniors Championship at Stratford-on-Avon, beating Peter Butler and Ross Whitehead by 3 strokes and winning £3,000. \"Note: Jones only played in The Open Championship.\"<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" indicates a tie for a place Ernie Jones (golfer) Ernest Thomas Jones (born 22 September 1932) is an Irish professional golfer. He twice won",
"psg_id": "20439112"
},
{
"title": "Ernest Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Ernest Jones (golfer) Ernest Jones (October 25, 1887– July 1965) was an English professional golfer. He is renowned for his accomplishments in teaching many famous professional golfers as well as amateurs. He tutored Virginia Van Wie for many years, including during her stretch of three consecutive U.S. Women's Amateurs from 1932–34. He also worked with Glenna Collett Vare, Lawson Little, Betty Hicks, Phil Farley, George Schniter, Horton Smith and other top players of the era. Jones was born near Manchester, England. He began playing golf as a young boy and won the caddie championship at age 12. By the age",
"psg_id": "12933446"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (singer)",
"text": "inspirational stories by top Gospel artists about how God has changed their lives. Dr. Bobby Jones, leader of The Nashville Super Choir, has now opened his own production studio, Visions, located in Nashville. Jones has a wife, Ethel, and they have a daughter, Sonnetta. He is a member of Phi Beta Sigma fraternity. 7. ^https://www.vibe.com/2018/03/bobby-jones-why-bobby-jones-gospel-was-cancelled/ Bobby Jones (singer) Bobby Jones (born September 18, 1939 in Henry, Tennessee, United States) is an American Gospel music singer and television host from Nashville, Tennessee and the host and executive producer of several cable television's gospel music programs including the former\"Bobby Jones Gospel\". Jones",
"psg_id": "8037612"
},
{
"title": "David Jones (golfer)",
"text": "twice captain of the Great Britain and Ireland team. He won the PGA Club Professionals Championship three times, in 1978, 1979 and 1994. After his career on the circuit, he became a course designer and golf coach. He has designed golf courses in his native Ireland and various countries, principally Kenya, Turkey, Tanzania and Finland. \"Note: Jones only played in The Open Championship.\"<br> CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> \"T\" indicates a tie for a place David Jones (golfer) David Jones (born 22 June 1947) is a former European Tour golfer from Bangor, Northern Ireland. His best season was 1981,",
"psg_id": "15927359"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Simpson (golfer)",
"text": "Bobby Simpson (golfer) Robert S. Simpson was a Scottish professional golfer who achieved success in winning two Western Opens in 1907 and 1911, as well as finishing fourth in the U.S. Open in 1904. Simpson was from Carnoustie, Scotland. He apprenticed under Robert Simpson, a Scottish golf club-maker and golf course architect, who was also from Carnoustie and part of a famous golf family of six brothers. The two Simpsons however were not related. Bobby Simpson did apprentice in Scotland as a club-maker under the other Robert Simpson prior to leaving for the United States to become a golf professional.",
"psg_id": "20910233"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (footballer, born 1933)",
"text": "at Chester as he earned more in his work as a structural engineer. In March 1958 Jones moved to Blackburn Rovers for £3,000, going on to play top flight football over the next eight years. Jones was released by Blackburn Rovers in 1966 and he dropped into non–league football with Great Harwood Town, where he would have spells as player, trainer and manager until 1977. Away from football he ran his own design business Jones Wilkinson Construction Services along with lifelong Friend Ken Wilkinson until retiring in 1985 on health grounds. He died in 1998. Bobby Jones (footballer, born 1933)",
"psg_id": "12678722"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (singer)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (singer) Bobby Jones (born September 18, 1939 in Henry, Tennessee, United States) is an American Gospel music singer and television host from Nashville, Tennessee and the host and executive producer of several cable television's gospel music programs including the former\"Bobby Jones Gospel\". Jones is referred as the Ed Sullivan of gospel music. He has assisted numerous gospel stars in propelling their talents of numerous gospel stars and has a lot of trophies racked up at his Nashville home for his contributions to music. \"Bobby Jones Gospel\" was canceled and went off the air in 2015. Jones began his",
"psg_id": "8037607"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (footballer, born 1933)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (footballer, born 1933) Robert Jones (28 March 1933 – 1998) was an English professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper. He played in The Football League for Southport, Chester and Blackburn Rovers. Jones played football as a youngster for the Meols Cop School team, the Southport town boys side and the Boys' Brigade. He then joined Football League side Southport, where his father was club trainer. In the summer of 1953 he moved to Chester, going on to be a league ever present in his first season at the club. He remained a part-time player throughout his stay",
"psg_id": "12678721"
},
{
"title": "Matt Jones (golfer)",
"text": "qualified Jones for the 2016 Open Championship. Jones is married to the former Melissa Weber, who represented Idaho in Miss USA 2009 and has two daughters. His brother Brett is the head club professional of Due Process Stable Golf Club in Colts Neck, New Jersey. Brett played in the 2015 PGA Championship. PGA Tour playoff record (1–0) CUT = missed the half-way cut<br> WD = withdrew<br> \"T\" = tied \"Results not in chronological order prior to 2015.\" QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play<br> \"T\" = tied Matt Jones (golfer) Matthew Jones (born 19",
"psg_id": "13662609"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "Lakers in the 1983 NBA Finals. During that 1983 playoff run, a \"Philadelphia Inquirer\" article on Jones paraphrased the famous John Havlicek call by Johnny Most stating, \"Bobby Jones stole the ball. It was grand larceny. Bobby Jones stole the ball and robbed the Milwaukee Bucks of a game, turning an almost-sure upset into a 111-109 overtime victory for the 76ers.\" The Sixers began a steady decline after that championship year, finishing second to Boston the next three seasons. Jones turned in steady defense and solid numbers during those years, although his playing time and production tailed off gradually. Still,",
"psg_id": "4777388"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (outfielder)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (outfielder) Robert Oliver Jones (born October 11, 1949 in Elkton, Maryland) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. He played all or part of nine seasons in the majors from until . He also played two seasons in Japan for the Chunichi Dragons in and . In November 2013, Bobby Jones became a coach for the Texas Rangers. Jones was drafted by the Washington Senators in the 36th round of the 1967 Major League Baseball Draft. He spent the next seven seasons with the organization, during which time they became the Texas Rangers, and debuted in the major",
"psg_id": "12499214"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Award in his honor. Jones had a unique relationship with the town of St Andrews, Scotland. On his first appearance on the Old Course in The Open Championship of 1921, he withdrew after 11 holes in the third round, when he failed to complete the hole (in effect disqualifying himself), and tore up his scorecard, although he finished the round and indeed played the fourth round as well. He firmly stated his dislike for The Old Course and the town reciprocated, saying in the press, \"Master Bobby is just a boy, and an ordinary boy at that.\" Later, he came",
"psg_id": "2539513"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "passing. \"I didn’t want the ball,\" he remembered, \"and as soon as I got it, I passed off.\" Jones, a natural left-hander, was also working on his right hand—mainly at his father's behest. (By the time he reached the NBA, he was virtually ambidextrous.) As a sophomore at South Mecklenburg High School in Charlotte, the 6-foot-6 Jones made the basketball team. His brother Kirby was also on the squad. Bobby actually liked track and field better, because he could practice by himself and on his own terms. Twice he won the state high jump title, finishing second in his junior",
"psg_id": "4777378"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "never missed the playoffs. \"Bobby Jones gives you two hours of his blood, showers and goes home,\" former Sixers General Manager Pat Williams told NBA Today. \"If I was going to ask a youngster to model after someone, I would pick Bobby Jones.\" Added longtime 76ers teammate Julius Erving, \"He's a player who's totally selfless, who runs like a deer, jumps like a gazelle, plays with his head and heart each night, and then walks away from the court as if nothing happened.\" As for his almost polite approach to the game, Jones believed that anything less would have been",
"psg_id": "4777370"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Simpson (golfer)",
"text": "tournament (73). At the 1909 U.S. Open held at the Englewood Golf Club in Englewood, New Jersey, Simpson carded rounds of 84-76-77-84 for a total of 321 and tied for 46th place. In 1911 Simpson won his second Western Open at the Kent Country Club, in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He defeated Thomas McNamara, two up and one to play. Bobby Simpson (golfer) Robert S. Simpson was a Scottish professional golfer who achieved success in winning two Western Opens in 1907 and 1911, as well as finishing fourth in the U.S. Open in 1904. Simpson was from Carnoustie, Scotland. He apprenticed",
"psg_id": "20910237"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (singer)",
"text": "claim to offering the first prime exposure to several Gospel music solo artists and groups including Kirk Franklin, Mary Mary, Yolanda Adams, and Smokie Norful. Other artists featured have included Albertina Walker, Patti Labelle, Dorothy Norwood, and Helen Baylor. Jones also hosts shows for other television networks including \"Bobby Jones' Next Generation\" on the Gospel Music Channel and \"Bobby Jones Presents\" for The Word Network. On radio, he is the host of \"Bobby Jones Gospel Countdown\", a two-hour weekend Gospel countdown show heard on American Urban Radio Networks, in addition to the \"Bobby Jones Radio Show\", which is heard on",
"psg_id": "8037609"
},
{
"title": "Willie Anderson (golfer)",
"text": "Willie Anderson (golfer) William Law Anderson (21 October 1879 – 25 October 1910) was a Scottish immigrant to the United States who became the first golfer to win four U.S. Opens, with victories in 1901, 1903, 1904, and 1905. He is still the only man to win three consecutive titles, and only Bobby Jones, Ben Hogan, and Jack Nicklaus have equalled his total of four championships. He is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Born in North Berwick, in East Lothian, Scotland, Anderson was educated at the public school in North Berwick and was a licensed caddie",
"psg_id": "2118881"
},
{
"title": "Willie Anderson (golfer)",
"text": "the U.S. Open. \"T\" indicates a tie for a place<br> Green background for wins. Yellow background for top-10 Willie Anderson (golfer) William Law Anderson (21 October 1879 – 25 October 1910) was a Scottish immigrant to the United States who became the first golfer to win four U.S. Opens, with victories in 1901, 1903, 1904, and 1905. He is still the only man to win three consecutive titles, and only Bobby Jones, Ben Hogan, and Jack Nicklaus have equalled his total of four championships. He is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Born in North Berwick, in",
"psg_id": "2118885"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "he was as efficient as ever. In his last season, 1985–86, Jones shot .559 from the floor. He retired at age 34, and the Sixers retired his uniform No. 24 shortly afterward. Jones left the NBA as one of the most admired players of the era, if not of all time. Said a young Charles Barkley while a teammate of Jones's, \"If everyone in the world was like Bobby Jones, the world wouldn’t have any problems.\" In 2003, Jones cofounded a Charlotte, North Carolina-based religiously affiliated non-profit, 2xsalt, that supports underprivileged youth through sports, along with Bart Kofoed and former",
"psg_id": "4777389"
},
{
"title": "Ernest Jones (golfer)",
"text": "was the recipient of the Ben Hogan award. Along with Harvey Penick, Tommy Armour, and Percy Boomer, he was inducted into the World Golf Teachers Hall of Fame in 1977 . Ernest Jones (golfer) Ernest Jones (October 25, 1887– July 1965) was an English professional golfer. He is renowned for his accomplishments in teaching many famous professional golfers as well as amateurs. He tutored Virginia Van Wie for many years, including during her stretch of three consecutive U.S. Women's Amateurs from 1932–34. He also worked with Glenna Collett Vare, Lawson Little, Betty Hicks, Phil Farley, George Schniter, Horton Smith and",
"psg_id": "12933457"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "During World War II, Jones served as an officer in the U.S. Army Air Forces. His superiors wanted him to play exhibition golf in the United States, but Jones was insistent on serving overseas. In 1943 he was promoted to major and trained as an intelligence officer, serving in England with the 84th Fighter Wing, which was part of the Ninth Air Force. While in England, he made the acquaintance of General Dwight D. Eisenhower. Landing in Normandy on June 7, 1944, Jones spent two months with a front line division as a prisoner of war interrogator, reaching the rank",
"psg_id": "2539522"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Mitchell (golfer)",
"text": "top-10 finishes in PGA Tour events including more than a half-dozen 2nd or 3rd-place finishes. His best finish in a major was T2 at the 1972 Masters Tournament. Since 1991, Mitchell has traveled to Finland in the summer to teach golf to young people in association with Averett University. Mitchell joined the Champions Tour in 1995; his best finish in a Champions Tour event is a T-12 at The Transamerica in 1995. Mitchell died on March 20, 2018 from a presumed heart attack at Lynchburg General Hospital. PGA Tour playoff record (1–0) Bobby Mitchell (golfer) Bobby Wayne Mitchell (February 23,",
"psg_id": "8963103"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "a Sooner as well. Since Kirby versus Mr. Jones did not make for many close matches, Bobby was invariably enlisted to join them in their games behind the house. \"I didn’t enjoy sports,\" Jones remembered. \"I would rather watch television, but my father wanted me to play.\" In the sixth grade Jones unwillingly played for a local church team that was looking for tall kids. On his junior high team he sat on the bench much of the time because he was a poor dribbler and shooter. Whenever he made it into the game, he focused on rebounding, defense, and",
"psg_id": "4777377"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "teammate and Hall of Famer David Thompson. Bobby Jones is now coaching the middle school boys basketball team at Carmel Christian School in Charlotte. During his entire tenure with the Sixers, his jersey always included the letter B with a period before his last name (B. JONES) above his number 24; he still wore it even after former teammate Caldwell Jones was traded for Moses Malone in 1982 and Caldwell's brother Charles left after only one season with the Sixers (1983–84). However, during the 2008 season, as part of the Sixers' 25th anniversary of the 1983 Champions, he was given",
"psg_id": "4777390"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "with Jones but he insisted that he had violated Rule 18, moving a ball at rest after address, and took a 77 instead of the 76 he otherwise would have carded. Jones' self-imposed one-stroke penalty eventually cost him the win by a stroke in regulation, necessitating a playoff, which he then lost. Although praised by many sports writers for his gesture, Jones was reported to have said, \"You might as well praise me for not robbing banks.\" A similar event occurred in the next U.S. Open, played at the Scioto Country Club in Columbus, Ohio. In the second round, after",
"psg_id": "2539511"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "was the guilty party. The trusting ref changed his call and assigned the foul to Jones—his fifth of the game. Larry Brown, Jones's coach with the Denver Nuggets, remarked, \"Watching Bobby Jones on the basketball court is like watching an honest man in a liars’ poker game.\" The 6-foot-9 forward played with an almost boyish respect for the game, its rules, and its traditions. He always raised his hand when called for a foul. When Nuggets teammate Paul Silas showed him a less-than-legal way to get a rebounding position, Jones said no thanks. \"For veterans like Paul, I consider that",
"psg_id": "4777372"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "event. He was influenced by club professional Stewart Maiden, a native of Carnoustie, Scotland. Maiden was the professional at the Atlanta Athletic Club's East Lake Golf Club, who also trained Alexa Stirling, five years older than Jones but also a prodigy, at East Lake around the same time. Jones also received golf lessons from Willie Ogg when he was in his teenage years. Jones played frequently with his father, a skilled player himself. The younger Jones sometimes battled his own temper on the course, but later controlled his emotions as he became more experienced. Jones toured the U.S. during World",
"psg_id": "2539503"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "expected to stay there. But of course, nobody can stay there.\" Jones is most famous for his unique \"Grand Slam,\" consisting of his victory in all four major golf tournaments of his era (the open and amateur championships in both the U.S. & the U.K.) in a single calendar year (1930). In all Jones played in 31 majors, winning 13 and placing among the top ten finishers 27 times. After retiring from competitive golf in 1930, Jones founded and helped design the Augusta National Golf Club soon afterwards in 1933. He also co-founded the Masters Tournament, which has been annually",
"psg_id": "2539499"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "his opening round put him in second place, Jones was putting on the 15th green in the face of a strong wind. After grounding his putter during address to square up the club face, the ball rolled a half turn in the wind when Jones lifted the club head to place it behind the ball. Although no one else observed this movement of the ball either, again Jones called a penalty on himself, but this time Jones went on to win the tournament, the second of his four U.S. Open victories. The USGA's sportsmanship award is named the Bob Jones",
"psg_id": "2539512"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "year, 1930, he was honored with the first James E. Sullivan Award, awarded annually by the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) to the most outstanding amateur athlete in the United States. Jones made 18 instructional golf films in Hollywood between 1931 and 1933 in which he coached well-known film stars with golf pointers. The films were popular, and Jones gave up his amateur status while earning lucrative contract money for this venture. These films were put into storage and were unavailable for decades, but a surviving print was located 60 years later and put into video format for preservation by Ely",
"psg_id": "2539518"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "December 18, 1971, three days after converting to Catholicism. Jones was baptized on his deathbed by Monsignor John D. Stapleton, pastor of the Cathedral of Christ the King in Atlanta, and attended by the Jones family was buried in Atlanta's historic Oakland Cemetery. Jones was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame in 1974. His widow Mary died less than four years later in 1975 at age 72, following the death of their son, Robert T. Jones III, of a heart attack in 1973 at age 47. Daughter Clara died in 1994 at age 68. Open and amateur-only majors",
"psg_id": "2539526"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "1920, Engineers Country Club, in Roslyn, Long Island, hosted the matches. Still a teenager, he was by far the youngest player in the series. Jones also played in the 1919 Canadian Open while in Hamilton, Ontario, performing very well to place tied for second, but 16 shots behind winner J. Douglas Edgar. Edgar had immigrated from England in 1919 to take a club professional's job in Atlanta at Druid Hills Golf Club; Edgar mentored and played frequently with Jones from 1919 to 1921. Edgar was credited by Jones with helping develop his game significantly. Jones qualified for his first U.S.",
"psg_id": "2539505"
},
{
"title": "Eric Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Eric Jones (golfer) Eric Jones, MA, Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) is a multi-award winning PGA Class \"A\" Teaching Professional. He was named the PGA Teacher of the Year in 2014 by the Northern California PGA and was awarded the Horton Smith Award for Education in 2016. Jones played golf for the Stanford Men's golf team (1976–1980), and was also the JV/Assistant Golf Coach in 1991/92. He has a BA from Stanford University (1980), and earned a Master's degree in Sport psychology from John F. Kennedy University (2007). Eric Jones is the founder of iGolfU - the Internet Golf",
"psg_id": "13005261"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "these 18 episodes. Some of the more well known actors to appear in the instructional plots included James Cagney, Joe E. Brown, Edward G. Robinson, W.C. Fields, Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., Richard Barthelmess, Richard Arlen, Guy Kibbee, Warner Oland and Loretta Young. Various scenarios involving the actors were used to provide an opportunity for Jones to convey a lesson about a particular part of the game. The shorts were directed by the prolific George Marshall. Title list of the shorts: \"How I Play Golf\" \"How To Break 90\" Jones was the subject of the quasi-biographical 2004 feature film \"\" in which",
"psg_id": "2539531"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "themselves crying out \"Oh, shoot!\" in his presence. Jones also brought to the game the demeanor and expression of a bank teller. Nothing seemed to disturb him; the final buzzer meant the end of just another day on the job. \"He has a rare ability to divorce himself from the games after they end,\" Dean Smith, Jones's coach at North Carolina, told the \"Philadelphia Daily News\" in 1984. \"He is a man at peace with himself. It's what I term internal affirmation—and in Bobby, it's strong.\" Physically, Jones was lucky to be playing any sport at all. He suffers from",
"psg_id": "4777374"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "of lieutenant colonel. During the war, Jones permitted the U.S. Army to graze cattle on the grounds at Augusta National. Later, in 1947, he founded Peachtree Golf Club in Atlanta and co-designed the course with Robert Trent Jones. In 1966, the governing board and membership of Augusta National passed a resolution naming Jones President in Perpetuity. Jones played in the first dozen Masters, through 1948, but only in the first as a competitor. By then, his health at age 46 had declined to the stage where this was no longer possible. With his health difficulties, being past his prime, and",
"psg_id": "2539523"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "the second (and last) to win the U.S. Open and U.S. Amateur in the same year (1930), first accomplished in 1916 by Chick Evans. Jones is the only player ever to have won the (pre-Masters) Grand Slam, or all four major championships, in the same calendar year (1930). Jones' path to the 1930 Grand Slam title was: Jones made a bet on himself achieving this extraordinary feat with British bookmakers early in 1930, before the first tournament of the Slam, at odds of 50–1, and collected over $60,000 when he did it. Jones represented the United States in the Walker",
"psg_id": "2539507"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Wadkins",
"text": "Bobby Wadkins Robert Edwin Wadkins (born July 26, 1951) is an American professional golfer. His older brother, Lanny, won 21 times on the PGA Tour, including the 1977 PGA Championship, and is a member of the World Golf Hall of Fame. Wadkins was born in Richmond, Virginia. Between Bobby and Lanny, they held the Richmond, Virginia city junior title for six consecutive years – two by Bobby and four by Lanny. After attending the University of Houston for one year, Wadkins earned All-American honors in 1972–73 at East Tennessee State University. Wadkins turned pro in 1973. He never won on",
"psg_id": "7812931"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (basketball, born 1951)",
"text": "First Team selection each year. In 1981-82, Bobby Jones briefly returned to the starting lineup for that season, starting 73 games. With their system working to near perfection, the 76ers went to the Finals twice during the period, losing to the Los Angeles Lakers in both 1980 and 1982. The arrival of workhorse center Moses Malone from Houston prior to the 1982–83 campaign proved to be the final piece of the championship puzzle. In the regular season Malone repeated as league MVP, and Jones won the first-ever NBA Sixth Man Award. Philadelphia then romped through the playoffs, eventually sweeping the",
"psg_id": "4777387"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (saxophonist)",
"text": "he moved to Germany, where he ceased performing due to emphysema. He died there in 1980. Jones is the father of voice actor Dylan Jones Bobby Jones (saxophonist) Bobby Jones (October 30, 1928 in Louisville, Kentucky – March 6, 1980 in Munich) was an American jazz saxophonist. Jones played drums as a child and started on clarinet at age 8; his father encouraged him to explore jazz. He studied with Simeon Bellison, Joe Allard, Charlie Parker, and George Russell. He played with Ray McKinley from 1949 into the mid-1950s, and then with Hal McIntyre before rejoining McKinley later in the",
"psg_id": "11684744"
},
{
"title": "Eric Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Seaver and nephew of Hall of Fame baseball pitcher Tom Seaver. Eric Jones (golfer) Eric Jones, MA, Professional Golfers' Association of America (PGA) is a multi-award winning PGA Class \"A\" Teaching Professional. He was named the PGA Teacher of the Year in 2014 by the Northern California PGA and was awarded the Horton Smith Award for Education in 2016. Jones played golf for the Stanford Men's golf team (1976–1980), and was also the JV/Assistant Golf Coach in 1991/92. He has a BA from Stanford University (1980), and earned a Master's degree in Sport psychology from John F. Kennedy University (2007).",
"psg_id": "13005264"
},
{
"title": "John Ball (golfer)",
"text": "when he was 51 years old. His best year was 1890, when he won both the Amateur and Open Championships. Bobby Jones, who won the Grand Slam in 1930, is the only other golfer in history to win those two tournaments in the same year. After winning The Amateur Championship in 1888, Ball became the first English-born player to win The Open Championship in 1890, and in the same year won his second Amateur, the first to win both titles in the same year. Ball subsequently won the 1892, 1894, 1899, 1907, 1910, and 1912 Amateurs, a record eight titles",
"psg_id": "2713854"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (academic)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (academic) Bobby Jones, PhD (13 January 1942 - 18 April 2001) was a noted American educator who distinguished himself by becoming the first African American to earn tenure at Mercer University, a highly selective private university. Jones later became chair of the Education Department there. He was instrumental in the development of innovative teaching techniques that are used as standards throughout the education industry to this date. He inspired hundreds of students to go on to become educators as highlighted in \"A Joyful Passion for Teaching\". Jones is also credited with assisting in destroying the racial divide that",
"psg_id": "12898841"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Wyatt",
"text": "Bobby Wyatt Bobby Wyatt (born August 1, 1992) is an American professional golfer. He had a successful amateur career, playing in the 2013 Walker Cup. Wyatt shot a 57 at the Alabama Boys State Junior Championship. He was a four-time AHSAA state champion. He was part of the University of Alabama team that won the 2013 and 2014 NCAA Division I Championship. He won the Southeastern Conference individual championship in 2014. Wyatt was an All-American his senior year. He won the 2012 Sunnehanna Amateur. Wyatt was the leading scorer and went undefeated at the 2013 Walker Cup for the United",
"psg_id": "19778886"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "top-level amateur competition, and competed very successfully against the world's best professional golfers. Jones often beat stars such as Walter Hagen and Gene Sarazen, the era's top pros. Jones earned his living mainly as a lawyer, and competed in golf only as an amateur, primarily on a part-time basis, and chose to retire from competition at age 28, though he earned significant money from golf after that, as an instructor and equipment designer. Explaining his decision to retire, Jones said, \"It [championship golf] is something like a cage. First you are expected to get into it and then you are",
"psg_id": "2539498"
},
{
"title": "Dennis Walters (golfer)",
"text": "Dennis Walters (golfer) Dennis Walters (born 1949) is an American trick-shot golfer. He won the Bob Jones Award in 2018 and was inducted into the World Golf Hall of Fame with the class of 2019. In 1949, Walters was born and raised in Neptune Township, New Jersey, where he attended Neptune High School. Before starting his golf career, Walters played Little League softball and bowling during his childhood. For his post-secondary education, Walters went to North Texas State on a golf scholarship. At North Texas, he captained the winning team of the Missouri Valley Conference four years in a row.",
"psg_id": "20926620"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Wyatt",
"text": "States. Wyatt finished 4th in the 2016 Zurich Classic of New Orleans, playing on a sponsor exemption. This finish earned him enough non-member FedEx Cup points to qualify for the Web.com Tour Finals. He earned a PGA Tour card for 2017 by finishing 22nd on the Finals money list (excluding the 25 regular-season graduates). Source: Amateur Bobby Wyatt Bobby Wyatt (born August 1, 1992) is an American professional golfer. He had a successful amateur career, playing in the 2013 Walker Cup. Wyatt shot a 57 at the Alabama Boys State Junior Championship. He was a four-time AHSAA state champion. He",
"psg_id": "19778887"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (outfielder)",
"text": "work ethic, knowledge of the game, and skill in mentoring young players on the field.\" Jones served in the United States Army during the Vietnam War and reached the rank of corporal. He earned a Bronze Star in February 1971, but did not receive the award until September 2014. Bobby Jones (outfielder) Robert Oliver Jones (born October 11, 1949 in Elkton, Maryland) is a former Major League Baseball outfielder. He played all or part of nine seasons in the majors from until . He also played two seasons in Japan for the Chunichi Dragons in and . In November 2013,",
"psg_id": "12499217"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Callaway, a distant cousin of Jones's. In the early 1930s Jones worked with J Victor East (an Australian) of A.G. Spalding & Co. to develop the first set of matched steel-shafted clubs; the clubs sold very well and are still considered among the best-designed sets ever made. Following his retirement from competitive golf in 1930, and even in the years leading up to that, Jones had become one of the most famous sports figures in the world, and was recognized virtually everywhere he went in public. While certainly appreciative of the enormous adulation and media coverage, this massive attention caused",
"psg_id": "2539519"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "spring of 1930, and he purchased it for $70,000 in 1931, with the plan to design a golf course on the site. Jones co-designed the Augusta National course with Alister MacKenzie; the new club opened in early 1933. He founded the Masters Tournament, first played at Augusta in March 1934. The new tournament, originally known as the Augusta National Invitational, was an immediate success, and attracted most of the world's top players right from its start. Jones came out of retirement to play, essentially on an exhibition basis, and his presence guaranteed enormous media attention, boosting the new tournament's fame.",
"psg_id": "2539521"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "Cup five times, winning nine of his 10 matches, and the U.S. won the trophy all five times. He served as playing captain of the U.S. team in 1928 and 1930. He also won two other tournaments against professionals: the 1927 Southern Open and the 1930 Southeastern Open. Jones was a lifelong member of the Atlanta Athletic Club (at the club's original site, now the East Lake Golf Club), and the Capital City Club in Atlanta. Jones is considered one of the five giants of the 1920s American sports scene, along with baseball's Babe Ruth, boxing's Jack Dempsey, football's Red",
"psg_id": "2539508"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (saxophonist)",
"text": "Bobby Jones (saxophonist) Bobby Jones (October 30, 1928 in Louisville, Kentucky – March 6, 1980 in Munich) was an American jazz saxophonist. Jones played drums as a child and started on clarinet at age 8; his father encouraged him to explore jazz. He studied with Simeon Bellison, Joe Allard, Charlie Parker, and George Russell. He played with Ray McKinley from 1949 into the mid-1950s, and then with Hal McIntyre before rejoining McKinley later in the decade. During a stint in the Army he met Nat and Cannonball Adderley as well as Junior Mance; after his discharge he played country music",
"psg_id": "11684742"
},
{
"title": "Rosie Jones",
"text": "Rosie Jones Rosie Jones (born November 13, 1959) is an American professional golfer, with 13 LPGA Tour career victories and nearly $8.4 million in tournament earnings. Jones was born in Santa Ana, California. In her amateur career, she was a three time New Mexico Junior Champion (1974–76) and won the New Mexico State Championship in 1979. Jones attended Ohio State University where in 1981 she was an AIAW All-American. Jones qualified for the LPGA Tour by tying for seventh at the LPGA Final Qualifying Tournament in July 1982. Jones's best position on the LPGA money list was third in 1988,",
"psg_id": "5066797"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Jones (golfer)",
"text": "to denote under / over par scores, an international field of top players, high-caliber television coverage, and week-long admission passes for patrons, which became extremely hard to obtain. The tournament also sought and welcomed feedback from players, fans, and writers, leading to continual improvement over the years. The Masters gradually evolved to being one of the most respected tournaments in the world, one of the four major championships. In 1948, Jones was diagnosed with syringomyelia, a fluid-filled cavity in the spinal cord that causes crippling pain, then paralysis; he was eventually restricted to a wheelchair. He died in Atlanta on",
"psg_id": "2539525"
},
{
"title": "Rosie Jones",
"text": "the half-way cut WD = withdrew \"T\" = tied Yellow background for a top-10 finish. Professional Rosie Jones Rosie Jones (born November 13, 1959) is an American professional golfer, with 13 LPGA Tour career victories and nearly $8.4 million in tournament earnings. Jones was born in Santa Ana, California. In her amateur career, she was a three time New Mexico Junior Champion (1974–76) and won the New Mexico State Championship in 1979. Jones attended Ohio State University where in 1981 she was an AIAW All-American. Jones qualified for the LPGA Tour by tying for seventh at the LPGA Final Qualifying",
"psg_id": "5066801"
}
] | [
"western georgia",
"georgia (song)",
"georgia",
"georgia (disambiguation)",
"georgia (film)",
"georgia (state)",
"geordia",
"georgia (disambiguation)",
"georgia (state)",
"goergia"
] |
in the media, who went under the name sparky? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Sparky Book (annual)",
"text": "Sparky Book 1981\", so it was a joint annual between both the Sparky and the Topper. The Sparky Book (annual) The Sparky Book was the name of the book that had been published every year since 1966, to tie in with the children's comic \"Sparky\". Every Sparky book was dated with the first edition, published in 1966, being dated as the 1967 edition. Up until the Sparky book 1975, the annuals had the subtitle for boys and girls on them. Although Sparky merged with \"The Topper\" in 1977, the annuals continued for a few years afterwards with 1980 being the",
"psg_id": "15915525"
},
{
"title": "The Sparky Book (annual)",
"text": "The Sparky Book (annual) The Sparky Book was the name of the book that had been published every year since 1966, to tie in with the children's comic \"Sparky\". Every Sparky book was dated with the first edition, published in 1966, being dated as the 1967 edition. Up until the Sparky book 1975, the annuals had the subtitle for boys and girls on them. Although Sparky merged with \"The Topper\" in 1977, the annuals continued for a few years afterwards with 1980 being the last \"Sparky Book\". However the 1981 edition of \"The Topper Book\" was titled \"The Topper and",
"psg_id": "15915524"
},
{
"title": "The Sparky Book",
"text": "The Sparky Book The Sparky Book is a 2006 animated/live-action short film by Newfoundland filmmaker Mary Lewis, about the near-death of a young girl who undergoes heart transplant surgery, and the death of her beloved pet dog, Sparky. The story is based on the experiences of the director's own sister, Leah, who had two kidney transplants as a child. Michael Winter wrote a short story \"The Sparky Book\" after their dog had died. Director Lewis then loosely based her film on the short story. The film is narrated by a goldfish, voiced by Gordon Pinsent, with voice of Sparky by",
"psg_id": "14953989"
},
{
"title": "The Sparky Book",
"text": "Joel Thomas Hynes. Leah Lewis appears in the film as \"Bridget,\" a character based upon herself. Produced by the National Film Board of Canada, the film received the Golden Sheaf Award for best experimental film and the Bill Boyle Award for Excellence in Screenwriting at . In 2008, \"The Sparky Book\" was the sole film from Newfoundland and Labrador to selected to CBC TV's \"Short Film Faceoff\", a six-part series showcasing films from Atlantic Canada. The Sparky Book The Sparky Book is a 2006 animated/live-action short film by Newfoundland filmmaker Mary Lewis, about the near-death of a young girl who",
"psg_id": "14953990"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Underground",
"text": "be an accident; Buddy Yarrow, who was fishing on her property; Murt, another underground builder who went missing and was never seen again; Clem Cottle; and Iggy, whose real name is Ignatius K. Small. She says simply that Louise did the killings and then ran off. Qwill calls the police and Little Joe is arrested. Qwilleran suspects that she has multiple personalities and “Louise” is the other personality Joanna uses when she kills carpenters. The Cat Who Went Underground The Cat Who Went Underground is the ninth novel in \"The Cat Who\" series of murder mystery novels by Lilian Jackson",
"psg_id": "9956231"
},
{
"title": "Sparky the Sun Devil",
"text": "there was a ceremony that included many city officials for a ceremony to go along with the City of Tempe Night at the stadium. As the city officials were lined up on the sideline of the field, Sparky Sun Devil leaped on councilman David Schapira's back. What Sparky did not know, was that Schapira was still recovering from a back operation from July. Schapira filed a claim against the university over the injuries he suffered during the halftime ceremony. The university owed Schapira over $100,000. Sparky the Sun Devil Sparky the Sun Devil is the official mascot of Arizona State",
"psg_id": "4417197"
},
{
"title": "Sparky (comics)",
"text": "Sparky (comics) Sparky was a British comic published weekly by DC Thomson, that ran from (issue dates) 23 January 1965 to 9 July 1977 when it merged with \"The Topper\" after 652 issues. From 1965–1980 the comic published an annual entitled \"The Sparky Book\". It was a DC Thomson comic, originally aimed at a slightly younger audience to \"The Beano\" and \"The Dandy\" later it was aimed at the same audience. It changed its name to The Sparky Comic in 1973. Strips which featured in \"Sparky\" at some point during the course of its 12-year run included. All numbers refer",
"psg_id": "4794526"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Woods",
"text": "to arch rival The Citadel, ending a 2–10 season for the Keydets. In seven seasons, Woods compiled a 17–62 record at VMI, including a mark of 9–32 in conference play. Assistant coaches under Sparky Woods who became NCAA head coaches: Sparky Woods Phillip Perry \"Sparky\" Woods (born December 20, 1953) is an American football coach and former player. On February 20, 2015, he was named running backs coach, recruiting coordinator, and associate head coach, at the University of Richmond. Prior, he was the head coach at the Virginia Military Institute, a position he held from 2008 to 2014. Woods served",
"psg_id": "11564360"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Adams",
"text": "Sparky Adams Earl John \"Sparky\" Adams (August 26, 1894 – February 24, 1989) was a professional Major League Baseball player who played with the Chicago Cubs, Pittsburgh Pirates, St. Louis Cardinals, and Cincinnati Reds. Adams made his Major League debut with the Cubs on September 18, 1922. He played 11 games during the 1922 Chicago Cubs season. He spent the following two seasons as the team's shortstop, splitting time at the position with Charlie Hollocher. In the 1923 Chicago Cubs season, he hit four home runs in 311 at-bats for the season, then went on to hit only five the",
"psg_id": "3572800"
},
{
"title": "Sparky (comics)",
"text": "to issues of Sparky. As well as featuring comic strips featured Adventurous strips, however fewer and fewer of these appeared later in the comic's life. Sparky (comics) Sparky was a British comic published weekly by DC Thomson, that ran from (issue dates) 23 January 1965 to 9 July 1977 when it merged with \"The Topper\" after 652 issues. From 1965–1980 the comic published an annual entitled \"The Sparky Book\". It was a DC Thomson comic, originally aimed at a slightly younger audience to \"The Beano\" and \"The Dandy\" later it was aimed at the same audience. It changed its name",
"psg_id": "4794527"
},
{
"title": "Sparky the Sun Devil",
"text": "Sparky the Sun Devil Sparky the Sun Devil is the official mascot of Arizona State University. Originally the ASU athletic teams' mascot was an owl, then became a \"Normal\" (because ASU was founded as a normal school). It was later changed to a bulldog in an attempt to make the school – Arizona State Teacher's College at the time – appear more in line with Yale and other universities that held a higher level of respect. The \"State Press\", the student newspaper, ran frequent appeals during the fall of 1946, urging the Bulldog to be replaced by the new Sun",
"psg_id": "4417192"
},
{
"title": "Sparky the Sun Devil",
"text": "the fall of 2013. His updated look includes many of the same features of the older mascot but with different material that is easier to clean. Unlike the more cartoon-like Sparky designed with Disney, the newest version is viewed as more representative of the historical drawing. It received 55% of the vote among 4 choices. The hand gesture \"The Pitchfork\", which is widely used by those associated with Arizona State, is an extension of the trident that Sparky carries. In September 2015, the Arizona State Sun Devils football team played a game against the University of New Mexico. At halftime,",
"psg_id": "4417196"
},
{
"title": "Sparky the Sun Devil",
"text": "Devil. On November 8, 1946, the student body voted 819 to 196 to make the change. On November 20, as reported by the \"Arizona Republic\", the student council made it official. The following day, the first Arizona State team played as the Sun Devils. Two years later, alumnus and Disney illustrator Berk Anthony designed \"Sparky\", a devil holding a trident (colloquially referred to as a pitchfork). Anthony is rumored to have based Sparky's facial features on that of his former boss, Walt Disney. Sparky is officially known as a \"mischievous imp\", with no other backstory than that. In the 1970s",
"psg_id": "4417193"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "\"Old Sparky\" was in June 21, 2008 when convicted murderer James Earl Reed opted for this method of execution. The Texas electric chair to which the name \"Old Sparky\" is applied was in use from 1924 to 1964. During that time, it saw the deaths of 361 prisoners sentenced to die by judicial electrocution. It was built by incarcerated craftsmen in 1924. Following its decommissioning, it was originally relegated to a prison dump before being rescued. Today, it is on public display as part of a replica death chamber at the Texas Prison Museum in Huntsville, Texas, along with tubing",
"psg_id": "2948080"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Anderson",
"text": "on May 7, 2013 at home in Thousand Oaks. On June 26, 2011, the Detroit Tigers honored Anderson by retiring his number 11 from future use and placing his name and number on the outfield wall with the other past honorees and members of the Baseball Hall of Fame. Tiger players also wore commemorative patches on their uniform sleeves all season. Sparky Anderson George Lee \"Sparky\" Anderson (February 22, 1934 – November 4, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball player, coach and manager. He managed the National League's Cincinnati Reds to the 1975 and 1976 championships, then added a",
"psg_id": "989103"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Up in Smoke",
"text": "to go if he does not want to. Although he reflects on his marriage several times (as does the narrator on marriage in general), he does not draw any conclusions yet. The novel was adapted to film in 1980. The film was in Hungarian and Derek Jacobi played the role of Martin Beck. The Man Who Went Up in Smoke The Man Who Went Up in Smoke (original title: \"Mannen som gick upp i rök\") is a mystery novel by Swedish writers Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, published in 1966. It is part of their detective series revolving around Martin",
"psg_id": "6505925"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Up in Smoke",
"text": "The Man Who Went Up in Smoke The Man Who Went Up in Smoke (original title: \"Mannen som gick upp i rök\") is a mystery novel by Swedish writers Maj Sjöwall and Per Wahlöö, published in 1966. It is part of their detective series revolving around Martin Beck and his team. In the novel, Beck returns to work and travels to Hungary to search for a missing journalist called Alf Matsson. After meeting the Budapest police and the criminal underground, he begins to wonder if Matsson ever entered the country. The novel, set in the 1960s, is about a Swedish",
"psg_id": "6505921"
},
{
"title": "Ms Sparky",
"text": "Ms Sparky Ms Sparky is a United States-based blog that focuses on news articles, opinions, and lawsuits regarding war contractors; primarily US contractors of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) working in Iraq and Afghanistan. The blog was started by Debbie Crawford, who worked in Iraq as an electrician for KBR, after hearing of a US Army soldier in Iraq who was electrocuted in a shower. Crawford's blog was noticed by a Senate staffer, who invited Crawford to testify at a Senate committee hearing in July 2008 on allegations of poor work by KBR in Iraq. Since that time,",
"psg_id": "14730361"
},
{
"title": "The Girls Who Went Away",
"text": "often harsh accounts of life in the Florence Crittenton Homes. Finally, the book recounts reunion stories between mothers and adopted children and discusses the emotional effects of reunion for birth mothers. In 2007, the book was a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. The Girls Who Went Away The Girls Who Went Away: The Hidden History of Women Who Surrendered Children for Adoption in the Decades Before Roe v. Wade is a 2006 book by Ann Fessler which describes and recounts the experiences of women in the United States who relinquished babies for adoption between 1950 and the",
"psg_id": "12947958"
},
{
"title": "The Girls Who Went Away",
"text": "The Girls Who Went Away The Girls Who Went Away: The Hidden History of Women Who Surrendered Children for Adoption in the Decades Before Roe v. Wade is a 2006 book by Ann Fessler which describes and recounts the experiences of women in the United States who relinquished babies for adoption between 1950 and the \"Roe v. Wade\" decision in 1973. The book examines the pressures placed on the birth mother by family, adoption agencies, and society at large to give up the child for adoption, and the long-term psychological consequences for this event on her. It presents the birthmothers'",
"psg_id": "12947957"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "Old Sparky Old Sparky is the nickname of the electric chairs in Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. Old Smokey was the nickname of the electric chairs used in New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. \"Old Sparky\" is sometimes used to refer to electric chairs in general, and not one of a specific state. Connecticut legislated lethal injection as its sole method of execution in 1995. The last person executed by electrocution was Joseph \"Mad Dog\" Taborsky in May 1960. Connecticut's \"Old Sparky\" has not been tested since it",
"psg_id": "2948062"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Animation",
"text": "Sparky Animation Sparky Animation is a Singapore animated content company. The company’ produces and co-produces 3D animation for home videos, TV series, digital games, mobiles, Internet content and movies for worldwide markets. Sparky Animation develops original contents and Intellectual properties, and merchandises them globally through international licences. Their research department also develops CGI production tools and systems. The company also distributes in Asia material developed by other companies. Sparky Animation commenced operations in 2006 in Singapore, which provides government subsidies for the entertainment industry. The TV series Dinosaur Train was co-produced with The Jim Henson Company In 2014, the company",
"psg_id": "18241201"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Animation",
"text": "award at the 2012 Asia Television Awards. Sparky Animation Sparky Animation is a Singapore animated content company. The company’ produces and co-produces 3D animation for home videos, TV series, digital games, mobiles, Internet content and movies for worldwide markets. Sparky Animation develops original contents and Intellectual properties, and merchandises them globally through international licences. Their research department also develops CGI production tools and systems. The company also distributes in Asia material developed by other companies. Sparky Animation commenced operations in 2006 in Singapore, which provides government subsidies for the entertainment industry. The TV series Dinosaur Train was co-produced with The",
"psg_id": "18241204"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Underground",
"text": "The Cat Who Went Underground The Cat Who Went Underground is the ninth novel in \"The Cat Who\" series of murder mystery novels by Lilian Jackson Braun. \"This summary is taken from the back cover of the Recorded Books () version of the book:\" \"Despite his horoscope's dire predictions of doom, Qwill plans to spend a peaceful, trouble-free summer in his 75-year-old cabin in Mooseville. But peaceful and trouble-free it is not to be. Qwill's cabin soon turns into something out of a \"Three Stooges\" skit, and the handyman he hires to do some necessary renovations disappears without a word.",
"psg_id": "9956220"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Bananas",
"text": "newcomer Alden Wade, a notorious ladies man. In order to get closer to Alden, Qwill writes a book about the Hibbard House, run by an eccentric Violet Hibbard. It's up to Qwill, Koko, and Yum-Yum to solve the mystery. The Cat Who Went Bananas The Cat Who Went Bananas is the 2005 novel in \"The Cat Who...\" series by Lilian Jackson Braun. Jim Qwilleran reviews the local play for the \"Moose County Something\". Polly is busy with the grand opening of The Pirates Chest, a local bookstore funded by the K Fund. While going about with his daily life, one",
"psg_id": "13949061"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Bananas",
"text": "The Cat Who Went Bananas The Cat Who Went Bananas is the 2005 novel in \"The Cat Who...\" series by Lilian Jackson Braun. Jim Qwilleran reviews the local play for the \"Moose County Something\". Polly is busy with the grand opening of The Pirates Chest, a local bookstore funded by the K Fund. While going about with his daily life, one of the cast members of \"The Importance of Being Ernest\" is killed during a car accident. Rumors circulate after it is discovered Ronnie Dickson had a large amount of alcohol in his system. Jim has a sneaky suspicion over",
"psg_id": "13949060"
},
{
"title": "The Boy Who Went Away",
"text": "The Boy Who Went Away The Boy Who Went Away is a 1997 debut novel by Eli Gottlieb, it won the Rome Prize, the McKitterick Prize in 1998, was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. and has been identified as one of the best novels of the 1990s. Set in 1967 in Essex County, New Jersey, the story is a first person narrative by adolescent Denny Graubert about his dysfunctional family and autistic older teenage brother Fad. His mother Harta struggles against the authorities, using all means possible to keep Fad out of an institution, while his",
"psg_id": "18865419"
},
{
"title": "The Boy Who Went Away",
"text": "father Max retreats into alcohol. Denny spies on his family and gains evidence of both his fathers alcoholism and his mother's affair with one of Fad's doctors... The Boy Who Went Away The Boy Who Went Away is a 1997 debut novel by Eli Gottlieb, it won the Rome Prize, the McKitterick Prize in 1998, was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. and has been identified as one of the best novels of the 1990s. Set in 1967 in Essex County, New Jersey, the story is a first person narrative by adolescent Denny Graubert about his dysfunctional",
"psg_id": "18865420"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Too Far",
"text": "The Man Who Went Too Far \"The Man Who Went Too Far\" is a short ghost story by E. F. Benson, collected in his \"The Room in the Tower, and Other Stories\" (1912). \"The Man Who Went Too Far\" features allusions to Greek mythology in Pan, the god of nature and rustic music. Its titular character, Frank, is an English gentleman, who connects with nature through a rejection of Christian orthodoxy and embracing of neopaganism. His spiritual journey is defined as a denial of pain and a search for joy: by connecting with nature and rejecting ideas of self-denial and",
"psg_id": "19980094"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went to Paris",
"text": "The Cat Who Went to Paris The Cat Who Went to Paris is a short novel by Peter Gethers that documents his life with his cat Norton, a Scottish Fold (published in the UK as \"A Cat Called Norton\"). It spurred two sequel books, \"A Cat Abroad\" () and \"The Cat Who'll Live Forever: The Final Adventures of Norton, the Perfect Cat, and His Imperfect Human\" (). Literary critic and scholar Charles Limley has remarked that The Cat Who Went to Paris \"may be one of the finest pieces of feline-inspired literary production since \"The Cat Who…\" series. The bold",
"psg_id": "12231516"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Lyle",
"text": "Sparky Lyle Albert Walter \"Sparky\" Lyle (born July 22, 1944) is an American former left-handed relief pitcher who spent sixteen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1967 through 1982. He was a relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Texas Rangers, Philadelphia Phillies, and Chicago White Sox. A three-time All-Star, he won the American League (AL) Cy Young Award in 1977. He led the American League (AL) in saves in 1972 and 1976. With the Yankees, Lyle was a member of the World Series champions in 1977 and 1978, both over the Los Angeles Dodgers. Lyle",
"psg_id": "3064522"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Lyle",
"text": "the flame from the slowly burning head reaches the victim’s shoe, it’s hot enough to be felt. Lyle enjoyed the final result, usually a startled yelp in the middle of a serious conversation. Sparky Lyle Albert Walter \"Sparky\" Lyle (born July 22, 1944) is an American former left-handed relief pitcher who spent sixteen seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1967 through 1982. He was a relief pitcher for the Boston Red Sox, New York Yankees, Texas Rangers, Philadelphia Phillies, and Chicago White Sox. A three-time All-Star, he won the American League (AL) Cy Young Award in 1977. He led",
"psg_id": "3064537"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "the state's judicial hangings. Its control apparatus was designed in such a way that three push-button switches were to be simultaneously pressed by three members of the execution team; only one of these switches actually completed the circuit, allowing each member of the execution team to reassure himself that perhaps he had not been the one who had actually initiated the death of the condemned. Old Sparky Old Sparky is the nickname of the electric chairs in Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Nebraska, New York, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia. Old Smokey was the nickname",
"psg_id": "2948082"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Marcus",
"text": "Sparky Marcus Sparky Marcus (born Marcus Issoglio; December 6, 1967) is an American former actor and voice actor. He was born in Hollywood, California. He had a career as a child actor. Marcus was well known for playing the role of the precocious child but also worked extensively as a voice actor for Hanna-Barbera throughout the 1980s. He started acting at five playing Shelby on \"Sigmund and the Sea Monsters\" (1973–1975). He also appeared on \"The Nancy Walker Show\" (1976), \"Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman\" (1976–77) (Marcus played child evangelist Jimmy Joe Jeeter, who died of electrocution in the bathtub), \"Grandpa",
"psg_id": "8267894"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Too Far",
"text": "and savage (though not necessarily Satanic) entity. In his seminal essay on weird fiction, \"Supernatural Horror in Literature\", horror writer H. P. Lovecraft spoke positively of \"The Man Who Went Too Far\" and Benson's work in the genre in general, describing the author as \"an important contributor\" to the faring of the weird short story. A 2016 Vintage Classics selection of Benson's ghost stories was introduced by writer and actor Mark Gatiss. He mentions \"The Man Who Went Too Far\" (included in the book) as hinting at Benson's \"fascination with an ancient and dangerous pagan sensibility.\" The Man Who Went",
"psg_id": "19980099"
},
{
"title": "Sparky J's",
"text": "Jazz Clubs\" painting, a large-scale outdoor mural in Newark completed in 2013. Sparky J's Sparky J's, previously known as the Cadillac Club, was a popular jazz club in downtown Newark, New Jersey. Sparky J's often featured soul jazz or funky jazz best exemplified by the organ combo, a band usually consisting of a Hammond B-3 organist, a saxophonist, a drummer, and a guitarist. The club was located in downtown Newark, on the corner of Halsey and William streets. This area known locally as the \"Jazz Corner of the World\" in the 70s because it contained two jazz clubs: Spark J's",
"psg_id": "18225926"
},
{
"title": "Sparky J's",
"text": "Sparky J's Sparky J's, previously known as the Cadillac Club, was a popular jazz club in downtown Newark, New Jersey. Sparky J's often featured soul jazz or funky jazz best exemplified by the organ combo, a band usually consisting of a Hammond B-3 organist, a saxophonist, a drummer, and a guitarist. The club was located in downtown Newark, on the corner of Halsey and William streets. This area known locally as the \"Jazz Corner of the World\" in the 70s because it contained two jazz clubs: Spark J's and Key Club. Both clubs closed in the 1970s, and they were",
"psg_id": "18225924"
},
{
"title": "Sparky D",
"text": "Sparky D Doreen C. Broadnax, known professionally as Sparky D, or spelled Sparky Dee (born June 2, 1965) is an American hip–hop musician and rapper. Broadnax is noted as one of the first female battle rappers, first gaining attention through the Roxanne Wars; when she responded to Roxanne Shante's \"Roxanne's Revenge\" with \"Sparky's Turn (Roxanne, You're Through)\" in 1985. Born in Brooklyn, Broadnax was born to a Caucasian mother and African–American father. Broadnax was raised in the Van Dyke Housing Projects in the Brownsville neighborhood. Broadnax began her music career around 1983 when she became a member of a local",
"psg_id": "20651565"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Underground",
"text": "is on a last fling before he marries, Qwill, Clem's mother, and Clem's soon-to-be wife do not believe that. One day while biking on an abandoned road used only by hunters (and Clem was not a hunter), Qwill finds Clem's truck abandoned in a ditch. So he reports Clem's disappearance and begins to look for a replacement. When Clem went missing, Koko began tapping his tail three times, similar to the way Clem hammered nails. Eventually, Qwilleran resorts to an underground builder by the name of Iggy. He is lazy, has a nicotine addiction, and very large teeth. After doing",
"psg_id": "9956224"
},
{
"title": "Sparky D",
"text": "various old school artists on hip hop gospel records including MC Shy D, Spyder D, Roxanne Shante, Kool DJ Red Alert and K Wiz. Broadnax has stated in interviews that she was a victim of domestic abuse, struggled with a crack cocaine addiction and was involved in prostitution sometime after the height of her career. In 2017, Broadnax was portrayed by Cheryse Dyllan in Netflix film \"Roxanne, Roxanne\", a biopic about the life of Roxanne Shante. Sparky D Doreen C. Broadnax, known professionally as Sparky D, or spelled Sparky Dee (born June 2, 1965) is an American hip–hop musician and",
"psg_id": "20651569"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went to Paris",
"text": "artistic vision of Gethers and his paw-padded companion is matched only by the force of Gethers' cutting prose. A true mast-purrrr-piece.\" The Cat Who Went to Paris The Cat Who Went to Paris is a short novel by Peter Gethers that documents his life with his cat Norton, a Scottish Fold (published in the UK as \"A Cat Called Norton\"). It spurred two sequel books, \"A Cat Abroad\" () and \"The Cat Who'll Live Forever: The Final Adventures of Norton, the Perfect Cat, and His Imperfect Human\" (). Literary critic and scholar Charles Limley has remarked that The Cat Who",
"psg_id": "12231517"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went to Heaven",
"text": "until he notices the presence of a cat, at which point he rejects it completely and plans to burn it. The morning brings the news of a miracle: the painter arrives to find the picture being adored in the temple. The image has miraculously changed: the dying Buddha now extends his hand in blessing over the white cat sitting right next to him. The Cat Who Went to Heaven The Cat Who Went to Heaven is a 1930 novel by Elizabeth Coatsworth that won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature in 1931. The story is set in",
"psg_id": "8221629"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went to Heaven",
"text": "The Cat Who Went to Heaven The Cat Who Went to Heaven is a 1930 novel by Elizabeth Coatsworth that won the Newbery Medal for excellence in American children's literature in 1931. The story is set in ancient Japan, and is about a penniless artist and a calico cat his housekeeper brings home. The storyline is supposedly based on an old Buddhist folk tale, and includes, as asides, a short telling of the Buddha's life, and brief accounts of some of the Buddha's previous lifetimes as animals, as in the Jataka tales. At the end of each of the eight",
"psg_id": "8221623"
},
{
"title": "Perish In the Name of Love",
"text": "after them. Therefore, she went under the name Chu Fai Lei and Chiu Yan (Sonija Kwok) went under the name Chu Fai Lan. Sing Hing (Michael Tong) liked Fai Lei (Charmaine Sheh), not knowing she was once Princess Cheung Ping. Chow Sai Hin (Steven Ma) suspected that Fai Lei was Cheung Ping (Charmaine Sheh) because he knew Cheung Ping (Charmaine Sheh) wasn't dead. He found a wish paper stuck in the tree that had her name on it. Sai Hin (Steven Ma) continued to investigate until he finally got it out of her mouth that she was Cheung Ping (Charmaine",
"psg_id": "6909506"
},
{
"title": "The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain",
"text": "call it a \"be'chi'ngalw.\"\" In Welsh, \"be'chi'ngalw\" is a placeholder name, like \"whatchamacallit\" or \"thingamajig\" in English. This is made obvious in the novel of the film. The 13th episode of Veggie Tales, \"King George and the Ducky,\" contained a brief parody of \"The Englishman Who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain\" entitled \"The Englishman Who Went up a Hill and Came Down with All the Bananas.\" The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain The Englishman who Went up a Hill but Came down a Mountain is a 1995 British film with",
"psg_id": "3919535"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "that it violated the state constitution. No inmates were executed during the nine years that capital punishment was reinstated in New York. Ohio was the second state to adopt the electric chair as a means of execution, executing 315 people between 1897 and its last use was in 1963. The state stopped using the electric chair in 2001, and now exclusively utilizes lethal injection in executions. Ohio's Old Sparky is now a museum exhibit in the Ohio State Reformatory. The state installed the \"Old Sparky\" in 1912 at the Central Correctional Institution (CCI) in Columbia. In 1944 it was used",
"psg_id": "2948078"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "and straps used in Texas' first execution by lethal injection. In 1971, the Greater Dallas Crime Commission, a business organization, circulated a petition to recommission Texas' \"Old Sparky\". The petition received 10,620 endorsements. The now-decommissioned electric chair known as \"Old Sparky\" at the now-closed West Virginia Penitentiary in Moundsville, West Virginia was installed in a facility originally used for hanging. It was in use from 1951 until 1959, during which time nine condemned prisoners were executed in the chair. The chair was bolted to a low platform which covered what had previously been the trapdoor of the gallows used in",
"psg_id": "2948081"
},
{
"title": "Sparky D",
"text": "in history. In 1985, capitalizing off the success of both records, Roxanne Shante and Broadnax released \"Round One, Roxanne Shanté vs Sparky Dee\" on Spin Records which included a battle track, in which the two rappers freestyle and diss each other. In subsequent years, Broadnax released a few tracks including d “He’s My DJ” b/w “She’s So Def” with Kool DJ Red Alert in 1985 and \"Throwdown\" in 1987. The year 1988 saw the release of her first full-length album on B-Boy Records, \"This is Sparky D’s World\". Broadnax continues to stay active in the hip hop community, working with",
"psg_id": "20651568"
},
{
"title": "Sparky J's",
"text": "the last full-time jazz clubs in the area at the time of closing. While Key Club was free entry, Sparky J's charged admission. In the 1990s, the Newark Jazz Festival held annual Organ Jams, which were also known as \"The Key Club and Sparky J's Reunion\", which featured bands that played soul jazz as they did in the 70s. Many of the same musicians that played in the 70s played in these Festivals. Proceeds from the organ jam benefited the Black United Fund of New Jersey. It was one of the jazz clubs featured on the \"A Tribute to Newark",
"psg_id": "18225925"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Anderson",
"text": "Sparky Anderson George Lee \"Sparky\" Anderson (February 22, 1934 – November 4, 2010) was an American Major League Baseball player, coach and manager. He managed the National League's Cincinnati Reds to the 1975 and 1976 championships, then added a third title in 1984 with the Detroit Tigers of the American League. He was the first manager to win the World Series in both leagues. His 2,194 career wins are the sixth most for a manager in Major League history. He was named American League Manager of the Year in and . Anderson was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame",
"psg_id": "989075"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Marcus",
"text": "guest appearances, including \"Trapper John, M.D.\", \"Happy Days\", \"WKRP in Cincinnati\", \"What's Happening!!\", \"Maude\", \"Emergency!\", \"The Hardy Boys/Nancy Drew Mysteries\", \"The Bob Newhart Show\", \"Eight Is Enough\" and \"Starsky and Hutch.\" Marcus also appeared in the feature films \"Freaky Friday\" (1976) and \"The Pinballs\" (1977), as well as in many TV movies, including \"The Stableboy's Christmas\" (1978) and \"Goldie and the Boxer\" (1979). His last movie role was a brief cameo as a bellboy in the 1983 Steve Martin comedy \"The Man with Two Brains.\" Sparky Marcus Sparky Marcus (born Marcus Issoglio; December 6, 1967) is an American former actor",
"psg_id": "8267896"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Adams",
"text": "was primarily a backup to Mark Koenig, was used as the backup second baseman and third baseman. At the end of the season, Adams was released, and he retired at the end of the 1935 season. After his retirement, he became a farmer and a service station operator in Tremont, Pennsylvania. When he died in Pottsville, Pennsylvania on February 24, 1989, he was the last remaining player for the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1931 World Series. At , Adams was the smallest Major League player during his career. Sparky Adams Earl John \"Sparky\" Adams (August 26, 1894 – February",
"psg_id": "3572807"
},
{
"title": "Sparky McEwen",
"text": "McEwen was head coach of the Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz from 2008 to 2010. The Yard Dawgz were promoted to the AFL in 2010 and finished the season with a 6–10 record. McEwen became wide receivers coach of the Ferris State Bulldogs in 2012. In February 2017, he was named the head coach of the Davenport Panthers of Davenport University. Sparky McEwen Charles \"Sparky\" McEwen (born April 28, 1968) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at Davenport University. McEwen played professionally as a quarterback for one season with the Grand Rapids Rampage",
"psg_id": "18493952"
},
{
"title": "Ms Sparky",
"text": "Crawford's blog has become the largest online repository of material and opinions on US contractor work in war zones. Her blog covers, in addition to work performance issues by DoD contractors, incidences of contractor misconduct including violent crimes and health and disability concerns by former contractor employees. Besides KBR, the blog focuses on other major contractors such as DynCorp, Fluor, and Triple Canopy. Ms Sparky Ms Sparky is a United States-based blog that focuses on news articles, opinions, and lawsuits regarding war contractors; primarily US contractors of the United States Department of Defense (DoD) working in Iraq and Afghanistan. The",
"psg_id": "14730362"
},
{
"title": "Sparky McEwen",
"text": "Sparky McEwen Charles \"Sparky\" McEwen (born April 28, 1968) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at Davenport University. McEwen played professionally as a quarterback for one season with the Grand Rapids Rampage of the Arena Football League (AFL). He played college football at Ferris State University and attended Creston High School in Grand Rapids, Michigan. He was also head coach of the Grand Rapids Rampage and Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz. McEwen played for the Ferris State Bulldogs from 1987 to 1990. He was redshirted in 1987. He played quarterback for the Bulldogs",
"psg_id": "18493949"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Woods",
"text": "the record for the most interceptions in a season. He played quarterback and defensive back at Carson–Newman College before graduating in 1976. Woods was named the 30th head coach at VMI on February 13, 2008. Before arriving at VMI, Woods had over 30 years of college and professional coaching experience. When coaching at South Carolina, a song about Sparky Woods entitled \"Sparky Rock\" was released on cassette tape. On November 24, 2014, it was announced by VMI that Woods' contract would not be renewed by Athletic Director Dave Diles. The announcement came less than a day after a 45–25 loss",
"psg_id": "11564359"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Woods",
"text": "Sparky Woods Phillip Perry \"Sparky\" Woods (born December 20, 1953) is an American football coach and former player. On February 20, 2015, he was named running backs coach, recruiting coordinator, and associate head coach, at the University of Richmond. Prior, he was the head coach at the Virginia Military Institute, a position he held from 2008 to 2014. Woods served as the head coach at Appalachian State University from 1984 to 1988 and at the University of South Carolina from 1989 to 1993. Woods attended Oneida High School, where he is still currently in the Hall of Fame. He holds",
"psg_id": "11564358"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Too Far",
"text": "(The reason given as to why locals, Frank excepted, stay away from the woods at night.) These elements - of Pan as Satanic and neopaganism as a dangerous path - place \"The Man Who Went Too Far\" in a horror tradition with \"The Great God Pan\" (1890), a novella by Arthur Machen. Frank's obsession with hearing the music of Pan (who in mythology is depicted as playing a flute) and finally seeing him, which he believes will be a transcendent moment, is similar to the work of the character Dr. Raymond in Machen's novella. Raymond conducts scientific experiments with the",
"psg_id": "19980097"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Animation",
"text": "has about 120 employees, and has set up a new subsidiary company in Subang Jaya, Malaysia. It also has production facilities in India. It also has production facilities in India. Dinosaur Train, a coproduction between The Jim Henson Company and The Sparky Animation, received the highest viewership in PBS' history. It has also been selected by Hollywood's People Magazine as the Top Kids' Show. The toys developed from \"Dinosaur Train \" were nominated under the 'Toy of the Year' Award category by the Toy Industry Association, in 2010. At the 2010 – 2011, 38th Annual Daytime Entertainment Emmy Awards, Dinosaur",
"psg_id": "18241202"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Anderson",
"text": "Anderson with Reds' general manager Bob Howsam, who had hired him as a minor-league skipper in the St. Louis Cardinals and Cincinnati organizations. Anderson was named the Reds manager on October 8, 1969. Since he was a relative unknown in the sports world, headlines on the day after his hiring read \"Sparky Who?\" Nonetheless, Anderson led the Reds to 102 wins and the National League pennant in , where they lost the 1970 World Series in five games to the Baltimore Orioles. During this season, the Reds came to be widely known as The Big Red Machine, a nickname they",
"psg_id": "989082"
},
{
"title": "The Doctor (Doctor Who)",
"text": "episode \"The Name of the Doctor\". With this vehicle, the Doctor explores the universe with usually human companions who serve as audience surrogate characters to ask questions which allow the Doctor to provide relevant exposition. \"Doctor\" is a self-selected alias. In later episodes of the revived programme, specifically under show runner Steven Moffat, the story arcs surrounding events in the Doctor's future implied serious consequences in the event of the Doctor's true name being spoken, the nature of these finally being revealed in \"The Time of the Doctor\". Spin-off media offer the explanation that the Doctor's true name is unpronounceable",
"psg_id": "3698613"
},
{
"title": "The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi",
"text": "The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi \"The Girl-Thing who Went Out for Sushi\" is a science fiction novella by American writer Pat Cadigan. It was published in 2012, in the anthology \"Edge of Infinity\" from Solaris Books. A group of workers live in the orbit of Jupiter, where they assist in ongoing scientific research. All the workers have \"gone out for sushi\" — that is, they have had themselves converted into forms resembling marine life (the narrator is an octopus) in order to better function in microgravity. However, this transformation has also made them into a political underclass relative",
"psg_id": "17528044"
},
{
"title": "The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi",
"text": "to the normal humans. \"Sushi\" won the 2013 Hugo Award for Best Novelette, the 2013 Locus Award for Best Novelette, and the 2015 Seiun Award for Best Translated Short Story. The Girl-Thing Who Went Out for Sushi \"The Girl-Thing who Went Out for Sushi\" is a science fiction novella by American writer Pat Cadigan. It was published in 2012, in the anthology \"Edge of Infinity\" from Solaris Books. A group of workers live in the orbit of Jupiter, where they assist in ongoing scientific research. All the workers have \"gone out for sushi\" — that is, they have had themselves",
"psg_id": "17528045"
},
{
"title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia",
"text": "woman using heavy makeup) caught Andy in the act with her brother's wife and that the unfaithful woman also had an affair with the sister's own fiancé. The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia \"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia\" is a Southern Gothic song, written in 1972 by songwriter Bobby Russell and sung by Vicki Lawrence, an American pop music singer, actress, author, and comedienne. Lawrence's version, from her 1973 Bell Records album of the same name, was a number one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 after its release. In addition to several other renditions,",
"psg_id": "5844339"
},
{
"title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia",
"text": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia \"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia\" is a Southern Gothic song, written in 1972 by songwriter Bobby Russell and sung by Vicki Lawrence, an American pop music singer, actress, author, and comedienne. Lawrence's version, from her 1973 Bell Records album of the same name, was a number one hit on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 after its release. In addition to several other renditions, the song was again a hit in 1991 when Reba McEntire recorded it for her album \"For My Broken Heart\". McEntire's version was a single, as well,",
"psg_id": "5844328"
},
{
"title": "In the Name of the Brother",
"text": "extraordinary things discovered in the real world are likely to be \"studied to death.\" The name of the character Greg Mendell is similar to that of Gregor Mendel, who is known as the father of modern genetics. It is not known if this reference is deliberate, or what its significance is. Mendell acknowledges that it is against the law to text while driving in Maine, accurately reflecting a state law that went into effect on September 26, 2011. This episode was at the time the lowest rated in the series' run, with a 2.4/6 among 18-49s and only 7.68 million",
"psg_id": "17043536"
},
{
"title": "Under the Westway",
"text": "that whilst not quite an ‘Olympic spirit’, Damon has found his London lover once again. \"It was bright day in my city today,\" he sings proudly before mentioning that he was, \"watching comets\" from his smoggy locale.\" The review went on to claim the track was \"one of the finest songs they've ever written, and certainly one of the saddest.\" 'Under The Westway' placed third in NME's 'Best Tracks of 2012', while Pitchfork Media named it on their 'Top 100 Tracks of 2012' list. Under the Westway \"Under the Westway\" is a single by English band Blur, released in July",
"psg_id": "16611830"
},
{
"title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia",
"text": "the same name) with differing lyrics and an altered timeline. These altered lyrics were based on the plot line of the 1981 movie \"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia\". During 1991, the song was sung as a cover version by Reba McEntire on her album \"For My Broken Heart\". It reached number 12 on \"Billboard\"'s Hot Country Songs chart. While still a commercially successful release, it broke a string of 24 consecutive top 10 country singles by McEntire. The song also had a successful music video, wherein the older brother of the story is given the name \"Raymond",
"psg_id": "5844337"
},
{
"title": "Islamophobia in the media",
"text": "Islamophobia has been more and more spoken about over time. Websites such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have been directly associated with these media references to Islamophobia. According to \"The Social Network of Hate: Inside Facebook's Walls of Islamophobia\", by British academic Imran Awan, Awan himself had went through 100 different Facebook pages online to which he found 494 posts and comments that were directly appointing hateful words towards Muslim individuals. These posts and comments consisted of racial slurs and negative comments towards the Muslim religion. With such a large community that exists on these social media websites, it is",
"psg_id": "18587966"
},
{
"title": "Media in The Simpsons",
"text": "invasion of privacy by setting up camp outside people's homes. The talk show \"Ben\" reflects the writers' feeling that anyone could host a talk show because all they need is a microphone and an audience. This leads to Homer using public access TV to try to clear his name. The character Birch Barlow, who hosts a conservative radio talk show in Springfield, is a take-off of American talk show host and political commentator Rush Limbaugh. Springfield has its own local newspaper, \"The Springfield Shopper\". The newspaper is often isolated from mainstream media, so the characters do not seem to know",
"psg_id": "7645513"
},
{
"title": "The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was",
"text": "undressed yourself to teach us fear..\" as in figuratively \"put something on, you've put yourself out to teach fear.\"). The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was \"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was\" or \"The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear\" () is a German folktale collected by the Brothers Grimm. It is tale number 4 in the collection. It was also included by Andrew Lang in \"The Blue Fairy Book\" (1889). The Grimms' first, 1812 edition contained a much shorter version, \"Good Bowling",
"psg_id": "7159859"
},
{
"title": "The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was",
"text": "The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was \"The Story of the Youth Who Went Forth to Learn What Fear Was\" or \"The Story of a Boy Who Went Forth to Learn Fear\" () is a German folktale collected by the Brothers Grimm. It is tale number 4 in the collection. It was also included by Andrew Lang in \"The Blue Fairy Book\" (1889). The Grimms' first, 1812 edition contained a much shorter version, \"Good Bowling and Card Playing\" (). It is classified as its own Aarne–Thompson index type 326 of a male protagonist's unsuccessful",
"psg_id": "7159840"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Up in Smoke",
"text": "journalist called Alf Matsson, who disappeared without a trace in Hungary. He was commissioned by a Swedish newspaper to fly to Budapest to conduct an interview with a boxer and report on political events. Since Matsson has not reported for a week, the hotel he is staying in reports to the case to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. However, the case must be handled discreetly because the Ministry fear political entanglements. The Stockholm police is tasked with finding the missing reporter, and send Martin Beck, who sacrifices his vacation to go to Budapest. Beck finds in the Budapest Hotel that",
"psg_id": "6505922"
},
{
"title": "Crooked Media",
"text": "\"\"Pod Save America\"'s commentators are sparky and funny—and they have a habit of talking a whole lot of sense.\" Crooked Media Crooked Media is an American political media company. It was founded in 2017 by Jon Favreau, Jon Lovett, and Tommy Vietor, all former top Barack Obama staffers and co-hosts, with Dan Pfeiffer, of the \"Keepin' it 1600\" podcast. The company's offerings encompass a network of podcasts; a news and opinion website; live shows and tours; and a social media and live streaming presence. It aims to foster open conversation between liberals and support grassroots activism and political participation. The",
"psg_id": "20207878"
},
{
"title": "She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty",
"text": "of Your Heart\", was recorded by O'Connor for the soundtrack to the 1993 film \"In the Name of the Father\", and does not appear on any of O'Connor's studio albums. She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty She Who Dwells in the Secret Place of the Most High Shall Abide Under the Shadow of the Almighty is a 2003 double album by Sinéad O'Connor. It is a two-CD set. The first CD collects several rare tracks O'Connor recorded as B-sides, for soundtrack albums or in collaboration with other",
"psg_id": "4195963"
},
{
"title": "Scientists Under Attack: Genetic Engineering in the Magnetic Field of Money",
"text": "Scientists Under Attack: Genetic Engineering in the Magnetic Field of Money Scientists Under Attack: Genetic Engineering in the Magnetic Field of Money (original title: \"Gekaufte Wahrheit – Gentechnik im Magnetfeld des Geldes\") is a 2010 German documentary by . It alleges that the biotechnology industry was implicit in ruining the careers of Árpád Pusztai and Ignacio Chapela when they published research critical of genetic engineering. The 2010 documentary interviewed three scientists (Árpád Pusztai, Nina Fedoroff and Ignacio Chapela) and an attorney (Andrew Kimbrell). Pusztai was a biochemist who went to the media with unpublished research claiming that a type of",
"psg_id": "17297892"
},
{
"title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (film)",
"text": "for films in 1981. The film is rated 79 percent on Rotten Tomatoes. The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (film) The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia is a 1981 American musical drama film starring Kristy McNichol, Dennis Quaid, Mark Hamill and Don Stroud, directed by Ronald F. Maxwell. It was very loosely inspired by the 1973 Vicki Lawrence song of the same name (it shares almost no plot elements with the original song). In 1981, Tanya Tucker recorded a different version for the film's soundtrack and new lyrics related to the plot of the film were",
"psg_id": "6379075"
},
{
"title": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (film)",
"text": "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia (film) The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia is a 1981 American musical drama film starring Kristy McNichol, Dennis Quaid, Mark Hamill and Don Stroud, directed by Ronald F. Maxwell. It was very loosely inspired by the 1973 Vicki Lawrence song of the same name (it shares almost no plot elements with the original song). In 1981, Tanya Tucker recorded a different version for the film's soundtrack and new lyrics related to the plot of the film were written. These altered lyrics were based on the plot line of the movie,",
"psg_id": "6379072"
},
{
"title": "Fat Worm Blows a Sparky",
"text": "Fat Worm Blows a Sparky Fat Worm Blows a Sparky is a maze video game written by Julian Todd for the ZX Spectrum and published by Durell Software in . Todd wrote the game in the five months before going to university. It was not ported to other systems, and it is the only published game he developed. The player controls a microscopic worm being chased across the circuit board of a Sinclair Spectrum. With a top-down view, \"Fat Worm\" uses solid vector graphics on the ZX Spectrum. \"CRASH\" awarded \"Fat Worm\" 95%. The reviewers were impressed with the solid",
"psg_id": "10062653"
},
{
"title": "Fat Worm Blows a Sparky",
"text": "3D graphics and the quirky nature of controlling the protagonist, concluding \"extremely silly, and wonderful fun\". \"Your Sinclair\", similarly impressed, awarded 9 out of 10. Julian later became critical of the gameplay, stating that kid programmers like himself had \"insufficient understanding\" and that at the time \"it seemed logical that the players ought to suffer\" as much as the developers; but that feedback from players in the form of pokes and cheats often enhanced published games to make them fun. Fat Worm Blows a Sparky Fat Worm Blows a Sparky is a maze video game written by Julian Todd for",
"psg_id": "10062654"
},
{
"title": "Who's Who in the CIA",
"text": "of CIA agents and other intelligence officials. Many famous people are listed in this book, including Bill Moyers, Lyndon Johnson, Robert McNamara, and others. More than once a 'new' CIA name has surfaced in Western media that had been sitting in Mader's book all along. Six agents from the CIA backed Chile coup of 1973 are also named in the book. A copy of this book without the dust cover has been on display at the International Spy Museum in Washington, DC. From \"Who's Who in CIA\": The rulers of the USA are, of course, extremely interested in keeping the",
"psg_id": "9504923"
},
{
"title": "Free speech in the media during the 2011 Libyan Civil War",
"text": "part due to a lack of experienced professional staff, in part to years of living under a repressive media regime, and in part due to a shortage of financing. Yosberides () is a privately owned Libyan newspaper published weekly in print and on the internet. Based in Benghazi, the country's second largest city, its original name was Quryna (). It was part of Al-Ghad Media Corporation owned by Colonel Gaddafi's son Saif al-Islam until it was nationalized in 2009. Its reporting was sympathetic to Gaddafi until rebel forces took control of Benghazi in early 2011. After that, it reported more",
"psg_id": "15460843"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Underground",
"text": "Curious about the high mortality rate among Mooseville's carpenter class, Qwill starts to suspect foul play. Koko only adds to his misgivings by enigmatically thumping his tail in Qwill's face every five minutes -- in perfect synchronization, one might say -- with Qwill's own twitching mustache. By summer's end the cabin is beyond repair -- and Qwill is under suspicion of murder.\" With Polly Duncan in England, Qwilleran realizes that Pickax is a bore in summer. So he decides to go to his cabin on the lakeshore in Mooseville. Shortly before Qwill arrives, Buddy Yarrow, a carpenter, drowns while fishing,",
"psg_id": "9956221"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Underground",
"text": "After a squall hits, the men become stranded on the island and are later rescued after a harrowing experience and taken to the Pickax hospital. He is released the next day and arrives home to find Iggy's truck is parked in the drive, but the carpenter is nowhere to be found. Koko then begins to paw excitedly at the trap door to the crawlspace under the cabin, which is where all the pipes and electrical wires enter the house, and Qwill lets Koko in. Koko had recently shown a great interest in the trap door, and to try to convince",
"psg_id": "9956226"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Up in Smoke",
"text": "police force, who lacks the imagination required for his line of work, for which he thinks bureaucracy is a replacement. Also while in Malmö they meet Per Månsson for the first time, he will have a larger roll in later books Einar Rönn is mentioned for the first time but will not appear until the next novel. It might be argued that Beck and his wife are already getting estranged. It only takes the flimsiest amounts of passive-aggressiveness from his superiors to make him give up his holiday, even though both make clear to him that he does not have",
"psg_id": "6505924"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Went Up in Smoke",
"text": "Matsson left the hotel without a passport and luggage on the day of his arrival, and since then has been unseen. The Hungarian police is not willing to do much, but Martin Beck then meets a Hungarian policeman who helps him with the case. Since there is neither evidence nor any trace of Matsson, white Beck does not know what to do. But one night he is attacked on the riverside by unknown people. He survives thanks to the Budapest Police and the perpetrators are caught. Beck and Kollberg have their first, short run-in with detective Backlund of the Malmö",
"psg_id": "6505923"
},
{
"title": "In the Name of Love (Thompson Twins song)",
"text": "In the Name of Love (Thompson Twins song) \"In the Name of Love\" is a 1982 single written and performed by The Thompson Twins, at the time a septet (Tom Bailey, Alannah Currie, Joe Leeway, John Roog, Chris Bell, Peter Dodd, and Matthew Seligman). It was the first of twelve entries on the \"Billboard\" dance chart for the group, and the first entry for the band in the lower reaches of the US and UK pop charts (peaking outside the UK top 75, and \"bubbling under\" the hot 100 on the US charts.) \"In the Name of Love\" went to",
"psg_id": "16067089"
},
{
"title": "The Day My Bum Went Psycho",
"text": "The Day My Bum Went Psycho The Day My Bum Went Psycho is a novel for children by Australian author Andy Griffiths. \"Bum\" is a slang word used in many English-speaking countries for the buttocks; in North America the term \"butt\" is used instead, and the book is published there under the title The Day My Butt Went Psycho. The protagonist is a boy called Zack Freeman who has to seek the help of some \"bum-hunters\" to catch his bum after he learns it is actually the leader of a band of rogue bums determined to control the world. It",
"psg_id": "7178460"
},
{
"title": "The Cat Who Went Underground",
"text": "but the police report it as an accident. When he arrives, Qwill discovers his heater is broken, so calls a nearby resident and friend, Mildred Hanstable. She suggests subscribing to \"Glinko,\" a family \"network\" that \"dispatches\" people like plumbers, electricians and others for emergencies. The plumber \"dispatched\" is Joanna Trump, known to many as Little Joe, who is the daughter of Big Joe, a carpenter who was recently killed in an accident. She makes many visits to fix broken plumbing equipment. Qwill is annoyed at the constant breakdowns and sometimes even suspects her of breaking things on purpose, but is",
"psg_id": "9956222"
},
{
"title": "In the Name of Suffering",
"text": "2015, the album, along with \"Take as Needed for Pain\", was repressed on vinyl through Century Media. This 2015 pressing was made available on black, white (limited to 100 copies) and gold (limited to 500 copies) colored vinyl. Also released on the same day was a four-disc CD boxset containing the group's first four albums (including \"In the Name of Suffering\"). Since its initial release, \"In the Name of Suffering\" has received praise for its rough style, and is seen as one of the first, as well as one of the most important, sludge metal albums of the 1990s. Heavy",
"psg_id": "7178440"
},
{
"title": "Islamophobia in the media",
"text": "that British tabloids such as \"The Sun\" tend to highlight crimes committed by Muslims in an undue and disproportionate manner. In 2013, British Muslim historian Humayun Ansari said that politicians and the media are still fuelling Islamophobia. John E. Richardson's 2004 book \"(Mis)representing Islam: the racism and rhetoric of British broadsheet newspapers\", criticized the British media for propagating negative stereotypes of Muslims and fueling anti-Muslim prejudice. In another study conducted by John E. Richardson, he found that 85% of mainstream newspaper articles treated Muslims as a homogeneous mass who were imagined as a threat to British society. In the media,",
"psg_id": "18587965"
},
{
"title": "Media in The Simpsons",
"text": "He was a star in the early 1970s, but his career went downhill due to rumors of a paraphilia involving fish. In most of his appearances in the show, he hosts short video clips that other characters watch on television or in a public place. He often presents educational videos and infomercials. Turner argues that \"the smarmy Hollywood type...has been done to death, but Hartman's version breathed new life into it with each appearance. McClure has become the apotheosis of the stereotype, a gut-achingly funny reinterpretation whose trademark introduction...has become a shorthand way to describe any grossly artificial media figure.\"",
"psg_id": "7645477"
},
{
"title": "Under the Dragon's Tail",
"text": "training for the Toronto police boxing tournament under the tutelage of Inspector Ramsgate. All three movies were released on DVD in a boxed set on November 11, 2008. On March 3, 2015, Acorn Media announced a re-release for all three movies, set for May 26, 2015. Under the Dragon's Tail Under the Dragon's Tail is a 2005 made-for-TV film starring Peter Outerbridge, Matthew MacFadzean, Hélène Joy, and Flora Montgomery. It was adapted by Janet MacLean from the novel by Maureen Jennings of the same name. This is the third film, introducing the character of William Murdoch and his unique ways",
"psg_id": "15505750"
},
{
"title": "The IQ Controversy, the Media and Public Policy",
"text": "political beliefs; thankfully, they can't make it stick.\" In a 1994 article entitled \"Media vs. Reality\", psychologist Hans J. Eysenck cites the Snyderman and Rothman study as proof that, despite the reports of him and his views which have appeared in the media to the contrary, his findings have always been in \"complete accord with orthodoxy\". He complains of being misrepresented in the media as a \"maverick\" with \"controversial\" views who went against consensus. Eysenck sees the Snyderman and Rothman study as proving that \"exactly the opposite is true\". Linda Gottfredson argues that the Snyderman and Rothman study helps to",
"psg_id": "9674879"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Changed His Name (1934 film)",
"text": "thoughts when gradually come to suspect that their intended victim, having since changed his name, is in fact a notorious killer from Canada. Eventually it transpires he was not the murderer, but is only using it as a trick to push his wife and her lover to reveal their deception out of fear. The Man Who Changed His Name (1934 film) The Man Who Changed His Name is a 1934 British crime film directed by Henry Edwards and starring Lyn Harding, Betty Stockfeld and Leslie Perrins. It was based on the play \"The Man Who Changed His Name\" by Edgar",
"psg_id": "19740766"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "Bush summoned the legislature into special session and in early 2000 it quickly approved lethal injection as the means of execution that must be used unless the inmate requests electrocution. The Attorney General then notified the Federal court and it agreed to dismiss the case based on the change in law. Georgia's electric chair, known as \"Old Sparky\", located at Georgia State Prison was installed in 1924 following the state's abolition of hanging and was the sole method of execution in Georgia until October 25, 2001. The original chair, which was painted white, was replaced in 1980 and sent from",
"psg_id": "2948070"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "had confirmed that death had occurred. In its 75 years of operation, a total of 695 men and women were executed by the electric chair in New York state (614 at Sing Sing alone). From 1914, all executions were conducted at Sing Sing prison using \"Old Sparky\". Eddie Mays would become the last person to be executed on August 15, 1963. Two years later New York state abolished capital punishment. The state would later reinstate the practice in 1995 using lethal injection, but the practice was abolished again in 2004, after the Court of Appeals ruled in \"People v. LaValle\"",
"psg_id": "2948077"
},
{
"title": "Old Sparky",
"text": "in organ donation. Kentucky's electric chair, known as \"Old Sparky\", is located at the Kentucky State Penitentiary in Eddyville, Kentucky. It was first used on July 8, 1911; the first inmate to die in the chair was James Buckner, convicted of killing a police officer several weeks earlier. On July 13, 1928, Kentucky set a record by electrocuting eight men in its chair, each immediately after the other, more than any other state has electrocuted in a single day. The state has decommissioned the electric chair except for those whose capital crimes were committed prior to March 31, 1998 and",
"psg_id": "2948072"
},
{
"title": "Sparky Anderson",
"text": "with the Santa Barbara Dodgers of the class-C California League, where he was primarily used as a shortstop. In , he was moved up to the class-A Pueblo Dodgers of the Western League and was moved to second base, where he played the rest of his career. In , Anderson was moved another step up the minor league ladder, playing for the Double-A Fort Worth Cats of the Texas League. A radio announcer gave him the nickname \"Sparky\" in 1955 for his feisty play. In , he moved up once more, this time to the Triple-A Montreal Royals of the",
"psg_id": "989077"
},
{
"title": "Mr. Monk Goes to the Firehouse",
"text": "are at the firehouse, Natalie asks Joe some more questions about Sparky's habits, and Joe says that Sparky was allowed to run loose around the neighborhood when they were out responding to 9-1-1 calls. He doesn’t know where Sparky went while they were gone, but in the last few weeks, he always smelled like crap. Monk solves a piece of the case, and he and Natalie head across the street to confront Gregorio Dumas: it seems that Dumas has been tunneling into the basement of the firehouse, using the sewer line. He deliberately used his poodle to distract Sparky so",
"psg_id": "13057425"
}
] | [
"sparky schulz",
"charles shulz",
"charles m. shultz",
"charles m. schulz",
"charles m schulz",
"schulz, charles monroe",
"charles shultz",
"schulz, charles m",
"charles m. schultz",
"charles monroe schulz",
"schulz, charles m.",
"charles schulz",
"charles shulz tribute",
"charlie brown, snoopy and me"
] |
what was the world's first atomic-powered ship called? | [
{
"title": "Nuclear-powered icebreaker",
"text": "icebreakers, and one is a container ship with an icebreaking bow. All six nuclear-powered icebreakers of the \"Arktika\" class have been built at the Baltic Shipyard in St. Petersburg. \"Vaigach\" and \"Taimyr\" were built at the Helsinki New Shipyard in Finland and then brought to Russia for installation of the reactors and turbogenerators. At its launch in 1957 the icebreaker NS \"Lenin\" was both the world's first nuclear-powered surface ship and the first nuclear-powered civilian vessel. \"Lenin\" was put into ordinary operation in 1959. \"Lenin\" had two nuclear accidents, the first in 1965, and the second in 1967. The second",
"psg_id": "2688194"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "World Human Powered Vehicle Association",
"text": "World Human Powered Vehicle Association The World Human Powered Vehicle Association is dedicated to promoting the design and development of human-powered vehicles. Its main focus is coordinating between national HPV clubs with regard to competitions and records. The WHPVA also supports the Human Power eJournal, with a broader focus including stationary uses of human power. The WHPVA was originally called the IHPVA (International Human Powered Vehicle Association), which was founded in 1976 in the USA and was for many years an association of individual members. In 1997 the IHPVA was reorganized into an international association with national organizations as members",
"psg_id": "13180366"
},
{
"title": "Type N3 ship",
"text": "Type N3 ship Type N3-S ships were a Maritime Commission small coastal cargo ship design to meet urgent World War II shipping needs, with the first of the 109 N3, both steam and diesel, type hulls delivered in December 1942. They were built by the Penn Jersey Shipbuilding Co. of Camden, New Jersey. The N3-S, with \"S\" designating \"steam,\" came in two versions patterned on and sometimes themselves termed Baltic Coasters. One, the N3-S-A1 was coal fired reciprocating steam powered at British request with the N3-S-A2 variant being oil fired and both types intended largely for wartime lend lease. The",
"psg_id": "14428770"
},
{
"title": "Cargo ship",
"text": "(Motor Vessel, powered by diesel), \"MT\" (Motor Tanker, powered vessel carrying liquids only) \"FV\" Fishing Vessel and \"SS\" (Screw Streamer, driven by propellers or screws, often understood to stand for Steamship). \"TS\", sometimes found in first position before a merchant ship's prefix, denotes that it is a \"T\"urbine \"S\"teamer. (For further discussion, see Ship prefixes.) Famous cargo ships include the Liberty ships of World War II, partly based on a British design. Liberty ship sections were prefabricated in locations across the United States and then assembled by shipbuilders in an average of six weeks, with the record being just over",
"psg_id": "3391568"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Rulers of the World",
"text": "Atomic Rulers of the World Atomic Rulers of the World (or just Atomic Rulers) is a 1964 film edited together for American television from films #1 and #2 of the 1957 Japanese short film series \"Super Giant\". The story involves the superhero Starman (Super Giant in Japan) who is sent by the Emerald Planet to protect Earth from the nuclear holocaust threatened by the country of Metropol. The 9 \"Super Giant\" films were purchased for distribution to U.S. television and edited into 4 films by Walter Manley Enterprises and Medallion Films. The 2 original Japanese films which went into \"Atomic",
"psg_id": "8391100"
},
{
"title": "The Atomic Submarine",
"text": "The Atomic Submarine The Atomic Submarine is a 1959 independently made American black-and-white science fiction film drama, produced by Alex Gordon, directed by Spencer Gordon Bennet, that stars Arthur Franz, Dick Foran, Brett Halsey and Joi Lansing, with John Hilliard as the voice of the alien. The film was distributed by Allied Artists Pictures Corporation. The storyline of \"The Atomic Submarine\" concerns an alien invasion that begins when an underwater UFO attacks the world's shipping for unknown reasons. The film showcases the (then) new technology of nuclear submarines and follows the crew and scientists aboard the atomic powered USS \"Tigershark\",",
"psg_id": "9026389"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Rulers of the World",
"text": "Starman film, \"Invaders from Space\" on a single disc on December 10, 2002. Alpha Video also released a budget-priced disc of the film by itself on June 22, 2004. Atomic Rulers of the World Atomic Rulers of the World (or just Atomic Rulers) is a 1964 film edited together for American television from films #1 and #2 of the 1957 Japanese short film series \"Super Giant\". The story involves the superhero Starman (Super Giant in Japan) who is sent by the Emerald Planet to protect Earth from the nuclear holocaust threatened by the country of Metropol. The 9 \"Super Giant\"",
"psg_id": "8391102"
},
{
"title": "What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World",
"text": "of \"Make You Better\", stating \"The band has never lacked the musical bona fides to write a great anthem.\" The album debuted at No. 7 on the \"Billboard\" 200 albums chart on its release, selling around 50,000 copies in the United States in its first week. It also debuted at No. 2 on \"Billboard\"'s Top Rock Albums, and No. 1 on the Folk Albums chart. The album has sold 123,000 copies in the United States as of October 2015. All songs written by Colin Meloy. According to the liner notes of \"What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World\". What",
"psg_id": "18355624"
},
{
"title": "Powered by the Apocalypse",
"text": "Powered by the Apocalypse Powered by the Apocalypse (PbtA) is a role-playing game system developed for the 2010 game \"Apocalypse World\" and also used for \"Dungeon World\", \"Monsterhearts\" and numerous other RPGs. \"Apocalypse World\" won the 2010 Indie RPG Awards for \"Most Innovative Game\" and Dungeon World won the 2013 ENnie award for \"Best Rules\". Powered by the Apocalypse games are centered around resolving what characters do as Moves. Characters have access to a default selection of moves based on the expectations of the game setting. In the fantasy game, \"Dungeon World\", characters have access to a hack and slash",
"psg_id": "17699770"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Age",
"text": "pill. Glenn T. Seaborg, who chaired the Atomic Energy Commission, wrote \"there will be nuclear powered earth-to-moon shuttles, nuclear powered artificial hearts, plutonium heated swimming pools for SCUBA divers, and much more\". The phrase \"Atomic Age\" was coined by William L. Laurence, a New York Times journalist who became the official journalist for the Manhattan Project which developed the first nuclear weapons. He witnessed both the Trinity test and the bombing of Nagasaki and went on to write a series of articles extolling the virtues of the new weapon. His reporting before and after the bombings helped to spur public",
"psg_id": "1670591"
},
{
"title": "The World Is What It Is",
"text": "The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in 2008 (by Picador in the UK and Knopf in the USA). The title is a quotation from Naipaul's book \"A Bend in the River\". \"The world is what it is; men who are nothing, who allow themselves to become nothing, have no place in it.\" French deals with Naipaul's family background and his life from his birth in 1932 until his second marriage",
"psg_id": "12715771"
},
{
"title": "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists",
"text": "as a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization to serve as the parent organization and fundraising mechanism of the \"Bulletin\". In 2003, the Board of Directors voted to change the foundation's name to Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. The \"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists\" began as an emergency action undertaken by scientists who saw urgent need for an immediate educational program about atomic weapons. The intention was to educate fellow scientists about the relationship between their world of science and the world of national and international politics. A second was to help the American people understand what nuclear energy and its possible applications",
"psg_id": "970726"
},
{
"title": "Claims to the first powered flight",
"text": "a steam-powered aeroplane which took off from a ramp with a sailor on board and remained airborne for a short distance. This has sometimes been claimed as the first powered flight in history but the claim is generally rejected because takeoff was gravity-assisted and flight was not sustained. It is however credited as the first powered take-off in history. Ten years later in 1884 the Russian Alexander Mozhaysky achieved similar success, launching his craft from a ramp and remaining airborne for 30 m (98 ft). The claim that this was a sustained flight has not been taken seriously outside Russia.",
"psg_id": "18102466"
},
{
"title": "Orion (ship, 1904)",
"text": "Orion (ship, 1904) Orion was constructed as a whale catcher in 1904, in Christiana, Norway. She was a steam-powered vessel, long, wide, displacing 109 tonnes. Robert Lloyd Webb, author of a book on commercial whaling in the Pacific Northwest, wrote that she was the first steam-powered chaser boat in British Columbia. He recorded that \"Orion\" had to ship her whale catching gear in a commercial freighter, because every available space had to be loaded with coal for her long and difficult voyage from Norway, around Cape Horn, to British Columbia. \"Orion\"s first crew, who sailed her from Norway, were Norwegian",
"psg_id": "20085456"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Rooster",
"text": "the name Atomic Rooster (with influence from the US band Rhinoceros), and soon recruited Nick Graham on bass and vocals. They followed with what had been the Crazy World of Arthur Brown arrangement of vocals, organ, bass, and drums. They soon undertook live dates around London; at their first headlining gig at the London Lyceum on Friday 29 August 1969, the opening act was Deep Purple. They eventually struck a deal with B & C Records and began recording their debut album in December 1969. Their first LP, \"Atomic Roooster\", was released in February 1970, along with a single, \"Friday",
"psg_id": "12170467"
},
{
"title": "Claims to the first powered flight",
"text": "Claims to the first powered flight Several aviators have been claimed as the first to fly a powered aeroplane. Much controversy has surrounded these claims. It is most widely held today that the Wright Brothers were the first to fly successfully. Brazil regards Santos-Dumont as the first successful aviator because the Wright Flyer took off from a rail and, after 1903, used a catapult. An editorial in the influential \"Jane's All the World's Aircraft\" 2013 edition supported the claim of Gustave Whitehead. Several aviators and/or their supporters have laid claim to the first manned flight in a powered aeroplane. Claims",
"psg_id": "18102464"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Games",
"text": "Days in Fallujah\", in cooperation with Konami, until the latter decided to withdraw from the project in August 2009, causing significant layoffs at Atomic Games. The company went on to finish the game, but never released it. Atomic Games released the game called \"Breach\", which is a multiplayer-only downloadable first-person shooter. Atomic Games was signed to Avalon Hill in 1993 by the company's Jim Rose, and began developing \"Beyond Squad Leader\" and the \"World at War\" series for its new publisher. Rose, hired to lead Avalon Hill's computer game division in December 1992, had been tasked with reviving this section",
"psg_id": "8716602"
},
{
"title": "The World Is What It Is",
"text": "in 1996. The biography has been extensively reviewed: the reviewers include Paul Theroux, who wrote an earlier book about Naipaul. The biography was selected by the editors of the \"New York Times Book Review\" as one of the \"Times\"' \"10 Best Books of 2008\". It won the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award in Biography, and the British literary award the Hawthornden Prize. The World Is What It Is The World Is What It Is: The Authorized Biography of V. S. Naipaul is a biography of the Nobel Prize-winning author V. S. Naipaul by Patrick French. It was published in",
"psg_id": "12715772"
},
{
"title": "Steam-powered vessels",
"text": "an iceberg and took on water, killing over 1,500 people. The \"Seawise Giant\" supertanker was the largest steam-powered ship ever created and the largest ship ever built, before it was scrapped in 2010. It was over 450 meters in length. The RMS \"Lusitania\" was a steam-propelled passenger vessel sunk by a German U-Boat in 1915. The sinking of the \"Lusitania\" played a role in involving the United States with the developing World War. The HMHS \"Britannic\" was a successor to the \"Titanic\", built as a luxury cruise liner. With the onset of World War I, the ship was drafted for",
"psg_id": "18194014"
},
{
"title": "What Is This Thing Called Love?",
"text": "What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \"Wake Up and Dream\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was produced on Broadway in December 1929; in the American rendition, \"What Is This Thing Called",
"psg_id": "4434716"
},
{
"title": "Steam-powered vessels",
"text": "wartime efforts and converted to a hospital ship. It was sunk in 1916 by a German naval mine. The USS \"Monitor was a tactically valuable ironclad Union warship built in 1862, used to gain naval supremacy against Confederate ironclads until it sank later that year. The ship was heavily armed with a single rotating turret at the center of the ship and had very little surface area above water. Steam-powered vessels Steam-powered vessels include steamboats and steamships. Smaller steamboats were developed first. They were replaced by larger steamships which were often ocean-going. Steamships required a change in propulsion technology from",
"psg_id": "18194015"
},
{
"title": "S. S. Minnow",
"text": "he called American television \"a vast wasteland\". The ship prefix \"S.S.\" is used for ships that are powered by steam. However, incidents within the show have at different times implied the \"Minnow\" has either a gasoline engine, as in an episode where the Professor is trying to make spark plugs for the engine out of sea shells, or a diesel engine, as in a scene where, after the castaways use home-made glue to repair the boat, all its boards spring off, revealing what appears to be such an engine. Therefore the correct ship prefix should be either \"M.V.\" (motor vessel)",
"psg_id": "6012783"
},
{
"title": "Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb",
"text": "mentions history of warfare weapons, up to the new atomic bomb. Eventually, Truman authorizes the bombing of Hiroshima. The crew from Enola Gay is seen on their way to the skies over Hiroshima, and then drop the bomb. The book describes in detail what happens: \"The effect was like this: The heat and the light hit before the sound. Now, in a world without sight or sound, a wave of air traveling at more than 800 miles per hour sweeps outwards in all directions. In its wake comes the earth-trembling roar of the atmosphere aflame. The blast is so hot",
"psg_id": "17917021"
},
{
"title": "Soviet communications ship SSV-33",
"text": "Soviet communications ship SSV-33 SSV-33 Ural (\"ССВ-33 Урал\") (NATO reporting name: Kapusta (Russian for \"cabbage\")) was a command and control naval ship operated by the Soviet Navy. \"SSV-33\"s hull was derived from that of the nuclear powered s with nuclear marine propulsion. \"SSV-33\" served in electronic intelligence, missile tracking, space tracking, and communications relay roles. Due to high operating costs, \"SSV-33\" was laid up. The onboard radio reconnaissance system was called \"Coral\"; this involved two computer types: \"Elbrus\" and several \"EC-1046\" computers. \"SSV-33\" carried only light defensive weapons. These were two AK-176 76 mm guns, four AK-630 30 mm guns,",
"psg_id": "9524944"
},
{
"title": "The Atomic Mr. Basie",
"text": "great record.\" According to Acclaimed Music, it is the 4th most critically acclaimed album of 1958, the 23rd most acclaimed of the 1950s, and the 770th most acclaimed of all time, based on an aggregation of hundreds of critics' lists from around the world. The album won Best Jazz Performance, Group and Best Performance by a Dance Band awards at the 1st Annual Grammy Awards. All songs composed and arranged by Neal Hefti except where noted. The Atomic Mr. Basie The Atomic Mr. Basie (originally called Basie, also known as E=MC and reissued in 1994 as The Complete Atomic Basie)",
"psg_id": "7181039"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Tom",
"text": "2012, Atomic Tom went back into the studio to begin pre-production on their follow up to \"The Moment\". In Early 2013, the band moved to Los Angeles and began playing a few shows around the LA area to test out new material. On June 25, 2013 the band released a cover of \"Everybody Wants To Rule The World\" by Tears for Fears, their first studio recording since 2011's \"Last Christmas\". During the month of July 2013, Atomic Tom began releasing live acoustic versions of new songs, including \"Someone To Love\", \"1978\" & \"Touch\". These songs were filmed and recorded live",
"psg_id": "14997750"
},
{
"title": "I Was Here (song)",
"text": "served as producers of the video with the animation done by Dirt Empire NYC. The campaign aimed to reach 1 billion people with a single message when it launched, further making social media history. Several illustrations were launched on Beyoncé's website explaining how people could leave their mark on the world. The campaign was powered and measured by a new platform called Thunderclap created by creative shop DE-DE which aggregated the social reach of campaign supporters. Droga5's creative chairman David Droga further explained the decision to include Beyoncé for the World Humanitarian Day, \"The hope, first and foremost, was to",
"psg_id": "15804055"
},
{
"title": "Atomic engineering",
"text": "Atomic engineering The term \"Atomic engineering\" appears to have been first used in 1946 by Theodore von Kármán, where he wrote: Atomic power, which, today, is generally considered to be in the discipline of nuclear engineering, is an example of what he had in mind. Atomic engineering may be a superset of nuclear engineering, due to the historical usage of terms like Atoms for Peace , International Atomic Energy Agency, 'atomic engineer', etc.. An inclusive definition is: \"exploiting the atomic characters of matter for engineering applications.\" For example, an atomic clock and potential applications of ultra-cold atom belong to atomic",
"psg_id": "19341041"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Age",
"text": "Atomic Age The Atomic Age, also known as the Atomic Era, is the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear (\"atomic\") bomb, \"Trinity\", on July 16, 1945, during World War II. Although nuclear chain reactions had been hypothesized in 1933 and the first artificial self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction (Chicago Pile-1) had taken place in December 1942, the Trinity test and the ensuing bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki that ended World War II represented the first large-scale use of nuclear technology and ushered in profound changes in sociopolitical thinking and the course of technology development. While atomic power",
"psg_id": "1670585"
},
{
"title": "The What in the World? Quiz",
"text": "The What in the World? Quiz The What in the World? Quiz is a British comedy panel game first broadcast on 5 September 2008 on Five. The show is hosted by Marcus Brigstocke and guest stars Lee Hurst and Dominic Holland as the team captains. The show asks questions themed on science and technology. The guests on the show are scientists and academic experts. After the first three episodes, the rest of the series was indefinitely postponed. \"The What in the World? Quiz\" is split into four different rounds. 1) World of Extremes: The panel are given three different things",
"psg_id": "12432986"
},
{
"title": "The Atomic Cafe",
"text": "of the media and public. Though the topic of atomic holocaust is a grave matter, \"The Atomic Cafe\" approaches it with black humor. Much of the humor derives from the modern audience's reaction to the old training films, such as the \"Duck and Cover\" film shown in schools. A quote to illustrate what can be perceived as black humor, culled from the movie: \"Viewed from a safe distance, the atomic bomb is one of the most beautiful sights ever seen by man,\" a U.S. Army training film declares. \"The Atomic Cafe\" was released at the height of nostalgia and cynicism",
"psg_id": "1457391"
},
{
"title": "Atomic spies",
"text": "Atomic spies \"Atomic spies\" or \"atom spies\" were people in the United States, Great Britain, and Canada who are known to have illicitly given information about nuclear weapons production or design to the Soviet Union during World War II and the early Cold War. Exactly what was given, and whether everyone on the list gave it are still matters of some scholarly dispute, and in some cases, what were originally seen as strong testimonies or confessions were admitted as fabricated in later years. Their work constitutes the most publicly well-known and well-documented case of nuclear espionage in the history of",
"psg_id": "6452611"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Rulers of the World",
"text": "Rulers of the World\" (\"Super Giant\" and \"Super Giant Continues\") were 49 minutes and 53 minutes in duration. The two films were edited into one 83-minute film. The original films were two parts of a complete story, but a total of 19 minutes was cut during the re-editing, dropping elements from both films. Also, most of the original music was scrapped and replaced by library cues. The result was a product considerably different from the Japanese originals. \"Atomic Rulers of the World\" is currently available on two DVD releases. Something Weird Video with Image Entertainment released the film and another",
"psg_id": "8391101"
},
{
"title": "Atomic fountain",
"text": "The use of an atomic fountain with a cooled atomic cloud allows for wait times on the order of one second, which is vastly greater than what can be achieved by performing the Ramsey method on a hot atomic beam. This is one reason why NIST-F1, a cesium fountain clock, can keep time more precisely than NIST-7, a cesium beam clock. The idea of the atomic fountain was first proposed in the 1950s by Jerrold Zacharias. Zacharias attempted to implement an atomic fountain using a thermal beam of atoms, under the assumption that the atoms at the low-velocity end of",
"psg_id": "11831047"
},
{
"title": "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World",
"text": "World.\" In 1993, five years after the original recording, Bertosa played the song for producer Jon de Mello while the two were completing work on \"Facing Future\", and de Mello decided to include it in the album as \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World\". \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World\" reached #12 on \"Billboard\"'s Hot Digital Tracks chart the week of January 31, 2004 (for the survey week ending January 18, 2004). According to the Israel Kamakawiwoʻole website, Universal Studios first became interested in using the song in the movie and on the soundtrack for \"Meet Joe Black\"",
"psg_id": "17041653"
},
{
"title": "Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb",
"text": "called Disease X, which turns out to be radiation poisoning. The world now sees the possible results of nuclear warfare, and the doctrine of mutually assured destruction arises. Nuclear weapons begin to proliferate. The public now prepares itself as it enters into the new Atomic Age. The book was published to generally positive reviews. Ray Olson, writing in \"Booklist\", praised the artwork and design, saying that \"the page layouts are attractively busy and varied, never crowded and hard to read, while the text proceeds stepwise down each page, never courting confusion by running in circles or zigzagging...\", and finishing by",
"psg_id": "17917024"
},
{
"title": "Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists",
"text": "Board takes into account when deciding the time of the Clock each year. As of August 2018, the \"Bulletin\"'s Board of Sponsors boasts 13 Nobel Laureates In the 1950s, the \"Bulletin\" was involved in the formation of the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs, annual conferences of scientists concerned about nuclear proliferation, and, more broadly, the role of science in modern society. The founder and first editor of the \"Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists\" was biophysicist Eugene Rabinowitch (1901–1973). He founded the magazine with physicist Hyman Goldsmith. Rabinowitch was a professor of botany and biophysics at the University of",
"psg_id": "970724"
},
{
"title": "In a World Called Catastrophe",
"text": "In a World Called Catastrophe \"In a World Called Catastrophe\" is a song by Canadian rock artist Matthew Good. It was released in January 2003 as the second single from his debut solo album, \"Avalanche\". The song reached number 5 on Canada's Singles Chart. As with the previous single \"Weapon\", the song features accompaniment by the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra. The song was featured on the 8th edition of the Canadian series of \"Now That's What I Call Music\". The music video for \"In a World Called Catastrophe\" was directed by Kyle Davison and premiered in early 2003. The video has",
"psg_id": "14870238"
},
{
"title": "In a World Called Catastrophe",
"text": "a strong anti-war viewpoint. In a World Called Catastrophe \"In a World Called Catastrophe\" is a song by Canadian rock artist Matthew Good. It was released in January 2003 as the second single from his debut solo album, \"Avalanche\". The song reached number 5 on Canada's Singles Chart. As with the previous single \"Weapon\", the song features accompaniment by the Vancouver Symphony Orchestra. The song was featured on the 8th edition of the Canadian series of \"Now That's What I Call Music\". The music video for \"In a World Called Catastrophe\" was directed by Kyle Davison and premiered in early",
"psg_id": "14870239"
},
{
"title": "Claims to the first powered flight",
"text": "for $50,000 and an additional $20,000 from the Smithsonian, to attempt development of a piloted version. The 1901 Drachenflieger of Wilhelm Kress did not even achieve a hop. A floatplane, it is notable as the first heavier-than-air craft to be powered by an internal combustion engine rather than steam. It demonstrated good control when taxiing, but was too underpowered to take off. Few of the claims to powered flight were widely accepted, or even made, at the time the events took place. Both the Wrights and Whitehead suffered in their early years from a lack of general recognition, while neither",
"psg_id": "18102468"
},
{
"title": "Claims to the first powered flight",
"text": "flown before the Wrights in 1903. J.Y. Watson later admitted that this was in an unpowered glider. Richard Pearse of New Zealand is credited by some in his country with making the first powered airplane flight on 31 March 1903. He did not claim the feat himself and gave ambiguous information about the chronology of his work. Biographer Geoffrey Rodliffe wrote, \"no responsible researcher has ever claimed that he achieved fully controlled flight before the Wright brothers, or indeed at any time\". Karl Jatho of Germany is generally credited with making powered airborne hops in Hanover between August and November",
"psg_id": "18102495"
},
{
"title": "United States Atomic Energy Commission",
"text": "United States Atomic Energy Commission The United States Atomic Energy Commission, commonly known as the AEC, was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by U.S. Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S. Truman signed the McMahon/Atomic Energy Act on August 1, 1946, transferring the control of atomic energy from military to civilian hands, effective on January 1, 1947. This shift gave the members of the AEC complete control of the plants, laboratories, equipment, and personnel assembled during the war to produce the atomic bomb. During",
"psg_id": "624333"
},
{
"title": "What Is This Thing Called Love?",
"text": "forms the basis of several jazz compositions (contrafact), such as \"Hot House\" by Tadd Dameron What Is This Thing Called Love? \"What Is This Thing Called Love?\" is a 1929 popular song written by Cole Porter, for the musical \"Wake Up and Dream\". It was first performed by Elsie Carlisle in March 1929. The song has become a popular jazz standard and one of Porter's most often played compositions. \"Wake Up and Dream\" ran for 263 shows in London. The show was also noticed in New York, and the critics praised Tilly Losch's performance of the song. The show was",
"psg_id": "4434718"
},
{
"title": "Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy",
"text": "Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy The United States Navy at one time had nuclear powered cruisers as part of its fleet. The first such ship was USS \"Long Beach\" (CGN-9). Commissioned in late summer 1961, she was the world's first nuclear powered surface combatant. She was followed a year later by USS \"Bainbridge\" (DLGN-25). While \"Long Beach\" was a 'true cruiser', meaning she was designed and built as a cruiser, \"Bainbridge\" began life as a frigate, though at that time the Navy was using the hull code \"DLGN\" for \"destroyer leader, guided missile, nuclear\". This was prior",
"psg_id": "19328707"
},
{
"title": "Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy",
"text": "Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy The United States Navy at one time had nuclear powered cruisers as part of its fleet. The first such ship was USS \"Long Beach\" (CGN-9). Commissioned in late summer 1961, she was the world's first nuclear powered surface combatant. She was followed a year later by USS \"Bainbridge\" (DLGN-25). While \"Long Beach\" was a 'true cruiser', meaning she was designed and built as a cruiser, \"Bainbridge\" began life as a frigate, though at that time the Navy was using the hull code \"DLGN\" for \"destroyer leader, guided missile, nuclear\". This was prior",
"psg_id": "19328703"
},
{
"title": "The Atomic Submarine",
"text": "mid-June to early July 1959. Stock footage of submarines and ship explosions were interspersed with other shots. Producer Alex Gordon wanted to hire veteran actors Frank Lackteen and Edmund Cobb to play passers-by. The studio objected to the $100 salary for each, contending that they were functioning as extras and were only entitled to $20. Wanting these old-timers to get a day's pay, Gordon paid them out of his own pocket. \"The Atomic Submarine\" was the last feature film for actors Victor Varconi and Jack Mulhall. Producer Gordon and interviewer Tom Weaver talk about the making of \"The Atomic Submarine\"",
"psg_id": "9026397"
},
{
"title": "Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory",
"text": "Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL) is an American research and development facility based in Niskayuna, New York and dedicated to the support of the US Naval Nuclear Propulsion Program. Developed after World War II in 1946 under a contract between General Electric and the United States government, in the 21st century KAPL is a government-owned, contractor-operated laboratory run by Fluor Marine Propulsion Corporation for the US Department of Energy. KAPL is responsible for the research, design, construction, operation, and maintenance of U.S. nuclear-powered warships. It also manages work on nuclear ships at numerous shipyards across the",
"psg_id": "7666050"
},
{
"title": "Lead ship",
"text": "in one of two ways; echoing the name of the lead ship, such as the s, whose lead ship was , or defining a theme by which vessels in the class are named, as in the Royal Navy's s, named after tribes of the world, such as . If a ship class is produced for another fleet, the first active unit will become the lead ship for that fleet; for example, the s are known as the in the Royal Australian Navy. Larger civilian craft, such as , the lead ship of the s, sometimes follow this convention as well.",
"psg_id": "3493107"
},
{
"title": "Claims to the first powered flight",
"text": "that have received significant attention include: In judging these claims, the generally accepted requirements are for sustained powered and controlled flight. In 1890 Ader had made a brief uncontrolled and unsustained \"hop\" in his Éole, but such a hop is not regarded as true flight. The ability to take off unaided is also sometimes regarded as necessary. The air historian Charles Gibbs-Smith has said that, \"The criteria of powered flight must remain to some extent a matter of opinion.\" Some notable powered hops were made before the problem of powered flight was finally solved. In 1874 Félix du Temple built",
"psg_id": "18102465"
},
{
"title": "Universal Atomic 4",
"text": "engine in 1976, which was popular with sailboat manufacturers, in particular Catalina. As Yanmar diesel engines continued to gain in popularity, the Universal Atomic Four gasoline engines continued to lose market share rapidly. By 1989 Yanmar had eclipsed Universal in the diesel auxiliary market with 45% market share to 42% for Universal. The Atomic 4 is descended from an earlier Universal Motor Company design called the Utility Four, which was used extensively in World War II by the United States Navy and allies to power lifeboats. The Utility Four was replaced by the Atomic 4 in 1947. Universal Atomic 4",
"psg_id": "11792975"
},
{
"title": "Sikorsky S-20",
"text": "Sikorsky S-20 The Sikorsky S-20 (named after its designer) or RBVZ S-XX (named after its manufacturer) was a Russian single-bay unequal span two-seat biplane designed by Igor Sikorsky in 1916. Displaying some Nieuport influence, it saw very little service during World War I. Five S-XX aircraft were built in September 1916, with the first two powered by the 100 hp Gnome rotary engine which had powered its predecessor, the RBVZ S-XVI. However, the other three were powered with the 120 hp Le Rhone engine, with which they were allegedly faster than the French Nieuport 17. The S-XX saw little service",
"psg_id": "12257142"
},
{
"title": "Reefer ship",
"text": "the New Zealand and Australian Land Company (NZALC), was refitted in 1881 with a Bell-Coleman compression refrigeration machine. This steam-powered freezer unit worked by compressing air, then releasing it into the hold of the ship. The expanding air got cooler as it expanded, cooling the cargo in the hold. Using three tons of coal a day, this steam powered machine could chill the hold to below the surrounding air temperature, freezing the cargo in the temperate climate of southern New Zealand, and then maintaining it below freezing () through the tropics. \"Dunedin\"s most visible sign of being an unusual ship",
"psg_id": "3504650"
},
{
"title": "World Human Powered Vehicle Association",
"text": "The WHPVA maintains speed and distance records for various times and distances for land, water and air vehicles. The best hour record is currently held by Francesco Russo of Switzerland with a total distance of . Since 2009, this recordbase has forked from the previously identical one of the IHPVA. World Human Powered Vehicle Association The World Human Powered Vehicle Association is dedicated to promoting the design and development of human-powered vehicles. Its main focus is coordinating between national HPV clubs with regard to competitions and records. The WHPVA also supports the Human Power eJournal, with a broader focus including",
"psg_id": "13180368"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Skull",
"text": "that he is a bigger fish in jail than he would ever be in the real world. Atomic Skull Atomic Skull is the name of two different DC Comics supervillains, both of whom are foes of Superman. The Albert Michaels version of Atomic Skull first appeared in \"Superman\" #323 and was created by Gerry Conway and Curt Swan. The Joseph Martin version of Atomic Skull first appeared in \"Adventures of Superman\" #483 and was created by Roger Stern and Bob McLeod. Albert Michaels was a brilliant but genuinely unfriendly scientist-administrator at S.T.A.R. Labs with a rare nervous system disorder that",
"psg_id": "6224253"
},
{
"title": "S&S - Sansei Technologies",
"text": "the 2012 and 2013 IAAPA Attractions Expos promoted the new company as S&S - Sansei Technologies. As of 2018, S&S - Sansei Technologies has built 39 roller coasters around the world. S&S - Sansei Technologies S&S - Sansei Technologies, formerly S&S Worldwide, is an American company known for its pneumatically powered amusement rides and roller coaster designing. S&S - Sansei Technologies was founded by Stan Checketts as S&S Sports, Inc. S&S Sports manufactured bungee jumping and trampoline equipment. S&S Sports was sold in 1996. In 1994, S&S began manufacturing air-powered amusement rides which is now the main stay of the",
"psg_id": "4495810"
},
{
"title": "What Was Said",
"text": "Award. What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to",
"psg_id": "19421270"
},
{
"title": "What Was Said",
"text": "What Was Said What Was Said (released January 29, 2016 on the ECM label) is an album by pianist Tord Gustavsen, vocalist Simin Tander and drummer Jarle Vespestad. The Allmusic review by Thom Jurek awarded \"What Was Said\" 4 stars and stated \"This band incorporates improvisational elements into the core of each composition, and the role of the singer is as a co-conspirator in the creation of the moment.\". They also selected it as one of their Favorite Jazz Albums of 2016. Writing in The Guardian, John Fordham called it \"returning to simple songs with religious roots, and to collaboration",
"psg_id": "19421268"
},
{
"title": "The World That Never Was",
"text": "\"full of bathos as well as bombs, of a naivety that fomented revolution but never controlled what happened next\" and also noted its relevance to 21st-century terrorism. Wendy Smith in the \"Los Angeles Times\" praised \"Butterworth's deeply knowledgeable, exceedingly well-written text\" for its awareness of anarchism's shortcomings, and \"The Washington Post\"'s John Smolens described \"The World That Never Was\" as a \"thorough, compelling examination\" capable of portraying \"anarchism as the product of an inexorable human impulse\" and questioning whether anarchist ideas may persist in the present. Mark Mazower of \"Bookforum\" commended the book for showing the significance of the period",
"psg_id": "18134444"
},
{
"title": "Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb",
"text": "Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb is the debut graphic novel written and illustrated by Jonathan Fetter-Vorm. It provides an account of the Manhattan Project and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as mentioning the chain of events after. The title arises from the code-name, Trinity, given to the test site for the first nuclear weapon. The book is written as a \"work of history\", although Fetter-Vorm writes at the end of the book \"for the most part, the dialog from the principal characters in",
"psg_id": "17917017"
},
{
"title": "The World Was His Jury",
"text": "The World Was His Jury The World Was His Jury is a 1958 American drama film released by Columbia Pictures starring Edmond O'Brien and Mona Freeman. A cruise ship's captain dies and Jerry Barrett is promoted to replace him. On the way to New York City, the vessel catches fire. Barrett is knocked unconscious by falling debris, first officer Martin Ranker tries to save the ship but 162 passengers die. Barrett is prosecuted for criminal negligence. Attorney David Carson agrees to represent him, infuriating wife Robin, who resents Carson trying to free guilty clients and declares that she is leaving",
"psg_id": "19374527"
},
{
"title": "Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists",
"text": "what a full nuclear war might be like. ECAS was also very vocal in its opposition of the development of the first hydrogen bomb. ECAS was active for four years, until 1950 when it was gradually disbanded, although most of the members continued to campaign against nuclear war, and participated in the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs. Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists The Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS) was founded by Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd in 1946. Its aims were to warn the public of the dangers associated with the development of nuclear weapons, promote the",
"psg_id": "2377397"
},
{
"title": "Powered exoskeleton",
"text": "C. Kelley developed what he called a pedomotor, which operated on steam power with artificial ligaments acting in parallel to the wearer's movements. With the pedomotor, energy could be generated apart from the user. The first true exoskeleton in the sense of being a mobile machine integrated with human movements was co-developed by General Electric and the United States Armed Forces in the 1960s. The suit was named Hardiman, and made lifting 110 kilograms (250 lb) feel like lifting 4.5 kilograms (10 lb). Powered by hydraulics and electricity, the suit allowed the wearer to amplify their strength by a factor",
"psg_id": "15362753"
},
{
"title": "Nuclear powered cruisers of the United States Navy",
"text": "Orbit, in which they circumnavigated the globe, without refuelling. It was a remarkable achievement for its time, a naval group capable of sailing over in just 65 days, without replenishment. In the spring of 1967 came the Navy's third nuclear powered cruiser, (though initially labeled a frigate), USS \"Truxtun\" (DLGN-35), a heavily modified design based on the cruiser. \"Truxtun\" would be followed by the 2-ship , beginning with in February 1974 and in January 1975. The US Navy was the only fleet in the world with nuclear powered cruisers, until 1974 when the USSR would begin construction on their own",
"psg_id": "19328705"
},
{
"title": "Atomic: The Very Best of Blondie",
"text": "Atomic: The Very Best of Blondie Atomic: The Very Best of Blondie is a compilation album of recordings by the band Blondie released by EMI/Chrysalis Records in the UK and the rest of Europe in late 1998, at the time when the band reunited and shortly before the beginning of Blondie's successful comeback tour. \"Atomic: The Very Best of Blondie\" includes the band's best known songs from the 70's and 80's as well as two new remixes of the title track. The compilation reached #12 on the UK charts and was certified platinum. The compilation was reissued in June 1999",
"psg_id": "10813469"
},
{
"title": "The Making of the Atomic Bomb",
"text": "general authority on early nuclear weapons history, as well as the development of modern physics in general, during the first half of the 20th century. Nobel Laureate I. I. Rabi, one of the prime participants in the dawn of the atomic age, called it \"an epic worthy of Milton. No where else have I seen the whole story put down with such elegance and gusto and in such revealing detail and simple language which carries the reader through wonderful and profound scientific discoveries and their application.\" The Making of the Atomic Bomb The Making of the Atomic Bomb is a",
"psg_id": "8922505"
},
{
"title": "Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb",
"text": "calling the book \"exemplary\". One reviewer, however, writing for \"Publishers Weekly\", found the text confusing to follow and derided the marketing, along with book itself, because of \"flat illustrations, heavy use of captions, and stiff, static panels of talking heads\". Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb Trinity: A Graphic History of the First Atomic Bomb is the debut graphic novel written and illustrated by Jonathan Fetter-Vorm. It provides an account of the Manhattan Project and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, as well as mentioning the chain of events after. The title arises from the code-name,",
"psg_id": "17917025"
},
{
"title": "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World",
"text": "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World \"Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World\" (also known as \"Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World\") is a medley of the songs \"Over the Rainbow\" and \"What a Wonderful World\", by Israel Kamakawiwoʻole and released on his albums \"Ka ʻAnoʻi\" and \"Facing Future\". The song was originally recorded in a spur-of-the-moment demo session in 1988. Israel called the recording studio at 3am, and was given 15 minutes to arrive by recording engineer Milan Bertosa. Bertosa is quoted as saying ″And in walks the largest human being I had seen in my life. Israel",
"psg_id": "17041651"
},
{
"title": "Now What? World Tour",
"text": "Now What? World Tour The Now What? World Tour was a worldwide 2013–2015 concert tour by British hard rock band Deep Purple which began on February 21, 2013 in the United Arab Emirates. It started in anticipation of their studio album \"Now What?!\", finally released on 26 April 2013. During the tour, the band performed seven songs from \"NOW What?!\": \"Hell to Pay\", \"Bodyline\", \"Above and Beyond\", \"Uncommon Man\", \"Après Vous\", \"All the Time in the World\" and \"Vincent Price\". A new instrumental by Steve Morse and a new song called \"Hip Boots\" were played on a few gigs late",
"psg_id": "17063158"
},
{
"title": "International Atomic Time",
"text": "another version of TAI; it is instead considered to be creating a better realisation of Terrestrial Time (TT). Early atomic time scales consisted of quartz clocks with frequencies calibrated by a single atomic clock; the atomic clocks were not operated continuously. Atomic timekeeping services started experimentally in 1955, using the first caesium atomic clock at the National Physical Laboratory, UK (NPL). It was used as a basis for calibrating the quartz clocks at the Royal Greenwich Observatory and to establish a time scale, called Greenwich Atomic (GA). The United States Naval Observatory began the A.1 scale on 13 September 1956,",
"psg_id": "15599"
},
{
"title": "The Atomic Cafe",
"text": "significance of \"The Atomic Cafe\" as a window into the past of government propaganda and disinformation during the years following the advent of the Atomic Bomb. \"Propaganda, also known as disinformation, public diplomacy, and strategic communication, continues to be an important tool for governments. But stand-alone documentary is no longer an important part of public relations campaigns aimed at the general public.\" \"The Atomic Cafe\" was produced over a five-year period through the collaborative efforts of three directors: Jayne Loader and brothers Kevin and Pierce Rafferty. For this film, the Rafferty brothers and Loader formed a production company called The",
"psg_id": "1457396"
},
{
"title": "USS Bainbridge (CGN-25)",
"text": "USS Bainbridge (CGN-25) USS \"Bainbridge\" (DLGN-25/CGN-25) was a nuclear-powered guided missile cruiser in the United States Navy, the only ship of her class. Named in honor of Commodore William Bainbridge, she was the fourth US Navy ship to bear the name. With her original hull classification symbol of DLGN (nuclear-powered guided missile destroyer leader, called a \"frigate\" at the time), she was the first nuclear-powered destroyer-type ship in the US Navy, and shared her name with the lead ship of the first US Navy destroyer class, the s. \"Bainbridge\" was re-designated as a guided missile cruiser in 1975. She was",
"psg_id": "2820569"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Robo",
"text": "fills in the time gap. Atomic Robo and the Temple of Od Atomic Robo battles against clandestine Japanese military forces attempting to weaponize an earth-shattering and seemingly supernatural energy. This storyline is set pre-World War II, in between the first and second Atomic Robo stories. Atomic Robo and the Specter of Tomorrow Atomic Robo must solve the mystery of a global terrorism campaign that is turning human beings into secret cyborgs, all while managing the newest crisis at the Tesladyne Institute - noise complaints from the neighbors. Atomic Robo is a robot possessing \"automatic intelligence\", created by Nikola Tesla in",
"psg_id": "10666668"
},
{
"title": "Claims to the first powered flight",
"text": "officially observed and verified by the Aéro-Club (later renamed the Aéro-Club de France). This won Santos-Dumont the Deutsch-Archdeacon Prize for the first officially-observed flight of more than 25 meters. This flight is also recognised as the first powered flight in Europe. Then on 12 November a flight of 22.2 seconds carried the 14-bis some 220 m (722 ft), earning the Aéro-Club prize of 1,500 francs for the first flight of more than 100 m. This flight was also observed by the newly formed Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) and became the first record in their log book. The lateral control system",
"psg_id": "18102492"
},
{
"title": "Powered hang glider",
"text": "ultralights (microlights) but very few were foot-launchable. In 1979, a powered backpack called the Motolotnia - White Eagle, designed by Jerzy Kolecki, became available for sale. It consisted of a 90 cc McCulloch chainsaw engine with a direct drive 61 cm (24\") wooden prop, producing a quoted 77 lbf (340 N) of thrust; the rate of climb was about 150 ft/min (0.76 m/s) and flight duration was limited by the small fuel tank and engine overheating after several minutes. Other powered harnesses to reach the market in the 1980s were The Ranger and the Relax 220. By 2008, there were",
"psg_id": "8585791"
},
{
"title": "Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists",
"text": "Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists The Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS) was founded by Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd in 1946. Its aims were to warn the public of the dangers associated with the development of nuclear weapons, promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and ultimately work towards world peace, which was seen as the only way that nuclear weapons would not be used again. The Committee was established in the wake of the \"Szilárd petition\" (July 1945) to United States president Harry S. Truman opposing the use of the atomic bomb on moral grounds, which was signed",
"psg_id": "2377395"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Tom",
"text": "Atomic Tom Atomic Tom is an alternative rock band originally from Brooklyn, New York, now living in Los Angeles, California, consisting of Luke White (lead vocals), Eric Espiritu (guitar, background vocals), Ethan Mentzer (bass, background vocals), and Tobias Smith (drums, background vocals). The band have released two albums, two EPs and a number of singles. In 2005 the original band released its debut EP called “Anthems for the Disillusioned,” which contained five songs. In 2007 they released the single, “You Always Get What You Want” b/w “Play That Dirty Girl.” In January 2010 the band signed to Universal Republic Records.",
"psg_id": "14997745"
},
{
"title": "The Elfin Ship",
"text": "in the Moon\", they are taken by elfin airship to the Moon, and discover a treasure. There is no confrontation with Selznak. Blaylock intended \"The Man in the Moon\" to have a sequel, as the story reads, \"What happened in the following months to the people of the high valley and to the elves and dwarves and link men is another tale and deserves, I think, a story of its own.\" The Elfin Ship The Elfin Ship (1982) was James Blaylock’s first published book. It is the first of three fantasies by Blaylock about a world peopled by elves, dwarves,",
"psg_id": "12000470"
},
{
"title": "Miss Atomic Bomb",
"text": "and official video was released over one month later, on December 11. The video was directed by Warren Fu, who had directed \"Battle Born\"'s first single, \"Runaways\". Part live action and part animation, \"Miss Atomic Bomb\" has been dubbed \"the epic companion to Mr. Brightside\", and the video continues the love triangle depicted in the 2004 hit \"Mr. Brightside\" music video. \"Miss Atomic Bomb\" sees actress Izabella Miko and actor Eric Roberts reprise their roles from the \"Mr. Brightside\" video. As \"Miss Atomic Bomb\" is considered to be a companion to \"Mr. Brightside\", the premise of the music video is",
"psg_id": "16834208"
},
{
"title": "What Was Lost",
"text": "for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was",
"psg_id": "11413541"
},
{
"title": "What Was Lost",
"text": "What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and",
"psg_id": "11413536"
},
{
"title": "Nuclear-powered icebreaker",
"text": "2013, Quark Expeditions was listing the \"50 Years of Victory\" in the company fleet and offering it for a North Pole cruise. Nuclear-powered icebreaker A nuclear-powered icebreaker is a nuclear-powered ship purpose-built for use in waters covered with ice. The only country constructing nuclear-powered icebreakers is Russia. Nuclear-powered icebreakers have been constructed by the USSR and later Russia primarily to aid shipping along the Northern Sea Route in the frozen Arctic waterways north of Siberia. Nuclear-powered icebreakers are much more powerful than their diesel-powered counterparts, and although nuclear propulsion is expensive to install and maintain, very heavy fuel demands and",
"psg_id": "2688209"
},
{
"title": "The Ship (novel)",
"text": "based on the Second Battle of Sirte. Forester had been invited to a mission aboard that vessel by the Admiralty earlier. Less than a year after the book was published, the \"Penelope\" was torpedoed by a German submarine and sank with more than half her crew. The Ship (novel) The Ship is a novel written by British author C. S. Forester set in the Mediterranean during World War II, and first published in May 1943. It follows the life of a Royal Navy light cruiser for a single action, including a detailed analysis of many of the men on board",
"psg_id": "7648383"
},
{
"title": "The What in the World? Quiz",
"text": "channel bug. Well done, lads!\" Originally there was meant to be six episode shown, but instead ten were made. Also, the original run was stopped on the 19 September 2008, with episodes four to ten broadcast in late 2009. The winners are indicated in bold. The What in the World? Quiz The What in the World? Quiz is a British comedy panel game first broadcast on 5 September 2008 on Five. The show is hosted by Marcus Brigstocke and guest stars Lee Hurst and Dominic Holland as the team captains. The show asks questions themed on science and technology. The",
"psg_id": "12432991"
},
{
"title": "Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki",
"text": "Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki The debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki concerns the ethical, legal, and military controversies surrounding the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 August and 9 August 1945 at the close of World War II (1939–45). The Soviet Union declared war on Japan an hour before 9 August and invaded Manchuria at one minute past midnight; Japan surrendered on 15 August. On 26 July 1945, United States President Harry S. Truman, United Kingdom Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Chairman of the Chinese Nationalist Government Chiang Kai-shek issued",
"psg_id": "10860314"
},
{
"title": "Sikorsky S-20",
"text": "because it was viewed as inferior to newer enemy aircraft, and no series production was undertaken. As such, only five aircraft were ever produced. Sikorsky S-20 The Sikorsky S-20 (named after its designer) or RBVZ S-XX (named after its manufacturer) was a Russian single-bay unequal span two-seat biplane designed by Igor Sikorsky in 1916. Displaying some Nieuport influence, it saw very little service during World War I. Five S-XX aircraft were built in September 1916, with the first two powered by the 100 hp Gnome rotary engine which had powered its predecessor, the RBVZ S-XVI. However, the other three were",
"psg_id": "12257143"
},
{
"title": "Atomic line filter",
"text": "Atomic line filter An atomic line filter (ALF) is an advanced optical band-pass filter used in the physical sciences for filtering electromagnetic radiation with precision, accuracy, and minimal signal strength loss. Atomic line filters work via the absorption or resonance lines of atomic vapors and so may also be designated an atomic resonance filter (ARF). The three major types of atomic line filters are absorption-re-emission ALFs, Faraday filters and Voigt filters. Absorption-re-emission filters were the first type developed, and so are commonly called simply \"atomic line filters\"; the other two types are usually referred to specifically as \"Faraday filters\" or",
"psg_id": "7676917"
},
{
"title": "Type C1 ship",
"text": "example is the USS Auriga (AK-98). The C1-S-AY1 subtype of thirteen ships built by Albina Engine & Machine Works, Portland, Oregon, was modified from the C1-B design for use as troopships by Great Britain under lend-lease called \"Loading Ship Infantry, Large\". These ships were all given two-word names beginning with \"Empire\", such as SS \"Empire Spearhead\". The was lost at the Normandy Invasion, to a mine. was sunk by a torpedo from a German U-boat on 28 December 1944. The diesel (M for Motor) powered C1-M Type ships were a separate design from the C1-A and C1-B, meant for shorter",
"psg_id": "6900708"
},
{
"title": "Zarya (polar ship)",
"text": "Belkovsky Island and Kotelny Island were named Zarya to commemorate this Russian polar ship. Zarya (polar ship) Zarya (, \"Sunrise\") was a steam- and sail-powered brig used by the Russian Academy of Sciences for a polar exploration during 1900–1903. Toward the end of the 19th century, the Russian Academy of Sciences sought to build a general-purpose research vessel for long-term expeditions. The first such Russian ship—and, for a couple of decades, the only one—was \"Zarya\". In 1899, Baron Eduard Toll, an Arctic explorer preparing to embark on a new polar voyage, bought a Norwegian three-masted barque called \"Harald Harfager\" (the",
"psg_id": "10416369"
},
{
"title": "Decommissioning of Russian nuclear-powered vessels",
"text": "Decommissioning of Russian nuclear-powered vessels The decommissioning of Russian nuclear-powered vessels is an issue of major concern to the United States and to the Scandinavian countries near Russia. From 1950 to 2003, the Soviet Union and its major successor state, Russia, constructed the largest nuclear-powered navy in the world, more ships than all other navies combined: 248 submarines (91 attack submarines, 62 cruise missile submarines, 91 ballistic missile submarines and four research submarines), four Kirov class battlecruisers, and a missile test ship, as well as nine icebreakers. Many were or are powered by two reactors each, bringing the total to",
"psg_id": "16131919"
},
{
"title": "Survival Under Atomic Attack",
"text": "Survival Under Atomic Attack Survival Under Atomic Attack was the title of an official United States government booklet released by the Executive Office of the President, the National Security Resources Board (document 130), and the Civil Defense Office. Released at the onset of the Cold War era, the pamphlet was in line with rising fears that the Soviet Union would launch a nuclear attack against the United States, and outlined what to do in the event of an atomic attack. Published in 1950 by the Government Printing Office, one year after the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic bomb, the",
"psg_id": "8115059"
},
{
"title": "What Was Missing",
"text": "\"subtext\". \"The A.V. Club\" named the episode one of the ten additional installments of the series that illustrates that \"emotional complexity\" lies \"beneath \"Adventure Time\"s weirdness\". \"What Was Missing\" became controversial because of an allegedly implied past relationship between Marceline and Princess Bubblegum. The controversy largely began after an accompanying \"Mathematical\" recap—a behind the scenes video series produced by Frederator Studios that implied that there were lesbian relations between Princess Bubblegum and Marceline and that the writing staff actively seeks input from fans. This incident was addressed by Fred Seibert, the show's executive producer, who said that \"in trying to",
"psg_id": "16566923"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Bomberman",
"text": "Atomic Bomberman Atomic Bomberman is a game by Interplay Productions for the PC that was released in 1997. It was the first original \"Bomberman\" game to be developed for Windows, and the second game of the series made for the PC, following 1992's \"Bomberman\". The game is relatively unusual in the \"Bomberman\" series, as it was officially licensed from Hudson Soft and developed by an American team. Most titles in the series were developed in Japan. It has a different look and feel compared to other \"Bomberman\" titles as a result (despite basic gameplay being unchanged), using pre-rendered 3D characters",
"psg_id": "7890107"
},
{
"title": "Atomic Robo",
"text": "allowing the expiration of their publishing contract with Red 5, all existing and upcoming issues of \"Atomic Robo\" will be published online as free webcomics. Clevinger reiterated this on his website on January 21, 2015. On June 19, 2015, Clevinger and Wegener announced on atomic-robo.com that IDW Publishing will handle the physical printing of all Atomic Robo comics. The comics are still available free on the website with half a page being uploaded daily before IDW's physical release. IDW will also release multi-volume softcover collections, the first of which is called \"Everything Explodes Collection\". This consists of the first three",
"psg_id": "10666659"
},
{
"title": "What Happened Was",
"text": "What Happened Was What Happened Was... is a 1994 American independent film written for the screen, directed by and starring Tom Noonan. It is an adaptation of Noonan's original stage play of the same name. It depicts two people, played by Karen Sillas and Tom Noonan, on a first date; their conversation gradually reveals their lonely lives and hidden personalities. \"What Happened Was...\" has an overall approval rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes. On the \"Siskel & Ebert\" show, Gene Siskel gave the film a thumbs up, stating that \"For what is really just one long night of conversation, the",
"psg_id": "10650487"
},
{
"title": "What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World",
"text": "What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World is the seventh studio album from The Decemberists, released on January 20, 2015. The album's title comes from a line in the song \"12/17/12\", a reference to the date of Barack Obama's speech in response to the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting and lead singer Colin Meloy's conflicting feelings about the shooting and his happy personal life. \"What a Terrible World, What a Beautiful World\" received mostly positive reviews. It currently has a metascore of 77 and user score of 8.1 from Metacritic. \"The",
"psg_id": "18355622"
},
{
"title": "United States Atomic Energy Commission",
"text": "National Lab), AEC-HASL (Health and Safety Laboratory), AEC-HW (Hanford Works), AEC-IDO (Idaho Operations Office), AEC-LA (Los Alamos), AEC-MDCC (Manhattan District), AEC-TID, and others. Today, these reports can be found in library collections that received government documents, through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS), and through public domain digitization projects such as HathiTrust. United States Atomic Energy Commission The United States Atomic Energy Commission, commonly known as the AEC, was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by U.S. Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology. President Harry S. Truman",
"psg_id": "624363"
},
{
"title": "Master of the World (comics)",
"text": "Master of the World (comics) Master of the World (real name Eshu) is a fictional character, a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He is one of the most recurring villains of Alpha Flight. Master of the World first appeared in \"Alpha Flight\" #2 and was created by John Byrne. Forty thousand years ago, a caveman warrior named Eshu was cast out of his tribe in what is now northern Asia after he killed another caveman against his tribe's laws. He wanders the Earth and is soon psionically called to the beacon of an alien ship.",
"psg_id": "8030024"
},
{
"title": "What Is the Fastest Thing in the World?",
"text": "of which was good and some bad. The king set riddles to them: whoever guessed the riddles would get good land. The first riddle was what was the fastest thing in the world. The stupid brother's daughter told him what to say; his brother guessed a bird or a horse, and the stupid brother said the mind. The second riddle was what was the heaviest thing in the world; the clever brother guessed stone or iron, and the stupid brother repeated his daughter's answer: fire because no one could lift it. The third was what was the most important thing",
"psg_id": "9686492"
}
] | [
"n. lenin",
"vladimir lennon",
"vladimir lenin",
"vladimir lenin",
"vi lenin",
"v i lenin",
"vladimir lennon",
"vladimir il'ich lenin",
"lenin, v. i.",
"vladimir ilych ulyanov",
"comrade lenin",
"nikolay lenin",
"vladimir ilyich ulianov",
"vladimir ilyich ulyanov lenin",
"lennin",
"lenin, v.i.",
"владимир ленин",
"v.i. ulyanov",
"vladimir ilyich",
"vladimir ulyanov",
"владимир ильич ленин",
"v. lenin",
"nicolai lenin",
"vladimir i. lenin",
"v.i. lenin",
"влади́мир ильи́ч ле́нин",
"vladimir ilyich lenin",
"ленина",
"v. i. lenin",
"ленин",
"влади́мир ильи́ч улья́нов",
"vladmir lenin",
"vladimir ilich lenin",
"lenin",
"vladimir ilich ulyanov",
"vladimir illich lenin",
"vladimir ilyich ulyanov",
"v. i. ulyanov",
"nikolai lenin",
"ле́нин"
] |
which soap boasted a cafe called the hot biscuit? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Plasmon biscuit",
"text": "a hot lunch. I was cook: – Bovril, chocolate and plasmon biscuit, two spoonfuls of jam each. Grand!\". A variety of plasmon biscuit, said to be like digestives, was also made by Jacob's in 1915. Victor Whitechurch's fictional vegetarian detective Thorpe Hazell ate them daily. The journal of actress Ellen Terry records that George Bernard Shaw \"generally dined off a plasmon biscuit and a bean!\". George Strachey Fawle (1856–1936), a director of the company, said he attributed his recovery from serious illness to plasmon. Plasmon itself was a powder, milk albumen, which could be mixed into various other foods to",
"psg_id": "12601930"
},
{
"title": "Nice biscuit",
"text": "Nice biscuit A Nice biscuit (pronounced () is a coconut-flavoured biscuit. It is thin, rectangular in shape, with rounded bumps on the edges, and lightly covered with a scattering of large sugar crystals, often with the word \"NICE\" imprinted on top in sans-serif capital letters. It is often served as an accompaniment to hot drinks, such as tea. The name probably derives from the city of Nice in the south of France. 1929 editions of the \"Hull Daily Mail\" carried an advertisement for Huntley & Palmers Nice Biscuits using the phrase \"Delightful as the town after which they are named\",",
"psg_id": "5310369"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit (pottery)",
"text": "higher temperatures are common. The firing of the ware that results in the biscuit article causes permanent chemical and physical changes to occur. These result in a much harder and more resilient article which can still be porous, and this can ease the application of glazes. The first firing is called the biscuit firing (or \"bisque firing\"), and the second the glaze or glost firing. Biscuit (pottery) Biscuit (also known as bisque) refers to pottery that has been fired but not yet glazed. Biscuit is any pottery that has been fired in a kiln without a ceramic glaze. This can",
"psg_id": "18327385"
},
{
"title": "Nice biscuit",
"text": "(introduced in 1910) as the Netherlands' \"most beloved cookie\", and in 2010 celebrated the company's 125th anniversary with the release of a new cinnamon variant. Nice biscuit A Nice biscuit (pronounced () is a coconut-flavoured biscuit. It is thin, rectangular in shape, with rounded bumps on the edges, and lightly covered with a scattering of large sugar crystals, often with the word \"NICE\" imprinted on top in sans-serif capital letters. It is often served as an accompaniment to hot drinks, such as tea. The name probably derives from the city of Nice in the south of France. 1929 editions of",
"psg_id": "5310371"
},
{
"title": "King Biscuit Boy",
"text": "King Biscuit Boy Richard Alfred Newell (March 9, 1944 – January 5, 2003), better known by his stage name, King Biscuit Boy, was a Canadian blues musician. He was the first Canadian blues artist to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the U.S. Newell played guitar and sang, but he was most noted for his harmonica playing. Newell's stage name, given to him by Ronnie Hawkins, was taken from the \"King Biscuit Time\", an early American blues broadcast. King Biscuit Boy played with Muddy Waters, Joe Cocker, Janis Joplin, Allen Toussaint and The Meters. Newell was born in Hamilton,",
"psg_id": "9112545"
},
{
"title": "Swan Soap",
"text": "Swan Soap Swan was a brand of soap introduced by the Lever Brothers Company in 1941 to compete with Ivory. Swan was advertised as a soap that could be used in the kitchen as a hand soap or in the bathroom to bathe the baby. Swan, like Ivory, was a floating soap, but Lever had developed and patented a new manufacturing method that both streamlined the process and resulted in a finer product more like milled soap. A typical advertisement boasted that Swan was \"the white floating soap that's purer than the finest castiles\". Lever and Procter & Gamble became",
"psg_id": "6889801"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit joiner",
"text": "Biscuit joiner A biscuit joiner (or sometimes plate joiner) is a woodworking tool used to join two pieces of wood together. A biscuit joiner uses a small circular saw blade to cut a crescent-shaped hole (called the mouth) in the opposite edges of two pieces of wood or wood composite panels. An oval-shaped, highly dried and compressed wooden biscuit (beech or particle wood) is covered with glue, or glue is applied in the slot. The biscuit is immediately placed in the slot, and the two boards are clamped together. The wet glue expands the biscuit, further improving the bond. The",
"psg_id": "4099484"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit (pottery)",
"text": "Biscuit (pottery) Biscuit (also known as bisque) refers to pottery that has been fired but not yet glazed. Biscuit is any pottery that has been fired in a kiln without a ceramic glaze. This can be a final product such as biscuit porcelain, or unglazed earthenware, often called terracotta, or, most commonly, an intermediary stage in a glazed final product. The porous nature of biscuit earthenware means that it readily absorbs water, while vitreous wares such as porcelain, bone china and most stoneware are non-porous even without glazing. The temperature of biscuit firing is today usually at least 1000°C, although",
"psg_id": "18327384"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit joiner",
"text": "fit a 7/8 inch or 22 mm arbor. The thickness of the blade is typically 0.156 to 0.160 inch or nominally 4 mm. Biscuit joiner A biscuit joiner (or sometimes plate joiner) is a woodworking tool used to join two pieces of wood together. A biscuit joiner uses a small circular saw blade to cut a crescent-shaped hole (called the mouth) in the opposite edges of two pieces of wood or wood composite panels. An oval-shaped, highly dried and compressed wooden biscuit (beech or particle wood) is covered with glue, or glue is applied in the slot. The biscuit is",
"psg_id": "4099492"
},
{
"title": "Water biscuit",
"text": "served with a spread, including a spicy pepper-and-herring paste called Solomon Gundy. Water biscuit A water biscuit or water cracker is a type of biscuit or cracker. Water biscuits are baked using only flour and water, without shortening or other fats usually used in biscuit production. They are thin, hard and brittle, and usually served with cheese or wine. Originally produced in the 19th century as a version of the ship's biscuit, water biscuits continue to be popular in Ireland and the United Kingdom, with the leading brands (Carr's and Jacob's) selling over seventy million packets a year. Carr's water",
"psg_id": "6435087"
},
{
"title": "A Little Bit of Soap",
"text": "A Little Bit of Soap \"A Little Bit of Soap\", written by Bert Berns (aka Bert Russell), was a song, first sung in a bluesy soul style by the Jarmels, who reached number 12 with it in September 1961 and number 7 on the R&B charts. The song has been covered many times since. Garnet Mimms' 1965 version charted at 95 on the Billboard Hot 100. The Exciters' version charted at number 58 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in February 1966. Paul Davis's rendition reached number 52 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the summer of 1970, while Nigel Olsson's",
"psg_id": "5505467"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit roll",
"text": "In Hong Kong, biscuit rolls are made of wheat flour, butter, egg, sugar, and vanilla flavour. The New Territories is one of the places that manufacturers biscuit rolls. It is called barquillos in the Philippines and is commonly sold in souvenir shops or delicacy stores all over towns, cities, and highways along the provinces. They are also found in Uruguay and Spain with the name barquillos, the name for the barquillo vendor is \"barquillero\", in Madrid they are commonly sold by street vendors dressed in the traditional \"chulapo\" regional attire. Biscuit roll The biscuit roll, crispy biscuit roll, egg roll,",
"psg_id": "19031704"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit",
"text": "Biscuit Biscuit is a term used for a variety of primarily flour-based baked food products. The term is applied to two distinct products. This article covers the type of biscuit found in the Commonwealth of Nations and Europe, which is typically hard, flat and unleavened. In North America, a biscuit is typically a soft, leavened quick bread, and is covered in the article Biscuit (bread). The modern-day difference in the English language regarding the word \"biscuit\" is provided by British cookery writer Elizabeth David in \"English Bread and Yeast Cookery\", in the chapter \"Yeast Buns and Small Tea Cakes\" and",
"psg_id": "2102356"
},
{
"title": "Lambert's Cafe",
"text": "Lambert's Cafe Lambert's Cafe is a US restaurant chain with locations in Foley, Alabama; Sikeston, Missouri; and Ozark, Missouri. It was founded in 1942. It is known for throwing hot rolls at the customers. It features Southern or country cooking (fried chicken, catfish, etc.); a variety of side dishes, called \"pass arounds\", are brought to the table to accompany each meal. The restaurants have been cited as a prime example of \"road food\", and diners often arrive via tour bus. The cafe was started in Sikeston in 1942 by Earl Lambert, assisted by his wife Agnes, his brother Robert, and",
"psg_id": "3400233"
},
{
"title": "Loveless Cafe",
"text": "Examples of recognition for the Loveless Cafe by national publications include: -USA Today: The newspaper suggested that the \"miraculously flaky and feathery biscuits\" from Loveless Cafe, were \"Nashville's second-most-important contribution to American culture.\" -People Magazine: The magazine declared the Loveless Country Ham \"the best in America.\" -Bon Appetit: Jefferson Morgan wrote that \"On a scale of 1 to 10, my breakfast came in at about a 14.\" -Southern Living: Told readers that the, \"biscuits and gravy are good enough to sing about.\" Carol Fay Ellison, locally known as \"the biscuit lady,\" demonstrated Southern cooking on several television programs such as",
"psg_id": "8031210"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit (bread)",
"text": "biscuits can even be cooked over a campfire on a stick. A sweet biscuit layered or topped with fruit (typically strawberries), juice-based syrup, and cream is called shortcake. A type of biscuit called an \"angel biscuit\" contains yeast as well, as do those made with a sourdough starter. While there are many different ways to prepare and top biscuits, the ingredients from recipe to recipe are generally the same. Most recipes will call for all-purpose flour, baking powder, salt, either milk or buttermilk, and either butter or shortening (about half will also call for a small amount of sugar as",
"psg_id": "14191848"
},
{
"title": "Tony Packo's Cafe",
"text": "the Maumee River, which includes the former Consaul Tavern. Tony's signature \"sausage-and-sauce sandwich\" on rye was first made when he decided to add a spicy chili sauce to his sandwiches for more flavor. Eventually, his creation became known as the \"Hungarian hot dog\", even though no such thing had come from the Old Country. The dish quickly became popular and the cafe is now billed as \"the place where man bites dog\". The \"hot dog\" is really a Hungarian sausage called kolbász, not unlike the Polish kielbasa, about twice the diameter of a conventional hot dog, and slicing the sausage",
"psg_id": "5151805"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit",
"text": "usually have a dedicated section in most European supermarkets, often in the same aisle as sweet biscuits. The exception to savoury biscuits is the sweetmeal digestive known as the \"Hovis biscuit\", which, although slightly sweet, is still classified as a cheese biscuit. Savoury biscuits sold in supermarkets are sometimes associated with a certain geographical area, such as Scottish oatcakes or Cornish wafer biscuits. In general, the British, Australians, South Africans, New Zealanders, Indians, Pakistanis, Sri Lankans, Singaporeans, Nigerians, Kenyans, and the Irish use the British meaning of \"biscuit\" for the sweet biscuit, the terms biscuit and cookie are used interchangeably,",
"psg_id": "2102371"
},
{
"title": "Empire biscuit",
"text": "filled with jam, topped with pink or white icing, and the distinct addition of raspberry jelly crystals scattered on top instead of the cherry. These are quite different to the Empire biscuits pictures, which bear more similarity to a NZ 'Shrewsbury'. Other foods renamed for political reasons include: Empire biscuit An Empire biscuit (Imperial biscuit, Double biscuit, German biscuit, Belgian biscuit, Double Shortbread, Empire Cookie or biscuit bun) is a sweet biscuit popular in the United Kingdom, particularly Scotland, and other Commonwealth countries. It is typically considered a traditional Scottish snack, but is also popular in Northern Ireland, and are",
"psg_id": "4598859"
},
{
"title": "Garibaldi biscuit",
"text": "company Peek Freans in 1861 following the recruitment of Jonathan Carr, one of the great biscuit makers of Carlisle. In the United States, the Sunshine Biscuit Company for many years made a popular version of the Garibaldi with raisins which it called \"Golden Fruit\". Sunshine was bought out by the Keebler Company which briefly expanded the line to include versions filled with other fruits. The entire Golden Fruit product line was discontinued when the Keebler company became a division of Kellogg's in 2001. Varieties covered with plain or milk chocolate have also been marketed in the past, but appear not",
"psg_id": "4742091"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit (song)",
"text": "Biscuit (song) \"Biscuit\" is a song performed by American recording artist Ivy Levan. It was written by Levan alongside Lucas Banker, William Pounds and Patrick Nissley, for her debut studio album, \"No Good\". The song was released as the album's lead single on January 13, 2015 through Interscope Records. A music video for the song was released later the same day. Musically, \"Biscuit\" is a pop song in which Levan sings about kissing her \"biscuit\", which is a euphemism for her buttocks, derived from the Southern expression \"butter my butt and call me a biscuit\". Idolator praised the song, calling",
"psg_id": "18617968"
},
{
"title": "Chocolate biscuit",
"text": "Chocolate biscuit A chocolate biscuit is a biscuit which is covered in chocolate, or which has been made by replacing some of the flour with cocoa powder. Chocolate biscuits are quite popular in places all over the world. The composition and recipe may vary considerably and there is often legislation to specify how the biscuit may be described. In the UK, a biscuit made without an external coating may only be described as \"chocolate\" if it contains at least 3% of dry cocoa solids. If there is a coating, this must contain cocoa butter as the fat to be described",
"psg_id": "10573201"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit porcelain",
"text": "by giving them a temporary coating of wax or something similar to keep the glaze off; this is a fairly common feature of Longquan celadon (which is porcelain in Chinese terms), and also found in Ming dragons. Some Chinese pieces are described as \"porcelain with polychrome enamels on the biscuit\" - that is, using the normal \"overglaze\" technique on biscuit, but with no actual glaze, often a revivalist style evoking earlier sancai wares (which were not in porcelain). The laborious and mostly 19th-century pâte-sur-pâte technique often uses biscuit for at least one of the colours. Biscuit porcelain Biscuit porcelain, bisque",
"psg_id": "5517395"
},
{
"title": "Cafe Frankenstein",
"text": "Cafe Frankenstein The Café Frankenstein was a coffee house in Laguna Beach, California, United States. From 1958-62, the Café Frankenstein was seen as sort of a \"den of iniquity\" amongst the semi-conservative Orange County, California art community of Laguna Beach. Located at 860 South Pacific Coast Highway, Cafe Frankenstein boasted a steady diet of beats, surfers, folkies, teens and all manner of weirdos, and was suspected of harboring drugs and other debauchery. For two years straight, a pair of undercover cops were regulars at the Frankenstein, looking for a bust. But according to the last owner, Michael Schley, they instead",
"psg_id": "8650274"
},
{
"title": "Marie biscuit",
"text": "Marie biscuit A Marie biscuit is a type of biscuit similar to a rich tea biscuit. While the rich tea is the most popular version of this type of biscuit in the United Kingdom and the Isle of Man, it is the Marie version that is most popular around the world. It is also known as Maria, Mariebon, and Marietta, amongst other names. The biscuit is round and usually has the name embossed upon its top surface, the edges of which are also embossed with an intricate design. It is made with wheat flour, sugar, palm oil or sunflower seed",
"psg_id": "11152089"
},
{
"title": "Ace Cafe",
"text": "in the UK on at least one TV channel – National Geographic. The episode depicted the secret restoration of a decaying Ford Zodiac Mk1, which was then unveiled and presented to the unsuspecting owner in the car park, close to the building entrance. Motoring TV presenters Edd China and Mike Brewer filmed at Ace Cafe on a \"Hot Rod\" night in early 2014 during a sequence to sell a Chevrolet Camaro, part of Wheeler Dealers series 11. The Ace Cafe won London Borough of Brent's \"Best Bar None\" award for local bars in 2009. Ace Cafe The Ace Cafe is",
"psg_id": "6565451"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit porcelain",
"text": "Biscuit porcelain Biscuit porcelain, bisque porcelain or bisque is unglazed, white porcelain treated as a final product, with a matte appearance and texture to the touch. It has been widely used in European pottery, mainly for sculptural and decorative objects that are not tableware and so do not need a glaze for protection. The term \"biscuit\" refers to any type of fired but unglazed pottery in the course of manufacture, but only in porcelain is it a term for a final product (unglazed earthenware as a final product often being called terracotta). Many types of pottery, including most porcelain have",
"psg_id": "5517389"
},
{
"title": "Plazma biscuit",
"text": "Plazma biscuit Plazma biscuit is a confectionery product brand line of Serbian food company Bambi. It is a form of biscuit, usually baked, flour-based food products, that is specially processed by grinding. Plazma biscuits are usually combined with milk or very thin pancakes, called crepes. It is a common form of sweet, particularly well known in countries of former Yugoslavia and in Serbia, and it is often exported to other countries, or sold by some web selling service, like Amazon. It may also usually used by confectioners as a supplement for their meals. It can be also used as an",
"psg_id": "17816130"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit porcelain",
"text": "porcelain in low relief. These were applied as sprigs, meaning that they made separately as thin pieces, and stuck to the main blue body before firing. The plaques are framed like paintings; they were made between 1790 and 1795. The figure by the same factory illustrated here uses elements modelled in a coloured paste, and is all biscuit. Biscuit porcelain could also be painted with unfired paint rather than the enamels normal overglaze decoration uses, the lack of a shiny surface giving a strikingly different effect in the best examples. This rare technique is called \"coloured biscuit\", and is found",
"psg_id": "5517393"
},
{
"title": "Plazma biscuit",
"text": "ingredient of many sweets, like i.e. ice cream cake. It can be eaten daily. Well known brand of ground biscuits is Bambi's Lane Plazma Biscuits, that doesn't contain trans fat. Plazma biscuit Plazma biscuit is a confectionery product brand line of Serbian food company Bambi. It is a form of biscuit, usually baked, flour-based food products, that is specially processed by grinding. Plazma biscuits are usually combined with milk or very thin pancakes, called crepes. It is a common form of sweet, particularly well known in countries of former Yugoslavia and in Serbia, and it is often exported to other",
"psg_id": "17816131"
},
{
"title": "King Biscuit Boy",
"text": "\"The Friends of Richard Newell\" have held one every year since, with the money raised going to a music scholarship fund at Mohawk College of Applied Arts and Technology in Hamilton, Ontario. King Biscuit Boy Richard Alfred Newell (March 9, 1944 – January 5, 2003), better known by his stage name, King Biscuit Boy, was a Canadian blues musician. He was the first Canadian blues artist to chart on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 in the U.S. Newell played guitar and sang, but he was most noted for his harmonica playing. Newell's stage name, given to him by Ronnie Hawkins, was",
"psg_id": "9112551"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit porcelain",
"text": "a glaze applied at the biscuit stage, and a further firing. In stoneware, equivalent unglazed wares (such as jasperware) are often called \"dry-bodied\". Small figurines and other decorative pieces have often been made in biscuit, as well as larger portrait busts and other sculptures; the appearance of biscuit is very similar to that of carved and smoothed marble, the traditional prestige material for sculpture in the West. It is hardly used in Chinese porcelain or that of other East Asian countries, but in Europe became very popular for figures in the second half of the 18th century, as Neoclassicism dominated",
"psg_id": "5517390"
},
{
"title": "A Soap",
"text": "film won critical praise at film festivals and earned Christensen both a Jury Grand Prix Silver Bear and the Best First Feature Film Award at the 2006 Berlin Film Festival. \"A Soap\" received the Bodil Award for the 2007 Danish Film of the Year. Dyrholm's leading role earned her a third Bodil Award for Best Actress. A Soap En Soap (A Soap or Soap) is a 2006 Danish melodramatic comedy film directed by Pernille Fischer Christensen which incorporates many of the austere techniques of Dogme style. The movie, starring Trine Dyrholm and David Dencik, follows the turbulent relationship between an",
"psg_id": "11966575"
},
{
"title": "Aleppo soap",
"text": "the process of soap-making emanated from the Levant region (of which Aleppo is a main city) and to have moved west from there to Europe after the first Crusades. This is based on the claim that the earliest soap made in Europe was shortly after the Crusades, but soap was known to the Romans in the first century AD and Zosimos of Panopolis described soap and soapmaking in ca. 300 AD. Today most Aleppo soap, especially that containing more than 16% of laurel oil, is exported to Europe and East Asia. Traditional Aleppo soap (Ghar) is made by the \"hot",
"psg_id": "12256948"
},
{
"title": "Empire biscuit",
"text": "Empire biscuit An Empire biscuit (Imperial biscuit, Double biscuit, German biscuit, Belgian biscuit, Double Shortbread, Empire Cookie or biscuit bun) is a sweet biscuit popular in the United Kingdom, particularly Scotland, and other Commonwealth countries. It is typically considered a traditional Scottish snack, but is also popular in Northern Ireland, and are an iconic dish in Winnipeg, Canada. The biscuit was originally known as the \"Linzer Biscuit\", and later the \"Deutsch Biscuit\". With the outbreak of the First World War it was renamed: in England to \"Empire biscuit\", in Scotland to \"Belgian biscuit\" because Belgium had just been invaded, but",
"psg_id": "4598856"
},
{
"title": "Water biscuit",
"text": "Water biscuit A water biscuit or water cracker is a type of biscuit or cracker. Water biscuits are baked using only flour and water, without shortening or other fats usually used in biscuit production. They are thin, hard and brittle, and usually served with cheese or wine. Originally produced in the 19th century as a version of the ship's biscuit, water biscuits continue to be popular in Ireland and the United Kingdom, with the leading brands (Carr's and Jacob's) selling over seventy million packets a year. Carr's water biscuits, which contain palm oil, are sold as Table Water Crackers in",
"psg_id": "6435085"
},
{
"title": "Penguin (biscuit)",
"text": "this product line. The Tim Tam produced by Arnott's in Australia was based on the Penguin. Occasional media references include tongue-in-cheek debates over which is the superior biscuit. There are four variations of the biscuit: In 2002, McVitie's produced several \"sub brands\" or variations of the Penguin biscuit: Penguin Chukkas, Wing Dings, Flipper Dipper, Splatz and Mini Splatz. These variations were accompanied by a £5 million promotional campaign. In 2008, McVitie's also produced Penguin triple chocolate wafers. Penguin (biscuit) Penguins are milk chocolate covered biscuit bars filled with chocolate cream. They are produced by Pladis' manufacturing division McVitie's at their",
"psg_id": "8886207"
},
{
"title": "A Story-Gram from Vinyl Cafe Inc.",
"text": "A Story-Gram from Vinyl Cafe Inc. A Story-Gram From Vinyl Cafe Inc. (2004) is a two-CD album by Stuart McLean released by Vinyl Cafe Productions. McLean's \"The Vinyl Cafe\", one of CBC Radio's most popular programs, is a weekly ritual for tens of thousands of Canadians. The show relates the fictional escapades of Dave, eccentric owner of a small record store called The Vinyl Cafe, which lends Stuart music for his show. Dave tells Stuart stories about his life, his friends, and his family: wife Morley and children Stephanie and Sam. Stuart shares these stories with his audience. The most",
"psg_id": "15281404"
},
{
"title": "King Biscuit Time",
"text": "The Band, credited \"King Biscuit Time\", and in particular James Peck Curtis, for inspiring his musical career. Musician King Biscuit Boy was given that stage name by Ronnie Hawkins. The \"King Biscuit Flower Hour\" is a one-hour syndicated rock and roll radio program, the name of which was derived from \"King Biscuit Time\". In 1986, the first annual King Biscuit Blues Festival (later renamed to \"Arkansas Blues and Heritage Festival\" and returned to King Biscuit Blues Festival in 2011) was held in Helena, attracting thousands of blues aficionados from around the world. A magazine spin-off, \"King Biscuit Time\" edited by",
"psg_id": "2214989"
},
{
"title": "Chocolate biscuit",
"text": "as chocolate, rather than just \"chocolate-flavoured\". The exact structure and composition is significant in determining the taxation applicable in the UK as valued-added tax (VAT). The general principle is that luxury foods such as confectionery are taxable, while basic foodstuffs are not. Case law and rulings have determined that a chocolate-covered biscuit such as a chocolate digestive or Kit Kat is taxable while a chocolate-chip cookie or Jaffa cake is not. Chocolate biscuit A chocolate biscuit is a biscuit which is covered in chocolate, or which has been made by replacing some of the flour with cocoa powder. Chocolate biscuits",
"psg_id": "10573202"
},
{
"title": "A Soap",
"text": "A Soap En Soap (A Soap or Soap) is a 2006 Danish melodramatic comedy film directed by Pernille Fischer Christensen which incorporates many of the austere techniques of Dogme style. The movie, starring Trine Dyrholm and David Dencik, follows the turbulent relationship between an abrasive beauty clinic owner and a depressed pre-op transgender woman. Made on a budget of 1.5 million dollars, it was the first feature film directed by Christensen. The film received mixed reviews. Some critics dismissed it for low-budget productions values and depressing characters, while others praised it for the quirky performances and Christensen's inventive techniques. The",
"psg_id": "11966574"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit",
"text": "depending on the region and the speaker, with biscuits usually referring to hard, sweet biscuits (such as digestives, Nice, Bourbon creams, etc.) and cookies for soft baked goods (i.e. chocolate chip cookies), In Canada, this term is now used less frequently, usually with imported brands of biscuits or in the Maritimes; however, the Canadian Christie Biscuits referred to what Americans would call crackers. This sense is at the root of the name of the United States' most prominent maker of cookies and crackers, the National Biscuit Company, now called Nabisco. In the United States and parts of Canada a biscuit",
"psg_id": "2102372"
},
{
"title": "Bourbon biscuit",
"text": "steam to escape during the baking process. Many other companies make their own version of the biscuit under the \"Bourbon\" name, including major supermarkets. Bourbon biscuit The Bourbon biscuit (; is a sandwich style biscuit consisting of two thin rectangular dark chocolate–flavoured biscuits with a chocolate buttercream filling. The biscuit was introduced in 1910 (originally under the name \"Creola\") by the biscuit company Peek Freans, of Bermondsey, London, originator of the Garibaldi biscuit. The new name was taken from the European royal House of Bourbon. A 2009 survey found that the Bourbon biscuit was the fifth most popular biscuit in",
"psg_id": "4993890"
},
{
"title": "Hot dog variations",
"text": "or hot sauce, and a layer of coleslaw is called a Polish Boy. Variations exist for the preparation of the sausage or hot dog, whether it is grilled or fried. Another Cleveland favorite found at any north-eastern Ohio sporting or entertainment venues, is a hot dog with \"Stadium Mustard\". Stadium Mustard is a type of Brown mustard with similar flavor to a spicy Dijon mustard. Toledo is known for Tony Packo's Cafe. Their \"Hungarian hot dog\" is technically a Hungarian sausage called Kolbász, not unlike the Polish kielbasa, is about twice the diameter of a conventional hot dog, and is",
"psg_id": "7397397"
},
{
"title": "Viscount (biscuit)",
"text": "Viscount (biscuit) Viscount biscuits are a classic British biscuit which consist of a circular base of biscuit, topped with a creamy mint or orange flavouring and covered with a layer of milk chocolate. They are made by Burton's Foods. Viscounts have shiny foil wrappers with different colours depending on the biscuit inside—mint biscuits are contained within a green foil wrapper and orange flavoured biscuits (now discontinued) were contained within an orange wrapper. The wrapper features the word \"Viscount\" printed on it. Viscount biscuits were redesigned in April 2005, to make the product more appealing to the adult luxury market. The",
"psg_id": "11237621"
},
{
"title": "Viscount (biscuit)",
"text": "Cadbury Chocolate used in place of the standard Chocolate coating. Burton's customer services department have confirmed (1 October 2014) that they no longer manufacture the orange-flavour Viscount biscuits. Viscount (biscuit) Viscount biscuits are a classic British biscuit which consist of a circular base of biscuit, topped with a creamy mint or orange flavouring and covered with a layer of milk chocolate. They are made by Burton's Foods. Viscounts have shiny foil wrappers with different colours depending on the biscuit inside—mint biscuits are contained within a green foil wrapper and orange flavoured biscuits (now discontinued) were contained within an orange wrapper.",
"psg_id": "11237623"
},
{
"title": "Bourbon biscuit",
"text": "Bourbon biscuit The Bourbon biscuit (; is a sandwich style biscuit consisting of two thin rectangular dark chocolate–flavoured biscuits with a chocolate buttercream filling. The biscuit was introduced in 1910 (originally under the name \"Creola\") by the biscuit company Peek Freans, of Bermondsey, London, originator of the Garibaldi biscuit. The new name was taken from the European royal House of Bourbon. A 2009 survey found that the Bourbon biscuit was the fifth most popular biscuit in the UK to dunk into tea. The small holes in bourbon biscuits are to prevent the biscuits from cracking or breaking and to allow",
"psg_id": "4993889"
},
{
"title": "Garibaldi biscuit",
"text": "Garibaldi biscuit The Garibaldi biscuit consists of currants squashed and baked between two thin oblongs of biscuit dough—a sort of currant sandwich. In this respect, it has elements in common with the Eccles cake. Popular with British consumers as a snack for over 150 years, the Garibaldi biscuit is conventionally consumed with tea or coffee, into which it may be dunked in informal social settings. The biscuits also exist under different names in other countries, including Australia (with the name: \"Full O'Fruit\") and New Zealand (with the name: \"Fruitli\"). When bought in supermarkets in the UK (under several brands, all",
"psg_id": "4742089"
},
{
"title": "Garibaldi biscuit",
"text": "to have been available for many years. Garibaldi biscuit The Garibaldi biscuit consists of currants squashed and baked between two thin oblongs of biscuit dough—a sort of currant sandwich. In this respect, it has elements in common with the Eccles cake. Popular with British consumers as a snack for over 150 years, the Garibaldi biscuit is conventionally consumed with tea or coffee, into which it may be dunked in informal social settings. The biscuits also exist under different names in other countries, including Australia (with the name: \"Full O'Fruit\") and New Zealand (with the name: \"Fruitli\"). When bought in supermarkets",
"psg_id": "4742092"
},
{
"title": "Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co.",
"text": "Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co. Kellogg Co. v. National Biscuit Co., 305 U.S. 111 (1938), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court ruled that the Kellogg Company was not violating any trademark or unfair competition laws when it manufactured its own Shredded Wheat breakfast cereal, which had originally been invented by the National Biscuit Company (later called Nabisco). Kellogg's version of the product was of an essentially identical shape, and was also marketed as \"Shredded Wheat\"; but Nabisco's patents had expired, and its trademark application for the term \"Shredded Wheat\" had been turned down as",
"psg_id": "12800586"
},
{
"title": "The Banjo Cafe",
"text": "Bluegrass Association of Southern California, along with Renzo Mazzoni of the Banjo Cafe). The Banjo Cafe The Banjo Cafe was a bluegrass nightclub located at 2906 Lincoln Blvd. in Santa Monica, California. Bluegrass music was featured, with minor exceptions, six nights a week for over five years from February 1979 until June 1984. The Monday night open-mike was hosted by a bluegrass band. Jazz banjo player Pat Cloud was a regular at The Banjo Cafe and often played at special shows. The Banjo Cafe was originally a hardcore biker bar called The Barge. The interior had been built from the",
"psg_id": "18316934"
},
{
"title": "The Biscuit Burners",
"text": "and etiquette. The program is designed to give school children a sense of the history and tradition of American bluegrass music. The Biscuit Burners The Biscuit Burners an Original bluegrass /Americana band from Weaverville, North Carolina (United States); they are on hiatus as of 2009. The Biscuit Burners began around a kitchen table, with friends, dogs and musicians roaming in and out of their Asheville, North Carolina home. Early founding member Lizzie Hamilton had previously worked with Steep Canyon Rangers. As lore has it, a few biscuits did get burned during the making of this award winning band that stole",
"psg_id": "6821397"
},
{
"title": "The Biscuit Brothers",
"text": "The Biscuit Brothers The Biscuit Brothers is a half-hour Emmy-award winning public television program produced in Austin, Texas. It first went on the air in Austin, Texas in 2004 and then premiered nationwide in 2005. The show uses a mixture of live-action, puppetry, and animation to teach music and cultural communication through music to children and their families. The project was created and is produced by Allen Robertson, Jerome Schoolar, and Damon Brown. The show features include \"The Instrument of the Day\", \"Crazy Classics\", and has songs that everyone can sing along with. The Biscuit Brothers have performed live in",
"psg_id": "7013220"
},
{
"title": "The Biscuit Burners",
"text": "The Biscuit Burners The Biscuit Burners an Original bluegrass /Americana band from Weaverville, North Carolina (United States); they are on hiatus as of 2009. The Biscuit Burners began around a kitchen table, with friends, dogs and musicians roaming in and out of their Asheville, North Carolina home. Early founding member Lizzie Hamilton had previously worked with Steep Canyon Rangers. As lore has it, a few biscuits did get burned during the making of this award winning band that stole the hearts of many during their time together. Beginning as an all-female group, the band quickly morphed into the core four",
"psg_id": "6821392"
},
{
"title": "The Biscuit Brothers",
"text": "hundreds of venues across Texas as well - most notably at the Austin City Limits Music Festival (ACL Fest) in 2004, 2005, and 2006. They are the musical host of the annual Austin Family Music Festival. The television program just aired its sixth season in the fall of 2011 and plans to air a seventh in the fall of 2012. It currently stars Allen Robertson \"Buford Biscuit\" (also Music Director), Jerome Schoolar \"Dusty Biscuit\" (also Producer), Jill Leberknight \"Buttermilk Biscuit\" (also the Field Producer), Damon Brown \"Tiny Scarecrow\" (also Director), and Ian Scott \"Old MacDonald\". Music icon Willie Nelson also",
"psg_id": "7013221"
},
{
"title": "Almond biscuit",
"text": "Almond biscuit An almond biscuit, or almond cookie, is a type of biscuit that is made with almonds. They are a common biscuit in many different cuisines, and take many forms. Types of almond biscuits include almond macaroons, Spanish \"almendrados\", qurabiya (a shortbread biscuit made with almonds), and Turkish \"acıbadem kurabiyesi\". In addition, Turkish \"şekerpare\" are often decorated with an almond. In Norway, \"sandkaker\" are a type of almond cookie that are baked in fluted tins. A Chinese almond biscuit (or cookie) is a type of Chinese pastry that is made with ground apricot kernels. The biscuit is one of",
"psg_id": "19031728"
},
{
"title": "Soggy biscuit",
"text": "Soggy biscuit Soggy biscuit (also known as ookie cookie, limp biscuit, wet biscuit, shoot the cookie, or cum on a cookie) is a male group masturbation activity where the participants stand around a biscuit (UK) or cookie (US) masturbating and ejaculating onto it; the last person to do so must eat the biscuit. The game is reportedly played by adolescents, notably in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. In Australia, it is also known as soggy Sao after the SAO brand of biscuits that are popular there. Although soggy biscuit is not necessarily associated with homosexuality, since the",
"psg_id": "12898750"
},
{
"title": "Soggy biscuit",
"text": "criminally. Soggy biscuit Soggy biscuit (also known as ookie cookie, limp biscuit, wet biscuit, shoot the cookie, or cum on a cookie) is a male group masturbation activity where the participants stand around a biscuit (UK) or cookie (US) masturbating and ejaculating onto it; the last person to do so must eat the biscuit. The game is reportedly played by adolescents, notably in the United Kingdom, the United States, and Australia. In Australia, it is also known as soggy Sao after the SAO brand of biscuits that are popular there. Although soggy biscuit is not necessarily associated with homosexuality, since",
"psg_id": "12898753"
},
{
"title": "Soap",
"text": "make soap. Most soapmakers use processes where the glycerol remains in the product, and the saponification continues for many days after the soap is poured into molds. The glycerol is left during the hot-process method, but at the high temperature employed, the reaction is practically completed in the kettle, before the soap is poured into molds. This simple and quick process is employed in small factories all over the world. Handmade soap from the cold process also differs from industrially made soap in that an excess of fat is used, beyond that needed to consume the alkali (in a cold-pour",
"psg_id": "683905"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit rose de Reims",
"text": "Biscuit rose de Reims Biscuit rose de Reims (), is a pink biscuit found in French cuisine, made pink by the addition of carmine. Originating in Reims, Biscuit rose de Reims is a product of the Biscuits Fossier company. It is customary to dip the biscuit in champagne or red wine. The biscuit was created around 1690 in Reims. A baker wanted to make the most of the heat in the bread oven between the two batches, so he had the idea of creating a special dough; cooking it twice, which is where the name \"biscuit\" or \"bis-cuit\" meaning \"cooked",
"psg_id": "14187217"
},
{
"title": "Republic Biscuit Corporation",
"text": "Republic Biscuit Corporation Republic Biscuit Corporation (d/b/a Rebisco) is a Philippine snack food company which has its main office based in Pasig and its main factory based in Quezon City. It was founded in 1963 by Jacinto Ng. Rebisco was founded in August 15, 1963 as England Biscuit Factory, producing biscuits from a tiny, rented second-hand factory in San Juan, with only US$5,000 in start-up (approximately ₱15,000 to ₱20,000). The company eventually moved out of its San Juan site to a new factory in Novaliches, Quezon City. In 1972, England Biscuit Factory was renamed Republic Biscuit Corporation and adopted a",
"psg_id": "16821663"
},
{
"title": "A Little Bit of Soap",
"text": "version hit number 34 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and number 9 on the adult contemporary chart in June 1979. Both Davis and Olsson used ballad arrangements. The song was a success in Britain in the 1978 version by Showaddywaddy, peaking at number 5 in UK Singles Chart in July 1978. A Little Bit of Soap \"A Little Bit of Soap\", written by Bert Berns (aka Bert Russell), was a song, first sung in a bluesy soul style by the Jarmels, who reached number 12 with it in September 1961 and number 7 on the R&B charts. The song has",
"psg_id": "5505468"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit (bread)",
"text": "cooking, most often based on ground wheat and warmed with gravy. The biscuit emerged as a distinct food type in the early 19th century, before the American Civil War. Cooks created a cheaply produced addition for their meals that required no yeast, which was expensive and difficult to store. With no leavening agents except the bitter-tasting pearlash available, beaten biscuits were laboriously beaten and folded to incorporate air into the dough which expanded when heated in the oven causing the biscuit to rise. In eating, the advantage of the biscuit over a slice of bread was that it was harder,",
"psg_id": "14191844"
},
{
"title": "Roxy Theatre and Peters Greek Cafe Complex",
"text": "Australia's cultural history and played a significant role in the changing landscape of our regions. Almost every town across rural NSW and Queensland boasted a Greek cafe. Greek family owned cafes in northern New South Wales which have closed in recent years include The Busy Bee in Gunnedah, the White Rose in Uralla, Fardouly's Cafe and Pete's Place in Inverell. Still operating are The Paragon in Katoomba and the Niagara in Gundagai, in continuous operation for over a century. The survival of a guesthouse for patrons, adjoining the Roxy Bingara (to the rear), is rare and possibly unique among surviving",
"psg_id": "20802797"
},
{
"title": "Cafe on the Corner (song)",
"text": "& Tracks for the week of August 8, 1992. Cafe on the Corner (song) \"Cafe on the Corner\" is a song written by Mac McAnally, and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in August 1992 as the first single and title track from the album \"Cafe on the Corner\". The song reached number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and number 2 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country chart. The song is a ballad about the plight of a dispossessed farmer and others who are \"down and out\" in life. Deborah Evans",
"psg_id": "13454025"
},
{
"title": "Cafe on the Corner (song)",
"text": "Cafe on the Corner (song) \"Cafe on the Corner\" is a song written by Mac McAnally, and recorded by American country music group Sawyer Brown. It was released in August 1992 as the first single and title track from the album \"Cafe on the Corner\". The song reached number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart and number 2 on the Canadian \"RPM\" Country chart. The song is a ballad about the plight of a dispossessed farmer and others who are \"down and out\" in life. Deborah Evans Price, of \"Billboard\" magazine reviewed the song favorably saying",
"psg_id": "13454022"
},
{
"title": "Abernethy biscuit",
"text": "Abernethy biscuit The Abernethy biscuit was invented by doctor John Abernethy in the 18th century as a digestive improver and hence aid to health. Abernethy believed that most diseases were due to disorders in digestion. The Abernethy biscuit is a type of digestive biscuit, a baked good originally designed to be eaten as a support to proper digestion. In creating his biscuit, Abernethy was following a trend of other medical practitioners like English William Oliver of Bath, Somerset (invented the Bath Oliver) and the American preacher Sylvester Graham who was a nutrition expert (the Graham cracker). The Abernethy biscuit is",
"psg_id": "14192240"
},
{
"title": "Almond biscuit",
"text": "are among the most famous brands of almond cookies from Macau. Almond biscuit An almond biscuit, or almond cookie, is a type of biscuit that is made with almonds. They are a common biscuit in many different cuisines, and take many forms. Types of almond biscuits include almond macaroons, Spanish \"almendrados\", qurabiya (a shortbread biscuit made with almonds), and Turkish \"acıbadem kurabiyesi\". In addition, Turkish \"şekerpare\" are often decorated with an almond. In Norway, \"sandkaker\" are a type of almond cookie that are baked in fluted tins. A Chinese almond biscuit (or cookie) is a type of Chinese pastry that",
"psg_id": "19031730"
},
{
"title": "The Banjo Cafe",
"text": "The Banjo Cafe The Banjo Cafe was a bluegrass nightclub located at 2906 Lincoln Blvd. in Santa Monica, California. Bluegrass music was featured, with minor exceptions, six nights a week for over five years from February 1979 until June 1984. The Monday night open-mike was hosted by a bluegrass band. Jazz banjo player Pat Cloud was a regular at The Banjo Cafe and often played at special shows. The Banjo Cafe was originally a hardcore biker bar called The Barge. The interior had been built from the heavy planking of an old boat. The walls were covered with two-inch thick",
"psg_id": "18316930"
},
{
"title": "Dog biscuit",
"text": "Bennett, whose own dog biscuits were faring poorly against those of the larger company, had the idea of making them in the shape of a bone. \"His 'Maltoid Milk-Bones' were such a success that for the next fifteen years Bennett's Milk-Bone dominated the commercial dog food market in America.\" In 1931, the National Biscuit Company, now known as Nabisco, bought the company. World's Largest Dog Biscuit The world's largest dog biscuit weighs 279.87 kg and was baked to be 2,000 larger than average by Hampshire Pet Products from Joplin, Missouri, USA. Dog biscuit A dog biscuit is a hard biscuit-based",
"psg_id": "7117706"
},
{
"title": "Loveless Cafe",
"text": "who said \"it was the best breakfast I've ever had…\" In a volume of Country America, the magazine noted \"Al Gore, Princess Anne, and just about any Country Star you could name have all pulled up a chair to Loveless Cafe's red checkered tablecloths.\" The Loveless Cafe serves southern style cooking, and is most famous for its biscuits, country ham, and red-eye gravy. The biscuit recipe was created by Anne Loveless and is still closely guarded today. Many of the ingredients are farmed and produced in Tennessee, and all menu items are made from scratch. Loveless serves a full breakfast",
"psg_id": "8031212"
},
{
"title": "Beaten biscuit",
"text": "Beaten biscuit Beaten biscuits are a Southern food from the United States, dating from the 19th century. They differ from regular American soft-dough biscuits in that they are more like hardtack. In New England they are called \"sea biscuits\", as they were staples aboard whaling ships. The dough was originally made from flour, salt, sugar, lard, and cold water, and beaten with a hard object or against a hard surface. It is pricked with a fork prior to baking and cut smaller than a regular biscuit. The prepared dough is baked at for 20 minutes until tops are golden brown,",
"psg_id": "8398801"
},
{
"title": "Beaten biscuit",
"text": "proper texture for the biscuit, \"this beating also serves to vent the cook's weekly accumulation of pent-up frustrations.\" These biscuits were traditionally used in \"ham biscuits\", a traditional Southern canapé, where they are sliced horizontally and spread with butter, jelly, mustard and filled with pieces of country ham, or sopped up with gravy or syrup. They are sometimes considered \"Sunday biscuits\" and can be stored for several months in an airtight container. Beaten biscuits were once so popular that special machines, called biscuits brakes, were manufactured to knead the dough in home kitchens. A biscuit brake typically consists of a",
"psg_id": "8398803"
},
{
"title": "Lambert's Cafe",
"text": "In August 2015 the restaurant was sued by a customer who says he suffered permanent eye injuries after being struck by a hot roll thrown by a staff member. A lawyer acting for the plaintiff said Lambert's has been sued similar injuries in the past. A Lambert's spokesman confirmed that other customers have previously sought damages for similar claims, and in some cases medical expenses have been paid. Lambert's Cafe Lambert's Cafe is a US restaurant chain with locations in Foley, Alabama; Sikeston, Missouri; and Ozark, Missouri. It was founded in 1942. It is known for throwing hot rolls at",
"psg_id": "3400235"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit",
"text": "available in the 18th century. The British biscuit firms of McVitie's, Carr's, Huntley & Palmer, and Crawfords were all established by 1850. Along with local farm produce of meat and cheese, many regions of the world have their own distinct style of biscuit due to the historic prominence of this form of food. Most modern biscuits can trace their origins back to either the hardtack ship's biscuit or the creative art of the baker: Biscuits today can be savoury or sweet, but most are small at around in diameter, and flat. The term biscuit also applies to sandwich-type biscuits, wherein",
"psg_id": "2102368"
},
{
"title": "Tudor's Biscuit World",
"text": "Tudor's Biscuit World Tudor's Biscuit World is a restaurant chain and franchise based in Huntington, West Virginia, most commonly found in West Virginia. Many West Virginia locations share a building with Gino's Pizza and Spaghetti, although the chain is more extensive than Gino's (which is exclusive to West Virginia), having locations in southern Ohio, eastern Kentucky, and southwestern Virginia. In 2016 a franchise was opened in Panama City, Florida. Tudor's serves biscuits, biscuit sandwiches, homestyle breakfasts and dinners, muffins, and several side dishes. The chain was originally based in Charleston, West Virginia and many of the biscuit sandwiches are named",
"psg_id": "8950283"
},
{
"title": "Chocolate biscuit pudding",
"text": "Chocolate biscuit pudding Chocolate biscuit pudding, commonly abbreviated as CBP, is a Sri Lankan dessert. Chocolate biscuit pudding is made up of alternating layers of milk-dipped Marie biscuits and chocolate pudding or icing. These layers can be seen clearly when cutting through the dish, which should always be served cold. The pudding is often garnished with roasted or chopped nuts, usually cashewnuts. Chocolate Biscuit pudding is one of the many dishes that has come out of the fusion of traditional Sri Lankan and British cuisines during the Colonial era. To make up the pudding, layers of a prepared chocolate pudding/icing",
"psg_id": "17033384"
},
{
"title": "Garibaldi biscuit",
"text": "very similar), Garibaldi biscuits usually come in four strips of five biscuits each. They have a golden brown, glazed exterior and a moderately sweet pastry, but their defining characteristic is the layer of squashed fruit which gives rise to the colloquial names \"fly sandwiches\", \"flies' graveyards\", \"dead fly biscuits\", or \"squashed fly biscuits\", because the squashed fruit resemble squashed flies. The Garibaldi biscuit was named after Giuseppe Garibaldi, an Italian general and leader of the struggle to unify Italy. Garibaldi made a popular visit to South Shields in England in 1854. The biscuit was first manufactured by the Bermondsey biscuit",
"psg_id": "4742090"
},
{
"title": "Abernethy biscuit",
"text": "of the Pickwick Club\", (1836) p. 774, Charles Dickens> Abernethy biscuit The Abernethy biscuit was invented by doctor John Abernethy in the 18th century as a digestive improver and hence aid to health. Abernethy believed that most diseases were due to disorders in digestion. The Abernethy biscuit is a type of digestive biscuit, a baked good originally designed to be eaten as a support to proper digestion. In creating his biscuit, Abernethy was following a trend of other medical practitioners like English William Oliver of Bath, Somerset (invented the Bath Oliver) and the American preacher Sylvester Graham who was a",
"psg_id": "14192243"
},
{
"title": "Empire biscuit",
"text": "in Northern Ireland it remains known as the \"German Biscuit\" or \"biscuit bun\". In Scotland the name now varies depending on the region with the North East typically calling it a Double Shortbread and the West an Empire biscuit. In Northern Ireland it is commonly found with a jam and coconut topping. It is also known as the \"Belgian biscuit\", due to being topped in a similar way to a Belgian bun made of pastry or dough. The typical Empire Biscuit has a layer of jam in between two biscuits, typically shortbread. The top is covered with white water icing,",
"psg_id": "4598857"
},
{
"title": "Digestive biscuit",
"text": "Digestive biscuit A digestive biscuit, sometimes described as a sweet-meal biscuit, is a semi-sweet biscuit that originated in Scotland, and is popular worldwide. The digestive was first developed in 1839 by two Scottish doctors to aid digestion. The term \"digestive\" is derived from the belief that they had antacid properties due to the use of sodium bicarbonate when they were first developed. Historically, some producers used diastatic malt extract to \"digest\" some of the starch that existed in flour prior to baking. First manufactured in 1892, McVitie's digestive is the best-selling biscuit in the UK. A prominent feature in British",
"psg_id": "2243161"
},
{
"title": "Marie biscuit",
"text": "in milk and then stacked in layers of chocolate and vanilla-flavoured custard cream, with whipped cream and crushed cashew nuts on top to make the Brazilian version of Pavé, a very popular dessert. In Ireland, the biscuits are known as Marietta and manufactured by Jacob's. In Malaysia, people use them mainly for making batik cake. The major international manufacturers (initially sorted by country name): Marie biscuit A Marie biscuit is a type of biscuit similar to a rich tea biscuit. While the rich tea is the most popular version of this type of biscuit in the United Kingdom and the",
"psg_id": "11152092"
},
{
"title": "Republic Biscuit Corporation",
"text": "the vast array of products. Republic Biscuit Corporation Republic Biscuit Corporation (d/b/a Rebisco) is a Philippine snack food company which has its main office based in Pasig and its main factory based in Quezon City. It was founded in 1963 by Jacinto Ng. Rebisco was founded in August 15, 1963 as England Biscuit Factory, producing biscuits from a tiny, rented second-hand factory in San Juan, with only US$5,000 in start-up (approximately ₱15,000 to ₱20,000). The company eventually moved out of its San Juan site to a new factory in Novaliches, Quezon City. In 1972, England Biscuit Factory was renamed Republic",
"psg_id": "16821665"
},
{
"title": "Mimi and the Biscuit Factory",
"text": "Mimi and the Biscuit Factory Mimi and the Biscuit Factory () is a 1988 Viveca Sundvall children's book in the Mimmi series. It was published in English in 1989. 6-year-old Mimmi lives in a yellow house in a small town in Sweden. Hennes mother Elin is a waitress working at restaurant \"Gyllene svanen\". Sometimes she works during evenings. When Mimmi and her father stand at the balcony they feel the smell from Henry's biscuit factory. Anders attends the same Kindergarten as Mimmi, and they are both born the same year. A late-May Monday the Kindergarten visits the biscuit factory. In",
"psg_id": "18528618"
},
{
"title": "BN Biscuit",
"text": "BN Biscuit The BN Biscuit (or Biscuiterie Nantaise) is a French brand of biscuit, consisting of a filling, such as chocolate, sandwiched between two biscuits. It was launched in 1932, acquired by United Biscuits in 1998, and relaunched in September 2000. They are manufactured at the United Biscuits site in Nantes, France. BNs are produced in two different shapes: circles and rounded squares. One side of the biscuit is decorated with one of four different faces. There are seven different flavours of the BN biscuit: chocolate, strawberry, vanilla, custard, raspberry, apricot and milk chocolate. They also come in a \"Mini",
"psg_id": "9474168"
},
{
"title": "Anzac biscuit",
"text": "Anzac biscuit The Anzac biscuit is a sweet biscuit, popular in Australia and New Zealand, made using rolled oats, flour, sugar, butter (or margarine), golden syrup, baking soda, boiling water, and (optionally) desiccated coconut. Anzac biscuits have long been associated with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC) established in World War I. The biscuits were sent by wives and women's groups to soldiers abroad because the ingredients do not spoil easily and the biscuits kept well during naval transportation. Today, Anzac biscuits are manufactured commercially for retail sale. Anzac biscuits should not be confused with hardtack, which was",
"psg_id": "762264"
},
{
"title": "Nice biscuit",
"text": "indicating that by this point their manufacturers intended the public to associate the biscuit with the French town, whether or not that had hitherto been the intended pronunciation. A Nice biscuit was listed in an Army and Navy Co-operative Society price list in 1895. British company Huntley & Palmers made a Nice biscuit as early as 1904. The Australian company Arnott's Biscuits also claims to have invented the Nice biscuit. Nice biscuits are sold by various companies under different brand names in most of the British Commonwealth as well as other countries. Dutch biscuit maker Verkade claims its Nizza version",
"psg_id": "5310370"
},
{
"title": "Soap",
"text": "manufacturer Benjamin T. Babbitt introduced marketing innovations that included sale of bar soap and distribution of product samples. William Hesketh Lever and his brother, James, bought a small soap works in Warrington in 1886 and founded what is still one of the largest soap businesses, formerly called Lever Brothers and now called Unilever. These soap businesses were among the first to employ large-scale advertising campaigns. Liquid soap was not invented until the nineteenth century; in 1865, William Shepphard patented a liquid version of soap. In 1898, B.J. Johnson developed a soap derived from palm and olive oils; his company, the",
"psg_id": "683903"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit Fire",
"text": "Biscuit Fire The Biscuit Fire was a massive wildfire in 2002 that burned nearly in the Rogue River–Siskiyou National Forest, in southern Oregon and northern California, in the Western United States. The fire was named after Biscuit Creek in southern Oregon. The Biscuit Fire was the largest wildfire in the recorded history of Oregon. The Biscuit Fire area is subject to warm, dry winds known as the Brookings effect (also known as Chetco effect), driven by high pressure over the Great Basin. The fire re-burned portions of the 1987 Silver Fire and subsequently burned in the 2017 Chetco Bar Fire.",
"psg_id": "6016707"
},
{
"title": "Biscuit roll",
"text": "Biscuit roll The biscuit roll, crispy biscuit roll, egg roll, crisp biscuit roll, cookie roll or love letter is a type of biscuit snack commonly found in many parts of Asia, South America, and Spain. It is crunchy and can be easily broken into pieces. The Chinese name for this snack, \"蛋卷\", can be directly translated into English as \"egg roll\". However, the food item known in the West as egg roll is very different. The Spanish name \"barquillo\", comes from the ancient tradition of heating the biscuits in convex or boat shape molds, being \"barco\" the spanish for boat.",
"psg_id": "19031703"
},
{
"title": "Glycerin soap",
"text": "as for personal care products, pharmaceuticals, chemical intermediates, and food processing. Glycerin soap is made by melting and continuously heating soap that has been partially dissolved in a high percentage alcohol solution until the mixture reaches a clear, jelly-like consistency. The alcohol is added to a slow cooked hot-processed soap and then simmered with a sugar solution until the soap is clear or translucent, and then the simmered soap is chilled in a freezer. With home- and hand-made soaps that still contain glycerin left over from saponification, the grating, melting and cooking can proceed without the addition of anything into",
"psg_id": "6073807"
},
{
"title": "Monte Carlo (biscuit)",
"text": "Monte Carlo (biscuit) Monte Carlo biscuits are an Australian sweet biscuit that have been manufactured since 1926 by Arnott's Biscuits Holdings. Each biscuit comprises two biscuit layers sandwiching a creamy filling, while many such biscuits are moulded to a design, both sides of the Monte Carlo biscuit are rough. The biscuit layers have a mild taste of golden syrup, honey and coconut, and the cream layer consists of a vanilla flavoured cream filling surrounded by a thin toffee-like coating of raspberry jam. The Monte Carlo biscuit is available in most Australian supermarkets, being typically sold in 250g packages of 12",
"psg_id": "10583178"
},
{
"title": "Dropping the Soap",
"text": "Dropping the Soap Dropping the Soap is an American comedy web series that parodies the soap opera genre, created by Paul Witten, Mandy Fabian and Kate Mines. It goes behind-the-scenes of a struggling daytime soap opera called \"Collided Lives\". In the new era of television, daytime soap opera \"Collided Lives\" struggles to stay afloat. The cast and crew, including leading man Julian Draker (Paul Witten) and new executive producer Olivia Vanderstein (Jane Lynch), try to hold things together. Production was announced in March 2013 with Lisa Kudrow, Jane Lynch, Dan Bucatinsky, Don Roos, Damon Bethel and Joseph Gomes acting as",
"psg_id": "20257523"
},
{
"title": "Monte Carlo (biscuit)",
"text": "individual biscuits and as one of the five biscuits in the Arnott's Assorted Creams 500g variety pack. With an average mass of 20.8 grams, the Monte Carlo is the heaviest biscuit available in the Assorted Creams pack. The biscuits were named after the city of Monte Carlo. Monte Carlo (biscuit) Monte Carlo biscuits are an Australian sweet biscuit that have been manufactured since 1926 by Arnott's Biscuits Holdings. Each biscuit comprises two biscuit layers sandwiching a creamy filling, while many such biscuits are moulded to a design, both sides of the Monte Carlo biscuit are rough. The biscuit layers have",
"psg_id": "10583179"
},
{
"title": "The Vampyr: A Soap Opera",
"text": "libretto of \"The Vampyr\" is based on that of \"Der Vampyr\", there have been numerous changes because of the modernization of the plot and the constraints of the miniseries format: The Vampyr: A Soap Opera The Vampyr: A Soap Opera is a miniseries based on Heinrich Marschner's opera \"Der Vampyr\". It first aired on BBC 2 on December 2, 1992. The new English libretto was written by Charles Hart, based on a story by Janet Street-Porter and Nigel Finch, which was based on the original libretto by Wilhelm August Wohlbrück, which was based on John Polidori's short story \"The Vampyre.\"",
"psg_id": "13279329"
},
{
"title": "The Vampyr: A Soap Opera",
"text": "The Vampyr: A Soap Opera The Vampyr: A Soap Opera is a miniseries based on Heinrich Marschner's opera \"Der Vampyr\". It first aired on BBC 2 on December 2, 1992. The new English libretto was written by Charles Hart, based on a story by Janet Street-Porter and Nigel Finch, which was based on the original libretto by Wilhelm August Wohlbrück, which was based on John Polidori's short story \"The Vampyre.\" It was conducted by David Parry and directed by Nigel Finch and co-directed by Robert Chevara. Ripley, the vampire, was frozen in the late eighteenth century, but has revived in",
"psg_id": "13279323"
},
{
"title": "Soap",
"text": "process, this excess fat is called \"superfatting\"), and the glycerol left in acts as a moisturizing agent. However, the glycerine also makes the soap softer. Addition of glycerol and processing of this soap produces glycerin soap. Superfatted soap is more skin-friendly than one without extra fat, although it can leave a \"greasy\" feel. Sometimes, an emollient is added, such as jojoba oil or shea butter. Sand or pumice may be added to produce a scouring soap. The scouring agents serve to remove dead cells from the skin surface being cleaned. This process is called exfoliation. To make antibacterial soap, compounds",
"psg_id": "683906"
},
{
"title": "A Long Hot Summer",
"text": "Count Big City Good Ol' Love Da Grind H.O.O.D. Beautiful F.A.Y Soda & Soap Bklyn Masala Travelocity The Stoop The Ways Oh My God A Long Hot Summer A Long Hot Summer is the third solo album from American emcee Masta Ace. The release is a follow-up to his 2001 concept album \"Disposable Arts\". It was extremely well received by both fans and critics, however sales were poor. The story follows Ace, an underground rapper through his \"Long Hot Summer\" in Brooklyn, accompanied by buddy Fats Belvedere. Ace ventures through the Brooklyn streets and goes out on tour with Fats",
"psg_id": "7565723"
},
{
"title": "King Biscuit Blues Festival",
"text": "King Biscuit Blues Festival The King Biscuit Blues Festival is an annual, multi-day blues festival, held in Helena, Arkansas, United States. The name comes from \"King Biscuit Time\", which was the longest running radio show. Sonny Boy Williamson II and other musicians played live on KFFA every weekday, pausing for King Biscuit flour commercials and announcements of their next night time performances. Jim O'Neal, the editor of \"Living Blues\" magazine at the time and an authority on blues history, said, \"The King Biscuit hour was the thing that really crystallized blues music in this area. Muddy Waters and B.B. King",
"psg_id": "13388412"
},
{
"title": "Caffé Vittoria",
"text": "ice cream with flavors such as spumoni and Biscuit Tortoni. The cafe serves sorbets in the summertime. Other desserts include rum cake and chocolate ganache. Tea, hot chocolate, sciroppi, and espresso are also staples of the cafe. Espresso comes plain, or as cappuccino, caffè latte, caffè corretto, caffè macchiato, and latte macchiato. Around the cafe are displayed old-fashioned espresso machines. Caffé Vittoria Caffè Vittoria is an Italian cafe in the North End neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, United States. The cafe is located on Hanover Street in the city's Little Italy. The cafe features four levels, three liquor bars, and a",
"psg_id": "15454951"
}
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which architect designed the seagram building, new york city? | [
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "Seagram Building The Seagram Building is a skyscraper, located at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The integral plaza, building, stone faced lobby and distinctive glass and bronze exterior were designed by German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Philip Johnson designed the interior of The Four Seasons and Brasserie restaurants. Kahn & Jacobs were associate architects. Severud Associates were the structural engineering consultants. The Seagram building was completed in 1958. The building stands 515 feet (157 m) tall with 38 stories, and it is one of the most notable examples",
"psg_id": "2208410"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "seen in Showtime's \"House of Lies\". The building is seen in the movie \"Hitch\". In the poem \"Steps\" by Frank O'Hara, featured in his famous book of poetry \"Lunch Poems\", the poet mentions the Seagram Building, saying that it's \"no longer rivalled in interest/not that we need liquor (we just like it)\". Seagram Building The Seagram Building is a skyscraper, located at 375 Park Avenue, between 52nd Street and 53rd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. The integral plaza, building, stone faced lobby and distinctive glass and bronze exterior were designed by German-American architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.",
"psg_id": "2208421"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "actually use space, varying from the supposed intent of the architects. The building was home to famed restaurants The Four Seasons, designed by the architects, and Brasserie, by Diller + Scofidio. It now hosts three restaurants, all of which are owned by Major Food Group: The Grill, The Pool, and The Lobster Club. Joseph Seagram sold the building in 1979 to the New York City-based Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association for $70.5 million in 1979. It was in turn sold at the height of the new millennium real estate boom to New York City Aby Rosen for $375 million in",
"psg_id": "2208418"
},
{
"title": "Seagram",
"text": "beverage assets wholesaled off to various industry titans, notably The Coca-Cola Company, Diageo, and Pernod Ricard. Universal's television holdings were sold off to media entrepreneur Barry Diller, and the balance of the Universal entertainment empire and what was Seagram was sold to French conglomerate Vivendi in 2000. Seagram's House, the former Seagram's headquarters in Montreal, was donated to McGill University by Vivendi Universal in 2002, then renamed Martlet House. The iconic Seagram Building, once the company's American headquarters in New York City, was commissioned by Phyllis Lambert, daughter of Seagram CEO Samuel Bronfman, and designed by architect Ludwig Mies van",
"psg_id": "1865856"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "a very popular gathering area. In 1961, when New York City enacted a major revision to its 1916 Zoning Resolution, the nation's first comprehensive Zoning Resolution, it offered incentives for developers to install \"privately owned public spaces\" which were meant to emulate that of the Seagram Building. The Seagram Building's plaza was also the site of a landmark planning study by William H. Whyte, the American sociologist. The film, \"Social Life of Small Urban Spaces\", produced in conjunction with the Municipal Art Society of New York, records the daily patterns of people socializing around the plaza. It shows how people",
"psg_id": "2208417"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Museum",
"text": "left the building and CIGI moved in. In 2010 it also housed Project Ploughshares. E-commerce company Shopify moved into the building in 2016. Some of the museum's collection was transferred to the City of Waterloo and will be housed at the City of Waterloo Museum. The Museum was affiliated with: CMA, CHIN, and Virtual Museum of Canada. Seagram Museum The Seagram Museum was a museum in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, preserving the heritage of the once venerable Canadian distillery Seagram. Located at 57 Erb Street West, it operated from May 1984 to March 1997. Designed by architect Barton Myers, it was",
"psg_id": "3431797"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "of the functionalist aesthetic and a prominent instance of corporate modern architecture. It was designed as the headquarters for the Canadian distillers Joseph E. Seagram & Sons with the active interest of Phyllis Lambert, the daughter of Samuel Bronfman, Seagram's CEO. The building is owned by Aby Rosen's RFR Holdings. Prominent German-American \"Internationalist\" architect Mies van der Rohe was given an unlimited budget by Seagram's heiress Phyllis Lambert. This structure which resulted, and the style in which it was built, had enormous influences on American architecture. One of the style's characteristic traits was to express or articulate the structure of",
"psg_id": "2208411"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "combine a braced frame with a moment frame, one of the first tall buildings to use a vertical truss bracing system and the first tall building to employ a composite steel and concrete lateral frame. The Seagram Building and Lever House, which sits just across Park Avenue, set the architectural style for skyscrapers in New York City for several decades. It appears as a simple bronze box, set back from Park Avenue by a large, open granite plaza. Mies intended to create an urban open space in front of the building, despite the luxuriousness of the idea, and it became",
"psg_id": "2208416"
},
{
"title": "Germania Bank Building (New York City)",
"text": "Germania Bank Building (New York City) Germania Bank building is a former bank location at 190 Bowery, on the northwest corner of the intersection with Spring Street in Manhattan. Built in 1898–99 and designed in the Renaissance Revival style by architect Robert Maynicke, it was the third home of the Germania Bank, which was established in 1869 by a group of local businessmen of German extraction. Currently a private residence, the building was designated a New York City landmark on March 29, 2005. The six-story building’s two main facades, which are clad in granite, consist of a series of bays",
"psg_id": "15709563"
},
{
"title": "Cunard Building (New York City)",
"text": "Cunard Building (New York City) The Cunard Building, also known as the Standard & Poors Building, is located at 25 Broadway in Lower Manhattan's Financial District. It opened as a 22-story office building on May 2, 1921, and its first floor interior was designated a New York City landmark in September 1995. Its ticketing hall is currently operated by Cipriani S.A. as an event space. The building was designed between 1917 and 1919 and built between 1920 and 1921 by Benjamin Wistar Morris, architect, and Carrère & Hastings, in a consulting role. While the Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House already",
"psg_id": "18389880"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "construction costs of Seagram made it the world's most expensive skyscraper at the time, due to the use of expensive, high-quality materials and lavish interior decoration including bronze, travertine, and marble. The interior was designed to assure cohesion with the external features, repeated in the glass and bronze furnishings and decorative scheme. Another interesting feature of the Seagram Building is the window blinds. As was common with International style architects, Mies wanted the building to have a uniform appearance. One aspect of a façade which Mies disliked was the disordered irregularity when window blinds are drawn. Inevitably, people using different",
"psg_id": "2208414"
},
{
"title": "Chamber of Commerce Building (New York City)",
"text": "Chamber of Commerce Building (New York City) The Chamber of Commerce Building is located on 65 Liberty Street between Nassau Street and Broadway in the Financial District in Manhattan, New York City. The building's architect was James Barnes Baker who designed the building with a Beaux-Arts style. The building is about four stories tall built with Vermont marble and includes a terrace and a mansard roof. The first floor of the building contains the Great Hall where the walls of the hall are filled with portraits of important individuals from American history. Some of the portraits include John Cruger, the",
"psg_id": "10582472"
},
{
"title": "Chamber of Commerce Building (New York City)",
"text": "be fixed. Notes Chamber of Commerce Building (New York City) The Chamber of Commerce Building is located on 65 Liberty Street between Nassau Street and Broadway in the Financial District in Manhattan, New York City. The building's architect was James Barnes Baker who designed the building with a Beaux-Arts style. The building is about four stories tall built with Vermont marble and includes a terrace and a mansard roof. The first floor of the building contains the Great Hall where the walls of the hall are filled with portraits of important individuals from American history. Some of the portraits include",
"psg_id": "10582476"
},
{
"title": "New York Evening Post Building",
"text": "from 1906 to 1926. It occupied this building, which is now an apartment building, until 1970. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on September 22, 2000. New York Evening Post Building The New York Evening Post Building, also known as the New York Post Building or the Post Towers, is a historic commercial building located in Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. The building was designed by architect Horace Trumbauer and built in 1926. The Post Building is a 17-story, Art Deco style steel frame and masonry building with abundant terra cotta and Guastavino tile",
"psg_id": "14788514"
},
{
"title": "New York Evening Post Building",
"text": "New York Evening Post Building The New York Evening Post Building, also known as the New York Post Building or the Post Towers, is a historic commercial building located in Lower Manhattan, New York City, New York. The building was designed by architect Horace Trumbauer and built in 1926. The Post Building is a 17-story, Art Deco style steel frame and masonry building with abundant terra cotta and Guastavino tile embellishments. The building has setbacks beginning at the seventh floor and a \"U\" shaped light well. The \"New York Evening Post\" previously occupied the Old New York Evening Post Building",
"psg_id": "14788513"
},
{
"title": "Federal Office Building (New York City)",
"text": "The building now houses apartments and is called \"The Archive\", after a former tenant of the building the National Archives. Federal Office Building (New York City) The Federal Office Building in New York City, also known as U.S. Appraisers' Warehouse, was built between 1892-99. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is a ten-story Romanesque style building bounded by Christopher, Greenwich, Barrow, and Washington Streets, about four blocks west of Sheridan Square. Architect Willoughby J. Edbrooke left his successful Chicago practice on being named supervising architect of the Treasury Department in 1891. He died",
"psg_id": "13537804"
},
{
"title": "Federal Office Building (New York City)",
"text": "Federal Office Building (New York City) The Federal Office Building in New York City, also known as U.S. Appraisers' Warehouse, was built between 1892-99. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974. It is a ten-story Romanesque style building bounded by Christopher, Greenwich, Barrow, and Washington Streets, about four blocks west of Sheridan Square. Architect Willoughby J. Edbrooke left his successful Chicago practice on being named supervising architect of the Treasury Department in 1891. He died before the completion of the building, but his influence and the influence of the Chicago School of Architecture is evident.",
"psg_id": "13537803"
},
{
"title": "Tower Building (New York City)",
"text": "in 1914, just twenty six years had passed since the Tower Building's construction, and the tallest building in New York, the Woolworth Building, was over . Tower Building (New York City) The Tower Building was arguably New York City's first skyscraper, and the first building with a steel skeleton structure. Architect Bradford Gilbert filed plans for its construction on April 17, 1888, it was completed on September 27, 1889 and demolished beginning in 1913. The location in Manhattan is given variously as 50 Broadway and 52 Broadway, going through to New Street. Though it was deep, the building had just",
"psg_id": "17829274"
},
{
"title": "Architecture of New York City",
"text": "new breed of green design skyscrapers in New York City. Hearst Tower is a glass and steel construction skyscraper which rests on the base of the original 1920s Hearst Corporation Building. Hearst Tower is easily identified by the dramatic interlocking triangular glass panels designed by British architect Lord Norman Foster. Hearst Tower is also the first skyscraper in New York City to be awarded the coveted Gold LEED Certified rating by the United States Green Building Council. The 15 tallest standard structures, which include those with the 10 highest antennae or radio towers (pinnacles) As New York City grew, it",
"psg_id": "7175129"
},
{
"title": "Gene Summers (architect)",
"text": "Gene Summers (architect) Gene Summers (July 31, 1928 – December 12, 2011) was an American modernist architect. Considered to have been Mies Van Der Rohe's \"right-hand man, he assisted his famed employer in the design of the iconic Seagram Building on Park Avenue on the island of Manhattan in New York City. Later, in private practice, he designed the huge McCormick Place convention center in Chicago, Illinois. Gene R. Summers was born in 1928 in San Antonio, Texas. He studied architecture at Texas A & M, where he received his bachelor's degree, and at the Illinois Institute of Technology under",
"psg_id": "16196157"
},
{
"title": "Mills Building (New York City)",
"text": "Mills Building (New York City) The Mills Building was a 10-story structure that stood at 15 Broad Street and Exchange Place in Manhattan, with an \"L\" to 35 Wall Street. It adjoined the building that was the home of Equitable Trust Company. It also adjoined the J. P. Morgan & Company Building on both Broad and Wall streets. George B. Post was the architect of the edifice. D.O. Mills, a San Francisco, California banker, owned the property. Mills built a palatial home in New York City, while maintaining a lovely villa in Millbrae, California. The Mills Building was completed in",
"psg_id": "13587024"
},
{
"title": "Rochester City Hall (New York)",
"text": "Rochester City Hall (New York) Rochester City Hall is a historic government building in Rochester in Monroe County, New York. Also known as the Federal Building and Old Post Office, the building was originally built for use by the federal government. It is a four-story, Richardsonian Romanesque style structure with an inner court and tower. It was built between 1885 and 1889 of heavy brown sandstone with a metal skeleton. It was expanded in 1893 and in 1907. The building was designed in part by architect Harvey Ellis under the Office of the Supervising Architect Mifflin E. Bell. The building",
"psg_id": "13952518"
},
{
"title": "Tower Building (New York City)",
"text": "Tower Building (New York City) The Tower Building was arguably New York City's first skyscraper, and the first building with a steel skeleton structure. Architect Bradford Gilbert filed plans for its construction on April 17, 1888, it was completed on September 27, 1889 and demolished beginning in 1913. The location in Manhattan is given variously as 50 Broadway and 52 Broadway, going through to New Street. Though it was deep, the building had just of frontage on Broadway, necessitating its novel design. Chicago's Home Insurance Building (completed 1884) was the first to use structural steel, but that building did not",
"psg_id": "17829271"
},
{
"title": "Old New York Evening Post Building",
"text": "York City landmark in 1965, and was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977. The New York Landmarks Preservation Commission was headquartered in the building from 1980 to 1987. Notes Old New York Evening Post Building The Old \"New York Evening Post\" Building is the former office and printing plant of the \"New York Evening Post\" newspaper located at 20 Vesey Street between Church Street and Broadway in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1906-07 and was designed by architect Robert D. Kohn for Oswald Garrison Villard, who owned the Post",
"psg_id": "14353331"
},
{
"title": "Lisa Seagram",
"text": "Lisa Seagram Lisa Seagram (born July 7, 1936 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in \"Yellow: Le Cugine\" (1969), \"The Carpetbaggers\" (1964) and \"Caprice\" (1967). Seagram is the daughter of Harry Brower, a New York City police detective. She worked as a graphic artist after graduating from college. Acting on a friend's suggestion, she began working as a model. After someone suggested that she \"looked like an actor\", she studied drama for three years, which led to a small role in \"Shadows\" (1959). After retiring from acting, Seagram first sold commercial",
"psg_id": "20018800"
},
{
"title": "The Majestic (New York City)",
"text": "The Majestic (New York City) The Majestic (or Majestic Apartments) is a twin-towered skyscraper housing cooperative located at 115 Central Park West between 71st Street and 72nd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The steel framed building was constructed in 1930–1931 and designed in the Art Deco style by architect and real estate developer Irwin S. Chanin with the assistance of his French associate, Jacques Delamarre. The futuristic sculptures on the building's facade are by Rene Chambellan. The building was originally planned to be a 45-story hotel, but the plans were changed midway through construction due to the Great Depression",
"psg_id": "8675403"
},
{
"title": "Studio Building (New York City)",
"text": "Studio Building (New York City) The Studio Building is located on 131 East 66th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. This Italian Renaissance-inspired building was constructed in 1905-06 as a cooperative apartment house. Designed by Charles A. Platt, who resided here from 1906 until his death in 1933, the building expresses the architect's highly individualistic style. Crowned by an elaborate projecting cornice, the limestone elevations are proportioned and feature a rhythmic grouping of windows. The two entrances are distinguished by massive columns and broken pediments. A Designated Landmark plaque was fixed by the New York",
"psg_id": "14460178"
},
{
"title": "The Majestic (New York City)",
"text": "the Majestic in a failed assassination attempt. Louis \"Lepke\" Buchalter, a founding member of the New York syndicate, along with Meyer Lansky and Lucky Luciano, and head of its security arm, Murder, Inc., lived in apartment 17J in 1933. Notes Bibliography The Majestic (New York City) The Majestic (or Majestic Apartments) is a twin-towered skyscraper housing cooperative located at 115 Central Park West between 71st Street and 72nd Street in Manhattan, New York City. The steel framed building was constructed in 1930–1931 and designed in the Art Deco style by architect and real estate developer Irwin S. Chanin with the",
"psg_id": "8675406"
},
{
"title": "New York Life Building",
"text": "Gilbert skyscraper in Manhattan. From 1837–1889, the site was occupied by the Union Depot of the New York and Harlem and the New York and New Haven Railroads, a concert garden, and P.T. Barnums Hippodrome. Until 1925, the site housed the first two Madison Square Gardens, the second one designed by architect Stanford White. The building was completed in 1928 after two years of construction at the cost of $21 million. It combines streamlined Gothic details and distinctly Moderne massing. The gold pyramid at the top consists of 25,000 gold-leaf tiles. The building was designated an official New York City",
"psg_id": "10670984"
},
{
"title": "New Era Building (New York City)",
"text": "and iron ornamentation, culminating in three large arches at the sixth floor. This is topped with a two-story copper fronted mansard roof, now coated with verdigris, reminiscent of Parisian architecture. The building is served by a freight elevator and two passenger elevators. Average floor size is . The building goes through the block west of Broadway so that it also fronts on Mercer Street, which is parallel to Broadway. Sources differ as to the architect, developer, and year of construction. The New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission, in its 1973 report on the SoHo-Cast Iron Historic District, says the building,",
"psg_id": "15777740"
},
{
"title": "Bennett Building (New York City)",
"text": "Bennett Building (New York City) The Bennett Building is a landmark structure in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City The building is located along Nassau Street, for the entire block from Fulton Street to Ann Street. Having frontage on all three streets, it has three street addresses: 93-99 Nassau Street, 139 Fulton Street, and 30 Ann Street. Its key feature is a fully realized cast-iron facade, the largest known such example. The building's three fully designed facades face Fulton, Nassau, and Ann Streets. The fourth side, facing an adjacent property, has a mostly blank facade. The building",
"psg_id": "20080920"
},
{
"title": "Cary Building (New York City)",
"text": "Cary Building (New York City) The Cary Building at 105-107 Chambers Street, extending along Church Street to Reade Street, in the Tribeca neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City, was built in 1856-1857 and was designed by Gamaliel King and John Kellum (\"King & Kellum\") in the Italian Renaissance revival style, with the cast-iron facade provided by Daniel D. Badger's Architectural Iron Work. The five-story twin-facaded building was constructed for William H. Cary's Cary, Howard & Sanger, a dry goods firm. Although built as a commercial structure, the Cary Building is now residential. As a result of the widening of Church",
"psg_id": "11251972"
},
{
"title": "Studio Building (New York City)",
"text": "Landmarks Preservation Foundation in 2006. Studio Building (New York City) The Studio Building is located on 131 East 66th Street on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, New York City. This Italian Renaissance-inspired building was constructed in 1905-06 as a cooperative apartment house. Designed by Charles A. Platt, who resided here from 1906 until his death in 1933, the building expresses the architect's highly individualistic style. Crowned by an elaborate projecting cornice, the limestone elevations are proportioned and feature a rhythmic grouping of windows. The two entrances are distinguished by massive columns and broken pediments. A Designated Landmark plaque was",
"psg_id": "14460179"
},
{
"title": "Cable Building (New York City)",
"text": "Fifth Avenue at 36th Street in Murray Hill, for which Stanford White as also the partner-in-charge; and the New York Life Building in Kansas City, Missouri, which was fully replicated in Omaha, Nebraska as the Omaha National Bank Building. The latter two buildings are believed to be the only example in the McKim, Mead & White portfolio where one set of plans spawned two identical buildings. Of the twenty-nine American cities that built cable traction systems between 1870 and 1900 along with their accompanying cable powerhouses, this is the only powerhouse that was built by an architect of such stature,",
"psg_id": "17901806"
},
{
"title": "Old New York Evening Post Building",
"text": "Old New York Evening Post Building The Old \"New York Evening Post\" Building is the former office and printing plant of the \"New York Evening Post\" newspaper located at 20 Vesey Street between Church Street and Broadway in the Financial District of Manhattan, New York City. It was built in 1906-07 and was designed by architect Robert D. Kohn for Oswald Garrison Villard, who owned the Post at the time, and is considered to be \"one of the few outstanding Art nouveau buildings\" ever constructed in the United States. The fourteen-story, stone-veneer building is \"reminiscent of the buildings that line",
"psg_id": "14353329"
},
{
"title": "Bennett Building (New York City)",
"text": "is a ten-story (plus penthouse) cast-iron loft building. It was originally seven stories, with a smaller footprint. It was commissioned by James Gordon Bennett Jr., the publisher of the \"New York Herald\" newspaper. The architect was Arthur D. Gilman, and is his only remaining work in Manhattan. He designed it in the French Second Empire style. Constructed in 1872-73 at six stories, the mansard roof was removed and three floors and a penthouse were added in 1890-92 by James M. Farnsworth for the building's new owner, John Petit. In 1894, Farnsworth constructed an extension of the building to Ann Street.",
"psg_id": "20080921"
},
{
"title": "Lenox Library (New York City)",
"text": "also for sale in the same auction. It has since sold to New York collectors Judy and Michael Steinhardt for an undisclosed amount, but for no less than $5 million. Lenox Library (New York City) The Lenox Library was a library incorporated and endowed in 1870. It was both an architectural and intellectual landmark in Gilded Age-era New York City. It was founded by bibliophile and philanthropist James Lenox, and located on Fifth Avenue between 70th and 71th Streets. Renowned architect Richard Morris Hunt designed the building, which was considered one of the city's most notable buildings, until its destruction",
"psg_id": "16856784"
},
{
"title": "City Hall Post Office and Courthouse (New York City)",
"text": "City Hall Post Office and Courthouse (New York City) The City Hall Post Office and Courthouse was a building designed by the architect Alfred B. Mullett for a triangular site in New York City along Broadway in Civic Center, lower Manhattan, across City Hall Park from New York City Hall. The Second Empire style building, built between 1869 and 1880, was not well received. Commonly called \"Mullett's Monstrosity\", it was demolished in 1939 and the site was used to extend City Hall Park to the south. Since 1845, the city's main post office had been located in the Middle Dutch",
"psg_id": "13315517"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Museum",
"text": "Seagram Museum The Seagram Museum was a museum in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, preserving the heritage of the once venerable Canadian distillery Seagram. Located at 57 Erb Street West, it operated from May 1984 to March 1997. Designed by architect Barton Myers, it was built at a cost of $4.75 million and its entrance was a renovated late-19th century rack warehouse from the Seagram plant. It had a variety of exhibits illustrating everyday life in the liquor distillery in the late 19th and early 20th century. The company closed its Waterloo plant in 1992, and the museum continued to operate for",
"psg_id": "3431795"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "prominently as Marlo Thomas walks past. The building is featured prominently in the film \"Baby Boom\" as J.C. Wyatt's (Diane Keaton) office building. In Ira Levin's book \"Rosemary's Baby\", Hutch asks Rosemary to meet him in front of the Seagram Building, apparently to warn her of the Castevets' nefarious nature. In the first scene of the 1959 film, \"The Best of Everything\", Caroline (Hope Lange) is reading a \"Help Wanted - Female\" ad in the paper which shows the real-life address of the Seagram's Building in front of which she is standing and later goes to work. The building is",
"psg_id": "2208420"
},
{
"title": "Mills Building (New York City)",
"text": "Construction was to begin in the spring of 1926, with completion in the spring of 1928 at 15 Broad Street. Mills Building (New York City) The Mills Building was a 10-story structure that stood at 15 Broad Street and Exchange Place in Manhattan, with an \"L\" to 35 Wall Street. It adjoined the building that was the home of Equitable Trust Company. It also adjoined the J. P. Morgan & Company Building on both Broad and Wall streets. George B. Post was the architect of the edifice. D.O. Mills, a San Francisco, California banker, owned the property. Mills built a",
"psg_id": "13587027"
},
{
"title": "New York City Hall",
"text": "The first prize of $350 was awarded to Joseph-François Mangin and John McComb Jr. Mangin, who was the principal designer, studied architecture in his native France before becoming a New York City surveyor in 1795 and publishing an official map of the city in 1803. Mangin was also the architect of the landmark St. Patrick's Old Cathedral on Mulberry Street. McComb, whose father had worked on the old City Hall, was a New Yorker and designed Castle Clinton in Battery Park. He would supervise the construction of the building, and designed the architectural detailing as well. Also, many architects were",
"psg_id": "1960606"
},
{
"title": "Lenox Library (New York City)",
"text": "Lenox Library (New York City) The Lenox Library was a library incorporated and endowed in 1870. It was both an architectural and intellectual landmark in Gilded Age-era New York City. It was founded by bibliophile and philanthropist James Lenox, and located on Fifth Avenue between 70th and 71th Streets. Renowned architect Richard Morris Hunt designed the building, which was considered one of the city's most notable buildings, until its destruction in 1912. The library’s collection was unsurpassed in its collection of Bibles, and included the first Gutenberg Bible to cross the Atlantic. It was also known for its collection of",
"psg_id": "16856770"
},
{
"title": "Lisa Seagram",
"text": "real estate. In the 1980s, she created Actors 2000, teaching acting in Hawaii. She later moved the school to Los Angeles. Lisa Seagram Lisa Seagram (born July 7, 1936 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American actress. She is best known for her roles in \"Yellow: Le Cugine\" (1969), \"The Carpetbaggers\" (1964) and \"Caprice\" (1967). Seagram is the daughter of Harry Brower, a New York City police detective. She worked as a graphic artist after graduating from college. Acting on a friend's suggestion, she began working as a model. After someone suggested that she \"looked like an actor\", she studied",
"psg_id": "20018801"
},
{
"title": "Germania Bank Building (New York City)",
"text": "the second half of the nineteenth century. German immigrants contributed greatly to New York City by establishing churches, synagogues, and other cultural organizations, as well as creating their own banking, savings, and loan institutions, such as the Germania Bank. They also opened architectural firms and construction companies. Architect Robert Maynicke, who was of German birth, attended Cooper Union, about ten blocks to the north of this building, and worked for the noted architect George B. Post before co-founding the firm Maynicke & Franke in 1895. The Germania Bank building is considered to be one of his most important designs. Marc",
"psg_id": "15709569"
},
{
"title": "New York Life Building",
"text": "New York Life Building The New York Life Insurance Building, New York, located at 51 Madison Avenue, Manhattan, New York City, across from Madison Square Park, is the headquarters of the New York Life Insurance Company. Designed in 1926 by Cass Gilbert, who also designed the landmark Woolworth Building, the massive building rises forty stories to its pyramidal gilded roof while occupying the full block between 26th Street, 27th Street, Madison Avenue and Park Avenue South, a rarity in Manhattan. The New York Life Building stands tall and contains 40 floors. Inspired by Salisbury Cathedral, it was the last significant",
"psg_id": "10670983"
},
{
"title": "Albany City Savings Bank Building",
"text": "Albany City Savings Bank Building The Albany City Savings Bank Building, also known as the Home and City Savings Bank, is located at 100 State Street and was the first skyscraper built in Albany, New York. It is the city's 11th tallest building today. It is a ten-story brick, granite, and terra-cotta structure located within the City of Albany's Central Business District. Designed by the famed architect Marcus T. Reynolds, 100 State Street is a mixed-use retail and office building. The original building located at 100 State Street was designed in 1901 by architect Marcus T. Reynolds, who has been",
"psg_id": "16317948"
},
{
"title": "Cable Building (New York City)",
"text": "Company sold the building in 1925, and it was soon occupied by small businesses and manufacturers. From the 1940s to 1970s, the Cable Building housed mainly garment makers, which was the prevailing use in that area at the time. It was converted back to offices in 1983, with new ground-floor storefronts. M. D. Carlisle Real Estate has owned The Cable Building since 1985. The basement space that originally contained the cable powerhouse became the Angelika Film Center. They operate a multi-screen theater, which specializes in art house films. It was designed by architect Igor Josza and built by contractor Don",
"psg_id": "17901811"
},
{
"title": "Seagram",
"text": "and reassembled it in LaSalle, Quebec. The Bronfmans shipped liquor from Canada to the French-controlled overseas collectivity Saint Pierre and Miquelon off the then-Dominion of Newfoundland, which was then shipped by bootleggers to Rum rows in New York, New Jersey and other states. In 1928, a few years after the death of Joseph E. Seagram (1919), the Distillers Corporation acquired Joseph E. Seagram & Sons from heir and President Edward F. Seagram; the merged company retained the Seagram name. The company was well prepared for the end of Prohibition in 1933 with an ample stock of aged whiskeys ready to",
"psg_id": "1865859"
},
{
"title": "New York, Westchester and Boston Railroad Administration Building",
"text": "in 1980. It is the only free-standing National Register building that serves as the entrance to a New York City subway station. The offices on the building's upper floors house employees in the New York Transit Authority's rapid transit operations, signals and structures divisions. The original architect of the building was Alfred T. Fellheimer, who also worked on the Grand Central Terminal. Fellheimer designed it to resemble an Italian villa. The New York City Transit Authority budgeted $66.6 million for renovation of the structure in 2012. The renovation project was a collective effort, led by Lee Harris Pomeroy Architects in",
"psg_id": "14660526"
},
{
"title": "Philip Johnson",
"text": "the Museum of Modern Art in New York. Johnson joined Mies van der Rohe as the New York associate architect for the 39-story Seagram Building (1956). Johnson was pivotal in steering the commission towards Mies by working with Phyllis Lambert, the daughter of the CEO of Seagram. The commission resulted in the iconic bronze-and-glass tower on Park Avenue. The building was designed by Mies.The interiors of the Four Seasons and Brasserie restaurants were designed by Johnson Following the Seagram Building He built several smaller projects in a more personal, expressive style, with ornament touches and features far from the sobriety",
"psg_id": "640993"
},
{
"title": "Architecture of New York City",
"text": "a phrase from scripture that reads \"\"Wisdom and Knowledge shall be the stability of thy times\"\", originally found in the Book of Isaiah, 33:6. The International Style was a groundbreaking exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art that completely changed the face of architecture in New York and the world. Mies Van Der Rohe, a focus of the show, later built the Seagram Building on Park Ave at 53rd Street. One of the most important buildings for modern architecture, the Seagram Building transformed its midtown site, the development of tall buildings, and the history of architecture. Other architects replicated details",
"psg_id": "7175122"
},
{
"title": "Parker Building (New York City)",
"text": "Don Marcello Massaranti collection of Italian art on the 10th floor of the Parker Building in July 1902. As of August 1904 the art collection continued to be exhibited there. Henry Walters bought the collection for $1,000,000 in Rome, Italy, in 1902. He eventually moved the art to his own gallery at Charles and Centre Streets in Baltimore, Maryland. The building was designed by architects Delano and Aldrich of New York City. It became the Walters Art Museum. The Parker Building was sold by the John H. Parker Company through the C.E. Harrell & Company. The Parker Building was purchased",
"psg_id": "12474154"
},
{
"title": "Seagram Building",
"text": "buildings externally. It was a style that argued that the functional utility of the building's structural elements when made visible, could supplant a formal decorative articulation; and more honestly converse with the public than any system of applied ornamentation. A building's structural elements should be visible, Mies thought. The Seagram Building, like virtually all large buildings of the time, was built of a steel frame, from which non-structural glass walls were hung. Mies would have preferred the steel frame to be visible to all; however, American building codes required that all structural steel be covered in a fireproof material, usually",
"psg_id": "2208412"
},
{
"title": "The Players (New York City)",
"text": "The Players (New York City) The Players, or the Players Club, is a private social club founded in New York City by the noted 19th-century Shakespearean actor Edwin Booth. In 1888, Booth purchased an 1847 mansion at 16 Gramercy Park, reserved an upper floor for his residence, and turned the rest into a clubhouse. The building's interior and part of its exterior were designed by architect Stanford White; its entryway gaslights are among the few remaining examples in New York City. It is reportedly the oldest club in its original clubhouse and was named a National Historic Landmark in 1962.",
"psg_id": "9623785"
},
{
"title": "Cary Building (New York City)",
"text": "Street in the 1920s, a 200-foot-long wall of unadorned brick is now exposed on the east side of the building; as Christopher Gray observed in \"The New York Times\", comparing the structure to cast-iron buildings with facades obscured by modern signage, \"There is not too little of the Cary Building but too much.\" The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1982, and was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in 1983. The building was once home to The New York Sun. Cary Building (New York City) The Cary Building at 105-107 Chambers Street, extending",
"psg_id": "11251973"
},
{
"title": "New York City",
"text": "61st floor on the Chrysler Building, and are considered some of the finest examples of the Art Deco style. A highly influential example of the international style in the United States is the Seagram Building (1957), distinctive for its façade using visible bronze-toned I-beams to evoke the building's structure. The Condé Nast Building (2000) is a prominent example of green design in American skyscrapers and has received an award from the American Institute of Architects and AIA New York State for its design. The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and",
"psg_id": "3105204"
},
{
"title": "New York Life Building (Kansas City, Missouri)",
"text": "amidst other, historic structures: it is across Ninth Street from the Kansas City Club and just down Baltimore Avenue from the Central Library. The building was designed in 1885 by Frederick Elmer Hill of the New York City architecture firm of McKim, Mead & White. Hill, who graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1882, came to Kansas City in 1885 initially to oversee the construction of his design but ended up staying until 1901, during which time he designed some other notable buildings. From 1893 until 1895, he was involved in the design and construction of what is",
"psg_id": "11414922"
},
{
"title": "Ambassador Theatre (New York City)",
"text": "Ambassador Theatre (New York City) The Ambassador Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 219 West 49th Street between Broadway and 8th Avenue in Midtown Manhattan. Designed by architect Herbert J. Krapp for the Shuberts, the structure is noteworthy in that it is situated diagonally on its site to fit the maximum number of seats possible. Its external appearance, indistinguishable from many other Broadway houses, does not hint at the unusual layout within. The building has been designated a New York City landmark. The theatre's proscenium opening is with a grid height of . The theatre opened on February 11,",
"psg_id": "7366388"
},
{
"title": "United States Post Office (Garden City, New York)",
"text": "listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. United States Post Office (Garden City, New York) US Post Office-Garden City is a historic post office building located at Garden City in the town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, United States. It was built in 1936 and designed by consulting architects Walker & Gillette for the Office of the Supervising Architect. It is a one-story, square brick building on a granite in the Classical Revival style. The lobby features a 1937 mural by J. Theodore Johnson titled \"Huckleberry Frolic.\" On December 24, 1987, the building was named in",
"psg_id": "14963230"
},
{
"title": "United States Post Office (Garden City, New York)",
"text": "United States Post Office (Garden City, New York) US Post Office-Garden City is a historic post office building located at Garden City in the town of Hempstead, Nassau County, New York, United States. It was built in 1936 and designed by consulting architects Walker & Gillette for the Office of the Supervising Architect. It is a one-story, square brick building on a granite in the Classical Revival style. The lobby features a 1937 mural by J. Theodore Johnson titled \"Huckleberry Frolic.\" On December 24, 1987, the building was named in honor of former Congressman John W. Wydler (1924-1987). It was",
"psg_id": "14963229"
},
{
"title": "New York World Building",
"text": "New York World Building \"The New York World\" Building was a skyscraper in New York City designed by early skyscraper specialist George Browne Post and built in 1890 to house the now-defunct newspaper, \"The New York World\". It was razed in 1955. Construction of the New York World Building began October 10, 1889, at 53-63 Park Row, on the corner of Park Row and now-closed Frankfort Street. The building was completed December 10, 1890 and claimed a height of 20 stories, comparable to 16 or 18 stories by current standards. The \"New York World\" Building was also known as the",
"psg_id": "6065823"
},
{
"title": "New York Life Building (Kansas City, Missouri)",
"text": "Catholic Charities, totaling about 180 employees. The building was renamed the Catholic Center. New York Life Building (Kansas City, Missouri) The New York Life Building is a 12-story, high-rise in the Library District of downtown Kansas City, Missouri. The brick and brownstone tower, which was completed in 1890, generally is regarded as Kansas City's first skyscraper and was the first building in the city equipped with elevators. It was commissioned by the New York Life Insurance Company, which also used the same design for an identical building in Omaha that was completed in 1889. Several buildings around the world share",
"psg_id": "11414925"
},
{
"title": "New York Life Building (Kansas City, Missouri)",
"text": "New York Life Building (Kansas City, Missouri) The New York Life Building is a 12-story, high-rise in the Library District of downtown Kansas City, Missouri. The brick and brownstone tower, which was completed in 1890, generally is regarded as Kansas City's first skyscraper and was the first building in the city equipped with elevators. It was commissioned by the New York Life Insurance Company, which also used the same design for an identical building in Omaha that was completed in 1889. Several buildings around the world share its name. A centerpiece of the Library District neighborhood, the building is located",
"psg_id": "11414921"
},
{
"title": "New Era Building (New York City)",
"text": "the institute moved to 18 Wooster Street, nearby. New Era Building (New York City) The New Era Building is an 1893 Art Nouveau commercial loft building at 495 Broadway, between Spring Street and Broome Street, in the SoHo section of Manhattan in New York City. The eight-story brick and masonry building has been described as a \"gem\" and a gorgeous example of Art Nouveau architecture. Eschewing the then-popular Beaux Arts style, this is one of the few and possibly the earliest Art Nouveau building in Manhattan still standing. Four squat rounded Doric columns seem to support five stories with three",
"psg_id": "15777744"
},
{
"title": "New Era Building (New York City)",
"text": "New Era Building (New York City) The New Era Building is an 1893 Art Nouveau commercial loft building at 495 Broadway, between Spring Street and Broome Street, in the SoHo section of Manhattan in New York City. The eight-story brick and masonry building has been described as a \"gem\" and a gorgeous example of Art Nouveau architecture. Eschewing the then-popular Beaux Arts style, this is one of the few and possibly the earliest Art Nouveau building in Manhattan still standing. Four squat rounded Doric columns seem to support five stories with three vertical rows of large windows separated by brickwork",
"psg_id": "15777739"
},
{
"title": "St. Paul's School (Garden City, New York)",
"text": "St. Paul's School (Garden City, New York) St. Paul's School is a 500-room brick edifice in the Village of Garden City, New York, United States. As of 2010, the building is not currently used. St. Paul's was built by Cornelia Stewart, widow of Alexander Stewart, and dedicated in his honor. This building is of High Victorian Gothic design. The architect was William H Harris, who had also designed the Cathedral of the Incarnation. The cornerstone was laid on June 18, 1879, with attended by Cornelia Stewart, her brother Charles Clinch, executor of Alexander Stewart's estate, Judge Henry Hilton, and Bishop",
"psg_id": "3647314"
},
{
"title": "Cunard Building (New York City)",
"text": "as a ticketing hall ceased in 1968 and the building was sold in 1971. Its interior was converted to a post office, which remained in service until 2000. On September 19, 1995, the first floor interior, formerly Cunard's ticketing office, was designated a New York City landmark. The designation included the entrance vestibule and lobby, the passage to the Great Hall and the Hall up to the height of its rotunda. In 2014, the Great Hall was leased to Cipriani S.A. for the operation of an event venue. Cunard Building (New York City) The Cunard Building, also known as the",
"psg_id": "18389882"
},
{
"title": "House of the New York City Bar Association",
"text": "the acquisition of a large site between West 43rd and West 44th Streets for the construction of a new, larger building. The street, already home to the Harvard Club of New York and the Century Association, was considered by the members “specially adapted to our purposes” because of the other prominent clubs and societies in its vicinity. The prominent architect Cyrus L.W. Eidlitz, son of the influential New York architect Leopold Eidlitz, was commissioned to design the building. Eidlitz had designed a number of landmark buildings throughout the country, including Dearborn Station in Chicago, Buffalo & Erie County Public Library,",
"psg_id": "15060474"
},
{
"title": "Garfield Building (New York City)",
"text": "a restaurant and cafe'. The Garfield building was razed after a period of building inactivity following World War I. City departments were moved to a new Municipal Building and the Court Remsen Building. The latter was completed on May 1, 1925. Garfield Building (New York City) The Garfield Building was located at 26 Court Street and Remsen Street in Brooklyn, New York. It was built by contractor William Lamb, who was originally from Glasgow, Scotland. Together with his brother Thomas, the builders began their careers with the firm W&T Lamb, starting in 1861. The seven-story Garfield Building was offered in",
"psg_id": "13959116"
},
{
"title": "The New York Times Building",
"text": "The New York Times Building The New York Times Building is a skyscraper on the west side of Midtown Manhattan, New York City that was completed in 2007. Its chief tenant is The New York Times Company, publisher of \"The New York Times\" as well as the \"International New York Times\", and other newspapers. Construction was by a joint venture of The New York Times Company, Forest City Ratner (Forest City Enterprises's New York subsidiary), and ING Real Estate. , The New York Times Building is the eighth-tallest building in the city, tied with the Chrysler Building. The original newspaper",
"psg_id": "7277817"
},
{
"title": "City College of New York",
"text": "City College of New York The City College of the City University of New York (more commonly referred to as the City College of New York, or simply City College, CCNY, or City) is a public senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY) in New York City. Located in Hamilton Heights overlooking Harlem in Manhattan, City College's 35-acre (14 ha) Collegiate Gothic campus spans Convent Avenue from 130th to 141st Streets. It was initially designed by renowned architect George B. Post, and many of its buildings have achieved landmark status. Affectionately known as \"the Harvard of the",
"psg_id": "9140654"
},
{
"title": "New York Crystal Palace",
"text": "New York Crystal Palace New York Crystal Palace was an exhibition building constructed for the Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations in New York City in 1853, which was under the presidency of the mayor Jacob Aaron Westervelt. The building stood in Reservoir Square. New York City's 1853 Exhibition was held on a site behind the Croton Distributing Reservoir, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues on 42nd Street, in what is today Bryant Park in the borough of Manhattan. The New York Crystal Palace was designed by Georg Carstensen and German architect Charles Gildemeister, and was directly inspired by The",
"psg_id": "9160895"
},
{
"title": "Church of the Sacred Heart (Bronx, New York)",
"text": "Roman Catholic Church, in Shakespeare Avenue, between 168th and 169th Streets. The church is to occupy a plot 75 by '280, and the rectory 25 by 280, the total cost being placed at $590,000 by the architect, Elliott Lynch.\" Church of the Sacred Heart (Bronx, New York) The Church of the Sacred Heart is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 1253 Shakespeare Avenue (West 168 Street), Bronx, New York City 10452. The church building was designed by architect Elliott Lynch, who designed several other Catholic churches and parish schools. The church",
"psg_id": "14276838"
},
{
"title": "Bennett Building (New York City)",
"text": "In both cases, Farnsworth's additions carefully followed Gilman's original design. On November 21, 1995, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission designated the building a New York City landmark. The Bennett Building is the tallest building in the world with an entirely cast-iron facade. In 1916, the Maiden Lane Historical Society erected a plaque on the building that reads: <poem>Nassau Street Known originally as “The Street that Runs by the Pye Woman” And was named in honor of The House of Nassau Whose head at the time was William the Third King of England And sometime Stadtholder of the Dutch",
"psg_id": "20080922"
},
{
"title": "Cable Building (New York City)",
"text": "Schimenti in 1989. Part of the ground floor and all of the second floor has been occupied since 2002 by a 40,217 square-foot Crate & Barrel store. Offices tenant the other seven floors. The building was designated as part of the NoHo Historic District in 1999 by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. The report stated: However, the Cable Building is not currently listed in its own right on the National Register of Historic Places. Cable Building (New York City) The Cable Building is located at 611 Broadway at the northwest corner with Houston Street in NoHo and Greenwich",
"psg_id": "17901812"
},
{
"title": "Cable Building (New York City)",
"text": "at 900 Broadway, which Christopher Gray, writing in the New York Times called a \"sleek, sophisticated amalgam of industrial-style brickwork\"; and the long-gone 1890 Hotel Imperial, also built for the Goelet family, at Broadway and 32nd Street. Stanford White was the partner in charge for both of these projects for the family and was a close friend. The Cable Building's dual use as both a major powerhouse and an approximately 140,000 square-foot modern office building appears unique in the McKim, Mead & White portfolio. The firm, however, designed two other significant power house structures, both in New York State: the",
"psg_id": "17901804"
},
{
"title": "Princess Theatre (New York City, 1913–1955)",
"text": "in 1955, the little theatre was torn down, replaced by an office building. Princess Theatre (New York City, 1913–1955) The Princess Theatre was a joint venture between the Shubert Brothers, producer Ray Comstock, theatrical agent Elisabeth Marbury and actor-director Holbrook Blinn. Built on a narrow slice of land located at 104-106 West 39th Street, just off Sixth Avenue in New York City, and seating just 299 people, it was one of the smallest Broadway theatres when it opened in early 1913. The architect was William A. Swasey, who designed the Winter Garden Theatre two years earlier. Though small, the theatre",
"psg_id": "7470922"
},
{
"title": "Orleans Tower",
"text": "Orleans Tower Orleans Tower (formerly Amoco Building), located at 1340 Poydras Street in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana, is a 20-story, skyscraper designed in the international style by 3D/International. The international style grew in popularity during the sixties and seventies after the world-renowned architect Mies Van Der Rohe designed the Seagram Building on Park Ave in New York City and Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill designed the Sears Tower in the heart of downtown Chicago. The building is primarily used for leaseable office space, with some retail space on the ground level. The design of the building can",
"psg_id": "9960068"
},
{
"title": "Gene Summers (architect)",
"text": "Mies van der Rohe, where he received his master's degree in 1951. From 1950 until 1966 Summers served as project architect for Mies van der Rohe, working on important commissions such as the Seagram Building in New York City and the National Gallery in Berlin. In 1967 he became partner in charge of design in the Chicago architectural firm of C. F. Murphy Associates, where he remained until 1973. His best-known project from that time, the McCormick Place convention center in Chicago, was completed in 1970. From 1973 until 1985 Summers, in association with Phyllis Lambert, worked as a real",
"psg_id": "16196158"
},
{
"title": "Cable Building (New York City)",
"text": "Cable Building (New York City) The Cable Building is located at 611 Broadway at the northwest corner with Houston Street in NoHo and Greenwich Village, in Manhattan, New York City. Since it spans a block, the Cable Building also has addresses of 2-18 West Houston Street and 178-188 Mercer Street. The Cable Building was built in 1892-1894. It is a steel and iron frame structure with brick, stone, and terra-cotta facing. It has a limestone base with a two-story arcade featuring show windows graced by iron spandrels and elegant keystones. It also has a prominent copper cornice with lions' faces,",
"psg_id": "17901798"
},
{
"title": "City Architect of Birmingham",
"text": "the council’s building maintenance division, and the once prestigious and influential department effectively ceased to exist. City Architect of Birmingham The City Architect of Birmingham was a high-ranking position within the Public Works department of Birmingham City Council and provided the holder with a lot of power in the planning decisions of Birmingham, especially in the post-war period in which Birmingham underwent enormous regeneration. Combined with the City Engineer position, which was held by Sir Herbert Manzoni, the City Architect designed or had an important say in all city council building projects. The position was created in the 1950s by",
"psg_id": "12827630"
},
{
"title": "City Architect of Birmingham",
"text": "City Architect of Birmingham The City Architect of Birmingham was a high-ranking position within the Public Works department of Birmingham City Council and provided the holder with a lot of power in the planning decisions of Birmingham, especially in the post-war period in which Birmingham underwent enormous regeneration. Combined with the City Engineer position, which was held by Sir Herbert Manzoni, the City Architect designed or had an important say in all city council building projects. The position was created in the 1950s by the Public Works department to assist the design and construction of large building projects that were",
"psg_id": "12827604"
},
{
"title": "Old Nassau County Courthouse (New York)",
"text": "a ceremony to celebrate the building which now will be known as the Theodore Roosevelt Executive and Legislative Building. Old Nassau County Courthouse (New York) The Old Nassau County Courthouse, also known as the Nassau County Courthouse and the Historic Nassau County Courthouse, is an historic 2-story courthouse building located at 1550 Franklin Avenue in Garden City, Nassau County, New York. Designed by noted New York City architect William B. Tubby in the Classical Revival style of architecture with a grand rotunda capped by a white dome, it was built of poured-in-place reinforced concrete. Then governor Theodore Roosevelt laid its",
"psg_id": "14785124"
},
{
"title": "Bennett Building (New York City)",
"text": "Republic Nassau Street became identified with The jewelry trade More than half a century ago.</poem> The building's vertical layout includes: Informational notes Citations Bennett Building (New York City) The Bennett Building is a landmark structure in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City The building is located along Nassau Street, for the entire block from Fulton Street to Ann Street. Having frontage on all three streets, it has three street addresses: 93-99 Nassau Street, 139 Fulton Street, and 30 Ann Street. Its key feature is a fully realized cast-iron facade, the largest known such example. The building's three",
"psg_id": "20080923"
},
{
"title": "The New York Times Building",
"text": "the site was assembled, it was leased to The New York Times Company and Forest City Ratner for $85.6 million over 99 years (considerably below market value). Additionally, The New York Times Company received $26.1 million in tax breaks. The \"Times\" itself occupies 628,000 square feet on the 2nd to 21st floors, with the remainder leased to tenants. On December 16, 2016, \"The New York Times\" announced that it was vacating at least 8 of the floors in order to generate rental income. The tower was designed by Renzo Piano Building Workshop and FXFOWLE Architects, with Gensler providing interior design.",
"psg_id": "7277821"
},
{
"title": "Candler Building (New York City)",
"text": "Candler Building (New York City) The Candler Building is a historic skyscraper located in Times Square, Manhattan, New York, New York. The Candler Building was built between 1912 and 1914 by Coca-Cola magnate Asa Griggs Candler of Atlanta. It consists of a five bay, 24-story section fronting on 42nd street and a three bay, 17-story section fronting on 41st street. The main facade on 42nd street consists of a three-story base, a midsection from the fourth through 17th story, and a crown from the 18th to 24th story. It features white terra cotta a round arched windows on the 42nd",
"psg_id": "12520098"
},
{
"title": "Candler Building (New York City)",
"text": "Places in 1982. Candler Building (New York City) The Candler Building is a historic skyscraper located in Times Square, Manhattan, New York, New York. The Candler Building was built between 1912 and 1914 by Coca-Cola magnate Asa Griggs Candler of Atlanta. It consists of a five bay, 24-story section fronting on 42nd street and a three bay, 17-story section fronting on 41st street. The main facade on 42nd street consists of a three-story base, a midsection from the fourth through 17th story, and a crown from the 18th to 24th story. It features white terra cotta a round arched windows",
"psg_id": "12520100"
},
{
"title": "New York City Center",
"text": "contribute $3 million to the City Opera and $3 million to the City Ballet, which covered the purchase of the air rights ... and to spend $5.5 million to renovate the theater in exchange for the 20 percent space bonus.\" The renovations were designed by the architect Bernard Rothzeid. In 1994, New York City Center launched its first Encores! Great American Musicals in Concert productions. The popular series, which continues to this day, spawned the Broadway revivals of \"Chicago\", \"Wonderful Town\", \"The Apple Tree\", \"Gypsy\" (2008), and \"Finian's Rainbow\". Those Broadway productions were produced independently of City Center, but with",
"psg_id": "15342863"
},
{
"title": "Union Club of the City of New York",
"text": "Union Club of the City of New York The Union Club of the City of New York (commonly referred to as the Union Club) is a private club in New York City, founded in 1836. It is located at East 69th Street and Park Avenue in a landmark building designed by Delano & Aldrich that opened on August 28, 1933. The Union Club is the oldest private club in New York City and the third oldest in the United States, after The Old Colony Club, in Plymouth, Massachusetts, which was founded in 1769, and the Philadelphia Club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,",
"psg_id": "7850344"
},
{
"title": "The New York Times Building",
"text": "The lighting design for the building's nighttime identity was designed by the Office for Visual Interaction Inc. The tower rises from the street to its roof, with the exterior curtain wall extending higher to , and a mast rising to . , the building was tied with the Chrysler Building as the fourth-tallest building in New York City, due to the unfinished One World Trade Center exceeding their height. The tower is also the tenth-tallest building in the United States. The steel-framed building, cruciform in plan, has a screen of \" (41.3 mm) ceramic rods mounted on the exterior of",
"psg_id": "7277822"
},
{
"title": "Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854)",
"text": "Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New York City (1854) Madison Square Presbyterian Church was a Presbyterian church in Manhattan, New York City, located on Madison Square Park at the southeast corner of East 24th Street and Madison Avenue. Construction on the church began in 1853 and was completed in 1854. It was designed by Richard M. Upjohn, the son of noted architect Richard Upjohn, in the Gothic Revival architectural style. The congregation's original building was acquired by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and was demolished in 1909 to make way for the 48-story Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower. In exchange, the",
"psg_id": "14341461"
},
{
"title": "Parker Building (New York City)",
"text": "Parker Building. Mihran Karagheusian was threatened by Parseg Nevrovzyan several months prior to the fire. Nevrovzyan vowed to inflict $200,000 in damages to the Karagheusian business, but did not name the Parker Building in making his threat. Nevrovzyan was arrested. He promised to reveal to the Turkish government a revolutionary plot which he claimed Karagheusian's brother, Arshag, was interested in. Arshag resided in Constantinople. Parker Building (New York City) The Parker Building was a 12-story office and loft structure completed in 1900 at the southeast corner of Fourth Avenue and 19th Street, in Manhattan. The edifice occupied ground which was",
"psg_id": "12474157"
},
{
"title": "Madison Green (New York City)",
"text": "the mid-1970s, when the neighborhood, now known as the Flatiron District, was at its nadir, it was announced that an apartment building would be built on the site, but the building was not actually constructed until 1982, signalling a change in the area's fortunes. The building was designed by Philip Birnbaum, with interior public spaces designed by David Kenneth Spector. Madison Green (New York City) Madison Green is a 31-story, 424-unit condominium apartment building located on the corner of East 23rd Street and Broadway, across from Madison Square, in the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. The building's",
"psg_id": "15371430"
},
{
"title": "Shubert Theatre (New York City)",
"text": "In \"Brian's Play\", an episode of the animated TV series \"Family Guy\", Stewie Griffin's play \"An American Marriage\" is poorly received after being staged at the Shubert Theatre. Shubert Theatre (New York City) The Shubert Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 225 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Henry Beaumont Herts, it was named after Sam S. Shubert, the second oldest of the three brothers of the theatrical producing family. It shares a Venetian Renaissance facade with the adjoining Booth Theatre, which was constructed at the same time, although the two have distinctly",
"psg_id": "6279520"
},
{
"title": "Shubert Theatre (New York City)",
"text": "Shubert Theatre (New York City) The Shubert Theatre is a Broadway theatre located at 225 West 44th Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Designed by architect Henry Beaumont Herts, it was named after Sam S. Shubert, the second oldest of the three brothers of the theatrical producing family. It shares a Venetian Renaissance facade with the adjoining Booth Theatre, which was constructed at the same time, although the two have distinctly different interiors. The two theatres are connected by a private road/sidewalk, \"Shubert Alley\". It opened on October 2, 1913 with Hamlet, starring Sir John Forbes-Robertson, followed by the",
"psg_id": "6279517"
},
{
"title": "New York County Courthouse",
"text": "I. It replaced the former New York County Courthouse on Chambers Street, popularly known as the Tweed Courthouse. Both the interior and exterior are New York City Landmarks. The selection of the article was done by a design competition, which was won by Boston architect Guy Lowell in 1913. Lowell originally proposed a circular building, to be built at the vastly expensive sum of $20 to $30 million. Construction was delayed by World War I and the design was remade as a smaller and less expensive hexagonal building—a Temple of Justice. The building was designed in the Roman classical style.",
"psg_id": "15520341"
},
{
"title": "Church of the Sacred Heart (Bronx, New York)",
"text": "Church of the Sacred Heart (Bronx, New York) The Church of the Sacred Heart is a Roman Catholic parish church in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York, located at 1253 Shakespeare Avenue (West 168 Street), Bronx, New York City 10452. The church building was designed by architect Elliott Lynch, who designed several other Catholic churches and parish schools. The church is connected with a school of the same name. The \"New York Times\" reported in 1910: \"New Bronx Church: Plans were filed for a new brick church and rectory to replace the present frame edifices of the Sacred Heart",
"psg_id": "14276837"
},
{
"title": "LaSalle City Building",
"text": "LaSalle City Building The LaSalle City Building is the historic civic hall building in LaSalle, Illinois, United States. Completed in 1907, the hall exemplifies early 20th-century trends in city management. The idea of a new city building for LaSalle, Illinois came from Walter A. Panneck, who served as mayor from 1903 to 1909. However, the city treasury did not have the funds to match Panneck's vision. To raise enough money for the structure, 450 bonds of $100 were issued, 422 of which were sold. The building was designed by Victor Andre Matteson, a relatively obscure architect who previously worked under",
"psg_id": "17837317"
},
{
"title": "Comedy Theatre (New York City)",
"text": "Comedy Theatre (New York City) The Comedy Theatre was a Broadway theatre located at 110 West 41st Street in Manhattan that opened in 1909. It presented the first Broadway appearances of Katharine Cornell and Ruth Draper, as well as Eugene O'Neill's first Broadway play. Shuttered in the wake of the Depression, it reopened in 1937 as the Mercury Theatre — the venue for Orson Welles's groundbreaking adaptation of Shakespeare's \"Julius Caesar\" and other productions for the Mercury Theatre repertory company. In 1939 it began presenting classic Yiddish theatre. The building was demolished in 1942. Architect D. G. Malcolm designed the",
"psg_id": "18953542"
}
] | [
"philip cortelyou johnson",
"philip johnson",
"philip johnson (architect)"
] |
who first coined the term apartheid? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Social apartheid",
"text": "overcome, such as in Venezuela where the supporters of Hugo Chavez identify social apartheid as a reality which the wealthy try to maintain and Brazil, where the term was coined to describe a situation where wealthy neighbourhoods are protected from the general population by walls, electric barbed wire and private security guards and where inhabitants of the poor slums are subjected to violence. The term social apartheid has also been used to explain and describe the ghettoization of Muslim immigrants to Europe in impoverished suburbs and as a cause of rioting and other violence. A notable case is the social",
"psg_id": "10659570"
},
{
"title": "Global apartheid",
"text": "Global apartheid Global apartheid is a term used to mean minority rule in international decision-making. The term comes from apartheid, the system of governmental that ruled South Africa until 27 April 1994 when people of all races were able to vote as equals for the first time. The concept of global apartheid has been developed by many researchers, including Titus Alexander, Bruno Amoroso, Patrick Bond, Gernot Kohler, Arjun Makhijiani, Ali Mazuri, Vandana Shiva, Anthony H. Richmond, Joseph Nevins, Muhammed Asadi, Gustav Fridolin, and many others. The first use of the term may have been by Gernot Koehler in a 1978",
"psg_id": "16678400"
},
{
"title": "Technological apartheid",
"text": "Iran as technological apartheid. Some of the technologies in question are dual-use technologies, advanced technologies which can have both civilian and military applications. Some commentators allege that the issue of dual-use technologies is a red herring, and that some advanced-sector nations, who wish to keep the Third World nations as poor client states, withhold technologies that are essential for economic development, using the pretext that they will be used for military purposes. Technological apartheid Technological apartheid is the denial of useful modern technologies to Third World or developing nations. The term is based upon the South African term \"apartheid\", partly",
"psg_id": "12301865"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "The apartheid bureaucracy devised complex (and often arbitrary) criteria at the time that the Population Registration Act was implemented to determine who was Coloured. Minor officials would administer tests to determine if someone should be categorised either Coloured or Black, or if another person should be categorised either Coloured or White. Different members of the same family found themselves in different race groups. Further tests determined membership of the various sub-racial groups of the Coloureds. Many of those formerly classified as Coloured are opposed to the continuing use of the term \"coloured\" in the post-apartheid era, though the term no",
"psg_id": "5504616"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "1980–90s, when Uri Davis, Meron Benvenisti, Richard Locke and Anthony Stewart employed the term 'apartheid' to describe Israel's treatment of the Palestinians. In the 1990s, the term \"Israeli apartheid\" gained prominence after Israel, as a result of the Oslo Accords, granted the Palestinians limited self-government in the form of the Palestinian Authority and established a system of permits and checkpoints in the Palestinian Territories. The apartheid accusation has gained additional traction following Israel's construction of the West Bank Barrier. By 2013 the analogy between the West Bank and Bantustans of apartheid-era South Africa was widely drawn in international circles. Also",
"psg_id": "7914552"
},
{
"title": "Gender apartheid",
"text": "physical harm. The term \"gender apartheid\" stems from South Africa's racial apartheid that instituted a system of white supremacy () and separated the country's majority black inhabitants from whites. Afrikaans for \"apartness\" or \"separateness\", the use of the term \"apartheid\" to refer to gender reflects a human rights violation that entails both separation and oppression. In defining apartheid, Dr. Anthony Löwstedt wrote: The concept of separateness in itself does not necessarily imply that any group is or will be favored over any other... The distinctive characteristic of apartheid and of other kinds of oppressive segregation is that political, economic, social,",
"psg_id": "7933993"
},
{
"title": "Technological apartheid",
"text": "Technological apartheid Technological apartheid is the denial of useful modern technologies to Third World or developing nations. The term is based upon the South African term \"apartheid\", partly refers to the practice of keeping certain populations in a separate, lower-class status. It has been used to describe situations that are unintended, such as the absence of computers and information technology in the favelas of Brazil or other impoverished areas. The term also applies to the deliberate denial of technology for geopolitical or neocolonialist reasons. The government of Iran has characterized the efforts by Western governments to deny nuclear technology to",
"psg_id": "12301864"
},
{
"title": "Global apartheid",
"text": "Working Paper for the World Order Models Project. In 1995 Koehler develop this in \"The Three Meanings of Global Apartheid: Empirical, Normative, Existential\". Its best known use was by Thabo Mbeki, then-President of South Africa, in a 2002 speech, drawing comparisons of the status of the world's people, economy, and access to natural resources to the apartheid era. Mbeki got the term from Titus Alexander, initiator of Charter 99, a campaign for global democracy, who was also present at the UN Millennium Summit and gave him a copy of \"Unravelling Global Apartheid\". Minority rule in global governance is based on",
"psg_id": "16678401"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "and eliminate the homelands completely. Serious political violence was a prominent feature from 1985–89, as Black townships became the focus of the struggle between anti-apartheid organisations and the Botha government. Throughout the 1980s, township people resisted apartheid by acting against the local issues that faced their particular communities. The focus of much of this resistance was against the local authorities and their leaders, who were seen to be supporting the government. By 1985, it had become the ANC's aim to make Black townships \"ungovernable\" (a term later replaced by \"people's power\") by means of rent boycotts and other militant action.",
"psg_id": "5504682"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "standard of treatment for Non-White employees across many professions. Many Indians described a sense of justified superiority from Whites due to the apartheid laws that, in the minds of White South Africans, legitimised those feelings. Another finding of this study was the psychological damage down to Indians living in South Africa during apartheid. One of the biggest long-term effects was inter-racial mistrust. Inter-racial mistrust is emotional hatred towards Whites. There was such a strong degree of alienation that left damaging psychological effects of inferiority. Chinese South Africanswho were descendants of migrant workers who came to work in the gold mines",
"psg_id": "5504628"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "Strip. The word has been compared to the term \"Apartheid\" by scholars and commentators, and by some that hafrada and apartheid are equivalent The Israeli West Bank barrier, (in Hebrew, \"Geder Ha'hafrada\" or \"separation fence\") the associated controls on the movement of Palestinians posed by West Bank Closures; and Israel's unilateral disengagement from Gaza have been cited as examples of hafrada. Aaron Klieman has distinguished between partition plans based on \"hafrada\", which he translated as \"detachment\"; and \"hipardut\", translated as \"disengagement.\" Since its first public introductions, the concept-turned-policy or paradigm has dominated Israeli political and cultural discourse and debate. In",
"psg_id": "7914556"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "led to violations of Apartheid \"on a massive scale\" throughout the nation, simply because there were not enough white South African business owners to meet the demand for various goods and services. Large portions of the garment industry and construction of new homes, for example, were effectively owned and operated by blacks, who either worked surreptitiously or who circumvented the law with a white person as a nominal, figurehead manager. In 1983, anti-apartheid leaders determined to resist the tricameral parliament assembled to form the United Democratic Front (UDF) in order to coordinate anti-apartheid activism inside South Africa. The first presidents",
"psg_id": "5504638"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "reported to the city's executive committee that the use of the phrase 'Israeli apartheid' does not violate the City's Anti-discrimination policy, nor does it constitute discrimination under the Canadian Criminal Code or the Ontario Human Rights Code. In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase \"Israeli apartheid\", as part of a resolution recognizing the gay Pride Toronto parade as a \"significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity\". The resolution said it slams the term Israel Apartheid for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing \"the suffering experienced by individuals during the",
"psg_id": "7914617"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "2014, United Nations Special Rapporteur Richard A. Falk used the term in his \"Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967\". In 1973 the International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (ICSPCA) was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly. The ICSPCA defines the crime of apartheid as \"inhuman acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group ... over another racial group ... and systematically oppressing them\". In 2002 the crime of apartheid was further defined by Article 7",
"psg_id": "7914557"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid legislation",
"text": "Government Gazette of South Africa (known as the Afrikaans term \"Staatskoerant\" during Apartheid). This was the official medium used by the Apartheid government in South Africa to communicate with the public. This medium continues to be used today by the post apartheid governments although publication of the gazette have stopped and is no longer available in the courts as before. The gazette is available through paid subscription on an internet website. Although apartheid as a comprehensive legislative project truly began after the National Party came into power in 1948, many of these statutes were preceded by the laws of the",
"psg_id": "8889533"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid in Brazil",
"text": "socially and keep them and the poverty they represent hidden from lives of the wealthy elite. According to Hecht, the persistent presence of these children \"embod[ies] the failure of an unacknowledged social apartheid to keep the poor out of view.\" Social apartheid is a common theme in studies of the implications of Brazil's huge income disparities, The term \"social apartheid\" (and the inequities associated with it) are recognized as a serious issue even by Brazil's elites, who benefit from it: Despite decades of impressive economic growth, the striking social inequities remain. In a recent survey of 1,500 of the most",
"psg_id": "9961443"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid in Brazil",
"text": "Social apartheid in Brazil The term social apartheid has been used to describe various aspects of economic inequality in Brazil by drawing a parallel with the South African apartheid regime. This contradicts the notion that Brazil's race problem is one of wolf crying or racial democracy. According to Maria Helena Moreira Alves, early twentieth century inequalities between rich and poor in Brazil were exacerbated by the differing treatment of urban migrants during and after the Great Depression. Internal migrants, who were mainly descended from Amerindians or African slaves, were given no government assistance or training in adapting to large urban",
"psg_id": "9961434"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid",
"text": "situation in the French suburbs, in which largely impoverished Muslim immigrants being concentrated in particular housing projects, and being provided with an inferior standard of infrastructure and social services. The issue of urban apartheid in France was highlighted as such in the aftermath of the 2005 civil unrest in France. It has also be used to describe the segregation in Northern Ireland. In South Africa, the term \"social apartheid\" has been used to describe persistent post-apartheid forms of exclusion and de facto segregation which exist based on class but which have a racial component because the poor are almost entirely",
"psg_id": "10659571"
},
{
"title": "Gender apartheid",
"text": "and even geographic conditions are created consciously and systematically in order to forcibly separate groups, invariably to the benefit—at least the short-term benefit—of at least one of the groups, but never, or only accidentally, to the benefit of all of them. It is important to note that gender apartheid is a universal phenomenon and therefore is not confined to South Africa. While reports of gender apartheid have most frequently arisen in the context of Islamic culture, it is prevalent around the world. Some human rights advocates have argued for sanctions against states practicing gender apartheid, similar to those imposed on",
"psg_id": "7933994"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "is celebrated as a public holiday known as Freedom Day. The following individuals, who had previously supported apartheid, made public apologies: Apartheid Apartheid (South African English: ; , lit. \"separateness\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on \"baasskap\" (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day. Broadly speaking, apartheid was",
"psg_id": "5504721"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid in Brazil",
"text": "Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003–2011) was quoted in 2002 by Mark Weisbrot in \"The Nation\" as saying he was \"fighting to bring the poor of Brazil out of economic apartheid\". His loss in the Presidential election of 1994 to Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1994–2002) has been attributed in part to the fear Lula aroused in the middle class by his \"denunciations of the social apartheid which permeated Brazilian society.\" Social apartheid in Brazil The term social apartheid has been used to describe various aspects of economic inequality in Brazil by drawing a parallel with the South African apartheid regime. This",
"psg_id": "9961447"
},
{
"title": "Death of Apartheid",
"text": "named \"Tomorrow Is Another Country\". Death of Apartheid Death of Apartheid (US title: Mandela's Fight For Freedom) is the name of a three-part documentary series about the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa and the first fully democratic election that followed. The series was first broadcast in May 1995, and produced by Brian Lapping Associates (now part of Ten Alps company) for the BBC, and co-produced by the Dutch broadcaster VPRO, the South African broadcaster SABC, and the Japanese broadcaster NHK. The series was largely written and researched by Allister Sparks, who also narrated it. The series was accompanied",
"psg_id": "17121934"
},
{
"title": "Death of Apartheid",
"text": "Death of Apartheid Death of Apartheid (US title: Mandela's Fight For Freedom) is the name of a three-part documentary series about the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa and the first fully democratic election that followed. The series was first broadcast in May 1995, and produced by Brian Lapping Associates (now part of Ten Alps company) for the BBC, and co-produced by the Dutch broadcaster VPRO, the South African broadcaster SABC, and the Japanese broadcaster NHK. The series was largely written and researched by Allister Sparks, who also narrated it. The series was accompanied by a book by Sparks,",
"psg_id": "17121933"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "resources and access to state welfare resources \"fully justify the classification of Israel as an apartheid State.\" Other prominent South African anti-apartheid activists have used apartheid comparisons to criticize the occupation of the West Bank, and particularly the construction of the separation barrier. These include Farid Esack, a writer who is currently William Henry Bloomberg Visiting Professor at Harvard Divinity School, Ronnie Kasrils, Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, Dennis Goldberg, and Arun Ghandhi, In 2008 a delegation of African National Congress (ANC) veterans visited Israel and the Occupied Territories, and said that in some respects it was worse than apartheid. In May 2018,",
"psg_id": "7914608"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "which brought Black, Indian, and Coloured national associations into one body that opposed apartheid. This was generally opposed more and more by the growing apartheid government, andwith urban segregation being reinforced with ongoing racist policiesit was harder to play football along these racial lines. In 1956, the Pretoria regimethe administrative capital of South Africapassed the first apartheid sports policy; by doing so, it emphasised the White-led government's opposition to inter-racialism. While football was plagued by racism, it also played a role in protesting apartheid and its policies. With the international bans from FIFA and other major sporting events, South Africa",
"psg_id": "5504622"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "violent and most corrupt\" in Philippine modern history, with the term \"Three Gs\", meaning \"guns, goons, and gold\" coined to describe administration's election tactics of vote-buying, terrorism and ballot snatching. Marcos used the military and the government bureaucracy for his campaign, and also went on a campaign spending spree, initiating USD50 million worth in infrastructure projects meant to impress the electorate. The most infamous incidents of violence took place in Batanes, where Philippine Constabulary officers, paramilitary groups and hired guns essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders.",
"psg_id": "20739523"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "the Musicians' Union in the UK announced a boycott of the government. The first South African activist to receive widespread attention outside South Africa was Steve Biko when he died in police custody in 1977. His death inspired a number of songs from artists outside the country, including from Tom Paxton and Peter Hamill. The most famous of these was the song \"Biko\" by Peter Gabriel. U2 lead singer Bono was among the people who said that the song was the first time he had heard about apartheid. A cultural boycott of the apartheid government had been suggested in 1954",
"psg_id": "19994270"
},
{
"title": "Queers Against Israeli Apartheid",
"text": "3, the day of the 2011 Pride Parade, in the heart of Toronto's historic LGBT district. The banner read \"Support Palestinian Queers, Boycott Israeli Tourism.\" In June 2012, the Toronto city council voted to condemn the phrase \"Israeli apartheid,\" as part of a resolution recognizing the gay Pride Toronto parade as a “significant cultural event that strongly promotes the ideals of tolerance and diversity.” The resolution said it slams the term Israel Apartheid for undermining the values of Pride and diminishing “the suffering experienced by individuals during the apartheid regime in South Africa.” Pride Toronto's Dispute Resolution Committee, composed of",
"psg_id": "14379842"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "of music to raise awareness about apartheid paid off: a survey after the concert found that among people aged between 16 and 24, three-fourths knew of Nelson Mandela, and supported his release from prison. Although the cultural boycott had succeeded in isolating the apartheid government culturally, it also affected musicians who had worked against apartheid within South Africa; thus Johnny Clegg and Savuka were forbidden from playing at the concert. The lyrics of anti-apartheid protest music often used subversive meanings hidden under innocuous lyrics, partially as a consequence of the censorship that they experienced. Purely musical techniques were also used",
"psg_id": "19994279"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "of \"presenting an alternative vision of culture in a future democratic South Africa.\" Music scholar Anne Schumann writes that music protesting apartheid became a part of Western popular culture, and the \"moral outrage\" about apartheid in the west was influenced by this music. The cultural boycott, and the criticism that Paul Simon received for breaking it, was an example of how closely connected music had become to politics with respect to apartheid. There has been occasional tension between those musicians who went into exile, and were therefore able to perform for, and raise awareness among, much larger audiences, and anti-apartheid",
"psg_id": "19994299"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "registration of cars, the indignity of having to produce a permit, and long queues at checkpoints as worse than what they had experienced during apartheid. But she also thought the apartheid comparison was a potential \"red herring\":\"... the context is different and the debate on whether this is Apartheid or not deflects from the real issue of occupation, encroachment of more land, building of the wall and the indignity of the occupation and the conduct of the military and police. I saw the check point at Nablus, I met with Palestinians in Hebron, I met the villagers who are against",
"psg_id": "7914610"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "Apartheid Apartheid (South African English: ; , lit. \"separateness\") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa from 1948 until the early 1990s. Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on \"baasskap\" (or white supremacy), which encouraged state repression of Black African, Coloured, and Asian South Africans for the benefit of the nation's minority white population. The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day. Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into \"petty apartheid\", which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and \"grand apartheid\", which dictated housing and",
"psg_id": "5504560"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "centred on separating races on a large scale, by compelling people to live in separate places defined by race. This strategy was in part adopted from \"left-over\" British rule that separated different racial groups after they took control of the Boer republics in the Anglo-Boer war. This created the black-only \"townships\" or \"locations\", where blacks were relocated to their own towns. In addition, \"petty apartheid\" laws were passed. The principal apartheid laws were as follows. The first grand apartheid law was the Population Registration Act of 1950, which formalised racial classification and introduced an identity card for all persons over",
"psg_id": "5504582"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "Canadian political scientist Anne Bayefsky wrote that the apartheid label was used by Arab states at the Durban World Conference on Racism in 2001 was part of a campaign to delegitimize Israel and to legitimize violence against Israeli citizens. A number of sitting Israeli premiers have warned that Israel could become like apartheid South Africa. It was reported that Israel's first prime minister, David Ben Gurion, warned in 1967 following the Six-Day War that Israel would become an apartheid state if it did not rid itself of the occupied territories as soon as possible. Prime minister Yizhak Rabin warned in",
"psg_id": "7914614"
},
{
"title": "Crime of apartheid",
"text": "defines the crime of apartheid as below: For the purpose of the present Convention, the term 'the crime of apartheid', which shall include similar policies and practices of racial segregation and discrimination as practiced in southern Africa, shall apply to the following inhumane acts committed for the purpose of establishing and maintaining domination by one racial group of persons over any other racial group of persons and systematically oppressing them: According to the United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, This definition does not make any difference between discrimination based on ethnicity and race, in",
"psg_id": "842653"
},
{
"title": "Crime of apartheid",
"text": "after 20 countries had ratified it. They were: Benin, Bulgaria, Belarus, Chad, Czechoslovakia, Ecuador, the German Democratic Republic (East Germany), Guinea, Hungary, Iraq, Mongolia, Poland, Qatar, Somalia, Syria, Ukraine, the USSR, the United Arab Emirates, Tanzania, Yugoslavia. \"As such, apartheid was declared to be a crime against humanity, with a scope that went far beyond South Africa. While the crime of apartheid is most often associated with the racist policies of South Africa after 1948, the term more generally refers to racially based policies in any state.\" Seventy-six other countries subsequently signed on, but a number of nations, including western",
"psg_id": "842649"
},
{
"title": "Israeli Apartheid Week",
"text": "According to IAW organizers, there has been \"a sharp increase of literature and analysis that has sought to document and challenge Israeli apartheid, including reports issued by major international bodies and human rights organizations and findings published by political leaders, thinkers, academics, and activists.\" The University of Toronto president, David Naylor, said of the week featuring the events \"this isn’t [my] favourite time of year.\" However, Dr. Naylor responded to objections from the \"Friends of the Simon Wiesenthal Center for Holocaust Studies\", in signing a statement that declared, \"We do, in fact, recognize that the term Israeli Apartheid is upsetting",
"psg_id": "11548664"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "Israel and the apartheid analogy The Israeli apartheid analogy compares Israel's treatment of Palestinians to South Africa's treatment of non-whites during its apartheid era within the context of the crime of apartheid. With respect to the Israeli-occupied West Bank, Israel's critics have repeatedly denounced it of practising a system akin to apartheid against Arabs and Palestinians. Israel has been described as an \"apartheid\" state by some scholars, United Nations investigators, human rights groups critical of Israeli policy and supporters of the Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement against Israel. The description has also been used by several Israeli former politicians. Critics",
"psg_id": "7914546"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "groups did. The UDF, coupled with the protection of the church, accordingly permitted a major role for Archbishop Desmond Tutu, who served both as a prominent domestic voice and international spokesperson denouncing apartheid and urging the creation of a shared nonracial state. Although the majority of whites supported apartheid, some 20 percent did not. Parliamentary opposition was galvanised by Helen Suzman, Colin Eglin and Harry Schwarz, who formed the Progressive Federal Party. Extra-parliamentary resistance was largely centred in the South African Communist Party and women's organisation the Black Sash. Women were also notable in their involvement in trade union organisations",
"psg_id": "5504640"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "examples of music in the movement against apartheid. Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid,",
"psg_id": "19994302"
},
{
"title": "The Who",
"text": "hits as the Detours, and R&B in 1963. The group move to a mod sound the following year, particularly after hearing the Small Faces fuse Motown with a harsher R&B sound. The group's early work was geared towards singles, though it was not straightforward pop. In 1967, Townshend coined the term \"power pop\" to describe the Who's style. Like their contemporaries, the group were influenced by the arrival of Hendrix, particularly after the Who and the Experience met at Monterey. This and lengthy touring strengthened the band's sound. In the studio, they began to develop softer pieces, particularly from \"Tommy\"",
"psg_id": "470500"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid",
"text": "of the South African apartheid, this is defined by the reassignation of the four racial groups defined by the Population Registration Act of 1950, into group areas as outlined by the Group Areas Act of 1950. Outside of the South African context, the term has also come to be used to refer to ghettoization of minority populations in cities within particular suburbs or neighbourhoods. The term has become common in Latin America in particular in societies where the polarization between rich and poor has become pronounced and has been identified in public policy as a problem that needs to be",
"psg_id": "10659569"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics",
"text": "been a leading anti-apartheid campaigner and advocate of sports boycotts. In June 1991, the Population Registration Act, 1950, a cornerstone of apartheid legislation, was repealed by the government of F. W. de Klerk, and in July an INOCSA delegation met with the Apartheid and Olympism Commission at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne. The IOC recognised INOCSA on 9 July 1991, such that the \"interim\" was removed from its name (NOCSA). It first competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The official flag of South Africa and national anthem \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" were still the apartheid-era ones, but the",
"psg_id": "17369792"
},
{
"title": "Anti-Apartheid Movement",
"text": "Anti-Apartheid Movement The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organisation that was at the centre of the international movement opposing the South African apartheid system and supporting South Africa's non-White population who were persecuted by the policies of apartheid. The AAM changed its name to in 1994, when South Africa achieved majority rule through free and fair elections, in which all races could vote. In response to an appeal by Albert Luthuli, the Boycott Movement was founded in London on 26 June 1959 at a meeting of South African exiles and their supporters. Members",
"psg_id": "4674700"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "their migrant labour population working down the South African mines. Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland remained outspoken critics of apartheid, but were dependent on South African economic assistance. Malawi was the first not-neighbouring country to accept South African aid. In 1967, the two states set out their political and economic relations, and in 1969; Malawi was the only country at the assembly which did not sign the Lusaka Manifesto condemning South Africa' apartheid policy. In 1970, Malawian president Hastings Banda made his first and most successful official stopover in South Africa. Associations with Mozambique followed suit and were sustained after that",
"psg_id": "5504650"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "apartheid regime in South Africa\". Former US Ambassador to the United Nations (June 1975 – February 1976), Daniel Patrick Moynihan voiced the strong disagreement of the United States with the General Assembly's resolution declaring that \"Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination\" in 1975 stated that unlike apartheid, Zionism is clearly not a racist ideology. He said that racist ideologies such as apartheid favor discrimination on the grounds of alleged biological differences, yet few people are as biologically heterogeneous as the Jews. https://www.academia.edu/1804615/Lily_White_Feminism_and_Academic_Apartheid_in_Israel_Anthropological_Perspectives Israel and the apartheid analogy The Israeli apartheid analogy compares Israel's treatment of Palestinians to",
"psg_id": "7914618"
},
{
"title": "Queers Against Israeli Apartheid",
"text": "first LGBTQ Solidarity Tour of Palestine in 2012. The film was presented at Toronto's Images Festival. Queers Against Israeli Apartheid Queers Against Israeli Apartheid (QuAIA) was a Toronto-based grassroots LGBT group involved in the movement against what the organization see as Israeli apartheid and is a member of the Coalition Against Israeli Apartheid. The group has been involved in Israeli Apartheid Week as well as Toronto Pride Week. QuAIA formed shortly after the 2008 iteration of Israeli Apartheid Week at which queer activists had a discussion about \"pinkwashing\", or the use of gay rights as a propaganda tool to justify",
"psg_id": "14379851"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid, building unity within this movement, and \"presenting an",
"psg_id": "19994240"
},
{
"title": "Black Diamonds (racial term)",
"text": "Black Diamonds (racial term) Black Diamonds is a collective term that is used pejoratively in South Africa to refer to members of the new black middle class. The term was not originally derogatory. It was coined by TNS Research Surveys (Pty) Ltd and the UCT Unilever Institute to refer to members of South Africa’s fast-growing, affluent and influential black community. However, the term evolved negative connotations and is now used almost exclusively as a pejorative term. Colonial governments in South Africa reduced bushmen to an underclass, and the first generations of independent government entrenched racial segregation in a legal system",
"psg_id": "15659163"
},
{
"title": "1992 South African apartheid referendum",
"text": "multi-racial elections, which resulted in a huge victory for the African National Congress and made Nelson Mandela the first black President of South Africa. 1992 South African apartheid referendum A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948. The result of the election was a large victory for the",
"psg_id": "6931306"
},
{
"title": "Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist)",
"text": "Patrick Duncan (anti-apartheid activist) Patrick Baker Duncan (1918–1967) was a political thinker and activist, whose three books promoted human rights in South Africa and expressed concern regarding the relationship of humans with the Earth. An anti-apartheid activist, Duncan was a supporter of universal suffrage who was harassed and imprisoned by the Apartheid regime for his dissident activities. Born 1918 in Johannesburg, was the son of Sir Patrick Duncan. Duncan was educated first in South Africa and later in England, at Winchester College and at Balliol College, Oxford. In 1938 his friendship with a fellow Balliol student, Helmuth James Graf von",
"psg_id": "10989526"
},
{
"title": "Medical Apartheid",
"text": "Medical Apartheid Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present is a 2007 book by Harriet A. Washington. It is a history of medical experimentation on African Americans. From the era of slavery to the present day, this book presents the first full account of black America's mistreatment as unwitting subjects of medical experimentation. \"Medical Apartheid\" traces the convoluted history of medical experimentation on Black Americans in the United States since the middle of the eighteenth century. Harriet Washington argues that \"diverse forms of racial discrimination have shaped both the relationship",
"psg_id": "12864272"
},
{
"title": "Medical Apartheid",
"text": "fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health, and a senior research scholar at the National Center for Bioethics at Tuskegee University. Medical Apartheid Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present is a 2007 book by Harriet A. Washington. It is a history of medical experimentation on African Americans. From the era of slavery to the present day, this book presents the first full account of black America's mistreatment as unwitting subjects of medical experimentation. \"Medical Apartheid\" traces the convoluted history of medical experimentation on Black Americans in the United",
"psg_id": "12864279"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid in Brazil",
"text": "against and exclusion of slum and street children as \"Brazilian apartheid,\" and state that \"[t]he hidden and disallowed part of the discourse on Brazil's street children is that the term is, in fact, color coded in 'race-blind' Brazil, where most street kids are 'black.'\" They write that in order to protect themselves, poor children often carry weapons, and that, as a result, \"[t]he cost of maintaining this form of apartheid is high: an urban public sphere that is unsafe for any child.\" Tobias Hecht writes that rich Brazilians see the often violent street children as a threat, and marginalize them",
"psg_id": "9961442"
},
{
"title": "Anti-Apartheid Movement",
"text": "public opinion and public action against apartheid, especially in the countries which were the main collaborators with the South African regime. This also meant that we built the broadest support for each measure, thereby welcoming co-operation rather than alienating governments and organisations which were not yet prepared to support sanctions or armed struggle. The Anti-Apartheid Movement continued to operate in the UK until 1994. After the first democratic elections in South Africa, AAM changed its name to . Anti-Apartheid Movement The Anti-Apartheid Movement (AAM), originally known as the Boycott Movement, was a British organisation that was at the centre of",
"psg_id": "4674714"
},
{
"title": "Israeli Apartheid Week",
"text": "Cambridge, Dundee, Durham, Edinburgh, Essex, Exeter, Glasgow, Kent, Lancaster, Leeds, Liverpool, Manchester, Northampton, Nottingham, Oxford, Sheffield, Southampton, Sussex, London, Albuquerque, Arizona, Beaumont, Boston, Cambridge, Chicago, Dearborn, Delaware, Louisville, Maryland, Massachusetts, Milwaukee, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Olympia, Omaha, Philadelphia, Seattle, Toledo and Washington DC. The first Israeli Apartheid week was held on January 31 to February 4, 2005. The 2006 Israeli Apartheid week was held on February 13 to 17, 2006. The 2007 Israeli Apartheid week was held on February 12 to 17, 2007. The 4th Annual Israeli Apartheid Week 2008 was officially launched on February 3, 2008 in",
"psg_id": "11548659"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "and chants. This response helped to further elevate Mandela's status in the eyes of those, both internationally and domestically, who opposed apartheid. Between 1986 and 1988, some petty apartheid laws were repealed, along with the pass laws. Botha told white South Africans to \"adapt or die\" and twice he wavered on the eve of what were billed as \"rubicon\" announcements of substantial reforms, although on both occasions he backed away from substantial changes. Ironically, these reforms served only to trigger intensified political violence through the remainder of the eighties as more communities and political groups across the country joined the",
"psg_id": "5504701"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "in Stockholm. In addressing the hundreds of anti-apartheid sympathisers as well as leaders and officials from the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movement such as Oliver Tambo, Palme declared: \"Apartheid cannot be reformed; it has to be eliminated.\" Other Western countries adopted a more ambivalent position. In Switzerland, the Swiss-South African Association lobbied on behalf of the South African government. In the 1980s, the Reagan administration and the Thatcher ministry in the UK followed a \"constructive engagement\" policy with the apartheid government, vetoing the imposition of UN economic sanctions, justified by a belief in free trade and a vision of South",
"psg_id": "5504662"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "that left thousands dead or in detention. Some reforms of the apartheid system were undertaken, including allowing for Indian and Coloured political representation in parliament, but these measures failed to appease most activist groups. Between 1987–1993, the National Party entered into bilateral negotiations with the African National Congress, the leading anti-apartheid political movement, for ending segregation and introducing majority rule. In 1990, prominent ANC figures such as Nelson Mandela were released from prison. Apartheid legislation was repealed on 17 June 1991, pending fully democratic, multiracial elections set for April 1994. \"Apartheid\" is an Afrikaans word meaning \"separateness\", or \"the state",
"psg_id": "5504565"
},
{
"title": "Puff Puff (sexual term)",
"text": "Ball\" anime adaptation. One reference of the act was also removed from the American release of the first \"Dragon Quest\" game. Puff Puff (sexual term) The term \"Puff-Puff\" comes from the Japanese onomatopoeia for a woman rubbing her breasts in someone's face; the term can also be used for a woman juggling her own breasts. The term was originally coined by manga artist Akira Toriyama and featured in Chapter 5 of his series \"Dragon Ball\", published in \"Weekly Shōnen Jump\" on January 15, 1985. Puff-Puff is one of the special acts available in the \"Dragon Quest\" series of video games,",
"psg_id": "15574044"
},
{
"title": "Selling Apartheid",
"text": "Selling Apartheid Selling Apartheid: South Africa's Global Propaganda War is a 2015 book by Ron Nixon, the Washington correspondent for the \"New York Times\" and a visiting associate in the Department of Media and Journalism Studies at the University of Witwatersrand. \"Selling Apartheid\" is an in-depth investigation into the Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid and the international propaganda campaign conducted by the apartheid government. Nixon's book contains a large number of previously secret records from archives in South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States. It examines the diverse network of apartheid supporters and defenders from global",
"psg_id": "20298620"
},
{
"title": "Selling Apartheid",
"text": "addition to the volume of work on South Africa’s apartheid regime\" which is \"rich in detail\". Selling Apartheid Selling Apartheid: South Africa's Global Propaganda War is a 2015 book by Ron Nixon, the Washington correspondent for the \"New York Times\" and a visiting associate in the Department of Media and Journalism Studies at the University of Witwatersrand. \"Selling Apartheid\" is an in-depth investigation into the Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid and the international propaganda campaign conducted by the apartheid government. Nixon's book contains a large number of previously secret records from archives in South Africa, the United Kingdom",
"psg_id": "20298622"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid",
"text": "Social apartheid Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. The word \"apartheid\", originally an Afrikaans word meaning \"separation\", gained its current meaning during the South African apartheid that took place between 1948 and early 1994, in which the government declared certain regions as being \"for whites only\", with the black population forcibly relocated to remote designated areas. Typically a component in social apartheid, urban apartheid refers to the spatial segregation of minorities to remote areas. In the context",
"psg_id": "10659568"
},
{
"title": "Gender apartheid",
"text": "South Africa under apartheid. Instances of gender apartheid have been found institutionalized through religious and cultural practices. For example, aspects of the treatment of women under fundamentalist interpretations of Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Hinduism, Sikhism and some varieties of Buddhism have been described as gender apartheid. Use of faith, often through strict interpretations of religious code, to justify gender apartheid is highly controversial. The terms gender apartheid and sexual apartheid have also been used to describe differential treatment of women in institutions such as the Church of England and the Roman Catholic Church. Presbyterian minister and author Patricia Budd Kepler points",
"psg_id": "7933995"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "minorities as intrinsically suspect, and legally prohibits their access to land or allocates civil service positions or per capita expenditure on education differentially between dominant and minority citizens.\" In June 2008 after the law was extended for another year, Amos Schocken, the publisher of the Israeli daily \"Haaretz\", wrote in an opinion article, that the law severely discriminates when comparing the rights of young Israeli Jewish citizens and young Israeli Arab citizens who marry, and that its existence in the law books turns Israel into an apartheid state. Separate and unequal education systems were a central part of apartheid in",
"psg_id": "7914578"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "Apartheid developed from the racism of colonial factions and due to South Africa's \"unique industrialization\". The policies of industrialization led to segregation of and classing of people, which was \"specifically developed to nurture early industry such as mining\". Cheap labour was the basis of the economy and this was taken from what the state classed as peasant groups and the migrants. Furthermore, Philip Bonner highlights the \"contradictory economic effects\" as the economy did not have a manufacturing sector, therefore promoting short term profitability but limiting labour productivity and the size of local markets. This also led to its collapse as",
"psg_id": "5504689"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "from black labour in the long-term. A third faction, which included Hendrik Verwoerd, sympathised with the purists, but allowed for the use of black labour, while implementing the purist goal of vertical separation. NP leaders argued that South Africa did not comprise a single nation, but was made up of four distinct racial groups: white, black, Coloured and Indian. Such groups were split into 13 nations or racial federations. White people encompassed the English and Afrikaans language groups; the black populace was divided into ten such groups. The state passed laws that paved the way for \"grand apartheid\", which was",
"psg_id": "5504581"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "years. In that, I agree with them. Israel, like South Africa, is an apartheid state.\" Since then, a number of sources have used the apartheid analogy in their examination of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. In the early 1970s, Arabic language magazines of the PLO and PFLP compared the Israeli proposals for a Palestinian autonomy to the Bantustan strategy of South Africa. In 1979 the Palestinian sociologist Elia Zureik argued that while not \"de jure\" an apartheid state, Israeli society was characterized by a latent form of apartheid. The concept emerged with some frequency in both academic and activist writings in the",
"psg_id": "7914551"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "Prize winner Desmond Tutu has commented on the similarities between South Africa and Palestine and the importance of international pressure in ending apartheid in South Africa. He has drawn a parallel between the movement \"aiming to end Israeli occupation\" and the international pressure that helped end apartheid in South Africa, saying: \"If apartheid ended, so can the occupation, but the moral force and international pressure will have to be just as determined.\" Howard Friel writes that Desmond Tutu \"views the conditions in the occupied Palestinian territories as resembling apartheid in South Africa.\" BBC News reported in 2012 that Tutu \"accused",
"psg_id": "7914606"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "and many laws regarding security, land and planning, citizenship, political representation in the Knesset, education and culture. The , which has been met with worldwide condemnation, has also been compared by members of PLO, opposition MPs, and other Arab and Jewish Israelis, to an \"apartheid law\". In 1961, the South African prime minister and architect of South Africa's apartheid policies, Hendrik Verwoerd, dismissed an Israeli vote against South African apartheid at the United Nations, saying, \"Israel is not consistent in its new anti-apartheid attitude ... they took Israel away from the Arabs after the Arabs lived there for a thousand",
"psg_id": "7914550"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "would be in the spotlight internationally. In a 1977 survey, white South Africans ranked the lack of international sport as one of the three most damaging consequences of apartheid. By the mid-1950s, Black South Africans would also use media to challenge the \"racialisation\" of sports in South Africa; anti-apartheid forces had begun to pinpoint sport as the \"weakness\" of white national morale. Black journalists for the \"Johannesburg Drum\" magazine were the first to give the issue public exposure, with an intrepid special issue in 1955 that asked, \"Why shouldn't our blacks be allowed in the SA team?\" As time progressed,",
"psg_id": "5504623"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "are real and have to be taken seriously.\" Israeli historian Benny Morris said that those that equate Israeli efforts to separate the two populations to apartheid are effectively trying to undermine the legitimacy of any peace agreement based on a two-state solution. Hafrada ( literally \"separation\") is the official description of the policy of the government of Israel to separate the Palestinian population in Palestinian territories from the Israeli population. In Israel, the term is used to refer to the general policy of separation the Israeli government has adopted and implemented over the Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza",
"psg_id": "7914555"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "international law, are under the civil control of the Palestinian Authority, and are not Israeli citizens. In some areas of the West Bank, they are under Israeli security control. Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter authored a 2006 book titled \"\". Carter's use of the term \"apartheid\" was calibrated to avoid specific accusations of racism against the government of Israel, and carefully limited to the situation in Gaza and the West Bank. In a letter to the Board of Rabbis of Greater Phoenix, Carter made it clear that he was not discussing the circumstances within Israel but exclusively within Gaza and",
"psg_id": "7914585"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "in the United States, where the notion had previously been taboo, Israel's rule over the occupied territories was increasingly compared to apartheid. Heribert Adam of Simon Fraser University and Kogila Moodley of the University of British Columbia, in their 2005 book-length study \"Seeking Mandela: Peacemaking Between Israelis and Palestinians\", wrote that controversy over use of the term arises because Israel as a state is unique in the region. He writes that Israel is perceived as a Western democracy and is thus likely to be judged by the standards of such a state. Israel also claims to be a home for",
"psg_id": "7914553"
},
{
"title": "Anti-Apartheid Movement",
"text": "They made a special reference to the issue of banning orders against two South African academics named Jack Simons and Eddie Roux, who were two well-known progressive academics. A part of the declaration: Faced with the failure to persuade the West to impose economic sanctions, in 1966 the AAM formulated a strategy whereby they would shift toward spearheading \"an international campaign against apartheid under the auspices of the United Nations.\" AAM's proposed strategy was approved by the UN Special Committee on Apartheid and then by the General Assembly. This new partnership formed the basis for all future action against apartheid.",
"psg_id": "4674712"
},
{
"title": "Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid",
"text": "American Jewry and U.S. media[,] this reality is barely disputed.\" Carter has responded to negative reviews in the mainstream news media in an op-ed published in the \"Los Angeles Times\" (which was excerpted in \"The Guardian\" and elsewhere): He also wrote a \"Letter to Jewish Citizens of America\" explaining \"his use of the term 'apartheid' and sympathizing with Israelis who fear terrorism.\" In a report updated by the Associated Press after the publication of Carter's \"Letter to Jewish Citizens of America\", Greg Bluestein observes that Carter replied generally to complaints of the book's errors and inaccuracies by Dennis Ross, Alan",
"psg_id": "9507485"
},
{
"title": "Kaffir (racial term)",
"text": "to Food\" recommends that the alternative term \"makrut lime\" be favored when speaking of this fruit. Kaffir (racial term) Kaffir () is a racist slur used to refer to a black person. In the form of \"cafri\", it evolved during the pre-colonial period as an equivalent of \"negro\". In Southern Africa, the term was later used as an exonym for Bantu peoples. The designation came to be considered a pejorative by the 20th century. In South Africa, the word was loosely used to refer to native South Africans. It was adopted as a derogatory term after 1948 when the Apartheid",
"psg_id": "4467019"
},
{
"title": "Kaffir (racial term)",
"text": "natives of Cafreria, but are not considered offensive in either Western India or in Sri Lanka. The term acquired a distinctly derogatory meaning in the context of South African history, especially during the Apartheid era. In Afrikaans, the term is more commonly spelled \"kaffer\". It became a common word used by early European settlers to refer to the same people. Through time \"Kaffir\" tended, in mid-20th century Southern Africa, to be used as a derogatory term for black people, and in South Africa today, the term is regarded as highly racially offensive, in the same way as \"nigger\" in the",
"psg_id": "4467009"
},
{
"title": "Social apartheid",
"text": "black Africans. \"Social apartheid\" has been cited as a factor in the composition of HIV/AIDS in South Africa. Social apartheid Social apartheid is de facto segregation on the basis of class or economic status, in which an underclass is forced to exist separated from the rest of the population. The word \"apartheid\", originally an Afrikaans word meaning \"separation\", gained its current meaning during the South African apartheid that took place between 1948 and early 1994, in which the government declared certain regions as being \"for whites only\", with the black population forcibly relocated to remote designated areas. Typically a component",
"psg_id": "10659572"
},
{
"title": "Occupational apartheid",
"text": "Occupational apartheid Occupational apartheid is the concept in occupational therapy that different individuals, groups and communities can be deprived of meaningful and purposeful activity through segregation due to social, political, economical factors and for social status reasons. Occupational apartheid may occur due to race, disability, age, gender, sexuality, religious preference, political preference, and creed. A war environment can also contribute to occupational apartheid in which the constraints of war prevent the people living in the midst of combat from accessing past occupations. Occupational therapists recognize that many people facing occupational apartheid do not have the opportunity to freely choose their",
"psg_id": "12531038"
},
{
"title": "Gender apartheid",
"text": "Gender apartheid Gender apartheid (also called sexual apartheid or sex apartheid) is the economic and social sexual discrimination against individuals because of their gender or sex. It is a system enforced by using either physical or legal practices to relegate individuals to subordinate positions. Feminist psychologist Phyllis Chesler defines the phenomenon as \"practices which condemn girls and women to a separate and subordinate sub-existence and which turn boys and men into the permanent guardians of their female relatives' chastity\". Instances of gender apartheid lead not only to the social and economic disempowerment of individuals, but can also result in severe",
"psg_id": "7933992"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "Rugby World Cup was a powerful boost to post-apartheid South Africa's return to the international sporting scene. Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from",
"psg_id": "12647328"
},
{
"title": "Crime of apartheid",
"text": "tiled \"Religious apartheid in Saudi Arabia\", a picture of a sign showing Muslim-only and non-Muslim roads. The name of the crime comes from a system of racial segregation in South Africa enforced through legislation by the National Party (NP), the governing party from 1948 to 1994. Under apartheid, the rights, associations, and movements of the majority black inhabitants and other ethnic groups were curtailed, and white minority rule was maintained. In early 1991, non-Arabs of the Zaghawa tribe of Sudan attested that they were victims of an intensifying Arab apartheid campaign, segregating Arabs and non-Arabs. Sudanese Arabs, who controlled the",
"psg_id": "842665"
},
{
"title": "Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act",
"text": "Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act The Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act of 1986 was a law enacted by the United States Congress. The law imposed sanctions against South Africa and stated five preconditions for lifting the sanctions that would essentially end the system of apartheid. The sanctions were repealed in July 1991 after South Africa took steps towards meeting the preconditions of the act, with the final vestiges of the act being repealed in late 1993. Sponsored by Senator William Roth, the CAAA was the first United States anti-apartheid legislation. The act was initiated by Congressman Ronald V. Dellums in reaction to the plight",
"psg_id": "8102472"
},
{
"title": "Internal resistance to apartheid",
"text": "interplay was a notable feature of resistance against apartheid from 1983 until South Africa's first multiracial elections under a universal franchise in 1994. Passive resistance to apartheid was initiated by the African National Congress (ANC) with its Defiance Campaign in the early 1950s. Subsequent civil disobedience protests targeted curfews, pass laws, and \"petty apartheid\" segregation in public facilities. Some anti-apartheid demonstrations resulted in widespread rioting in Port Elizabeth and East London in 1952, but organised destruction of property was not deliberately employed until 1959. That year, anger over pass laws and environmental regulations perceived as unjust by black farmers resulted",
"psg_id": "11627555"
},
{
"title": "First-wave feminism",
"text": "First-wave feminism First-wave feminism was a period of feminist activity and thought that occurred during the 19th and early 20th century throughout the Western world. It focused on legal issues, primarily on gaining the right to vote. The term \"first-wave\" was coined in March 1968 by Martha Lear writing in \"The New York Times Magazine\", who at the same time also used the term \"second-wave feminism\". At that time, the women's movement was focused on \"de facto\" (unofficial) inequalities, which it wished to distinguish from the objectives of the earlier feminists. According to Miriam Schneir, Simone de Beauvoir wrote that",
"psg_id": "4262693"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "The primary subject in question was the handling of South African Indians, a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India. In 1952, apartheid was again discussed in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign, and the UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa. Although South Africa's racial policies were a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was a domestic affair, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction. In April 1960, the UN's conservative stance on apartheid changed following the",
"psg_id": "5504643"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "not be subject to South Africa's racial stipulations. In 1978, Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games because New Zealand's sporting contacts with the South African government were not considered to be in accordance with the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement. Nigeria also led the 32-nation boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's ambivalent attitude towards sporting links with South Africa, significantly affecting the quality and profitability of the Games and thus thrusting apartheid into the international spotlight. In the 1960s, the Anti-Apartheid Movements began to campaign for \"cultural\" boycotts of apartheid South Africa. Artists were requested not",
"psg_id": "5504659"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "South Africa in 1975, the British Actors Union, Equity, boycotted the service, and no British programme concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa. Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions, but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid. While international opposition to apartheid grew, the Nordic countriesand Sweden in particularprovided both moral and financial support for the ANC. On 21 February 1986a week before he was murderedSweden's Prime Minister Olof Palme made the keynote address to the \"Swedish People's Parliament Against Apartheid\" held",
"psg_id": "5504661"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "and 23 other nations had passed laws placing various trade sanctions on South Africa. A disinvestment from South Africa movement in many countries was similarly widespread, with individual cities and provinces around the world implementing various laws and local regulations forbidding registered corporations under their jurisdiction from doing business with South African firms, factories, or banks. Pope John Paul II was an outspoken opponent of apartheid. In 1985, while visiting the Netherlands, he gave an impassioned speech at the International Court of Justice condemning apartheid, proclaiming that \"no system of apartheid or separate development will ever be acceptable as a",
"psg_id": "5504645"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "Cultural Ensemble in 1975, and the Amandla Cultural Ensemble later in the 1970s. Mayibuye was established as a growing number of ANC activists argued that cultural events needed to form a part of their work, and could be used to raise awareness of apartheid, gather support, and drive political change. The group was established by ANC activists Barry Feinberg and Ronnie Kasrils, who named it after the slogan \"Mayibuye iAfrika\" (Let Africa Return). The group consisted of several South African performers, and used a mixture of songs, poetry, and narrative in their performance, which described life under the apartheid government",
"psg_id": "19994257"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so",
"psg_id": "20739513"
},
{
"title": "Kaffir (racial term)",
"text": "Kaffir (racial term) Kaffir () is a racist slur used to refer to a black person. In the form of \"cafri\", it evolved during the pre-colonial period as an equivalent of \"negro\". In Southern Africa, the term was later used as an exonym for Bantu peoples. The designation came to be considered a pejorative by the 20th century. In South Africa, the word was loosely used to refer to native South Africans. It was adopted as a derogatory term after 1948 when the Apartheid system was established. Under \"crimen injuria\", the epithet \"kaffir\" has been actionable in the justice system",
"psg_id": "4467005"
},
{
"title": "Kaffir (racial term)",
"text": "black community. This would be similar to \"negro lover\" and similar expressions used by white racists in English-speaking countries. During the South African general election in 1948, those who supported the establishment of an apartheid regime campaigned under the slogan \"Die kaffer op sy plek\" (\"The Kaffir in his place\"). Much as in South Africa the term was used as a general derogatory reference to blacks. A 2003 report by the Namibian Labour Resource and Research Institute states: In 2000, the parliament of South Africa enacted the Promotion of Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act. The Act's primary objectives include the",
"psg_id": "4467015"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "Juluka, which were not featured by the SABC. Neither station, however, played \"Sun City\" when it was released in 1985, as the owners of the Sun City resort had partial ownership of both stations. A large number of musicians, including Masekela and Makeba, as well as Abdullah Ibrahim and Vusi Mahlasela, were driven into exile by the apartheid government. Songs written by these people were prohibited from being broadcast, as were all songs that opposed the apartheid government. Most of the anti-apartheid songs of the period were censored by the apartheid government. \"Bring Him Back Home\" was banned in South",
"psg_id": "19994291"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "black musicians were often asked to play for the police, to prove that they were in fact musicians. Commentators have stated that as with many social movements, music played a large role in the resistance to apartheid. Writing in the \"Inquiries Journal\", scholar Michela Vershbow writes that although the music of the anti-apartheid movement could not and did not create social change in isolation, it acted as a means of unification, as a way of raising awareness of apartheid, and allowed people from different cultural background to find commonality. Protest songs were often used by the anti-apartheid movement as a",
"psg_id": "19994297"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "apartheid. The Tricameral reforms led to the formation of the (anti-apartheid) United Democratic Front as a vehicle to try to prevent the co-option of Coloureds and Indians into an alliance with Whites. The battles between the UDF and the NP government from 1983 to 1989 were to become the most intense period of struggle between left-wing and right-wing South Africans. Colonialism and apartheid had a major impact on Black and Coloured women, since they suffered both racial and gender discrimination. Jobs were often hard to find. Many Black and Coloured women worked as agricultural or domestic workers, but wages were",
"psg_id": "5504619"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid",
"text": "policy of regional \"containment\" against Soviet-backed regimes and insurgencies worldwide. By the late-1960s, the rise of Soviet client states on the African continent, as well as Soviet aid for militant anti-apartheid movements, was considered one of the primary external threats to the apartheid system. South African officials frequently accused domestic opposition groups of being Communist proxies. For its part, the Soviet Union viewed South Africa as a bastion of neocolonialism and a regional Western ally, which helped fuel its support for various anti-apartheid causes. From 1973 onwards, much of South Africa's White population increasingly looked upon their country as a",
"psg_id": "5504666"
},
{
"title": "Gender apartheid",
"text": "public images of women have been defaced in ultra-Orthodox Jewish communities, and young Jewish girls have been spat on and called prostitutes for wearing clothing deemed immodest. Reports suggest that it is largely Haredi fundamentalists who are responsible for acts of gender apartheid, and that the Haredi community as a whole does not condone such practices. Actions of fundamentalist ultra-Orthodox Jews in Israel have been referred to as gender apartheid. While women customarily sit in the back of buses in parts of Israel, no formal edict enforces such. However, one incident arose in December 2011 in which an ultra-Orthodox man",
"psg_id": "7934001"
},
{
"title": "Israel and the apartheid analogy",
"text": "law. Opponents of the idea of Israeli apartheid in the West Bank argue that the comparison is factually, morally, and historically inaccurate and intended to delegitimize Israel. Opponents state that the West Bank and Gaza are not part of sovereign Israel. They argue that though the internal free movement of Palestinians is heavily regulated by the Israeli government, the territories are governed by the elected Palestinian Authority and Hamas leaders, so they cannot be compared to the internal policies of apartheid South Africa. With regard to claims of apartheid within Israel-proper, some commentators extend the analogy to include treatment of",
"psg_id": "7914548"
}
] | [
"rev j c du plessis"
] |
which gossip columnist was born in the same day as sir alexander fleming who discovered penicillin? | [
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "1930s through the 1950s, the two best-known - and competing - Hollywood gossip columnists were Hedda Hopper and Louella Parsons. Well-timed leaks about a star's purported romantic adventures helped the studios to create and sustain the public's interest in the studios' star actors. As well, the movie studios' publicity agents acted as unnamed \"well-informed inside sources\" who provided misinformation and rumors to counteract whispers about celebrity secrets — such as homosexuality or an out-of-wedlock child — that could have severely damaged not only the reputation of the movie star in question, but the movie star's box office viability. Having fallen",
"psg_id": "970577"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Sir Alexander Fleming College",
"text": "who discovered penicillin. Sir Alexander Fleming College Sir Alexander Fleming College (commonly known as Fleming College or simply Fleming) is a British school in Trujillo, northern Perú, it was the first English school outside Lima. Fleming College represents Cambridge University and is part of the British Schools of Peru (BSP) which includes other important English schools in Lima, such as Markham College, Cambridge College, Newton College and San Silvestre School. Many of the Fleming staff are from various English and Spanish-speaking countries including England, the United States, Denmark, Scotland, Chile and Mexico. The school has approximately 700 students. It includes",
"psg_id": "10456035"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming. People began using it to treat infections in 1942. There are several enhanced penicillin families which are effective against additional bacteria; these include the antistaphylococcal penicillins, aminopenicillins and the antipseudomonal penicillins. They are derived from \"Penicillium\" fungi. The term \"penicillin\" is often used generically to refer to benzylpenicillin (penicillin G, the original penicillin found in 1928), procaine benzylpenicillin (procaine penicillin), benzathine benzylpenicillin (benzathine penicillin), and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V). Procaine penicillin and benzathine penicillin have the same antibacterial activity as benzylpenicillin but act for a longer period of time. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is less",
"psg_id": "313083"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11 March 1955) was a Scottish physician, microbiologist, and pharmacologist. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (Penicillin G) from the mould \"Penicillium notatum\" in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. Fleming was knighted for his scientific achievements in 1944. In 1999, he was named in \"Time\" magazine's list of the . In 2002, he was chosen in",
"psg_id": "19492"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "which Fleming discovered and tested penicillin is preserved as the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in St. Mary's Hospital, Paddington. He investigated its positive anti-bacterial effect on many organisms, and noticed that it affected bacteria such as staphylococci and many other Gram-positive pathogens that cause scarlet fever, pneumonia, meningitis and diphtheria, but not typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever, which are caused by Gram-negative bacteria, for which he was seeking a cure at the time. It also affected \"Neisseria gonorrhoeae,\" which causes gonorrhoea, although this bacterium is Gram-negative. Fleming published his discovery in 1929, in the British \"Journal of Experimental Pathology,\" but",
"psg_id": "19501"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "and celebrity 'tell-all' magazines. Notable gossip columnists include: Gossip columns that are not named after a specific columnist, along with the media source, include: Gossip columnist A gossip columnist is someone who writes a gossip column in a newspaper or magazine, especially a gossip magazine. Gossip columns are material written in a light, informal style, which relates the gossip columnist's opinions about the personal lives or conduct of celebrities from show business (motion picture movie stars, theater, and television actors), politicians, professional sports stars, and other wealthy people or public figures. Some gossip columnists broadcast segments on radio and television.",
"psg_id": "970579"
},
{
"title": "Sir Alexander Fleming College",
"text": "Sir Alexander Fleming College Sir Alexander Fleming College (commonly known as Fleming College or simply Fleming) is a British school in Trujillo, northern Perú, it was the first English school outside Lima. Fleming College represents Cambridge University and is part of the British Schools of Peru (BSP) which includes other important English schools in Lima, such as Markham College, Cambridge College, Newton College and San Silvestre School. Many of the Fleming staff are from various English and Spanish-speaking countries including England, the United States, Denmark, Scotland, Chile and Mexico. The school has approximately 700 students. It includes state of the",
"psg_id": "10456032"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "Gossip columnist A gossip columnist is someone who writes a gossip column in a newspaper or magazine, especially a gossip magazine. Gossip columns are material written in a light, informal style, which relates the gossip columnist's opinions about the personal lives or conduct of celebrities from show business (motion picture movie stars, theater, and television actors), politicians, professional sports stars, and other wealthy people or public figures. Some gossip columnists broadcast segments on radio and television. The columns mix factual material on arrests, divorces, marriages and pregnancies, obtained from official records, with more speculative gossip stories, rumors, and innuendo about",
"psg_id": "970570"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "with no supporting source or evidence, the celebrity can sue for libel on the grounds that their reputation was defamed. There is however circumstances where gossip columnist may not be fact checking the information they are receiving from their sources before publishing their stories. Not to mention that there are gossip columnist that are not reputable themselves to be posting articles about celebrities. As a result of this there is a chance that there are stories that have been publish that could lead to the defamation of celebrities. The first gossip columnist, dominating the 1930s and 40s, was Walter Winchell,",
"psg_id": "970575"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "competition in micro-organisms: antagonism between moulds and microbes\", or also Clodomiro Picado Twight whose work at the Institut Pasteur in 1923 on the inhibiting action of fungi of the \"Penicillin sp.\" genre in the growth of staphylococci drew little interest from the directors of the Institut at the time. Fleming was the first to push these studies further by isolating the penicillin, and by being motivated enough to promote his discovery at a larger scale. Fleming also discovered very early that bacteria developed antibiotic resistance whenever too little penicillin was used or when it was used for too short a",
"psg_id": "19507"
},
{
"title": "Sir Alexander Fleming College",
"text": "with the Annual House Prize. Fleming is considered as one of the top schools in Trujillo, in terms of exclusiveness and academic excellence. Recently the school has been approved to offer the IBDP program and the PYP program, being the first school in northern-Peru to offer both programmes. Currently, students in primary and secondary are studying them. Also Fleming offers the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE), by Cambridge University, in which students develop different attributes of the subjects chosen in English (except for the language courses, Spanish and French). Fleming is named after Sir Alexander Fleming, the man",
"psg_id": "10456034"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "probable that the correct information about the sulphonamide did not reach the newspapers because, since the original sulphonamide antibacterial, Prontosil, had been a discovery by the German laboratory Bayer, and as Britain was at war with Germany at the time, it was thought better to raise British morale by associating Churchill's cure with a British discovery, penicillin. Fleming's discovery of penicillin changed the world of modern medicine by introducing the age of useful antibiotics; penicillin has saved, and is still saving, millions of people around the world. The laboratory at St Mary's Hospital where Fleming discovered penicillin is home to",
"psg_id": "19511"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "diagnosed reason for it to be used, and that if it were used, never to use too little, or for too short a period, since these are the circumstances under which bacterial resistance to antibiotics develops. The popular story of Winston Churchill's father paying for Fleming's education after Fleming's father saved young Winston from death is false. According to the biography, \"Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution\" by Kevin Brown, Alexander Fleming, in a letter to his friend and colleague Andre Gratia, described this as \"A wondrous fable.\" Nor did he save Winston Churchill himself during World War",
"psg_id": "19509"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "years, and continued until 1940 to try to get help from any chemist who had enough skill to make penicillin. But Sir Henry Harris said in 1998: \"Without Fleming, no Chain; without Chain, no Florey; without Florey, no Heatley; without Heatley, no penicillin.\" Fleming's accidental discovery and isolation of penicillin in September 1928 marks the start of modern antibiotics. Before that, several scientists had published or pointed out that mould or \"Penicillium sp.\" were able to inhibit bacterial growth, and even to cure bacterial infections in animals. Ernest Duchesne in 1897 in his thesis \"Contribution to the study of vital",
"psg_id": "19506"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "nontoxic in humans by first performing toxicity tests in animals and then on humans. His subsequent experiments on penicillin's response to heat and pH allowed Fleming to increase the stability of the compound. The one test that modern scientists would find missing from his work was the test of penicillin on an infected animal, the results of which would likely have sparked great interest in penicillin and sped its development by almost a decade. The importance of his work has been recognized by the placement of an International Historic Chemical Landmark at the Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum in London on",
"psg_id": "313096"
},
{
"title": "Clan Fleming",
"text": "had succeeded his brother as the earl but when he died in 1747 the title became dormant. According to the \"Collins Scottish Clan and Family Encyclopedia\", Alexander Fleming who discovered Penicillin is the most distinguished bearer of the name in recent times. Castles that have been owned by the Clan Fleming include amongst many others: Clan Fleming Clan Fleming is a Scottish clan and is officially recognized as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms. However, as the clan does not currently have a chief that is recognized by the Lord Lyon King of Arms it is therefore considered",
"psg_id": "17037941"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "a fungus, and that the colonies of staphylococci immediately surrounding the fungus had been destroyed, whereas other staphylococci colonies farther away were normal, famously remarking \"That's funny\". Fleming showed the contaminated culture to his former assistant Merlin Price, who reminded him, \"That's how you discovered lysozyme.\" Fleming grew the mould in a pure culture and found that it produced a substance that killed a number of disease-causing bacteria. He identified the mould as being from the genus \"Penicillium\", and, after some months of calling it \"mould juice\", named the substance it released \"penicillin\" on 7 March 1929. The laboratory in",
"psg_id": "19500"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "in London (now part of Imperial College), Fleming noticed a Petri dish containing Staphylococci that had been mistakenly left open was contaminated by blue-green mould from an open window, which formed a visible growth. There was a halo of inhibited bacterial growth around the mould. Fleming concluded that the mould released a substance that repressed the growth and caused lysing of the bacteria. Once Fleming made his discovery he grew a pure culture and discovered it was a \"Penicillium\" mould, now known as \"Penicillium chrysogenum\". Fleming coined the term \"penicillin\" to describe the filtrate of a broth culture of the",
"psg_id": "313093"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "developed a method of purifying penicillin to an effective first stable form in 1940, several clinical trials ensued, and their amazing success inspired the team to develop methods for mass production and mass distribution in 1945. Fleming was modest about his part in the development of penicillin, describing his fame as the \"Fleming Myth\" and he praised Florey and Chain for transforming the laboratory curiosity into a practical drug. Fleming was the first to discover the properties of the active substance, giving him the privilege of naming it: penicillin. He also kept, grew, and distributed the original mould for twelve",
"psg_id": "19505"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "period. Almroth Wright had predicted antibiotic resistance even before it was noticed during experiments. Fleming cautioned about the use of penicillin in his many speeches around the world. On 26 June 1945, he made the following cautionary statements: \"the microbes are educated to resist penicillin and a host of penicillin-fast organisms is bred out ... In such cases the thoughtless person playing with penicillin is morally responsible for the death of the man who finally succumbs to infection with the penicillin-resistant organism. I hope this evil can be averted.\" He cautioned not to use penicillin unless there was a properly",
"psg_id": "19508"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "surface antiseptic. In the 1930s, Fleming's trials occasionally showed more promise, but Fleming largely abandoned penicillin work, leaving Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford to take up research to mass-produce it, with funds from the U.S. and British governments. They started mass production after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. By D-Day in 1944, enough penicillin had been produced to treat all the wounded in the Allied forces. In Oxford, Ernst Boris Chain and Edward Abraham were studying the molecular structure of the antibiotic. Abraham was the first to propose the correct structure of penicillin.",
"psg_id": "19503"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "printed falsehoods about a celebrity with “reckless disregard” for the truth. A celebrity suing a newspaper for libel must now prove that the paper published the falsehood with actual malice, or with deliberate knowledge that the statement was both incorrect and defamatory. Moreover, the court ruled that only factual misrepresentation is libel, not expression of opinion. Thus if a gossip columnist writes that they “...think that Celebrity X is an idiot,” the columnist does not face a risk of being sued for libel. On the other hand, if the columnist invents an allegation that “...Celebrity X is a wife beater,”",
"psg_id": "970574"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "found in the broth filtrate. Despite this, he remained interested in the potential use of penicillin and presented a paper entitled \"A Medium for the Isolation of Pfeiffer's Bacillus\" to the Medical Research Club of London, which was met with little interest and even less enthusiasm by his peers. Had Fleming been more successful at making other scientists interested in his work, penicillin for medicinal use would possibly have been developed years earlier. Despite the lack of interest of his fellow scientists, he did conduct several experiments on the antibiotic substance he discovered. The most important result proved it was",
"psg_id": "313095"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "the Fleming Museum, a popular London attraction. His alma mater, St Mary's Hospital Medical School, merged with Imperial College London in 1988. The \"Sir Alexander Fleming Building\" on the South Kensington campus was opened in 1998, where his son Robert and his great granddaughter Claire were presented to the Queen; it is now one of the main preclinical teaching sites of the Imperial College School of Medicine. His other alma mater, the Royal Polytechnic Institution (now the University of Westminster) has named one of its student halls of residence \"Alexander Fleming House\", which is near to Old Street. On 24",
"psg_id": "19512"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "December 1915, Fleming married a trained nurse, Sarah Marion McElroy of Killala, County Mayo, Ireland. Their only child, Robert Fleming (1924–2015), became a general medical practitioner. After his first wife's death in 1949, Fleming married Dr. Amalia Koutsouri-Vourekas, a Greek colleague at St. Mary's, on 9 April 1953; she died in 1986. From 1921 until his death in 1955, Fleming owned a country home in Barton Mills, Suffolk. On 11 March 1955, Fleming died at his home in London of a heart attack. He is buried in St Paul's Cathedral. Alexander Fleming Sir Alexander Fleming (6 August 1881 – 11",
"psg_id": "19513"
},
{
"title": "History of penicillin",
"text": "History of penicillin The history of penicillin follows a number of observations and discoveries of apparent evidence of antibiotic activity in molds before the modern isolation of the chemical penicillin in 1928. There are anecdotes about ancient societies using molds to treat infections, and in the following centuries many people observed the inhibition of bacterial growth by various molds. However, it is unknown if the species involved were \"Penicillium\" species or if the antimicrobial substances produced were penicillin. The Scottish physician Alexander Fleming was the first to suggest that a \"Penicillium\" mold must secrete an antibacterial substance, and the first",
"psg_id": "7485069"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "little attention was paid to his article. Fleming continued his investigations, but found that cultivating \"Penicillium\" was quite difficult, and that after having grown the mould, it was even more difficult to isolate the antibiotic agent. Fleming's impression was that because of the problem of producing it in quantity, and because its action appeared to be rather slow, penicillin would not be important in treating infection. Fleming also became convinced that penicillin would not last long enough in the human body (\"in vivo\") to kill bacteria effectively. Many clinical tests were inconclusive, probably because it had been used as a",
"psg_id": "19502"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "by scientists and physicians on the antibacterial properties of the different types of moulds including the mould penicillium but they were unable to discern what process was causing the effect. The effects of penicillium mould would finally be isolated in 1928 by Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming, in work that seems to have been independent of those earlier observations. Fleming recounted that the date of his discovery of penicillin was on the morning of Friday 28 September 1928. The traditional version of this story describes the discovery as a serendipitous accident: in his laboratory in the basement of St Mary's Hospital",
"psg_id": "313092"
},
{
"title": "Albert Alexander (police officer)",
"text": "wife of pharmacologist and medic Dr Howard Walter Florey, and Dr Charles Fletcher brought Constable Alexander's case to Florey's attention. The ability of penicillin to slow or counteract bacterial infection had first been noticed by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928. Florey, Ernst Boris Chain and Norman Heatley, at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford were working on the medical applications of penicillin, as produced by the mould \"Penicillium notatum\", and attempting to isolate quantities of penicillin from the mould large enough for a human trial. Having tried the extracted penicillin only on mice, Florey and colleagues",
"psg_id": "9691779"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "\"Penicillium\" mould. Fleming asked C. J. La Touche to help identify the mould, which he incorrectly identified as \"Penicillium rubrum\" (later corrected by Charles Thom). He expressed initial optimism that penicillin would be a useful disinfectant, because of its high potency and minimal toxicity in comparison to antiseptics of the day, and noted its laboratory value in the isolation of \"Bacillus influenzae\" (now called \"Haemophilus influenzae\"). Fleming was a famously poor communicator and orator, which meant his findings were not initially given much attention. He was unable to convince a chemist to help him extract and stabilize the antibacterial compound",
"psg_id": "313094"
},
{
"title": "Robert Alexander Fleming",
"text": "1947. In 1897 he married Eleanor Mary Holland. Their children included Launcelot Fleming FRSE. Robert Alexander Fleming Dr Robert Alexander Fleming FRSE LLD (1862-1947) was a Scottish pathologist and medical author who served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1927-29. He was born in Dundee the son of Emma Lyle and Robert Whillans Fleming, a local merchant. He was educated at Larchfield Academy and Craigmount School. He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating with an MA in 1884 and MB CB in 1888. He then became senior lecturer in Clinical Medicine",
"psg_id": "19516733"
},
{
"title": "Robert Alexander Fleming",
"text": "Robert Alexander Fleming Dr Robert Alexander Fleming FRSE LLD (1862-1947) was a Scottish pathologist and medical author who served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh 1927-29. He was born in Dundee the son of Emma Lyle and Robert Whillans Fleming, a local merchant. He was educated at Larchfield Academy and Craigmount School. He then went to the University of Edinburgh to study medicine, graduating with an MA in 1884 and MB CB in 1888. He then became senior lecturer in Clinical Medicine at the various Edinburgh medical colleges and university and senior surgeon at the Edinburgh",
"psg_id": "19516731"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "Orr-Ewing and G. Sanders) at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford made progress in showing the \"in vivo\" bactericidal action of penicillin. In 1940, they showed that penicillin effectively cured bacterial infection in mice. In 1941, they treated a policeman, Albert Alexander, with a severe face infection; his condition improved, but then supplies of penicillin ran out and he died. Subsequently, several other patients were treated successfully. In December 1942, survivors of the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston were the first burn patients to be successfully treated with penicillin. By late 1940, the Oxford team under",
"psg_id": "313098"
},
{
"title": "Sir Sandford Fleming Park",
"text": "Sir Sandford Fleming Park Sir Sandford Fleming Park is a Canadian urban park located in the community of Jollimore in Halifax Regional Municipality. It is also known as Dingle Park which means wooded valley. The park was donated to the people of Halifax by Sir Sandford Fleming. The centrepiece of the park is an impressive tower that commemorates Nova Scotia's achievement of representative government in 1758. Constructed between 1908 and 1912, the Memorial Tower was erected during the same period of building other commemorative towers in the British Commonwealth, notably Cabot Tower in Bristol, England (1898) and Cabot Tower in",
"psg_id": "3970311"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "and they believe that their reputation has been defamed — that is, exposed to hatred, contempt, ridicule, or pecuniary loss. Gossip columnists cannot defend against libel claims by arguing that they merely repeated, but did not originate the defaming rumor or claim; instead, a columnist must prove that the allegedly defaming statement was truthful, or that it was based on a reasonably reliable source. In the mid-1960s, rulings by the United States Supreme Court made it harder for the media to be sued for libel in the U.S. The court ruled that libel only occurred in cases where a publication",
"psg_id": "970573"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "Fleming went to Loudoun Moor School and Darvel School, and earned a two-year scholarship to Kilmarnock Academy before moving to London, where he attended the Royal Polytechnic Institution. After working in a shipping office for four years, the twenty-year-old Alexander Fleming inherited some money from an uncle, John Fleming. His elder brother, Tom, was already a physician and suggested to him that he should follow the same career, and so in 1903, the younger Alexander enrolled at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in Paddington; he qualified with an MBBS degree from the school with distinction in 1906. Fleming had been",
"psg_id": "19494"
},
{
"title": "Howard Florey",
"text": "Howard Florey Howard Walter Florey, Baron Florey, (24 September 189821 February 1968) was an Australian pharmacologist and pathologist who shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Sir Ernst Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the development of penicillin. Although Fleming received most of the credit for the discovery of penicillin, it was Florey who carried out the first ever clinical trials in 1941 of penicillin at the Radcliffe Infirmary in Oxford on the first patient, a constable from Oxford. The patient started to recover but subsequently died because Florey was unable, at that",
"psg_id": "503917"
},
{
"title": "Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet",
"text": "Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet (1748–1806) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 32 years from 1774 to 1806. Fleming was the only son of Sir William Fleming, 3rd Baronet of Rydal, Westmorland, and his wife Elizabeth Petyt, daughter of Christopher Petyt of Skipton, Yorkshire and was born on 10 December 1748. His father died when he was nine on 31 March 1757 and he succeeded to the baronetcy. Sir James Lowther became his ward. Fleming was educated at Eton College from 1760 to 1765. In 1770 he",
"psg_id": "20417677"
},
{
"title": "History of penicillin",
"text": "to concentrate the active substance involved, which he named penicillin, in 1928. Penicillin was the first modern antibiotic. During the next twelve years Fleming grew, distributed, and studied the original mold, which was determined to be a rare variant of \"Penicillium notatum\" (now \"Penicillium chrysogenum\"). Many later scientists were involved in the stabilization and mass production of penicillin and in the search for more productive strains of \"Penicillium\". Important contributors include Ernst Chain, Howard Florey, Norman Heatley, and Edward Abraham. Shortly after the discovery of penicillin, scientists found that some disease-causing pathogens display antibiotic resistance to penicillin. Research that aims",
"psg_id": "7485070"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "into ill-repute after the heyday of Hopper and Parsons, gossip columnists saw a comeback in the 1980s. Today, many mainstream magazines such as \"Time\" which would once have considered the idea of hiring gossip columnists to pen articles to have been beneath their stature, have sections titled \"People\" or \"Entertainment\". These mainstream gossip columns provide a light, chatty glimpse into the private lives and misadventures of the rich and famous. At the other end of the journalism spectrum, there are entire publications that deal primarily in gossip, rumor, and innuendo about celebrities, such as the 'red-top' tabloids in the UK",
"psg_id": "970578"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming (doctor)",
"text": "Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength known as Fleming's tincture. Having spent some years at Cork as professor of materia medica in the Queen's College, he went in 1858 to Birmingham, where he held the honorary office of physician to the Queen's Hospital until his retirement through ill-health in",
"psg_id": "15269202"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "who used political, entertainment, and social connections to mine information and rumors, which he then either published in his column \"On Broadway\", or used for trade or blackmail, to accumulate more power. He became \"the most feared journalist\" of his era. In Hollywood's \"golden age\" in the 1930s and 1940s, gossip columnists were courted by the movie studios, so that the studios could use gossip columns as a powerful publicity tool. During this period, the major film studios had \"stables\" of contractually obligated actors, and the studios controlled nearly all aspects of the lives of their movie stars. From the",
"psg_id": "970576"
},
{
"title": "Fleming Alexander",
"text": "on December 13, 1980 in New York City, and is buried at the Roselawn Cemetery in Christiansburg, Virginia. Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the \"Roanoke Tribune\" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was \"Poor\". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry",
"psg_id": "19460988"
},
{
"title": "Fleming Alexander",
"text": "Fleming Alexander The Rev. Fleming Emory Alexander (April 14, 1888 – December 13, 1980) was a noted minister, businessman and newspaper publisher. Alexander founded and published the \"Roanoke Tribune\" in Roanoke, Virginia, which is one of the nation's longest-running black newspapers. He was also a noted anti-segregationist. He never knew his parents, and as a child his surname was \"Poor\". At a young age, he was adopted into the Alexander family. During World War I, he served in the 802nd Pioneer Infantry regiment. Before moving to Roanoke, he worked with the \"Atlanta Daily World\" and \"Louisburg Reporter\". For a short",
"psg_id": "19460983"
},
{
"title": "Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez",
"text": "in Bacteriology with Sir Alexander Fleming, who discovered Penicillin, becoming the first Cuban woman to obtain this scholarship. She studied under the direction of Dr. Fleming at St. Mary's Hospital in the University of London and, later, Dr. Fleming and his wife visited Tamargo-Sanchez and her family in Cuba, where, at her request, he lectured at the University of Havana. She came to the United States in 1968 and worked at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York until her retirement in 1980. She then spent her last 22 years in Miami with her family. Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez Dr. Margarita Tamargo-Sanchez (September 30,",
"psg_id": "10243045"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "Shortly after the team published its first results in 1940, Fleming telephoned Howard Florey, Chain's head of department, to say that he would be visiting within the next few days. When Chain heard that Fleming was coming, he remarked \"Good God! I thought he was dead.\" Norman Heatley suggested transferring the active ingredient of penicillin back into water by changing its acidity. This produced enough of the drug to begin testing on animals. There were many more people involved in the Oxford team, and at one point the entire Dunn School was involved in its production. After the team had",
"psg_id": "19504"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming (doctor)",
"text": "1873. He died at Brixton, London, on 21 August 1875. Besides the works above mentioned, he published two introductory addresses and two papers in the 'Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science ' (on measles of the pig, and on the classification of medicines). Alexander Fleming (doctor) Alexander Fleming, M.D. (1824 – 21 August 1875), was born in 1824 at Edinburgh, where he studied medicine and graduated M.D. in 1844. His chief work was his college essay on the 'Physiological and Medicinal Properties of Aconitum Napellus,' Lond. 1845, which led to the introduction of a tincture of aconite of uniform strength",
"psg_id": "15269203"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "the BBC's television poll for determining the 100 Greatest Britons, and in 2009, he was also voted third \"greatest Scot\" in an opinion poll conducted by STV, behind only Robert Burns and William Wallace. Born on 6 August 1881 at Lochfield farm near Darvel, in Ayrshire, Scotland, Alexander was the third of four children of farmer Hugh Fleming (1816–1888) from his second marriage to Grace Stirling Morton (1848–1928), the daughter of a neighbouring farmer. Hugh Fleming had four surviving children from his first marriage. He was 59 at the time of his second marriage, and died when Alexander was seven.",
"psg_id": "19493"
},
{
"title": "Amalia Fleming",
"text": "Amalia Fleming Amalia Fleming, Lady Fleming, née Koutsouri-Vourekas (; 28 June 1912 – 26 February 1986) was a Greek physician, activist and politician. Fleming was born in Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) in 1912. She moved to Greece and, during the Axis occupation of Greece, took part in the Greek Resistance, for which she was jailed by the Italians. She married Sir Alexander Fleming in 1953, but with his death in March 1955 she was widowed less than two years later. She returned to Greece in 1963 and was arrested by the Greek military junta (1967-1974) for acts of resistance. She",
"psg_id": "11641198"
},
{
"title": "Sir Alexander Fleming College",
"text": "art audio-visual rooms, electronic smart boards and computer and science labs. As every British school around the world, Fleming has the house system, led by 4 house captains, 2 in primary and 2 in secondary, and a teacher house representative. The houses are named by important English men, in this case are; Jeffreys (named by Alexander Jeffreys), Hawkings (named by Stephen Hawkings) and Bannister (named by Roger Bannister). The houses compete in different areas such as sports, during school olympics, academic and oral. At the end of the year, the house which won more points during the year, is awarded",
"psg_id": "10456033"
},
{
"title": "Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet",
"text": "Earl of Suffolk on 23 November 1782, but in 1793 she was said to be on the verge of leaving him. He died on 19 May 1806. He was succeeded in the baronetcy by his cousin Sir Daniel Fleming who married Anne his only legitimate daughter. Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet Sir Michael le Fleming, 4th Baronet (1748–1806) was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons for 32 years from 1774 to 1806. Fleming was the only son of Sir William Fleming, 3rd Baronet of Rydal, Westmorland, and his wife Elizabeth Petyt, daughter of Christopher Petyt",
"psg_id": "20417679"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "celebrity or their projects, or to counteract \"bad press\" that has recently surfaced about their conduct. While gossip columnists’ \"bread and butter\" is rumor, innuendo, and allegations of scandalous behavior, there is a fine line between legally acceptable spreading of rumor and the making of defamatory statements, which can provoke a lawsuit. Newspaper and magazine editorial policies normally require gossip columnists to have a source for all of their allegations, to protect the publisher against lawsuits for defamation (libel). In the United States, celebrities or public figures can sue for libel if their private lives are revealed in gossip columns",
"psg_id": "970572"
},
{
"title": "Richard Johnson (columnist)",
"text": "Richard Johnson (columnist) Richard Johnson is an American gossip columnist with the \"New York Post\"s Page Six column, which he edited for 25 years. Described by the \"New York Times\" as \"a journalistic descendant of Walter Winchell\", in 1994 he was ranked the #1 New York City gossip columnist by \"New York\" magazine in a list that also included Liz Smith, Michael Musto, and Cindy Adams. Johnson was raised in Greenwich Village, New York, the son of a magazine editor father and a mother who worked in public relations. He attended the University of Colorado, Boulder, and later Empire State",
"psg_id": "20516016"
},
{
"title": "Sir",
"text": "\"sire\", which was already used in English since at least c.1205 as a title placed before a name and denoting knighthood, and to address the (male) Sovereign since c.1225, with additional general senses of 'father, male parent' is from c.1250, and 'important elderly man' from 1362. The prefix is used with the holder's given name or full name, but never with the surname alone. For example, whilst Sir Alexander and Sir Alexander Fleming would be correct, Sir Fleming would not. The equivalent for a female who holds a knighthood or baronetcy in her own right is 'Dame', and follows the",
"psg_id": "1741544"
},
{
"title": "Ernst Chain",
"text": "venoms, tumour metabolism, lysozymes, and biochemistry techniques. Chain was naturalised as a British subject in 1939. In 1939, he joined Howard Florey to investigate natural antibacterial agents produced by microorganisms. This led him and Florey to revisit the work of Alexander Fleming, who had described penicillin nine years earlier. Chain and Florey went on to discover penicillin's therapeutic action and its chemical composition. Chain and Florey discovered how to isolate and concentrate the germ-killing agent in penicillin. Along with Edward Abraham he was also involved in theorising the beta-lactam structure of penicillin in 1942, which was confirmed by X-ray crystallography",
"psg_id": "3302632"
},
{
"title": "Edward Abraham",
"text": "and the Oxford-EPA Cephalosporin Graduate Scholarship). Abraham was the recipient of many awards over his lifetime: Edward Abraham Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin. From 1924 Abraham attended King Edward VI School, Southampton, before achieving a First in Chemistry at The Queen's College, Oxford. Abraham completed his DPhil at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Sir Robert Robinson, during which he was the first to crystallise lysozyme, an enzyme discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming and shown to have",
"psg_id": "3627443"
},
{
"title": "Edward Abraham",
"text": "Edward Abraham Sir Edward Penley Abraham, (10 June 1913 – 8 May 1999) was an English biochemist instrumental in the development of the first antibiotics penicillin and cephalosporin. From 1924 Abraham attended King Edward VI School, Southampton, before achieving a First in Chemistry at The Queen's College, Oxford. Abraham completed his DPhil at the University of Oxford under the supervision of Sir Robert Robinson, during which he was the first to crystallise lysozyme, an enzyme discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming and shown to have antibacterial properties, and was later the first enzyme to have its structure solved using X-ray crystallography,",
"psg_id": "3627436"
},
{
"title": "Howard Florey",
"text": "time, to make enough penicillin. It was Florey and Chain who actually made a useful and effective drug out of penicillin, after the task had been abandoned as too difficult. Florey's discoveries, along with the discoveries of Alexander Fleming and Ernst Chain, are estimated to have saved over 200 million lives, and he is consequently regarded by the Australian scientific and medical community as one of its greatest figures. Sir Robert Menzies, Australia's longest-serving Prime Minister, said, \"In terms of world well-being, Florey was the most important man ever born in Australia\". Howard Florey was the youngest of three children",
"psg_id": "503918"
},
{
"title": "History of penicillin",
"text": "and subsequently concentrated what he later named \"penicillin\". During the next twelve years, Fleming grew and distributed the original mold, which was eventually identified as \"Penicillium notatum\" (now known as \"Penicillium chrysogenum\"). He was unsuccessful in making a stable form of it for mass production. Cecil George Paine, a pathologist at the Royal Infirmary in Sheffield, attempted to treat sycosis (eruptions in beard follicles) with penicillin but was unsuccessful, probably because the drug did not penetrate deep enough. Moving on to ophthalmia neonatorum, a gonococcal infection in babies, he achieved the first cure on 25 November 1930. He cured four",
"psg_id": "7485078"
},
{
"title": "Ethel Léontine Gabain",
"text": "developed during the war. In 1944, as well as depicting Sir Alexander Fleming working in the laboratory where he had discovered penicillin, Gabain also recorded, in \"A Child Bomb-Victim Receiving Penicillin Treatment\", a young girl being treated with the drug. She recorded pioneering treatments of burns victims, including the introduction of a new continuous irrigation method. Several industrial firms commissioned works from Gabain. Williams and Williams, Reliance Works in Chester commissioned Gabain to produce a number of lithographs and oils. One oil shows \"Women Workers in the Canteen at Williams and Williams\". These were brought about by Lawrence Haward, the",
"psg_id": "14670402"
},
{
"title": "Gossip columnist",
"text": "romantic relationships, affairs, and purported personal problems. Gossip columnists have a reciprocal relationship with the celebrities whose private lives are splashed about in the gossip column's pages. While gossip columnists sometimes engage in (borderline) defamatory conduct, spreading innuendo about alleged immoral or illegal conduct that can injure celebrities' reputations, they also are an important part of the \"Star System\" publicity machine that turns movie actors and musicians into celebrities and superstars that are the objects of the public's obsessive attention and interest. The publicity agents of celebrities often provide or \"leak\" information or rumors to gossip columnists to publicize the",
"psg_id": "970571"
},
{
"title": "Amalia Fleming",
"text": "Concern, and Human Rights Union. Fleming initiated and funded the establishment of the Greek Foundation for Basic Biological Research \"Alexander Fleming\" (1965) which was later transformed to the Biomedical Sciences Research Center \"Alexander Fleming\", a governmental, non-profit institution which is actively involved in research areas covering immunology, molecular biology, genetics and molecular oncology. Amalia Fleming died in 1986. The same year a hospital was founded at Athens and named after her (currently known as Sismanogleio-Amalia Fleming General Hospital). Amalia Fleming Amalia Fleming, Lady Fleming, née Koutsouri-Vourekas (; 28 June 1912 – 26 February 1986) was a Greek physician, activist and",
"psg_id": "11641200"
},
{
"title": "Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet",
"text": "became rector of both Windermere and Grasmere and gave William Wordsworth a home at Rydal Mount. Before moving to Rydal Hall, the Le Fleming family lived at Coniston Hall, which is now owned by the National Trust. Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet (1667 – 2 July 1747) was a British churchman. A member of the old Westmorland family, Fleming was the fifth son of Sir Daniel Le Fleming of Rydal Hall. Along with his three brothers, he was educated at Sedbergh School. From Sedbergh, he progressed to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1688. He became",
"psg_id": "5289596"
},
{
"title": "James Brady (columnist)",
"text": "James Brady (columnist) James Winston Brady (November 15, 1928 – January 26, 2009) was an American celebrity columnist who created the \"Page Six\" gossip column in the \"New York Post\" and \"W\" magazine; he wrote the \"In Step With\" column in \"Parade\" for nearly 25 years until his death. He wrote several books related to war, particularly the Korean War, in which he served as a United States Marine Corps officer. Brady was born in Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn. His career in journalism started working as a copy boy for the \"Daily News\", where he worked while attending Manhattan College. He",
"psg_id": "12969309"
},
{
"title": "The Sirens of Time",
"text": "are being used to revitalise the Knights. She proceeds to reveal what happened next at each of the nexus points. The Seventh Doctor rerouted the planetary shields to repel the bio-assassins and save Sancroff. The Knights one day found him to inspire their plans of conquest. The Fifth Doctor's actions prevented the sinking of the Lusitania. Although the outcome of the First World War was not greatly affected, a common criminal on board the ship who should have died went on to murder Alexander Fleming. Penicillin was never discovered and in 1956 a plague devastated the Earth. This in turn",
"psg_id": "4784292"
},
{
"title": "Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet",
"text": "Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet (1667 – 2 July 1747) was a British churchman. A member of the old Westmorland family, Fleming was the fifth son of Sir Daniel Le Fleming of Rydal Hall. Along with his three brothers, he was educated at Sedbergh School. From Sedbergh, he progressed to St Edmund Hall, Oxford in 1688. He became Canon of Carlisle Cathedral in 1700, Archdeacon of Carlisle in 1705, Dean in 1727 and finally Bishop of Carlisle in 1734. He succeeded as 2nd Baronet in 1736. A successor, the Revd Sir Richard Le Fleming Bt,",
"psg_id": "5289595"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin",
"text": "caused by infected wounds among Allied forces, saving an estimated 12%–15% of lives. Availability was severely limited, however, by the difficulty of manufacturing large quantities of penicillin and by the rapid renal clearance of the drug, necessitating frequent dosing. Methods for mass production of penicillin were patented by Andrew Jackson Moyer in 1945. Florey had not patented penicillin, having been advised by Sir Henry Dale that doing so would be unethical. Penicillin is actively excreted, and about 80% of a penicillin dose is cleared from the body within three to four hours of administration. Indeed, during the early penicillin era,",
"psg_id": "313102"
},
{
"title": "Hugh Jackson (paediatrician)",
"text": "at Oxford University. One of his teachers was Sir Howard Florey a pioneer who went on to win the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 along with Sir Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Alexander Fleming for his role in the making of penicillin. Jackson was fortunate to see some of the early successes with penicillin. He trained in the A&E department at Radcliffe Infirmary and also in Wingfield Orthopaedic Hospital where he met his future wife Shirley who was doing research in traumatic nerve damage. He and Shirley were married in 1945. Dr. Jackson died 5 October 2013",
"psg_id": "17610703"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming",
"text": "II. Churchill was saved by Lord Moran, using sulphonamides, since he had no experience with penicillin, when Churchill fell ill in Carthage in Tunisia in 1943. \"The Daily Telegraph\" and \"The Morning Post\" on 21 December 1943 wrote that he had been saved by penicillin. He was saved by the new sulphonamide drug Sulphapyridine, known at the time under the research code M&B 693, discovered and produced by May & Baker Ltd, Dagenham, Essex – a subsidiary of the French group Rhône-Poulenc. In a subsequent radio broadcast, Churchill referred to the new drug as \"This admirable M&B\". It is highly",
"psg_id": "19510"
},
{
"title": "Sir Alexander Buchanan",
"text": "this the Clan Buchanan coat of arms to this day depicts a ducal coronet being held up in triumph. Sir Alexander was killed three years later at the Battle of Verneuil, in which the Scottish army was all-but destroyed. The English shouted \"A Clarence! A Clarence!\" during the attack, invoking the memory of the deceased Duke as a battle cry for revenge. Sir Alexander died without issue and his father, Sir Walter Buchanan, eleventh Laird of Buchanan, was succeeded by his second son, Sir Walter Buchanan, twelfth Laird of Buchanan. Sir Alexander Buchanan Sir Alexander Buchanan (d. 1424) was the",
"psg_id": "14493866"
},
{
"title": "Nobel Prize controversies",
"text": "various infectious diseases\". Fleming accidentally stumbled upon the then-unidentified fungal mold. However, some critics pointed out that Fleming did not in fact discover penicillin, that it was technically a rediscovery; decades before Fleming, Sir John Scott Burdon-Sanderson, William Roberts (physician), John Tyndall and Ernest Duchesne had already done studies and research on its useful properties and medicinal characteristics. Moreover, according to Fleming himself, the first known reference to penicillin was from Psalm 51: \"Purge me with hyssop and I shall be clean\". Meanwhile, he had learned from mycologist Charles Thom (the same who helped Fleming establish the identity of the",
"psg_id": "4622994"
},
{
"title": "Almroth Wright",
"text": "and remained there until his retirement in 1946. Among the many bacteriologists who followed in Wright's footsteps at St Mary's was Sir Alexander Fleming, who in turn later discovered lysozyme and penicillin. Wright was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1906. Leonard Colebrook became his assistant from 1907 and continued working with him until 1929. Wright warned early on that antibiotics would create resistant bacteria, something that has proven an increasing danger. He made his thoughts on preventive medicine influential, stressing preventive measures. Wright's ideas have been re-asserted recently—70 years after his death—by modern researchers in articles",
"psg_id": "4493848"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Fleming Day",
"text": "Thomas Fleming Day Thomas Fleming Day (1861 – August 19, 1927) was a sailboat designer and sailboat racer. He was the founding editor of \"The Rudder\", a monthly magazine about boats. He was the first to win the annual New York to Bermuda race. The T. F. Day Trophy is named for him. He was born in Somerset, England in March 1861, emigrated with his parents to the United States when he was a young boy, and was brought up on Long Island Sound. In 1890, he founded \"The Rudder\", \"A monthly journal devoted to aquatic sport and trade,\" which",
"psg_id": "15052025"
},
{
"title": "Kevin Brown (historian)",
"text": "the United States Department of Agriculture National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research at Peoria, Illinois. He was Chairman of the London Museums of Health & Medicine from 2001 to 2004. He is an authority on Alexander Fleming and the history of penicillin. Brown's 2004 biography of Alexander Fleming, \"Penicillin Man: Alexander Fleming and the Antibiotic Revolution\" tells the story of the discovery of penicillin and of the great scientist who made that breakthrough. He has also written a history of syphilis, \"The Pox: the Life and Near Death of a Very Social Disease\" in 2006 and has written a study",
"psg_id": "10369354"
},
{
"title": "Robert Brattain",
"text": "and rapid transmission of the technology within a network of war-time companies, but the secrecy restrictions limited the extent to which the Brattain-Beckman work became publicly known. Companies such as Perkin-Elmer whose work was not as restricted, were able to publish about their work in infrared spectroscopy before Brattain and Beckman could do so. After the war, such instruments were adopted widely by chemists because they were simple to use, reliable, and reasonably priced. Penicillin, a powerful antibiotic, was discovered in 1928 by Scottish scientist Sir Alexander Fleming. During World War II, the drug was in demand to treat both",
"psg_id": "18710113"
},
{
"title": "Billy Masters (columnist)",
"text": "Billy Masters (columnist) Billy Masters (born February 13, 1969 in Somerville, Massachusetts) is best known as an openly gay gossip columnist whose work is syndicated to gay and alternative publications around the United States. In 1995, his column (originally called \"Filth2Go\") appeared in \"Odyssey Magazine\", San Francisco. Within three months, it was in over 20 publications, marking the first time a columnist was syndicated in gay papers. By 1998, he started the website Filth2Go.com which routinely was ranked in the top 100,000 websites around the world (according to Alexa.com). In 2005, the column became known simply as \"Billy Masters\" and",
"psg_id": "7767597"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin binding proteins",
"text": "original penicillin molecule has increased the affinity of PBPs for penicillin, and, thus, increased effectiveness in bacteria with developing resistance. Presence of the protein penicillin binding protein 2A (PBP2A) is responsible for the antibiotic resistance seen in methicillin-resistant \"Staphylococcus aureus\" (MRSA). The β-lactam ring is a structure common to all β-lactam antibiotics. PASTA domain Penicillin binding proteins Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except",
"psg_id": "7207674"
},
{
"title": "Sir Alexander MacKenzie Elementary School",
"text": "Sir Alexander MacKenzie Elementary School Sir Alexander Mackenzie Elementary is a public elementary school in Vancouver, British Columbia part of School District 39 Vancouver. Mackenzie was constructed in 1925 with an enrollment of about 25 to 30 students. In 1930 the official school was built and opened for grades K to 7. Students had to wear uniforms which were the school colours of blue and white and the girls had to go in through the south side and the boys had to go in through the west side. When Fleming elementary was constructed the board of education was thinking of",
"psg_id": "8580538"
},
{
"title": "Earl Wilson (columnist)",
"text": "Earl Wilson (columnist) Harvey Earl Wilson (May 3, 1907 – January 16, 1987) was an American journalist, gossip columnist, and author, perhaps best known for his 6-day a week nationally syndicated newspaper column, \"It Happened Last Night\". Wilson was born in Rockford, in Mercer County in western Ohio, to Arthur Wilson, a farmer, and Chloe Huffman Wilson. He attended Central High, where he reported on the doings of the school, using his father's typewriter to write his stories. Young Earl's mother encouraged him to pursue a career outside of farming. Wilson contributed to the \"Rockford Press\" and the Lima \"Republican\"",
"psg_id": "10588590"
},
{
"title": "Billy Masters (columnist)",
"text": "of a Hollywood Insider\" at Chicago's Bailiwick Repertory Theatre. At the time, Billy was in Chicago for the Grabby Awards and International Mr . Leather. Billy Masters (columnist) Billy Masters (born February 13, 1969 in Somerville, Massachusetts) is best known as an openly gay gossip columnist whose work is syndicated to gay and alternative publications around the United States. In 1995, his column (originally called \"Filth2Go\") appeared in \"Odyssey Magazine\", San Francisco. Within three months, it was in over 20 publications, marking the first time a columnist was syndicated in gay papers. By 1998, he started the website Filth2Go.com which",
"psg_id": "7767602"
},
{
"title": "Alex Gossip",
"text": "Alex Gossip Alexander Gossip (11 September 1862 – 14 May 1952) was a Scottish trade union leader and political activist. Born at Crawford Priory in Fife, where his father was head gardener, Gossip was educated at Madras Academy, leaving at the age of fourteen to complete an apprenticeship as a cabinet-maker. On completing this, he joined the United Operative Cabinet and Chairmakers' Society of Scotland, soon becoming its assistant general secretary. Through his trade union activity, he befriended Keir Hardie, who converted him to socialism. Gossip was a founding member of the Independent Labour Party (ILP) in 1893. Three years",
"psg_id": "19422069"
},
{
"title": "Micrococcus luteus",
"text": "Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligate aerobe, \"M. luteus\" is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. It was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming before he discovered penicillin in 1928. \"M. luteus\" is considered a contaminant in sick patients and is resistant by slowing of major metabolic processes and induction of unique genes.",
"psg_id": "5228267"
},
{
"title": "Micrococcus luteus",
"text": "cancer, and scientists believe this pigment can be used to make a sunscreen that can protect against ultraviolet light. Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, nonmotile, coccus, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. It is urease and catalase positive. An obligate aerobe, \"M. luteus\" is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. It was discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming before he discovered penicillin in 1928. \"M. luteus\" is considered",
"psg_id": "5228270"
},
{
"title": "William Hickey (columnist)",
"text": "William Hickey (columnist) \"William Hickey\" is the pseudonymous byline of a gossip column published in the \"Daily Express\", a British newspaper. It was named after the eighteenth-century diarist William Hickey. The column was first established by Tom Driberg in May 1933. An existing gossip column was relaunched following the intervention of the \"Express\"'s proprietor Lord Beaverbrook. It was titled \"These Names Make News\". Driberg described the new feature as \"...an intimate biographical column about ... men and women who matter. Artists, statesmen, airmen, writers, financiers, explorers...\" Historian David Kynaston calls Driberg the \"founder of the modern gossip column\", which moved",
"psg_id": "12665075"
},
{
"title": "Microfungi",
"text": "spreading the fungus. Many microfungi species are benign, existing as soil saprotrophs, for example, largely unobserved by humans. Many thousands of microfungal species occur in lichens, forming symbiotic relationships with algae. Other microfungi, such as those of the genera \"Penicillium\", \"Aspergillus\" and \"Neurospora\", were first discovered as molds causing spoilage of fruit and bread. Certain species have commercial value. \"Penicillium\" species are used in the manufacture of blue cheeses and as the source of the antibiotic penicillin, discovered by Sir Alexander Fleming in 1928, while fusarium venenatum is used to produce a mycoprotein food product. Microfungi can also be harmful,",
"psg_id": "9975594"
},
{
"title": "Fleming College",
"text": "Yellow Umbrella Project and Bell Let's Talk Day, and organized Big Brothers Big Sisters Come to Fleming day. The social and political needs of students are served through the Student Administrative Council (SAC) at Sutherland Campus and the Student Association (SA) at Frost Campus. These are student-run corporations. Fleming College Fleming College, also known as Sir Sandford Fleming College, is an Ontario College of Applied Arts and Technology located at Peterborough, Ontario, Canada. The college has an enrollment of more than 5,800 full-time and 10,000 part-time students. The college was named after the Scottish born engineer and inventor Sandford Fleming,",
"psg_id": "4462803"
},
{
"title": "Penicillin binding proteins",
"text": "Penicillin binding proteins Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are a group of proteins that are characterized by their affinity for and binding of penicillin. They are a normal constituent of many bacteria; the name just reflects the way by which the protein was discovered. All β-lactam antibiotics (except for tabtoxinine-β-lactam, which inhibits glutamine synthetase) bind to PBPs, which are essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis. PBPs are members of a subgroup of enzymes called transpeptidases. Specifically, PBPs are DD-transpeptidases. There are a large number of PBPs, usually several in each organism, and they are found as both membrane-bound and cytoplasmic proteins. For",
"psg_id": "7207669"
},
{
"title": "Benzylpenicillin",
"text": "of penicillin allergy. Use during pregnancy is generally safe. It is in the penicillin and β-lactam class of medications. Benzylpenicillin was discovered in 1929 by Alexander Fleming and came into commercial use in 1942. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is about US$0.24–2.72 per day. In the United States a course of treatment costs $100–200. As an antibiotic, benzylpenicillin is noted to possess effectiveness mainly against Gram-positive organisms. Some Gram-negative organisms such as \"Neisseria gonorrhoeae\" and \"Leptospira",
"psg_id": "12058337"
},
{
"title": "Mike Walker (columnist)",
"text": "Mike Walker (columnist) Mike Walker (January 16, 1946 – February 16, 2018) was an American radio personality and gossip columnist for \"The National Enquirer\", and hosted the magazine's 1999-2001 MGM-produced newsmagazine, \"National Enquirer TV\". He is also the author of the 2005 book, \"Rather Dumb: A Top Tabloid Reporter Tells CBS How to Do News.\" Between April 11, 1996 and December 2010, Walker was a guest every week on \"The Howard Stern Show\" to play \"The Gossip Game.\" He would read four gossip stories, and the Stern crew guesses which one is false. During a 2006 Stern show appearance, Stern",
"psg_id": "5274239"
},
{
"title": "Fleming Alexander",
"text": "newspaper has a printed purpose: \"1) to promote self-esteem; 2) to encourage RESPECT for self and differences in others, and 3) to help create lasting vehicles through which diverse peoples can unite on some common basis.\" Later, because of poor health after a car accident in 1971, he sold the \"Roanoke Tribune\" to his daughter, Claudia Alexander Whitworth. The \"Roanoke Tribune\" celebrated its 75th anniversary on April 9, 2014. A recent video history of the newspaper is available. Fleming Alexander was an early advocate of desegregation in Virginia's schools. After the \"Brown v. Topeka Board of Education\", decision, Alexander was",
"psg_id": "19460986"
},
{
"title": "History of penicillin",
"text": "of a \"Penicillium glaucum\" mold, even curing infected guinea pigs of typhoid. He published a dissertation in 1897 but it was ignored by the Institut Pasteur. Duchesne was himself using a discovery made earlier by Arab stable boys, who used molds to cure sores on horses. He did not claim that the mold contained any antibacterial substance, only that the mold somehow protected the animals. The penicillin isolated by Fleming does not cure typhoid and so it remains unknown which substance might have responsible for Duchesne's cure. In Belgium in 1920, Andre Gratia and Sara Dath observed a fungal contamination",
"psg_id": "7485076"
},
{
"title": "Daniel Fleming (antiquary)",
"text": "the Roman era to the university of Oxford. Fleming married in 1655 Barbara, eldest daughter of Sir Henry Fletcher of Hutton, Cumberland, who was killed at Rowton Heath on the side of the king in 1645. His eldest son, William, created a baronet 4 October 1705, died in 1736, and was succeeded by his brother Sir George Fleming, 2nd Baronet, bishop of Carlisle. Daniel Fleming (antiquary) Sir Daniel Fleming (1633–1701), was an English antiquarian and politician. Fleming was born on 25 July 1633, the eldest son of William Fleming of Coniston, North Lancashire, and Rydal, Westmoreland, by Alice, eldest daughter",
"psg_id": "15839697"
},
{
"title": "Alvin Ingram",
"text": "in 1944, it housed 3,286 GI–patients. The U.S. Army designated Bushnell Hospital as the military’s first center for the study of penicillin’s possible use. On April 1, 1943, the first shipment of penicillin arrived at Bushnell, and during the War, it administered penicillin more than any other institution in the United States. In addition to administering some of the first doses of penicillin, Ingram promoted its use to the surrounding Brigham community. In speech by then-Captain Alvin Ingram to the Rotary Club of Brigham City, he explained how penicillin was discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming, and extolled recent successes",
"psg_id": "18491365"
},
{
"title": "Jack Suchet",
"text": "Jack Suchet Jack Suchet (10 May 1908 – 9 September 2001) was a South African-born English consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist, who carried out research on the use of penicillin in the treatment of venereal disease with Sir Alexander Fleming in London. He was the father of newsreader John Suchet and actor David Suchet. Suchet was born in Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1908 to Isidor Suchedowitz, a Lithuanian Jewish immigrant from Memel. His father, who had changed the family surname from Suchedowitz to Suchet, wanted Jack to go into business, and he studied Business Administration at the University of Cape Town",
"psg_id": "10170181"
},
{
"title": "George Fleming (footballer, born 1869)",
"text": "Liverpool. George Fleming (footballer, born 1869) George Fleming (born 20 May 1869 in Bannockburn, Scotland) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool F.C. in The Football League. Fleming started his career at East Stirlingshire F.C., before he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., where he made 187 appearances for the club from 1894 to 1901. Fleming was transferred to Liverpool in 1901, he made 26 appearances in his debut season, which decreased the following seasons. He made more appearances in the 1905–06 season, but the following season he only appeared sporadically and eventually became the assistant trainer",
"psg_id": "16387386"
},
{
"title": "George Fleming (footballer, born 1869)",
"text": "George Fleming (footballer, born 1869) George Fleming (born 20 May 1869 in Bannockburn, Scotland) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender for Liverpool F.C. in The Football League. Fleming started his career at East Stirlingshire F.C., before he moved to Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C., where he made 187 appearances for the club from 1894 to 1901. Fleming was transferred to Liverpool in 1901, he made 26 appearances in his debut season, which decreased the following seasons. He made more appearances in the 1905–06 season, but the following season he only appeared sporadically and eventually became the assistant trainer at",
"psg_id": "16387385"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center",
"text": "Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center The Biomedical Sciences Research Center \"Alexander Fleming\" is a non-profit research organisation based in Vari, Athens, Greece. The Center is named after the scientist Alexander Fleming. Since the beginning of its operations in 1998, the Center develops basic as well as translational and applied research programs at the cutting edge of modern biomedical sciences. Currently the Center hosts 14 research groups distributed in 4 Institutes (Immunology, Molecular Oncology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cellular & Developmental Biology). Over the short period since its establishment, BSRC Al. Fleming has gained extensive visibility in the European science",
"psg_id": "11825639"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center",
"text": "disease (inflammation, cancer, metabolic syndrome, CNS disorders) Alexander Fleming Biomedical Sciences Research Center The Biomedical Sciences Research Center \"Alexander Fleming\" is a non-profit research organisation based in Vari, Athens, Greece. The Center is named after the scientist Alexander Fleming. Since the beginning of its operations in 1998, the Center develops basic as well as translational and applied research programs at the cutting edge of modern biomedical sciences. Currently the Center hosts 14 research groups distributed in 4 Institutes (Immunology, Molecular Oncology, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cellular & Developmental Biology). Over the short period since its establishment, BSRC Al. Fleming has",
"psg_id": "11825643"
},
{
"title": "James Brady (columnist)",
"text": "survived by his wife (the former Florence Kelly, whom he married in 1958), two daughters (including author Susan Konig), four grandchildren and brother Monsignor Tom Brady who died March 28, 2013. James Brady (columnist) James Winston Brady (November 15, 1928 – January 26, 2009) was an American celebrity columnist who created the \"Page Six\" gossip column in the \"New York Post\" and \"W\" magazine; he wrote the \"In Step With\" column in \"Parade\" for nearly 25 years until his death. He wrote several books related to war, particularly the Korean War, in which he served as a United States Marine",
"psg_id": "12969316"
},
{
"title": "Mike Connolly (columnist)",
"text": "Mike Connolly (columnist) Michael John Connolly (July 19, 1913 – November 18, 1966) was an American magazine reporter and primarily a Hollywood columnist. A native of Chicago, Illinois, he attended the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, where, in 1937 and 1938, he was the city editor of the \"Daily Illini\", the independent student-run newspaper. From 1951 to 1966, Connolly was a gossip columnist for \"The Hollywood Reporter\", a daily entertainment newspaper dealing with film and television productions, located in Los Angeles, California. The screenplay for the biographical film \"I'll Cry Tomorrow\" (1955) was based on the autobiography of the same",
"psg_id": "7744783"
}
] | [
"louella rose oettinger",
"louella o. parsons",
"louella oettinger",
"louella parsons"
] |
in what year was the first performance of copland's ballet rodeo? | [
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland and choreographed by Agnes de Mille, which premiered in 1942. Subtitled \"The Courting at Burnt Ranch\", the ballet consists of five sections: \"Buckaroo Holiday\", \"Corral Nocturne\", \"Ranch House Party,\" \"Saturday Night Waltz\", and \"Hoe-Down\". The symphonic version omits \"Ranch House Party\", leaving the other sections relatively intact. The original ballet was choreographed by Agnes de Mille for the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, a dance company that moved to the United States during World War II. In order to compete with the rival company Ballet Theatre, the Ballet Russe commissioned",
"psg_id": "15356596"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "de Mille out of a career of relative obscurity. The choreographer was given considerable creative control, choosing Aaron Copland as the composer after being impressed by his previous ballet, \"Billy the Kid\". Though Copland was initially reluctant to compose \"another Cowboy ballet,\" De Mille persuaded him that this show would mark a significant departure from his previous work. As de Mille found herself occupied with instructing a highly international cast in the mannerisms of American cowboys, Copland recommended that Oliver Smith design the sets, in what would prove to be a prescient action. De Mille herself played the lead, and",
"psg_id": "15356597"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "surrounding the composition of \"Rodeo\" led to its having a number of features that set it apart from other Copland compositions. Though many of Copland's works incorporate traditional American folk tunes, \"Rodeo\" is unique in that it leaves them quite intact in the score, with very little alteration on the part of the composer. This is likely attributable in part to De Mille's control over the work. Indeed, she had already blocked the entire show before Copland had written a single note and also transcribed several folk tunes, including \"Old Paint\", for Copland in addition to her blocking notes. The",
"psg_id": "15356601"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo",
"text": "performance level permits pageantry and ritual which serve to \"revitalize the spirit of the Old West\" while its contest level poses a man-animal opposition that articulates the transformation of nature and \"dramatizes and perpetuates the conflict between the wild and the tame.\" \"On its deepest level, rodeo is essentially a ritual addressing itself to the dilemma of man's place in nature.\" Rodeo is a popular topic in country-western music, such as the 1991 Garth Brooks hit single \"Rodeo\", and has also been featured in numerous movies, television programs and in literature. \"Rodeo\" is a ballet score written by Aaron Copland",
"psg_id": "848775"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "composer's claim in \"Copland Since 1943\" that \"The European premiere was more successful than the New York reception,\" reviews about \"Connotations\" remained mainly negative; comments abounded about \"mere din\" and \"dodecaphonic deserts.\" When the London audience gave the work a lengthy ovation, Bernstein responded that he would conduct another Copland work as an encore. When cries of \"Oh, oh\" ensued, he added, \"But this will be in a different style.\" He then conducted \"Hoe-Down\" from the ballet \"Rodeo\". A release of the New York performance by Columbia Records fared no better. Robert Marsh found the music \"dreary\" and \"dull.\" Irving",
"psg_id": "5646438"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "the piece with a grand fanfare. In what is considered one of the earliest examples of a truly American ballet, \"Rodeo\" combines the exuberance of a Broadway musical with the disciplines of classical ballet. Of particular note, the first scene requires men to pantomime riding and roping while dancing solo and dancing in groups (not very common for male ballet dancers), and while interacting with an awkward Cowgirl, who seeks their acceptance. The cast dresses in stylized western garb, which makes it all the more difficult to execute many of the moves. Classical ballet storylines typically involve some boy-meets-girl relationship,",
"psg_id": "15356608"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "Retreat\", which will become a major theme of the section. After a reprisal of the \"Rodeo\" theme, the theme proper begins in the strings, as the horns play a simple counterpoint. Instead of building to a climax, this section segues into \"Miss McLeod's Reel\", performed by various solo instruments. Copland briefly introduces the Irish theme \"Gilderoy\" in the clarinet and oboe. Building toward the end, Copland reintroduces \"Bonaparte's Retreat\" in canon, before returning to the \"Rodeo\" theme, which slows into the climactic kiss between the Cowgirl and the Roper. \"Bonaparte's Retreat\" is then resumed by the full orchestra, which ends",
"psg_id": "15356607"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "wrote, \"Cornejo owns the role now\". Up to 1979, \"Rodeo\" was staged mainly by deMille and Vernon Lusby, for many years one of her most trusted assistants on numerous projects. When illness precluded his ability to continue setting Rodeo in 1981, deMille asked Paul Sutherland, a former principal dancer with American Ballet Theatre, Joffrey Ballet, and Harkness Ballet who had danced leading roles in several of her ballets, to begin staging Rodeo. With the passing of Agnes deMille in 1993, ownership and all rights to Rodeo passed to her son, Jonathan Prude. For the next several years, several people staged",
"psg_id": "15356613"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "easily by a mass audience. The ballet premiered in New York in 1939, with Copland recalling \"I cannot remember another work of mine that was so unanimously received.\" Along with the ballet \"Rodeo\", \"Billy the Kid\" became, in the words of musicologist Elizabeth Crist, \"the basis for Copland's reputation as a composer of Americana\" and defines \"an uncomplicated form of American nationalism.\" Copland's brand of nationalism in his ballets differed from that of European composers such as Béla Bartók, who tried to preserve the folk tones they used as close to the original as possible. Copland enhanced the tunes he",
"psg_id": "618144"
},
{
"title": "Billy the Kid (ballet)",
"text": "\"The Open Prairie\" theme and pioneers once again travelling west. Cowboy and folk tunes were heavily used, for instance: It also includes the Mexican Jarabe dance, played in 5/8 by a solo trumpet, just before \"Goodbye Old Paint\". The eight movements of the ballet make up the first seven tracks of jazz guitarist Bill Frisell's album \"Have a Little Faith\". Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \"Rodeo\" and \"Appalachian Spring\", it is",
"psg_id": "6607075"
},
{
"title": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland) Aaron Copland's Clarinet Concerto (also referred to as the \"Concerto for clarinet, strings and harp\") was written between 1947 and 1949, although a first version was available in 1948. The concerto was later choreographed by Jerome Robbins for the ballet \"Pied Piper\" (1951). Soon after Copland composed his Symphony No. 3, in 1947 jazz clarinetist Benny Goodman commissioned him to write a concerto for clarinet. Goodman told Copland biographer Vivian Perlis: I made no demands on what Copland should write. He had completely free rein, except that I should have a two-year exclusivity on playing the work.",
"psg_id": "8052015"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "reading a short biography with \"Hoe-Down\" playing in the background. The music was also famously used as the background theme for the \"Beef. It's What's For Dinner\" advertising campaign in the 1990s, and also in \"The Simpsons\" episode \"The Seemingly Never-Ending Story\". A close parody of it, titled \"In Training\" and adapted with the film's leitmotifs, was composed by James Horner for \".\" A further adaptation appears in Titanic during the below-decks Irish dancing scene. \"Hoe-Down\" accompanied one of the choreographed opening ceremony performances of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, Utah. Rodeo (ballet) Rodeo is a ballet",
"psg_id": "15356616"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "create a problem for the cowboys and make her the laughingstock of womankind. As noted above, finding suitable Cowgirls to play this role was a challenge. Lucia Chase recalls that when the Ballet Theater Company had exclusive rights to stage \"Rodeo\", Agnes DeMille urged the employment of \"charming and talented comediennes from the Broadway musical stage\" for the role. In the ballet world, DeMille's favorites for the role were: Dorothy Etheridge (Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo), Jenny Workman (The Ballet Theater Company), Carole Valleskey (Joffrey Ballet), Bonnie Wyckoff (Boston Ballet) and Christine Sarry (American Ballet Theatre). In the 1970s, Christine",
"psg_id": "15356611"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "sense, Copland's Populist works such as \"Billy the Kid\", \"Rodeo\", \"Appalachian Spring\" are not far removed from Stravinsky's ballet \"The Rite of Spring\". Within that framework, however, Copland preserved the American atmosphere of these ballets through what musicologist Elliott Antokoletz calls \"the conservative handling of open diatonic sonorities,\" which fosters \"a pastoral quality\" in the music. This is especially true in the opening of \"Appalachian Spring\", where the harmonizations remain \"transparent and bare, suggested by the melodic disposition of the Shaker tune.\" Variations which contrast to this tune in rhythm, key, texture and dynamics, fit within Copland's compositional practice of",
"psg_id": "618146"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "the ballet. In 1999, Prude set up the deMille Committee to oversee her numerous works and assigned sole responsibility for staging Rodeo to Sutherland, including the selection of dancers, rehearsals and stage production. With the exception of a few companies to whom Agnes deMille had, years before, given the ballet in perpetuity, Sutherland has staged Rodeo over fifty times for dozens of companies and universities throughout the United States and Canada as well as in Antwerp, Belgium, and continues to do so. For a point of comparison, it has been nearly 120 years since the premiere of \"The Nutcracker\", and",
"psg_id": "15356614"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "she finally dons a dress for dance night. Regarding this nuanced role, DeMille said: \"She acts like a boy, not to be a boy, but to be liked by the boys.\" The American Ballet Notes for its 1950 premiere performance (Hessisches Staatstheater Wiesbaden, Germany) state: Rodeo ... is a love story of the American Southwest. The problem it deals with is perennial: how an American girl, with the odds seemingly all against her, sets out to get herself a man. The girl in this case is a cowgirl, a tomboy whose desperate efforts to become one of the ranch's cowhands",
"psg_id": "15356610"
},
{
"title": "Billy the Kid (ballet)",
"text": "Billy the Kid (ballet) Billy the Kid is a 1938 ballet written by the American composer Aaron Copland on commission from Lincoln Kirstein. It was choreographed by Eugene Loring for Ballet Caravan. Along with \"Rodeo\" and \"Appalachian Spring\", it is one of Copland's most popular and widely performed pieces. It is most famous for its incorporation of several cowboy tunes and American folk songs and, although built around the figure and the exploits of Billy the Kid, is not so much a biography of a notorious but peculiarly appealing desperado as it is a perception of the \"Wild West\", in",
"psg_id": "6607072"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "fanfare, vamping until R5-6, where the woodwinds introduce the Cowgirl's theme. This quiet theme continues until the \"Rodeo\" theme begins presenting a highly rhythmic motif that evokes the trotting of horses. The lone Cowgirl seeks the affections of the Head Wrangler, who is rather taken with the more feminine Rancher's Daughter. The cowboys enter to the railroad tune of \"Sis Joe\", envisioned by de Mille as an event \"like thunder,\" which Copland obliges with heavy drums and brass. As the cowgirl seeks the attention of her quarry, she mimics the surrounding cowboys, reflected in the heavy use of the tune",
"psg_id": "15356603"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "such vernacular forms as a square dance and a cadenza for a tap dancer. Noted among many reviews was de Mille’s highly evocative choreography, described as \"film sensibility\" and renowned for its realism. The original production went on to lead a successful tour, though producers were hard pressed to replicate the skill with which de Mille had portrayed the lead. De Mille retained veto power over any casting of the ballet, which often sent companies to extremes in order to find a worthy Cowgirl. Meanwhile, Copland arranged the music as a symphonic suite for orchestra titled \"Four Dance Episodes from",
"psg_id": "15356599"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "more than 70 years since the premiere of \"Rodeo\". This increasing longevity, plus the anchoring of Copland’s score in American culture, suggests near-certain permanence for the ballet. A version of the \"Hoe-Down\" section was recorded by 1970s progressive rock band Emerson, Lake & Palmer, on its \"Trilogy\" album. François Couture of AllMusic said that they yielded a crowd-pleaser with their version of \"Hoedown\". An other version of the \"Hoe-Down\" section was also later recorded by folk rock and jazz group Béla Fleck and the Flecktones At Bob Dylan's performances during his \"Never-Ending Tour\", he is introduced by his stage manager",
"psg_id": "15356615"
},
{
"title": "Dance Panels",
"text": "Dance Panels Dance Panels is a ballet composed by Aaron Copland in 1959 for a planned collaboration with choreographer Jerome Robbins. After Copland had written the score, Robbins reneged on his commitment and the performance did not take place. Three years later, Copland revised the score for a ballet by the Bavarian State Opera in Munich, Germany, where it premiered on 3 December 1963. The ballet was performed by the New York City Ballet in 1965 and the concert version received its first performance at the Ojai Music Festival the following year. According to Copland biographer Howard Pollack, \"Dance Panels\"",
"psg_id": "19676622"
},
{
"title": "Symphony No. 3 (Copland)",
"text": "Symphony No. 3 (Copland) Symphony No. 3 was Aaron Copland's final symphony. It was written between 1944 and 1946, and its first performance took place on October 18, 1946, the Boston Symphony Orchestra performing under Serge Koussevitzky. If the early Dance Symphony is included in the count, it is actually Copland's fourth symphony. Written at the end of World War II, it is known as the essential American symphony that fuses his distinct \"Americana\" style of the ballets (\"Rodeo\", etc.) with the form of the symphony, which has generally been a European-dominated musical form. The \"Fanfare for the Common Man\",",
"psg_id": "4482700"
},
{
"title": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "by Copland to increase pressure on Goodman, since he kept on putting off the first performance. A recording of the first radio performance by Goodman, with the NBC Symphony Orchestra under the baton of Fritz Reiner is available on CD on the Legend music label (see below). The concerto quickly established itself as a standard piece in the clarinet repertoire. Since the performance by Benny Goodman, other notable performances include those by: However, one particular recording of note is the one with Goodman and conducted by Copland himself, which Aaron Copland considered to be his best recording ever. Copland incorporated",
"psg_id": "8052020"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "Connotations (Copland) Connotations is a classical music composition for symphony orchestra written by American composer Aaron Copland. Commissioned by Leonard Bernstein in 1962 to commemorate the opening of Philharmonic Hall (now David Geffen Hall at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts) in New York City, United States, this piece marks a departure from Copland's populist period, which began with \"El Salón México\" in 1936 and includes the works he is most famous for such as \"Appalachian Spring\", \"Lincoln Portrait\" and \"Rodeo\". It represents a return to a more dissonant style of composition in which Copland wrote from the end of",
"psg_id": "5646410"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "well-known main theme of \"Hoe-Down\" is based on a unique version of the American folk song \"Bonyparte\" or \"Bonaparte's Retreat,\" played by Salyersville, Kentucky fiddler William Hamilton Stepp, which was recorded in 1937 by Alan Lomax for the Library of Congress. A meticulous transcription by Ruth Crawford Seeger of that performance appeared in Lomax's 1941 book, \"Our Singing Country\". Many of the themes were autobiographical for De Mille. An extremely skilled dancer, the choreographer nonetheless felt awkward in the offstage world, and the Cowgirl's unwillingness to subscribe to traditional gender roles mirrors De Mille's experience. \"Rodeo\" opens with a grand",
"psg_id": "15356602"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "run business was started and ran by the Bob Barnes, who has died in 2013. Each year Barnes’ stock participates in rodeos all over the United States. It is the longest running rodeo company in the United States. Bob Barnes was named Stock Contractor of the Year in 1984. He was inducted into the Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame in 1994. Every year Barnes stock performs at the highest level at professional rodeos across the country. Mutton Busting is the first step into the world of rodeo for the young rodeo enthusiasts. During this event, sheep are held still, mainly",
"psg_id": "18342774"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "scenario he created and called \"Zenatello\". From 1913 to 1917 he took piano lessons with Leopold Wolfsohn, who taught him the standard classical fare. Copland's first public music performance was at a Wanamaker's recital. By the age of 15, after attending a concert by composer-pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski, Copland decided to become a composer. After attempts to further his music study from a correspondence course, Copland took formal lessons in harmony, theory, and composition from Rubin Goldmark, a noted teacher and composer of American music (who had given George Gershwin three lessons). Goldmark, with whom Copland studied between 1917 and",
"psg_id": "618090"
},
{
"title": "In the Beginning (Copland)",
"text": "In the Beginning (Copland) In the Beginning is a 1947 choral work by Aaron Copland to a text from the Book of Genesis chapter 1:1 to 2:7. The 15'-20' minute long work is for mixed four-part chorus a capella and soprano or mezzo-soprano solo. The work is evocative of the Hebrew \"davening\" and shows the influence of polytonality with references to jazz and blues. \"In the Beginning\" was composed for Harvard University's Symposium on Music Criticism in May 1947. The premiere was performed by the Collegiate Chorale at the Harvard Memorial Church, Cambridge on 2 May of that year, conducted",
"psg_id": "19878162"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "also a band playing right after the rodeo in the concession area. On Sunday, there is the Cowboy church and breakfast, open to anyone, which is followed by the Spooner Rodeo Parade, right down Main Street. The Rodeo ties in many activities, which makes it one of the largest events to go on in Spooner, Wisconsin. Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo",
"psg_id": "18342782"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "Heart of the North Rodeo The Heart of the North Rodeo is located in Spooner, Wisconsin. The Rodeo takes place the first full weekend in July every year since 1954. Spooner Rodeo fans will always see a different act every night, as each rodeo is never the same. Fans from all over come to watch the professional cowboys and cowgirls compete in the 7 main events of rodeo, and even some up and coming little cowboys and cowgirls. The Barnes PRCA Rodeo Stock Company has brought the top stock to the Spooner Rodeo since it began in 1954. This family",
"psg_id": "18342773"
},
{
"title": "History of ballet",
"text": "secondary role to an integral part of a ballet performance. She introduced the bias cut and a simplified classic tutu that allowed the dancer more freedom of movement. With meticulous attention to detail, she decorated her tutus with beadwork, embroidery, crochet and appliqué. George Balanchine is often considered to have been the first pioneer of what is now known as neoclassical ballet, a style of dance between classical ballet and today's contemporary ballet. Tim Scholl, author of \"From Petipa to Balanchine\", considers Balanchine's \"Apollo\" (1928) to be the first neoclassical ballet. It represented a return to form in response to",
"psg_id": "11547464"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "to use music from \"Connotations\", the \"Piano Variations\" and \"Piano Fantasy\" for a ballet, \"The Fall Hamlet (The Hamlet Affair).\" Staged by the American Ballet Theatre on January 6, 1976, the title role was danced by Mikhail Barishnikov, Ophelia by Gelsie Kirkland, Gertrude by Marcia Haydée and Claudius by Erik Bruhn. The ballet was received poorly, due to ineffective choreography. Critic Bob Micklin noted, however, that Copland's \"prickly, restless music\" reflected the ballet's story very well. Despite its initial reception, \"Connotations\" was listed in 1979 by \"Billboard\" magazine among Copland works that continued to be programmed by orchestras, with subsequent",
"psg_id": "5646456"
},
{
"title": "Women in rodeo",
"text": "offered became economically impractical. Other women's organizations include the Professional Women's Rodeo Association (PWRA) which is opened to female rough stock riders only. A random sample of 1992 WPRA members found more than half had a relative in rodeo, and that most had husbands who were rodeo men. Almost all were in high school or high school graduates with one third having attained college educations. Women in rodeo Historically, women have long participated in the rodeo. Annie Oakley created the image of the cowgirl in the late 19th century, and, in 1908, a 10-year-old girl was dubbed the first cowgirl",
"psg_id": "13177485"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "National Intercollegiate Rodeo Association was formed and grew extremely quickly. The first College National Finals Rodeo (CNFR) was held the same year in San Francisco, California. By 1951, the association had 41 participating colleges. By 1955, it was estimated that there were over 600 rodeos in the country. The Miss Rodeo America pageant was organized with the first pageant held by International Rodeo Management in Casper, Wyoming. The first National Finals Rodeo was held in Dallas, Texas in 1959. The top 15 money-earners from the RCA in each event were invited to compete and winnings from the NFR were added",
"psg_id": "10021542"
},
{
"title": "The Judas Tree (ballet)",
"text": "gang, and the culprit then hangs himself from the scaffolding. The programme notes recommend that this is not a ballet for children under the age of 12. The Judas Tree (ballet) The Judas Tree is a one-act ballet created by Kenneth MacMillan in 1992 for the Royal Ballet. The music is by Brian Elias. The first performance was on 19 March 1992, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. The only clue MacMillan gave in order to understand his intentions is a programme note quoting Kahlil Gibran's poem \"On Crime and Punishment\": ‘[A]s a single leaf turns not yellow but",
"psg_id": "18325397"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "composers with whom he could relate, he had been \"generous and enthusiastic\" in his support of Copland. His frequent programming of Copland's works during his tenure with the New York Philharmonic might, Adams suggests, have been partly in reaction against works of the twelve-tone school. Now he was confronted with what American composer John Adams terms a \"stridently dissonant, piss-n-vinegar\" work \"written in an idiom so alien to his own sensibilities,\" the first performance of which he would not only conduct but would also be televised to a national audience. Pollack claims Bernstein might have found \"Connotations \" \"boring\" and",
"psg_id": "5646441"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "Sarry emerged as DeMille's preferred interpreter of this complex role, DeMille even preferring Sarry's version to her own. Agnes DeMille stated in her will that only Sarry was authorized to approve of dancers who could take up the role of the Cowgirl. Since Agnes DeMille's death, Sarry has coached and approved numerous dancers in the part. In the 21st century, the list includes: Tina LeBlanc (San Francisco Ballet (2006), Kristin Long (San Francisco Ballet, 2007); Xiomara Reyes (American Ballet Theater, 2006); Marian Butler (American Ballet Theater, 2006); and Erica Cornejo (American Ballet Theater, 2005). Of Ms. Cornejo, critic Jerry Hochman",
"psg_id": "15356612"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "which the composer labeled his \"vernacular\" style. Works in this vein include the ballets \"Appalachian Spring\", \"Billy the Kid\" and \"Rodeo\", his \"Fanfare for the Common Man\" and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres including chamber music, vocal works, opera and film scores. After some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark, Copland traveled to Paris, where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal, then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger. He studied three years with Boulanger, whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste. Determined upon",
"psg_id": "618083"
},
{
"title": "Women in rodeo",
"text": "Women in rodeo Historically, women have long participated in the rodeo. Annie Oakley created the image of the cowgirl in the late 19th century, and, in 1908, a 10-year-old girl was dubbed the first cowgirl after demonstrating her roping skills at Madison Square Garden. Women were celebrated competitors in bronc and bull riding events in the early decades of the 20th century until a female bronc rider died in a 1929 rodeo. Her death fueled the growing opposition to female competitors in rodeo; their participation was severely curtailed thereafter. In the 19th century, women learned to rope and ride as",
"psg_id": "13177474"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "used in American English about 1834 to denote a \"round up\" of cattle. Early rodeo-like affairs of the 1820s and 1830s were informal events in the western United States and northern Mexico with cowboys and \"vaqueros\" testing their work skills against one another. Santa Fe, New Mexico lays claim to the first rodeo based on a letter dated 1847 written by Captain Mayne Reid from Santa Fe to a friend in Ireland:\"At this time of year, the cowmen have what is called the round-up, when the calves are branded and the fat beasts selected to be driven to a fair",
"psg_id": "10021547"
},
{
"title": "Heart of the North Rodeo",
"text": "and rodeo supplies. The Rodeo Royalty can be found walking around the grounds after the rodeo to sign autographs and take pictures as well. There is also a chance for children under 56 inches to go into the arena for the Nickel Scramble, which is a race to collect nickels. Children get to keep these nickels and some even have special prizes on them. On the Thursday performance, there is the Exceptional Rodeo. This is where children with special needs get the chance to compete in some of the rodeo activities, which are brought down to their level. There is",
"psg_id": "18342781"
},
{
"title": "Sweethearts of the Rodeo",
"text": "\"Buffalo Zone\" and 1992's \"Sisters\"), but neither produced any major hits, and Columbia dropped the duo in 1992. Sweethearts of the Rodeo continued to tour in the 1990s, later releasing two albums of bluegrass music on the Sugar Hill label: \"Rodeo Waltz\" in 1993 and \"Beautiful Lies\" in 1996. Janis and Kristine owned a clothing store in Franklin, Tennessee, called \"Gill & Arnold\" for a time in the late 1990s that has since closed. Janis and Vince Gill were divorced in 1997 and she married Roy Cummins in 2000. Sweethearts of the Rodeo Sweethearts of the Rodeo is an American",
"psg_id": "6704718"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "Cody (Buffalo Bill) created the first major rodeo and the first Wild West show in North Platte, Nebraska in 1882. Following this successful endeavor, Cody organized his touring Wild West show, leaving other entrepreneurs to create what became professional rodeo. Rodeos and Wild West shows enjoyed a parallel existence, employing many of the same stars, while capitalizing on the continuing allure of the mythic West. Women joined the Wild West and contest rodeo circuits in the 1890s and their participation grew as the activities spread geographically. Animal welfare groups began targeting rodeo from the earliest times, and have continued their",
"psg_id": "10021501"
},
{
"title": "Dayton Ballet",
"text": "In May 1938, Jo and Hermene gathered together the school's finest dancers, named the troupe \"The Experimental Group for Young Dancers,\" and staged a performance at the Dayton Art Institute. This was the first performance of what is now the Dayton Ballet. Jo was a pioneer of the American regional ballet movement of the mid-20th century. Through years of persistence, she made Dayton a center of dance. In 1958, the company restructured as the Dayton Civic Ballet, with a board of directors, and federal tax-exempt status. In 1959, the Dayton Civic Ballet became a chartered member of the Northeast Regional",
"psg_id": "13463283"
},
{
"title": "Copland College",
"text": "terms of the UAI the year 12 students receive. In 2006, Copland College was ranked the third highest ranking college in the ACT. This has had an effect on the students that have enrolled and are currently studying at the school. Copland College Copland College opened in 1978 at Copland Drive, Melba, Australian Capital Territory, Australia It is a supporter of the IB Diploma Program. In 2007, it was decided by the ACT Government to merge Copland College and Melba High School. Since 2009 the joint school has been called Melba Copland Secondary School. Merging - In 2008 Copland College",
"psg_id": "6665906"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo (ballet)",
"text": "Rodeo\", which consisted chiefly of removing \"Ranch House Party\" and minor adjustments to the final two sections. With the middle section removed, the composition resembled the symphonic form with an ambitious opening movement, slow movement, minuet and finale. In this form, \"Rodeo\" found even greater success, premiering at the Boston Pops in 1943. 3 flutes, piccolo 2 oboes 1 english horns 2 Bb clarinets 1 bass clarinet 2 bassoons 4 horns 3 Bb trumpets 3 trombones 1 tuba timpani percussion (glockenspiel, xylophone, cymbals, triangle, wood block, whip/slapstick, bass drum, snare drum) 1 harp 1 celesta 1 piano strings The circumstances",
"psg_id": "15356600"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "tone rows as complete statements around which to structure his compositions. Copland used his rows not much different than how he fashioned the material in his tonal pieces. He saw his rows as sources for melodies and harmonies, not as complete and independent entities, except at points in the musical structure that dictated the complete statement of a row. Even after Copland started using 12-tone techniques, he did not stick to them exclusively but went back and forth between tonal and non-tonal compositions. Other late works include: \"Dance Panels\" (1959, ballet music), \"Something Wild\" (1961, his last film score, much",
"psg_id": "618153"
},
{
"title": "The Judas Tree (ballet)",
"text": "The Judas Tree (ballet) The Judas Tree is a one-act ballet created by Kenneth MacMillan in 1992 for the Royal Ballet. The music is by Brian Elias. The first performance was on 19 March 1992, at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. The only clue MacMillan gave in order to understand his intentions is a programme note quoting Kahlil Gibran's poem \"On Crime and Punishment\": ‘[A]s a single leaf turns not yellow but with the silent knowledge of the whole tree, so the wrongdoer cannot do wrong without the hidden will of you all’. According to the information at MacMillan's",
"psg_id": "18325393"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo",
"text": "rodeo contest for bronc riders and steer ropers called the Raymond Stampede. Knight also coined the rodeo term \"stampede\" and built rodeo's first known shotgun style bucking chute. In 1903, Knight built Canada's first rodeo arena and grandstand and became the first rodeo producer and rodeo stock contractor. In 1912, Guy Weadick and several investors put up $100,000 to create what today is the Calgary Stampede. The Stampede also incorporated mythical and historical elements, including Native Indians in full regalia, chuckwagon races, the Mounted Police, and marching bands. From its beginning, the event has been held the second week in",
"psg_id": "848736"
},
{
"title": "Marc Copland",
"text": "Marc Copland Marc Copland (born May 27, 1948, as Marc Cohen) is an American jazz pianist and composer. Copland became part of the jazz scene in Philadelphia in the early 1960s as a saxophonist, and later moved to New York City, where he experimented with electric alto saxophone. In the early 1970s, while pursuing his own harmonic concept, he grew dissatisfied with what he felt were inherent limitations in the saxophone and moved to the Baltimore-Washington D.C. area, where he remained for a decade to retrain as a jazz pianist. He returned to New York in the mid-1980s. Copland was",
"psg_id": "7056619"
},
{
"title": "National Ballet of Canada",
"text": "year, in 1974, while on a tour in Canada, Mikhail Baryshnikov defected and requested political asylum in Toronto and joined the Royal Winnipeg Ballet. His first televised performance after coming out of temporary seclusion in Canada was with the National Ballet of Canada in a version of \"La Sylphide\". National Ballet of Canada One of the top international ballet companies, The National Ballet of Canada was founded in 1951 by Celia Franca. A company of 70 dancers with its own orchestra, the National Ballet has been led by Artistc Director Karen Kain, one of the greatest ballerinas of her generation,",
"psg_id": "3438815"
},
{
"title": "Black Rodeo",
"text": "appearance of Muhammad Ali, who rides a horse on 125th Street (the main street in Harlem), trades friendly verbal jibes with the cowboys, straps on chaps and rides a bull. The rodeo events in the film are set to the music of Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles, Little Richard, Lee Dorsey, Sammy Turner, Little Eva and other R&B acts. The film was released by Cinerama Releasing in the spring of 1972. Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \"Black Rodeo\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York",
"psg_id": "13957448"
},
{
"title": "Clarinet Concerto (Copland)",
"text": "August 29, 1950, Copland backed away from the commission. The composer explained that, after further thought, he believed that performing an arrangement of the first movement by itself \"takes away from the integrity of the Concerto as I originally conceived it, and I am basically unwilling to do that\". Copland was also concerned, he wrote, that a performance of the concerto's first movement by itself when the concerto still had not been performed—Goodman repeatedly postponed his premier of the piece—might be misperceived by the public as expressing doubt about the quality of the concerto's second movement. He proposed a different",
"psg_id": "8052018"
},
{
"title": "Animal treatment in rodeo",
"text": "events that reads: The ASPCA is opposed to all rodeo events that involve cruel, painful, stressful and potentially harmful treatment of livestock, not only in performance but also in handling, transport and prodding to perform. The ASPCA recognizes the cruel treatment inflicted on many additional animals in the process of practicing to compete in rodeo events. Further, the ASPCA is opposed to children's rodeo events such as goat tying, calf riding and sheep riding (\"mutton busting\"), which do not promote humane care and respect for animals. The American Humane Association (AHA) used to campaign against rodeo through anti-rodeo literature but",
"psg_id": "13148525"
},
{
"title": "Piano Variations (Copland)",
"text": "following year under conductor Robert Whitney. Copland regarded the \"lean, percussive and rather harmonically severe\" quality of the piano as essential to the Piano Variations in 1930, but after 27 years, reinvented the work to take advantage of a full orchestral palette. The Orchestral Variations offer a new perspective on the work, focusing instead on the contrasts of its multifarious moods and colors. The Orchestral Variations are scored for the following instrumentation. Copland regarded pianist Walter Gieseking very highly for his refined tone and subtle coloration, especially in the performance of Debussy, and insisted that no one else could give",
"psg_id": "8917259"
},
{
"title": "Black Rodeo",
"text": "Black Rodeo Black Rodeo is a 1972 documentary by filmmaker Jeff Kanew. \"Black Rodeo\" captures the events surrounding the first-time performance of an all African-American rodeo in Harlem, New York City. The documentary shows that the people who attended the rodeo were awed to find African-American men and women actively involved in skills such asbronc riding, calf roping and brahma bull riding. Actor Woody Strode attended the rodeo and appears in the film as its narrator. He imparts a number of stories that show the participation of blacks in the development of the American Old West. The film captures the",
"psg_id": "13957447"
},
{
"title": "National Ballet of Canada",
"text": "refused similar invitations in Australia and South Africa and liked living in the United Kingdom. Nevertheless, when she came to Canada in 1951 to attend a festival, the founders again asked her to consider the position. Franca accepted the job and became the first artistic director, while Volkoff was appointed as Resident Choreographer. Conductor George Crum acted as Musical Director. In August 1951 what was then The National Ballet Guild of Canada launched its first cross-country audition tour. By the end of the month, the ballet had chosen 29 dancers for the troupe and was rehearsing for their first performance",
"psg_id": "3438809"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "to write the ballet score \"Billy the Kid\", which became, in Pollack's words, an \"archetypical depiction of the legendary American West.\" Based on a Walter Noble Burns novel, with choreography by Eugene Loring, \"Billy\" was among the first to display an American music and dance vocabulary. Copland used six cowboy folk songs to provide period atmosphere and employed polyrhythm and polyharmony when not quoting these tunes literally to maintain the work's overall tone. In this way, Copland's music worked much in the same way as the murals of Thomas Hart Benton, in that it employed elements that could be grasped",
"psg_id": "618143"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "as a synthesizing quality.\" \"Connotations\" was the first orchestral work in which Copland used serial principles of composition. Serial or twelve-tone music, Copland stated, carried \"a built-in tenseness ... a certain drama ... a sense of strain or tension\" inherent in its extended use of chromaticism. \"These are new tensions,\" he continued, \"different from what I would have dreamt up if I had been thinking tonally.\" To composer John Adams, Copland's embrace of serial technique was not really such a stretch \"because ever since the 1920s, he'd already a piss-'n-vinegar penchant for sour intervals, like he did in the \"Piano",
"psg_id": "5646448"
},
{
"title": "Roxi Copland",
"text": "\"Black Out the Blue\" EP (2010) \"Streetwise\" EP (2008) \"Love Me Out Loud\" (2017), Directed by Tony Bonacci Copland grew up in Aberdeen, Washington, where she began studying music at the age of four. Upon graduation from Aberdeen High School in 2001, she moved to Grinnell, Iowa to attend Grinnell College. Copland began her professional career in Des Moines, Iowa, where she was based from 2005-2011. After spending a year in Vancouver, Canada, Copland moved to Milwaukee in 2012 and Austin in 2018. Roxi Copland Roxi Copland is an American singer-songwriter and pianist based in Austin. She has toured extensively",
"psg_id": "19044397"
},
{
"title": "Livermore Rodeo",
"text": "held the first time on a portion of a local ranch near the intersection of what is now Interstate 580 and Portola Avenue. The opening event was filmed by Universal Studios for a newsreel. Livermore Rodeo The Livermore Rodeo is a rodeo held annually in Livermore, California on the second full weekend of June at the rodeo grounds at Robertson Park. It is the oldest event in Livermore and part of the famous California 6-Pack Rodeo Circuit. Famous rodeo participants frequent the event and it is often used as a backdrop or exteriors site in films. It is always preceded",
"psg_id": "8999560"
},
{
"title": "Agon (ballet)",
"text": "dances together constitute the second pas-de-trois . When \"Agon\" was performed in Italy in 1965 , Stravinsky was particularly pleased with the performance of mandolinist Giuseppe Anedda: Agon (ballet) Agon (1957) is a ballet for twelve dancers, with music by Igor Stravinsky and choreography by George Balanchine. Composition began in December 1953 but was interrupted the next year; work was resumed in 1956 and concluded on April 27, 1957; the music was first performed on June 17, 1957, in Los Angeles conducted by Robert Craft, while the first stage performance was given by the New York City Ballet on December",
"psg_id": "11219504"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "written in \"the grand manner,\" as Copland wrote about his Third Symphony. The other two works in this category were the \"Symphonic Ode\" and the Third Symphony. Copland also calls those works transitional pieces, anomalies which stand between different compositional styles of his oeuvre. All three works proved, as musicologist William W. Austin notes and Pollack states about the symphony, \"challenging to grasp.\" While music historian Judith Tick notes the work's \"massive chordal assaults on the ear,\" she adds that while Copland 's stated intent was to evoke the dissonance of modern life, he also acknowledges \"the darkness revealed in",
"psg_id": "5646427"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "and included it among the pieces the orchestra played on its European tour in February 1963. He would also commission a subsequent orchestral work from Copland, which became \"Inscape\", and conduct \"Connotations\" again in an all-Copland concert with the New York Philharmonic in 1989. Even with this advocacy and the chance to familiarize himself at length, \"Connotations\" apparently remained a work that Bernstein did not conduct well. Critic Peter Davis, in his review of the 1989 performance, writes that while \"Connotations\" remained \"admittedly not a very lovable piece,\" in Bernstein's hands it \"sounded more fulsome than portentous.\" Copland acknowledged that",
"psg_id": "5646443"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, composition teacher, writer, and later a conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as \"the Dean of American Composers.\" The open, slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many people consider to be the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as \"populist\" and",
"psg_id": "618082"
},
{
"title": "The Australian Ballet",
"text": "Ballet. The first performance by the Australian Ballet was Tchaikovsky's \"Swan Lake\", staged at Her Majesty's Theatre, Sydney on 2 November 1962. The principal dancers in the first season were Kathleen Gorham, Marilyn Jones and Garth Welch. Van Praagh also invited the Royal Ballet's Ray Powell to temporarily became the company's first ballet master, with Leon Kellaway (brother of Cecil Kellaway), a former dancer with the Covent Garden Russian Ballet, as the company's first ballet teacher. In later years Sir Robert Helpmann, Marilyn Jones and Maina Gielgud made major contributions as Artistic Directors of the Australian Ballet. In 1964 van",
"psg_id": "5254421"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "On a more positive note, Davis wrote after a performance of the work under Ehrling by The Juilliard Orchestra that while \"Connotations\" remains a \"spiky\" composition, Copland \"adopts Schoenberg's serial procedures to produce a sequence of typically pungent and exhilarating Coplandesque sonorities.\" Desmond Shawe-Taylor called the work \"beautifully put together: full of energy, variety, thought\" after he had heard Boulez conduct the piece. Michael Andrews wrote of Copland's \"mammoth, anxious and angry vision\" and Barlett Naylor of \"a majesty hidden in this dark piece\" after both had heard de Waart's performance. Along with Bernstein's two performances, Copland recorded \"Connotations\" with",
"psg_id": "5646458"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "his quest to take up the slogan of the Stieglitz group, \"Affirm America,\" Copland found only the music of Carl Ruggles and Charles Ives upon which to draw. Without what Copland called a \"usable past,\" he looked toward jazz and popular music, something he had already started to do while in Europe. In the 1920s, George Gershwin, Bessie Smith, and Louis Armstrong were in the forefront American popular music and jazz. By the end of the decade, Copland felt his music was going in a more abstract, less jazz-oriented direction. However, as large swing bands such as those of Benny",
"psg_id": "618101"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the Nuns",
"text": "left after six. It is possible that the erotic implications of the nuns' ballet did not set well with her. She may have been reluctant to appear in a ballet within an opera. A foot injury and the accidents that marred the first performance may have given the ballerina pause for thought. Bad press directed at her father may have caused Taglioni to withdraw. Taglioni was replaced by Louise Fitzjames, who danced the role 232 times. The Danish choreographer August Bournonville saw Fitzjames's performance as the Abbess in Paris in 1841. He based his own choreography, which was used in",
"psg_id": "18566205"
},
{
"title": "Connotations (Copland)",
"text": "... an 'alienated' modernist stance.\" As the composer had been one of the first American composers to import the style from Europe—in the mid twenties—these critics may have overlooked the possibility that his \"populist period\" may have represented the more jarring deviation in his compositional style. It had also been some time since a Copland piece had been appreciated widely by audiences. His opera \"The Tender Land\" had not fared well, either in its original or revised forms. Choreographer Jerome Robbins never produced Copland's ballet \"Dance Panels\", despite the fact that he had commissioned it. None of his major orchestral",
"psg_id": "5646453"
},
{
"title": "The Invitation (ballet)",
"text": "The Invitation (ballet) The Invitation is a one-act ballet with choreography and libretto by Kenneth MacMillan, created in 1960 for the Royal Ballet. The music, composed for the work, is by Mátyás Seiber. Featuring Lynn Seymour as The Girl and Desmond Doyle as The Husband, seduction and rape are at the heart of this piece which generated controversy at the time; particularly the scene of the rape. Lynn Seymour contributed greatly to the success of the performance. \"If the \"Invitation\" is MacMillan's ballet, it is also Miss Seymour's\" was written in \"The Times\". The first performance was on 10 November",
"psg_id": "18328294"
},
{
"title": "Italian ballet",
"text": "which was put together by his students. Ballet, if not the first, produced and shown was Baldassare de Belgiojoso's balletto comico, also known as Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx's Ballet Comique de la Reine (1581) and was a ballet comique (ballet drama). In the same year, the publication of Fabritio Caroso's \"Il Ballarino\", a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to establish Italy as a centre of technical ballet development. At first, ballets were woven in to the midst of an opera to allow the audience a moment of relief from the dramatic intensity. By the mid-seventeenth century,",
"psg_id": "13980776"
},
{
"title": "History of ballet",
"text": "celebrate the marriage of Henry's favorite the Duke de Joyeuse to Marguerite de Lorraine, the sister of Queen Louise. The ballet lasted for more than five hours and was danced by twenty four dancers: twelve naiades and twelve pages. In the same year, the publication of Fabritio Caroso's \"Il Ballarino\", a technical manual on court dancing, both performance and social, helped to establish Italy as a centre of technical ballet development. Ballet developed as a performance-focused art form in France during the reign of Louis XIV, who was passionate about dance. Pierre Beauchamp, the man who codified the five basic",
"psg_id": "11547437"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "also met with proponents of twelve-tone technique, based on the works of Arnold Schoenberg, and found himself interested in adapting serial methods to his own musical voice. In 1950, Copland received a U.S.-Italy Fulbright Commission scholarship to study in Rome, which he did the following year. Around this time, he also composed his Piano Quartet, adopting Schoenberg's twelve-tone method of composition, and \"Old American Songs\" (1950), the first set of which was premiered by Peter Pears and Benjamin Britten, the second by William Warfield. During the 1951–52 academic year, Copland gave a series of lectures under the Charles Eliot Norton",
"psg_id": "618114"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland",
"text": "used with contemporary rhythms, textures and structures. In what could seem contradictory, he used complex harmonies and rhythms to simplify folk melodies and make them more accessible and familiar to his listeners. Except for the Shaker tune in \"Appalachian Spring\", Copland often syncopates traditional melodies, changes their metric patterns and note values. In \"Billy the Kid\", he derives many of the work's sparse harmonies from the implied harmonic constructions of the cowboy tunes themselves. Like Stravinsky, Copland mastered the ability to create a coherent, integrated composition from what was essentially a mosaic of divergent folk-based and original elements. In that",
"psg_id": "618145"
},
{
"title": "In the Beginning (Copland)",
"text": "by Robert Shaw. In the Beginning (Copland) In the Beginning is a 1947 choral work by Aaron Copland to a text from the Book of Genesis chapter 1:1 to 2:7. The 15'-20' minute long work is for mixed four-part chorus a capella and soprano or mezzo-soprano solo. The work is evocative of the Hebrew \"davening\" and shows the influence of polytonality with references to jazz and blues. \"In the Beginning\" was composed for Harvard University's Symposium on Music Criticism in May 1947. The premiere was performed by the Collegiate Chorale at the Harvard Memorial Church, Cambridge on 2 May of",
"psg_id": "19878163"
},
{
"title": "Ballet of the Nuns",
"text": "women cast off their nuns' costume, they shake off the cold powder of the grave; suddenly they throw themselves into the delights of their past life; they dance like bacchantes, they play like lords, they drink like sappers. What a pleasure to see these light women. \"Nuns\" was the first \"ballet blanc\" and the first romantic ballet. The opera was performed 756 times between 1831 and 1893 at the Paris Opéra. French Impressionist painter Edgar Degas painted the ballet scene several times between 1871 and 1876. Under her contract, Taglioni was to appear in \"Nuns\" about a dozen times. She",
"psg_id": "18566204"
},
{
"title": "Boston Ballet",
"text": "\"Don Quixote\" on Broadway with Rudolf Nureyev as special guest artist, after touring the United States, Mexico, France, and Italy. Boston Ballet collaborated with choreographer Mark Morris for the first time in 1986, performing his \"Mort Subite\" at the PepsiCo Festival in Purchase, New York. The following year Boston Ballet was the first ballet company to perform at the BESSIE Dance and Performance award ceremony at New York City Center. Boston Ballet was the first major dance company to commission works from contemporary choreographers Mark Morris, Susan Marshall, Ralph Lemon, Elisa Monte, and Helen Pickett. In May 1990, Natalia Dudinskaya",
"psg_id": "5831546"
},
{
"title": "Rodeo Drive",
"text": "de las Aguas, with plans for a mixed-use subdivision with a branch of the Los Angeles and Pacific Railway running North on Rodeo Drive before turning west at Sunset Boulevard. They platted the street that very year, in 1906. By 1907, 75x160 foot parcels on Rodeo were selling for $1,100 each. It became a bridle path in 1912, when the Beverly Hills Hotel was built on a former lima bean field. By November 1925, similar lots were selling for between $15,000 and $30,000, almost double what they'd been selling for in September. The central part of Rodeo eventually became a",
"psg_id": "4309395"
},
{
"title": "Air Mobility Rodeo",
"text": "performed at Rodeo, filming a two-hour program for his 84th birthday. President Ronald Reagan and Secretary of the Air Force Edward Aldridge Jr. were also on hand for Bob Hope’s performance. No Rodeo was held in 1988 because of budget constraints. However, the Rodeo returned in 1989. This Rodeo was the first to showcase the airdrop capability of the C-5 Galaxy. The C-5 set a world record by dropping four M551 Sheridan light tanks and 73 paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division totaling 190,346 pounds. No competition was held from 2001–2004 because of the increased operations tempo as a result",
"psg_id": "10588108"
},
{
"title": "History of rodeo",
"text": "laid still while just a few plodded along. First place went to the owner of turtle Goober Dust taking home $7,100. Second place took home $1,250. These turtles, however, were not attributed to the Cowboy Turtles Association (CTA) which was started several years later in 1936. In 1934, the World Series Rodeo arrived in Madison Square Garden. The rodeo offered $40,000 in prizes. The World Series Rodeo promoter, Colonel William T. Johnson, had lost $40,000 promoting a Wild West Show in Texas six years prior and decided to promote his money back. He put on 5 rodeos a year and",
"psg_id": "10021536"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Copland House",
"text": "Other previous winners include Pierre Jalbert, Richard Danielpour, Robert Xavier Rodriguez, Robert Paterson, Judith Lang Zaimont, Andrew Norman, Derek Bermel, Du Yun, Henry Threadgill, Alvin Singleton, Dave Douglas, Christopher Theofanidis, and Hannah Lash. In 1999, Copland House initiated its resident chamber ensemble Music From Copland House (MCH), the U.S.'s only wide-ranging American repertory ensemble, which made its debut at the Opening Night of Merkin Concert Hall’s 1999-2000 season. In September 2009, \"Copland House at Merestead\", the organization's regular mainstage concert series, was established at the historic Merestead Estate in Mount Kisco, New York. The Rock Hill property is on the",
"psg_id": "15177989"
},
{
"title": "Polish National Ballet",
"text": "Polish National Ballet The Polish National Ballet (PNB) is the largest and the most important ballet company in Poland. It continues a national ballet heritage, which dates to the 17th century. Modernly it was known until 2009 as the ballet of the Teatr Wielki - Polish National Opera. In that year the ballet received artistic autonomy reflected in the theatre's by-laws and was elevated to the rank of Polish National Ballet. Since then, its director is Polish choreographer Krzysztof Pastor. In 1628 a traveling Italian opera troupe created the first ballet performance in Poland. Ballet scenes were then often incorporated",
"psg_id": "14933108"
},
{
"title": "Mary Walker (rodeo)",
"text": "the requirement was 15. Walker entered another NFR this year. She had $112,216 in her regular season earnings. She was third in the World Standings. She has combined earnings of $300,000 for her past four NFR appearances, not counting what she will win at this year's NFR. For the first time, she brought a backup horse, nicknamed Bojangles. along with Latte. Other winnings included the Lewiston Roundup in Idaho, Montana's Biggest Weekend, Northwest Montana Fair & Rodeo, Canyonlands Rodeo in Utah, Spanish Fork, Utah, 56th Belt in Montana, Maah Daah Hey Stampede in North Dakota, and La Fiesta de los",
"psg_id": "20745250"
},
{
"title": "San Francisco Ballet",
"text": "the broad success of productions such as 1977's \"Romeo and Juliet\", which aired on the PBS series \"Great Performances: Dance in America\" in 1978. This televised performance marked the first time that a West Coast ballet company, and a full-length ballet, was shown on the PBS TV series. PBS televised three more of Smuin's SF Ballet productions, and his productions of \"The Tempest\" and \"A Song for Dead Warriors\" went on to win Emmy Awards. Smuin led the company until 1985. Helgi Tomasson's 1985 arrival as artistic director marked the beginning of a new era for San Francisco Ballet. Under",
"psg_id": "6045918"
},
{
"title": "Milwaukee Ballet",
"text": "Milwaukee Ballet The Milwaukee Ballet is a professional ballet company founded by Roberta Boorse of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. It is located in Milwaukee, and is currently run by Michael Pink, the artistic director. The Milwaukee Ballet was founded in 1969, and held its first performance on April 24, 1970 at the School of Fine Arts at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. Less than a year later the company began performing in Uihlein Hall at the Marcus Center for the Performing Arts, where it still performs today. In 1975 the Milwaukee Ballet opened an affiliated school, the Milwaukee Ballet School. Today",
"psg_id": "5879354"
},
{
"title": "Tom Sawyer: A Ballet in Three Acts",
"text": "(the Aaron Copland masterpieces, or Balanchine’s ballet “On Your Toes”) were even as much as an hour in length, let alone three-acts. He came up with the idea of Twain’s “Tom Sawyer” as a possible appropriate subject for a full length form. The book \"seemed a natural fit principally because its form, like ballet, is episodic”, he said, citing \"The Painting of the Fence\" scene, \"Lost With Becky Thatcher in The Cave,\" \"Witnessing the Murder in the Graveyard,\" as examples. Upon hearing the score William Whitener, Artistic Director of Kansas City Ballet, agreed to choreograph and mount the production, saying",
"psg_id": "19346091"
},
{
"title": "The Royal Ballet",
"text": "dancer, choreographer and director. His first choreography for the Royal Ballet, was \"Fleur de Peux\", a solo work created in 2000 on Viviana Durante. This led to further commissions by the Royal Ballet, including \"Symbiont(s)\" in 2001, \"Qualia\" in 2003 and \"Engram\" in 2005. He also created the ballet \"brainstate\" in 2001, as a collaboration between the Royal Ballet and his own company, Random Dance. McGregor was appointed Resident Choreographer of the Royal Ballet in 2006, the first person to hold the post in sixteen years, and the first to be selected from the world of contemporary dance. McGregor's works",
"psg_id": "4370009"
},
{
"title": "The Royal Ballet",
"text": "for the Royal Ballet include: First performing together with the Royal Ballet in Giselle on 21 February 1962, Margot Fonteyn and Rudolf Nureyev would form what has been called the greatest ballet partnership of all time. The partnership would lead to both dancers being noted amongst the most famous ballet dancers of all time and came at the peak of what is now widely regarded as the most successful period in the Royal Ballet's history. On 12 March 1963, the couple premiered Sir Frederick Ashton's \"Marguerite and Armand\", the first ballet created for them and one that become their signature",
"psg_id": "4370010"
},
{
"title": "Symphony in C (ballet)",
"text": "the four movements were originally associated with and designed using the colors four gemstones, three of which Balanchine subsequently retained for the three movements of his 1967 ballet \"Jewels\": Emeralds, Rubies and Diamonds. Even before the ballet was renamed \"Symphony in C\", he had eliminated the color scheme and changed to the white costumes still used. The NYCB premiere took place as the final piece on the first performance, October 11, 1948, of the newly renamed City Ballet at the City Center of Music and Drama with costumes by Karinska. Jerome Robbins was in the audience at that performance and",
"psg_id": "11256551"
},
{
"title": "Copland (operating system)",
"text": "such as object orientation, crash-proofing, and multitasking. The project was Apple's trigger to cofound several industry-wide standards and consortiums for next-generation operating system development, such as OpenDoc and Taligent. Copland reached Developer Release beta testing status before its cancellation in August 1996. Instead, Apple released a much more legacy-oriented Mac OS 8 in 1997, followed by Mac OS 9's architectural improvements in 1999, and then Mac OS X became Apple's next-generation operating system release in 2001. All of these releases bear some functional or cosmetic influence from Copland. As a product of dysfunctional corporate personnel and project management, Copland is",
"psg_id": "2824587"
},
{
"title": "Douglas Copland",
"text": "Douglas Copland Sir Douglas Berry Copland (24 February 189427 September 1971) was an Australian academic and economist. Douglas Copland was born in Otago, New Zealand in 1894, the thirteenth of sixteen children. He was raised there and lived there till he was 21. In 1920, at the age of 26, he became Professor of Economics at the University of Tasmania. In 1924 Copland was appointed the Professor of Commerce (a post he held until 1944) and first Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Commerce at the University of Melbourne. He was also the Truby Williams Professor of Economics at",
"psg_id": "13948614"
},
{
"title": "Sweetheart of the Rodeo",
"text": "500 Greatest Albums of All Time, and \"Stylus Magazine\" named it their 175th favorite album of all time in the same year. \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\" went on to inspire the name of the 1980s country duo, Sweethearts of the Rodeo, who paid tribute to the Byrds' album with the sleeve of their 1990 album, \"Buffalo Zone\". In 2018, Roger McGuinn and Chris Hillman reunited for a U.S. tour celebrating the 50th anniversary of \"Sweetheart of the Rodeo\". The duo, who were backed on the tour by Marty Stuart and his Fabulous Superlatives, performed all of the songs from the",
"psg_id": "1604640"
}
] | [
"1942",
"one thousand, nine hundred and forty-two"
] |
ferihegy international airport is in which country? | [
{
"title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport",
"text": "Since July 2017 the 100E shuttle bus service operates between Terminal 2 and Deák Ferenc tér in the city centre for a special fare. Flixbus operates bus lines from the airport to numerous European cities including Prague, Timisoara, Sibiu and Vienna. Several companies operate airport shuttles taking passengers to any destination in the city. Other shuttles and coach services exist to outlying towns in Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Serbia. Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport () , formerly known as \"Budapest Ferihegy International Airport\" and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the",
"psg_id": "4648920"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport",
"text": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport () , formerly known as \"Budapest Ferihegy International Airport\" and still commonly called just Ferihegy, is the international airport serving the Hungarian capital city of Budapest, and by far the largest of the country's four commercial airports. The airport is located southeast of the center of Budapest (bordering Pest county) and was renamed in 2011 in honour of the most famous Hungarian composer Franz Liszt (Liszt Ferenc, in Hungarian) on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth. It offers international connections primarily within Europe, but also to Africa,",
"psg_id": "4648892"
},
{
"title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport",
"text": "network of low-cost carriers, the airport was not only able to survive but to grow in a way that was unprecedented in the region. In 2018 LOT Polish Airlines made Budapest their first hub outside Poland, with flights to New York–JFK, Chicago–O'Hare, Kraków and London City Airport. Nowadays, the Budapest hub of Wizz Air is the largest of all with more 60 destinations worldwide. By the end of 2018, the airport hopes to reach 15 million passengers a year that would nearly be twice as much as in 2013. Originally called Budapest Ferihegy International Airport (\"Budapest Ferihegy Nemzetközi Repülőtér\"), on",
"psg_id": "4648894"
},
{
"title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport",
"text": "25 March 2011 it was officially renamed Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport, in honor of the Hungarian pianist and composer Franz Liszt (Modern Hungarian: \"Liszt Ferenc\".) Popularly, the airport is still called Ferihegy as before. Ferihegy is the name of the neighborhood around the airport. The name is derived from that of Ferenc Xavér Mayerffy (1776–1845), the former owner of an estate who established vineyards and contributed to the development of viticulture in Pest-Buda. \"Feri\" is a diminutive form of Ferenc while \"hegy\" means hill. In fact, the area is almost totally flat; but originally there was a 147 m",
"psg_id": "4648895"
},
{
"title": "Sheremetyevo International Airport",
"text": "Olympics. It was built according to the principles of design of Hannover-Langenhagen Airport and was the arrival and departure point for international flights. Flights to cities in Russia and charter flights arrived and departed from Sheremetyevo-1. There is no physical connection between the two terminal complexes; they are essentially separate airports that use the same set of runways. Pulkovo Airport in Saint Petersburg; Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport in Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota; Sydney Airport in New South Wales, Australia; Perth Airport in Western Australia; Ferihegy in Budapest; Sofia International Airport in Bulgaria and Ninoy Aquino International Airport in Manila, Philippines are",
"psg_id": "1915341"
},
{
"title": "Budaörs Airport",
"text": "Airlines, and Transadriatica. The need for the replacement of Budaörs by a larger airport had been clear since 1939. Hills surrounding Budaörs Airport, a lack of room for expansion, and the need for longer, hard runways led the development of what would become Budapest Ferihegy International Airport. Ferihegy was ready in 1943, but bombing during World War 2 caused extensive damage to it. As Budaörs had survived the war relatively intact, it continued its service as the primary international airport until repairs at Ferihegy were completed. Ferihegy was reopened on 7 May 1950, and a Lisunov Li-2 flew in from",
"psg_id": "20097181"
},
{
"title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport",
"text": "state news agency MTI reports: ) In response, additional security measures were immediately implemented at Budapest Airport causing flight delays at both terminals. Unusually long passenger waiting queues were observed at the busier 2A-B terminal complex's departures area. These problems were solved over time, especially through the opening of the SkyCourt terminal including a central security zone. On 15 November 2010, Budapest Airport regained the \"Schengen Clear\"-status, after implementing the necessary security actions and after that, the airport underwent the strict re-inspection. On 16 March 2011, the name of Budapest Ferihegy International Airport was changed to Budapest Ferenc Liszt International",
"psg_id": "4648907"
},
{
"title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport",
"text": "used on this line. Another way to get to the city center from the airport is to catch a taxi. Cabs are available all day long in front of the terminal buildings. Budapest Airport's official Taxi partner is Főtaxi (Főtaxi's website) which has a taxi order stand at both arrival site's exit (outside the building). Hungarian State Railways runs suburban and long-distance services between (the now closed) Terminal 1 and Nyugati Railway Station in Budapest city center through Kőbánya-Kispest. The trip takes approximately 25 minutes. From Terminal 2 passengers need to take bus 200E to Ferihegy vasútállomás (Ferihegy railway station).",
"psg_id": "4648919"
},
{
"title": "Budaörs Airport",
"text": "Budaörs to mark the occasion. All international services transferred from Budaörs shortly afterwards, and recreational flying and parachuting activities which had gone on at Ferihegy moved to Budaörs. Budaörs is now an active general aviation airport, with many light aircraft and gliders based there. It is home of several recreational- and flight training businesses, as well as of the Goldtimer Foundation, which restores and regularly gives passenger rides on its vintage aircraft, like the Lisunov Li-2, Polikarpov Po-2, Rubik R-18 Kánya and the Rubik R-11 Cimbora. Budaörs Airport Budaörs Airport (), is an airport located to the south-west of Budapest,",
"psg_id": "20097182"
},
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "the left of runway 10. In 2017, 2,148,484 passengers passed through Mérida International Airport, a 10.2% increase from 2016. It became the 8th airport in the country to reach the 2 million milestone. Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International",
"psg_id": "5457486"
},
{
"title": "Heathrow Airport Holdings",
"text": "a result, the company was delisted from the London Stock Exchange (where it had previously been part of the FTSE 100 Index) on 15 August 2006. Following the take-over, the decision was made to sell the stake in Ferihegy and this was completed in June 2007, when a consortium led by Hochtief AirPort of Germany purchased the stake. BAA expanded into international operations, including retail contracts at Boston Logan International Airport and Baltimore-Washington International Airport (through its subsidiary BAA USA, Inc.), and a management contract with the City of Indianapolis to run the Indianapolis International Airport (as BAA Indianapolis, Inc.)",
"psg_id": "3045345"
},
{
"title": "Mérida International Airport",
"text": "Mérida International Airport Manuel Crescencio Rejón International Airport, formerly known as Mérida-Rejón Airport is an international airport located in the Mexican city of Mérida, Yucatán. It is located on the southern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro Mérida/Mérida Center); the other ones being Mexico City International Airport, Monterrey International Airport and Mazatlán International Airport. Mérida Center controls air traffic over the southeast part of the country. It handles both domestic and international flights, and is open 24 hours a day. It can service airplanes as large",
"psg_id": "5457484"
},
{
"title": "L.A. International Airport",
"text": "L.A. International Airport \"L.A. International Airport\" is a song written by Leanne Scott that became an international pop hit for the American country singer Susan Raye in 1971. The song was first recorded by David Frizzell in 1970. It reached #67 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. Susan Raye recorded her version of the song in 1971, which became an international hit. It reached #9 on the \"Billboard\" Country Singles chart. On other charts, \"L.A. International Airport\" reached #54 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song enjoyed much greater success outside of America and was a major pop hit in",
"psg_id": "11523741"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11 domestic and seven international destinations, complete with a 4267-meter runway which is the longest runway in use in Southeast Asia and capacity to handle up to 3 million passengers a year. It is the main operating base of Golden Myanmar Airlines. The Mandalay International Airport project was",
"psg_id": "8517034"
},
{
"title": "Mazatlán International Airport",
"text": "over the northwest part of the country. In 2016, the airport handled 973,440 passengers, and in 2017, the airport handled 994,283 passengers. Mazatlán International Airport General Rafael Buelna International Airport (, ), also known as Mazatlán International Airport (), is located in Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico. This airport is the most important in Sinaloa for its international operations, and second to Culiacan International Airport for its domestic operations. It has one terminal with two concourses. It is located on the southeastern edge of the city and it is one of four airports in Mexico which has an Area Control Center (Centro",
"psg_id": "5265466"
},
{
"title": "Bonriki International Airport",
"text": "Bonriki International Airport Bonriki International Airport is an international airport in Kiribati, serving as the main gateway to the country. It is located in its capital, South Tarawa, which is a group of islets in the atoll of Tarawa in the Gilbert Islands. Fiji's national carrier, Fiji Airways, and Kiribati's state-owned airline, Air Kiribati, both connect Kiribati with Nadi, which is Fiji Airways' hub and Fiji's main international gateway. Nauru Airlines flies to Nauru International Airport, continuing to Honiara, the capital of Solomon Islands, and further to Brisbane, Australia. This service was suspended from July 2008 to November 2009. The",
"psg_id": "7433528"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have to stop over in Turkey. Because of these difficulties and inconveniencies, the majority of Turkish Cypriots with Republic of Cyprus passports prefer to use Larnaca International Airport, which is located in",
"psg_id": "5692735"
},
{
"title": "General Santos International Airport",
"text": "General Santos International Airport General Santos International Airport, (stylized as General Santos City Airport)(, ), is an alternate international airport located in the city of General Santos, Philippines serving the greater area of SOCCSKSARGEN (Region XII). Situated in Prk New Hondagua, Uhaw, Barangay Fatima, the airport is the largest airport in the island of Mindanao and is officially classified an International Airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines (CAAP), a government bureau which is responsible in the management and operations of General Santos International Airport and all other airports in the country except regular international airports. Inaugurated on",
"psg_id": "7889566"
},
{
"title": "Benina International Airport",
"text": "Benina International Airport Benina International Airport () serves Benghazi, Libya. It is located in the town of Benina, 19 kilometres (12 mi) east of Benghazi, from which it takes its name. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation and Meteorology Bureau of Libya and is the second largest in the country after Tripoli International Airport. Benina International is also the secondary hub of both Buraq Air and flag carrier, Libyan Airlines. As of 17 July 2014 all flights to the airport were suspended due to fighting in the area. The runway length does not include a overrun on the",
"psg_id": "8032491"
},
{
"title": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport",
"text": "Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport Mattala Rajapaksa International Airport (MRIA) (; ) is an international airport serving southeast Sri Lanka. It is located in the town of Mattala, from Hambantota. It is the first greenfield airport and the second international airport in the country, after Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo. MRIA was opened in March 2013 by President Mahinda Rajapaksa, who ordered the construction of the airport. Initially, several airlines flew to the airport, including SriLankan Airlines which established a hub. However, due to low demand, most of these airlines left Mattala. As of June 2018 there are no scheduled flights",
"psg_id": "17115961"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport, which manages about half of the international flights in Venezuela. The earlier airport was Grano de Oro (1960 diagram) Runway 03L/21R length does",
"psg_id": "6521137"
},
{
"title": "Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport",
"text": "BAA announced intentions to sell its stake in Budapest Airport to a consortium led by the German airport group, HOCHTIEF AirPort GmbH, subject to the consent of the Hungarian State. On 18 April 2007, the renovation of Terminal 1 at Ferihegy was awarded Europe's most prestigious heritage preservation prize, the Europa Nostra award. The designers, contractors, builders and investors (the latter being BA) received the joint award of the European Commission and of the pan-European heritage preservation organisation Europa Nostra for the renovation of the protected monument spaces, the central hall, the gallery and the furniture at T1. On 6",
"psg_id": "4648904"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "airport development was expected to be followed by the construction of a new State House, parliament building, ministry buildings, court houses and other support facilities. The developments were intended to improve Sierra Leone's competitiveness as the country prepares to become a middle income country by 2035. Other related development projects are the planned bridging of \"Tagrin Bay\", which separates Freetown from the peninsula on which Lungi International Airport is located, and the ongoing expansion of the port of Freetown. China Railway International Group had been contracted to build the airport at a cost of US$318 million, borrowed from the Exim",
"psg_id": "20642062"
},
{
"title": "Dushanbe International Airport",
"text": "Dushanbe International Airport Dushanbe International Airport is an airport in Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan. It is the a main hub for Somon Air and Tajik Air, with the latter having its head office on the property. In 1924 the first airport was built in the country, in the city currently known as Dushanbe. In November 1929 a new airport was built to serve Stalinabad (past name of Dushanbe). In 1964 the current airport complex was put into operation. Over the years the airport has been reconstructed several times. A new French-built terminal, which can serve 1.5 million passengers a",
"psg_id": "7286393"
},
{
"title": "Eldoret International Airport",
"text": "Eldoret International Airport Eldoret Airport is an international airport in Kenya. Eldoret Airport, , is located in the city of Eldoret, in Uasin Gishu County, in the midwestern Kenya, close to the International border with Uganda. Its location is approximately , by road, south of the central business district of Eldoret. This location lies approximately , by air, northwest of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest civilian and military airport in the country. Eldoret International Airport is a large airport that serves the city of Eldoret and the surrounding communities. Situated at above sea level, the airport has a single",
"psg_id": "11830734"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "late June/early July, Miami Air International from Toronto and Sun Country Airlines from New York. Air Canada Rouge made their inaugural flight from Toronto-Pearson International Airport to Argyle International Airport on December 14, 2017. While Caribbean Airlines began weekly non-stop service between Argyle International Airport and New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport on March 14, 2018. On 2 May 2018, American Airlines announced new weekly nonstop flights to AIA from Miami which commenced on 15 December 2018. Year round flights from Toronto, New York City and Miami are now selling. The Argyle International Airport (AIA), which serves commercial passengers, as",
"psg_id": "14206543"
},
{
"title": "Voronezh International Airport",
"text": "stage, which is expanding its capacity for reception and service of most modern passenger and luxury types of aircraft. Voronezh Airport supports intermodal free transportation of passengers for 13 regions of the country. Any passenger is delivered to the airport for free. Voronezh International Airport Voronezh International Airport () (also recorded as Chertovitskoye Airport) is an airport in Russia located 11 km north of Voronezh. Serves the city of Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov, Oryol, Belgorod, Kursk regions. July 10, 1933 - open regular air service on the route Moscow - Voronezh - Stalingrad on multi-seat aircraft K-5 in 1971 a new",
"psg_id": "9270157"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "planned. There will be new railways from Siewierz and Tarnowskie Góry to Katowice International Airport. Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is",
"psg_id": "4834653"
},
{
"title": "Moi International Airport",
"text": "Moi International Airport Moi International Airport , is the international airport of Mombasa, the second-biggest city in Kenya. It is located in Mombasa County, in a township called Port Reitz and features regional as well as intercontinental flights. Moi International Airport serves the city of Mombasa and surrounding communities. It lies approximately , by air, southeast of Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, the largest and busiest airport in the country. Mombasa Airport is operated by Kenya Airports Authority. It was named after former Kenyan President Daniel arap Moi during his tenure. At above sea level, the airport has two runways: Runway",
"psg_id": "8639703"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ). In 2015, under the leadership of the Organization of Kish Free Trade Zone (FTZ), a new terminal is planned for construction. The new terminal would turn Kish International Airport into the 2nd largest airport of the country with a 4.5 million passengers capacity per year. 2.7 million passengers travelled through the airport that year. The Kish International Aiprort is the main host of the Iran Kish Air Show, the aviation airshow held biennially. Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the",
"psg_id": "9679327"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "Penang International Airport Penang International Airport , within the city of George Town, is one of the busiest airports in Malaysia. The airport is located near Bayan Lepas at the southeastern tip of Penang Island, south of the city centre. Previously known as the Bayan Lepas International Airport, it was opened in 1935, making it the oldest airport in the country. Penang International Airport is a medium-sized airport with frequent connections to major cities in Asia such as Kuala Lumpur, Singapore, Bangkok, Jakarta, Medan, Hong Kong and Taipei, and serves as the main airport for northern Malaysia. In addition, Penang",
"psg_id": "4867030"
},
{
"title": "Faisalabad International Airport",
"text": "from the airport. There are a number of connections from the railway station to other parts of the country. The Risalewala railway station is also located towards the south east of the airport which can be accessed via the Faisalabad Bypass. Traditional CNG powered rickshaws at the airport road entrance are quite popular amongst the local community. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Lahore in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Faisalabad International Airport Faisalabad International Airport is",
"psg_id": "6408854"
},
{
"title": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport",
"text": "Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport , formerly known as Sahar International Airport, is the primary international airport serving the Mumbai Metropolitan Area, India. It is the second busiest airport in the country in terms of total and international passenger traffic after Delhi, and was the 14th busiest airport in Asia and 29th busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic in calendar year 2017 handling over 47.2 million passengers. Its passenger traffic was about 48.5 million in fiscal year 2017-18. The airport is the second busiest in the country in terms of cargo traffic also.",
"psg_id": "1986487"
},
{
"title": "Katowice International Airport",
"text": "Katowice International Airport Katowice International Airport () is an international airport, located in Pyrzowice, north of Katowice, Poland. The airport has the fourth-biggest (second-biggest in Summer Season) passenger flow in Poland. Katowice Airport has the biggest charter passenger flow of the airports in Poland. In August 2017 this airport was the second biggest airport in Poland in passenger flow. It is also second biggest airport in the Country in Cargo traffic. Katowice Airport operates a lot of charter, regular and cargo flights. The airport is an operating base for Enter Air, Ryanair Sun, Smartwings, Travel Service Polska and Wizz Air.",
"psg_id": "4834643"
},
{
"title": "Kigali International Airport",
"text": "Kigali International Airport Kigali International Airport , formerly known as Gregoire Kayibanda International Airport, but sometimes referred to as Kanombe International Airport, is the primary airport serving Kigali, the capital of Rwanda. It is the main air gateway for all destinations in the country, and in addition serves as a transit airport for Goma and Bukavu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The airport is located in the suburb of \"Kanombe\", at the eastern edge of Kigali, approximately , by road, east of the central business district of the city of Kigali. During the Rwandan Civil War, Kigali",
"psg_id": "7265031"
},
{
"title": "Shahjalal International Airport",
"text": "Shahjalal International Airport Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport, ( \"Hôzrôt Shahjalal Antôrjatik Bimanbôndôr\") , is the largest and most prominent international airport in Bangladesh. It is located in Kurmitola 11 miles (17 kilometres) in the northern part of the capital city Dhaka and it is also a part of \"BAF Bangabandhu Base\" used by the Bangladesh Air Force. The airport has an area of . The Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh (CAAB) operates and maintains the airport. It started operations in 1980, taking over from Tejgaon Airport as the principal international airport of the country and was formerly known as Dacca",
"psg_id": "4685601"
},
{
"title": "Ventspils International Airport",
"text": "Ventspils International Airport Ventspils International Airport is an airport southwest of Ventspils, Latvia. It is the newest airport and, with Liepāja International Airport and Riga International Airport, is one of the three notable airports in the country. Ventspils Airport was founded in 1939. From 1940 on it was used by Soviet Aircraft. Once 1975 an asphalt-concrete runway () and an apron () were built. At that time there was an air control dispatchers point at the aerodrome and 40-45 employees worked in the airport. The aerodrome was used by aircraft AN-24, AN-2, YAK-40, MI-2. The flight range was small and",
"psg_id": "3628428"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "major hub in the nation. By the summer of 1940, SCATDA had changed to Avianca, and Barranquilla became its first major hub. Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky",
"psg_id": "20565434"
},
{
"title": "Soledad International Airport",
"text": "Soledad International Airport Soledad International Airport was the main airport of Barranquilla, Colombia from 1936 to 1981 when it was replaced by Ernesto Cortissoz International Airport. It was the main international hub in the country from 1936 to 1959. In the early 1930s, the airline SCADTA based its main hub at the Airport of Veranillo which was a seaplane port on the Magdalena River and had been operating since 1919. The airline operated several Fokker Universals and Sikorsky S-38s from the main terminal at the seaplane port to many different parts of Colombia. It had also been an important stopover",
"psg_id": "20565431"
},
{
"title": "Cochin International Airport",
"text": "buildings. which is towards last phase of construction. Cochin International Airport is listed among the 12 major airports of India. Its safety and security is handled by the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security through the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF). Cochin was the third international airport and the first private airport in the country to come under the cover of CISF in 2001, after the Central Government decided to hand over airport security to CISF in the wake of the hijacking of Indian Airlines Flight 814. Security was handled by the Kerala Police; Special Branch of Kochi Police before the",
"psg_id": "3160593"
},
{
"title": "Mandalay International Airport",
"text": "years. The previous operator was Myanmar's Ministry of Transport. In August 2013, the vendor technical team started the inspection of the airport to develop an airport Master Plan that included airport services and cargo-handling areas as well as anticipating future needs such as extending the airport’s buildings. Mandalay International Airport Mandalay International Airport (; ), located 35 km south of Mandalay in Tada-U, is one of only three international airports in Myanmar. Completed in 1999, the airport was the largest and most modern airport in the country until the modernization of Yangon International Airport in 2008, the airport connects 11",
"psg_id": "8517041"
},
{
"title": "Penang International Airport",
"text": "by the Penang state government to expand the airport largely went unheeded by the Malaysian federal government, even though the airport has exceeded its maximum capacity of 6.5 million passengers. In 2017, the federal authorities finally announced plans to expand the airport to accommodate 12 million passengers per year by 2029. Penang International Airport is the third busiest airport in the country in terms of passenger traffic after Kuala Lumpur International Airport and Kota Kinabalu International Airport, and handles the second largest cargo tonnage of all Malaysian airports after Kuala Lumpur International Airport. , the airport posted a record 7.23",
"psg_id": "4867035"
},
{
"title": "Ercan International Airport",
"text": "of Northern Cyprus there are no non-stop scheduled flights between Ercan and destinations outside of Turkey. However, several airlines operate direct flights from Ercan to Europe with intermediate stops in Turkey. Ercan International Airport Ercan International Airport ( ) is the primary civilian airport of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. It is located about 13 km east of North Nicosia, near the village of Kirklar. Flights to the airport are banned internationally. Non-stop flights only take place from Turkey, which is the only country to recognise Northern Cyprus, and all planes that fly to Northern Cyprus from other countries have",
"psg_id": "5692739"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "replaced the much smaller E.T. Joshua Airport as St. Vincent and the Grenadines principal airport. During the construction of the new airport, the International Airport Development Company (IADC) faced numerous challenges and controversies, causing major delays in the construction process. This resulted in the airport being completed 5 years after the originally forecasted completion date. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducts the International Aviation Safety Assessment Program (IASA), assessing the Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) of each country that has carriers operating to the United States and has classified Argyle International Airport, which operates under the jurisdiction of the Eastern Caribbean Civil",
"psg_id": "14206511"
},
{
"title": "Chennai International Airport",
"text": "near Pallavaram to which, passenger operations were shifted. The new domestic terminal was commissioned in 1985 and the international terminal was commissioned in 1989. The old terminal building is now used as a cargo terminal and is the base for the Indian courier company Blue Dart. On 23 September 1999, a centre for flowers, fruits and vegetables was commissioned at the cargo terminal. The new international departure terminal was commissioned in 2003. In 2001, Chennai Airport became the first international airport in the country to receive ISO 9001-2000 certification. During the early days, Madras Airport was one of the largest",
"psg_id": "2018969"
},
{
"title": "Multan International Airport",
"text": "airport. There are also a number of traditional rickshaws available at the airport parking area & entrance which are quite popular to travel short distance within the city. Multan Cantonment railway station is the nearest railway station only less than 3 km away from the airport to get the railway connections for the other parts of country. The following table provides details of the major traffic flows out of Multan in terms of passenger numbers, aircraft movements, cargo as well as mail. The results were collected by the Civil Aviation Authority of Pakistan: Multan International Airport Multan International Airport ()",
"psg_id": "7179335"
},
{
"title": "Zvartnots International Airport",
"text": "Zvartnots International Airport Zvartnots International Airport (), is located near Zvartnots, west of Yerevan, the capital city of Armenia. It acts as the main international airport of Armenia and is Yerevan's main international transport hub. It is the busiest airport in the country. The airport was opened in 1961, and following a design competition held in 1970, M. Khachikyan, A. Tarkhanyan, S. Qalashyan, L. Cherkezyan and M. Baghdasaryan won the right to design the first terminal building. The airport was renovated in the 1980s with the development of a new terminal area, in order to meet domestic traffic demands within",
"psg_id": "3290804"
},
{
"title": "Malacca International Airport",
"text": "and airlines to promote tourism in the country. There is a taxi booth inside the terminal building, so arriving passengers can directly go to the booth and get in a taxi right away. Mahkota Medical Centre, Putra Hospital and Pantai Hospital provide free shuttle services on a daily basis from Malacca International Airport to their hospitals. Malacca International Airport Malacca International Airport (formerly known as Batu Berendam Airport is an airport located in Batu Berendam, Malacca, Malaysia. The airport serves the state of Malacca, as well as northern Johor. The terminal complex is equipped with international-standard amenities that can handle",
"psg_id": "8550088"
},
{
"title": "Gan International Airport",
"text": "2012 to further develop and expand GIA. A joint venture was formed between GACL, MACL and State Trading Organization plc (STO). The new venture is Addu International Airport pvt ltd (AIA). Gan International Airport is now owned and managed by Addu International Airport pvt ltd. The airport lies at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one runway designated 10/28 with a concrete surface measuring . Gan International Airport (GIA) is situated at the southern tip of the country, and allows international and domestic aircraft movements year-round. The Executive Terminal built for the SAARC summit in 2011 was",
"psg_id": "7413585"
},
{
"title": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport",
"text": "Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport , also known as Port Bouët Airport, is located south east of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. It is the largest airport in the country for air traffic. The airport is the main hub of the national airline Air Côte d'Ivoire. Named after the first president of Côte d'Ivoire, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, this international airport is connected to Europe — primarily via Air France, which offers fourteen weekly flights and A380 service, and also Brussels Airlines — and to the rest of Africa and the Middle East. Usually, the airport is served by over 20 airlines, covering",
"psg_id": "12984619"
},
{
"title": "Hector International Airport",
"text": "Hector International Airport Hector International Airport is a civil-military public airport three miles (5 km) northwest of Fargo, in Cass County, North Dakota, United States. The busiest airport in North Dakota, it is owned by the City of Fargo Municipal Airport Authority. Fargo Air National Guard Base is located adjacent to the airport. The airport was named after Martin Hector, who first leased, and then donated the original 50 acres of land to the city. Customs service is available for arrivals from Canada and other countries. Hector International has no scheduled passenger airline flights out of the country but has",
"psg_id": "1348057"
},
{
"title": "Tampa International Airport",
"text": "Top 3 airports in the country by Condé Nast. Tampa International Airport Tampa International Airport is an international airport six miles () west of Downtown Tampa, in Hillsborough County, Florida, United States. The airport is publicly owned by Hillsborough County Aviation Authority (HCAA). It has been praised for its architecture and \"Landside/Airside\" design of a central terminal (landside) connected by people movers to four satellite air terminals and gates (airsides), a pioneering concept when designed in the late 1960s. The airport was called Drew Field Municipal Airport until 1952. The airport is served by over twenty major air carrier airlines,",
"psg_id": "1910972"
},
{
"title": "Norman Manley International Airport",
"text": "Norman Manley International Airport Norman Manley International Airport , formerly Palisadoes Airport, is an international airport serving Kingston, Jamaica and is located south of the island 19 km away from the centre of New Kingston. It is the second busiest airport in the country after Sangster International Airport, recording 1,502,973 arriving passengers in 2015. There are over 130 international flights a week that depart from Norman Manley International Airport. Named in honour of Jamaican statesman Norman Manley, it is a hub for Caribbean Airlines and Fly Jamaica Airways. It is located on the Palisadoes tombolo in outer Kingston Harbour; it",
"psg_id": "1931844"
},
{
"title": "Bălți International Airport",
"text": "Bălți International Airport Bălți International Airport , formerly known as \"Bălți-Leadoveni International Airport\", is one of the two airports serving the city of Bălți, Moldova. Located north of the city center, in the northern part of the country, it is the second largest airport of Moldova, servicing cargo and charter flights. Another airport in the area, Bălți City Airport, located within the city limits, is primarily used for emergency interventions of regional importance. The first scheduled flights to Bălţi started on 24 June 1926, on the route Bucharest – Galați – Chișinău - Bălţi - Hotin - Cernauti. The flights",
"psg_id": "10922317"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Airlines. Also located at the airport are the Republic of Nauru Civil Aviation Authority, tasked with airport security and operational management; the Directorate of Immigration, tasked with control of incoming and outgoing passengers, and the Nauru Customs Service. Nauru International Airport serves as the main hub of the national carrier, Nauru Airlines. Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using",
"psg_id": "7041854"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "VMSB-241 who was the first Marine aviator killed in action at the Battle of Midway while leading his squadron in an attack against Japanese carrier forces. The field was abandoned after the war, but reopened in 1969 as a modernized civilian airport. The airport is capable of accommodating Boeing 737s. Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial",
"psg_id": "6959403"
},
{
"title": "Denver International Airport",
"text": "Denver International Airport Denver International Airport is an international airport serving metropolitan Denver, Colorado, United States. At 33,531 acres (13,570 ha, 52.4 sq mi), it is the largest airport in the United States by total land area. Runway 16R/34L, with a length of , is the longest public use runway in the United States. Denver currently has non-stop service to 205 destinations throughout North America, Latin America, Europe, and Asia. It is the fourth airport in the United States to reach the 200 marker. It also has the 2nd largest domestic network of any airport in the country with flights",
"psg_id": "1914674"
},
{
"title": "Nauru International Airport",
"text": "Nauru International Airport Nauru International Airport is the sole airport in the Republic of Nauru. The airport currently connects the country to eight international passenger destinations, all served by Nauru's national airline, Nauru Airlines. The airstrip was built during the World War II Japanese occupation of Nauru using forced labour and operations began in January 1943. After the war, it was converted to a civilian airport. The airport is located in the Yaren district, just north of many of the government buildings, including the Parliament House, police station, and the secondary school. The airport holds the head office of Nauru",
"psg_id": "7041853"
},
{
"title": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport",
"text": "Sir Seretse Khama International Airport Sir Seretse Khama International Airport , located north of Gaborone, is the main international airport of the capital city of Botswana. The airport is named after Sir Seretse Khama, the first president of Botswana. It was opened in 1984 and offers limited capacity to handle regional and (especially) international traffic. Nonetheless, it has the largest passenger movement in the country. In 2017 the airport got its first special economic zone which will house in the following departments: CAAB, BIH, ITPA and diamond hub for diamond sector. <br> On 11 October 1999, an Air Botswana pilot,",
"psg_id": "6911552"
},
{
"title": "Owen Roberts International Airport",
"text": "Owen Roberts International Airport Owen Roberts International Airport is an airport serving Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands. It is the main international airport for the Cayman Islands as well as the main base for Cayman Airways. The airport is named after British Royal Air Force (RAF) Wing Commander Owen Roberts, a pioneer of commercial aviation in the country, and is one of the two entrance ports to the Cayman Islands. Owen Roberts International Airport was the only international airport remaining in the Caribbean to have an open-air observation \"waving gallery\" until January 2017 when it was closed due to reconstruction. The",
"psg_id": "1931821"
},
{
"title": "El Alto International Airport",
"text": "the three biggest airports in the country: El Alto International Airport, Jorge Wilstermann International Airport and Viru Viru International Airport through its subsidiary Servicio de Aeropuertos Bolivianos S.A. (SABSA). In 1999 Airport Group International was purchased by TBI plc. In 2004, the company was acquired by the Spanish conglomerate Abertis, hence taking ownership of SABSA. In February 2013, the Government of Bolivia announced the nationalization of SABSA, taking full ownership and operations of Bolivia's main international gateways. El Alto International Airport El Alto International Airport () is an international airport located in the city of El Alto, Bolivia, west of",
"psg_id": "5958370"
},
{
"title": "Swansboro Country Airport",
"text": "Swansboro Country Airport Swansboro Country Airport is four air miles (6 km) northeast of Placerville, in El Dorado County, California. It is owned by the Swansboro Country Property Owners Association. Most U.S. airports use the same three-letter location identifier for the FAA and IATA, but Swansboro is 01CL to the FAA and has no IATA code. Swansboro Country Airport covers and has one asphalt runway, 9/27, which is . The runways slopes downhill to the west. Night operations are prohibited, and is unattended. The airport has 25 aircraft are based at the airport: 21 single engine, 3 multi-engine and 1",
"psg_id": "19127166"
},
{
"title": "Kish International Airport",
"text": "Kish International Airport Kish International Airport () is an international airport on Kish Island, Iran. The Kish International Airport serves as the entry point for the hundreds of thousands of tourists who come to Kish Island. The airport grants 14-day visa-free entry foreign citizens who enter from a foreign country under a different scheme from that of mainland Iran. Prior to the Iranian Revolution, Iran had an outstanding order for two Concorde aircraft. These aircraft were supposed to be used on Kish-Paris and Kish-London routes to serve the luxury tourism market that Kish was supposed to serve. The airport had",
"psg_id": "9679325"
},
{
"title": "Da Nang International Airport",
"text": "Da Nang International Airport Da Nang International Airport () is located in Da Nang, the largest city in central Vietnam. It is the third international airport in the country, besides Noi Bai International Airport (Hanoi) and Tan Son Nhat International Airport (Ho Chi Minh City), and is an important gateway to access central Vietnam. In addition to its civil aviation, the runway is shared with the Vietnamese People's Air Force (\"VPAF\", the \"Không Quân Nhân Dân Việt Nam\"), although military activities are now extremely limited. The airport served 5 million passengers in 2014, around six years sooner than expectation. An",
"psg_id": "6246652"
},
{
"title": "Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport",
"text": "long Fathers Day weekend, WVSA hosts the annual Midwest Vintage/Classic Sailplane Regatta. Many pilots bring vintage and classic gliders from all over the country for this annual event. Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport Lawrenceville–Vincennes International Airport is a public use airport in Lawrence County, Illinois, United States. Owned by the Bi-State Authority, it is located three nautical miles (6 km) northeast of the city of Lawrenceville, Illinois and also serves the city of Vincennes in Knox County, Indiana. This airport is included in the National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems for 2011–2015, which categorized it as a \"general aviation\" facility. Established in",
"psg_id": "13380190"
},
{
"title": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport",
"text": "Tobías Bolaños International Airport Tobías Bolaños International Airport () is one of the four international airports in Costa Rica and the secondary airport serving the city capital of San José after Juan Santamaría International Airport. The airport is named after the Costa Rican pilot Tobias Bolaños Palma (1892-1953), first pilot graduated and who laid the foundation of aviation in Costa Rica. This airport is the main base for general aviation in the country as well as most of private flight operations, charter flights, tourism and aviation schools. Tobías Bolaños airport is located in downtown San José, namely, at the district",
"psg_id": "6935645"
},
{
"title": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport",
"text": "Chinggis Khaan International Airport Chinggis Khaan International Airport (, \"Çingis hán olon ulsîn niseh búdal\", ) is the international airport serving Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, situated southwest of the capital. It is the largest international air facility in the country. The airport was first established as \"Buyant-Ukhaa airport\" (, \"Buyant-Uhá niseh onğocnî töw búdal\") on 19 February 1957. In 1958, international flights began with flights to Irkutsk and Beijing using Ilyushin Il-14 aircraft. Regular flights from the airport started in 1961. The terminal was upgraded to make it suitable for international traffic in 1986. Between 1994 and 1997 a further major upgrade",
"psg_id": "1367145"
},
{
"title": "Chiang Mai International Airport",
"text": "Chiang Mai International Airport Chiang Mai International Airport () is an international airport serving Chiang Mai, the capital city of Chiang Mai Province in Thailand. It is a major gateway to Northern Thailand, and currently the fourth busiest airport in the country. The airport was established in 1921 as Suthep Airport. As a result of the temporary closure of Suvarnabhumi Airport in 2008 due to the protests, Chiang Mai became the alternative stop-over for China Airlines' Taipei-Europe flights and for Swiss International Airlines' Singapore-Zurich flights in the interim. On 24 January 2011, the airport became a secondary hub for Thai",
"psg_id": "1924619"
},
{
"title": "La Chinita International Airport",
"text": "not include a paved overrun on the north end. The Maracaibo VORTAC (Ident: MAR) is located northeast of the threshold of Runway 21R. La Chinita International Airport La Chinita International Airport is an airport serving Maracaibo, in the Zulia state of Venezuela. La Chinita is Venezuela's second most important airport in terms of passenger and aircraft movements, after Simón Bolívar International Airport near Caracas. The airport opened on 16 November 1969, during the administration of President of Venezuela Rafael Caldera, to open a gateway to the western part of the country and to alleviate congestion from Simón Bolívar International Airport,",
"psg_id": "6521138"
},
{
"title": "Mamamah International Airport",
"text": "Mamamah International Airport Mamamah International Airport was an airport under construction in Sierra Leone. It was part of the infrastructure to be built as Sierra Leone prepares to shift its political and administrative capital, away from over-crowded Freetown. Mamamah Airport was to be located in Mamboima, near \"Songo Village\", Koya Chiefdom in Port Loko District, approximately , by road, south-east of Freetown, the capital and largest city in the West African country. The average elevation of Songo Village is , above sea level. This airport would be a large international airport capable of handling large passenger and cargo aircraft. The",
"psg_id": "20642061"
},
{
"title": "Trivandrum International Airport",
"text": "the upcoming Vizhinjam International Seaport . Buses connect Trivandrum airport to different parts of the city. Services are mainly operated by the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation which connects the airport to East Fort, Kochi, Kollam etc. The nearest railway station is Kochuveli railway station which is about 5 km away and Thiruvananthapuram Central railway station is about 5.5 km. These railway stations are well connected with different regions of the country. Chipsan Aviation air charter services operating Helitaxi service from the airport to the various locations. Pre-paid taxi services are available from both the terminals of Trivandrum airport. Taxi",
"psg_id": "2402419"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007. The airport is linked to local cities as well as central hubs",
"psg_id": "7306563"
},
{
"title": "Quetta International Airport",
"text": "allocated a Rs 270m budget for the upgrading work on the airport. Quetta International Airport Quetta International Airport (Pashtoکوټې نړیوال هوايي ډګر) ; is located at Quetta, the provincial capital of Balochistan, Pakistan. The airport is the fourth highest airport in Pakistan (1605 metres above sea level). It is second largest airport in the south region of the country and the largest for the province of Balochistan. It is situated 12 km south-west of the city spread over an area of . Average scheduled flights were 1332, non-scheduled flights 247, and the total recorded passenger flow was 152,698 in 2007.",
"psg_id": "7306568"
},
{
"title": "Las Américas International Airport",
"text": "Las Américas International Airport Las Américas International Airport (, or AILA) is an international airport located in Punta Caucedo, near Santo Domingo and Boca Chica in the Dominican Republic. The airport is run by Aeropuertos Dominicanos Siglo XXI (AERODOM), a private corporation based in the Dominican Republic under a 25-year concession to build, operate, and transfer (BOT) six of the country's airports. Las Américas usually receives a wide variety of long-, mid- and short-haul aircraft. The airport is the second-busiest in the country, after Punta Cana International Airport, and one of the largest in the Caribbean, handling 3.5 million passengers",
"psg_id": "2985277"
},
{
"title": "Hobart International Airport",
"text": "entering the country. Due to the airport's southern location, Skytraders operates regular flights to Antarctica on behalf of the Australian Antarctic Division using an Airbus A319. Hobart International Airport was opened in 1956 and privatised in 1988. Occupying approximately of land, the airport is situated on a narrow peninsula. Take-offs and landings are inevitably directed over bodies of water regardless of approach or departure direction. The region immediately surrounding the airport remains largely unpopulated, which enables the airport to operate curfew-free services. In the 2010-11 financial year, the airport handled 1,903,000 passenger movements, making it the ninth busiest airport in",
"psg_id": "3503437"
},
{
"title": "Lynden Pindling International Airport",
"text": "Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas and is located in western New Providence island near the capital city of Nassau. During World War II on 30 December 1942, the airport was named Windsor Field (after the Duke of Windsor) and became a Royal Air Force station. Windsor Field was the second airport in The Bahamas and was used for delivery flights of US-built fighter",
"psg_id": "4470407"
},
{
"title": "Kelowna International Airport",
"text": "the airport for Kelowna via Highway 97N. The airport has an outdoor parking lot next to the terminal and some short term spaces near the terminal building. The airport is serviced by Kelowna Regional Route 23 and Vernon Regional Route 90 (rush hour service only) buses, which connect Vernon and Lake Country with UBC Okanagan Exchange in Kelowna. The airport is not served by the bus on evenings and weekends. Passengers heading to downtown Kelowna or West Kelowna can transfer to 97X Kelowna RapidBus at UBC Okanagan Exchange. In 2006, the Kelowna International Airport Advisory Committee created the Master Plan",
"psg_id": "5049486"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Reports. Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The",
"psg_id": "5534228"
},
{
"title": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport",
"text": "Silvio Pettirossi International Airport Silvio Pettirossi International Airport is Paraguay's main national and international gateway, located at Luque, serving the capital city, Asunción. It is named after the Paraguayan aviator Silvio Pettirossi and was formerly known as President Stroessner International Airport, after Paraguay's former head of state General Alfredo Stroessner.<br> In 2017, Pettirossi handled a record 1.2 million passengers, making it the busiest airport in the country. It is the main international hub for LATAM Paraguay and Paranair. The airport serves as hub for LATAM Paraguay, formerly known as TAM Paraguay, TAM Mercosur and LAP (Líneas Aéreas Paraguayas). The terminal",
"psg_id": "5534224"
},
{
"title": "Kempegowda International Airport",
"text": "is the third-busiest airport by passenger traffic in the country, behind the airports in Delhi and Mumbai, and is the 34th busiest airport in Asia. It handled over 25.04 million passengers in calendar year 2017 with over 600 aircraft movements a day. The airport also handled about of cargo. The airport consists of a single runway and passenger terminal, which handles both domestic and international operations. A second runway is being constructed and is expected to be operational by September 2019 while a second terminal is in the early stages of construction. In addition, there is a cargo village and",
"psg_id": "7134230"
},
{
"title": "Athens International Airport",
"text": "Transavia France, TUIfly Belgium, Brussels Airlines, Aer Lingus, Air Transat and Scoot. Athens International Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Greece. By the end of 2017, it was the 27th busiest airport in Europe handling a total traffic of 21.74 million passengers. The table below shows passenger totals at Athens International Airport by country destination during 2017. A railway station is immediately adjacent to the airport terminal, accessible by an elevated walkway. Athens Metro line 3 and the suburban railway service Proastiakos run trains to and from this station. The airport is accessible by the Attiki Odos toll",
"psg_id": "593491"
},
{
"title": "Rafael Núñez International Airport",
"text": "Master Plan for airport development, improving air and for the construction of seven bridges of collision, extension and maintenance of the platform of the main runway and taxiways. Today, the Rafael Nunez International Airport is the fourth largest airport in the country, and one of the largest in the Caribbean region. Note: Rafael Núñez International Airport Rafael Núñez International Airport is an airport serving the Caribbean port city of Cartagena, Colombia. It is the largest airport in the country's northern Caribbean region in terms of passenger movement. It is located between the Caribbean coast and the Ciénaga de la Virgen",
"psg_id": "5800890"
},
{
"title": "Honiara International Airport",
"text": "Honiara International Airport Honiara International Airport , formerly known as Henderson Field, is an airport on Guadalcanal Island in the nation of Solomon Islands. It is the only international airport in the country and is located from the capital Honiara. In 1942 the airfield was under construction by the Imperial Japanese Navy when captured by American forces, who went on to complete it. Control of the airstrip was the focus of months of fighting in the Battle for Henderson Field during the Guadalcanal campaign of World War II. Henderson Field was named for Marine Major Lofton Henderson, commanding officer of",
"psg_id": "6959402"
},
{
"title": "Argyle International Airport",
"text": "into the country, the others being J. F. Mitchell Airport in Bequia, Canouan Airport, Mustique Airport and Union Island Airport all in the Grenadines. Argyle International Airport serves as a major gateway to the Grenadines, with several airlines operating an extensive network of direct domestic flights from AIA to all destinations in the Grenadines. The airport is the second solar-powered airport in the Caribbean, following V. C. Bird International Airport in Antigua. The approach and landing, from a southwesterly direction, offer the flying passengers a spectacular aerial view of the hills of Brighton, Diamond and Stubbs as well as Milligan",
"psg_id": "14206509"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30 to 45 metres width. The project cost 21 million euros. The airport was officially opened on 31 October 2007. The airport was originally",
"psg_id": "9025181"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "termination. Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km)",
"psg_id": "3274563"
},
{
"title": "Grand Forks International Airport",
"text": "Grand Forks International Airport Grand Forks International Airport is a public airport five miles (8 km) northwest of Grand Forks, in Grand Forks County, North Dakota. GFK has no scheduled passenger flights out of the country but has an \"international\" title (like many other airports) because it has customs service for arrivals from Canada and other countries. The airport, sometimes called Mark Andrews International Airport after Mark Andrews, a former U.S. House Representative and U.S. Senator from North Dakota, is owned by the Grand Forks Regional Airport Authority and located on U.S. Highway 2, around four miles (6 km) west",
"psg_id": "3274549"
},
{
"title": "Limón International Airport",
"text": "Limón International Airport Limón International Airport () in Limón, Costa Rica, is one of the four international airports in that country. It re-opened on Saturday, 1 July 2006 after being closed nearly 20 years for domestic flights. It is the primary airport serving the Caribbean side of Costa Rica. The Presidency Ministry announced in June 2011 that Sansa Airlines would begin regular scheduled flights four times a week to Limón Airport, beginning in July and costing ₡30,000–₡75,000 ($60–$150), to increase tourism to Limón Province. Puerto Limón and the southern Caribbean area towns of Cahuita, Puerto Viejo, Manzanillo and Gandoca, as",
"psg_id": "7649179"
},
{
"title": "Ahmad Yani International Airport",
"text": "Ahmad Yani International Airport General Ahmad Yani International Airport () , serves Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. The airport is named in honor of General Ahmad Yani, who is a National Hero of Indonesia. It is one of the fastest growing airports in the world by number of passengers. It became an international airport with the first flight of Garuda Indonesia to Singapore in August 2004. The airport is operated by PT Angkasa Pura I, a state enterprise of the Indonesian Ministry of Transport that manages airports in the eastern part of the country. The airport used to be a military",
"psg_id": "8293891"
},
{
"title": "Aristides Pereira International Airport",
"text": "named Rabil Airport, but on 19 November 2011 it was renamed as a tribute to the first president of Cape Verde, Aristides Pereira. Aristides Pereira International Airport Aristides Pereira International Airport (Portuguese Aeroporto Internacional Aristides Pereira) is an airport in Cape Verde located on the island of Boa Vista, about 5 km southeast of the island capital Sal Rei. It is the third-busiest airport in the country. The conversion of the existing airport of Rabil into an international airport started in 2005, and was completed in 2007. The runway was extended from 1,200 to 2,100 metres length and from 30",
"psg_id": "9025182"
},
{
"title": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport",
"text": "Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (, \"Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy\") () (), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country. It is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (more commonly known as \"MEA\"). It is also the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier Trans Mediterranean Airways (more commonly known as \"TMA Cargo\"), as well as Wings of Lebanon. It is the main port of entry into the country along with the Port of Beirut.",
"psg_id": "10778249"
},
{
"title": "Culiacán International Airport",
"text": "is handled by Grupo Aeroportuario Centro Norte. This airport used to be operated by Grupo Aeroportuario del Pacifico. Bachigualato Federal International Airport is named after the neighborhood of Bachigualato, where the airport is located. In favorable weather, flights from the Baja California peninsula and north arrive to runway 02, and flights from the rest of the country to runway 20. The state executive announced plans to expand the airport and the construction of a second runway to support Boeing 777 landings. The CIA (Culiacán International Airport) has two terminals. The Main Terminal is used for all commercial flights, domestic and",
"psg_id": "17405365"
},
{
"title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport",
"text": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built as \"Salisbury Airport\". Commissioned in 1956 and officially opened on 5 February 1957, Salisbury Airport cost £924,000 to build. According to the 1950 report of the Director of Civil Aviation, the city's original aerodrome, Belvedere Airport, had proved to be inadequate and had to",
"psg_id": "6304099"
},
{
"title": "Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport",
"text": "Zimbabwe has its head office on level 3 of the new International Terminal. In August 2018 Boeing Corporation announced that it in negotiations with Zimbabwean authorities to establish a regional hub for Boeing airplanes for providing training and expert technical services at the airport. Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport Robert Gabriel Mugabe International Airport , formerly known as the \"Harare International Airport\", is an international airport in Harare, Zimbabwe. It is the largest airport in the country and serves as the base of Air Zimbabwe. The airport is operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Zimbabwe. It was originally built",
"psg_id": "6304104"
},
{
"title": "Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport",
"text": "It is among the fastest growing airports in Mexico, the busiest in the Southwestern region and the 14th in the country. The airport reached the million-passenger milestone for the first time on November 28, 2015. Tuxtla Gutiérrez International Airport Ángel Albino Corzo International Airport (), also known as \"Tuxtla Gutierrez International Airport\", is an international airport serving the Mexican municipality of Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas. It handles air traffic for the city of Tuxtla Gutiérrez and central Chiapas, including the popular tourist destination of San Cristóbal de las Casas. It was inaugurated by President Vicente Fox and by the State's",
"psg_id": "10733506"
},
{
"title": "Lynden Pindling International Airport",
"text": "passengers to be processed by 2020, according to NAD. The airport contains US Border preclearance facilities allowing all US flights to operate as domestic flights upon arrival at their destination. In February 2015, the US Border Preclarence Facility installed 20 Automated Passenger Control (APC) self serve kiosks to improve the efficiency of passenger processing for US bound travelers. Lynden Pindling International Airport Lynden Pindling International Airport , formerly known as Nassau International Airport (1957-2006), is the largest airport in the Bahamas and the largest international gateway into the country. It is a major hub for Bahamasair, Western Air and SkyBahamas",
"psg_id": "4470413"
},
{
"title": "Southern Zone International Airport",
"text": "with a long runway capable of receive the Airbus A380, but this project has been recently rejected by the government because of the high cost and the environmental impact such an airport can cause. The project will have a total cost of US $42 millions and the environmental impact and other assessment studies are under way. When open, the airport will be the third largest in the country, after Juan Santamaría International Airport and Daniel Oduber International Airport Southern Zone International Airport Southern Zone International Airport () (this is a provisional name, as the project has not received a formal",
"psg_id": "16253588"
},
{
"title": "Princess Juliana International Airport",
"text": "Princess Juliana International Airport Princess Juliana International Airport is the main airport on the Caribbean island of Saint Martin. The airport is located on the Dutch side of the island, in the country of Sint Maarten. In 2015, the airport handled 1,829,543 passengers and around 60,000 aircraft movements. The airport serves as a hub for Windward Islands Airways and is the major gateway for the smaller Leeward Islands, including Anguilla, Saba, St. Barthélemy and St. Eustatius. It is named after Queen Juliana, who landed here while still only heir presumptive in 1944, the year after the airport opened. The airport",
"psg_id": "5053058"
}
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who was the defending champion when virginia wade won the wimbledon singles? | [
{
"title": "1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "illness. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Chris O'Neil. 1977 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Chris Evert was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Virginia Wade. Wade defeated Betty Stöve in the final, 4–6, 6–3, 6–1 in the final to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1977 Wimbledon Championships. As of 2017 Wade remains the last British woman to win a Wimbledon singles title. This was the first time Wimbledon seeded more than 8 players for the ladies' championship, increasing the number (for this year only) to twelve players. The number increased",
"psg_id": "10151356"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Virginia Wade",
"text": "Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from Great Britain. She won three Grand Slam singles championships and four Grand Slam doubles championships, and is the only British woman in history to have won titles at all four Grand Slam tournaments. She was ranked as high as No. 2 in the world in singles, and No. 1 in the world in doubles. Three times a Grand Slam singles champion, her most famous success was winning Wimbledon on 1 July 1977, the tournament's centenary year, and the year of the Silver Jubilee of",
"psg_id": "1503006"
},
{
"title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon when she defeated reigning French Open champion Jeļena",
"psg_id": "20199650"
},
{
"title": "Virginia Wade",
"text": "years. She retired from singles competition at the end of the 1985 tennis season, and then from doubles at the end of 1986. In 1983, at the age of 37, she won the Italian Open women's doubles championship, along with her teammate Virginia Ruzici of Romania. The 26 times that Wade played at Wimbledon is an all-time record, 24 of those times being in the women's singles. Since 1981, while she was still playing, Wade has been a reporter on tennis events for the BBC. In 1982, she became the first woman to be elected to the Wimbledon Committee. Wade",
"psg_id": "1503012"
},
{
"title": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams defeated her sister, the two-time defending champion Venus Williams, in the final, 7–6, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships. This was Serena's third Wimbledon singles title and eleventh Grand Slam singles title overall. It was also the third time she had won a Grand Slam title after saving a match point against her, in the semifinals against Elena Dementieva. Venus Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992",
"psg_id": "13482491"
},
{
"title": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit of the defending champion at Wimbledon since Steffi Graf's first round defeat in 1994. Angelique Kerber won her third Grand Slam singles title, defeating Serena Williams in the rematch of the 2016 final, 6–3, 6–3. Kerber became the first German since Graf in 1996 to lift the trophy. Simona Halep, Caroline Wozniacki and Sloane Stephens were in contention for the WTA No. 1 singles ranking at the start of the",
"psg_id": "20458626"
},
{
"title": "2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2003 Wimbledon Championships. It was Federer's first Grand Slam tournament win, and the",
"psg_id": "7110415"
},
{
"title": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "Muguruza became the first Spanish woman to make the Wimbledon final since Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in 1996. Muguruza won the title two years later. This tournament is notable for being the first grand slam main draw appearance of 2017 French Open champion Jeļena Ostapenko. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her",
"psg_id": "18836324"
},
{
"title": "2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "was replaced by the next highest non-seeded player Radek Štěpánek, who became the #35 seed. 2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but he lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result of this loss, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6, 6–2, 7–6 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title",
"psg_id": "7110417"
},
{
"title": "2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2011 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic defeated the defending champion Rafael Nadal in the final, 6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first Wimbledon and third Grand Slam title, having previously won the 2008 and 2011 Australian Open. In losing to Djokovic in the final, Nadal ended his 20-match Wimbledon winning streak dating back to 2008, having missed the 2009 championships due to injury. This was also the first time since 2002 that neither Roger Federer nor Nadal had won Wimbledon. Both Nadal and Djokovic were",
"psg_id": "15680051"
},
{
"title": "2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "of a Grand Slam after Jerzy Janowicz defeated countryman Łukasz Kubot in the quarterfinals. Andy Murray defeated Novak Djokovic in the final in straight sets, 6–4, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, becoming the first British man to win the Wimbledon singles title since Fred Perry in 1936, ending a 76-year drought, as well as the first British winner in singles since Virginia Wade won the women's event in 1977. He was also the first Scot to win the Wimbledon title since Harold Mahony in 1896. Djokovic had advanced to the final",
"psg_id": "16711082"
},
{
"title": "1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "Smith \"(Semifinals)\" 1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus",
"psg_id": "10148542"
},
{
"title": "1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1966 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Margaret Smith was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Billie Jean King. King defeated Maria Bueno in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1966 Wimbledon Championships. The second round match in which Gail Sherriff beat her sister Carol was the second match between sisters in the ladies' singles draw at Wimbledon, the first being in the 1884 Wimbledon Championships when Maud Watson beat Lillian. The next Wimbledon match between sisters in the singles draw was in 2000 between Serena and Venus Williams. Margaret",
"psg_id": "10148541"
},
{
"title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "reached the fourth round before losing to Halep. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but did not participate this year due to . Garbiñe Muguruza won her second Grand Slam singles title, defeating Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–0. Muguruza became the second Spanish woman to win Wimbledon after Conchita Martínez in 1994. Muguruza also became the first player to defeat both Williams sisters in Grand Slam singles finals. Williams was the oldest player to reach the final since Martina Navratilova, also in 1994, and played her 100th singles match at Wimbledon",
"psg_id": "20199653"
},
{
"title": "2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "at age 47, the oldest player in the Open Era to win a main draw match at Wimbledon. Serena Williams \"(Final)\" 2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \"the most stunning upset in memory\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who",
"psg_id": "7100152"
},
{
"title": "2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "Gulbis withdrew due to a muscle tear in his right thigh. He was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Philipp Petzschner, who became the #33 seed. 2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all",
"psg_id": "14670138"
},
{
"title": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating her sister Serena Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. This was Venus's fifth Wimbledon title and her seventh Grand Slam singles title overall. This was also the second time she won a Grand Slam tournament without losing a set. The top four seeds, Ana Ivanovic, Jelena Janković, Maria Sharapova and Svetlana Kuznetsova were in contention for the WTA No. 1 ranking. Ivanovic retained the top ranking despite losing in the",
"psg_id": "12084337"
},
{
"title": "1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1998 Wimbledon Championships. This was Novotná's first win in a Wimbledon final on her third attempt. This would be the last time a Czech player would win Wimbledon (or win a Grand Slam title) until Petra Kvitová won in 2011. The 1998 final was the first time in the Open Era since the 1980",
"psg_id": "10151839"
},
{
"title": "2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and last Grand Slam title, having won the Australian Open earlier in the year. Mauresmo also became the",
"psg_id": "8128431"
},
{
"title": "1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th seed Thomas Muster in the draw, when Muster withdrew shortly before the start of the tournament. A number of high-seeded men were eliminated early, including 1992 champion Andre Agassi",
"psg_id": "7111589"
},
{
"title": "2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. Williams, ranked 31st at the time and seeded 23rd, remains the lowest ranked and lowest seeded woman ever to win Wimbledon. This was Williams' fourth Wimbledon singles title and she also became the first female champion to earn the same prize money as the male champion, following the tournament's decision to award equal pay for the",
"psg_id": "10377957"
},
{
"title": "1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "the Calendar Grand Slam in the Open Era. Margaret Court (Champion) 1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam",
"psg_id": "10151338"
},
{
"title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No. 1 singles ranking at the end of the tournament, as Rafael Nadal, Stan Wawrinka, and Novak Djokovic all failed to gain enough ranking points to surpass him. Roger Federer won the title, achieving his unprecedented eighth Wimbledon Gentleman's Singles Title and 19th Grand Slam men's singles title, defeating Marin Čilić in the final, 6–3, 6–1, 6–4. Federer thus became the only player to win the Gentleman's singles title",
"psg_id": "20199632"
},
{
"title": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final",
"text": "sustain the challenge. In the end, Djokovic won in 4 sets. 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players",
"psg_id": "18898944"
},
{
"title": "2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2010 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion, but was defeated in the quarterfinals by Tomáš Berdych. This was the first time since 2002 that Federer did not make the Wimbledon men's singles final, and the second successive Grand Slam tournament that Federer was defeated at the quarterfinal stage, having previously been on a record run of 23 successive Grand Slam semifinals (of which he won all but three). Federer's loss, along those with Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Roddick were out at the fourth round, ensured that will have a first time Wimbledon finalist from the",
"psg_id": "14670135"
},
{
"title": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but was defeated by Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, becoming the oldest woman to win a major singles title in the Open Era. By defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza, Serena also achieved her second non-calendar year Grand Slam after winning the 2014 US Open, 2015 Australian Open and 2015 French Open and she also became the first player since Steffi Graf in 1988 to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon all in the same calendar year.",
"psg_id": "18836323"
},
{
"title": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the second set. Graf then came back winning 12 of the next 13 games and the match. Steffi Graf (Champion)",
"psg_id": "10151412"
},
{
"title": "2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2004 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova defeated the two-time defending champion Serena Williams in the final, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2004 Wimbledon Championships. This victory was hailed by the media as \"the most stunning upset in memory\". Serena Williams was attempting to become the first player to win the women's singles tournament three consecutive times since Steffi Graf was champion in 1991, 1992 and 1993. With this win, Sharapova, who was to become a future world No. 1, entered the top ten for the first time in her career. She also",
"psg_id": "7100150"
},
{
"title": "The Championships, Wimbledon",
"text": "with the other three \"Major or Grand Slam\" events, Wimbledon was contested by top-ranked amateur players, professional players were prohibited from participating. This changed with the advent of the open era in 1968. No British man won the singles event at Wimbledon between Fred Perry in 1936 and Andy Murray in 2013, while no British woman has won since Virginia Wade in 1977, although Annabel Croft and Laura Robson won the Girls' Championship in 1984 and 2008 respectively. The Championship was first televised in 1937. Though properly called \"The Championships, Wimbledon\", depending on sources the event is also known as",
"psg_id": "906201"
},
{
"title": "1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest ever Wimbledon semi-final at four hours and one minute long. It would not be until the 2013 championships that this record would be broken, when the semi-final match between Novak Djokovic and Juan Martín del Potro would last four hours and forty-three minutes. John McEnroe reached the semi-finals, his best showing in",
"psg_id": "7123705"
},
{
"title": "1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while it marked Sánchez Vicario's last appearance in the ladies' Wimbledon final. Steffi Graf (Champion) Chanda Rubin withdrew due to",
"psg_id": "10151837"
},
{
"title": "1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles title, as well as the youngest ever male Grand Slam singles champion at . This latter",
"psg_id": "7123577"
},
{
"title": "1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "injury. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Karina Habšudová, who became the #17 seed. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating Arantxa Sánchez Vicario in the final, 6–3, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships, giving Graf the seventh Wimbledon title of her career. It was the second consecutive major final between the two women, with Graf also winning the French Open crown a month earlier. With this victory, Graf captured her seventh and final Wimbledon crown, while",
"psg_id": "10151838"
},
{
"title": "2010 Wimbledon Championships",
"text": "of 2010. Queen Elizabeth II visited Wimbledon on Thursday 24 June, her first visit to the annual tennis tournament in 33 years. The last time the Queen had attended the championships was in 1977, when she watched British player Virginia Wade win the ladies' singles title. Arriving shortly after 11am, the Queen's visit included a tour of the grounds and an observation session of the All England Club's Wimbledon Junior Tennis Initiative on Court 14, before moving to the Members' Lawn where she greeted a line-up of players: the defending champions in singles Serena Williams and Roger Federer, multiple-time Wimbledon",
"psg_id": "13550300"
},
{
"title": "1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the victory, Graf captured her third Wimbledon Singles Championship, while it proved to be Sabatini's third and final appearance in a Grand Slam final. Steffi Graf (Champion) The original #1",
"psg_id": "10151820"
},
{
"title": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and successfully defended his title by beating Roger Federer in a rematch of the 2014 final, 7–6, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3. The title was Djokovic's third at Wimbledon and ninth Grand Slam singles title overall, as well as his second major win of the year. Federer was vying to become the first man to win Wimbledon eight times. Federer became the first male player in the Open Era to reach 10 finals at a single Grand Slam. 2002 champion Lleyton Hewitt played in his final Wimbledon appearance, losing to",
"psg_id": "18833776"
},
{
"title": "2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "She reached the fourth round as a wildcard before being defeated by Kim Clijsters. Amélie Mauresmo (Champion) 2006 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, but lost in the third round to Jelena Janković. With Serena Williams not competing due to a knee injury, it marked the first Wimbledon women's final since 1999 not to feature either of the Williams sisters. Amélie Mauresmo defeated Justine Henin-Hardenne in the final, 2–6, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2006 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first (and only) Wimbledon title and her second and",
"psg_id": "8128433"
},
{
"title": "1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1970 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Ann Jones was the defending champion, but she did not defend her title as she had retired from Grand Slam singles competition. Margaret Court won the title, defeating Billie Jean King in the final, 14–12, 11–9. This was Court's third Wimbledon title, her third Grand Slam of the year, her fourth consecutive Grand Slam title and her nineteenth Grand Slam overall. Court became the first woman to complete the Career Grand Slam in the Open Era. She would win the remaining Grand Slam of the year, thus also becoming the first woman to complete",
"psg_id": "10151337"
},
{
"title": "1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "last appearance in a Grand Slam singles final. Navratilova became the oldest player to reach a Grand Slam singles final, at 37 years, 8 months and 14 days old. It was also Navratilova's 12th appearance in the Wimbledon singles final, an Open Era record. Steffi Graf \"(First round)\" Mary Pierce withdrew due to personal reasons. She was replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Helena Suková, who became the #17 seed. 1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one",
"psg_id": "10151830"
},
{
"title": "2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated compatriot and world No. 1 Lindsay Davenport in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 9–7 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2005 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest Wimbledon women's championship match in history, lasting two hours and 45 minutes. She became the first woman since Helen Wills in 1935 and the 1st in the open era to win the Wimbledon title after saving a match point against her. This was Venus's third Wimbledon singles title,",
"psg_id": "5956856"
},
{
"title": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "Claudia Kohde-Kilsch withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Shaun Stafford. 1988 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles First-seeded Steffi Graf defeated the record six-time defending champion Martina Navratilova in the final, 5–7, 6–2, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. This was Graf's third step towards completing the first, and so far only Calendar Year Golden Slam. After Graf took a 5-3 lead in the first set, Navratilova won six straight games allowing her to win the first set and take a 2-0 lead in the",
"psg_id": "10151413"
},
{
"title": "2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2016 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the two-time defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated in the third round by the No. 28 seed Sam Querrey. This was his first defeat before the quarterfinals of a major tournament since the 2009 French Open, a streak of 28 quarterfinal appearances in a row. The defeat also broke his streak of four consecutive major tournament victories, dating back to the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. Andy Murray won his third major and second Wimbledon title defeating Milos Raonic in the final, 6–4, 7–6, 7–6. Raonic became the first Canadian male",
"psg_id": "19554504"
},
{
"title": "2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2012 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Petra Kvitová was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Serena Williams. Serena Williams defeated Agnieszka Radwańska in the final, 6–1, 5–7, 6–2 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. Yaroslava Shvedova became the first player in the Open Era to win a 'golden set' at Wimbledon, winning the first set of her 6–0, 6–4 victory over 2012 French Open runner-up Sara Errani in the third round without dropping a single point. Sabine Lisicki defeated the reigning French Open champion for her third straight Wimbledon. She defeated",
"psg_id": "16595528"
},
{
"title": "2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "came from Europe. Caroline Wozniacki \"(Fourth round)\" 2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the",
"psg_id": "15680084"
},
{
"title": "2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2011 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion, but she was defeated in the fourth round by 2007 finalist, Marion Bartoli. Petra Kvitová defeated 2004 champion Maria Sharapova in the final, 6–3, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2011 Wimbledon Championships. It was her first Grand Slam final and title of her career. She became the first Czech woman to win the title since Jana Novotná in 1998 and the first female left-handed player to win Wimbledon since Martina Navratilova in 1990. For the first time since 1913, all eight quarterfinalists",
"psg_id": "15680083"
},
{
"title": "2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2013 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion, but lost to Sabine Lisicki in the fourth round, ending a 34-match winning streak dating back to the Miami Open. This was the fourth time in a row that Lisicki had defeated the reigning French Open champion at Wimbledon, comprising wins over Svetlana Kuznetsova in 2009, Li Na in 2011, Maria Sharapova in 2012, and Williams in 2013 (Lisicki did not play Wimbledon in 2010). 2007 finalist Marion Bartoli defeated Lisicki in the final in straight sets, 6–1, 6–4 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the",
"psg_id": "16711124"
},
{
"title": "2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "in the first round by Croatian qualifier Mario Ančić, his last defeat at Wimbledon before his record-tying five straight Wimbledon-titles between 2003-07. The 1996 champion Richard Krajicek also made his final appearance at Wimbledon, reaching the quarterfinals before losing to Xavier Malisse of Belgium. Lleyton Hewitt (Champion) The original #5 seed Tommy Haas withdrew due to personal reasons before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 6-32 moved up one place, and a new #32 seed was added. 2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World",
"psg_id": "7110228"
},
{
"title": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After",
"psg_id": "7123702"
},
{
"title": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "1988 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pat Cash was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Boris Becker. Stefan Edberg defeated Becker in the final, 4–6, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1988 Wimbledon Championships. Australian Open and French Open champion Mats Wilander came into the tournament on course to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year, and attempted to become the first man to win Australian Open, French Open and Wimbledon titles since Rod Laver in 1969. After",
"psg_id": "7123700"
},
{
"title": "2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "Djokovic replaced Nadal as the World No. 1, taking the top position for the first time since October 2013. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the",
"psg_id": "17968744"
},
{
"title": "1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "Mary Joe Fernández withdrew due to a knee injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Anna Ivan. 1990 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Zina Garrison. This was the first time since the 1986 US Open that Graf did not reach a Grand Slam final, ending a record of 13 consecutive major finals. Martina Navratilova defeated Garrison in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1990 Wimbledon Championships. This was Navratilova's ninth singles title at Wimbledon, which would be her",
"psg_id": "8118832"
},
{
"title": "1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded player Anna Kournikova, who became the #17 seed. 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129",
"psg_id": "7090776"
},
{
"title": "1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "that he was seeded throughout and this is reflected in the final issue of the programme. He was indeed replaced by lucky loser Anders Järryd in the main draw. 1996 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was the three-time defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Richard Krajicek, in his only loss at Wimbledon between 1993 and 2000. Krajicek defeated MaliVai Washington in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1996 Wimbledon Championships. Krajicek had originally been unseeded, but as the 17th ranked player in the Wimbledon seedings he replaced 7th",
"psg_id": "7111591"
},
{
"title": "2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "first time that year. Bartoli reached her first Grand Slam final after a semifinal victory over world No. 1 Justine Henin that was described as one of the biggest shocks in Wimbledon history. Though she lost the final, she would eventually win the Wimbledon title six years later in her final Grand Slam tournament. Justine Henin \"(Semifinals)\" 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo was the defending champion, but was defeated by Nicole Vaidišová in the fourth round. Venus Williams defeated Marion Bartoli in the final, 6–4, 6–1 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 2007 Wimbledon",
"psg_id": "10377958"
},
{
"title": "2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Roger Federer. Federer defeated Andy Murray in the final, 4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4, to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2012 Wimbledon Championships. It was his seventh Wimbledon title and seventeenth Grand Slam title. With the win, Federer also regained the world No. 1 ranking. Federer thus equalled both William Renshaw and Pete Sampras' record of seven Wimbledon titles, as well as Sampras' record of 286 weeks as world No. 1; Federer broke the latter record on 16 July 2012.",
"psg_id": "16595276"
},
{
"title": "2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1994 Wimbledon Championships. 2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets.",
"psg_id": "19554509"
},
{
"title": "1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "record would eventually be broken by Michael Chang at the 1989 French Open. John McEnroe \"(Quarterfinals)\" 1985 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles John McEnroe was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Curren. Curren also defeated Jimmy Connors in the semifinal and became the first player ever to defeat both Connors and McEnroe in the same Grand Slam tournament. Boris Becker defeated Curren in the final, 6–3, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1985 Wimbledon Championships. Becker became the first unseeded player and the first German to win the Wimbledon singles",
"psg_id": "7123578"
},
{
"title": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "third round to Zheng Jie. Janković, Sharapova and Kuznetsova also lost in the first four rounds, it marked the first time in Wimbledon history that none of the top four women's seeds had advanced to at least the quarterfinals. Zheng's feat of reaching the semifinals made her the first Chinese player of either sex to reach a Grand Slam singles semifinal, and the first wild card ever to reach the semifinals of the women's singles event at Wimbledon. Ana Ivanovic \"(Third round)\" 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Venus Williams was the defending champion, and successfully defended her title, defeating",
"psg_id": "12084338"
},
{
"title": "2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "fifth Grand Slam singles title overall, and her first since the 2001 US Open. The first week of the tournament was headlined by two major upsets – Justine Henin-Hardenne's first round defeat marked the first time in the Open Era the reigning French Open champion had lost their opening match at Wimbledon, while Serena Williams's loss in the third round was her earliest exit at any Grand Slam tournament since the 1999 French Open. Lindsay Davenport \"(Final)\" 2005 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Maria Sharapova was the defending champion, but lost to Venus Williams in the semifinals. Venus Williams defeated",
"psg_id": "5956857"
},
{
"title": "2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final",
"text": "of all time. Nadal would also beat Federer in five sets at the 2009 Australian Open, and Federer would beat Nadal in five sets in the final of the 2017 Australian Open. Due to construction of a new retractable roof, this was the only Wimbledon final played without the upper facade which had been removed. 2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger",
"psg_id": "17545258"
},
{
"title": "1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The final match included a tie-breaker played at 8–8 in the second set; the first ever Wimbledon singles",
"psg_id": "9951443"
},
{
"title": "2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2014 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, but was defeated by Grigor Dimitrov in the quarterfinals. Novak Djokovic defeated Roger Federer in the final in five sets, 6–7, 6–4, 7–6, 5–7, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2014 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second Wimbledon and seventh Grand Slam title; it was also his first win at a major since the 2013 Australian Open. 19-year-old Nick Kyrgios became the first player to reach the quarterfinals on his Wimbledon debut since Florian Mayer in 2004. Kyrgios also became the lowest-ranked player to",
"psg_id": "17968742"
},
{
"title": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final",
"text": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2015 Wimbledon Championships Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2015 Wimbledon Championships. A significant part of the Djokovic–Federer rivalry, it pitted defending champion Novak Djokovic and Roger Federer against each other in a Grand Slam final for the third time, a rematch of the Wimbledon final a year earlier in which Djokovic defeated Federer in five sets. Before the match, Federer led the head-to-head 20 matches to 19, with the two players tied one to one on grass and one to one in",
"psg_id": "18898940"
},
{
"title": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "last time where an American male player reached the semifinals of a Grand Slam until Sam Querrey reached the semifinals of the 2017 Wimbledon Championships eight years later. Rafael Nadal \"(Withdrew)\" 2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of",
"psg_id": "13482483"
},
{
"title": "1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "a Grand Slam tournament since the 1985 US Open final. The tournament also featured the first appearances of future champions Pete Sampras and Michael Stich in the main draw. Mats Wilander was about to complete the career Grand Slam in his career and losing to McEnroe in the quarterfinals. Ivan Lendl \"(Semifinals)\" 1989 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Boris Becker defeated the defending champion Stefan Edberg in the final, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1989 Wimbledon Championships. The semi-final match between Ivan Lendl and eventual champion Becker became at the time the longest",
"psg_id": "7123706"
},
{
"title": "2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final",
"text": "2007 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final The 2007 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the championship tennis match of the Men's Singles tournament at the 2007 Wimbledon Championships. A part of the storied Federer–Nadal rivalry, it pitted the world No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer against the world No. 2 Rafael Nadal. After 3 hours and 45 minutes, Federer defeated Nadal 7–6, 4–6, 7–6, 2–6, 6–2. Upon its conclusion it was almost universally praised as the greatest Wimbledon final since Borg–McEnroe in 1980. Roger Federer and Rafael Nadal have a storied rivalry that many consider to be the greatest",
"psg_id": "17545252"
},
{
"title": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "tournament. Halep retained the No. 1 ranking after Wozniacki and Stephens lost in the second and first rounds, respectively. With all top ten seeds losing before the quarterfinals, it was the worst overall Wimbledon performance of the top ten women's seeds in the Open Era. This was also the first time in the Open Era that none of the top four women's singles seeds reached the fourth round at Wimbledon. 2018 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Garbiñe Muguruza was the defending champion, but she was defeated in the second round by Alison Van Uytvanck. Muguruza's defeat marked the earliest exit",
"psg_id": "20458627"
},
{
"title": "2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "2016 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Serena Williams was the defending champion and successfully defended her title, defeating Angelique Kerber in the final, 7–5, 6–3. By winning her seventh Wimbledon title, Williams equaled Steffi Graf's Open Era record of 22 major singles titles. This was also the first time two women contested two major finals against one another in a single season since Amélie Mauresmo and Justine Henin-Hardenne met in the 2006 Australian Open and Wimbledon finals. The two faced each other again in the final two years later, with Kerber winning the title in straight sets. In addition to",
"psg_id": "19554507"
},
{
"title": "2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "Greg Rusedski, Vince Spadea ended his \"historic\" losing streak of 21 matches, the longest such streak in open era. Pete Sampras (Champion) 2000 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title for the fourth consecutive year, defeating Pat Rafter in the final, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2000 Wimbledon Championships. Sampras' 7th Wimbledon title equalled William Renshaw's record, and was an Open Era record in the Gentleman's Singles until 2017, when Roger Federer won his 8th title. His victory was his 13th Grand Slam title, surpassing Roy Emerson as",
"psg_id": "7089065"
},
{
"title": "Virginia Wade",
"text": "Queen Elizabeth II (the Queen attended Wimbledon for the first time since 1962 to watch the final). Wade was the last British tennis player to have won a Grand Slam singles tournament until Andy Murray won the US Open in 2012. She remains the most recent British woman to have won a Grand Slam singles title. After retiring from competitive tennis, she coached for four years and has also worked as a tennis commentator and game analyst for the BBC and Eurosport. On 10 July 1945, Wade was born in Bournemouth, England. Her father was the Archdeacon of Durban. At",
"psg_id": "1503007"
},
{
"title": "1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1994 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Steffi Graf was the three-time defending champion but lost in the first round to Lori McNeil, ending her streak of thirty-one consecutive quarter-final appearances dating back to the 1985 US Open. This also marked the first time in the Open Era that a Grand Slam defending champion had lost in the first round. The defending Grand Slam champion would not lose in the first round until the 2003 Australian Open. Conchita Martínez defeated Martina Navratilova in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 to win the title. It was Martínez's only Grand Slam title, and Navratilova's",
"psg_id": "10151829"
},
{
"title": "1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "final to include a tie-break. Ilie Năstase \"(Fourth round)\" The original seeding list before the boycott was: 1973 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles 81 of the top Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) players, including defending champion Stan Smith, boycotted the Wimbledon Championships in 1973 in protest against the suspension of Nikola Pilić by the Yugoslav Tennis Association, supported by the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF). This resulted in a large number of qualifiers and lucky losers. Jan Kodeš defeated Alex Metreveli in the final, 6–1, 9–8, 6–3 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1973 Wimbledon Championships. The",
"psg_id": "9951444"
},
{
"title": "1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "competed. Jim Courier \"(Third round)\" 1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the",
"psg_id": "7124882"
},
{
"title": "1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "1992 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Michael Stich was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Pete Sampras. Andre Agassi defeated Goran Ivanišević in the final, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1992 Wimbledon Championships. This was Agassi's first Grand Slam tournament title and the first step towards completing an eventual career Grand Slam, although his only subsequent Wimbledon final was in 1999. Jim Courier was attempting to become the first man to win Grand Slam titles on hard court, clay and grass in the same calendar year after winning",
"psg_id": "7124880"
},
{
"title": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "Bozoljac. 2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \"(Final)\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser",
"psg_id": "12080204"
},
{
"title": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal defeated the five-time defending champion Roger Federer in the final, 6–4, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 9–7 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2008 Wimbledon Championships. It was the longest championship match in Wimbledon history with play lasting four hours and 48 minutes, and with two rain delays. The event stretched over seven hours ending just before nightfall, and is widely considered to be the greatest match in tennis history. Roger Federer \"(Final)\" Gaël Monfils withdrew due to a shoulder injury. He was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Ilija",
"psg_id": "12080203"
},
{
"title": "1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "day later to Agassi, who in addition to his run to the Wimbledon Final, had recently won the 1999 French Open. This tournament is also notable as being the last Grand Slam in which former World No. 1 Boris Becker would compete and the first Wimbledon appearances for future champions Lleyton Hewitt and Roger Federer. Pete Sampras (Champion) 1999 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras successfully defended his title, defeating Andre Agassi in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. With this win, his sixth at Wimbledon, Sampras broke",
"psg_id": "7088702"
},
{
"title": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2009 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Rafael Nadal was the defending champion, but withdrew from the tournament due to knee tendinitis. In a repeat of the 2004 and 2005 finals, Roger Federer defeated Andy Roddick in the final, 5–7, 7–6, 7–6, 3–6, 16–14 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships for the sixth time. It became the longest men's singles final (in terms of games played) in Grand Slam tournament history with 77 games, breaking the record of 71 games set at the 1927 Australian Open. The match also had the longest fifth set (16–14)",
"psg_id": "13482481"
},
{
"title": "1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "seed Monica Seles withdrew due to injury before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 2-15 moved up one place, and a new #16 seed was added. 1991 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Navratilova was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Jennifer Capriati. Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini in the final, 6–4, 3–6, 8–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1991 Wimbledon Championships. After splitting the first two sets, Sabatini served twice for the title, and was two points away from her second Grand Slam win before Graf rallied. With the",
"psg_id": "10151821"
},
{
"title": "2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "Levy, who became the #33 and #34 seeds respectively. 2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the",
"psg_id": "7107793"
},
{
"title": "2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to having shoulder surgery. World No. 1 Lleyton Hewitt defeated David Nalbandian in the final, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 to win the Gentlemen's Singles tennis title at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships. It was Hewitt's second Grand Slam title, after winning the 2001 US Open. Hewitt was also the first Australian to win the title since Pat Cash in 1987. The 2002 Championships made history due to the unprecedentedly poor results of the top players. With the exception of Lleyton Hewitt and world no. 4 Tim Henman,",
"psg_id": "7110226"
},
{
"title": "1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "Australian Open, none of the Grand Slam finalists were former Grand Slam Champions. The next time that none of the Grand Slam champions would feature in a Wimbledon final would not come until 2013. Martina Hingis \"(Semifinals)\" Anna Kournikova withdrew due to a thumb injury. She was replaced in the draw by Lucky Loser Lilia Osterloh. 1998 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Martina Hingis was the defending champion but lost in the semifinals to Jana Novotná, in a rematch of the previous year's final. Novotná defeated Nathalie Tauziat in the final, 6–4, 7–6 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title",
"psg_id": "10151840"
},
{
"title": "1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles",
"text": "1999 Wimbledon Championships – Women's Singles Jana Novotná was the defending champion but lost in the quarterfinals to Lindsay Davenport. Davenport defeated Steffi Graf in the final, 6–4, 7–5 to win the Ladies' Singles tennis title at the 1999 Wimbledon Championships. This was to be the final Grand Slam tournament in which Graf would appear. This tournament saw a number of surprises, including a first round defeat of World No. 1 and first seed Martina Hingis at the hands of Australian qualifier and World No. 129 Jelena Dokic; prior to this event, Hingis had reached the semifinals of every Grand",
"psg_id": "7090774"
},
{
"title": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2018 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion and top seed, but lost in the quarterfinals to Kevin Anderson despite leading by two sets to love and having a match point in the third set. Novak Djokovic claimed his fourth Wimbledon title, defeating Anderson in the final 6–2, 6–2, 7–6. The win moved him to 13 grand slam titles, and outright fourth place on the all time men's singles grand slam wins list, passing Roy Emerson. The win was also Djokovic's first title on the ATP tour for over 12 months, his last win coming at",
"psg_id": "20458621"
},
{
"title": "2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "In reaching the final, Andy Murray became the first British man to make it to the final since Don Budge defeated Bunny Austin in 1938. The championships was also notable for one of the biggest upsets in recent years as World No. 100 Lukáš Rosol beat World No. 2 and two-time Wimbledon champion Rafael Nadal in the second round, 6–7, 6–4, 6–4, 2–6, 6–4. The loss ended Nadal's season as he did not play tennis again until February 2013 at the Chile Open. Novak Djokovic \"(Semifinals)\" 2012 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, but lost",
"psg_id": "16595277"
},
{
"title": "2008 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles final",
"text": "Wimbledon Championships, the two men had combined to win 14 of the previous 16 Grand Slam titles. The 2008 Wimbledon Men's Singles final was the third consecutive year in which Federer and Nadal had met in the finals of Wimbledon. Federer had won not only both previous meetings, but had also been the Wimbledon champion five years in a row and was now trying to become champion for a sixth consecutive year. Nadal, on the other hand, had just won the French Open for the fourth time in a row and was trying to achieve the rare French Open-Wimbledon double.",
"psg_id": "14681794"
},
{
"title": "2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Pete Sampras was a record seven-time (and four-time defending) champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two tennis legends ever competed against each other in any ATP event as active tour players. This was the first Grand Slam tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was also attempting to equal Björn Borg's 5 consecutive Wimbledon titles. Goran Ivanišević defeated Pat Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the Wimbledon title. Ivanišević became the first unseeded player to",
"psg_id": "7107791"
},
{
"title": "Virginia Wade",
"text": "was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 1986 Birthday Honours for services to Lawn Tennis. In 1989, Wade was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in Newport, Rhode Island. Wade now lives in the USA although keeps a cottage and the family home in Kent. (Source: WTA) SR = the ratio of the number of singles tournaments won to the number played. Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. Virginia Wade Sarah Virginia Wade, (born 10 July 1945) is a former professional tennis player from",
"psg_id": "1503013"
},
{
"title": "2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "the second time to beat a world No 1 player, the first was Djokovic at the 2016 Wimbledon Championships. For the first time since the 2005 Australian Open, David Ferrer was not seeded at a Grand Slam and the first time since the 2004 US Open that fellow Spaniard Guillermo García López did not play at a Grand Slam, ending his streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. 2017 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Andy Murray was the defending champion, and top seed, but was defeated by Sam Querrey in the quarterfinals. Despite his loss, Murray retained the ATP No.",
"psg_id": "20199635"
},
{
"title": "2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "Steve Darcis (135th) in 2013, and Nick Kyrgios (144th) in 2014. This was the first major since the 2002 US Open where Spaniard David Ferrer (world number eight) did not participate in as he withdrew with an elbow injury that occurred in the lead up tournament at the 2015 Queen's Club Championships. This ended Ferrer's streak of 50 consecutive Grand Slam appearances. This is also the first Grand Slam main draw appearance for future three-time Masters 1000 champion and world number 3 Alexander Zverev. Novak Djokovic (Champion) 2015 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Novak Djokovic was the defending champion, and",
"psg_id": "18833778"
},
{
"title": "2015 Wimbledon Championships",
"text": "held one week later than in previous seasons, giving a three-week gap from the end of the 2015 French Open. The change, announced in 2012, is intended to provide players more time for recuperation and preparatory grass-court tournaments. Novak Djokovic of Serbia won his third Wimbledon title in men's singles, defending his championship from 2014. Petra Kvitová of the Czech Republic was the defending champion in women's singles, but she lost to Jelena Janković in the third round. Serena Williams won her sixth Wimbledon and 21st major title, defeating first-time finalist Garbiñe Muguruza in the final, 6–4, 6–4. She also",
"psg_id": "18244029"
},
{
"title": "2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles",
"text": "after an epic and gruelling five-set semifinal against Juan Martín del Potro. At 4 hours and 43 minutes this match made history as the longest semifinal ever contested at Wimbledon, breaking the previous record set by Boris Becker and Ivan Lendl at the 1989 Championships. Novak Djokovic \"(Final)\" 2013 Wimbledon Championships – Men's Singles Roger Federer was the defending champion but he lost in the second round in a huge upset to World No. 116 Sergiy Stakhovsky from Ukraine. Stakhovsky was unable to build on his effort and lost in the next round in 4 sets to Jürgen Melzer. Federer's",
"psg_id": "16711083"
}
] | [
"chrissie evert",
"chris evert-lloyd",
"christine marie evert",
"chris evert",
"chris evert lloyd",
"christine marie %22chris%22 evert",
"christine evert",
"christine m. evert"
] |
who is the youngest female tennis player to win the us open? | [
{
"title": "2010 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "on their team's order of finish. The invitees for this year's event included a host of past US Open champions, including sixteen-time US Open champion Martina Navratilova, two-time women's singles champion Tracy Austin (1979, 1981) and 1988 men's singles champion Mats Wilander, as well as the Champion Invitational's first \"Hall of Fame team\": 2010 International Tennis Hall of Fame inductees Gigi Fernández and Natasha Zvereva, who teamed to win three US Open women's doubles titles, and Todd Woodbridge and Mark Woodforde, collectively known as The Woodies, who won back-to-back men's doubles championships in 1995 and 1996. Also scheduled to compete",
"psg_id": "13823714"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "2016 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique Kerber defeated Karolína Plíšková in the women's singles to become the first German player to win the tournament since Steffi Graf in 1996. 2015 women's singles champion Flavia Pennetta did not defend her title as she had retired",
"psg_id": "19618778"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "US$25,000 each. Beginning in 1975, the tournament was played on clay courts instead of grass, and floodlights allowed matches to be played at night. In 1978, the tournament moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the larger and newly constructed USTA National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, Queens, three miles to the north. The tournament's court surface also switched from clay to hard. Jimmy Connors is the only individual to have won US Open singles titles on three surfaces (grass, clay, and hard), while Chris Evert is the only woman to win US Open singles titles on two surfaces",
"psg_id": "866817"
},
{
"title": "2008 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "the first American to win a singles title since Andy Roddick in 2003. Twin brothers Bob and Mike Bryan won their second US Open title, and Liezel Huber (who became an American citizen in 2007) won the women's doubles with Zimbabwean Cara Black. The International Tennis Federation and United States Tennis Association offered audiences a number of new ways to access the Open in 2008. A YouTube channel was set up to broadcast highlights, and the official US Open website featured hourly updates of what was happening at the tournament. Multiple matches could be accessed at any one time, on",
"psg_id": "10523448"
},
{
"title": "2007 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "the 2007 US Open are as follows: 2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set.",
"psg_id": "9836760"
},
{
"title": "1975 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1975 US Open (tennis) The 1975 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 7 September. It was the 95th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1975. During the final three years at the Forest Hills location, 1975-1977, the US Open was played on a green-colored Har-Tru clay surface, a surface slightly harder and faster than red clay. The switch came after player complaints about the poor state and uneven",
"psg_id": "8181199"
},
{
"title": "2007 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2007 US Open (tennis) The 2007 US Open was held from 27 August to 9 September 2007, at USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City. Roger Federer successfully defended his title, becoming the first man in the open era to win four consecutive US Open titles. Maria Sharapova was unsuccessful in defending her 2006 title, being upset in the third round by 18-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska of Poland. Justine Henin, the runner-up to Sharapova in 2006, won her second US Open title, this year without losing a set. It was the second Grand Slam she",
"psg_id": "9836739"
},
{
"title": "1970 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1970 US Open (tennis) The 1970 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 2 September until 13 September. It was the 90th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1970. It was the first Grand Slam tournament in which the tiebreak was used to decide the set at a 6-6 score. It differed from the current tie-break scoring in that it was won by the first player to reach five points with a",
"psg_id": "8181457"
},
{
"title": "2013 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "following player received entry as a lucky loser: The following players received entry as lucky losers: The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or personal reasons. 2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August",
"psg_id": "16711175"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "US$33.6 million, a record US$8.1 million increase from 2012. The champions of the 2013 US Open Series also had the opportunity to add US$2.6 million in bonus prize money, potentially bringing the total 2013 US Open purse to more than US$36 million. In 2014, the prize money was US$38.3 million. In 2015, the prize money was raised to US$42.3 million. Ranking points for the men (ATP) and women (WTA) have varied at the US Open through the years but presently singles players receive the following points: US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis",
"psg_id": "866828"
},
{
"title": "2016 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "at the end of the 2015 season. This tournament turned out to be the last one in the career of former No.1 player in the world and 2008 French Open women's singles champion Ana Ivanovic, who announced her retirement from professional tennis at the end of the year. The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and was",
"psg_id": "19618779"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "US Open (tennis) The United States Open Tennis Championships is a hard court tennis tournament. The tournament is the modern version of one of the oldest tennis championships in the world, the U.S. National Championship, for which men's singles was first played in 1881. Since 1987, the US Open has been chronologically the fourth and final Grand Slam tournament of the year. The other three, in chronological order, are the Australian Open, the French Open, and Wimbledon. The US Open starts on the last Monday of August and continues for two weeks, with the middle weekend coinciding with the U.S.",
"psg_id": "866808"
},
{
"title": "1993 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "also seen watching the Open on TV, where the reporter can be heard crediting a match win to Natalia Baudone, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5, over Mary Pierce. Pierce won the actual match 6–0, 6–7, 7–6. Kramer becomes a 'ballman' for the tournament later in the episode and accidentally injures Monica Seles in the final. Seles did not play in the tournament that year owing to an incident in April 1993 which prevented her from playing competitive tennis until August 1995. 1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National",
"psg_id": "8180747"
},
{
"title": "2011 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "6–3 for her first Grand Slam title. Stosur thus became the first Australian female player to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the men's singles, both Nadal and Novak Djokovic contested the final for the second consecutive year. This time, Djokovic won 6–2, 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 for his first US Open title. Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The USTA announced that the 2011 US Open purse has increased by more than one million dollars to reach a record $23.7 million.",
"psg_id": "15503955"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "(clay and hard). The US Open is the only Grand Slam tournament that has been played every year since its inception. During the 2006 US Open, the complex was renamed to \"USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center\" in honor of Billie Jean King, a four-time US Open singles champion and women's tennis pioneer. From 1984 through 2015, the US Open deviated from traditional scheduling practices for tennis tournaments with a concept that came to be known as \"Super Saturday\": the men's and women's finals were played on the final Saturday and Sunday of the tournament respectively, and their respective",
"psg_id": "866818"
},
{
"title": "2015 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Flavia Pennetta won the Women's Singles title and became the first Italian to win the US Open. The 2015 US Open was the 135th edition of the tournament and it was held at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park of Queens in New York City, New York, United States. The tournament was an event run by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) and is part of the 2015 ATP World Tour and the 2015 WTA Tour calendars under the Grand Slam category. The tournament consists of both men's and women's singles and doubles draws as",
"psg_id": "18220661"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "women's singles final, which was pushed into primetime by rain delays. Since 1978, the US Open has been played on a hard court surface called Pro DecoTurf. It is a multi-layer cushioned surface and classified by the International Tennis Federation as medium-fast. Each August before the start of the tournament, the courts are resurfaced. Since 2005, all US Open and US Open Series tennis courts have been painted a shade of blue (trademarked as \"U.S. Open Blue\") inside the lines to make it easier for players, spectators, and television viewers to see the ball. The area outside the lines is",
"psg_id": "866824"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "money (US$40,912,000) accounts for 80.9 percent of total player base compensation, while men's and women's doubles (US$6,140,840), men's and women's singles qualifying (US$3,008,000), and mixed doubles (US$505,000) account for 12.1 percent, 5.9 percent, and 1.0 percent, respectively. The prize money for the wheelchair draw amounts to a total of US$350,000. The singles winners of the men and women draws receive US$31,200 and the winner of the quad singles receives US$23,400. The United States Tennis Association in 2012 agreed to increase the US Open prize money to US$50,400,000 by 2017. As a result, the prize money for the 2013 tournament was",
"psg_id": "866827"
},
{
"title": "1978 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was played at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows after having been organized at the",
"psg_id": "8181135"
},
{
"title": "2000 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2000 US Open (tennis) The 2000 US Open was held between August 28 – September 10, 2000. It was the final Grand Slam event of 2000. Both Andre Agassi and Serena Williams were unsuccessful in their title defences; Agassi being upset in the second round by Arnaud Clément and Williams losing in the quarter-finals to Lindsay Davenport. Marat Safin won his first US Open title and first of two Grand Slams, defeating Pete Sampras in the final, and Venus Williams defeated Davenport to win the women's title. Marat Safin defeated Pete Sampras, 6–4, 6–3, 6–3 Venus Williams defeated Lindsay Davenport,",
"psg_id": "5227405"
},
{
"title": "2008 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2008 US Open (tennis) The 2008 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 128th edition of the US Open, and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States, from August 25 through September 8, 2008. The men's defending champion, Roger Federer, won the US Open for a fifth consecutive time. Justine Henin, the women's defending champion, did not return to defend her title due to her retirement from tennis, for personal",
"psg_id": "10523446"
},
{
"title": "1977 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1977 US Open (tennis) The 1977 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 11 September. It was the 97th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1977. This was the third and final year in which the US Open was played on clay courts. After 68 years it was the final time the championship was played at the West Side Tennis Club in Forest Hills before moving to Flushing Meadows",
"psg_id": "8181161"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Labor Day holiday. The tournament consists of five primary championships: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles. The tournament also includes events for senior, junior, and wheelchair players. Since 1978, the tournament has been played on acrylic hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Queens, New York City. The US Open is owned and organized by the United States Tennis Association (USTA), a non-profit organization, and the chairperson of the US Open is Katrina Adams. Revenue from ticket sales, sponsorships, and television contracts are used to develop tennis",
"psg_id": "866809"
},
{
"title": "1978 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Per Hjertquist defeated Stefan Simonsson, 7-6, 1-6, 7-6 Linda Siegel defeated Ivanna Madruga, 6–4, 6-4 1978 US Open (tennis) The 1978 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 98th edition of the US Open and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from August 28 to September 10, 1978, and the singles titles were won by Jimmy Connors and Chris Evert. This was the first year the US Open was",
"psg_id": "8181137"
},
{
"title": "2016 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "goes to both the men's and women's singles champions. This made the US Open the most lucrative and highest paying tennis grand slam in the world, leapfrogging Wimbledon in total prize money fund. Prize money for the US Open qualifying tournament is also up 10 percent, to $1.9 million. On top of listed above, $600,000 will contribute Champions Invitational events prize money, while $1,478,000 is estimated as players' \"per diem\". A total of men's and women's singles prize money ($36,324,000) will account for more than 78% of total player compensation, while doubles ($5,463,000) and mixed doubles ($500,000) – for 12%",
"psg_id": "19618785"
},
{
"title": "2009 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "a protected ranking: 2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open",
"psg_id": "12846872"
},
{
"title": "2009 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2009 US Open (tennis) The 2009 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 31 to September 14, 2009 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, New York City, United States. Originally, it was scheduled to end with the men's singles final match on Sunday, September 13, but due to rain the tournament was extended by one day. Like the Australian Open, the tournament featured night matches. Former World No. 1 and 2005 US Open women's singles champion, Kim Clijsters, competed in the 2009 US Open after being granted",
"psg_id": "12846834"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "courts just outside the East Gate) consisting of four \"show courts\" (Arthur Ashe Stadium, Louis Armstrong Stadium, the Grandstand, and Court 17), 13 field courts, and 5 practice courts. The main court is the 23,771-seat Arthur Ashe Stadium, which opened in 1997. A US$180 million retractable roof was added in 2016. The stadium is named after Arthur Ashe, the African-American who won the men's singles title at the inaugural US Open in 1968, the Australian Open in 1970, and Wimbledon in 1975 and who was inducted into the International Tennis Hall of Fame in 1985. The next largest court is",
"psg_id": "866821"
},
{
"title": "2016 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "service game to lead, before Kerber levelled the set at 3–3. With the match at 5–4, Plíšková served to stay in the match but Kerber won it in a love game to secure her first US Open title. 2016 US Open (tennis) The 2016 US Open was the 136th edition of tennis' US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. In the men's singles competition, Stan Wawrinka defeated defending champion Novak Djokovic in the final. Angelique",
"psg_id": "19618790"
},
{
"title": "2013 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2013 US Open (tennis) The 2013 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 133rd edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center, and ran from August 26 to September 9. Andy Murray and Serena Williams were the defending champions in the singles events. Williams successfully defended her title, but Murray was defeated in the quarterfinals by Stanislas Wawrinka. Rafael Nadal won the men's singles. The 2013 US Open was the 133rd edition of the",
"psg_id": "16711171"
},
{
"title": "1973 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1973 US Open (tennis) The 1973 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 27 August until 9 September. It was the 93rd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1973. It was the first year the boy's championship was held. The 1973 US Open was the first Grand Slam offering equal prize money to both men and women. John Newcombe defeated Jan Kodeš, 6–4, 1–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3 Margaret Court defeated Evonne Goolagong,",
"psg_id": "8181384"
},
{
"title": "2011 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "players who withdrew from the event. Rankings are as of 22 August. Below are the lists of the wild card awardees entering in the main draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players received entry from a lucky loser spot: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2011 US Open (tennis) The 2011 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United",
"psg_id": "15503959"
},
{
"title": "2015 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "four tennis majors (the French Open is split between Tennis Channel for cable coverage and NBC for over-the-air coverage, with portions previously sub-licensed to ESPN until 2016). Below is a series of tables for each of the competitions showing the ranking points on offer for each event. The US Open total prize money for 2015 was increased by 10.5 percent to a record $42,253,400, which potentially could reach almost 45 million dollars, as the top three finishers in the Emirates Airline US Open Series may earn up an additional $2.625 million in bonus money at the US Open. Of the",
"psg_id": "18220666"
},
{
"title": "1994 US Open – Men's Singles",
"text": "1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show",
"psg_id": "8420775"
},
{
"title": "1969 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship was the first time in grand slam",
"psg_id": "8181469"
},
{
"title": "1969 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Françoise Dürr / Dennis Ralston, 7–5, 6–3 1969 US Open (tennis) The 1969 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 9 September. It was the 89th staging of the tournament, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1969. It was the last year at the US Open in which sets were decided by a two-game advantage before the introduction of the tiebreak in 1970. This championship",
"psg_id": "8181471"
},
{
"title": "1979 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "6–4 Betty Stöve / Wendy Turnbull defeated Billie Jean King Martina Navratilova 7–5, 6–3 Greer Stevens / Bob Hewitt defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 6–3, 7–5 Scott Davis defeated Jan Gunnarson 6–3, 6–1 Alycia Moulton defeated Mary Lou Piatek 7–6, 7–6 1979 US Open (tennis) The 1979 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 99th edition of the US Open and the third Grand Slam tennis event of the year. The tournament was held from",
"psg_id": "8181134"
},
{
"title": "1968 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "/ Billie Jean King, 4–6, 9–7, 8–6 No mixed doubles at the 1968 US Open. Results often seen are those of the 1968 US National Championships held a month earlier in Boston. 1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first",
"psg_id": "10856028"
},
{
"title": "2015 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2015 US Open (tennis) The 2015 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 135th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Marin Čilić was the defending champion in the men's singles event, but lost to eventual champion Novak Djokovic in the semifinals. Serena Williams was the three-time defending champion in the women's singles event and was also trying to complete the calendar Grand Slam, but she lost to Roberta Vinci in the semifinals.",
"psg_id": "18220660"
},
{
"title": "2017 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Experimental rules featured in qualifying for the main draw as well as in the junior, wheelchair and exhibition events. Stan Wawrinka and Angelique Kerber were the previous year's men's and women's singles champions. Neither managed to defend their title as Wawrinka withdrew before the start of the tournament due to a knee injury",
"psg_id": "19772949"
},
{
"title": "2014 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries. 2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from",
"psg_id": "17547443"
},
{
"title": "2014 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2014 US Open (tennis) The 2014 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts. It was the 134th edition of the US Open, the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center. Rafael Nadal was the defending champion in the men's event; however, on 18 August, the Spaniard announced his withdrawal from the event after failing to recover from a wrist injury, while Serena Williams was the two-time defending champion in the women's event. In the men's singles competition, Marin Čilić won his maiden",
"psg_id": "17547436"
},
{
"title": "2018 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his",
"psg_id": "20458655"
},
{
"title": "2018 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2018 US Open (tennis) The 2018 US Open was the 138th edition of tennis' US Open and the fourth and final Grand Slam event of the year. It was held on outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in New York City. Rafael Nadal and Sloane Stephens were the defending champions in the men's and women's singles events, however both failed to defend their titles. Nadal retired during his semifinal match against Juan Martín del Potro. Stephens was defeated in the quarterfinals by Anastasija Sevastova, whom Stephens had beaten at the same stage the previous",
"psg_id": "20458645"
},
{
"title": "2017 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. Rankings as of August 21, 2017. The following players were given wildcards to the main draw based on internal selection and recent performances. The qualifying competitions took place at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center on 22 – 25 August 2017. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries, suspensions or for personal reasons. 2017 US Open (tennis) The 2017 US Open was the 137th edition of tennis' US Open",
"psg_id": "19772956"
},
{
"title": "1996 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Durie / Tom Gorman (Abandoned due to rain) 1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa",
"psg_id": "8180675"
},
{
"title": "Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award",
"text": "Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \"experts\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee. Through the 2001 iteration of the ESPY Awards, ceremonies were conducted in February of each year to honor achievements",
"psg_id": "10026227"
},
{
"title": "1983 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1983 US Open (tennis) The 1983 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 103rd edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 11, 1983. The event was marred by the death of linesman Dick Wertheim from blunt cranial trauma after an errant serve by Stefan Edberg struck his groin, causing him to fall and hit his head. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–7, 7–5, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert",
"psg_id": "8181035"
},
{
"title": "Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award",
"text": "over the previous calendar year; awards presented thereafter are conferred in June and reflect performance from the June previous. Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award The Best Female Tennis Player ESPY Award has been presented annually since 1993 to the professional female tennis player adjudged to be the best in a given calendar year. Between 1993 and 2004, the award voting panel comprised variously fans; sportswriters and broadcasters, sports executives, and retired sportspersons, termed collectively \"experts\"; and ESPN personalities, but balloting thereafter has been exclusively by fans over the Internet from amongst choices selected by the ESPN Select Nominating Committee.",
"psg_id": "10026228"
},
{
"title": "1989 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "and the final), three women's singles matches (two semifinals and the final), one men's doubles match (the final), two women's doubles matches (a semifinal and the final) and one mixed doubles match (the final). 1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5,",
"psg_id": "8180830"
},
{
"title": "1984 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "In the process, they also began charging separate admission for each of the two sessions on the last Saturday of the fortnight. 1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg /",
"psg_id": "8181013"
},
{
"title": "1980 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "7–6 , 7–5 Wendy Turnbull / Marty Riessen defeated Betty Stöve / Frew McMillan 7–5, 6–2 Mike Falberg defeated Eric Wilborts 6–7, 6–3, 6–3 Susan Mascarin defeated Kathrin Keil 6–3, 6–4 1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková",
"psg_id": "8181102"
},
{
"title": "1980 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1980 US Open (tennis) The 1980 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 100th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1980. John McEnroe defeated Björn Borg 7–6 , 6–1, 6–7, 5–7, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 5–7, 6–1, 6–1 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated John McEnroe / Peter Fleming 7–5, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Martina Navratilova defeated Pam Shriver / Betty Stöve",
"psg_id": "8181101"
},
{
"title": "1982 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1982 US Open (tennis) The 1982 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 102nd edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 12, 1982. Jimmy Connors defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 6–4 Chris Evert-Lloyd defeated Hana Mandlíková 6–3, 6–1 Kevin Curren / Steve Denton defeated Victor Amaya / Hank Pfister 6–2, 6–7, 5–7, 6–2, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Wendy Turnbull defeated Barbara Potter / Sharon Walsh 6–4, 6–4 Anne Smith",
"psg_id": "8181041"
},
{
"title": "1984 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1984 US Open (tennis) The 1984 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 104th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 9, 1984. John McEnroe defeated Ivan Lendl 6–3, 6–4, 6–1 Martina Navratilova defeated Chris Evert-Lloyd 4–6, 6–4, 6–4 John Fitzgerald / Tomáš Šmíd defeated Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Anne Hobbs / Wendy Turnbull 6–2, 6–4 Manuela Maleeva / Tom",
"psg_id": "8181008"
},
{
"title": "1985 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 8, 1985. Ivan Lendl defeated John McEnroe 7–6, 6–3, 6–4 Hana Mandlíková defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 1–6, 7–6 Ken Flach / Robert Seguso defeated Henri Leconte / Yannick Noah 6–7, 7–6, 7–6, 6–0 Claudia Kohde-Kilsch / Helena Suková defeated Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver 6–7, 6–2, 6–3 Martina Navratilova",
"psg_id": "8180977"
},
{
"title": "1986 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 7, 1986. Ivan Lendl defeated Miloslav Mečíř 6–4, 6–2, 6–0 Martina Navratilova defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–2 Andrés Gómez / Slobodan Živojinović defeated Joakim Nyström / Mats Wilander 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Hana Mandlíková / Wendy Turnbull 6–4, 3–6, 6–3 Raffaella Reggi",
"psg_id": "8180939"
},
{
"title": "1987 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "/ Paul Annacone 6–4, 6–7, 7–6 David Wheaton defeated Andrei Cherkasov 7–6, 6–0 Natasha Zvereva defeated Sandra Birch 6–0, 6–3 Goran Ivanišević / Diego Nargiso defeated Zeeshan Ali / Brett Steven 3–6, 6–4, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Il-Soon Kim / Shi-Ting Wang 6–4, 7–5 Total prize money for the event was $3,979,294. 1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14,",
"psg_id": "8180915"
},
{
"title": "1988 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Jim Pugh defeated Elizabeth Smylie / Patrick McEnroe 7–5, 6–3 Nicolás Pereira defeated Nicklas Kulti 6–1, 6–2 Carrie Cunningham defeated Rachel McQuillan 7–5, 6–3 Jonathan Stark / John Yancey defeated Massimo Boscatto / Stefano Pescosolido 7–6, 7–5 Meredith McGrath / Kimberly Po defeated Cathy Caverzasio / Laura Lapi 6–3, 6–1 1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to",
"psg_id": "8180871"
},
{
"title": "1988 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1988 US Open (tennis) The 1988 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 108th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1988. Mats Wilander defeated Ivan Lendl 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4 Steffi Graf defeated Gabriela Sabatini 6–3, 3–6, 6–1 Sergio Casal / Emilio Sánchez defeated Rick Leach / Jim Pugh by Walkover Gigi Fernández / Robin White defeated Patty Fendick / Jill Hetherington 6–4, 6–1 Jana Novotná /",
"psg_id": "8180870"
},
{
"title": "1989 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1989 US Open (tennis) The 1989 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 109th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1989. Boris Becker defeated Ivan Lendl 7–6, 1–6, 6–3, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Martina Navratilova 3–6, 7–5, 6–1 John McEnroe / Mark Woodforde defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 6–4, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3 Hana Mandlíková / Martina Navratilova defeated Mary Joe Fernández / Pam Shriver 5–7, 6–4, 6–4 Robin White /",
"psg_id": "8180828"
},
{
"title": "1990 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha",
"psg_id": "8180789"
},
{
"title": "1991 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 to September 8, 1991. Stefan Edberg defeated Jim Courier 6–2, 6–4, 6–0 Monica Seles defeated Martina Navratilova 7–6, 6–1 John Fitzgerald / Anders Järryd defeated Scott Davis / David Pate 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 6–3 Pam Shriver / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Larisa Savchenko 6–4, 4–6, 7–6 Manon Bollegraf /",
"psg_id": "8180760"
},
{
"title": "1992 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis",
"psg_id": "8180755"
},
{
"title": "1992 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1992 US Open (tennis) The 1992 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 112th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 to September 13, 1992. Stefan Edberg defeated Pete Sampras 3–6, 6–4, 7–6, 6–2 Monica Seles defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 6–3, 6–3 Jim Grabb / Richey Reneberg defeated Kelly Jones / Rick Leach 3–6, 7–6, 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Larisa Neiland / Jana Novotná 7–6, 6–1 Nicole Provis",
"psg_id": "8180753"
},
{
"title": "1993 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1993 US Open (tennis) The 1993 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 113th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 to September 12, 1993. Pete Sampras defeated Cédric Pioline 6–4, 6–4, 6–3 Steffi Graf defeated Helena Suková 6–3, 6–3 Ken Flach / Rick Leach defeated Karel Nováček / Martin Damm 6–7, 6–4, 6–2 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Helena Suková defeated Amanda Coetzer / Inés Gorrochategui 6–4, 6–2 Helena Suková / Todd",
"psg_id": "8180745"
},
{
"title": "1994 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from August 29 to September 11, 1994. Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Steffi Graf 1–6, 7–6, 6–4 Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis defeated Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde 6–3, 7–6 Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario defeated Katerina Maleeva / Robin White 6–3, 6–3 Elna Reinach /",
"psg_id": "8180739"
},
{
"title": "1995 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28 to September 10, 1995. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–6, 0–6, 6–3 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Alex O'Brien / Sandon Stolle 6–3, 6–3 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Brenda Schultz-McCarthy / Rennae Stubbs 7–5, 6–3 Meredith McGrath / Matt",
"psg_id": "8180685"
},
{
"title": "1987 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1987 US Open (tennis) The 1987 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City. It was the 107th edition of the US Open and was held from September 1 to September 14, 1987. Ivan Lendl defeated Mats Wilander 6–7, 6–0, 7–6, 6–4 Martina Navratilova defeated Steffi Graf 7–6, 6–1 Stefan Edberg / Anders Järryd defeated Ken Flach / Robert Seguso 7–6, 6–2, 4–6, 5–7, 7–6 Martina Navratilova / Pam Shriver defeated Kathy Jordan / Elizabeth Smylie 5–7, 6–4, 6–2 Martina Navratilova / Emilio Sánchez defeated Betsy Nagelsen",
"psg_id": "8180914"
},
{
"title": "2003 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won his only Grand Slam title, defeating Juan Carlos Ferrero (who inherited the World No.1",
"psg_id": "5211505"
},
{
"title": "2010 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "and in the qualifying draws. The following players were accepted directly into the main draw using a protected ranking: Below are the lists of the qualifiers entering the main draw. The following players were accepted directly into the main tournament, but withdrew with injuries or personal reasons. All prize money is in dollars ($); doubles prize money is distributed per pair. 2010 US Open (tennis) The 2010 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts, held from August 30 to September 13, 2010 in the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center at Flushing Meadows, Queens, New",
"psg_id": "13823716"
},
{
"title": "1968 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1968 US Open (tennis) The 1968 US Open (formerly known as U.S. National Championships) was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the West Side Tennis Club, Forest Hills in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 29 August until 8 September. It was the 88th staging of the tournament and the fourth Grand Slam event of 1968. It was the first edition of the tournament in the Open Era of tennis and as such for the first time offered prize money, totaling $100,000. Arthur Ashe and Virginia Wade won the singles titles. Ashe",
"psg_id": "10856026"
},
{
"title": "1994 US Open – Men's Singles",
"text": "the round in which they were eliminated. 1994 US Open – Men's Singles Unseeded Andre Agassi defeated Michael Stich 6–1, 7–6, 7–5 in the final to win the Men's Singles tennis title at the 1994 US Open. Agassi became the first unseeded player in the Open era (1968-present) to win the championship and the first overall since Fred Stolle in 1966. It would also be the final Grand Slam and final match for tennis legend Ivan Lendl. Pete Sampras was the defending champion but was upset in the fourth round by unseeded Jaime Yzaga. The seeded players are listed below.",
"psg_id": "8420776"
},
{
"title": "1974 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1974 US Open (tennis) The 1974 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 26 August until 8 September. It was the 94th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1974. The girl's championships was introduced in 1974 and it was the last year the tournament was played on grass courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Ken Rosewall, 6–1, 6–0, 6–1 Billie Jean King defeated Evonne Goolagong, 3–6, 6–3, 7–5 Bob Lutz / Stan Smith defeated",
"psg_id": "8181369"
},
{
"title": "1976 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1976 US Open (tennis) The 1976 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor Har-Tru clay courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York, United States. The tournament ran from 30 August until 12 September. It was the 96th staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1976. It was the second year in which this tournament was played on clay courts. Jimmy Connors defeated Björn Borg, 6–4, 3–6, 7–6, 6–4 Chris Evert defeated Evonne Goolagong Cawley 6–3, 6–0 Tom Okker / Marty Riessen defeated Paul Kronk / Cliff Letcher",
"psg_id": "8181165"
},
{
"title": "1971 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "/ Françoise Dürr, 6–3, 6–3 Billie Jean King / Owen Davidson defeated Betty Stöve / Robert Maud, 6–3, 7–5 1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan",
"psg_id": "8181430"
},
{
"title": "1971 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1971 US Open (tennis) The 1971 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 1 September until 12 September. It was the 91st staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1971. Stan Smith defeated Jan Kodeš, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–6 Billie Jean King defeated Rosemary Casals, 6–4, 7–6 John Newcombe / Roger Taylor defeated Stan Smith / Erik van Dillen, 6–7, 6–3, 7–6, 4–6, 7–6 Rosemary Casals / Judy Tegart Dalton defeated Gail Chanfreau",
"psg_id": "8181429"
},
{
"title": "1972 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "6–3, 1–6, 6–3 Margaret Court / Marty Riessen defeated Rosemary Casals / Ilie Năstase, 6–3, 7–5 1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson /",
"psg_id": "8181425"
},
{
"title": "1972 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1972 US Open (tennis) The 1972 US Open was a tennis tournament that took place on the outdoor grass courts at the Forest Hills, Queens in New York City, USA. The tournament ran from 28 August until 10 September. It was the 92nd staging of the US Open, and the fourth Grand Slam tennis event of 1972. Ilie Năstase defeated Arthur Ashe, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7, 6–4, 6–3 Billie Jean King defeated Kerry Melville, 6–3, 7–5 Cliff Drysdale / Roger Taylor defeated Owen Davidson / John Newcombe, 6–4, 7–6, 6–3 Françoise Dürr / Betty Stöve defeated Margaret Court / Virginia Wade,",
"psg_id": "8181424"
},
{
"title": "1985 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "/ Heinz Günthardt defeated Elizabeth Smylie / John Fitzgerald 6–3, 6–4 Tim Trigueiro defeated Joey Blake 6–2, 6–3 Laura Garrone defeated Andrea Holíková 6–2, 7–6 Joey Blake / Darren Yates defeated Patrick Flynn / David Macpherson 3–6, 6–3, 6–4 Andrea Holíková / Radka Zrubáková defeated Mariana Perez-Roldan / Patricia Tarabini 6–4, 2–6, 7–5 1985 US Open (tennis) The 1985 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 105th edition of the US Open and was held from",
"psg_id": "8180978"
},
{
"title": "1986 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "/ Sergio Casal defeated Martina Navratilova / Peter Fleming 6–4, 6–4 Javier Sánchez defeated Franco Davín 6–2, 6–2 Elly Hakami defeated Shaun Stafford 6–2, 6–1 Tomás Carbonell / Javier Sánchez defeated Jeff Tarango / David Wheaton 6–4, 1–6, 6–1 Jana Novotná / Radka Zrubáková defeated Elena Brioukhovets / Leila Meskhi 6–4, 6–2 1986 US Open (tennis) The 1986 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 106th edition of the US Open and was held from August",
"psg_id": "8180940"
},
{
"title": "1991 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Tom Nijssen defeated Arantxa Sánchez Vicario / Emilio Sánchez 6–2, 7–6 Leander Paes defeated Karim Alami 6–4, 6–4 Karina Habšudová defeated Anne Mall 6–1, 6–3 Karim Alami / John-Laffnie de Jager defeated Michael Joyce / Vince Spadea 6–4, 6–7, 6–1 Kristin Godridge / Nicole Pratt defeated Åsa Carlsson / Cătălina Cristea 7–6, 7–5 1991 US Open (tennis) The 1991 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 111th edition of the US Open and was held from",
"psg_id": "8180761"
},
{
"title": "1994 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Patrick Galbraith defeated Jana Novotná / Todd Woodbridge 6–2, 6–4 Sjeng Schalken defeated Mehdi Tahiri 6–2, 7–6 Meilen Tu defeated Martina Hingis 6–2, 6–4 Ben Ellwood / Nicolás Lapentti defeated Paul Goldstein / Scott Humphries 6–2, 6–0 Surina de Beer / Chantal Reuter defeated Nannie de Villiers / Lizzie Jelfs 4–6, 6–4, 6–2 1994 US Open (tennis) The 1994 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 114th edition of the US Open and was held from",
"psg_id": "8180740"
},
{
"title": "1995 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Lucena defeated Gigi Fernández / Cyril Suk 6–4, 6–4 Nicolas Kiefer defeated Ulrich Jasper Seetzen 6–3, 6–4 Tara Snyder defeated Annabel Ellwood 6–4, 4–6, 6–2 Jong-Min Lee / Jocelyn Robichaud defeated Raemon Sluiter / Peter Wessels 7–6, 6–2 Corina Morariu / Ludmila Varmužová defeated Anna Kournikova / Aleksandra Olsza 6–3, 6–3 1995 US Open (tennis) The 1995 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 115th edition of the US Open and was held from August 28",
"psg_id": "8180686"
},
{
"title": "1996 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1996 US Open (tennis) The 1996 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 116th edition of the US Open and was held from August 26 through September 8, 1996. Pete Sampras defeated Michael Chang 6–1, 6–4, 7–6 Steffi Graf defeated Monica Seles 7–5, 6–4 Todd Woodbridge / Mark Woodforde defeated Jacco Eltingh / Paul Haarhuis 4–6, 7–6, 7–6 Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva defeated Jana Novotná / Arantxa Sánchez Vicario 1–6, 6–1, 6–4 Lisa Raymond /",
"psg_id": "8180673"
},
{
"title": "1997 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "defeated Mercedes Paz / Pablo Albano 3–6, 7–5, 7–6 Arnaud Di Pasquale defeated Wesley Whitehouse 6–7, 6–4, 6–1 Cara Black defeated Kildine Chevalier 6–7, 6–1, 6–3 Fernando González / Nicolás Massú defeated Jean-René Lisnard / Michaël Llodra 6–4, 6–4 Marissa Irvin / Alexandra Stevenson defeated Cara Black / Irina Selyutina 6–2, 7–6 1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August",
"psg_id": "8180636"
},
{
"title": "1997 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1997 US Open (tennis) The 1997 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 117th edition of the US Open and was held from August 25 through September 7, 1997. Patrick Rafter defeated Greg Rusedski 6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5 Martina Hingis defeated Venus Williams 6–0, 6–4 Yevgeny Kafelnikov / Daniel Vacek defeated Jonas Björkman / Nicklas Kulti 7–6, 6–3 Lindsay Davenport / Jana Novotná defeated Gigi Fernández / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–4 Manon Bollegraf / Rick Leach",
"psg_id": "8180635"
},
{
"title": "1998 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Mirnyi defeated Lisa Raymond / Patrick Galbraith 6–2, 6–2 David Nalbandian defeated Roger Federer 6–3, 7–5 Jelena Dokić defeated Katarina Srebotnik 6–4, 6–2 K. J. Hippensteel / David Martin defeated Andy Ram / Lovro Zovko 6–7, 7–6, 6–2 Kim Clijsters / Eva Dyrberg defeated Jelena Dokić / Evie Dominikovic 7–6, 6–4 1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31",
"psg_id": "8180588"
},
{
"title": "1998 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1998 US Open (tennis) The 1998 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 118th edition of the US Open and was held from August 31 through September 13, 1998. Patrick Rafter defeated Mark Philippoussis, 6–3, 3–6, 6–2, 6–0 Lindsay Davenport defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–5 Sandon Stolle / Cyril Suk defeated Mark Knowles / Daniel Nestor, 4–6, 7–6, 6–2 Martina Hingis / Jana Novotná defeated Lindsay Davenport / Natasha Zvereva 6–3, 6–3 Serena Williams / Max",
"psg_id": "8180587"
},
{
"title": "1999 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Mahesh Bhupathi defeated Kimberly Po / Donald Johnson, 6–4, 6–4 Jarkko Nieminen defeated Kristian Pless 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Lina Krasnoroutskaya defeated Nadia Petrova 6–3, 6–2 Julien Benneteau / Nicolas Mahut defeated Tres Davis / Alberto Francis 6–4, 3–6, 6–1 Dája Bedáňová / Iroda Tulyaganova defeated Galina Fokina / Lina Krasnoroutskaya 6–3, 6–4 Withdrawals: Steffi Graf, Anna Kournikova 1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open",
"psg_id": "5255016"
},
{
"title": "1999 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1999 US Open (tennis) The 1999 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in New York in the United States. It was the 119th edition of the US Open and was held from August 30 through September 12, 1999. Andre Agassi defeated Todd Martin, 6–4, 6–7, 6–7, 6–3, 6–2 Serena Williams defeated Martina Hingis, 6–3, 7–6 Sébastien Lareau / Alex O'Brien defeated Mahesh Bhupathi / Leander Paes, 7–6, 6–4 Serena Williams / Venus Williams defeated Chanda Rubin / Sandrine Testud, 4–6, 6–1, 6–4 Ai Sugiyama /",
"psg_id": "5255015"
},
{
"title": "2014 US Open – Women's Singles",
"text": "This tournament was the Grand Slam debut of CiCi Bellis, who became the youngest player to win a match at the US Open since 1996 (and the youngest American to do so since 1986) when she defeated the twelfth seed Dominika Cibulková in the first round at the age of 15. All three top seeds (Williams, Simona Halep and Petra Kvitová) were in contention for the World No. 1 ranking at the start of the tournament. Williams retained the top position after Halep and Kvitová both lost in the third round. 2014 US Open – Women's Singles Serena Williams was",
"psg_id": "18076660"
},
{
"title": "2012 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "2012 US Open (tennis) The 2012 US Open was a tennis tournament played on the outdoor hard courts at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows Park, of Queens, New York City, United States. It was played from August 27 to September 10. As a result of adverse weather conditions on September 8, which included a full evacuation of the National Tennis Center because of an upcoming tornado, another day was added to the schedule for the fifth straight year, with the women's final postponed to the afternoon of Sunday, September 9 rather than the previous",
"psg_id": "15895953"
},
{
"title": "2009 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "a wild card entry, returning to professional tennis after more than two years of retirement. She made it to the women's singles semi-finals, where she knocked out the defending champion Serena Williams in controversial circumstances. In the final, Clijsters defeated Caroline Wozniacki, the first Dane, man or woman, to reach a Grand Slam final in the Open Era, in straight sets: 7–5, 6–3. Clijsters thus became the first mother to win a Grand Slam since Evonne Goolagong Cawley in 1980. In the process, she also became the first unseeded player and wildcard to win the tournament. In the men's singles",
"psg_id": "12846835"
},
{
"title": "US Open (tennis)",
"text": "the 1968 national tournament were open to professionals. That year, 96 men and 63 women entered, and prize money totaled US$100,000. In 1970, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to use a tiebreaker to decide a set that reached a 6–6 score in games. From 1970 through 1974, the US Open used a best-of-nine-point sudden-death tiebreaker before moving to the International Tennis Federation's (ITF) best-of-twelve points system. In 1973, the US Open became the first Grand Slam tournament to award equal prize money to men and women, with that year's singles champions,John Newcombe and Margaret Court, receiving",
"psg_id": "866816"
},
{
"title": "2018 US Open – Women's Singles final",
"text": "Grand Slam women's singles final (the second Japanese able-bodied player overall after Kei Nishikori at the 2014 US Open, and fourth player overall after Nishikori, Yui Kamiji and Shingo Kunieda), and was attempting to become the first able-bodied Japanese player, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles title. Osaka's personal admiration for Williams as a primary inspiration for her tennis career was a focal point of the media's interest in her rise. Upon defeating Maria Sharapova in her successful 2018 Indian Wells campaign, Osaka quipped, \"There are three people I wanted to play, Venus, [Sharapova] and Serena. Now",
"psg_id": "20880290"
},
{
"title": "2003 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Jo-Wilfried Tsonga defeated Marcos Baghdatis, 7–6, 6–3 Kirsten Flipkens defeated Michaëlla Krajicek, 6–3, 7–5 2003 US Open (tennis) The 2003 US Open was held between August 25 – September 7, 2003. Both Pete Sampras and Serena Williams did not defend their titles from 2002; Sampras unofficially retired after winning his final Grand Slam title the previous year, and Serena Williams was forced to miss the tournament after withdrawing through injury. This was the first time since 1971 in which neither champion was able to defend their title. Andy Roddick, who previously won the 2000 US Open as a junior, won",
"psg_id": "5211507"
}
] | [
"tracy austin",
"tracey austin"
] |
how many 'victories' did the red baron claim in aerial dogfights? | [
{
"title": "The Red Fighter Pilot",
"text": "was no longer that kind of person. The Red Fighter Pilot The Red Fighter Pilot (German: \"Der Rote Kampfflieger\") is a book written by Manfred von Richthofen, a famous German fighter pilot who is considered the top scoring ace of the First World War, being officially credited with 80 air combat victories. Richthofen's most common German nickname was \"Der Rote Kampfflieger,\" which roughly translates to \"The Red Battle Flyer\" or \"The Red Fighter Pilot.\" Today he is better known as the Red Baron. The book details some of Richthofen's experiences during World War I. He finished the book in 1917,",
"psg_id": "9592891"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Dogfights (TV series)",
"text": "Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical re-enactments of air-to-air combat that took place in World War I, World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War, as well as smaller conflicts such as the Gulf War and the Six-Day War. The program consists of former fighter pilots sharing their stories of actual dogfights in which they took part, combined with computer-generated imagery (CGI) to give the viewer a better perspective of what it is like to engage in aerial combat. \"Dogfights \" originally aired on the History Channel from November 2006 to",
"psg_id": "9341116"
},
{
"title": "Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II",
"text": "broke down altogether in 1945. Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent.",
"psg_id": "12060160"
},
{
"title": "Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II",
"text": "Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II In aerial warfare, the term overclaiming describes a combatant (or group) that claims the destruction of more enemy aircraft than actually achieved. The net effect is that the actual losses and claimed victories are unequal. Overclaiming by individuals can occur when more than one person attacks the same target and each claims its destruction, when an aircraft appears to be no longer in a flying condition but manages to land safely, or when an individual simply wishes to claim unjustified credit for downing an opponent. In some instances of combat",
"psg_id": "12060155"
},
{
"title": "Dogfights: The Game",
"text": "Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \"Dogfights: The Game\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \"Dogfights: The Game\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \"Dogfights: The Game\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and let players duke it out. \"Dogfights: The Game\" primarily deals",
"psg_id": "10755216"
},
{
"title": "Dogfights: The Game",
"text": "episode choice and currently there are six episodes for play. Dogfights: The Game Dogfights: The Game is a free episodic, combat flight simulator PC game that is based on the History Channel television show Dogfights. Developed by Kuma Reality Games, a developer which primarily makes freeware games; \"Dogfights: The Game\" is distributed in episodes freely through Kuma Reality Games' game client for the PC. Each game episode of \"Dogfights: The Game\" is based on actual episodes from the Dogfights television series. \"Dogfights: The Game\" aims to put players into the cockpit of some of history's most famous fighter planes and",
"psg_id": "10755218"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron in popular culture",
"text": "The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as the \"Red Baron\", was a fighter pilot with the German Air Force during World War I and one of the most famous aviators in history, as well as the subject of many books, films and other media. The following is a list of mentions of him in popular culture. There have been a number of World War I flight simulators involving Manfred von Richthofen. They include \"Hunt for the Red Baron\", written and published by Small Rockets, \"Knights of the Sky\" by Microprose, and \"Red Baron\" by Dynamix",
"psg_id": "9443166"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (1990 video game)",
"text": "\"Red Baron\"\". In 1996, the magazine named \"Red Baron\" as #4 on its list of the best PC games of all time, positively comparing it to Spectrum HoloByte's \"Falcon 3.0\". In 1994, \"PC Gamer US\" named \"Red Baron\" as the 17th best computer game ever. The editors wrote, \"When it comes to simulating those first days of aerial combat, \"Red Baron\" is still the top dog.\" In 1991, \"PC Format\" placed \"Red Baron\" on its list of the 50 best computer games of all time. Dynamix started up a contest on the Computer Gaming World magazine, consisting of 7 questions",
"psg_id": "3211203"
},
{
"title": "Dogfights: The Game",
"text": "with the World War II episodes of the show, recreating battles from episodes such as \"Thunderbolt\" and \"Japanese Kamikaze\". 'Dogfights: The Game' utilizes Valve's Source Engine, similar to Kuma Games' other game produced for the History Channel: ShootOut! The Game and their own property Kuma\\War. \"Dogfights: The Game\" is a combat flight simulator that utilizes Valve's Source Engine. Episodes consist of single player \"flight school\" missions where users learn to pilot their aircraft and multiplayer maps where players gather online to play against each other. \"Dogfights: The Game\" features a variety of different aircraft at the player's disposal depending on",
"psg_id": "10755217"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron (2008 film)",
"text": "out, shook his hand and then took off again.) But in other respects, Von Richthofen was \"cold-blooded,\" says Castan. \"He was mainly interested in his strike rate. He did not try to conceal the fact that he was aiming to kill.\" Both Tino Mewes as Best Young Supporting Actor and Matthias Schweighöfer as Best Young Actor from \"The Red Baron\" were nominated for Undine Awards. The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World",
"psg_id": "8484058"
},
{
"title": "Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II",
"text": "The \"Luftwaffe\"s aerial victory confirmation procedure was based on directive 55270/41 named \"Confirmation of aerial victories, destructions and sinking of ships\" () and was issued by the \"Oberbefehlshaber der Luftwaffe\". This directive was first issued in 1939 and was updated several times during World War II. In theory, this approval process for the confirmation of aerial victories was very stringent and required a witness. The final destruction or explosion of an enemy aircraft in the air, or bail-out of the pilot, had to be observed either on gun-camera film or by at least one other human witness. The witness could",
"psg_id": "12060157"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron in popular culture",
"text": "and published by Sierra Entertainment which was followed up by a less successful sequel \"Red Baron II\". A great variety of model airplanes of all scales, and flying balsa planes, portrait dolls and figurines representing the baron and his aircraft have been produced. The Red Baron name has been attached to small plush figures and teddy bears and is widely applied to products unrelated to the WWI ace. Grant Murray famously owned and drove the Red Baron until it was recycled by the Fire Service in July 2014. The Red Baron in popular culture Manfred von Richthofen, also known as",
"psg_id": "9443167"
},
{
"title": "Dogfights (TV series)",
"text": "- The Complete Series All the episodes including Dogfights of the Future are included in a 10 DVD set, which was released on October 27, 2009. Starting with season 2, the History Channel produced, in conjunction with Kuma Reality Games, a free PC video game based on the \"Dogfights\" series. Dogfights: The Game puts players in interactive recreations of actual episodes from the TV show. As of now the game primarily concentrates on the World War II episodes of the series. This can be found on History.com Dogfights (TV series) Dogfights is a military aviation themed TV series depicting historical",
"psg_id": "9341122"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (anime)",
"text": "Red Baron (anime) \"Red Baron\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \"Metal Fight\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red Baron and enters the contest with dreams of becoming its champion. He must, however, face an army of other rivals from around the world including \"Kaizer\" and the Tetsumen Tô doctors, and later allies",
"psg_id": "7462534"
},
{
"title": "McDonnell F3H Demon",
"text": "F3H-2P, was proposed, but never built. It remained the Navy's front-line fighter until 1962, when it was succeeded by the F-4 Phantom II (which was a development of a proposed \"Super Demon\", a larger and much heavier version of the F3H). Developed during the Korean War to counter the MiG-15, it did not claim any aerial victories with missiles or dogfights, although it flew over Lebanon and Quemoy in 1958. In 1962, the F3H was redesignated F-3. The F3H-2N became the F-3C, the F3H-2M became MF-3B, and the F3H-2 changed to F-3B. The last Demon-equipped squadron, VF-161 'Chargers', traded their",
"psg_id": "1745816"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (ride)",
"text": "Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \"Mini Jet\" is a common model of this ride. The \"Mini Jet\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the Red Baron kiddie rides are restricted to only children under 54 inches tall, such as the ones in Cedar Point Amusement Park and in",
"psg_id": "16289228"
},
{
"title": "Dogfights (TV series)",
"text": "from the ground, but the process is interrupted by enemy planes. After each battle, the show usually features a short biography about the pilots and the conflicts they were involved in, and then the credits roll. Dogfights - The Complete Season One DVD set was released on April 24, 2007. Featuring all eleven episodes, it also includes the original pilot episode and a behind-the-scenes featurette called \"Dogfights: The Planes.\" The picture format is 4:3 (1.33:1) even though the series was produced in anamorphic widescreen. Dogfights - The Complete Season Two 5 DVD set was released on June 24, 2008. Dogfights",
"psg_id": "9341121"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (anime)",
"text": "Hagakure (episode 21)<br> Yonehiko Kitagawa: Samurid (episode 24)<br> Mayumi Tanaka: Steven Spinnberg (episode 25)<br> Yuu Shimaka: President of the Battle Royale Association (episode 26)<br> Minoru Inaba: Tom (episode 29)<br> Shinichiro Ohta: Jerry (episode 29) Red Baron (anime) \"Red Baron\" follows Ken Kurenai, the pilot of the titular robot, Red Baron. In the future, the \"Metal Fight\" games are the most popular televised sport in the world and many robot contestants compete for the title of Best Metal Fighter in the World. Kurenai Ken, along with teammate Saeba Shôko (who was, at first, adamantly opposed), pilots the Super Robot Fighter, Red",
"psg_id": "7462538"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (ride)",
"text": "adults and seniors as well, for many years (Disneyland has been around since July 17, 1955 and Walt Disney World since October 1, 1971). Red Baron (ride) Red Baron is an amusement ride that is primarily intended for small children. It's a common kiddie ride at many amusement parks, carnivals, and fairs. The rider can move the gondola up and down manually. Many ride manufacturers make this type of ride; the Zamperla's \"Mini Jet\" is a common model of this ride. The \"Mini Jet\" ride comes in various themes such as elephants, dragons, airplanes, helicopters, spaceships, etc. Some of the",
"psg_id": "16289230"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron (2008 film)",
"text": "The Red Baron (2008 film) The Red Baron (also known by its original German title, Der rote Baron) is a 2008 German-British biographical action war film written and directed by Nikolai Müllerschön about the World War I fighter pilot Manfred von Richthofen, known as the \"Red Baron\". The film stars Matthias Schweighöfer, Joseph Fiennes, Til Schweiger and Lena Headey. \"The Red Baron\" was filmed entirely in English to improve its international commercial viability. In 1916, Manfred von Richthofen is serving as a fighter pilot with the Imperial German Air Service along the Western Front. After dropping a wreath over the",
"psg_id": "8484047"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "Lawrence and features the singer as a sex doll in three sexual fantasies. Sisqó did not appear in the video due to conflicts with his record label, Def Jam. Although music critics praised the visual, its treatment of sexuality elicited varied opinions from academics. It was also compared to music videos by other artists, including Minaj's 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\" and American rapper Missy Elliott's 1997 single \"The Rain (Supa Dupa Fly)\". In addition to the clip, Lil' Kim promoted \"How Many Licks?\" with live performances. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\" and wrote it with Lil'",
"psg_id": "8265547"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron (band)",
"text": "Records. The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \"My First Love\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and",
"psg_id": "18921471"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron (band)",
"text": "The Red Baron (band) The Red Baron was an American Christian and straight edge band, where they primarily played a hardcore punk styles of music. They come from West Palm Beach, Florida. The band started making music in 2004 and disbanded in 2009. The Red Baron was a Christian hardcore band from West Palm Beach, Florida, whose lead singer was Phil Porto. The started as a band in 2004, only to disband in 2009. The band commenced as a musician entity in 2004, with their only release, \"My First Love\", coming out on April 7, 2009, with Blood and Ink",
"psg_id": "18921470"
},
{
"title": "The Bloody Red Baron",
"text": "The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \"Anno Dracula\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known as the Red Baron. The story also features Edgar",
"psg_id": "11123229"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)",
"text": "novel \"The Bloody Red Baron\" (1995). The book features both the Red Baron and Snoopy, though the latter is deliberately unnamed in order to avoid copyright issues. Phil Gernhard, the joint composer of \"Snoopy\", had previously produced the original version of \"Stay\" by Maurice Williams & the Zodiacs, and later became the producer of singer-songwriter Lobo. Dick Holler's other big writing success, a notably marked contrast of styles to \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\", was the tribute song \"Abraham, Martin & John\", a 1968 hit for Dion. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" is a",
"psg_id": "10340819"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron II",
"text": "after finding out the coupon had no expiration date he took the coupon to a Food Lion and bought himself a Red Baron pizza with the coupon. Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \"Red Baron\", released in 1990. \"Red Baron II\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one",
"psg_id": "4362824"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)",
"text": "Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy and the Red Baron is an Atari 2600 game which features Peanuts character Snoopy and his aviation rival, the Red Baron. Snoopy and the Red Baron is a single player game with the player guiding Snoopy on his doghouse with four variations of difficulty to play. The objective is to shoot down Snoopy's rival, the Red Baron, controls being the stick to maneuver Snoopy and the button to fire. The game starts out with the player having four doghouses, otherwise known as lives. It takes eight hits to destroy the Red Baron,",
"psg_id": "16922023"
},
{
"title": "Aerial warfare in the Winter War",
"text": "VVS commitment. Finnish fighters shot down 240 confirmed Soviet aircraft, against the Finnish loss of 26. A Finnish forward air base often consisted of only a frozen lake, a windsock, a telephone set and some tents. Air-raid warnings were given by Finnish women organized by the Lotta Svärd. Finnish antiaircraft gunners shot down between 314 and 444 Soviet aircraft. The following Finnish pilots became aces (achieving five confirmed victories) during the war Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from",
"psg_id": "13567559"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)",
"text": "Red Baron\" and \"Snoopy's Christmas\" – together with other tunes such as \"Snoopy for President\". In 2006 they released \"Snoopy vs Osama\". \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" was inspired by the comic strip \"Peanuts\" by Charles Schulz, which featured a recurring storyline of Snoopy imagining himself in the role of a World War I airman fighting the Red Baron. The song was released approximately one year after the first comic strip featuring Snoopy fighting the Red Baron appeared on Sunday October 10, 1965. Schulz and United Features Syndicate sued the Royal Guardsmen for using the name Snoopy without permission or",
"psg_id": "10340813"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron II",
"text": "to peer online play. The game features many German, British, and French combat aircraft of World War I, and features pseudo-realistic flight physics and mechanics such as weapon malfunction, flak, engine damage, and pilot injury. The editors of \"Computer Gaming World\" nominated \"Red Baron II\"s \"Full Canvas Jacket\" mod for their 2003 \"Flight Simulation of the Year\" award, which ultimately went to \"\". Some copies of the game included a coupon for 75 cents off a 12 inch Red Baron pizza. In 2014, YouTube user Clint Basinger of Lazy Game Reviews found the coupon bundled in with the game and",
"psg_id": "4362823"
},
{
"title": "N104RB Red Baron",
"text": "N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the Starfighter by collecting and putting together myriad parts over a 13-year period. The cockpit side panels and some control column bearings of the Red Baron came from the very first production F-104A, which crashed in",
"psg_id": "15758858"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron II",
"text": "Red Baron II Red Baron II is a video game for the PC, developed by Dynamix and published by Sierra On-Line. It is the follow-up to the flight simulation \"Red Baron\", released in 1990. \"Red Baron II\" was released in 1997. The game features four modes of play: Fly Now (a quick combat mode); Single Mission which includes several missions and a mission generator to create new ones; Campaign mode, which features one of the only truly dynamic campaigns in a modern flight simulator and which replicated combat on the Western Front of Europe from 1916 through 1918; and peer",
"psg_id": "4362822"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (aircraft)",
"text": "Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \"Miss R.J.\" and \"Roto-Finish Special\", winning Unlimited Gold in 1972. In February 1974, it was purchased by Ed Browning of Red Baron Flying Service in Idaho Falls, Idaho and renamed the Red Baron. Browning hired two Lockheed engineers, Pete Law and Bruce Boland, and a team of other specialists made major modifications to the plane, including installation of a Rolls-Royce Griffon 57 engine and contra-rotating propellers from an Avro Shackleton. The larger engine required",
"psg_id": "15758179"
},
{
"title": "Dogfights (TV series)",
"text": "interviews, period documentary footage, and voice-over narration proved so successful, that the History Channel requested the production of an entire TV series, which became \"Dogfights\". The original special continues to air occasionally and has been recently updated to reflect the current series logo. In each episode, true historical dogfights of a certain battle or war are played out. Pilots from the actual fights are brought in to re-tell their accounts of the battles. Along with the battle, there are occasional scenes that describe the pilot's living conditions or events that have happened outside the battle. Each battle is told by",
"psg_id": "9341119"
},
{
"title": "Dogfights (TV series)",
"text": "and dissections of particular maneuvers are also presented. Jet and prop powered aircraft and ships from various eras from the First World War to the late 20th century are featured. The series often presents interviews of pilots and experts, so far mostly Americans or their allies such as a survivor of (as was a German survivor of \"Bismarck\"), though the first episode of the second season showed interviews with Japanese and German pilots. The series was created after the airing of a one-time special called \"Dogfights: The Greatest Air Battles\" in September 2005. That program's combination of realistic-looking CGI dogfights,",
"psg_id": "9341118"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)",
"text": "and eight hits from the Red Baron to have the player lose a doghouse. An alternate notion is to collect \"treats\" the Red Baron drops while falling, and to avoid skulls and crossbones. Touching the skulls and crossbones or being shot down will undo the player's progress in collecting treats. If the player collects all of the treats and downs all of the Red Barons, bonus points are rewarded. A Gold Baron is earned when the player downs fifty Red Barons. In the game, the Red Baron often flies above the clouds; however, Snoopy cannot fly above the clouds in",
"psg_id": "16922024"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "T. C. M. Tyree wrote that the focus on beauty standards in the video continued with Nicki Minaj's video for \"Stupid Hoe\". Lil' Kim rapped the first verses of \"How Many Licks?\" during a 2010 event at Irving Plaza. During the performance, she had a wardrobe malfunction and her top almost fell down. She also performed the song in 2012 as part of her Return of the Queen Tour, as well as during a one-night show at the Gramercy Theatre the following year, wearing a red bodysuit and long black hair. In 2013, American drag queen Alaska Thunderfuck sang a",
"psg_id": "8265565"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron (2008 film)",
"text": "lines with Brown's assistance and visits Richthofen's grave. She apologises for not coming sooner and expresses remorse for never telling him how much she loved him. A funeral wreath has been left by Captain Brown, reading \"To Manfred von Richtofen, Friend and Enemy.\" In credits order. A shooting schedule from 10 July 2006 to 3 October 2006 took place in the Czech Republic at Prague and surrounding areas as well as locations in France and Baden-Württemberg, Germany. In Postproduction, CGI was carried out by PIXOMONDO. To improve its chances on the international market, \"The Red Baron\" was filmed by Niama",
"psg_id": "8484054"
},
{
"title": "The Bloody Red Baron",
"text": "are described. The following list is far from complete. The Bloody Red Baron The Bloody Red Baron is a 1995 Alternate history/horror novel by British author Kim Newman. It is the second book in the \"Anno Dracula\" series and takes place during the Great War, 30 years after the first novel. The book takes place during World War I and explores the Diogenes Club's efforts to investigate Germany's attempt to make powerful, undead fliers. Heading up the German operations are the likes of Rotwang, Doctor Caligari and Doctor Mabuse. One of their more successful efforts is an undead flier known",
"psg_id": "11123231"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "cover version of \"How Many Licks?\", which Josh Middleton of the \"Philadelphia\" praised as \"outstanding\". Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"The Notorious K.I.M.\". How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex",
"psg_id": "8265566"
},
{
"title": "How Did I Get Here?",
"text": "compilation album. How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a",
"psg_id": "8362480"
},
{
"title": "How Did I Get Here?",
"text": "How Did I Get Here? How Did I Get Here? is a 1999 compilation album by Badly Drawn Boy. The album was created for American and Japanese audiences who were yet to be exposed to the artist. The album contains many tracks from his fourth and fifth Eps and the entire CD version of his third EP, \"EP 3\". The album features the one of only two CD versions of Badly Drawn Boy's fourth single \"\"Whirlpool\"\", an instrumental featuring production by Andy Votel which was only released on vinyl with a limited pressing; the other being on a Twisted Nerve",
"psg_id": "8362479"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (ride)",
"text": "Kings Island Amusement Park, or the one in Six Flags Discovery Kingdom in Vallejo, California. In quite a few other \"Red Baron\" type kiddie rides, adults and parents are allowed to ride on the rides, such as \"The Busy Bees\" and \"Amazing Flying Elephants\" at Dollywood in Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, or at the Red Baron Ride at Funderland in Sacramento, California. Another place where adults can ride on a Red Baron type ride is at Disneyland and Walt Disney World, where Dumbo the Flying Elephant has been a perennial favorite of not only toddlers, preschoolers and young children, but teenagers,",
"psg_id": "16289229"
},
{
"title": "N104RB Red Baron",
"text": "a lock light on the left wheel; after multiple touch-and-go tests at an Edwards Air Force Base runway, he determined that it was not safe to land. He ejected, and N104RB crashed in the desert. N104RB Red Baron The Red Baron was a highly modified Lockheed F-104 Starfighter which set a FAI Class C-1 Group III 3 km speed record of , in 1977 which still stands. It was assembled by Darryl Greenamyer and sponsored by Ed Browning and the Red Baron Flying Service of Idaho Falls, Idaho. The aircraft was destroyed in an accident in 1978. Greenamyer built the",
"psg_id": "15758862"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "\"a celebration of autonomous female sexuality\" to a \"vulgar, demeaning moment of black female objectification\". Some critics compared \"How Many Licks?\" to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". Alex Kristelis of \"Bustle\" noted that both songs focused on men's appreciation of the singer's body. A \"Khaleej Times\" writer called \"Anaconda\" a \"blatant copy\" of \"How Many Licks?\", with Minaj's song sharing \"the lyrical blue print and theme\" of Lil' Kim's. \"Westword\"'s Cory Lamz wrote that Minaj parodied \"How Many Licks?\" and its associated visuals in the music video for her 2011 single \"Stupid Hoe\". According to Michael Arceneaux, \"How",
"psg_id": "8265556"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (aircraft)",
"text": "from the fire, yet Hinton survived with a broken back, leg, and ankle. His survival is attributed by one of the lead engineers, Pete Law, to additional braces and a roll bar installed on the cockpit. The \"Red Baron\" was destroyed in the crash. Steve Hinton's company, Fighter Rebuilders, moved the dataplate, tailnumber 413334, and registration number NL7715C to P-51D serial number 44-73053, \"Wee Willy II\". Red Baron (aircraft) The Red Baron was a North American P-51D Mustang NL7715C, original serial number 44-84961. It raced from 1966 to 1973 under the names \"Miss R.J.\" and \"Roto-Finish Special\", winning Unlimited Gold",
"psg_id": "15758183"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (1990 video game)",
"text": "\"Great Warplanes Series\" that Sierra published. The press discussed the competition between \"Red Baron\" and MicroProse's \"Knights of the Sky\". In 1997, Sierra officially released the 16-color version of \"Red Baron\" as a free download on their website as a promotion. On October 22, 2013, an unsuccessful Kickstarter campaign was started to fund a re-release of \"Red Baron\". Slye later said that \"Red Baron\"s success made Dynamix become known as a developer of flight simulators. Warren Spector—producer of Origin Systems's WW1 simulation \"Wings of Glory\"—was a fan, calling it \"an astonishing accomplishment\". \"Computer Gaming World\" approved of \"Red Baron\"s accurate",
"psg_id": "3211200"
},
{
"title": "Baron Sinha",
"text": "baron in 1989, though he did not file a formal claim to the title. He died young and without issue three years later. The fourth baron was succeeded in the barony by his uncle, a retired sales manager and the younger son of the second baron. Prior to the death of the fourth baron, however, it was thought that his uncle, the heir presumptive, had predeceased his nephew, possibly without heirs. Desiring to keep his new status a secret, the new Lord Sinha did not register his claim with the British authorities. In 1996, the fourth baron's sister notified the",
"psg_id": "2713001"
},
{
"title": "Cesare Magistrini",
"text": "he was engaging in serious dogfights, during one of which he was seriously wounded but continued fighting. On 10 May 1917, he was awarded a Silver Medal for Military Valor for his tenacity in this engagement. Nevertheless, the wound did not prevent him from scoring his first aerial victory on 17 June, when he forced an enemy Albatros to land. On 18 July, Magistrini backed Guido Nardini on the latter's victory, but Magistrini's own victory claim for participation was denied. He would stake one more unconfirmed claim before transferring to \"91a Squadriglia\" on 1 November. On 23 November, Magistrini shared",
"psg_id": "13892410"
},
{
"title": "Flying Ace Aerial Chase",
"text": "Flying Ace Aerial Chase Flying Ace Aerial Chase is a Suspended Family Coaster designed and built by Vekoma. The roller coaster debuted at Kings Island in 2001, and was followed by another identical installation that launched at Carowinds in 2003. Originally, both rides opened as Rugrats Runaway Reptar, themed to the Nickelodeon animated television series \"Rugrats\" and its two-part episode \"Runaway Reptar\". Following Cedar Fair's acquisition of both parks in 2006, both were eventually re-themed to the \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" comic strip series in the 1960s by \"Peanuts\" creator Charles Schulz, undergoing a name change in the process.",
"psg_id": "14903406"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)",
"text": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \"Peanuts\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the Flying Circus: Jagdgeschwader 1, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and other enemies of the war. Planned releases for the Xbox and GameCube were cancelled due to low sales and",
"psg_id": "9122698"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game)",
"text": "limited resources, respectively. The PSP version received \"generally favorable reviews\", while the PlayStation 2 and PC versions received \"average\" reviews according to video game review aggregator Metacritic. Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (video game) Snoopy vs. the Red Baron is a flight combat game released on the PlayStation 2, PlayStation Portable, and PC in 2006. As the name implies, the protagonist is Snoopy, the dog in Charles M. Schulz's comic strip, \"Peanuts\". The game is based on one of the most famous Snoopy alter egos: a World War I flying ace battling against Manfred von Richthofen, the Red Baron, the",
"psg_id": "9122699"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy and the Red Baron (video game)",
"text": "the play setting. An exclamation mark appears whenever one million points are scored. \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" was released in 1983. This game play-tested better than the Atari 2600 game \"Bugs Bunny\", therefore \"Bugs Bunny\" was shelved, allowing \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" to enter the market. The game was released with a Children's Computer Workshop cartridge label, which was used on very few games for the Atari 2600. \"Snoopy and the Red Baron\" was the only released game in Atari's \"Peanuts\" video game series, having a planned but unreleased game titled \"Good Luck, Charlie Brown\". Snoopy and the",
"psg_id": "16922025"
},
{
"title": "How Many Birds",
"text": "How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the Bee Gees in 1966 for the \"Spicks and Specks\" album. Recording took place at St. Clair Studios, Hurstville outside Sydney. The song was recorded on one-track tape machines and required the use of sound-on-sound for all overdubs. \"How Many Birds\" was recorded around April and May 1966 as part of the sessions for what became the Spicks and Specks album. The song starts with a guitar riff and the chord became E as Barry sings the introduction. After Barry sings the lines, the song",
"psg_id": "17736986"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "How Many Licks? \"How Many Licks?\" is a song by American rapper Lil' Kim featuring vocals by American musician Sisqó from her second studio album, \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" (2000). It was released as the record's second single in 2000. Mario Winans and Sean Combs produced \"How Many Licks?\", and wrote it with Lil' Kim and Sisqó. The hip hop song samples the \"Knight Rider\" theme song, with lyrics expressing a woman's desire for oral sex and her sexual relationships with a variety of men. The chorus is a reference to the advertising slogan for Tootsie Pops. A remix by The",
"psg_id": "8265545"
},
{
"title": "How Many Fucks",
"text": "How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living carefree and without doubt. After its release,",
"psg_id": "19466865"
},
{
"title": "How Many Fucks",
"text": "\"How Many Fucks\" received positive reviews from music critics, with some complimenting its \"sexy\" appeal. A music video was released the same day of the single release, and featured Jayne in several \"risqué\" outfits. \"How Many Fucks\" was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while its production was handled by Adam \"Gage\" Bruce. As described by Jennifer Pearson of \"Daily Mail\" stated that the single would likely \"lift her from relative obscurity\" and joked that the lyrics \"drop[ped] the F-bomb several times to answer that question,\" referring to the song's title. Musically, \"How Many Fucks\" is a pop rap",
"psg_id": "19466866"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron (custom car)",
"text": "The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed in Lincoln, Nebraska. It later",
"psg_id": "18030412"
},
{
"title": "The Red Baron (custom car)",
"text": "inspired a Hot Wheels car. The Red Baron (custom car) The Red Baron was a custom t-bucket hot rod built in 1969. The project was designed by Tom Daniel and built by Chuck Miller at Styline Customs. The car was inspired by a Monogram model kit that Tom Daniel had designed which was on display at the 1967 Chicago Toy Fair. Seeing the popularity of the kit, Monogram arranged to have a full-size version built. The car became a hit touring the custom car show circuit in the 1970s. It now resides at the Smith Collection Museum of American Speed",
"psg_id": "18030413"
},
{
"title": "Baron Sinha",
"text": "British press that her uncle was still alive and resident in England. He was duly recognised as the fifth Baron Sinha, but continued to refuse his claim to the peerage. On the death of the fifth baron in 1999, he was succeeded by his elder son, the present sixth baron, who did not claim his seat in the House of Lords before most hereditary peers lost their right to sit in parliament as a result of the House of Lords Act 1999. The sixth baron continues to claim the title as of 2015. The current holder of the title, Arup",
"psg_id": "2713002"
},
{
"title": "How Many Fucks",
"text": "Housewives of Beverly Hills\"'s co-star, Lisa Vanderpump. How Many Fucks \"How Many Fucks\" (censored as \"How Many F**ks\") is a song recorded by American singer Erika Jayne for her upcoming second studio album. Released as the album's lead single, the song was first distributed digitally on April 19, 2016, accompanied by the simultaneous release of a music video. In the video, Jayne performed \"seductive\" dance moves and wore \"risqué\" costumes. The song was written by Justin Tranter and Myah Marie, while Adam \"Gage\" Bruce solely produced the track. Musically, the single is a pop-rap and EDM track that discusses living",
"psg_id": "19466870"
},
{
"title": "How Many Words",
"text": "13, 2008. Lewis performed the song live on the March 6, 2008 results show of the seventh season of \"American Idol\". The single has sold 94,000 copies to date. How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the",
"psg_id": "11647283"
},
{
"title": "How Many Words",
"text": "How Many Words \"How Many Words\" is the official second single by the singer-songwriter Blake Lewis, from his debut album \"A.D.D. (Audio Day Dream)\". The song was expected to be followed by \"Know My Name\", and then \"Without You\". However, due to being dropped by Arista Records, \"How Many Words\" is the final single from his debut album. He is expected to release a single from his second album at the end of 2009. The single was released to mainstream radio format on March 10, 2008. Also, an EP featuring remixes of the song was released onto iTunes on May",
"psg_id": "11647282"
},
{
"title": "James Enstone",
"text": "how to list a claim, Aerial victory standards of World War I can be instructive. Please supply source(s) of information for entries. Present list is based on Shores \"et al.\" (1990), p. 150, with additional sources noted for specific instances. James Enstone Captain Albert James Enstone (29 August 1895 – 4 October 1963) was a British World War I flying ace. Various sources credit him with differing air victory scores. In one text, he is credited with 13 confirmed aerial victories and driving down 11 other German aircraft, including three Gotha bombers. Another source claims 15 confirmed aerial victories; ten",
"psg_id": "14202827"
},
{
"title": "Super Robot Red Baron",
"text": "Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \"Robot Empire\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother Ken Kureinai. Ken is a member of SSI (Secret Science Investigation), a highly skilled team of scientists that practice ninjitsu, and uses Red Baron to aid the team in their efforts to stop the Iron Masked Party from taking over",
"psg_id": "11009280"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)",
"text": "an advertising license. (The Guardsmen, meanwhile, hedged their bets by recording an alternative version of the song, called \"Squeaky vs. the Black Knight\"; some copies of this version were issued by Laurie Records in Canada.) UFS won the suit, the penalty being that all publishing revenues from the song would go to them. Schulz did allow the group to write more Snoopy songs. The song begins with a background commentary in faux German: \"Achtung! Jetzt wir singen zusammen die Geschichte über den Schweinköpfigen Hund und den lieben Red Baron,\" which is a purposeful mistranslation of the English: \"Attention! We will",
"psg_id": "10340814"
},
{
"title": "Aerial ramming",
"text": "sullen Sgt. Major Takuwa said to him \"The B-24 was going down. Kamiguchi did not need to ram it!\" I. Hata, Y. Izawa, and C. Shores in \"Japanese Army Air Force Fighter Units and Their Aces 1939–1945\" includes the biography of Capt. Ito of the 64th Sentai which states: “He later transferred to the 3rd Chutai, and was to claim eight victories, including a B-24 over Rangoon on 26 October 1943.” According to Ichimura, Sgt. Maj. Takuwa's account was not included in this source as only aces with nine or more victories were given a biography in the book. On",
"psg_id": "14989016"
},
{
"title": "Aerial warfare in the Winter War",
"text": "Aerial warfare in the Winter War The aerial warfare in the Winter War was the aerial aspect of the Winter War between Finland and the Soviet Union from 30 November 1939 to 13 March 1940. While the Soviet air forces greatly outnumbered the Finnish Air Force, the Soviet bombing campaign was largely ineffective, and Finnish pilots and antiaircraft gunners inflicted significant losses on the Soviets. The Soviet Union enjoyed air superiority throughout the war. The Soviet Air Force, supported the Red Army's invasion with about 2,500 aircraft of the Soviet Air Forces, (the most common of which was the Tupolev",
"psg_id": "13567550"
},
{
"title": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song)",
"text": "Snoopy vs. the Red Baron (song) \"Snoopy vs. the Red Baron\" is a novelty song written by Phil Gernhard and Dick Holler and recorded in 1966 by the Florida-based pop group The Royal Guardsmen. The song was recorded at the Charles Fuller Productions studio in Tampa, Florida, and was released as a single on Laurie Records. Bowing at #122 on the Bubbling Under the Hot 100 on December 10, 1966, the single skyrocketed to #30 on December 17, 1966 , shot up again to #7 on December 24, 1966 , and peaked at #2 on the Hot 100 during the",
"psg_id": "10340811"
},
{
"title": "How Did This Get Made?",
"text": "has hosted episodes of its own spin-off podcast \"How Did This Get Made? Origin Stories\" in which Blake Harris interviews people involved with the films covered by the main show. In December 2017, an episode was recorded for the Pee Cast Blast event, and released exclusively on Stitcher Premium. How Did This Get Made? How Did This Get Made? (HDTGM) is a podcast on the Earwolf network. It is hosted by Paul Scheer, June Diane Raphael and Jason Mantzoukas. Each show, which typically has a different guest, features the deconstruction and mockery of outlandish and bad films. The hosts and",
"psg_id": "18181356"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "VH1 wrote that the single and other tracks from \"The Notorious K.I.M.\" have a \"glossier and far more commercial\" sound than the rapper's previous releases. The lyrics of \"How Many Licks?\" are part of a movement in 1990s hip hop music to express sexuality positively. Sexuality studies professor Thomas A. Foster wrote that Lil' Kim reverses a trend in hip hop music which objectifies women for the male gaze and celebrates male sexuality. Gender studies scholar Aine McGlynn described \"How Many Licks?\" as one of the most sexually-explicit songs to receive airplay. The lyrics describe a woman's interest in oral",
"psg_id": "8265550"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "Neptunes has additional vocals from American artists Kelis, Lil' Cease, and Snoop Dogg. \"How Many Licks?\" was praised by music critics after its release and in retrospective reviews; the Neptunes remix also received positive reviews. However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the song's treatment of black female sexuality. Commentators compared its content to Trinidadian-American rapper Nicki Minaj's 2014 single, \"Anaconda\". \"How Many Licks?\" peaked at number 75 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart and charted in several other countries, but was not as commercially successful as Lil' Kim's previous releases. The song's music video was directed by Francis",
"psg_id": "8265546"
},
{
"title": "How Many Birds",
"text": "gets faster. The singer states that he's lonely without his girl and doesn't know what to do. The Kids covered the song the same year, lead vocalist Michael Griffith and Tony Borg singing to the Bee Gees backing tracks. The Kids never recorded again but the fact that they chose this song to record proves that the Saint Clair tapes were not discarded when the studio closed, and were presumably in Nat Kipner's hands. But Kipner today has no idea where they went to. How Many Birds \"How Many Birds\" is a song written by Barry Gibb, recorded by the",
"psg_id": "17736987"
},
{
"title": "How Many Drinks?",
"text": "2013. It has since peaked at #69 on the week of July 20, 2013, and spent a total of 20 weeks on the chart. How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark",
"psg_id": "17173777"
},
{
"title": "How Many Drinks?",
"text": "How Many Drinks? \"How Many Drinks?\" is a song by American recording artist Miguel, taken from his critically acclaimed second studio album, \"Kaleidoscope Dream\". The song was produced by Salaam Remi. A remixed single featuring Kendrick Lamar on an added third verse was released as the album's third single on March 3, 2013. It received a nomination for Best R&B Performance at the 56th Grammy Awards held in January 2014. The music video, directed by Clark Jackson, was released on April 22, 2013 on VEVO. The song debuted at 88 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on week ending May 4,",
"psg_id": "17173776"
},
{
"title": "Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories during World War II",
"text": "over friendly territory a damaged aircraft may have been claimed as an aerial victory by its opponent while the aircraft was later salvaged and restored to an operational status. In this situation the loss may not appear in the records while the claim remains confirmed. Overclaiming can also occur for political or propaganda reasons. It was common for both sides to inflate figures for \"kills\" or deflate figures for losses in broadcasts and news reports. Overclaiming during World War II has been the centre of much scrutiny, partly because of the significant amount of air combat relative to other conflicts.",
"psg_id": "12060156"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron Airlines",
"text": "Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from the University of Florida",
"psg_id": "11451343"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron Airlines",
"text": "on September 12, 1980. Red Baron Airlines Red Baron Airlines was a small U.S. regional airline based at Palm Beach International Airport and operating solely within Florida. It was started as a joint venture between Clive E. Roberson and Rudolph P. Scheerer. It was a member of the Commuter Airline Association of America. It offered weekday flights starting in the morning from West Palm Beach, Florida and stopping in Gainesville, Florida before continuing to Tallahassee, Florida. In the afternoon the route was the reverse. The airline was expecting to benefit from the large number of students that would travel to/from",
"psg_id": "11451345"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (1980 video game)",
"text": "\"Red Baron\" was released as part of the \"\" title for Windows, and later on the Xbox & PlayStation 2 in \"Atari Anthology\". This version included parts of the cabinet art surrounding the game screen. The game is also available on Atari Greatest Hits Volume 2 for the DS. Red Baron (1980 video game) Red Baron is an arcade game developed by Atari, Inc and released in 1980. A first-person flight simulator game, the player takes the role of a World War I ace in a biplane fighting on the side of the Allies. The game is named after the",
"psg_id": "6029151"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (1980 video game)",
"text": "(AVG) circuit boards and by switching the PROM's they could be interchanged (with very minor jumper additions). \"Red Baron\" and \"Battlezone\" use different auxiliary boards which are not interchangeable. \"Electronic Games\" reported that \"Red Baron\" was not successful in arcades despite \"gorgeous quadra-scan graphics and magnificent audio frills\", and expressed hope that \"this marvelous flight simulator with a combat theme will re-emerge in home format some day\". While playing \"Red Baron\" in 1982, Bill Stealey and Sid Meier decided to create what became MicroProse's first game, \"Hellcat Ace\". The company later obtained the unit they had played as a memento.",
"psg_id": "6029150"
},
{
"title": "How Many More Times",
"text": "How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page used bowed guitar. In an interview he gave to \"Guitar World\" magazine in 1993, Page stated that the song \"was",
"psg_id": "7319702"
},
{
"title": "How Many More Years",
"text": "the central guitar lick in rock 'n' roll, and that's the first time we heard that played on a distorted guitar. It was an old big band lick, turned into something completely fresh. How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in",
"psg_id": "17274670"
},
{
"title": "How Many More Times",
"text": "Wolf's \"How Many More Years\" (1951), as well as other songs by blues musicians he admired at the time of recording. In 1970, \"How Many More Times\" was dropped from Led Zeppelin's typical setlist, although they continued to perform it on occasion until the early stages of their 1975 North American tour, when it was re-introduced in full as a result of Jimmy Page's injured finger, which temporarily prevented him from playing the more challenging \"Dazed and Confused\". In a contemporary review for \"Led Zeppelin\" on release, John Mendelsohn of \"Rolling Stone\" called \"How Many More Times\" as the album's",
"psg_id": "7319704"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (1980 video game)",
"text": "versions of \"Battlezone\" (also released in 1980) and \"Red Baron\" share the same cabinet. In \"Battlezone\", the player looks through a window that was shaped like a tank periscope. Side-view windows were available on both sides for people not playing the game to watch the action. \"Battlezone\" utilizes a two-way mirror to superimpose the monitor display (mounted horizontally) on a tank \"interior\" background. Although \"Red Baron\" uses the same cabinet as \"Battlezone\", no mirror is used and the monitor is mounted vertically, with the player viewing the display directly. \"Battlezone\" and \"Red Baron\" both used the same \"Analog Vector Generator\"",
"psg_id": "6029149"
},
{
"title": "How Many More Times",
"text": "\"most representative cut\". Mendelsohn complimented Page's guitar solo and Bonham's drumming but criticized Plant's vocals, calling them \"strained and unconvincing\". How Many More Times \"How Many More Times\" is the ninth and final track on English rock band Led Zeppelin's 1969 debut album \"Led Zeppelin\". The song is credited in the album liner to Jimmy Page, John Paul Jones, and John Bonham, but Robert Plant was later added to the ASCAP credits. At eight and a half minutes, \"How Many More Times\" is the longest song on the album. It is one of three Led Zeppelin songs on which Page",
"psg_id": "7319705"
},
{
"title": "How Many More Years",
"text": "How Many More Years \"How Many More Years\" is a blues song written and originally recorded by Howlin' Wolf (born Chester Burnett) in July 1951. Recorded at the Memphis Recording Service – which later became the Sun Studio – it was released by Chess Records and reached no.4 on the \"Billboard\" R&B chart. Musician and record producer T-Bone Burnett has described \"How Many More Years\" as \"in some ways... the first rock’n’roll song...\". It was a double-sided hit with \"Moanin' at Midnight\", which reached no.10 on the R&B chart. After military service, Chester Burnett performed as a blues singer and",
"psg_id": "17274665"
},
{
"title": "The Baron of Arizona",
"text": "The Baron of Arizona The Baron of Arizona is a 1950 American Western film directed by Samuel Fuller and starring Vincent Price and Ellen Drew. The film concerns a master forger's attempted use of false documents to lay claim to the territory of Arizona late in the 19th century. It is based on the case of James Reavis, whose scheme came close to success, but many of the film's details are fictionalized. The notorious attempt by swindler James Reavis to claim the entire territory of Arizona as his own before it was granted statehood in 1912 is recounted years later",
"psg_id": "11248458"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "song as an example of how Sisqó pushed the envelope of sexuality in popular culture. Brittany Vincent of \"Billboard\" noted it as an example of how the rapper was unafraid of exploring sex in her music. An editor for Apple Music included the song on its \"Lil' Kim Essentials\" playlist, writing that Lil Kim' \"more than held her own as an agile and self-possessed MC who pushed hip-hop toward its unalloyed id\". However, African-American studies professor Mark Anthony Neal criticized the single for perpetuating the sexual objectification of women. Comparing \"How Many Licks?\" with American singer Tweet's 2002 song \"Oops",
"psg_id": "8265554"
},
{
"title": "Aerial photography",
"text": "artistic projects. An example of how aerial photography is used in the field of archaeology is the mapping project done at the site Angkor Borei in Cambodia from 1995–1996. Using aerial photography, archaeologists were able to identify archaeological features, including 112 water features (reservoirs, artificially constructed pools and natural ponds) within the walled site of Angkor Borei. In the United States, aerial photographs are used in many Phase I Environmental Site Assessments for property analysis. In the United States, except when necessary for take off and landing, full-sized manned aircraft are prohibited from flying at altitudes under 1000 feet over",
"psg_id": "2150414"
},
{
"title": "How Did This Get Made?",
"text": "This is often referenced in \"How Did This Get Made\", often by Jason and June, annoyed at how they hadn't been invited to host this new podcast, instead being subjected to the bad films that HDTGM cover. The show is released every two weeks. During the show's off week, a \".5\" episode is uploaded featuring Scheer announcing the next week's movie as well as challenges for the fans. In addition to the shows and mini-shows, the \"How Did This Get Made?\" stream hosted the first three episodes of Casey Wilson and Danielle Schneider's \"Bitch Sesh\" podcast in December 2015. It",
"psg_id": "18181355"
},
{
"title": "Dogfight",
"text": "which at the time was the fifth largest in the world. By the second day of the war, the Coalition achieved air superiority. Many dogfights occurred during the short conflict, often involving many planes. By the end of January, 1991, the term \"furball\" became a popular word to describe the hectic situation of many dogfights, occurring at the same time within the same relatively small airspace. By the end of the war, the U.S. claimed 39 Iraqi aircraft in air-to-air victories to the loss of only one F/A-18 and one drone. Of the 39 victories, 36 were taken by F-15",
"psg_id": "2615620"
},
{
"title": "Red Baron (1990 video game)",
"text": "flying newer aircraft. Depending on how well the player does, they can be assigned to an aerodrome that has a famous ace and can fly missions with them, and depending on the time period and the location of the aerodrome, the player can encounter the famous enemy aces that were in the area during that time period. A multiplayer version of the game was available on The Sierra Network. Two to four pilots competed in games lasting for ten minutes or three deaths. Sierra acquired Dynamix while \"Red Baron\" was being developed, and it became the first game in Dynamix's",
"psg_id": "3211199"
},
{
"title": "How Many Miles to Babylon?",
"text": "How Many Miles to Babylon? \"How Many Miles to Babylon\" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 8148. The accepted modern lyrics are: <poem>How many miles to Babylon? Three score miles and ten. Can I get there by candle-light? Yes, and back again.. If your heels are nimble and your toes are light, You may get there by candle-light.</poem> A longer Scottish version has the lyrics: <poem>King and Queen of Cantelon, How many miles to Babylon? Eight and eight, and other eight. Will I get there by candle-light? If your horse be",
"psg_id": "13231793"
},
{
"title": "Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts",
"text": "Robert L. Chidlaw-Roberts Flight Lieutenant Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts (9 May 1896 – 1 June 1989) was a British World War I flying ace credited with ten aerial victories. During his aerial combat career, and in different dogfights, he engaged two famous German aces; he was one of the British pilots who downed Werner Voss, and on 9 January 1918, he shot down and killed Max Ritter von Muller. He also served in the Royal Air Force during and after World War II. Robert Leslie Chidlaw-Roberts was born in Towyn, Wales in May 1896. Chidlaw-Roberts attended the Royal Military College, Sandhurst,",
"psg_id": "14587989"
},
{
"title": "Tsarist officers in the Red Army",
"text": "Red Army. There are tens of thousands of old colonels and other officers in its ranks. If we had not taken them into service and them work for us, we could not have created the Army...only with their help was the Red Army able to win the victories that it did.\" Immediately following the conflict the former Tsarists made up the majority of the General Staff Academy's faculty and constituted over 90 percent of all instructional and administrative staff at military schools. The Stavka was organised in a manner very similar to its Tsarist antecedent and much of the military",
"psg_id": "20480727"
},
{
"title": "Red Shadows",
"text": "traps, such as machine gun nests and anti-personnel mines with the use of other kinds of traps such as broken bridges, piranhas and grenades tied from nests above trees. Both Baron Ironblood and the Black Major weed out candidates not worthy of being Red Shadow soldiers by letting them die in the traps or shoot them with small arms. The Red Shadows weapons, vehicles and armoury consisted of: The Roboskull was an aircraft-cum-spacecraft designed exclusively by Palitoy as representative of the Red Shadows aerial threat. Piloted by the Red Wolf character, it was similar to the \"Star Wars\" TIE fighter",
"psg_id": "9773464"
},
{
"title": "How Many Licks?",
"text": "a Little Doe\", a track from her 1996 album \"Hard Core\", and a remix of the American trio Intro's 1995 single \"Funny How Time Flies\". The rapper further introduces herself as \"the female Mack\". \"How Many Licks?\" received primarily positive reviews from music critics following its release and during retrospective reviews. Commentators praised the single for its sexual content. Michelle Goldberg of \"Salon\" wrote that Lil' Kim maintained a focus on her \"playfully ripe side\" from \"Hard Core\". Noisey's Adria Young referred to its lyrics in 2015 as \"some of the rap diva’s most raunchy verses to date\", citing the",
"psg_id": "8265553"
},
{
"title": "Super Robot Red Baron",
"text": "the world. Later in the series, the Iron Masked Party is revealed to be an organization from Mars and led by the renegade super computer Garis Q and intends to destroy the world as practice before taking over the universe. Super Robot Red Baron The show is set in the early 21st century where the Iron Masked Party, led by Dr. Devilar, steals giant robots built all over the world from an exhibition and kidnap their creators to form a \"Robot Empire\". Scientist Kenichiro Kurenai, foreseeing his capture, turns over his own super robot, Red Baron, to his younger brother",
"psg_id": "11009281"
}
] | [
"80",
"eighty"
] |
which great guitarist had the first names aaron thibodaux? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area",
"text": "the MSA was $35,073, and the median income for a family was $40,208. Males had a median income of $34,735 versus $20,095 for females. The per capita income for the MSA was $15,930. The Houma-Thibodaux-Bayou Cane region's economy is strongly oriented toward the production of petroleum and natural gas. It is notable that during the Great Recession, the region maintained low unemployment rates. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, the region registered a 3.5% unemployment rate in February 2009, the lowest of any metro area in the United States. Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area The Houma-Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical",
"psg_id": "7654560"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "1979 until 2011. The company sold this and other regional newspapers to Halifax Media Group. Cable television and Internet are provided in Thibodaux by Reserve Telecommunications, AT&T, and Charter Spectrum. Thibodaux, Louisiana Thibodaux ( ) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States, along the banks of Bayou Lafourche in the northwestern part of the parish. The population was 14,567 at the 2010 census. Thibodaux is a principal city of the Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thibodaux is nicknamed \"Queen City of Lafourche.\" The first European colonists were French, who settled here in the",
"psg_id": "1084034"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "longtime friend and supporter of Thibodaux in previous elections, decided to enter the race, the Republican party gave Boustany the endorsement. Thibodaux endorsed Boustany in the general election, who went on to defeat State Senator Willie Mount of Lake Charles with 55 percent of the vote, and became the first Republican elected to represent Louisiana's 7th District. In 2008, then State Senator Donald R. Cravins, Jr., lost his bid against Boustany. After Thibodaux's death, Boustany stated that Thibodaux's death was \"a great loss for the people of Lafayette Parish, particularly for those of us who were proud to call him",
"psg_id": "10016031"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "1965 to 1972, before he was elected to his first of four terms as governor of Louisiana. Edwards supported his protégé, John Breaux, to run as his successor. Breaux held the seat until 1986 before being elected to the U.S. Senate for the first of three terms in which he became one of the nation's most influential legislators. Breaux then supported Jimmy Hayes of Lafayette, who won the seat as his successor in 1986. Thibodaux lost his 1990 bid to the two-term incumbent Hayes. Thibodaux received almost 70,000 votes, nearly 40 percent of the vote. In 1996, Thibodaux launched a",
"psg_id": "10016026"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "Thibodaux, Louisiana Thibodaux ( ) is a city in and the parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Louisiana, United States, along the banks of Bayou Lafourche in the northwestern part of the parish. The population was 14,567 at the 2010 census. Thibodaux is a principal city of the Houma–Bayou Cane–Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area. Thibodaux is nicknamed \"Queen City of Lafourche.\" The first European colonists were French, who settled here in the 18th century when the area was claimed as part of La Louisiane. They imported African slaves as workers and developed sugar cane plantations. This was incorporated as a town in",
"psg_id": "1084019"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux massacre",
"text": "private property, with plans for examination and proper burial in volunteered churchyards of any victims found. In May 2017 the Thibodaux City Council officially condemned the violence and acknowledged that the event occurred. The Lafourche Parish Council did likewise in November 2017. \"The Thibodaux Massacre: Racial Violence and the 1887 Sugar Cane Labor Strike\" a book released in Nov. 2016 by The History Press written by John DeSantis, provides eyewitness accounts obtained from documents in the U.S. National Archives and names eight of the victims. It also provides a detailed history of a U.S. Civil War veteran who was wounded",
"psg_id": "15757909"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "to serve a full term in the election that fall. In 2011, the Lafayette Parish School System announced the opening of the David Thibodaux Career and Technical High School. The mission of the new school was to provide students career and technical industry-based certification and college credit, which was a vision Thibodaux had fought for in the years before his death. At the time of his death, Roger F. Villere, Jr., chairman of the Louisiana Republican Party, heralded Thibodaux as a pioneer of the GOP in southwestern Louisiana. Disenfranchised with the controlling Democratic Party due to widespread corruption throughout the",
"psg_id": "10016023"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux High School",
"text": "Thibodaux High School Thibodaux High School (THS) is a public high school serving students in grades 9–12 in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States about 75 miles southwest of New Orleans. It is one of three high schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. It serves: Thibodaux, Ward 6 (including Chackbay and Choctaw), and Kraemer (a.k.a. Bayou Boeuf). The school was founded circa 1908 at the site of what is now Thibodaux Elementary School. One of its first principals was L. L. Broussard. Later the school was moved a block away to the current site of East Thibodaux Middle School. In 1967,",
"psg_id": "11472557"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux High School",
"text": "including: Thibodaux High won a football state championship in 1991. Thibodaux High School Thibodaux High School (THS) is a public high school serving students in grades 9–12 in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States about 75 miles southwest of New Orleans. It is one of three high schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. It serves: Thibodaux, Ward 6 (including Chackbay and Choctaw), and Kraemer (a.k.a. Bayou Boeuf). The school was founded circa 1908 at the site of what is now Thibodaux Elementary School. One of its first principals was L. L. Broussard. Later the school was moved a block away to",
"psg_id": "11472559"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "1830 under the name Thibodauxville, in honor of local planter Henry Schuyler Thibodaux. He provided land for the village center and served as acting governor of Louisiana in 1824. The area was developed in the antebellum period for sugar cane plantations, and Thibodaux was the trading center of the agricultural area. The name was changed to Thibodeaux in 1838. The current spelling Thibodaux was officially adopted in 1918. In 1896, the first rural free delivery of mail in Louisiana began in Thibodaux. It was the second such RFD in the United States. In October 1862, following the Battle of Georgia",
"psg_id": "1084020"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "Janet Thibodaux (November 15, 1932 – January 27, 2006). He graduated from Cathedral Carmel Catholic High School in Lafayette. He received his Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts degrees from ULL, (then known as the University of Southwestern Louisiana). He obtained his Ph.D. from Kansas State University in Manhattan, Kansas, before he joined the UL Lafayette faculty in 1980. In addition to his father, Thibodaux was survived by his wife, the former Melody Faul; five children, Benjamin Albert Thibodaux and his wife, the former Wendi Robertson, Shannon Ashley Thibodaux, Jeremy David Thibodaux, Claire Michaelle Thibodaux, and Rachel Christine Thibodaux;",
"psg_id": "10016035"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "in Thibodaux. The United States Postal Service operates the Thibodaux Post Office. ZIP codes for Thibodaux are 70301, 70302, and 70310. Thibodaux's area code is 985. Residents are zoned to schools in the Lafourche Parish Public Schools. Zoned elementary schools include: Zoned middle schools include: Thibodaux residents are zoned to Thibodaux High School. Catholic schools include: Colleges: From 1950 until 1968 C.M. Washington High School served as the segregated school for African Americans in Thibodaux. The local newspaper is \"The Daily Comet\". It was founded in 1889 as \"Lafourche Comet\". It was owned by The New York Times Company from",
"psg_id": "1084033"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "and Jimmy; and his lifelong friend Alfred Boustany; said that Thibodaux \"worked tirelessly to help the children of Lafayette Parish. He never stopped.\" According to his obituary in \"The Daily Advertiser\", the passionate Thibodaux was a man of the people and for the people. Dedicated to making a difference in the world, he served in public office and actively participated in his community. Family values and education were his passions and this showed in all of his endeavors. He was not afraid to fight for everything he believed in, even against great odds. . . . \" Services were held",
"psg_id": "10016037"
},
{
"title": "Henry S. Thibodaux",
"text": "He first settled on what was known as the \"Acadian coast\" of the Mississippi River, in St. James Parish. Thibodeaux (spelling changed to \"Thibodaux\") was married twice, first to Félicité Bonvillain, who bore him three children before she died a few years later. Then he married Bridgette Bélanger, with whom he had five children who lived to adulthood. Thibodaux had five sons in total. Among the sons was Bannon Goforth Thibodeaux, who was elected as a Democratic Member of Congress in the 1840s. Before entering politics, Bannon practiced the trade of shoemaker. Bannon G. Thibodeaux was later elected by the",
"psg_id": "9550065"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "was to provide students career and technical industry-based certification and college credit, which was a vision Thibodaux had fought for in the years before his death. The school was rededicated as the David Thibodaux STEM Magnet Academy the following school year, which extended enrollment from 6th through 11th grade, with a 12th grade to be added for the 2013 school year. Students at the school will train specifically for careers in science, technology, engineering or mathematics – hence the acronym. Principal Jeff Debetaz states that students at the STEM Academy choose from several specializations that include biomedical, environmental science, nutrition",
"psg_id": "10016039"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "third campaign for the 7th District seat. Hayes switched to Republican affiliation and vacated his House seat to seek the open U.S. Senate position in 1996. With the 7th Congressional seat open, Thibodaux saw the election as the best opportunity for a Republican to carry the 7th district for the first time. Under the unique Louisiana primary system, Thibodaux lost a spot in the general election against Democrat Chris John by only twelve votes. On election night, Thibodaux was projected as finishing in second place, ensuring a spot in the general election, over 200 votes ahead of the third-place finisher",
"psg_id": "10016027"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux massacre",
"text": "during the incident and whose records provide new information and insight. Thibodaux massacre The Thibodaux massacre was a racial attack mounted by white paramilitary groups in Thibodaux, Louisiana in November 1887. It followed a three-week strike during the critical harvest season by an estimated 10,000 workers against sugar cane plantations in four parishes: Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, and Assumption parishes. The strike was the largest in the industry and the first conducted by a formal labor organization, the Knights of Labor. At planters' requests, the state sent in militia to protect strikebreakers, and work resumed on some plantations. Black workers",
"psg_id": "15757910"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux massacre",
"text": "Thibodaux massacre The Thibodaux massacre was a racial attack mounted by white paramilitary groups in Thibodaux, Louisiana in November 1887. It followed a three-week strike during the critical harvest season by an estimated 10,000 workers against sugar cane plantations in four parishes: Lafourche, Terrebonne, St. Mary, and Assumption parishes. The strike was the largest in the industry and the first conducted by a formal labor organization, the Knights of Labor. At planters' requests, the state sent in militia to protect strikebreakers, and work resumed on some plantations. Black workers and their families were evicted from plantations in Lafourche and Terrebonne",
"psg_id": "15757893"
},
{
"title": "Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana)",
"text": "properties in the \"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\", which also includes: Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana) The Grand Theatre was a historic theatre building located at 401 Green Street in Thibodaux, Louisiana. Built in the 1920s, the building was a two-story Classical Revival commercial building with a pilastered front. It had a large open auditorium with a second story gallery over the lobby. The building was already vacant at the time of National Register submission in 1986. It was demolished to make space for a parking lot in June 1995. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on",
"psg_id": "20792706"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "buried in the Episcopal Cemetery on Jackson Street. The mayor of Thibodaux is elected at-large and is currently Tommy Eschete. The city council of seven is elected from five single-member districts, and two at-large members. Thibodaux is in Parish Council Districts 1, 2, 3, and 4. In the Louisiana Legislature, Thibodaux is represented by Rep. Jerome Richard (I-Thibodaux) and Sen. Bret Allain (R-Jeanerette). In the United States Congress, it is represented by Rep. Garret Graves (R-Baton Rouge), Sen. Bill Cassidy (R- Baton Rouge) and Sen. John Neely Kennedy (R- Madisonville). The Louisiana Office of Juvenile Justice operates the Thibodaux Office",
"psg_id": "1084032"
},
{
"title": "Henry S. Thibodaux",
"text": "appointment as a Federal judge, Thibodaux succeeded him, serving as Acting Governor until Henry Johnson was elected. Thibodaux was campaigning for the elected seat of governor in 1827 when he died on October 24, while touring near Bayou Terrebonne. Thibodaux was interred at Halfway Cemetery in Houma, Louisiana. Henry S. Thibodaux Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (1769 – October 24, 1827) was a planter and politician, who served one month in 1824 as the fourth Governor of Louisiana. At the time that Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned in 1824 to accept appointment as a federal judge, Thibodaux was President of the State",
"psg_id": "9550067"
},
{
"title": "Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area",
"text": "Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area The Houma-Thibodaux Metropolitan Statistical Area is a metropolitan area in the Acadiana region of southern Louisiana, United States that covers two parishes - Lafourche and Terrebonne. As of the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 208,178. The parish seat of Lafourche Parish, Thibodaux, is located 15 miles NNW from the parish seat of Terrebonne Parish, Houma. Bayou Cane is the commercial district of Terrebonne Parish and Lafourche Parish and is commonly referred to by locals as Houma. In 2014, \"Forbes\" magazine ranked Houma-Thibodaux as the eighth-fastest-growing small city in the United States. The",
"psg_id": "7654558"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "relic of St. Vitalis, is displayed near St. Valérie's reliquary. St. Valérie has traditionally been invoked for intercession in protecting Thibodaux from hurricanes. Richard D'Alton Williams, a well-known 19th-century Irish patriot, poet, and physician, died of tuberculosis in Thibodaux in 1862, and is buried in St. Joseph Cemetery. His headstone was erected that year by Irish members of the 8th New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry, then encamped in Thibodaux. A famous Mississippi blues musician, Eddie \"Guitar Slim\" Jones, is buried in Thibodaux, where he often played, and where his manager, Hosea Hill, resided. Two-term Governor of Louisiana Francis T. Nicholls is",
"psg_id": "1084031"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "a new election in front of the Senate Rules Committee. After a 10-month investigation revealed that fraud had occurred, the committee voted 8–7 along party lines to uphold the election results. Thibodaux chose not to pursue his own challenge of the results of the House race. Chris John went on to defeat Hunter Lundy in the general election and held the seat until he ran for the U.S. Senate in 2004, when he was defeated by the Republican David Vitter. When John vacated the seat, Thibodaux decided to run again. However, when a recently retired physician, Charles Boustany, Jr., a",
"psg_id": "10016030"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "strikebreakers and evicted black workers. The strike was broken in Terrebone Parish. Paramilitary forces closed off Thibodaux, where numerous black workers had taken refuge. On November 22, they began attacking the black workers and their families, killing at least 50 in what is called the \"Thibodaux massacre\" of November 22, 1887, one of the bloodiest labor disputes in U.S. history. Casualties including wounded and missing were said to be in the hundreds, but there has never been an accurate count. The cane workers returned to the plantations under conditions set by planters. In the following months, Knights of Labor organizers",
"psg_id": "1084026"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "Landing (Labadieville), Thibodaux was occupied by the Union Army under Godfrey Weitzel. Before they left the city, the Confederates under General Alfred Mouton (later killed in the Battle of Mansfield in De Soto Parish), burned the depot, the bridges, sugar, and supplies that they could not carry with them. In 1863, the Union under James P. Major temporarily abandoned Thibodaux but soon returned. Winters reports that terrified Negroes and whites raced into the town announcing that 3,000 Confederate cavalrymen were en route to attack Thibodaux and Lafourche Crossing. Union Colonel Thomas W. Cahill ordered an immediate retreat. The bayou bridges",
"psg_id": "1084021"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "David Thibodaux David Glenn Thibodaux (December 1, 1953 – March 24, 2007) was an influential professor at the University of Louisiana at Lafayette for twenty-seven years and a member and officer of the Lafayette Parish School Board for twelve years. A notable political figure, he ran three times for the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 7th congressional district. He was the author of several books, including \"Political Correctness: The Cloning of the American Mind\" and numerous articles and editorials. In 1994, Thibodaux was elected to the District 7 seat on the Lafayette Parish School Board. He was re-elected",
"psg_id": "10016020"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "reduced class sizes, lovingly detailed in dozens of conversations over the years, was about improving education in Lafayette schools that serve low-income students. And his biggest allies in the fight against the court-ordered desegregation measures were the two black school board members, [Democrats] Ed Sam and Rickey Hardy, who resented the closure of schools in black neighborhoods.\" Mrs. Thibodaux told \"The Daily Advertiser\" that her husband \"gave everything that he could. He was the only person I knew that lost sleep over someone else’s children.\" Thibodaux was born in New Iberia in Iberia Parish, to Albert Joseph Thibodaux and Charlie",
"psg_id": "10016034"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "$31,464 versus $21,144 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,966. About 20.6% of families and 25.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 36.3% of those under age 18 and 18.2% of those age 65 or over. The Roman Catholic patron saints of Thibodaux are Saint Valérie, an early Christian martyr, and Saint Vitalis of Milan, her husband, also a martyr. A life-sized reliquary of Saint Valérie, containing an arm bone, was brought to Thibodaux in 1868 and is displayed in her shrine in St. Joseph Co-Cathedral in Thibodaux. A smaller reliquary, with a",
"psg_id": "1084030"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "and dietetics, engineering, early childhood development and advanced learning. \"Traditional courses, like English and history, are part of the curriculum, but technology is incorporated into every subject\", Debetaz said. The program not only gets students ready for college, it also offers dual enrollment. Through an arrangement with Southwest Louisiana Community College, STEM Academy students can take classes that count toward a college degree, as well as a high school diploma. Currently, there are over 1000 students at the David Thibodaux STEM Magnet Academy. David Thibodaux David Glenn Thibodaux (December 1, 1953 – March 24, 2007) was an influential professor at",
"psg_id": "10016040"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "a friend. He will always be remembered for his passionate and relentless pursuit of improving public education for our communities in Lafayette Parish.\" Roger F. Villere, Jr., chairman of the Louisiana Republican Party, declared a statewide day of mourning and remembrance for Thibodaux, whom Villere described as: \"a Republican pioneer in Acadiana\". I ask all Louisiana citizens to join me in honoring Dr. David Thibodaux and the life he devoted to making Louisiana a better place. I ask all of you to keep David's family and friends in your prayers.\" Bill Decker of the \"Lafayette Daily Advertiser\" described Thibodaux thus:",
"psg_id": "10016032"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "\"[He was] a movement conservative who might not appreciate the appropriation of Democrat Al Smith’s nickname. But Thibodaux was a happy warrior. [He] taught a generation of kids at ULL, and took on mamby-pamby language and knee-jerk liberals in a pair of books. At the time of his death, he was locked in the battle for which he may be remembered most: his duel with U.S. District Judge Richard Haik over school desegregation. Thibodaux fought Haik every way he knew how. \"His opposition was about the proper role of the judiciary, not about indifference to the kids. His push for",
"psg_id": "10016033"
},
{
"title": "St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)",
"text": "St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana) St. Joseph Co-Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Francis de Sales in Houma it is the seat of the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. It is also the oldest parish in the diocese. The church building and rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saint Joseph's Co-Cathedral and Rectory on March 5, 1986 as part of the \"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\". St. Joseph Parish first began to organize in 1813 and was founded as a mission to Assumption Church in Plattenville in",
"psg_id": "15954531"
},
{
"title": "St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)",
"text": "St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana) St. Joseph Co-Cathedral is a Catholic cathedral located in Thibodaux, Louisiana, United States. Along with the Cathedral of St. Francis de Sales in Houma it is the seat of the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. It is also the oldest parish in the diocese. The church building and rectory were listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Saint Joseph's Co-Cathedral and Rectory on March 5, 1986 as part of the \"Thibodaux Multiple Resource Area\". St. Joseph Parish first began to organize in 1813 and was founded as a mission to Assumption Church in Plattenville in",
"psg_id": "15954526"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Valero",
"text": "Aaron Valero Aaron Valero (1913–2000) was an Israeli physician and educator who helped establish hospitals and medical schools, authored medical publications and contributed greatly to the advancement of medical education in Israel in the latter half of the 20th century. Aaron Valero was born in Jerusalem to a distinguished Sephardi family which had settled in Palestine in the early 19th century and on his mother's side, in the late 15th century. His father, Chaim Aharon Valero, was a prominent Jerusalem banker. Valero's great-grandfather, Jacob Valero, established the first bank in Palestine. Jacob Saul Elyashar, the father of Valero's great-great-grandmother, had",
"psg_id": "6829014"
},
{
"title": "Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux",
"text": "Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux, 360 U.S. 25 (1959), was a case in which the Supreme Court created a new doctrine of abstention. The city of Thibodaux, citing a 1900 state law, Act 111, sought to condemn buildings, land, equipment, poles, lines, and other properties that belonged to the Louisiana Power & Light Co. and that were located in areas that had recently been annexed by the city. The company, a Florida corporation, challenged the city's authority to condemn only a part of a utility system. The",
"psg_id": "19814508"
},
{
"title": "Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux",
"text": "considerable law review commentary,” notes one observer. Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux, 360 U.S. 25 (1959), was a case in which the Supreme Court created a new doctrine of abstention. The city of Thibodaux, citing a 1900 state law, Act 111, sought to condemn buildings, land, equipment, poles, lines, and other properties that belonged to the Louisiana Power & Light Co. and that were located in areas that had recently been annexed by the city. The company, a Florida corporation, challenged the city's authority to condemn only",
"psg_id": "19814526"
},
{
"title": "Henry S. Thibodaux",
"text": "were expelled from their homeland by the British after they defeated the French in the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America). Thibodaux was orphaned (his family was thought to have been deported from Pennsylvania) and adopted by General Philip Schuyler, an American Revolutionary War hero. Thibodaux spent his childhood in the United States and is believed to have been sent to Scotland in the 1780s for his education. After returning to the United States, Thibodaux moved to Louisiana in 1794, while it was under nominal control of the Spanish for several more years.",
"psg_id": "9550064"
},
{
"title": "Henry S. Thibodaux",
"text": "state legislature as a United States Senator. The senior Thibodaux moved from St. James Parish to Lafourche Parish when he received a land grant from Spanish Governor Baron de Carondelet. He developed a plantation he named for Ste. Bridget. Thibodaux was later elected Justice of the Peace and to the Territorial Legislature after the United States acquired and organized the Territory of Orleans. After Louisiana became a state, from 1812 to 1824, Thibodaux served as a State Senator representing Lafourche Parish and was elected as President of the Senate in 1824. When Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned to accept an",
"psg_id": "9550066"
},
{
"title": "Henry S. Thibodaux",
"text": "Henry S. Thibodaux Henry Schuyler Thibodaux (1769 – October 24, 1827) was a planter and politician, who served one month in 1824 as the fourth Governor of Louisiana. At the time that Governor Thomas B. Robertson resigned in 1824 to accept appointment as a federal judge, Thibodaux was President of the State Senate and succeeded him as Acting Governor, until Henry Johnson was elected. Thibodaux's birth and parents are shrouded in mystery. He is thought to have been born either in Albany, New York, or Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Alexis Thibodeaux and Marie Anne Blanchard of Nicolet, Quebec, Acadian refugees who",
"psg_id": "9550063"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux, Louisiana",
"text": "were burned, three field guns were destroyed, and as many of the men and the horses as possible were loaded . . . and ordered to Raceland. . . . Ammunition was destroyed, horses abandoned, and four field pieces were left behind. Once the area was under Union control, they ordered the slaves freed and to be paid wages. Planters in Thibodaux complained about having to negotiate labor contracts for the black workers. Alexander F. Pugh, a large sugar planter near Thibodaux, complained that Negroes and federal officers took up too much time in negotiating new labor contracts. Part of",
"psg_id": "1084022"
},
{
"title": "Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux",
"text": "dispute over oil-drilling rights to a Texas court that was far more familiar with the issues involved, is similar to the Thibodaux abstention, and some abstentions are in fact identified as Burford-Thibodaux or Thibodaux-Burford abstentions. A number of observers have commented on the difference between the rulings in Thibodaux and Allegheny County v. Frank Mashuda Co., which involved the question of whether a plaintiff's property could be confiscated under eminent domain in order to enlarge a private airport. In Allegheny County, the Court did not allow for abstention. “The apparent inconsistency between the two decisions has been the subject of",
"psg_id": "19814525"
},
{
"title": "Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana)",
"text": "Grand Theatre (Thibodaux, Louisiana) The Grand Theatre was a historic theatre building located at 401 Green Street in Thibodaux, Louisiana. Built in the 1920s, the building was a two-story Classical Revival commercial building with a pilastered front. It had a large open auditorium with a second story gallery over the lobby. The building was already vacant at the time of National Register submission in 1986. It was demolished to make space for a parking lot in June 1995. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1986. It was one of 14 individually NRHP-listed",
"psg_id": "20792705"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux massacre",
"text": "processed. The work stoppage threatened the entire sugar cane harvest for the year. The 1887 strike was the largest labor action in the industry, involving an estimated 10,000 workers, a tenth of whom were white. It was the first time a formal labor organization had led a strike in this region. The planters appealed to Louisiana Governor Samuel Douglas McEnery, who was also a planter. McEnery, declaring, \"God Almighty has himself drawn the color line,\" called out ten infantry companies and an artillery company of the state militia, sending the latter to Thibodaux, the parish seat and \"heart of the",
"psg_id": "15757900"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "percent). The two top vote-getters were Democrat (and later Republican) James A. \"Jimmy\" Hayes of Lafayette, who received 51,137 votes (30 percent). His opponent in the general election, fellow Democrat Margaret Lowenthal, the first woman to represent Calcasieu Parish in the Louisiana House of Representatives, received 42,839 votes (25 percent). In the general election, Hayes defeated Lowenthal, who remained in the state House until 1988. In 1990, Thibodaux ran again for the U.S. House for the 7th Congressional District. The seat had never been held by a Republican and was a known Democratic stronghold, famously held by Edwin Edwards from",
"psg_id": "10016025"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "on March 28, 2007, at the Cathedral of St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church in Lafayette. Thibodaux's eulogist was Alfred Boustany, Jr., his best friend since elementary school, and cousin of Charles Boustany, Jr. Judge Richard Haik told those in attendance: \"You are David's eulogy. People from all walks of life came here out of respect and love.\" Thibodaux was cremated and placed in his family tomb located in the cemetery of St. John's Cathedral. In 2011, the Lafayette Parish School System announced the opening of the David Thibodaux Career and Technical High School. The mission of the new school",
"psg_id": "10016038"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "for the Louisiana House of Representatives for District 38 in 2011 and subsequently joined the Constitution Party. With only twelve votes separating Thibodaux from a spot in the runoff, many urged Thibodaux to challenge the election results amid widespread reports of irregularities and election fraud across the state. In Louisiana's election for U.S. Senate that year, Republican Woody Jenkins contested the results of his narrow loss to Democrat Mary Landrieu claiming election fraud, including ballot tampering, voter fraud, and illegal busing in precincts statewide, including those in the 7th District. Jenkins brought his challenge to the U.S. Senate, arguing for",
"psg_id": "10016029"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "state in the 1970s and 1980s, Thibodaux sought to enhance the position of Louisiana's Republican Party to restore a viable two-party system in the state. He was elected to the Republican State Central Committee and served as a delegate to the 1988 Republican National Convention. In 1986, Thibodaux ran fourth, with 21,082 votes (12 percent), in a six-candidate field for the United States House of Representatives for Louisiana's 7th congressional district, since disbanded and merged into the 3rd district. In a strong third place was legislator James David Cain of Dry Creek in Beauregard Parish, who polled 40,554 votes (24",
"psg_id": "10016024"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux massacre",
"text": "casualty figure of 35. According to historian Rebecca Jarvis Scott, \"No credible official count of the victims of the Thibodaux massacre was ever made; bodies continued to turn up in shallow graves outside of town for weeks to come.\" Eric Arnesen wrote that local white residents privately admitted more than 50 workers were murdered in Thibodaux, but the total was uncertain. Along the Bayou Lafourche, black oral history has told of hundreds of casualties, including wounded and missing. James Keith Hogue attributes 50 deaths to the three-day attacks by the paramilitary, saying that in addition, numerous Knights of Labor organizers",
"psg_id": "15757906"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux massacre",
"text": "parishes and retreated to Thibodaux. Tensions broke out in violence on November 23, 1887, and the local white paramilitary forces attacked black workers and their families in Thibodaux. Although the total number of casualties is unknown, at least 35 black people were killed in the next three days (more historians believe 50 were killed) and as many as 300 overall killed, wounded or missing, making it one of the most violent labor disputes in U.S. history. Victims reportedly included elders, women and children. All those killed were African American. The massacre, and passage by white Democrats of discriminatory state legislation,",
"psg_id": "15757894"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "Democrat Hunter Lundy. However, after a week of ballot recounts, John led with 45,404 ballots (26 percent). Lundy trailed with 38,605 votes (22 percent), just 12 votes ahead of Thibodaux's 38,593 votes (also 22 percent). While Thibodaux was the endorsed Republican candidate, three other Republican candidates campaigned as well. The presence of the three other Republicans, Jim Slatten, Peter Anthony Vidrine (born November 1957) of Ville Platte in Evangeline Parish, and Charles \"Charlie\" Buckels, with a total of 25,840 votes (15 percent), cost Thibodaux an opportunity to enter a face-to-face showdown with John in the general election. Vidrine ran unsuccessfully",
"psg_id": "10016028"
},
{
"title": "Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House",
"text": "Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House, also known as Rosella Plantation House, is a historic mansion located at 3515 LA 308, about northwest of Raceland, Louisiana. The house is a two-story Creole plantation house built in c.1814 by Jean Baptiste Thibodaux, who purchased the land parcel in 1810. The house was originally formed by four rooms. A two-story side wing was added at some time and, in the 1880s, a two-story rear wing containing a carriage area was also added to the building. The rear wing was deeply altered in 1956. The mansion was added to the National",
"psg_id": "20802738"
},
{
"title": "Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House",
"text": "Register of Historic Places on November 2, 1982. Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House Jean Baptiste Thibodaux House, also known as Rosella Plantation House, is a historic mansion located at 3515 LA 308, about northwest of Raceland, Louisiana. The house is a two-story Creole plantation house built in c.1814 by Jean Baptiste Thibodaux, who purchased the land parcel in 1810. The house was originally formed by four rooms. A two-story side wing was added at some time and, in the 1880s, a two-story rear wing containing a carriage area was also added to the building. The rear wing was deeply altered in",
"psg_id": "20802739"
},
{
"title": "Houma – Thibodaux metropolitan area",
"text": "metropolitan area is commonly referred to by locals as the \"Houma-Thibodaux\" area. The metropolitan area's main thoroughfare is U.S. Highway 90, which runs east to west and passes directly between Houma and Thibodaux. As of the census of 2000, there were 194,477 people, 68,084 households, and 51,692 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 78.13% White, 15.40% Black, 3.91% Native American, 0.74% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.56% from other races, and 1.25% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.50% of the population. The median income for a household in",
"psg_id": "7654559"
},
{
"title": "Blake Aaron",
"text": "Blake Aaron Blake Aaron is a guitarist, composer, recording artist and radio show host. Aaron has worked with Bernie Worrell, Bill Laswell, Billy Bass, Bobby Womack, Carlos Santana, David Benoit, Dynasty, Eric Marienthal, Fish, Fishbone, Frank Stallone, Gloria Trevi, Hiroshima, Joe Houston, Kuh Ledesma, Lakeside, Little Anthony and the Imperials, Marion Meadows, Mary Wells, Najee, Nelson Rangell, Philip Bailey, Ricky Lawson, Sheila E., Steve Reid, The Coasters, The Drifters, and The Gap Band. Aaron is also an LA-based session guitarist, TV and film composer and has been the guitarist and/or composed for such television shows and films as \"MADtv\" where",
"psg_id": "14627404"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "another Louisiana Republican leader, Suzanne Haik Terrell of New Orleans. Thibodaux stressed the need for money in the classroom, rather than expanded administration, which frequently placed him at odds with Lafayette Superintendent James Easton. Soon after his death, at the request of Thibodaux's family, the Lafayette Parish School Board appointed Mark Cockerham (born 1976), a former student of Thibodaux's who had worked in his congressional campaign, to fill the District 7 vacancy until a special election could be held in conjunction with the regular primary elections scheduled for October 20, 2007. With the endorsement of Thibodaux's family, Cockerham was re-elected",
"psg_id": "10016022"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Marsh",
"text": "Aaron Marsh Aaron Marsh is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from Florida. He first gained prominence as the lead singer, guitarist, and pianist for the Florida-based indie rock band Copeland, who formed in 2000. Marsh has since gone on to numerous production projects, co-producing his own band's studio albums usually along with either Matt Goldman or Aaron Sprinkle, as well as producing The Myriad's \"You Can't Trust a Ladder\", the \"Be Fair EP\" by the band Estates, and \"The Positives\" by Person L. Marsh produced Anchor and Braille's debut album: \"Felt\", which was released on August 4,",
"psg_id": "10595737"
},
{
"title": "Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux",
"text": "did not involve a constitutional issue that could be avoided or modified by a state court interpretation of some underlying issue of state law. In Thibodaux, a ruling at the federal level would have amounted to an interpretation of a vague Louisiana law and, thus, a determination of the circumstances under which the city could or could not exercise the power it claimed to have under the 1900 Louisiana law. The decision in Thibodaux gave rise to a new principle, the \"Thibodaux abstention\", which is defined as \"[a] federal court’s act of declining to exercise its jurisdiction to allow a",
"psg_id": "19814523"
},
{
"title": "Mick Murphy (guitarist)",
"text": "Mick Murphy (guitarist) Mick Murphy (born Michael Aaron Murphy on July 17, 1971) is an American guitarist and multi-instrumentalist (drummer, bassist, singer and songwriter) best known for his time with My Ruin and Teenage Time Killers. Murphy's playing style includes elements of classic rock and heavy metal as well as jazz, hardcore punk and thrash dance. Murphy was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, where he got into music at age nine. His older brother Sam had a record collection which made an impact on him, and Mick listened to heavy music throughout his school life. In 1975, he heard Kiss' \"Alive!\"",
"psg_id": "19217000"
},
{
"title": "Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux",
"text": "How, conceivably, can the Court justify the abdication of responsibility to exercise jurisdiction on the ground of avoiding interference and conflict with the State when the State itself desires the federal court's adjudication? It is obvious that the abstention in this case was for the convenience of the District Court, not for the State. The issues addressed in Thibodaux had previously been the subject of an earlier Supreme Court case, \"Railroad Commission v. Pullman Co.\" (1941), which established a principle called the \"Pullman abstention\". Although the decisions in the two cases were similar, what set Thibodaux apart was that it",
"psg_id": "19814522"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux High School",
"text": "the student body was moved to its current location at the corner of Talbot Avenue and Tiger Drive. In 1968 the high school for black students, C.M. Washington High School, was dissolved due to racial integration. Therefore black students now attended the previously all-white school. In 2002, ninth grade students were added to the campus. Thibodaux was among state's top 10% in student improvement in 2013, and students' ACT scores averaged 18, below the state average of 20. In 2016 Thibodaux High scored a 97.7 in the Louisiana Department of Education's school ranking. The school competes interscholastically in several sports,",
"psg_id": "11472558"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "one grandson; two sisters, and two brothers. In addition to his mother, he was preceded in death by two brothers. Thibodaux died in 2007 in a Lafayette area hospital after sustaining injuries in a motor vehicle accident on U.S. Route 90. The accident occurred at an intersection where fatalities had occurred previously. After Thibodaux's death, the Lafayette City Council had a stop light placed at the intersection to prevent further loss of life. School board president Carl LaCombe, a Democrat and close friend who served as a pallbearer along with Thibodaux's two sons, Ben and Jeremy; his two brothers, Patrick",
"psg_id": "10016036"
},
{
"title": "St. Joseph Co-Cathedral (Thibodaux, Louisiana)",
"text": "Msgr. Alexander Barbier. It was completed three years later in the Renaissance Revival style. The first Mass was celebrated on January 25, 1923. The ornamental marble and plaster work was added in 1931 and the final paint scheme was done in 1954. Two of the parish's that were created from St. Joseph include St. Genevieve Parish, that was established in 1959, and St. Thomas Aquinas Parish in 1970. On March 2, 1977 Pope Paul VI established the Diocese of Houma-Thibodaux. St. Francis de Sales Church in Houma became the cathedral of the new diocese and St. Joseph Church in Thibodaux",
"psg_id": "15954528"
},
{
"title": "AARON",
"text": "AARON AARON is a computer program written by artist Harold Cohen that creates original artistic images. Proceeding from Cohen's initial question \"What are the minimum conditions under which a set of marks functions as an image?\", AARON has been in continual development since 1973. The name \"AARON\" does not seem to be an acronym; rather, it was a name chosen to start with the letter \"A\" so that the names of successive programs could follow it alphabetically. However, Cohen did not create any other major programs. Initial versions of AARON created abstract drawings that grew more complex through the 1970s.",
"psg_id": "5120346"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Lewis",
"text": "Aaron Lewis Aaron Lewis (born April 13, 1972) is an American singer, songwriter and musician who is best known as the lead vocalist, rhythm guitarist and founding member of the alternative metal band Staind, with whom he released seven studio albums. He has also enjoyed a successful solo career in country music with his debut EP \"Town Line\", which was released on March 1, 2011 on Stroudavarious Records. Lewis' first full-length solo release, \"The Road\", was released by Blaster Records on November 13, 2012. Lewis released his second studio album \"Sinner\" on September 16, 2016. In 2006, Lewis was ranked",
"psg_id": "5527010"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Cleveland",
"text": "“Cleaveland.” As noted above, in 1739 Aaron Cleveland married Susannah Porter, who in addition to being the daughter of Aaron Porter was the granddaughter of Major Sewall of Salem, Massachusetts. Among their descendants were: Aaron Cleveland Aaron Cleveland (29 October 1715 – 17 August 1757 Philadelphia) was a clergyman. He established the first Presbyterian church in Canada. He was a great great grandfather of United States President Grover Cleveland. His father was also named Aaron Cleveland. At the time of the Aaron's birth his father was making a modest living as a publican in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Aaron was born,",
"psg_id": "14661291"
},
{
"title": "Thibodaux massacre",
"text": "it up to local officials to manage from there. Parish District Judge Taylor Beattie, who owned Orange Grove Plantation and was a member of the LPSA, announced formation of a \"Peace and Order Committee\" in Thibodaux. He declared martial law, and recruited 300 white men for his committee to serve as a paramilitary group. He ordered blacks within the city limits to show a pass to enter or leave. Like many top-ranking white state officials, Beattie was an ex-Confederate and former slaveholder. He was a former member of the Knights of the White Camelia, a paramilitary group that had worked",
"psg_id": "15757902"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Cleveland",
"text": "Aaron Cleveland Aaron Cleveland (29 October 1715 – 17 August 1757 Philadelphia) was a clergyman. He established the first Presbyterian church in Canada. He was a great great grandfather of United States President Grover Cleveland. His father was also named Aaron Cleveland. At the time of the Aaron's birth his father was making a modest living as a publican in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where Aaron was born, and also working in construction. His father would later become a militia captain and a man of some wealth. The son graduated from Harvard in 1735. He was a man of great physical strength",
"psg_id": "14661287"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Dugan",
"text": "Aaron Dugan Aaron Dugan is a guitarist, composer and songwriter originally from Philadelphia who resides in Brooklyn. Dugan has performed and recorded with a wide variety of musicians and producers including Roots Tonic, Matisyahu, Trevor Hall, Bootsy Collins, Amy Carrigan, John Zorn, Maya Dunietz, Chris Tunkel, Mark Guiliana and Bill Laswell. Dugan has clinched two Gold Records as lead guitarist on Matisyahu's \"Live at Stubb's\" and \"Youth,\" and has recorded two solo albums featuring his own compositions. Born June 20, 1977, Dugan grew up in Northeast Philadelphia. Aaron grew up with a father who wrote and played music and was",
"psg_id": "15168239"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Shearer",
"text": "Thomas Kikta, David Starobin, and Bruce Casteel. Shearer has many publications, including his well-known \"Classical Guitar Technique\" method books, his three-volume \"Learning the Classic Guitar\" series and his newly released \"The Shearer Method-Classic Guitar Foundation\" with DVD and CD. Aaron had two older brothers, Buford Carl Shearer who died in 1988 and Gwen Dean Shearer who died in 1987. Aaron Shearer Aaron Shearer (6 September 1919 – 21 April 2008) was an American classical guitarist known primarily as a pedagogue. He was born in Anatone, Washington to Nettie Pearl Moody and Floyd David Shearer, and was a guitar pupil of",
"psg_id": "9850921"
},
{
"title": "Tim Aaron",
"text": "Aaron lived in New York City and performed in various bands such as GobbleHoof, H.P. Zinker, and Skunk. Skunk was the first musical venture of Matt Sweeney, who later became known as a session guitarist and founding member of Chavez. Billy Corgan of the 1990s Billboard chart-topping band Smashing Pumpkins credited Skunk as a major influence. In the mid-1990s, Aaron moved to Los Angeles. There, he met directors Tom Stern and Penelope Spheeris, who hired him as a mixer, composer, and sound designer for films, music videos, and television shows. Aaron and Stern formed the performance art band Spork with",
"psg_id": "19086379"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Marsh",
"text": "underground hip-hop. Marsh also stated that a Copeland reunion tour does not seem to be a possibility, however, they released \"Ixora\" on November 24, 2014. Marsh has contributed guest vocals on a variety of songs. Aaron Marsh Aaron Marsh is an American singer, songwriter, musician and record producer from Florida. He first gained prominence as the lead singer, guitarist, and pianist for the Florida-based indie rock band Copeland, who formed in 2000. Marsh has since gone on to numerous production projects, co-producing his own band's studio albums usually along with either Matt Goldman or Aaron Sprinkle, as well as producing",
"psg_id": "10595739"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo",
"text": "Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo is an American blues/rock trio based in Madison, Wisconsin. Led by Aaron Williams (b. 1983 or 1984) on guitar, the band’s sound is likely best described by “Ole Harv” of WVPE 88.1 (NPR) as “blues and roll for the masses.” Aaron is joined in the band by Eric Shackelford on drums and Z on bass. 365Ink says, “Compared to early George Thorogood, Williams & The Hoodoo have all the fire and swagger of the slide guitarist in his younger days, but with more finesse and way more versatility.” Pulse magazine",
"psg_id": "15598599"
},
{
"title": "First Eagles: The Great War 1918",
"text": "down or killed, depending on the game skill level set and the players skill level. The game has a useful 'Single Mission' option that allows the user to choose their mission, aircraft type, weapons, year, nationality, weather, and time of day, and look at a map of the mission area. A set of names are generated to be included on the squadron roster and they are allocated varying skill levels (ranks). Flight above enemy territory results in anti-aircraft fire. First Eagles: The Great War 1918 First Eagles: The Great War 1918 (Also called First Eagles: The Great Air War 1918)",
"psg_id": "10684949"
},
{
"title": "Aaron North",
"text": "Aaron North Aaron Wright North (born March 22, 1979) is an American musician. He was the co-founder and guitarist of punk band The Icarus Line, the lead guitarist of industrial rock group Nine Inch Nails, and vocalist/guitarist for Jubilee. North is noted for his chaotic and unconventional guitar approach, his use and command of feedback, and the flailing of his guitar wildly while on stage. His reputation for being outspoken both on and off the stage resulted in equal criticism and praise from fans and music journalists, mainly due to his role as co-founder and owner of Buddyhead. More infamously,",
"psg_id": "5003509"
},
{
"title": "David Thibodaux",
"text": "in 1998, 2002, and was unopposed for his fourth term in 2006. Thibodaux was elected by the board to serve twice as board president, and had been elected to serve as vice-president in January 2007, shortly before his death. As a board member he advocated for a reduction in teacher-student ratios, pay increases for teachers, and for additional construction and maintenance of parish schools. He was integral in procuring unitary status in the lingering 40-year-old desegregation lawsuit against the school board. He made an impassioned plea for unitary status before U.S. District Court Judge Richard T. Haik, a brother of",
"psg_id": "10016021"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Brennan",
"text": "not expecting the kiss, as he was thinking about Nate at the time. David feels embarrassed and runs off, which Wilson thought was true to the character. He explained, \"They are pretty much opposites – Aaron will always stand and fight, whereas David always chooses flight.\" In an interview on Tenplay, Wilson explains that while Aaron does have feelings for David, he knows that David needs to deal with his sexuality and have some fun first. Aaron hopes that David will return to him eventually. Wilson liked the pairing of Aaron and David, calling them \"a great couple\", and he",
"psg_id": "19578259"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Williams and the Hoodoo",
"text": "adds, “A little classic, dirty blues, a little Black Crowes on speed and a little rockabilly. Our Pulse Pick of the week!” Aaron began his musical career at 17 years old as the lead guitarist for the Cadillac Joe Band. As part of this group, Aaron opened for artists including Coco Montoya, Taj Mahal, Leon Russell, Canned Heat, Carey Bell, and Jimmy Thackery, who promptly dubbed Aaron “The Brat with the Strat” because of his affinity for Fender guitars. Eric Shackelford has played drums since the age of 11. Majoring in music and religion in college, Eric held the position",
"psg_id": "15598600"
},
{
"title": "Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great",
"text": "berühmt gemacht\" haben (\"Biographical Dictionary of all those heroes and military figures who have earned fame in the Prussian service\"), A Wever, 1791, has been consulted. In addition, if several members of a family served during the wars of Frederick the Great, such as the 58 men of the von Kleist family, their full names are linked; otherwise, only one identifying name is used. Names inscribed on the Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great The Equestrian statue of Frederick the Great is an outdoor sculpture in cast bronze at the east end of Unter den Linden in Berlin, Germany honoring",
"psg_id": "19893054"
},
{
"title": "Michael Gallagher (guitarist)",
"text": "Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Michael Gallagher (guitarist) Michael Gallagher is an American guitarist, best known for his work with post-metal band Isis. He joined them in 1999 for their debut LP \"Celestial\", having previously been a member of Cast Iron Hike. He has an ambient project known as MGR (Mustard Gas & Roses); under this moniker he has released two albums and scored one film. He plays a '78 Les Paul Custom, which he bought on eBay, through a Fryette Sig:x Amplifier. While playing in Isis he normally tuned his guitar down to Dropped B (B-F#-B-E-G#-C#), like his bandmate Aaron Turner. He",
"psg_id": "12442238"
},
{
"title": "Michael Gallagher (guitarist)",
"text": "Michael Gallagher (guitarist) Michael Gallagher is an American guitarist, best known for his work with post-metal band Isis. He joined them in 1999 for their debut LP \"Celestial\", having previously been a member of Cast Iron Hike. He has an ambient project known as MGR (Mustard Gas & Roses); under this moniker he has released two albums and scored one film. He plays a '78 Les Paul Custom, which he bought on eBay, through a Fryette Sig:x Amplifier. While playing in Isis he normally tuned his guitar down to Dropped B (B-F#-B-E-G#-C#), like his bandmate Aaron Turner. He hails from",
"psg_id": "12442237"
},
{
"title": "Louisiana Power & Light Co. v. City of Thibodaux",
"text": "state court to decide difficult issues if importance in order to avoid unnecessary friction between federal and state authorities\". A key difference between the Pullman and Thibodaux doctrines is that under Pullman the court retains jurisdiction over federal issues and does not dismiss the case, while under the Thibodaux doctrine the case will, in fact, be dismissed in some instances. There are several other federal abstention doctrines that derive from various Supreme Court cases, including the so-called Younger and Colorado River abstentions. The Burford abstention, derived from \"Burford v. Sun Oil Co.\" (1943), in which a federal court sent a",
"psg_id": "19814524"
},
{
"title": "Aaron the Tyrant",
"text": "of his work, historian Nicolae Iorga also credits the genealogy. He once described Aaron as an \"unrecognized child\" of the Prince, whom he nevertheless resembled, being \"mean and gluttonous\". Elsewhere, he credited reports that Aaron was a direct descendant of Stephen the Great. Cultural historian Răzvan Theodorescu also endorses the claim. The Moldavian classical historian Ioan Neculce renders a conflicting account. This depicts young Aaron as the nephew and servant of Moldavian Metropolitan Nicanor, with whom he lived at Agapia Monastery. While there, Aaron seduced a nun, and was caught by Nicanor while returning from her chambers. The bishop punished",
"psg_id": "6624039"
},
{
"title": "It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook",
"text": "Stiefel Entertainment. It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart. It was released on 22 October 2002, and became the first in a five-volume series. The album was Stewart's first release for Sony Music imprint J Records. It included his second recording of \"Every Time We Say Goodbye.\" A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003, which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart's earlier material.",
"psg_id": "7861716"
},
{
"title": "It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook",
"text": "It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook is the first album of American pop standards recorded by British musician Rod Stewart. It was released on 22 October 2002, and became the first in a five-volume series. The album was Stewart's first release for Sony Music imprint J Records. It included his second recording of \"Every Time We Say Goodbye.\" A live DVD of the same title was released on 4 February 2003, which featured performances of material from the studio album as well as Stewart's earlier material. Stiefel at",
"psg_id": "7861715"
},
{
"title": "Rachel Aaron",
"text": "Heartstrikers series, set 20 years later. Rachel Aaron Rachel Aaron is an American author of fantasy and (under the pen name Rachel Bach) science fiction. The first book in the Paradox Series, \"Fortune's Pawn\" (2013), is a type of space opera which was called \"lots of fun\" by \"Kirkus Reviews\". \"Fortune's Pawn\" also marked Aaron's first time publishing science fiction. \"Publishers Weekly\", however, felt that the tropes of the first book in the series were cliche and made up of \"stock set pieces.\" Aaron's Paradox Series, including \"Honor's Knight\" (2014) deals with ethical questions amid \"great space battles, awesome shootouts",
"psg_id": "17930256"
},
{
"title": "Rachel Aaron",
"text": "Rachel Aaron Rachel Aaron is an American author of fantasy and (under the pen name Rachel Bach) science fiction. The first book in the Paradox Series, \"Fortune's Pawn\" (2013), is a type of space opera which was called \"lots of fun\" by \"Kirkus Reviews\". \"Fortune's Pawn\" also marked Aaron's first time publishing science fiction. \"Publishers Weekly\", however, felt that the tropes of the first book in the series were cliche and made up of \"stock set pieces.\" Aaron's Paradox Series, including \"Honor's Knight\" (2014) deals with ethical questions amid \"great space battles, awesome shootouts and enough betrayals and alliances to",
"psg_id": "17930254"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Weistrop",
"text": "on, produced, and written music that has been played on radio stations nationally and internationally. \"Hanukkah Blues\", co-written with Ted Wulfers, was chosen for 93XRT's on-air feature 'Hear First' as a way of introducing Wulfers as a \"promising new artist.\" Weistrop scored the opening and closing credits for the 2009 film \"Eye of the Sandman\". He was awarded a fellowship for music composition by the Illinois Arts Council in 1998. Aaron Weistrop Aaron Weistrop (born 21 April 1973) is an American guitarist and composer based out of Chicago. Weistrop was born in Fort Stewart, Georgia, and was raised in Shorewood,",
"psg_id": "14329807"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Phipps",
"text": "became the first disabled British person to scale Mount Kilimanjaro During large parts of the ascent Phipps was forced to climb on his hands and knees because the wheelchair wasn't capable of traversing the difficult terrain but was able to complete the climb without any assistance. Aaron Phipps Aaron Phipps (born 7 April 1983) is a British wheelchair rugby player. He is part of the Great Britain national wheelchair rugby team and competed in Wheelchair rugby at the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, Great Britain. On 7 January 1999 Aaron contracted Meningitis C. and Meningococcal septicemia. As a result of",
"psg_id": "16756193"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Dessner",
"text": "Wait,\" a track written by Aaron and Matt Berninger, recorded by The National with additional vocals from Sharon Van Etten. Aaron also played an important role in The National's contribution to the HBO show Game of Thrones. In May 2012 The National's performance of \"Rains of Castamere\" played during the closing credits of season two episode nine. Though the song is not an original, Aaron helped to interpret the instruments and music so that it evoked the land of Westeros. In March 2012, Aaron, Scott Devendorf and Bryan Devendorf teamed up with Grateful Dead guitarist Bob Weir for a live",
"psg_id": "13340552"
},
{
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux",
"text": "was created by Pope Paul VI on June 5, 1977, from territory taken from the Archdiocese of New Orleans. The list of bishops of the diocese and their years of service: Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux The Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux (official Latin name: Dioecesis Humensis–Thibodensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese in southeastern Louisiana. It comprises Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes, the eastern part of St. Mary Parish including Morgan City, and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish. Bishop Shelton Fabre, formerly an Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans, is the current ordinary. Although a small diocese in terms of area (around 3,500 square",
"psg_id": "6407475"
},
{
"title": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux",
"text": "Roman Catholic Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux The Diocese of Houma–Thibodaux (official Latin name: Dioecesis Humensis–Thibodensis) is a Roman Catholic diocese in southeastern Louisiana. It comprises Terrebonne and Lafourche parishes, the eastern part of St. Mary Parish including Morgan City, and Grand Isle in Jefferson Parish. Bishop Shelton Fabre, formerly an Auxiliary Bishop of New Orleans, is the current ordinary. Although a small diocese in terms of area (around 3,500 square miles), it has a large Catholic population, with approximately 126,000 Catholics out of a total population of 202,000 within the parish boundaries. The diocese includes part of Cajun Louisiana. The diocese",
"psg_id": "6407474"
},
{
"title": "Tommy Aaron",
"text": "Hall of Fame as a \"Gator Great.\" Aaron turned pro in 1960. His first professional victory came at the 1969 Canadian Open. The following year he gained his first PGA Tour victory at the Atlanta Classic. In 1972, he won the Trophée Lancôme in France. Aaron's best money year was 1972, when he finished in ninth place on the PGA Tour money list. Aaron won the Masters Tournament in 1973, which was his one major championship. He also finished in the top ten at the Masters from 1967 to 1970. His only other top ten major championship finishes came at",
"psg_id": "5227456"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Johnson (musician)",
"text": "Billboard Music Award, and was honored as \"Producer Of The Year\" at the New England Music Awards in 2012. Aaron owns the production company \"Little Big Time Productions\" operating out of Little Big Studio in San Clemente, CA. He was the guitarist for the New York city-based rock band God or Julie before taking on mixing and producing full-time. Aaron is the brother of filmmaker Rian Johnson. Aaron Johnson (musician) Aaron Howard Johnson (born February 8, 1977) is an American music producer. Aaron has produced and mixed many artists including Alpha Rev, Secondhand Serenade, Katie Herzig, Adam Ezra, and Eve6,",
"psg_id": "11762455"
},
{
"title": "Aaron (given name)",
"text": "in the BBC production of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus. The English name \"Aaron\" is sometimes confused with the English name \"Aron\" which is also derived from the biblical Aaron but through translation routes other than the Church of England (e.g. Scandinavian and Celtic churches) and pronounced /ærən/ (\"a-ran\" as in \"arrow\"). It is further sometimes confused with the names Arran and Aran which are also pronounced /ærən/ (\"a-ran\" as in \"arrow\") but derive from various sources unrelated to the biblical Aaron such as the Scottish Isle of Arran and Irish Aran Islands. Aeron is another unrelated name, pronounced air-ron, of an",
"psg_id": "8958690"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Barrett",
"text": "Suburban Legends' song, \"My Friend,\" which pays homage to Barrett's career, referencing Reel Big Fish, The Forces of Evil, and \"Sell Out.\" Barrett has also produced Beebs and Her Money Makers. He appears as a guest on the song \"Crazy.\" He is also seen in the video for the song. In early 2018, he started working on his new album “Scottish Highland”, set to debut in November 2018 with the single “Scotch Egg”. Studio Albums Live Album Compilation Albums EPs Demos Other Album Credits Aaron Barrett Aaron Asher Barrett (born August 30, 1974) is the lead singer, lead guitarist, and",
"psg_id": "5246253"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Novik",
"text": "Aaron Novik Aaron Novik (born July 21, 1974) is an American composer, clarinetist and bandleader based in San Francisco. He is involved with the Bay Area Improv Scene and is a member of Edmund Welles The Bass Clarinet Quartet which was a 2004 recipient of a New Works Creation and Presentation grant from Chamber Music America. Novik has appeared in San Francisco and New York City with guitarist Fred Frith re-creating his 1980 avant-garde dance album, \"Gravity\". Novik's most recent album \"Secrets of Secrets\" was released on John Zorn's Tzadik Records in February 2012 as part of the Radical Jewish",
"psg_id": "17607561"
},
{
"title": "Songs I Wish I Had Sung the First Time Around",
"text": "of them are great songs which have been closely identified with – in fact, almost the personal property of great names in the business – 'April Showers,' 'Blue Heaven,' 'Thanks for the Memory,' 'Ain’t Misbehavin',' etc. Crosby gives them a personalized treatment for sure-fire deejay programming material.\" All personnel as listed on the Bing Crosby Enterprises and Universal Music deluxe, 22-track CD version: Buddy Cole (piano); Vince Terri (guitar); Don Whitaker (bass); Nick Fatool (drums); Skeets Herfurt, Harry Klee, Ted Nash (alto saxophones); Jules Jacob (tenor saxophone); Robert Lawson (baritone saxophone); Lou Raderman, Henry Hill, Ben Gill, Victor Arno, Toscha",
"psg_id": "8658945"
},
{
"title": "Aaron",
"text": "is said: \"There [at Mosera] died Aaron.\" The rabbis also dwell with special laudation on the brotherly sentiment which united Aaron and Moses. When the latter was appointed ruler and Aaron high priest, neither betrayed any jealousy; instead they rejoiced in one another's greatness. When Moses at first declined to go to Pharaoh, saying: \"O my Lord, send, I pray thee, by the hand of him whom thou wilt send\" (Exodus 4:13), he was unwilling to deprive Aaron, his brother, of the high position the latter had held for so many years; but the Lord reassured him, saying: \"Behold, when",
"psg_id": "21"
},
{
"title": "Aaron the Tyrant",
"text": "received news that Aaron intended to \"place himself and his belongings under [Poland's] protection\"; in contrast, Paprocki noted that Aaron was accused of conspiring mainly with Andrew Báthory, the Prince's cousin and main rival. A fragmentary Wallachian chronicle, copied by Stoica Ludescu, describes all such allegations of treason as \"mendacious charges\". Similarly, Xenopol notes that the accusation itself is incongruous, since Aaron had already made a public show of his disdain for Murad. He believes that Prince Báthory was in fact angered by Aaron having declined to swear fealty during a public ceremony, which was set to take place in",
"psg_id": "6624074"
}
] | [
"t–bone walker",
"t bone walker",
"aaron thibeaux walker",
"t. bone walker",
"t-bone walker",
"aaron t-bone walker",
"t-bone walker"
] |
who first coined the term paradigm for all the factors that influence the scientist's research? | [
{
"title": "Paradigm",
"text": "word \"paradigm\" is in the sense of \"worldview\". For example, in social science, the term is used to describe the set of experiences, beliefs and values that affect the way an individual perceives reality and responds to that perception. Social scientists have adopted the Kuhnian phrase \"paradigm shift\" to denote a change in how a given society goes about organizing and understanding reality. A \"dominant paradigm\" refers to the values, or system of thought, in a society that are most standard and widely held at a given time. Dominant paradigms are shaped both by the community's cultural background and by",
"psg_id": "1493386"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Structure–conduct–performance paradigm",
"text": "market structure. Additionally, external factors such as legal or political interventions affect the market framework and, by extension, the structure, conduct and performance of the market. Structure–conduct–performance paradigm The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933, and developed by Joe S. Bain is a model in Industrial Organization Economics which offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets. According to the structure–conduct–performance paradigm, the market environment has a direct, short-term impact on the market structure. The market structure then has a direct influence on the firm's economic",
"psg_id": "17365530"
},
{
"title": "Structure–conduct–performance paradigm",
"text": "Structure–conduct–performance paradigm The structure–conduct–performance (SCP) paradigm, first published by economists Edward Chamberlin and Joan Robinson in 1933, and developed by Joe S. Bain is a model in Industrial Organization Economics which offers a causal theoretical explanation for firm performance through economic conduct on incomplete markets. According to the structure–conduct–performance paradigm, the market environment has a direct, short-term impact on the market structure. The market structure then has a direct influence on the firm's economic conduct, which in turn affects its market performance. Therein, feedback effects occur such that market performance may impact conduct and structure, or conduct may affect the",
"psg_id": "17365529"
},
{
"title": "Scientist",
"text": "Scientist A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term \"scientist\" came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833. In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an area of science and pursue careers in various sectors of the economy",
"psg_id": "359722"
},
{
"title": "Scientist",
"text": "rose from only 385 in 1975 to more than 11000 in 1985. Scientist A scientist is someone who conducts scientific research to advance knowledge in an area of interest. In classical antiquity, there was no real ancient analog of a modern scientist. Instead, philosophers engaged in the philosophical study of nature called natural philosophy, a precursor of natural science. It was not until the 19th century that the term \"scientist\" came into regular use after it was coined by the theologian, philosopher, and historian of science William Whewell in 1833. In modern times, many scientists have advanced degrees in an",
"psg_id": "359742"
},
{
"title": "The Paradigm Shift",
"text": "The Paradigm Shift The Paradigm Shift is the eleventh studio album by American nu metal band Korn. The album was produced by Don Gilmore and was released in the United States on October 8, 2013. It is the first Korn album to feature original guitarist Brian \"Head\" Welch since 2003's \"Take a Look in the Mirror\". Following the year after the release of \"The Path of Totality\", Korn had begun proposing ideas for their next album. James \"Munky\" Shaffer stated that the album would contain darker elements similar to \"Issues\" (1999) mixed with the heaviness of \"Untouchables\" (2002). On May",
"psg_id": "17413287"
},
{
"title": "The Amateur Scientist",
"text": "The Amateur Scientist The Amateur Scientist was a column in the \"Scientific American\", and was the definitive \"how-to\" resource for citizen-scientists for over 72 years (1928–2001), making it the longest running column in \"Scientific American\"s history. The column was regarded for revealing the brass-tacks secrets of research and showing home-based experimenters how to make original discoveries using only inexpensive materials. Since its début in 1928, \"The Amateur Scientist\" was a primary resource for science fair projects. It also inspired amateur experimenters, launched careers in science, and enjoyed a place of honor in classrooms and school libraries all over the world.",
"psg_id": "2655617"
},
{
"title": "Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm",
"text": "the criminal justice system, and the DRM paradigm has been a useful tool for assessing factors that might influence false memory formation. Using the DRM paradigm, scientists have been able to show that, while learning under stress reduces overall recall, it does not influence false recall or recognition. This suggests that victims and witnesses of stressful crimes are no more likely to create false memories of the crime than they are to create false memories of other everyday events. Investigating the controversial issue of recovered memories for childhood sexual abuse, researchers have turned to DRM lists. Researchers have shown that",
"psg_id": "15901947"
},
{
"title": "Institute for Plasma Research",
"text": "with representatives from Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Bombay and Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Calcutta; top level State Government officers and some local members. The first Chairman of the Governing Council was Professor Predhiman Krishan Kaw(died June, 18, 2017 of Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar), a world-renowned Plasma Scientist who took keen interest for the all-round development of the Centre. After the expiry of its 3 years' term, the Governing Council of the Centre was reconstituted by the Education Department with Prof. A.C. Das, Dean of Physical Research Laboratory as its",
"psg_id": "7280697"
},
{
"title": "S. Christopher",
"text": "S. Christopher S Christopher is an Indian scientist who currently serves as Chairman of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Formerly he was director of the Centre for Airborne Systems. He is also the author of various research publications. Christopher is credited to have directed the manufacturing of India's first indigenous AEW&C system. He received various distinguished awards including the Best Defence Research and Development Organisation - Outstanding Scientist for 2012. He was appointed as Chairman of the DRDO on 29 May 2015 for a two-year term. He further got extension of 1year. Christopher obtained his BE (Hons) in",
"psg_id": "17110381"
},
{
"title": "The Paradigm Shift",
"text": "be Korn's best album ever, but \"The Paradigm Shift\" is Korn's best album since \"Untouchables\" and metal fans could do a lot worse than that\". This is while Classic Rock Magazine stated \"It's Korn's most significant album in a long time\" about the album. \"The Paradigm Shift\" sold 46,000 copies in the United States in its first week of release, and debuted and peaked at No. 8 on the \"Billboard\" 200, making it Korn's twelfth studio album to peak in the top ten. The album has sold 174,000 copies as of September 2016 in the US. The Paradigm Shift The",
"psg_id": "17413294"
},
{
"title": "The Amateur Scientist",
"text": "the column remained available to Scientific American paid subscribers via their website. Carlson, along with co-editor Sheldon Greaves, Ph.D., created \"The Amateur Scientist-The Complete Collection\", a CD-ROM containing all the articles in a fully text-searchable HTML format. Sometime after 2007 the \"Scientific American\" removed the subscriber-only requirement for certain years of the magazine, making \"The Amateur Scientist\" column for 1999-2001 available online. The Amateur Scientist The Amateur Scientist was a column in the \"Scientific American\", and was the definitive \"how-to\" resource for citizen-scientists for over 72 years (1928–2001), making it the longest running column in \"Scientific American\"s history. The column",
"psg_id": "2655626"
},
{
"title": "The Man and the Challenge",
"text": "Fonda and Allen Case, respectively. In 1967, \"The Man and the Challenge\" was introduced in West Germany. Series producer Ivan Tors called the show \"The first to portray a scientist who does exciting things and is not a stuffed shirt\". The Man and the Challenge The Man and the Challenge is a 36-segment half-hour television adventure/science fiction series which ran new episodes on NBC from September 12, 1959, to June 11, 1960. It starred George Nader as Dr. Glenn Barton, a research scientist for the Institute of Human Factors, an agency that conducted experiments designed to measure human endurance for",
"psg_id": "12777498"
},
{
"title": "CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute",
"text": "established in 1988 in the Belur Campus of the National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bengaluru. The current Scientist-in-Charge of the centre is Dr.Vidyadhar Y Mudkavi The institute offers opportunities of summer projects for B.E. / M.Sc. / M.Tech students twice a year. CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute The CSIR Fourth Paradigm Institute (CSIR-4PI) formerly CMMACS is a unit of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The centre is involved in developing modelling approaches for illuminating the structure and evolution of complex systems. In the late 1980s the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research realised the increasing importance of mathematical modelling and",
"psg_id": "15731266"
},
{
"title": "The Amateur Scientist",
"text": "for Radio Shack and an amateur scientist. However, during a conversation between Mims and the publisher, it came up that Mims was an evangelical Christian and creationist who rejected the science of evolution. Not wanting to be perceived as supporting Creationism, \"Scientific American\" rescinded their offer. Mims charged religious discrimination without success. Ultimately, the magazine published just three of Mims' articles, along with several letters to the editor concerning his firing. Although the incident did not diminish \"Scientific American\"s commitment to the column, it did make the editors reluctant to offer the column to another amateur scientist. The magazine invited",
"psg_id": "2655623"
},
{
"title": "The Amateur Scientist",
"text": "Although always accessible to an amateur's budget, projects from \"The Amateur Scientist\" were often elegant and sophisticated. Some designs were so innovative that they set new standards in a field. Indeed, professionals continue to borrow from \"The Amateur Scientist\" to find low-cost solutions to real-world research problems. \"The Amateur Scientist\" traces its pedigree to May 1928, when Albert G. Ingalls began the column as \"The Back Yard Astronomer.\" Ingalls told amateurs how they could get personally involved in astronomy by building professional-quality instruments and carrying out cutting-edge observations. The first sentence in the new column stated: \"Here we amateur telescope",
"psg_id": "2655618"
},
{
"title": "Essential factors model",
"text": "environment giving the 100% paradigm: 100% / 100% / 100% paradigm – It is the purpose of the Essential Factors model to attempt to use value-neutral language to give maximum “meaning” and minimum “affect”. This will not always be the case but it is suggested that the use of the word “cause” and “human error” by an accident investigator during data collection and interview phases, will have a potentially greater negative response than the use of alternative words. All essential factors differ in controlability. Each essential factor, once identified is able to be reviewed for potential points of control. That",
"psg_id": "12443055"
},
{
"title": "The Scientist (magazine)",
"text": "viewership of more than 2.6 million page views: \"The Scientist\" has won many awards, including most recently: The Scientist (magazine) The Scientist is a professional magazine intended for life scientists. Coverage includes reviews of widely noticed research papers, informing its audience of current research, updates to technology, updates to career information, profiles of scientists achieving notoriety, as well as other columns and reports of interest to its audience. The editor-in-chief is Mary Beth Aberlin. The magazine has been published monthly since 1986 and is available in print and online. \"The Scientist\" was published by the Faculty of 1000 until October",
"psg_id": "4941890"
},
{
"title": "The Structure of Scientific Revolutions",
"text": "are not ‘the given’ of experience but rather ‘the collected with diffculty.’ They are not what the scientist sees—at least not before his research is well advanced and his attention focused. Rather, they are concrete indices to the content of more elementary perceptions, and as such they are selected for the close scrutiny of normal research only because they promise opportunity for the fruitful elaboration of an accepted paradigm. Far more clearly than the immediate experience from which they in part derive, operations and measurements are paradigm-determined. Science does not deal in all possible laboratory manipulations. Instead, it selects those",
"psg_id": "2102431"
},
{
"title": "The First Church of Christ, Scientist",
"text": "Mary Baker Eddy Library; Reflection Hall (1971); Administration Building (1972); and Colonnade Building (1972). There is also a reflecting pool and fountain. In accordance with the \"Manual of The Mother Church\", the Mother Church is the only Christian Science church to use the definite article (\"the\") in its title. Branch churches are named \"First Church of Christ, Scientist\", \"Second Church of Christ, Scientist\", and so on, followed by the name of the city, in the order in which they were built in that city (for example, Seventeenth Church of Christ, Scientist, Chicago). The Original Mother Church, designed by Franklin I.",
"psg_id": "5238462"
},
{
"title": "The Hedgehog, the Fox, and the Magister's Pox",
"text": "be scientifically modeled with associated benefits of acquired knowledge and applications. Gould includes an analysis of E. O. Wilson's book \"Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge\" within the larger scope of his recommendations for a confederation of the physical sciences and humanities. He also provides an exegesis of texts participating in the development of the word \"consilience\" within a larger historical context of the concept's inception by Reverend William Whewell, who also coined the term \"scientist\", and whom Gould proclaims as \"the first modernist with joint command of both history and philosophy in the analysis of science\" (Whewell being best known",
"psg_id": "9012151"
},
{
"title": "The Elements of Influence",
"text": "of Influence, a classification of the units of influence into an ontology. The Standard Table of Influence consists of 25 irreducibly unique influence stratagems (since revised down to 24, see below), organized by a three-class and eight-subclass superstructure. The table’s concise organization into a stable decision-support system for influence has led some practitioners to refer to it as “the Rosetta Stone of influence.” In addition to the Standard Table of Influence, \"The Elements of Influence\" details various other supporting tools and resources for the understanding and application of influence, including the Standard Cycle of Influence, Standard Factors of Influence, the",
"psg_id": "16207511"
},
{
"title": "Independent scientist",
"text": "on to win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1978. Chemist Luis Leloir funded the research institute he headed, the Institute for Biochemical Research, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. He won the Nobel Prize for chemistry in 1970. There are today several virtual research institutes for independent scientists. Independent scientist An independent scientist (modern gender-neutral term historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body. The expression \"gentleman scientist\" arose in post-Renaissance Europe, but became less common in",
"psg_id": "9241650"
},
{
"title": "The Scientist (magazine)",
"text": "The Scientist (magazine) The Scientist is a professional magazine intended for life scientists. Coverage includes reviews of widely noticed research papers, informing its audience of current research, updates to technology, updates to career information, profiles of scientists achieving notoriety, as well as other columns and reports of interest to its audience. The editor-in-chief is Mary Beth Aberlin. The magazine has been published monthly since 1986 and is available in print and online. \"The Scientist\" was published by the Faculty of 1000 until October 2011. Its closure was announced in October 2011, but then the LabX Media Group announced its intent",
"psg_id": "4941885"
},
{
"title": "The First Church of Christ, Scientist",
"text": "Restoration of the library’s 81,000-square foot portion of the building began in 1998, and the final renovation and additional construction were completed in 2002. The First Church of Christ, Scientist The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book \"Science and Health\" (1875). The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 14.5-acre Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The center",
"psg_id": "5238466"
},
{
"title": "The First Church of Christ, Scientist",
"text": "The First Church of Christ, Scientist The First Church of Christ, Scientist is the administrative headquarters and mother church of the Church of Christ, Scientist, also known as the Christian Science church. Christian Science was founded in the 19th century in Lynn, Massachusetts, by Mary Baker Eddy with the publication of her book \"Science and Health\" (1875). The First Church of Christ, Scientist, is located in the 14.5-acre Christian Science Center in Boston, Massachusetts. The center is owned by the church and contains the Original Mother Church (1894); Mother Church Extension (1906); Christian Science Publishing House (1934), which houses the",
"psg_id": "5238461"
},
{
"title": "The First Church of Christ, Scientist",
"text": "Welch, was completed in December 1894, eight years after the first Christian Science church, First Church of Christ, Scientist (Oconto, Wisconsin), was built by local women who felt they had been helped by the religion. Although fairly large for the time, the original church, a Romanesque Revival stone structure, is often overlooked because it is dwarfed by the much larger domed Mother Church Extension. Designed to fit on a kite-shaped lot, the former features a 126-foot (38 m) steeple and an octagonal auditorium that seats 900. It is built of granite from New Hampshire, Mary Baker Eddy's home state. Added",
"psg_id": "5238463"
},
{
"title": "Mark S. Miller",
"text": "Mark S. Miller Mark S. Miller is an American computer scientist. He is known for his work as one of the participants in the 1979 hypertext project known as Project Xanadu; for inventing Miller columns; as the co-creator of the Agoric Paradigm of market-based distributed secure computing; and the open-source coordinator of the E programming language. He also designed the Caja programming language. Miller earned a BS in computer science from Yale in 1980 and published his Johns Hopkins PhD thesis in 2006. Previously Chief Architect with the Virus-Safe Computing Initiative at HP Labs, he is now a research scientist",
"psg_id": "7600853"
},
{
"title": "David S. Salomon",
"text": "of Developmental Biology in the National Institute of Dental Research. By 1999, he was head of the Tumor Growth Factor Section of the Center for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute. Currently, Scientist Emeritus at the Tumor Growth Factor Section, he has been studying the interaction of growth factors and oncogenes in the etiology of breast and colon cancer. David S. Salomon David S. Salomon, Ph.D. (born 1947) is a cancer research scientist and co-discoverer of the Cripto-1 gene. His areas of research include stem cells, cell signaling, breast cancer, mammary gland development, small molecule inhibitors, and embryonic development.",
"psg_id": "20048518"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm (experimental)",
"text": "a product of artifacts engendered by the use of a particular paradigm.\" The three core factors of paradigm design may be considered: \"(a) ...the 'nuts and bolts' of the paradigm itself...; (b) ...implementation concerns...; and (c) resources available.\" For example, the stop-signal paradigm, \"is a popular experimental paradigm to study response inhibition.\" The cooperative pulling paradigm is used to study cooperation. The weather prediction test is a paradigm used to study procedural learning. Other examples include Skinner boxes, rat mazes, and trajectory mapping. Paradigm (experimental) In the behavioural sciences (e.g. psychology, biology, neurosciences), an experimental paradigm, is an experimental setup",
"psg_id": "3313581"
},
{
"title": "The Paradigm Shift",
"text": "by Munky: The standard edition of the album features 11 new tracks, while the deluxe edition contains an additional two tracks and a bonus DVD documenting the return of co-founding guitarist Brian \"Head\" Welch. A special edition of the album was released on July 22, 2014 as \"The Paradigm Shift: World Tour Edition\". It contains brand new studio and live recordings. The first new track, \"Hater\", was released as a single on June 19. \"The Paradigm Shift\" has received generally positive reviews. Metacritic scores the album with a rating of 65, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Max Barrett of Rock Sound",
"psg_id": "17413292"
},
{
"title": "Clinical pharmaceutical scientist",
"text": "of preclinical, clinical, outcomes, and translational research, with translation research representing the middle ground between preclinical and clinical research. Subjects of interest to clinical pharmaceutical scientists in their respective field may involve the following: The duties of clinical pharmaceutical scientists can be broadly divided into two categories: scientific and clinical duties: Clinical pharmaceutical scientist A clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical pharmaceutical scientists are a type of clinician scientist, analogous to physician-scientists. The term clinical pharmaceutical scientist is distinct from the term pharmaceutical scientist,",
"psg_id": "20163903"
},
{
"title": "Design paradigm",
"text": "Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science, which carries at least two main meanings: While the first meaning of \"design paradigm\" refers to exemplary design solutions that create \"design trends\", the second meaning refers to what a group of people expects from a type of design solutions. The term \"design paradigm\" is used within the design professions, including architecture, industrial design and engineering design, to indicate an archetypal solution. Thus a Swiss Army Knife is a design paradigm illustrating the concept of a single object that",
"psg_id": "4020860"
},
{
"title": "Communibiology",
"text": "Communibiology Communibiology is a term referring to a research paradigm that emphasizes the \"neurobiological foundations of human communication behavior\". Communibiologists take the nature side of the nature versus nurture debate in communication development. The communibiological paradigm was developed by Beatty and McCroskey as an alternative to the nature side supporting social learning paradigm. They believe genetics to be far more important in the development of communication behavior than learning processes and the environment. These researchers do concede, however, that genetic factors are not the sole source of communication behavior. One accepted ratio is 20% influence of cultural, situational, or environmental",
"psg_id": "13614634"
},
{
"title": "The Cramps",
"text": "Trashmen, The Green Fuz and The Sonics, as well as the post-glam/early punk scene from which they emerged, as well as citing Ricky Nelson as being an influence during numerous interviews. They also were influenced to a degree by the Ramones and Screamin' Jay Hawkins, who were an influence for their style of theatrical horror-blues. In turn, The Cramps have influenced countless subsequent bands in the garage, punk and revival rockabilly styles, and helped create the psychobilly genre. \"Psychobilly\" was a term coined by The Cramps, although Lux Interior maintained that the term did not describe their own style. Lux",
"psg_id": "432300"
},
{
"title": "First Church of Christ, Scientist, Brisbane",
"text": "and a distinctive example of a Christian Science church. The First Church of Christ, Scientist, Brisbane is an important building in the evolution of architecture in Queensland. Designed by Lucas and Cummings Architects, leaders in all aspects of the architectural profession in Queensland in the first half of the 20th century, it demonstrates the influence of modernist architectural ideas and practices that developed initially in Europe and became the dominant trend in architecture from the mid-twentieth century. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The First Church of Christ Scientist, Brisbane,",
"psg_id": "20589268"
},
{
"title": "Clinical pharmaceutical scientist",
"text": "Clinical pharmaceutical scientist A clinical pharmaceutical scientist (or pharmacist-scientist) is a licensed, practicing pharmacist who also functions as an independent researcher in the pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical pharmaceutical scientists are a type of clinician scientist, analogous to physician-scientists. The term clinical pharmaceutical scientist is distinct from the term pharmaceutical scientist, in that a clinical pharmaceutical scientist is a practicing clinical pharmacist involved in science relating to the discovery and/or development of pharmaceuticals, the development of new knowledge improving the use of pharmaceuticals in clinical practice, or any other subfield of pharmaceutical science (e.g. pharmacoeconomics, pharmacokinetics, outcomes research), while a pharmaceutical scientist",
"psg_id": "20163890"
},
{
"title": "Risk factors for breast cancer",
"text": "are effective for most white women. Research is currently ongoing to define the contribution of both biological and cultural factors. Part of the differences in incidence that is attributable to race and economic status may be explained by past use of hormone replacement therapy One research published in 2009 has shown that moderate green tea or black tea consumption (three or more cups per day) can reduce breast cancer risk by 37% in women younger than 50 years old, comparing with women who drank no tea at all. But no association was found for overall women. However that study has",
"psg_id": "11022729"
},
{
"title": "Region of freshwater influence",
"text": "of buoyancy as heat which occurs all over the shelf. Americans usually use the term river plume where Europeans use ROFI. Region of freshwater influence Region of Freshwater Influence (ROFI), a term coined by Prof. John Simpson of the University of Wales, Bangor, and co-authors, in 1993 in Oceanologica Acta for the Rhine river plume. The term refers to regions where rivers debouch into estuaries and coastal shelf seas where the currents patterns are governed by density differences between salt sea water and fresh river water. In other words, a ROFI is the region between the shelf sea regime and",
"psg_id": "10603189"
},
{
"title": "The Scientist (magazine)",
"text": "to purchase and continue publishing it. The Group officially acquired the magazine at the end of October 2011. \"The Scientist\" was founded by Eugene Garfield. Its aim is to provide print and online coverage of the latest developments in life sciences research, technology, and business. Subject matter covered by the magazine includes: Starting with the May 2010 issue, additional sections and features were added from the Faculty of 1000. The additional content includes reviews of highly rated research papers and profiles of up-and-coming scientists. Since 2003, \"The Scientist\" has conducted \"best places to work\" surveys: one for postdoctoral researchers in",
"psg_id": "4941886"
},
{
"title": "Left–right paradigm",
"text": "Left–right paradigm The left–right paradigm is a concept from political sciences and anthropology which proposes that societies have a tendency to divide themselves into ideological opposites. Important contributions to the theory of the paradigm were made by British social anthropologist Rodney Needham, who saw it as a basic human classifying device. It shares affinity with the cultural \"romantic-classic\" paradigm. The term is used to analyze political discourse since the 19th century. It has, however, been suggested that in the 21st century the paradigm will become less useful as a tool of social and political analysis; some of the major current",
"psg_id": "13847891"
},
{
"title": "Pulmonary scientist",
"text": "study and research even though the increase in respiratory related disease is increasing. In Australia there is no register or licensure for Respiratory Care, there is however the Certified Respiratory Function Scientist (CRFS) credential. Australian respiratory therapy is done by physiotherapists who have further specialized in cardiopulmonary therapeutics and the scope not covered by physiotherapists are managed by specialized respiratory nurses. The term Respiratory Scientist is used to describe the profession which is limited to Pulmonary Function Testing. Though there is no official credentialing required, university degrees are required to practice. The Respiratory Scientist is involved in all aspects of",
"psg_id": "15893515"
},
{
"title": "Left–right paradigm",
"text": "body ruling authority over the masses. The two parties act to create divisiveness and influence the general population while keeping control of the political spectrum. The false left–right paradigm political theory is closely related to theory of Inverted totalitarianism and Managed Democracy. The false left–right paradigm theorizes that opposing political groups use their influence over the establishment media to dramatize party warfare distraction, in grand performances of bureaucratic rivalry meant to propagandize and divide the populace. Psychological deception is coordinated on all levels of politics and fed through controlled media outlets to divert attention away from the ruling class's hidden",
"psg_id": "13847895"
},
{
"title": "The Scientist (magazine)",
"text": "has conferred awards for the top innovations in science technology: Nominations are submitted; entries are reviewed by a panel of judges; and the winners are announced annually in the December edition of the magazine. In 2007, \"The Scientist\" started recognizing those laboratories which were best at using the Internet to further science. Labs using YouTube, Wikipedia, JoVE, and other online tools to best collaborate, communicate, and research were nominated by readers around the world. Every year, the magazine invites scientists to contribute videos and offers awards in various categories. \"The Scientist\" offers a website that complements the print version by",
"psg_id": "4941888"
},
{
"title": "Oddball paradigm",
"text": "used. Oddball paradigm The oddball paradigm is an experimental design used within psychology research. Presentations of sequences of repetitive stimuli are infrequently interrupted by a deviant stimulus. The reaction of the participant to this \"oddball\" stimulus is recorded. The oddball method was first used in event-related potential (ERP) research by Nancy Squires, Kenneth Squires and Steven Hillyard at the UC San Diego. In ERP research it has been found that an event-related potential across the parieto-central area of the skull that usually occurs around 300 ms after stimuli presentation called P300 is larger after the target stimulus. The P300 wave",
"psg_id": "14634812"
},
{
"title": "Oddball paradigm",
"text": "Oddball paradigm The oddball paradigm is an experimental design used within psychology research. Presentations of sequences of repetitive stimuli are infrequently interrupted by a deviant stimulus. The reaction of the participant to this \"oddball\" stimulus is recorded. The oddball method was first used in event-related potential (ERP) research by Nancy Squires, Kenneth Squires and Steven Hillyard at the UC San Diego. In ERP research it has been found that an event-related potential across the parieto-central area of the skull that usually occurs around 300 ms after stimuli presentation called P300 is larger after the target stimulus. The P300 wave only",
"psg_id": "14634806"
},
{
"title": "Alexander Laszlo (scientist)",
"text": "Alexander Laszlo (scientist) Alexander Laszlo (*1964) is a polycultural systems scientist, residing in Argentina. Laszlo was the 57th President of the International Society for the Systems Sciences (ISSS), known for his work on systems theories and \"education ecosystems\". He, furthermore, is the President of the Board of Directors of the Bertalanffy Center for the Study of Systems Science (BCSSS), based in Vienna, Austria. He also functions as the Director of Development at the Laszlo Institute of New Paradigm Research (L-INPR), which is based in Lucca, Italy. With his research and work Alexander Laszlo has delivered outstanding contributions in the fields",
"psg_id": "15363831"
},
{
"title": "Non-structured programming",
"text": "Non-structured programming Non-structured programming is the historically earliest programming paradigm capable of creating Turing-complete algorithms. It is often contrasted with the structured programming paradigm, in particular with the use of unstructured control flow using goto statements or equivalent. The distinction was particularly stressed by the publication of the influential \"Go To Statement Considered Harmful\" open letter in 1968 by Dutch computer scientist Edsger W. Dijkstra, who coined the term \"structured programming\". Unstructured programming has been heavily criticized for producing hardly-readable (\"spaghetti\") code. There are both high- and low-level programming languages that use non-structured programming. Some languages commonly cited as being",
"psg_id": "12657544"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm",
"text": "that 'scientific group membership is not concerned with desire, emotions, gain, loss and any idealistic notions concerning the nature and destiny of humankind...but simply to do with aptitude, explanation, [and] cold description of the facts of the world and the universe from within a paradigm'. Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. \"Paradigm\" comes from Greek παράδειγμα (\"paradeigma\"), \"pattern, example, sample\" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (\"paradeiknumi\"), \"exhibit, represent, expose\" and that from παρά (\"para\"), \"beside,",
"psg_id": "1493391"
},
{
"title": "The Amateur Scientist",
"text": "the column in November of that year and immediately returned its focus to cutting-edge science projects that amateurs can do inexpensively at home. Over one million \"Scientific American\" readers turned to \"The Amateur Scientist\" every month. In 1999, Carlson won a MacArthur Fellowship for science education in part for the innovative projects he developed for \"The Amateur Scientist\". In 2001, \"Scientific American\" came under new management. As part of a redesign of the magazine, all of the long-running columns were retired, including \"The Amateur Scientist\". March 2001 was the last time the column ran in \"Scientific American\". Archived versions of",
"psg_id": "2655625"
},
{
"title": "The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine",
"text": "The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine is a book authored by New Historian Ilan Pappé and published in 2006 by One World Oxford. During the 1948 Palestine war, around 720,000 Palestinian Arabs out of the 900,000 who lived in the territories that became Israel fled or were expelled from their homes. The causes of this exodus are controversial and debated by historians. In his own words, Ilan Pappé \"want[s] to make the case for the paradigm of ethnic cleansing and use[s] it to replace the paradigm of war as the basis for the scholarly research of,",
"psg_id": "17155944"
},
{
"title": "For the Term of His Natural Life",
"text": "\"His Convict Bride\" or \"For the Term of Her Natural Life\" (1918) also alluded to Clarke's work. Note that many different editions of this book exist. Dr Lurline Stuart (PhD), Research Associate at the National Centre for Australian Studies at Monash University, has produced an edition that shows a core text and the variations, with detailed commentary, from the other texts that were produced during Clarke's life. See http://hass.unsw.adfa.edu.au/ASEC/HNL_Blurb.html This edition contains various typographical errors throughout the text. For the Term of His Natural Life For the Term of His Natural Life, written by Marcus Clarke, was published in the",
"psg_id": "7776304"
},
{
"title": "Narrative paradigm",
"text": "research refer to it as a general way of viewing communication. The narrative paradigm is generally considered an interpretative theory of communication. It is an especially useful theory for teaching qualitative research methods. Fisher’s theory has been considered for domains ranging from organizational communication to family interaction, to racism, and to advertising. McNamara proposed that the narrative paradigm can be used with military storytelling to enhance the perception of the United States armed services. Stutts and Barker, of Virginia Commonwealth University, proposed that the Narrative Paradigm can be used to evaluate if a company's brand will be well received by",
"psg_id": "5543530"
},
{
"title": "Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate",
"text": "science research center, CARA has produced many surveys; program reviews; archival, historical, and other research for a wide range of organizations ranging from the U. S. Conference of Catholic Bishops to individual dioceses, parishes, and religious institutes. Since its founding, the Center has produced nearly 2,000 research reports. Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate The Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate (CARA) is a national, non-profit, applied social science research center, affiliated with Georgetown University, that studies Catholicism and the Catholic Church. The center opened in March 1965 under its first president, Cardinal John Cody, then archbishop of",
"psg_id": "20556153"
},
{
"title": "European Association for the Study of the Liver",
"text": "Elsevier. The journal publishes original papers, reviews, case reports and letters to the Editor about clinical and basic research in the field of hepatology. EASL offers resources for the following fellowships: Physician Scientist Fellowships, Post-doc Research Fellowship, Entry-level Research Fellowship, Short-term Training Fellowship. European Association for the Study of the Liver The European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) is a European professional association for liver disease. EASL was founded by the German physician Gustav-Adolf Martini in April 1966, in Marburg, Germany, to promote research on the liver and its pathology and to improve therapy for liver disorders.",
"psg_id": "15651974"
},
{
"title": "The Scientist (magazine)",
"text": "all sectors, one for all life scientists working in industry, and one for all life scientists working in academia. These surveys aim to find what aspects of the workplace are most important for job satisfaction and which institutions measure up to those standards. Throughout the year, \"The Scientist\" publishes overviews of these surveys' results, highlighting the top-ranking institutions. \"The Scientist\" conducts an annual survey of researchers, educators, and industry executives across various life science disciplines to learn about their income and job satisfaction. This is a highly valued resource amongst science professionals. Results are published annually. Since 2008, \"The Scientist\"",
"psg_id": "4941887"
},
{
"title": "Georgian verb paradigm",
"text": "Georgian verb paradigm For non-native speakers, Georgian verb conjugation remains a difficult subject even for those who have been studying the language for a while. This is because verbs in Georgian do not tend to conform to a \"universal\" conjugation system like in most European languages. In verb conjugation, there are some important factors to keep track of: Here is a full conjugation of a verb with all persons in all screeves: Verb root შენ, \"shen\"; infinite form აშენება, \"asheneba\" (to build) Present subseries The thematic suffix -ებ, \"-eb\" is present, but without the preverb: Future subseries The preverb \"a-\"",
"psg_id": "5213235"
},
{
"title": "Scientist–practitioner model",
"text": "at all of the conferences. At the Boulder Conference of 1949, this model of training for clinical graduate programs was purposed. Here, it received accreditation by the psychological community and the American Psychological Association. The goal of the scientist-practitioner model is to increase scientific growth within clinical psychology in the United States. It calls for graduate programs to engage and develop psychologists' background in psychological theory, field work, and research methodology. The scientist-practitioner model urges clinicians to allow empirical research to influence their applied practice; while simultaneously, allowing their experiences during applied practice to shape their future research questions. Therefore,",
"psg_id": "7785941"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so",
"psg_id": "20739513"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm",
"text": "the context of the historical moment. Hutchin outlines some conditions that facilitate a system of thought to become an accepted dominant paradigm: The word \"paradigm\" is also still used to indicate a pattern or model or an outstandingly clear or typical example or archetype. The term is frequently used in this sense in the design professions. Design Paradigms or archetypes comprise functional precedents for design solutions. The best known references on design paradigms are \"Design Paradigms: A Sourcebook for Creative Visualization\", by Wake, and \"Design Paradigms\" by Petroski. This term is also used in cybernetics. Here it means (in a",
"psg_id": "1493387"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "violent and most corrupt\" in Philippine modern history, with the term \"Three Gs\", meaning \"guns, goons, and gold\" coined to describe administration's election tactics of vote-buying, terrorism and ballot snatching. Marcos used the military and the government bureaucracy for his campaign, and also went on a campaign spending spree, initiating USD50 million worth in infrastructure projects meant to impress the electorate. The most infamous incidents of violence took place in Batanes, where Philippine Constabulary officers, paramilitary groups and hired guns essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders.",
"psg_id": "20739523"
},
{
"title": "Narrative paradigm",
"text": "making cohesive arguments. Fisher conceptualized the paradigm as a way to combat issues in the public sphere. The issue was that human beings were unable to make cohesive traditional arguments. At the time, rational world paradigm was the theory used to satisfy public controversies. He believed that stories have the power to include beginning, middle, and end of an argument and that the rational world paradigm fails to be effective in sensemaking. Fisher uses the term paradigm rather than theory, meaning a paradigm is broader than a theory. Fisher stated, \"There is no genre, including technical communication, that is not",
"psg_id": "5543523"
},
{
"title": "The Who",
"text": "hits as the Detours, and R&B in 1963. The group move to a mod sound the following year, particularly after hearing the Small Faces fuse Motown with a harsher R&B sound. The group's early work was geared towards singles, though it was not straightforward pop. In 1967, Townshend coined the term \"power pop\" to describe the Who's style. Like their contemporaries, the group were influenced by the arrival of Hendrix, particularly after the Who and the Experience met at Monterey. This and lengthy touring strengthened the band's sound. In the studio, they began to develop softer pieces, particularly from \"Tommy\"",
"psg_id": "470500"
},
{
"title": "The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm",
"text": "The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm The Administrative and Research Centre for the Kurtna Experimental Poultry Farm is one of the major works of Estonian architect Valve Pormeister. Located in Kurtna, Harju County, Estonia and built in 1966, it is the first example of modern architecture in a rural setting and marks the emergence of a new type of modern scientific institution building. It became a model building that was set up as an example for others. Kurtna center started the period of \"cornice architecture\" with Finnish influence together with another Valve Pormeisters work Café",
"psg_id": "20713221"
},
{
"title": "Scientist",
"text": "19th or early 20th century, scientists were still referred to as \"natural philosophers\" or \"men of science\". English philosopher and historian of science William Whewell coined the term \"scientist\" in 1833, and it first appeared in print in Whewell's anonymous 1834 review of Mary Somerville's \"On the Connexion of the Physical Sciences\" published in the \"Quarterly Review\". Whewell's suggestion of the term was partly satirical, a response to changing conceptions of science itself in which natural knowledge was increasingly seen as distinct from other forms of knowledge. Whewell wrote of \"an increasing proclivity of separation and dismemberment\" in the sciences;",
"psg_id": "359731"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm case argument",
"text": "Paradigm case argument In analytic philosophy, the paradigm case argument is an argument which is applied as a rebuttal to the claim that certain concepts, such as free will or knowledge, are meaningless. The paradigm case argument is that if a term, such as \"knowledge\", is regularly applied to some cases and not to others, then that term (and the concept it refers to) cannot truly be undefined, as it clearly has some kind of definition in practice. The argument is so named because it often takes the form of pointing out a \"paradigm case\"—a case which unambiguously falls under",
"psg_id": "18404047"
},
{
"title": "Oddball paradigm",
"text": "is modulated by both stimulus significance and novelty. The classic auditory oddball paradigm can be modified to produce different neural responses and can therefore be used to investigate dysfunctions in sensory and cognitive processing in clinical samples. A unique application of the oddball paradigm is being used heavily in Schizophrenia research to study the effects in neuronal generator patterns in continuous recognition memory, and the endophenotypes, which provide model on genetic relation of psychiatric diseases that represents phenotypes between manifest clinical syndrome and genetic underpinnings. The oddball paradigm has been extended to use outside of ERP research. The oddball paradigm",
"psg_id": "14634810"
},
{
"title": "Global Forum for Health Research",
"text": "Global Forum for Health Research The Global Forum for Health Research is an international foundation headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland established in 1997 to increase the amount of research into global health issues. It coined the phrase 10/90 gap to identify the observation that only 10% of the world's health research spending is targeted at 90% of present health problems. The Global Forum is a partner to the World Health Organization. In her keynote address to the Forum in 1999 Gro Harlem Brundtland, then Director–General of WHO, declared that the Global Forum was key in the involvement of all the various",
"psg_id": "13440501"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm",
"text": "referred to these as research traditions. Laudan noted that some anomalies become \"dormant\", if they survive a long period during which no competing alternative has shown itself capable of resolving the anomaly. He also presented cases in which a dominant paradigm had withered away because its lost credibility when viewed against changes in the wider intellectual milieu. Kuhn himself did not consider the concept of paradigm as appropriate for the social sciences. He explains in his preface to \"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions\" that he developed the concept of paradigm precisely to distinguish the social from the natural sciences. While",
"psg_id": "1493381"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm case argument",
"text": "the common definition of the term, and so can be taken as a definite instance of the supposedly non-existent concept. This argument was commonly applied during the flourishing of linguistic philosophy. Paradigm case argument In analytic philosophy, the paradigm case argument is an argument which is applied as a rebuttal to the claim that certain concepts, such as free will or knowledge, are meaningless. The paradigm case argument is that if a term, such as \"knowledge\", is regularly applied to some cases and not to others, then that term (and the concept it refers to) cannot truly be undefined, as",
"psg_id": "18404048"
},
{
"title": "AmfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research",
"text": "1983 as the Krim-founded AIDS Medical Foundation (AMF), which sought to lessen the stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS diagnoses, as well as to increase funding to the cause. The name change came as a result of the AMF's merge with the California-based National AIDS Research Foundation, which sought to actively engage in HIV-related drug development. What resulted was a foundation that prioritized both research and development as well as policy influence. This foundation was one of the first of its kind to embody both aspects of healthcare. AmfAR currently has three headquarters, located in New York City; Washington D.C.; and Bangkok, Thailand.",
"psg_id": "7143417"
},
{
"title": "The Rabbits Who Caused All the Trouble",
"text": "The Rabbits Who Caused All the Trouble \"The Rabbits who caused all the Trouble\" is a short modern fable written by James Thurber. It first appeared in \"The New Yorker\" on August 26, 1939; and was first collected in his book \"Fables for Our Time and Famous Poems Illustrated\" (Harper and Brothers, 1940). The fable has since been reprinted in \"The Thurber Carnival\" (Harper and Brothers, 1945), \"James Thurber: Writings and Drawings\" (The Library of America, 1996, ), \"The Oxford Book of Modern Fairy Tales\", and other publications. The story is often used in classes that teach English as a",
"psg_id": "13766086"
},
{
"title": "Cooperative pulling paradigm",
"text": "themselves via an apparatus they can not successfully operate alone. The cooperative pulling paradigm is the most popular paradigm for testing cooperation in animals. The type of apparatus used in cooperative pulling experiments can vary. Researcher Meredith Crawford, who invented the experimental paradigm in 1937 while at the Yerkes National Primate Research Center, used an apparatus consisting of two ropes attached to a box that was too heavy to be pulled by a single chimpanzee. The standard apparatus is used in the loose-string task, designed by Hirata in 2003, in which a single string or rope is threaded through loops",
"psg_id": "20528989"
},
{
"title": "First Church of Christ, Scientist (Forest Grove, Oregon)",
"text": "First Church of Christ, Scientist (Forest Grove, Oregon) The former First Church of Christ, Scientist, located at 1904 Pacific Avenue in Forest Grove, Oregon, in the United States is a historic Christian Science church built in 1916. It was designed by Spencer S. Beman, son of the noted designer of Christian Science churches, Solon Spencer Beman who had died in 1914. On January 21, 1994, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. First Church of Christ Scientist, Forest Grove was designed by Chicago architect Spencer S. Beman, son and partner of architect, Solon Spencer Beman. First Church",
"psg_id": "11660357"
},
{
"title": "Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia)",
"text": "Office of the Chief Scientist (Australia) The Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS) is part of the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. Its primary responsibilities are to enable growth and productivity for globally competitive industries. To help realise this vision, the Department has four key objectives: supporting science and commercialisation, growing business investment and improving business capability, streamlining regulation and building a high performance organisation. The Chief Scientist is responsible for advising the Government of Australia on scientific and technological issues. The Chief Scientist chairs the Research Quality Framework \"Development Advisory Group\", the \"National Research Priorities Standing Committee\" and",
"psg_id": "9610752"
},
{
"title": "Institute for Research on Learning",
"text": "Institute for Research on Learning The Institute for Research on Learning (IRL) in Palo Alto, California was co-founded by John Seely Brown, then chief research scientist at the Palo Alto Research Center, and James Greeno, Professor of Education at Stanford University, with the support of David Kearns, CEO of Xerox Corporation in 1986 through a grant from the Xerox Foundation. It operated from 1986 to 2000 as an independent cross-disciplinary think tank with a mission to study learning in all its forms and sites. George Pake, who founded Xerox Palo Alto Research Corporation in 1970 became IRL's first director and",
"psg_id": "14112629"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "would initiate development projects at the barrio level without going through the Barrio and Municipal governments. Marcos also took credit for the dramatic increase in rice production caused by the 1968 introduction of a new \"miracle rice\" variety, IR8, by the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Laguna - although the IRRI program that developed the variety had started as early as 1962, during the Macapagal administration, and was the product of an International consortium, not the Philippine government. During this first term, Marcos also began systematically cultivating a group entrepreneurs and industrialists loyal to him, rather than the",
"psg_id": "20739516"
},
{
"title": "Institute for Research on Learning",
"text": "the client experience for Discovery using Big Data. In Ahram, T., Karwowski, W., and T. Marek (eds.), \"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics AHFE 2014\", Kraków, Poland July 19–23. Institute for Research on Learning The Institute for Research on Learning (IRL) in Palo Alto, California was co-founded by John Seely Brown, then chief research scientist at the Palo Alto Research Center, and James Greeno, Professor of Education at Stanford University, with the support of David Kearns, CEO of Xerox Corporation in 1986 through a grant from the Xerox Foundation. It operated from 1986 to",
"psg_id": "14112644"
},
{
"title": "Tom Connors (research scientist)",
"text": "Tom Connors (research scientist) Professor Thomas Anthony Connors (18 December 1934 – 4 February 2002) was a British cancer research scientist. Connors was for 40 years involved in the development of anti-cancer drugs including cis-platinum and its derivative, carbo-platin, two effective anti-cancer agents. Connors' initial research was under the auspices of mentor and friend Professor Walter Ross at the Chester Beatty Institute where he gained his Doctorate in 1960. In 1976 Connors' career expanded into the field of toxicology and he was appointed Director of the Medical Research Council's toxicology unit. Connors also sat on committees including the Cancer Research",
"psg_id": "18916437"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm",
"text": "Paradigm In science and philosophy, a paradigm () is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field. \"Paradigm\" comes from Greek παράδειγμα (\"paradeigma\"), \"pattern, example, sample\" from the verb παραδείκνυμι (\"paradeiknumi\"), \"exhibit, represent, expose\" and that from παρά (\"para\"), \"beside, beyond\" and δείκνυμι (\"deiknumi\"), \"to show, to point out\". In rhetoric, \"paradeigma\" is known as a type of proof. The purpose of \"paradeigma\" is to provide an audience with an illustration of similar occurrences. This illustration is not meant to take the audience to a",
"psg_id": "1493361"
},
{
"title": "Margaret Hamilton (scientist)",
"text": "Margaret Hamilton (scientist) Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner. She is credited with coining the term \"software engineering\". Hamilton was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. In 1986, she became the founder and CEO of Hamilton Technologies, Inc., in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The company was developed around the Universal Systems Language based on her paradigm of Development Before the Fact (DBTF) for systems and software design. Hamilton has published over 130 papers, proceedings, and reports",
"psg_id": "14778998"
},
{
"title": "Design paradigm",
"text": "from computer hardware to musical composition. The design paradigms concept has proven so powerful in traditional fields of design, that it has inspired a branch of computer science, where computational analogies to design paradigms are commonly called software design patterns. Importantly however, in design professions the term \"design pattern\" usually describes a 2-dimensional structure, whereas the term \"design paradigm\" (or model) usually implies a higher order, having 3 or more dimensions. Design paradigm The concept of design paradigms derives from the rather ambiguous idea of paradigm originating in the sociology of science, which carries at least two main meanings: While",
"psg_id": "4020863"
},
{
"title": "The Society for Basic Urologic Research",
"text": "For more information: http://www.sbur.org/ The Society for Basic Urologic Research The Society for Basic Urologic Research (SBUR) is a US-based basic urological researcher's society with ~600 active members in the US, Europe and Asia, including laboratory and physician scientists (Ph.D.'s, M.D.'s, M.D.-Ph.D.'s, and trainees) in academia, industry and the government. The major research interest areas are normal physiology and pathophysiology of the organs in the genitourinary system including the kidney, the bladder, the prostate, the testis and the penis. The SBUR holds two annual meetings each year. The SBUR Spring meeting in May of each year is part of the",
"psg_id": "12045651"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm Entertainment",
"text": "Paradigm Entertainment Paradigm Entertainment (previously part of Paradigm Simulation) was an American video game development company. Paradigm is perhaps best known for its vehicle simulation games. Founded as a 3D computer graphics company in 1990, Paradigm primarily worked on realistic flight simulation technology for major space and aviation clients. The company got its start in game development when it was contacted by Nintendo in 1994 to aid in the creation of one of the Nintendo 64's launch titles, \"Pilotwings 64\". The game was a critical and commercial success for the developer, causing the simulation and entertainment divisions of Paradigm to",
"psg_id": "7623609"
},
{
"title": "History of science in the Renaissance",
"text": "over study of natural philosophy or applied mathematics. Others have focused on the positive influence of the Renaissance, pointing to factors like the rediscovery of lost or obscure texts and the increased emphasis on the study of language and the correct reading of texts. Marie Boas Hall coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution, 1450–1630. More recently, Peter Dear has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science: a \"Scientific Renaissance\" of the 15th and 16th centuries, focused on the restoration of the natural knowledge of the ancients; and a \"Scientific Revolution\"",
"psg_id": "7217464"
},
{
"title": "Knitting Under the Influence",
"text": "decade ago? Caught between life, love, and pursuit of the perfect cast-on, these three friends learn that there are never any easy answers, except maybe one-that when the going gets tough, the tough gets knitting. \"Jane Austen invented 'chick lit' (if that term means witty novels that closely observe the details that matter to women), and this intelligent, hilarious book is peopled with wise yet flawed women who, like the best of Austen's heroines, always choose love over 'marrying well.'\" -Cathryn Michon, author of \"The Grrl Genius Guide to Life\" \"Filled with lovable characters, KNITTING UNDER THE INFLUENCE is a",
"psg_id": "10050245"
},
{
"title": "Center for Strategic Studies under the President of Azerbaijan",
"text": "foreign policy, examine geopolitical events and international problems, make forecasts on future developments and research the factors which could influence relevant processes. Through publications, brainstorming meetings, conferences and policy recommendations, SAM conducts rigorous research with a forward-looking policy orientation, thus bringing new perspectives to strategic discussions and contributing to the informed decision making mechanisms in Azerbaijan. Taking account of all these duties, SAM prepares various programs, theories and doctrines corresponding to Azerbaijan's state interests and national security. The Center for Strategic Studies is divided into main departments that help to carry out its objectives. This department conducts scientific and conceptual",
"psg_id": "13604099"
},
{
"title": "The Society for Basic Urologic Research",
"text": "The Society for Basic Urologic Research The Society for Basic Urologic Research (SBUR) is a US-based basic urological researcher's society with ~600 active members in the US, Europe and Asia, including laboratory and physician scientists (Ph.D.'s, M.D.'s, M.D.-Ph.D.'s, and trainees) in academia, industry and the government. The major research interest areas are normal physiology and pathophysiology of the organs in the genitourinary system including the kidney, the bladder, the prostate, the testis and the penis. The SBUR holds two annual meetings each year. The SBUR Spring meeting in May of each year is part of the American Urological Association's (AUA)",
"psg_id": "12045643"
},
{
"title": "Vitiating factors in the law of contract",
"text": "Vitiating factors in the law of contract In English law, a vitiating factor in the common law of contract is a factor that can affect the validity of a contract. The concept has been adopted in other common law jurisdictions, including the USA. A vitiating factor is one which spoils the contract, rendering it imperfect. The standard remedy is rescission, but damages may also be available. (By contrast, the standard remedy for breach of contract is damages, with repudiation available for serious breach only). The main vitiating factors in the law of contract are: misrepresentation, mistake, undue influence, duress, incapacity,",
"psg_id": "13253965"
},
{
"title": "The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research",
"text": "Beatson in 1976 to its present location on the Garscube Estate, where it has since interacted closely with researchers at the University of Glasgow. Professor John Wyke became Director in 1987 and Professor Karen Vousden was appointed as Director in 2002. In 2016, Karen went on to become CRUK’s chief scientist and Prof Owen Sansom took over as Director, having served as Deputy Director since 2011. The Institute moved in 2008 to a new research building built by Reiach and Hall Architects with modern laboratory space, dedicated areas for equipment, several meeting rooms and a lecture theatre. Research groups at",
"psg_id": "19600987"
},
{
"title": "Independent scientist",
"text": "Independent scientist An independent scientist (modern gender-neutral term historically also known as gentleman scientist) is a financially independent scientist who pursues scientific study without direct affiliation to a public institution such as a university or government-run research and development body. The expression \"gentleman scientist\" arose in post-Renaissance Europe, but became less common in the 20th century as government and private funding increased. Most independent scientists have at some point in their career been affiliated with some academic institution, such as Charles Darwin, who was affiliated with the Geological Society of London. Self-funded scientists practiced more commonly from the Renaissance until",
"psg_id": "9241646"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm",
"text": "of science. Perhaps the greatest barrier to a paradigm shift, in some cases, is the reality of paradigm paralysis: the inability or refusal to see beyond the current models of thinking. This is similar to what psychologists term confirmation bias. Examples include rejection of Aristarchus of Samos', Copernicus', and Galileo's theory of a heliocentric solar system, the discovery of electrostatic photography, xerography and the quartz clock. Kuhn pointed out that it could be difficult to assess whether a particular paradigm shift had actually led to progress, in the sense of explaining more facts, explaining more important facts, or providing better",
"psg_id": "1493374"
},
{
"title": "We're All Together Again for the First Time",
"text": "We're All Together Again for the First Time We're All Together Again for the First Time is a 1973 live album by Dave Brubeck and his quintet recorded at various locations in Europe. The album peaked at 20 on the \"Billboard\" Top Jazz Charts. \"Truth\", \"Unfinished Woman\" and \"Take Five\" were recorded at the Berliner Philharmonie, \"Koto Song\" was recorded at the Paris Olympia and \"Rotterdam Blues\" and \"Sweet Georgia Brown\" at the De Doelen concert hall in Rotterdam. The album was reviewed by Scott Yanow at Allmusic who wrote that \"For this very logical record, altoist Paul Desmond...makes the",
"psg_id": "19152008"
},
{
"title": "The Scientist (magazine)",
"text": "offering life science news and interactive multimedia features. The current month's magazine content, news blogs, and podcasts are freely available with registration, while premium subscribers are also given access to the magazine's archives of articles, news, and editorials. In 2011, \"The Scientist\" launched a Facebook page to deliver its content in the social media realm. The page now has more than 1.5 million page likes and fosters a highly engaged community of readers. The following year, \"The Scientist\" launched special interest Facebook pages to share the latest research developments in six different life science topics. These pages boast a combined",
"psg_id": "4941889"
},
{
"title": "The Scientist (Arrow)",
"text": "Amell stars as Oliver, alongside Katie Cassidy, David Ramsey, Willa Holland, Emily Bett Rickards, Colton Haynes, Manu Bennett, Susanna Thompson, and Paul Blackthorne. The episode introduces guest star Grant Gustin as Barry Allen, who arrives in Starling City to personally investigate a superhuman-related crime. \"The Scientist\" originally aired on The CW on December 4, 2013, and was watched by 3.24 million viewers according to Nielsen Media Research. It had a season high viewership and a series high 18–34 rating. The episode received a positive critical response. When a masked thief with superhuman strength steals a centrifuge from Queen Consolidated, Central",
"psg_id": "20837646"
},
{
"title": "Knitting Under the Influence",
"text": "warm, witty, and absolutely intoxicating read.\" -Sarah Mlynowski, author of \"Milkrun\" and \"Me vs. Me\" Romantic Books panned \"Knitting Under the Influence\" by saying the book was slow and \"turned into a burdensome cliche\". Knitting Under the Influence Knitting Under the Influence is a 2006 novel written by author Claire Scovell LaZebnik about three girls in their late twenties who have a weekly knitting circle, yet, they all have busy individual lives. The knitting circle is the only way these girls can stay connected with each other. Sometimes it feels like their weekly knitting circle is the only thing that",
"psg_id": "10050246"
},
{
"title": "Institute for the Future",
"text": "the Middletown office until his departure in 1973. Amara held this position until 1990. During Amara's presidency, the Institute conducted some of the earliest studies of the impact of the ARPANET on collaborative work and scientific research, and was notable for its research on computer mediated communications, also known as groupware. Starting from the early seventies astrophysicist and computer scientist Jacques Vallee, sociologist Bob Johansen, and technology forecaster Paul Saffo worked for IFTF. In 1975 the Corporate Associates Program was started to assist private organisations interpret emerging trends and the long-term consequences. Although this program operated until 2001, its role",
"psg_id": "19037580"
},
{
"title": "All the Fat Children",
"text": "All the Fat Children All The Fat Children (ATFC) is a Bengaluru-based rock band that was formed in June 2008. ATFC is composed of Eben Johnson on guitar and vocals, Vickram \"Vicky\" Kiran on bass and vocals, Sachin Savio Dane on drums. Naveen Thomas Joseph and Bryden Stephen Lewis play guitars on occasion. ATFC plays Fat Rock, a genre they coined to term their \"fat\" sound. ATFC has its roots as a college band from Christ University. The three members met up at university while studying and decided to form the band. The band had performed in Bangalore with Motherjane",
"psg_id": "17349583"
},
{
"title": "Paradigm Entertainment",
"text": "same position at THQ's studio in Montreal. The remaining staff relocated to other companies, such as Gearbox Software. Paradigm Entertainment Paradigm Entertainment (previously part of Paradigm Simulation) was an American video game development company. Paradigm is perhaps best known for its vehicle simulation games. Founded as a 3D computer graphics company in 1990, Paradigm primarily worked on realistic flight simulation technology for major space and aviation clients. The company got its start in game development when it was contacted by Nintendo in 1994 to aid in the creation of one of the Nintendo 64's launch titles, \"Pilotwings 64\". The game",
"psg_id": "7623617"
}
] | [
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"thomas samuel kuhn",
"samuel kuhn",
"thomas khun",
"thomas s. kuhn",
"t. kuhn",
"t.s. kuhn",
"ts kuhn",
"kuhn, thomas s.",
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] |
in which country was sam neill born? | [
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "Sam Neill Nigel John Dermot Neill (born 14 September 1947), known professionally as Sam Neill, is a New Zealand actor, writer, producer, director, and vineyard owner. Born in Omagh, Northern Ireland, he moved to Christchurch with his family in 1954. Neill first achieved recognition with his appearance in the 1977 film \"Sleeping Dogs\", which he followed with leading roles in \"My Brilliant Career\" (1979), \"\", \"Possession\" (both 1981), \"A Cry in the Dark\" (1988), \"Dead Calm\" (1989), and \"The Piano\" (1993). He came to international prominence with his portrayal of Dr. Alan Grant in \"Jurassic Park\" (1993), reprising the role",
"psg_id": "12936936"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill",
"text": "Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill is a documentary about the history of New Zealand cinema written by Sam Neill and co-directed by Neill and Judy Rymer. The film was released in 1995, and was New Zealand's contribution to the British Film Institute's \"Century of Cinema\" series. The title refers to the dark and brooding nature of many of New Zealand's most notable films, which Neill considers a reflection of the nation's struggle to find, or form, its own identity. The film screened in the 1995 Cannes Film",
"psg_id": "8554888"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "with actress Lisa Harrow. They have a son, Tim, born in 1983. Neill subsequently married make-up artist Noriko Watanabe in 1989 and they have one daughter, Elena (born in 1991). Neill separated from Watanabe in 2017, and as of early 2018 is dating Australian political journalist Laura Tingle. He is also stepfather to Maiko Spencer, a daughter from Watanabe's first marriage. In his early 20s he fathered a son, Andrew, who was adopted by someone else. In 2014, Neill said the two \"went looking for [one another]\" and that their reunion was \"much more grown-up\" than expected. Neill lives in",
"psg_id": "12936948"
},
{
"title": "Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill",
"text": "Festival, and won Best Documentary in the 1996 \"TV Guide\" Film and Television Awards of New Zealand. The following films are featured and discussed in the documentary: Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill Cinema of Unease: A Personal Journey by Sam Neill is a documentary about the history of New Zealand cinema written by Sam Neill and co-directed by Neill and Judy Rymer. The film was released in 1995, and was New Zealand's contribution to the British Film Institute's \"Century of Cinema\" series. The title refers to the dark and brooding nature of many of New Zealand's",
"psg_id": "8554889"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "the Mouth of Madness\" (1995), \"Event Horizon\" (1997), \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999), and the comedy \"The Dish\" (2000). Neill has occasionally acted in New Zealand films, notably \"The Piano\" (1993), \"Perfect Strangers\" (2003), \"Under the Mountain\" (2009), and \"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\" (2016). He returned to directing in 1995 with the documentary \"\" (1995) which he wrote and directed with Judy Rymer. In 1993, he co-starred with Anne Archer in \"Question of Faith\", an independent drama based on a true story about one woman's fight to beat cancer and have a baby. In 2000, he provided the voice of Sam Sawnoff",
"psg_id": "12936944"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "still ... you can still detect me as a stammerer.\" He first took to calling himself \"Sam\" at school because there were several other students named Nigel, and because he felt the name Nigel was \"a little effete for ... a New Zealand playground\". After working at the New Zealand National Film Unit as a director, Neill was cast for the lead role in the 1977 New Zealand film \"Sleeping Dogs\". Following this, he appeared in Australian romance \"My Brilliant Career\" (1979), opposite Judy Davis. In the late 1970s, his mentor was James Mason. In 1981 he won his first",
"psg_id": "12936941"
},
{
"title": "David Neill",
"text": "David Neill David Neill (born July 17, 1980) was an American college football quarterback for the University of Nevada from 1998 to 2001. In 1998, he set an NCAA record for most touchdown passes in a season by a freshman with 29 thrown. This record was tied in 2006 by Colt McCoy of the Texas Longhorns, and broken the following season by Sam Bradford of Oklahoma. Neill also previously held the school record for most completed passes with 763. This has since been broken by Cody Fajardo (878). He received attention from the Jacksonville Jaguars and New York Jets of",
"psg_id": "9634994"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "None\", based on Agatha Christie's thriller, he played the role of General MacArthur. In 2016, he starred in the New Zealand-made film, \"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\", directed by Taika Waititi, as well as the ITV miniseries \"Tutankhamun\". In 2017 Neill appeared in a comedic scene in the fantasy sequel \"\", in which he portrays an actor playing Odin (as depicted by Anthony Hopkins) alongside Luke Hemsworth and Matt Damon playing Thor and Loki respectively. In 2018, he portrayed Mr. McGregor and also the voice of Tommy Brock in \"Peter Rabbit\". From about 1980 to 1989, Neill was in a relationship",
"psg_id": "12936947"
},
{
"title": "Bob Neill",
"text": "June 2010 Neill answering questions in the House of Commons as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government said, \"Those in greatest need ultimately bear the burden of paying off the debt which this country has been left\". The Opposition claimed that the north is taking far bigger cuts than the south and this was not challenged by Neill. Neill was re-elected for a third term in May 2015, shortly after which he was elected as Chairman of Parliament's Justice Select Committee. Following the General Election on 8 June 2017, he was returned to this role. Neill was",
"psg_id": "2651012"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "media. He names his farm animals after film-industry colleagues. His farming exploits can be seen on his Twitter account @TwoPaddocks. Neill also has homes in Wellington, New Zealand, and Sydney, Australia. He is a supporter of the Australian Speak Easy Association and the British Stammering Association (BSA). He supports the New Zealand Labour Party and the Australian Labor Party. He was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1991 for his work as an actor. Neill has been appointed a Distinguished Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit (DCNZM). When knighthoods were returned to the",
"psg_id": "12936950"
},
{
"title": "Grace Neill",
"text": "Grace Neill Elizabeth Grace Neill (née Campbell, 26 May 1846 – 18 August 1926) was a nurse from New Zealand who lobbied for passage of laws requiring training and national registration of nurses and midwives; in 1901, New Zealand was the first country in the world to introduce such laws. The nursing experience she received during her early life inspired her to reform many aspects of the nursing practice, and her experience as a factory inspector led her to instigate other social reforms. Elizabeth Grace Neill was born 26 May 1846 in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was the oldest daughter of",
"psg_id": "12723843"
},
{
"title": "Frederick Neill",
"text": "Frederick Neill Colonel Sir Frederick Austin Neill, CBE, DSO, TD, JP, DL (11 November 1891 – 11 August 1967) was an English businessman, public administrator, local politician and soldier. Frederick Austin Neill was born in Sheffield on 11 November 1891, the eldest surviving son of James Neill, JP, who was the founder of a number of steel tool manufacturing firms, including James Neill & Co. Ltd. and Hallamshire Steel Co. Ltd, which were held under the parent company James Neill Holdings Ltd. Neill attended Wrekin College and then spent two years in Germany to gain business experience; in 1910 he",
"psg_id": "20624036"
},
{
"title": "Noel Neill",
"text": "damsels in distress in Monogram Westerns and Republic Pictures serials. Neill sang with Bob Crosby and his orchestra. She also sang at the Del Mar Turf Club, which was owned by Bing Crosby. In 1945, producer Sam Katzman gave Neill the recurring role of Betty Rogers, an aggressive reporter for a high-school newspaper, in his series of \"Teen Agers\" musical comedies, beginning with \"Junior Prom\" in 1946. When Katzman was casting his \"Superman\" serial for Columbia Pictures, he remembered Noel Neill's news-hawk portrayals and signed her to play Lois Lane. She played the role in the film serials \"Superman\" (1948)",
"psg_id": "5336848"
},
{
"title": "James C. Neill",
"text": "Alamo. On March 7, Neill with Burleson gathered 50 men and headed for the Alamo. They came close to the Alamo but were repulsed by Mexican cavalry. Neill returned to Gonzales on March 10 after leaving a small party of scouts to observe, who also returned to Gonzales the next day. From late February until Houston's arrivial on March 11, Neill had been in command of the relief troops gathering at Gonzales. Two days later, on March 13, word was received that the Alamo had fallen. Thus, Neill once again relinquished his command and joined the withdrawal of Sam Houston's",
"psg_id": "5478527"
},
{
"title": "Catherine Neill",
"text": "Catherine Neill Catherine Annie Neill (3 September 1921 – 23 February 2006) was a British paediatric cardiologist who spent the majority of her career at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where she worked alongside Helen B. Taussig. Her primary interest was congenital heart defects; she discovered one type of defect, scimitar syndrome, in 1960. Catherine Neill was born in 1921 in London. She was the eldest of four children born to Sir Thomas Neill, a health insurance executive, and his wife Lady Annie Strachan Neill (née Bishop). One of her three younger brothers was Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of",
"psg_id": "20441723"
},
{
"title": "Michael Neill",
"text": "on New Year's Eve in 2015. Neill left Central Coast Mariners in June 2017, joining National Premier Leagues NSW side Sydney United. Michael Neill Michael Neill (born 4 July 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Sydney United in the National Premier Leagues NSW. Neill was born in Sydney and played youth football with Sutherland Sharks and Central Coast Mariners before making his professional debut with the Mariners. Neill was born in Sydney. Neill played in the youth systems of English club Portsmouth and Sutherland Sharks before joining the Central Coast Mariners team in",
"psg_id": "18389983"
},
{
"title": "Terry Neill",
"text": "and he missed the 1969 Football League Cup Final, which Arsenal lost to Swindon Town. Unable to regain his first-team place, Neill only made 25 appearances in 1969–70 and it became clear that he was surplus to requirements at Arsenal. In total he played 275 times for Arsenal, scoring ten goals. Although still only 28, Neill was signed by Hull City in July 1970 as player-manager, one of the youngest ever managers in the history of the game; he later became player-manager of his country as well. Neill retired from playing in 1973, by which time he had won 59",
"psg_id": "4994203"
},
{
"title": "Michael Neill",
"text": "Michael Neill Michael Neill (born 4 July 1994) is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a left back for Sydney United in the National Premier Leagues NSW. Neill was born in Sydney and played youth football with Sutherland Sharks and Central Coast Mariners before making his professional debut with the Mariners. Neill was born in Sydney. Neill played in the youth systems of English club Portsmouth and Sutherland Sharks before joining the Central Coast Mariners team in the National Youth League. After joining the Mariners youth team for the 2012–13 National Youth League, Neill's performances earned him a two-year",
"psg_id": "18389981"
},
{
"title": "Bob Neill",
"text": "Bob Neill Robert James MacGillivray Neill (born 24 June 1952) is a British barrister and Conservative Party politician. He has served as the member of parliament (MP) for Bromley and Chislehurst since a by-election on 29 June 2006, following the death of the previous incumbent Eric Forth. He served as a Parliamentary Under Secretary of State at the Department of Communities and Local Government from 14 May 2010 to 4 September 2012. He is the current Chair of Parliament's Justice Select Committee. Neill was born in Ilford to John Macgillivray Neill and Elsie May Neill (). Neill attended Abbs Cross",
"psg_id": "2651004"
},
{
"title": "Alec Neill",
"text": "children. He remains active in tennis, golf and bowls Alec Neill Alexander George \"Alec\" Neill (born 22 July 1950 in Dunedin, New Zealand) is the former Chairman of the Canterbury Regional Council and a former National Party politician. He was an electorate Member of Parliament from 1990 to 1996, and a list member for two terms in 1999, and from 2001 to 2002. Alec Neill was born in Dunedin, the youngest son of Alfred George Neill QC. then a prominent barrister practising in Dunedin. Alec Neill was raised at Allans Beach on the Otago Peninsula, attended the Hoopers Inlet Primary",
"psg_id": "3957763"
},
{
"title": "James C. Neill",
"text": "James C. Neill James Clinton Neill (c. 17881848) was a 19th-century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina. James Clinton Neill was born in 1788 in Rowan County, North Carolina, the third child (and third son) of James Neill and Hannah Clayton Neill. William Clinton Neill (James Clinton's grandfather), was a captain in the American Revolution, who along with five of his sons, including James Clinton's father James, fought in the War for Independence. James Clinton's uncle, Lieutenant William Neill, was",
"psg_id": "5478514"
},
{
"title": "Alec Neill",
"text": "Alec Neill Alexander George \"Alec\" Neill (born 22 July 1950 in Dunedin, New Zealand) is the former Chairman of the Canterbury Regional Council and a former National Party politician. He was an electorate Member of Parliament from 1990 to 1996, and a list member for two terms in 1999, and from 2001 to 2002. Alec Neill was born in Dunedin, the youngest son of Alfred George Neill QC. then a prominent barrister practising in Dunedin. Alec Neill was raised at Allans Beach on the Otago Peninsula, attended the Hoopers Inlet Primary School and then attended St. Kevin's College, Oamaru, and",
"psg_id": "3957750"
},
{
"title": "Holly Neill",
"text": "Holly Neill Holly Neill (born 6 April 1989) is a parasport track and field athlete from England competing in category F41 throwing events. Neill has represented Great Britain in the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in the discus throw, finishing third. She competes in the Les Autres Paralympic category as an athlete with dwarfism. Neill, who was born with dwarfism, was initially more interested in equestrian sports, but after an injury to her competition horse, and a lack of funds, she began looking for other sporting outlets. Neill had always been interested in athletics, and had entered the 2009 World",
"psg_id": "17449248"
},
{
"title": "Scotty Neill",
"text": "Scotty Neill Francis Kennedy \"Scotty\" Neill (November 17, 1895 – July 7, 1963) was an American football and baseball player for the Vanderbilt Commodores of Vanderbilt University. He won the Bachelor of Ugliness in 1922, Vanderbilt's highest honor for a male undergraduate. Neill was a member of the Sigma Nu fraternity, and graduated with an M. D. in 1925. Neill was born on November 17, 1895 in Birmingham, Alabama to Peter Neill and Rosina Jones Dollop. Neill was a member of the 1921 SIAA champion Vanderbilt baseball team. Neill often batted cleanup in his time with the Commodores, referred to",
"psg_id": "18280170"
},
{
"title": "Noel Neill",
"text": "Jack Larson in 1960, but after Reeves's tragic and sudden death, the seventh season was canceled, officially ending the show. While Phyllis Coates generally distanced herself from the role, Neill embraced her association with Lois Lane, giving frequent talks on college campuses during the 1970s, when interest in the series was revived, endearing herself to audiences with her warmth and humor. Neill continued to appear in \"Superman\"-related productions. She originated the role of Lois Lane's mother, Ellen (alternatively, Ella) Lane, in a cameo for the 1978 film \"Superman\", with Kirk Alyn as Lois' father, Sam Lane – as was the",
"psg_id": "5336850"
},
{
"title": "Robert Neill (writer)",
"text": "Robert Neill (writer) Robert Geoffrey Neill (19 November 1905 – 1979) was an English writer of historical fiction, best known for his debut novel, \"Mist over Pendle\", published in 1951, which has remained in print since first appearing. The novel presents a fictional account of the events leading up to the famous Pendle witches trial in 1612. Neill was born in Prestwich, Greater Manchester, England, into a family with long-standing local connections. His great-grandfather, also called Robert Neill, was a former Mayor of Manchester (two terms, 1866–68), though his mother came from Colne, in Central Lancashire, an area to which",
"psg_id": "14711270"
},
{
"title": "James C. Neill",
"text": "of the Rio Grande. Neill had been recommended for the commission by one of his neighbors, D. C. Barrett, who wrote to Texian Army commander Sam Houston that \"age and experience with his militia rank & title, would seem to justify his first commission as a field officer\". On December 21, 1835, Houston requested that Neill, now a lieutenant colonel of an artillery company, take command of the Texian and Tejano garrison stationed at the Alamo Mission in San Antonio de Bexar. The orders also specified that Neill should make a report to Houston detailing the current state of the",
"psg_id": "5478522"
},
{
"title": "James C. Neill",
"text": "County, Corsicana, Texas in his honor. James C. Neill James Clinton Neill (c. 17881848) was a 19th-century American soldier and politician, most noted for his role in the Texas Revolution and the early defense of the Alamo. He was born in North Carolina. James Clinton Neill was born in 1788 in Rowan County, North Carolina, the third child (and third son) of James Neill and Hannah Clayton Neill. William Clinton Neill (James Clinton's grandfather), was a captain in the American Revolution, who along with five of his sons, including James Clinton's father James, fought in the War for Independence. James",
"psg_id": "5478531"
},
{
"title": "Morgyn Neill",
"text": "Morgyn Neill Morgyn Neill (born 10 March 1996) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defender for Stenhousemuir. He has previously played for Motherwell and Livingston, as well as Ayr United and Stranraer on loan. Neill was born on 10 March 1996, in Glasgow. He joined the Motherwell youth academy at a young age. Neill was at Motherwell for 10 years, but couldn't force his way into the first team. He played with the development squad, and played as a defender. Having been named on the substitutes bench for Motherwell on a number of occasions during the 2014–15",
"psg_id": "19182397"
},
{
"title": "Stephen Neill",
"text": "Stephen Neill Stephen Charles Neill (1900–1984) was a Scottish Anglican missionary, bishop, and scholar. He was proficient in a number of languages, including Greek, Latin and Tamil. He went to Trinity College, Cambridge and was a fellow there before going as a missionary to Tamil Nadu, in British India, and became bishop of Tirunelveli in 1939. He believed in unification of all churches in South India and communion beyond denominations. He wrote several books on theology and church history. Neill was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on 31 December 1900 to Charles Neill and Margaret Penelope (\"Daisy\") Neill, the daughter of",
"psg_id": "12949265"
},
{
"title": "George Neill",
"text": "the club ended. Neill died, at the age of 30, in 1905. George Neill George Neill (1872–1905) was an English association footballer who played as a defender. Born in Poplar, London, Neill spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neill was club captain. He was described as a \"very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank\". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under",
"psg_id": "18365648"
},
{
"title": "Jon Neill",
"text": "Jon Neill Jonathan Charles Neill (born 19 December 1968), also known by the nickname of \"Jon\" , is an English-born former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for St. Helens, Huddersfield Giants and Swinton Lions, as a . Jon Neill's birth was registered in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. Jon Neill won 2 caps for Scotland in 1997–1999 while at Huddersfield Giants. Jon Neill played left-, i.e. number 8, in St. Helens' 24-14 victory over Rochdale Hornets in the 1991–92 Lancashire County Cup Final during",
"psg_id": "14934495"
},
{
"title": "Jon Neill",
"text": "the 1991–92 season at Wilderspool Stadium, Warrington, on Sunday 20 October 1991. Jon Neill Jonathan Charles Neill (born 19 December 1968), also known by the nickname of \"Jon\" , is an English-born former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s. He played at representative level for Scotland, and at club level for St. Helens, Huddersfield Giants and Swinton Lions, as a . Jon Neill's birth was registered in Whitehaven, Cumberland, England. Jon Neill won 2 caps for Scotland in 1997–1999 while at Huddersfield Giants. Jon Neill played left-, i.e. number 8, in St. Helens' 24-14",
"psg_id": "14934496"
},
{
"title": "Frederick Neill",
"text": "of Yorkshire\". A keen golfer, Neill played for Yorkshire. He died on 11 August 1967, aged 75, at his home in Sheffield; he was survived by his wife, Winifred Margaret, daughter of Robert Colver, JP, of Rockmount in Ranmoor; they had a son, Hugh, and three daughters. Frederick Neill Colonel Sir Frederick Austin Neill, CBE, DSO, TD, JP, DL (11 November 1891 – 11 August 1967) was an English businessman, public administrator, local politician and soldier. Frederick Austin Neill was born in Sheffield on 11 November 1891, the eldest surviving son of James Neill, JP, who was the founder of",
"psg_id": "20624040"
},
{
"title": "Roy William Neill",
"text": "\"The Lady Vanishes\". However, due to delays in production, Black hired Alfred Hitchcock to direct instead. Neill died in London, England, from a heart attack. Roy William Neill Roy William Neill (4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for directing the last eleven of the fourteen Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Studios. With his father as the captain, Roy William Neill was born on a ship off the coast of Ireland. His birth name was Roland de Gostrie. Neill",
"psg_id": "6487415"
},
{
"title": "Quentin Neill",
"text": "business, and when the Boer War broke out he became a Trooper with the Driscoll's Scouts. Neill died in 1901, in a Durban hospital due to a fever. Quentin Neill Quentin Durward Neill (16 April 1866 – 9 August 1901) was a Scottish footballer who made 59 appearances in the Football League for Lincoln City. He played as a right back. Before moving to England he played for Queen's Park in Scotland. Neill was born in Glasgow, he was younger brother to Robert W. Neill who went on to captain Scotland in 1880. He played football for Queen's Park before",
"psg_id": "17161487"
},
{
"title": "Lucas Neill",
"text": "saying: \"I add value to the team and I bring a lot of good attributes but I am the victim ...\". On 6 May 2014, it was revealed that Socceroos team boss Ange Postecoglou had advised Neill that he would not be part of Australia's squad at the 2014 World Cup. Neill was also absent from 2015 AFC Asian Cup. Neill's son currently plays at the Blackburn Rovers Academy. On 2 May 2016, Neill was declared bankrupt in the United Kingdom. Millwall Blackburn Rovers Al Jazira Australia Individual Lucas Neill Lucas Edward Neill (born 9 March 1978) is an Australian",
"psg_id": "4365230"
},
{
"title": "Ryan Neill",
"text": "Ryan Neill Ryan Neill (born December 12, 1982 in Wayne, New Jersey) is a former American football defensive end and long snapper. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He grew up in Wayne, New Jersey and played college football at Rutgers. In the NFL, Neill has also played for the San Diego Chargers and St. Louis Rams. The son of NY Giant nose tackle, Bill Neill. Ryan Neill attended Wayne Hills High School, New Jersey and was an All-State selection by the Associated Press and Gannett News, adding All-State Group 3 and",
"psg_id": "10569021"
},
{
"title": "John R. Neill",
"text": "John R. Neill John Rea Neill (November 12, 1877 – September 19, 1943) was a magazine and children's book illustrator primarily known for illustrating more than forty stories set in the Land of Oz, including L. Frank Baum's, Ruth Plumly Thompson's, and three of his own. His pen-and-ink drawings have become identified almost exclusively with the Oz series. He did a great deal of magazine and newspaper illustration work which is not as well known today. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, John R. Neill did his first illustration work for the Philadelphia's Central High School newspaper in 1894-95. Neill dropped out",
"psg_id": "2451804"
},
{
"title": "John R. Neill",
"text": "John R. Neill John Rea Neill (November 12, 1877 – September 19, 1943) was a magazine and children's book illustrator primarily known for illustrating more than forty stories set in the Land of Oz, including L. Frank Baum's, Ruth Plumly Thompson's, and three of his own. His pen-and-ink drawings have become identified almost exclusively with the Oz series. He did a great deal of magazine and newspaper illustration work which is not as well known today. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, John R. Neill did his first illustration work for the Philadelphia's Central High School newspaper in 1894-95. Neill dropped out",
"psg_id": "2451797"
},
{
"title": "Bud Neill",
"text": "Bud Neill William \"Bud\" Neill (5 November 1911–28 August 1970 ) was a Scottish cartoonist who drew cartoon strips for a number of Glasgow based newspapers between the 1940s and 1960s. Following his death, his work has attained cult status with a worldwide following. Born as William Neill in Partick, he moved with his family shortly thereafter to Troon in Ayrshire. (He is not to be confused with William Neill, the poet, also from Ayrshire originally). Growing up there, the young Neill would spend his Saturdays at the local cinema, and was particularly enthralled by the adventures of silent movie",
"psg_id": "7544743"
},
{
"title": "James C. Neill",
"text": "the men were stationed at Fort Decatur, where the remnants of the defeated Creek Nation came to surrender, seeking food and supplies (surrendering Creeks also went to Fort Jackson). One company, under Captain Abner Pearce, was stationed at Fort Montgomery. Woodfolk was a wealthy land speculator who owned a large plantation in Jackson County. In addition to potentially sharing time with Davy Crockett, during this military service James Clinton Neill may well have also met his future Texas Revolution commander, Sam Houston. By at least 1820, J.C. Neill had moved his family to Greene County, Alabama. He served in the",
"psg_id": "5478517"
},
{
"title": "Morgyn Neill",
"text": "to continue his development, Livingston allowed Neill on 12 January 2017 after making 40 appearances both championship and league 1 , to move on loan to fellow Scottish League One side Stranraer for the duration of the 2016–17 season. After returning from his loan spell, Neill was released by Livingston in May 2017, subsequently signing a permanent contract with Stranraer going on to being a key player making 59 appearances in a season and a half . Neill left Stranraer after a season, joining Scottish League One rivals Stenhousemuir in May 2018. Morgyn Neill Morgyn Neill (born 10 March 1996)",
"psg_id": "19182399"
},
{
"title": "Bud Neill",
"text": "give more examples of Neill's quirky humour and fine touch with pen and lamp-black ink. Bud Neill William \"Bud\" Neill (5 November 1911–28 August 1970 ) was a Scottish cartoonist who drew cartoon strips for a number of Glasgow based newspapers between the 1940s and 1960s. Following his death, his work has attained cult status with a worldwide following. Born as William Neill in Partick, he moved with his family shortly thereafter to Troon in Ayrshire. (He is not to be confused with William Neill, the poet, also from Ayrshire originally). Growing up there, the young Neill would spend his",
"psg_id": "7544759"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "big international role, as Damien Thorn, son of the devil, in \"\"; also in that year, he played an outstanding main role in Andrzej Żuławski's cult film, \"Possession\". Later, he was one of the leading candidates to succeed Roger Moore in the role of James Bond, but lost out to Timothy Dalton. Among his many Australian roles is playing Michael Chamberlain in \"Evil Angels\" (1988) (released as \"A Cry in the Dark\" outside of Australia and New Zealand), a film about the case of Azaria Chamberlain. Neill has played heroes and occasionally villains in a succession of film and television",
"psg_id": "12936942"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "in \"The Magic Pudding\". In 2001, he hosted and narrated a documentary series for the BBC entitled \"Space\" (\"Hyperspace\" in the United States). He portrayed the eponymous wizard in \"Merlin\" (1998), a miniseries based on the legends of King Arthur. He reprised his role in the sequel, \"Merlin's Apprentice\" (2006). Neill starred in the historical drama \"The Tudors\", playing Cardinal Thomas Wolsey. \"I have to say I really enjoyed making \"The Tudors\"\", he said, \"It was six months with a character that I found immensely intriguing, with a cast that I liked very much and with a story I found",
"psg_id": "12936945"
},
{
"title": "Jay Wesley Neill",
"text": "quivered and he complained of being dizzy before asking, \"Are they starting?\", then he prayed until he became unconscious, and Neill was pronounced dead at 6:18 p.m. Jay Wesley Neill was the 54th person executed by the state of Oklahoma since resuming executions in 1990. Jay Wesley Neill Jay Wesley Neill (April 9, 1965 – December 12, 2002) was an American mass murderer, who on December 14, 1984, killed 4 people during a bank robbery in Geronimo, Oklahoma. Neill was convicted and sentenced to death, and was executed in 2002. Jay Wesley Neill was born on April 9, 1965, and",
"psg_id": "5980939"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "Queenstown and owns a winery called Two Paddocks, consisting of a vineyard at Gibbston and two near Alexandra, all in the Central Otago region of New Zealand's South Island. His avocation is running Two Paddocks. \"I'd like the vineyard to support me but I'm afraid it is the other way round. It is not a very economic business\", said Neill, \"It is a ridiculously time- and money-consuming business. I would not do it if it was not so satisfying and fun, and it gets me pissed once in a while.\" He enjoys sharing his exploits on the farm through social",
"psg_id": "12936949"
},
{
"title": "Neill Barry",
"text": "Neill Barry Neill Barry (born November 29, 1965) is an American film, television and stage actor, as well as an occasional screenwriter. Films in which he has acted have grossed collectively over $90,000,000. Barry was born in New York City, New York. He made his acting debut at the age of thirteen in Martin Davidson's film \"Hero at Large\". He co-wrote and starred in the independent film \"Friends & Lovers\", which also starred Robert Downey Jr., Claudia Schiffer and Stephen Baldwin. Barry portrays Philip Rearden in \"Atlas Shrugged\" (2011), the film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel of the same name.",
"psg_id": "13845680"
},
{
"title": "Neill Barry",
"text": "Neill Barry Neill Barry (born November 29, 1965) is an American film, television and stage actor, as well as an occasional screenwriter. Films in which he has acted have grossed collectively over $90,000,000. Barry was born in New York City, New York. He made his acting debut at the age of thirteen in Martin Davidson's film \"Hero at Large\". He co-wrote and starred in the independent film \"Friends & Lovers\", which also starred Robert Downey Jr., Claudia Schiffer and Stephen Baldwin. Barry portrays Philip Rearden in \"Atlas Shrugged\" (2011), the film adaptation of Ayn Rand's novel of the same name.",
"psg_id": "13845679"
},
{
"title": "Wilfred T. Neill",
"text": "1949, he joined E. Ross Allen's Reptile Institute in Silver Springs, Florida, as Research Director. Neill was the first to describe the Everglades rat snake (\"Elaphe obsoleta rossalleni\", a subspecies of \"Elaphe obsoleta\", 1949), the Gulf hammock dwarf siren (\"Pseudobranchus striatus lustricolus\", a subspecies of \"Pseudobranchus striatus\", 1951), the one-toed amphiuma (\"Amphiuma pholeter\", 1964), and the southern Florida rainbow snake (\"Farancia erytrogramma seminola\", a subspecies of \"Farancia erytrogramma\", 1964). In 1966, herpetologist Sam Rountree Telford, Jr. honored Neill by giving his name to a newly described subspecies of the Florida crowned snake (\"Tantilla relicta\"), naming it \"Tantilla relicta neilli\". Similarly,",
"psg_id": "11799384"
},
{
"title": "Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen",
"text": "a Life Peer as Baron Neill of Bladen, of Briantspuddle in the County of Dorset, on 28 November 1997. He sat in the House of Lords as a crossbencher until 18 May 2016, at which point he ceased to be a member pursuant to section 2 of the House of Lords Reform Act 2014, having failed to attend during the whole of the 2015–16 session without being on leave of absence. Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen Francis Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen, QC (8 August 1926 – 28 May 2016) was a British barrister and cross bench member",
"psg_id": "2799505"
},
{
"title": "Neill Austin",
"text": "electorate from 1978 to 1987, when he retired and was replaced by John Carter. In the 1994 Queen's Birthday Honours, Austin was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for public services. He died on 24 June 2008. Neill Austin Howard Neill Austin, (12 December 1924 – 24 June 2008), known as Neill Austin, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He held many positions with Federated Farmers. Austin was born in 1924 in Rawene, a town on the south side of the Hokianga harbour. His father was William Neill Austin. He received his education",
"psg_id": "11807602"
},
{
"title": "George Neill",
"text": "George Neill George Neill (1872–1905) was an English association footballer who played as a defender. Born in Poplar, London, Neill spent three seasons with Millwall Athletic playing mostly in their reserve team before signing for West Norwood in 1894. For two of his seasons, Neill was club captain. He was described as a \"very accomplished full-back, who could play on either flank\". Whilst still with West Norwood he played as a guest player for Thames Ironworks. The first occasion was one of the first ever games played under \"electric light\", at Hermit Road against West Bromwich Albion in March 1896.",
"psg_id": "18365645"
},
{
"title": "Neill Austin",
"text": "Neill Austin Howard Neill Austin, (12 December 1924 – 24 June 2008), known as Neill Austin, was a New Zealand politician of the National Party. He held many positions with Federated Farmers. Austin was born in 1924 in Rawene, a town on the south side of the Hokianga harbour. His father was William Neill Austin. He received his education at Okaihau District High School (now Okaihau College). In 1946, he married Violet Mudgway, the daughter of Herbert Lewis Mudgway; the couple were to have three daughters. Austin was a member of the Umawera School committee from 1956 to 1962. He",
"psg_id": "11807600"
},
{
"title": "Quentin Neill",
"text": "Quentin Neill Quentin Durward Neill (16 April 1866 – 9 August 1901) was a Scottish footballer who made 59 appearances in the Football League for Lincoln City. He played as a right back. Before moving to England he played for Queen's Park in Scotland. Neill was born in Glasgow, he was younger brother to Robert W. Neill who went on to captain Scotland in 1880. He played football for Queen's Park before moving to England where he joined Lincoln City. He made his debut in December 1888 in the Combination, and played regularly over the next six years as the",
"psg_id": "17161485"
},
{
"title": "Roy William Neill",
"text": "Roy William Neill Roy William Neill (4 September 1887 – 14 December 1946) was an Irish-born American film director best known for directing the last eleven of the fourteen Sherlock Holmes films starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, made between 1943 and 1946 and released by Universal Studios. With his father as the captain, Roy William Neill was born on a ship off the coast of Ireland. His birth name was Roland de Gostrie. Neill began directing silent films in 1917 and went on to helm 107 films, 40 of them silent. Although most of Neill's films were low-budget B-movies,",
"psg_id": "6487413"
},
{
"title": "Noel Neill",
"text": "another relative of the main character: Neill appeared in the 1978 Superman feature film, the 1980s TV series \"Superboy\" and the 2006 film \"Superman Returns\". Noel Darleen Neill was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, the daughter of journalist David Holland Neill and stage dancer Lavere Gorsboth. When she was 4 years old, her parents enrolled her at \"a school for aspiring performers.\" During her teen years, Neill \"danced, sang and even played the banjo at county fairs throughout the midwest.\" When she graduated from high school in 1938, her first job was writing articles for \"Women's Wear Daily\". In her teens,",
"psg_id": "5336846"
},
{
"title": "Terry Neill (Accenture)",
"text": "Terry Neill (Accenture) Terry Neill (born about 1945) is a former chairman of Andersen Worldwide (now Accenture). Between 1970 and 2001, Neill worked at Arthur Andersen and its successors Andersen Worldwide and Accenture in Dublin, London and Chicago. Neill was a non-executive director of CRH plc and Bank of Ireland Group from 2004. In September 2009, Neill became a member of the Board of United Business Media (UBM) plc. Neill and his wife Marjorie met as undergraduates at Trinity College Dublin, where he obtained his M.A. He received his MBA (then an M. Sc. (Econ)) from London Business School in",
"psg_id": "17758262"
},
{
"title": "Neill Blomkamp",
"text": "Neill Blomkamp Neill Blomkamp (; born 17 September 1979) is a South African-born Canadian film director, producer, screenwriter, and animator. Blomkamp employs a documentary-style, hand-held, cinéma vérité technique, blending naturalistic and photo-realistic computer-generated effects. He is best known as the co-writer and director of the critically acclaimed and financially successful science fiction film \"District 9\", for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay. He directed the dystopian science fiction film \"Elysium\", which garnered moderately positive reviews and a good box office return. He is known for his collaborations with South African actor Sharlto Copley. He",
"psg_id": "7657602"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Neill",
"text": "shows including \"Minder\". In 2004 he was inducted into the Scottish Boxing Hall of Fame. Bobby Neill Bobby Neill (born 10 October 1933) is a Scottish former boxer who was British featherweight champion between 1959 and 1960, and later had success as a trainer. Born in Edinburgh, the son of a bookmaker, Neill attended Trinity Academy and boxed out of the Sparta Amateur Boxing Club, representing Scotland at amateur level despite suffering serious injuries in a car crash. He made his professional debut in May 1955 with a second round stoppage of Denny Dennis. He won his first 15 fights,",
"psg_id": "19400755"
},
{
"title": "Lily Neill",
"text": "Lily Neill Lily Neill is an American-born harp player who specialises in traditional Irish music and related folk music traditions. She is recognised for her solo performances as well as for her collaborations with artists in genres outside the realm of folk music. Neill was born in Maryland, United States and started playing the harp at the age of nine, after taking several years of piano lessons. She gave her first professional public performance the following year, earning many awards at harp competitions in the USA including the U.S. National Scottish harp competition where she was undefeated. She also earned",
"psg_id": "12104926"
},
{
"title": "Jay Wesley Neill",
"text": "Jay Wesley Neill Jay Wesley Neill (April 9, 1965 – December 12, 2002) was an American mass murderer, who on December 14, 1984, killed 4 people during a bank robbery in Geronimo, Oklahoma. Neill was convicted and sentenced to death, and was executed in 2002. Jay Wesley Neill was born on April 9, 1965, and at 18-years-old he joined the United States Army in 1983. Neill met Robert Grady Johnson in February 1984 at a bar, and the two became romantically involved. He was discharged from the military in the summer of 1984 after disclosing that he was homosexual, and",
"psg_id": "5980930"
},
{
"title": "Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen",
"text": "Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen Francis Patrick Neill, Baron Neill of Bladen, QC (8 August 1926 – 28 May 2016) was a British barrister and cross bench member of the House of Lords. A son of Sir Thomas Neill, Patrick Neill was educated at Highgate School and Magdalen College, Oxford. He became a barrister in 1951 and took silk in 1966. After heading One Hare Court, he became head of chambers of Serle Court, in Lincoln's Inn when the two merged in 1999. Lord Neill left Serle Court in 2008 to join his elder brother Sir Brian Neill, a",
"psg_id": "2799503"
},
{
"title": "Holly Neill",
"text": "her other two events. She again entered the IWAS World Junior Championships, this time held in Dubai. There she took silver in the discus and retained her shot put title. 2011 also saw Neill enter the Paralympic World Cup in Manchester where she came fourth in the shot. Although not part of Team GB in the 2012 Summer Paralympics, Neill was selected for the 2013 IPC Athletics World Championships in Lyon, selected in the discus. There she threw 21.54m, below her personal best, to win the bronze medal. Holly Neill Holly Neill (born 6 April 1989) is a parasport track",
"psg_id": "17449250"
},
{
"title": "David Neill",
"text": "the NFL, but he opted for a veterinary career and left football prior to the 2002 NFL Draft. Neill currently holds the following records at the University of Nevada: 1. Total offense in a single game: 582. 2. Total yards thrown in a single game: 611. 3. Career passing yards: 10,901. 4. Passing attempts in a career: 1374. Neill attended high school at Hart High School in Newhall, California, where he played both football and basketball. David Neill David Neill (born July 17, 1980) was an American college football quarterback for the University of Nevada from 1998 to 2001. In",
"psg_id": "9634995"
},
{
"title": "Ryan Neill",
"text": "the St. Louis Rams signed Neill to handle those duties for the remainder of the season. Neill signed with the San Diego Chargers on September 17, 2010, but unfortunately, he suffered a leg fracture September 26, 2010 playing the Seattle Seahawks. He finished the 2010 season on injured reserve. Ryan Neill Ryan Neill (born December 12, 1982 in Wayne, New Jersey) is a former American football defensive end and long snapper. He was signed by the Buffalo Bills as an undrafted free agent in 2006. He grew up in Wayne, New Jersey and played college football at Rutgers. In the",
"psg_id": "10569026"
},
{
"title": "Sam Neill",
"text": "in 2001's \"Jurassic Park III\". Neill's other notable films include \"The Hunt for Red October\" (1990), \"Sirens\"; \"In the Mouth of Madness\"; \"The Jungle Book\" (all 1994), \"\", \"Event Horizon\" (both 1997), \"The Horse Whisperer\" (1998), \"Bicentennial Man\" (1999), \"The Dish\" (2000), \"Yes\", \"Wimbledon\" (both 2004), \"Daybreakers\" (2009), \"\" (2010), \"The Hunter\" (2011), \"The Vow\" (2012), \"Escape Plan\" (2013), \"The Daughter\" (2015), \"Hunt for the Wilderpeople\" (2016), \"\" (2017), \"The Commuter\", and \"Peter Rabbit\" (both 2018). Outside of film, Neill has appeared in numerous television series, such as \"Reilly, Ace of Spies\" (1983), \"Merlin\" (1998), \"The Tudors\" (2007), \"Crusoe\" (2008–10),",
"psg_id": "12936937"
},
{
"title": "Lucas Neill",
"text": "Lucas Neill Lucas Edward Neill (born 9 March 1978) is an Australian former footballer. Neill played as a defender, often playing as a centre back as well as a full back. Neill spent almost 15 years of his career playing in England. He represented Australia at the 2006 FIFA World Cup, the 2007 AFC Asian Cup, the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa, and also the 2011 AFC Asian Cup in Qatar. On 6 October 2006 he was named the 50th captain of the Australian national team, and by the time of his retirement, had amassed a record 61",
"psg_id": "4365211"
},
{
"title": "Bobby Neill",
"text": "Bobby Neill Bobby Neill (born 10 October 1933) is a Scottish former boxer who was British featherweight champion between 1959 and 1960, and later had success as a trainer. Born in Edinburgh, the son of a bookmaker, Neill attended Trinity Academy and boxed out of the Sparta Amateur Boxing Club, representing Scotland at amateur level despite suffering serious injuries in a car crash. He made his professional debut in May 1955 with a second round stoppage of Denny Dennis. He won his first 15 fights, including an eighth round stoppage of Matt Fulton in September 1956 to take the vacant",
"psg_id": "19400751"
},
{
"title": "Thomas H. Neill",
"text": "beginning in 1879, when he became a colonel. He also was commandant of cadets at West Point for four years. Neill served in Texas before retiring on disability in 1883. Neill died in Philadelphia on March 12, 1885. He is buried at West Point. Thomas H. Neill Thomas Hewson Neill, a native of Pennsylvania, became a general in the American Civil War, serving in the Army of the Potomac in some of its most important campaigns. Neill was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on April 9, 1826. Educated in local schools, he attended the University of Pennsylvania before transferring to the",
"psg_id": "12069577"
},
{
"title": "John Neill (footballer)",
"text": "2006–07 Scottish First Division play-offs. Neill was released from his Hearts' contract on in August 2007 and joined Queen's Park in February 2008, becoming manager Gardner Spiers first signing for the club. He then moved to East Stirlingshire before joining Clyde in July 2011. Neill was top goalscorer in his first season, earning a new one-year contract, but left for Junior side Irvine Meadow on loan in February 2013. John Neill (footballer) John Neill (born 17 August 1987) is a Scottish professional footballer. A combative & creative central midfielder, Neill started his senior career with Hearts, whom he joined from",
"psg_id": "8815870"
},
{
"title": "Sam Born",
"text": "Sam Born Sam Born (September 10, 1891 – March 23, 1959) was an American businessman, candy-maker and inventor. Born to a Jewish family in Vinnytsia, Ukraine, Born, under his original name - Samuel Bernstein - emigrated to the United States in December 1909; he sailed on the S/S \"Merion\" from Liverpool, England, to Philadelphia; on the ship's passenger list, his occupation was listed as \"candy maker\". In 1916, Sam Born was awarded the \"key to the city\" of San Francisco for inventing a machine that mechanically inserted sticks into lollipops. In 1923 in New York City he founded Just Born",
"psg_id": "14136494"
},
{
"title": "Noel Neill",
"text": "of Lois Lane. The Lois Lane statue is modeled on Noel Neill. Neill stated that she was honored to be memorialized with the statue. In 2003, writer Larry Ward wrote an authorized biography of Neill, \"Truth, Justice, & The American Way: The Life And Times Of Noel Neill, The Original Lois Lane\". A limited-edition, expanded version of the book was released in 2006. In 2007, Ward wrote another book on Neill, \"Beyond Lois Lane\", which focused on the actresses' other acting and modeling work. In 2004, Neill received a Golden Boot Award for her work in Western films. In 1943,",
"psg_id": "5336853"
},
{
"title": "A. S. Neill",
"text": "A. S. Neill Alexander Sutherland Neill (17 October 1883 – 23 September 1973) was a Scottish educator and author known for his school, Summerhill, and its philosophies of freedom from adult coercion and community self-governance. Neill was raised in Scotland, where he was a poor student but became a schoolteacher. He taught in several schools across the country before attending the University of Edinburgh from 1908 to 1912. He took two jobs in journalism before World War I, and taught at Gretna Green Village School during the first year of the war, writing his first book, \"A Dominie's Log\" (1915),",
"psg_id": "2875709"
},
{
"title": "Sam Born",
"text": "company, a candy manufacturer that still manufactures Peeps, Mike and Ike, and Hot Tamales. In 1932, he relocated the firm to Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, from its former Brooklyn location. In March 1959, Samuel H. Born died on board the Cunard liner, \"Britannic\", while it was at sea, having departed from Lisbon, Portugal en route to Southampton, England. He and his wife were on the last lap of a 14,000 mile world cruise, according to his obituary which appeared in \"The Morning Call\", an Allentown, Pennsylvania newspaper, on March 24, 1959. Sam Born Sam Born (September 10, 1891 – March 23, 1959)",
"psg_id": "14136495"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Neill (insurance executive)",
"text": "Thomas Neill (insurance executive) Sir Thomas Neill (January 1856–31 May 1937) was an Irish-born insurance executive and pioneer of National Health Insurance in the United Kingdom. Neill was born in Cookstown, County Tyrone, the son of a land agent. He first became a railway booking clerk,and then an insurance agent in Ballymena. In 1894 he became general manager of the London, Edinburgh and Glasgow Insurance Company and joined the board of directors of the Pearl Insurance Company when it took over the former company in 1910. When the National Health Insurance scheme came into force in 1911, Neill was appointed",
"psg_id": "12341896"
},
{
"title": "Neill Gorton",
"text": "villains and monsters, including the modern update of Davros. He won the BAFTA Awards four times with six nominations and won the RTS Awards two times with five nominations. He was nominated one time for the OFTA awards. Gorton and Rob Mayor are the directors of the company Millennium FX, which is focused on cutting edge prosthetics, animatronics, and special make-up FX. He is also the director of Gorton Studio, which offers courses for trainees up to professionals in screen prosthetics. He is also a visiting professor at the University of Bolton. Neill Gorton Neill Gorton (born 6 September 1969)",
"psg_id": "18338508"
},
{
"title": "Ivan Neill (priest)",
"text": "Ivan Neill (priest) Ivan Delacherois Neill CB OBE (10 July 1912 – 18 June 2001) was an Anglican priest and British Army officer. He served as a military chaplain during World War II and served as Chaplain General from 1960 to 1966 and as Chaplain to the Queen. After leaving the army, he was Provost of Sheffield Cathedral. Neill was born on 10 July 1912 at the Templeharry rectory in County Tipperary, Ireland. His father, the Rev. Robert Richard Neill, was a Church of Ireland minister who was later the Rector of Tooting Graveney. He spent his early childhood in",
"psg_id": "15706881"
},
{
"title": "James Kerby Neill",
"text": "April 26, 1942, the same day it adopted its Constitution and By-Laws. Dr. Neill died Aug. 21, 1996 at a nursing home in Elk Grove Village, Ill. James Kerby Neill James Kerby Neill (1906 - 21 August 1996) was professor emeritus of English at The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C., He was an author and researcher with a Ph.D. in Shakespearean studies He was born in 1906 to Charles Patrick Neill (b. 1865 in Rock Island, IL) and Esther A. Waggaman (b. 1874 in Washington, D.C.), married Julia Day Stewart (b. 1913). He was a graduate of Georgetown Preparatory",
"psg_id": "16125888"
},
{
"title": "William Neill (poet)",
"text": "William Neill (poet) William Neill (22 February 1922 – 5 April 2010) was an Ayrshire-born poet who wrote in Scottish and Irish Gaelic, Scots and English. He was a major contributing voice to the Scottish Renaissance. Neill was born in Prestwick, Ayrshire and educated at Ayr Academy. After service in the RAF, he studied at the University of Edinburgh and graduated with an Honours degree in Celtic studies. He was a frequent contributor to \"Catalyst\" and \"Gairm\" magazines and subsequently became the second editor of \"Catalyst\". As a young writer, he studied the poets of the Scottish Renaissance, and viewed",
"psg_id": "6607189"
},
{
"title": "Charles P. Neill",
"text": "Charles P. Neill Charles Patrick Neill (December 12, 1865 – October 3, 1942) was an American civil servant who raised in Austin, Texas after his family emigrated from Ireland in 1850. Neill graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1897 with a doctorate in economics and politics. He was appointed the United States Commissioner of Labor in 1906 by President Theodore Roosevelt. As Commissioner of Labor he helped inspect the Meat Packing industries, and reported women and child labor injustices. He also mediated labor disputes between workers and employers in the coal, railroad, and steel corporations. Charles P. Neill was born",
"psg_id": "12077675"
},
{
"title": "Hugh Neill",
"text": "Engineers and had reached the rank of Lieutenant colonel by end of the war. In addition to his business interests, he was a public servant. He served as High Sheriff of Hallamshire from 1972 to 1973, and as Lord Lieutenant of South Yorkshire from 1985 to 1996. In 1958, like his father and both his grandfathers, he was Master Cutler for the Company of Cutlers in Hallamshire. Neill was born on 29 March 1921 in Sheffield, Yorkshire, England. He was the eldest son of Colonel Sir Frederick Neill and his wife Winifred Margaret Neill (née Colver). He was educated at",
"psg_id": "20471041"
},
{
"title": "Neill F. Marriott",
"text": "on sexual orientation, while also addressing the need for protection of religious liberty. Marriott also was one of the church's representatives at a meeting announcing a bill incorporating these principles being introduced to the Utah legislature in March 2015. Neill F. Marriott Neill Foote Marriott (born October 16, 1947) was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Young Women organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2013 to 2018. Neill Foote was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. She has a degree in English literature from Southern Methodist University and later worked as a",
"psg_id": "17850971"
},
{
"title": "Neill F. Marriott",
"text": "Neill F. Marriott Neill Foote Marriott (born October 16, 1947) was the second counselor in the general presidency of the Young Women organization of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 2013 to 2018. Neill Foote was born in Alexandria, Louisiana. She has a degree in English literature from Southern Methodist University and later worked as a secretary at Harvard University. While at Harvard, she met David Marriott, who introduced her to the LDS Church. She was baptized into the LDS Church and about a year later began dating Marriott. They were married in the Salt",
"psg_id": "17850969"
},
{
"title": "Neill Malcolm",
"text": "dog on a bone. \"Stabbed in the back?\" he repeated. \"Yes, that's it, exactly, we were stabbed in the back.\" And thus was born a legend which has never entirely perished. In retirement he was President of the North Borneo Chartered Company from 1926 to 1946 and High Commissioner for German refugees from 1936 to 1938. In May 1907 he married his cousin, Angela Malcolm; they had a daughter and two sons. Neill Malcolm Major-General Sir Neill Malcolm, KCB, DSO (8 October 1869 – 21 December 1953) was a British Army officer who served as Chief of Staff to Fifth",
"psg_id": "15908769"
},
{
"title": "John Neill",
"text": "John Neill John Robert Winder Neill (born 17 December 1945) was the Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin until the end of January 2011. The fourth generation of his family to become a clergyman, John Neill was educated in Dublin at the Avoca School and at Sandford Park. He attended the University of Dublin (Trinity College), Jesus College and Ridley Hall, Cambridge. He became a deacon in 1969, a priest in 1970, and a bishop in 1986. At the Lambeth Conference in 1988 he proposed all the approved resolutions in respect of Women in the Episcopate and was chairman of",
"psg_id": "8200257"
},
{
"title": "Wilfred T. Neill",
"text": "Wilfred T. Neill Wilfred T. Neill (1922–2001) was an American herpetologist and author. His name survives in the scientific names of the central Florida crowned snake, \"Tantilla relicta neilli\", and a Central American snail-eating snake, \"Sibon sanniolus neilli\". Wilfred Trammell Neill, Jr., was born in Augusta, Georgia, on January 12, 1922. He graduated at the age of 19 with a B.S. from the University of Georgia. He served in the Army Air Force in the South Pacific during World War II. After the war, Neill taught Biology and Zoology in Augusta, Georgia, at Richmond Academy and Augusta Junior College. In",
"psg_id": "11799383"
},
{
"title": "James George Smith Neill",
"text": "in the Andamans was named after him, as a mark of honour and now Neill Island (or Neil Island). James George Smith Neill James George Smith Neill (27 May 1810 – 25 September 1857) was a Scottish military officer of the East India Company, who served during the Indian rebellion of 1857. He was infamous for the indiscriminate killing of native Indians during the uprising following the Bibighar massacre. His father was Colonel Neill. Neill was born at Swindridgemuir, near Dalry, Scotland and educated at the University of Glasgow. Entering the service of the British East India Company in 1827,",
"psg_id": "6394996"
},
{
"title": "Marshall Allen Neill",
"text": "States Senate on August 2, 1972, and received his commission on August 9, 1972. He served as Chief Judge from 1973 to 1979. Neill served in that capacity until his death on October 6, 1979. Marshall Allen Neill Marshall Allen Neill (August 23, 1914 – October 6, 1979) was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Washington. Born in Pullman, Washington, Neill received a Bachelor of Arts degree from Washington State University in 1935 and a Juris Doctor from the University of Idaho College of Law in 1938. He was in",
"psg_id": "13105651"
},
{
"title": "Terry Neill (Liverpool)",
"text": "Terry Neill (Liverpool) Terry Neill (born about 1941 in Liverpool) is a racehorse owner and former Liverpool FC shareholder. He hails from the Queen's Drive area of Liverpool, but by 2001 was living at Chalfont St Giles in Buckinghamshire. Neill left Bowaters to set up his own packaging and plastics business, exploited the new trend for own-branding by supermarkets and then sold out in 1995, when the annual turnover had reached £15m, to become a venture capitalist. Neill has had racehorses in training with Martin Pipe, Michael Bell and Richard Hannon, Sr.. His best horse was probably Gloria Victis, who",
"psg_id": "17758208"
}
] | [
"the norn iron",
"irland du nord",
"irlanda del norte",
"norrn iron",
"geography of northern ireland",
"north ireland",
"northern ireland",
"governance of northern ireland",
"ireland (northern ireland)",
"the north of ireland",
"n. ireland",
"northern ireland, uk",
"the northern ireland",
"6 counties",
"n ireland",
"ulster (uk)",
"six counties",
"northeast of ireland",
"north ireland",
"northern ireland assembly and executive",
"nothern irish",
"tuaisceart eireann",
"north of ireland",
"nothern ireland",
"na sé contaethe",
"norlin airlan",
"northern irish",
"northern irish politics",
"northern ireland, united kingdom",
"norn iron",
"norlin airlann",
"northern ireland (uk)",
"norn iron",
"na se contaethe",
"northern ireland assembly and executive",
"norn irn",
"northern ireland's national anthem",
"national anthem of northern ireland",
"ulster (occupied)",
"communications in northern ireland",
"norn ireland",
"ireland (north)",
"the occupied 6 counties",
"northern ireland",
"tuaisceart éireann",
"north of ireland"
] |
what was the official occupation of sir anthony blunt who was unmasked as a soviet spy in 1979? | [
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "Maclean to the Soviet Union. Anthony Blunt Anthony Frederick Blunt (26 September 1907 – 26 March 1983), known as Sir Anthony Blunt, KCVO, from 1956 to 1979, was a leading British art historian who in 1964, after being offered immunity from prosecution, confessed to having been a Soviet spy. Blunt had been a member of the Cambridge Five, a group of spies working for the Soviet Union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. His confession, a closely held secret for many years, was revealed publicly by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher in November 1979. He",
"psg_id": "2196739"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "The Prime Minister Was a Spy",
"text": "The Prime Minister Was a Spy The Prime Minister Was a Spy is a 1983 book by British writer Anthony Grey. The book's premise is that Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 to 1967, was a lifelong spy for the Chinese government, under both the Nationalist and Communist regimes. Its most famous claim is that Holt faked his own death – rather than drowning, he boarded a Chinese submarine stationed off the Australian coast and lived the rest of his life in Beijing. The book was widely ridiculed upon its release, and has been identified as containing numerous",
"psg_id": "20370051"
},
{
"title": "The Prime Minister Was a Spy",
"text": "that he had been acting in bad faith. The Prime Minister Was a Spy The Prime Minister Was a Spy is a 1983 book by British writer Anthony Grey. The book's premise is that Harold Holt, Prime Minister of Australia from 1966 to 1967, was a lifelong spy for the Chinese government, under both the Nationalist and Communist regimes. Its most famous claim is that Holt faked his own death – rather than drowning, he boarded a Chinese submarine stationed off the Australian coast and lived the rest of his life in Beijing. The book was widely ridiculed upon its",
"psg_id": "20370057"
},
{
"title": "Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild",
"text": "she told Rothschild that she thought that Tomás Harris and Kim Philby were Soviet spies. When Anthony Blunt was unmasked as a member of the Cambridge Spy ring in 1964, Rothschild was questioned by Special Branch (though Blunt was not publicly identified as a Soviet agent until 1979 in the House of Commons by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher). Rothschild was cleared, and continued working on projects for the British government. Rothschild was head of the Central Policy Review Staff from 1971 to 1974 (known popularly as \"The Think Tank\") a staff which researched policy specifically for the Government until Margaret",
"psg_id": "2305143"
},
{
"title": "Louis Heren",
"text": "running a newspaper in the 1970s, he nurtured many notable talents, including Robert Fisk, Peter Hennessy and Paul Vallely. With his independent, earthy and instinctual style, he was't always happy within the confines of the editorial offices. In 1979, he oversaw the joint interviews, in \"The Times\" boardroom, with Sir Anthony Blunt after he was unmasked as the Fifth Man in the Cambridge Soviet spy ring. Heren drew fierce criticism from some newspapers after it became known he had asked for kippers to be brought in from a nearby smokehouse for Blunt's lunch. When Rupert Murdoch acquired the paper, Heren",
"psg_id": "10152051"
},
{
"title": "Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet",
"text": "who was much later revealed to be a Soviet spy, which led to suspicions that Rumbold might have been the so-called \"Fifth Man\" in the spy ring which included Maclean. In 1974 Sir Anthony and Lady Rumbold were divorced and he married Mrs Pauline Graham, whose first husband had been the anthropologist and ethnographer Julian Pitt-Rivers. They had no children; she died in 2008. Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet Sir Anthony Rumbold, 10th Baronet (7 March 1911 – 4 December 1983) was a British diplomat, ambassador to Thailand and Austria. Horace Anthony Claude Rumbold, son of Sir Horace Rumbold, 9th",
"psg_id": "16579937"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "with tax remission) and is now in the Fitzwilliam Museum. There are numerous versions of how Blunt was recruited to the NKVD. As a Cambridge don, Blunt visited the Soviet Union in 1933, and was possibly recruited in 1934. In a press conference, Blunt claimed that Guy Burgess recruited him as a spy. Many sources suggest that Blunt remained at Cambridge and served as a talent-spotter. He may have identified Burgess, Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, John Cairncross and Michael Straight – all undergraduates at Trinity College (except Maclean at the neighbouring Trinity Hall), a few years younger than he –",
"psg_id": "2196704"
},
{
"title": "I Was a Spy",
"text": "I Was a Spy I Was a Spy is a 1933 British thriller film directed by Victor Saville and starring Madeleine Carroll, Herbert Marshall, and Conrad Veidt. Based on the 1932 memoir \"I Was a Spy\" by Marthe Cnockaert, the film is about a Belgian woman who nurses injured German soldiers during World War I while passing intelligence to the British. \"I Was a Spy\" was also the first film dubbed in Poland (while there were earlier examples of films dubbed in Polish, they were recorded in Paramount studio in Joinville, France), released in 1935 as \"Siostra Marta jest szpiegiem\",",
"psg_id": "14424767"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "The Catcher Was a Spy The Catcher Was a Spy: The Mysterious Life of Moe Berg is a 1994 biography written by Nicholas Dawidoff about a major league baseball player who also worked for the Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Moe Berg, the subject of the book, was an enigmatic person who hid much of his private life from those who knew him and who spent his later decades as a jobless drifter living off the good will of friends and relatives. The book spent seven weeks on The New York Times Best Seller",
"psg_id": "17458421"
},
{
"title": "I Was a Spy",
"text": "successful at the box office, this was not Saville's reaction. He watched the completed \"I Was a Spy\" with one of the Assistant Directors Herbert Mason and was devastated however Mason reassured him that it was his \"best to date.\" \"I Was a Spy\" was released on DVD on 19 May 2014. I Was a Spy I Was a Spy is a 1933 British thriller film directed by Victor Saville and starring Madeleine Carroll, Herbert Marshall, and Conrad Veidt. Based on the 1932 memoir \"I Was a Spy\" by Marthe Cnockaert, the film is about a Belgian woman who nurses",
"psg_id": "14424769"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "it was announced that American actor Paul Rudd will portray Berg in the upcoming biographical film \"The Catcher Was a Spy\". The film is directed by Ben Lewin and received its world premiere on January 19, 2018, at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. The Catcher Was a Spy The Catcher Was a Spy: The Mysterious Life of Moe Berg is a 1994 biography written by Nicholas Dawidoff about a major league baseball player who also worked for the Office of Strategic Services, the forerunner of the Central Intelligence Agency. Moe Berg, the subject of the book, was an enigmatic person",
"psg_id": "17458443"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "his public exposure. In 1948, demobilised army officer Philip Hay attended an interview at Buckingham Palace for the post of private secretary to the Dowager Duchess of Kent. After passing Blunt in a corridor, Sir Alan Lascelles, the King's private secretary, told Hay: \"That's our Russian spy.\" According to MI5 papers released in 2002, Moura Budberg, known as the Russian Mata Hari and suspected of being a double agent, reported in 1950 that Blunt was a member of the Communist Party, but this was ignored. According to Blunt himself, he never joined because Burgess persuaded him that he would be",
"psg_id": "2196711"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "to Anthony Blunt on his 60th Birthday\", Phaidon 1967 (introduction by Ellis Waterhouse), contains a full list of his writings up to 1966. Major works include: Important articles after 1966: \"A Question of Attribution\" is a play written by Alan Bennett about Blunt, covering the weeks before his public exposure as a spy, and his relationship with Queen Elizabeth II. After a successful run in London's West End, it was made into a television play directed by John Schlesinger and starring James Fox, Prunella Scales and Geoffrey Palmer. It was aired on the BBC in 1991. This play was seen",
"psg_id": "2196736"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy (film)",
"text": "The Catcher Was a Spy (film) The Catcher Was a Spy is a 2018 American biographical spy film directed by Ben Lewin and written by Robert Rodat, based on the book of the same name by Nicholas Dawidoff. It stars Paul Rudd as Moe Berg, a former baseball player who joined the war effort during World War II and partook in espionage for the U.S. Government. Mark Strong, Sienna Miller, Jeff Daniels, Tom Wilkinson, Giancarlo Giannini, Hiroyuki Sanada, Guy Pearce and Paul Giamatti also star. The film premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival and was released on June 22,",
"psg_id": "19483432"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "Blunt. In the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher revealed Blunt's wartime role, firstly on Thursday 15 November 1979, and in more detail on 21 November. Sir Bernard Ingham, Thatcher's press secretary, suggested, \"I believe she did it because she didn't see why the system should cover things up. This was early in her prime ministership. I think she wanted to tell the civil service that the politicians decide policy, not the system. She wanted them to know who was boss.\" In a statement to the newsmedia on 20 November, Blunt claimed the decision to",
"psg_id": "2196719"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "\"Anthony\". Although Blunt was outwardly calm, the sudden exposure shocked him. His former pupil, art critic Brian Sewell, said at the time, \"He was so businesslike about it; he considered the implications for his knighthood and academic honours and what should be resigned and what retained. What he didn't want was a great debate at his clubs, the Athenaeum and the Travellers. He was incredibly calm about it all.\" Sewell was involved in protecting Blunt from the extensive media attention after his exposure, and his friend was spirited away to a flat within a house in Chiswick. Queen Elizabeth II",
"psg_id": "2196721"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "his hosts, never contradicted by their guest, that he continued to be a spy. He wasn't. Dawidoff describes a lonely soul who could bear only infrequent intimacy-he had a few serious relationships with women, and no close male friends ... As Dawidoff tracks his elusive subject, it is easy to agree with a bookseller who described Berg as \"a professional liar, a layabout who lived on his brother . . . a self-invented mystery, a charming chap, but an outright fraud. The mystery is that there is no mystery.\" Not all critics were complimentary of Dawidoff's treatment of Berg, who",
"psg_id": "17458440"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy (film)",
"text": "the film holds an approval rating of 34% based on 68 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"The Catcher Was a Spy\" loses sight of the most interesting elements of its fact-based story, dropping the ball and leaving likable lead Paul Rudd stranded.\" On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 49 out of 100, based on 27 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews.\" The Catcher Was a Spy (film) The Catcher Was a Spy is a 2018 American biographical spy film directed by Ben Lewin and written by Robert Rodat, based",
"psg_id": "19483435"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "Arthur Martin and Jim Skardon had interviewed Blunt 11 times since 1951, but Blunt had admitted nothing. Blunt was greatly distressed by Burgess's flight and, on 28 May 1951, confided in his friend Goronwy Rees, a fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, who had briefly supplied the NKVD with political information in 1938–39. Rees suggested that Burgess had gone to the Soviet Union because of his violent anti-Americanism and belief that America would involve Britain in a Third World War, and that he was a Soviet agent. Blunt suggested that this was not sufficient reason to denounce Burgess to MI5.",
"psg_id": "2196714"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "Berg followed up a career (1923-39) as a pseudo intellectual, third- string catcher by becoming a mediocre WW II spy, and then spent the last 25 years of his life as an unemployed vagabond, living off his charm and his wit and his vast store of friends. The only mystery left at the end of the book is whether to feel pity for Berg as a tragic, unfulfilled genius or irritation with him as a boor who gets more attention than he deserved. The reader is left knowing immeasurably more about Moe Berg, and caring immeasurably less.\" In April 2016,",
"psg_id": "17458442"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "as potential spies for the Soviets. Blunt said in his public confession that it was Burgess who converted him to the Soviet cause, after both had left Cambridge. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles, and Burgess could have recruited Blunt or vice versa either at Cambridge University or later when both worked for British intelligence. With the invasion of Poland by German and Soviet forces, Blunt joined the British Army in 1939. During the phoney war he served in France in the intelligence corps. When the Wehrmacht drove British forces back to Dunkirk in May 1940, he was evacuated",
"psg_id": "2196705"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "as a companion to Bennett's 1983 television play about Guy Burgess, \"An Englishman Abroad\". \"Blunt: The Fourth Man\" is a 1985 film starring Ian Richardson, Anthony Hopkins, Michael Williams, and Rosie Kerslake, covering the events of 1951 when Guy Burgess and Donald Maclean went missing. \"The Untouchable\", a 1997 novel by John Banville, is a roman à clef based largely on the life and character of Anthony Blunt; the novel's protagonist, Victor Maskell, is a loosely disguised Blunt, although some elements of the character are based on Louis MacNeice. \"I.M. Anthony Blunt\" is a poem by Gavin Ewart, cleverly attempting",
"psg_id": "2196737"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation of Romania",
"text": "Soviet occupation of Romania The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania. The fate of the territories held by Romania after 1918 that were incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1940 is treated separately in the article on Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina. During the Eastern Front offensive of 1944, the Soviet Army occupied what had been the Kingdom of Romania prior to the military occupation. The northwestern part of Moldavia was occupied as a result of armed combat that",
"psg_id": "6654170"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "he was engaged in a dispute with Sir Denis Mahon regarding the authenticity of a Poussin work which rumbled on for several years. Mahon was shown to be correct. Blunt was also unaware that a painting in his own possession was also by Poussin. It has been suggested that Blunt could not accept that Poussin may have produced inferior work. Notable students who have been influenced by Blunt include Aaron Scharf, photography historian and author of 'Art and Photography' (whom Blunt assisted, along with Scharf's wife, in escaping McCarthy condemnation for their support of communism), Brian Sewell (an art critic",
"psg_id": "2196731"
},
{
"title": "The Prime Minister Was a Spy",
"text": "factual errors. Anthony Grey was a former Reuters correspondent, best known for being held captive by the Chinese government from 1967 to 1969. He later turned to writing novels, several of which featured main characters who fell in love with Asian countries as young men. In May 1983, Grey received an anonymous call from a man claiming to have discovered the final fate of Harold Holt. They spent the next two months going over a manuscript, and eventually agreed that the story would be published under Grey's name. Grey's anonymous caller was later identified as Ronald Titcombe, a former Royal",
"psg_id": "20370052"
},
{
"title": "Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland",
"text": "estimate accurately. The biggest difficulty in estimating their number comes from the fact that the ethnic makeup of the victims was not always stated in Polish official reports. Generally speaking, the attitude of Soviet servicemen toward women of Slavic background was better than toward those who spoke German. According to Ostrowska & Zaremba, whether the number of purely Polish victims could have reached or even exceeded 100,000 remains a matter of guesswork. Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland The subject of rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe was absent",
"psg_id": "15452717"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "He pointed out that \"Burgess was one of our oldest friends and to denounce him would not be the act of a friend.\" Blunt quoted E. M. Forster's belief that country was less important than friendship. He argued that \"Burgess had told me he was a spy in 1936 and I had not told anyone.\" Blunt was made a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order in 1956 by Queen Elizabeth II. In 1963, MI5 learned of Blunt's espionage from an American, Michael Straight, whom he had recruited. Blunt confessed to MI5 on 23 April 1964, and Queen Elizabeth II",
"psg_id": "2196715"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "inscrutable life is that nobody knows where he is.\" The Catcher Was a Spy proved to be a popular book, spending seven weeks on the New York Times best-seller list. Critics praised Dawidoff's thorough research and ability to tie together the many facets of Berg's life. \"Dawidoff ... has done heroic research, much of it in unlit corners, and he avoids the temptation of rehashing it to excess. For the most part he also eschews the temptations of amateur psychoanalysis; when he does succumb, it is mostly to revealing effect. Moe Berg doubtless will forever remain a mystery, but Dawidoff",
"psg_id": "17458436"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "list which described the biography as \"The life of Moe Berg, big-league catcher, O.S.S. agent, lady's man, and freeloader.\" Berg was born in 1902 to a Jewish couple that lived in New York City, not far from the Polo Grounds, the home of the New York Giants baseball team. His father, Bernard Berg, was a pharmacist who emigrated from Ukraine in part to escape from what he considered to be the oppressive nature of an almost entirely Jewish village. Berg's mother, Rose Tashker, was also a Ukrainian Jew. She was engaged to Bernard prior to his emigration. The couple, along",
"psg_id": "17458422"
},
{
"title": "The Prime Minister Was a Spy",
"text": "officials\". \"The Prime Minister Was a Spy\" made the following claims: Tom Frame, Holt's biographer, describes Titcombe and Grey's account as a \"complete fabrication\". He notes that there is \"no corroborative evidence\" for most of their claims, as none of the documents referred to in the book were produced. Furthermore, Holt was stridently anti-Communist, the large sums of money he supposedly received were never reflected in his lifestyle, he was highly unlikely to have deserted his wife and children, and the water off of Cheviot Beach was much too shallow for a submarine to submerge. Zara Holt observed that her",
"psg_id": "20370054"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy (film)",
"text": "2018, by IFC Films. Moe Berg, a 15-year baseball veteran, joins the war effort as a spy to beat Germany in the race to build the first atomic bomb. The project was announced on April 26, 2016, with Ben Lewin hired to direct, Robert Rodat tasked with adapting the biography, and Paul Rudd cast as Moe Berg; PalmStar Media would produce. In February 2017, Guy Pearce, Jeff Daniels, Paul Giamatti, Sienna Miller and Giancarlo Giannini were added to the cast, and filming began on February 13, with filming locations being Prague and Boston. Hiroyuki Sanada was cast in March, with",
"psg_id": "19483433"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Never Was",
"text": "screenplay of the film stayed as close to the truth as was convenient, with the remainder being fiction. For example, the Irish spy in the film is a complete fabrication. The British Secret Service controlled the German spy network in the UK with its Double-Cross System, though this fact was still secret at the time the film was made. Ewen Montagu declared that he was happy with the fictitious incidents which, although they did not happen, might have happened. During filming, Montagu has a cameo role, that of a Royal Air Force air vice-marshal who has doubts about the feasibility",
"psg_id": "4111931"
},
{
"title": "What It Was, Was Football",
"text": "What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of the",
"psg_id": "11372888"
},
{
"title": "What It Was, Was Football",
"text": "film. What It Was, Was Football Mason “What It Was, Was Football” is a monologue by actor-comedian Andy Griffith. The monologue is a description of a college football game, as seen by a naive country preacher who attends the game by accident and is entirely puzzled by it. At Griffith's request, Milton Alderfer (who was only 19 at the time), recorded and produced the original master tape in Greensboro, North Carolina. The master was then sent to Chapel Hill, North Carolina and mass-produced by the Colonial Records label in late 1953. Soon, after Colonial had sold nearly 50,000 copies of",
"psg_id": "11372892"
},
{
"title": "The Spy Who Loved Me (film)",
"text": "the credit style first used in \"The Spy Who Loved Me\" has been used on all Eon Bond films since \"For Your Eyes Only\", including \"Casino Royale\". Broccoli commissioned a number of writers to work on the script, including Stirling Silliphant, John Landis, Ronald Hardy, Anthony Burgess, and Derek Marlowe. The British television producer Gerry Anderson also stated that he provided a film treatment (although originally planned to be \"Moonraker\") much similar to what ended up as \"The Spy Who Loved Me\". Eventually, Richard Maibaum provided the screenplay, and at first he tried to incorporate ideas from all of the",
"psg_id": "8516403"
},
{
"title": "Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt",
"text": "as a basis. For his book \"\"The Art of Botanical Illustration'\"\" in 1950 he was awarded the Veitch Memorial Medal by the Royal Horticultural Society. His brothers were the numismatist Christopher Evelyn Blunt and Anthony Blunt, Poussin expert and Russian spy. Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt Wilfrid Jasper Walter Blunt (1901–1987) was an art teacher, author, artist and curator of the Watts Gallery at Compton, Surrey (1959–83). The son of the Rev. A. S. V. Blunt, of Paris, Blunt was educated at Marlborough College, where he was a scholar, leaving in July 1920 for Worcester College, Oxford, where he was an",
"psg_id": "8998413"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "Britain. Both were members of the Cambridge Apostles (also known as the Conversazione Society), a clandestine Cambridge discussion group of 12 undergraduates, mostly from Trinity and King's Colleges who considered themselves to be the brightest minds in the university. Many were homosexual and Marxist at that time. Amongst other members also later accused of being part of the Cambridge spy ring were the American Michael Whitney Straight and Victor Rothschild, who later worked for MI5. Rothschild gave Blunt £100 to purchase \"Eliezar and Rebecca\" by Nicolas Poussin. The painting was sold by Blunt's executors in 1985 for £100,000 (totalling £192,500",
"psg_id": "2196703"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy (film)",
"text": "Tom Wilkinson, Connie Nielsen and Shea Whigham joining in April. Principal photography lasted for 30 days. The film was set to have its world premiere at the Toronto International Film Festival in September 2017, but the film was pulled out after it was realized that post-production would not be complete in time. It premiered at the 2018 Sundance Film Festival. IFC Films acquired the film and set a release date of June 22, 2018. \"The Catcher Was a Spy\" made $114,771 from 49 theaters in its opening weekend, for an average of $2,459 per venue. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes,",
"psg_id": "19483434"
},
{
"title": "A. J. P. Taylor",
"text": "In 1964, while he retained his college fellowship, the University of Oxford declined to renew Taylor's appointment as a university lecturer in modern history. This apparently sudden decision came in the aftermath of the controversy around his book \"The Origins of the Second World War\". Moving to London, he became a lecturer at the Institute of Historical Research at University College London and also at the Polytechnic of North London. In 1979, Taylor resigned in protest from the British Academy over its dismissal of Anthony Blunt, who had been exposed as a Soviet spy. Taylor took the position that: Taylor",
"psg_id": "1256515"
},
{
"title": "Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia)",
"text": "the decision puts it, hundreds of thousands of victims of political repressions of the Communist occupational regime. Georgia's establishment of \"Soviet Occupation Day\" followed the example of Moldova. Moldova's president Mihai Ghimpu instituted in 2010, Soviet Occupation Day to remember the Soviet occupation on June 28, 1940, but the Constitutional Court cancelled his decree on July 12, 2010. In Latvia the \"Occupation of the Latvian Republic Day\" was declared an official remembrance day on May 18, 2000, it is observed on June 17. Soviet Occupation Day (Georgia) Soviet Occupation Day (, \"sabch'ot'a okupats'iis dge\") is a holiday in the country",
"psg_id": "14754354"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "has brought the mystery to life.\" \"...dealing with Berg's famous elusiveness is where Mr. Dawidoff's biography shines the brightest. This is not an easy subject to write about, since Berg grew increasingly evasive as he got older and during the final 25 years of his life he had no employment or ordered routine. In his final chapter, \"The Secret Life of Moe Berg\", Dawidoff undertakes a psychobiography of his subject and plumbs what he has earlier hinted at. Berg was always blind to his real feelings, the author suggests, and nearly lost control of himself toward the end. What he",
"psg_id": "17458437"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "had previously been held in awe by his many fans. \"Dawidoff has taken a mythic character and exposed him as an eccentric crank whose oversized feet were made almost entirely of clay. Dawidoff has accumulated a vast body of information in a remarkable job of research, especially considering that Berg, who died of a heart attack at age 70 in 1972, deliberately cloaked the details of his life in mystery. What Dawidoff has failed to do is distill it into a story calculated to hold a reader's interest. Rather, he presents an almost legalistic mass of evidence to prove that",
"psg_id": "17458441"
},
{
"title": "Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet",
"text": "Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet Sir Charles Richard Blunt, 4th Baronet (6 December 1775 – 29 February 1840) was a British Member of Parliament. Blunt was the eldest son of Sir Charles William Blunt, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Elizabeth (née Peers), and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1802. He served with the East India Company and also represented Lewes in the House of Commons from 1831 until his death. Blunt married Sophia, daughter of Joseph Baker, in 1824. He died in February 1840, aged 64, and was succeeded in his title by his son Walter. Lady Blunt",
"psg_id": "10501056"
},
{
"title": "I Was an American Spy",
"text": "by the Japanese. Sentenced to death, she is rescued in the nick of time by American soldiers (one of whom is Cpl. John Boone (Gene Evans)) who storm Bilibid Prison, killing the Japanese guards. Unfortunately for the studio, the relatively low-budget film fell flat with critics, with \"The New York Times\" writing that it \"isn't especially stimulating either as a narrative or as a tribute to personal courage.\" Hal Erickson noted in AllMovie, however, that the film \"handles its more brutal scenes with a marked degree of tastefulness\". I Was an American Spy I Was An American Spy is a",
"psg_id": "17608970"
},
{
"title": "I Was an American Spy",
"text": "I Was an American Spy I Was An American Spy is a 1951 film dramatizing the true story of Claire Phillips, an American of Filipino descent who spied on the Japanese during World War II and was captured, tortured, and sentenced to death before being rescued. The film, produced by Allied Artists and directed by Lesley Selander, starred Ann Dvorak in the title role. In addition to obtaining the rights to her 1947 book \"Manila Espionage\", the filmmakers brought Phillips on as a technical adviser and she made personal appearances to promote the film, Phillipse and Dvorak became good friends,",
"psg_id": "17608967"
},
{
"title": "S – Portrait of a Spy",
"text": "S – Portrait of a Spy S: Portrait of a Spy is a controversial 1978 spy novel by Canadian writer Ian Adams. Adams was sued by a former counter-intelligence official on the grounds the novel's main character bore too close a resemblance to his own life. Former Minister of National Defence Paul Hellyer wrote that information in the novel seemed sufficiently credible to alter the mandate of a high-profile inquiry into wrongdoing by the RCMP Security Service. In the novel \"S\" is employed as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police's official in charge of countering attempts by the Soviet Union to",
"psg_id": "17703670"
},
{
"title": "Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet",
"text": "died in 1862. Sir Charles Blunt, 4th Baronet Sir Charles Richard Blunt, 4th Baronet (6 December 1775 – 29 February 1840) was a British Member of Parliament. Blunt was the eldest son of Sir Charles William Blunt, 3rd Baronet, and his wife Elizabeth (née Peers), and succeeded his father in the baronetcy in 1802. He served with the East India Company and also represented Lewes in the House of Commons from 1831 until his death. Blunt married Sophia, daughter of Joseph Baker, in 1824. He died in February 1840, aged 64, and was succeeded in his title by his son",
"psg_id": "10501057"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "historian. Golding passed them on to the British Library, insisting that they not be released for 25 years. It was finally made available to readers on 23 July 2009. Golding explains: \"I did so because, although most of the figures mentioned were dead, their families might not like it. It covers his Cambridge days and there are a number of names. They weren't all spies, but communism was common amongst intellectuals in the Thirties.\" In the typed manuscript, Blunt conceded that spying for the Soviet Union was the biggest mistake of his life. What I did not realise is that",
"psg_id": "2196724"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "and the Soviet contacts. For although the Soviet Union was now an ally, Russians were not trusted. Some information concerned German preparations and detailed plans for the Battle of Kursk, the last major German offensive on the Eastern Front. Malcolm Muggeridge, himself a wartime British agent, recalls meeting Kim Philby and Victor Rothschild, a friend of Blunt since Trinity College, Cambridge. He reported that at the Paris meeting in late 1955 Rothschild argued that much more Ultra material should have been given to Stalin. For once, Philby reportedly dropped his reserve, and agreed. During the war, Blunt attained the rank",
"psg_id": "2196709"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Was Thursday",
"text": "mysteriously and assigned to defeat the Council. They soon find out they were fighting each other and not real anarchists; such was the mastermind plan of their president, Sunday. In a surreal conclusion, Sunday is unmasked as only seeming to be terrible; in fact, he is a force of good like the detectives. Sunday is unable to give an answer to the question of why he caused so much trouble and pain for the detectives. Gregory, the only real anarchist, seems to challenge the good council. His accusation is that they, as rulers, have never suffered like Gregory and their",
"psg_id": "2469501"
},
{
"title": "What Was Lost",
"text": "What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was working as an assistant manager in a record shop. She was interested in the difference in shopping centres by day and",
"psg_id": "11413536"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation of the Baltic states (1940)",
"text": "piece of business—a request to join the Soviet Union. These requests carried unanimously. In early August, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR \"accepted\" all three requests. The official Soviet line was that all three Baltic states carried out socialist revolutions and voluntarily requested to join the Soviet Union. The new Soviet-installed governments in the Baltic states began to align their policies with current Soviet practices. According to the prevailing doctrine in the process, the old \"bourgeois\" societies were destroyed so that new socialist societies, run by loyal Soviet citizens, could be constructed in their place. Soviet occupation of the Baltic",
"psg_id": "14530245"
},
{
"title": "Museum of Soviet Occupation (Tbilisi)",
"text": "government Saakashvili’s response was to suggest offering funds for Russia to open a Museum of the Georgian Occupation in Moscow. Later, Saakashvili asserted that the museum was not directed against anyone: \"this is a museum of the Soviet occupation, not of a Russian occupation of Georgia... If someone, somewhere, at some level, takes this personally, that is their problem and not ours.\" In March 2007, the Museum was visited by the President of Ukraine Victor Yuschenko who suggested opening a similar museum in Ukraine. Museum of Soviet Occupation (Tbilisi) The Museum of the Soviet Occupation (, \"sabch’ot’a okupats’iis muzeumi\") is",
"psg_id": "11873512"
},
{
"title": "Culture of Dorset",
"text": "an oath of loyalty to one another. In 1686, Thomas Erle hosted a secret meeting in the ice house at Charborough Park. The discussion led directly to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Soviet spy Anthony Blunt was born in Bournemouth in 1907. He was stripped of his knighthood in 1979 for treason. Dorset has produced two archbishops: John Morton and William Wake. Dorset is a popular home for performing artists. Those who have moved to or own second homes in Dorset include the director Guy Ritchie, actors Martin Clunes and Edward Fox; singer-songwriters Billy Bragg and Noel Gallagher; and",
"psg_id": "15645596"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation of Romania",
"text": "between 1952 and 1960, which was used, at least in part, in the Soviet atomic bomb project. Uranium mining continued there until 1961. All ore was shipped abroad for processing, initially to Sillamäe in Estonia; the uranium concentrate was then used exclusively by the Soviet Union. Comparing the Soviet occupation of Romania to that of Bulgaria, David Stone notes: \"Unlike Bulgaria, Romania had few cultural and historical ties with Russia, and had actually waged war on the Soviet Union. As a result, Soviet occupation weighted heavier on the Romanian people, and the troops themselves were less disciplined.\" Soviet occupation of",
"psg_id": "6654195"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940",
"text": "the legal successor state of the USSR, does not recognize the forcible occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union. Specifically in reference to Latvia, the Russian Duma passed a resolution to \"remind the deputies of the Latvian Saeima that Latvia's being a part of the Soviet Union was grounded by fact and \"by law from the international juridical point of view\".\" The government of Russia further maintains that the Soviet Union liberated Latvia from the Germans in 1944. In 2000, Soviet Occupation Day — June 17 — became a remembrance day in Latvia. Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 The",
"psg_id": "10897730"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "for outsiders to gather intelligence. By the time Berg's career was coming to an end, he had gained a reputation as one of the game's smartest players and was a favorite of newspaper reporters who enjoyed writing the storyline of the Princeton language scholar and New York lawyer who was also a big league catcher. But the final years Berg spent as a player, and then a coach, for the Red Sox caused both teammates and reporters to raise questions about his actual role with the team. Aside from giving foreign language lessons to members of the bullpen, he was",
"psg_id": "17458428"
},
{
"title": "Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation",
"text": "now of the Cabinet of Moldova. In English, the inscription on the stone reads: Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation The Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation () is a proposed monument in Chişinău, Moldova. A commemorative stone was unveiled on 28 June 2010, as a monument to the victims of the Soviet occupation and the totalitarian communist regime, Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova. It is located on Great National Assembly Square, formerly known as Victory Square and once home to the central monument to Lenin of Soviet Moldavia. It is prominent in front of Government",
"psg_id": "14689973"
},
{
"title": "Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation",
"text": "Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation The Monument to the Victims of the Soviet Occupation () is a proposed monument in Chişinău, Moldova. A commemorative stone was unveiled on 28 June 2010, as a monument to the victims of the Soviet occupation and the totalitarian communist regime, Soviet Occupation Day in Moldova. It is located on Great National Assembly Square, formerly known as Victory Square and once home to the central monument to Lenin of Soviet Moldavia. It is prominent in front of Government House, originally the seat of the Council of Ministers of the Moldavian SSR and",
"psg_id": "14689972"
},
{
"title": "The Boy Who Was a King",
"text": "The Boy Who Was a King The Boy Who Was a King is a 2011 Bulgarian documentary film about Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, directed by Andrey Paounov. The film received nominations and awards at various international film festivals. It was included in the official selections of Toronto International Film Festival, International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam and others. The film is the third part of direcotor Andrey Paounov's unofficial trilogy on the \"absurdity of the Bulgarian transition period\". The film tells the story of Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the last Bulgarian Tsar. He assumed the throne at the age of six, when his father Boris",
"psg_id": "16778071"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Never Was",
"text": "of the proposed plan. It was described by Ben Macintyre in \"Operation Mincemeat\" as a \"surreal\" moment when the real Montagu addressed his fictional persona, played by Webb. The film earned an estimated $1.1 million in North American rentals in 1956. The \"Radio Times\" wrote, \"the picture may appear overly reverent by today's standards. But this is still a crucial wartime spy tale that is well worth watching.\" The BBC's popular radio comedy show, \"The Goon Show\", made a send-up of the story of \"The Man Who Never Was\" (based on the book) and incorporated most of the regular \"Goon",
"psg_id": "4111932"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "a pistol, but determined that Heisenberg's efforts and Germany's progress in the developing a weapon were overstated. Later, Berg befriended Heisenberg, and along with his other work both in Switzerland and later in Italy, helped convince U.S. military officials that Germany was not on the verge of developing an atomic bomb. Despite his law degree and offers to coach in the major leagues, Berg opted to live with his brother, Dr. Samuel Berg, in New Jersey and spend the remainder of his life unemployed, living off the good will of friends and family. When people asked Berg what he did",
"psg_id": "17458432"
},
{
"title": "What Was Lost",
"text": "for which O'Flynn received a prize of £2,500. It was BBC Radio 5 Live's Book of the Month in March 2007. What Was Lost What Was Lost is the 2007 début novel by Catherine O'Flynn. The novel is about a girl who goes missing in a shopping centre in 1984, and the people who try to discover what happened to her twenty years later. \"What Was Lost\" won the First Novel Award at the 2007 Costa Book Awards, and was short-listed for the overall Costa Book of the Year Award. O'Flynn found inspiration for \"What Was Lost\" while she was",
"psg_id": "11413541"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "provost of King's College, Cambridge, held a dinner party for Labour Home Secretary Roy Jenkins, Ann Fleming, widow of James Bond author Ian Fleming, and Victor Rothschild and his wife Tess. The Rothschilds brought their friend and lodger – Blunt. All had had wartime connections with British Intelligence; Jenkins at Bletchley Park. Blunt's role was represented under the name Maurice in Andrew Boyle's book \"Climate of Treason\" in 1979. Maurice was taken from the E. M. Forster novel of that name. Blunt tried to prevent the book's publication, which was reported in the magazine \"Private Eye\". This drew attention to",
"psg_id": "2196718"
},
{
"title": "Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland",
"text": "Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland The subject of rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland at the end of World War II in Europe was absent from the postwar historiography until the dissolution of the Soviet Union, although the documents of the era show that the problem was serious both during and after the advance of Soviet forces against Nazi Germany in 1944–1945. The lack of research for nearly half a century regarding the scope of sexual violence by Soviet males, wrote Katherine Jolluck, had been magnified by the traditional taboos among their victims, who were incapable of",
"psg_id": "15452703"
},
{
"title": "Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944",
"text": "and Holocaust victims. Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the military occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union in 1944. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union. Army Group Centre was in tatters, and the northern edge of the Soviet assault threatened to trap Army Group North in a pocket in the Courland region. Panzers of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz had been",
"psg_id": "13045443"
},
{
"title": "Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944",
"text": "Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 The Soviet re-occupation of Latvia in 1944 refers to the military occupation of Latvia by the Soviet Union in 1944. During World War II Latvia was first occupied by the Soviet Union in June 1940 and then was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1941–1944 after which it was re-occupied by the Soviet Union. Army Group Centre was in tatters, and the northern edge of the Soviet assault threatened to trap Army Group North in a pocket in the Courland region. Panzers of Hyazinth Graf Strachwitz von Gross-Zauche und Camminetz had been sent back to",
"psg_id": "13045429"
},
{
"title": "The Girl Who Was Plugged In",
"text": "in order to move up in society. Social status within this society is so dependent on what body one has in that people with “bad” bodies want to move into “better” bodies. Hicks says that this is precisely what gender disembodiment really means within the context of this short story. In relationship to human embodiment and this story, Scientists at MIT have created a device called sensory fiction that allows a reader to physically feel with his or her body what is happening in the story These scientists decided to use The Girl Who Was Plugged In as a prototype",
"psg_id": "3124206"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940",
"text": "of its independence, and after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Latvia's sovereignty was fully restored in 1991. On August 22, 1996, the Latvian parliament adopted a declaration which stated that the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 was a military occupation and an illegal incorporation. In the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, Latvia declared its independence on November 18, 1918. After a prolonged War of Independence, Latvia and Soviet Russia (the predecessor of the Soviet Union) signed a peace treaty on August 11, 1920. In its \"Article 2\" Soviet Russia \"unreservedly recognises the independence and sovereignty of",
"psg_id": "10897692"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation zone",
"text": "Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone (; , \"Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii\", \"Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany\") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone. The SBZ was one of the four Allied occupation zones of Germany created at the end of World War II. According to the Potsdam Agreement, the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (German initials: SMAD) was assigned responsibility",
"psg_id": "3211933"
},
{
"title": "The Spy (Cooper novel)",
"text": "ground between the British and Continental armies. Harvey Birch, peddler and patriot, is a character remotely founded upon that of a real spy who helped John Jay. H. L. Barnum's \"The Spy Unmasked; or Memoirs of Enoch Crosby, alias Harvey Birch\" (1828; 5th ed., 1864) claimed to identify the historical spy. The Spy (Cooper novel) The Spy: a Tale of the Neutral Ground was James Fenimore Cooper's second novel, published in 1821 by Wiley & Halsted. This was the earliest American novel to win wide and permanent fame and may be said to have begun the type of romance which",
"psg_id": "17193477"
},
{
"title": "Persecution of Christians in the Soviet Union",
"text": "or prosecuting law-breakers. The clergy were attacked as foreign spies and trials of bishops were conducted with their clergy as well as lay adherents who were reported as 'subversive terroristic gangs' that had been unmasked. Official propaganda at the time called for the banishment of the very concept of God from the Soviet Union. These persecutions were meant to assist the ultimate socialist goal of eliminating religion. From 1932 to 1937 Joseph Stalin declared the 'five-year plans of atheism' and the LMG was charged with completely eliminating all religious expression in the country. Many of these same methods and terror",
"psg_id": "10214673"
},
{
"title": "NOW! (1979–81 magazine)",
"text": "and incurred heavy losses. After 84 issues, Goldsmith closed it in 1981. Issue one featured on the cover a grainy black-and-white photograph of Brigadier Khalil al-Azzawi, director of Iraqi Military Intelligence with the banner \"Exclusive: How this man's agents spy on Britain...\" and a tag for a \"Special NOW! Enquiry\" on \"What the Young Generation really thinks\". Its editor was Anthony Shrimsley, Marketing Director (ex-Daily Mirror) Derek Rogers, and senior staff and contributors included, Frank Johnson, Clive Barnes, Art Buchwald and Patrick Hutber. NOW! (1979–81 magazine) NOW! was a British news magazine founded by entrepreneur Sir James Goldsmith, partly as",
"psg_id": "10263378"
},
{
"title": "The Dog It Was That Died",
"text": "jumping off Waterloo Bridge into the Thames. However, the attempt goes wrong when he falls not into the water but onto a passing barge, breaking his legs and killing a dog which was on the deck. Over the course of the play, the reasons for this emerge. Some years ago, Purvis was approached by a Soviet spy named Rashnikov, who asked him to work as a double agent. Purvis reported this to his British superiors, who told him to pretend to work as a Soviet double agent whilst really working for them. However, Purvis also recalls that Rashnikov had told",
"psg_id": "6171512"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "unusually quiet and reserved and did little more than help warm up pitchers who were about to enter the game. Berg himself only batted 33 times during the 1939 season. \"Not a lot of pep or vinegar\" is how he was described by Ted Williams who was one of Berg's young teammates. Berg was 39 years old when the United States entered World War II and at that age believed the best contribution he could make to the war effort was to use his language skills to further the allied cause. Using his numerous connections, Berg was offered a position",
"psg_id": "17458429"
},
{
"title": "Anthony Blunt",
"text": "by the Royal Navy. During that same year he was recruited to MI5, the Security Service. Before the war MI5 employed mostly former Indian policemen, for it was in India that the British Empire faced security threats. MI5 may have known Blunt's views, for an officer later claimed that it had been virtually running the Communist Party of Great Britain and complained about the cost of pension payments to its retired infiltrators. Blunt passed the results of Ultra intelligence from decrypted Enigma intercepts of Wehrmacht radio traffic from the Russian front. He also admitted to passing details of German spy",
"psg_id": "2196706"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation zone",
"text": "for the (present-day) eastern portion of Germany. By the time forces of the United States and Britain began to meet Soviet forces, forming a Line of contact, significant areas of what would become the Soviet zone of Germany were outside Soviet control. After several months of occupation these gains by the British and Americans were ceded to the Soviets, by July 1945, according to the previously agreed upon occupation zone boundaries. The SMAD allowed four political parties to develop, though they were all required to work together under an alliance known as the \"Democratic Bloc\" (later the National Front). In",
"psg_id": "3211934"
},
{
"title": "Soviet occupation zone",
"text": "West Germany, which refused to acknowledge the existence of a state in East Germany until 1972, when the government of Willy Brandt extended a qualified recognition under its Ostpolitik initiative. Soviet occupation zone The Soviet Occupation Zone (; , \"Sovetskaya okkupatsionnaya zona Germanii\", \"Soviet Occupation Zone of Germany\") was the area of central Germany occupied by the Soviet Union from 1945 on, at the end of World War II. On 7 October 1949 the German Democratic Republic (GDR), which became commonly referred to as East Germany, was established in the Soviet Occupation Zone. The SBZ was one of the four",
"psg_id": "3211937"
},
{
"title": "The Catcher Was a Spy",
"text": "Japan during an off-season baseball barnstorming tour in 1934 that were useful to the U.S. military after Pearl Harbor, and that he had worked for the OSS in Europe during the war, assessing whether Germany might make good on its promise to use an atomic device as its last, and most devastating, super-weapon. Nicholas Dawidoff's meticulously researched biography reveals that both stories were essentially true, although both were embellished by Berg, who spent the last quarter-century of his life as a freeloader whose currency as a house guest was not only his wide-ranging intelligence, but the assumption of most of",
"psg_id": "17458439"
},
{
"title": "Ursula Kuczynski",
"text": "confessed that he was a spy. The day before his trial started, fearing that she was about to be unmasked, Agent Sonya left England. In March 1950, after two decades away from the city of her birth, she turned up back in Berlin. Meanwhile, Klaus Fuchs finally identified her as his Soviet contact in November 1950. The espionage-related aspects of her friendship with Melita Norwood only began to emerge several decades later. Germany had changed. Ursula Beurton returned to East Berlin in the Soviet occupation zone of what remained of the country, although the Soviet Military Administration had by now",
"psg_id": "15099369"
},
{
"title": "What It Was, Was Football",
"text": "record, Capitol Records took over distribution and ultimately sold nearly 800,000 copies. It also shot into the Top 10 in the Billboard record charts, peaking at #9 in February 1954. \"What It Was...\" (which remains one of the biggest-selling comedy records of all time) was instrumental in launching Griffith's career in television, stage, and film. On the original single, the monologue is credited to \"\"Deacon\" Andy Griffith.\" Griffith made an appearance on \"The Ed Sullivan Show\" in 1954, in large part due to the popularity of the record. \"What It Was, Was Football\" was printed in \"Mad\" magazine in 1958,",
"psg_id": "11372889"
},
{
"title": "Firearm as a blunt weapon",
"text": "Firearm as a blunt weapon Firearm as a blunt weapon or firearm as a blunt instrument is the practice of using a firearm as a blunt weapon, rather than the conventional role of shooting with it. Examples of this include: Use of a firearm as a blunt weapon is usually seen in close quarter fighting, or when ammunition for the firearm has run out. It is also an effective battle strategy when ammunition supply is low, since knocking out enemies without firing the gun allows the user to save as many bullets as possible for later, more critical use. New",
"psg_id": "12876389"
},
{
"title": "Occupation of the Latvian Republic Day",
"text": "of the cabinet of the Latvian government. Soon after, State administrators were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians were deported or killed and Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union as The Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. \"Soviet Occupation Day\" became an official remembrance day on May 18, 2000. Moldova's interim president Mihai Ghimpu instituted in 2010 the Soviet Occupation Day holiday to remember the Soviet occupation on June 28, 1940, but the Constitutional Court cancelled his decree on July 12, 2010. Georgia followed the example and declared February 25 Soviet Occupation Day to recall the Red",
"psg_id": "14754350"
},
{
"title": "Firearm as a blunt weapon",
"text": "is a more common way to complete the robbery, rather than to shoot or stab them. Firearm as a blunt weapon Firearm as a blunt weapon or firearm as a blunt instrument is the practice of using a firearm as a blunt weapon, rather than the conventional role of shooting with it. Examples of this include: Use of a firearm as a blunt weapon is usually seen in close quarter fighting, or when ammunition for the firearm has run out. It is also an effective battle strategy when ammunition supply is low, since knocking out enemies without firing the gun",
"psg_id": "12876391"
},
{
"title": "James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me",
"text": "\"as much action as anyone could take.\" In their guide \"The Bond Files\", Andy Lane and Paul Simpson say Wood's novel \"counts as a decent Bond novel in its own right, and is certainly more stylish than many of the later volumes.\" That said, fan reaction to the novelization has been largely positive, with many fans claiming it to be one of the better James Bond continuation novels. James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me is the official novelization of the 1977 Eon \"James Bond\" film \"The Spy Who Loved Me\", which was",
"psg_id": "4397910"
},
{
"title": "Was (Not Was)",
"text": "guest players. In 1982, the group played on \"Don't Walk Away\", a solo album for lead singer \"Sweet Pea\" Atkinson. \"Born to Laugh at Tornadoes\" (1983) had even more guest musicians, including Ozzy Osbourne rapping over electro, Mitch Ryder singing a techno-rockabilly number, Mel Tormé performing a ballad about asphyxiation, and an abstract funk piece called \"Man vs. the Empire Brain Building\". Singer Donald Ray Mitchell joined the group as third lead vocalist. In 1988, they found their biggest hit with the album \"What Up, Dog?\", which featured the singles \"Walk the Dinosaur\" and \"Spy in the House of Love\".",
"psg_id": "3814593"
},
{
"title": "Soviet espionage in the United States",
"text": "information and resources to assist Soviet aims, and agreed to press for release of German occupation currency plates to the Soviet Union. The Soviets later used the plates to print unrestricted sums of money to exchange for U.S. and Allied hard goods. In August 1945 Elizabeth Bentley, fearful of assassination by the Soviet MGB, turned herself in to the government. She implicated many agents and sources in the Golos and Silvermaster spy networks, and was the first to accuse Harry Dexter White of acting on behalf of Soviet interests in releasing occupation plates to Moscow, later confirmed by Soviet archives",
"psg_id": "5182726"
},
{
"title": "Guy Liddell",
"text": "the Cambridge Five spy ring, Kim Philby and Anthony Blunt and in 1953 following an MI5 internal investigation he took early retirement and went to work as a security adviser to the Atomic Energy Authority. He died of heart failure aged 66 in 1958 at his home, 18 Richmond Court, Sloane Street, London, and was buried at Putney Vale Cemetery. In 1979, Goronwy Rees confessed to having been a Soviet spy, and named Liddell as the Fifth Man. Papers released since have all but completely cleared him of the charge, with the general academic consensus being that he was naïve",
"psg_id": "12214225"
},
{
"title": "Theodore Maly",
"text": "Soviet spy ring known as the Cambridge Five: Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, John Cairncross and Anthony Blunt. Maly also controlled Arthur Wynn, founder of the Oxford spy ring, who had been recruited by Edith Tudor-Hart. In 1937, he left England on a false passport to escape arrest for his involvement in the Woolwich Arsenal spy case. It is assumed that he was tipped off before MI5 could arrange for his arrest. In 1937 as the Stalinist terror took hold, Soviet intelligence personnel working abroad became principal targets of suspicion and were subject to recalls to the Soviet Union.",
"psg_id": "10673051"
},
{
"title": "What Was Before",
"text": "What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate, Mosebach's book is a deconstruction of",
"psg_id": "18660879"
},
{
"title": "What Was Before",
"text": "how we choose to tell stories.\" What Was Before What Was Before () is a 2010 novel by the German writer Martin Mosebach. Through a series of vignettes, it tells the story of a man from the affluent suburbs of Frankfurt, who is asked by his girlfriend what his life was like before they met. An English translation by Kári Driscoll was published in 2014. \"Publishers Weekly\" wrote: \"Mosebach's charming, exuberant narrator is not be trusted, and the novel calls into question our notions of memory. Mosebach's writing is florid, tinged with a biting wit. ... Irreverent, playful, and intricate,",
"psg_id": "18660880"
},
{
"title": "Official Secretary to the Governor-General of Australia",
"text": "one-year term. In 1916, George Steward, Official Secretary to Sir Ronald Munro Ferguson, founded and headed the Counter-Espionage Bureau, Australia's first secret service, whose agents pursued Industrial Workers of the World and Sinn Féin activists. Munro Ferguson was as unenthusiastic about these duties of his Official Secretary (whom he dubbed 'Pickle the Spy') and the unsavoury characters who consequently lurked about Government House as he was with the secret political work which Steward sometimes performed for Prime Minister Billy Hughes. The longest serving Official Secretary was Sir Murray Tyrrell, who served six governors-general over 26 years, 1947–1973. The current Acting",
"psg_id": "12430524"
},
{
"title": "A Question of Attribution",
"text": "others in the security service. At the end of the film, the time of Blunt's exposure, Blunt tells Chubb that X-rays had revealed the presence of a fourth and fifth man. One of the sub-texts in the scene with the Queen is whether or not Her Majesty knew that Blunt was a former Soviet spy. They briefly discuss the Dutch Vermeer forger Han van Meegeren, and how his paintings now look like fakes, but were accepted as genuine in the (early) 1940s, and touch on the nature of fakes and secrets. After she has left and an assistant asks what",
"psg_id": "6801033"
}
] | [
"art historians",
"art-history",
"historical development of art history",
"history of art",
"art historian",
"history of the visual arts",
"arthistorians",
"art-historically",
"art-historians",
"history of art",
"origin of art",
"history of the arts",
"social history of art",
"art-histories",
"art historical",
"art historically",
"arthistory",
"art-historian",
"art history",
"art histories",
"arthistorically",
"art-historical",
"arthistories",
"art historian",
"historian of art",
"arthistorian",
"arthistorical"
] |
which famous name was accused f the abduction of stompie seipei? | [
{
"title": "Stompie Seipei",
"text": "Stompie Seipei James Seipei (1974–1 January 1989), also known as Stompie Moeketsi, or Stompie Sepei was a teenage United Democratic Front (UDF) activist from Parys in South Africa. He and three other boys were kidnapped on 29 December 1988 by members of Winnie Mandela's bodyguards, known as the \"Mandela United Football Club\". Moeketsi was murdered on 1 January 1989, the only one of the boys to be killed. Moeketsi joined the street uprising against Apartheid in the mid-1980s at age ten, and soon took on a leading role. He became the country's youngest political detainee when he spent his 12th",
"psg_id": "11391140"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Stompie Seipei",
"text": "Seipei discovered he was an informant, and that he killed the child to cover his tracks. However, Mufamadi denied the allegations in the documentary, stating that Helsinga's statements were false. The documentary had been described by in a review by Vanity Fair as \"unabashedly one-sided\" and \"overwhelmingly defensive\". Commentator Max du Preez, called the decision by television station eNCA to broadcast the documentary in the week prior to Madikizela-Mandela's funeral without context a \"serious mistake\", and he described it as making \"outrageous claims\", while former TRC commissioner Dumisa Ntsebeza questioned the motives of the documentary maker. Stompie Seipei James Seipei",
"psg_id": "11391146"
},
{
"title": "Stompie Seipei",
"text": "a heavy blow. Appearing before the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in 1997, she said allegations that she was involved in at least 18 human rights abuses including eight murders were \"ridiculous\" and said that her main accuser, former comrade Katiza Cebekhulu, was a former \"mental patient\" and his allegations against her were \"hallucinations\". Cebekhulu had, himself, before the 1991 trial, been tortured, and kidnapped to Zambia, where he was detained for almost three years, at the behest of the ANC, before moving to the UK. The Commission found that the abduction of Stompie Moeketsi had been carried out on",
"psg_id": "11391143"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "reported, there is some disagreement as to exactly how often they actually occur. Some researchers (especially Budd Hopkins and David M. Jacobs) have been accused of excluding, minimising or suppressing testimony or data which do not fit a certain paradigm for the phenomenon. Bullard argues most abduction accounts feature the following events. They generally follow the sequence noted below, though not all abductions feature all the events: Abduction researcher Joe Nyman has composed a similar but alternative model for abduction narratives. When describing the \"abduction scenario\", David M. Jacobs says: The entire abduction event is precisely orchestrated. All the procedures",
"psg_id": "12380698"
},
{
"title": "Stompie de Wet",
"text": "squad for the 2014 Currie Cup qualification tournament. Stompie de Wet Philip Albert \"Stompie\" de Wet (born 14 February 1989 in Kuruman, South Africa) is a former South African rugby union player, that played first class rugby with the from 2011 to 2014. His regular position was flanker. While playing school rugby for Grey College in Bloemfontein, De Wet was selected for the Under-16 side that played at the 2005 Grant Khomo Week. His next provincial representation only came after he moved to Potchefstroom to join the . He was part of the sides that played in the 2009 and",
"psg_id": "18125448"
},
{
"title": "Stompie de Wet",
"text": "Stompie de Wet Philip Albert \"Stompie\" de Wet (born 14 February 1989 in Kuruman, South Africa) is a former South African rugby union player, that played first class rugby with the from 2011 to 2014. His regular position was flanker. While playing school rugby for Grey College in Bloemfontein, De Wet was selected for the Under-16 side that played at the 2005 Grant Khomo Week. His next provincial representation only came after he moved to Potchefstroom to join the . He was part of the sides that played in the 2009 and 2010 Under-21 Provincial Championships. He also became a",
"psg_id": "18125444"
},
{
"title": "Abduction of the Wizard",
"text": "Abduction of the Wizard Abduction of the Wizard () is a 1989 Soviet science fiction film directed by Viktor Kobzev and based on the novel of the same name by Kir Bulychev. The action takes place in Belarus in the 1980s. The young graduate student Anna comes to her native village to her grandmother's house which she has not visited in 12 years. In the peaceful village she is preparing to write her thesis. Suddenly, two strangers appear in the house and claim that the landlady of this house rented it yesterday to them for two weeks. Events develop and",
"psg_id": "20648202"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Figaro",
"text": "The Abduction of Figaro The Abduction of Figaro is a comic opera, described as \"A Simply Grand Opera by P. D. Q. Bach,\" which is actually the work of composer Peter Schickele. It is a parody of opera in general, and the title is a play on two operas by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: \"The Abduction from the Seraglio\" and \"The Marriage of Figaro\". Those two operas, \"Così fan tutte\", and \"Don Giovanni\", as well as Gilbert and Sullivan's \"The Pirates of Penzance\" are among the core inspirations for the piece. Schickele was commissioned to \"discover\" this opera by the Minnesota",
"psg_id": "508276"
},
{
"title": "History of alien abduction claims",
"text": "by Betty and Barney Hill abduction case of 1961 (again not widely known until several years afterwards), culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) dramatizing the events. The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case, and was perhaps the first where: Neither the contactees nor these early abduction accounts, however, saw much attention from ufology, then still largely reluctant to consider close encounters of the third kind, where occupants of UFOs are allegedly interacted with. Undoubtedly, the Barney and Betty Hill case is one of, if not the most famous case",
"psg_id": "12393724"
},
{
"title": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "aliens. In studies conducted from 1990–1995 at University of New Mexico, psychiatrist Rick Strassman found that approximately 20 percent of volunteers injected with high doses of DMT had experiences similar to purported alien abductions. Many parallels have been drawn between the abduction phenomenon and other unusual events. For example, Robert Sheaffer wrote about similarities between claims of witchcraft and claims of alien abductions. He said similar imagery involving non-human creatures, uncovered memories, and sex are involved in both the abduction phenomenon and the activities of those accused of witchcraft, and says these commonalities suggest the two phenomena share a common,",
"psg_id": "12385400"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "The quantity and not just quality of reports appears to be affected by culture as abduction reports are made less frequently in non-English speaking countries. Furthermore, the contents and structure of the \"abduction narrative\" as outlined by researchers like Nyman and Bullard was already established in fictional form by 1930 in a Buck Rogers strip. The strip depicts an alien craft piloted by martian \"Tiger Men\" which capture a female character and subject her to similar treatment as those in real-world abduction claims. The story is structurally more similar to the archetypal narrative outline devised by Bullard than the vast",
"psg_id": "12380739"
},
{
"title": "Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee",
"text": "Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee The abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee occurred in North Korea between 1978 and 1986. Shin Sang-ok was a famous South Korean film director married to actress Choi Eun-hee. Together, they established Shin Film and made many films through the 1960s which garnered recognition for South Korea at various film festivals. In 1978 Choi was abducted and taken to North Korea to meet North Korea's soon-to-be dictator Kim Jong-il. The abduction of Shin followed six months later. After three years in prison, Shin was united with Choi, and the two were instructed",
"psg_id": "19199189"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "used in human medicine, they are often quite different, for example, alleged alien syringes are often reported as being \"three pronged.\" After the so-called medical exam, the alleged abductees often report other procedures being performed with the entities. Common among these post-examination procedures are what abduction researchers refer to as imaging, envisioning, staging, and testing. Abductees of all ages (even small children) and genders sometimes report being subjected to a \"child presentation.\" As its name implies, the child presentation involves the abduction claimant being shown a \"child.\" Often the children appear to be neither human, nor the same species as",
"psg_id": "12380716"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon The narrative of the abduction phenomenon is an alleged core of similarity in contents and chronology underlying various claims of forced temporary abduction of humans by apparently otherworldly beings. Proponents of the abduction phenomenon contend that this similarity is evidence of the veracity of the phenomenon as an objective reality, although this belief is disregarded by most scientists, who regard alien abduction as a purely psychological and cultural phenomenon. Skeptics of the abduction phenomenon contend that similarities between reports arise from commonalities rooted in human psychology and neurology or cast doubt on the presence of",
"psg_id": "12380695"
},
{
"title": "Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati",
"text": "out and killing them from exhaustion. This secret was divulged to one of the Garudas by the ascetic Karambiya, who taught him how to seize a nāga by the tail and force him to vomit up his stone (Pandara Jātaka, J.518). Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati is a famous Buddhist tale about the former lives of the Buddha, called a Jataka. In this story, the Buddha was born in a previous life as the king of Benares, and therefore was still a Bodhisattva, and ruled with his beloved queen, Kakati. The royal solar bird Garuda",
"psg_id": "20341099"
},
{
"title": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "focuses on the effects of mass marketing is art historian John F. Moffitt's 2003 book \"Picturing Extraterrestrials: Alien Images in Modern Mass Culture\" According to Brian Dunning, proposed psychological alternative explanations of the abduction phenomenon have included hallucination, temporary schizophrenia, epileptic seizures, and parasomnia—near-sleep mental states (hypnagogic states, night terrors and sleep paralysis). Sleep paralysis is often accompanied by hallucinations and sensations of a malevolent or neutral presence, though people experiencing it do not usually interpret that \"something\" as aliens. Many skeptics believe alien abductees lie about their abduction experiences. The main motivators for such hoaxes are believed to be",
"psg_id": "12385382"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)",
"text": "subject he completed, but Rembrandt's others display many of the same influences as this. \"The Abduction of Europa,\" The J. Paul Getty Museum, 2013, \"Europa,\" The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 2014, The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings. The piece is oil on canvas and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum. The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\", part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa. The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away",
"psg_id": "17449488"
},
{
"title": "Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati",
"text": "Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati Garuda's abduction of Queen Kakati is a famous Buddhist tale about the former lives of the Buddha, called a Jataka. In this story, the Buddha was born in a previous life as the king of Benares, and therefore was still a Bodhisattva, and ruled with his beloved queen, Kakati. The royal solar bird Garuda came to the court disguised as a man and gambled with the king. He then became enamored of the queen and abducted her. He carried her off to his nest by the Simbali-Lake and there lived with her. When Garuda heard",
"psg_id": "20341097"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "sexual experiences. These elements, and many aspects of what witnesses describe, are very common in old stories of encounters with faeries, demons, and other magical creatures. Narrative of the abduction phenomenon The narrative of the abduction phenomenon is an alleged core of similarity in contents and chronology underlying various claims of forced temporary abduction of humans by apparently otherworldly beings. Proponents of the abduction phenomenon contend that this similarity is evidence of the veracity of the phenomenon as an objective reality, although this belief is disregarded by most scientists, who regard alien abduction as a purely psychological and cultural phenomenon.",
"psg_id": "12380742"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)",
"text": "inclusion of a crane, a tool which did not exist in the first century when Ovid was alive. This detail strengthens the parallel between Tyre and the Dutch ports, as Rembrandt attempts to connect the story to Specx's livelihood. The relationship also alludes to Europa's impending new destination, where she will give Europe her name. Most scholars agree that this narrative was chosen specifically by Rembrandt to reinterpret and mirror Specx's career. Artistically, \"The Abduction of Europa\" reflects the attitudes and interests of Rembrandt and other Dutch painters during the early to mid seventeenth century. The work embodies the international",
"psg_id": "17449483"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Figaro",
"text": "Cavatina and dialogue: \"You can beat me\" 31. Act II Finale Act Three: A tropical forest 32. Ballet 33. Trio and dialogue: \"A magic forest\" 34. Duet and dialogue: \"I am a swineherd\" 35. Finale (Part I) and dialogue 36. Aria and dialogue: \"Why, oh why\" 37. Finale (Part II) 38. Curtain calls and closing credits 39. Closing remarks by Prof. Schickele </poem> DVD Bonus Selections The Abduction of Figaro The Abduction of Figaro is a comic opera, described as \"A Simply Grand Opera by P. D. Q. Bach,\" which is actually the work of composer Peter Schickele. It is",
"psg_id": "508280"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "these apparently bizarre, pointless behaviors were not mistakes at all. Dr. Don C. Donderi writes that \"In many of these abduction accounts, there is independent confirmation of missing time--emotionally stable people arriving hours late after long or short automobile journeys. There is independent confirmation of abduction events reported under hypnosis, sometimes by non hypnotized observers and sometimes by other hypnotized witnesses\" (Donderi, 66) Physician and abduction researcher John G. Miller sees significance in the reason a person would come to see themselves as being a victim of the abduction phenomenon. He terms the insight or development leading to this shift",
"psg_id": "12380735"
},
{
"title": "Child abduction",
"text": "Child abduction Child abduction or child theft is the unauthorized removal of a minor (a child under the age of legal adulthood) from the custody of the child's natural parents or legally appointed guardians. The term child abduction conflates two legal and social categories which differ by their perpetrating contexts: abduction by members of the child's family or abduction by strangers: Neonatal \"infant abduction\" and prenatal fetal abduction are the earliest ages of child abduction as defined by a viable child through the age of majority. In addition, \"embryo theft\" and even \"oocyte misappropriation\" in reproductive medical settings have been",
"psg_id": "13211261"
},
{
"title": "International child abduction",
"text": "history of cross-border child abduction must search for terms like \"custodial interference,\" \"contempt of child custody orders,\" \"legal kidnapping\" or, in cases where children were viewed more as property than as individual subjects of rights, name variations on theft, child-maintenance debt and smuggling, among others. Lawmakers struggled to typify and discuss international child abduction and discussions at the Hague Conference on Private International Law noted that, what some were referring to with variations on \"legal kidnapping,\" was an oxymoron since that which is legal cannot be kidnapping and that which is kidnapping cannot be legal. The response to these concerns",
"psg_id": "14487198"
},
{
"title": "History of alien abduction claims",
"text": "blood. Icke has drawn parallels with the 1980s science-fiction series \"V\", in which the earth is taken over by reptiloid aliens disguised as humans. History of alien abduction claims History of alien abduction claims describes assertions or claims that people have experienced alien abduction. Such claims came to international prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, but some researchers argue abduction narratives can be traced to decades earlier. Such abduction stories have been studied by investigators who believe the accounts describe actual, literal interaction with non-human or extraterrestrial entities. Others have investigated alien abduction claims from a more skeptical perspective, arguing",
"psg_id": "12393737"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)",
"text": "The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt) Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn's The Abduction of Europa (1632) is one of his rare mythological subject paintings. The piece is oil on canvas and now located in the J. Paul Getty Museum. The inspiration for the painting is Ovid's \"Metamorphoses\", part of which tells the tale of Zeus's seduction and capture of Europa. The painting shows a coastal scene with Europa being carried away in rough waters by a bull while her friends remain on shore with expressions of horror. Rembrandt combined his knowledge of classical literature with the interests of the patron in order",
"psg_id": "17449476"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "body. Sometimes the hybrid will engage in a \"mindscan\" of the abductee. Female abductees have reported being ordered to breastfeed hybrid infants. The alleged experiencers' reaction to this command varies, sometimes they comply, but some women are horrified by the thought. Folklorist Dr. Thomas E. Bullard conducted a study of 300 reports of alien abduction in an attempt to observe the less prominent aspects of the claims. He notes the emergence of four general categories of events which recur regularly, although not as frequently as stereotypical happenings like the medical examination. These four types of events are: Chronologically within abduction",
"psg_id": "12380720"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)",
"text": "its location, and familiarized himself with van Mander's theories and interpretations of Ovid's myths. Van Mander commented on Europa's abduction, with a European spin to it. Ovid's account of the abduction of Europa is found in Book II 833-75 of \"Metamorphoses\". Europa is a princess of Tyre, who is playing with her court on the coast when a beautiful bull appears. Europa mounts the bull, which quickly whisks her away into the ocean. When Europa and her friends notice the bull retreating further into the sea without coming back, the bull transforms into Zeus and carries her to Mount Olympus",
"psg_id": "17449479"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "and abduction researcher, notes that \"startling similarities\" between abductees reporting procedures performed on the head arise when comparing reports of hypnotically retrieved abduction memories. She states that the most commonly reported sensations and procedures performed to the head are feelings of pressure in or on the head and the insertion of needles into the scalp. During cranial procedures the abductee's head is often restrained by a strap or metal bar drawn across the forehead. The abductors sometimes will touch the forehead of the experiencer, which strangely, seems to ease their anxiety and whatever physical pain they may be experiencing. Reports",
"psg_id": "12380708"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "narratives while apparently having no knowledge of each other's claims. Some abduction investigators attempt to confirm the reality of events reported in abduction claims through observation or experimentation, although such efforts are generally dismissed as pseudoscientific by mainstream academics. Although different cases vary in detail (sometimes significantly), some UFO researchers, such as folklorist Thomas E. Bullard argue that there is a broad, fairly consistent sequence and description of events which make up the typical \"close encounter of the fourth kind\" (a popular but unofficial designation building on Dr. J. Allen Hynek's classifying terminology). Though the features outlined below are often",
"psg_id": "12380697"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Ganymede",
"text": "painter Nicolaes Maes even made a whole series of paintings of Ganymedes that are considered deathbed portraits of children. An inventory, made on 17 February 1671, of the estate of Catharina van der Pluym, widow of Willem Schilperoort and aunt of Rembrandt's great-nephew and pupil Karel van der Pluym, mentions \"een stuck van Ganimedes - f7.- \" The Abduction of Ganymede The Abduction of Ganymede is a 1635 painting of Ganymede by the Dutch Golden Age painter Rembrandt in the collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1915, who wrote: \"207. THE",
"psg_id": "19540231"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Ganymede",
"text": "The Abduction of Ganymede The Abduction of Ganymede is a 1635 painting of Ganymede by the Dutch Golden Age painter Rembrandt in the collection of the Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden. This painting was documented by Hofstede de Groot in 1915, who wrote: \"207. THE RAPE OF GANYMEDE. Sm. 197; Bode 79 ; Dut. 106 ; Wb. 70 ; B-HdG. 197. The eagle of Zeus, seen in front with out-stretched wings, rises towards the heavens. He holds with his beak the clothing, and with his talons the left arm, of the fair curly-haired boy, who, turned sharply to the left and almost",
"psg_id": "19540225"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Hippodameia",
"text": "The Abduction of Hippodameia The Abduction of Hippodamia, () is a work by the 19th-century French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, modeled c. 1877 and cast thereafter. The subject is from Greek mythology: During the wedding of Hippodamia and Pirithous, the barbaric centaurs who had been invited became wildly intoxicated, attacking the other guests and even the hosts. The centaur Eurytus attempted to carry off the bride, and a battle between the humans and the centaurs ensued. An earlier similar work, cast in silver, was commissioned by the Jockey Club to be a trophy at the Bois de Boulogne horse races in",
"psg_id": "8877486"
},
{
"title": "Child abduction",
"text": "members. ICMEC reviews the postings to ensure that any child in a posted video is in fact missing, that authorities are aware that the child is missing, and that the images are not inappropriate. See the Child Abduction Act 1984, the Child Abduction and Custody Act 1985 and the Child Abduction (Northern Ireland) Order 1985. Child abduction Child abduction or child theft is the unauthorized removal of a minor (a child under the age of legal adulthood) from the custody of the child's natural parents or legally appointed guardians. The term child abduction conflates two legal and social categories which",
"psg_id": "13211276"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "similarities between reports at all. They note the evolving contents of abduction claims and the apparent effect of culture on the details of the narratives as evidence that the phenomenon is a purely subjective experience. Skeptics also point out the likelihood of large numbers of hoaxes being present in the abduction literature. Currently the skeptical perspective is the most prevalent among scientists and academics. Many scientists believe that pro-abduction researchers are practising pseudoscience, alleging that they lack the skepticism and methodological rigor of true scientists. Believers assert that it is unlikely for hundreds of people to independently generate such similar",
"psg_id": "12380696"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "majority of those in Bullard's own catalogue of cases. However, Bullard does not see evidence for influence on abduction claimants from science fiction sources. In an essay, Bullard writes that \"The small showing for monstrous types and the fact that they concentrate in less reliable cases should disappoint skeptics who look for the origin of abductions in the influence of Hollywood. Nothing like the profusion of imaginative screen aliens appears in the abduction literature.\" There are however cultural differences in perception of these reported incidents. The frightening \"terror abduction\" experience is reported mainly in the USA, while in the rest",
"psg_id": "12380740"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "these specific prophecies has ever come to pass. Tours of the abductors' craft are a rare but recurring feature of the abduction narrative. Thomas Bullard reports that in a study of 300 reported abduction events, only 16 contained some sort of tour. The tour seems to be given by the alleged abductors as a courtesy in response to the harshness and physical rigors of the forced medical examination. Abduction claimants often feel that the \"engine room\" is the most memorable aspect, although control rooms and in very rare cases living or recreation areas have been visited in some reports. The",
"psg_id": "12380726"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "the abductors. Instead, the child will almost always share characteristics of \"both\" species. These children are labeled by experiencers as hybrids between humans and their abductors, usually Greys. It has been speculated that these children are the products of the reproductive procedures performed during the medical phase of the abduction. Unlike Budd Hopkins and David Jacobs, folklorist Thomas Bullard could not identify a child presentation phase in the abduction narrative, even after undertaking a study of 300 abduction reports. Bullard says that the child presentation \"seems to be an innovation in the story.\" And that \"no clear antecedents\" to descriptions",
"psg_id": "12380717"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "female abductees report a \"gynecological\" aspect to the abduction experience, although staples of terrestrial gynecology such as the bimanual pelvic exam are missing from the alleged abduction experiences. Sometimes reports are made where the abductees are made to have sex with apparent human–alien hybrids or other abductees. David M. Jacobs says that sex with full-blooded aliens \"is not a feature of the abduction scenario.\" Males report that sperm is either taken and/or they have sex with the aliens. (From Nick Pope's book \"The Uninvited (book)\") One procedure reported occurring during the alleged exam phase of the experience is the insertion",
"psg_id": "12380712"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "report unusual feelings preceding the onset of an abduction experience. These feelings manifest as a compulsive desire to be at a certain place at a certain time or as expectations that something \"familiar yet unknown,\" will soon occur. Abductees also report feeling severe, undirected anxiety at this point even though nothing unusual has actually occurred yet. This period of foreboding can last for up to several days before the abduction actually takes place or be completely absent. Eventually, the experiencer will undergo an apparent \"shift\" into an altered state of consciousness. British abduction researchers have called this change in consciousness",
"psg_id": "12380700"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "reports these rarer episodes tend to happen in the order listed, between the medical examination and the return. After allegedly displaying cold callous disregard towards the abduction experiencers, sometimes the entities will change drastically in behavior once the initial medical exam is completed. They become more relaxed and hospitable towards their captive and lead him or her away from the site of the examination. The entities then hold a conference with the experiencer, wherein they discuss things relevant to the abduction phenomenon. In Dr. Bullard's study, 79 out of 300 studied abduction claims included a conference narrative. Not all conferences",
"psg_id": "12380721"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "entities.\" Although the realization event is sometimes triggered by an attempt to hypnotically retrieve memories, it is frequently remembered consciously without any such assistance. Consequently, Miller sees it as a good \"starting point\" for a researcher investigating an individual subject. Skeptics Robert Sheaffer and Phillip J. Klass agree that individual abduction researchers appear to exert influence on the characteristics of narratives retrieved during hypnotic recall. This influence tends to shape recovered abduction narratives in a way that reinforces the preconceived biases of the individual researcher. Klass jokingly recommends those considering hypnotic regression to uncover abduction memories to visit R. Leo",
"psg_id": "12380737"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "of a long needle-like contraption into a woman's navel. Although most well known to have occurred in the Betty and Barney Hill abduction as a \"pregnancy test\", this feature has even been reported by little girls. Skin scrapings are a staple of abduction reports from as far back as the Hill encounter. According to Richard Hall, most skin scrapings are reportedly taken from the arms and collar bone region. Physician and abduction researcher John Altshuler notes that the main reasons a human doctor would collect skin scrapings would be to check for bacterial or fungal infections. Altshuler dismisses speculation from",
"psg_id": "12380713"
},
{
"title": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "and abductions, which, he concludes, are manifestations of the demonic. Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon are explanations that are intended to explain claims of abduction and examination by apparently otherworldly beings. The main differences between these perspectives lie in the credence ascribed to the claims. Perspectives range from the assertion that all abductions are hoaxes to the belief that the claims are of objective happenings and separate from the consciousness of the claimants. Some researchers are intrigued by abduction phenomena, but hesitate to make definitive conclusions. Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack, a leading authority on",
"psg_id": "12385403"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Hippodameia",
"text": "opinion is that, while the subject matter and the lines of Hippodamia exemplify Carrier-Belleuse's style, the expression and musculature of the centaur suggest Rodin. The Abduction of Hippodameia The Abduction of Hippodamia, () is a work by the 19th-century French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse, modeled c. 1877 and cast thereafter. The subject is from Greek mythology: During the wedding of Hippodamia and Pirithous, the barbaric centaurs who had been invited became wildly intoxicated, attacking the other guests and even the hosts. The centaur Eurytus attempted to carry off the bride, and a battle between the humans and the centaurs ensued. An",
"psg_id": "8877488"
},
{
"title": "Abduction of the Wizard",
"text": "Jules goes after the genius, but in the past he is discovered. The only one who can come to his rescue is Anna. She proposes to send herself to the past and by making use of using her similar to princess Magdalena looks helps her escape from the future. The true genius is not Roman, but his ugly and at first inconspicuous assistant Akiplesha. He is saved immediately before the final destruction of the city. Anna is safely transferred back in time. Abduction of the Wizard Abduction of the Wizard () is a 1989 Soviet science fiction film directed by",
"psg_id": "20648205"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "attention until several years later. Widespread publicity was generated by the Betty and Barney Hill abduction case of 1961, culminating in a made-for-television film broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) dramatizing the events. The Hill incident was probably the prototypical abduction case and was perhaps the first in which the claimant described beings that later became widely known as the Greys and in which the beings were said to explicitly identify an extraterrestrial origin. Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abductions, skeptic Peter Rogerson notes they were only the first abduction cases,",
"psg_id": "2881538"
},
{
"title": "Wrongfully Accused",
"text": "Wrongfully Accused Wrongfully Accused is a 1998 German-American satirical comedy film written, produced and directed by Pat Proft, and starring Leslie Nielsen as a man who has been framed for murder and desperately attempts to expose the true culprits. The film is a parody of the 1993 film \"The Fugitive\". World-famous violinist Ryan Harrison (Leslie Nielsen, who had guest starred in two early episodes of \"The Fugitive\" television series in the 1960s) is seen giving a concert. Afterwards, he goes to a party where he meets Hibbing Goodhue (Michael York), a millionaire who sponsors Harrison's performances, as well as Goodhue's",
"psg_id": "5092591"
},
{
"title": "Wrongfully Accused",
"text": "by Lauren, Sean and accomplices, but Fergus Falls and a SWAT team arrive just in the nick of time, arresting the terrorists. Falls officially tells Harrison that he was \"wrongfully accused\", clearing his name and acquitting him. In the last scene, Harrison and Cass are riding on the bow of a cruise ship (spoofing \"Titanic\") and end up bumping their heads on a low bridge. \"Wrongfully Accused\" was released in Germany on July 23, 1998. The film opened on August 21, 1998 in 2,062 cinemas. On its opening weekend, it grossed USD $3,504,630 or approximately $1,700 per theatre. \"Wrongfully Accused\"s",
"psg_id": "5092596"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "navel. Some have speculated that this could be a form of laparoscopy. If this is true, after the abduction there should be free gas in the female's abdomen, which could be seen on an x-ray. The presence of free gas would be extremely abnormal, and would help substantiate the claim of some sort of procedure being done to her. Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe \"subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures\". People claiming to have been abducted are usually called",
"psg_id": "2881576"
},
{
"title": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela",
"text": "Katiza Cebekhulu's abduction to Zambia, where he was detained without trial for almost 3 years by the Kenneth Kaunda government, before moving to the UK was done by the ANC, and in the \"interests\" of Madikizela-Mandela. The TRC found allegations against Methodist minister Paul Verryn to be \"unfounded and without any merit\" and that \"Madikizela-Mandela deliberately and maliciously slandered Verryn...in an attempt to divert attention away from herself and [her] associates...\". The TRC also found that she was responsible for the abduction of, and assaults on, Stompie Sepei, and that she had attempted to cover up his death by claiming",
"psg_id": "460324"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "of general awareness concerning the data: \"The most intense demand for alternative explanations tends to come from those who are either unfamiliar with the rich complexity of the abduction phenomenon, or from those who are so wedded to a worldview\" that they find the phenomenon \"prima facie\" unacceptable. While \"alien abduction\" did not achieve widespread attention until the 1960s, there were many similar stories circulating decades earlier. These early abduction-like accounts have been dubbed \"paleo-abductions\" by UFO researcher Jerome Clark. An early alien abduction claim occurred in the mid-1950s with the Antonio Vilas Boas case, which did not receive much",
"psg_id": "2881537"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "and Keith Basterfield both noted at the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference that of the five cases they knew of where an abduction researcher was present at the onset of an abduction experience, the experiencer \"didn't physically go anywhere.\" Brazilian researcher Gilda Moura reported on a similar case, the Sueli case, from her home country. When psychologist and UFO researcher Don Donderi said that these cases were \"evidence of psychological processes\" that did not \"have anything to do with a physical alien abduction,\" Moura replied \"If the Sueli case is not an abduction, I don't know what is an abduction",
"psg_id": "2881574"
},
{
"title": "Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee",
"text": "September, 2017. In January 2016, at the 2016 Sundance Film Festival, in the World Cinema Documentary Competition, a documentary about the North Korean ordeal, entitled \"The Lovers and the Despot\" and directed by Robert Cannan and Ross Adam, was presented. The French TV mini-series, \"Kim Kong\", produced by Arte, written by Simon Jablonka and Alexis Le Sec, directed by Stephen Cafiero and starring Jonathan Lambert, is based upon these events. Abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee The abduction of Shin Sang-ok and Choi Eun-hee occurred in North Korea between 1978 and 1986. Shin Sang-ok was a famous South Korean",
"psg_id": "19199201"
},
{
"title": "History of alien abduction claims",
"text": "History of alien abduction claims History of alien abduction claims describes assertions or claims that people have experienced alien abduction. Such claims came to international prominence in the 1950s and 1960s, but some researchers argue abduction narratives can be traced to decades earlier. Such abduction stories have been studied by investigators who believe the accounts describe actual, literal interaction with non-human or extraterrestrial entities. Others have investigated alien abduction claims from a more skeptical perspective, arguing they can be best understood as expressions of folklore or various psychological phenomena. The Antonio Vilas Boas case from Brazil (1957) and the Hill",
"psg_id": "12393720"
},
{
"title": "Winnie Madikizela-Mandela",
"text": "killed Sepei, had been tortured and kidnapped to Zambia by her supporters, prior to the trial, to prevent him testifying against her. Her six-year jail sentence was reduced to a fine on appeal. In 1992, she was accused of ordering the murder of Dr. Abu Baker Asvat, a family friend, and prominent Soweto doctor, who had examined Seipei at Mandela's house, after Seipei had been abducted, but before he had been killed. Mandela's role in the Asvat killing was later probed as part of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission hearings, in 1997. Asvat's murderer testified that she paid the equivalent",
"psg_id": "460319"
},
{
"title": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon are explanations that are intended to explain claims of abduction and examination by apparently otherworldly beings. The main differences between these perspectives lie in the credence ascribed to the claims. Perspectives range from the assertion that all abductions are hoaxes to the belief that the claims are of objective happenings and separate from the consciousness of the claimants. Some researchers are intrigued by abduction phenomena, but hesitate to make definitive conclusions. Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack, a leading authority on the spiritual or transformational effects of alleged alien abduction experiences,",
"psg_id": "12385377"
},
{
"title": "Parental child abduction",
"text": "the child's home country. The Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction is an international human rights treaty and legal mechanism to recover children abducted to another country. The Hague Convention does not provide relief in many cases, resulting in some parents hiring private parties to recover their children. By 2007, the United States, European authorities, and NGOs had begun serious interest in the use of mediation as a means by which some international child abduction cases may be resolved. The primary focus was on Hague cases. Parental child abduction Parental child abduction is the hiding, taking,",
"psg_id": "15604019"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction entities",
"text": "From Mars\", and those reported to have actually abducted people. Commonalities exist in the appearances, behavior, technology and societies of fictional and allegedly real abductors. Furthermore, the contents and structure of the \"abduction narrative\" as outlined by researchers like Nyman and Bullard was already established in fictional form by 1930 in a Buck Rogers strip. However, Bullard does not see evidence for influence on abduction claimants from science fiction sources. Alien abduction entities Alien abduction entities are the beings alleged to secretly abduct and subject experiencers to a forced medical examination which often emphasizes their reproductive system. Mainstream scientists and",
"psg_id": "12394068"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "alien abductors.\" Matheson writes that when compared to the earlier contactee reports, abduction accounts are distinguished by their \"relative sophistication and subtlety, which enabled them to enjoy an immediately more favorable reception from the public.\" Some writers have said abduction experiences bear similarities to pre-20th century accounts of demonic manifestations, noting as many as a dozen similarities. One notable example is the Orthodox monk Fr. Seraphim Rose, who devotes a whole chapter in his book \"Orthodoxy and the Religion of the Future\" to the phenomena of UFOs and abductions, which, he concludes, are manifestations of the demonic. Abduction researcher Brian",
"psg_id": "2881572"
},
{
"title": "History of alien abduction claims",
"text": "would have us believe.\" (The phrase \"entirely unpredisposed\" appeared in folklorist Thomas E. Bullard's study of alien abduction; he argued that alien abductions as reported in the 1970s and 1980s had little precedent in folklore or fiction.) While \"alien abduction\" did not achieve widespread attention until the 1960s, there were many similar stories circulating decades earlier. These early abduction-like accounts have been dubbed \"paleo-abductions\" by UFO researcher Jerome Clark. This same two-part article ( and ) makes note of many paleo-abductions, some of which were reported well before the 1957 Antonio Vilas Boas case earned much attention, or even before",
"psg_id": "12393722"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction of Europa (Rembrandt)",
"text": "to create this allegorical work. The use of an ancient myth to impart a contemporary thought and his portrayal of the scene using the High Baroque style are two strong aspects of the work. The \"Abduction of Europa\" is Rembrandt's reinterpretation of the story, placed in a more contemporary setting. He developed an interest in the classical world early in his life while in Amsterdam. Rembrandt moved to Amsterdam in 2018 Jacques Specx, of the Dutch East India Company, commissioned Rembrandt to complete \"The Abduction of Europa\". Specx had established a trading center in Japan in 1609, served as the",
"psg_id": "17449477"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "are reported to occur in the same manner. Bullard notes five general categories of discussion that occur during the conference \"phase\" of reported abduction narratives: During an interrogation session one party involved in the abduction will question the other. This can mean that the witness is permitted to ask questions of his captors or that the entities will ask questions of the experiencer. The entities usually ask about aspects of human life that appear to puzzle them. Dr. Bullard notes, \"Time, life-spans, emotions and the individuality of humans seem to be recurrent topics.\" The aliens also sometimes question the abductees",
"psg_id": "12380722"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "in identity from non-abductee to abductee the \"realization event.\" The realization event is often a single, memorable experience, but Miller reports that not all abductees experience it as a distinct episode. Either way, the realization event can be thought of as the \"clinical horizon\" of the abduction experience. Dr. Miller has compiled an incomplete list of common triggers for the realization event in a paper presented at the 1992 alien abduction conference held at MIT: Sometimes the advent of the realization that one is an abductee can cause a \"flood\" of previously hidden memories of one's perceived encounters with \"the",
"psg_id": "12380736"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "or irrespective to the will of the experiencer. Such procedures often focus on sex and reproductive biology. However, the literature holds reports of a wide variety of procedures allegedly performed by the beings. The entity that appears to be in charge of the operation is often taller than the others involved. Physician and abduction researcher Dr. John G. Miller explains that among abduction reports what stands out is the contrast between procedures performed by the alleged entities and those performed by doctors practicing typical earthly medicine. He says \"we're not hearing about 'our kind of medicine'\" Miller believes these differences",
"psg_id": "12380705"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "A. Clancy, a skeptic at Harvard Medical School who studied abductees' psychology, noted that \"all of the subjects, without exception, said they felt 'changed' because of their experiences. ...Abductees have said, it 'enlarged my world view,' 'gave me wisdom to share,' 'caused me to care about the spiritual path of mankind,' 'expanded my reality'.\" \"Being abducted by aliens,\" she concludes, \"is a transformative event. ...It's clear that people get from their abduction beliefs the same things that millions of people the world over derive from their religions: meaning, reassurance, mystical revelation, spirituality, transformation.\" Some abduction-induced theophanies have included visions or",
"psg_id": "12380730"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "proceeds, claimants say they will walk or be levitated into an alien craft, often through solid objects like walls or a window. Alternatively, they may experience rising through a tunnel with or without the abductors accompanying them into the awaiting craft. Most abductees report being taken from their bedroom prior to falling asleep. Typically, at the onset of the abduction experience, the abductee will report paralysis, sighting a bright light, and the appearance of humanoid figures. In many abduction reports, the individual(s) concerned are traveling by automobile at the time of the incident, usually at night or in the early",
"psg_id": "12380702"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "Sprinkle, whose regression sessions more frequently \"uncover\" reports of benevolent aliens. Sheaffer also cites research done into hypnosis as a method for enhancing memory that concludes that false memories, subjectively real to the patient, can be created merely through suggestions while they are in a hypnotic trance. Although proponents have argued that there is a core narrative consistent across abduction claims, there is little doubt that variation occurs in the details of reports across cultures and geographic boundaries. Skeptics like Robert Sheaffer assert that this variation supports a psycho-social hypothesis as an explanation for the origin of the abduction phenomenon.",
"psg_id": "12380738"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction claimants",
"text": "presenting a paper on the subject to the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference several investigators in attendance accused him of leading his subjects in his hypnotic regression sessions, possibly encouraging them to confabulate. However, some of Nyman's subjects disagreed with the accusations and defended him. In a study investigating the motivations of the alleged abductors, Jenny Randles found that in each of the four cases out of fifty total where the experiencer was over forty years of age or more, they were rejected by the aliens for \"what they (the experiencers) usually inferred to be a medical reason.\" Randles concludes",
"psg_id": "12390267"
},
{
"title": "History of alien abduction claims",
"text": "phenomenon in the late 1980s, interviewing dozens of people, and eventually writing two books on the subject. Mack was somewhat more guarded in his investigations and interpretations of the abduction phenomenon than the earlier researchers. Matheson writes that \"On balance, Mack does present as fair-minded an account as has been encountered to date, at least as these abduction narratives go.\" (Matheson, 251) Furthermore, Mack notes when alternative interpretations are viable; throughout \"Abduction\", his first book on the subject, he allows and even considers likely that alien abductions are a new type of visionary experience. Matheson notes that unlike earlier abduction",
"psg_id": "12393731"
},
{
"title": "History of alien abduction claims",
"text": "abduction from the United States (1961) were the first cases of UFO abduction to earn widespread attention. Though these two cases are sometimes viewed as the earliest abduction narratives, skeptic Peter Rogerson argues that this assertion is incorrect: the Hill and Boas abductions, he contends, were only the first \"canonical\" abduction cases, establishing a template that later abductees and researchers would refine, but rarely deviate from. Additionally, Rogerson notes purported abductions were cited contemporaneously at least as early as 1954, and that \"the growth of the abduction stories is a far more tangled affair than the 'entirely unpredisposed' official history",
"psg_id": "12393721"
},
{
"title": "Fetal abduction",
"text": "fetal abduction. Of the current list of 25 reported cases (not including attempts), 4 of the mothers and 13 of their fetuses survived. (This list distinguishes an attempted fetal abduction as without either murder of the mother or extraction of the fetus. An attempt can include severe injury to the mother and fetus.) Fetal Attraction: a Descriptive Study of Patterns in Fetal Abductions Report: Fetal abduction cases on the rise Fetal abduction Fetal abduction refers to the rare crime of child abduction by murder of an at term pregnant mother and extraction of her fetus through a crude cesarean section.",
"psg_id": "14436019"
},
{
"title": "Narrative of the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "are predetermined. There is no standing around and deciding what to do next. The beings are task-oriented and there is no indication whatsoever that we have been able to find of any aspect of their lives outside of performing the abduction procedures. Alleged alien abductions are often closely connected to UFO reports, and are sometimes supposedly conducted by so-called Greys: Short, grey-skinned humanoids with large, pear-shaped heads and enormous dark eyes, although many different types of abducting entities have been reported, and the reported abductors seem to vary by the culture and place of origin of the experience. Abduction claimants",
"psg_id": "12380699"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction Club",
"text": "embittered Attorney General Lord Fermoy, implicates Byrne and Strang in the murder of a Redcoat soldier. The Abduction Club The Abduction Club is a British romantic comedy-drama adventure film released in 2002; it was directed by Stefan Schwartz. Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them. It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten (the British director and writer, not the American comedian) In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to",
"psg_id": "13190286"
},
{
"title": "The Abduction Club",
"text": "The Abduction Club The Abduction Club is a British romantic comedy-drama adventure film released in 2002; it was directed by Stefan Schwartz. Based loosely on real events, the plot centres on a group of outlaws who abduct women in order to marry them. It was written by Richard Crawford and Bill Britten (the British director and writer, not the American comedian) In 18th century Ireland, there are two financially insecure young bachelors, Garrett Byrne and James Strang, whose exploits evolve from the need to secure wealth. Both are younger sons that will not inherit titles and estates so they become",
"psg_id": "13190284"
},
{
"title": "Abduction!",
"text": "this book was featured on a KMSP newscast discussing a parent who was disturbed by the book when her 4th grader brought it home and read it aloud. This book contains graphic language including a descriptive account of a man aiming a gun at a young girl's heart. In 2007, \"Abduction!\" was awarded the \"Mark Twain Award\" by the Missouri Association of School Librarians. Abduction! Abduction! by Peg Kehret, is a novel about a 13-year-old girl named Bonnie who searches for her brother Matt and their dog Pookie who were both abducted. Her abductor, a mystery at first, ends up",
"psg_id": "7484885"
},
{
"title": "Emilcin Abduction",
"text": "memories in an interview with Henryk Pomorski and Krystyna Adamczyk in July 1978, two months following the incident. The audio tape of the interview was kept in a private archive for a long time before being released to the public. In 2005, a memorial was constructed in Emilcin at to commemorate the alien abduction of Jan Wolski. The text in Polish, read: \"On 10 May 1978 in Emilcin a UFO object landed. The truth will astonish us in the future\". Emilcin Abduction Emilcin Abduction was a supposed alien abduction of farmer, Jan Wolski in May 1978. There was little media",
"psg_id": "12635737"
},
{
"title": "Emilcin Abduction",
"text": "Emilcin Abduction Emilcin Abduction was a supposed alien abduction of farmer, Jan Wolski in May 1978. There was little media attention at the time. A monument was subsequently erected in Emilcin, Poland, at the site where the abduction is said to have taken place. Jan Wolski (; 29 May 1907 – 8 January 1990) was out driving a horse-drawn cart early on 10 May 1978 when he says he was jumped by two \"short, green-faced humanoid entities\" about tall. The two beings jumped onto Wolski's cart and, according to Wolski, sat next to him and started to speak in a",
"psg_id": "12635732"
},
{
"title": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "or ideas they have while under hypnosis originate from personal experience rather than other sources, such as the therapist's suggestions. This can explain Budd Hopkins' observation that patients came to believe they had been abducted even though their hypnotist was skeptical of the abduction phenomenon. Thomas E. Bullard said the presence or absence of hypnosis as a method for memory retrieval in abduction claimants seems to effect descriptions of the abductors. Hypnotically assisted recall is more likely to produce descriptions of the \"standard\" gray humanoid, while cases in which hypnosis was not used \"include more variety\". According to Newman and",
"psg_id": "12385393"
},
{
"title": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "For example, the hypnotist may either knowingly or unknowingly use loaded questions that influence the already ambiguous memories of abductees in such a way the patient creates an alien abduction narrative for them. Skeptics Robert Sheaffer and Phillip J. Klass say individual abduction researchers appear to exert influence on the characteristics of narratives retrieved during hypnotic recall. This influence tends to influence recovered abduction narratives in ways that reinforces the preconceived biases of the individual researcher. The hypnotized subject's existing beliefs may also lead them to create an alien abduction story under hypnosis; hypnotised individuals tend to believe thoughts, images,",
"psg_id": "12385392"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "of the abduction experience. Most people alleging alien abductions report invasive examinations of their bodies and some ascribe psychological trauma to their experiences. \"Post abduction syndrome\" is a term used by abductees to describe the effects of abduction, though it is not recognized by any professional treatment organizations. People who have a false memory which makes them believe that they have been abducted by aliens develop symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. People who believe they have been abducted by aliens usually have previous New Age beliefs, a vivid fantasy life, and suffer from sleep paralysis, according to a 2003",
"psg_id": "2881566"
},
{
"title": "International child abduction",
"text": "and quality of relationships. These misinterpretations of the Abduction Convention's exceptions have rendered the Convention largely ineffective in accomplishing its objectives. The \"best interests\" of a child, which is explicitly never mentioned in the Convention, is an essentially subjective standard that judges often use to facilitate foreign nations' manipulation of the treaty and create a pretext for discretionary decisions. This discretion often takes the form of gender, cultural and national biases. The result is substantive non-compliance with the Abduction Convention. At the time the Hague Abduction Convention was drafted domestic violence was never explicitly considered as an affirmative defense for",
"psg_id": "14487224"
},
{
"title": "UFO Abduction (film)",
"text": "(erroneously) by Axiom Films, to depict a real alien abduction of a Connecticut family named \"the McPhersons\" as they celebrate their relative's 5th birthday. The original master and artwork for UFO Abduction were destroyed in a warehouse fire at the distribution company, precluding the film's wide-release on video. Dean Alioto and Paul Chitlik remade \"UFO Abduction\" in 1998, with a larger budget and professional actors, into \"\". Dean Alioto has since discussed his two films. The Van Heese family and aliens: UFO Abduction (film) UFO Abduction is a 1989 found footage/thriller film. UFO Abduction was written, directed, filmed, and produced",
"psg_id": "11552051"
},
{
"title": "Perspectives on the abduction phenomenon",
"text": "accepted theories in the scientific community. It involves an explanation, using psychological theory and research, of ways psychologically healthy individuals may come to believe they have been abducted and ways they maintain that belief. False memory involves several steps or series of events, not all of which are required to lead to a false memory of abduction. The vast majority of abduction experiences are thought to originate from an episode of sleep paralysis, which is often accompanied by a feeling of a heavy weight pressing down upon one's chest, as well as hypnopompic hallucinations—the feeling of flying or levitating, flashing",
"psg_id": "12385385"
},
{
"title": "Child abduction",
"text": "for cross-border mediation in 2008, sponsored by NCMEC. Held at the University of Miami School of Law, Lawyers, Judges, and certified mediators interested in international child abduction cases, attended. International child abduction is not new. A case of international child abduction has been documented aboard the Titanic. However, the incidence of international child abduction continues to increase due to the ease of international travel, increase in bi-cultural marriages and a high divorce rate. Parental abduction has been defined as child abuse. Launched in 1998 as a joint venture of the International Centre for Missing & Exploited Children (ICMEC) and NCMEC,",
"psg_id": "13211273"
},
{
"title": "International child abduction",
"text": "of international child abduction was well understood, finding a way to address the problem in practice was exceedingly difficult, but the Swiss proposal had a solution that was elegant in its simplicity. Why not simply restore the \"status quo ante\"? In 1980 the Hague Conference drafted a convention to address the problem of international child abduction: the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction – commonly referred to as the Abduction Convention. The Swiss idea of restoring the \"status quo ante\" after a \"wrongful removal\" or \"wrongful retention\" became a mainstay of the Abduction Convention. Under the",
"psg_id": "14487207"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "different from the general population in term of psychopathology prevalence\". Dr. Elizabeth Slater conducted a blind study of nine abduction claimants and found them to be prone to \"mildly paranoid thinking,\" nightmares and having a weak sexual identity, while Dr. Richard McNally of Harvard Medical School concluded in a similar study of 10 abductees that \"none of them was suffering from any sort of psychiatric illness.\" Alleged abductees are seen by many pro-abduction researchers to have a higher incidence of non-abduction related paranormal events and abilities. Following an abduction experience, these paranormal abilities and occurrences sometimes seem to become more",
"psg_id": "2881549"
},
{
"title": "Alien abduction",
"text": "sleep paralysis, psychopathology, psychodynamics [and] environmental factors\". Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films, in particular, \"Invaders From Mars\" (1953), and some of those reported to have actually abducted people. The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961. Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world, but are most common in English speaking countries, especially the United States. The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee. Mainstream scientists reject claims",
"psg_id": "2881533"
}
] | [
"nomzamo winifred zanyiwe madikizela",
"winnie madikizela-mandela",
"winnie mandela",
"nomzano zaniewe",
"winnie nomzamo mandela",
"nomzamo winnie mandela",
"mandela, winnie",
"winnie madikizela mandela",
"winnie madikizela",
"winnifred mandela"
] |
what was the highest rank charles lindbergh attained? | [
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "that his prewar assessments of the Soviet threat were correct. Lindbergh witnessed firsthand the defeat of Germany and the Holocaust, and Berg reported, \"he knew the American public no longer gave a hoot about his opinions.\" In 1954, on the recommendation of President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]], Lindbergh was commissioned a [[Brigadier general (United States)|brigadier general]] in the [[U.S. Air Force Reserve]]. Also in that year, he served on a Congressional advisory panel that recommended the site of the [[United States Air Force Academy]]. In December 1968, he visited the crew of [[Apollo 8]] (the first manned mission to orbit the",
"psg_id": "871703"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Europe]], but he did achieve the first solo [[transatlantic flight]] and the first non-stop flight between North America and the European mainland. Lindbergh was an officer in the [[United States Army Reserve|U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve]], and he received the United States' highest military decoration, the [[Medal of Honor]], for the feat. Lindbergh's achievement spurred interest in both commercial aviation and air mail, and he devoted much time and effort to promoting such activity. But his historic flight and celebrity status also led to tragedy. In March 1932, his infant son, Charles Jr., [[Lindbergh kidnapping|was kidnapped and murdered]] in what",
"psg_id": "871628"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "(St. Louis, Missouri)|Forest Park]] in St. Louis, Missouri. [[File:Congressional Gold Medal presented to Col. Charles A. Lindbergh.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.4|The [[Congressional Gold Medal]] presented , 1930, to Lindbergh by President [[Herbert Hoover]] ]] [[File:Charles Lindberg, Medal of Honor.JPG|thumb|upright=0.75|Lindbergh's Medal of Honor]] Rank and organization: Captain, U.S. Army Air Corps Reserve. Place and date: From New York City to Paris, France, , 1927. Entered service at: Little Falls, Minn. Born: , 1902, Detroit, Mich. G.O. No.: 5, W.D., 1928; Act of Congress , 1927. In addition to \"\"WE\"\" and \"The Spirit of St. Louis\", Lindbergh wrote prolifically over the years on other topics, including",
"psg_id": "871710"
},
{
"title": "The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh is a short film made in 1984 by Orson Welles. The film was intended as a private video letter from Welles to his longtime friend and accountant Bill Cronshaw, who was ill. In the film, Welles sits behind a typewriter at his desk and speaks of the human spirit, quoting the journal of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Welles was in visibly poor health himself when the film was made, and he did not intend for it to be seen by the public. \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\" was the last film",
"psg_id": "16066722"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "to Mexico, Lindbergh met Anne in Mexico City in December 1927. The couple was married on , 1929 in Englewood, New Jersey. They had six children: [[Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr.]] (1930–1932); [[Jon Morrow Lindbergh]] (b. 1932); Land Morrow Lindbergh (b. 1937), who studied anthropology at [[Stanford University]] and married Susan Miller in San Diego; [[Anne Lindbergh]] (1940–1993); Scott Lindbergh (b. 1942); and Reeve Lindbergh (b. 1945), a writer. Lindbergh taught Anne how to fly and she accompanied and assisted him in much of his exploring and charting of air routes. Lindbergh saw his children for only a few months a",
"psg_id": "871668"
},
{
"title": "Charles August Lindbergh",
"text": "Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman from Minnesota's 6th congressional district from 1907 to 1917. He opposed American entry into World War I as well as the 1913 Federal Reserve Act. Lindbergh is best known as the father of famous aviator Charles Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born Carl Månsson, in Stockholm, Sweden, to Lovisa Carlén, the 19-year-old mistress of Ola Månsson, a peasant member of the Riksdag of the Estates and a bank manager. When accused of bribery and embezzlement, Ola Månsson changed his name to",
"psg_id": "5637111"
},
{
"title": "Charles August Lindbergh",
"text": "members of the Federal Reserve Board including Paul Warburg and William Proctor Gould Harding, charging that they were involved \"...in a conspiracy to violate the Constitution and laws of the United States...\" Charles August Lindbergh died in 1924 in Crookston, Minnesota of brain cancer. He has a memorial plaque in the columbarium at Lakewood Cemetery in Minneapolis. According to his wishes, son Charles scattered his ashes over the place near Sauk River where the first Lindbergh home once stood. Charles August Lindbergh Charles August Lindbergh (born Carl Månsson; January 20, 1859 – May 24, 1924) was a United States Congressman",
"psg_id": "5637115"
},
{
"title": "The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "at the end of Vassili Slovic's 1995 documentary \"Orson Welles: the One-Man Band.\" The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh is a short film made in 1984 by Orson Welles. The film was intended as a private video letter from Welles to his longtime friend and accountant Bill Cronshaw, who was ill. In the film, Welles sits behind a typewriter at his desk and speaks of the human spirit, quoting the journal of aviator Charles Lindbergh. Welles was in visibly poor health himself when the film was made, and he did not intend for it to be",
"psg_id": "16066724"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927, he went from obscurity as a [[U.S. Air Mail]] pilot to instantaneous world fame by winning the [[Orteig Prize]]: making a nonstop flight from [[Roosevelt Field (airport)|Roosevelt Field]], [[Long Island]], [[New York (state)|New York]], to [[Paris]], France. Lindbergh covered the -hour, flight alone in a single-engine purpose-built [[Ryan Airline Company|Ryan]] [[monoplane]], the \"[[Spirit of St. Louis]]\". This was not the [[Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown|first flight between North America and",
"psg_id": "871627"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "a 500-guest banquet and dance held at Clarence MacKay's Long Island estate, [[Harbor Hill]]. The following night, Lindbergh was honored with a grand banquet at the Hotel Commodore given by the Mayor's Committee on Receptions of the City of New York and attended by some 3,700 people. He was officially awarded the check for the prize on . On July 18, 1927, Lindbergh was promoted to the rank of colonel in the Air Corps of the Officers Reserve Corps of the U.S. Army. On , 1927, a Special [[Act of Congress]] awarded Lindbergh the [[Medal of Honor]], despite the fact",
"psg_id": "871657"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "for [[Montgomery, Alabama]], some 140 miles to the west, for his first solo cross-country flight. He went on to spend much of the rest of 1923 engaged in almost nonstop barnstorming under the name of \"Daredevil Lindbergh\". Unlike the previous year, this time Lindbergh flew in his \"own ship\" as pilot. A few weeks after leaving Americus, the young airman also achieved another key aviation milestone when he made his first flight at night near [[Lake Village, Arkansas]]. [[File:Charles Lindbergh 1925.JPG|thumb|left|upright=0.75|2nd Lt. Charles A. Lindbergh, USASRC March 1925]] While Lindbergh was barnstorming in [[Lone Rock, Wisconsin]], on two occasions he",
"psg_id": "871638"
},
{
"title": "Charles A. Lindbergh State Park",
"text": "Charles A. Lindbergh State Park Charles A. Lindbergh State Park is a 569-acre (2.3 km²) Minnesota state park on the outskirts of Little Falls. The park was once the farm of Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son Charles Lindbergh, the famous aviator. Their restored 1906 house and two other farm buildings are within the park boundaries. The house, a National Historic Landmark, and an adjacent museum are operated by the Minnesota Historical Society, known as the Charles Lindbergh House and Museum. Three buildings and three structures built by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s were named to the",
"psg_id": "6733593"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Axis: Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh and the Rise of the Third Reich|The American Axis]]\", [[Holocaust]] researcher and investigative journalist [[Max Wallace]] agreed with Franklin Roosevelt's assessment that Lindbergh was \"pro-Nazi\". However, he found that the Roosevelt Administration's accusations of dual loyalty or treason were unsubstantiated. Wallace considered Lindbergh to be a well-intentioned but bigoted and misguided Nazi sympathizer whose career as the leader of the isolationist movement had a destructive impact on Jewish people. Lindbergh's [[Pulitzer Prize]]-winning biographer, [[A. Scott Berg]], contended that Lindbergh was not so much a supporter of the Nazi regime as someone so stubborn in his",
"psg_id": "871694"
},
{
"title": "Jon Lindbergh",
"text": "Karen Pryor, daughter of author Philip Wylie; they divorced in 1997. Lindbergh is currently married to Maura Jansen. He had two daughters with Jansen. When his father was dying, Lindbergh took charge of transporting him from New York City to Hawaii to die, and helped build his father's grave. Lindbergh's eldest brother, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., the first of six children born to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in the infamous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \"the crime of the century\". Jon's other Lindbergh siblings are: Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993),",
"psg_id": "16467309"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "grounds of the Palapala Ho'omau Church in [[Kipahulu]], [[Maui]]. His [[epitaph]], on a simple stone following the words \"Charles A. Lindbergh Born Michigan 1902 Died Maui 1974\", quotes [[Psalms]] 139:9: \"... If I take the wings of the morning, and dwell in the uttermost parts of the sea ... C.A.L.\" [[File:Bourget-statue.jpg|thumb|upright=0.75|Statue in honor of [[François Coli|Coli]], [[Charles Nungesser|Nungesser]], and Lindbergh at [[Paris–Le Bourget Airport]]]] Lindbergh received many awards, medals and decorations, most of which were later donated to the Missouri Historical Society and are on display at the Jefferson Memorial, now part of the [[Missouri History Museum]] in [[Forest Park",
"psg_id": "871709"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "is disagreement on how accurate Lindbergh's reports were, but Cole asserts that the consensus among British and American officials was that they were slightly exaggerated but badly needed. Lindbergh also undertook a survey of aviation in the [[Soviet Union]] in 1938. [[File:Hermann Goering gives Charles Lindbergh a Nazi medal.jpg|right|thumb|Göring presenting Lindbergh with a medal on behalf of [[Adolf Hitler]] in October 1938]] In 1938, [[Hugh R. Wilson|Hugh Wilson]], the American ambassador to Germany, hosted a dinner for Lindbergh with Germany's air chief, [[Hermann Göring]] and three central figures in German aviation, [[Ernst Heinkel]], Adolf Baeumker, and [[Willy Messerschmitt]]. At this",
"psg_id": "871679"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "be withdrawn from circulation and would therefore attract attention; the bills' serial numbers were also recorded. On , the child's remains were found in woods not far from the Lindbergh home. [[File:Charles Lindbergh testifying.jpg|thumb|right|Lindbergh testifying at the Hauptmann trial in 1935. Bruno Hauptmann can be seen on the right side of the photograph.]] In response to what was widely called \"The Crime of the Century\", Congress passed the so-called [[Federal Kidnapping Act|\"Lindbergh Law\"]], which made kidnapping a [[Federal crime|federal offense]] if the victim is taken across state lines or (as in the Lindbergh case) the kidnapper uses \"the mail or...",
"psg_id": "871670"
},
{
"title": "Charles August Lindbergh",
"text": "year. In 1887, Lindbergh married Mary LaFond, with whom he had two daughters, Lillian and Eva. Mary LaFond died in 1898. In 1901, Charles married Evangeline Lodge Land (1876–1954). In 1902, they settled in Little Falls, Minnesota. They separated in 1918, their only child being the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, who also became an antiwar leader. Lindbergh served as prosecuting attorney for Morrison County, Minnesota in 1891-1893. He was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1906 as a Republican, serving in the 60th, 61st, 62nd, 63rd, and 64th congresses. In 1916 he unsuccessfully campaigned for a seat in",
"psg_id": "5637113"
},
{
"title": "Anne Lindbergh",
"text": "also divorced. She was married to Noel Perrin, American essayist and a professor at Dartmouth College, at the time of her death. They lived together in Thetford Center, Vermont. Anne Lindbergh wrote numerous books, most of them for children. Anne Lindbergh died of cancer in 1993 at her home in Thetford Center, Vermont, at the age of 53. Anne Lindbergh's eldest brother, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., the first of six children born to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in a famous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \"the crime of the century\". Anne's other Lindbergh siblings",
"psg_id": "5855125"
},
{
"title": "Charles A. Lindbergh State Park",
"text": "forest with oak and prairie openings. Damming has raised the water level of the Mississippi substantially from the days when Charles Lindbergh swam in it. The park has a campground with 38 sites, 15 of those with electrical hookups. There is also a group campsite that accommodates up to 30 people, one walk-in campsite, and a canoe-in site along the Mississippi River. Charles A. Lindbergh State Park Charles A. Lindbergh State Park is a 569-acre (2.3 km²) Minnesota state park on the outskirts of Little Falls. The park was once the farm of Congressman Charles August Lindbergh and his son",
"psg_id": "6733602"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Spengler was a conservative [[Authoritarianism|authoritarian]] and during the [[Interwar period|interwar era]], was widely read throughout the [[Western World]], though by this point he had fallen out of favor with the Nazis because he had not wholly subscribed to their theories of racial purity. Lindbergh developed a long-term friendship with the automobile pioneer [[Henry Ford]], who was well known for his anti-Semitic newspaper \"[[The Dearborn Independent]]\". In a famous comment about Lindbergh to [[Detroit]]'s former FBI field office special agent in charge in July 1940, Ford said: \"When Charles comes out here, we only talk about the Jews.\" Lindbergh considered Russia",
"psg_id": "871691"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "science, technology, nationalism, war, materialism, and values. Included among those writings were five other books: \"The Culture of Organs\" (with [[Alexis Carrel|Dr. Alexis Carrel]]) (1938), \"Of Flight and Life\" (1948), \"The Wartime Journals of Charles A. Lindbergh\" (1970), \"Boyhood on the Upper Mississippi\" (1972), and his unfinished \"Autobiography of Values\" (posthumous, 1978). In addition to many biographies such as A. Scott Berg's massive \"\"Lindbergh\"\" published in 1999 and others, Lindbergh also influenced or was the model for characters in a variety of works of fiction. Shortly after he made his famous flight, the [[Stratemeyer Syndicate]] began publishing a series of",
"psg_id": "871711"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Minnesota]], and Washington, D.C. He was the third child of [[Charles August Lindbergh]] ([[Name at birth|birth name]] Carl Månsson; 1859–1924) who had emigrated from Sweden to [[Melrose, Minnesota]] as an infant, and his only child with his second wife, Evangeline Lodge Land Lindbergh (1876–1954), of Detroit. Charles' parents separated in 1909 when he was seven. Lindbergh's father, a [[United States Congress|U.S. Congressman]] ([[Republican Party (United States)|R]]-[[Minnesota|MN]]-6) from 1907 to 1917, was one of the few Congressmen to oppose the entry of the U.S. into World War I (although his Congressional term ended one month prior to the House of Representatives",
"psg_id": "871632"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "or Autobiography winners]] [[Category:Racism in the United States]] [[Category:Recipients of the Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)]] [[Category:Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)]] [[Category:Sidwell Friends School alumni]] [[Category:Transatlantic flight]] [[Category:United States Air Force officers]] [[Category:United States airmail pilots]] [[Category:United States Army Air Forces officers]] [[Category:United States Army Medal of Honor recipients]] [[Category:University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Engineering alumni]] [[Category:Writers from Detroit]] [[Category:Antisemitism in the United States]] [[Category:Critics of Judaism]] [[Category:American male non-fiction writers]] Charles Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh (February 4, 1902 – August 26, 1974) was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age",
"psg_id": "871719"
},
{
"title": "Charles August Lindbergh",
"text": "August Lindbergh, left his wife and seven children, and emigrated to the United States with his mistress and their illegitimate infant son, Carl, in 1859. Lovisa became Louisa and young Carl became Charles August Lindbergh. They settled in Melrose, Minnesota and had six more children together. August worked as a farmer and a blacksmith for 26 years before marrying Louisa in 1885, having become a widower in 1864 with the death of his first wife in Sweden. Charles August Lindbergh studied law at the University of Michigan Law School, graduating in 1883 and being admitted to the bar the same",
"psg_id": "5637112"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "In [[Denis MacEoin|Daniel Easterman]]'s [[K is for Killing]] (1997), a fictional Charles Lindbergh becomes President of a fascist United States. His vice-president, and power behind the throne, is the notorious rapist and Grand Dragon of the Ku Klux Klan, [[D. C. Stephenson|David Stephenson]]. Eventually, Lindbergh is assassinated in the novel and it is implied that Stephenson, who has now risen to President of the United States, orchestrated Lindbergh's murder. The [[Philip Roth]] novel \"[[The Plot Against America]]\" (2004) explores an [[alternate history]] where [[Franklin Delano Roosevelt]] is defeated in the 1940 presidential election by Lindbergh, who allies the United States",
"psg_id": "871713"
},
{
"title": "Charles A. Lindbergh State Park",
"text": "died, and the farm was largely neglected. After Charles Lindbergh became famous in 1927, souvenir seekers frequently broke into the empty house and caused extensive damage. Encouraged by locals hoping to see the house protected, the Lindbergh family donated the farm to the state of Minnesota in 1931 as a park in memory of C.A. The family worked with the Minnesota Historical Society to restore the home, and donated many original furnishings. The Works Progress Administration developed the park for recreation. In 1969 the house and its grounds were transferred to the Minnesota Historical Society. In what was to be",
"psg_id": "6733599"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh (book)",
"text": "Lindbergh (book) Lindbergh is a 1998 Pulitzer Prize-winning biography of Charles Lindbergh by A. Scott Berg. The book became a \"New York Times\" Best Seller and won the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for biography. Once he had completed his second book, \"\" (about film producer Samuel Goldwyn, Jr.) in 1989, Berg began the search for his next subject. He wanted it to be \"another great American cultural figure but—because I had written about Perkins and Goldwyn—not somebody from the worlds of publishing or film\". After briefly considering Tennessee Williams, Berg chose the aviator Charles Lindbergh, attracted by what he",
"psg_id": "17554995"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "wife, the former [[Anne Morrow]], were the parents of six children. He fathered seven more children as a result of several covert adulterous affairs with three [[German people|German women]] (two from [[Bavaria]], one from [[East Prussia]]) beginning in 1957 when he was 55 years old. In 2003, (twenty-nine years after Lindbergh's death and two years after his wife died) one of those children, Astrid Hesshaimer, revealed the story of Lindbergh's affairs to the world. [[File:Charles&Dad.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|Charles A. Lindbergh and his father, circa 1910]] Lindbergh was born in [[Detroit]], Michigan, on , 1902, and spent most of his childhood in [[Little Falls,",
"psg_id": "871631"
},
{
"title": "Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History",
"text": "Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History The Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History, also known as the Lindbergh Chair, is a one-year senior fellowship hosted by the U.S. National Air and Space Museum (NASM), to assist a scholar in the research and composition of a book about aerospace history. Named for the famous aviator Charles Lindbergh, the position is competitive: one experienced scholar is selected each year from multiple applicants worldwide. Up to $100,000 is granted to the winner. The Lindbergh Chair is one of four research fellowships administered by NASM within the Smithsonian Institution: the others are",
"psg_id": "15659941"
},
{
"title": "Professor (highest academic rank)",
"text": "Professor (highest academic rank) Professor (informally also known as full professor) is the highest academic rank at universities and other institutions of higher education in parts of the world. Literally, professor derives from Latin as a \"person who professes\" being usually an expert in arts or sciences; a teacher of the highest rank. In most Commonwealth nations (such as the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, English-speaking Caribbean) and northern Europe, \"professor\" is the title of the most senior academics at a university and not a generic label for all university academics. A professor is a highly accomplished and",
"psg_id": "11318818"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "and his fellow CAM-2 pilots had used, so it could be said that each cover had been flown by him. The covers were then backstamped and returned to their senders as promotion of the Air Mail Service. In 1929–1931, Lindbergh carried much smaller numbers of souvenir covers on the first flights over routes in [[Latin America]] and the [[Caribbean]], which he had earlier laid out as a consultant to [[Pan American World Airways|Pan American Airways]] to be then flown under contract to the Post Office as Foreign Air Mail (FAM) routes 5 and 6. [[File:CharlesLindbergh22.jpg|right|thumb|upright=0.75|Charles and Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] In",
"psg_id": "871666"
},
{
"title": "The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case",
"text": "The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case is a 1976 American television film dramatisation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. It was directed by Buzz Kulik and stars Cliff DeYoung, Anthony Hopkins, Martin Balsam, Joseph Cotten, and Walter Pidgeon. The film opens with archive footage of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis and the song “Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)”. Hopewell, New Jersey, March 1, 1932. After preparing a bath, Anne Morrow Lindbergh (Sian Barbara Allen) is alerted by her nurse, Betty Gow, that her baby is not in its crib. They check with Charles",
"psg_id": "18907470"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh (book)",
"text": "described as \"the dramatic possibilities of the story of the great hero who became a great victim and a great villain\". \"Charles Lindbergh is a window onto the whole world -- a great lens for observing the American century,\" Berg elaborated. When asked about previous biographies of Lindbergh, Berg noted \"The problem is most of what has been written about him is wrong or misleading.\" Berg had been interested earlier by the idea of writing a book on the life of Lindbergh but \"had scratched Lindbergh off my list\" when he heard that Lindbergh's papers were locked up and inaccessible.",
"psg_id": "17554996"
},
{
"title": "Jon Lindbergh",
"text": "conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and writer Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Jon Lindbergh Jon Morrow Lindbergh (born August 16, 1932) is a former underwater diver from the United States. He has worked as a United States Navy demolition expert and as a commercial diver, and was one of the world's earliest aquanauts in the 1960s. He was also a pioneer in cave diving. He is the oldest surviving child of aviator Charles Lindbergh and writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born on August 16, 1932, five months after the kidnapping and death of his older brother, Charles Lindbergh Jr. Jon's parents had",
"psg_id": "16467310"
},
{
"title": "Reeve Lindbergh",
"text": "serving as the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico. In 1932, the Lindbergh’s firstborn, Charles Lindbergh Jr., was kidnapped from their home in Hopewell, New Jersey — and killed — 13 years before Reeve was born. Reeve's parents never discussed the kidnapping with their children. As she relates, “ As the youngest, it’s been easiest for me. My brothers and older sister grew up under the shadow of the kidnapping and the war years.” In \"The Names of the Mountains\" Lindbergh reveals what life as a Lindbergh was like after the death of her father through a fictional family. \"Under a Wing:",
"psg_id": "20674457"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "interventionist policies, telling Treasury Secretary [[Henry Morgenthau Jr.|Henry Morgenthau]], \"If I should die tomorrow, I want you to know this, I am absolutely convinced Lindbergh is a Nazi.\" In 1941 he wrote to Secretary of War [[Henry Stimson]]: \"When I read Lindbergh's speech I felt that it could not have been better put if it had been written by [[Joseph Goebbels|Goebbels]] himself. What a pity that this youngster has completely abandoned his belief in our form of government and has accepted Nazi methods because apparently they are efficient.\" Lindbergh elucidated his beliefs regarding [[White people|white race]] in a 1939 article",
"psg_id": "871687"
},
{
"title": "Jon Lindbergh",
"text": "Jon Lindbergh Jon Morrow Lindbergh (born August 16, 1932) is a former underwater diver from the United States. He has worked as a United States Navy demolition expert and as a commercial diver, and was one of the world's earliest aquanauts in the 1960s. He was also a pioneer in cave diving. He is the oldest surviving child of aviator Charles Lindbergh and writer Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Lindbergh was born on August 16, 1932, five months after the kidnapping and death of his older brother, Charles Lindbergh Jr. Jon's parents had discovered the name \"Jon\" in a book about Scandinavian",
"psg_id": "16467303"
},
{
"title": "August Lindbergh",
"text": "their younger children, who did not live long. August Lindbergh August Lindbergh (12 May 1808 – 14 October 1893) was a Swedish American farmer and politician. He was the father of the U.S. politician Charles August Lindbergh, and the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh. August Lindbergh was born Ola Månsson in Smedstorp, Tomelilla Municipality in Skåne, Sweden. His father, Måns Jönsson (at that time, Swedish peasants used patronymics as family names), married to Sara Carlsdotter, owned a small farm and worked as a parish tailor in Smedstorp. Through his marriage to Ingar Jönsdotter, who brought in a substantial dowry, and",
"psg_id": "10962940"
},
{
"title": "August Lindbergh",
"text": "August Lindbergh August Lindbergh (12 May 1808 – 14 October 1893) was a Swedish American farmer and politician. He was the father of the U.S. politician Charles August Lindbergh, and the grandfather of aviator Charles Lindbergh. August Lindbergh was born Ola Månsson in Smedstorp, Tomelilla Municipality in Skåne, Sweden. His father, Måns Jönsson (at that time, Swedish peasants used patronymics as family names), married to Sara Carlsdotter, owned a small farm and worked as a parish tailor in Smedstorp. Through his marriage to Ingar Jönsdotter, who brought in a substantial dowry, and his own hard work, Månsson became a well-to-do",
"psg_id": "10962935"
},
{
"title": "Anne Lindbergh",
"text": "are aquanaut Jon Lindbergh (1932-), Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Anne Lindbergh was the recipient of numerous honors for her work, including an award from the International Reading Association. This list includes all known titles at WorldCat. Anne Lindbergh Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940 – December 10, 1993) was an American writer, primarily of children's novels. She was the daughter of aviators/authors Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Anne Lindbergh was raised in Darien, Connecticut. After studying at Radcliffe College for three years, she moved to Paris to continue her education, studying at the",
"psg_id": "5855126"
},
{
"title": "Erik Lindbergh",
"text": "control for larger aircraft than multicopter drones' fixed-pitch propellers, avoiding control lag. Son of Jon Lindbergh and Barbara Robbins, Erik Lindbergh is the grandson, by his father, of the pioneering aviators Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. His father's Lindbergh siblings are Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993), conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), and writer Reeve Lindbergh (1945-). Lindbergh has written the foreword to several books, a monthly column in AOPA Pilot magazine and numerous freelance and op-ed articles. In May 2008 Lindbergh was awarded an honorary doctorate of laws degree from Molloy College in NY for outstanding",
"psg_id": "3836464"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "death) did not know the true identity of their father, whom they had only known by the alias Careu Kent and they had only seen him when he briefly visited them once or twice per year. However, after reading a magazine article about Lindbergh in the mid-1980s, Brigitte's daughter Astrid deduced the truth; she later discovered snapshots and more than 150 love letters from Lindbergh to Brigitte. After Brigitte and Anne Lindbergh had both died, she made her findings public; in 2003 DNA tests confirmed that Lindbergh had fathered Astrid and her two siblings. Reeve Lindbergh, Lindbergh's youngest child with",
"psg_id": "871706"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "pilots. First produced in 1931, it is still produced today. In 1929, Lindbergh became interested in the work of rocket pioneer [[Robert H. Goddard]]. By helping Goddard secure an [[Financial endowment|endowment]] from [[Daniel Guggenheim]] in 1930, Lindbergh allowed Goddard to expand his research and development. Throughout his life, Lindbergh remained a key advocate of Goddard's work. In 1930, Lindbergh's sister-in-law developed a fatal heart condition. Lindbergh began to wonder why hearts could not be repaired with surgery. Starting in early 1931 at the Rockefeller Institute and continuing during his time living in France, Lindbergh studied the [[perfusion]] of organs outside",
"psg_id": "871676"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "bomber escort mission with the [[433d Weapons Squadron|433rd Fighter Squadron]] in the [[Seram Island|Ceram]] area, Lindbergh shot down a [[Mitsubishi Ki-51]] \"Sonia\" observation plane, piloted by Captain Saburo Shimada, commanding officer of the 73rd Independent Chutai. After the war, Lindbergh was touring the Nazi [[concentration camp]]s when he wrote in his autobiography that he was disgusted and angered. After World War II, Lindbergh lived in [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]], [[Connecticut]] and served as a consultant to the [[Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force]] and to [[Pan American World Airways]]. With most of eastern Europe under Communist control, Lindbergh believed",
"psg_id": "871702"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh kidnapping",
"text": "Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his home Highfields in East Amwell, New Jersey, United States. On May 12, his body was discovered nearby. In September 1934 Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested for the crime. After a trial that lasted from January 2 to February 13, 1935, he was found guilty of first-degree murder and sentenced to death. Despite his conviction, he continued to profess his innocence, but all appeals failed and he was executed in the electric chair at the New Jersey",
"psg_id": "2124503"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "the \"[[Spirit of St. Louis]]\", the fabric-covered, single-seat, single-engine \"Ryan NYP\" high-wing monoplane ([[Civil Aeronautics Authority|CAB]] registration: N-X-211) was designed jointly by Lindbergh and Ryan's chief engineer [[Donald A. Hall]]. The \"Spirit\" flew for the first time just two months later, and after a series of test flights Lindbergh took off from San Diego on . He went first to St. Louis, then on to Roosevelt Field on New York's Long Island. [[File:Charles Lindbergh and the Spirit of Saint Louis (Crisco restoration, with wings).jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Lindbergh with the \"Spirit of St. Louis\" before his Paris flight]] In the early morning of Friday,",
"psg_id": "871649"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh kidnapping",
"text": "baby to be raised in Germany. Robert Zorn's 2012 book \"Cemetery John\" proposes that Hauptmann was part of a conspiracy with two other German-born men, John and Walter Knoll. Zorn's father, economist Eugene Zorn, believed that as a teenager he had witnessed the conspiracy being discussed. Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1, 1932, Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., 20-month-old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh, was abducted from his home Highfields in East Amwell, New Jersey, United States. On May 12, his body was discovered nearby. In September 1934 Bruno Richard Hauptmann was arrested for the crime. After a",
"psg_id": "2124542"
},
{
"title": "Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History",
"text": "series. The winner is expected to reside in the Washington, DC, area for nine months to a year, the academic year generally starting in September and ending by the following August. He or she is also expected to take part in discussions with museum staff and to attend professional seminars and colloquia. Along with access to primary research materials, the winner is given the use of an office, a phone and a computer. Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History The Charles A. Lindbergh Chair in Aerospace History, also known as the Lindbergh Chair, is a one-year senior fellowship hosted",
"psg_id": "15659943"
},
{
"title": "The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case",
"text": "was nominated for a Golden Globe for Best Motion Picture Made for TV. Anthony Hopkins won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie. The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case The Lindbergh Kidnapping Case is a 1976 American television film dramatisation of the Lindbergh kidnapping. It was directed by Buzz Kulik and stars Cliff DeYoung, Anthony Hopkins, Martin Balsam, Joseph Cotten, and Walter Pidgeon. The film opens with archive footage of Charles Lindbergh's pioneering transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis and the song “Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)”. Hopewell, New Jersey, March 1,",
"psg_id": "18907478"
},
{
"title": "Anne Morrow Lindbergh",
"text": "at the Lindbergh home police began the first search into the disappearance of young Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr., there police witnessed two clear sets of footprints outside of the Lindbergh home. One set specifically lead southeast towards a ladder that was believed to be used in the abduction. Upon the discovery of intruders, police returned inside the home to begin there initial search of the nursery. Before calling the police Charles Lindbergh uncovered a plain white envelope located on the windowsill. Believing it was a ransom note, Charles left it for police inspection. Expert in crime-scene photography and fingerprints, Corporal",
"psg_id": "1483720"
},
{
"title": "Erik Lindbergh",
"text": "Erik Lindbergh Erik Charles Lindbergh (born 1965) is an aviator, adventurer, and an artist. He is the grandson of pioneering aviator Charles Lindbergh, the first person to fly non-stop between New York and Paris in 1927. In 2002 Erik Lindbergh honored the 75th anniversary of his grandfather's historic flight by retracing the journey in his own single-engine aircraft. The journey was documented by the History Channel, raised over one million dollars for three charities, garnered half a billion media impressions for the X PRIZE Foundation and prompted a call from United States President George W. Bush for inspiring the country",
"psg_id": "3836458"
},
{
"title": "Erik Lindbergh",
"text": "service to humanity. Erik Lindbergh Erik Charles Lindbergh (born 1965) is an aviator, adventurer, and an artist. He is the grandson of pioneering aviator Charles Lindbergh, the first person to fly non-stop between New York and Paris in 1927. In 2002 Erik Lindbergh honored the 75th anniversary of his grandfather's historic flight by retracing the journey in his own single-engine aircraft. The journey was documented by the History Channel, raised over one million dollars for three charities, garnered half a billion media impressions for the X PRIZE Foundation and prompted a call from United States President George W. Bush for",
"psg_id": "3836465"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "his autobiography, Lindbergh derided pilots he met as womanizing \"barnstormers\"; he also criticized Army cadets for their \"facile\" approach to relationships. He wrote that the ideal romance was stable and long-term, with a woman with keen intellect, good health, and strong genes, his \"experience in breeding animals on our farm [having taught him] the importance of good heredity\". [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] (1906–2001) was the daughter of [[Dwight Morrow]] who, as partner at [[J.P. Morgan & Co.]], had acted as financial adviser to Lindbergh. He was also the U.S. Ambassador to Mexico in 1927. Invited by Morrow on a goodwill tour",
"psg_id": "871667"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "killed Lindbergh\". [[File:433dfws.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.7|433rd Fighter Squadron \"Satan's Angels\"]] In his six months in the Pacific in 1944, Lindbergh took part in fighter bomber raids on Japanese positions, flying 50 combat missions (again as a civilian). His innovations in the use of [[Lockheed P-38 Lightning]] fighters impressed a supportive Gen. [[Douglas MacArthur]]. Lindbergh introduced [[Air–fuel ratio|engine-leaning techniques]] to P-38 pilots, greatly improving fuel consumption at cruise speeds, enabling the long-range fighter aircraft to fly longer range missions. The U.S. Marine and Army Air Force pilots who served with Lindbergh praised his courage and defended his patriotism. On , 1944, during a P-38",
"psg_id": "871701"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "banquet.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.75|Program for the New York \"WE\" Banquet (, 1927)]] Lindbergh flew from Washington, D.C. to New York City on , arriving in lower Manhattan. He traveled up the [[Broadway (Manhattan)#Canyon of Heroes|Canyon of Heroes]] to City Hall, where he was received by Mayor [[Jimmy Walker]]. A [[ticker-tape parade]] followed to Central Park Mall, where he was honored at another ceremony hosted by New York Governor [[Al Smith]] and attended by a crowd of 200,000. Some 4,000,000 persons saw Lindbergh that day. That evening, Lindbergh was accompanied by his mother and Mayor Walker when he was the guest of honor at",
"psg_id": "871656"
},
{
"title": "Reeve Lindbergh",
"text": "foundation. Lindbergh serves on the Vermont Arts Council. Reeve Lindbergh Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (born October 2, 1945) is an American author from Caledonia County, Vermont who grew up in Darien, Connecticut as the daughter of aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974) and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906-2001). She was graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968. Her second husband, writer Nathaniel Wardwell Tripp (1944-) wrote the Vietnam memoir, \"Father, Soldier, Son\" (1997) which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. Lindbergh writes of her experiences growing up in the household of her famous father — with echoes of his famous",
"psg_id": "20674470"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "year. He kept track of each child's infractions (including such things as gum-chewing) and insisted that Anne track every penny of household expenses in account books. [[File:Lindbergh baby poster.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65]] On the evening of , 1932, twenty-month-old Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. was abducted from his crib in the Lindbergh's rural home, [[Highfields (Amwell and Hopewell, New Jersey)|Highfields]], in [[East Amwell Township, New Jersey|East Amwell, New Jersey]], near the town of [[Hopewell, New Jersey|Hopewell]]. A man who claimed to be the kidnapper, picked up a cash ransom of $50,000 on , part of which was in [[gold certificate]]s, which were soon to",
"psg_id": "871669"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "dragged Lindbergh out of the cockpit, and literally carried him around above their heads for \"nearly half an hour\". Some damage was done to the \"Spirit\" (especially to the fine linen, silver-painted fabric covering on the [[fuselage]]) by souvenir hunters before pilot and plane reached the safety of a nearby hangar with the aid of French military fliers, soldiers, and police. Lindbergh's flight was certified by the National Aeronautic Association based on the readings from a sealed [[barograph]] placed in the \"Spirit\". [[File:CharlesLindbergh-RaymondOrteig.jpg|left|upright=0.75|thumb|Lindbergh accepting the prize from Orteig in New York, , 1927]] Lindbergh received unprecedented adulation after his historic",
"psg_id": "871653"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Year Award, [[Elinor Smith|Elinor Smith Sullivan]], said that before Lindbergh's flight, [[File:Lindbergh Airmail Stamp c10.jpg|thumb|right|\"Lindbergh [[Airmails of the United States|Air Mail]]\" 10¢ issue (C-10) , 1927]] Barely two months after Lindbergh arrived in Paris, G. P. Putnam's Sons published his 318-page autobiography \"\"WE\"\", which was the first of 15 books he eventually wrote or to which he made significant contributions. The company was run by aviation enthusiast [[George P. Putnam]]. The dustjacket notes said that Lindbergh wanted to share the \"story of his life and his transatlantic flight together with his views on the future of aviation\", and that \"\"WE\"\"",
"psg_id": "871659"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "to buy a World War I surplus [[Curtiss JN-4|Curtiss JN-4 \"Jenny\"]] biplane. Though Lindbergh had not touched an airplane in more than six months, he had already secretly decided he was ready to take to the air by himself. After a half-hour of dual time with a pilot who was visiting the field to pick up another surplus JN-4, Lindbergh flew solo for the first time in the Jenny he had just purchased for $500. After spending another week or so at the field to \"practice\" (thereby acquiring five hours of \"pilot in command\" time), Lindbergh took off from Americus",
"psg_id": "871637"
},
{
"title": "Charles A. Lindbergh State Park",
"text": "National Register of Historic Places. These buildings include a picnic shelter and a water tower, built in the Rustic Style from local stone and logs, and have remained relatively unchanged since construction. Although the property includes shoreline on the Mississippi River, the Lindbergh family requested that the park not include intensive use areas for swimming or camping, so development was kept to a minimum. Charles August Lindbergh, known as C.A., was a prominent lawyer and real estate trader in Little Falls. In March 1901 he married Evangeline Lodge Land, the college-educated descendant of two notable Detroit medical families, who had",
"psg_id": "6733594"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "books for juvenile readers called the \"[[Ted Scott Flying Stories]]\" (1927–1943), which were written by a number of authors all using the \"[[pen name|nom de plume]]\" of [[Franklin W. Dixon]], in which the pilot hero was closely modeled after Lindbergh. Ted Scott duplicated the solo flight to Paris in the series' first volume, entitled \"Over the Ocean to Paris\" published in 1927. Another fictional literary reference to Lindbergh appears in the [[Agatha Christie]] book (1934) and movie \"[[Murder on the Orient Express (1974 film)|Murder on the Orient Express]]\" (1974) which begins with a fictionalized depiction of the [[Lindbergh baby kidnapping]].",
"psg_id": "871712"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "the [[Vought F4U Corsair]] fighter-bomber's rated capacity. At the time, several Marine squadrons were flying bomber escorts to destroy the Japanese stronghold of [[Rabaul]], [[New Britain]], in the Australian [[Territory of New Guinea]]. On , 1944, Lindbergh flew his first combat mission: a strafing run with [[VMF-222]] near the Japanese garrison of Rabaul. He also flew with [[VMF-216]], from the Marine Air Base at [[Torokina]], [[Bougainville Island|Bougainville]]. Lindbergh was escorted on one of these missions by Lt. Robert E. (Lefty) McDonough, who refused to fly with Lindbergh again, as he did not want to be known as \"the guy who",
"psg_id": "871700"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "his loyalty. At an America First rally in September, Lindbergh accused three groups of \"pressing this country toward war[:] the British, the Jewish, and the Roosevelt Administration\": He went on to warn of \"large [Jewish] ownership and influence in our motion pictures, our press, our radio, and our government\", though he condemned Germany's [[antisemitism]]: \"No person with a sense of the dignity of mankind can condone the persecution of the Jewish race in Germany.\" He continued, Responding to criticism of his speech, Lindbergh denied he was anti-Semitic but did not back away from his positions. Anne Lindbergh felt that the",
"psg_id": "871685"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "months, applications for pilots' licenses tripled, and the number of planes quadrupled. President [[Herbert Hoover]] appointed Lindbergh to the [[National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics]]. Lindbergh and [[Pan American World Airways]] head [[Juan Trippe]] were interested in developing a [[great circle]] air route across Alaska and Siberia to China and Japan. In the summer of 1931, with Trippe's support, Lindbergh and his wife flew from Long Island to [[Nome, Alaska]] and from there to Siberia, Japan and China. The route was not available for commercial service until after World WarII, as prewar aircraft lacked the range to fly Alaska to Japan",
"psg_id": "871663"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "After quitting college in February 1922, Lindbergh enrolled at the Nebraska Aircraft Corporation's flying school in Lincoln and flew for the first time on , as a passenger in a two-seat [[Standard J|Lincoln Standard \"Tourabout\"]] biplane trainer piloted by [[Otto Timm]]. A few days later, Lindbergh took his first formal flying lesson in that same machine, though he was never permitted to solo because he could not afford to post the requisite damage bond. To gain flight experience and earn money for further instruction, Lindbergh left Lincoln in June to spend the next few months [[barnstorming]] across Nebraska, Kansas, Colorado,",
"psg_id": "871635"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "on , 1936. [[File:Charles Lindbergh Arrives in England, January 1936.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Newsreel still of Lindbergh family arrival in England, , 1935]] An intensely private man, Lindbergh became exasperated by the unrelenting public attention in the wake of the kidnapping and Hauptmann trial, and was concerned for the safety of his three-year-old second son Jon. Consequently, in the predawn hours of Sunday, , 1935, the family \"sailed furtively\" from Manhattan for Liverpool, the only three passengers aboard the [[United States Lines]] freighter SS \"American Importer\". They traveled under assumed names and with diplomatic passports issued through the personal intervention of Treasury Secretary [[Ogden",
"psg_id": "871672"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "wrote a musical called \"Der Lindberghflug\" (The Lindbergh Flight) with music by [[Kurt Weill]] and [[Paul Hindemith]]. Because of Lindbergh's apparent Nazi sympathies, in 1950 Brecht removed all direct references to Lindbergh and renamed the piece \"[[The Flight across the Ocean|Der Ozeanflug]]\" (The Ocean Flight). In 2016, as part of his series of scores based around historical events, Adam Young released a score based around The Spirit of St. Louis's flight. During World War II, Lindbergh was a frequent target of [[Dr Seuss]]'s first political cartoons, published in the New York magazine [[PM (newspaper)|PM]], in which Geisel emphasised Lindbergh's anti-semitism",
"psg_id": "871715"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh Boulevard",
"text": "367. Lindbergh Boulevard Lindbergh Boulevard, named after the aviator, Charles Lindbergh, is a section of U.S. Routes 61 and 67 that extends through Missouri. Lindbergh Boulevard is home to Missouri's only traffic tunnel underneath a runway at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport. Lindbergh Boulevard was initially a bypass of St. Louis, designated in about 1930 as Route 77 from Mehlville to the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The part north of Dunn Road, where Route 77 turned off to access the bridge, was initially Route M and later Route 140. Route 77 was later extended at the south end to the Jefferson",
"psg_id": "8832238"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh Boulevard",
"text": "Lindbergh Boulevard Lindbergh Boulevard, named after the aviator, Charles Lindbergh, is a section of U.S. Routes 61 and 67 that extends through Missouri. Lindbergh Boulevard is home to Missouri's only traffic tunnel underneath a runway at Lambert–St. Louis International Airport. Lindbergh Boulevard was initially a bypass of St. Louis, designated in about 1930 as Route 77 from Mehlville to the Chain of Rocks Bridge. The part north of Dunn Road, where Route 77 turned off to access the bridge, was initially Route M and later Route 140. Route 77 was later extended at the south end to the Jefferson Barracks",
"psg_id": "8832235"
},
{
"title": "Anne Lindbergh",
"text": "Anne Lindbergh Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940 – December 10, 1993) was an American writer, primarily of children's novels. She was the daughter of aviators/authors Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh. Anne Lindbergh was raised in Darien, Connecticut. After studying at Radcliffe College for three years, she moved to Paris to continue her education, studying at the Sorbonne. She met and married a fellow student there, Julien Feydy, who later became a political scientist and university professor. They later divorced. She later married Jerzy Sapieyevski, a composer and conductor she met in Europe and with whom she moved to Washington. They",
"psg_id": "5855124"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "duties included evaluating new aircraft types in development, recruitment procedures, and finding a site for a new air force research institute and other potential air bases. Assigned a [[Curtiss P-36 Hawk|Curtiss P-36]] fighter, he toured various facilities, reporting back to Wright Field. Lindbergh's brief four-month tour was also his first period of active military service since his graduation from the Army's Flight School fourteen years earlier in 1925. [[File:MIH-film101jpg.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.65|Longines' Lindbergh watch]] [[File:Lindbergh perfusion pump in Putnam Gallery, 2009-11-24.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.75|A Lindbergh [[perfusion]] pump, \"circa\" 1935]] Lindbergh wrote to the [[Longines]] watch company and described a watch that would make navigation easier for",
"psg_id": "871675"
},
{
"title": "Reeve Lindbergh",
"text": "his fellow pilot, Charles Lindbergh, to urge Americans to enter the war against Nazi Germany. Unsuccessful in his primary objective, de Saint-Exupery became captivated by \"Charles’s golden-haired boy,\" Land Lindbergh. As a 76-year-old Montana rancher in 2014, the possible basis for this classic story could not be reached for comment. Lindbergh won the Redbook magazine award in 1987 for ‘’The Midnight Farm’’ and in 1990 for ‘’Benjamin's Barn’’. She serves as member of board (1977-) and honorary chairman (2004-) of the Charles A. and Anne Morrow Lindbergh Foundation. She previously served as vice president (1986–95) and president (1995-2004) of the",
"psg_id": "20674469"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh kidnapping",
"text": "coerced. One theory is Lindbergh accidentally killed his son in a prank gone wrong. In \"Crime of the Century: The Lindbergh Kidnapping Hoax\", criminal defense attorney Gregory Ahlgren posits Lindbergh climbed a ladder and brought his son out a window, but dropped the child, killing him, so hid the body in the woods, then covered up the crime by blaming Hauptmann. Several people have suggested that Charles Lindbergh was responsible for the kidnapping. In 2010, Jim Bahm's \"Beneath the Winter Sycamores\" implied that the baby was physically disabled and Lindbergh arranged the kidnapping as a way of secretly moving the",
"psg_id": "2124541"
},
{
"title": "Reeve Lindbergh",
"text": "Reeve Lindbergh Reeve Morrow Lindbergh (born October 2, 1945) is an American author from Caledonia County, Vermont who grew up in Darien, Connecticut as the daughter of aviator Charles Lindbergh (1902-1974) and author Anne Morrow Lindbergh (1906-2001). She was graduated from Radcliffe College in 1968. Her second husband, writer Nathaniel Wardwell Tripp (1944-) wrote the Vietnam memoir, \"Father, Soldier, Son\" (1997) which was a New York Times Notable Book of the Year. Lindbergh writes of her experiences growing up in the household of her famous father — with echoes of his famous transatlantic flight and the kidnapping of her eldest",
"psg_id": "20674455"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Pacific theatre of World War II]] [[Category:American nationalists]] [[Category:American Odd Fellows]] [[Category:American people of Swedish descent]] [[Category:American World War II pilots]] [[Category:Anti–World War II activists]] [[Category:Articles containing video clips]] [[Category:Aviation history of the United States]] [[Category:Aviation pioneers]] [[Category:Aviators from Michigan]] [[Category:Aviators from Washington, D.C.]] [[Category:Charles Lindbergh| ]] [[Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients]] [[Category:Deaths from cancer in Hawaii]] [[Category:Deaths from lymphoma]] [[Category:Explorers of the United States]] [[Category:Freemen of the City of London]] [[Category:Légion d'honneur recipients]] [[Category:Lindbergh family|Charles]] [[Category:Military personnel from Detroit]] [[Category:Non-combat recipients of the Medal of Honor]] [[Category:Non-interventionism]] [[Category:Old Right (United States)]] [[Category:People from Little Falls, Minnesota]] [[Category:Pulitzer Prize for Biography",
"psg_id": "871718"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "$15,000 bank loan. Lindbergh contributed $2,000 ($27,280.45 in 2017) of his own money and another $1,000 was donated by RAC. The total of $18,000 was far less than what was available to Lindbergh's rivals. The group tried to buy an \"off-the-peg\" single or multiengine monoplane from [[Wright Aeronautical]], then [[Travel Air]], and finally the newly formed [[Columbia Aircraft Corporation]], but all insisted on selecting the pilot as a condition of sale. Finally the much smaller [[Ryan Aeronautical|Ryan Aircraft Company]] of San Diego agreed to design and build a custom monoplane for $10,580, and on a deal was formally closed. Dubbed",
"psg_id": "871648"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh Range",
"text": "the average temperature reaches -5 °C and the coldest is February when the temperature sinks to -19 °C. Lindbergh Range The Lindbergh Range or Lindbergh Nunataks ( or \"Lindbergh Nunatakker\") is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. The range was observed and mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made in the course of the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Koch named it after pioneering aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902–1974), who reportedly had seen these tall nunataks previously during an eastward flight across the",
"psg_id": "19673011"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh Range",
"text": "Lindbergh Range The Lindbergh Range or Lindbergh Nunataks ( or \"Lindbergh Nunatakker\") is a mountain range in King Christian IX Land, eastern Greenland. Administratively this range is part of the Sermersooq Municipality. The range was observed and mapped in 1933 by Lauge Koch during aerial surveys made in the course of the 1931–34 Three-year Expedition to East Greenland. Koch named it after pioneering aviator Charles Augustus Lindbergh (1902–1974), who reportedly had seen these tall nunataks previously during an eastward flight across the Greenland Ice Sheet and had discussed the matter with him when they met in Ella Island. Although not",
"psg_id": "19673008"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh (book)",
"text": "the two women did not know each other. Not long after, Berg heard from Mrs. Lindbergh. Berg convinced Lindbergh's widow, Anne Morrow Lindbergh, who considered him \"trustworthy,\" to grant him unprecedented access to the man's archives, which he was surprised to find totaled \"1,300 boxes, or several million papers\". In addition to his research in the archives, Berg also spoke with Mrs. Lindbergh, their five children and Lindbergh family friends. \"You can't write about Charles without writing about me,\" the widow told Berg, allowing him access to her memoirs and diaries. Berg found Lindbergh's papers \"in a miraculous order.\" Lindbergh",
"psg_id": "17554998"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh kidnapping",
"text": "State Prison on April 3, 1936. Newspaper writer H. L. Mencken called the kidnapping and trial \"the biggest story since the Resurrection.\" Legal scholars have referred to the trial as one of the \"trials of the century\". The crime spurred Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act, commonly called the \"Lindbergh Law\", which made transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime. At 7:30 p.m. on March 1, 1932, family nurse Betty Gow put 20 month-old Charles Lindbergh Jr. into his crib. Around 9:30 p.m. Charles Lindbergh was in the library just below the baby's room when he",
"psg_id": "2124504"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "covering in just over 116 hours of flight time. A year and two days after it had made its first flight, Lindbergh flew the \"Spirit\" from St. Louis to Washington, D.C., where it has been on public display at the [[Smithsonian Institution]] ever since. Over the previous 367 days, Lindbergh and the \"Spirit\" had logged 489 hours 28 minutes of flight time together. [[File:Spirit of St. Louis Smithsonian.JPG|thumb|right|The \"Spirit of St. Louis\" on display at the National Air and Space Museum]] A \"Lindbergh boom\" in aviation had begun. The volume of mail moving by air increased 50 percent within six",
"psg_id": "871662"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "with [[Nazi Germany]]. Within days of the flight, dozens of [[Tin Pan Alley]] publishers rushed a variety of popular songs into print celebrating Lindbergh and the \"Spirit of St. Louis\" including \"[[Lindbergh (The Eagle of the U.S.A.)]]\" by Howard Johnson and [[Al Sherman]], and \"Lucky Lindy\" by [[L. Wolfe Gilbert]] and Abel Baer. In the two-year period following Lindbergh's flight, the U.S. Copyright Office recorded three hundred applications for Lindbergh songs. [[Tony Randall]] revived \"Lucky Lindy\" in an album of [[Jazz Age]] and [[Great Depression|Depression]]-era songs that he recorded entitled \"Vo Vo De Oh Doe\" (1967). In 1929, [[Bertolt Brecht]]",
"psg_id": "871714"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "in Klink's Curtiss JN-4C \"Canuck\" (the Canadian version of the Jenny). Lindbergh also \"cracked up\" this aircraft once when his engine failed shortly after take-off in [[Pensacola, Florida]], but again he managed to repair the damage himself. Following a few months of barnstorming through the South, the two pilots parted company in [[San Antonio]], Texas, where Lindbergh reported to [[Brooks City-Base|Brooks Field]] on , 1924, to begin a year of military flight training with the [[United States Army Air Service]] there (and later at nearby [[Kelly Field Annex|Kelly Field]]). Lindbergh had his most serious flying accident on , 1925, eight",
"psg_id": "871640"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "Wyoming, and Montana as a [[wing walking|wing walker]] and [[Parachuting|parachutist]]. He also briefly worked as an airplane mechanic at the [[Billings, Montana]], municipal airport. [[File:\"Daredevil Lindbergh\".jpg|thumb|right|\"Daredevil Lindbergh\" in a re-engined Standard J-1, the plane in this photo often misidentified as a Curtiss \"Jenny\", probably 1925]] Lindbergh left flying with the onset of winter and returned to his father's home in Minnesota. His return to the air and first solo flight did not come until half a year later in May 1923 at [[Jimmy Carter Regional Airport|Souther Field]] in [[Americus, Georgia]], a former Army flight training field, where he had come",
"psg_id": "871636"
},
{
"title": "Reeve Lindbergh",
"text": "A Memoir\" recounts Lindbergh's life as a child growing up in Darien, Connecticut with her “loving but stern father”. Charles did not allow his children to drink soda or eat candy, and he favored family discussion over watching television. He directed his family with a set of hard-and-fast rules. \"There were only two ways of doing things—Father's way and the wrong way,\" Lindbergh notes in her book. The build-up to World War II brought more controversy to the Lindbergh household. Charles Lindbergh was an outspoken isolationist and critic of U.S. military involvement against Nazi Germany. Putting her father's views in",
"psg_id": "20674458"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "the attack on Pearl Harbor came as a shock to Lindbergh, he did predict that America's \"wavering policy in the [[Philippines]]\" would invite a bloody war there, and, in one speech, he warned, \"we should either fortify these islands adequately, or get out of them entirely.\" After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Lindbergh sought to be recommissioned in the USAAF. The Secretary of War, [[Henry L. Stimson]], declined the request on instructions from the White House. [[File:Vmf222a insig.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|VMF-222 \"Flying Deuces\"]] [[File:VMF-216 insignia.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|VMF-216 \"Bulldogs\"]] Unable to take on an active military role, Lindbergh approached a number of aviation companies and",
"psg_id": "871698"
},
{
"title": "Reeve Lindbergh",
"text": "Anne Lindbergh, died in 1932 in a famous kidnapping — what many termed at the time \"the crime of the century\". Reeve's other Lindbergh siblings include aquanaut Jon Lindbergh (1932-), Land Morrow Lindbergh (1937-), writer Anne Spencer Lindbergh (1940–1993), and conservationist Scott Lindbergh (1942-), who raised rare monkeys in France. Reeve discovered later in life that her father had three other families in Germany and Switzerland. Reeve's brother Land Morrow Lindbergh has been considered a possible model for central character in French writer-aviator Antoine de Saint-Exupery's \"The Little Prince\". The author visited the Lindbergh home in 1939, hoping to convince",
"psg_id": "20674468"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh Forest",
"text": "entry, \"Lindbergh Forest,\" was suggested by Emilee Cate. She submitted the name in honor of aviator Charles Lindbergh, who had completed his famous trans-Atlantic flight in 1927. Cate was the wife of Sheriff J. Carroll Cate, who as a deputy sheriff had unsuccessfully defended the Knox County Jail from a lynch mob during the Riot of 1919. The Cates lived on Chamberlain Boulevard. Early residents of Lindbergh Forest included local business owners, local politicians, University of Tennessee professors, and Tennessee Valley Authority employees. During the 1930s, three consecutive mayors of Knoxville lived in Lindbergh Forest— John T. O'Connor, James Elmore,",
"psg_id": "14649653"
},
{
"title": "The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "project completed by Orson Welles in his lifetime. After Welles's death in 1985, all of his unfinished films were bequeathed to his long-term companion and mistress Oja Kodar, and she in turn donated many of them (including \"The Spirit of Charles Lindbergh\") to the Munich Film Museum for preservation and restoration. In 2000 the Munich Film Museum released a digitally restored version of the complete three minutes of footage, which has subsequently been screened at numerous film festivals. Although the restored footage has never been released on video or DVD, a brief clip of the unrestored footage can be seen",
"psg_id": "16066723"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh High School (Washington)",
"text": "Lindbergh High School (Washington) Lindbergh High School is a (senior) high school located in the southeastern section of Renton, Washington, a suburb of Seattle, in the Renton School District. It is named after Charles A. Lindbergh, the famous aviator who was first to fly solo across the Atlantic in 1927. The school was founded in 1972. Freshmen, sophomores and juniors attended the first year, making the class of 1974 the first to graduate. Lindbergh's school motto is \"ad astra\", which is Latin for \"to the stars\". The crest features the Spirit of St. Louis (the plane that Charles Lindbergh flew),",
"psg_id": "7828252"
},
{
"title": "Lindbergh Boom",
"text": "Lindbergh Boom The Lindbergh Boom (1927–1929) is a period of rapid interest in aviation following the awarding of the Orteig Prize to Charles Lindbergh for his 1927 non-stop solo transatlantic flight in the Spirit of St. Louis. The Lindbergh Boom occurred during the interwar period between World War I and World War II, where aviation development was fueled by commercial interests rather than wartime necessity. During this period, dozens of companies were formed to create airlines, and aircraft for a new age in aviation. Many of the fledgling companies funded by stock went under as quick as they started as",
"psg_id": "16558780"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "that it was almost always awarded for heroism in combat. It was presented to Lindbergh by President Coolidge at the White House on . Other noncombat awards of the Medal of Honor were made to naval aviators [[Richard E. Byrd]] and [[Floyd Bennett]], as well as arctic explorer [[Adolphus W. Greely]]. Lindbergh was honored as the first [[Time (magazine)|\"Time\"]] magazine [[Time Magazine Person of the Year|\"Man of the Year\"]] when he appeared on that magazine's cover at age 25 , 1928; he remains the youngest Man of the Year ever. The winner of the 1930 Best Woman Aviator of the",
"psg_id": "871658"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "the next hours, Lindbergh and the \"Spirit\" faced many challenges, which included skimming over [[Cumulonimbus cloud|storm clouds]] at and wave tops at as low as . The aircraft fought [[Icing conditions|icing]], flew blind through fog for several hours, and Lindbergh navigated only by [[Dead reckoning#Air navigation|dead reckoning]] (he was not proficient at navigating [[Celestial navigation|by the sun and stars]] and he rejected [[radio navigation]] gear as heavy and unreliable). He was fortunate that the winds over the Atlantic cancelled each other out, giving him zero wind drift – and thus accurate navigation during the long flight over featureless ocean. He",
"psg_id": "871651"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "flight. People were \"behaving as though Lindbergh had walked on water, not flown over it\". His mother's house in Detroit was surrounded by a crowd estimated at about 1,000. Countless newspapers, magazines, and radio shows wanted to interview him, and he was flooded with job offers from companies, think tanks, and universities. The French Foreign Office flew the American flag, the first time it had saluted someone who wasn't a head of state. Lindbergh also made a series of brief flights to Belgium and Great Britain in the \"Spirit\" before returning to the United States. [[Gaston Doumergue]], the [[President of",
"psg_id": "871654"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "in \"Reader's Digest\": Lindbergh's speeches and writings reflected his adoption of views on race and religion similar to that of the Nazis. Because of his trips to Nazi Germany that were combined with a belief in [[eugenics]], Lindbergh was suspected of being a Nazi sympathizer. Lindbergh's reaction to Kristallnacht was entrusted to his diary: \"I do not understand these riots on the part of the Germans,\" he wrote. \"It seems so contrary to their sense of order and intelligence. They have undoubtedly had a difficult '[[Jewish question|Jewish problem]]', but why is it necessary to handle it so unreasonably?\" Lindbergh had",
"psg_id": "871688"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "the name of a living person. A half-century later, a 13-Cent commemorative stamp (Scott #1710) depicting the \"Spirit\" flying low over the Atlantic Ocean was issued on , 1977, the 50th anniversary of the flight from [[Roosevelt Field]]. On , 1998, a 32¢ stamp with the legend \"Lindbergh Flies Atlantic\" (Scott #3184m) depicting Lindbergh and the \"\"Spirit\"\" was issued as part of the [[Celebrate the Century]] stamp sheet series. [[Category:1902 births]] [[Category:1974 deaths]] [[Category:20th-century American non-fiction writers]] [[Category:20th-century American male writers]] [[Category:1927 in aviation]] [[Category:American anti-communists]] [[Category:American anti-war activists]] [[Category:American environmentalists]] [[Category:American inventors]] [[Category:American military personnel who served in the",
"psg_id": "871717"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "eventually leading to the construction of the first [[Cardiopulmonary bypass|heart-lung machine]]. At the request of the United States military, Lindbergh traveled to Germany several times between 1936 and 1938 to evaluate German aviation. [[Hanna Reitsch]] demonstrated the [[Focke-Wulf Fw 61]] helicopter to Lindbergh in 1937, and he was the first American to examine Germany's newest bomber, the [[Junkers Ju 88]], and Germany's front-line [[fighter aircraft]], the [[Messerschmitt Bf 109]], which he was allowed to pilot. He said of the Bf 109 that he knew of \"no other pursuit plane which combines simplicity of construction with such excellent performance characteristics\". There",
"psg_id": "871678"
},
{
"title": "Charles Lindbergh",
"text": "and was instrumental in establishing protections for the [[Tasaday people]], and various African tribes such as the [[Maasai people|Maasai]]. Alongside [[Laurance S. Rockefeller]], Lindbergh helped establish the [[Haleakalā National Park]] in Hawaii. Lindbergh's speeches and writings in later life emphasized technology and nature, and his lifelong belief that \"... all the achievements of mankind have value only to the extent that they preserve and improve the quality of life.\" [[File:Charles-lindberg-grave-overall.jpg|thumb|Lindbergh's grave in Hawaii]] Lindbergh spent his last years on the [[Hawaii]]an island of [[Maui]], where he died of [[lymphoma]] on , 1974, at age 72. He was buried on the",
"psg_id": "871708"
}
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who was the second person to make a solo transatlantic flight? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "Air, Winston Churchill, presented Alcock and Brown with the \"Daily Mail\" prize for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean in \"less than 72 consecutive hours\". There was a small amount of mail carried on the flight making it also the first transatlantic airmail flight. The two aviators were awarded the honour of Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (KBE) a week later by King George V at the Windsor Castle. The first transatlantic flight by rigid airship, and the first \"return\" transatlantic flight, was made just a couple of weeks after the transatlantic flight",
"psg_id": "3163726"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "to the United States from the United Kingdom and Ireland in summer 2017 on behalf of its parent company using the parent's new Boeing 737 MAX aircraft expected to be delivered from May 2017. Norwegian Air performed its first transatlantic flight with a Boeing 737-800 on 16 June 2017 between Edinburgh Airport and Stewart Airport, New York. The first transatlantic flight with a 737 MAX was performed on 15 July 2017, with a MAX 8 named \"Sir Freddie Laker\", between Edinburgh Airport in Scotland and Hartford International Airport in the US state of Connecticut, followed by a second rotation from",
"psg_id": "3163758"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "Transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa or the Middle East to North America, Central America, or South America, or \"vice versa\". Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft. Early aircraft engines did not have the reliability needed for the crossing, nor the power to lift the required fuel. There are difficulties navigating over featureless expanses of water for thousands of miles, and the weather, especially in the North Atlantic Ocean, was unpredictable. Since the middle of the 20th century, however, transatlantic flight",
"psg_id": "3163718"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "to fly nonstop from New York to the European continental land mass. Over the next 33.5 hours, Lindbergh and the \"Spirit of St. Louis\" encountered many challenges before landing at Le Bourget Airport near Paris, France, at 10:22 p.m. on Saturday, 21 May 1927, completing the first solo crossing of the Atlantic. The first east-west non-stop transatlantic crossing by an aeroplane was made in 1928 by the \"Bremen\", a German Junkers W33 type aircraft, from Baldonnel Airfield in County Dublin, Ireland. On 18 August 1932 Jim Mollison made the first east-to-west solo trans-Atlantic flight; flying from Portmarnock in Ireland to",
"psg_id": "3163730"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "have forced the craft to North Africa or Norway. To descend, Trappe would have popped or released some of the balloons. The last time the Atlantic was crossed by helium balloon was in 1984 by Colonel Joe Kittinger. Transatlantic flight A transatlantic flight is the flight of an aircraft across the Atlantic Ocean from Europe, Africa or the Middle East to North America, Central America, or South America, or \"vice versa\". Such flights have been made by fixed-wing aircraft, airships, balloons and other aircraft. Early aircraft engines did not have the reliability needed for the crossing, nor the power to",
"psg_id": "3163765"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic crossing",
"text": "he then made a return trip to England, thus also completing the first double crossing of the Atlantic (east–west–east). In 1927, Charles Lindbergh made the first solo non-stop transatlantic flight in an airplane (between New York City and Paris). The second solo piloting, and the first to carry a passenger, was Clarence Duncan Chamberlin on June 6, 1927. Edward R. Armstrong proposed a string of anchored \"seadromes\" to refuel planes in a crossing. The first serious attempt to take a share of the transatlantic passenger market away from the ocean liners was undertaken by Germany. In the 1930s, Germany crossed",
"psg_id": "2070299"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "Thaddeus S. C. Lowe prepared a massive balloon of called the \"City of New York\" to take off from Philadelphia in 1860, but was interrupted by the onset of the American Civil War in 1861. (The first successful transatlantic flight in a balloon was the Double Eagle II from Presque Isle, Maine, to Miserey, near Paris in 1978.) The possibility of transatlantic flight by aircraft emerged after the First World War, which had seen tremendous advances in aerial capabilities. In April 1913 the London newspaper \"The Daily Mail\" offered a prize of £10,000 (£ in ) to The competition was",
"psg_id": "3163720"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "on 21 July 1938 from Foynes to Boucherville. \"Mercury\", piloted by Captain Don Bennett, separated from her carrier at 8 pm to continue what was to become the first commercial non-stop East-to-West transatlantic flight by a heavier-than-air machine. This initial journey took 20 hrs 21 min at an average ground speed of 144 mph (232 km/h). Another technology developed for the purpose of transatlantic commercial flight, was aerial refuelling. Sir Alan Cobham developed the \"Grappled-line looped-hose\" system to stimulate the possibility for long-range transoceanic commercial aircraft flights, and publicly demonstrated it for the first time in 1935. In the system",
"psg_id": "3163740"
},
{
"title": "Solo Flight (video game)",
"text": "Solo Flight (video game) Solo Flight is a flight simulator written by Sid Meier for the Atari 8-bit family and published by MicroProse in 1983. In the UK it was published by U.S. Gold.. It was ported to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and later the IBM PC. A version for Thomson computers was published in 1985 by FIL in France with the title Volo Solo. \"Solo Flight\" consists of two parts: a pure flying simulation and a game mode called Mail Pilot. The top half of the screen shows the plane being flown in third person, while the bottom",
"psg_id": "9503152"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "has been routine, for commercial, military, diplomatic, and other purposes. Experimental flights (in balloons, small aircraft, etc.) still present challenges for transatlantic fliers. The idea of transatlantic flight came about with the advent of the balloon. The balloons of the period were inflated with coal gas, a moderate lifting medium compared to hydrogen or helium, but with enough lift to use the winds that would later be known as the Jet Stream. In 1859, John Wise built an enormous aerostat named the \"Atlantic\", intending to cross the Atlantic. The flight lasted less than a day, crash-landing in Henderson, New York.",
"psg_id": "3163719"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "primarily for use along the empire routes in Africa and Asia, but began to explore the possibility of using it for transatlantic flights from 1937. The range of the Short Empire was less than that of the equivalent US Sikorsky \"Clipper\" flying boats and as such was initially unable to provide a true trans-Atlantic service. Two boats (\"Caledonia\" and \"Cambria\") were lightened and given long range tanks to increase the aircraft's range to 3,300 miles. Meanwhile, in the US, attention was initially focused on transatlantic flight for a faster postal service between Europe and America. In 1931 W. Irving Glover,",
"psg_id": "3163736"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown",
"text": "Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight in June 1919. They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the \"Daily Mail\" prize for the first crossing of the Atlantic Ocean by aeroplane in \"less than 72 consecutive hours\". A small amount of mail was carried on the flight, making it the first transatlantic airmail flight. The two aviators were awarded the honour of Knight Commander",
"psg_id": "2356617"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "Pennfield, New Brunswick, Canada in a de Havilland Puss Moth. The first transpolar transatlantic (and transcontinental) crossing was the non-stop flight piloted by Valery Chkalov, 63 hours, 8,811 kilometers, from St. Petersburg, Russia to Vancouver, Washington, 18–20 June 1937. On 11 October 1928, Hugo Eckener, commanding the \"Graf Zeppelin\" airship as part of DELAG's operations, began the first non-stop transatlantic passenger flights, leaving Friedrichshafen, Germany, at 07:54 on 11 October 1928, and arriving at NAS Lakehurst, New Jersey, on 15 October. Thereafter, DELAG used the \"Graf Zeppelin\" on regular scheduled passenger flights across the North Atlantic, from Frankfurt-am-Main to Lakehurst.",
"psg_id": "3163731"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "cost carriers are starting to compete on this market, most importantly Norwegian Air Shuttle, WestJet and WOW Air. A total of 431 non-stop routes between North America and Europe were scheduled for summer 2017, up 84 routes from 347 in 2012 – a 24% increase. In 2016 Dr. Paul Williams of the University of Reading published a scientific study showing that transatlantic flight times are expected to change as the North Atlantic jet stream responds to global warming, with eastbound flights speeding up and westbound flights slowing down. In February 2017, Norwegian Air International announced it would start transatlantic flights",
"psg_id": "3163757"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "to bring the smaller aircraft to operational height, at which time the two aircraft would separate, the carrier aircraft returning to base while the other flew on to its destination. The Short Mayo Composite project, co-designed by Mayo and Shorts chief designer Arthur Gouge, comprised the \"Short S.21 Maia\", (\"G-ADHK\") which was a variant of the Short \"C-Class\" Empire flying-boat fitted with a trestle or pylon on the top of the fuselage to support the \"Short S.20 Mercury\"(\"G-ADHJ\"). The first successful in-flight separation of the \"Composite\" was carried out on 6 February 1938, and the first transatlantic flight was made",
"psg_id": "3163739"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "brought them down in the ocean where they were rescued. Raynham and Morgan also made an attempt on 18 May but crashed on take off due to the high fuel load. The Handley Page team was in the final stages of testing its aircraft for the flight in June, but the Vickers group was ready earlier. During 14–15 June 1919, the British aviators Alcock and Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight. During the War, Alcock resolved to fly the Atlantic, and after the war he approached the Vickers engineering and aviation firm at Weybridge, which had considered entering its",
"psg_id": "3163723"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown",
"text": "presented a handwritten note which was carried by Alcock on the flight. The note, which was valued at £1000–£1200, read as follows: Two weeks before Alcock and Brown's flight, the first transatlantic flight had been made by the NC-4, a United States Navy flying boat, commanded by Lt. Commander Albert Cushing Read, who flew from Naval Air Station Rockaway, New York to Plymouth with a crew of five, over 23 days, with six stops along the way. This flight was not eligible for the \"Daily Mail\" prize since it took more than 72 consecutive hours and also because more than",
"psg_id": "2356630"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "last eastward trip of the year left Lakehurst on 10 October; the first North Atlantic trip of 1937 ended in the Hindenburg disaster. The British rigid airship R100 also made a successful return trip from Cardington to Montreal in July–August 1930, in what was intended to be a proving flight for regularly scheduled passenger services. Following the R101 disaster in October 1930, the British rigid airship program was abandoned and the R100 scrapped, leaving DELAG as the sole remaining operator of transatlantic passenger airship flights. Although Alcock and Brown first flew across the Atlantic in 1919, it took two more",
"psg_id": "3163733"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown",
"text": "mural. A small amount of mail, 196 letters and a parcel, was carried on Alcock and Brown's flight, the first time mail was carried by air across the ocean. The government of the Dominion of Newfoundland overprinted stamps for this carriage with the inscription \"Transatlantic air post 1919\". Upon landing in Paris after his own record breaking flight in 1927, Charles Lindbergh told the crowd welcoming him that \"Alcock and Brown showed me the way!\" To mark the original transatlantic crossing, on the 1 June 1979 two Royal Air Force McDonnell Douglas Phantom FGR.2s – XV424 (of No. 56 Squadron)",
"psg_id": "2356635"
},
{
"title": "Solo Flight (video game)",
"text": "best Atari flight simulator published to date.\" \"COMPUTE!\" reviewer Arthur Leyenberger praised both the simulation and game aspects of \"Solo Flight\". Solo Flight (video game) Solo Flight is a flight simulator written by Sid Meier for the Atari 8-bit family and published by MicroProse in 1983. In the UK it was published by U.S. Gold.. It was ported to the Apple II, Commodore 64, and later the IBM PC. A version for Thomson computers was published in 1985 by FIL in France with the title Volo Solo. \"Solo Flight\" consists of two parts: a pure flying simulation and a game",
"psg_id": "9503154"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "and Paris (by Air France) to New York and Washington, and back, with flight times of around three and a half hours one-way. Since the loosening of regulations in the 1970s and 1980s, many airlines now compete across the Atlantic. In 2015, 44 million seats were offered on the transatlantic routes, an increase of 6% over the previous year. Of the 67 European airports with links to North America, the busiest was London Heathrow Airport with 231,532 weekly seats, followed by Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport with 129,831, Frankfurt Airport with 115,420, and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol with 79,611. Of the",
"psg_id": "3163755"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown",
"text": "that being taken care of by Handley-Page Victor K.2 tankers of No. 57 Squadron. XV424 today is preserved at the RAF Museum in Hendon, sporting colours of No. 56 (Fighter) Squadron, while XV486 was scrapped in 1993. Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown made the first non-stop transatlantic flight in June 1919. They flew a modified First World War Vickers Vimy bomber from St. John's, Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, County Galway, Ireland. The Secretary of State for Air, Winston Churchill, presented them with the \"Daily Mail\" prize for the first crossing of the",
"psg_id": "2356638"
},
{
"title": "First solo flight",
"text": "his ear. A successful first solo flight is an indication that the student can fly without the instructor (\"instructor-less\" flight). Hence, there is no longer a need for the shirt tail, and it is cut off by the (often) proud instructor, and sometimes displayed as a trophy. First solo flight The first solo flight of a new pilot comprises that pilot completing a take off, and usually a short flight and safe landing, by him or herself. Flying such a flight is a milestone known as soloing. Being solo pilot of an aircraft is different from most other situations in",
"psg_id": "8232615"
},
{
"title": "First solo flight",
"text": "First solo flight The first solo flight of a new pilot comprises that pilot completing a take off, and usually a short flight and safe landing, by him or herself. Flying such a flight is a milestone known as soloing. Being solo pilot of an aircraft is different from most other situations in that the pilot has not only to be able to fly and navigate the machine in a competent manner but he/she also has to be able to cope with unpredictable developments like mechanical failure, bad weather etc. on his/her own and without advice from other sources (most",
"psg_id": "8232610"
},
{
"title": "I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person",
"text": "sitting in their seats waiting for their flight to take off, the two women hold hands. I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \"Modra\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \"Modra\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker,",
"psg_id": "16430696"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "have their place in transatlantic navigation. Land-based systems such as VOR and DME, because they operate \"line of sight\", are mostly useless for ocean crossings, except in initial and final legs within about of those facilities. In the late 1950s and early 1960s an important facility for low-flying aircraft was the Radio Range. Inertial navigation systems became prominent in the 1970s. The twenty busiest commercial routes between North America and Europe (traffic traveling in both directions) in 2010 were: In September 2013, Jonathan Trappe lifted off from Caribou, Maine, United States in an attempt to make the first crossing of",
"psg_id": "3163763"
},
{
"title": "Space Cadet Solo Flight",
"text": "Hangin' On\". Space Cadet Solo Flight Space Cadet Solo Flight is the seventh studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in 1981 on the TK label. \"Space Cadet Solo Flight\" was credited only to group lead vocalist KC. Featuring more of a pop sound than the previous albums, it was not successful as the album and none of the singles released charted in the US. The album is notable for including a cover of the Supremes' 1966 hit song \"You",
"psg_id": "7370587"
},
{
"title": "Space Cadet Solo Flight",
"text": "Space Cadet Solo Flight Space Cadet Solo Flight is the seventh studio album by the funk and disco group KC and the Sunshine Band. The album was produced by Harry Wayne Casey and Richard Finch and was released in 1981 on the TK label. \"Space Cadet Solo Flight\" was credited only to group lead vocalist KC. Featuring more of a pop sound than the previous albums, it was not successful as the album and none of the singles released charted in the US. The album is notable for including a cover of the Supremes' 1966 hit song \"You Keep Me",
"psg_id": "7370586"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "engines flying transatlantic (the most common models used for transatlantic service being the Airbus A330, Boeing 767 and Boeing 777) have to be ETOPS certified. Gaps in air traffic control and radar coverage over large stretches of the Earth's oceans, as well as an absence of most types of radio navigation aids, impose a requirement for a high level of autonomy in navigation upon transatlantic flights. Aircraft must include reliable systems that can determine the aircraft's course and position with great accuracy over long distances. In addition to the traditional compass, inertials and satellite navigation systems such as GPS all",
"psg_id": "3163762"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "the second assistant postmaster, wrote an article for \"Popular Mechanics\" on the challenges and the need for a regular service. In the 1930s, under the direction of Juan Trippe, Pan American World Airways began to get interested in the feasibility of a transatlantic passenger service using seaplanes. On 5 July 1937, A.S. Wilcockson flew a Short Empire for Imperial Airways from Foynes to Botwood, Newfoundland and Harold Gray piloted a Sikorsky S-42 for Pan American in the opposite direction. Both flights were a success and both airlines made a series of subsequent proving flights that same year to test out",
"psg_id": "3163737"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "Norwegian became the largest European airline for New York, carrying 1.67 million passengers over a year, beating British Airways’s 1.63 million, while the U.S. major carriers combined transported 26.1 million transatlantic passengers. Unlike over land, transatlantic flights use standardized aircraft routes called North Atlantic Tracks (NATs). These change daily in position (although altitudes are standardized) to compensate for weather—particularly the jet stream tailwinds and headwinds, which may be substantial at cruising altitudes and have a strong influence on trip duration and fuel economy. Eastbound flights generally operate during night-time hours, while westbound flights generally operate during daytime hours, for passenger",
"psg_id": "3163760"
},
{
"title": "Second Person Singular (novel)",
"text": "Amir (under Yonathan's name) made there is a photograph of a naked woman who, he would swear, was Laila. \"Second Person Singular\" was well received, both in the Israeli and the International press. \"Second Person Singular\" has won the Bernstein Prize in 2011. It was shortlisted for the Sapir Prize in 2010. Second Person Singular (novel) Second Person Singular is a 2010 novel by the Arab Israeli writer Sayed Kashua. Kashua explores the identity of Arabs who are assimilated in Israeli culture; Arabs that speak Hebrew and had their education at Israeli institutes. \"Second Person Singular\" follows two Arab men,",
"psg_id": "17582443"
},
{
"title": "Person to Person",
"text": "interviews with George Clooney, Jon Bon Jovi, and Warren Buffett. The premiere attracted 5.9 million viewers, less than a third of the viewers watching \"American Idol\" and fewer than the 8.44 million who watched \"The Middle\"; it outrated \"One Tree Hill\" and \"Whitney\", though the latter attracted a larger share of the 18–49 audience. Had the two specially-scheduled episodes been well-received, \"Person to Person\" could have become a regularly scheduled series. The second episode aired on November 23, 2012 (Black Friday), featuring Sean Penn, Alicia Keys and Drew Brees. Person to Person Person to Person is a popular television program",
"psg_id": "6373138"
},
{
"title": "Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian",
"text": "Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian is a 1972 double album collecting many of the few recordings that captured performances by Charlie Christian. Most of the selections are from sessions with Benny Goodman's bands. Until the advent of CD, it was considered to be the definitive \"Charlie Christian\" collection On some tunes, the producers spliced various takes together to include more of Christian's solos, or to create a better overall tune. Track 1 Side 1 recorded in New York, 2 October 1939. Tracks 2 & 3 Side 1 recorded in New York",
"psg_id": "12595613"
},
{
"title": "Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian",
"text": "partial takes, and sometimes warm-ups, onto acetate discs. These two performances were culled from one such disc. Personnel (\"Charlie Christian Jammers\"): Track 7, Side 4 recorded in New York, 13 Mar 1941. Personnel (Benny Goodman and His Sextet featuring Count Basie): Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian Solo Flight: The Genius of Charlie Christian is a 1972 double album collecting many of the few recordings that captured performances by Charlie Christian. Most of the selections are from sessions with Benny Goodman's bands. Until the advent of CD, it was considered to be the definitive \"Charlie Christian\" collection On some",
"psg_id": "12595617"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "with intermediate stops at Foynes, Ireland, Botwood, Newfoundland, and Shediac, New Brunswick. Its first passenger flight was on 9 July, and this continued until the onset of the Second World War. The \"Clipper\" fleet was then pressed into military service and the flying boats were used for ferrying personnel and equipment to the European and Pacific fronts. In 1938 a Lufthansa Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor long range airliner flew non-stop from Berlin to New York and returned non-stop as a proving flight for the development of passenger carrying services. This was the first landplane to fulfil this function and marked",
"psg_id": "3163745"
},
{
"title": "The Transatlantic Review",
"text": "magazine was funded by John Quinn, who had been persuaded by Ezra Pound to give money to Ford for the publication of a literary magazine. Ernest Hemingway was the guest editor of the August 1924 edition. In 1959, Joseph F. McCrindle founded a literary magazine and named it the \"Transatlantic Review\" in honour of Ford's 1924 magazine. The Transatlantic Review The Transatlantic Review (often styled the transatlantic review) was an influential monthly literary magazine edited by Ford Madox Ford in 1924. The magazine was based in Paris but was published in London by Gerald Duckworth and Company. Although it published",
"psg_id": "15462818"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown",
"text": "a few days later by King George V. Alcock and Brown flew to Manchester on 17 July 1919, where they were given a civic reception by the Lord Mayor and Corporation, and awards to mark their achievement. Alcock was killed on 18 December 1919 when he crashed near Rouen whilst flying the new Vickers Viking amphibian to the Paris Airshow. Brown died on 4 October 1948. Two memorials commemorating the flight are sited near the landing spot in County Galway, Ireland. The first is an isolated cairn four kilometres south of Clifden on the site of Marconi's first transatlantic wireless",
"psg_id": "2356627"
},
{
"title": "First solo flight",
"text": "In the United States, for most aircraft, there is no FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) requirement for a minimum number of hours. Per FAR Part 61 SFAR 73 section 2, Robinson helicopters have a 20-hour requirement to solo. However the regulations do require that a student pilot show competency in several specific skills to include, for example, the ability to forward slip. In practice, competence is mostly a judgment call of the Certificated Flight Instructor (CFI) responsible for the student. Typically, it takes from 10 to 30 hours of flight time before a pilot has the instinctive feel of an aircraft",
"psg_id": "8232612"
},
{
"title": "First solo flight",
"text": "to be safe flying solo in other than perfect (no wind) weather. In some cases, when the student is given permission to fly alone the instructor directs the student to fly three circuits of the traffic pattern each accompanied by a full stop landing. During the first circuit, the solo, the student's Flight instructor may supervise the student's performance from the ground, paying close attention to the approach and landing. Some instructors keep a radio handy, if there is one in the aircraft, in case the student pilot should need assistance or advice. Several traditions have developed in the United",
"psg_id": "8232613"
},
{
"title": "Solo Flight (video game)",
"text": "portion contains instruments. The game allows flying by both visual flight rules and instrument flight rules. In Mail Pilot, the player delivers five bags of mail to destination airports chosen from the twenty-one airports in the game. A score is given based on navigation and time. While en route, the plane may suffer mechanical and instrument failures. Writing for \"ANALOG Computing\", editor Lee Pappas wrote, \"the graphics are somewhat rough, and the control panel is not up to what it should be (there is no stall indicator, and non-standard VORS),\" but still concluded, \"As a whole, Solo Flight is the",
"psg_id": "9503153"
},
{
"title": "Solo to Sydney",
"text": "Moth\" after his airplane. Solo to Sydney Solo to Sydney is a book by Sir Francis Chichester about his solo flight in the 1920s from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.60 Moth biplane. The book was first published in 1930 and subsequent editions have been published by Stein and Day. Chichester had relatively little flying experience when he undertook this epic voyage and the book recalls his experiences in dealing with bad weather, poor, or non-existent navigational aids and maps and his journey in general. Chichester was even more famous for his yachting achievements in a series of",
"psg_id": "14526556"
},
{
"title": "Solo to Sydney",
"text": "Solo to Sydney Solo to Sydney is a book by Sir Francis Chichester about his solo flight in the 1920s from England to Australia in a de Havilland DH.60 Moth biplane. The book was first published in 1930 and subsequent editions have been published by Stein and Day. Chichester had relatively little flying experience when he undertook this epic voyage and the book recalls his experiences in dealing with bad weather, poor, or non-existent navigational aids and maps and his journey in general. Chichester was even more famous for his yachting achievements in a series of boats he named \"Gypsy",
"psg_id": "14526555"
},
{
"title": "Make a Match",
"text": "10:30 p.m. time slot from 7 December 1954 where it was broadcast on alternate weeks until its last episode on 15 February 1955. \"House Party\" was broadcast on the other Tuesdays. Make a Match Make a Match was a Canadian game show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955. In each episode of this Montreal-produced series, a four-person panel was faced with another group of seven people which included three couples and a seventh person who was frequently disguised. The panel attempted to determine who the couples were in the seven-person group. The panel itself consisted",
"psg_id": "14790279"
},
{
"title": "Make a Match",
"text": "Make a Match Make a Match was a Canadian game show television series which aired on CBC Television from 1954 to 1955. In each episode of this Montreal-produced series, a four-person panel was faced with another group of seven people which included three couples and a seventh person who was frequently disguised. The panel attempted to determine who the couples were in the seven-person group. The panel itself consisted of male and female married people plus single people, also of each gender. This half-hour series aired Saturdays at 7:00 p.m. from 6 to 28 November 1954, moving to the Tuesday",
"psg_id": "14790278"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "a departure from the British and American reliance on seaplanes for long over-water routes. A regular Lufthansa Transatlantic service was planned but didn't start before World War II. It was from the emergency exigencies of World War II that the crossing of the Atlantic by landplane became a practical and commonplace possibility. With the Fall of France in June 1940, and the loss of much war materiel on the continent, the need for the British to purchase replacement materiel from the United States was urgent. The aircraft – such as the Lockheed Hudson – purchased in the United States by",
"psg_id": "3163746"
},
{
"title": "The Elements (Second Person album)",
"text": "The Elements (Second Person album) The Elements is a special edition Post Trip Hop album produced by Second Person for Sellaband and was released on 9 August 2007. This is the follow-up to the band's debut album, \"Chromatography\", and was written by Julia Johnson, Mark Maclaine and Álvaro López at their studio in West London, UK. This album contains an exclusive set of tracks written for \"believers\" on the online music community, Sellaband. Using the website, fans raised a total of $50,000 to fund the album and since Second Person were the first UK band to achieve this goal the",
"psg_id": "9627290"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic Records",
"text": "Geesin, and The Purple Gang, whose \"Granny Takes A Trip\" was banned by the BBC in 1967. CBS had released the extremely successful contemporary music budget sampler with The Rock Machine Turns You On in 1967. Before CBS could follow up, Transatlantic released \"Listen Here!\" early in 1968. Like 'Rock Machine' the record was priced at 14/11d (£0.75) – but Transatlantic took promotion one stage further by not only printing the track listing on the front, but also the price. The record was designed to preview not only the forthcoming Pentangle double album, but solo records by members Bert Jansch",
"psg_id": "2259300"
},
{
"title": "You Make Me Want to Make You Mine",
"text": "Female Vocal Performance\" Grammy nomination. You Make Me Want to Make You Mine \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" is a song written by Dave Loggins, and recorded by American country music artist Juice Newton. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from the album \"Old Flame\". \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" was Juice Newton's second number 1 hit on the U.S. Country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number 1 for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. In 1986, the song",
"psg_id": "14133404"
},
{
"title": "You Make Me Want to Make You Mine",
"text": "You Make Me Want to Make You Mine \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" is a song written by Dave Loggins, and recorded by American country music artist Juice Newton. It was released in June 1985 as the first single from the album \"Old Flame\". \"You Make Me Want to Make You Mine\" was Juice Newton's second number 1 hit on the U.S. Country chart as a solo artist. The single stayed at number 1 for one week and spent a total of thirteen weeks on the country chart. In 1986, the song garnered Newton her fifth \"Best",
"psg_id": "14133403"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic (Chris Potter album)",
"text": "will have their ears opened by this outstanding progressive release\". All About Jazz correspondent John Kelman observed \"\"Transatlantic\" may wax heavy on the solo front, but it's always in service of Potter's detailed charts, which demonstrate continued growth as a writer/arranger. He may largely work in small group contexts, but Transatlantic proves Potter's increasing mettle as a leader in any context, as compelling for its long-form charts as it is its ever-perfect capacity to inspire expansive but always completely relevant improvisation\". All compositions by Chris Potter Transatlantic (Chris Potter album) Transatlantic is an album by jazz saxophonist Chris Potter with",
"psg_id": "20526538"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic crossing",
"text": "first woman to accomplish this feat. On October 26, 2010, the Polish sexagenarian Aleksander Doba was the first recorded individual to complete a non-stop transatlantic crossing by kayak. He departed Dakar, Senegal and arrived in Brazil 99 days later. In 1997, the first East–West Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from the Canary Islands to the Caribbean. It now runs once every two years or so. In 2006, the first West–East North Atlantic Rowing Race took place, running from New York City to Falmouth, Cornwall in the UK. Transatlantic flight surpassed ocean liners as the predominant mode of crossing the",
"psg_id": "2070297"
},
{
"title": "Makers: Women Who Make America",
"text": "Makers: Women Who Make America Makers: Women Who Make America is a 2013 documentary film about the struggle for women's equality in the United States during the last five decades of the 20th century. The film was narrated by Meryl Streep and distributed by the Public Broadcasting Service as a three-part, three-hour television documentary in February 2013. \"Makers\" features interviews with women from all social strata, from politicians like Hillary Clinton and television stars like Ellen DeGeneres and Oprah Winfrey, to flight attendants, coal miners and phone company workers. In 2014, PBS commissioned season 2 of \"Makers: Women Who Make",
"psg_id": "16933741"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "South America and Africa. German airlines, such as \"Deutsche Luft Hansa\", experimented with mail routes over the North Atlantic in the early 1930s, with seaplanes and dirigibles. In the 1930s, a seaplane route was the only practical means of transatlantic air travel, as land-based planes lacked sufficient flying range for the crossing. An agreement between the governments of the US, Britain, Canada and the Irish Free State in 1935 set aside the Irish town of Foynes, the most westerly port in Ireland, as the terminal for all such services to be established. Imperial Airways had bought the Short Empire seaplane,",
"psg_id": "3163735"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "45 airports in North America, the busiest linked to Europe was New York John F. Kennedy International Airport with 198,442 seats, followed by Toronto Pearson International Airport with 90,982, New York Newark Liberty International Airport with 79,107, and Chicago O'Hare International Airport with 75,391 seats. Joint ventures, allowing coordination on prices, schedules, and strategy, control almost 75% of Transatlantic capacity. They are parallel to airline alliances: British Airways, Iberia and American Airlines are part of Oneworld; Lufthansa, Air Canada and United Airlines are members of Star Alliance; and Delta Air Lines, Air France, KLM and Alitalia belong to SkyTeam. Low",
"psg_id": "3163756"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "AW.23. Handley Page Harrows were used in the 1939 trials to aerial refuel the Empire flying boats for regular transatlantic crossings. From 5 August – 1 October 1939, sixteen crossings of the Atlantic were made by Empire flying boats, with fifteen crossings using FRL's aerial refueling system. After the sixteen crossings further trials were suspended due to the outbreak of World War II. The Short S.26 was built in 1939 as an enlarged Short Empire, powered by four 1,400 hp (1,044 kW) Bristol Hercules sleeve valve radial engines and designed with the capability of crossing the Atlantic without refuelling. It",
"psg_id": "3163742"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "April 1954 after four Comets crashed, the last two being BOAC aircraft at altitude. Later jet airliners including the larger and longer-range Comet 4 were designed to be fail-safe: in the event of for example a skin-failure due to cracking the damage would be localized and not catastrophic. On 4 October 1958, BOAC started transatlantic flights between London Heathrow and New York Idlewild with a Comet 4, and Pan Am followed on 26 October with a Boeing 707 service between New York and Paris. Supersonic flights on the Concorde were offered from 1976 to 2003, from London (by British Airways)",
"psg_id": "3163754"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "decades before commercial flights could become practical. The North Atlantic presented severe challenges for aviators due to weather and the long distances involved, with few stopping points. Initial transatlantic services, therefore, focused on the South Atlantic, where a number of French, German, and Italian airlines offered seaplane service for mail between South America and West Africa in the 1930s. From February 1934 to August 1939 Deutsche Lufthansa operated a regular airmail service between Natal, Brazil, and Bathurst, Gambia, continuing \"via\" the Canary Islands and Spain to Stuttgart, Germany. From December 1935, \"Air France\" opened a regular weekly airmail route between",
"psg_id": "3163734"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "Edinburgh to Stewart Airport, New York. Long-Haul low-cost carriers are emerging on the transatlantic market with 545,000 seats offered over 60 city pairs in September 2017 (a 66% growth over one year), compared to 652,000 seats over 96 pairs for Leisure airlines and 8,798,000 seats over 357 pairs for mainline carriers. LCC seat grew to 7.7% of North Atlantic seats in 2018 from 3.0% in 2016, led by Norwegian with 4.8% then WOW air with 1.6% and WestJet with 0.6%, while the three airline alliances dedicated joint ventures seat share is 72.3%, down from 79.8% in 2015. By July 2018,",
"psg_id": "3163759"
},
{
"title": "Second Person Singular (novel)",
"text": "Second Person Singular (novel) Second Person Singular is a 2010 novel by the Arab Israeli writer Sayed Kashua. Kashua explores the identity of Arabs who are assimilated in Israeli culture; Arabs that speak Hebrew and had their education at Israeli institutes. \"Second Person Singular\" follows two Arab men, a successful criminal attorney and a social worker, whose fates meet in a curious way. The lawyer has a flourishing office in West Jerusalem where he has two fellow Arabs jurists working for him: Tariq and Samaah. Tariq also works as a criminal attorney, Samaah works as his secretary. Although Samaah studied",
"psg_id": "17582438"
},
{
"title": "The Flying Irishman",
"text": "with Henry as a barn-stormer to finance a transatlantic attempt, but Henry eventually tires of the drudgery of eking out a living day to day. Doug learns about a new commercial airline route to Ireland and decides to make a solo flight to prove his qualifications. In New York, after his plane is grounded by an inspector, Doug's brother arranges a return flight to San Diego, lifting the flight ban. Once in the air, Doug instead heads off to Ireland, and, 28 hours later, makes it successfully to Dublin. When Doug rejects an airline offer of a job as vice-president",
"psg_id": "5882683"
},
{
"title": "Second Person (band)",
"text": "Second Person (band) Second Person were a British band that existed for 10 years between 2001 and 2011 and mixed influences from trip hop, jazz, hip hop and electronica to form post-trip hop. In late 2001, singer Julia Johnson and producer/bassist Mark Maclaine met, and early the following year formed the band Second Person. Drummer Álvaro López was recruited in mid-2004 to complete the final line up and their debut album \"Chromatography\" was released later that year. It went on to sell out of its initial white-label run in United Kingdom, USA and Australia through word of mouth and publicity",
"psg_id": "9177204"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "home Commands. With the entry of the United States into the War, the Atlantic Division of the United States Army Air Forces Air Transport Command began similar ferrying services to transport aircraft, supplies and passengers to the British Isles. By September 1944 British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), as Imperial Airways had by then become, had made 1,000 transatlantic crossings. After World War II long runways were available, and North American and European carriers such as Pan Am, TWA, Trans Canada Airlines (TCA), BOAC, and Air France acquired larger piston airliners that could cross the North Atlantic with stops (usually in",
"psg_id": "3163751"
},
{
"title": "Second Flight: Live at the Z7",
"text": "Second Flight: Live at the Z7 Second Flight: Live at the Z7 is the second live album by American progressive rock supergroup Flying Colors. The band recorded it on October 12, 2014 at the Z7 Konzertfabrik in Pratteln, Switzerland. Mike Portnoy chose the location because both Flying Colors and other bands of his had recorded multiple shows at the 013 in Tilburg. It was a challenging show for the band to perform because this was only the eighth show on the tour. The album title was coined by Portnoy. Bernhard Baran, who had filmed and edited Flying Colors' Live in",
"psg_id": "19160591"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic Climate Bridge",
"text": "entails cooperation between US and German officials in matters of confronting climate change. It aims to develop novel ways to reduce emissions and to improve energy efficiency. Transatlantic Climate Bridge The Transatlantic Climate Bridge is a climate partnership between Germany and the United States. The partnership was first proposed by German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in an April 2008 lecture at Harvard University. He believed that climate policy was the core of transatlantic matters. On 29 September 2008, he and German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel wrote in the \"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung\", \"Together with the United States, we can make the",
"psg_id": "15367790"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic Climate Bridge",
"text": "Transatlantic Climate Bridge The Transatlantic Climate Bridge is a climate partnership between Germany and the United States. The partnership was first proposed by German Foreign Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier in an April 2008 lecture at Harvard University. He believed that climate policy was the core of transatlantic matters. On 29 September 2008, he and German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel wrote in the \"Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung\", \"Together with the United States, we can make the technological breakthroughs required and successfully negotiate a follow-up treaty to the Kyoto Protocol. Only if we work closely with our partners on the other side of the",
"psg_id": "15367788"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "the keel walkway. The return journey to Pulham in Norfolk, England, was from 10 to 13 July and it took 75 hours. The first transpolar flight eastbound and the first flight crossing the Northpole ever, was the Norwegian explorer and pilot Roald Amundsen on 11 May 1926. He flew with the airship \"NORGE\" (\"Norway\") piloted by the Italian colonel Umberto Nobile, non-stop from Svalbard in Norway to Teller in Alaska, USA. The flight lasted for 72 hours. The first aerial crossing of the South Atlantic was made by the Portuguese naval aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral in 1922. Coutinho",
"psg_id": "3163728"
},
{
"title": "First solo flight",
"text": "air traffic controllers are not pilots and may not be contactable anyway). Depending on the country, there may be a requirement for some minimum number of training hours to have been completed by the student pilot before he or she is allowed to solo. In most countries, it is assumed that such students will be familiar with (and may have to pass an examination on) the relevant Air Laws or Regulations, and will have completed exercises in handling aircraft in normal conditions, and also what to do in the case of engine failure on takeoff, in flight, and before landing.",
"psg_id": "8232611"
},
{
"title": "First solo flight",
"text": "States around \"soloing\", including drenching the student with water and cutting off and permanently displaying the back of his or her shirt. In American aviation lore, the traditional removal of a new pilot's shirt tail is a sign of the instructor's new confidence in his student after successful completion of the first solo flight. In the days of tandem trainers, the student sat in the front seat, with the instructor behind. As there were often no radios in these early days of aviation, the instructor would tug on the student pilot's shirttail to get his attention, and then yell in",
"psg_id": "8232614"
},
{
"title": "The Elements (Second Person album)",
"text": "guest animators will also join the team for different sections of the story and the new videos are due for release throughout the remainder of 2007. The Elements (Second Person album) The Elements is a special edition Post Trip Hop album produced by Second Person for Sellaband and was released on 9 August 2007. This is the follow-up to the band's debut album, \"Chromatography\", and was written by Julia Johnson, Mark Maclaine and Álvaro López at their studio in West London, UK. This album contains an exclusive set of tracks written for \"believers\" on the online music community, Sellaband. Using",
"psg_id": "9627293"
},
{
"title": "I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person",
"text": "I Am a Good Person/I Am a Bad Person i am a good person/i am a bad person is a 2011 Canadian drama film written and directed by Ingrid Veninger. Veninger decided at short notice to make the film while on a trip to Europe to show another title, \"Modra\". The film loosely incorporates aspects of Veninger's own life; the film within a film is called \"Modra\" as is Veninger's movie in real life, Veninger herself plays the lead character who is a filmmaker, like herself, and the filmmaker's daughter, Sara, is played by Veninger's real life daughter Hallie Switzer.",
"psg_id": "16430692"
},
{
"title": "Solo: A Star Wars Story",
"text": "only $392.9 million worldwide. On the planet Corellia, orphaned children are made to steal to survive. Lovers Han and Qi'ra make an escape from a local gang. They bribe an Imperial officer with stolen coaxium, a powerful hyperspace fuel, for passage on an outgoing transport, but Qi'ra is apprehended before she can board. Han vows to return for her and joins the Imperial Navy as a flight cadet. When the recruiting officer asks for his surname, Han says he is alone with no family, so the recruiter gives him the last name \"Solo\". Three years later, Han is expelled from",
"psg_id": "19825964"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "Vickers Vimy IV twin-engined bomber in the competition but had not yet found a pilot. Alcock's enthusiasm impressed Vickers's team, and he was appointed as its pilot. Work began on converting the Vimy for the long flight, replacing its bomb racks with extra petrol tanks. Shortly afterwards Brown, who was unemployed, approached Vickers seeking a post and his knowledge of long distance navigation convinced them to take him on as Alcock's navigator. Vickers's team quickly assembled its plane and at around 1:45 p.m. on 14 June, while the Handley Page team was conducting yet another test, the Vickers plane took",
"psg_id": "3163724"
},
{
"title": "Make a Wish (Vic Chou album)",
"text": "Make a Wish (Vic Chou album) Make a Wish is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Vic Chou's, of boy band F4, debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 11 January 2002 by Sony Music Taiwan. Chou was the first of the F4 members to release a solo album. A second limited edition was released on 26 February 2002 The track, \"Make A Wish\" is listed at number 76 on Hit Fm Taiwan's \"Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart\" (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2002. The album was awarded one of the \"Top 10 Selling Mandarin Albums of the Year\" at the 2002",
"psg_id": "15474816"
},
{
"title": "Make a Wish (Vic Chou album)",
"text": "IFPI Hong Kong Album Sales Awards, presented by the Hong Kong branch of IFPI. Make a Wish (Vic Chou album) Make a Wish is Taiwanese Mandopop artist Vic Chou's, of boy band F4, debut Mandarin solo studio album. It was released on 11 January 2002 by Sony Music Taiwan. Chou was the first of the F4 members to release a solo album. A second limited edition was released on 26 February 2002 The track, \"Make A Wish\" is listed at number 76 on Hit Fm Taiwan's \"Hit Fm Annual Top 100 Singles Chart\" (Hit-Fm年度百首單曲) for 2002. The album was awarded",
"psg_id": "15474817"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic flight",
"text": "of Alcock and Brown, on 2 July 1919. Major George Herbert Scott of the Royal Air Force flew the airship R34 with his crew and passengers from RAF East Fortune, Scotland to Mineola, New York (on Long Island), covering a distance of about 3,000 statute miles (4,800 km) in about four and a half days. The flight was intended as a testing ground for postwar commercial services by airship (see Imperial Airship Scheme), and it was the first flight to transport paying passengers. The R34 wasn't built as a passenger carrier, and extra accommodation was arranged by slinging hammocks in",
"psg_id": "3163727"
},
{
"title": "And Who Will Make the Chapatis?",
"text": "And Who Will Make the Chapatis? And Who Will Make the Chapatis? is an overview of the all-women political panchayats formed in Maharashtra, India, where policy changes in the latter half of the 20th century explicitly created space for women in local, rural government, and gave their governing bodies funds and a mandate to oversee certain local works. The book, first published in 1998, includes reports from the field by Meenakshi Shedde, Sonali Sathaye, Sharmila Joshi, and Bishakha Datta, and was edited by Datta. A second print run was produced in 2001. The book is regularly cited as a detailed",
"psg_id": "14436369"
},
{
"title": "And Who Will Make the Chapatis?",
"text": "Bhende Khurd that were active at the time of publication. And Who Will Make the Chapatis? And Who Will Make the Chapatis? is an overview of the all-women political panchayats formed in Maharashtra, India, where policy changes in the latter half of the 20th century explicitly created space for women in local, rural government, and gave their governing bodies funds and a mandate to oversee certain local works. The book, first published in 1998, includes reports from the field by Meenakshi Shedde, Sonali Sathaye, Sharmila Joshi, and Bishakha Datta, and was edited by Datta. A second print run was produced",
"psg_id": "14436371"
},
{
"title": "George E. A. Hallett",
"text": "George E. A. Hallett Colonel George Eustace Amyot Hallett (May 9, 1890 – June 2, 1982) was a pioneer aviator. He and John Cyril Porte planned to make the first transatlantic flight. They were going to use a flying boat commissioned by Rodman Wanamaker, but were prevented by the start of World War I. In 1919 the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown set the record that they hoped to achieve. He was born on May 9, 1890 in Cheltenham, England to Marmaduke James Hallett (1854-1928) of England and Alida Clara Bealy (1858-1939) of Christchurch, New Zealand. He had a",
"psg_id": "15536366"
},
{
"title": "George E. A. Hallett",
"text": "Wanamaker's \"America\" flying boat. He died on June 2, 1982 in San Diego, California. His papers are archived at the San Diego Air and Space Museum. George E. A. Hallett Colonel George Eustace Amyot Hallett (May 9, 1890 – June 2, 1982) was a pioneer aviator. He and John Cyril Porte planned to make the first transatlantic flight. They were going to use a flying boat commissioned by Rodman Wanamaker, but were prevented by the start of World War I. In 1919 the transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown set the record that they hoped to achieve. He was born",
"psg_id": "15536368"
},
{
"title": "Second Person (band)",
"text": "of big change in the music industry, and although sometimes scary, it also allowed us to do things our own way. Something that kept us going was the support and love of a core group of dedicated fans. You are those people and we wanted to thank you for being there for us.\" Second Person (band) Second Person were a British band that existed for 10 years between 2001 and 2011 and mixed influences from trip hop, jazz, hip hop and electronica to form post-trip hop. In late 2001, singer Julia Johnson and producer/bassist Mark Maclaine met, and early the",
"psg_id": "9177208"
},
{
"title": "A Flight to Remember",
"text": "A Flight to Remember \"A Flight to Remember\" is episode ten in the first production season of \"Futurama\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 26, 1999, as the first episode in the second season. This episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Peter Avanzino. Dawnn Lewis guest stars in this episode as LaBarbara Conrad. The episode is a direct parody of the 1997 film \"Titanic\", while the title is a reference to Walter Lord's non-fiction book about the Titanic disaster \"A Night to Remember\". Fry, Leela, and Bender hand their resignations",
"psg_id": "6606032"
},
{
"title": "KLM Flight 607-E",
"text": "KLM Flight 607-E KLM Flight 607-E, a Lockheed Super Constellation named \"Hugo de Groot\" and registered was an international scheduled flight that crashed west of Shannon, Ireland on 14 August 1958. All ninety-one passengers and eight crew died in the accident, including six members of the Egyptian fencing team (Osman Abdel Hafeez, Mohamed Ali Riad, Ahmed Sabry, et al.). The \"E\" in the flight number stood for the designation of being an extra economy class flight to match the increased seasonal tourist demand. Flight 607-E departed Shannon at 3:05 UTC on the second leg of a transatlantic trip from Amsterdam",
"psg_id": "8195530"
},
{
"title": "A Flight to Remember",
"text": "used it in later episodes. Recurring characters Leo and Inez Wong, and LaBarbara Conrad were first introduced in the episode. A Flight to Remember \"A Flight to Remember\" is episode ten in the first production season of \"Futurama\". It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on September 26, 1999, as the first episode in the second season. This episode was written by Eric Horsted and directed by Peter Avanzino. Dawnn Lewis guest stars in this episode as LaBarbara Conrad. The episode is a direct parody of the 1997 film \"Titanic\", while the title is a reference",
"psg_id": "6606038"
},
{
"title": "The Flight Across the Ocean",
"text": "(1987) The Flight Across the Ocean The Flight across the Ocean () is a \"Lehrstück\" by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, inspired by \"We\", Charles Lindbergh's 1927 account of his transatlantic flight. Written for the Baden-Baden Music Festival, it was originally entitled \"Lindbergh's Flight\" (\"Der Lindberghflug\") and premiered in 1929 with music by Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in a broadcast by the Frankfurter Rundfunk-Symphonie-Orchester under the direction of Hermann Scherchen and produced by Ernst Hardt. Shortly afterwards, Weill replaced the Hindemith sections with his own music and this new version (described as a 'cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra')",
"psg_id": "10747476"
},
{
"title": "The Flight Across the Ocean",
"text": "The Flight Across the Ocean The Flight across the Ocean () is a \"Lehrstück\" by the German dramatist Bertolt Brecht, inspired by \"We\", Charles Lindbergh's 1927 account of his transatlantic flight. Written for the Baden-Baden Music Festival, it was originally entitled \"Lindbergh's Flight\" (\"Der Lindberghflug\") and premiered in 1929 with music by Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in a broadcast by the Frankfurter Rundfunk-Symphonie-Orchester under the direction of Hermann Scherchen and produced by Ernst Hardt. Shortly afterwards, Weill replaced the Hindemith sections with his own music and this new version (described as a 'cantata for soloists, chorus and orchestra') opened",
"psg_id": "10747474"
},
{
"title": "Person to Person (film)",
"text": "Person to Person (film) Person to Person is an American drama film directed and written by Dustin Guy Defa. The film stars Michael Cera, Tavi Gevinson, and Abbi Jacobson. The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 20, 2017. It was released on July 28, 2017, by Magnolia Pictures. During a day in New York City, a reporter trains a new employee while covering a story about a possible murder where a watch repairman may have important information; a record collector finds a rare piece of vinyl; two brothers track down their sister's ex-boyfriend who",
"psg_id": "19191299"
},
{
"title": "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening",
"text": "Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee Around a Pomegranate a Second Before Awakening (1944) is a surrealist painting by Salvador Dalí. A short, alternate title for the painting is Dream Caused by the Flight of a Bee. It was painted in 1944, while Dalí and his wife, Gala, were living in America. In this \"hand-painted dream photograph\", as Dalí generally called his paintings, there is a seascape of distant horizons and calm waters, perhaps Port Lligat, amidst which Gala is the subject of",
"psg_id": "3396774"
},
{
"title": "The Transatlantic Review",
"text": "The Transatlantic Review The Transatlantic Review (often styled the transatlantic review) was an influential monthly literary magazine edited by Ford Madox Ford in 1924. The magazine was based in Paris but was published in London by Gerald Duckworth and Company. Although it published only 12 issues—one in each month in 1924—the magazine had an influential impact on early 20th-century English literature by publishing works such as an early extract from James Joyce's \"Finnegans Wake\". The magazine also contained works by Djuna Barnes, Jean Cassou, Hilda Doolittle, Ernest Hemingway, Selma Lagerlof, Jean Rhys, Gertrude Stein, and Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. The",
"psg_id": "15462817"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic crossing",
"text": "optic cable, TAT-8, was installed in 1988. The exchange rate between the United States dollar and British pound is still colloquially known as \"cable\" by financial marketeers, from the early use of the transatlantic cable for this purpose. Transatlantic radio communication was first accomplished on December 12, 1901 by Guglielmo Marconi who, using a temporary receiving station at Signal Hill, Newfoundland, received a Morse code signal representing the letter \"S\" sent from Poldhu, in Cornwall, United Kingdom. Guglielmo Marconi initiated commercial transatlantic radio communications between his high power long wave wireless telegraphy stations in Clifden Ireland and Glace Bay, Nova",
"psg_id": "2070304"
},
{
"title": "A Chance to Make History",
"text": "A Chance to Make History A Chance to Make History: What Works and What Doesn't in Providing an Excellent Education for All () is a book by Wendy Kopp, CEO and Founder of Teach For America, that was published by PublicAffairs in January 2011. In \"A Chance to Make History\", Kopp draws on examples of effective teachers, schools, and districts to demonstrate what she believes is needed to provide all children with a \"transformational\" education. \"A Chance to Make History\" is the second book by Wendy Kopp. Her first book, titled \"One Day, All Children: The Unlikely Triumph of Teach",
"psg_id": "15478204"
},
{
"title": "Right to Make Transmittable",
"text": "who infringes the right pursuant to Article 709 of the Civil Code of Japan, a provision of tort. Unauthorized use of other's work is to obtain profit without any legitimate reason and the holder of the right to make transmittable may make a claim for unjust enrichment pursuant to Article 703 of the Civil Code of Japan. The person who infringes the right to make transmittable shall be punishable by imprisonment with work for a term not more than ten years or by a fine of not more than ten million Yen, or by both. As mentioned above, under the",
"psg_id": "15338120"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic crossing",
"text": "transatlantic radio communication between the UK to Canada using his \"Beam Wireless Service\" which went into commercial operation on 25 October 1926. Shortwave radio vastly increased the speed and capacity of transatlantic communications at dramatically reduced cost compared to telegraph cable and long wave radio. Telstar was the first communications satellite to provide commercial transatlantic communications. It was launched by on July 10, 1962, the first privately sponsored space launch. Communications satellites vastly increased the speed and quality of transatlantic communication, but transatlantic fiber optic cables have carried the vast majority of transatlantic communications traffic since the early 1990s. The",
"psg_id": "2070306"
},
{
"title": "Lithuanians in Ireland",
"text": "Vaitkus, the sixth person who had a successful flight over Atlantic Ocean with a single engine single seat fixed-wing aircraft, landed in Ireland. Vaitkus flew his transatlantic flight with \"Lituanica II\". Vaitkus had to fight the worst possible weather conditions and was helped considerably by hourly broadcasts from an Irish radio station. He learned that Dublin was fogged in, as well as all areas heading east as far as the Baltic Sea. He knew that he could not make it to Kaunas due to his low fuel supply, and being exhausted after a 23-hour struggle fighting the elements, he felt",
"psg_id": "7364233"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic crossing",
"text": "have largely taken over on transatlantic routes from quad-engine jets, whilst the supersonic Concorde was ultimately doomed by its high running costs, leading to its retirement in 2003. Transatlantic cables are cables that have been laid along the ocean floor to connect North America and Europe. Before the advent of radio, the only means of communication across the Atlantic Ocean was to physically connect the continents with a transatlantic telegraph cable, the first of which was installed from Valentia, Ireland to Heart's Content, Newfoundland in 1858. The first transatlantic telephone cable, TAT-1, was installed in 1955. The first transatlantic fiber",
"psg_id": "2070303"
},
{
"title": "Transatlantic Records",
"text": "Transatlantic Records Transatlantic Records was a British independent record label. The company was established in 1961, primarily as an importer of American folk, blues and jazz records by many of the artists who influenced the burgeoning British folk and blues boom. Within a few years, the company had started recording British artists. The company's philosophy was intentionally eclectic. The label was founded by Englishman Nat Joseph who started the company at the age of 21 after visiting the US and realizing that there was a wealth of music that was not being made available in the UK to British music",
"psg_id": "2259296"
},
{
"title": "Pan Am Flight 103",
"text": "the Boeing 747, which was cut into several pieces to assist in removal from Tundergarth Hill. Pan Am Flight 103 Pan Am Flight 103 was a regularly scheduled Pan Am transatlantic flight from Frankfurt to Detroit via London and New York. On 21 December 1988, N739PA, the aircraft operating the transatlantic leg of the route was destroyed by a bomb, killing all 243 passengers and 16 crew – a disaster known as the Lockerbie bombing. Large sections of the aircraft crashed onto residential areas of Lockerbie, Scotland, killing 11 people on the ground. Following a three-year joint investigation by Dumfries",
"psg_id": "7956887"
},
{
"title": "Atlantic Flight",
"text": "the weekend after shooting wrapped. Merrill made two more transatlantic flights, the last of these, on May 14, 1937, set the new record at 24 hours, 25 seconds. Strictly a \"B\" feature, the \"Atlantic Flight\" is best considered a historical record, with a great deal of aviation footage of the period to commend it. Atlantic Flight Atlantic Flight is a 1937 film made by Monogram Pictures chiefs Trem Carr and W. Ray Johnston who had just reformed the studio after having had a troubled merger for two years with Herbert J. Yates and Republic Pictures. This film was conceived as",
"psg_id": "15201171"
},
{
"title": "Second Flight: Live at the Z7",
"text": "and applying it to all the tracks of Second Flight: Live at the Z7. Mouser spent 34 days creating four separate mixes and 10 separate masters, and then mastered each recording. Three live music videos were released at 4K resolution: “Mask Machine”, \"Kayla\", and \"Bombs Away.\" Second Flight: Live at the Z7 Second Flight: Live at the Z7 is the second live album by American progressive rock supergroup Flying Colors. The band recorded it on October 12, 2014 at the Z7 Konzertfabrik in Pratteln, Switzerland. Mike Portnoy chose the location because both Flying Colors and other bands of his had",
"psg_id": "19160595"
},
{
"title": "Floyd Bennett Field",
"text": "would not be complete until 1932 and would cost $4.5 million. Floyd Bennett Field was formally dedicated again on May 23, 1931, upon its official completion. At the time, the Administration Building was almost finished, and the United States Navy was to occupy part of the airfield. The dedication was attended by 25,000 people, including Chamberlain; Byrd; Captain John H. Towers, who flew the first transatlantic flight; F. Trubee Davison, the assistant United States Secretary of the Army for Aviation; and Colonel Charles Lindbergh, who flew the first solo transatlantic flight. Many of the attendees were also there to view",
"psg_id": "2114351"
}
] | [
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who was the third wife of the leader of china's long march? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "drive the Kuomintang out of Mainland China to the island of Taiwan. Since the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the Long March has been glorified as an example of the Communist Party's strength and resilience. The Long March solidified Mao's status as the undisputed leader of the CPC. Other participants in the March also went on to become prominent party leaders, including Zhu De, Lin Biao, Liu Shaoqi, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying, Li Xiannian, Yang Shangkun, Zhou Enlai and Deng Xiaoping. The Chinese government produced a movie in 2006, \"My Long March\", relating personal experiences of",
"psg_id": "658425"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "was replaced by Zhang). This marked Mao's position as the pre-eminent leader of the Party, with Zhou in a position second to Mao. Both Mao and Zhou would retain their positions until their deaths, in 1976. While costly, the Long March gave the Communist Party of China (CCP) the isolation it needed, allowing its army to recuperate and rebuild in the north of China. It also was vital in helping the CCP to gain a positive reputation among the peasants due to the determination and dedication of the surviving participants of the Long March. Mao wrote in 1935: The Long",
"psg_id": "658422"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "never served as Chairman or General Secretary, his highest post being Chairman of the CPC Central Military Commission. References for when the individuals were elected to the office of CPC leader, the name of the offices and when they established and were abolished are found below: Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \"by right of office\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's",
"psg_id": "9821558"
},
{
"title": "The long march through the institutions",
"text": "wrote The long march through the institutions The long march through the institutions () is a slogan coined by student activist Rudi Dutschke to describe his strategy for establishing the conditions for revolution: subverting society by infiltrating institutions such as the professions. The phrase \"long march\" is a reference to the prolonged struggle of the Chinese communists, which included a physical Long March of their army across China. The main influence on Dutschke's thinking is commonly thought to be the work of Italian communist Antonio Gramsci who, while imprisoned by Mussolini, wrote about cultural hegemony and the need for a",
"psg_id": "19126743"
},
{
"title": "The long march through the institutions",
"text": "The long march through the institutions The long march through the institutions () is a slogan coined by student activist Rudi Dutschke to describe his strategy for establishing the conditions for revolution: subverting society by infiltrating institutions such as the professions. The phrase \"long march\" is a reference to the prolonged struggle of the Chinese communists, which included a physical Long March of their army across China. The main influence on Dutschke's thinking is commonly thought to be the work of Italian communist Antonio Gramsci who, while imprisoned by Mussolini, wrote about cultural hegemony and the need for a \"war",
"psg_id": "19126741"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "Leader of the Communist Party of China The leader, now officially the General Secretary of the Central Committee (CC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC), is \"by right of office\" the Chairman of the Central Military Commission and the President of the People's Republic of China. Since its formation in 1921, the leader's post has been titled as Secretary of the Central Bureau (1921–1922), Chairman (1922–1925, 1928–1931, and 1943–1982), and General Secretary (1925–1928, 1931–1943, and 1982 onwards). By custom the party leader has either been elected by the Central Committee or the Central Politburo. There were several name changes",
"psg_id": "9821555"
},
{
"title": "Long March 2C",
"text": "Long March 2C Long March 2C (LM-2C), or Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C) as in Chinese pinyin is a member of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. This vehicle was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, and the first launch occurred on September 9, 1982. It is a two-stage launch vehicle with storable propellants, consisting of Nitrogen Tetroxide and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine. The rocket was derived from the Long March 2A launch vehicle. Several variants of this launch vehicle have been built, all using an optional third solid",
"psg_id": "6567729"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "of the central government of China to penetrate and destabilize the local Han warlords such as Liu Wenhui. The Chinese government sought to exercise full control over frontier areas against the warlords. Liu had refused to do battle with the Red Army, to save his own military from destruction. The Consolatory Commission forces were used to battle the Communist Red Army, but were defeated when their religious leader was captured by Communist forces. Communist forces on the Long March clashed against Kham rebels in the 1934 Khamba Rebellion, who were fleeing from Tibetan government forces. In June–July 1935, the troops",
"psg_id": "658413"
},
{
"title": "Long March 3",
"text": "Long March 3 The Long March 3 (), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by the more powerful Long March 3A, which has an improved third stage. On January 29, 1984, a LM-3 rocket failed during launch. The third stage failed 4 s after restart for GTO insertion of the satellite, due to incorrect",
"psg_id": "5151212"
},
{
"title": "Long March 2",
"text": "design was adopted as the Long March 3. Long March 2 Long March 2 rocket family or Chang Zheng 2 rocket family as in Chinese pinyin is an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. The rockets use the abbreviations LM-2 family for export, and CZ-2 family within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese pinyin. They are part of the larger Long March rocket family. Development and design falls mostly under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). Long March 2 was the original model in the Long March 2",
"psg_id": "6216890"
},
{
"title": "Long March 2",
"text": "Long March 2 Long March 2 rocket family or Chang Zheng 2 rocket family as in Chinese pinyin is an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. The rockets use the abbreviations LM-2 family for export, and CZ-2 family within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese pinyin. They are part of the larger Long March rocket family. Development and design falls mostly under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). Long March 2 was the original model in the Long March 2 rocket family, which was derived from China's first",
"psg_id": "6216886"
},
{
"title": "Long March 5",
"text": "Long March 5 Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is a Chinese heavy lift launch system developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). CZ-5 is the first Chinese vehicle with a new design focusing on liquid rocket propellants from the ground up. Currently, two CZ-5 vehicle configurations are planned for different missions, with a maximum payload capacity of ~ to LEO and ~ to GTO. The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American EELV heavy-class vehicles such as the Delta IV Heavy. The CZ-5's maiden launch successfully occurred on 3 November 2016, from the",
"psg_id": "6257335"
},
{
"title": "Long March 5",
"text": "and CZ-7 family launch vehicles. Long March 5 Long March 5 (LM-5, CZ-5, or Changzheng 5) is a Chinese heavy lift launch system developed by China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT). CZ-5 is the first Chinese vehicle with a new design focusing on liquid rocket propellants from the ground up. Currently, two CZ-5 vehicle configurations are planned for different missions, with a maximum payload capacity of ~ to LEO and ~ to GTO. The Long March 5 roughly matches the capabilities of American EELV heavy-class vehicles such as the Delta IV Heavy. The CZ-5's maiden launch successfully occurred on",
"psg_id": "6257345"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Changed China",
"text": "The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin by Robert Lawrence Kuhn was published in 2005, in English and Chinese. It has generated both attention and controversy. It was published worldwide except in China by Random House imprints (Crown Publishers in English, Random House Kodansha in Japanese, Random House JoongAng in Korean). In China, it was published under the title \"Ta Gai Bian Le Zhong Guo: Jiang Zemin Zhuan\" (《他改变了中国：江泽民传》, literal translation \"He Changed China: The Biography of Jiang Zemin\") by Shanghai Century",
"psg_id": "9731180"
},
{
"title": "Long March 6",
"text": "Long March 6 The Long March 6 () or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, which was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and the Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology. The rocket was developed in the 2000s, and made its maiden flight in 2015. As one of the new generation rocket family, the Long March 6 was designed to be a light capacity, \"high-speed response\" rocket, complementing the heavy lift Long March 5 and the mid-heavy lift Long",
"psg_id": "13772158"
},
{
"title": "The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife",
"text": "The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife is a 1991 British feature-length documentary film set during the final days of the apartheid regime in South Africa, particularly centring on Eugène Terre'Blanche, founder and leader of the far-right Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. The film was directed by Nick Broomfield and released in 1991. It received an average of 2.3 million viewers during its screening on Channel 4. A year later it was the subject of legal action brought by the journalist, Jani Allan, in what has been described as \"the libel case of the",
"psg_id": "4709871"
},
{
"title": "The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife",
"text": "documentary that spawned the libel suit. The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife is a 1991 British feature-length documentary film set during the final days of the apartheid regime in South Africa, particularly centring on Eugène Terre'Blanche, founder and leader of the far-right Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging. The film was directed by Nick Broomfield and released in 1991. It received an average of 2.3 million viewers during its screening on Channel 4. A year later it was the subject of legal action brought by the journalist, Jani Allan, in what has been described",
"psg_id": "4709883"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "was completed by only about one-tenth of the force that left Jiangxi, would come to represent a significant episode in the history of the Communist Party of China, and would seal the personal prestige of Mao Zedong and his supporters as the new leaders of the party in the following decades. Although the literal translation of the Chinese \"Cháng Zhēng\" is \"Long March\", official publications of the People's Republic of China refer to it as \"The Long March of the Red Army\" (Chinese traditional: 紅軍長征, Chinese simplified: 红军长征, pinyin: Hóngjūn Chángzhēng). The Long March most commonly refers to the transfer",
"psg_id": "658382"
},
{
"title": "Long March 7",
"text": "Long March 7 The Long March 7 (), or Chang Zheng 7 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-7 for export or CZ-7 within China, originally Long March 2F/H or Chang Zheng 2F/H, is a Chinese liquid-fuelled carrier rocket of the Long March family, developed by the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. It made its inaugural flight on June 25, 2016. Designed as a replacement of the Long March 2F, Long March 7 and its variants are expected to be the workhorse of the fleet, eventually accounting for around 70% of all Chinese launches. Long March 7 will also play a",
"psg_id": "14457343"
},
{
"title": "President of the People's Republic of China",
"text": "the legislature, and is not legally vested to take executive action on its own prerogative. The current President is Xi Jinping, who took office in March 2013. Since 1993, apart from brief periods of transition, the top leader of China simultaneously serves as the President, the leader of the party, and the commander-in-chief of the military (as Chairman of the Central Military Commission). This individual then carries out different duties under separate titles. For example, the leader meets foreign dignitaries and receives ambassadors in his capacity as President, issues military directives as Chairman of the Central Military Commission, and upholds",
"psg_id": "19013384"
},
{
"title": "Mariamne (third wife of Herod)",
"text": "Mariamne (third wife of Herod) Mariamne II was the third wife of Herod the Great. She was the daughter of Simon Boethus the High Priest. Josephus recounts their wedding thus: There was one Simon, a citizen of Jerusalem, the son of one Boethus, a citizen of Alexandria, and a priest of great note there; this man had a daughter, who was esteemed the most beautiful woman of that time; and when the people of Jerusalem began to speak much in her commendation, it happened that Herod was much affected with what was said of her; and when he saw the",
"psg_id": "9758926"
},
{
"title": "Long March (rocket family)",
"text": "12,000 kilograms (CZ-3B), the maximum payload for GTO is 5,500 kg (CZ-3B/E). The next generation rocketLong March 5 variants will offer more payload in the future. Long March 1's 1st and 2nd stage uses nitric acid and UDMH propellants, and its upper stage uses a spin-stabilized solid rocket engine. Long March 2, Long March 3, Long March 4, the main stages and associated liquid rocket boosters use dinitrogen tetroxide as the oxidizing agent and UDMH as the fuel. The upper stages (third stage) of Long March 3 rockets use YF-73 and YF-75 engines, using Liquid hydrogen (LH) as the fuel",
"psg_id": "664026"
},
{
"title": "China Syndrome (The King of Queens)",
"text": "China Syndrome (The King of Queens) \"China Syndrome\" is the series finale of the long-running American sitcom \"The King of Queens\". The finale has the length of two regular episodes, being counted as the twelfth and thirteenth episodes of the ninth season, running about 45 minutes without commercials. It was taped March 15, 2007; it originally aired on May 14, 2007. After Doug learns that his wife Carrie has not given up the apartment in Manhattan as she promised, though he quit his job as an IPS driver for a job as a salesperson, which she requested that he do,",
"psg_id": "10800444"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "the Long March. The figure of 25,000 li (12,500 kilometres or about 8,000 miles) was Mao's estimate, quoted by his biographer Edgar Snow in \"Red Star Over China\", published not long after the end of the Long March in 1938. In 2003, two British researchers, Ed Jocelyn and Andrew McEwen, retraced the route in 384 days, and in their 2006 book \"The Long March\" estimated the March actually covered about 6,000 km (3,700 miles). Jocelyn and McEwen conclude in their book that \"Mao and his followers twisted the tale of the Long March for their own ends. Mao's role was",
"psg_id": "658427"
},
{
"title": "Long March (rocket family)",
"text": "Long March 3B rocket, was successfully conducted on July 5, 2007. A Chinese Long March 2D launched Venezuela's VRSS-1 (Venezuelan Remote Sensing Satellite 1) \"Francisco de Miranda\" on September 29, 2012. Long March (rocket family) A Long March rocket () or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese",
"psg_id": "664034"
},
{
"title": "Long March (rocket family)",
"text": "Long March (rocket family) A Long March rocket () or Changzheng rocket in Chinese pinyin is any rocket in a family of expendable launch systems operated by the People's Republic of China. Development and design falls under the auspices of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. In English, the rockets are abbreviated as LM- for export and CZ- within China, as \"Chang Zheng\" means \"Long March\" in Chinese pinyin. The rockets are named after the Long March of Chinese communist history. China used the Long March 1 rocket to launch its first satellite, Dong Fang Hong 1 (lit. \"The",
"psg_id": "664019"
},
{
"title": "Long March 2C",
"text": "motor stage: On August 18, 2011, a Long March 2C rocket failed during the launch of the Shijian 11-04 satellite. During the powered flight phase of the second stage, the connecting mechanism between vernier engine no.3 and the servo-control mechanism of the second stage failed, which led to loss of attitude control on the second stage. Long March 2C Long March 2C (LM-2C), or Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C) as in Chinese pinyin is a member of the Long March 2 rocket family, an expendable launch system operated by the People's Republic of China. This vehicle was developed by the China",
"psg_id": "6567730"
},
{
"title": "Long March 3",
"text": "failed during launch. The third-stage engine shut down roughly 40 s earlier than planned because of a fire in the LH2 injector of the gas generator. Insufficient purging had permitted oxygen to freeze in the gas generator during flight. Long March 3 The Long March 3 (), also known as the Changzheng 3, CZ-3 and LM-3, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 3 at the Xichang Satellite Launch Center. It was a 3-stage rocket, and was mostly used to place DFH-2-class communications satellites into geosynchronous transfer orbits. It was complemented and later replaced by",
"psg_id": "5151214"
},
{
"title": "The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife",
"text": "summer\". In 2006, Broomfield released a follow-up, \"His Big White Self\". Throughout the film, Broomfield attempts to set up an interview with Terre'Blanche, who stubbornly breaks all of the plans he makes with him. For the majority of the film where Broomfield is unable to get an interview with the leader himself, his attention is drawn to the driver and his wife (JP and Anita Meyer), hence the title (which alludes to the title of Peter Greenaway's 1989 film \"The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover\"). Broomfield also spent time with a town councillor and diamond mine owner",
"psg_id": "4709872"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "Long March The Long March (October 1934 – October 1935) was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China, the forerunner of the People's Liberation Army, to evade the pursuit of the Kuomintang (KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party) army. There was not one Long March, but a series of marches, as various Communist armies in the south escaped to the north and west. The best known is the march from Jiangxi province which began in October 1934. The First Front Army of the Chinese Soviet Republic, led by an inexperienced military commission, was on",
"psg_id": "658380"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "until Mao Zedong finally formalised the office of Chairman of the Central Committee. Since 1982, the CPC National Congress and its 1st CC Plenary Session has been main the institutional setting in which the CPC leadership are elected. From 1992 onwards every party leader has been elected by a 1st CC Plenary Session. In the period 1928–45 the CPC leader was elected by conference, meetings of the Central Committee or by decisions of the Politburo. The last exception to this rule is Jiang Zemin, who was elected at the 4th Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee in the aftermath",
"psg_id": "9821556"
},
{
"title": "The Adventures of Mao on the Long March",
"text": "The Adventures of Mao on the Long March The Adventures of Mao on the Long March is Frederic Tuten's first published novel. The novel is a fictionalized account of Chairman Mao's rise to power, and is highly experimental in nature, including extensive use of parody and collage. The novel has no linear plot, and is mostly composed of an elaborate arrangement of disparate elements. The novel presents a seemingly straightforward history of the Long March, as well as a fictionalized interview with Mao and several more conventional \"novelistic\" scenes with Mao as the main character. The novel also includes a",
"psg_id": "10462955"
},
{
"title": "March of the Volunteers",
"text": "over the third line, \"The Chinese people face their greatest peril\", so the writer Guo Moruo changed it for the event to \"The Chinese people have come to their moment of emancipation\". The song was personally performed by Paul Robeson. In June, a committee was set up by the Communist Party of China to decide on an official national anthem for the soon-to-be declared People's Republic of China. By the end of August, the committee had received 632 entries totaling 694 different sets of scores and lyrics. The \"March of the Volunteers\" was suggested by the painter Xu Beihong and",
"psg_id": "776282"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Changed China",
"text": "upfront \"Publisher's Note,\" that \"Certain viewpoints and opinions of the author, as a Westerner, bear a definite distance from those of our own. Hopefully the reader will understand.\" When asked his own opinion of Kuhn's biography, Jiang Zemin told his close friend, Shen Yongyan (a primary source in the book), who then told the Chinese media that Jiang said: “He [Kuhn] wrote objectively; he didn’t try to beautify me. But he got my wedding date wrong.” The Man Who Changed China The Man Who Changed China: The Life and Legacy of Jiang Zemin a biography of former Chinese leader Jiang",
"psg_id": "9731186"
},
{
"title": "Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China",
"text": "an enormous fall-off in surviving children born during the Great Leap Forward as well as an equally large surge afterwards. Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China The Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (PRC), also referred to as the 1982 Chinese Census, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1982. A summary of the results were issued by the State Security Bureau and reported in the \"People's Daily\" on October 27, 1982. Preparations for the census were begun in 1976, with fact-finding missions sent",
"psg_id": "16398588"
},
{
"title": "Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China",
"text": "Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China The Third National Population Census of the People's Republic of China (PRC), also referred to as the 1982 Chinese Census, was conducted by the People's Republic of China with a zero hour of 1 July 1982. A summary of the results were issued by the State Security Bureau and reported in the \"People's Daily\" on October 27, 1982. Preparations for the census were begun in 1976, with fact-finding missions sent to the United States and Japan to review their methods. Computers were installed in every provincial capital except Tibet; these",
"psg_id": "16398581"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Band",
"text": "Leader of the Band \"Leader of the Band\" is a song written by Dan Fogelberg from his 1981 album \"The Innocent Age\". The song was written as a tribute to his father, Lawrence Fogelberg, a musician and the leader of a band, who was still alive at the time the song was released. Lawrence died in August 1982, but not before this hit song made him a celebrity with numerous media interviews interested in him as its inspiration. Released as a single at the end of 1981, the tribute peaked at #9 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart in March",
"psg_id": "9712985"
},
{
"title": "History of the People's Republic of China (1976–1989)",
"text": "Korea by China over the years was being spent on statues and monuments honoring Kim. He suggested that they might be better served using that aid to improve their people's living standards. The North Koreans appeared to have gotten the message, for the gold plating was quietly scraped off the Kim statue in Pyongyang afterwards. Trying to crawl out of its international isolation, China mended fences with Yugoslavian leader Josip Tito, who visited Beijing in May 1977 after having been long denounced as a revisionist traitor. In October 1978, Deng Xiaoping visited Japan and concluded a peace treaty with that",
"psg_id": "3004258"
},
{
"title": "The Long March (novel)",
"text": "has identified himself.\" The Long March (novel) The Long March is a novella by William Styron, first published serially in 1952 in \"Discovery\". and by Random House as a Modern Library Paperback in 1956. It tells of an overnight thirty-six mile forced march back to base at a US Marine training camp in the Carolinas, the chief protagonists being ageing reservists Lieutenant Culver and his friend Captain Mannix, who have been called up due to the threat of the Korean War. Eight of their colleagues had, earlier that day, been killed by misfired mortar shells, adding to the absurdity of",
"psg_id": "18900653"
},
{
"title": "The Long March (novel)",
"text": "The Long March (novel) The Long March is a novella by William Styron, first published serially in 1952 in \"Discovery\". and by Random House as a Modern Library Paperback in 1956. It tells of an overnight thirty-six mile forced march back to base at a US Marine training camp in the Carolinas, the chief protagonists being ageing reservists Lieutenant Culver and his friend Captain Mannix, who have been called up due to the threat of the Korean War. Eight of their colleagues had, earlier that day, been killed by misfired mortar shells, adding to the absurdity of their ordeal... Styron",
"psg_id": "18900651"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Labour Party (UK)",
"text": "and 2005, and Harold Wilson, who won three general elections out of five contested, in 1964, 1966 and October 1974. Unlike other British political party leaders, the Labour Leader does not have the power to dismiss or appoint their Deputy. Both the Leader and Deputy Leader are elected by an Alternative Vote system. From 1980 to 2014 an electoral college was used, with a third of the votes allocated to the Party's MPs and MEPs, a third to individual members of the Labour Party, and a third to individual members of all affiliated organisations, including socialist societies and trade unions.",
"psg_id": "12389056"
},
{
"title": "History of the Republic of China",
"text": "of the Kuomintang and the unifier of all China under the right-wing Nationalist Government. Sun Yat-sen died of cancer in Beijing in March 1925, as the Nationalist movement he had helped to initiate was gaining momentum. During the summer of 1925 Chiang, as commander-in-chief of the National Revolutionary Army, set out on the long-delayed Northern Expedition against the northern warlords. Within nine months half of China had been conquered. By 1926, however, the Kuomintang had divided into left- and right-wing factions, and the Communist bloc within it was also growing. In March 1926, after thwarting a kidnapping attempt against him",
"psg_id": "1933877"
},
{
"title": "Long March 6",
"text": "March 7 rocket families. It is capable of placing at least of payload into a sun-synchronous orbit. The first stage of the Long March 6 was derived from the booster rockets being developed for the Long March 5 rocket. It is powered by a YF-100 engine, which generates of thrust from burning kerosene and LOX as rocket fuel and oxidiser. A boosted variant, with a payload of 4 tons to sun-synchronous orbit, is under development. Long March 6 The Long March 6 () or Chang Zheng 6 as in pinyin, abbreviated LM-6 for export or CZ-6 within China, is a",
"psg_id": "13772159"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "1925, Chen Duxiu (still Party Secretary) served as Chairman of the Central Executive Committee (), but the name was changed in \"General Secretary of the Central Executive Committee\" in 1925. The post was first introduced in March 1943, when the Politburo decided to discharge Zhang Wentian as General Secretary. As his replacement, Mao Zedong, who had been the \"de facto\" leader of the party since the Long March, was named as Chairman of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee (). The seventh CPC National Congress introduced the post of Chairman of the Central Committee into the party constitution, and",
"psg_id": "3092359"
},
{
"title": "Constitution of the Republic of China",
"text": "Republic of China until 1928. It provided a Western-style parliamentary system headed by a weak president. However, the system was quickly usurped when Song Jiaoren, who as leader of the KMT was to become prime minister following the party's victory in the 1913 elections, was assassinated by the orders of President Yuan Shikai. Yuan regularly flouted the elected assembly and assumed dictatorial powers. Upon his death in 1916, China disintegrated into warlordism and the Beiyang Government operating under the Constitution remained in the hands of various military leaders. The Kuomintang under Chiang Kai-shek established control over much of China by",
"psg_id": "1694676"
},
{
"title": "Long March 2",
"text": "is the safest model in the Long March 2 family, with 11 launches and no failure record. An unmanned derivative called Long March 2F/G carries the bulkier Tiangong space laboratories. Long March 2D and Long March 4 were developed by the Shanghai Academy of Space Flight Technology (SAST), while all others are developed by CALT. The designations Long March 2A and Long March 2B were originally applied to design studies of Long March 2 derivatives for geostationary payloads. Long March 2A would use a cryogenic third stage, and Long March 2B a hypergolic one. Neither design was finalized. The 2A",
"psg_id": "6216889"
},
{
"title": "The March of Time",
"text": "to serve as publisher of \"Life\", a weekly news magazine that began publication in November 1936. \"Time\" executives had long vacillated over launching such a magazine, but the success of \"The March of Time\"'s experiments in pictorial journalism overcame the hesitation of the corporation's board of directors. Larsen proposed that the new magazine be named \"The March of Time\", but the name \"Life\" was purchased from the owners of a declining periodical. \"Life\" magazine was a great success and notable influence on photojournalism throughout its 36-year history. Louis de Rochemont succeeded Larsen as producer of \"The March of Time\", while",
"psg_id": "3959470"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "November 19, 1935, the Second Red Army set out on its own Long March. He Long's force was driven further west than the First Red Army, all the way to Lijiang in Yunnan province, then across the Jade Dragon Snow Mountain massif and through the Tibetan highlands of western Sichuan. He Long and Xiao Ke were married to sisters who also accompanied the army. He Long's wife, Jian Xianren, carried the baby daughter she had given birth to three weeks before the retreat began. Jian Xianfo gave birth to a son in the desolate swamps of northern Sichuan. Forces of",
"psg_id": "658418"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Opposition (Israel)",
"text": "the role of the Leader of the Opposition. The law stipulates the selection of the Opposition Leader, his replacement, regulates his ceremonial role in various official events, and obliges the prime minister to update him on current state affairs once a month. The law also stipulates that the Opposition Leader's salary will be determined by Knesset committee, and shall not be lower than a salary of a Cabinet minister. As long as the role of the Leader of the Opposition was an honorary role, the Knesset members of the opposition didn't care much who will be the Leader of the",
"psg_id": "13311222"
},
{
"title": "The Day the Leader was Killed",
"text": "death, and the irrationality of human emotion. The Day the Leader was Killed The Day the Leader was Killed (orig. Arabic يوم مقتل الزعيم) is a novel written and published by Nobel Prize-winning author Naguib Mahfouz in 1983. The novel follows multiple narratives written in the stream of consciousness format. The novel is set during the early 1980s whilst Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was introducing the infitah or \"open door\" free-market economic policies which led to widespread unrest. The plot revolves around a young Egyptian man who is in love with a co-worker, but her father will not permit their",
"psg_id": "10186282"
},
{
"title": "The Day the Leader was Killed",
"text": "The Day the Leader was Killed The Day the Leader was Killed (orig. Arabic يوم مقتل الزعيم) is a novel written and published by Nobel Prize-winning author Naguib Mahfouz in 1983. The novel follows multiple narratives written in the stream of consciousness format. The novel is set during the early 1980s whilst Egyptian President Anwar Sadat was introducing the infitah or \"open door\" free-market economic policies which led to widespread unrest. The plot revolves around a young Egyptian man who is in love with a co-worker, but her father will not permit their marriage because the young man cannot earn",
"psg_id": "10186274"
},
{
"title": "History of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "to Mao's base, sidelining him. Chiang Kai-shek launched a further campaign which succeeded. The CPC had to give up their bases and started the Long March (1934–1935) to search for a new base. During the Long March, the party leadership re-examined its policy and blamed their failure on the CPC military leader Otto Braun, a German sent by Comintern. During the Long March, the native Communists, such as Mao Zedong and Zhu De gained power. The Comintern and Soviet Union. lost control over the CPC. They settled in Shaanxi, where there was an existing Communist base. The Western world first",
"psg_id": "12574736"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "of the main group of the First (or Central) Red Army, which included the leaders of the Communist Party of China, from Yudu in the province of Jiangxi to Yan'an in Shaanxi. In this sense, the Long March lasted from October 16, 1934 to October 19, 1935. In a broader view, the Long March included two other forces retreating under pressure from the Kuomintang: the Second Red Army and the Fourth Red Army. The retreat of all the Red Armies was not complete until October 22, 1935, when the three forces linked up in Shaanxi. The divisions of the \"Chinese",
"psg_id": "658383"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "taught a glorious account of the Long March in order to justify Mao's Revolution: \"If you find it hard\", they were told: think of the Long March; if you feel tired, think of our revolutionary forebears. The message has been drilled into us so that we can accomplish any goal set before us by the party because nothing compares in difficulty with what they did. Decades after the historical one, we have been spurred on to ever more Long Marches – to industrialize China, to feed the largest population in the world, to catch up with the West, to reform",
"psg_id": "658431"
},
{
"title": "Long March (rocket family)",
"text": "European Space Agency accused the United States of using ITAR to block exports to China instead of protecting technology. In 2016, an official at the U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security confirmed that \"no U.S.-origin content, regardless of significance, regardless of whether it’s incorporated into a foreign-made item, can go to China.\" The European aerospace industry is working on developing replacements for U.S. satellite components. After the failures of 1992–1996, the troublesome Long March 2E was withdrawn from the market. Design changes were made to improve the reliability of Long March rockets. From October 1996 to April 2009, the Long",
"psg_id": "664024"
},
{
"title": "History of China",
"text": "its leaders from their bases in southern and eastern China. In 1934, driven from their mountain bases such as the Chinese Soviet Republic, the CPC forces embarked on the Long March across China's most desolate terrain to the northwest, where they established a guerrilla base at Yan'an in Shaanxi Province. During the Long March, the communists reorganized under a new leader, Mao Zedong (Mao Tse-tung). The bitter struggle between the KMT and the CPC continued, openly or clandestinely, through the 14-year-long Japanese occupation of various parts of the country (1931–1945). The two Chinese parties nominally formed a united front to",
"psg_id": "70998"
},
{
"title": "Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure",
"text": "Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure Doctor Who – The Ultimate Adventure was a 1989 stage play written by Terrance Dicks, based on the long-running British science fiction television series \"Doctor Who\". The play was staged at twenty theatres around Britain, commencing 23 March 1989. It initially starred Jon Pertwee (who had played the Third Doctor in the series) as the Doctor. On 29 April Pertwee was ill, so understudy David Banks, who portrayed the Cyber Leader in the series from \"Earthshock\" onwards, played the Doctor for the matinee and evening performances. Pertwee continued in the role until 3 June",
"psg_id": "6180487"
},
{
"title": "Nationality law of the People's Republic of China",
"text": "restrictions as long as they arrive from a third country. In accordance with the \"Act Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area\" of the ROC, any ROC national with Household Registration (ROC nationals with full citizenship rights in Taiwan) who obtains a passport issued to Mainland residents of the PRC or hukou of Mainland China, automatically loses his Household Registration in Taiwan, which in turn causes the loss of the person's citizenship rights in the ROC (since he or she has already obtained the \"de facto\" citizenship of Mainland China). However, the person does",
"psg_id": "7503710"
},
{
"title": "Long March 4A",
"text": "Long March 4B, which first flew in 1999. The Long March 4B offers a more powerful third stage, and a larger payload fairing. Long March 4A The Long March 4A (), also known as the Changzheng 4A, CZ-4A and LM-4A, sometimes misidentified as the Long March 4 due to the lack of any such designated rocket, was a Chinese orbital carrier rocket. It was launched from Launch Area 7 at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center. It was a three-stage rocket, used for two launches in 1988 and 1990. On its maiden flight, on 6 September 1988, it placed the FY-1A",
"psg_id": "11889621"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)",
"text": "the House of Commons, commenting \"... all the elections in the world would not have made Windham or Sheridan leaders of the old Opposition while Fox was alive ...\". Eventually they jointly recommended George Ponsonby to the Whig MPs, whom they accepted as the first Leader of the Opposition in the House of Commons. Ponsonby, an Irish lawyer who was the uncle of Grey's wife, had been Lord Chancellor of Ireland during the Ministry of all the Talents and had only just been re-elected to the House of Commons in 1808 when he became leader. Ponsonby proved a weak leader",
"psg_id": "3246914"
},
{
"title": "13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "invited to this congress as audience. The congress reaffirmed the correctness of the policy of reforms and the Open Door that was adopted during the Third Plenum of the 11th Congress in December 1978. It also saw the rejuvenation of the party leadership as veterans from the Long March retired and was replaced by younger and better educated technocrats. The agenda for the Congress was as follows: (1) To review and adopt the report of the 12th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. (2) To review the report made by the Advisory Committee of the Central Committee of",
"psg_id": "19831649"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)",
"text": "consulted about the appointment of the Chief Justice. Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the Leader of the Opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the Prime Minister lose the confidence of the Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is chosen by a vote of all members of Parliament who declare that they do not",
"psg_id": "2803096"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Opposition (Fiji)",
"text": "Leader of the Opposition (Fiji) The post of Leader of the Opposition is a political office common in countries that are part of the Commonwealth of Nations. It did not originate in Fiji but has a long tradition; in British constitutional theory, the Leader of the Opposition must pose a formal alternative to the government, ready to form a government himself should the Prime Minister lose the confidence of the Parliament. The Leader of the Opposition is chosen by a vote of all members of Parliament who declare that they do not support the government. But before the adoption of",
"psg_id": "2803093"
},
{
"title": "Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures",
"text": "Doctor Who: The Third Doctor Adventures \"The Third Doctor Adventures\" is a Big Finish Productions audio play series based on the TV show Doctor Who. It sees the return of Katy Manning as Jo Grant and Richard Franklin as Mike Yates, while the voice of the Third Doctor is performed by Tim Treloar replacing the original actor, Jon Pertwee, who died in 1996. The first set of stories was released in September 2015. A second and third volume were released November 2016 and August 2017 respectively. A fourth volume was released in March 2018. A fifth volume was confirmed in",
"psg_id": "19549507"
},
{
"title": "History of the Great Wall of China",
"text": "determined defence of the Great Wall made it a symbol of Chinese patriotism and the resoluteness of the Chinese people. The Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong picked up this symbol in his poetry during his \"Long March\" escaping from Kuomintang prosecution. Near the end of the trek in 1935, Mao wrote the poem \"Mount Liupan\" that contains the well-known line that would be carved in stone along the Great Wall in the present day: \"Those who fail to reach the Great Wall are not true men\" (). Another noteworthy reference to the Great Wall is in the song \"The March",
"psg_id": "16243946"
},
{
"title": "Sindh Peasants Long March",
"text": "Sindh Peasants Long March Sindh Peasants Long March for Land Reforms ( 15–26 February 2009), was a mass long walk of 350 kilometres by beyond 30000 peasants and rural worker women and men carried for over 12 days form Hyderabad to Sindh Assembly building Karachi, Sindh. The march was organised to seek amendments in the Sindh Tenancy Act that was also legislated after thousands of peasants gathering in front of Sindh Assembly building Karachi in 1950 led by late Comrade Hyder Bux Jatoi, a stalwart peasants leader of Pakistan. The long march was organised and led by the prominent peasant's",
"psg_id": "14996473"
},
{
"title": "The Long March (novel)",
"text": "himself was called up in response to the Korean War and a forced march he undertook at Camp Lejeune in Jacksonville, North Carolina provided the inspiration for the story. Writing in \"The Guardian\", James Campbell explains, \"The book expresses Styron's dislike of the military experience and must originally have appeared as a reproof to more bullish colleagues such as Norman Mailer and James Jones who, while exposing the brutality of battle, did so in such a way as to aggrandise it. \"None of that Hemingway crap for me,\" says the hero of \"The Long March\", Captain Mannix, with whom Styron",
"psg_id": "18900652"
},
{
"title": "Long March (Pakistan)",
"text": "The leader of the long march stayed in a bulletproof container. As the march culminated, incumbent Prime Minister Raja Pervaiz Ashraf was also found guilty of corruption in his previous cabinet post, as Minister for Water and Power. A general election is due to be held in the spring of 2013. Shortly after returning from self-imposed exile in Canada (where he acquired Canadian citizenship), Qadri gave a speech on 23 December 2012, in which he denounced the rampant corruption at all levels of government. The speech galvanised demonstrators who were already frustrated with the president's inability to reduce militancy and",
"psg_id": "17034653"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "of China leads all the armed forces of the country\". These changes were reversed by the 1982 Constitution of the People's Republic of China which placed the Party below the State and created a state CMC in parallel to the Party CMC. Although Hua Guofeng succeeded Mao as party chairman, by 1978 he had lost power to Vice-Chairman Deng Xiaoping, who was now acknowledged as the \"de facto\" leader of China. The post of Chairman was abolished in 1982, and most of its functions were transferred to the revived post of General Secretary. The move was made as part of",
"psg_id": "3092362"
},
{
"title": "Spouse of the President of China",
"text": "Spouse of the President of China The Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, also known as the First Lady of China, is the spouse or wife of the President of China. To date there have been 7 women who have been married to the Chinese president while in office. The role of the Presidential Spouse is not an official office, as they are not given a salary or official duties. Most spouses have remained very much in the background. However, the current spouse Peng Liyuan has gained public attention through her own independent careers and achievements.",
"psg_id": "17362585"
},
{
"title": "Spouse of the President of China",
"text": "Spouse of the President of China The Spouse of the President of the People's Republic of China, also known as the First Lady of China, is the spouse or wife of the President of China. To date there have been 7 women who have been married to the Chinese president while in office. The role of the Presidential Spouse is not an official office, as they are not given a salary or official duties. Most spouses have remained very much in the background. However, the current spouse Peng Liyuan has gained public attention through her own independent careers and achievements.",
"psg_id": "17362584"
},
{
"title": "Long March 3B",
"text": "In 2009, a Long March 3B partially failed during launch due to a third stage anomaly, which resulted in the Palapa-D satellite reaching a lower orbit than planned. Nonetheless, the satellite was able to maneuver itself into the planned orbit. The Long March 3B and its variants remain in active use , having conducted a total of 23 consecutive successful launches. In December 2013, a Long March 3B/E successfully lifted Chang'e 3, China's first Lunar lander and rover into the projected lunar-transfer orbit. The Long March 3B is based on the Long March 3A as its core stage, with four",
"psg_id": "11888568"
},
{
"title": "Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March",
"text": "along with the success already enjoyed by \"Nothing to My Name\", established Cui as a symbol of the \"angry youth\" movement in China. Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March () is a 1989 album by Cui Jian, the so-called \"Father of Chinese Rock\". It is technically his second album as an album called \"Return of the Prodigal\" was released in 1984 in Hong Kong and Taiwan only, but he considers it his first and does not acknowledge the previous one. It is Cui's most successful album, and is considered China's",
"psg_id": "14237960"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Opposition (British Virgin Islands)",
"text": "appointed Leader of the Opposition as an Independent and in 1995 Walwyn Brewley was appointed despite leading the party with the third largest number of seats. The Leader of the Opposition is normally viewed as an alternative Premier. On 6 February 2017 Andrew Fahie was appointed as the most recent leader of the opposition. To date a total of twelve people (all men) have served as Leader of the Opposition - over twice the number who have served as Premier or Chief Minister. Every person who has served as Chief Minister or Premier has also served as Leader of the",
"psg_id": "18007381"
},
{
"title": "Mariamne (third wife of Herod)",
"text": "Phabet, of the high priesthood, and conferred that dignity on Simon, and so joined in affinity with him [by marrying his daughter]. She had one child by Herod, called Herod II or Herod Boethus, who married his niece, Herodias, and by her had a daughter, Salome. Mariamne II was implicated in the plot of Antipater against her husband (Herod) in 4 BCE. As a result, Herod divorced her and removed her father (Simon Boethus) as high priest. Additionally, her son Herod II was removed from the line of succession in Herod's last will. Mariamne (third wife of Herod) Mariamne II",
"psg_id": "9758928"
},
{
"title": "The Bishop's Wife",
"text": "December 19, 1949, with Tyrone Power and David Niven, second on May 11, 1953, with Cary Grant and Phyllis Thaxter and third on March 1, 1955, again with Grant and Thaxter. The soundtrack has been released on compact disc. Streaming audio The Bishop's Wife The Bishop's Wife, also known as Cary and the Bishop's Wife, is a Samuel Goldwyn romantic comedy feature film from 1947, starring Cary Grant, Loretta Young, and David Niven in a story about an angel who helps a bishop with his problems. The film was adapted by Leonardo Bercovici and Robert E. Sherwood from the 1928",
"psg_id": "856653"
},
{
"title": "Long March",
"text": "the brink of annihilation by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek's troops in their stronghold in Jiangxi province. The Communists, under the eventual command of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai, escaped in a circling retreat to the west and north, which reportedly traversed over 9,000 kilometers (5600 miles) over 370 days. The route passed through some of the most difficult terrain of western China by traveling west, then north, to Shaanxi. The Long March began Mao Zedong's ascent to power, whose leadership during the retreat gained him the support of the members of the party. The bitter struggles of the Long March, which",
"psg_id": "658381"
},
{
"title": "Premier of the People's Republic of China",
"text": "Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \"Prime Minister\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \"Central People's Government\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of the Government Administration Council of the Central People's Government () and changed to its current name in 1954. The Premier is formally approved by the National People's Congress upon",
"psg_id": "1318541"
},
{
"title": "Premier of the People's Republic of China",
"text": "Vice-Premiers since Deng Xiaoping's reform in 1983. The First-ranked Vice Premier will act in the premier's capacity in their absence. As of 2019, there are three living former premiers: Premier of the People's Republic of China The Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, sometimes also referred to informally as the \"Prime Minister\", is the Leader of the State Council of China (constitutionally synonymous with the \"Central People's Government\" since 1954), who is the head of government and holds the highest rank (Level 1) in the Civil Service. This position was originally known as Premier of",
"psg_id": "1318545"
},
{
"title": "History of trade of the People's Republic of China",
"text": "in particular, was second only to Japan in supplying industrial goods to China during most of this period. China followed a policy of shopping widely for its industrial purchases, and it concluded deals of various sizes with nearly all of the West European nations. In 1986 Western Europe accounted for nearly 18 percent of China's foreign trade, with imports exceeding exports. Third World countries have long served as a market for Chinese agricultural and light industrial products. In 1986 developing countries purchased about 15 percent of Chinese exports and supplied about 8 percent of China's imports. China has increased trade",
"psg_id": "11165781"
},
{
"title": "3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China",
"text": "3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China The 3rd Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China was a pivotal meeting of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held in Beijing, China, from December 18 to December 22, 1978. The conference marked the beginning of the \"Reform and Opening Up\" policy, and is widely seen as the moment when Deng Xiaoping became paramount leader of China replacing Chairman Hua Guofeng, who remained nominal Chairman of the Communist Party of China until 1981. The meeting was",
"psg_id": "15197143"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Opposition (Solomon Islands)",
"text": "He resigned from that position in late March 2011, and the Opposition chose Derek Sikua to replace him. Sikua thus led the 2011-2014 Shadow Cabinet. On 9 December 2014, following the 2014 general election, Jeremiah Manele was appointed as Leader of the Opposition. Leader of the Opposition (Solomon Islands) The Leader of the Opposition (or Leader of the Official Opposition) in Solomon Islands is a Member of Parliament who commands a large minority of his peers, united in loyal opposition to government. The title of \"Leader of the Opposition\" is common to the Commonwealth realms and several other Commonwealth countries,",
"psg_id": "15289675"
},
{
"title": "Long Arm of the Law Part 3",
"text": "Long Arm of the Law Part 3 Long Arm of the Law Part 3 is a 1989 Hong Kong action film directed by Michael Mak and starring Andy Lau, Elizabeth Lee, Max Mok and Elvis Tsui. The film is the third entry of the \"Long Arm of the Law\" film series, where each of the films have a different storyline. The core theme of the film is the attack of Mainland China and its brutal law. Ex-soldier Lee Cheung-kong (Andy Lau) was falsely accused for robbery in China and was sentenced to death as a result. Not willing to be",
"psg_id": "17436439"
},
{
"title": "History of the Republic of China",
"text": "of the Republic of China and was inaugurated in Nanjing as the first Provisional President. However, power in Beijing already had passed to Yuan Shikai, who had effective control of the Beiyang Army, the most powerful military force in China at the time. To prevent civil war and possible foreign intervention from undermining the infant republic, Sun agreed to Yuan's demand for China to be united under a Beijing government headed by him. On March 10, in Beijing, Yuan Shikai was sworn in as the second Provisional President of the Republic of China. The republic which Sun Yat-sen and his",
"psg_id": "1933848"
},
{
"title": "The Wife of Martin Guerre",
"text": "The Wife of Martin Guerre The Wife of Martin Guerre (first published 1941) is a short novel by American writer Janet Lewis based on the story of Martin Guerre, the 16th-century French peasant who apparently returned home to his wife after a long absence but was later revealed to be an impostor. The novel has its origins in research Lewis made into trials based on circumstantial evidence, after reading in-depth about famous trials turning on circumstantial evidence, which prompted her to write a pamphlet describing the risks of using it. The novel tells the tale from the point of view",
"psg_id": "8455593"
},
{
"title": "Rock 'n' Roll on the New Long March",
"text": "beginning of rock music in China. Cui made the album in cooperation with the band ADO, and it was the only album he released while he was still with them. An almost identical album called \"Nothing to My Name\" was released in Hong Kong and Taiwan the same year; it did not include the song \"Rock 'N' Roll on the New Long March\". In 1999 a second edition of the album was released, by Beijing-based Jingwen Records, to mark its tenth anniversary. In a review published in \"China Information\", Woei Lin Chong considers it Cui's \"most impressive recording\". This album,",
"psg_id": "14237959"
},
{
"title": "President of the Republic of China",
"text": "reflect the PRC's official stance of not recognizing the ROC as an independent state. The PRC media does not use the terms \"\"President of Taiwan\"\" nor \"\"President of the Republic of China\"\", which could be inferred as implying recognition of Taiwan as a country, or of Two Chinas. Hence, the term \"\"Leader of the Taiwan Area\"\" is used- with \"Area\" to show that Taiwan is not a country; while \"Leader\" does not equal \"President\". According to criteria set by the authorities in Beijing, media in mainland China generally are not allowed to use terms related to the Republic of China",
"psg_id": "714701"
},
{
"title": "March of the Volunteers",
"text": "\"Three Principles of the People\" of the Republic of China and the Communist \"Internationale\". When Tian Han was imprisoned during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, the march was briefly and unofficially replaced by \"The East Is Red\", then played without words, then played with altered words. Restored to its original version, the \"March of the Volunteers\" was raised to official status in 1982, adopted by Hong Kong and Macau upon their restorations to China in 1997 and 1999, respectively, and included in the Chinese Constitution's Article 136 in 2004. The lyrics of the \"March of the Volunteers\", also formally",
"psg_id": "776272"
},
{
"title": "Succession of power in the People's Republic of China",
"text": "that the Paramount leader of China holds these three official titles: In the past it was possible for the Paramount Leader to wield absolute power without holding any official office. This was the case with Deng Xiaoping who was the undisputed leader from 1978 to 1992 without holding any official offices. Since his retirement, power has become more structured with the leader holding all three of the previously mentioned offices. The concept of Paramount Leader was instituted during the era of Mao Zedong. The position was further established under Deng Xiaoping, however the term Paramount Leader has not been officially",
"psg_id": "15472465"
},
{
"title": "President of the Republic of China",
"text": "Cooperation leaders' summit, the ROC President is forbidden from attending personally and must send a special envoy to represent him or her at the event. However, on December 2, 2016, U.S. President-elect Donald Trump accepted a congratulatory telephone call from the ROC President, a clear break from prior protocol. The Government of the People's Republic of China uses the terms Leader of the Taiwan Area, Leader of the Taiwan Region () and Leader of the Taiwanese Authorities () to describe the head of state of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan. These terms are used by PRC media to",
"psg_id": "714700"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Changed China",
"text": "Publishing Group, one of China’s largest publishing groups. Virtually overnight, the Chinese edition became the number one bestselling book in China with sales of over one million and substantial publicity across the country including front-page features and magazine cover stories. The book is recognized as the first time that a biography of a living Chinese leader has been published on the Chinese mainland, and stories of its success and influence in China have run in the international press. \"The Wall Street Journal\" wrote: “His [Kuhn’s] new book is a blockbuster in China, selling more copies here in a single month",
"psg_id": "9731181"
},
{
"title": "Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina",
"text": "Spiritual Leader of the Nation of Argentina Spiritual Leader of the Nation (, also referred to as Spiritual Chief of the Nation, \"Jefa Espiritual de la Nación\", and Spiritual Chief of the State, \"Jefa Espiritual del Estado\") was an honorary position created by the Argentine Congress in the early 1950s and only ever held by Eva Perón, wife of Juan Domingo Perón. Eva Perón was elected Spiritual Leader/Chief of the Nation on May 7, 1952 and died on July 26 of that year. The title of Spiritual Chief or Leader of the Nation would never again be bestowed on any",
"psg_id": "11862573"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland",
"text": "1961. Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland The Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the Leader of the House in the Senate of Northern Ireland. The post was a cabinet position that was nevertheless politically unimportant. In his memoirs, Brian Faulkner expresses surprise that Jack Andrews accepted the position, as he saw it as a demotion. The Deputy Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the third-ranking position in the Senate, after the Leader and the Speaker. The position of Deputy Leader was established, along with the Senate itself, in 1921, and the position was abolished",
"psg_id": "8070870"
},
{
"title": "Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland",
"text": "Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland The Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the Leader of the House in the Senate of Northern Ireland. The post was a cabinet position that was nevertheless politically unimportant. In his memoirs, Brian Faulkner expresses surprise that Jack Andrews accepted the position, as he saw it as a demotion. The Deputy Leader of the Senate of Northern Ireland was the third-ranking position in the Senate, after the Leader and the Speaker. The position of Deputy Leader was established, along with the Senate itself, in 1921, and the position was abolished in",
"psg_id": "8070869"
},
{
"title": "Long Museum",
"text": "Yiqian and Wang Wei's expanding empire. The architecture was designed by Liu Yichun of Atelier Deshaus. Long Museum The Long Museum () is a private art museum in Shanghai, China, founded by Liu Yiqian and his wife Wang Wei. The museum has two locations in Shanghai: the Long Museum Pudong and Long Museum West Bund. In 2016, a third location was opened in Chongqing and a Wuhan branch is scheduled for 2018. The Long Museum Pudong was officially opened to the public on December 18, 2012. The Long Museum West Bund opened on March 28, 2014 and was China's largest",
"psg_id": "18431291"
},
{
"title": "Long Museum",
"text": "Long Museum The Long Museum () is a private art museum in Shanghai, China, founded by Liu Yiqian and his wife Wang Wei. The museum has two locations in Shanghai: the Long Museum Pudong and Long Museum West Bund. In 2016, a third location was opened in Chongqing and a Wuhan branch is scheduled for 2018. The Long Museum Pudong was officially opened to the public on December 18, 2012. The Long Museum West Bund opened on March 28, 2014 and was China's largest private museum at the time of its opening.It is the second of Chinese billionaire collectors Liu",
"psg_id": "18431290"
},
{
"title": "New Democracy Party of China",
"text": "New Democracy Party of China The New Democracy Party of China (NDPC; ) is a political party that started in the People's Republic of China, and is banned by the Chinese government. It was established by Mr. Guo Quan, a professor at Nanjing Normal University in 2007 after he published an open letter to the leaders of China. The second acting chairman is Mr. Cunzhu Zheng, who was also a student leader in Anhui Province in 1989's Tiananmen Square Protests. New Democracy Party of China was founded by Guo Quan, a former associate professor at Nanjing Normal University and the",
"psg_id": "12981526"
},
{
"title": "The Lateness of the Hour",
"text": "on December 2, 1960 as the eighth episode of season 2. The second, \"Static\", aired on March 10, 1961 as the 20th episode; the third, \"The Whole Truth\", appeared on January 20, 1961 as the 14th episode; the fourth was \"Twilight Zone\"'s sole Christmas entry, \"The Night of the Meek\", shown on December 23, 1960; the fifth, \"Twenty Two\", was aired on February 10, 1961 and the sixth, \"Long Distance Call\", was transmitted on March 31, 1961. This was the second of two \"Twilight Zone\" starring roles for TV's \"Farmer's Daughter\", Inger Stevens (1934–70) who, during her final decade, kept",
"psg_id": "1348759"
},
{
"title": "The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife",
"text": "discredit Terre'Blanche and the far right movement in South Africa. In 1995, during an interview with SABC, Allan accused witnesses in the case of being paid to lie. In a 2002 BBC film \"Get Carman: the trials of George Carman QC\", Allan's case was dramatised together with a number of other high-profile Carmen cases. The libel suit is mentioned amidst a montage of photos and camera footage of Jani Allan and reporters outside the London court in 1992, in the 2006 Nick Broomfield sequel \"His Big White Self\", a sequel to \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\", the",
"psg_id": "4709882"
},
{
"title": "The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife",
"text": "DVD boxset, together with \"His Big White Self\", in April 2006. In 1992, the former columnist Jani Allan sued Channel 4, the British broadcaster, for libel, claiming that in the documentary \"The Leader, His Driver and the Driver's Wife\" she was presented as a \"woman of easy virtue\". Amidst a montage of photographs from Allan's earlier days as a photographic model and \"Sunday Times\" quotes, Broomfield claimed that Jani Allan had had an affair with Terre'Blanche. The significance of the case led to its inclusion in the 1992 annual edition of Whitaker's Almanack. During the trial, Channel 4 denied the",
"psg_id": "4709875"
}
] | [
"李淑蒙",
"蓝苹",
"江青",
"lan p'ing",
"madam mao",
"jiang qing",
"jiang cing",
"chiang ching",
"li yun-ho",
"李润青",
"lan ping",
"jiāng qīng",
"li shumeng",
"ching chiang",
"li yunhe",
"李云鹤",
"madame mao",
"无产阶级文艺伟大旗手",
"jiang ching",
"李潤青",
"李雲鶴",
"chiang ch'ing",
"tschiang tsching",
"qing jiang",
"li runqing",
"ching chiang"
] |
in 1985 terry waite returned to beirut after securing the release of four british hostages where? | [
{
"title": "1984 Libyan hostage incident",
"text": "hostages. This meeting was soon followed by the arrival in Libya of Terry Waite. 21 October 1984 Alan Russell and Malcolm Anderson were removed from the Italian Mansion and taken to the Libyan courts, where they were charged with transporting state secrets. 10–18 November 1984 Terry Waite was in Libya. The hostage situation showed no signs of thawing, in spite of national and international efforts to secure the release of the hostages and the intervention at a pastoral level of Waite. 13–14 December 1984 Allen Russell was placed on trial and charged with sharing state secrets with British journalists. Robin",
"psg_id": "16049536"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "Caribbean and South Africa. In 1980, Waite successfully negotiated the release of several hostages in Iran: Iraj Mottahedeh (Anglican priest in Esfahan), Dimitri Bellos (diocesan officer), Nosrat Sharifian (Anglican priest in Kerman), Fazeli (church member), Jean Waddell (who was secretary to the Iranian Anglican bishop Hassan Dehqani-Tafti), Canon John Coleman, and Coleman's wife. On 10 November 1984, he negotiated with Colonel Gaddafi for the release of the four remaining British hostages held in the Libyan Hostage Situation, Michael Berdinner, Alan Russell, Malcolm Anderson and Robin Plummer and was again successful. From 1985, Waite became involved in hostage negotiation in Lebanon,",
"psg_id": "1341673"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "Terry Waite Terence Hardy \"Terry\" Waite (born 31 May 1939) is an English humanitarian and author. Waite was the Assistant for Anglican Communion Affairs for the then Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, in the 1980s. As an envoy for the Church of England, he travelled to Lebanon to try to secure the release of four hostages, including the journalist John McCarthy. He was himself kidnapped and held captive from 1987 to 1991. He is president of the charity Y Care International (the YMCA's international development and relief agency) and patron of AbleChildAfrica and Habitat for Humanity Great Britain. He is",
"psg_id": "1341667"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "to negotiate with those holding British sailors and marines seized by Iran in disputed waters on 23 March 2007. Waite has a particular regard for Eastern Orthodoxy and the writings of Carl Jung. In 2008, he joined the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers. In 2004, Waite returned to Beirut for the first time since his release from captivity. He told the BBC, \"If you are bitter, it will eat you up and do more damage to you than to the people who have hurt you.\" Waite travelled again to Beirut in December 2012 to reconcile with his captors and",
"psg_id": "1341678"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "of the hostages as he was promised safe conduct to visit the hostages, who, he was told, were ill. The group broke trust and took him hostage on 20 January 1987. Waite remained in captivity for 1,763 days, the first four years of which were spent in solitary confinement. He was finally released on 18 November 1991. Following his release he was elected a Fellow Commoner at Trinity Hall, Cambridge where he wrote his first book, \"Taken on Trust\", an account of his captivity in Lebanon. It became a best-seller in the UK and internationally. Waite decided to devote himself",
"psg_id": "1341675"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "and he assisted in negotiations which secured the release of Lawrence Jenco and David Jacobsen. His use of an American helicopter to travel secretly between Cyprus and Lebanon and his appearance with Lt Colonel Oliver North, however, meant that he was compromised when the Irangate scandal broke. Against advice, Waite felt a need to demonstrate his continuing trust and integrity, and his commitment to the remaining hostages. He arrived in Beirut on 12 January 1987 with the intention of negotiating with the Islamic Jihad Organization, which was holding the men. On 20 January 1987, he agreed to meet the captors",
"psg_id": "1341674"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "lay to rest what he described as the ghosts of the past. In 1992, Waite received the Four Freedoms Award for the Freedom of Worship. In 1992, Durham University made him an honorary Doctor of Civil Law. In 2001, Anglia Ruskin University awarded him an honorary Doctor of Philosophy. On 30 May 2009, at a ceremony in Ely Cathedral, the Open University made him an honorary D.Univ. He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Chester in 2009. In 2006 he was elected a \"Visiting Fellow\" of Magdalen College, Oxford. Terry Waite Terence Hardy \"Terry\" Waite (born 31",
"psg_id": "1341679"
},
{
"title": "Jackie Mann",
"text": "leave immediately following the Salman Rushdie affair in February of that year. In September 1989, it was reported that his wife Sunnie had been told that Mann was dead, by a man who asked to meet her in a Beirut shopping centre. Jackie Mann was eventually released on 24 September 1991 after negotiations by the British and US governments succeeded in bringing about the release of several Western hostages. He had been held at the same time as other UK and Irish hostages in Lebanon, notably journalist John McCarthy, church envoy Terry Waite and author Brian Keenan. On his release,",
"psg_id": "11956283"
},
{
"title": "John Waite (broadcaster)",
"text": "vulnerable young people giving evidence in court. He says the worst moment in his career was being so keen to get his microphone close to Prince Charles he stood heavily on his toe. Waite was a spokesperson while his cousin, Terry Waite, was held hostage in Beirut in the 1990s. He remembers presenting a special programme for his cousin, which Terry managed to hear. Waite has received numerous awards including a Radio Oscar (Sony) for Broadcaster of the Year. He also hosts \"Pick of the Week\" on Radio 4. Waite has also fronted the National Trust Magazine's audio version since",
"psg_id": "10218469"
},
{
"title": "People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)",
"text": "previously held by the Multinational Force (MNF), until a cease-fire agreement mediated by the Syrian military intelligence chief in Lebanon, Major-General Ghazi Kanaan, was signed in late November. The terms of the agreement clearly favored Amal, which forced Walid Jumblatt on November 24 to publicly \"reconsider\" the military presence of his own PSP/PLA militia in the western sector of the Lebanese Capital. In January 1987, PLA bodyguards provided protection to the Church of England's special envoy Terry Waite during his trip to West Beirut to negotiate the release of several British hostages then held by the Islamic Jihad Organization (IJO),",
"psg_id": "19370129"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "office in Kampala, Waite founded the Southern Sudan Project and was responsible for developing aid and development programmes for this war-torn region. His next post was in Rome where, from 1972, he worked as an International Consultant to the Medical Mission Sisters, a Roman Catholic order seeking to adapt to the leadership reforms of Vatican II. From this base, he travelled extensively throughout Asia, Africa, the Americas and Europe, conducting and advising on programmes concerned with institutional change and development, inter-cultural relations, group and inter-group dynamics and a broad range of development issues connected with health and education. Waite returned",
"psg_id": "1341671"
},
{
"title": "1985 Beirut car bombing",
"text": "suggests that Casey's action was \"off the books\". On August 17, 1985, another major car bomb went off in a Christian suburb of East Beirut. The dynamites caused the death of fifty people. It was one of the worst explosions to take place in the city's east, which was relatively calm compared to the west. 1985 Beirut car bombing On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt allegedly organized by the American CIA and British intelligence. The",
"psg_id": "4969458"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "to master psychological T-group methods, with the aim of promoting increased active involvement from the laity. During this time he married Helen Frances Watters. As a student, Waite was greatly influenced by the teachings of Ralph Baldry. In 1969, he moved to Uganda where he worked as Provincial Training Advisor to Erica Sabiti, the first African Anglican Archbishop of Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi and, in that capacity, travelled extensively throughout East Africa. Together with his wife and their four children, Waite witnessed the Idi Amin coup in Uganda, he and his wife narrowly escaping death on several occasions. From his",
"psg_id": "1341670"
},
{
"title": "1985 Beirut car bombing",
"text": "1985 Beirut car bombing On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Islamic cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt allegedly organized by the American CIA and British intelligence. The bombing killed more than 80 people and injured 200, almost all civilians. The bomb explosion, estimated to have been equivalent to 200 kg (440 lbs) of dynamite, occurred in the western Beirut suburb of Bir al-Abed, outside an apartment building. It killed worshippers, mostly women and girls, leaving Friday prayer services at an adjacent mosque,",
"psg_id": "4969453"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "also president of Emmaus UK, a charity for formerly homeless people. The son of a village policeman in Styal, Cheshire, Waite was educated at Stockton Heath County Secondary school where he became head boy. Although his parents were only nominally religious, he showed a commitment to Christianity from an early age and later became a Quaker and an Anglican. Waite joined the Grenadier Guards at Caterham Barracks, but an allergy to a dye in the uniform obliged him to depart after a few months. He then considered a monastic life, but instead joined the Church Army, a social welfare organisation",
"psg_id": "1341668"
},
{
"title": "Imad Mughniyah",
"text": "William Francis Buckley, who was the CIA station chief in Beirut. Some of these individuals were killed by Mughniyeh directly , such as Buckley, who was brutally tortured and eventually murdered under his watch. The remainder were released at various times with the last one, Terry Anderson, released in 1991. On 30 September 1985, Mughniyeh allegedly organised the kidnapping of four diplomats from the Soviet Embassy in Beirut, one of whom he personally killed. The result of the kidnapping was Soviet pressure on Syria to stop its operations in Northern Lebanon in exchange for release of the remaining three hostages.",
"psg_id": "2474796"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "to the UK in 1978, where he took a job with the British Council of Churches. In 1980, the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie, appointed him the Archbishop of Canterbury's Assistant for Anglican Communion Affairs on the recommendation of Tomkins and Bishop John Howe. Based at Lambeth Palace, Waite again travelled extensively throughout the world and had a responsibility for the archbishop's diplomatic and ecclesiastical exchanges. He arranged and travelled with the archbishop on the first ever visit of an Archbishop of Canterbury to China and had responsibility for travels to Australia, New Zealand, Burma, the United States, Canada, the",
"psg_id": "1341672"
},
{
"title": "Pete Waite",
"text": "the next year as a junior varsity coach at his alma mater, Monona Grove High School. Waite also coached one year at Bremen High School in Midlothian, Illinois. Waite was the head coach at Moraine Valley Community College in Palos Hills, Illinois, leading the Cyclones to the 1985 North Central Community College Conference championship. Waite was named the conference coach of the year in 1985. Waite was the assistant coach of Illinois State University in Normal, Illinois. Waite was the head coach at Northern Illinois University in DeKalb, Illinois, where he was the winningest volleyball coach in program history. He",
"psg_id": "12300305"
},
{
"title": "John Gray (diplomat)",
"text": "John Gray (diplomat) Sir John Walton David Gray (1 October 1936 – 1 September 2003), was a senior British diplomat. In 1987, as the British ambassador to Beirut, Gray unsuccessfully attempted to dissuade Terry Waite from re-entering Beirut without proper protection, with the result that Waite was kidnapped and held for nearly five years. John Gray was born in at Burry Port in Carmarthenshire and educated at Blundell's School. After National Service in Cyprus and Egypt he attended Christ's College, Cambridge and later did postgraduate research in Arab nationalism at the Middle East Centre in Oxford and the American University",
"psg_id": "13199066"
},
{
"title": "Jarrad Waite",
"text": "the 2005 season, finishing second behind Brendan Fevola for the club. Waite was shifted from the forward-line into the back-line during the 2007 NAB Cup where he played at centre half-back. However, during the home and away season, he again played predominately as a forward. In 2008, Waite returned to the back-line under new coach Brett Ratten. In 2009, Waite again began to spend time at both ends of the ground. However, in round 9, he suffered a season-ending knee after he partially tore his ACL after hyperextending his left knee when landing on a straight leg. He returned in",
"psg_id": "8057700"
},
{
"title": "Aaron E. Waite",
"text": "age of 14 he became an apprentice broom maker, working for four years until also enrolling in school for two years. Waite then moved to New York at the age of 20. Once there he taught as an assistant teacher on Long Island at Flatbush in Erasmus Hall. Waite then returned to Massachusetts before moving west in 1837 and settled in Michigan. He settled in Centreville where he studied law under judge Columbia Lancaster and was admitted to the bar in 1842. Later he became the military secretary for governor John S. Barry of Michigan. In 1847, Waite headed to",
"psg_id": "10174736"
},
{
"title": "History of the Central Intelligence Agency",
"text": "two most pressing issues for the CIA were the Contras and the hostages. On June 14, 1985, Hezbollah took TWA Flight 847, and executed an American Navy diver on the tarmac of Beirut Airport. Reagan negotiated a trade of prisoners for hostages. This paved the way for a trade of 504 TOW missiles to Iran for $10,000 each, and the release of Benjamin Weir, a captive of Islamic Jihad, the group that claimed responsibility for the Beirut bombings which later became Hezbollah. This broke two of the public pillars of Reagan's foreign policy: no deals with terrorists, and no arms",
"psg_id": "18746130"
},
{
"title": "British Expedition to Abyssinia",
"text": "only twenty casualties, two fatally wounded men, nine seriously wounded, and nine lightly wounded. As such, the Arogye battle was far more bloody and consequential than the subsequent day's siege of the hill-top fort at Magdala. After repelling the Ethiopian attack, the British force moved onto Magdala the following day. As the British approached, Tewodros released two hostages on parole to offer terms. Napier insisted on release of the hostages and an unconditional surrender. Tewodros refused to unconditionally surrender, but released the European hostages over the next two days, while the native hostages had their hands and feet amputated before",
"psg_id": "6264542"
},
{
"title": "Ignition (John Waite album)",
"text": "Ignition (John Waite album) Ignition is the debut solo album from English singer-songwriter John Waite (ex-vocalist for The Babys). It was released on Chrysalis Records in June 1982 and produced by Neil Giraldo (producer/guitarist for Pat Benatar, who was on the same label). Two singles were lifted from the record: the Holly Knight-penned \"Change\" which initially failed to make a significant dent on any chart except for the Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks, where it scored the #16 position. It was, however, one of MTV's most popular early videos. Upon the 1985 release of the soundtrack to the movie \"Vision Quest\",",
"psg_id": "15397028"
},
{
"title": "Ric Waite",
"text": "Ric Waite Ric Waite (July 10, 1933 – February 18, 2012) was an American cinematographer whose numerous film and television credits included \"Red Dawn\", \"Footloose\", \"48 Hrs.\", and \"The Long Riders\". Waite received four Emmy nominations during his career. He won his only Emmy for his work on the 1976 NBC television miniseries, \"Captains and the Kings\". Waite was born in Sheboygan, Wisconsin. He enlisted in the United States Air Force after graduation from high school and was a member of the Air Force's Photo Intelligence unit. He moved to New York City, where he owned a studio as a",
"psg_id": "16334619"
},
{
"title": "John Gray (diplomat)",
"text": "in Cairo. He joined the diplomatic service in 1962 and retained his link with the Middle East throughout his career. Gray retired from the Foreign Office in 1996 and on returning to Wales became involved in public and community affairs, including: John Gray (diplomat) Sir John Walton David Gray (1 October 1936 – 1 September 2003), was a senior British diplomat. In 1987, as the British ambassador to Beirut, Gray unsuccessfully attempted to dissuade Terry Waite from re-entering Beirut without proper protection, with the result that Waite was kidnapped and held for nearly five years. John Gray was born in",
"psg_id": "13199067"
},
{
"title": "Ian Waite",
"text": "the European Professional Latin American Championship. He went on to dance with Daisy Croes, from Belgium, who now appears on the Belgian version of \"Strictly Come Dancing\". After five years in the Netherlands he returned to home. By the summer of 2004, he had started to dance with Camilla Dallerup. Their first competition was the International Championships at the Royal Albert Hall, where they made the semi-final and in November of that year, they made the final of the British National Dance Championships. Waite lives in Finchampstead in Berkshire, and has expanded his career involving lecturing, demonstration dancing and big",
"psg_id": "6690206"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "to study, writing, lecturing and humanitarian activities. His second book, \"Footfalls in Memory\", a further meditation on his captivity in Lebanon, was published in the UK in 1995 and also became a best-seller. His latest book, published in October 2000, \"Travels with a Primate\", is a humorous account of his journeys with his former boss, Robert Runcie. Waite has also contributed articles to many journals and periodicals, ranging from \"Reader's Digest\" to the \"Kipling Journal\", and has also supplied articles and forewords to many books. In January 1996, Waite became patron of the Warrington Male Voice Choir in recognition of",
"psg_id": "1341676"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "of the Anglican Church modelled on the Salvation Army, undergoing training and studies in London. While he was held captive in the 1980s, many Church Army officers wore a simple badge with the letter \"H\" on it, to remind people that one of their members was still a hostage and was being supported in prayer daily by them and many others. In 1963, Waite was appointed Education Advisor to the Anglican Bishop of Bristol, Oliver Tomkins, and assisted with Tomkins's implementation of the SALT (Stewardship and Laity Training) programme in the diocese, along with Basil Moss. This position required Waite",
"psg_id": "1341669"
},
{
"title": "David Penman",
"text": "of Churches, Patron of the National AIDS Trust and a member of the Australian National Council on AIDS. On his way to Britain for the 1988 Lambeth Conference he undertook a highly secretive detour to Iran in an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to secure the release of Terry Waite, the personal envoy of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and several other western hostages. On 24 July 1989, after returning home from the Tokyo World Conference on Religion and Peace and the Lausanne Evangelical Congress in Manila, where he delivered a series of Bible studies, he suffered a severe heart attack. He was",
"psg_id": "11575659"
},
{
"title": "Ralph Waite",
"text": "divorce. He had three daughters from his first marriage. His eldest daughter, Sharon Waite, died of leukemia when she was 9 years old in 1964. Liam Waite, one of Waite's stepsons, is also an actor. After 50 years away from organized religion, Waite returned in 2010 and became an active member of Spirit of the Desert Presbyterian Fellowship in Palm Desert, California. Waite ran unsuccessfully for Congress in California as a Democrat on three occasions: In 1990, he challenged veteran GOP incumbent Al McCandless in the Riverside County-based 37th district, losing by five percentage points. In 1998, Waite ran in",
"psg_id": "5414538"
},
{
"title": "Foreign policy of the George H. W. Bush administration",
"text": "charging America with being behind Iraqi deaths and the refugee crisis and predicting the US would \"eventually be put on trial.\" On November 28, State Department officials announced the US and Iran had come to an agreement on the compensation of the 278 million to Teheran for undelivered equipment owned by the Iranians and made by Americans prior to the 1979 Islamic revolution. The agreement along with the release of hostages Terry Waite and Thomas Sutherland were noted as being made possible by Iranian concessions and seen as reflections of \"Teheran's eagerness to put these issues behind it and win",
"psg_id": "20717984"
},
{
"title": "1983 Kuwait bombings",
"text": "Frank Regier and Frenchman Christian Joubert, were held by Shia radicals demanding the release of the al-Dawa terrorists as the price of the hostages' release. On March 27, 1984, following the conviction of the al-Da'wa defendants, the hostagetakers threatened to kill their hostages if the Kuwaiti government carried through with the planned execution of the al-Dawa prisoners. A month later American Benjamin Weir was kidnapped by actors demanding the same. Anglican hostage negotiator Terry Waite appealed to the Emir of Kuwait and tried to get a visa to come to Kuwait. His failure to make progress in freeing the convicted",
"psg_id": "10683156"
},
{
"title": "Fred Waite",
"text": "Fred Waite was born in the Chickasaw Nation at Fort Arbuckle, in what is now Garvin County, Oklahoma. Son of Catherine McClure Waite and Thomas Fletcher Waite. The grandson of Ela Teecha \"Ellen\" McClure and the Rev. A.J. McClure, a missionary from England to the Chickasaws. During the Civil War, the Waite family, pursued by Confederate soldiers, fled to the Sac and Fox reservation in Kansas. After the war, they returned to Indian Territory. Reportedly, Fred was sent to school at the Illinois Industrial University (Champaign, Illinois), but graduated from Mound City Commercial College in St. Louis, Missouri in 1874.",
"psg_id": "4614987"
},
{
"title": "RAF Wroughton",
"text": "Following a visit to the hospital by Princess Alexandra on 4 July 1967, the Queen conferred the prefix \"Princess Alexandra's\" on the hospital on 4 October 1967. The hospital was the primary destination for returning casualties of the Falklands War in 1982. When the hostages from Beirut were released in August 1991, Wg Cdr Gordon Turnbull, a psychiatrist based at Wroughton, with his team, debriefed John McCarthy, Terry Waite and Jackie Mann and provided the counselling necessary to ease them back into freedom. The hospital closed on 31 March 1996 as part of the Conservative Government's defence cuts at the",
"psg_id": "4908567"
},
{
"title": "Peter Waite (philanthropist)",
"text": "Peter Waite (philanthropist) Peter Waite (9 May 1834 – 4 April 1922) was a South Australian pastoralist, businessman, company director and public benefactor. Waite's philanthropic endeavors provided significant benefit to the University of Adelaide and to local public schools, and generations of students have benefited from his largesse. Waite was born at Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland, son of James Waite, a farmer, and his wife Elizabeth, \"née\" Stocks. Waite was left fatherless and after leaving school he was apprenticed to an ironmonger and spent nine years in commercial pursuits. Waite then sailed to Australia aboard the \"British Trident\", landed at Melbourne",
"psg_id": "5710471"
},
{
"title": "Herbert Waite",
"text": "serve full-time and receive a salary of about $25,000 a year. Waite was elected to the position on February 8, 1971. On September 28, 1971, Waite submitted his resignation to the state committee, citing personal reasons. After his resignation, Waite returned to New England Electric as vice president for public relations & advertising. In 1973 he joined Bank of Boston as its First Vice President & Chief Lobbyist. He retired in December 1990 after he took advantage of the company's \"voluntary separation program\", which offered employees with at least 10 years with the bank enhanced severance pay if they chose",
"psg_id": "15591254"
},
{
"title": "Morrison Waite",
"text": "law. Waite attended Bacon Academy in Colchester, Connecticut, where one of his classmates was Lyman Trumbull. He graduated from Yale University in 1837 in a class with Samuel J. Tilden, who later was the 1876 Democratic presidential nominee. As a student at Yale, Waite became a member of the Skull and Bones and Brothers in Unity societies, and was elected to the Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1837. Shortly after graduating, Waite became a law clerk for his father in 1837. Soon afterward Waite moved to Maumee, Ohio, where he studied law as an apprentice in the office of Samuel",
"psg_id": "2533761"
},
{
"title": "A. E. Waite",
"text": "in the Library of the British Museum, studying many branches of esotericism. In 1881 Waite discovered the writings of Eliphas Levi. When Waite was almost 30 he married Ada Lakeman (also called \"Lucasta\"), and they had one daughter, Sybil. Some time after Lucasta's death in 1924, Waite married Mary Broadbent Schofield. He spent most of his life in or near London, connected to various publishing houses and editing a magazine, \"The Unknown World\". Waite joined the Outer Order of the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn in January 1891 after being introduced by E.W. Berridge. In 1893 he withdrew from",
"psg_id": "718522"
},
{
"title": "A. E. Waite",
"text": "Charles F. Waite, died when he was very young, and his widowed mother, Emma Lovell, returned to her home country of England, where he was then raised. As they were not well off, Waite was educated at a small private school in North London. When he was 13, he was then educated at St. Charles' College. When he left school to become a clerk he wrote verse in his spare time. In 1863 Waite's mother converted to Catholicism. The death of his sister Frederika Waite in 1874 soon attracted him into psychical research. At 21, he began to read regularly",
"psg_id": "718521"
},
{
"title": "Pete Waite",
"text": "had an 11-year record of 266–102. NIU appeared in four NCAA tournaments under Waite. NIU won eight regular-season conference titles and six conference tournaments under Waite. Individually, Waite coached four AVCA all-region players, four conference players of the year, 14 first-team all-conference honorees, one conference newcomer of the year and four members of the conference all-newcomer team Waite is the all-time winningest volleyball coach in UW history, both in number of wins and winning percentage. Waite's teams made nine straight NCAA tournament appearances before missing the 2008 NCAA Tournament, snapping the streak. Under Waite, Wisconsin has won two Big Ten",
"psg_id": "12300306"
},
{
"title": "Henry Matson Waite (engineer)",
"text": "Cincinnati, Ohio from 1911 to 1913. He was then elected as the first city manager of Dayton, Ohio in 1913 where he served a four-year term. He died on September 2, 1944. Henry Matson Waite (engineer) Colonel Henry Matson Waite (May 15, 1869 - September 2, 1944) was an engineer and the City Manager of Dayton, Ohio starting in 1913. He was the deputy administrator for the Public Works Administration from 1933 until September 1, 1935. He was born in Toledo, Ohio on May 15, 1869 to Henry Seldon Waite. Waite was the grandson of Morrison Waite, the Chief Justice",
"psg_id": "14730517"
},
{
"title": "Cheryl L. Waite",
"text": "Cheryl L. Waite Judge Cheryl L. Waite is one of four judges elected to the Ohio Seventh District Court of Appeals. She was first elected to the court in 1996, and re-elected to that bench in 2002 and 2008. She is currently running for her fourth term. She served as presiding judge of this court from 2003-2005 and 2011-2013. She was the first woman elected to serve on the Seventh District Court of Appeals. Born in 1959, she received her B.A. from Youngstown State University in 1982, and her J.D. law degree from Cleveland-Marshall College of Law in 1985. Judge",
"psg_id": "8323795"
},
{
"title": "Jozef Waite",
"text": "producers of Dragon Blade released stills and a press release officially confirming Jozef's \"significant\" role as a Roman Prince in the upcoming movie. Jozef Waite Jozef Liu Waite (born 5 December 2007), is a British-Chinese actor, model and presenter. He is best known as \"Xi Meng Zi\" (西蒙子) from the TV show \"Grade One\" (一年級) which premiered on the Hunan Broadcasting System (湖南广播电视台) in 2014. Previously in 2012 he presented a regular feature on the Hunan Broadcasting System show Playing Tricks (玩名堂), broadcast nationally on the Aniworld Satellite TV channel Jozef has also modeled for several Chinese brand stores. Jozef",
"psg_id": "18453022"
},
{
"title": "American University of Beirut",
"text": "are also AUB alumni. These “notable alumni,” which included some of the people who attended the San Francisco conference in 1945, are listed below: American University of Beirut The American University of Beirut (AUB) () is a private, secular and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 \"QS World University Rankings\". The American University of Beirut is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD and PhD degrees. It collaborates with",
"psg_id": "2647657"
},
{
"title": "American University of Beirut",
"text": "American University of Beirut The American University of Beirut (AUB) () is a private, secular and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. It is one of the most prestigious universities in the Middle East, securing the top spot in the Arab region in the 2018 \"QS World University Rankings\". The American University of Beirut is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD and PhD degrees. It collaborates with many universities around the world, notably with Columbia University, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine",
"psg_id": "2647636"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Sutherland (academic)",
"text": "Thomas Sutherland (academic) Dr Thomas Sutherland (May 3, 1931 – July 22, 2016), Dean of Agriculture at the American University of Beirut in Lebanon, was kidnapped by Islamic Jihad members near his Beirut home on June 9, 1985. He was released on November 18, 1991 at the same time as Terry Waite, having been held hostage for 2,353 days. Born in Falkirk, Scotland on May 3, 1931, Sutherland was signed as a 17-year-old by Rangers F.C. Sutherland obtained a BSc in Agriculture from the University of Glasgow, and moved to the United States in the 1950s. He was received a",
"psg_id": "3989905"
},
{
"title": "German School Beirut",
"text": "Besançon, in 1978 to the ACS, and finally to Manara in the year 1980 where it remains till now. In 1980 classes resumed in a temporary location in Manara, Beirut. However the German teachers, making up 90% of the school's instructional staff, left after kidnappings of German citizens in the city occurred in 1985. In 1985 the German Abitur was no longer offered, and the Lebanese Brevet was the main degree that the students could acquire.The enrollment plummeted to 30 in 1989. War activity destroyed the school's Beirut campus that year. Damages also occurred at the Doha campus, which was",
"psg_id": "13362556"
},
{
"title": "Arthur Waite (racing driver)",
"text": "Arthur Waite (racing driver) Colonel Arthur Waite , (1894–1991) was an Australian racing driver. Born in Adelaide, Arthur Waite served at Gallipoli and was later hospitalised where he met his later wife, Irene Austin, who was the daughter of Herbert Austin. After World War I Captain Waite joined his father-in-law's firm, the Austin Motor Company. While in the employ of Austin, Waite was sent back to Australia, where in Melbourne he established Austin Distributors. Prior to leaving for Australia he had established the firm's motor racing efforts, winning races himself at Brooklands and Monza. While in Australia he sent for",
"psg_id": "10527231"
},
{
"title": "George Terry (police officer)",
"text": "George Terry (police officer) Sir George Walter Roberts Terry (29 May 1921 – 18 August 1995) was a senior British police officer, who served as Chief Constable of Pembrokeshire, East Sussex, Lincolnshire and Sussex Police Forces, and as President of the Association of Chief Police Officers. Terry was born on 29 May 1921, the son of Walter George Tygh Terry and his wife Constance Elizabeth Terry. After schooling in Peterborough, Terry joined the Birmingham City Constabulary in 1940, eventually securing promotion through the ranks to Superintendent. He served with the Northamptonshire Regiment in Italy from 1942 to 1946, rising to",
"psg_id": "20430460"
},
{
"title": "Thomas Waite (regicide)",
"text": "petitioned for his release for the sake of their five children and Wayte was imprisoned in Mont Orgueil Castle on Jersey. He was buried at Saint Saviour, Jersey on 18 October 1688. Baptism Records Wymondham, Leicestershire, Wills of Thomas Waite, John Waite, and Henry Waite of Wymondham, Leicestershire. Will of Theodore Gulston MD of London. Thomas Waite (regicide) Thomas Waite, (died 1688 in Jersey) also known as Thomas Wayte was an English soldier who fought for Parliament in the English Civil War, a Member of Parliament for Rutland, and one of the regicides of King Charles I. Waite was probably",
"psg_id": "13553307"
},
{
"title": "Aaron E. Waite",
"text": "election. Waite declined the nomination due to ill health and J. A. Chapman was elected instead. Waite married twice and had a total of six children, of which both of his wives and four of the children died before him. After serving on the court he retired to his farm that was located in Clackamas County. In 1891 he moved to Portland, Oregon, with most of his time in retirement spent managing his land holdings in the Pacific Northwest. Aaron E. Waite died on his farm near Canby on December 12, 1898, at the age of 84. Aaron E. Waite",
"psg_id": "10174739"
},
{
"title": "Niall of the Nine Hostages",
"text": "have lived, so his descendants would only represent a minority of men in this group. There are various versions of how Niall gained his epithet \"Noígíallach\". The saga \"The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages\" says that he received five hostages from the five provinces of Ireland (Ulster, Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Meath), and one each from Scotland, the Saxons, the Britons and the Franks. Keating says that he received five from the five provinces of Ireland, and four from Scotland. O'Rahilly suggests that the nine hostages were from the kingdom of the Airgialla (literally \"hostage-givers\"), a satellite state",
"psg_id": "4132300"
},
{
"title": "Imad Mughniyah",
"text": "school's president. On 20 September 1984, he is alleged to have attacked the US embassy annex building. The United States indicted Mughniyeh (and his collaborator Hassan Izz al-Din) for 14 June 1985 hijacking of TWA Flight 847, in which he tortured and murdered the U.S. Navy personnel Robert Stethem. Mughniyeh and his men allegedly tortured Stethem for hours, before killing him and dumping his body onto the airport tarmac. U.S. and Israeli officials have also alleged that Mughniyeh was involved in numerous kidnappings of Americans in Beirut during the 1980s, most notably the kidnapping of Terry Anderson, Terry Waite, and",
"psg_id": "2474795"
},
{
"title": "Davis Waite House",
"text": "Davis Waite House The Davis Waite House is located on West Francis Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a wooden structure in Victorian architectural styles built during the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with several other historic properties in the city. Davis H. Waite, an early owner, was one of the founding publishers of \"The Aspen Daily Times\". He was later elected governor of Colorado. After a single term he returned to Aspen. Later owners included Herbert Bayer, an Austrian architect extensively involved in the mid-20th-century renovation of Aspen,",
"psg_id": "15806480"
},
{
"title": "Davis Waite House",
"text": "Orville Anderson, who chaired the board of the Aspen Institute. Davis Waite House The Davis Waite House is located on West Francis Street in Aspen, Colorado, United States. It is a wooden structure in Victorian architectural styles built during the 1880s. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with several other historic properties in the city. Davis H. Waite, an early owner, was one of the founding publishers of \"The Aspen Daily Times\". He was later elected governor of Colorado. After a single term he returned to Aspen. Later owners included Herbert Bayer, an",
"psg_id": "15806489"
},
{
"title": "David Waite",
"text": "in 2000 for the Rugby Football League. In February 2001, he was appointed head coach and technical director of the Great Britain rugby league side. Waite stepped down from this role in 2003. During 2006 he worked behind the scenes with Catalans Dragons in their inaugural season in the European Super League. He returned to Australia at the end of the 2006 season. In 1995 Waite coached South Australia in the National Championship Grimace David Waite David Waite (born 30 May 1951) is an Australian former rugby league footballer and coach. He has also coached Great Britain in the Rugby",
"psg_id": "7036183"
},
{
"title": "David Waite",
"text": "David Waite David Waite (born 30 May 1951) is an Australian former rugby league footballer and coach. He has also coached Great Britain in the Rugby League Tri-Nations. Waite was born in New South Wales, Australia. Waite holds a British passport, courtesy of his father being born in Leicester. Waite was a Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs junior and played with their President's Cup side in 1969. The following season he played with Wests Wollongong in the Illawarra Rugby League competition. It was whilst playing for Wests Wollongong that he first represented for Country, NSW and Australia. He spent two seasons with the",
"psg_id": "7036179"
},
{
"title": "Edgar Ravenswood Waite",
"text": "Edgar Ravenswood Waite Edgar Ravenswood Waite (5 May 1866 – 19 January 1928) was a British/Australian zoologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and ornithologist. Waite was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, the second son of John Waite, a bank clerk, and his wife Jane, \"née\" Vause. Waite was educated at Leeds Parish Church Middle Class School and at the Victoria University of Manchester. In 1888 he was appointed sub-curator of the Leeds Museum and three years later was made curator. On 7 April 1892 Waite married Rose Edith Green at St. Matthew's parish church, Leeds. In 1893 Waite became zoologist at the Australian",
"psg_id": "6956209"
},
{
"title": "Fred Waite",
"text": "He returned home to manage the family store after his father's death. He also managed a crew of thirty ranch hands who were looking after about a thousand head of cattle. As Fred grew older, he decided to become a cowboy. He left home in 1875, intending to go to Colorado. Somehow, he wound up in Lincoln County, New Mexico, where he got a job as a ranch hand with John Chisum in 1877. Waite found work in New Mexico with John Tunstall, who was later to be one of the leaders of the Tunstall-McSween vs. Dolan war, better known",
"psg_id": "4614988"
},
{
"title": "Edgar Ravenswood Waite",
"text": "papers to various scientific publications. A species of Australian blind snake, \"Ramphotyphlops waitii\", is named in his honour. Edgar Ravenswood Waite Edgar Ravenswood Waite (5 May 1866 – 19 January 1928) was a British/Australian zoologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist, and ornithologist. Waite was born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, the second son of John Waite, a bank clerk, and his wife Jane, \"née\" Vause. Waite was educated at Leeds Parish Church Middle Class School and at the Victoria University of Manchester. In 1888 he was appointed sub-curator of the Leeds Museum and three years later was made curator. On 7 April 1892 Waite",
"psg_id": "6956214"
},
{
"title": "Terry (Kirsty MacColl song)",
"text": "1985, Tracey Ullman took the song one place higher on the UK charts, peaking at #81. Ullman's version of \"Terry\" used the identical backing track to the MacColl version, merely erasing MacColl's lead vocal and substituting Ullman's. (MacColl co-produced both versions of \"Terry\".) On the 12\" release, an extended version of \"Terry\" is used. Terry (Kirsty MacColl song) \"Terry\" is a song by Kirsty MacColl, released as a single in October 1983, and charting at #82 in the UK the following month. It was her first release after returning to Stiff Records, and was the last in a run of",
"psg_id": "11743625"
},
{
"title": "Aaron E. Waite",
"text": "Aaron E. Waite Aaron E. Waite (December 26, 1813 – December 12, 1898) was an American judge and politician. He was the 4th Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court serving from 1859 to 1862. He was the first chief justice after Oregon became a state on February 14, 1859. A Massachusetts native, Waite also served in the Oregon Territorial Legislature. Aaron Waite (sometimes spelled \"Wait\") was born on December 26, 1813, in Franklin County, Massachusetts, where he was raised by his grandfather and an uncle. His father had died as a soldier in the War of 1812. At the",
"psg_id": "10174735"
},
{
"title": "Terry Waite",
"text": "the humanitarian role adopted by the choir following the Warrington bomb attacks. Since then, he has appeared with the choir for performances in prisons in UK and Ireland to assist in rehabilitation programmes. Prison concerts have become a regular feature of the choir's Christmas activities. He is also a co-founder of Y Care International, a development agency linked to the YMCA movement. In 2004, he founded Hostage UK, an organisation designed to give support to hostage families. He is also president of Emmaus UK, and patron of the Romany Society. On 31 March 2007, Waite offered to travel to Iran",
"psg_id": "1341677"
},
{
"title": "David Waite",
"text": "series in Australia. He scored three tries in the Kangaroos versus Rest of The World match in early 1974 but broke his jaw that season and missed the early representative games. He returned to the Test team for the opening match of the Ashes series but was dropped following Australia's 16-11 second Test loss. Waite is named in the Australian Players Register as Kangaroo No. 447. In 1984 he was appointed coach of the Australian Schoolboys team. A position as coach of Canterbury under 23s followed from 1985 to 1987 and he was then Newcastle reserve grade coach from 1988",
"psg_id": "7036181"
},
{
"title": "1985 British Saloon Car Championship",
"text": "1985 British Saloon Car Championship The 1985 Trimoco RAC [British Saloon Car Championship was the 28th season of the championship. Andy Rouse won his third consecutive BSCC championship in a Ford Sierra, making it a record four titles in total. Guest drivers in \"italics\". All races were held in the United Kingdom. Overall winners in bold. Points were awarded on a 9, 6, 4, 3, 2, 1 basis to the top six finishers in each class, with one bonus point for the fastest lap in each class. In races where a class had less than four starters, points would be",
"psg_id": "13946481"
},
{
"title": "Robert C. MacKenzie",
"text": "and leadership in action.\" When the Rhodesian Bush War ended with the Lancaster House Agreement, MacKenzie resigned from the new Zimbabwe National Army and joined the South African Defence Force as a Special Forces Major. The following year, he joined the Transkei Defence Force as second-in-command, Transkei Special Forces Regiment. In 1985, after 15 years serving abroad, he returned to the United States. \"SOF\"'s Robert K. Brown gave MacKenzie a job as a contributing editor for unconventional operations, and MacKenzie continued his unconventional career. In Mozambique, he worked with RENAMO, securing the release of seven Western hostages. He also trained",
"psg_id": "9075509"
},
{
"title": "Lennie Waite",
"text": "Lennie Waite Lennie Waite (born 4 February 1986 in Paisley, Scotland) is a British track and field athlete. She represented Great Britain in the 2016 Summer Olympics in the 3000m Steeplechase. She holds a personal best of 9:35.91 in the 3000m Steeplechase, achieved on 12 June 2016 at the Portland Track Festival. She is the fifth fastest British Steeplechaser of all-time. Waite attended Rice University. She graduated cum laude in 2008 with a B.A. in Psychology, Economics, and Managerial Studies. During her time at Rice, she set school records in the mile, 1500m and 3000m steeplechase. Her records still hold",
"psg_id": "18607738"
},
{
"title": "John Waite",
"text": "John Waite John Charles Waite (born 4 July 1952) is an English musician. He was lead vocalist for The Babys and Bad English. As a solo artist, 1984's \"Missing You\" was a No. 1 hit on the US \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and a top ten hit on the UK Singles Chart. Waite was born in Lancaster, and was educated at Lancaster Art College (The Storey Institute). Waite first came to attention as the lead singer and bassist of The Babys, a British rock band that had moderate chart success, including two pop hits that both coincidentally peaked at No. 13",
"psg_id": "3683440"
},
{
"title": "1985–86 Paris attacks",
"text": "initially accused Iran of \"instigating the 1986 bombing campaign and of giving support to a cell of North African terrorists,\" and a subsequent diplomatic row caused France to sever its ties with Iran. France eventually allowed , who was wanted for questioning in connection with the Paris attacks, to leave the Iranian embassy in Paris for Iran in order to secure the release of two French hostages who had subsequently been kidnapped by Hezbollah in Beirut, a move that was condemned by the United Kingdom and the United States for setting a \"dangerous precedent\" in dealing with hostage situations. After",
"psg_id": "20336196"
},
{
"title": "Richard A. Waite",
"text": "died in 1911, survived by brother William T (also an architect), and by his five children: Richard A. Waite Richard Alfred Waite (May 14, 1848 – January 7, 1911) was a British-born American architect in the late 19th century. Richard Waite was born in London in 1848 as one of seven children (surviving included William T, Helen and Jennie) of Charles Henry Waite and his wife Harriet Humphries Holland. Richard Waite's father moved to America in 1856 with his wife and children and settled in Buffalo, New York to work in a printing company. Waite like many early architects, learned",
"psg_id": "6146020"
},
{
"title": "Richard A. Waite",
"text": "Richard A. Waite Richard Alfred Waite (May 14, 1848 – January 7, 1911) was a British-born American architect in the late 19th century. Richard Waite was born in London in 1848 as one of seven children (surviving included William T, Helen and Jennie) of Charles Henry Waite and his wife Harriet Humphries Holland. Richard Waite's father moved to America in 1856 with his wife and children and settled in Buffalo, New York to work in a printing company. Waite like many early architects, learned building design as an apprentice. He studied mechanical engineering in New York City under John Ericsson,",
"psg_id": "6146018"
},
{
"title": "The Order of Release",
"text": "The Order of Release The Order of Release, 1746 is a painting by John Everett Millais exhibited in 1853. It is notable for marking the beginnings of Millais's move away from the highly detailed Pre-Raphaelitism of his early years. Effie Gray, who later left her husband for the artist, modelled for the principal figure. The painting depicts the wife of a rebel Scottish soldier, who has been imprisoned after the Jacobite rising of 1745, arriving with an order securing his release. She holds her child, showing the order to a guard, while her husband embraces her. The \"Illustrated London News\"",
"psg_id": "9031983"
},
{
"title": "Jamie Waite",
"text": "Jamie Waite Jamie Waite (born 20 February 1986) is a Thai professional football goalkeeper who plays for Lowestoft Town. He has represented Thailand at full international level. He was born in Plymouth. Waite, the son of a British father and Thai mother, began his career as a junior in Thailand and made his debut for the national side aged just 15 years and 354 days when he came on as a second-half substitute in a game against Singapore in Bangkok. His form for the Thai national team attracted the attention of Rotherham United with who Waite started a three-year scholarship",
"psg_id": "10725333"
},
{
"title": "Tyrell Waite",
"text": "Tyrell Waite Tyrell Michael Nathaniel Waite (born 1 July 1994) is an English footballer who currently plays for Southern League Premier Central side Tamworth, where he plays as a forward. Waite came through the Ilkeston youth academy, scored the club's first ever competitive goal, and signed a two-year professional contract with the Northern Premier League Division One South club in March 2012. Later in that month he was signed by League One club Notts County, after impressing manager Keith Curle during a two-week trial. He made his debut for the club on 21 August 2012, replacing Lee Hughes 88 minutes",
"psg_id": "16728686"
},
{
"title": "A. E. Waite",
"text": "A. E. Waite Arthur Edward Waite (2 October 1857 – 19 May 1942), commonly known as A. E. Waite, was an American-born British poet and scholarly mystic who wrote extensively on occult and esoteric matters, and was the co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck. As his biographer R. A. Gilbert described him, \"Waite's name has survived because he was the first to attempt a systematic study of the history of western occultism—viewed as a spiritual tradition rather than as aspects of proto-science or as the pathology of religion.\" Waite was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States. Waite's father, Capt.",
"psg_id": "718520"
},
{
"title": "Lawrence Jenco",
"text": "suffered serious eye infections and other health problems as a result of his captivity. In changing from one hiding place to another, he was bound with tape and placed in stifling hiding places in trucks, lest he be found by soldiers or police inspecting a vehicle. He also suffered beatings by the guards. After a period of 18 months imprisonment, Jenco was freed on July 26, 1986, after months of negotiations involving the Reagan Administration, Shiite radicals and the Anglican envoy Terry Waite, who was himself later held hostage in Beirut for four and a half years. After his death,",
"psg_id": "2544074"
},
{
"title": "A. E. Waite",
"text": "It is known that the inspiration for this deck was partly provided by Sola-Busca Tarot (Northern Italy, 1491), the first and only fully illustrated Tarot deck up to the time of publication of the Rider-Waite Tarot. A. E. Waite Arthur Edward Waite (2 October 1857 – 19 May 1942), commonly known as A. E. Waite, was an American-born British poet and scholarly mystic who wrote extensively on occult and esoteric matters, and was the co-creator of the Rider-Waite Tarot deck. As his biographer R. A. Gilbert described him, \"Waite's name has survived because he was the first to attempt a",
"psg_id": "718527"
},
{
"title": "Herbert Waite",
"text": "to retire early. After retiring he represented J. P. Morgan, Citibank, and the Bankers Roundtable before the United States Congress. After becoming a lobbyist, Waite resided in Huddleston and Roanoke, Virginia. Waite died on July 23, 2007. Herbert Waite Herbert Roswell Waite (June 22, 1928 – July 23, 2007) was an American public relations executive, political figure, and lobbyist who served as Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican State Committee from February to September 1971. Waite was born and raised in Belmont, Massachusetts and graduated from Belmont High School. During World War II, he served with the United States Marine Corps",
"psg_id": "15591255"
},
{
"title": "Terry Fenwick",
"text": "his managerial days in England, Fenwick has spent a considerable amount of time in Trinidad and Tobago, where he has enjoyed a great degree of managerial success - winning the country's professional football league on four occasions (2002, 2003, 2007, and 2008). After securing a place in the Caribbean Champions League for Central FC, Fenwick signed for CS Visé in the Belgian Second Division at the time of the signature but the club was relegated at the end of the season. Terry Fenwick Terence William Fenwick (born 17 November 1959) is an English football coach and former player. Playing as",
"psg_id": "5992837"
},
{
"title": "John Waite (footballer)",
"text": "teams, including Lincolnshire Colts, Cleethorpes Town, British Titan Products and Lindsey Oil Refinery. Waite also wrote a weekly column for the \"Grimsby Telegraph\". He also reported live on running matches on local radio. Waite married his childhood sweetheart Susan Dale, who lived in the same neighborhood, in 1963. They had two children, Sally and Mark, the latter a professional soccer coach in the United States. Waite died on 3 April 2016. He was 74. John Waite (footballer) John Aidan Waite (16 January 1942 – 3 April 2016) was an English professional football player and manager. He played for Grimsby Town,",
"psg_id": "19437212"
},
{
"title": "Stacey Waite",
"text": "Stacey Waite Stacey Waite is a poet—focusing on both slam and written verse—who also works as an Assistant Professor of English at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Waite's poetry often explores themes of the body—of the intersections of gender, sexuality, place and relationships. She has published four collections of poetry over the past several years. Waite attended her first live slam poetry performance in New York City as a teen. Since moving to Nebraska, Waite has worked as a teaching artist with the Nebraska Writers Collective and its slam-poetry program Louder Than A Bomb (LTAB). LTAB allows high school students from",
"psg_id": "19394117"
},
{
"title": "Fred Waite (politician)",
"text": "revised edition. Waite also worked on the production of the three other volumes in the series, which were published around the same time. After the war, Waite returned to his Balclutha property which he converted to dairy farming. He remained a member of the TF for several years and was a major in the Otago Mounted Rifles Regiment before being promoted to lieutenant colonel and becoming its commander from 1927 to 1930. For his prolonged service with the TF, he eventually received the Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration. In 1935 he was awarded the King George V Silver Jubilee Medal.",
"psg_id": "14253939"
},
{
"title": "Charles Burlingame Waite",
"text": "Charles Burlingame Waite Charles Burlingame Waite (Wayne County, New York, 29 January 1824 – 1909) was a United States lawyer, jurist and author. He was educated at Knox College, Illinois, studied law at Galesburg and Rock Island, and was admitted to the bar in 1847. After 15 years' successful practice, chiefly in Chicago, he was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln in 1862 associate justice of the Utah Supreme Court. In 1865 he resigned this post and became district attorney of Idaho, and a year later he returned to Chicago and devoted himself to literary pursuits. In 1854 he married Catharine",
"psg_id": "16575938"
},
{
"title": "Terry Dozier",
"text": "have three daughters Kacey, Kelcee and Terinee. Terry Dozier Terry Linnard Dozier (born June 29, 1966 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a retired American professional basketball small forward who played high school basketball at Dunbar High in Baltimore, and later attended the University of South Carolina, where he played the full four years from 1985 to 1989. After his collegiate playing career was over, he went undrafted, but still managed to play 9 games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Charlotte Hornets during the 1989–90 season. His NBA career-highs are: 16 minutes, 6 points, 5 rebounds (3 defensive, 2",
"psg_id": "17759133"
},
{
"title": "Terry Dozier",
"text": "Terry Dozier Terry Linnard Dozier (born June 29, 1966 in Baltimore, Maryland) is a retired American professional basketball small forward who played high school basketball at Dunbar High in Baltimore, and later attended the University of South Carolina, where he played the full four years from 1985 to 1989. After his collegiate playing career was over, he went undrafted, but still managed to play 9 games in the National Basketball Association (NBA) with the Charlotte Hornets during the 1989–90 season. His NBA career-highs are: 16 minutes, 6 points, 5 rebounds (3 defensive, 2 offensive), 1 assist, 2 steals and 1",
"psg_id": "17759131"
},
{
"title": "Waite Court",
"text": "Waite Court The Waite Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1874 to 1888, when Morrison Waite served as the seventh Chief Justice of the United States. Waite succeeded Salmon P. Chase as Chief Justice after the latter's death. Waite served as Chief Justice until his death, at which point Melville Fuller was nominated and confirmed as Waite's successor. The Waite Court presided over the end of the Reconstruction Era, and the start of the Gilded Age. It also played an important role during the constitutional crisis that arose following the 1876 presidential election, as five",
"psg_id": "16560318"
},
{
"title": "Charlie Waite",
"text": "Charlie Waite Charlie Waite (born 18 February 1949) is an English landscape photographer noted for his \"painterly\" approach in using light and shade. Born in England, he worked in theatre and television for the first ten years of his professional life before moving to photography. He is noted for his square format images using a 6x6 Hasselblad. Waite is the recipient of a number of awards including the prestigious Honorary Fellowship to the British Institute of Professional Photography as well as Amateur Photography's 'Power of Photography Award' and is frequently invited all over the world to give lectures on landscape",
"psg_id": "9368186"
},
{
"title": "John Waite (broadcaster)",
"text": "its inception, and is the voice on \"The Economist\"’s weekly podcast. In 1990 a John Waite BBC Radio 4 broadcast was sampled by electronic band The Orb and used on their Little Fluffy Clouds single. At the beginning of the track John Waite can clearly be heard saying \"Over the past few years, to the traditional sounds of an English summer, the drone of lawnmowers, the smack of leather on willow, has been added a new noise...\". The Single went on to be a Number 10 hit on a 1993 re-release. As witnessed in April 2017, John Waite does some",
"psg_id": "10218470"
},
{
"title": "Electoral district of Waite",
"text": "Electoral district of Waite Waite is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after Peter Waite, a 19th century entrepreneur and philanthropist, it covers 75.4 km² of suburbs and foothills in Adelaide's inner south-east, taking in the suburbs of Belair, Blackwood, Brown Hill Creek, Coromandel East, Coromandel Valley, Crafers West, Craigburn Farm, Eden Hills, Glenalta, Hawthorndene, Kingswood, Lynton, Mitcham, Netherby, Springfield, Torrens Park, Urrbrae as well as part of Upper Sturt. Waite was created in the 1991 electoral distribution as a comfortably safe Liberal seat, replacing the abolished district of Mitcham, the only single-member lower",
"psg_id": "7380633"
},
{
"title": "Electoral district of Waite",
"text": "election and was succeeded by Sam Duluk, the former Liberal member for Davenport. Electoral district of Waite Waite is a single-member electoral district for the South Australian House of Assembly. Named after Peter Waite, a 19th century entrepreneur and philanthropist, it covers 75.4 km² of suburbs and foothills in Adelaide's inner south-east, taking in the suburbs of Belair, Blackwood, Brown Hill Creek, Coromandel East, Coromandel Valley, Crafers West, Craigburn Farm, Eden Hills, Glenalta, Hawthorndene, Kingswood, Lynton, Mitcham, Netherby, Springfield, Torrens Park, Urrbrae as well as part of Upper Sturt. Waite was created in the 1991 electoral distribution as a comfortably",
"psg_id": "7380635"
},
{
"title": "Change (John Waite song)",
"text": "Change (John Waite song) \"Change\" is a song written by Holly Knight and originally recorded by her then-band, Spider, who released the song on their 1981 second album, \"Between the Lines.\" The following year, English musician John Waite, newly a solo artist after fronting The Babys, recorded a version. It was released in 1982 as the lead single from Waite's Chrysalis Records album \"Ignition\". The song reached No. 16 on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart. It was aided by a hugely popular MTV music video. The song (Waite's version) was also featured on the 1985 \"Vision Quest\" soundtrack. The",
"psg_id": "20123857"
},
{
"title": "Niall of the Nine Hostages",
"text": "the 11th-century \"The Adventure of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon\" and \"The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages\". These sources date from long after Niall's time and they have little to no value as history. A legendary account of Niall's birth and early life is given in the possibly-11th-century tale \"Echtra mac nEchach Muimedóin\" (\"The adventure of the sons of Eochaid Mugmedón\"). In it, Eochaid Mugmedón, the High King of Ireland, has five sons, four, Brión, Ailill, Fiachrae and Fergus, by his first wife Mongfind, sister of the king of Munster, Crimthann mac Fidaig, and a fifth, Niall, by",
"psg_id": "4132282"
},
{
"title": "Law of Hostages",
"text": "to be used against or they refrained because they did not want to cause strife in their community. The law was repealed in November 1799 after Napoleon took power in the Coup of 18 Brumaire. Law of Hostages The Law of Hostages was a 1799 law enacted by the French Directory, during the final stages of the French Revolution in July-October 1799, in order to strengthen its power in regions that the Directory viewed as problematic. The law allowed local authorities to draw up lists of \"hostages\" who would be held responsible for certain criminal offences, and was particularly intended",
"psg_id": "5962388"
},
{
"title": "Peter Busby Waite",
"text": "Peter Busby Waite Peter Busby Waite, (born 1922) is a Canadian historian, and a retired Dalhousie University professor. Born in Toronto, Ontario, he attended high school in Saint John, New Brunswick. He obtained B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of British Columbia, and a PhD degree from the University of Toronto. He served with the Royal Canadian Navy during World War II, attaining the rank of Lieutenant. Popularly known as P.B. Waite, Dr. Waite began his association in 1951 with Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia. He taught at Dalhousie first as a lecturer in history (1951–55), then assistant",
"psg_id": "12195358"
},
{
"title": "Ric Waite",
"text": "Grill\", which aired in 1979. Waite earned his fourth, and final, Emmy nomination in 1996 for the television movie, \"Andersonville\", which aired on TNT. Waite's feature film debut as a cinematographer was \"The Long Riders\", a 1980 Western film directed by \"Walter Hill\". His numerous film credits as director of photography included \"Footloose\" by Herbert Ross; \"Red Dawn\" by John Milius; \"Brewster's Millions\", a 1985 film also by Hill; \"Summer Rental\" by director Carl Reiner; \"Volunteers\" by Nicholas Meyer; Cobra by George P. Cosmatos; and \"Adventures in Babysitting\" by Chris Columbus. Waite moved to the Denver metropolitan area in 2002.",
"psg_id": "16334621"
},
{
"title": "Battle of Beirut (1941)",
"text": "of Acre. The armistice placed Syria under the French general Charles de Gaulle. The triumphant entry of the Australian 7th Division into Beirut successfully established the Allied occupation of Lebanon. Beirut later became an important Allied base for Mediterranean naval operations. Battle of Beirut (1941) The Battle of Beirut (12 July 1941) marked the end of hostilities in the Syria-Lebanon campaign of World War II. The campaign saw the initial Allied deployment of 2 brigades of the Australian 7th Division, a brigade from the 1st British Cavalry Division, the 5th Indian Infantry Brigade which was deployed immediately from Eritrea after",
"psg_id": "10493821"
}
] | [
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"libya (national transitional council)",
"republic of libya",
"libya",
"state of libya",
"libyan republic (2011)",
"libyan republic",
"ⵍⵉⴱⵢⴰ",
"ليبيا",
"libiyah",
"lby",
"etymology of libya",
"al-jamahiriya al-%60arabiyah al-libiyah ash-sha%60biyah al-ishtirakiyah al-uzma",
"largest cities in libya",
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"free libya",
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] |
where did ferdinand marcos live in exile? | [
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Philippines. From Hawaii the body was flown to Guam then to Laoag in Ilocos Norte. The body of Marcos was not buried but was instead preserved in a refrigerated crypt hosted inside the Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center. In Honolulu, Hawaii, Marcos' body was also stored in a refrigerated crypt. Ramos' successor Joseph Estrada attempted to organize a burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery. Then President-elect Estrada had negotiations with Marcos' wife Imelda who initially also demanded state honors for the burial but later agreed to a burial without state honors. It was determined that Marcos would be buried",
"psg_id": "19681972"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Bust of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos (who died in exile in 1989), took the offer as a \"kind gesture\" but said that efforts to fix the monument should be a \"collective decision of the Marcoses and their supporters\". Ferdinand Marcos Jr., the son of the former president, said that restoring the bust was never a subject of discussion among the family. Bust of Ferdinand Marcos A concrete bust of President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos was built in Pugo, La Union. The monument was destroyed in December 2002. The bust bore the likeness of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the",
"psg_id": "18619252"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "bury former President Ferdinand Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery saying that Marcos was qualified to be buried at the cemetery due to being a \"former president and a soldier\". Duterte said he was open to demonstrations against the burial plan but insisted that the former President was qualified to be buried at the cemetery. He also added that the burial date may be moved to September 11 which was the birthday of the deceased president. Amidst criticism that Marcos did not deserve to be buried at the cemetery, Duterte said that burying Marcos at the site did not equate to",
"psg_id": "19681976"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos The Burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986) and dictator was originally scheduled on September 13, 2016 and later on October 18, 2016 at the Heroes' Cemetery in Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines. On November 8 of the same year, the Supreme Court eventually decided that Marcos be buried at Heroes' Cemetery on an unspecified date. The burial of Marcos took place on November 18, 2016. The burial of Ferdinand Marcos, who died in 1989, particularly at the Heroes' Cemetery has been a controversial issue as critics, particularly victims of human rights violations",
"psg_id": "19681964"
},
{
"title": "Bust of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Bust of Ferdinand Marcos A concrete bust of President of the Philippines Ferdinand Marcos was built in Pugo, La Union. The monument was destroyed in December 2002. The bust bore the likeness of Ferdinand Marcos, President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. The inside of the bust was hollow. The bust measured high and was made of concrete. Around 1978, the bust's construction began along Marcos Highway, which was later officially renamed Aspiras–Palispis Highway. The bust was constructed by the Philippine Tourism Authority and was meant to be the centerpiece of Marcos Park. The bust was positioned near the",
"psg_id": "18619247"
},
{
"title": "Military career of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "those \"whose families have cooperated with the Japanese military authorities.\" Lists of ailing prisoners released by the Manila press in the summer of 1942 did not include Ferdinand Marcos' name did not appear on any of those lists, and journalists later discovered documents stating that Ferdinand's father Mariano Marcos had been a propagandist working for the Japanese during the war, and had been \"executed by anti-Japanese guerrillas\" in 1945. After the fall of Bataan, Marcos claimed to have led a guerrilla force called \"Ang Mahárlika\" (Tagalog, \"The Freeman\") in northern Luzon during World War II. According to Marcos' claim, this",
"psg_id": "20712584"
},
{
"title": "Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969",
"text": "Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969 The 1969 reelection campaign of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Republic of the Philippines, started in July 1969 when incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos was unanimously nominated as the Presidential candidate of the Nacionalista Party, and concluded when the 1969 Philippine presidential election concluded with Marcos winning an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines. With Fernando Lopez as his vice president, he ran against the Liberal Party slate of, Sergio Osmena, Jr and Genaro Magsaysay. Ferdinand Marcos won his first campaign for the Philippine Presidency in November 1965, and was inaugurated",
"psg_id": "20807843"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "would be allowed if held in Marcos' home province instead of Manila. Imelda Marcos, the wife of Ferdinand Marcos opposed the move saying that the dying wish of her husband was to be buried in Manila. In January 1992, the Philippine government stated that it may not oppose the burial of Marcos anywhere in Metro Manila provided that Marcos' body was flown into the country after the 1992 Philippine election in May. The Marcos family opposed the condition and was waiting for a ruling of the Supreme Court at that time regarding their petition to bury Ferdinand Marcos as soon",
"psg_id": "19681969"
},
{
"title": "Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "as head of the Presidential Commission on Good Government, these cronies helped the Marcoses amass his wealth by aiding him in one or more of what Salonga called \"\"Marcos' Techniques of Plunder.\"\" These techniques, Says salonga, were: Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos Certain associates of the former Philippine president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos have benefited from their friendship with Marcos - whether in terms of legal assistance, political favours, or facilitation of business monopolies, during the latter's administration. Marcos critics, and the local and international press began referring to these individuals as \"cronies\" during the latter days of the Marcos dictatorship,",
"psg_id": "20728164"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Aquino III tasked then Vice President Jejomar Binay to study whether to bury Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery or not. The Office of the Vice President received 3,000 responses from various political parties, sectors, organizations, and members of the public on the issue. Binay recommended the burial of Marcos in his hometown of Batac with full military honors. Aquino did not act on the recommendation. Rodrigo Duterte supported the burial of Ferdinand Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery, even before he assumed presidency and expressed this stance at his presidential campaign in the 2016 elections. Duterte has expressed that a burial",
"psg_id": "19681974"
},
{
"title": "Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos Certain associates of the former Philippine president and dictator Ferdinand Marcos have benefited from their friendship with Marcos - whether in terms of legal assistance, political favours, or facilitation of business monopolies, during the latter's administration. Marcos critics, and the local and international press began referring to these individuals as \"cronies\" during the latter days of the Marcos dictatorship, and the Philippine government - especially the Presidential Commission on Good Governance (PCGG) - continued using the term after the ouster of the Marcoses in 1986. These \"cronies\" were awarded government commissions, projects and funds, many of",
"psg_id": "20728143"
},
{
"title": "Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center",
"text": "Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center The Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center is a museum situated in Batac, Ilocos Norte dedicated to former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos which also hosts the cenotaph of the former President. The museum shows memorabilia of the late president, from his stint in the armed forces down to his presidency. The large cenotaph which contains the glass-encased coffin in which the widely believed embalmed body of Marcos was on public display shortly after his remains were brought in Ilocos Norte from the United States in 1993 until his body was re-interred at the Heroes' Cemetery in",
"psg_id": "16226852"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "of the proclamation of martial law. The work of the Convention was affected by the declaration of martial law in September 1972 by President Ferdinand Marcos; the military units assigned to implement martial law were given a list of 400 individuals to arrest, consisting mostly of outspoken critics of Ferdinand Marcos' administration. This included a number of members of the Constitutional Convention. Some of the individuals on the list, such as Raul Manglapus, were either not in the Philippines when martial law was declared, while some, such as Raul Roco, where in the country but managed to evade arrest. However,",
"psg_id": "20734878"
},
{
"title": "Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential Center",
"text": "the body before it was flown to the Philippines. It was reported on August 2016, that Historian Antonio Montalvan II said that a close Marcos family friend of his revealed that the body displayed on the glass coffin was a wax figure and not the preserved remains of Ferdinand Marcos. Montalvan added that the real body of Marcos is buried underneath the glass coffin. A wax replica of Marcos' remains was reportedly left inside the glass coffin on the day Marcos' real body was interred at the Heroes' Cemetery. There are reportedly two or three replicas of Marcos' body. Ferdinand",
"psg_id": "16226856"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "November, Bonifacio Day, at the People Power Monument in Quezon City. On December 10, about 11,000 protesters marched on the streets in Capiz, Iloilo, Bacolod, Aklan, and Cebu, commemorating Human Rights Day. On the night of December 15, about 150 members of a group called Coalition against Marcos Burial gathered at the People Power Monument to attend the mass. Thousands of people celebrating the 31st anniversary 1986 People Power Revolution on February 25, 2017 with protests. Burial of Ferdinand Marcos The Burial of Ferdinand Marcos, the 10th President of the Philippines (1965–1986) and dictator was originally scheduled on September 13,",
"psg_id": "19682003"
},
{
"title": "Military career of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "the Japanese, Sharkey believed that Marcos may have been freed due to his connections with his father. Military career of Ferdinand Marcos The Military career of former Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos during World War II has been the subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international Military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was",
"psg_id": "20712589"
},
{
"title": "Military career of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Military career of Ferdinand Marcos The Military career of former Philippine dictator Ferdinand Marcos during World War II has been the subject of debate and controversy, both in the Philippines and in international Military circles. Marcos, who had received ROTC training, was activated for service in the US Armed Forces in the Philippines after the attack on Pearl Harbor. He served as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941, continuing until April 1942, after which he was taken prisoner. According to Marcos' account, he was released from prison by the Japanese on August 4,",
"psg_id": "20712577"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "return. Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in",
"psg_id": "20734892"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos At 7:17 pm on September 23, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos announced that he had placed the entirety of the Philippines under martial law. This marked the beginning of a 14-year period of one man rule which would effectively last until Marcos was exiled from the country on February 25, 1986. Even though the formal document proclaiming martial law - Proclamation No. 1081 - was formally lifted on January 17, 1981, Marcos retained virtually all of his powers as dictator until he was ousted by the EDSA Revolution. While the period of Philippine history in which",
"psg_id": "20734844"
},
{
"title": "Imelda Marcos",
"text": "on state visits, extravagant parties, shopping sprees, her jewelry and shoe collections, and for initiating multiple grand architectural projects using public funds, behavior which has come to be described in common parlance as \"Imeldific\". The People Power Revolution in February 1986 unseated the Marcoses and forced the family into exile. In 1991, President Corazon Aquino allowed the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the 1989 death of Ferdinand Marcos. Imelda Marcos was elected four times to the House of Representatives. She, along with her husband Ferdinand, are famous for holding the Guinness World Record for the \"Greatest Robbery",
"psg_id": "2013739"
},
{
"title": "Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969",
"text": "essentially took over the island, and motorcycle-riding thugs rode around terrorizing voters and Comelec officials, and beating up opposition leaders. Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1969, resulting in an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines for Incumbent President Marcos. Incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez was also elected to a third full term as Vice President of the Philippines. Twelve other candidates ran for president, however ten of those were widely considered \"nuisance candidates,\" and did not garner a significant number of votes in the election. Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969 The 1969",
"psg_id": "20807847"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "demonstrations in the afternoon. Left-leaning groups called on President Duterte to end his alliance with Marcoses. Anti-Marcos protestors and Marcos loyalists started a debate on the issue after the two sides made an encounter. Maria Serena Diokno, chairperson of the National Historical Commission of the Philippines (NHCP) submitted her resignation on November 29, 2016 in protest of the Marcos burial. She said that the burial \"erases the memory of the lives lost and destroyed\" during the Ferdinand Marcos administration and that it \" mocks the collective action the Filipinos\" took to remove Marcos from his post as President. She added",
"psg_id": "19682000"
},
{
"title": "Bongbong Marcos",
"text": "the Philippine government had still not recovered from them, on the condition that all civil cases be dropped – a deal that was eventually struck down by the Philippines' supreme court. Ferdinand Marcos would eventually die in exile in 1989. Marcos' Military aide, Arturo C Aruiza, would later reveal that Bongbong Marcos was the only family member present at the former dictator's deathbed. Bongbong Marcos was among the first of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines in 1991, and soon sought political office, beginning in the family's traditional bailiwick in Ilocos Norte. In 1992, Marcos was elected as",
"psg_id": "2918987"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "to be buried beside his mother in Batac, Ilocos Norte. Also according to Alunan, after the signing of the agreement, Imelda Marcos crossed out the burial clause and wrote in that Marcos was to be \"temporarily interred\" instead of being buried in Ilocos Norte. Alunan said that the terms of agreement could not be changed after it was signed but Mrs. Marcos insisted and came up with a new agreement paper with the changed clause. The revised paper was not signed by the government. It was on September 7, 1993 that the body of Ferdinand Marcos was flown into the",
"psg_id": "19681971"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Ferdinand Marcos was in power actually began seven years earlier, when he was first inaugurated president of the Philippines in late 1965, this article deals specifically with the period where he exercised dictatorial powers under martial law, and the period in which he continued to wield those powers despite technically lifting the proclamation of martial law in 1981. When he declared martial law in 1972, Marcos claimed that he had done so in response to the \"communist threat\" posed by the newly-founded Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP), and the sectarian \"rebellion\" of the Mindanao Independence Movement (MIM). Opposition figures",
"psg_id": "20734845"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "abuses during Marcos' term. The Philippine government was noted to have an obligation to provide compensations to the victims, both monetary and non-monetary, the latter of which includes symbolic reparation. The burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery was deemed by the dissenters as contrary to symbolic reparation entitled to the victims. By allowing the burial, President Duterte was \"encouraging impunity\". Marcos was described as \"a dictator forced out of office and into exile after causing twenty years of political, economic, and social havoc in the country\". The argue that Marcos' ouster following the People Power Revolution disqualified him from",
"psg_id": "19681982"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "on July 11, 1998. The planned burial of Marcos at the Heroes' Cemetery still received opposition even after state honors were not to be included in the planned burial. Former President Corazon Aquino was among those who opposed the move. Estrada remained firm on his decision until July 1998 when Estrada decided against the plan amidst public opposition saying that it would be better if the Marcos family agreed that Ferdinand Marcos be buried in Batac to put an end to \"bitter differences\" and give rest to \"various emotions and sentiments that flared up\". In April 2011, then President Benigno",
"psg_id": "19681973"
},
{
"title": "Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos' second term as President of the Philippines began on December 30, 1969, as a result of his winning the 1969 Philippine presidential election nearly two months earlier on November 11, 1969. Marcos was the first and last president of the Third Philippine Republic to win a second full term. The end of Marcos' second term was supposed to be in December 1973, which would also have been the end of his presidency because the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines allowed him to have only two four-year terms. However, Marcos issued",
"psg_id": "21001995"
},
{
"title": "Imee Marcos",
"text": "Ilocos Norte in 1998, saw her taking over the position previously held by her brother, Ferdinand Marcos Jr., who became governor of Ilocos Norte that same year. In the context of their mother Imelda Marcos' similar return to politics as congresswoman in Leyte in 1995, journalists and academics noted that the Marcoses had cemented a polittical dynasty after their return from exile, despite the explicit anti-dynasty provision in Article II Section 26 of the 1987 Constitution of the Philippines. Saying that this was a common occurrence because of the way Philippne society is structured, Imee Marcos asserted in a November",
"psg_id": "2920072"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the Tenth President of the Philippines on 30 December 1965. His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the 1935 Philippine Constitution had set a limit of only two four-year terms of office. Marcos had won the Philippine presidential election of 1965 against the incumbent President, Diosdado Macapagal. Before Marcos' Presidency, the Philippines was the second largest economy in Asia, behind only Japan. He pursued an aggressive program of infrastructure development funded by foreign loans, making him",
"psg_id": "20739512"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "debts that experts say the Philippines will have to keep paying well into 2025. The grandest infrastructure projects of Marcos' first term, especially the Cultural Center of the Philippines complex, also marked the beginning of what critics would call Ferdinand Marcos and First Lady Imelda Marcos' Edifice complex, with grand public infrastructures projects prioritized for public funding because of their propaganda value. When the time came for the Philippine Presidential election of 1969, it was taken for granted that Ferdinand Marcos and Fernando Lopez would be unanimously nominated as the respective presidential and vice presidential candidates of the Nacionalista party.",
"psg_id": "20739521"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "economy of the decision. In his 1987 treatise, \"Dictatorship & Martial Law: Philippine Authoritarianism in 1972\", University of the Philippines Public Administration Professor Alex Brillantes Jr. identifies three reasons expressed by the Marcos administration, saying that martial law: The first two justifications were explicitly stated in Proclamation 1081, which cited two explicit justifications: \"to save the republic\" (from various plots); and \"to reform society\" (after the failure of American-style democracy). The third rationalization arose from the administration's propaganda, which portrayed Ferdinand Marcos as a hypermasculine figure able to compel the obedience of supposedly \"spoiled\" Filipinos. Opposition to Marcos' declaration of",
"psg_id": "20734848"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "law. The opposition bloc had effectively been decimated and the threat of imprisonment hung over any delegates who might voice opposition in the convention. The regular rules of the convention were suspended and a 166-member group headed by Marcos-supporting Delegate Gilberto Duavit came up with a new draft of the constitution. By November 29, 1972 - a little over two months after the declaration of martial law, the convention approved the draft, and it was presented to Ferdinand Marcos in Malacañang palace on December 1, 1972. Marcos' 14 years as dictator is historically remembered for its record of human rights",
"psg_id": "20734880"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Bonifacio. Santa Monica Church in Sarrat, the Immaculate Conception Church in Batac, and the Saint Agustine Church in Paoay were earlier prepared for the wake for former President Marcos before the burial at the Heroes' Cemetery. The Philippine National Police were informed on the night of November 17, 2016 that the burial will take place the day after. The police confirmed the scheduled burial in the morning of November 18. The November 18 burial was scheduled to take place at noon. The remains of Ferdinand Marcos was airlifted from Ilocos Norte at 9:00 a.m. (UTC+8) and was brought to the",
"psg_id": "19681986"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "An initiative called Bawat Bato () was launched, urging those who oppose the plan to dump stones with names of victims of abuses during the Martial Law era of Ferdinand Marcos or a personal message at the proposed site of the burial of Marcos within the Heroes' Cemetery. On July 17, 2016, a group of people participated in a protest run around the Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City led by Fr. Robert Reyes. Reyes said, “whom, in the minds of martial law victims, is a traitor and dictator, is a terrible insult to history and the country itself.” About",
"psg_id": "19681991"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "to have no bearing due to the cases being civil in nature. It was added that it's up to the people to decide on the matter. The concurring judges also clarified that the court is exercising judicial restraint on an issue they say is \"truly political in nature\" and that the resulting stigma of Ferdinand Marcos' Martial Law regime will \"not be forgotten by the Filipino people\" and Marcos' burial at the cemetery \"will not rewrite history\". The Chief Justice said that the burial disregards both international and domestic laws in regards to giving justice to victims of human rights",
"psg_id": "19681981"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "plan shortly before the burial. The Marcos family requested the government to conduct the burial in private, and confidentially. A budget was allocated by the government on the burial and the exceeding budget reportedly will be shouldered by the Marcoses. No exact figures regarding the budget allocated for the burial rites were disclosed. Ferdinand Marcos was buried in a marble finished tomb with a cauldron that has a flame burning inside. 2013-2017 Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) president Lingayen-Dagupan Archbishop Socrates Villegas, a protegé of late Manila Archbishop Jamie Sin during EDSA 1986, said through text to Rappler,",
"psg_id": "19681988"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "economy brought about the social unrest which motivated the proclamation of Martial Law in 1972. The 1969 elections were held on 11 November, and Marcos won an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines. His running mate, incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez was also elected to a third full term as Vice President of the Philippines. First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos was inaugurated to his first term as the Tenth President of the Philippines on 30 December 1965. His inauguration marked the beginning of his two-decade long stay in power, even though the",
"psg_id": "20739525"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "the duty to combat impunity as well as to preserve memory—all of which are international commitments that the Philippines is bound to observe. Following the Supreme Court decision, preparations for the burial were commenced. Ilocos Norte Governor and daughter of Ferdinand Marcos, Imee Marcos says that the burial will be done with \"simple rites like an ordinary soldier\", and insisted that the event will not be a state funeral but a \"funeral for a soldier\" which she says her father wished for. She also added that the family is willing to airlift the former President's remains from Batac to Fort",
"psg_id": "19681985"
},
{
"title": "Ferdinand Marcos presidential campaign, 1969",
"text": "just before new year's day in December the same year. Under the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines which was in force at the time, Marcos was supposed to be allowed a maximum of two four year terms as President. The formal beginning of the 1969 campaign can be dated to the July 1969 meeting of the Philippines' Nacionalista Party, in which Ferdinand Marcos was formally nominated as the party's presidential candidate. A meeting of the party's ruling junta had met a week earlier to assure that the nomination would be unanimous. With his popularity already beefed up by debt-funded spending,",
"psg_id": "20807844"
},
{
"title": "Military career of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "bombed many places in the Philippines, including Clark Field. The 14th Army began its invasion with a landing on Batan Island (not to be confused with Bataan Peninsula), 120 miles (190 km) off the north coast of Luzon on the same day, by selected naval infantry units. Landings on Camiguin Island and at Vigan, Aparri, and Gonzaga in northern Luzon followed two days later. Marcos was one of those who were called into the army as a 3rd lieutenant during the mobilization in the summer and fall of 1941. The U.S. Army has confirmed that Ferdinand Marcos fought on the",
"psg_id": "20712582"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "television channel KBS-9 went back on air playing episodes of Hanna-Barbera's \"Wacky Races\" cartoon series, which was interrupted at 3:00 PM, when Press Secretary Francisco Tatad went on air to read Proclamation No. 1081, through which Marcos declared martial law. Ferdinand Marcos himself went on air at 7:15 that evening to formalize the announcement. On the following Morning, September 24, the headline of Benedicto's \"Daily Express\" announced \"FM Declares Martial Law\" - the only newspaper to come out in the immediate aftermath of martial law. The declaration shut down 7 Television Stations, 16 National Daily Newspapers, 11 Weekly Magazines, 66",
"psg_id": "20734876"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Marcos being a \"hero in the true sense of the word\". He pointed out that former soldiers and presidents are allowed to be buried at the cemetery and that he would be violating the law if he did not push through with the burial and added that the previous administrations should have passed a law to bar Marcos from being buried at the Heroes' Cemetery. Duterte said he doesn't care about the dispute regarding the authenticity of Marcos' war medals and the non-appearance of Marcos' alleged World War II service in United States records. Marcos was originally scheduled to be",
"psg_id": "19681977"
},
{
"title": "Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "He also admitted that the Marcos-tied corporations of Ancor, Calno, Kuodo and Camelton belonged to him. Eduardo “Danding” Cojuangco kept close, familial ties with the Marcoses. Aside from business and political dealings, Cojuanco and Marcos are godfathers to each other’s children — Cojuangco to Marcos’ junior, nicknamed Bongbong, and Marcos to Cojuangco’s son which he named ‘Marcos’. Cojuangco, with Juan Ponce Enrile, were involved with the Coco Levy Fund Scam, which taxed small farmers with the promise of shares in the coconut investment company (Cocofund). However, farmers benefitted nothing from this levy, as the middle-men did not return receipts that",
"psg_id": "20728149"
},
{
"title": "Bongbong Marcos",
"text": "Marcos ran for Vice President of the Philippines in the 2016 election. With a difference of 263,473 votes, 0.64 percent difference, Marcos suffered a narrow and controversial loss to Leni Robredo. Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr., nicknamed 'Bongbong', was born on September 13, 1957, to Ferdinand E. Marcos and Imelda Remedios Visitacion Romualdez. His father Ferdinand Sr. had been Representative of the Second District of Ilocos Norte when he was born, and became Senator two years later. Marcos Jr. was only 8 years old when his father was first inaugurated as the tenth President of the Philippines in 1965, but because",
"psg_id": "2918969"
},
{
"title": "Pacifico Marcos",
"text": "finally dismissed in 2007 by the Supreme Court, which said there was no evidence that the loan was given simply because Pacifico Marcos was a \"crony\" of the former president. His son, Mariano \"Nonong\" Marcos II, is now a provincial board member in Ilocos Norte. Pacifico Marcos Pacífico Edralín Marcos (born January 30, 1919) is a physician and the younger brother of former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos. As of June 2018, he is the last surviving sibling of Ferdinand Marcos. Dr. Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Mariano Rubio Marcos and Josefa Quetulio Edralin. Marcos,",
"psg_id": "6793689"
},
{
"title": "Marcos dynasty",
"text": "Marcos dynasty The political dynasty of the Marcos family in the Philippines traces its beginnings to the 1925 election of Mariano Marcos to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte; reached its peak during the 21-year reign of Ferdinand Marcos as president of the Philippines which included the declaration of Martial Law throughout the country; and continues today with the political careers of Imelda Marcos, Imee Marcos, and Ferdinand Marcos Jr. Imee Marcos has attributed the continued reign of the Marcos family to the inherent feudalism of Philippine culture. Although nominally democratic, Philippine",
"psg_id": "20886208"
},
{
"title": "Marcos mansions",
"text": "the Marcoses. Another property, the Banaue Inn compound, is located just behind the Campos house. Closer to the main seat of power, Marcos Mansions were located in Makati, Parañaque, Pandacan, and San Juan. Houses were once again designated for each of the three Marcos Children: a residence in Seaside Subdivision, Parañaque was designated for Bongbong Marcos, one in Wack Wack Subdivision in Mandaluyong was designated for Imee Marcos, while a house in Forbes Park, Makati, was designated for Irene Marcos. Other locations where Marcos Mansions were built include several in Ilocos Norte and Leyte, the home provinces of Ferdinand and",
"psg_id": "20703595"
},
{
"title": "Pacifico Marcos",
"text": "Pacifico Marcos Pacífico Edralín Marcos (born January 30, 1919) is a physician and the younger brother of former President of the Philippines Ferdinand E. Marcos. As of June 2018, he is the last surviving sibling of Ferdinand Marcos. Dr. Marcos was born in Sarrat, Ilocos Norte to Mariano Rubio Marcos and Josefa Quetulio Edralin. Marcos, a graduate of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine and a member of the Mu Sigma Phi Fraternity, was a President of the Philippine Medical Association. In 1971 he was appointed the first chair of the nine-member Philippine Medical Care Commission. This commission",
"psg_id": "6793686"
},
{
"title": "Imee Marcos",
"text": "She then stated: \"\"As we all know, these are political accusations that have not been proven in court.\"\" Marcos is the eldest daughter of Ferdinand Marcos and Imelda Romuáldez Marcos. Her siblings are, Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Marcos Jr., Irene Marcos-Araneta, and Aimee Marcos. She also has a number of half-siblings who are not as known by the public at large. This includes three siblings which her father had with Carmen Ortega of the powerful Ortega clan of La Union, who was his common-law wife before he married Imelda Romuáldez. Imee Marcos was married to golfer and former professional basketball coach Tommy",
"psg_id": "2920086"
},
{
"title": "Imelda Marcos",
"text": "With accusations against her beginning to rise, Ferdinand created the Agrava Commission, a fact-finding committee, to investigate her, ultimately finding her not guilty. On 7 February 1986, snap elections were held between Ferdinand Marcos and Corazon Aquino, the widow of Benigno Aquino Jr. Despite Ferdinand Marcos claiming to have won the elections, allegations of vote rigging led to mass protests that would be later known as the People Power Revolution. On 25 February, Ferdinand Marcos with his wife Imelda by his side still held the inauguration at Malacañang Palace. The couple later emerged on the Palace balcony in front of",
"psg_id": "2013791"
},
{
"title": "Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "became disenchanted with the excesses of the Marcos administration and wanted to join the opposition after 1971 often joined the ranks of the radicals, simply because they represented the only group vocally offering opposition to the Marcos government. Plaza Miranda was soon followed by a series of about twenty explosions which took place in various locations in Metro Manila in the months immediately proceeding Ferdinand Marcos' proclamation of Martial Law. The first of these bombings took place on March 15, 1972, and the last took place on September 11, 1972 - twelve days before martial law was announced on September",
"psg_id": "21002009"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "which they describe as a \"fascist dictator\". The Kabataan condemn the burial labeling it as a \"grave travesty\" and as \"\"galawang Hokage\"\" (lit. \"Hokage\" move; \"Hokage\" is a high-ranked ninja in the \"Naruto\" anime franchise). Vice President Robredo expressed disappointment stating that “like a thief in the night, the Marcos family deliberately hid the information of burying former President Marcos today from the Filipino people.” Students from various universities and other groups joined the protest held across the country including Metro Manila, Cebu City, Davao City, etc. Senator Franklin Drilon gave a statement about the burial, “like what Marcos did",
"psg_id": "19681998"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "buried on September 13 then October 18 after the oral arguments on petitions to stop the burial. Eventually, on 8 November, the Supreme Court of the Philippines allowed Marcos to be buried of Heroes' Cemetery with the votes of 9-5, with one abstention dismissing the status quo ante imposed to block attempts to bury Marcos in the Heroes Cemetery. The concurring judges said that the Supreme Court cannot decide on the matter since it is a political question which was deemed not justiciable. They argue that President Duterte did not abuse his discretion when he allowed the burial of Marcos",
"psg_id": "19681978"
},
{
"title": "Bongbong Marcos",
"text": "Bongbong Marcos Ferdinand \"Bongbong\" Romualdez Marcos Jr. (born September 13, 1957) is a Filipino politician and former senator in the 16th Congress of the Philippines. He is the second child and only son of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos and of former First Lady Imelda Romualdez-Marcos. In 1980, the 23-year-old Bongbong Marcos became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte, running unopposed under the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan party of his father, who still ruled the Philippines under martial law at the time. He then became Governor of Ilocos Norte in 1983, holding that office until his family was ousted from power by",
"psg_id": "2918967"
},
{
"title": "Marcos dynasty",
"text": "Philippine Presidential Election of 1965 to become the tenth President of the Philippines, staying in the position for 21 years despite the eight year (two four year terms) limitation set by the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines by placing the country under Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos' political prominence would pave the way for other members of the Marcos family to be appointed or elected to various national elections - what would eventually become known as the Marcos dynasty. Some time in 1978, Ferdinand Marcos began an affair with Nashville actress Dovie Beams. When Marcos got tired of the",
"psg_id": "20886217"
},
{
"title": "Marcos dynasty",
"text": "1992. However, they were able to return to political power that same year, with the election of Ferdinand Marcos Jr as congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte. At least one other branch of the family - that of Ferdinand Sr's sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon, is also in politics, with her son Michael Marcos Keon having been elected board member and governor of Ilocos Norte in 2004 and 2007 respectively. The Marcos political dynasty is generally acknowledged to have been founded when Mariano Marcos Y Rubio (1897-1945) was elected to the Philippine House of Representatives as congressman for the second",
"psg_id": "20886211"
},
{
"title": "Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "worth was $800 million. Lucio Tan styles himself as a rags-to-riches self-made millionaire who worked his way up from sweeping and mopping floors to becoming one of the most influential people in Philippine history. However, a closer inspection at his history will reveal deep connections and cronyism to President Ferdinand Marcos, who was able to launch Tan’s immense wealth through sky-high tariff rates on imported cigarettes, under-the-table tax breaks, and government exemptions, all of which allowed Lucio Tan to have a “virtual monopoly for over 40 years in the Philippine Market”. Fortune Tobacco Corp, founded in 1966 (FTC), is the",
"psg_id": "20728155"
},
{
"title": "Michael Marcos Keon",
"text": "Michael Marcos Keon Michael Edward Marcos Keon (born September 22, 1954) is a Filipino politician. Keon is the son of Australian journalist Michael Keon and Elizabeth E. Marcos-Keon, governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971 to 1983 and the nephew of former president Ferdinand Marcos. His mother, the first female vice-governor and governor of Ilocos Norte, was the sister of former President Ferdinand E. Marcos. His Australian father, Michael James Keon worked for the United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization and had a hand in setting up the International Rice Research Institute in Los Baños, Laguna. Michael James Keon joined the",
"psg_id": "13914277"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "during the Martial Law era, and participants of the People Power Revolution have opposed attempts to bury Marcos, who they deem as unfit to be buried at the particular cemetery due to his authoritarian rule, and allege that the Marcos family has yet to return money illegally removed from the country's treasury. Opinion on his burial remains split: 50 percent of the 1,800 respondents of a survey conducted by SWS in February 2016 said Marcos “was worthy to be buried at the Libingan ng Mga Bayani” while the other half rejected a hero’s burial. There were conflicting claims on where",
"psg_id": "19681965"
},
{
"title": "Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "and Philippine American Life and General Insurance Company (PhilamLife); the Cubao branch of the Philippine Trust Company (now known as PhilTrust Bank); the Senate Publication Division and the Philippine Sugar Institute in Quezon City, and the South Vietnamese embassy. Hoever, only one of these incidents - the one in the Carriedo shopping mall - went beyond damage to property; one woman was killed and about 40 persons were injured. Marcos issued Proclamation 1081 in late September 1972, placing the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law and effectively extending his presidency indefinitely. Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"psg_id": "21002011"
},
{
"title": "First term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "very popular throughout almost all of his first term and eventually making him the first and only President of the Third Philippine republic to win a second term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his second term, and would eventually lead to his declaration of Martial Law in 1972. Ferdinand Marcos was a member of the Liberal Party (LP) in 1965, becoming Senate President during the presidential term of fellow Liberal Macapagal. Marcos found his ambitions to run for president blocked when Macapagal decided to run for a second term, so",
"psg_id": "20739513"
},
{
"title": "Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "group, it soon became the leading communist party in the Philippines. When Marcos became President in 1965, the PKP was a weakened organization, and the Hukbalahap reduced to \"what amounted to banditry.\" But Marcos immediately made noise about the supposed \"communist threat\" - drawing on images of the bloody Huk encounters of the 1950s, and courting the Johnson administration's political support in light of the U.S.' recent entry into the Vietnam war. Marcos continued using communism as bogeyman after 1968, as the PKP faded into obscurity and the nascent CPP became more prominent. The Armed Forces of the Philippines did",
"psg_id": "20734864"
},
{
"title": "Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "power even beyond the two term maximum set for the presidency by the 1935 constitution. The media reports of the time classified the various civil society groups opposing Marcos into two categories. The \"Moderates\", which included church groups, civil libertarians, and nationalist politicians, were those who wanted to create change through political reforms. The \"radicals\", including a number of labor and student groups, wanted broader, more systemic political reforms. With the Constitutional Convention occupying their attention from 1971 to 1973, statesmen and politicians opposed to the increasingly more-authoritarian administration of Ferdinand Marcos mostly focused their efforts on political efforts from",
"psg_id": "21001999"
},
{
"title": "Imelda Marcos",
"text": "serious rival would be Senator Sergio Osmeña, Jr. Marcos used the First Lady as his special ace and made her campaign in Cebu using her glamor and charm among the Cebuanos. In the 1985 & 1969 presidential elections, Ferdinand even called Imelda Marcos as his \"secret weapon.\" Through the combined efforts of the President and First Lady, they were able to repudiate the leadership of Osmena in his own province. All eight Senatorial candidates of the Nacionalista party in Cebu won and 47 out of 49 Cebu towns were captured by the Marcos-led Nacionalistas. Imelda knew that her husband Ferdinand",
"psg_id": "2013760"
},
{
"title": "Imee Marcos",
"text": "FLT Films International) were scored by industry critics. By 1985 ECP was producing \"about twenty sexually exlplicit quickies\" which they hoped to screen at the three screening rooms of the National Film Center. The films were assured of a neat profit despite the few screening venues. The Marcoses got a lot of criticism during the last part of Ferdinand Marcos' reign because of their conspicuous spending, which was far beyond their legal means, as expressed in the Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos' legally-required Statements of Assets Liabilities and Net Worth (SALN). Some of the specific things Imee Marcos enjoyed were her",
"psg_id": "2920062"
},
{
"title": "Imelda Marcos",
"text": "within this time frame, the escalation in the increase of the expenditures are highly questionable. She called the CCP Complex the \"sanctuary of the Filipino soul\", as it became the locus of all state-initiated cultural productions. Another construction project closely linked with Imelda Marcos during Ferdinand Marcos' first term is the San Juanico Bridge, which links Samar to Imelda's home province of Leyte. Although it wasn't initiated by Imelda herself, it was promoted by the administration as Ferdinand Marcos' gift to his wife. It was funded with foreign loans of US$22 million (about ), from Japan's Overseas Technical Cooperation Agency",
"psg_id": "2013774"
},
{
"title": "Second term of the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "1972 when a delegate exposed a bribery scheme in which delegates were paid to vote in favor of the Marcoses – with First Lady Imelda Marcos herself implicated in the alleged payola scheme. The investigation on the scheme was effectively shelved when Marcos declared martial law in September 1972, and had 11 opposition delegates arrested. The remaining opposition delegates were forced to go either into exile or hiding. Within two months, an entirely new draft of the constitution was created from scratch by a special committee. The 1973 constitutional plebiscite was called to ratify the new constitution, but the validity",
"psg_id": "21002005"
},
{
"title": "Mariano Marcos",
"text": "smaller local election rather than a national race, easily regaining the family's traditional post of Congressman for the Second District of Ilocos Norte. Since then, Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Imee Marcos have run for numerous posts, alternatingly winning posts including the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the governorship of Ilocos Norte. Ferdinand Jr. became a Senator from 2010 to 2016, and ran for the post of Vice President during the 2016 Philippine National election, but narrowly lost to Leni Robredo. Mariano Marcos Mariano Marcos y Rubio",
"psg_id": "8349671"
},
{
"title": "Marcos dynasty",
"text": "the Second District of Ilocos Norte. Since then, Imelda, Ferdinand Jr., and Imee Marcos have run for numerous posts, alternatingly winning posts including the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the house seat for the Second District of Ilocos Norte, the governorship of Ilocos Norte. Ferdinand Jr. became a Senator from 2010 to 2016, and ran for the post of Vice President during the 2016 Philippine National election, but narrowly lost to Leni Robredo. First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation First Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Marcos dynasty The political dynasty of the Marcos family",
"psg_id": "20886223"
},
{
"title": "Comedy in the Philippines",
"text": "political mainstream. A number of comedians became very popular for this, notably Willie Nepomuceno and Tessie Tomas, who were known for their comedic impersonations of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos. Nepomuceno would later reveal that he would regularly be approached by generals of the Armed Forces of the Philippines to stop impersonating Marcos \"\"dahil siya ang presidente\"\" (because he's the president) and he's supposed to be treated with respect. Nepumoceno says that he still did the impersonations because he felt that was the only way he was able to serve the country during the dictatorship. The ouster and eventual exile of",
"psg_id": "14744947"
},
{
"title": "Timeline of the Marcos dictatorship",
"text": "Timeline of the Marcos dictatorship This timeline of the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos in the Philippines covers three periods of Philippine history in which Marcos wielded political control. First, it covers the period of Marcos' first two terms—1965 to 1969 and 1969 to 1972—under the 1935 Consititution, as well as the antecedent events which brought Marcos to political power. Second, it covers the period in which Proclamation 1081, which put the entirety of the Philippines under Martial Law, was in force—from September 1972 to January 1981. Lastly, it covers the entirety of the period described as the \"Fourth Republic,\" where",
"psg_id": "20723621"
},
{
"title": "Marcos mansions",
"text": "Marcos mansions The term “Marcos mansions” refers to at least fifty upscale residences which are considered part of the ill-gotten wealth of the family of former Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. Along with the Marcos jewels, art collection, and shoe hoard, the Marcos Mansions are frequently cited to illustrate the Marcos family’s wanton spending during the dictatorship. Because the estimated cost of these mansions is much more than the income recorded in Marcos’ sworn statement of assets and liabilities (SALN), the number, size, and opulence of these mansions is interpreted by the Philippine government as prima facie evidence that the Marcoses",
"psg_id": "20703591"
},
{
"title": "Imee Marcos",
"text": "Force Base at the expense of the US Government. A month later, they moved into a pair of residences in Makiki Heights, Honolulu, which were registered to Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. Marcos would eventually die in exile in 1989. President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the Marcoses, including Imee, to return to the Philippines in order to face various charges. News reports from the period record that Marcos supporters organized crowd from Manila's slums to welcome the Marcoses on their return. Twelve years after her family's exile, Marcos returned to the world of politics. She ran as Congresswoman",
"psg_id": "2920069"
},
{
"title": "Marcos mansions",
"text": "the summer residence of the Philippine head of state. Four of these houses occupy roughly five hectares of land on Outlook Drive, just across the Mansion house, and were each designated to a member of the Marcos Family - the \"Wigwam House Compound\" for Bongbong Marcos, the \"Fairmont House Compound for Imee Marcos, the \"Hans Menzi House compound\" for Irene Marcos, and a fourth house for Ferdinand Marcos' mother Doña Josefa Edralin Marcos. Located on the same road is a two story house called the \"Lualhati residence\", whose title was held by Marcos crony Jose Y. Campos on behalf of",
"psg_id": "20703594"
},
{
"title": "Mariano Marcos",
"text": "that same province from 1983-1986. Secondborn Imee Marcos to become chairman of the Kabataang Barangay from 1975 to 1986. Although the Marcos family was removed from power by civilian protests during the 1986 People Power Revolution, President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the members of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the death of Ferdinand Marcos, supposedly so that they could face various corruption charges. Within a year of arriving, Imelda Marcos was running for president in the 1992 Philippine Presidential election, finishing 5th out of 7 candidates. In that same yar Marcos Jr. ran in a much",
"psg_id": "8349670"
},
{
"title": "Where Did Your Heart Go?",
"text": "Where Did Your Heart Go? \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\" is a song written by American musicians David Was and Don Was. The song was first recorded and released by the writers' disco-dance-rock band Was (Not Was) as a single in the UK as a double A-side with \"Wheel Me Out\" in September 1981. The single did not chart. It was featured as the second track on the band's début album \"Was (Not Was)\" in August 1981. French editions of the single included the track \"It's an Attack!\" as the B-side. A live recording of \"Where Did Your Heart Go?\"",
"psg_id": "11903014"
},
{
"title": "Bongbong Marcos",
"text": "the EDSA revolution. Since he had reached the age of majority and were \"already adults during the height of the martial law regime\", government investigators and critics alike consider him, in the words of Congressman Edcel Lagman, \"old enough when the documented atrocities and plunder were committed by the conjugal dictatorship of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos\". Marcos is generally considered to have benefitted from the Marcos family's unexplained wealth. Aside from the tuition, USD 10,000.00 monthly allowance, and the estates used by Marcos Jr. and Imee Marcos during their respective studies at Wharton and Princeton, each of the Marcos children",
"psg_id": "2918980"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "Marcos' body\". Manila Archbishop Cardinal Luis Antonio Tagle remained silent on the burial and instead chose to offer prayers for the Marcos family and the Filipinos. The late Leopoldo S. Tumulak of the Military Ordinariate of the Philippines echoed the same sentiments of Arguelles. A poll conducted by the Social Weather Stations (SWS) in March 2011 showed that opinion is split. The same trend appears in a follow up poll by SWS in February 2016. However validated voters instead of just anyone who is 18 years and above as done in the 2011 poll, where queried for the 2016 poll.",
"psg_id": "19681990"
},
{
"title": "Burial of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "of Marcos at the site would commence the \"healing\" of the Philippines and pointed out Marcos' idealism and vision for the country through his projects which \"stood the test of time\" and that Marcos' dictatorship \"remains to be debated\". Duterte previously stated that Marcos could have been the best president if not for the abuses during the Martial law period under Marcos' watch. At the Visayas leg of the PiliPinas Debates 2016, Duterte and fellow candidate Jejomar Binay expressed their support for a Marcos burial at the heroes' cemetery. On August 7, 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte gave the order to",
"psg_id": "19681975"
},
{
"title": "Cronies of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "presidential campaign funds, and it was in his Davao estate where Marcos launched his 1969 presidential campaign in southern Philippines. Under the Marcos administration, Floirendo’s company Tagum Agricultural Development Company, Inc. (TADECO) leased 6,000 hectares of prime, fertile, government land and employed prison labor from the neighboring prisons. This project was formerly halted during the Macapagal Administration. It violated the 1935 Constitution of the Philippines and Philippine corporate law, which permitted only up to 1,024 land acquisition. Sen. Lorendo Tañada chaired a Blue Ribbon Committee investigation into the matter, which caused Floirendo to retreat the plan to wait for a",
"psg_id": "20728146"
},
{
"title": "Imelda Marcos",
"text": "Beams, the two had an affair and she was moved into one of Ferdinand's safe houses, where she recorded their lovemaking with Ferdinand's full consent. These tapes were later played in a press conference, causing great humiliation for Imelda. Members of the Marcos Cabinet such as Cesar Virata and Gerardo Sicat recount that Imelda used the humiliation of the Dovie Beams affair as leverage to begin developing an independent political agenda which gave her more and more political power.} Initially, this meant that Imelda had free rein on her projects while Ferdinand prepared for the 1969 campaign,} but as Marcos'",
"psg_id": "2013778"
},
{
"title": "Military career of Ferdinand Marcos",
"text": "of the Department of History of the University of the Philippines, Marcos's claims in his self-commissioned autobiography \"Marcos of the Philippines\" that Gen. Douglas MacArthur pinned on him the Distinguished Service Cross medal for delaying Japanese at Bataan for 3 months was highly improbable. John Sharkey of the \"Washington Post\" found records that Marcos was in the list of those that were released due to either \"having severe health problems and those whose families have cooperated with the Japanese military authorities.\" Since Marcos's name did not appear in the 1942 \"Manila Tribune\" list of ailing prisoners that were released by",
"psg_id": "20712588"
},
{
"title": "Marcos, Ilocos Norte",
"text": "Marcos, Ilocos Norte ', officially the ', is a in the province of , . According to the , it has a population of people. Marcos town was formerly a part of Dingras, Ilocos Norte, and the town was created in 1963 by Republic Act No. 3753, was named in honor of Mariano Marcos (April 21, 1897 – March 8, 1945) who was the father of the former president Ferdinand Marcos. Four barangays were named after Mariano Marcos' four children: Marcos is politically subdivided into 13 barangays. The small town of Marcos has seen multiple violent political attacks. On the",
"psg_id": "5344870"
},
{
"title": "Marcos dynasty",
"text": "Makiki Heights, Honolulu, which were registered to marcos cronies Antonio Floirendo and Bienvenido and Gliceria Tantoco. President Corazon Aquino eventually allowed the members of the Marcos family to return to the Philippines after the death of Ferdinand Marcos, supposedly so that they could face various corruption charges. Within a year of returning to the Philippines, Imelda Marcos was running for president in the 1992 Philippine Presidential election, finishing 5th out of 7 candidates. In that same yar Marcos Jr. ran in a much smaller local election rather than a national race, easily regaining the family's traditional post of Congressman for",
"psg_id": "20886222"
},
{
"title": "Imee Marcos",
"text": "November 2018, the Sandiganbayan anti-graft court found that illegal Swiss foundations were used to earn from investments and interests to benefit Imelda and Ferdinand Marcos and their beneficaries Imee Marcos, Bongbong Marcos, and Irene Marcos-Araneta. The Sandiganbayan's 5th Division convicted former Imelda Marcos for creating and maintaining seven private foundations in Switzerland while holding government positions from 1968 to 1986. The Imee and her siblings were named as beneficiaries of two of the illegal foundations: the Trinidad Foundation and the Xandy Foundation. She formerly belonged to the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan, or KBL, the political party of her father. Subsequently, she",
"psg_id": "2920080"
},
{
"title": "Bongbong Marcos",
"text": "Ferdinand Marcos Sr.'s term was extended by his 1972 declaration of Martial Law, Marcos Jr turned 18 – the Philippines' age of legal majority – with his father still president, in 1974. His godfathers included prominent Marcos cronies Eduardo \"Danding\" Cojuanco Jr., and pharmaceuticals magnate Jose Yao Campos. Although his career as a politician would formally begin at age 23 when he became Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte, his father's political profile meant that the Marcos children, particularly Bongbong and his sister Imee, became an integral part of the Marcos propaganda machine. Bongbong was thrust into the national limelight as",
"psg_id": "2918970"
},
{
"title": "Marcos dynasty",
"text": "to 1984. Ferdinand's Sister Elizabeth Marcos-Keon to become Governor of Ilocos Norte from 1971–1983. The Marcos couple's Firstborn, Imee Marcos, was appointed chairman of the Kabataang Barangay from 1975 to 1986, and was Assemblyman to the Batasang Pambansa for Ilocos Norte from 1984 to 1986. Secondborn Ferdinand Marcos Jr. become Vice Governor of Ilocos Norte from 1980 to 1983 and Governor of that same province from 1983-1986. As a result of the economic collapse brought about by the assassination of Ninoy Aquino in 1983, the Marcos family was removed from power by civilian protests during the 1986 People Power Revolution.",
"psg_id": "20886220"
},
{
"title": "Marcos dynasty",
"text": "as a Japanese collaborator, and executed through dismemberment using two carabaos. Because the Nalundasan murder trial resulting drew wide public attention in the years immediately prior to the war, Mariano's son Ferdinand was in an ideal political position to enter politics in the postwar years. Ferdinand Marcos' rise to power was dramatic. He served three terms in Mariano's own former position as the Philippine House of Representatives as the Congressman for the second district of Ilocos Norte, from 1949 to 1959. Between 1959 and 1965, he served in the Philippine Senate, where he became Senate President until he won the",
"psg_id": "20886216"
}
] | [
"haiwii",
"the state of hawaii",
"mokuʻāina o hawaiʻi",
"mokuʻa-ina o hawaiʻi",
"demographics of hawaii",
"hawaiian culture",
"hawai'i resident",
"economy of hawaii",
"hawaii, united states",
"haiwaii",
"us-hi",
"owhyhee",
"transport in hawaii",
"hawii",
"hawaii, usa",
"50th state",
"hawai'i",
"hawai'i",
"haway",
"hawai%60i",
"hawaii (u.s. state)",
"state of hawaiʻi",
"hawái",
"languages of hawaii",
"hawaï",
"demographics of hawaiʻi",
"state of hawai%60i",
"hawwaii",
"hawai‘i",
"moku%60aina o hawai%60i",
"u.s. (hi)",
"hawaií",
"the aloha state",
"hawaii",
"culture of hawaii",
"geography of hawaii",
"hawai'i state",
"state of hawaii",
"health in hawaii",
"religion in hawaii",
"ハワイ",
"hawaiʻi",
"hawaii resident",
"moku%60a-ina o hawai%60i",
"howaii",
"fiftieth state",
"hawaii (state)",
"aloha state",
"education in hawaii",
"state of hawai'i"
] |
un secretary dag hammarskjold was killed over which country? | [
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site Memorial",
"text": "Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site Memorial The Dag Hammarskjöld Memorial Crash Site marks the place of the plane crash in which Dag Hammarskjöld, the second and then-sitting United Nations Secretary General was killed on 17 September 1961, while on a mission to the Léopoldville Congo Republic (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo). The site is located 10 km from Ndola, in the Copperbelt Province of Zambia. The Dag Hammarskjöld Crash Site was declared a national monument under notice number 14 of 1970 as a historical landmark. In 1964 the Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation Committee was formed to ensure that the memory",
"psg_id": "13071288"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Hammarskjold High School",
"text": "Hammarskjold High School Hammarskjold High School is a public high school located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, with an enrollment of roughly 800 students. It is named after Swedish diplomat Dag Hammarskjöld. The principal of Hammarskjold High School is Derek DiBlasio and the vice-principal is Donna Flasza. Hammarskjold High School was constructed in 1962 in response to rapidly increasing enrollment at the former City of Port Arthur's other public high schools (Port Arthur Collegiate Institute, Hillcrest High School, and Lakeview High School). The school was given its name through a student referendum. Hammarskjold accepted students in fall 1962 with only",
"psg_id": "6428752"
},
{
"title": "Hammarskjold High School",
"text": "of the city's most successful football programs, recently winning the 2008 SSSAA Football Championship Hammarskjold High School Hammarskjold High School is a public high school located in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, with an enrollment of roughly 800 students. It is named after Swedish diplomat Dag Hammarskjöld. The principal of Hammarskjold High School is Derek DiBlasio and the vice-principal is Donna Flasza. Hammarskjold High School was constructed in 1962 in response to rapidly increasing enrollment at the former City of Port Arthur's other public high schools (Port Arthur Collegiate Institute, Hillcrest High School, and Lakeview High School). The school was given",
"psg_id": "6428754"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld Medal",
"text": "medals each month for the UN peacekeepers who had been killed between 1948 and 2001. Since 2001, there have been an annual medal ceremony for those who were killed in UN peacekeeping operations the previous year. The ceremony is held on 29 May, which is the International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers. In 2009, the medal was awarded to each of the 132 UN peacekeepers who were killed in 2008. Dag Hammarskjöld Medal The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous award given by the United Nations (UN) to military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in",
"psg_id": "14088168"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld Medal",
"text": "Dag Hammarskjöld Medal The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal is a posthumous award given by the United Nations (UN) to military personnel, police, or civilians who lose their lives while serving in a United Nations peacekeeping operation. The medal is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations, who died in a plane crash in what is now Zambia in September 1961. On 22 July 1997, during its 3802nd meeting, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1121, in which it established the Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the resolution, the Security Council also requested that the UN Secretary-General",
"psg_id": "14088165"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld Library",
"text": "to the general public. However, it does provide access to much UN-related information by developing freely accessible online resources and services, and via UN depository libraries worldwide. The library has created a number of research tools and services to ease the access to United Nations Documents: Dag Hammarskjöld Library The Dag Hammarskjöld Library is part of the United Nations headquarters and is connected to the Secretariat and conference buildings through ground level and underground corridors. It is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Library has specialized in two major areas. Firstly, it is the",
"psg_id": "8392391"
},
{
"title": "Dag efter dag",
"text": "time. Chips also recorded the song with lyrics in English, Day after Day. In 1982, \"Dag efter dag\" was also released as a single. The single as best reached the 4th place at the Swedish singles chart and 5th place at the Norwegian singles chart. A Huu - A Heijaa (Dag Efter Dag) Dag efter dag \"Dag efter dag\" (\"Day after day\") is a song in Swedish, with melody by Lasse Holm and text by Monica Forsberg. The pop and country group Chips won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song, which was sung by Kikki Danielsson and Elisabeth Andreassen.",
"psg_id": "7871225"
},
{
"title": "Origins of the Six-Day War",
"text": "the war itself 15 members of the remaining force were killed and the rest evacuated through Israel. Before UNEF could be deployed in 1956 negotiations were necessary with the compliant host country, Egypt, Israel having refused to host the peacekeepers. Rostow is of a contrary opinion that \"Egyptian commitments of the period were broken one by one, the last being the request for the removal of U.N.E.F.\" In another publication Rostow adds detail: \"One of the most important terms of the agreement was set out in an aide memoire by Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjold: if Egypt ever tried unilaterally to remove",
"psg_id": "15394575"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld",
"text": "which he had never shown any indication of before. The U.N. General Assembly voted 57-1-1 on 7 April 1953 to appoint Dag Hammarskjöld as Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskjöld was sworn in as Secretary-General on 10 April 1953. He was unanimously reelected on 26 September 1957 for another term, taking effect on 10 April 1958. Immediately following the assumption of the Secretariat, Hammarskjöld attempted to establish a good rapport with his staff. He made a point in going to every UN department to shake hands with as many workers as possible, eating in the cafeteria as often as possible,",
"psg_id": "1789601"
},
{
"title": "Dag efter dag",
"text": "Dag efter dag \"Dag efter dag\" (\"Day after day\") is a song in Swedish, with melody by Lasse Holm and text by Monica Forsberg. The pop and country group Chips won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1982 with the song, which was sung by Kikki Danielsson and Elisabeth Andreassen. Chips finished eighth in the Eurovision Song Contest 1982 with the song. On April 18, 1982, the song reached the first place at Svensktoppen; where it stayed for nine rounds. *On June 13, 1982, the song was the last song to be number one at Svensktoppen, before the program was removed the first",
"psg_id": "7871224"
},
{
"title": "John Hendra",
"text": "the 2017-2018 season. John Hendra has published over 20 articles and op-eds including most recently a \"theory of change\" for making the UN development system fit to support the 2030 Agenda; opening up national budgets for more accountable SDG financing; women’s rights and the 2030 Agenda; UN reform and \"Delivering as One\"; and the role of men and boys in achieving gender equality in such publications as Columbia University Journal of International Affairs, Dag Hammarskjold Foundation Development Dialogue Papers and the UN University’s Centre for Policy Research Papers. John Hendra was awarded the Three Star Order of Latvia in 1997",
"psg_id": "16367186"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld Medal",
"text": "to the next of kin of the deceased recipient. The medal is egg-shaped and made of clear lead free glass, engraved with the name and date of death of the recipient, the United Nations logo, and the inscription “The Dag Hammarskjöld Medal. In the Service of Peace”, in English and French. On 6 October 1998, the first three Dag Hammarskjöld Medals were awarded to Hammarskjöld himself, René de Labarrière (killed by a land mine in Palestine in July 1948), and Folke Bernadotte (assassinated in Jerusalem by Jewish extremists in September 1948). Beginning in 2001, the UN began awarding dozens of",
"psg_id": "14088167"
},
{
"title": "George Whalley",
"text": "to Dag Hammarskjold, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations who died in 1961. His most noted radio dramatizations are \"If This is a Man\" (1965), a 140-minute adaptation of Stuart Woolf's translation of Primo Levi's \"Se questo e un uomo\", and \"Let Us Now Praise Famous Men\" (1966), a 135- minute adaptation of James Agee's book of the same title. John Reeves, the CBC producer of Whalley's adaptations of Levi and Agee, has written about the radio productions. Whalley made a major contribution to broadcasting in Canada, and his works were repeatedly nominated for the Italia Prize for radio.",
"psg_id": "15809996"
},
{
"title": "Yanar Dag",
"text": "Yanar Dag Yanar Dag (, meaning \"burning mountain\") is a natural gas fire which blazes continuously on a hillside on the Absheron Peninsula on the Caspian Sea near Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan (a country which itself is known as \"the Land of Fire\"). Flames jet into the air from a thin, porous sandstone layer. Administratively, Yanar Dag belongs to Absheron District of Azerbaijan. Unlike mud volcanoes, the Yanar Dag flame burns fairly steadily, as it involves a steady seep of gas from the subsurface. It is claimed that the Yanar Dag flame was only noted when accidentally lit by",
"psg_id": "7716231"
},
{
"title": "Business International Corporation",
"text": "International\") and a group of key corporate clients. Offices were established overseas, including major regional operations based out of Geneva (Europe), Vienna (East Europe and the USSR) and Hong Kong (Asia-Pacific), and single-country offices (e.g., Rome, Tokyo). BI eventually became the premier information source on global business with research, advisory functions, conferences and government roundtables in addition to its publications. It was headquartered in New York City, at One Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, near the UN, with major offices in Geneva, London, Vienna, Hong Kong and Tokyo, and a network of correspondents across the globe. In his book \"The Strawberry Statement\",",
"psg_id": "7503746"
},
{
"title": "Dag Halvor Nylander",
"text": "country as a delegate to the United Nations from 2001 to 2004 and at Norway’s Embassy in Buenos Aires from 1999 to 2001. Dag Halvor Nylander Dag Halvor Nylander is a Norwegian diplomat, who formerly served as the Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. He was appointed to this position on 27 February 2017. Nylander is a graduate of the University of Oslo with a degree in law. A career diplomat, he has represented his government in various capacities. From 2012 to 2016, he was Norway’s Special",
"psg_id": "20022438"
},
{
"title": "Hammarskjold High School",
"text": "the two story classroom wing completed. The first student assembly at Christmas had male students sitting on the gym floor while the girls sat on the steel chairs, as the bleachers were not completed yet. The official opening was on May 22, 1963. Hammarskjold High School has undergone numerous renovations and expansions throughout its history. The most recent expansion saw the addition of a library and music room in the school's former technology wing. Several technology classrooms have been converted to academic classrooms along with the school's increasing emphasis on academics over vocations. In terms of athletics they have one",
"psg_id": "6428753"
},
{
"title": "Origins of the Six-Day War",
"text": "(UN expert on Middle East diplomacy) fully adhered to the secretary-general's position that Egypt had a sovereign right to dismiss UNEF’, however imprudent that decision might be.\" Further contrary to Rostow's position, the Secretary-General in 1967, U Thant, specifically addressed the Hammarskjold memoire during the build-up of tension, declaring that the 1957 memorandum by the late Secretary-General, which had interpreted the agreement on UNEF between the United Nations and Egypt as meaning that an Egyptian request for UNEF withdrawal would have to be referred to the General Assembly, was “a purely private” understanding by Mr. Hammarskjold and not binding either",
"psg_id": "15394577"
},
{
"title": "1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection",
"text": "1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1961 to replace Dag Hammarskjöld after he was killed in a plane crash. After initial Soviet attempts to replace the Secretary-General with a troika, it was agreed that an Acting Secretary-General would be appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Within two weeks, U Thant of Burma emerged as the only candidate who was acceptable to both the Soviet Union and the United States. However, the superpowers spent another four weeks arguing over the number of Assistant Secretaries-General, before finally resolving their dispute by allowing Thant to",
"psg_id": "20533570"
},
{
"title": "Dag the Wise",
"text": "Dag the Wise Dag the Wise or Dagr Spaka was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings (dated to the 4th century by 16th-century historiographer Johannes Magnus). He was the son of Dyggvi, the former king. According to legend, he could understand the speech of birds and had a sparrow that gathered news for him from many lands. When the bird was killed on one of these trips, Dag invaded Reidgotaland (considering the date and location, apparently Gothiscandza), in order to avenge it. There he was ambushed by a thrall and killed. The earliest two versions based on",
"psg_id": "3579094"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld",
"text": "nomination \"came as a complete surprise to everyone here and we started scrambling around to find out who Mr. Hammarskjold was and what his qualifications were.\" The State Department authorized Henry Cabot Lodge Jr., the US Ambassador, to vote in favor after he told them that Hammarskjöld \"may be as good as we can get.\" The superpowers hoped to seat a Secretary-General who would focus on administrative issues and refrain from participating in political discussion. Hammarskjöld's reputation at the time was, in the words of biographer Emery Kelèn, \"that of a brilliant economist, an unobtrusive technician, and an aristro-bureaucrat\". As",
"psg_id": "1789598"
},
{
"title": "DAG (band)",
"text": "DAG (band) DAG was a funk band from Raleigh, North Carolina which formed in 1989 and disbanded in 1999. The band of singer and bassist Bobby Patterson, guitarist Brian Dennis, drummer Kenny Soule (from rock bands Nantucket and PKM) and keyboardist Doug Jervey had already earned many loyal listeners around their hometown over the next few years with their uncommonly 1970s wild funk persona; and with the help of Grammy nominee and local record producer John Custer (who also developed Cry Of Love and produced several Corrosion of Conformity albums), DAG gained the attention of some major record labels. DAG",
"psg_id": "10140639"
},
{
"title": "Dag för Dag",
"text": "of that year, recording in April and May, and then touring through the rest of the year. Dag för Dag Dag för Dag is a Swedish-American brother and sister duo based in Stockholm. The band's core members are Sarah and Jacob Snavely. Formed in 2007, they are supported both on stage and in the studio by a drummer. Their first tour was with friends Shout Out Louds in January 2008 and since then they have supported The Kills, Wolf Parade, Lykke Li, Handsome Furs, Wintersleep and Cursive. The band's name, Dag för Dag, is Swedish for \"day by day\". Originally",
"psg_id": "13427468"
},
{
"title": "Dag för Dag",
"text": "Dag för Dag Dag för Dag is a Swedish-American brother and sister duo based in Stockholm. The band's core members are Sarah and Jacob Snavely. Formed in 2007, they are supported both on stage and in the studio by a drummer. Their first tour was with friends Shout Out Louds in January 2008 and since then they have supported The Kills, Wolf Parade, Lykke Li, Handsome Furs, Wintersleep and Cursive. The band's name, Dag för Dag, is Swedish for \"day by day\". Originally taken from a language-learning tape the two stumbled across, the name has come to aptly describe the",
"psg_id": "13427466"
},
{
"title": "Mot Dag",
"text": "members Mot Dag were leaders in Norwegian politics and culture. Norway's first three post-war Prime Ministers Einar Gerhardsen, Oscar Torp, and John Lyng were all at one point in time part of Mot Dag. In addition were Gro Harlem Brundtland's father, Secretary of Defense Gudmund Harlem; the Labor Party's longstanding secretary Haakon Lie, Oslo's longstanding mayor Brynjulf Bull, and future West German chancellor Willy Brandt. Many well-known authors, intellectuals, and future leading politicians and officials were also members. Of note were filmmaker Olav Dalgard; the authors Helge Krog, Odd Eidem, Sigurd Hoel, Arnulf Øverland, Nic Waal and Inger Hagerup --",
"psg_id": "9766707"
},
{
"title": "Dag Terje Andersen",
"text": "before he became State Secretary at the Ministry of Social Affairs in 1992. He was a party secretary for the Norwegian Labour Party from 1992 until 1996. In 1996 he became Minister of Agriculture, remaining in that post for slightly less than a year. Andersen later became Minister of Trade and Industry on 29 September 2006, when Odd Eriksen resigned. From 2009 to 2013, Andersen served as President of the Storting. Dag Terje Andersen Dag Terje Andersen (born 27 May 1957 in Frogn, Akershus) is a Norwegian politician for the Norwegian Labour Party. In addition to professional politics he has",
"psg_id": "8452717"
},
{
"title": "Dag the Wise",
"text": "and in \"Historia Norwegiæ\"'s earlier summary of \"Ynglingatal\" but not in Snorri's later quotation from it, suggests that all of \"Ynglingatal\" was not presented by him. Dag the Wise Dag the Wise or Dagr Spaka was a mythological Swedish king of the House of Ynglings (dated to the 4th century by 16th-century historiographer Johannes Magnus). He was the son of Dyggvi, the former king. According to legend, he could understand the speech of birds and had a sparrow that gathered news for him from many lands. When the bird was killed on one of these trips, Dag invaded Reidgotaland (considering",
"psg_id": "3579096"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld invert",
"text": "Dag Hammarskjöld invert The Dag Hammarskjöld invert is a 4 cent value postage stamp error issued on 23 October 1962 by the United States Postal Service (then known as the Post Office Department) one year after the death of Dag Hammarskjöld, Secretary-General of the United Nations, in an airplane crash. The stamp, showing the yellow background inverted relative to the image and text, is also known as the Day's Folly after Postmaster General J. Edward Day who ordered the intentional reprinting of the yellow invert commenting, \"The Post Office Department is not running a jackpot operation.\" The stamp reprint was",
"psg_id": "8851040"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld Library",
"text": "Dag Hammarskjöld Library The Dag Hammarskjöld Library is part of the United Nations headquarters and is connected to the Secretariat and conference buildings through ground level and underground corridors. It is named after Dag Hammarskjöld, the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Library has specialized in two major areas. Firstly, it is the main depository for United Nations documents and publications and maintains a selected collection of materials of the specialized agencies and United Nations affiliated bodies. Secondly, the Library collects books, periodicals and other materials related to the organization's programs of activities. The Library was founded along with",
"psg_id": "8392386"
},
{
"title": "1929 Kopet Dag earthquake",
"text": "1929 Kopet Dag earthquake The 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake (also called the 1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake) took place at 15:37 UTC on 1 May with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). It occurred in the Kopet Dag area of Iran and caused up to 3,800 casualties along the Turkmenistan-Iran border. More than 1,100 were injured. Within the epicentral area, 3,250 people were killed. Eighty-eight villages in the region were damaged or destroyed, along with damage at Bojnourd. Aftershocks occurred for more than four years after, including one in July 1929 that killed several",
"psg_id": "12946013"
},
{
"title": "Dag Bergman",
"text": "1944 before he became an attaché at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs in 1945. He was first secretary in Athens in 1963, embassy counsellor in 1970 (acting in 1965) and ambassador from 1972 to 1973. Bergman was then consul general in Hong Kong from 1973 to 1980. Bergman was from the 1960s seriously ill, paralyzed by polio and wheelchair bound. He died in Athens in 1984. Dag Bergman Dag Erik Bergman (23 October 1914 – 10 December 1984), was a Swedish diplomat. Bergman was the son of the parish minister Erik Bergman and Karin Bergman, née Åkerblom, and the older",
"psg_id": "18847665"
},
{
"title": "Dag Berggrav",
"text": "permanent under-secretary of state in the Office of the Prime Minister. Following his semi-retirement in 1992, Berggrav continued as an advisor for many years. He also chaired the from 1974 to 1992. Berggrav was an active ski jumper in the years 1931 to 1956. From 1964 to 1970 he was the president of the Norwegian Skiing Federation, and from 1965 to 1970 he was a member of the Norwegian Olympic Committee. From 1979 to 1983 he was the vice president of the International Ski Federation. He represented the clubs Frigg and Heming in Oslo. Dag Berggrav Dag Berggrav (17 May",
"psg_id": "12972896"
},
{
"title": "Dag Berggrav",
"text": "Germany, he was held prisoner at Akershus Fortress from 20 December 1944 to the war's end in 1945. His father being a bishop, Dag Berggrav was a devout Lutheran as well. In 1950 Dag Berggrav graduated from the University of Oslo with the cand.jur. degree. After studying international law in England for one year, Berggrav was hired as a deputy judge in Oslo. He was then a secretary in the Ministry of Justice and the Police from 1951 to 1962, except for the years 1952 to 1954, when he worked in the Numedal district, first as deputy judge, then as",
"psg_id": "12972894"
},
{
"title": "Dag Heward-Mills",
"text": "Dag in his vision to win souls, plant churches and raise leaders. She speaks in women’s and young peoples’ conferences all over the world. Adelaide Heward-Mills has been involved in Christian ministry all of her adult life and has served alongside her husband, Bishop Dag Heward-Mills, throughout their entire marriage. As an insightful speaker, she draws heavily from her education and background in law. In addition to raising two sons and two daughters, she serves as Executive Director of the Daughter You Can Make it Ministry. She also speaks across the country on women’s roles in supporting their husbands, and",
"psg_id": "14975718"
},
{
"title": "Dag og Tid",
"text": "Dag og Tid Dag og Tid () is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased significantly, nearly doubling over the last two decades. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. The paper is published weekly. Its headquarters is located in Oslo. \"Dag og Tid\" is politically independent but editorially radical. It focuses on culture and politics. It is owned by various persons and groups. The current editor is Svein Gjerdåker. In the 2010s, \"Dag",
"psg_id": "8478412"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld",
"text": "Japanese poet Basho in his \"Narrow Roads to the Deep North\". In his foreword to \"Markings\", the English poet W. H. Auden quotes Hammarskjöld as stating: In our age, the road to holiness necessarily passes through the world of action. The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America commemorates the life of Hammarskjöld as a renewer of society, on the anniversary of his death, 18 September. Dag Hammarskjöld Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjöld (; ; 29 July 1905 – 18 September 1961) was a Swedish economist and diplomat who served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations. Hammarskjöld was the youngest",
"psg_id": "1789613"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld",
"text": "secretaries-general of the United Nations, and his appointment has been mentioned as the most notable success for the UN. United States President John F. Kennedy called Hammarskjöld \"the greatest statesman of our century.\" Dag Hammarskjöld was born in Jönköping to the noble family Hammarskjöld (also spelled \"Hammarskiöld\" or \"Hammarsköld\"). He spent most of his childhood in Uppsala. His home there, which he considered his childhood home, was Uppsala Castle. He was the fourth and youngest son of Hjalmar Hammarskjöld, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1914 to 1917, and Agnes Hammarskjöld (née Almquist). Hammarskjöld's family was ennobled in 1610 due to",
"psg_id": "1789592"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld",
"text": "near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Hammarskjöld and 15 others perished in the crash, the circumstances of which are still unclear. There is some evidence that suggests the plane was shot down. Hammarskjöld's death set off a succession crisis at the United Nations, as there was no line of succession and the Security Council had to vote on a successor. Göran Björkdahl (a Swedish aid worker) wrote in 2011 that he believed Dag Hammarskjöld's death was a murder committed, in part, to benefit mining companies like Union Minière, after Hammarskjöld had made the UN intervene in the Katanga crisis. Björkdahl",
"psg_id": "1789605"
},
{
"title": "Efter endnu en dag",
"text": "engineered by Freddy Hansson and recorded in Sweet Silence Studio in Copenhagen and Trente Mølle in Funen. From this album \"Sirenesangen\" / \"De gule enker\" and \"Pas på svinget i solrød\" / \"Bella Donna\" were released as singles. \"Efter endnu en dag\" was released on CD in 1987 with \"Gas 5\" but due to lack of space, \"Mama Cucu\", \"Twilight Birds\", and \"Stenalderjazz\" were omitted. In 1991 it was remastered for CD and it is also included on \"The Black Box\" (2003). \"Efter endnu en dag\" was released in Spain as \"Al cerrarse un nuevo dia\" with song titles in",
"psg_id": "8542906"
},
{
"title": "Dag Ringsson",
"text": "the peasant army soon overwhelmed the remnants of the king's men. Dag and his followers fled back to Sweden. Mention of Dag Ringsson did not appear after this point. Dag Ringsson Dag Ringsson was a Norwegian chieftain from Oppland who participated in the Battle of Stiklestad during 1030 which resulted in the death of King Olaf II of Norway According to Snorri Sturluson, Dag Ringsson was a descendant of Harald Fairhair. His family had settled in Sweden, where Dag was a nobleman at the service of Swedish King Anund Jacob. In 1026, King Olaf II of Norway and King Anund",
"psg_id": "5983875"
},
{
"title": "Origins of the Six-Day War",
"text": "the United Nations peacekeeping forces in the Sinai, or to close the Straits of Tiran, the Secretary-General would call the Security Council into session immediately and block such initiatives until a peaceful resolution of the conflict could be reached.\" Oren, however, confirms Egypt's right as follows: \"That (UNEF) presence, however, hung on a legal fiction. The \"good-faith agreement\" forged by Dag Hammarskjold in 1957, according to which Egypt would consult with the General Assembly and the UNEF Advisory Council before altering the force's mandate, was in no way binding. The Egyptians could, in fact, dismiss UNEF whenever they chose. Bunche",
"psg_id": "15394576"
},
{
"title": "U Thant funeral crisis",
"text": "sources, thousands of protesters were arrested and at least eighteen died, but unofficial figures are much higher. Before holding the role of UN Secretary-General from 1961 to 1971, Thant was a civil servant under the administration of U Nu, the first prime minister of Burma. As the Secretary of Projects for the Prime Minister's office, Thant accompanied Nu on several official trips overseas. Thant also represented Burma at the 1952 UN General Assembly and the 1955 Bandung Conference in Indonesia. In 1957, he became Burma's Permanent Representative to the United Nations. When Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld was killed in a plane",
"psg_id": "17816180"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hammarskjöld Library",
"text": "and prohibits the growth of the Library to that level which would seem commensurate with the fulfilment of its purposes.\" In 1959, the Ford Foundation gave a grant of $6.2 million to the United Nations for the construction of a new Library building which would be \"of the highest quality, aesthetically designed, furnished, and equipped in conformity with the most modern library standards.\" In recognition of their generous donation, the General Assembly instructed the Secretary-General to place a memorial stone at the entrance of the library inscribed with \"Gift of the Ford Foundation.\" Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld was instrumental in securing",
"psg_id": "8392389"
},
{
"title": "Ny Dag",
"text": "lengthy, and for a Communist Party publication remarkably harsh, debate erupted in the pages of \"Ny Dag\", in which critics held the party leadership personally accountable for the electoral defeat. \"Ny Dag\" became a twice-weekly newspaper in 1965. In 1970, it had a circulation of around 15,000. \"Ny Dag\" was printed at Västermalms Tryckeri AB, on Kungsholmen in Stockholm. Hugo Sillén edited \"Ny Dag\" between 1931 and 1934. Around 1940, Gustav Johansson was the editor of the newspaper. Hilding Hagberg, also the party chairman, was the political editor of \"Ny Dag\" 1943 to 1964, whilst C.-H. Hermansson served as the",
"psg_id": "14706867"
},
{
"title": "1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection",
"text": "ballot in 1971, and he stepped down when his last term in office ran out on 31 December 1971. Concerns about his health proved well-founded, as Thant died of cancer on 25 November 1974. 1961 United Nations Secretary-General selection A United Nations Secretary-General selection was held in 1961 to replace Dag Hammarskjöld after he was killed in a plane crash. After initial Soviet attempts to replace the Secretary-General with a troika, it was agreed that an Acting Secretary-General would be appointed for the remainder of Hammarskjöld's term. Within two weeks, U Thant of Burma emerged as the only candidate who",
"psg_id": "20533587"
},
{
"title": "Dag og Tid",
"text": "og Tid\" was one of few Norwegian print newspapers with a substantial increase of readers. Its circulation in 2015 was 10,948, up from 7,228 copies in 2008. Numbers from the Norwegian Media Businesses' Association, Mediebedriftenes Landsforening. Dag og Tid Dag og Tid () is a national weekly newspaper in Norway that uses the Nynorsk standard of the Norwegian language. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. Contrary to most other Norwegian newspapers, its circulation has recently increased significantly, nearly doubling over the last two decades. \"Dag og Tid\" was founded in 1962. The paper is published weekly. Its headquarters is",
"psg_id": "8478413"
},
{
"title": "Dag Halvor Nylander",
"text": "Dag Halvor Nylander Dag Halvor Nylander is a Norwegian diplomat, who formerly served as the Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Border Controversy between Guyana and the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. He was appointed to this position on 27 February 2017. Nylander is a graduate of the University of Oslo with a degree in law. A career diplomat, he has represented his government in various capacities. From 2012 to 2016, he was Norway’s Special Envoy to the Colombia peace process and also served as Head of Norway’s Mission in Bogota from 2006 to 2008. He represented his",
"psg_id": "20022437"
},
{
"title": "Dag Ramsøy Bryn",
"text": "the design of Norwegian foreign and security policy. He served as state secretary in the Ministry of Defence from 1947 to 1950, in Gerhardsen's Second Cabinet, and in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs from 1954 to 1958, in the cabinets of Oscar Torp and Gerhardsen's Third Cabinet. After this, he served as Norwegian ambassador to various foreign capitals including Bonn (1954 to 1957) and Belgrade (1958-1963). Bryn died at Tvedestrand during 1991 and was buried in Vestre Gravlund. Dag Ramsøy Bryn Dag Ramsøy Bryn (17 March 1909 – 11 April 1991) was a Norwegian diplomat and politician for the Labour",
"psg_id": "12480676"
},
{
"title": "Dag Henrik Sandbakken",
"text": "He was hired in the Norwegian Association of Local and Regional Authorities. Dag Henrik Sandbakken Dag Henrik Sandbakken (born 17 August 1957) is a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hedmark during the 2005–2009 term. When Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet assumed office following the 2005 elections, Sandbakken was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. He resigned in February 2013. On the local level, Sandbakken served as mayor of Tynset municipality from 1999 to 2005. He worked as a farmer, and in",
"psg_id": "11081262"
},
{
"title": "Dag Henrik Sandbakken",
"text": "Dag Henrik Sandbakken Dag Henrik Sandbakken (born 17 August 1957) is a Norwegian farmer and politician for the Centre Party. He served as a deputy representative to the Parliament of Norway from Hedmark during the 2005–2009 term. When Stoltenberg's Second Cabinet assumed office following the 2005 elections, Sandbakken was appointed State Secretary in the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development. He resigned in February 2013. On the local level, Sandbakken served as mayor of Tynset municipality from 1999 to 2005. He worked as a farmer, and in addition to his agronomist education he was educated at Hedmark University College.",
"psg_id": "11081261"
},
{
"title": "World Academy of Art and Science",
"text": "a seven-member Executive Committee. The four principal officers are: Heitor Gurgulino de Souza, President – formerly Secretary General of International Association of University Presidents and Rector of United Nations University. Garry Jacobs, Chief Executive Officer – Vice President of the Mother’s Service Society, formerly Chairman of the Board of the World Academy and Member Secretary of the International Commission on Peace & Food. Winston Nagan, Chairman of the Board – Professor of Law at University of Florida and former Chairman of Amnesty International (USA). Ivo Šlaus, Honorary President – Dean of Dag Hammarskjold University College of International Relations (Zagreb) and",
"psg_id": "9481722"
},
{
"title": "DAG (band)",
"text": "(Prêt-à-Porter)\". Additionally, a live in-studio version of 'Lovely Jane' was included on the CD \"The Best Of The Columbia Records Radio Hour, Vol. 2\" along with tracks by such artists as The Dave Matthews Band and James Taylor. DAG (band) DAG was a funk band from Raleigh, North Carolina which formed in 1989 and disbanded in 1999. The band of singer and bassist Bobby Patterson, guitarist Brian Dennis, drummer Kenny Soule (from rock bands Nantucket and PKM) and keyboardist Doug Jervey had already earned many loyal listeners around their hometown over the next few years with their uncommonly 1970s wild",
"psg_id": "10140641"
},
{
"title": "History of Katanga",
"text": "facilitating several rounds of political negotiations. In June, Tshombe signed a pledge to reunite Katanga with rest of the country, however by August it was clear he had no intention of implementing this agreement. In August and September, the UN conducted two operations to arrest and repatriate the mercenaries and political advisors by force. The second operation was resisted by the Katangese gendarmerie and resulted in casualties on both sides. Peace negotiations ensued, in the course of which, UN secretary-general Dag Hammarskjöld died in uncertain circumstances in a plane crash near Ndola, Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia). Under UN pressure, Tshombe",
"psg_id": "12013229"
},
{
"title": "Dag Kavlie",
"text": "Norway Fulbright Foundation for Educational Exchange. He is a fellow of the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences. Kavlie resides in Vestre Aker, Oslo. His hobbies include horticulture, cycling and cross-country skiing. He participates regularly in the Birkebeinerrennet ski race. Dag Kavlie Dag Kavlie (born 14 April 1939) is a Norwegian shipping engineer. He was a professor and rector (1984–1990) at the Norwegian Institute of Technology, and later worked for the Research Council of Norway. He was born in Oslo, and took the siv.ing. degree at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in 1963. He then spent a year as a conscript",
"psg_id": "13231328"
},
{
"title": "DAG (newspaper)",
"text": "DAG (newspaper) Dag (; ), stylized as DAG, was a freely distributed Dutch-language tabloid newspaper in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2008. It was released jointly by publishing company PCM and telecommunications company KPN. Bob Witman was the editor-in-chief. The first edition of \"Dag\" was published on 8 May 2007 with a circulation of 300,000 copies, accompanied with the launch of the website. It competed with long-time free newspapers \"Metro\" and \"Spits\", as well as \"De Pers\" which had started on 23 January of that year. The paper and the website were noted for its clear layout, its extensive use",
"psg_id": "11695577"
},
{
"title": "Dag Ringsson",
"text": "Dag Ringsson Dag Ringsson was a Norwegian chieftain from Oppland who participated in the Battle of Stiklestad during 1030 which resulted in the death of King Olaf II of Norway According to Snorri Sturluson, Dag Ringsson was a descendant of Harald Fairhair. His family had settled in Sweden, where Dag was a nobleman at the service of Swedish King Anund Jacob. In 1026, King Olaf II of Norway and King Anund Jacob had lost the Battle of the Helgeå. This left King Cnut the Great of Denmark as the dominant leader in Scandinavia. By 1029 the Norwegian nobles, seething with",
"psg_id": "5983873"
},
{
"title": "Ny Dag",
"text": "Ny Dag Ny Dag ('New Day') was a Swedish communist newspaper and the main publication of the Communist Party of Sweden (later renamed 'Left Party – Communists') from 2 January 1930 to 5 August 1990, when publication stopped. \"Ny Dag\" was started in 1930 by the branch of the Communist Party that had selected to remain faithful to Comintern in the big party split of 1929, in order to replace \"Folkets Dagblad Politiken\", which had been the party's main publication since 1917, but had selected to join the \"Kilbom rebels\" in the 1929 split. \"Ny Dag\" was one of six",
"psg_id": "14706865"
},
{
"title": "1929 Kopet Dag earthquake",
"text": "more people, before finally subsiding in 1933. Fifty-seven diverse locations reported damage, including casualties in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan. Surface faulting occurred along the Baghan-Germab fault for a length of . 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake The 1929 Kopet Dag earthquake (also called the 1929 Koppeh Dagh earthquake) took place at 15:37 UTC on 1 May with a moment magnitude of 7.2 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (\"Violent\"). It occurred in the Kopet Dag area of Iran and caused up to 3,800 casualties along the Turkmenistan-Iran border. More than 1,100 were injured. Within the epicentral area, 3,250 people were killed. Eighty-eight",
"psg_id": "12946014"
},
{
"title": "Dag Lövaas",
"text": "team and the promoters Danny Dunton and Robert Dugard to become the White City Rebels in 1976. Dag had been keen to ride at Oxford, a track he loved and was disappointed at the move to the London stadium in 1976. On deciding not to return to England in 1977, White City were granted a 'Dag Lovaas (Rider Replacement)' facility for the entire season, in which they ended up as champions. Dag Lövaas Dag Lövaas (born 25 February 1953 in Holmestrand, Norway) is a former international motorcycle speedway rider, who reached the finals of the Speedway World Championship in 1974.",
"psg_id": "12501463"
},
{
"title": "Ayu-Dag",
"text": "is a Nature reserve (5.5 km). There is a pioneer children's camp Artek near Ayu-Dag (Medved' Mountain) which is well known internationally. The eastern slopes of Ayu-Dag lead to an ancient settlement Partenit. Remains of an early-medieval settlement and a number of churches were discovered here. In the 9th-10th centuries it was a well-known seaport, bound with cities of the Byzantine Empire. The western slopes lead to Artek. Ayu-Dag Ayu-Dag (, , , (\"Aya\" - \"Holy\")) is a summit of Crimea. It is also known under the Russified name \"Medved'-gora (Bear mountain)\" (, ). The summit is located 16 km",
"psg_id": "10826641"
},
{
"title": "Dag (subculture)",
"text": "and amusing manner. This colloquial use of the term \"dag\" was first recorded in the Anzac Songbook in 1916 but has been popular since the 1970s. It has also been used interchangeably with the term \"wag\" as in \"what a wag\", which refers to the amusing aspect inherent in 'dag' but without referring to fashion or style. This use of \"dag\" comes closest in meaning to the UK slang term \"pillock\" (meaning fool) but \"dag\" is differentiated from terms like dork, nerd or geek by virtue of having no particular association with a drive for intellectual pursuits or interest in",
"psg_id": "10295890"
},
{
"title": "United Nations Operation in the Congo",
"text": "Lumumba wrote to UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld, that from the text of United Nations Security Council Resolution 143 \"it is clear that, contrary to your personal interpretation, the UN force may be used to subdue the rebel government of Katanga.\" Secretary General Hammarskjöld refused. To Hammarskjöld, the secession of Katanga was an internal Congolese matter and the UN was forbidden to intervene by Article 2 of the United Nations Charter. Disagreements over what the UN force could and could not do continued throughout its deployment. In response, Lumumba accused the UN of siding with Tshombe and foreign mining companies.",
"psg_id": "5504737"
},
{
"title": "I dag & i morgon (song)",
"text": "The single \"I dag & i morgon\" was released on 13 March 2006. At the Swedish singles chart, the song peaked at 27th place. The single was mastered by Dragan Tanaskovic. I dag & i morgon (song) \"I dag & i morgon\" is a pop song written by and Calle Kindbom. Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson sang it when it finished 10th at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006. On April 16, 2006, the song reached Svensktoppen, where it first entered the 6th place. On April 30, 2006, the song was knocked out from Svensktoppen after two rounds. In the",
"psg_id": "8664108"
},
{
"title": "Dag Heward-Mills",
"text": "founded. Several patients have been treated by Dr. Dag Heward Mills himself. In recent years, Dag Heward-Mills has begun to pastor the First Love Church, the University wing of the Lighthouse Chapel International. He has handed over active preaching in his other churches (including the Qodesh)to his associate pastors and is the direct pastor of the church previously on the Campus of the University of Ghana but has moved into their own building at East Legon, Accra- Ghana. Apart from his frequent travels to preach, Bishop Dag currently preaches to a growing congregation of over 5,000 young people at the",
"psg_id": "14975716"
},
{
"title": "Dag Rune Olsen",
"text": "(2010–2013). Before coming to Bergen, he was working at the Institute of Cancer Research at the Oslo University Hospital. He obtained his PhD in medical physics from the University of Oslo in 1999. Dag Rune Olsen Dag Rune Olsen (born 12 February 1962 in Røros) is a Norwegian cancer researcher, professor of biomedical physics at the University of Bergen, and the current rector of the University of Bergen, Norway. In April 2013, Dag Rune Olsen was elected the new rector of the University of Bergen with 59% of the votes. He took over the position from Sigmund Grønmo in August",
"psg_id": "17320020"
},
{
"title": "Dag (subculture)",
"text": "have all displayed the idiosyncrasies commonly associated with affable dags. The embarrassing nature of dag demeanor makes them disliked by some and loved by others for the same reasons. When Steve Irwin died, some Australians spoke of him as an embarrassing reflection on Australian culture whilst other Australians stood up for him as a lovable dag and particularly his overseas audience, celebrated his naturalness and affable nature. The cultural confusion between the dag and bogan archetypes in the media is exemplified by the 1998 film, \"Dags\", which whilst incorporating a few features of archetypal dag clothing style for the men",
"psg_id": "10295895"
},
{
"title": "I dag & i morgon (song)",
"text": "I dag & i morgon (song) \"I dag & i morgon\" is a pop song written by and Calle Kindbom. Swedish pop and country singer Kikki Danielsson sang it when it finished 10th at the Swedish Melodifestivalen 2006. On April 16, 2006, the song reached Svensktoppen, where it first entered the 6th place. On April 30, 2006, the song was knocked out from Svensktoppen after two rounds. In the lyrics of \"I dag & i morgon\" (\"Today and tomorrow\"), the singer tells her lover that she wants to live with the lover today, tomorrow, and the rest of her life.",
"psg_id": "8664107"
},
{
"title": "Dag Otto Lauritzen",
"text": "Norwegian National Time Trial Championship in 1990. He is now a cycling commentator on Norwegian TV station TV 2. Dag Otto Lauritzen Dag Otto Lauritzen (born 12 September 1956) is a retired Norwegian professional cyclist. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles he won a bronze medal in the individual road race. He was the first Norwegian to win a stage of the Tour de France, which he did on Bastille Day in 1987 at Luz Ardiden. Over his career he rode the Tour de France eight times. Lauritzen began cycling to recuperate from a military parachuting injury, and",
"psg_id": "7686752"
},
{
"title": "Dag Otto Lauritzen",
"text": "Dag Otto Lauritzen Dag Otto Lauritzen (born 12 September 1956) is a retired Norwegian professional cyclist. At the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles he won a bronze medal in the individual road race. He was the first Norwegian to win a stage of the Tour de France, which he did on Bastille Day in 1987 at Luz Ardiden. Over his career he rode the Tour de France eight times. Lauritzen began cycling to recuperate from a military parachuting injury, and switched careers from police officer to cyclist. He won the Norwegian National Road Race Championship in 1984 and the",
"psg_id": "7686751"
},
{
"title": "Mot Dag",
"text": "strongly linked to Falk's personality and were subject to strict discipline. The magazine \"Mot Dag\" was published by the group between 1921 and 1936. The first editor was future author and publishing consultant Sigurd Hoel (1890-1960). Mot Dag was a collective member of the Norwegian Labour Party from March 1922 until August 1924, but was excluded after a series of disagreements. In 1927, Mot Dag was a part of the Norwegian Communist Party (NKP). From 1929, Mot Dag was an independent political organization. In the middle of the 1930s, Mot Dag made an unsuccessful attempt to establish a new labor",
"psg_id": "9766705"
},
{
"title": "Dag Rune Olsen",
"text": "Dag Rune Olsen Dag Rune Olsen (born 12 February 1962 in Røros) is a Norwegian cancer researcher, professor of biomedical physics at the University of Bergen, and the current rector of the University of Bergen, Norway. In April 2013, Dag Rune Olsen was elected the new rector of the University of Bergen with 59% of the votes. He took over the position from Sigmund Grønmo in August 1, 2013. In his campaign he emphasized the importance of developing the university further as an international research university. He has also been the dean at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences",
"psg_id": "17320019"
},
{
"title": "DAG (newspaper)",
"text": "that time also made it more likely that companies would save money on advertisement and sponsoring. The last issue was released on 1 October 2008, but the digital activities of \"Dag\" (online, mobile, and narrowcasting) were continued by PCM without support of KPN. DAG (newspaper) Dag (; ), stylized as DAG, was a freely distributed Dutch-language tabloid newspaper in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2008. It was released jointly by publishing company PCM and telecommunications company KPN. Bob Witman was the editor-in-chief. The first edition of \"Dag\" was published on 8 May 2007 with a circulation of 300,000 copies, accompanied",
"psg_id": "11695579"
},
{
"title": "Ny Dag",
"text": "editor of the newspaper 1959 to 1964. In the late 1970s, Ingemar Andersson was editor-in-chief of the newspaper. Ny Dag Ny Dag ('New Day') was a Swedish communist newspaper and the main publication of the Communist Party of Sweden (later renamed 'Left Party – Communists') from 2 January 1930 to 5 August 1990, when publication stopped. \"Ny Dag\" was started in 1930 by the branch of the Communist Party that had selected to remain faithful to Comintern in the big party split of 1929, in order to replace \"Folkets Dagblad Politiken\", which had been the party's main publication since 1917,",
"psg_id": "14706868"
},
{
"title": "UN-Water",
"text": "for Coordination. The Vice-Chair of UN-Water is elected among the UN-Water Senior Programme Managers. The Secretary of UN-Water is a staff member of United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs in New York. The Secretary serves in a personal capacity and not in representation of UN-DESA. 1977: The UN’s Intersecretariat Group for Water Resources coordinates UN activities on water and has a three-person secretariat in the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs’ (UN-DESA) predecessor in New York. 1992: The Group is subsumed into the UN Administrative Coordination Committee’s (ACC) Subcommittee on Water Resources, which functions for several years",
"psg_id": "7815652"
},
{
"title": "Dag Allemaal",
"text": "for \"Dag Allemaal\" since 1994. Ilse Beyers is the editor-in-chief of \"Dag Allemaal\". During the period of 2006-2007 \"Dag Allemaal\" had a circulation of 278,000 copies. The circulation of the magazine was 504,192 copies during the first quarter of 2009. Its circulation fell to 423,103 copies in 2010 and to 412,809 copies in 2011. The weekly had a circulation of 396,097 copies in 2012. It was the best-selling magazine in Belgium with a circulation of 349,165 copies in 2013. Dag Allemaal Dag Allemaal is a Flemish weekly family and women's magazine published in Schelle, Belgium. The magazine also provides TV",
"psg_id": "18688559"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hol",
"text": "most important and central. He means that the concept and the ideas emerge from the way the art is done. At Dag Hols solo exhibition in The City Hall of Oslo in March 2012 more than 3000 people attained the opening and more than 21000 people came to the show during the three weeks the exhibition was open (according to the security department at the City Hall), which made the exhibition to one of the best visited solo exhibitions ever in Norwegian art history. Personal homepage: http://www.daghol.no Dag Hol Dag Hol (born 26 October 1951 in Hamburg) is a Norwegian",
"psg_id": "17422616"
},
{
"title": "Dag Allemaal",
"text": "Dag Allemaal Dag Allemaal is a Flemish weekly family and women's magazine published in Schelle, Belgium. The magazine also provides TV and radio guides. \"Dag Allemaal\" was established in 1984. The magazine is part of De Persgroep media group and is published by De Persgroep Publishing NV on a weekly basis. De Persgroep Publishing NV is part of Magnet Magazines, a subsidiary of De Persgroep. The weekly has its headquarters in Schelle. \"Dag Allemaal\" offers entertainment news in addition to TV and radio guides. The magazine has a children magazine, \"Dag Kids\". Belgian caricaturist Marec has been among the contributors",
"psg_id": "18688558"
},
{
"title": "UN Counter Terrorism Office",
"text": "UN Counter Terrorism Office The UN Counter-Terrorism Office was approved in a resolution on June 15, 2017 with the consensus of the 193-nation UN General Assembly. The creation of the office was also welcomed by Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres' initiative to transfer relevant functions out of the UN Department of Political Affairs (DPA) and into the new United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism. According to the Chief UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric, the secretary-general welcomed the adoption of the General Assembly resolution \"which endorsed his proposal to establish a new UN Office of Counter-Terrorism.\" \"The Secretary-General considers counter-terrorism and",
"psg_id": "20967756"
},
{
"title": "Dag Shang Kagyü",
"text": "the temple is the lama Drubgyu Tenpa. There are eight more lamas living there, five Buthanese and the rest Europeans. Dag Shang Kagyu is part of the Rimé movement, or non-sectarian, which respects all traditions and recognizes as valid all paths to obtain supreme spiritual realization. Dag Shang Kagyü Dag Shang Kagyü is a Buddhist temple located in Panillo, Huesca, Spain. In 1984 H.Em Kalu Rinpoche established the monastery which, since 1985, is also a study centre of Buddhism practices.] The lands of the monastery were sold in 1984 and then the monastery was extended with more lands donated by",
"psg_id": "20049741"
},
{
"title": "Kim Jong-un",
"text": "reported that Kim Jong-un had been acting as chairman of the Central Military Commission, and supreme leader of the country, following his father's demise. On 9 January 2012, a large rally was held by the Korean People's Army in front of the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun to honor Kim Jong-un and to demonstrate loyalty. In 2013, \"Forbes\" named Kim Jong-un the World's 46th Most Powerful Person. On 27 March 2012, Kim was elected to the Fourth Conference of the Workers' Party of Korea. On 11 April, that conference wrote the post of general secretary out of the party charter",
"psg_id": "8274763"
},
{
"title": "1953 United Nations Secretary-General selection",
"text": "the task imposed on me.\" On 7 April 1953, the General Assembly voted 57-1-1 to appoint Dag Hammarskjöld Secretary-General of the United Nations for a 5-year term. The negative vote was from Nationalist China, and the abstention may have been a Latin American country. The Swedish ambassador speculated that tensions with Juan Perón caused Argentina to abstain, but others felt that Uruguay abstained to protest the manner in which Hammarskjöld had been rushed through the Security Council without consulting the non-permanent members. U.S. ambassador Lodge attempted to mollify the Latin American countries by explaining that the nomination had happened so",
"psg_id": "20753482"
},
{
"title": "Peter Hansen (UN)",
"text": "he took over the post of Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator. During his UN tenure, he has served as Chairman of the Organization's Appointment and Promotion Board and various committees and as the Secretary-General's representative to the World Food Programme. He also served as the Special Representative of the Secretary-General to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee established to follow up the Washington Conference in support of the Middle East peace process. Hansen was appointed Commissioner-General of UNRWA by UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali on January 20, 1996 and took office on March 1, 1996. His term ended on",
"psg_id": "3883290"
},
{
"title": "Christina Natt och Dag",
"text": "Christina Natt och Dag Christina Nilsdotter Natt och Dag (1580-1642) was a Swedish court official. She was the royal governess of queen Christina of Sweden from 1639 until 1642. Christina Natt och Dag was the only daughter of four children to nobleman Nils Nilsson Natt och Dag (1554-1613), chamberlain at the royal court, and Anna Bengtsdotter Gylta (1550-1603). She married royal governor nobleman Holger von Scheiding (1583-1631). Her eldest brother Pehr Nilsson Natt och Dag (1583-1634) was a member of the Council and her middle brother Ivar Nilsson Natt och Dag (1590-1651) was a royal governor. After the death of",
"psg_id": "20462713"
},
{
"title": "Elizabeth Alexander (press secretary)",
"text": "office to practice law. Alexander was succeeded by Kendra Barkoff, the former Deputy Communications Director and Press Secretary to Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar. Previously, Alexander served as Press Secretary for the United Nations Foundation, creating media campaigns to highlight UN causes around the world. During the 2004 general election campaign, she traveled the country as DNC Chairman Terry McAuliffe's press secretary. During the 2004 primary campaign, she served as Rep. Dick Gephardt's South Carolina press secretary. Prior, Alexander was Rep. Adam Schiff's (D-CA) Communications Director and Deputy Press Secretary for U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY). Alexander is from",
"psg_id": "13052448"
},
{
"title": "Dag Hareide",
"text": "Dag Hareide Dag Hareide (born 24 February 1949) is an organizational leader and author. He was knighted in the First Order of St. Olav by the King of Norway in 2015 for exceptional engagement in social innovation in civil society. He has been director of Rainforest Foundation Norway (2012 - 2015), one of the largest rainforest organizations in the world, Director of Nansen Academy Norway, the Norwegian Humanistic Academy which included the Nansen Center for Peace and Dialogue (2006 - 2012) and of other folk high schools, Chair of Nordic Forum for Mediation and Conflict Management (2002–2006) which gathered conflict",
"psg_id": "14411275"
},
{
"title": "Eprime Eshag",
"text": "to pursue private accountancy work. At around this time he was active in the left-wing Tudeh party. In his work, Eshag was influenced by and supported the work of Joan Robinson, Michal Kalecki as well as J.M. Keynes and was particularly noted for applying his economic knowledge in the context of development. He was appointed by the United Nations (UN) as an Economic Affairs Officer in the UN Secretariat and spent nearly a decade there. His period with the UN ended after a confrontation with UN Secretary General Dag Hammarskjöld over the latter's request that Eshag tone down his critique",
"psg_id": "14526312"
},
{
"title": "2004 Republican National Convention protest activity",
"text": "People's Economic Human Rights Campaign, a national campaign involving over sixty organizations, held a rally by the United Nations on the Dag Hammarskjold Plaza. Along with many homeless and poor people who have been marching with the PPEHRC through New Jersey and living in a \"mobile Bushville\" (which settled in Brooklyn a week before the Convention), thousands thronged the streets despite having been denied a permit and marched down Second Avenue and up Eighth Avenue to Madison Square Garden, the police having decided not to stop the protesters. A few troublemakers apparently acting alone disrupted the march towards the end",
"psg_id": "3665087"
},
{
"title": "Ny Dag (Norwegian newspaper)",
"text": "late 1924. The editor-in-chief Ødegaard initially joined the Communists and remained in \"Ny Dag\". However, after the Norwegian parliamentary election, 1924 he got cold feet, left \"Ny Dag\" and rejoined the Labour Party. Reiersen returned as editor. \"Ny Dag\" came with its last issue on 29 December 1924. It had become indebted, and finally disappeared in 1925. Ny Dag (Norwegian newspaper) Ny Dag (\"New Day\") was a Norwegian newspaper, published in Gjøvik in Oppland county. \"Ny Dag\" was started in June 1913 as a Labour Party newspaper. It had no editor-in-chief right from the start, but an editorial committee. Eivind",
"psg_id": "14960241"
},
{
"title": "Dag Tønder",
"text": "county governor in Finnmark county, Norway. He was serving for the Governor Peder Holt who was serving in the Cabinet of Norway at that time. During his time as acting governor, Tønder was helped found the Sámi language newspaper company . He was the chairman of the company from 15 June 1956 to 29 March 1958. Dag Tønder Dag Tønder (27 June 1907–13 July 1989) was a Norwegian editor, lawyer, and public official. He served for a time as a judge in Vardø. From 1951 to 1955 he was acting county governor in Finnmark county, Norway. Dag Tønder was born",
"psg_id": "20784977"
}
] | [
"african congo",
"the kongos",
"congo (disambiguation)",
"congo (country)",
"lower congo",
"kongo",
"kongo (disambiguation)",
"the congo",
"kongô",
"congo",
"congos",
"kongou"
] |
what was the autobiography of the first president of non-apartheid south africa called? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "President of South Africa",
"text": "President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections were held on 27 April 1994. The Constitution limits the president's time in office to two five-year terms. The first president to be elected under the",
"psg_id": "2130857"
},
{
"title": "President of South Africa",
"text": "and the Tuynhuys in Cape Town. His living residences are Mahlamba Ndlopfu in Pretoria, Genadendal in Cape Town and Dr John L Dube House in Durban. President of South Africa The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa. From 1961 to 1994, the head of state was called the State President. The President is elected by the National Assembly, the lower house of Parliament, and is usually the leader of the largest party, which has been the African National Congress since the first non-racial elections",
"psg_id": "2130873"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "Rugby World Cup was a powerful boost to post-apartheid South Africa's return to the international sporting scene. Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from",
"psg_id": "12647328"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era South Africa under apartheid was subjected to a variety of international boycotts, including on sporting contacts. There was some debate about whether the aim of the boycott was to end segregation in sport, or to end apartheid together. In 1980, the United Nations began compiling a \"Register of Sports Contacts with South Africa\". This was a list of sportspeople and officials who had participated in events within South Africa. It was compiled mainly from reports in South African newspapers. Being listed did not itself result in any punishment, but was regarded",
"psg_id": "12647311"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "revoked in 1993, when conciliations for a democratic South Africa were well under way. In the 1960s, the Anti-Apartheid Movement worldwide began to campaign for \"cultural\" boycotts of apartheid South Africa. Artists were requested not to present or let their works be hosted in South Africa. In 1963, 45 British writers put their signatures to an affirmation approving of the boycott, and, in 1964, American actor Marlon Brando called for a similar affirmation for films. In 1965, the Writers' Guild of Great Britain called for a proscription on the sending of films to South Africa. Over sixty American artists signed",
"psg_id": "12762790"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics",
"text": "agreed it could not seek readmission to the IOC until apartheid was abolished, negotiations to prepare the way for South Africa's reintegration into world sport proceeded in tandem with the political negotiations to end apartheid. Within South Africa, in each sport there were competing race-specific and multi-racial bodies, which would have to merge into one in order to affiliate into both a nonracial NOC and the IF for its sport. ANOCA took the lead in negotiations in 1990 and early 1991, and an Interim National Olympic Committee of South Africa (INOCSA) was formed with Sam Ramsamy as President. Ramsamy had",
"psg_id": "17369791"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "1985 Formula One race, some teams in this international motorsport boycotting as part of pressure from their own governments, as part of the mounting pressure against apartheid. South Africa remained a member of the International Rugby Board (IRB) throughout the apartheid era. Halt All Racist Tours was established in New Zealand in 1969 to oppose continued tours to and from South Africa. Apartheid South Africa's last foreign tour was to New Zealand in 1981. This tour was highly controversial due to the difference of opinions. Though contacts were restricted after the Gleneagles Agreement in 1977, there were controversial tours in",
"psg_id": "12647320"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics",
"text": "Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic Committee (NOC) was expelled from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in 1970. In 1991, as part of the transition to multiracial equality, a new NOC was formed and admitted to the IOC, and the country competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics. All sport in South Africa under apartheid was segregated by race, with separate clubs and governing bodies. Only white bodies were affiliated",
"psg_id": "17369780"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "aid to RENAMO and having caused the crash using a new advanced electronic beacon capable of luring aircraft into crashing. This was never proven and is still a subject of great controversy. The South African Margo Commission found that the crash was an accident while a Soviet delegation issued a minority report implicating South Africa. Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \"apartheid\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially",
"psg_id": "12762806"
},
{
"title": "State President of South Africa",
"text": "office was abolished in 1994, with the end of Apartheid and the transition to democratic majority rule. Since then, the head of state and head of government is known simply as the President of South Africa. Republicanism had long been a plank in the platform of the ruling National Party. However, it was not until 1960, 12 years after it took power, that it was able to hold a referendum on the issue. A narrow majority—52 percent— of the minority white electorate voted in favour of abolishing the monarchy and declaring South Africa a republic. The Republic of South Africa",
"psg_id": "2287063"
},
{
"title": "President of the Senate of South Africa",
"text": "President of the Senate of South Africa The President of the Senate presided over the Senate of South Africa, the upper house of the Parliament of South Africa. The President was chosen from among the Senators at its first sitting following a general election and whenever the office was vacant. The President acted as a \"referee\", taking charge of debates to make sure that the Senators could participate freely while keeping to the rules. The President also had managerial duties to ensure that Senate runs smoothly. Each political party in the Senate elected a chief whip to run its affairs.",
"psg_id": "11509138"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "Indians, a great cause of divergence between South Africa and India. In 1952, apartheid was thrashed out again in the aftermath of the Defiance Campaign. The UN set up a task team to keep watch on the progress of apartheid and the racial state of affairs in South Africa. Although racial variance in South Africa was a cause for concern, most countries in the UN concurred that this was one of South Africa's in-house issues, which fell outside the UN's jurisdiction. The UN only became resolute in challenging South Africa afterwards. Separate from the issue of apartheid was a major",
"psg_id": "12762746"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "Agreement being adopted by the Commonwealth in 1977. The IOC adopted a declaration against \"apartheid in sport\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. The 1934 British Empire Games, originally awarded in 1930 to Johannesburg, was moved to London after the (pre-apartheid) South Africa government refused to allow nonwhite participants. South Africa continued to participate in every Games until it left the Commonwealth in 1961. The Thatcher government's refusal to enforce the Gleneagles Agreement in the UK led Nigeria to initiate a boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, from which 32 of 59 eligible",
"psg_id": "12647314"
},
{
"title": "Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa",
"text": "Negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa The apartheid system in South Africa was ended through a series of negotiations between 1990 and 1993 and through unilateral steps by the de Klerk government. These negotiations took place between the governing National Party, the African National Congress, and a wide variety of other political organisations. Negotiations took place against a backdrop of political violence in the country, including allegations of a state-sponsored third force destabilising the country. The negotiations resulted in South Africa's first non-racial election, which was won by the African National Congress. Apartheid was a system of racial discrimination",
"psg_id": "7798182"
},
{
"title": "State President of South Africa",
"text": "in 1961, most non-South African sources had referred to the State President as simply the \"President\". The leader of the African National Congress, Nelson Mandela, was sworn in as President on 10 May 1994. There is one living former South African State President: State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa",
"psg_id": "2287069"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "end of apartheid, sports rapidly ended their boycotts and South Africa was readmitted in the International sports federations. The European Community announced its member governments' ending of the boycott in June 1991. India, which vehemently opposed South Africa's apartheid policy and was at the forefront of isolating the country internationally at all levels, ended its boycott in 1991 by inviting the South African cricket team to the country for an ODI series and subsequently allowed the Indian cricket team to tour South Africa for a Test and ODI series in late 1992. The country's hosting and winning of the 1995",
"psg_id": "12647327"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid are studied as the foreign relations of South Africa between 1948 and 1993. South Africa introduced \"apartheid\" in 1948, as a systematic extension of pre-existing racial discrimination in the country. Initially the regime implemented an offensive foreign policy trying to consolidate South African hegemony over Southern Africa. These attempts had clearly failed by the late 1970s. As a result of its racism and foreign interventionism in Angola and the occupation of Namibia, the country became increasingly isolated internationally, with few allies except similarly isolated countries or",
"psg_id": "12762743"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "would be up to South Africa to keep contact with other African states. However, after the Ogaden War Somalia soon aligned itself with South Africa. Even receiving military aid and volunteers from South Africa to fight the rebels in Somaliland in the mid 1980s. In 1966, BJ Vorster was made South African Prime Minister. He was not about to eliminate apartheid, but he did try to redress South Africa's seclusion and the purported larger mentality. He wanted to perk up the country's global reputation and overseas dealings, even those with black-ruled nations in Africa. This he called his \"Outward-Looking\" policy:",
"psg_id": "12762766"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "as they were already barred from these by their own government. Sporting seclusion commenced in the mid-1950s and increased through the 1960s. Apartheid forbade multiracial sport, which meant that overseas teams, by virtue of their having players of diverse races, could not play in South Africa. In 1956, the International Table Tennis Federation severed its ties with the all-white South African Table Tennis Union, preferring the non-racial South African Table Tennis Board in its stead. The apartheid government came back by confiscating the passports of the Board's players so that they were unable to attend international games. Other global sports",
"psg_id": "12762784"
},
{
"title": "National anthem of South Africa",
"text": "African national anthem has come under criticism for its Afrikaans verse as it originally part of the national anthem of South Africa that was used during the apartheid era, with some calling for the verse to be removed because of this connection. Others defend the inclusion of the verse, pointing out that it is included in large part due to the wishes of the first post-apartheid South African president, Nelson Mandela, who intended its inclusion as a re-conciliatory measure for the post-apartheid future of South Africa. National anthem of South Africa The current national anthem of South Africa was adopted",
"psg_id": "418210"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "as a moral pressure on athletes. Some sports bodies would discipline athletes based on the register. Athletes could have their names deleted from the register by giving a written undertaking not to return to apartheid South Africa to compete. The register is regarded as having been an effective instrument. The UN General Assembly adopted the International Convention against Apartheid in Sports on 10 December 1985. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) withdrew its invitation to South Africa to the 1964 Summer Olympics when interior minister Jan de Klerk insisted the team would not be racially integrated. In 1968, the IOC was",
"psg_id": "12647312"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics",
"text": "been a leading anti-apartheid campaigner and advocate of sports boycotts. In June 1991, the Population Registration Act, 1950, a cornerstone of apartheid legislation, was repealed by the government of F. W. de Klerk, and in July an INOCSA delegation met with the Apartheid and Olympism Commission at the IOC headquarters in Lausanne. The IOC recognised INOCSA on 9 July 1991, such that the \"interim\" was removed from its name (NOCSA). It first competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. The official flag of South Africa and national anthem \"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika\" were still the apartheid-era ones, but the",
"psg_id": "17369792"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "a statement against apartheid and against professional links with the state. The presentation of some South African plays in Britain and America was also vetoed. After the arrival of television in South Africa in 1975, the British Actors Union, \"Equity\", boycotted the service, and no British program concerning its associates could be sold to South Africa. Sporting and cultural boycotts did not have the same impact as economic sanctions, but they did much to lift consciousness amongst normal South Africans of the global condemnation of apartheid. These facets of social remoteness from the worldwide hamlet made apartheid a discomfiture and",
"psg_id": "12762791"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics",
"text": "Union was not affiliated to the New Zealand Olympic Committee. Of 28 African invitees, 26 boycotted the Games, joined by Iraq and Guyana. South Africa continued to compete at the (Summer) Paralympics until excluded by the Dutch government from the 1980 Games. Parasport had a racially integrated team from 1975. South Africa was expelled from the International Paralympic Committee in 1985. The IOC adopted a declaration against \"apartheid in sport\" on 21 June 1988, for the total isolation of apartheid sport. In 1988 the IOC formed the Apartheid and Olympism Commission, including Kevan Gosper, the SCSA, and SANROC. While SANOC",
"psg_id": "17369790"
},
{
"title": "Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics",
"text": "Olympic team competed under an interim flag and Beethoven's \"Ode to Joy\". Likewise it decided not to use the Springbok emblem or green-and-gold colours of white sports teams. These decisions were unpopular with white South Africans, and as a concession the green-and-gold colours were adopted. NOCSA in 2004 merged with other bodies to form the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee (SASCOC). Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics South Africa did not compete at Olympic Games from 1964 to 1988, as a part of the sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era. The South African National Olympic",
"psg_id": "17369793"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "the trickier for the apartheid government to uphold itself and its policies. Such sanctions were argued frequently within the UN, and many recognised and backed it as an effectual and non-violent way of applying force, but South Africa's major trading partners once more voted against mandatory sanctions. In 1962, the UN General Assembly requested that its members split political, fiscal and transportation connections with South Africa. In 1968, it suggested the deferral of all cultural, didactic and sporting commerce as well. From 1964, the US and Britain discontinued their dealings of armaments to South Africa. In spite of the many",
"psg_id": "12762758"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "trade links. Even though India became a republic within the Commonwealth in 1950 it became clear that African and Asian member states would oppose South Africa due to its apartheid policies. As a result, South Africa withdrew from the Commonwealth on 31 May 1961, the day that the Republic came into existence. In 1960, the UN's conservative stance on apartheid changed. The Sharpeville massacre had jolted the global neighbourhood, with the apartheid regime showing that it would use violent behaviour to repress opposition to racial inequity. Many Western states began to see apartheid as a possible danger to global harmony,",
"psg_id": "12762754"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "Africa as a bastion against Marxist forces in Southern Africa. Thatcher declared the ANC a terrorist organisation, and in 1987 her spokesman, Bernard Ingham, famously said that anyone who believed that the ANC would ever form the government of South Africa was \"living in cloud cuckoo land\". By the late 1980s, however, with the tide of the Cold War turning and no sign of a political resolution in South Africa, Western patience with the apartheid government began to run out. By 1989, a bipartisan Republican/Democratic initiative in the US favoured economic sanctions (realised as the \"Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act\"), the release",
"psg_id": "12762797"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "South Africa would look outwards, towards the global neighbourhood, rather than adopting a siege mentality and estranging it. The buzzwords for his strategy were \"dialogue\" and \"détente\", signifying arbitration and reduction of pressure. Following the Soweto Uprising in 1976 and its brutal suppression by the apartheid regime, the arms embargo was made mandatory by the UN Security Council on 4 November 1977 and South Africa became increasingly isolated internationally, with tough economic sanctions weighing heavily. Not all countries imposed or fully supported the sanctions, however; instead, they continued to benefit from trade with apartheid South Africa. During the 1980s, though,",
"psg_id": "12762767"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "for sanctions, Britain remained unwilling to sever her ties with the apartheid administration. Possible reasons were her copious assets in the state, an unwillingness to hazard turbulence brought on by intercontinental meddling, and the fact that many British people had kith and kin living in South Africa or, indeed, were living there themselves. Along with America, Britain would persistently vote against certain sanctions against South Africa. However, there was significant and notable resistance to apartheid within the United Kingdom, such as the Anti-Apartheid Movement. \"\" is a 2012 book documenting assistance given to the ANC from activists in the UK.",
"psg_id": "12762776"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "first and most successful official stopover in South Africa. Associations with Mozambique followed suit and were sustained after that country won its sovereignty in 1975. Angola was also granted South African loans. Other countries which formed relationships with South Africa were Liberia, Côte d'Ivoire, Madagascar, Mauritius, Gabon, Zaire (now the Democratic Republic of the Congo), Ghana and the Central African Republic. These African states criticised apartheid (more than ever after South Africa's denunciation of the Lusaka Manifesto), but fiscal reliance on South Africa, together with fear of her armed potency, resulted in their forming the aforementioned ties. The \"Outward Looking\"",
"psg_id": "12762772"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "principle had a significant consequence for South Africa's relationships with Western nations. When Vorster brought forth his strategy, it appeared to them that South Africa might be loosening her grip. At the same time, the West regarded the apartheid administration as a significant friend in the Cold War. Economically, such nations as Britain and America had numerous concerns in South Africa, and, although they did not endorse apartheid, these concerns led them to a more moderate stance on the country and to vote against financial sanctions against her at UN conferences. When South Africa pulled out of the Commonwealth in",
"psg_id": "12762773"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "tours in the 1980s. Participants in the latter were banned by their national federations upon returning. World Series Cricket, run outside the auspices of the ICC in 1977–79, included South African players in its \"Rest of the World\" team. In the World Cup, the Greek government banned South Africa from the 1979 competition in Athens. South Africa competed in the 1980 edition in Bogota. The prospect of their appearing in the 1981 edition, due to be staged at Waterville in Ireland, caused it to be cancelled. South Africa did not reappear until the post-apartheid era in 1992. South African golfers",
"psg_id": "12647318"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "provided military support for the ANC and PAC. It was more difficult, though, for neighbouring states such as Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland, because they were economically dependent on South Africa. Still, they did feed the struggle underground. Ordinary people in foreign countries did much in protest against the apartheid government, too. The British Anti-Apartheid Movement was one of these, organising boycotts against South African sports teams, South African products such as wine and fruit, and British companies that traded with or in South Africa. Other organisations were formed to prevent musicians and the like from coming into the country, and",
"psg_id": "12762793"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "the South African Non-Racial Olympic Committee (SANROC) was set up. The Anti-Apartheid Movement persisted in its campaign for South Africa's exclusion, and the IOC acceded in barring the country from the 1964 Games in Tokyo. South Africa selected a multi-racial side for the next Games, and the IOC opted to incorporate her in the 1968 Games in Mexico. Because of protests from AAMs and African nations, however, the IOC was forced to retract the invitation, along with one for Rhodesia. Foreign complaints about South Africa's bigoted sports brought more isolation. In 1960, Verwoerd barred a Māori rugby player from touring",
"psg_id": "12762786"
},
{
"title": "Culture of South Africa",
"text": "place in Afrikaans as well. There are also a large number of other educational institutions in South Africa – some are local campuses of foreign universities, some conduct classes for students who write their exams at the distance-education University of South Africa and some offer unaccredited or non-accredited diplomas. \"See: List of universities in South Africa; List of post secondary institutions in South Africa; \" Public expenditure on education was at 6.1% of the 2016 GDP. Under apartheid, schools for blacks were subject to discrimination through inadequate funding and a separate syllabus called \"Bantu Education\" which was only designed to",
"psg_id": "2293163"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "had been powerless to effect a concurrence with Prime Minister Verwoerd. That same year, Verwoerd proclaimed South Africa's extraction from the Commonwealth as a result of its censure of his government. On 6 November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, condemning South African apartheid policies. On 7 August 1963 the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 181 calling for a voluntary arms embargo against South Africa, and that very year, a Special Committee Against Apartheid was established to encourage and oversee plans of action against the regime. In 1966, the United Nations held the first (of many)",
"psg_id": "12762756"
},
{
"title": "Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa",
"text": "Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of the South African population classified as Black, 9% as White, 9% as Coloured, and 2% as Indian/Asian. Under apartheid, Whites held almost all political power in South Africa, with other races almost completely marginalised from the political process. While the end of apartheid",
"psg_id": "11614215"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "let go of the mandate, and, in 1960, Liberia and Ethiopia requested that the International Court of Justice announce that South Africa's management of South West Africa was illegitimate. They argued that South Africa was bringing apartheid to South-West Africa, too. South Africa was formally accused of maladministration, and the lawsuit, commencing in November 1960, lasted almost six years. The International Court's verdict astonished the UN: it ruled that Liberia and Ethiopia had no right to take issue with South Africa's deeds in South-West Africa. The Court did not, however, pass judgement on whether or not South Africa still had",
"psg_id": "12762750"
},
{
"title": "History of South Africa",
"text": "the next general election. A president may serve a maximum of two terms. In the event of a vacancy the Deputy President serves as Acting President. History of South Africa The first humans are believed to have inhabited South Africa more than 100,000 years ago. The historical record of this ethnically diverse country is generally divided into five distinct periods: the pre-colonial era, the colonial era, the post-colonial and apartheid eras, and the post-apartheid era. Much of this history, particularly of the colonial and post-colonial eras, is characterised by clashes of culture, violent territorial disputes between European settlers and indigenous",
"psg_id": "750577"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "were all opposed to apartheid, many were economically dependent on South Africa. In 1980, they formed the Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC), the aim of which was to promote economic development in the region and hence reduce dependence on South Africa. Furthermore, many SADCC members also allowed the exiled ANC and PAC to establish bases in their countries. Other African countries also contributed to the fall of apartheid. In 1978, Nigeria boycotted the Commonwealth Games because New Zealand's sporting contacts with the South African government were not considered to be in accordance with the 1977 Gleneagles Agreement. Nigeria also",
"psg_id": "12762803"
},
{
"title": "History of South Africa",
"text": "the establishment of so-called \"homelands\" or \"reserves\". It authorised the forced evictions of thousands of African people from urban centres in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) to what became described colloquially as \"Bantustans\" or the \"original homes\", as they were officially referred to, of the black tribes of South Africa. The same legislation applied also to South West Africa over which South Africa had continued after World War I to exercise a disputed League of Nations mandate. Apartheid apologists attempted to justify the \"homelands\" policy by citing the 1947 partition of India, when the British had done",
"psg_id": "750544"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "Palme made the keynote address to the \"Swedish People's Parliament Against Apartheid\" held in Stockholm. In addressing the hundreds of anti-apartheid sympathisers as well as leaders and officials from the ANC and the Anti-Apartheid Movement such as Oliver Tambo, Palme said Apartheid needed to be abolished, not reformed. Other Western countries adopted a more ambivalent position. In the 1980s, both the Reagan and Thatcher administrations in the USA and UK followed a 'constructive engagement' policy with the apartheid government, vetoing the imposition of UN economic sanctions on South Africa, as they both fiercely believed in free trade and saw South",
"psg_id": "12762796"
},
{
"title": "First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa",
"text": "First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa The First Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa made changes related to the oath of office of the Acting President and to the jurisdiction of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. It was enacted by the Parliament of South Africa, and signed by President Mandela on 28 August 1997. However it was deemed to come into effect retroactively, from 4 February 1997, the date when the constitution itself came into force. The Act made three technical modifications to the Constitution: This last change allowed the TRC to deal with various violent events,",
"psg_id": "13888994"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "concurrences with the UN over their management of the mandates. South Africa, however, refused to play ball, declining to allow the territory to move towards independence. The NP government argued that, for a quarter of a century, South-West Africa had been directed as a piece of South Africa, and the preponderance of South-West Africans wanted to become South Africans anyway. Instead, South-West Africa was treated as a \"de facto\" \"fifth province\" of the Union. The South African government turned this mandate arrangement into a military occupation, and extended apartheid to South-West Africa. The UN attempted to compel South Africa to",
"psg_id": "12762749"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "In 1995, during his official state visit to the UK, Nelson Mandela appeared on the balcony of High Commission of South Africa, London to thank supporters in the UK. The High Commission had been a constant target of protests during apartheid. South Africa rejoined the Commonwealth in 1994, albeit, as a Commonwealth republic and not a realm. At the outset of apartheid, the United States avoided serious criticism of South Africa's racial policies in part because several U.S. states, especially in the Deep South, had similar policies under the Jim Crow laws. Following the 1960 Sharpeville massacre, however, the country",
"psg_id": "12762777"
},
{
"title": "Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa",
"text": "the African continent. The same report lists the biggest obstacle to doing business as an \"Inadequately educated workforce\". Education, therefore, remains one of the poorest areas of performance in post-apartheid South Africa and one of the biggest causes of continued inequality and poverty. Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa Nelson Mandela's electoral victory in 1994 signified the end of apartheid in South Africa, a system of widespread racially-based segregation to enforce almost complete separation of different races in South Africa. Under the apartheid system, South Africans were classified into four different races: White, Black, Coloured, and Indian/Asian, with about 80% of",
"psg_id": "11614230"
},
{
"title": "1992 South African apartheid referendum",
"text": "multi-racial elections, which resulted in a huge victory for the African National Congress and made Nelson Mandela the first black President of South Africa. 1992 South African apartheid referendum A referendum on ending apartheid was held in South Africa on 17 March 1992. The referendum was limited to white South African voters, who were asked whether or not they supported the negotiated reforms begun by State President F. W. de Klerk two years earlier, in which he proposed to end the apartheid system that had been implemented since 1948. The result of the election was a large victory for the",
"psg_id": "6931306"
},
{
"title": "Disinvestment from South Africa",
"text": "Disinvestment from South Africa Disinvestment (or divestment) from South Africa was first advocated in the 1960s, in protest of South Africa's system of apartheid, but was not implemented on a significant scale until the mid-1980s. The disinvestment campaign, after being realized in federal legislation enacted in 1986 by the United States, is credited by some as pressuring the South African Government to embark on negotiations ultimately leading to the dismantling of the Apartheid system. In November 1962, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 1761, a non-binding resolution establishing the United Nations Special Committee against Apartheid and called for imposing",
"psg_id": "10348199"
},
{
"title": "Department of Social Development (South Africa)",
"text": "Department of Social Development (South Africa) The Department of Social Development (DSD) of South Africa is a government department responsible for providing social development, protection, and welfare services to the public. Previously called the Department of Welfare, it was renamed in July 2000. The current Minister of Social Development is Susan Shabangu. The first Department was established in 1937, to regulate and subsidise existing private, non-governmental welfare services, while providing some additional services. The 1997 White Paper for Social Welfare noted that post-Apartheid South Africa had inherited social welfare programmes which were “not considered to be critical social investment priorities",
"psg_id": "20138823"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "sufferers. The Organisation for African Unity (OAU) was created in 1963. Its primary objectives were to eradicate colonialism and improve social, political and economic situations in Africa. It censured apartheid and demanded sanctions against South Africa. African states swore to aid the freedom movements in their fights against apartheid. In April 1969, fourteen autonomous nations from Central and East Africa gathered in Lusaka, Zambia, to argue about various African matters. The assembly formulated the 'Lusaka Manifesto', which was signed on 13 April by all of the countries in attendance, except for Malawi. This manifesto was later taken on by both",
"psg_id": "12762760"
},
{
"title": "Inequality in post-apartheid South Africa",
"text": "allowed equal rights for all South Africans regardless of race, modern-day South Africa struggles to correct the social inequalities created by decades of apartheid. Despite a rising GDP, indices for poverty, unemployment, income inequality, life expectancy, land ownership, have declined due to the increase in population; with the end of the apartheid system in South Africa leaving the country socio-economically stratified by race. Subsequent government policies have sought to correct inequity with varying amounts of success. Many of the inequalities created and enforced by apartheid still remain in South Africa today. Income inequality has worsened since the end of apartheid,",
"psg_id": "11614216"
},
{
"title": "President of South Africa",
"text": "and dominions who have adopted a parliamentary republican form of government and those that follow the Westminster system, South Africa's President is both head of state and head of government and Commander-in-Chief of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF). Contrary to presidential systems around the world, the President of South Africa is elected by the Parliament of South Africa rather than by the people directly. He is thus answerable to it in theory and able to influence legislation in practice as head of the majority party (presently the ANC). The President is elected at the first sitting of Parliament",
"psg_id": "2130862"
},
{
"title": "Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa",
"text": "Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa Kruger v President of the Republic of South Africa and Others is an important case in South African law, heard in the Constitutional Court (CC) on 19 February 2008, with judgment handed down on 2 October. The judges were Langa CJ, O'Regan ADCJ, Madala J, Mokgoro J, Ngcobo J, Nkabinde J, Skweyiya J (who composed the majority judgment), Van Der Westhuizen J, Yacoob J, Jafta AJ and Kroon AJ. Counsel for the applicant was G. Budlender. There was no appearance for the first respondent, but Wim Trengrove SC (with A. Cockerell)",
"psg_id": "16560226"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "decided to let a tournament between the United States and South Africa take place in Newport Beach, California in April 1977 in spite of backlash from African nations and protesters due to the apartheid regime. When protesters ran on the court during the match, Tony Trabert, the U.S. manager, \"hit two protestors with a racket\" according to \"The Washington Post\". Hester also let another Davis Cup tournament take place at Vanderbilt University's Memorial Gymnasium in Nashville, Tennessee in March 1978 despite protests from civil rights leaders. Hester explained, \"We do not support or agree with the apartheid policy of the",
"psg_id": "12647324"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "1961, the United Kingdom led resistance to calls for punitive monetary and trade sanctions. It had many key trade links and, in particular, needed South Africa's gold. There were also strategic motives for not severing all ties with the apartheid government. As the southernmost nation in Africa, and the juncture of the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, South Africa was still a vital point in sea-trade routes. In 1969, the Commandant General of the South African Defence Force (SADF) confirmed that, \"[i]n the entire ocean expanse from Australia to South America, South Africa is the only fixed point offering modern naval",
"psg_id": "12762774"
},
{
"title": "President of South Africa",
"text": "powers of his or her office while within the Republic of South Africa. Should the president be outside of the country, or unable to fulfil the duties of the office, they may appoint an acting president. The presidential vacancy should be filled first by the Deputy President, then cabinet minister selected by the President, then a cabinet minister selected by the cabinet, and finally by the Speaker of the National Assembly. The President is the head of state, head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Republic of South Africa. The rights, responsibilities and remuneration of the",
"psg_id": "2130867"
},
{
"title": "Order of the Star of South Africa",
"text": "Order of the Star of South Africa The Order of the Star of South Africa is a South African National Order that consisted of seven decorations in two military and five non-military classes. The order was discontinued on 2 December 2002. The Order of the Star of South Africa was instituted by the Republic of South Africa on 1 July 1975. The decorations of the order were awarded by the State President and, from 1994, the President of South Africa to general and flag officers of the South African Defence Force for services concerning national defence and security. It replaced",
"psg_id": "9719785"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "began to stand up against apartheid. In 1971, Vorster altered his policies even further by distinguishing multiracial from multinational sport. Multiracial sport, between teams with players of different races, remained outlawed; multinational sport, however, was now acceptable: international sides would not be subject to South Africa's racial stipulations. International censure of segregated sport and calls for sporting sanctions persisted. The UN would continue to hold them against South Africa until the end of apartheid. These measures did not bring an end to international sport for South African teams, but they added very much to the country's seclusion. The bans were",
"psg_id": "12762789"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "colloquiums on apartheid. The General Assembly announced 21 March as the International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, in memory of the Sharpeville bloodbath. In 1971, the UN General Assembly formally denounced the institution of homelands, and a motion was passed in 1974 to eject South Africa from the UN, but this was discarded by France, Britain and the United States of America, all of them key trade associates of South Africa. One probable type of action against South Africa was economic sanction. If UN affiliates broke fiscal and trading links with the country, it would make it all",
"psg_id": "12762757"
},
{
"title": "Star of South Africa, Gold",
"text": "the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) after the end of apartheid. The Star of South Africa, Gold, post-nominal letters SSA, was instituted by the State President on 1 July 1975, as the senior decoration of two military classes of the Order of the Star of South Africa. The Order was named after the first large diamond to be found in South Africa, the Star of South Africa, which was found on the banks of the Orange River in 1869 and which sparked the New Rush, leading to the establishment of Kimberley. The Order of the Star of South Africa",
"psg_id": "18075379"
},
{
"title": "Prime Minister of South Africa",
"text": "He was the country's leading political figure and \"de facto\" chief executive, with powers similar to those of his British counterpart. The position of Prime Minister was abolished in 1984, when the State President was given executive powers after a new constitution was adopted—effectively merging the powers of the Prime Minister with those of the State President. The last Prime Minister, P. W. Botha, became the first executive State President after the constitutional reform. In post-Apartheid South Africa, the Inkatha Freedom Party has called for a return to a Westminster-style split executive with a Prime Minister as the actual head",
"psg_id": "2090697"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "In 1971, Israel offered $2,850 in aid to the Organisation of African Unity. The aid was rejected, but the offer caused tension between South African Jews and their government. After the 1967 Six-Day War, however, Israel largely cut off humanitarian aid to Sub-Saharan Africa and became Pretoria's strategic partner, establishing strong economic and military relations with the 1975 Israel–South Africa Agreement, which included alleged nuclear collaboration. While some countries and organisations, like the Swiss-South African Association, supported the Apartheid government, most of the international community isolated South Africa. One of the primary means for the international community to show its",
"psg_id": "12762782"
},
{
"title": "President of South Africa",
"text": "African War. The Union of South Africa, a British Dominion, was established on 31 May 1910 with the British monarch as titular head of state, represented by a viceroy, the Governor-General. Upon the declaration of the Republic of South Africa on 31 May 1961, the office of State President was created. It was originally a ceremonial post, but became an executive post in 1984 when a new constitution abolished the post of Prime Minister and transferred its powers to the State President. South Africa has an almost unique system for the election of its president. Unlike other former British colonies",
"psg_id": "2130861"
},
{
"title": "History of the South Africa national rugby union team",
"text": "History of the South Africa national rugby union team The History of the South Africa national rugby union team dates back to 1891, when the British Lions first toured South Africa where they played against South African representative sides. The South Africa national rugby union team played few international matches during a period of international sanctions due to apartheid. Since the end of apartheid in 1990–91, South Africa has once again fully participated in international rugby. The most iconic moment in South Africa rugby history is when South Africa hosted and won the 1995 Rugby World Cup, with Nelson Mandela",
"psg_id": "18675466"
},
{
"title": "Flag of South Africa",
"text": "were also found in the old flag of South Africa. Former South African President F.W. de Klerk, who proclaimed the new flag on 20 April 1994, stated in his autobiography, \"The Last Trek: a New Beginning\", that chilli red was chosen instead of plain red (which Anglo-Africans would have preferred) or orange (as Afrikaners would have preferred). The Anglo-Boer War between 1899 and 1902 ended with the Treaty of Vereeniging on 31 May 1902 and resulted in what is now South Africa falling under the British Union Flag. The former Boer Republics of the Orange Free State and the Zuid-Afrikaanse",
"psg_id": "901613"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "though both later became naturalised US citizens. Some elite South African sportspeople competed internationally for another country, after becoming eligible through naturalization, length of residency, or other criteria applicable by the relevant IF. Examples include runner Zola Budd, whose UK nationality application was fast-tracked in time for the 1984 Summer Olympics; and cricketer Kepler Wessels, who acquired Australian eligibility in the 1980s through residency, before returning to South Africa, for whom he played after the end of apartheid. The 1994 film \"Muriel's Wedding\" recounts a fictional 1980s Australian's sham marriage to a South African swimmer seeking Olympic eligibility. With the",
"psg_id": "12647326"
},
{
"title": "President of South Africa",
"text": "established by Chapter Five of the Constitution of South Africa which was formed by a Constituent Assembly upon the dissolution of apartheid as state policy. A number of manifestations of the office have existed. Aspects of these offices exist within the presidency today. The executive leadership of the British colonies of Natal and of the Cape of Good Hope were invested in their Governors, likewise was invested in the Presidents of the Boer republics of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Alternating sovereignty as a result of wars culminated in the Vereeniging Treaty signed in which concluded the South",
"psg_id": "2130860"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "South Africa finally signed the agreement that granted the country its independence. The UN allowed the South African government back in 1994, however the South African government had to first show that they had undertaken certain measures to get rid of the racial judgement. Soon after the South African government created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, which was supposed to aid the transition from Apartheid to Democracy. South Africa's policies were subject to international scrutiny in 1960, when British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan criticised them during his celebrated Wind of Change speech in Cape Town. Weeks later, tensions came to",
"psg_id": "12762752"
},
{
"title": "Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations",
"text": "Republic of the Congo–South Africa relations Republic of the Congo – South Africa relations refers to the historical relationship between the Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville) and the Republic of South Africa. The Republic of the Congo was active in opposing apartheid South Africa. In November 1981, the then People's Republic of the Congo hosted a conference entitled \"Apartheid and health\", which discussed the health implications of racial discrimination and social inequality. In December 1988, representatives of Angola, Cuba and South Africa signed the Brazzaville Protocol which mandated the withdrawal of Cuban troops from Angola, paving the way for Namibia's",
"psg_id": "13912978"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "contributor to the political reforms leading to the end of Apartheid. The analysis concluded that in many instances sanctions undermined effective reform forces, such as the changing economic and social order within South Africa. Furthermore, it was argued that forces encouraging economic growth and development resulted in a more international and liberal outlook amongst South Africans, and were far more powerful agents of reform than sanctions. While international opposition to apartheid grew, the Nordic countries in particular provided both moral and financial support for the ANC. On 21 February 1986– a week before he was murdered– Sweden's prime minister Olof",
"psg_id": "12762795"
},
{
"title": "Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa",
"text": "Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid era. It also participates in both national and provincial traditional leaders' gatherings to garner support for legislation from non-Contralesa members. Contralesa has frequently",
"psg_id": "16502651"
},
{
"title": "National Interfaith Council of South Africa",
"text": "National Interfaith Council of South Africa The National Interfaith Council of South Africa (NICSA) is a co-operative interfaith religious body in South Africa formed by the merger of the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) and the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC). The National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) interfaith body was formed in post-apartheid South Africa. When President Jacob Zuma took office in 2009, Pastor Ray McCauley of Rhema Bible Church formed a new interfaith organization called the National Interfaith Leadership Council (NILC) which subsequently merged with the National Religious Leaders Forum (NRLF) to form NICSA in 2011. NICSA comprises members",
"psg_id": "16913474"
},
{
"title": "State President of South Africa",
"text": "State President of South Africa The State President of the Republic of South Africa () was the head of state of South Africa from 1961 to 1994. The office was established when the country became a republic in 1961, and Queen Elizabeth II ceased to be monarch of South Africa. The position of Governor-General of South Africa was accordingly abolished. From 1961 to 1984, the post was largely ceremonial. After constitutional reforms enacted in 1983 and taking effect in 1984, the State President became an executive post, and its holder was both head of state and head of government. The",
"psg_id": "2287062"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "aversion to apartheid was to boycott South Africa in a variety of spheres of multinational life. Economic and military sanctions were among these, but cultural and sporting boycotts also found their way in. South Africa, in this way, was cut off from the rest of the globe. It also awakened the South African community to the opinions of other countries. Despite financial shunning causing significant harm to black South Africans, the ANC proclaimed it as an essential means of achieving liberty. Cultural and sporting boycotts, on the other hand, did not have a negative effect on the lives of blacks,",
"psg_id": "12762783"
},
{
"title": "Politics of South Africa",
"text": "Party, which both introduced and ended apartheid through its predecessor the National Party, disbanded in 2005 to merge with the ANC. Jacob Zuma served as President of South Africa since May 9, 2009 until his resignation in February 2018. Zuma was replaced by Cyril Ramaphosa. The country's next general election will be held in 2019. The Economist Intelligence Unit rated South Africa as \"flawed democracy\" in 2016. South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, wherein the President of South Africa, elected by parliament, is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the",
"psg_id": "363401"
},
{
"title": "Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa",
"text": "Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration and Conditions of Employment Act, 1989, was brought by Kathy Satchwell, an openly lesbian judge of the Transvaal Provincial Division (now known as the Gauteng Division) of the High Court. The court ruled unanimously that the law",
"psg_id": "15803140"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "flashpoints throughout Southern Africa. This developed into a conventional war between South Africa and UNITA on one side against the Angolan government, the Cubans, the Soviets and SWAPO on the other side. By 1980, as international opinion turned decisively against the apartheid regime, the government and much of the white population increasingly looked upon the country as a bastion besieged by communism and radical black nationalists. Considerable effort was put into circumventing sanctions, and the government even went so far as to develop nuclear weapons, allegedly with the help of Israel. South Africa is the only country to date to",
"psg_id": "12762799"
},
{
"title": "Workers Party of South Africa",
"text": "Workers Party of South Africa The Workers Party of South Africa (WPSA) was the first Trotskyist organisation in South Africa to have a national base. It published a regular newspaper, \"Spark\". The party was founded in 1935 by the majority of the Cape Town-based Lenin Club and the Johannesburg-based Bolshevik-Leninist League of South Africa. Founding members included Isaac Bangani Tabata, Dora Taylor, Ralph Lee and Isaac Blank (later known as Ted Grant). Its first initiative was to intervene in the All African Convention, called to oppose the Hertzog Bills, which aimed to complete the implementation of apartheid in the nation.",
"psg_id": "9165001"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "led the 32-nation boycott of the 1986 Commonwealth Games because of British prime minister Margaret Thatcher's ambivalent attitude towards sporting links with South Africa, significantly affecting the quality and profitability of the Games and thus thrusting apartheid into the international spotlight. South Africa had a policy to attack terrorist bases in neighbouring countries. These attacks were mainly aimed at ANC, PAC and SWAPO guerrilla-bases and safe houses in retaliation for acts of terror – like bomb explosions, massacres and guerrilla actions (like sabotage) by ANC, PAC and Swapo guerrillas in South Africa and Namibia. The country also aided organisations in",
"psg_id": "12762804"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "the number of countries opposing South Africa increased, and the economy came under tremendous strain. Vorster's attitude towards other African countries was not so much a modification of strategy as a continuance of Verwoerd's approach. Vorster's forerunner had already become aware of the fact that cordial dealings with as many black states as possible was of paramount importance. As more and more African states acquired statehood from their colonial rulers, bitterness towards the South African apartheid system increased. If South Africa did not wish to become completely cut off from the rest of the African continent, she had to sustain",
"psg_id": "12762768"
},
{
"title": "Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa",
"text": "Conditions of Employment Act, 2001) had been passed and, due to a drafting error, still included the former discriminatory language. The Constitutional Court granted an order applying the reasoning of its earlier ruling to the new act. Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa Satchwell v President of the Republic of South Africa and Another is a 2002 decision of the Constitutional Court of South Africa which determined that the same-sex life partner of a judge was entitled to the same financial benefits available to the opposite-sex spouse of a judge. The case, which challenged the Judges' Remuneration",
"psg_id": "15803142"
},
{
"title": "Deputy President of South Africa",
"text": "Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is constitutionally required to \"assist the President in the execution of the functions of government\", and may be assigned any government portfolio by presidential proclamation. The Deputy President performs the duties of the President of South Africa when the President is outside the country's borders, unable to fulfill the duties of the office, or when the Presidency is vacant. Under the interim constitution (valid from 1994",
"psg_id": "5369756"
},
{
"title": "History of South Africa",
"text": "British rule), and became an official law of segregation when South Africa became a republic (it was an extension of segregationist legislation enacted in 1960). On 27 April 1994, after decades of armed struggle and international opposition to apartheid, during which military and political support was provided primarily by the Soviet Union to the non-racial African National Congress (ANC), the ANC achieved victory in the country's first democratic election in which all races could vote. Since then, the African National Congress has dominated the politics of South Africa, in an uneasy alliance with the South African Communist Party and the",
"psg_id": "750450"
},
{
"title": "Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era",
"text": "1980 by the British Lions and by France, in 1981 by Ireland, and in 1984 by England. In 1986, though a Lions tour was cancelled, South Africans played in all-star matches in Cardiff and in London marking the IRB centenary. South Africa was excluded from the first two Rugby World Cups, in 1987 and 1991. South Africa was suspended from FIFA in 1963. Stanley Rous, FIFA's President, went to negotiate its reinstatement. The South African FA proposed entering an all-white team in the 1966 World Cup and an all-black team in the 1970 World Cup. This proposal was rejected. The",
"psg_id": "12647321"
},
{
"title": "Academic boycott of South Africa",
"text": "\"symbolic gesture of support\" for anti-apartheid efforts rather than a direct influencer of the situation. Additionally, the academic boycott was perceived by the targets of the boycott, South Africa scholars, as unjust and discriminatory. The African National Congress first called for an academic boycott to protest South African apartheid in 1958 in Ghana. The call was repeated the following year in London. In 1965, 496 university professors and lecturers from 34 British universities signed the following declaration in protest against apartheid and violations of academic freedom. They referred to the bans against Jack Simons and Eddie Roux, two well-known progressive",
"psg_id": "8210820"
},
{
"title": "South Africa at the Olympics",
"text": "South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in 1990, the nation re-joined the Olympic movement. The South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee was created in 1991, and South Africa returned to the Games at the 1992 Summer Olympics (and the 1992 Summer",
"psg_id": "9410030"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "were most trying for sports and culture fans. These boycotts effectively egged on little changes to apartheid policy, and corroded white South Africans' dedication to it. Numerous conferences were held and the United Nations passed resolutions condemning South Africa, including the World Conference Against Racism in 1978 and 1983. A significant divestment movement started, pressuring investors to refuse to invest in South African companies or companies that did business with South Africa. South African sports teams were barred from participation in international events, and South African culture and tourism were boycotted. Countries such as Zambia, Tanzania and the Soviet Union",
"psg_id": "12762792"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "countries facing allegations of human rights and foreign intervention, such as Israel, Taiwan, Indonesia, Morocco, and Chile, until apartheid was ended and racial equality introduced in the early 1990s. In the after-effects of World War II, the Western world quickly switched from ideas of racial dominance and policies based on racial prejudice. Racially discriminative and segregationist principles were not novelties in South Africa. From unification in 1910, the state had been run by the white minority and pursued segregation. Apartheid was a certified, lawful and inflexible type of separation that was methodically entrenched from 1948 through a battery of legislation.",
"psg_id": "12762744"
},
{
"title": "1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America",
"text": "South Africans from visiting Argentina in protest at the South African government's apartheid policies and the internationals were re-arranged for Uruguay and Chile. The South American side was composed entirely of Argentine players. South Africa's touring party included Errol Tobias, the first non-white player to represent the Springboks. 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America The 1980 South Africa rugby union tour of South America was a series of six matches played by the South Africa national rugby union team (the Springboks) in Paraguay, Uruguay and Chile in October 1980. The South Africa team won all six of",
"psg_id": "17096649"
},
{
"title": "Politics of South Africa",
"text": "Politics of South Africa The Republic of South Africa is a parliamentary representative democratic republic. The President of South Africa serves both as head of state and as head of government. The President is elected by the National Assembly (the lower house of the South African Parliament) and must retain the confidence of the Assembly in order to remain in office. South Africans also elect provincial legislatures which govern each of the country's nine provinces. Since the end of apartheid in 1994 the African National Congress (ANC) has dominated South Africa's politics. The ANC is the ruling party in the",
"psg_id": "363399"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of South Africa during apartheid",
"text": "as the policy caused much intercontinental abrasion over human-rights violation. In April 1960, the Security Council of the UN settled for the first time on concerted action against the apartheid regime, demanding that the NP bring an end to racial separation and discrimination; but, instead, the South African administration merely employed further suppressive instruments. The ANC and PAC were forbidden from continued existence, and political assemblies were prohibited. From then on, the UN placed the South African issue high on its list of priorities. In 1961, UN Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld stopped over in South Africa and subsequently stated that he",
"psg_id": "12762755"
},
{
"title": "South Africa at the Olympics",
"text": "Paralympics). South Africa also participated in the Winter Olympic Games in 1960, and since 1994. South African athletes have won a total of 86 medals, with athletics, boxing, and swimming as the top medal-producing sports. South Africa at the Olympics South Africa first participated at the Olympic Games in 1904, and sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games until 1960. After the passage of United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1761 in 1962 in response to South Africa's policy of apartheid, the nation was barred from the Games. After the negotiations to end apartheid in South Africa commenced in",
"psg_id": "9410031"
},
{
"title": "1990 in South Africa",
"text": "traveled to England to thank the people for their support in the campaign to free him. South Africa withdrew its troops from Namibia, which was granted independence. 1990 also saw marches in support and against the formation of a new post-Apartheid South Africa. 1990 in South Africa 1990 in South Africa saw the official start of the process of ending Apartheid. President of South Africa, F.W. de Klerk announced plans to end apartheid. President De Klerk unbanned organisations that were banned by the government including the African National Congress, the South African Communist Party and the Pan Africanist Congress. The",
"psg_id": "4667698"
},
{
"title": "Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa",
"text": "made comments pursuant to Contralesa's attempt. Contralesa and Holomisa's comments were criticized by the Democratic Alliance and constitutional law scholar Pierre de Vos. Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa The Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA) is a South African non-governmental pressure group which was formed in 1987 by some of the traditional leaders of the homeland of KwaNdebele, with the support of the United Democratic Front and the African National Congress. Contralesa helped to form the anti-apartheid front in the homelands, and continues to advocate greater rights for traditional leaders in the country in the post-apartheid",
"psg_id": "16502653"
},
{
"title": "Freedom Day (South Africa)",
"text": "Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South Africans had no voting rights whatsoever. It is part of the twelve public holidays determined by the Public",
"psg_id": "4962614"
},
{
"title": "Freedom Day (South Africa)",
"text": "beat as one, as we renew our common loyalty to our country and our commitment to its future. Freedom Day (South Africa) Freedom Day is a public holiday in South Africa celebrated on 27 April. It celebrates freedom and commemorates the first post-apartheid elections held on that day in 1994. The elections were the first non-racial national elections where everyone of voting age of over 18 from any race group, including foreign citizens permanently resident in South Africa, were allowed to vote. Previously, under the apartheid regime, non-whites in general had only limited rights to vote while indigenous black South",
"psg_id": "4962616"
},
{
"title": "Music in the movement against apartheid",
"text": "examples of music in the movement against apartheid. Music in the movement against apartheid The apartheid regime in South Africa began in 1948 and lasted until 1994. It involved a harsh system of racial segregation, and placed all political power in the hands of a white minority. Opposition to apartheid manifested in a variety of ways, including boycotts, non-violent protests, and armed resistance. Music played a large role in the movement against apartheid within South Africa, as well as in international opposition to apartheid. The impacts of songs opposing apartheid included raising awareness, generating support for the movement against apartheid,",
"psg_id": "19994302"
},
{
"title": "Constitution of South Africa",
"text": "were replaced by an executive State President. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 or Interim Constitution was introduced at the end of apartheid to govern the period of transition. It introduced universal adult suffrage, constitutional supremacy and a bill of rights. Constitution of South Africa The Constitution of South Africa is the supreme law of the Republic of South Africa. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the republic, sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of the government. The current constitution, the country's fifth, was drawn up by",
"psg_id": "2558828"
},
{
"title": "Deputy President of South Africa",
"text": "excluding the President' by the National Assembly, or a newly elected President's assumption of office. Presumably, a statement of resignation would also be sufficient to end a Deputy President's term of office. Depending on the extent of any informal roles and functions of the Deputy President depend on the specific relationship between the president and deputy president, but often the roles include tasks like: <br> Deputy President of South Africa The Deputy President of South Africa is the deputy head of government of South Africa. They are a member of the National Assembly and the Cabinet. The Deputy President is",
"psg_id": "5369759"
}
] | [
"long walk to freedom",
"long walk to freedom",
"long walk to freedom (book)"
] |
general boris gromov was the last soviet soldier to leave where in 1989? | [
{
"title": "Boris Gromov",
"text": "Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow, as well as the General Staff Academy. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan, Gromov did three tours of duty (1980–1982, 1985–1986, 1987–1989), and was best known for the two years as the last Commander of the 40th Army in Afghanistan. Gromov was the last Soviet soldier",
"psg_id": "6615514"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Boris Gromov",
"text": "Russian Federation. In 1994 Gromov retired from the Russian Armed Forces, and was soon appointed deputy Interior Minister. He was elected in 1995 to the State Duma, lower house of the Russian parliament. In January 2000 he was elected governor of the Moscow region and re-elected in December 2003. Boris Gromov Boris Vsevolodovich Gromov (; born 7 November 1943 in Saratov, Russia) is a prominent Russian military and political figure. From 2000 to 2012, he was the Governor of Moscow Oblast. He graduated from a Suvorov military cadet school, the Leningrad Military Commanders School and later from the Frunze Military",
"psg_id": "6615516"
},
{
"title": "Feliks Gromov",
"text": "cruisers \"Senyavin\" and the \"Dmitry Pozharsky\". In 1977 Gromov became commander of a squadron of surface ships in the Baltic Fleet and was transferred to the Soviet Northern Fleet in 1982. In 1984 he became deputy commander of the Soviet Northern Fleet and was promoted to its commander in 1988. In 1992 Gromov was given command of the Russian Navy following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. He was promoted to Admiral of the Fleet by Boris Yeltsin in 1996 and retired in 1997 at age 60, the mandated retirement age for Admirals and Fleet Admirals. The Jamestown Foundation speculated",
"psg_id": "7408770"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov",
"text": "mother, who worked as a medical doctor in the Soviet Army, had to leave the front line in order to give birth to him. When Gromov was nine years old, his mother gave him the book \"The Enjoyment of Mathematics\" by Hans Rademacher and Otto Toeplitz, a book that piqued his curiosity and had a great influence on him. Gromov studied mathematics at Leningrad State University where he obtained a master's degree in 1965, a Doctorate in 1969 and defended his Postdoctoral Thesis in 1973. His thesis advisor was Vladimir Rokhlin. Gromov married in 1967. In 1970, invited to give",
"psg_id": "3370077"
},
{
"title": "1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign",
"text": "1991 Boris Yeltsin presidential campaign The 1991 presidential campaign of Boris Yeltsin, was the successful campaign by then-Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of Russia in Russia's first presidential election. Yeltsin ran as an independent candidate. His running mate was People's Deputy and former soldier Alexander Rutskoy. Receiving more than 50% of the vote in the first round of the election, the Yeltsin-Rutskoy ticket won the election with an overwhelming margin over their closest competitors, the Ryzhkov-Gromov ticket. Thus Boris Yeltsin and Alexander Rutskoy were elected 1st President of Russia and 1st Vice President of Russia respectively. On March 17, 1991,",
"psg_id": "20776617"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov",
"text": "Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov has won several prizes, including the Abel Prize in 2009 \"for his revolutionary contributions to geometry\". Mikhail Gromov was born on 23 December 1943 in Boksitogorsk, Soviet Union. His father Leonid Gromov and his Jewish mother Lea Rabinovitz were pathologists. Gromov was born during World War II, and his",
"psg_id": "3370076"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Gromov (military)",
"text": "institute in 1991 to celebrate 50th anniversary of the institute. In late 1940th initiated the establishment of the Fedotov Test Pilot School. The Gromov Medal was established in March 2011 by the Gromov Flight Research Institute as a highest corporate award in memory of the founder of the institute. Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started",
"psg_id": "4231858"
},
{
"title": "1989 Sino-Soviet Summit",
"text": "1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, proclaimed that the summit was the beginning of normalized state-to-state relations. The meeting between Mikhail Gorbachev and then General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC),",
"psg_id": "20669023"
},
{
"title": "Alexey Gromov",
"text": "sons, Alexey and Danila. Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he",
"psg_id": "14460536"
},
{
"title": "Alexey Gromov",
"text": "Alexey Gromov Alexey Alexeyevich Gromov (; born 31 May 1960) is a Russian politician. He is First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia. Gromov was born in 1960 in Zagorsk, Moscow Oblast, Soviet Union. He studied history at Moscow State University, specialising in Southern and Western Slavs and received his degree in history in 1982. For many years after his graduation, he worked for the Soviet and then the Russian government in their respective Ministries of Foreign Affairs. He served the governments with appointments in Czechoslovakia, Russia, and Slovakia. Since 1996, he has worked directly for",
"psg_id": "14460534"
},
{
"title": "I, a Russian soldier",
"text": "Russian soldier Jew finally said on German. German general ordered his soldiers to salute the last Soviet defender of the fortress. I, a Russian soldier I, a Russian soldier (, translit. Ya — Russkiy soldat) is Russian film about the famous episode of the Eastern Front — the Defense of Brest Fortress, based on the novel by Boris Vasilyev \"His Name is Not in the List\". The film begins on June 21, 1941, one day before the German invasion. Lieutenant Nikolay Pluzhnikov, a former cadet in the border guards school, is posted at the border in Brest. Nikolay and his",
"psg_id": "19220652"
},
{
"title": "1989 Sino-Soviet Summit",
"text": "though Gorbachev did not say it directly during the Summit or afterward, he sympathized with the protestors as they were pushing for the political changes that Gorbachev had implemented in the Soviet Union. 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit The four-day Sino-Soviet Summit was held in Beijing from May 15–18, 1989. This would be the first formal meeting between the Soviet Communist leader and the Chinese Communist leader since the Sino-Soviet split in the 1950s. The last Soviet leader to visit China was Nikita Khrushchev in September 1959. Both Deng Xiaoping, the paramount leader of China, and Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the",
"psg_id": "20669033"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Gromov (military)",
"text": "Mikhail Gromov (military) Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gromov (; 23 February 1899 – 22 January 1985) was a Russian and Soviet military aviator, test pilot and researcher, Hero of the Soviet Union. Upon graduation from the Moscow Central Aviation School in 1918 serves as a flight instructor and military pilot. Since 1925 started working as a test pilot testing the aeroplanes designed by Andrei Tupolev and Nikolai Polikarpov. Later became chief-pilot of the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute. On 25 April 1927 made the first Soviet parachute jump out of a Polikarpov I-1 under testing that had entered an unrecoverable spin. In June-September 1925",
"psg_id": "4231856"
},
{
"title": "Soviet Census (1989)",
"text": "Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \"1989 All-Union Census\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population to be 286,730,819 inhabitants. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States (with 248,709,873 inhabitants according to the 1 April 1990 census), although it was well behind China and India. In 1989, about half of the Soviet Union's total population lived in the Russian SFSR, and approximately one-sixth (18%) of them in Ukraine. Almost two-thirds",
"psg_id": "10007131"
},
{
"title": "Boris Snetkov",
"text": "Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II as a self-propelled artillery officer and during the Cold War rose to command positions. He commanded the 1st Guards Tank Army and served as first deputy commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany during the 1970s. Snetkov led the Siberian Military District and the Leningrad Military District in the 1980s and in 1987 became commander of the Group of Soviet Forces in Germany (GSFG), which in 1989 became the",
"psg_id": "20130817"
},
{
"title": "Boris Kosarev",
"text": "1989. Boris’s son, Aleksander Kosarev (1944–2013), took over Boris’s creative route and became Russian film director, Honored Art Worker of Russia, screenwriter and actor, poet. Photo works \"Snowing\", \"Before the Storm\" and \"The first space flight\" were internationally awarded with medals and prizes Solo exhibitions: Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was",
"psg_id": "18926654"
},
{
"title": "1989 Soviet Union legislative election",
"text": "1989 Soviet Union legislative election In 1989, elections were held for the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. The main elections were held on 26 March and a second round on 9 April. They were the first relatively free nationwide elections held in the Soviet Union, and would prove to be the final national elections held as the country ceased to exist in 1991. The elections were followed by regional elections in 1990, the last legislative elections to take place in the country. In January 1987, Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union",
"psg_id": "14793134"
},
{
"title": "Boris Gulko",
"text": "Boris Gulko Boris Franzevich Gulko (; born February 9, 1947) is a Soviet-American International Grandmaster in chess. His peak Elo rating was 2644 in 2000. Gulko is noted to be the only person to win both the Soviet Chess Championship and the U.S. Chess Championship, and for having a positive score against Garry Kasparov. Boris Gulko was born in 1947 to a Jewish family. His father was a soldier of the Red Army and was stationed in East Germany. His family returned to the Soviet Union after a few years. Gulko became an International Master in 1975, and a Grandmaster",
"psg_id": "4292252"
},
{
"title": "Soviet Census (1989)",
"text": "significant slowdown may in part be due to the remarkable socio-economic changes that followed the disintegration of the USSR, that have tended to reduce even more the already decreasing birth rates (which were already showing some signs of decline since the Soviet era, in particular among the people living in the European part of the Soviet Union). The next census was possibly planned for 1999. Soviet Census (1989) The 1989 Soviet census (, \"1989 All-Union Census\"), conducted between 12-19 January of that year, was the last one that took place in the former USSR. The census found the total population",
"psg_id": "10007134"
},
{
"title": "A Word to the People",
"text": "A Word to the People \"A Word to the People\" (Russian: «Слово к народу») was an open letter signed by twelve Soviet public figures. The declaration was published in \"Sovetskaya Rossiya\" (a newspaper that expressed anti-perestroika views) on 23 July 1991. The signers included writers Yuri Bondarev, Valentin Rasputin and Alexander Prokhanov, singer Lyudmila Zykina, war generals Valentin Varennikov and Boris Gromov, sculptor Vyacheslav Klykov, scientist and politicians Gennady Zyuganov, Vasily Starodubtsev, and . The authors of the writing appealed to the citizens of the country, severely criticizing the policies of Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, and they pleaded to",
"psg_id": "13371582"
},
{
"title": "Boris Kosarev",
"text": "Boris Kosarev Boris Maximovich Kosarev (; 1911–1989) was a Soviet photographer, journalist, in 1930 - 1950 he was an official photographer of the Soviet government, who participated at key historical events, including the Yalta Conference of 1945. Boris Kosarev is the author of many famous photographs of political events and Soviet leaders. Boris Kosarev was born on 29 October 1911, in a small town of Odoyev, Tula Governorate. When Boris turned 14, his father gave him a camera as a present. He printed photographic plates, learned to work with photographic chemicals, learned how to print photographs. 1927-1929 he worked as",
"psg_id": "18926649"
},
{
"title": "Gromov product",
"text": "\"p\" and let formula_8 and formula_9 be two distinct points at infinity. Then the limit exists and is finite, and therefore can be considered as a generalized Gromov product. It is actually given by the formula where formula_12 is the angle between the geodesic rays formula_13 and formula_14. The Gromov product can be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic spaces in the sense of Gromov.: (\"X\", \"d\") is said to be \"δ\"-hyperbolic if, for all \"p\", \"x\", \"y\" and \"z\" in \"X\", In this case. Gromov product measures how long geodesics remain close together. Namely, if \"x\", \"y\" and \"z\" are three",
"psg_id": "10800869"
},
{
"title": "1989 Soviet Cup Final",
"text": "was during the last season when in the semifinals Torpedo once again defeated Dnipro in overtime playing at home. 1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The",
"psg_id": "14752275"
},
{
"title": "1989 Soviet Cup Final",
"text": "1989 Soviet Cup Final The 1989 Soviet Cup Final was a football match that took place at the Lenin's Central Stadium, Moscow on June 25, 1989. The match was the 48th Soviet Cup Final and it was contested by FC Dnipro Dnipropetrovsk and FC Torpedo Moscow. The Soviet Cup winner Dnipro qualified for the Champions Cup for winning the champion's title, while the finalist Torpedo was allowed to compete at the Cup Winners' Cup first round for the Soviet Union. The last year defending champions Metalist Kharkiv were eliminated in the second round of the competition by FC Torpedo Moscow",
"psg_id": "14752273"
},
{
"title": "Boris Meissner",
"text": "Boris Meissner Boris Meissner (August 10, 1915 Pskov - September 10, 2003 Cologne) was a German lawyer and social scientist, specializing in international law and Eastern European history and politics. Meissner was the son of Artur Meissner, a judge of Baltic German extraction, and spent his childhood in Pärnu, Estonia. He attended Tartu University, where he received a first degree in Economics (Diplom rer. oec.) in 1935. He then studied Law in Tartu until he had to leave Estonia following the Soviet occupation in 1940. He was able to continue his studies at Posen University, where he also worked as",
"psg_id": "9587308"
},
{
"title": "Feliks Gromov",
"text": "that Gromov was dismissed because of a Russian Pacific Fleet ammunition explosion which seems to have attracted wide attention. Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962",
"psg_id": "7408771"
},
{
"title": "Boris Pavlovich Belousov",
"text": "Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of World War I, Belousov tried to join the army, but was denied for health reasons. He took up",
"psg_id": "2180383"
},
{
"title": "Boris Pavlovich Belousov",
"text": "and Zhabotinsky. Belousov was posthumously awarded the Lenin Prize in 1980 for his work on the BZ reaction. Boris Pavlovich Belousov Boris Pavlovich Belousov (; 19 February 1893 – 12 June 1970) was a Soviet chemist / biophysicist who discovered the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction (BZ reaction) in the early 1950s. His work initiated the field of modern nonlinear chemical dynamics. The Belousov family had strong anti-Tsarist sympathies and, after the Russian Revolution of 1905, they were arrested and later forced to leave the country. They settled in Switzerland, where Boris studied chemistry in Zürich. Returning to Russia at the beginning of",
"psg_id": "2180386"
},
{
"title": "Maxim Gromov",
"text": "Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the political party The Other Russia. He is also the leader of the human rights organization Prisoners' Union. In 2000 Gromov sewed his lips shut in protest over censorship in Russia. On 14 September 2003 Gromov was part of a group of 16 national-bolsheviks who occupied a train in Lithuania. Gromov was detained and stayed under arrest for 40 days. On 3 December 2003 Gromov was part",
"psg_id": "17589082"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov",
"text": "of convex integration and the h-principle, a very general way to solve underdetermined partial differential equations and the basis for a geometric theory of these equations. In the 1980s, Gromov introduced the Gromov–Hausdorff metric, a measure of the difference between two compact metric spaces. In this context he proved Gromov's compactness theorem, stating that the set of compact Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \"c\" and diameter ≤ \"D\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The possible limit points of sequences of such manifolds are Alexandrov spaces of curvature ≥ \"c\", a class of metric spaces studied in detail",
"psg_id": "3370080"
},
{
"title": "Gromov norm",
"text": "Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \"n\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \"n\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.",
"psg_id": "10224986"
},
{
"title": "Gromov norm",
"text": "Gromov norm In mathematics, the Gromov norm (or simplicial volume) of a compact oriented \"n\"-manifold is a norm on the homology (with real coefficients) given by minimizing the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients over all singular chains representing a cycle. The Gromov norm of the manifold is the Gromov norm of the fundamental class. It is named after Mikhail Gromov, who with William Thurston, proved that the Gromov norm of a finite volume hyperbolic \"n\"-manifold is proportional to the hyperbolic volume. Thurston also used the Gromov norm to prove that hyperbolic volume decreases under hyperbolic Dehn surgery.",
"psg_id": "10224985"
},
{
"title": "Gromov product",
"text": "Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\"X\", \"d\") be a metric space and let \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ∈ \"X\". Then the Gromov product of \"y\" and \"z\" at \"x\", denoted (\"y\", \"z\"), is defined by Given three points \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" in the metric space \"X\", by the triangle inequality there exist non-negative numbers \"a\", \"b\", \"c\" such that formula_2. Then the Gromov products are formula_3.",
"psg_id": "10800867"
},
{
"title": "Maxim Gromov",
"text": "In 2008 Gromov cofounded the non-governmental organization Prisoners' Union. Since 2009 Gromov has taken part in the actions of Strategy-31, a series of civic protests in support of the right to peaceful assembly in Russia. On 31 July 2011 he was arrested during the action, during which he was beaten by police and hospitalized. In 2011 Gromov initiated the art project \"Children of prisoners of conscience\". Maxim Gromov Maxim Alexandrovich Gromov (; born 1973) is a Russian political dissident, human rights activist, former political prisoner, publicist, member of National Bolshevik Party since 1999 and one of the leaders of the",
"psg_id": "17589084"
},
{
"title": "Gromov product",
"text": "points of a \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric space then the initial segments of length (\"y\", \"z\") of geodesics from \"x\" to \"y\" and \"x\" to \"z\" are no further than 2\"δ\" apart (in the sense of the Hausdorff distance between closed sets). Gromov product In mathematics, the Gromov product is a concept in the theory of metric spaces named after the mathematician Mikhail Gromov. The Gromov product can also be used to define \"δ\"-hyperbolic metric spaces in the sense of Gromov. Let (\"X\", \"d\") be a metric space and let \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" ∈ \"X\". Then the Gromov product of \"y\" and",
"psg_id": "10800870"
},
{
"title": "Feliks Gromov",
"text": "Feliks Gromov Fleet Admiral Feliks Nikolayevich Gromov (; born August 29, 1937, Vladivostok) is a former Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Navy. Gromov is married and has a daughter and a son. Gromov was born in Vladivostok and joined the navy in 1955. He completed the S.O. Makarov Pacific Higher Naval School in 1959. He served as an officer on a destroyer and in 1961 served in the strategic rocket forces on an exchange programme. Gromov returned to the navy in 1962 and served on the Sverdlov class cruiser \"Admiral Senyavin\" and the Kotlin class destroyer \"Vdokhnovennyy\". He subsequently commanded the",
"psg_id": "7408769"
},
{
"title": "Boris Mikhailovich Belousov",
"text": "during the Gorbachev era. He was appointed to the post in July 1989 in the cabinet led by Prime Minister Nikolai I. Ryzhkov. Boris Mikhailovich Belousov Boris Mikhailovich Belousov (born 1934) is a Soviet politician who held different cabinet posts, including Minister of Defense Industry. Belousov was born in 1934. He received a degree in electronic engineering from the Taganrog Radio Technical Institute. Belousov was a member of the Communist Party. He worked in Izhevsk in the field of general machine-building. He served as the department head at the Udmur CPSU Obkom and director of the Izhevsk mechanical plant. His",
"psg_id": "17798348"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov",
"text": "field of symplectic topology by introducing the theory of pseudoholomorphic curves. This led to Gromov–Witten invariants which are used in string theory and to his non-squeezing theorem. Gromov is also interested in mathematical biology, the structure of the brain and the thinking process, and the way scientific ideas evolve. Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov (also Mikhael Gromov, Michael Gromov or Mischa Gromov; ; born 23 December 1943), is an American-French-Russian mathematician known for work in geometry, analysis and group theory. He is a permanent member of IHÉS in France and a Professor of Mathematics at New York University. Gromov",
"psg_id": "3370082"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Hausdorff convergence",
"text": "model in Cosmology. This model of cosmology is not stable with respect to smooth variations of the metric. In a special case, the concept of Gromov–Hausdorff limits is closely related to Large deviations theory. Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \"X\" and",
"psg_id": "2685828"
},
{
"title": "Boris Kabishev",
"text": "Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and Military Academy of the General Staff. After graduation from the Military Academy of the General Staff, Kabishev led the 3rd",
"psg_id": "19518442"
},
{
"title": "Gromov boundary",
"text": "Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding to positive and negative infinity. There are several equivalent definitions of the Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper δ-hyperbolic space. One of the most common uses equivalence classes of geodesic rays. Pick some point formula_1 of a hyperbolic metric space formula_2 to be the origin. A geodesic ray",
"psg_id": "17687350"
},
{
"title": "Boris Mozhayev",
"text": "Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \"Zhivoy\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \"Peasant Men and Women\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported by Alexander Tvardovsky and admired by Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Mozhayev experienced serious difficulties with publishing his harshly realistic, tinged with bitter humour Village prose, dealing with trials and tribulations of the Soviet peasantry in the years of collectivisation and beyond. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev was born",
"psg_id": "17513286"
},
{
"title": "Boris Nikolsky",
"text": "ions (see Nikolsky-Eisenman equation and Nikolsky-Shultz-Eisenman thermodynamic ion-exchange theory of GE) and so on. Boris Nikolsky also actively participated in the Soviet nuclear program. In 1952-1974 he was the senior scientist and the chairman of scientific committee at the Soviet nuclear fuel reprocessing plant Mayak, where he worked on the technology of processing and refining of plutonium. In 1961-1963 he was the chairman of the chemistry department at Leningrad State University. General publications on the glass electrode theory Boris Nikolsky was a co-author of the monumental textbook on physical chemistry and an editor-in-chief of the most comprehensive multivolume handbook of",
"psg_id": "4597062"
},
{
"title": "Boris Nikonorov",
"text": "Soviet junior title and was included to the national team. He retired in 1966 with an estimated record of 250 wins out of 265 bouts. During his career he won the Soviet championships in the featherweight (1959–60) and lightweight divisions (1962–63, 1965–66). In retirement he coached boxers in his club Trudovye Rezervy, and was also involved with the Bulgarian (1970–74) and Soviet (1989) national teams. His trainees included 1972 Olympic medalists Georgi Kostadinov and Angel Angelov. Boris Nikonorov Boris Nikolayevich Nikonorov (, 25 January 1939 – 30 August 2015) was a Russian amateur boxer who won a silver medal in",
"psg_id": "19420744"
},
{
"title": "Gromov boundary",
"text": "conjecture concerns the classification of groups with a 2-sphere at infinity: Cannon's conjecture: Every Gromov hyperbolic group with a 2-sphere at infinity acts geometrically on hyperbolic 3-space. The analog to this conjecture is known to be true for 1-spheres and false for spheres of all dimension greater than 2. Gromov boundary In mathematics, the Gromov boundary of a δ-hyperbolic space (especially a hyperbolic group) is an abstract concept generalizing the boundary sphere of hyperbolic space. Conceptually, the Gromov boundary is the set of all points at infinity. For instance, the Gromov boundary of the real line is two points, corresponding",
"psg_id": "17687356"
},
{
"title": "Boris at Last: Feedbacker",
"text": "Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \"Feedbacker\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500 which was released by Diwphalanx Records. This DVD was originally an unofficial recording of the band performing the entirety of \"Feedbacker\" live in New York and entitled \"Bootleg -Feedbacker-\". The official DVD release depicts a different member of the band lying in a pool of blood similar to the album cover. The album incorporates many different rock elements and because of it has become a",
"psg_id": "8958152"
},
{
"title": "Boris at Last: Feedbacker",
"text": "song that the band frequently revisits on tour. On 13 September 2009, as a special set for the Flaming Lips-curated day of All Tomorrow's Parties New York 2009 in Monticello, Boris performed the album in its entirety. They performed the album again at the Pavement curated ATP at Minehead Butlin's on 15 May 2010. Note: Some versions contain the same song split into 5 movements. Boris at Last: Feedbacker Boris at Last -Feedbacker- (or simply called \"Feedbacker\") is the sixth album by the Japanese experimental music band Boris. There is an official DVD released on 2005 and limited to 500",
"psg_id": "8958153"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Hausdorff convergence",
"text": "Gromov–Hausdorff convergence In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered and generalized by Mikhail Gromov in 1981. This distance measures how far two compact metric spaces are from being isometric. If \"X\" and \"Y\" are two compact metric spaces, then \"d\" (\"X\", \"Y\") is defined to be the infimum of all numbers \"d\"(\"f\"(\"X\"), \"g\"(\"Y\")) for all metric spaces \"M\" and all isometric embeddings \"f\": \"X\"→\"M\" and \"g\":",
"psg_id": "2685823"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov",
"text": "by Burago, Gromov and Perelman in 1992. Gromov was also the first to study the space of all possible Riemannian structures on a given manifold. Gromov introduced geometric group theory, the study of infinite groups via the geometry of their Cayley graphs and their word metric. In 1981 he proved Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth: a finitely generated group has polynomial growth (a geometric property) if and only if it is virtually nilpotent (an algebraic property). The proof uses the Gromov–Hausdorff metric mentioned above. Along with Eliyahu Rips he introduced the notion of hyperbolic groups. Gromov founded the",
"psg_id": "3370081"
},
{
"title": "General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union",
"text": "that Gorbachev still retained his role as leader of the Soviet Union. Following the failed August coup of 1991, Gorbachev resigned as General Secretary. He was succeeded by his deputy, Vladimir Ivashko, who only served for five days as Acting General Secretary before Boris Yeltsin, the President of Russia, suspended all activity in the Communist Party. Following the party's ban, the Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union (UCP–CPSU) was established by Oleg Shenin in 1993. The UCP–CPSU works as a framework for reviving and restoring the CPSU. The organisation has members in all the former",
"psg_id": "2271587"
},
{
"title": "1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6",
"text": "last season Bukovyna, Volyn also failed to earn promotion to the First League as it lost the inter-zonal playoffs. The following were the top ten goalscorers. 1989 Soviet Second League, Zone 6 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was the 59th season of association football competition of the Ukrainian SSR, which was part of the Soviet Second League. The Soviet Second League was split after the season and all national (republican) competitions were placed at the lower league (4th division), while the upper league (3rd division) was transformed into a buffer league. The 1989 Football Championship of Ukrainian SSR was",
"psg_id": "18674745"
},
{
"title": "The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky",
"text": "The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with high building density. This area was actively built up by merchants' shop buildings and residential houses",
"psg_id": "20804430"
},
{
"title": "The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky",
"text": "building\". The size of the plaque is 50x50 cm. She signature is covered with bronze paint. The House where the Soviet Power was Proclaimed, Kamensk-Uralsky The house where the Soviet Power was proclaimed - is a mansion in the historical center of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast. The building was granted the status of regional significance on the 28th of December 2001 (the Sverdlovsk Oblast Government Decree № 859). The object number of cultural heritage of regional significance is 661710974820005. A one-storey brick building bases on a low quarried stone foundationon. It is located in the historical part of the town with",
"psg_id": "20804433"
},
{
"title": "The New Leave It to Beaver",
"text": "The New Leave It to Beaver The New Leave It to Beaver (also known as Still the Beaver) is an American sitcom sequel to the original 1957–1963 sitcom \"Leave It to Beaver\". The series began with the 1983 reunion television movie \"Still the Beaver\" that aired on CBS in March 1983. The success of the television movie prompted the creation of a revival series, also titled \"Still the Beaver\", that aired on the Disney Channel from 1984 to 1985. In 1986, the series was picked up by TBS where it aired until June 1989. \"The New Leave It to Beaver\"",
"psg_id": "6719236"
},
{
"title": "Soviet–Afghan War",
"text": "the Soviets had negotiated ceasefires with local mujahideen commanders, so the withdrawal was generally executed peacefully, except for the operation \"Typhoon\". General Yazov, the Defense Minister of Soviet Union, ordered the 40th Army to violate the agreement with Ahmed Shah Masood, who commanded a large force in the Panjshir Valley, and attack his relaxed and exposed forces. The Soviet attack was initiated to protect Najibullah, who did not have a cease fire in effect with Masood, and who rightly feared an offensive by Masood's forces after the Soviet withdrawal. General Gromov, the 40th Army Commander, objected to the operation, but",
"psg_id": "844658"
},
{
"title": "Where Were You Last Night (song)",
"text": "Where Were You Last Night (song) \"Where Were You Last Night\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \"Where Were You Last Night\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \"Trackslistan\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\" (aka \"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog number PSDR-1010, and cassette tape catalog number PSSR-1010. This was a",
"psg_id": "10498110"
},
{
"title": "Where Were You Last Night (song)",
"text": "cover originally sung by Ankie Bagger. Japanese lyrics by Neko OIKAWA. Where Were You Last Night (song) \"Where Were You Last Night\" is a 1989 single and song performed by Swedish singer Ankie Bagger from the 1989 album \"Where Were You Last Night\". The song was written by Norell Oson Bard. The song entered Swedish \"Trackslistan\" on 11 November 1989 and stayed on the chart for 6 weeks peaking at #4. \"夜にはぐれて (Where Were You Last Night)\" (aka \"Yoru ni Hagurete (Where Were You Last Night)\") was Wink's eighth single. It was released in July 1990 with a CD catalog",
"psg_id": "10498111"
},
{
"title": "Gromov product",
"text": "In the case that the points \"x\", \"y\", \"z\" are the outer nodes of a tripod then these Gromov products are the lengths of the edges. In the hyperbolic, spherical or euclidean plane, the Gromov product (\"A\", \"B\") equals the distance \"p\" between \"C\" and the point where the incircle of the geodesic triangle \"ABC\" touches the edge \"CB\" or \"CA\". Indeed from the diagram , so that . Thus for any metric space, a geometric interpretation of (\"A\", \"B\") is obtained by isometrically embedding (A, B, C) into the euclidean plane. Consider hyperbolic space H. Fix a base point",
"psg_id": "10800868"
},
{
"title": "Gromov boundary",
"text": "makes the Gromov boundary into a compact metrizable space. The number of ends of a hyperbolic group is the number of components of the Gromov boundary. The Gromov boundary has several important properties. One of the most frequently used properties in group theory is the following: if a group formula_30 acts geometrically on a δ-hyperbolic space, then formula_30 is hyperbolic group and formula_30 and formula_2 have homeomorphic Gromov boundaries. One of the most important properties is that it is a quasi-isometry invariant; that is, if two hyperbolic metric spaces are quasi-isometric, then the quasi-isometry between them gives a homeomorphism between",
"psg_id": "17687353"
},
{
"title": "Alexey Gromov",
"text": "the president, first in the Press Office, then as Press Attache, and, since 2008, as Deputy Chief of Staff. March 20th 2014, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) published that Gromov and 19 other men have been added to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN). On 12 May 2014, Gromov was added to the European Union sanctions list due to his role in the 2014 Crimean crisis. He is barred from entering the EU countries, and his assets in the EU have to be frozen. Gromov speaks fluent Czech, Slovak and English. He is married and they have two",
"psg_id": "14460535"
},
{
"title": "Boris Kosarev",
"text": "a press operator on \"Electrosvet\" factory, at the same time he attended photo courses at the Society of Friends of the Soviet cinema. Boris offered his photographs to popular newspapers and magazines, the first works were published in the newspaper \"Vechernyaya Moskva\". In 1929 famous Soviet writer Maxim Gorky invited Boris to work for his magazine \"Our achievements\", where Boris worked as photojournalist for couple of years. In 1929-1932 - pictures were published in the Soviet magazines \"RABIS\", \"Cinema and the life.\" 1932–1933 years – official photographer of Pribalhashstroy Construction, photographer of \"Soyuzfoto\" Agency. On his return to Moscow Boris",
"psg_id": "18926650"
},
{
"title": "Boris Kabishev",
"text": "1986 and 1991. He lived in Moscow and died on 5 December 1998. Kabishev was buried in the Troyekurovskoye Cemetery. Boris Kabishev Boris Dmitrievich Kabishev (Russian: Борис Дмитриевич Кабишев; 17 October 1922-5 December 1998) was a Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) Lieutenant general and Hero of the Soviet Union. Kabishev flew the Ilyushin Il-2 in combat from July 1943, making 112 sorties and shooting down an enemy aircraft. For these actions he received the title Hero of the Soviet Union. After the war Kabishev held command positions in the Soviet Air Force and graduated from the Air Force Academy and",
"psg_id": "19518450"
},
{
"title": "Boris Levit-Broun",
"text": "Boris Levit-Broun Boris Levit-Broun - Russian poet, writer, artist, was born on July 9, 1950 in Kiev. Parents: Mother – Mira Raiz, a classical pianist and teacher, she has been living in Germany since 1989 and still gives concerts. Father - Leonid Levit-Broun, a master of chamber photo portrait, photographer and artist, he was widely known in the 70–90 years in Ukraine and Russia. Being brought up in a family of soviet Jewish intellectuals in an atmosphere saturated with cultural and artistic interests (music, literature, painting) determined the early propensity of Boris Levit-Broun to the humanitarian sphere. In 1967, Boris",
"psg_id": "17571550"
},
{
"title": "Soviet espionage in the United States",
"text": "advocacy of pro-Soviet policy and to enlarge the pool of potential recruits for espionage work. The illegal residency of NKVD in the US was established in 1934 by the former Berlin resident Boris Bazarov. In 1935, NKVD agent Iskhak Akhmerov entered the US with false identity papers to assist Bazarov in the collection of useful intelligence, and operated without interruption until 1939, when he left the US. Akhmerov's wife, an American who worked for Soviet intelligence, was Helen Lowry (Elza Akhmerova), the niece of CPUSA General Secretary Earl Browder. Recent information from Soviet archives has revealed that Browder's younger sister",
"psg_id": "5182712"
},
{
"title": "Gromov Flight Research Institute",
"text": "Show (Aviasalon). At present, GFRI is also hosted Zhukovsky International Airport. The Flight Research Institute was founded on March 8, 1941, in accordance with the decree of Sovnarkom and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. Mikhail Gromov, a test pilot, Hero of the Soviet Union, became its first chief. From the very beginning the Institute participated in development and testing of aircraft and airborne systems, conducted flight research in order to pave the way to further scientific activities. The first years of the Institute's existence fell on the war times. During the war experts of",
"psg_id": "9703568"
},
{
"title": "Boris Vladimirov",
"text": "He retired in 1960 and lived in Moscow. Vladimirov died on 1 May 1978 and was buried in the Vvedenskoye Cemetery. In 2010, Vladimirov's memoirs were posthumously published by Yauza/Eksmo as \"Divisional Commander: From Sinyavino Heights to the Elbe\" (). Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet",
"psg_id": "19849965"
},
{
"title": "Boris Snetkov",
"text": "free Soviet elections, Snetkov, who was backed by the Communist Party, lost his seat, which represented a district in Yaroslavl, to reformist Lieutenant Colonel Viktor Podziruk, in a campaign focused on the issue of the existence of the Soviet draft. Snetkov married Aleksandra Ivanovna, who died 2011, and had a son, Vladislav Borisovich Snetkov, who also became an army officer, and who died in 1997. Snetkov was awarded the following decorations. Boris Snetkov Boris Vasilievich Snetkov (; 27 February 1925 18 September 2006) was a Soviet Army and briefly Russian Ground Forces Army General. Snetkov fought in World War II",
"psg_id": "20130831"
},
{
"title": "Boris Plotnikov",
"text": "and in the crime drama \"Experts\" (2007) played a forensic medical worker. In 2006, director Natalya Bondarchuk invited Plotnikov to play the Chief of the Gendarmes of the Secret Chancellery, Leonti Dubelt, in the drama \"Pushkin. The Last Duel\". Boris Plotnikov also participated in the military themed series \"Everyone has his Own War\" (2011), \"Snipers: Love under Sight\" (2012), \"Fighters. The Last Battle\" (2015). Boris Plotnikov Boris Grigoryevich Plotnikov (, born 2 April 1949) is a Soviet and Russian film actor. His film debut was as Sotnikov in \"The Ascent\", the acclaimed final film of Russian director Larisa Shepitko. Plotnikov",
"psg_id": "14348175"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Hausdorff convergence",
"text": "converges in the pointed Gromov–Hausdorff sense. Another simple and very useful result in Riemannian geometry is Gromov's compactness theorem, which states that the set of Riemannian manifolds with Ricci curvature ≥ \"c\" and diameter ≤ \"D\" is relatively compact in the Gromov–Hausdorff metric. The limit spaces are metric spaces. Additional properties on the length spaces have been proven by Cheeger and Colding. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance metric has been applied in the field of computer graphics and computational geometry to find correspondences between different shapes . The Gromov–Hausdorff distance has been used by Sormani to prove the stability of the Friedmann",
"psg_id": "2685827"
},
{
"title": "Don't Leave...",
"text": "is lost, the chancellor commits suicide. It's clear to all that Marcella is mortally wounded. The prince sings her last song about hope, all present listen with tears in her eyes. Suddenly, Penapia's face expresses amazement: the rose on Marcella's breast gradually turns from blue to red. Don't Leave... Don't Leave ... () is a 1989 Soviet two-part television children's musical film directed by Leonid Nechayev, based on the play of the same name by Georgy Polonsky, which in turn is loosely based on the fairy tale of William Thackeray \"The Rose and the Ring\". The action takes place in",
"psg_id": "20604961"
},
{
"title": "Boris Mozhayev",
"text": "planning a trilogy but could manage only several chapters of the third, autobiographical part, called \"Izgoy\" (The Outcast). In 1995 he started editing the \"Rossiya\" magazine but soon was diagnosed with cancer and retired. Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev died on March 2, 1996, in Moscow. Boris Mozhayev Boris Andreyevich Mozhayev (Борис Андреевич Можаев, June 1, 1923, Pitelino village, Ryazan Governorate - March 2, 1996, Moscow) was a Soviet Russian author, dramatist, script-writer and editor, the USSR State Prize (1989) laureate, best known for his novel \"Zhivoy\" (Alive, 1966) and the two-part epic \"Peasant Men and Women\" (Muzhiki i babyi, 1972-1980). Supported",
"psg_id": "17513292"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Witten invariant",
"text": "Gromov–Witten invariant In mathematics, specifically in symplectic topology and algebraic geometry, Gromov–Witten (GW) invariants are rational numbers that, in certain situations, count pseudoholomorphic curves meeting prescribed conditions in a given symplectic manifold. The GW invariants may be packaged as a homology or cohomology class in an appropriate space, or as the deformed cup product of quantum cohomology. These invariants have been used to distinguish symplectic manifolds that were previously indistinguishable. They also play a crucial role in closed type IIA string theory. They are named after Mikhail Gromov and Edward Witten. The rigorous mathematical definition of Gromov–Witten invariants is lengthy",
"psg_id": "5626679"
},
{
"title": "Gromov boundary",
"text": "is a path given by an isometry formula_3 such that each segment formula_4 is a path of shortest length from formula_1 to formula_6. Two geodesics formula_7 are defined to be equivalent if there is a constant formula_8 such that formula_9 for all formula_10. The equivalence class of formula_11 is denoted formula_12. The Gromov boundary of a geodesic and proper hyperbolic metric space formula_2 is the set formula_14 is a geodesic ray in formula_15. It is useful to use the Gromov product of three points. The Gromov product of three points formula_16 in a metric space is formula_17. In a tree",
"psg_id": "17687351"
},
{
"title": "Gromov boundary",
"text": "their boundaries. This is important because homeomorphisms of compact spaces are much easier to understand than quasi-isometries of spaces. For a complete CAT(0) space \"X\", the visual boundary of \"X\", like the Gromov boundary of δ-hyperbolic space, consists of equivalence class of asymptotic geodesic rays. However, the Gromov product cannot be used to define a topology on it. For example, in the case of a flat plane, any two geodesic rays issuing from a point not heading in opposite directions will have infinite Gromov product with respect to that point. The visual boundary is instead endowed with the cone topology.",
"psg_id": "17687354"
},
{
"title": "Gromov boundary",
"text": "(graph theory), this measures how long the paths from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay together before diverging. Since hyperbolic spaces are tree-like, the Gromov product measures how long geodesics from formula_18 to formula_19 and formula_20 stay close before diverging. Given a point formula_24 in the Gromov boundary, we define the sets formula_25 there are geodesic rays formula_7 with formula_27 and formula_28. These open sets form a basis for the topology of the Gromov boundary. These open sets are just the set of geodesic rays which follow one fixed geodesic ray up to a distance formula_29 before diverging. This topology",
"psg_id": "17687352"
},
{
"title": "In the Country of Last Things",
"text": "novel ends with Anna considering the best way for them to leave the city, and telling the unknown acquaintance to whom she is writing that she will write again. It is unknown whether the letter was sent, and whether Anna, Victoria, Sam and Boris were successful in their attempt to leave the city. The 'last things' in the title of the book refers not only to the disappearance of manufactured objects and technology but also the fading of memories of them and the words used to describe them. As of 2013, a film adaptation directed by Alejandro Chomski was in",
"psg_id": "2787923"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Witten invariant",
"text": "the symplectic manifold \"X\". To interpret the Gromov–Witten invariant geometrically, let β be a homology class in formula_1 and α, ..., α homology classes in \"X\", such that the sum of the codimensions of β, α, ..., α equals \"d\". These induce homology classes in \"Y\" by the Künneth formula. Let where formula_13 denotes the intersection product in the rational homology of \"Y\". This is a rational number, the Gromov–Witten invariant for the given classes. This number gives a \"virtual\" count of the number of pseudoholomorphic curves (in the class \"A\", of genus \"g\", with domain in the β-part of",
"psg_id": "5626682"
},
{
"title": "Boris Vladimirov",
"text": "Boris Vladimirov Boris Alexandrovich Vladimirov (; 14 April 1905 1 May 1978) was a Soviet Army lieutenant general and a Hero of the Soviet Union. Vladimirov served in the Russian Civil War after being drafted into the Red Army in 1921. He became an officer and by 1941 was a deputy regimental commander. After the German invasion of the Soviet Union, Vladimirov successively became senior officer in charge of the formation of march battalions in the Siberian Military District, chief of staff of a ski brigade, and a rifle brigade. He commanded the rifle brigade in the Siege of Leningrad,",
"psg_id": "19849958"
},
{
"title": "Antisemitism in the Soviet Union",
"text": "the 1917 Revolution. As early as 1907, Stalin wrote a letter differentiating between a \"Jewish faction\" and a \"true Russian faction\" in Bolshevism. Stalin's secretary Boris Bazhanov stated that Stalin made crude antisemitic outbursts even before Lenin's death. It's also possible that Stalin's attitudes towards Trotsky, a Ukrainian Jew, may have influenced his views of Jews in general. Stalin adopted antisemitic policies which were reinforced with his anti-Westernism. Since antisemitism was associated with Nazi Germany and was officially condemned by the Soviet system, the Soviet Union and other communist states used the cover-term \"anti-Zionism\" for their antisemitic policies. Antisemitism, as",
"psg_id": "14320879"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Hausdorff convergence",
"text": "of the sequence. The Gromov–Hausdorff space is path-connected, complete, and separable. It is also geodesic, i.e., any two of its points are the endpoints of a minimizing geodesic. In the global sense, the Gromov-Hausdorff space is totally heterogeneous, i.e., its isometry group is trivial, but locally there are many nontrivial isometries. The pointed Gromov–Hausdorff convergence is an analog of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence appropriate for non-compact spaces. A pointed metric space is a pair (\"X\",\"p\") consisting of a metric space \"X\" and point \"p\" in \"X\". A sequence (\"X, p\") of pointed metric spaces converges to a pointed metric space (\"Y\", \"p\")",
"psg_id": "2685825"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Hausdorff convergence",
"text": "\"Y\"→\"M\". Here \"d\" denotes Hausdorff distance between subsets in \"M\" and the \"isometric embedding\" is understood in the global sense, i.e. it must preserve all distances, not only infinitesimally small ones; for example no compact Riemannian manifold admits such an embedding into Euclidean space of the same dimension. The Gromov–Hausdorff distance turns the set of all isometry classes of compact metric spaces into a metric space, called Gromov–Hausdorff space, and it therefore defines a notion of convergence for sequences of compact metric spaces, called Gromov–Hausdorff convergence. A metric space to which such a sequence converges is called the Gromov-Hausdorff limit",
"psg_id": "2685824"
},
{
"title": "Taubes's Gromov invariant",
"text": "index for the cylindrical case, and again, the curves are pseudoholomorphic with respect to a suitable almost complex structure. The result is a topological invariant of Y, which Taubes proved is isomorphic to monopole Floer homology, a version of Seiberg–Witten homology for Y. Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants",
"psg_id": "6324546"
},
{
"title": "Taubes's Gromov invariant",
"text": "Taubes's Gromov invariant In mathematics, the Gromov invariant of Clifford Taubes counts embedded (possibly disconnected) pseudoholomorphic curves in a symplectic 4-manifold, where the curves are holomorphic with respect to an auxiliary compatible almost complex structure. (Multiple covers of 2-tori with self-intersection −1 are also counted.) Taubes proved the information contained in this invariant is equivalent to invariants derived from the Seiberg–Witten equations in a series of four long papers. Much of the analytical complexity connected to this invariant comes from properly counting multiply covered pseudoholomorphic curves so that the result is invariant of the choice of almost complex structure. The",
"psg_id": "6324544"
},
{
"title": "Demokratizatsiya (Soviet Union)",
"text": "apparatchiks to fill the membership of its new legislative body. Outspoken opposition leader Yeltsin obtained a seat in the Supreme Soviet only when another deputy relinquished his position. The first Congress of People's Deputies was the last moment of real control for Gorbachev over the political life of the Soviet Union. In the summer of 1989, the first opposition bloc in the Congress of People's Deputies formed under the name of the Inter-Regional Group. The members of this body included almost all of the liberal and Russian nationalist members of the opposition led by Boris Yeltsin. A primary issue for",
"psg_id": "6281487"
},
{
"title": "Boris Dubrovin",
"text": "systems, geometry of isomonodromic deformations, theta functions on Riemann surfaces, and nonlinear waves. Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants,",
"psg_id": "20883983"
},
{
"title": "Boris Dubrovin",
"text": "Boris Dubrovin Boris Anatolievich Dubrovin (; born 1950) is a Russian mathematician, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences (1984). He graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University (1972). In 1988–1993. Professor of the Department of Higher Geometry and Topology. Since 1990 Professor Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) (Trieste, Italy). Freelance member of the Department of Geometry and Topology of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. Area of scientific interests: theory of integrable systems in geometry and physics: Frobenius manifolds, Gromov–Witten invariants, singularity theory, normal forms of integrable partial differential equations, Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic",
"psg_id": "20883982"
},
{
"title": "Gromov–Hausdorff convergence",
"text": "if, for each \"R\" > 0, the sequence of closed \"R\"-balls around \"p\" in \"X\" converges to the closed \"R\"-ball around \"p\" in \"Y\" in the usual Gromov–Hausdorff sense. The notion of Gromov–Hausdorff convergence was first used by Gromov to prove that any discrete group with polynomial growth is virtually nilpotent (i.e. it contains a nilpotent subgroup of finite index). See Gromov's theorem on groups of polynomial growth. (Also see D. Edwards for an earlier work.) The key ingredient in the proof was the observation that for the Cayley graph of a group with polynomial growth a sequence of rescalings",
"psg_id": "2685826"
},
{
"title": "Mikhail Leonidovich Gromov",
"text": "a presentation at the International Congress of Mathematicians in France, he was not allowed to leave the USSR. Still, his lecture was published in the conference proceedings. Disagreeing with the Soviet system, he had been thinking of emigrating since the age of 14. In the early 1970s he ceased publication, hoping that this would help his application to move to Israel. He changed his last name to that of his mother. When the request was granted in 1974, he moved directly to New York where a position had been arranged for him at Stony Brook. In 1981 he left Stony",
"psg_id": "3370078"
},
{
"title": "1989 October Revolution Parade",
"text": "1989 October Revolution Parade The 1989 October Revolution Parade was a parade that took place in Red Square in Moscow on 7 November 1989 to commemorate the 72th anniversary of the socialist revolution in the Russian Empire in 1917. Mikhail Gorbachev the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Nikolai Ryzhkov the Premier of the Soviet Union was on Lenin's Mausoleum watching the parade. This would be the last time that Gorbachev would be at the parade in the capacity of General Secretary. General of the Army and Minister of Defence Dmitry Yazov made his 3rd",
"psg_id": "19909784"
},
{
"title": "Boris Shilkov",
"text": "Boris Shilkov Boris Arsenyevich Shilkov (; 28 June 1927 – 29 June 2015) was a speed skater. Competing for the Soviet Union, Shilkov lived in Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), where he worked as an engineer. He became Soviet Allround Champion in 1953 and made his international debut three weeks later at the World Allround Championships, where he won silver behind teammate and rival Oleg Goncharenko after having just recovered from an illness. The following year (1954) he became Soviet Allround Champion again (with Goncharenko, again, winning silver), European Allround Champion (with Goncharenko finishing 4th), and World Allround Champion (with Goncharenko",
"psg_id": "7281811"
},
{
"title": "1989 Argentine general election",
"text": "1989 Argentine general election The Argentine general election of 1989 was held on 14 May 1989. Voters chose both the President and their legislators and with a turnout of 85.3%, Carlos Menem won the presidency, and the Justicialist Party won the control of both houses of Congress. This is the last presidential election the president was elected by the electoral college. Inheriting a difficult legacy from his military predecessors, President Raúl Alfonsín's tenure had been practically defined by the foreign debt Argentina's last dictatorship left behind. Signs of unraveling in Alfonsín's 1985 Austral Plan for economic stabilization cost his centrist",
"psg_id": "11519252"
}
] | [
"afghanistan",
"avghanistaun",
"soviet-occupied afghanistan",
"afganhistan",
"afghanestan",
"jomhūrī-ye eslāmī-ye afġānestān",
"afghanastan",
"afeganistao",
"afgjanistan",
"afghanistan/article from the 1911 encyclopedia",
"afghanistan",
"afghanistan, rep. of.",
"afganistan",
"afghanistan-central asia",
"afghanistan (1911 encyclopedia)",
"afghansitan",
"afgahanistan",
"iroa",
"kinetic action",
"a-stan",
"afghanstan",
"afğānistān",
"afghanistan",
"afghānistān",
"i.r.o.a.",
"islamic republic of afghanistan",
"dowlat-e eslami-ye afghanestan",
"افغانستان",
"afghinastan",
"the graveyard of empires",
"affghanistan",
"afghanistan, i.s. of",
"etymology of afghanistan",
"the islamic republic of afghanistan",
"islamic transitional government of afghanistan",
"iso 3166-1:af",
"afghnistan",
"د افغانستان اسلامي دولت دولت اسلامی افغانستان",
"da afġānistān islāmī jomhoriyat",
"da afghanistan islami dawlat dawlat-e eslami-e afghanestan"
] |
which politician's wife was acquitted in 1990 of defrauding us banks? | [] | [] | [
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "denied the request for a DNA test. After hearing evidence in the High Court case, Judge Courtney declared that Banks is the birth father of Antony Brett Shaw. John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later",
"psg_id": "2979693"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "John Banks (New Zealand politician) John Archibald Banks (born 2 December 1946) is a New Zealand politician. He was a member of Parliament for the National Party from 1981 to 1999, and for ACT New Zealand from 2011 to 2014. He was a Cabinet Minister from 1990 to 1996 and 2011 to 2013. He left Parliament after being a convicted of filing a false electoral return – a verdict which was later overturned. In between his tenures in Parliament, he served as Mayor of Auckland City for two terms, from 2001 to 2004 and from 2007 to 2010. When seven",
"psg_id": "2979658"
},
{
"title": "Edward Banks (politician)",
"text": "to gain a seat in the 1874 assembly, representing a Berlin constituency following a bye-election. He lost his seat in 1877, however. In May 1883 Edward Banks killed himself. Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor",
"psg_id": "19304561"
},
{
"title": "Edward Banks (politician)",
"text": "Edward Banks (politician) Edward Bartels Banks (1 January 1836 - 22 May 1883) was a lawyer who became a politician and a member of the newly established Reichstag (German parliament) in 1871. His great grandfather, William Banks, was an English merchant who had relocated to Hamburg. Banks came from a political family. His father, Edward Banks (1795–1851), was a while his maternal grandfather, Johann Heinrich Bartels (1761-1851) had been a mayor of the city. A brother in law was the writer-historian (1812-1891). He attended school in Hamburg and Lübeck, before moving on to study Law at Tübingen and Göttingen. While",
"psg_id": "19304559"
},
{
"title": "Gordon Banks (politician)",
"text": "Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986. Banks was elected at the 2005 general election, succeeding fellow Labour MP Martin O'Neill.",
"psg_id": "5100330"
},
{
"title": "Gordon Banks (politician)",
"text": "Banks is married with two children. He is a member of the Coeliac Society. Gordon Banks (politician) Gordon Raymond Banks (born 14 June 1955) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Ochil and South Perthshire from 2005 until 2015. Banks was born in Acomb, Northumberland and educated at the Lornshill Academy in Alloa and then the Glasgow College of Building. He later obtained a degree in History and Politics from the University of Stirling. He has worked in the construction industry for 31 years, and formed his own building supplies business in 1986.",
"psg_id": "5100332"
},
{
"title": "Jim Banks",
"text": "Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as a member of the Indiana Senate. Banks was first elected to serve in the state senate for the 17th district in 2010, and upon military deployment to Afghanistan, he took a leave of absence from the state senate since September 2014. Invoking an Indiana state law which allows state and local officeholders to take leaves of absence during active duty military service, Banks was temporarily replaced by his wife, Amanda Banks, who held the",
"psg_id": "16373205"
},
{
"title": "Ferenc Juhász (politician)",
"text": "cost a ministry-owned apartment to Fapál around 2005 or 2006, which caused estimated 43 million Ft to the Ministry of Defence. Juhász said MTI his accusation was \"obviously acting on political pressure\". In February 2014, both politicians were acquitted. He is marrief. His wife is Csilla Szendrák. Ferenc Juhász (politician) Ferenc Juhász (born 6 July 1960) in Nyíregyháza, is a former Minister of Defence for Hungary. From 1990, he has been a member of the Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP), and from 2000 the vice chairman of the party. He was the Minister of National Defense in Hungary from 27 May",
"psg_id": "7478623"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two eviction proceedings filed against him in 2016. During the 2012 election, Brian Banks refused to pay Sawicki & Sons, the company that made his",
"psg_id": "17661835"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "Nov. 13 fundraiser at the American Serbian Hall in Detroit. Suggested contributions range from $41 for a ticket to $2,000 for a sponsor-level donor. Brian Banks (politician) Brian Roderick Banks (born November 15, 1976) is a Democratic former member of the Michigan House of Representatives and current candidate for the Democratic nomination in the 2nd District of the Michigan Senate. Since 1998, Brian Banks has been convicted of eight felonies. Since his first election, Brian Banks has civil judgements against him in the amount of $47,809.84. He has been evicted a total of seven times in recent years, including two",
"psg_id": "17661854"
},
{
"title": "William S. Taylor (politician)",
"text": "the Seventh Legislature convened on 2 November 1857, Taylor was the only nomination for speaker. He was elected and served until he became ill on 26 December 1857 and took leave of absence. On 18 January 1858, Taylor resigned as Speaker. Taylor died on 22 July 1858 and was buried in Larissa. One of his fifteen children with wife Elizabeth, son William S. Taylor, Jr., fought in the Battle of San Jacinto. William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas",
"psg_id": "9537894"
},
{
"title": "Jonathan Banks",
"text": "the 2018 thriller film \"The Commuter\". Banks married his first wife in 1968. Together, they had one daughter. After his divorce in 1970, Banks married his second wife in 1990. From this marriage, they had fraternal twins. Banks also has a stepdaughter from this marriage. Jonathan Banks Jonathan Ray Banks (born January 31, 1947) is an American actor. His first notable film roles were in the films \"Airplane!\", \"48 Hrs.\", and \"Beverly Hills Cop\". He has received critical acclaim for his role as former police officer turned hitman Mike Ehrmantraut in the television series \"Breaking Bad\" and its spin-off \"Better",
"psg_id": "4856656"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (U.S. politician)",
"text": "State treasurer of Pennsylvania in 1847. He resumed the practice of law in Reading, Pennsylvania, where he died in 1864. Interment in Reading's Charles Evans Cemetery. John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth",
"psg_id": "9227742"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (U.S. politician)",
"text": "John Banks (U.S. politician) John Banks (October 17, 1793 – April 3, 1864) was an Anti-Masonic member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania. John Banks was born near Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and commenced practice in Juniata County, Pennsylvania, in 1819. He moved to Mercer County, Pennsylvania, and continued the practice of law. Banks was elected as an Anti-Masonic candidate to the Twenty-second, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth Congresses and served until his resignation on March 31, 1836. He became judge of the Berks judicial district from May 1836 until he resigned to become",
"psg_id": "9227741"
},
{
"title": "Caleb Banks",
"text": "Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679. Banks stood unsuccessfully for parliament at Winchelsea in 1679 when he was under age. He was a captain of",
"psg_id": "15063539"
},
{
"title": "Caleb Banks",
"text": "Church. Banks married Elizabeth Fortrey, daughter of Samuel Fortrey but there were no children, rendering his father's baronetcy extinct. Caleb Banks Caleb Banks (18 September 1659 – 13 September 1696) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1685 and 1696. Banks was the son of Sir John Banks, 1st Baronet and his wife Elizabeth Dethick, daughter of Sir John Dethick. He was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge and admitted at Grey's Inn in February 1675. He was a pupil of John Locke who accompanied him in France his travels in France from 1677 to 1679.",
"psg_id": "15063541"
},
{
"title": "1990 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990 US Open was a tennis tournament played on outdoor hard courts at the USTA National Tennis Center in New York City in the United States. It was the 110th edition of the US Open and was held from August 27 to September 9, 1990. Pete Sampras defeated Andre Agassi 6–4, 6–3, 6–2 Gabriela Sabatini defeated Steffi Graf 6–2, 7–6 Pieter Aldrich / Danie Visser defeated Paul Annacone / David Wheaton 6–2, 7–6 (7–3), 6–2 Gigi Fernández / Martina Navratilova defeated Jana Novotná / Helena Suková 6–2, 6–4 Elizabeth Smylie / Todd Woodbridge defeated Natasha",
"psg_id": "8180789"
},
{
"title": "Jim Banks",
"text": "Banks supports allowing internet companies to release customer information with the federal government. Banks supports ending federal funding of abortions, including defunding Planned Parenthood. Banks calls banning transgender people from serving in the military as an \"emotional issue.\" He opposes the military paying for sex reassignment surgery saying that \"I don't think taxpayers should be on the hook for that.\" Banks lives in Columbia City, Indiana, with his wife Amanda and their three daughters. Jim Banks James Edward Banks (born July 16, 1979) is an American politician who is the U.S. Representative for . A Republican, he previously served as",
"psg_id": "16373211"
},
{
"title": "Jan S. Marais",
"text": "Marais had a wife, Peggy, who died in the 1980s, and a daughter, Carla. He resided in Durbanville. Marais died in 2009. Jan S. Marais Jan S. Marais (April 23, 1919 - 2009) was a South African banker and politician. He was the founder and chairman of the Trust Bank of Africa, one of South Africa's largest banks. He was a National member of the Parliament of South Africa, and a critic of apartheid. Jan S. Marais was born was Johannes Stephanus Marais on April 23, 1919 in Fraserburg, Northern Cape. He graduated from Stellenbosch University. Marais was the general",
"psg_id": "20630197"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "Parliament on 13 June, ahead of sentencing on 1 August 2014. This sequence of events is drawn from the judgement in Banks' 2014 trial. Kim Dotcom and John Banks first met in April 2010, when Dotcom flew Banks to his mansion in a helicopter. They \"discussed ... Mr Dotcom’s goals. He hoped to undertake venture capital investment in this country. There was also a short discussion about Mr Dotcom’s residence application and Mr Banks offered to assist in this regard\". Banks, with his wife Amanda, visited the mansion again on 5 June. Over lunch, they discussed fundraising for his campaign.",
"psg_id": "2979680"
},
{
"title": "William Banks (died 1676)",
"text": "four sons and three daughters. William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations",
"psg_id": "16403776"
},
{
"title": "William Banks (died 1676)",
"text": "William Banks (died 1676) William Banks (1636 – 6 July 1676) was an English politician who sat in the House of Commons twice between 1660 and 1676. Banks was the son of William Banks of Winstanley Hall, the only son by his second wife Sarah Jones, daughter of Walter Jones of Chastleton, Oxfordshire. In 1660, he was elected Member of Parliament for Newton. He was Deputy Lieutenant for Lancashire from around August 1660 to 1662, and from 1663 to his death. He was commissioner for assessment from August 1660 to 1674 and commissioner for corporations from 1662 to 1663. From",
"psg_id": "16403774"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "Dotcom offered $50,000 towards the campaign. Kim, his wife Mona Dotcom, and their head of security Wayne Tempero all gave evidence that Banks asked for the donation to be split and remain anonymous. All three told the court that Banks explained this would make it easier for him to \"help\" Dotcom in the future. Justice Wylie found each of them to be \"reliable and credible\" witnesses. Amanda Banks initially denied any discussion of the campaign or donations at the same lunch, but this changed under cross-examination. John Banks' evidence was different again, suggesting that they discussed donations of amounts up",
"psg_id": "2979681"
},
{
"title": "Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury)",
"text": "Jacob Banks (MP for Shaftesbury) Jacob Banks (27 Feb. 1704–1738), of Milton Abbas, Dorset, was a British politician who sat in the House of Commons between 1726 and 1738. Banks was the second son of Sir Jacob Bancks (or Banks), of [Milton Abbas, and his wife Mary Tregonwell, only surviving daughter of John Tregonwell, MP of Milton Abbas. Banks’s father was originally a Swedish diplomat who served in the Royal Navy, and his mother was formerly married to Francis Luttrell . His father died in December 1724 and when his brother died unmarried in 1725, Banks inherited the manor of",
"psg_id": "20996844"
},
{
"title": "Gladys E. Banks",
"text": "Gladys E. Banks Gladys E. Banks (July 2, 1897 – November 5, 1972) was an American politician from New York. She was born on July 2, 1897, in the Bronx. She married John W. Banks. She was a member of the New York State Assembly (Bronx Co., 11th D.) from 1945 to 1950, sitting in the 165th, 166th and 167th New York State Legislatures. In November 1950, she ran for re-election, but was defeated by Democrat Clarke S. Ryan. In November 1952, she defeated Ryan who ran for re-election. She was again a member of the State Assembly in 1953",
"psg_id": "17984357"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "Mallard laid a complaint about a $15,000 donation from SkyCity, listed as anonymous by Banks. Days later, Dotcom himself told \"The New Zealand Herald\" and TV3's \"Campbell Live\" program about his own donations, saying that the $50,000 was split at Banks' request, that the cheques were written out in the presence of Banks, and that Banks called him a few days later to thank him. Two complaints, including another from Mallard, were made to the police about the Dotcom donations. (Like Mallard, the second complainant had also raised the SkyCity donations.) The Police subsequently investigated, interviewing a number of people",
"psg_id": "2979685"
},
{
"title": "Nathaniel P. Banks",
"text": "Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were noted by the Democratic Party. But his abolitionist views fitted him better for the nascent Republican Party, through which he became Speaker of the United States House of Representatives and Governor of Massachusetts in the 1850s. Always a political chameleon (for which he was criticized by contemporaries), Banks was the first professional politician (with no",
"psg_id": "1327391"
},
{
"title": "Desmond Banks, Baron Banks",
"text": "Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was educated at prep school in Harrow and University College School in Hampstead. During the Second World War he served as an officer in the Royal Artillery. In 1948 he married Barbara Wells who in 1987 was awarded the OBE for services to the Women's Liberal Federation. They had two sons, Alistair Richard Harvie Banks (b. 1951) and Graham Thornton Harvie Banks (b. 1953). Banks was a life insurance",
"psg_id": "11832682"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Banks (MP died 1727)",
"text": "Joseph Banks (MP died 1727) Joseph Banks (6 September 1665 – 27 September 1727), of Revesby Abbey, Lincolnshire, was an English lawyer, financial speculator and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1715 to 1727. Banks was the second son of Robert Banks of Beck Hall, Giggleswick, Yorkshire and his wife Margaret Frankland, daughter of John Frankland of Rathmell, Yorkshire. He was articled to a solicitor. He married, Mary Hancock, the daughter of Rev. Rowland Hancock, a dissenting minister of Shircliffe Hall, near Sheffield, in 1689. At some time, he moved to live as a country attorney at",
"psg_id": "18680118"
},
{
"title": "Aaron Banks",
"text": "Banks said that she was constantly nagging him to settle down. Banks' second wife was a show girl, but the marriage quickly dissolved again due to the difference in salary. Banks earned around $40 a week and his wife $1000 a week. It was shortly after this that he was employed at the record store where an infamous incident changed his life. He died May 2, 2013. Banks had a dream to become an actor, which was not fulfilled to his liking. At the age of 19, Aaron Banks decided his job was to be an actor. He charged in",
"psg_id": "15184322"
},
{
"title": "Acquitted (1929 film)",
"text": "Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a screenplay by Keene Thompson. The film stars Lloyd Hughes, Margaret Livingston, and Sam Hardy, and was released by Columbia Pictures on November 15, 1929. Marian is sent to prison for a crime she did not commit. While there she meets fellow convict, Dr. Bradford, who has also been wrongly convicted of a murder. Marion believes his innocence and falls in love with him. Bradford tells her that it was Egan who framed him. Meanwhile, Egan has fallen in love with Marian, and when Marian",
"psg_id": "20358909"
},
{
"title": "Desmond Banks, Baron Banks",
"text": "group within the Liberal Party to prevent what many saw as a rightward drift by the party, and its potential capture by the economic liberals. The Group campaigned under the slogan 'social reform without socialism'. Banks was a strong pro-European, a founder member and one time chairman of the Liberal European Action Group and was President of the British Council of the European Movement from 1986 to 1994. Desmond Banks, Baron Banks Desmond Anderson Harvie Banks, Baron Banks, CBE (23 October 1918 – 15 June 1997) was a British Liberal Party politician. Banks was born in Ascot, Berkshire. He was",
"psg_id": "11832685"
},
{
"title": "Kota Banks",
"text": "Las Vegas performs using Banks on vocals. In March her single, \"Zoom\", was premiered on Triple J's \"Good Nights\" and subsequently received high rotation on the national youth radio station. Triple J's Al Newstead declared, \"this [track] has grown on us hard. It's a fun, flirty mix of dancehall and pop elevated by the fanciful production.\" Banks released her debut extended play, \"Prize\" (styled as \"PRIZE\"), in mid-2018, as a ten-track mix tape. It was produced by Omerhodic, who shared the song writing with Banks on most of its tracks. \"AltMedia\"s Jamie Apps rated it at three-and-a-half stars and explained,",
"psg_id": "20834409"
},
{
"title": "Acquitted (1929 film)",
"text": "it a \"strong melodrama\", although they found the moral of the story less than desirable, saying that \"it glorifies a crook and a murderer\". They felt the script and direction created an atmosphere of tense suspense. They particularly singled out the acting work of Sam Hardy. The \"Motion Picture News\" also enjoyed the film, calling it a \"Good Crime Drama\". They complimented Lloyd Hughes and Margaret Livingston, while saying that they were outshone by Hardy, although they felt the plot was a bit hackneyed. Acquitted (1929 film) Acquitted is a 1929 American melodrama directed by Frank R. Strayer, from a",
"psg_id": "20358913"
},
{
"title": "Sydney Banks",
"text": "he became co-founder and executive producer. By the mid 1970s, Banks had created, produced and sometimes directed over 450 films and TV programs plus innumerable TV commercials. On leaving Global, he became a founder and director of the Toronto cable firm CUC Broadcasting, which became one of the largest cable systems in the Greater Toronto area, and was eventually sold to Shaw Cable in 1994. During the 1980s and 1990s, Banks was president of S Banks Group Inc which includes Ennerdale Productions and S. Banks (in-television) Limited. During this period of time, he travelled around the world doing business in",
"psg_id": "9178561"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "seat for the remainder of his parliamentary career with the National Party. When National won the 1990 election, Banks entered Cabinet, becoming Minister of Police, Minister of Tourism, and Minister of Sport. While Minister of Police, he was fined $750 for answering his cell phone on a commercial flight in 1991. On the final reading of New Zealand's 1986 Homosexual Law Reform, John Banks said that \"This day will be remembered as a sad and sickening day for New Zealand. A very black cloud tonight and those members who wheel themselves through the doors of the Ayes lobby to vote",
"psg_id": "2979662"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "his company would win a multimillion-dollar contract, federal documents show. Along the way, Fiore appeared to have gotten help from Banks. \"Fiore is involved in bid-rigging with legislator Brian Banks,\" Special FBI Agent Robert Beeckman wrote in 2016 affidavit, which included intercepted text messages and phone calls between Fiore and Banks. According to the affidavit, in a May 5, 2016, phone conversation, Fiore and Banks spoke about the MDOT contract when Banks mentioned Fiore's political \"might.\" \"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you ... They said: 'We don't want to mess with that force,' \" Banks said. Fiore",
"psg_id": "17661842"
},
{
"title": "Pompeia (wife of Caesar)",
"text": "trial, and he was acquitted. Nevertheless, Caesar divorced Pompeia, saying that \"my wife ought not even to be under suspicion.\" This gave rise to a proverb, sometimes expressed: \"Caesar's wife must be above suspicion.\" Pompeia (wife of Caesar) Pompeia (\"fl.\" 1st century BC) was the second wife of Julius Caesar. Her parents were Quintus Pompeius Rufus, a son of a former consul, and Cornelia, the daughter of the Roman dictator Sulla. Caesar married Pompeia in 67 BC, after he had served as quaestor in Hispania, his first wife Cornelia having died the previous year in giving birth to her son",
"psg_id": "4049181"
},
{
"title": "Wife selling",
"text": "which she \"was kidnapped by a brothel-master\", who later \"sold her ... [to] her husband's new employer ... who ... the couple\". In 1990, in Central Nepal, mainly in rural areas, one song, a \"dukha\", which is a \"suffering/hardship\" song that \"provide[s] ... an interpretation of women's hardships\", \"underscore[d] ... the limited resources and rights of a wife caught in a bad marriage\". Sung from a daughter's perspective, the song in part said, \"[The wife says] You don't need to return home after drinking there in the evening.\"/\"In Pokhara bazaar, [there is] an electricity line,\"/\"The household property is not mine.\"/\"The",
"psg_id": "15382226"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "businessmen's affidavits could be considered. In May 2015, the Court of Appeal reversed its decision to order a retrial when a new document was disclosed. The document included the affidavits from the two witnesses, confirming that Kim Dotcom and his then-wife Mona had fabricated their version of the events when giving evidence. An amendment to local electoral laws nicknamed the 'John Banks bill' passed its first reading in November 2012. It tightens restrictions on campaign donations, and was directly inspired by the 'anonymous' donations to Banks' 2010 mayoralty campaign. The Local Electoral Amendment Bill passed its third reading and became",
"psg_id": "2979689"
},
{
"title": "Dennis Banks",
"text": "a federal grand jury for aiding and abetting the murder of Aquash; he was alleged to have provided John Graham with a gun. He was acquitted of the charge. In 1975, he had been serving as one of Banks' bodyguards. Aquash was brought to Marshall's house on the Pine Ridge Reservation in December 1975 before being taken to the site of her murder. Authorities continue to investigate the Aquash murder. In 2014, \"The New York Times Magazine\" spoke to Banks for an in-depth feature about the murders of Aquash and Robinson. During his time in California from 1976 to 1983,",
"psg_id": "4620872"
},
{
"title": "Azealia Banks",
"text": "the tracks \"Jumanji\", \"Aquababe\", and \"Nathan\" (featuring rapper Styles P) were made available online. \"Fantasea\" was released via Banks' Twitter account on July 11, and was succeeded by the unveiling of Banks' online radio project, \"Kunt.FM\" the following week. Banks' first EP, \"1991\", was released in the UK on May 28 and in the US the following day. The 4-track EP, which includes \"212\", was not eligible for the \"UK Albums\" chart, but the title track charted at #79 on the \"UK Singles\" chart. It also reached 133 on the US 200, while reaching #17 on the \"US R&B/Hip-Hop\" chart,",
"psg_id": "16100263"
},
{
"title": "Dennis Banks",
"text": "found questionable accounting practices, but no evidence of criminal offenses. As a result of involvement in Custer and Wounded Knee, Banks and 300 others were arrested by the federal government and faced trial. He was acquitted of the Wounded Knee charges, but was convicted of incitement to riot and assault stemming from the earlier confrontation at Custer. Refusing the prison term, Banks went underground and organized a small armed AIM group. It included Anna Mae Pictou Aquash, considered the highest-ranking woman in AIM. About this time, the two were also involved in a personal relationship. After disappearing from Denver in",
"psg_id": "4620869"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Hated Banks",
"text": "The Man Who Hated Banks The Man Who Hated Banks (full name The Man Who Hated Banks and other mysteries) is a collection of mystery stories by the British thriller writer Michael Gilbert, first published in 1997 by the American company Crippen & Landru. As the back cover of the book tells us, it was \"published in honour of the fiftieth anniversary of Michael Gilbert's first book.\" Gilbert, who was appointed CBE in 1980, was a founder-member of the British Crime Writers' Association. The Mystery Writers of America named him a Grand Master in 1988 and in 1990 he was",
"psg_id": "19726878"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "ruling that the key question was not why Banks may have been charged, but whether he committed the crimes alleged in the charges. In February 2017, Brian Banks reached a plea agreement with the Attorney General's office in which all felony counts against were dropped in exchange for his immediate resignation from the Michigan House of Representatives and pleading guilty to one misdemeanor. Banks announced his formal resignation in Wayne County Circuit Court on February 6, 2017. In December 2017, the Detroit Free Press obtained FBI wiretap transcripts that were unsealed in U.S. District Court. The investigation is linked to",
"psg_id": "17661840"
},
{
"title": "Edward S. Rogers Jr.",
"text": "Robinson), and their wedding took place on September 25, 1963. Her father was Roland Robinson, 1st Baron Martonmere, who was a British politician and former Governor of Bermuda. Rogers and his wife had four children together: Lisa, Edward, Melinda and Martha. He is a direct descendant of Timothy Rogers, the founder of Newmarket, Ontario and Pickering, Ontario. On October 25, 1990, Rogers was appointed to the grade of Officer of the Order of Canada. In 2006, he was inducted into Canada's Telecommunications Hall of Fame, along with his father, Edward S. Rogers Sr. In 2000, Rogers and his wife Loretta",
"psg_id": "4326333"
},
{
"title": "Azealia Banks",
"text": "Banks forcefully arguing with the flight attendant, in which she at one point called the Delta employee a \"fucking faggot\". On November 10, 2015, it was reported Banks was under investigation by the Los Angeles Police Department following an altercation involving the rapper and a security guard at L.A. club Break Room 86. Later that year, Banks was arrested in New York after attacking a female security guard. In March 2016, Sarah Palin threatened a lawsuit against Banks in response to a series of tweets where she attacked the politician, calling for \"the biggest burliest blackest negroes\" to \"run a",
"psg_id": "16100283"
},
{
"title": "Sydney Banks",
"text": "US border stations for Canadian consumption. He established the first TV commercial production unit in Canada and also in 1949 the first TV department for a major Canadian ad agency. In 1952, as Canada began TV broadcasting, Banks expanded into Canadian television program production. In 1955, he joined the late Spence Caldwell at S. W. Caldwell Ltd as executive producer, and ran the Rank organisation's Queensway Studios. He then moved to Foster Advertising, where he started their television advertising department. This involved frequent travel to the States, where he produced commercials for Carling. Banks was also the principal founder of",
"psg_id": "9178558"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Banks",
"text": "This backing led to the Rum Rebellion in Sydney, whereby governor was overthrown by the two men. This became an embarrassment for Sir Joseph Banks also because years earlier he campaigned that John Macarthur not be granted 10,000 acres of land near Sydney in the cow pastures, which was later granted by Lord Camden. The next governor, Lachlan Macquarie was asked to arrest Macarthur and Johnston, only to realise that they had left Sydney for London to defend themselves. What was humiliating was that Macarthur and Johnston were acquitted from all charges in London and both later returned to Sydney.",
"psg_id": "509381"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "phone last year. Campaign finance records show both Jennifer Fiore and Gasper Fiore donated to Banks House campaign against Pamela Sossi. Brian Banks has falsely claimed to be an attorney, leading Wayne County Sheriff Benny Napoleon to endorse him. Sheriff Napoleon's spokesman Dennis Niemiec said the Sheriff was unaware of Banks' felony convictions and Sheriff Napoleon said he did not previously know about Banks' felonies. The State Bar of Michigan has no record of Banks ever being licensed to practice law in Michigan. Brian Banks campaign website previously stated that he was on staff at the law firm Rodnick, Unger",
"psg_id": "17661844"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "firm to defend Banks against the charges of sexual harassment. The lawsuit was later settled for $11,950. On June 28, 2016, Brian Banks was charged with three new felonies and one misdemeanor by Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette over documents he falsified, to obtain a personal loan in June 2010. Because of his previous felony convictions, Banks was charged as a habitual offender and could have faced life in prison if convicted of the new felonies. In August 2016, Banks was bound over to Wayne County Circuit Court for trial on all charges by District Court Judge Deborah Langston. Banks",
"psg_id": "17661837"
},
{
"title": "1990 US Open (tennis)",
"text": "Zvereva / Jim Pugh 6–4, 6–2 Andrea Gaudenzi defeated Mikael Tillström 6–2, 4–6, 7–6 Magdalena Maleeva defeated Noëlle van Lottum 7–5, 6–2 Sébastien Leblanc / Greg Rusedski defeated Marten Renström / Mikael Tillström 6–7, 6–3, 6–4 Kristin Godridge / Kirrily Sharpe defeated Erika deLone / Lisa Raymond 4–6, 7–5, 6–2 Sandy Mayer defeated Tom Gullikson 6–4, 6–4 Tom Gullikson / Dick Stockton defeated Mark Edmondson / Sherwood Stewart 6–7, 7–6, 6–4 Rosemary Casals / Billie Jean King defeated Wendy Turnbull / Virginia Wade 2–6, 6–4, 6–3 Total prize money for the event was $6,349,250. 1990 US Open (tennis) The 1990",
"psg_id": "8180790"
},
{
"title": "Till There Was You (1990 film)",
"text": "arrives only to find Charlie dead, and becomes involved with his late brother's partner, Viv, and Viv's unhappy wife, Anna. According to producer Jim McElroy, the aim of the movie was to make an adventure film in the style of \"Elephant Walk\" (1954) or \"To Have and Have Not\" (1944). It marked the directorial debut of highly regarded cinematographer John Seale. Dennis Quaid was originally rumoured to play the lead. Half the budget was provided by the FFC, whose contribution amounted to $6,326,711. The film was shot from 6 November 1989 to 19 January 1990. Till There Was You (1990",
"psg_id": "6351823"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "Despite a number of controversies, Brian Banks defeated Scott Benson by 96 votes to win the 2012 Democrat Primary. Although only receiving 42% of the vote in the 2014 Primary, Banks was re-elected. During the August 2016 Primary Election, Brian Banks narrowly defended a challenge for his seat by Harper Woods attorney Pamela Sossi, a first time candidate. Despite Banks significant fundraising advantage, Sossi led the race throughout the night until last minute votes were reported, giving Banks a narrow victory. Sossi swept the suburbs, winning Harper Woods, Grosse Pointe Woods and Grosse Pointe Shores, while Banks won Detroit. According",
"psg_id": "17661847"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "a paternity claim. In the High Court proceedings, Shaw said his mother Pamela Mayes told him he was conceived during a relationship she had with Banks in 1969, and that when she told Banks she was pregnant that he had ended the relationship. In a sworn affidavit, Mayes alleged that Banks procured drugs that would make her miscarry, and pressured her into taking the necessary dosage, which she refused to do. In 1999 Mayes told Shaw his real father was John Banks. First Mayes and later Shaw contacted Banks to request confirmation of paternity but this was denied. Banks also",
"psg_id": "2979692"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Banks",
"text": "Dilettanti which helped to establish the Royal Academy. Banks was born on Argyle Street in London to William Banks, a wealthy Lincolnshire country squire and member of the House of Commons, and his wife Sarah, daughter of William Bate. He had a younger sister, Sarah Sophia Banks, born in 1744. Banks was educated at Harrow School from the age of 9 and at Eton College from 1756; his fellow students included his future shipmate Constantine Phipps. As a boy, Banks enjoyed exploring the Lincolnshire countryside and developed a keen interest in nature, history and botany. When he was 17, he",
"psg_id": "509364"
},
{
"title": "Gary George (Oregon politician)",
"text": "Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative Kim Thatcher led an unsuccessful effort in 2008 to",
"psg_id": "12407139"
},
{
"title": "Gary George (Oregon politician)",
"text": "repeal gay rights legislation passed by the 2007 legislature. Gary George (Oregon politician) Gary George is a Republican politician from the US state of Oregon. He was a member of the Oregon State Senate from 1997 to 2009, representing District 12. George and his wife Kathy own a hazelnut farm and processing plant and a christmas tree farm outside Newberg. They have five children including current state senator Larry George (R-OR, 13th). George ran for a seat in the Oregon House of Representatives in 1990, but lost. He first won a seat in the Senate in 1996. George and Representative",
"psg_id": "12407140"
},
{
"title": "Willie Banks (musician)",
"text": "was \"For The Wrong I've Done\" for which he was nominated for a Grammy in 1980. Banks stayed with HSE Records until they changed their name to Black Label. Three projects were released on this label. Willie Banks moved over to Malaco Records in the mid 80's. He penned \"Look at the Blessings\" in 1986 with Malaco. He would release thirteen albums with them, four of them placing on the Billboard magazine Top Gospel Albums chart: \"For The Wrong I Done\" (1978), \"Mother Why\" (1980), \"The Legend Lives On\" (1992) and 1993's \"The Best of Willie Banks\", which was released",
"psg_id": "18700376"
},
{
"title": "Jasmyn Banks",
"text": "Guvnors\" from 2014 until 2015. She will be starring in the horror film The Spiritualist, which is currently in post-production. Jasmyn Banks Jasmyn Grace Banks (born 20 August 1990) is an English actress. A graduate of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts and YPTC RAaW London Banks has acted in stage productions since 2005 and she has had roles in various television productions since 2006. She was cast as Alice Branning in the BBC soap opera \"EastEnders\" in 2012, making her screen debut on 10 May that year. She departed the show on 24 December 2013. Banks trained at",
"psg_id": "16605546"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "was formally arraigned in Circuit Court on August 23. In July 2016 Kevin Trayer, the Postmaster of the Richland Post Office, investigated Brian Banks for mail fraud, concerning mail pieces that listed defunct Political Action Committees in the required political disclaimer. The pieces attacked Banks Primary opponent Pamela Sossi and echoed claims Banks had made while knocking doors. The former legislators tied to the dissolved PAC's had no ties to Brian Banks and denied allowing him to use the PAC's for any purpose. On September 15, 2016, Michigan Secretary of State Ruth Johnson ruled that Brian Banks used House funds",
"psg_id": "17661838"
},
{
"title": "The Machines: Simple Machines 7\"s (1990–1993)",
"text": "as well as two rants by Juliana Luecking, one of which is spoken in a fake Baltimore accent. It also contains two songs by Geek called \"Herasure\" and \"Hemingway Shotgun\", the latter of which Allmusic has mistakenly referred to as \"Hemingway \"Station\"\". The Machines: Simple Machines 7\"s (1990–1993) Simple Machines 7\"s 1990–1993 also known as The Machines is a compilation album created by Simple Machines records. The compilation consisted of six of the earliest EPs; Wedge (SMR 01; 1990), Wheel (SMR 02; 1990), Pulley (SMR 03; 1991), Screw (SMR 04; 1991), Lever (SMR 05; 1992), and Inclined Plane (SMR 06;",
"psg_id": "11137457"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "responded: \"Mmmmmm yeah. Does that mean, So what they doing with the deal then?\" Banks: \"So, you good so far. You hear me.\" On May 26, a phone call between Gasper Fiore and Banks again discussed the MDOT contract. \"MDOT said you have a mighty force behind you,\" Banks stated. Fiore laughed in response. \"They said you – 'We, we don't want to mess with that force behind you.'\" Later in the conversation, Banks again reassures Fiore: \"You know with the MDOT, you good.\" The conversation between Banks and Fiore was among many that the government obtained after bugging Fiore's",
"psg_id": "17661843"
},
{
"title": "Pet banks",
"text": "Jackson. By 1833 there were 23 \"pet banks\" or state banks with US Treasury funds. The term gained currency because most of the banks were chosen not because of monetary fitness but on the basis of the spoils system, which rewarded political allies of Andrew Jackson. Most pet banks eventually lost money and didn't succeed in their investments. The pet banks and smaller \"wildcat\" banks flooded the country with paper currency. Because this money became so unreliable, Jackson issued the Specie Circular, which required all public lands to be purchased with gold and/or silver. This contributed to the Panic of",
"psg_id": "5314718"
},
{
"title": "Colin Banks",
"text": "at Maidstone. With John Miles, he was the Production Editor of \"Which?\", and associated magazines, from 1964 to 1993. Banks was an influential designer, and his Telecom (T) identity, created for British Telecommunications when it was instituted in 1981, spawned many imitators. Its replacement by Wolff Olins' BT \"piper\" was received with much derision in 1991. Banks received a prestigious RSA/BBC Design Award in 1990, for the paper-saving redesign of the UK's Phonebook. Miles and Banks designed the UK Post Office's distinctive \"double-line\" alphabet in 1972 and New Johnston, a revival of Edward Johnston's \"Underground Sans\", for London Transport. They",
"psg_id": "7264996"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "the FBI. During the November 8 General Election, Banks received 66 percent of the vote over engineer William Broman, his Republican challenger. On February 6, 2017, just 26 days into his third term in the Michigan House of Representatives, Brian Banks resigned his seat to avoid prison time. By 9 am, February 8, 2017, Banks was sending e-mails to supporters inviting them to a March 6 fundraiser for his PAC, Bank on Banks for Michigan, leading to speculation that he would be running for future office, or financially backing his chosen successor. The fundraiser was held at Sinbad's restaurant in",
"psg_id": "17661849"
},
{
"title": "In Which We Serve",
"text": "leads to a flashback in which Blake remembers how he met his wife-to-be, Freda, on a train while on leave. It is also revealed that she is related to the \"Torrin\"'s affable Chief Petty Officer Hardy (Miles). When both men return to sea, Freda moves in with CPO Hardy's wife and mother-in-law. The \"Torrin\" participates in the Dunkirk evacuation of the British Expeditionary Force, (portrayed in the film by the 5th Battalion of the Coldstream Guards). Meanwhile, the nightly Blitz takes its toll on British towns. Blake soon gets a letter from home to say that Freda has given birth",
"psg_id": "832902"
},
{
"title": "A. Doris Banks Henries",
"text": "Education. She rose to the rank of Assistant Minister of Education in 1978. Banks Henries wrote a biography of Liberian president William V. S. Tubman, published in 1967. She also edited collections of Liberian poetry (1963), and of Liberian folklore (1967). In her work as a government official, she was credited as author of many official reports, textbooks, and books about Liberia for young readers. She served as president of the Society of Liberian Authors. In 1942, Doris Banks married Richard Abrom Henries, a Liberian government official whose first wife was Angie Brooks. Her husband, Speaker of the Liberian House",
"psg_id": "19297186"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "or resources to mail invitations to an event advocating for his re-election, a violation of section 57 of the Michigan Campaign Finance Act. As a result, Banks was required to personally reimburse the Michigan House of Representatives for the materials and labor misused. In December 2016, Brian Banks filed a motion to have Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette's office disqualified from the case, again claiming that the charges brought against him were politically motivated collusion between Pamela Sossi and the Attorney General, timed to ensure Banks lost his bid for re-election. Wayne County Circuit Judge Michael Hathaway dismissed Banks motion,",
"psg_id": "17661839"
},
{
"title": "Andrew Banks",
"text": "(World presidents' Organisation) following on from membership of YPO (Young presidents' Organisation) which he joined in 1988. Together with Geoff Morgan, Andrew Banks has authored four books on recruiting: Banks resides with his wife in Los Angeles, where his children and their families live. In 2015, Andrew Banks, together with Geoff Morgan, was voted equal first in an industry poll of The 5 Most Influential People in the Recruitment Industry in the past 60 years. In 2014, Andrew Banks and Geoff Morgan were inaugural inductees to the Recruitment International (Australia) Recruitment Industry Hall of Fame, for individuals who have made",
"psg_id": "18938126"
},
{
"title": "Nick Banks",
"text": "of Pulp's performances in Sheffield and eventually joined the group in 1986. He joined because they were his favourite band. Banks also played drums in a Sheffield-based band called Pollinates. Since 2007 he has been managing Banks Pottery, a family-owned business which was previously run by his mother. He also plays regularly in Sheffield's Everly Pregnant Brothers and remains a member of Pulp. Nick Banks Nicholas David Banks (born 28 July 1965 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire) is the English drummer in the British band, Pulp. He lives in Sheffield with his wife Sarah and two children, Jackson and Jeannie. He",
"psg_id": "5814161"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "to $200,000, or even funding for the entire campaign, but not in great detail. Banks claimed to have suggested a single $25,000 donation, which could remain anonymous. Later, Banks thanked Dotcom for his support over the phone. He never discussed Dotcom's donation with his campaign team. Results were declared on 14 October, confirming Banks' loss to Len Brown. After the campaign Lance Hutchison, JP, a volunteer member of Banks' campaign team, completed the electoral return. Hutchison decided which donations to record as anonymous, including all five of the $25,000 donations the campaign received. Unlike Banks, Hutchison had no way of",
"psg_id": "2979682"
},
{
"title": "Joseph Banks",
"text": "Parkinson and appear in Banks' Florilegium, finally published in 35 volumes between 1980 and 1990. Banks arrived back in England on 12 July 1771 and immediately became famous. He intended to go with Cook on his second voyage, which began on 13 May 1772, but difficulties arose about Banks' scientific requirements on board Cook's new ship, \"Resolution\". The Admiralty regarded Banks' demands as unacceptable and without prior warning withdrew his permission to sail. In July of the same year he and Daniel Solander visited the Isle of Wight, Iceland and the western islands of Scotland. aboard \"Sir Lawrence\" and returned",
"psg_id": "509371"
},
{
"title": "Jeff Banks (musician)",
"text": "the \"Billboard\" magazine Gospel Albums chart, \"Lord Lift Me Up\" in 1984, 1987's \"Caught up in the Rapture\", 1989's \"The Storm Is Over\", \"He's All over Me\" in 1993. Banks was born on June 7, 1927 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, as Jeff Willie Banks. His brother, Charles O. Davis, was born two years later, which both of them were mentored in music as soloist by Mary Johnson Davis from 1947 until 1953. They departed to for the Famous Banks Brothers, and relocated to Newark, New Jersey, where they were both compelled to become ministers by God and start and lead their",
"psg_id": "18700522"
},
{
"title": "Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia",
"text": "of the suspected thief fired at them, striking Doyle in the chest and killing him instantly. Although the wife was arrested and tried for the murder, she was acquitted. Officer Doyle was a veteran of the Civil War, having served in the US Navy, and had been with the MPD for five years. He was 38 years old at the time of his death and was survived by his wife and three children. He was buried in Congressional Cemetery. The MPD also has the unique historical fact of having arrested a sitting U.S. President. During his presidency, Ulysses S. Grant",
"psg_id": "4320779"
},
{
"title": "Gordon Banks (musician)",
"text": "Lifetime\", which included unfinished recordings Gaye had done between 1971 and 1982. Among the 1982 recordings included leftover \"Midnight Love\" tracks such as \"Sanctified Lady\", which was essentially a demo, with Harvey Fuqua adding in background vocalists, and Banks adding in electro-funk influences. Banks produced another unfinished \"Midnight Love\" track, \"Masochistic Beauty\", which was a biographical account of Gaye's penchant for S&M. Banks played vocoder background vocals on the track. Banks also finished production on a 1978 demo, \"Savage in the Sack\". David Ritz later contended that Gaye wouldn't have wanted the songs to be released but due to CBS",
"psg_id": "11166991"
},
{
"title": "Grand Banks of Newfoundland",
"text": "which resulted in extensive damage to transatlantic cables and generated a rare Atlantic tsunami that struck the south coast of Newfoundland and eastern Cape Breton Island, claiming 28 lives in the Burin Peninsula. Technological advances in fishing such as large factory ships and sonar, as well as geopolitical disputes over territorial sea and exclusive economic zone (EEZ) boundaries, have led to overfishing and a serious decline in the fish stocks of the Grand Banks from around 1990. Canada's EEZ currently occupies the majority of the Grand Banks except for the lucrative \"nose\" (eastern extremity, near the Flemish Cap) and \"tail\"",
"psg_id": "2221166"
},
{
"title": "Doug Banks",
"text": "his show to American Urban Radio Networks and renamed it \"The Doug Banks Show\". Banks also hosted some editions of \"NASCAR Now\" on ESPN2. He also made a guest appearance on the sitcom \"My Wife and Kids\" as Tom Miller, a friend of Michael Kyle who is tragically killed after being hit by a taxi (offscreen). The death of Tom makes Michael paranoid and overly sensitive about his own life. Banks died from complications of diabetes and kidney failure on April 11, 2016. Banks is survived by a wife, three daughters and a son. Doug Banks Calvin Douglas \"Doug\" Banks",
"psg_id": "5644385"
},
{
"title": "Peter Blackmore (politician)",
"text": "Peter Blackmore (politician) Peter Terrence Blackmore (born 11 February 1945) is an Australian politician and former Mayor of the City of Maitland. Born to George and Kathleen Blackmore, he attended Newcastle Technical High School and became a salesman, covering fields such as real estate and catering. From 1974 to 1990, he owned a service station. Blackmore has two daughters with his second wife, Lynette Ruth Steel. He also has two sons Rodney and Simon peter with his first wife. In 1986 he was elected Mayor of Maitland, a position he held until 1990, and was reelected to the position of",
"psg_id": "14822928"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "campaign signs. During the 2012 Primary Election, Brian Banks was evicted from a home in Harper Woods at 19239 Berden by landlord Michele Wood, who took him to court three times for writing bad checks and not paying rent. After the 2012 General Election, Brian Banks was evicted from his Harper Woods home at 20927 Fleetwood when he bounced two checks to landlord Dan Sylvester. In 2013, Brian Banks was sued for sexual harassment by his Legislative Aide, Mr. Tramaine Cotton. According to Tim Bowlin, director of the House Business Office, the state paid $85,622 to the Dickinson Wright law",
"psg_id": "17661836"
},
{
"title": "Sydney Banks",
"text": "a variety of different industries. While in the eighties and nineties Banks cut back on his business activities to look after his ailing wife Shirley, he remained in close touch with the film business, and, after Shirley's passing, on January 6, 1995, he resumed full-time activities in film and television. In 1998 he was executive producer of the Canadian film \"Heart of the Sun\", whose cast included Christianne Hirt, Michael Riley and Graham Greene, and which was produced by his company Ennerdale Productions. Banks also maintained a home in Palm Springs, California. Syd Banks died in Toronto on November 14,",
"psg_id": "9178562"
},
{
"title": "Pasco banks",
"text": "and sailfish. Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\" S latitude and 174°",
"psg_id": "15038227"
},
{
"title": "Pasco banks",
"text": "Pasco banks The Pasco Banks refers to a naturally occurring geological and marine formation in the south Pacific Ocean. The Pasco Banks is a long ridge-like seamount that rises from about 200 m to within 30 m of the ocean's surface. Covered in patchy coral reef, it attracts large schools of baitfish, mainly rainbow runner, which in turn are preyed upon by larger predatory fishes. This abundance of fish has made the Pasco Banks a popular and reliable fishing location for hundreds of years. The Pasco Banks seamount formation is located 13° 05' 00\" S latitude and 174° 25' 00\"",
"psg_id": "15038223"
},
{
"title": "Nathaniel P. Banks",
"text": "Waltham's Central Square, and Banks Street in New Orleans is named after him, as is Banks Court in Chicago's Gold Coast neighborhood. The incorporated village of Banks, Michigan was named for him in 1871. The Gale-Banks House, his home in Waltham from 1855 to his death, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Nathaniel P. Banks Nathaniel Prentice (or Prentiss) Banks (January 30, 1816 – September 1, 1894) was an American politician from Massachusetts and a Union general during the Civil War. A millworker by background, Banks was prominent in local debating societies, and his oratorical skills were",
"psg_id": "1327447"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "Ballots. Ultimately, Brian Banks was able to take advantage of unusually low voter turnout to utilize his political and financial network to guide Yancey to a 198-vote victory, ensuring that she would replace him in the Michigan House of Representatives due to the voter registration of the District. In August 2017, Brian Banks filed candidate paperwork to run for the Michigan State Senate 2nd District seat in anticipation of a resignation by Bert Johnson, who has been federally indicted for corruption. According to the invitation obtained by the Detroit News, Banks is set to kick off his campaign with a",
"psg_id": "17661853"
},
{
"title": "Brian Banks (politician)",
"text": "independently waived by the Superintendent and School Board. During the 2012 General Election, the Grosse Pointe Democrats refused to endorse Brian Banks, despite his request for the endorsement and the fact that he was the Democratic candidate. During Brian Banks tenure in the Michigan House of Representatives, members of the Michigan Democratic Party had over 190 pieces of legislation signed into law. Despite being Chairman of the Detroit Caucus, 91 percent of Brian Banks bills died in committee during the same period of time. Only 2 of his bills ever received votes on the floor and neither passed into law.",
"psg_id": "17661846"
},
{
"title": "1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results",
"text": "1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics – Results These are the results of the 1990 Ibero-American Championships in Athletics which took place from 14 to 16 September 1990 at Vila Olímpica in Manaus, Brazil. Heat 1 – 16 September<br> Wind: +0.5 m/s Heat 2 – 16 September<br> Wind: +0.5 m/s Final – 16 September<br> Wind: +1.2 m/s Heat 1 – 15 September<br> Wind: -1.1 m/s Heat 2 – 15 September<br> Wind: -1.1 m/s Final – 15 September<br> Wind: +0.3 m/s Heat 1 – 14 September<br> Heat 2 – 14 September<br> Final Standings – 14 September<br> There was no proper 400m final.",
"psg_id": "18660440"
},
{
"title": "Norman Banks (bishop)",
"text": "Norman Banks (bishop) Norman Banks (born 4 April 1954) is an Anglican bishop. Since 2011, he has been the Bishop of Richborough, the provincial episcopal visitor for the eastern half of the Church of England Province of Canterbury. Banks was born on 4 April 1954. He studied at Oriel College, Oxford before then studying for ordination at St Stephen's House, Oxford. He was an assistant curate at Christ Church and St Ann's, Newcastle from 1982 to 1987 and priest in charge until 1990. He was Vicar of St Paul's, Whitley Bay, from 1990 until 2000. Latterly he was Vicar of",
"psg_id": "15614437"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "time, rumours suggested that he might return to national politics, standing as a candidate either for the National Party or ACT New Zealand. Several meetings took place between Banks and senior ACT members. In the end, however, Banks declined to become an ACT candidate. In February 2005, Banks returned to talkback radio reprising his \"Breakfast with Banksie\" early morning radio show on Radio Pacific. Banks has expressed many views that were homophobic. When hosting a talk back radio show, a caller said that \"six inches of barbed wire shoved up gay mens arses\" which John Banks retorted, would be a",
"psg_id": "2979668"
},
{
"title": "Freddie Banks",
"text": "is still behind that three-point line.\" In 2010, Banks was also inducted into the Southern Nevada Sports Hall of Fame. As of 2018, Banks was Head Boy's Basketball Coach at Canyon Springs High School, in Las Vegas, with his wife and seven children. Freddie Banks Freddie Banks (born March 6, 1965) is an American former collegiate and professional basketball player. Banks attended the University of Nevada, Las Vegas and is a member of the UNLV Athletics Hall of Fame. Banks was the first pick of the second round (#24 overall) of the 1987 NBA Draft by the Detroit Pistons. Banks",
"psg_id": "20643634"
},
{
"title": "J. B. Banks",
"text": "for which he received five years probation, 300 hours of court-ordered community service, and a prohibition from holding any elected or appointed office while on probation. In 2003, he died at a Las Vegas hospital's emergency room of natural causes at the age of 79. J. B. Banks J. B. \"Jet\" Banks (c. 1924 - October 12, 2003) was an American Democrat politician who served in the Missouri Senate and in the Missouri legislature for three decades. Banks, the son of a sharecropper, rose to become state senate majority leader, making him Missouri's highest-ranking black elected official. Born in or",
"psg_id": "20740771"
},
{
"title": "Cyril Banks",
"text": "Cyril Banks Colonel Cyril Banks MBE (12 August 1901 – 23 October 1969) was a British engineer, company director, and politician. He was a Conservative Party representative, but his friendship with President Nasser and Egypt led him to sacrifice his career over the invasion of Suez. Banks was born in Sheffield, to a lower-middle-class family. He was sent to a council school, and then became an apprentice in mechanical engineering for five years. In 1922 he went to the University of Sheffield to study, and became an Associate in Mechanical Engineering. Banks was then employed by the Standard Motor Company",
"psg_id": "11047034"
},
{
"title": "Sarah Sophia Banks",
"text": "Sarah Sophia Banks Sarah Sophia Banks (28 October 1744 – 27 September 1818) was an English antiquarian collector and sister and collaborator of botanist Joseph Banks. She collected coins and medals and ephemera which are now historically valuable like broadsheets, newspaper clippings, visiting cards, prints, advertisements and playbills. She was born on 28 October 1744 at 30 Argyll Street in Soho, the daughter of William Banks, the MP for Grampound, and his wife Sarah. She \"discussed questions of plant biology with her brother...\" and \"...influenced him greatly.\" Many \"of her ideas made their way into his writings [and she] also",
"psg_id": "7923832"
},
{
"title": "John Banks (New Zealand politician)",
"text": "Zealand First supporters. There was intense media interest in what was on the recording but the Herald refused to publish the recording – which became known as the Teapot Tape. The ACT Party attracted only 1.07% of the party vote in the election. However, Banks won the Epsom electorate and become the party's sole MP. Party leader Don Brash resigned shortly thereafter and in February 2012, Banks was unanimously voted ACT party leader by the ACT board. Banks served as Minister of Regulatory Reform, Minister for Small Business, Associate Minister of Commerce and Associate Minister of Education in the Fifth",
"psg_id": "2979677"
},
{
"title": "Thomas S. Smith (politician)",
"text": "Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was born on December 14, 1917, and attended Howard University, majoring in education. In the assembly, he was the Deputy Speaker from 1998–2001, Majority Whip from 1996–1998 and the Assistant",
"psg_id": "11872865"
},
{
"title": "William S. Taylor (politician)",
"text": "William S. Taylor (politician) William S. Taylor (1795–1858) was an American politician that served in the Alabama, Mississippi, and Texas State Legislatures, and was Speaker of the Texas House of Representatives briefly in the Seventh Texas Legislature. Taylor, at 62, is the oldest person to assume the office of Speaker of the Texas House. Taylor was born in Georgia in late 1795. After moving to Alabama, Taylor enlisted and fought in the First Seminole War and Second Seminole War, serving as a captain in the latter. He was appointed brigadier general of the Alabama State Militia in 1841, and thereafter",
"psg_id": "9537892"
},
{
"title": "S. S. Chandran",
"text": "his more popular films are: Sahadevan Mahadevan, Thangamani Rangamani, Paati Sollai Thattathey, and Kathanayagan. Chandran has also produced four films. He suffered a heart attack and died on October 9, 2010. He is survived by his wife and daughter. S. S. Chandran S. S. Chandran (; died October 9, 2010) was a comedy actor, producer and politician from Tamil Nadu, India. He belonged to the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam party and was a Member of the Parliament representing Tamil Nadu in the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. His son Rohit has acted in one",
"psg_id": "10615667"
},
{
"title": "Ernie Banks",
"text": "crazy uncle who hung around the house for no apparent reason\", and that team officials anonymously told the press that Banks had been fired because he was unreliable. Soon Banks and the Cubs reconciled and he resumed making appearances on behalf of the team. In 1984, when the Cubs won the NL East division, the club named Banks an honorary team member. At the 1990 Major League Baseball All-Star Game, the first one held at Wrigley Field since Banks' playing days, he threw out the ceremonial first pitch to starting catcher Mike Scioscia. Banks was named to the Major League",
"psg_id": "2263554"
},
{
"title": "Thomas S. Smith (politician)",
"text": "died on September 26, 2002. District 11 Republican County Committee members voted to fill the vacancy created by Smith's death by naming Sean T. Kean to fill the seat. Thomas S. Smith (politician) Thomas S. Smith (December 14, 1917 – September 26, 2002) was an American Republican Party politician, who served in the New Jersey General Assembly from 1992 until his death in 2002, where he represented the 11th legislative district. At the time of his death, Smith was the oldest serving member of the Assembly and was the only African American Republican in the New Jersey Legislature. He was",
"psg_id": "11872867"
},
{
"title": "Peter Banks",
"text": "Peter Banks\". Guest musicians included Akkerman, bassist John Wetton, drummer Phil Collins, guitarist Steve Hackett and fellow Flash members Ray Bennett and Mike Hough. Around the summer of 1973, Banks played with the jazz-rock band called Zox & the Radar Boys, including Phil Collins (drums) and his mate from the Flaming Youth days Ronnie Caryl on guitar, Mike Piggott (violin) and John Howitt (bass). In 1973, Banks tried to form a new band, with singer and soon-to-be-wife, Sydney Foxx (real name Sidonie Jordan). Named Empire, Banks, Foxx, and various other band members recorded three albums up to 1979 which were",
"psg_id": "2580118"
}
] | [
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in what year did saddam hussein become president of iraq? | [
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "became President, and Saddam became his deputy. In 1979, Saddam Hussein displaced General Bakr, and a little more than a year later, he ordered Iraqi troops to invade Iran, starting the Iran–Iraq War that would continue until 1988. Iraq's 1990 Invasion of Kuwait led to the 1991 Gulf War. In 1998, Saddam halted Iraqi cooperation with the United Nations Special Commission weapons inspections imposed on Iraq after the Gulf War, and kept U.N. inspectors out until 2002. In March 2003, the United States led an invasion of Iraq that quickly toppled the government. Saddam fled the capital of Baghdad shortly",
"psg_id": "13540303"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the trial as a show trial that did not meet international standards on the right to a fair trial. Amnesty International stated that the trial was",
"psg_id": "6269265"
},
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "up a tribunal to try him and absolve themselves completely?\" Journalist Mohamad Bazzi wrote in 2014 that Hussein's trial and execution deepened sectarianism in Iraq: Trial of Saddam Hussein The Trial of Saddam Hussein was the trial of the deposed President of Iraq Saddam Hussein by the Iraqi Interim Government for crimes against humanity during his time in office. The Coalition Provisional Authority voted to create the Iraqi Special Tribunal (IST), consisting of five Iraqi judges, on 9 December 2003, to try Saddam Hussein and his aides for charges of war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. Critics viewed the",
"psg_id": "6269294"
},
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "challenged by journalist Solomon Hughes, writing: \"You might remember that we invaded Iraq because Saddam did have WMD, but was pretending he didn't. Now it turns out we invaded Iraq because Saddam did not have WMD, but pretended he did.\" How did Saddam let the world believe Iraq had WMD by denying he had WMD? How does this story work? It doesn't, because the [Associated Press] report is false. FBI agent Pinto's actual record of a casual conversation with Saddam reads: \"Even though Hussein claimed Iraq did not have WMD, the threat from Iran was a major factor as to",
"psg_id": "13540311"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka",
"text": "mosque. After the capture of Saddam by United States military forces, the villagers of Saddam Hussein Village were critical of the U.S. policy in Iraq. Among the comments recorded by the BBC were: 127 Muslims were murdered at three villages, including Saddam Hussein Village, about 10 August 1990, allegedly by the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to",
"psg_id": "3880431"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "2 August 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait, initially claiming assistance to \"Kuwaiti revolutionaries,\" thus sparking an international crisis. On 4 August an Iraqi-backed \"Provisional Government of Free Kuwait\" was proclaimed, but a total lack of legitimacy and support for it led to an 8 August announcement of a \"merger\" of the two countries. On 28 August Kuwait formally became the 19th Governorate of Iraq. Just two years after the 1988 Iraq and Iran truce, \"Saddam Hussein did what his Gulf patrons had earlier paid him to prevent.\" Having removed the threat of Iranian fundamentalism he \"overran Kuwait and confronted his Gulf",
"psg_id": "403277"
},
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "age of 20, Saddam Hussein joined the nascent Ba'ath Party, which was founded on a socialist form of Pan-Arabism. After participating in an unsuccessful 1959 assassination attempt on then Prime Minister of Iraq Abd al-Karim Qasim, Saddam became a fugitive, and eventually fled to Syria and then Egypt. Following the Ba'athists overthrow of the prime minister in the February 1963 Iraqi coup d'état, and the counter-coup half a year later, Saddam was jailed in Iraq from 1964 to 1966. The Ba'ath party returned to power after another successful coup in 1968. General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, a relative of Saddam Hussein,",
"psg_id": "13540302"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka",
"text": "Saddam Hussein Nagar, Sri Lanka Saddam Hussein Town () is the name of a village exclusively inhabited by local Muslims in the Batticaloa district of Sri Lanka. It is named after Saddam Hussein, former President of Iraq, who donated all the funds required to build the village and its central Mosque. Saddam Hussein first became involved in the village after floods hit the area in 1978 and local authorities approached the Iraqi embassy for help. The former president was said to have readily obliged and sponsored construction of the entire village with some 100 houses, including a school and a",
"psg_id": "3880430"
},
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "why he did not allow the return of the UN inspectors. Hussein stated he was more concerned about Iran discovering Iraq's weaknesses and vulnerabilities than the repercussions of the United States for his refusal to allow UN inspectors back into Iraq.\" So in 1998 Saddam resisted the UN weapons inspectors because he did not want to look weak in front of Iran, with whom he had fought a vicious eight-year war. This is not the same as pretending to have WMD. Saddam did not want to look like he could be pushed around by the UN lest his neighbours scent",
"psg_id": "13540312"
},
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "weakness, but his government repeatedly—and accurately—denied having WMD. The chronology of the reported meetings between Piro and Saddam in 2004: Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by",
"psg_id": "13540313"
},
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein The Interrogation of Saddam Hussein began shortly after his December 2003 capture, while the deposed President of Iraq was held at the United States Camp Cropper detention facility at Baghdad International Airport. Beginning in February 2004, the interrogation program, codenamed Operation Desert Spider, was controlled by Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) agents. Standard FBI FD-302 forms filed at the time were declassified and released in 2009 under a U.S. Freedom of Information Act request filed by the National Security Archive. Saddam, identified as \"High Value Detainee #1\" in the documents, was the subject of 20 \"formal",
"psg_id": "13540298"
},
{
"title": "February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview",
"text": "uncensored unprepared debate televised worldwide where both American and Iraqi Presidents sitting in their respective countries would discuss their nation's problems. He also said Dan Rather could moderate the debate. This never happened. February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month.",
"psg_id": "6540754"
},
{
"title": "February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview",
"text": "February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview The Saddam interview refers to a famous television interview that occurred between President of Iraq Saddam Hussein and American news anchor Dan Rather on February 24, 2003, very shortly before the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. The interview was aired both in the United States and on all three Iraqi television networks. British politician Tony Benn had also interviewed Saddam earlier that month. Rather and \"CBS Evening News\" executive producer Jim Murphy were driven around Baghdad for 45 minutes and switched cars on two separate occasions to keep Saddam's position secret. The interview was held at",
"psg_id": "6540751"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "31 December 2006. He was buried 3 km (2 mi) from his sons Uday and Qusay Hussein. His tomb was reported to have been destroyed in March 2015. Before it was destroyed, a Sunni tribal group reportedly removed his body to a secret location, fearful of what might happen. In August 1995, Raghad and her husband Hussein Kamel al-Majid and Rana and her husband, Saddam Kamel al-Majid, defected to Jordan, taking their children with them. They returned to Iraq when they received assurances that Saddam would pardon them. Within three days of their return in February 1996, both of the",
"psg_id": "403308"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation . The consensus of",
"psg_id": "4952329"
},
{
"title": "Execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "host Jim Lehrer, that Saddam's execution \"looked like it was kind of a revenge killing.\" Bush said he was \"disappointed and felt like they fumbled the—particularly the Saddam Hussein—execution. It reinforced doubts in people's minds that the Maliki government and the unity government of Iraq is a serious government. ... And it sent a mixed signal to the American people and the people around the world.\" Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special",
"psg_id": "9407847"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "it was \"all okay\".'\" Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS). In the lead up to the Iraq War, U.S. President George W. Bush alleged that Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda might conspire to launch terrorist attacks on the United States, basing the administration's rationale for war, in part, on this allegation",
"psg_id": "4952440"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "On the other two occasions, the Committee concluded, Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qaeda operative. The intelligence community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qaeda and Iraq. On the more specific question of whether Saddam Hussein was behind the attacks of September 11, 2001, the consensus view is that there is no credible evidence of his government's involvement. On March 20, 2006, President Bush made clear that his administration did not have any evidence to prove Saddam played a role in those attacks. The Bush Administration sought to link the Iraqi dictator to Islamist radicals",
"psg_id": "4952333"
},
{
"title": "Hussein Kamel al-Majid",
"text": "Iraq in 1990. He married one of Saddam Hussein's daughters, Raghad Saddam, and lived in Iraq until 1995. On 7 August of that year, Kamel and his wife defected from Iraq, along with Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, and the brother's wife, Rana Saddam, another of Saddam Hussein's daughters. In a 21 September 1995 interview with CNN, Hussein Kamel explained: This is what made me leave the country, the fact that Saddam Hussein surrounds himself with inefficient ministers and advisers who are not chosen for their competence but according to the whims of the Iraqi president. And as a result of",
"psg_id": "2611762"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "us and flatter us. We have now grasped the reality of the situation. If the trickery continues, we will be forced to unmask them, all of them, before the French public.\" France armed Saddam and it was Iraq's largest trade partner throughout Saddam's rule. Seized documents show how French officials and businessmen close to Chirac, including Charles Pasqua, his former interior minister, personally benefitted from the deals with Saddam. Because Saddam Hussein rarely left Iraq, Tariq Aziz, one of Saddam's aides, traveled abroad extensively and represented Iraq at many diplomatic meetings. In foreign affairs, Saddam sought to have Iraq play",
"psg_id": "403253"
},
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Iraq. The first trial began before the Iraqi Special Tribunal on 19 October 2005. At this trial Saddam and seven other defendants were tried for crimes against humanity with regard to events that took place after a failed assassination attempt in Dujail in 1982 by members of the Islamic Dawa Party (see also human rights abuses in Iraq under Saddam Hussein). A second and separate trial began on 21 August 2006, trying Saddam and six co-defendants for genocide during the Anfal military campaign against the Kurds of northern Iraq. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging.",
"psg_id": "6269268"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "found hiding in a hole in the ground near a farmhouse in ad-Dawr, near Tikrit. Following his capture, Saddam was transported to a U.S. base near Tikrit, and later taken to the American base near Baghdad. Documents obtained and released by the National Security Archive detail FBI interviews and conversations with Hussein while he was in U.S. custody. On 14 December, U.S. administrator in Iraq Paul Bremer confirmed that Saddam Hussein had indeed been captured at a farmhouse in ad-Dawr near Tikrit. Bremer presented video footage of Saddam in custody. Saddam was shown with a full beard and hair longer",
"psg_id": "403300"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "board such as that lad, Mansour.\" He was later sacked by Al-Jazeera. In 2002, Austrian prosecutors investigated Saddam government's transactions with Fritz Edlinger that possibly violated Austrian money laundering and embargo regulations. Fritz Edlinger, president of the \"General Secretary of the Society for Austro-Arab relations\" (GÖAB) and a former member of Socialist International's Middle East Committee, was an outspoken supporter of Saddam Hussein. In 2005, an Austrian journalist revealed that Fritz Edlinger's GÖAB had received $100,000 from an Iraqi front company as well as donations from Austrian companies soliciting business in Iraq. In 2002, a resolution sponsored by the European",
"psg_id": "403293"
},
{
"title": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "lesson and, like Iran, should only trust the will of their people and not corrupt powers.\" Mahathir bin Mohamad, Former Prime Minister of Malaysia said \"On the Holy day of Eid, the world watched in horror at the barbaric lynching of President Saddam Hussein of Iraq, allegedly for crimes against humanity. This public murder was sanctioned by the War Criminals, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair.\" Terry Davis, Secretary General of the Council of Europe, an international organization of which almost all European states are members, made an official statement condemning the execution: \"The trial of Saddam Hussein was a",
"psg_id": "19615392"
},
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "On 26 December, Saddam's appeal was rejected and the death sentence upheld. No further appeals were taken and Saddam was ordered executed within 30 days of that date. The date and place of the execution were secret until the sentence was carried out. Saddam Hussein was executed by hanging on 30 December 2006. With his death, all other charges were dropped. The 67-year-old, President Saddam Hussein appeared confident and defiant throughout the 46-minute hearing. Alternating between listening to and gesturing at the judge Rizgar Mohammed Amin, he questioned the legitimacy of the tribunal set up to try him. He called",
"psg_id": "6269269"
},
{
"title": "Rana Hussein",
"text": "Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is Raghad and younger sister is Hala Hussein. In 1986, she married Saddam Kamel al-Majid, brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid, her elder sister Raghad's husband, she has four children. She accompanied her husband to Jordan in 1995, where she lived from August 8 of that year to February 20, 1996. They returned to Iraq after receiving assurances from Saddam Hussein that he would pardon Kamel and his brother,",
"psg_id": "3369522"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Kuwaitis but Iraq \"would not accept death\". U.S. officials attempted to maintain a conciliatory line with Iraq, indicating that while George H. W. Bush and James Baker did not want force used, they would not take any position on the Iraq–Kuwait boundary dispute and did not want to become involved. Later, Iraq and Kuwait met for a final negotiation session, which failed. Saddam then sent his troops into Kuwait. As tensions between Washington and Saddam began to escalate, the Soviet Union, under Mikhail Gorbachev, strengthened its military relationship with the Iraqi leader, providing him military advisers, arms and aid. On",
"psg_id": "403276"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Iran, first attacking Mehrabad Airport of Tehran and then entering the oil-rich Iranian land of Khuzestan, which also has a sizable Arab minority, on 22 September 1980 and declared it a new province of Iraq. With the support of the Arab states, the United States, and Europe, and heavily financed by the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Saddam Hussein had become \"the defender of the Arab world\" against a revolutionary Iran. The only exception was the Soviet Union, who initially refused to supply Iraq on the basis of neutrality in the conflict, although in his memoirs, Mikhail Gorbachev claimed",
"psg_id": "403260"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Iraq continues to flaunt its hostility toward America and to support terror.\" After the passing of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1441, which demanded that Iraq give \"immediate, unconditional and active cooperation\" with UN and IAEA inspections, Saddam allowed U.N. weapons inspectors led by Hans Blix to return to Iraq. During the renewed inspections beginning in November 2002, Blix found no stockpiles of WMD and noted the \"proactive\" but not always \"immediate\" Iraqi cooperation as called for by UN Security Council Resolution 1441. With war still looming on 24 February 2003, Saddam Hussein took part in an interview with CBS",
"psg_id": "403296"
},
{
"title": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "I knew they wanted to administer the sentence before the end of the year, but why on the Muslim holiday? People are executed all over the world, but what happened in Baghdad on the first day of Eid al-Adha was unthinkable. I didn't believe it was happening\", he said. \"In the end, no one will ever forget the circumstances and the way in which Saddam was executed. They turned him into a martyr, and the problems in Iraq remained.\" Muammar Gaddafi, Leader of Libya said that \"Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war held by the US occupation forces, and",
"psg_id": "19615390"
},
{
"title": "Vice President of Iraq",
"text": "Iraq which deemed their abolition unconstitutional. The Ba'athist regime of Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and Saddam Hussein also used the office of Vice President. However, the post was not as influential as the Vice Chairmen of the Revolutionary Command Council. Vice Presidents were appointed at the discretion of the President. Vice President of Iraq Iraq has three vice presidents or deputy presidents, although a debate is ongoing about a political reform to abolish their posts. The office of Vice-President was historically largely ceremonial but prestigious. In post-war Iraq, the Constitution of Iraq, in its \"Transitional Guidelines,\" creates a three-member Presidency (or",
"psg_id": "7857184"
},
{
"title": "Refugees of Iraq",
"text": "safe area. On February 15, 1991, President George H.W Bush called upon the Iraqi people to overthrow Saddam Hussein, which did not occur until 2003 under the administration of his son, President George W. Bush, and incited the recent Iraq War. Refugees from Iraq have increased in number since the US-led invasion into Iraq in March 2003. After Saddam Hussein fell in 2003, over 30,000 refugees returned home within two years. But by 2006, they were fleeing again due to sectarian violence that culminated with the al-Askari mosque bombing in February 2006. The US occupation and ethnic conflict among Iraqis",
"psg_id": "9394083"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "been discussed by two witnesses, Iraqi Judge Munir Haddad and Iraqi national security adviser Mowaffak al-Rubaie. The accounts of the two witnesses are contradictory as Haddad describes Saddam as being strong in his final moments whereas al-Rubaie says Saddam was clearly afraid. Not long before the execution, Saddam's lawyers released his last letter. A second unofficial video, apparently showing Saddam's body on a trolley, emerged several days later. It sparked speculation that the execution was carried out incorrectly as Saddam Hussein had a gaping hole in his neck. Saddam was buried at his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, on",
"psg_id": "403307"
},
{
"title": "Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq",
"text": "Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights organizations have documented government-approved executions, acts of torture and rape for decades since Saddam",
"psg_id": "1639248"
},
{
"title": "My Year in Iraq",
"text": "refused to defend Saddam Hussein's regime. A number of important issues are raised in the book including the capture of Saddam Hussein, the First Battle of Fallujah, and the crisis of Muqtada al-Sadr. My Year in Iraq My Year in Iraq: The Struggle to Build a Future of Hope is a memoir by ambassador Paul Bremer, Administrator of the Coalition Provisional Authority. Published in the United States on 9 January 2006 it covers the period between May 2003 to July 2004. Bremer takes the readers through his struggle with Iraq's leaders to build democratic institutions. He also describes negotiations with",
"psg_id": "18758609"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "know I didn't say that there was a direct connection between September the 11th and Saddam Hussein.\" Bush reaffirmed the White House position in even stronger terms in a press conference on 21 August 2006. Ken Herman of Cox News asked, \"What did Iraq have to do with ... the attack on the World Trade Center?\" Bush replied, \"Nothing.\" Bush elaborated on his answer and added, \"Nobody has ever suggested that the attacks of September the 11th were ordered by Iraq.\" Opponents of his Iraq policy charged that his statement was inconsistent with his letter to Congress of March 21,",
"psg_id": "4952346"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Kamel",
"text": "1995, he defected from Iraq with his brother and their wives. His brother gave information to UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6 about Iraq's weapons of mass destruction. In 1996, they returned to Iraq believing they had been pardoned for their actions; however, the brothers were executed in a prolonged gun battle shortly after they returned. Saddam Kamel Saddam Kamel Hassan al-Majid (1956-1996) was the second cousin and son-in-law of deposed Iraqi President Saddam Hussein. He was married to Rana Hussein and was the brother of Hussein Kamel al-Majid (who was also married to a daughter of Saddam, Raghad Hussein). He",
"psg_id": "3479565"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "became president. Arif dismissed and arrested the Ba'athist leaders later that year in the November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état. Being exiled in Egypt at the time, Saddam played no role in the 1963 coup or the brutal anti-communist purge that followed; although he returned to Iraq after the coup, Saddam remained \"on the fringes of the newly installed Ba'thi administration and [had] to content himself with the minor position of a member of the Party's central bureau for peasants,\" in the words of Efraim Karsh and Inari Rautsi Unlike during the Qasim years, Saddam remained in Iraq following Arif's anti-Ba'athist",
"psg_id": "403229"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "to suffer losses from human wave attacks by Iran. By 1982, Iraq was on the defensive and looking for ways to end the war. At this point, Saddam asked his ministers for candid advice. Health Minister Dr. Riyadh Ibrahim suggested that Saddam temporarily step down to promote peace negotiations. Initially, Saddam Hussein appeared to take in this opinion as part of his cabinet democracy. A few weeks later, Dr. Ibrahim was sacked when held responsible for a fatal incident in an Iraqi hospital where a patient died from intravenous administration of the wrong concentration of potassium supplement. Dr. Ibrahim was",
"psg_id": "403262"
},
{
"title": "Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq",
"text": "Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \"bitter history\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \"responsible for most of the atrocities committed against the Assyrians in particular, due to proximity and a long tradition",
"psg_id": "3142379"
},
{
"title": "Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq",
"text": "the goals of various Iraqi regimes, causing violence to break out when political negotiations broke down: Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq were often lacking to various degrees among the various regimes that ruled the country. Human rights abuses in the country predated the rule of Saddam Hussein. Assyrian historian Eden Naby writes that the relations between Assyrians and Kurds have been marked by a \"bitter history\", since Kurdish tribal chiefs in Iraq, southeastern Turkey, northeastern Syria, and northwest Iran regularly attacked and plundered Christian tribes, and during World War I Kurds were \"responsible for most",
"psg_id": "3142397"
},
{
"title": "Human rights in pre-Saddam Iraq",
"text": "November 1963 in a military coup led by a small group of officers. For the next five years power shifted among the officers until 1968, when another coup brought the Baath back to power. When the Baathists came back to power, two men, Saddam Hussein and Bakr, increasingly dominated the party. Although Bakr was the older and more prestigious of the two, by 1969 Saddam \"clearly had become the moving force behind the party.\" Human rights violations in Iraq often came from conflicts between the country's rulers and members of distinct ethnic communities, especially the Kurds and Shiite Arabs, although",
"psg_id": "3142395"
},
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "in trial proceedings by the removal of a judge mid-trial, exclusion of members of the defense team at points in the trial, assassination of multiple members of the defence team, and the closure of the trial before the defence team had completed presenting its legal case. In the opening statement of the Jury of Conscience of the World Tribunal on Iraq, keynote speaker Arundhati Roy retorted, \"Saddam Hussein is being tried as a war criminal even as we speak. But what about those who helped to install him in power, who armed him, who supported him—and who are now setting",
"psg_id": "6269293"
},
{
"title": "House of Saddam",
"text": "is overthrown. During a holiday celebrating Iraq's \"victory\" over Iran, the Kamel brothers cross the border to Jordan with their wives, Raghad and Rana Hussein. The women, Saddam's daughters, warn their husbands of the potential consequences should Saddam discover their absences. Meanwhile, at a holiday party, Uday rapes a waitress. Qusay realises that his sisters are missing and notifies Saddam. In Jordan, King Hussein grants the self-exiled group asylum just as Saddam declares them traitors in Iraq. Hussein Kamel plans to oust Saddam with Western support, and to reveal state secrets once installed as president. His plans are undermined when",
"psg_id": "12246112"
},
{
"title": "Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq",
"text": "was largely the product of the pervasive secret police and systematic use of torture. Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights. Secret police, state terrorism, torture, mass murder, rape, deportations, forced disappearances, assassinations, chemical warfare, and the destruction of southern Iraq's marshes were some of the methods the country's Ba'athist government used to maintain control. The total number of deaths related to torture and murder during this period are unknown. Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International issued regular reports of widespread imprisonment and torture. Human rights",
"psg_id": "1639255"
},
{
"title": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "and Poland expressed approval of the execution. A spokesman for Poland's president said, \"justice has been meted out to a criminal who murdered thousands of people in Iraq.\" In the United States, President George W. Bush made a statement, \"Bringing Saddam Hussein to justice will not end the violence in Iraq, but it is an important milestone on Iraq's course to becoming a democracy that can govern, sustain, and defend itself.\" Celebration in the United States occurred in at least one location in Dearborn, Michigan, at the corner of Warren and Greenfield, a heavily Shi'a Iraqi-American community. In Iran, members",
"psg_id": "19615398"
},
{
"title": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein were varied. Some strongly supported the execution, particularly those personally affected by Saddam's actions as leader. Some of these victims wished to see him brought to trial for his other actions, alleged to have resulted in a much greater number of deaths than those for which he was convicted. Some believed the execution would boost morale in Iraq, while others feared it would incite further violence. Many in the international community supported Saddam being brought to justice but objected in particular to the use of capital",
"psg_id": "19615376"
},
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "a few FBI agents who spoke Arabic fluently. Saddam was led to believe that his interrogator was a high-ranking U.S. government official with direct access to U.S. President George W. Bush, when in reality he was in a relatively low-level position at the time. Piro discussed the interrogation process during an interview on the television news magazine \"60 Minutes\" in January 2008. In an official statement, a senior FBI official in Piro’s chain of command characterized the perceived success of their interrogation of Saddam Hussein as one of the agency's top accomplishments in its 100-year history. In 1957, at the",
"psg_id": "13540301"
},
{
"title": "CIA activities in Iraq",
"text": "President George W. Bush's 2003 State of the Union address to support waging a preventive war against Iraq. See Iraq 2007 investigations for the aftermath of this claims and disclosures about them. Kenneth Pollack, a former National Security Council expert on Iraq, who generally supported the use of force to remove Saddam Hussein, told Seymour Hersh that what the Bush administration did was \"... dismantle the existing filtering process that for fifty years had been preventing the policymakers from getting bad information. They created stovepipes to get the information they wanted directly to the top leadership... They always had information",
"psg_id": "11899115"
},
{
"title": "Execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "flawed trial and marks a significant step away from the rule of law in Iraq.\" Amnesty International issued a statement that it \"opposed the death penalty in all circumstances but it was especially egregious when this ultimate punishment is imposed after an unfair trial.\" Two days before the execution, the International Federation of Human Rights released a statement calling upon the Head of State to issue a moratorium on the death sentence pronounced against Saddam Hussein by hanging. The organization also said Saddam should be treated as a prisoner of war under the Geneva Conventions. Juan Cole said that the",
"psg_id": "9407843"
},
{
"title": "Interrogation of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Hussein, translated from Arabic to English by the FBI. Some of these quotes were highlighted in secondary source accounts of the reports, including these (grouped by subject in rough chronological order): A number of press reports describe the Iraqi dictator admitting to a catastrophic miscalculation, having misled the United States into believing Iraq still possessed biological and chemical weapons. According to the \"Associated Press\": \"Saddam Hussein told an FBI interviewer before he was hanged that he allowed the world to believe he had weapons of mass destruction because he was worried about appearing weak to Iran\". This interpretation has been",
"psg_id": "13540310"
},
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "19 October Trial Saddam appeared defiant. He rejected the tribunal's legitimacy and independence from the control of the foreign occupation. \"I do not respond to this so-called court, with all due respect to its people, and I retain my constitutional right as the president of Iraq\", Saddam declared. He added, \"Neither do I recognize the body that has designated and authorized you, nor the aggression because all that has been built on false basis is false.\" When the judge asked for his name, Saddam refused, stating \"I am the president of the Iraq\". He returned the question, asking Kurdish judge",
"psg_id": "6269278"
},
{
"title": "Execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "al-Neda, denies this claim. Mowaffak al-Rubaie, Iraq's security advisor, stated, \"I oversaw the whole process from A-Z and Saddam Hussein's body was not stabbed or mutilated, and he was not humiliated before execution.\" Saddam's body was buried in his birthplace of Al-Awja in Tikrit, Iraq, near family members, including his two sons Uday and Qusay Hussein, on 31 December 2006 at 04:00 local time (01:00 GMT). His body was transported to Tikrit by a U.S. military helicopter. Saddam was handed over from Iraqi Government possession to Sheikh Ali al-Nida, the late head of the Albu Nasir tribe and governor of",
"psg_id": "9407838"
},
{
"title": "Iraq War in Anbar Province",
"text": "Hussein, Saddam's family considered interring him in Ramadi because of the improved security situation. On 30 December, an unknown number of loyalists near Ramadi staged a march carrying pictures of Saddam Hussein and waving Iraqi flags. In his State of the Union Address on 23 January 2007, President Bush announced plans to deploy more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq in what became known as the Surge. Four thousand were specifically earmarked for Anbar, which Bush acknowledged had become both an AQI haven and a center of resistance against AQI. Instead of deploying new units, the Marine Corps",
"psg_id": "12474263"
},
{
"title": "Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "Afghanistan to meet with bin Laden. Three intelligence agencies tell ABC News they cannot be certain what was discussed, but almost certainly, they say, bin Laden has been told he would be welcome in Baghdad. This story is repeated by CNN on 13 February. The article reports that \"Iraqi President Saddam Hussein has offered asylum to bin Laden, who openly supports Iraq against the Western powers.\" Indeed, intelligence agencies tracked contacts between Iraqi agents and Al Qaeda agents in the '90s in Sudan and Afghanistan, where bin Laden is believed to have met with Farouk Hijazi, head of Iraqi intelligence.",
"psg_id": "8048185"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "regions of Iraq led by the government of Saddam Hussein and headed by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The campaign takes its name from Surat al-Anfal in the Qur'an, which was used as a code name by the former Iraqi Ba'athist administration for a series of attacks against the \"peshmerga\" rebels and the mostly Kurdish civilian population of rural Northern Iraq, conducted between 1986 and 1989 culminating in 1988. This campaign also targeted Shabaks and Yazidis, Assyrians, Turkoman people and Mandeans and many villages belonging to these ethnic groups were also destroyed. Human Rights Watch estimates that between 50,000 and 100,000 people",
"psg_id": "403270"
},
{
"title": "Timeline of Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "President Clinton ordered a four-day bombing campaign of Iraq, known as Operation Desert Fox, the Arabic language daily newspaper \"Al-Quds Al-Arabi\" speculated in an editorial that President Saddam Hussein, whose country was subjected to a four-day air strike, will look for support in taking revenge on the United States and Britain by cooperating with Saudi oppositionist Osama bin Laden, whom the United States considers to be the most wanted person in the world. Saddam Hussayn and Usama bin Ladin have sealed a pact. Faruk Hidjazi, the former Director of the Iraqi Secret Services and now the country's Ambassador to Turkey,",
"psg_id": "8048182"
},
{
"title": "Execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Salaheddin, to be buried. He was buried about three kilometers (2 mi) from his two sons in the same cemetery. Saddam Hussein's grave, in a family plot, was dug into the floor of an octagonal, domed building he had built in the 1980s for religious festivals. Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad Hussein, under asylum in Jordan, had asked that \"his body be buried in Yemen temporarily until Iraq is liberated and it can be reburied in Iraq\", a family spokesperson said by telephone. The family also said his body might be buried in Ramadi, citing safety concerns, though there are no",
"psg_id": "9407839"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "indicated that there was only one meeting between representatives of Saddam Hussein and representatives of al-Qaeda. These findings also identified two occasions \"not reported prior to the war, in which Saddam Hussein rebuffed meeting requests from an al-Qa'ida operative. The Intelligence Community has not found any other evidence of meetings between al-Qa'ida and Iraq.\" Conclusion 3: \"Prewar Intelligence Community assessments were inconsistent regarding the likelihood that Saddam Hussein provided chemical and biological weapons (CBW) training to al-Qa'ida. Postwar findings support the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) February 2002 assessment that Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi was likely intentionally misleading his debriefers when he",
"psg_id": "4952417"
},
{
"title": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "years\", said Iraqi Oil Minister Hussain al-Shahristani. \"The execution of Saddam Hussein is a big crime. Saddam Hussein was a prisoner of war and was arrested by the U.S. forces, and not by the Iraqi government. It is a crime with which they wanted to cover up many things\", a Sunni politician, Khalaf al-Ulayyan said. \"I don't think it will make much difference because the situation has deteriorated to such an extent that very drastic measures have to be taken to confront the militias and restore law and order\", said Adnan Pachachi. \"Of course, he has some supporters in Iraq—some",
"psg_id": "19615380"
},
{
"title": "2003 invasion of Iraq",
"text": "September 2003, \"The Boston Globe\" reported that \"Vice President Dick Cheney, anxious to defend the White House foreign policy amid ongoing violence in Iraq, stunned intelligence analysts and even members of his own administration this week by failing to dismiss a widely discredited claim: that Saddam Hussein might have played a role in the 11 Sept. attacks.\" A year later, presidential candidate John Kerry alleged that Cheney was continuing \"to intentionally mislead the American public by drawing a link between Saddam Hussein and 9/11 in an attempt to make the invasion of Iraq part of the global war on terror.\"",
"psg_id": "1635269"
},
{
"title": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "a 34-year-old candy store owner in Baghdad and a Shi'a who lost his uncle due to Saddam, commented, \"He's gone, but our problems continue. We brought problems on ourselves after Saddam because we began fighting Shi'a on Sunni and Sunni on Shi'a.\" Other Iraqis expressed outrage and viewed Saddam as a martyr. \"The president, the leader Saddam Hussein is a martyr and God will put him along with other martyrs. Do not be sad nor complain because he has died the death of a holy warrior\", said Sheik Yahya al-Attawi, a cleric at a mosque. Protests occurred in Samarra, where",
"psg_id": "19615385"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Saddam Hussein might be wrong, but it is not America who should correct him.\" A shift was, therefore, clearly visible among many Islamic movements in the post war period \"from an initial Islamic ideological rejection of Saddam Hussein, the secular persecutor of Islamic movements, and his invasion of Kuwait to a more populist Arab nationalist, anti-imperialist support for Saddam (or more precisely those issues he represented or championed) and the condemnation of foreign intervention and occupation.\" Saddam, therefore, increasingly portrayed himself as a devout Muslim, in an effort to co-opt the conservative religious segments of society. Some elements of Sharia",
"psg_id": "403288"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "early on in the aftermath of the September 11th attacks. President Bush allegedly made the case to Tony Blair as early as September 14, 2001, although Blair urged him not to pursue the claim. In addition, Bush received on September 21, 2001, a classified President's Daily Brief (PDB), indicating the U.S. intelligence community had no evidence linking Saddam Hussein to the September 11th attacks and that \"there was scant credible evidence that Iraq had any significant collaborative ties with Al Qaeda.\" Vice President Dick Cheney had told \"Meet the Press\" on December 9, 2001, that Iraq was harboring Abdul Rahman",
"psg_id": "4952334"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "in question during the weeks following the fall of Baghdad and the conclusion of the major fighting of the war. Various sightings of Saddam were reported in the weeks following the war, but none was authenticated. At various times Saddam released audio tapes promoting popular resistance to his ousting. Saddam was placed at the top of the \"U.S. list of most-wanted Iraqis\". In July 2003, his sons Uday and Qusay and 14-year-old grandson Mustapha were killed in a three-hour gunfight with U.S. forces. On 13 December 2003, in Operation Red Dawn, Saddam Hussein was captured by American forces after being",
"psg_id": "403299"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein's novels",
"text": "Saddam Hussein's novels Saddam Hussein, the late President of Iraq, wrote four novels and a number of poems. The first two books (\"Zabibah and the King\" and \"The Fortified Castle\") were \"Written by He Who Wrote It\", a traditional way in Arabic writing to preserve anonymity. Zabibah and the King ( ') also transliterated Zabiba and the King\"', written in 2000, is a novel that the CIA believes was written by Saddam Hussein, probably with the help of some ghostwriters. The plot is a love story about a powerful ruler of medieval Iraq and a beautiful commoner girl named Zabibah.",
"psg_id": "7845141"
},
{
"title": "Raghad Hussein",
"text": "Raghad Hussein Raghad Hussein (born 2 September 1968) is a daughter of Saddam Hussein, the former president of Iraq. In 1983, Raghad was married to Hussein Kamel al-Majid, a high-profile Iraqi defector who shared weapons secrets with UNSCOM, the CIA and MI6. Kamel was killed, along with his brother, by fellow-clan members, who declared them traitors. Saddam had allegedly made it clear that although he had pardoned both Kamel and his brother, they would lose all status, and would not receive any protection. Raghad's sister, Rana Hussein, was married to Hussein Kamel's brother, Saddam Kamel, who suffered the same fate.",
"psg_id": "3481468"
},
{
"title": "House of Saddam",
"text": "Miniseries or Movie and Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or Movie (Shohreh Aghdashloo), winning the latter. House of Saddam House of Saddam is a 2008 drama that charted the rise and fall of Saddam Hussein. A co-production between BBC Television and HBO Films, the series was first broadcast on BBC Two (in the United Kingdom) in four parts between 30 July and 20 August 2008. A pre-title sequence is set in March 2003, showing Saddam watching the broadcast of President George W. Bush's ultimatum to leave Ba'athist Iraq within forty-eight hours. As the bombing of Baghdad commences, Saddam and",
"psg_id": "12246121"
},
{
"title": "Reactions to the execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "those who put pressure on every country, including Turkey, for years to abolish the death sentence.\" Hamas called the execution of Saddam a \"political assassination.\" Saudi Arabia expressed \"surprise and dismay\" and regretted the \"politicisation\" of the trial. A Reuters reporter based in Afghanistan cited a top Taliban commander saying the death of Saddam Hussein \"will boost the morale of Muslims. The jihad in Iraq will be intensified and attacks on invader forces will increase.\" Fauzan Al Anshori, from the Islamic group of Majelis Mujahidin Indonesia, said Bush, too, should stand trial. \"Given the crimes blamed on Saddam, it is",
"psg_id": "19615395"
},
{
"title": "Hussein of Jordan",
"text": "that Israel had been selling American weapons to Iran, thereby lengthening the conflict between Iraq and Iran, both supporters of the PLO. The relationship between Hussein and Saddam became very closeHussein visited Baghdad 61 times between 1980 and 1990, and Saddam used Hussein to relay messages to several countries, including the US and Britain. In June 1982, after Iran's victory seemed imminent, Hussein personally carried to Saddam sensitive photographic intelligence forwarded to him by the US. In return, Saddam provided incentives for Jordanian exports to Iraq, which accounted for a quarter of all Jordan's exports, valued at $212.3million in 1989.",
"psg_id": "857220"
},
{
"title": "Hussein of Jordan",
"text": "Iraqi aid helped Jordan's finances; Hussein had felt it humiliating to keep asking Gulf countries for assistance. Hussein made a little-known attempt to heal the rift between the two Ba'ath regimes of Iraq and Syria in April 1986. The meeting between Hafez Al-Assad and Saddam Hussein occurred at an airbase in Al-Jafr in the eastern Jordanian desert. The talks lasted for a day, after which no progress was made. Saddam was angry at Al-Assad for supporting Iran against an Arab country, Iraq, and Al-Assad was adamant about establishing a union between Iraq and Syria, which Saddam rejected. On 11 April",
"psg_id": "857221"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "the Arab world. John Esposito, however, claims that \"Arabs and Muslims were pulled in two directions. That they rallied not so much to Saddam Hussein as to the bipolar nature of the confrontation (the West versus the Arab Muslim world) and the issues that Saddam proclaimed: Arab unity, self-sufficiency, and social justice.\" As a result, Saddam Hussein appealed to many people for the same reasons that attracted more and more followers to Islamic revivalism and also for the same reasons that fueled anti-Western feelings. As one U.S. Muslim observer noted: \"People forgot about Saddam's record and concentrated on America ...",
"psg_id": "403287"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "reassert central control of the mostly Kurdish population of areas of northern Iraq and defeat the Kurdish peshmerga rebel forces. The United States now maintains that Saddam ordered the attack to terrorize the Kurdish population in northern Iraq, but Saddam's regime claimed at the time that Iran was responsible for the attack which some including the U.S. supported until several years later. The bloody eight-year war ended in a stalemate. There were hundreds of thousands of casualties with estimates of up to one million dead. Neither side had achieved what they had originally desired and at the borders were left",
"psg_id": "403267"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Union was adopted by the Commission for Human Rights, which stated that there had been no improvement in the human rights crisis in Iraq. The statement condemned President Saddam Hussein's government for its \"systematic, widespread and extremely grave violations of human rights and international humanitarian law\". The resolution demanded that Iraq immediately put an end to its \"summary and arbitrary executions ... the use of rape as a political tool and all enforced and involuntary disappearances\". Many members of the international community, especially the U.S., continued to view Saddam as a bellicose tyrant who was a threat to the stability",
"psg_id": "403294"
},
{
"title": "Execution of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Execution of Saddam Hussein The execution of Saddam Hussein took place on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him. The Iraqi government released an official videotape of his execution, showing him being led to the gallows, and ending after his head was in the hangman's noose. International public controversy arose when a mobile phone recording of the hanging showed him surrounded by",
"psg_id": "9407829"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "al-Arab waterway, which divides the two countries. During this period, Saddam Hussein publicly maintained that it was in Iraq's interest not to engage with Iran, and that it was in the interests of both nations to maintain peaceful relations. However, in a private meeting with Salah Omar al-Ali, Iraq's permanent ambassador to the United Nations, he revealed that he intended to invade and occupy a large part of Iran within months. Later (probably to appeal for support from the United States and most Western nations), he would make toppling the Islamic government one of his intentions as well. Iraq invaded",
"psg_id": "403259"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "News reporter Dan Rather. Talking for more than three hours, he denied possessing any weapons of mass destruction, or any other weapons prohibited by UN guidelines. He also expressed a wish to have a live televised debate with George W. Bush, which was declined. It was his first interview with a U.S. reporter in over a decade. CBS aired the taped interview later that week. Saddam Hussein later told an FBI interviewer that he once left open the possibility that Iraq possessed weapons of mass destruction in order to appear strong against Iran. The Iraqi government and military collapsed within",
"psg_id": "403297"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "before his execution; he was concerned to ensure his legacy and how the history would be told. The tour was conducted by U.S. Marine Maj. Gen. Doug Stone, overseer of detention operations for the U.S. military in Iraq at the time. On 30 June 2004, Saddam Hussein, held in custody by U.S. forces at the U.S. base \"Camp Cropper\", along with 11 other senior Ba'athist leaders, were handed over legally (though not physically) to the interim Iraqi government to stand trial for crimes against humanity and other offences. A few weeks later, he was charged by the Iraqi Special Tribunal",
"psg_id": "403303"
},
{
"title": "February 2003 Saddam Hussein interview",
"text": "President Bush, Vice President Dick Cheney or Secretary of State Colin Powell for the interview, but the White House only offered other officials for the interview, such as Ari Fleischer and Dan Bartlett. The CBS network deemed these individuals inappropriate for the broadcast, and an American interview was never done. Memorable lines: Saddam invited President Bush to a live TV debate, to which Bush declined. On one occasion Saddam interrupted his translator and corrected his use of the term \"Bush\", instead of \"Mr. Bush\", which Saddam explained was out of respect. Saddam Hussein floated an idea of holding a live",
"psg_id": "6540753"
},
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "long term.\" Saddam was captured by U.S. forces on 13 December 2003. He remained in custody by United States forces at Camp Cropper in Baghdad, along with eleven senior Ba'athist officials. Particular attention was paid during the trial to activities in violent campaigns against the Kurds in the north during the Iran–Iraq War, against the Shiites in the south in 1991 and 1999 to put down revolts, and in Dujail after a failed assassination attempt on 8 July 1982, during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam asserted in his defense that he had been unlawfully overthrown, and was still the president of",
"psg_id": "6269267"
},
{
"title": "1991 uprisings in Iraq",
"text": "1991 uprisings in Iraq The 1991 uprisings in Iraq were a series of popular rebellions in northern and southern Iraq in March and April 1991 in a cease fire of the Persian Gulf War. The mostly uncoordinated insurgency, often referred to as the Sha'aban Intifada among Arabs and as the National Uprising among Kurds, was fueled by the perception that then Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was responsible for systemic social repression and had become vulnerable to regime change. This perception of weakness was largely the result of the outcome of two prior wars: the Iran–Iraq War and the invasion of",
"psg_id": "8677344"
},
{
"title": "Hussein Mjalli",
"text": "Hussein Mjalli Hussein Mjalli (1937 – 12 October 2014) was a Jordanian politician and lawyer. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1989 until 1993. He served as President of the Jordanian Bar Association for several terms. After the capture of Saddam Hussein in Iraq he joined his defence team, while still President of the Jordanian Bar Association. In 2011 he joined the government of Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit as Justice Minister. He resigned the same year. Mjalli was made Chairman of the Jordanian Bar Association in 1970 and remained in office until 1975. He was President",
"psg_id": "18359161"
},
{
"title": "Hussein Mjalli",
"text": "which strengthened the governments suppression of the freedom of the press. Mjalli was involved in the legal defence of Saddam Hussein in 2004. He had been appointed to a 20-member team by Hussein's wife Sajida Talfah. They argued that \"given the invasion of Iraq [had] no legal basis, US-led occupation forces [had] no right to change or cancel the Iraqi constitution\". Mjalli added that \"Iraq, [the] Iraqi people, Iraqi law, and the Iraqi president were hijacked\", concluding that \"the occupation of Iraq was illegal so ipso facto everything that follows is illegal.\" Mjalli considered Saddam Hussein to still be the",
"psg_id": "18359164"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "be 250,000. Saddam's invasions of Iran and Kuwait also resulted in hundreds of thousands of deaths. He acquired the title \"Butcher of Baghdad\". In 2003, a coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq to depose Saddam, in which United States President George W. Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair falsely accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda. Saddam's Ba'ath party was disbanded and elections were held. Following his capture on 13 December 2003, the trial of Saddam took place under the Iraqi Interim Government. On 5 November 2006, Saddam was convicted by",
"psg_id": "403218"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "a population of 2 million next to Iraq's 25) were roughly equal to those of Iraq. Taken together, Iraq and Kuwait sat on top of some 20 percent of the world's known oil reserves; as an article of comparison, Saudi Arabia holds 25 percent. Saddam complained to the U.S. State Department that Kuwait had slant drilled oil out of wells that Iraq considered to be within its disputed border with Kuwait. Saddam still had an experienced and well-equipped army, which he used to influence regional affairs. He later ordered troops to the Iraq–Kuwait border. As Iraq-Kuwait relations rapidly deteriorated, Saddam",
"psg_id": "403273"
},
{
"title": "Rana Hussein",
"text": "Hussein Kamel al-Majid. Despite this promise, before the end of the month, both Kamels were shot and killed by other clan members who declared them traitors. In 1997, her brother Uday Hussein put Rana and her sister Raghad under house arrest for being involved in a plot to assassinate him. On July 31, 2003, she went back to Jordan, where the king, Abdullah, granted her family asylum. Rana Hussein Rana Saddam Hussein (Arabic :رنا صدام حسين) (born 1969) is the second-eldest daughter of the former President of Iraq, Saddam Hussein and his first wife, Sajida Talfah. Her older sister is",
"psg_id": "3369523"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein",
"text": "of the non-Ba'athist faction led by Prime Minister Abd ar-Razzaq an-Naif, whose support had been essential to the coup's success. According to a semi-official biography, Saddam personally led Naif at gunpoint to the plane that escorted him out of Iraq. Arif was given refuge in London and then Istanbul. Al-Bakr was named president and Saddam was named his deputy, and deputy chairman of the Ba'athist Revolutionary Command Council. According to biographers, Saddam never forgot the tensions within the first Ba'athist government, which formed the basis for his measures to promote Ba'ath party unity as well as his resolve to maintain",
"psg_id": "403232"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "to al-Qa'ida.\" (For more information, see Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda timeline for 1995 and December 2005). Several official investigations by U.S. intelligence agencies, foreign intelligence agencies, and independent investigative bodies have looked into various aspects of the alleged links between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. Every single investigation has resulted in the conclusion that the data examined did not provide compelling evidence of a cooperative relationship between the two entities. After the attack on the World Trade Center in 1993, there were several investigations of possible collaboration between Saddam Hussein and the terrorists who attacked the building. Neil Herman, who headed",
"psg_id": "4952379"
},
{
"title": "Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations",
"text": "from Iraq. Daniel Byman's study of state sponsorship of terrorism similarly did not list Iraq as a significant state sponsor, and called the al-Qaeda connection \"a rationale that before the war was strained and after it seems an ever-weaker reed.\" The conclusion of counterterrorism experts Rohan Gunaratna, Bruce Hoffman, and Daniel Benjamin, as well as journalists Peter Bergen and Jason Burke (who have both written extensively on al-Qaeda), has been that there is no evidence that suggests any collaborative relationship between Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda. That was similar to the conclusion of specific investigations by the National Security Council, the",
"psg_id": "4952354"
},
{
"title": "Trial of Saddam Hussein",
"text": "Rizgar Mohammed Amin, \"Who are you? I want to know who you are.\" When Amin addressed Saddam as \"the former president\", Saddam objected emphatically, saying he was still the President of the Republic of Iraq and had not been deposed. The first session of Saddam's trial lasted three hours. The court adjourned the case until 28 November 2005, as some of the witnesses were too frightened to attend, and to allow the defense more time to study evidence. During an interview with the Arab news agency al-Arabiya following the opening of the trial, Saddam's eldest daughter Raghad branded the court",
"psg_id": "6269279"
}
] | [
"one thousand, nine hundred and seventy-nine",
"1979"
] |
who became chair of joint chiefs of staff in 1989? | [
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "as to delegate some of the chairman's responsibilities, particularly resource allocation through the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). General Colin L. Powell (1989–1993) was the first and, as of 2011, the only African American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. General Peter Pace (Vice Chairman 2001–2005; Chairman, 2005–2007) was the first Marine to serve in either position. No woman has ever served on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. A provision in the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act added the Chief of the National Guard Bureau to the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Guard historians called it the \"most significant",
"psg_id": "1600563"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and the National Security Council on military matters. The composition of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is defined by statute and consists of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), the Military Service Chiefs from the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force, and the Chief of the National",
"psg_id": "1600547"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Chairman convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), an advisory body within the Department of Defense comprising the Chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The post of a statutory and permanent Joint Chiefs of Staff chair was created by the 1949 amendments to the National Security Act of 1947. The 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act elevated the",
"psg_id": "2291342"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "be appointed as Chairman and Vice Chairman, pursuant to and respectively, which use the collective term \"armed forces\" rather than listing the eligible services. However no Coast Guard officer has been appointed to either position as of 2016. The Coast Guard does have one officer who was appointed in 2016 to the Joint Staff who currently serves as J6. Joint Chiefs of Staff The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) is a body of senior uniformed leaders in the United States Department of Defense who advise the President of the United States, the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council and",
"psg_id": "1600571"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "July 1942 – 21 March 1949). He was not technically the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\". That post was established and first held by General of the Army Omar Bradley in 1949. The position of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was created by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. The vice chairman is a four-star-general or admiral and, by law, is the second highest-ranking member of the U.S. Armed Forces (after the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff). In",
"psg_id": "1600566"
},
{
"title": "Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "the Chairmain of the Joint Chiefs of Staff was the Chief of the Defence Staff. † denotes people who died in office. The content of this article incorporates material published in the Boletín Oficial del Estado, which is in the public domain in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 of the Spanish Intellectual Property Law. Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted",
"psg_id": "20565020"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Chiefs of Staff acts as the chief military advisor to the President and the Secretary of Defense. In this strictly advisory role, the Joint Chiefs constitute the second-highest deliberatory body for military policy, after the National Security Council and the Homeland Security Council, which includes the President and other officials besides the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs. While serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, or Commandant of the Coast Guard, the salary",
"psg_id": "1600551"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "of service of the three branches of the Pakistan Armed and Defense Services. Each service chief, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, performs their duty directly for the Ministry of Defence. Following the Hamoodur Rahman Commission, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee does not have operational command authority. Instead, the Joint Chief of Staff Committee is a principal military advisory body, and coordinates command operations between the services. The Committee is headed by the four-star officer who is designated as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC). The chairman is the de Jure Commander in chief of all",
"psg_id": "7161859"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "development\" for the National Guard since the Militia Act of 1903. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is, by law, the highest-ranking military officer of the United States Armed Forces, and the principal military adviser to the President of the United States. He leads the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, comprising the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, the Commandant of the United States Marine Corps, the Chief of Naval Operations, the Chief of Staff of the United States",
"psg_id": "1600564"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "is considered a \"de facto\" JCS member for certain purposes and, by statute, is entitled to the same supplemental pay as the Joint Chiefs and is accorded the same privilege of the floor under Senate Rule XXIII(1) during Presidential addresses. The commandant is occasionally invited by the chairman to attend meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Also, in contrast to the Joint Chiefs, who are not in the military's operational chain of command, the commandant is in operational command of his service. As the military of the United States grew in size following the American Civil War, joint military",
"psg_id": "1600553"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Chiefs of Staff does not have operational command of U.S. military forces. Responsibility for conducting military operations goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands and thus bypasses the Joint Chiefs of Staff completely. Today, their primary responsibility is to ensure the personnel readiness, policy, planning and training of their respective military services for the combatant commanders to utilize. The Joint Chiefs of Staff also act in a military advisory capacity for the President of the United States and the Secretary of Defense. In addition, the Chairman of the Joint",
"psg_id": "1600550"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Joint Staff Headquarters located in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. All studies were accepted in March 1976, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee was officially formed with army general Muhammad Shariff becoming its first Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. It is headed by a four-star officer designated as Chairman. , there had been fourteen four-star Pakistan military officers who headed the Committee Secretariat. Altogether, there has been twelve were from the army, one from the Air Force, and two from the Navy have served. The headquarters are known as Joint Staff Headquarters and act as secretariat of JCSC. It is located",
"psg_id": "7161865"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. He also performs all other functions prescribed under or allocates those duties and responsibilities to other officers in the joint staff under his name. The principal deputy to the Chairman is the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VCJCS), another four-star general or admiral, who among many duties chairs the Joint Requirements Oversight Council (JROC). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Joint Staff, led by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star general or admiral. The Joint Staff is an organization composed",
"psg_id": "2291345"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "by the Prime minister and confirmed by the President. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee outranks all other four-star officers; however, he does not have operational command authority over the Armed Forces. In his capacity as chief military adviser, he assists the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defense in exercising their command functions. Technically, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee is the highest military body; and its Chairman joint chiefs serves as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO) to the civilian Prime Minister, Cabinet, National Security Council (its adviser), and the President. The Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"psg_id": "7161867"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "during World War II. The Joint Board had little influence during the war and was ultimately disbanded in 1947. As a counterpart to the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee in the CCS, and to provide better coordinated effort and coordinated staff work for America's military effort, Admiral William D. Leahy proposed a \"unified high command\" in what would come to be called the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Modeled on the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, the JCS' first formal meeting was held on 9 February 1942, to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The official history of",
"psg_id": "1600558"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Chairman acts as principal military adviser to the Prime Minister in the supervision and conduct of joint warfare. Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on",
"psg_id": "7161869"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "from all the five armed services, assisting the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities. They work closely with the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Military Department staffs, and the Combatant Command Staffs. The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is assisted by the Director of the Joint Staff, a three-star officer who assists the chairman with the management of the Joint Staff, an organization composed of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, the Navy and Marine Corps, the Air Force, and the Coast Guard, who have been assigned to assist",
"psg_id": "1600569"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (; JCSC), is an administrative body of senior high-ranking uniformed military leaders of the unified Pakistan Armed Forces who advises the civilian Government of Pakistan, National Security Council, Defence Minister, President and Prime minister of Pakistan on important military and non-military strategic matters. It is defined by statute, and consists of a Chairman, the military chiefs from Army, Navy and the Air Force: all four-star officers appointed by the President, on the advice of the Prime minister. The chairman is selected based on seniority and merit from the Chiefs",
"psg_id": "7161858"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "the absence of the chairman, the vice chairman presides over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He may also perform such duties as the chairman may prescribe. It was not until the National Defense Authorization Act in 1992 that the position was made a full voting member of the JCS. The current vice chairman is General Paul J. Selva, USAF. The Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (SEAC) advises on all matters concerning joint and combined total force integration, utilization, development, and helps develop noncommissioned officers related joint professional education, enhance utilization",
"psg_id": "1600567"
},
{
"title": "Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the combined efforts of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (JCSC), comprising the Chairman, the Chief of",
"psg_id": "4737016"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Guard Bureau, all appointed by the President following Senate confirmation. Each of the individual Military Service Chiefs, outside their Joint Chiefs of Staff obligations, works directly for the Secretary of the Military Department concerned, i.e., Secretary of the Army, Secretary of the Navy, and the Secretary of the Air Force. Following the Goldwater–Nichols Act in 1986, the Joint Chiefs of Staff do not have operational command authority, either individually or collectively, as the chain of command goes from the President to the Secretary of Defense, and from the Secretary of Defense to the Commanders of the Combatant Commands. Goldwater–Nichols also",
"psg_id": "1600548"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Air Force, and the Chief of the National Guard Bureau. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have offices in The Pentagon. The chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, but does not have command authority over them, their service branches or the Unified Combatant Commands. All combatant commanders receive operational orders directly from the Secretary of Defense. The current chairman is General Joseph Dunford, USMC, who began his term on October 1, 2015. On 20 July 1942, Navy Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (20",
"psg_id": "1600565"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)",
"text": "Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel of the Armed Forces. The National Command Authority runs from the President and the Minister of National Defense to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and then to Operational Commands of the service branches, bypassing the",
"psg_id": "11236443"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)",
"text": "either the Navy or the Air Force. The Commandant of the Marine Corps, legally subordinate to the Republic of Korea Navy, can attend the Joint Chiefs of Staff meetings when examining the matter pertaining to the Marine Corps. Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea) The Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Republic of Korea (Korean: 대한민국 합동참모본부, Hanja: 大韓民國 合同參謀本部) is a group of Chiefs from each major branch of the armed services in the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. Unlike the United States counterpart, the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has Operational Control over all military personnel",
"psg_id": "11236445"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were: As the table indicates, each of the members of the original Joint Chiefs was a four-star flag or general officer in his respective service branch. By the end of the war, however, each had been promoted: Leahy and King to Fleet Admiral; Marshall and Arnold to General of the Army. Arnold was later appointed to the grade of General of the Air Force. One of the Joint Chiefs of Staff's committees was the Joint Strategic Survey Committee (JSSC). The JSSC was an extraordinary JCS committee that existed from 1942 until 1947. It was",
"psg_id": "1600560"
},
{
"title": "Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff The Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff () was the highest joint military command body of the Spanish Armed Forces that operated between 1977 and 2005. The Board, subject to the political dependence of the Prime Minister, constituted the highest collegiate body of the chain of military command of Army, the Navy and the Air Force. The Board consisted of a president, selected from among lieutenant generals or admirals of the three branches of the Armed Forces, their chiefs of staff (Army, Navy and the Air Force) and a secretary. The president had to",
"psg_id": "20565018"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Winston Churchill established the Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) during the 1942 Arcadia Conference. The CCS would serve as the supreme military body for strategic direction of the combined US-British Empire war effort. The UK portion of the CCS would be composed of the British Chiefs of Staff Committee, but the United States had no equivalent body. The Joint Board's lack of authority made it of little use to the CCS, although its 1935 publication, Joint Action of the Army and Navy, did give some guidance for the joint operations",
"psg_id": "1600557"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "of senior NCOs on joint battle staffs, and support the chairman's responsibilities as directed. Command Sergeant Major William Gainey, USA, was the first SEAC, serving from October 1, 2005. The current SEAC is Command Sergeant Major John W. Troxell, US Army, who was sworn in by Joint Chiefs Chairman General Joseph Dunford on December 11, 2015, replacing Sergeant Major Bryan B. Battaglia, USMC. The Joint Staff (JS) is a military headquarters staff based at the Pentagon, (with offices in Hampton Roads VA, Ft Leavenworth KS, Lackland AFB TX, Ft Belvoir VA, Fairchild AFB WA, Ft McNair DC) composed of personnel",
"psg_id": "1600568"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "at Chaklala, Rawalpindi. , General Zubair Mahmood Hayat is serving as Chairman Joint chiefs. The federal studies were fully supported by the military and many of the recommendations were implemented in 1980s to improve the joint efforts. Military failure in Bangladesh and war with India in 1971, the federal studies on civil military relations led by the Commission by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman helped establishing the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to coordinate the joint missions and executions of their work altogether during operations. The Chairmanship of Joint Chiefs rotates among the three Inter-Services; the Chairman joint chiefs is appointed",
"psg_id": "7161866"
},
{
"title": "Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge",
"text": "Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge was first approved in February 1963 and has remained unchanged in appearance since then. Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may",
"psg_id": "3475441"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "services of the Pakistan Defense Forces, but he does not have operational authority over combatant forces, which report directly to their Chiefs of Staff. The Joint Staff, is headquartered in Rawalpindi near the vicinity of Naval, Air, GHQ headquarters. The Joint Chief of Staff Committee is composed of all uniformed military personnel from each inter-service, who assist the Chairman to coordinate military efforts. In early 1950s, the recommendations were sent to the government of establishing the joint staff committee, but it was resisted by the Navy as it feared that it would be dominated by the army. As the military",
"psg_id": "7161860"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Committee deals with joint military planning, joint training, integrated joint logistics, and provides strategic directions of the armed forces. Reviews periodically the role, size, and shape of three Inter–Services, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee advise the civilian government on strategic communications, industrial mobilizations plans, and formulating the defence plans. In many ways, the JCSC provides an important link to understand, maintain balance, and resolve conflicts in the civil military relations between military and political circles. In times of peace, the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee's principal functions are to conduct planning of civil–military input; in times of war, the",
"psg_id": "7161868"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "or specified combatant command. Beginning in 2019, the Chairman's statutory term length will increase from two years to a single four-year term, with reappointment only possible in times of war or national emergency. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned",
"psg_id": "2291351"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) is, by U.S. law, the highest-ranking and senior-most military officer in the United States Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the President, the National Security Council, the Homeland Security Council, and the Secretary of Defense. While the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff outranks all other commissioned officers, he is prohibited by law from having operational command authority over the armed forces; however, the Chairman does assist the President and the Secretary of Defense in exercising their command functions. The",
"psg_id": "2291341"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "the next war; the US was always designated \"Blue\" and potential enemies were assigned various other colors. This time, the Joint Board's membership would include the Chiefs of Staff, their deputies, and the Chief of War Plans Division for the Army and Director of Plans Division for the Navy. Under the Joint Board would be a staff called the Joint Planning Committee to serve the Board. Along with new membership, the Joint Board could initiate recommendations on its own initiative. However, the Joint Board still did not possess the legal authority to enforce its decisions. President of the United States",
"psg_id": "1600556"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "the chairman in providing to the Secretary of Defense unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The Joint Staff includes the following departments where all the planning, policies, intelligence, manpower, communications and logistics functions are translated into action. The Joint Chiefs may recognize private citizens, organizations or career civilian government employees for significant achievements provided to the joint community with one of the following decorations/awards. Although the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not an \"ex officio\" member of the JCS like the other service chiefs, Coast Guard officers are legally eligible to",
"psg_id": "1600570"
},
{
"title": "Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge",
"text": "Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge The Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Identification Badge is a United States military badge presented to the members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff upon appointment to position as either a Service Head, Vice Chairman, or Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The decoration is also authorized to staff and support personnel assigned to the Office of the Chairman and the Joint Staff. Individuals may qualify for permanent wear of this badge after being assigned for one year on active duty or two years as a reservist. The",
"psg_id": "3475440"
},
{
"title": "Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "admirals have given a strong criticism of such criterion, expressing their dissatisfaction towards the appointment processes. Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee (CJCSC) is, in principle, the highest-ranking and senior most military officer, typically at four-star rank, in the Pakistan Armed Forces who serves as a principal military adviser to the civilian government led by elected Prime minister of Pakistan and his/her National Security Council. The role of advisement is also extended to the elected members in the bicameral Parliament and the Ministry of Defence. The Chairman leads the meetings and coordinates the",
"psg_id": "4737022"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "was a sub-committee of the War Cabinet, and in addition to the three service chiefs, it had an additional member, in the person of General Sir Hastings Ismay, who acted as its secretary. Subcommittees of the Committee were also formed, including the Joint Planning Staff and Joint Intelligence Committee. The Chiefs of Staff committee was responsible for the overall conduct of the British Armed Forces part of the war effort. When matters required joint Anglo-American decision, the Chiefs of Staff Committee members formed part of the Combined Chiefs of Staff, meeting in concert with their American counterparts, the Joint Chiefs",
"psg_id": "3434896"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "of Staff Committee (JCSC) mechanism with headquartered in MoD. Per the act, the JCSC composed of a chairman, the Chief of Naval Staff, the Chief of Army Staff, and the Chief of Air Staff. It was mandate to have a collective responsibility of national defence and mechanism of plans based on a joint objectives. The chairmanship was to be rotated between each inter-services, irrespective of the personal ranks in each service. Lesson learns and recommendations after the 1971 war with India, all military work, combat coordination, and joint missions are overseen by the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee at the",
"psg_id": "7161864"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "of Staff. The Combined Chiefs of Staff were based in Washington, so for most of the time the Chiefs of Staff were represented at meetings by the British Joint Staff Mission. Following World War II, the Chiefs of Staff Committee was transferred to the Ministry of Defence. In 1955 the Government decided to create the post of Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The post came into existence on 1 January 1956 and the only incumbent was Marshal of the Royal Air Force Sir William Dickson who served until 1 January 1959 when he became the first Chief of",
"psg_id": "3434897"
},
{
"title": "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service branch, with the exception of the Chairman, but does not have operational command authority over their service branches. The Goldwater–Nichols Act of 1986 created the position of VCJCS to assist the Chairman in exercising his duties. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman presides",
"psg_id": "2291481"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award",
"text": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. This award is granted to any Federal Government civilian employee of the Joint Staff, combatant commands, joint organizations reporting to or through the Chairman, or any other Federal Government employee designated by the Chairman for service that far exceeds the contributions and service of others with comparable responsibilities and whose contributions",
"psg_id": "19955378"
},
{
"title": "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "to lower hoist are four five-pointed stars, medium blue on the white, two above the eagle, and two below. The fringe is yellow; the cord and tassels are medium blue and white. The design was approved by Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger on 20 January 1987. Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (VJCS) is, by U.S. law, the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Armed Forces, ranking just below the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Vice Chairman outranks all respective heads of each service",
"psg_id": "2291486"
},
{
"title": "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "over the meetings of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and all other duties prescribed under and may also perform other duties that the President, the Chairman, or the Secretary of Defense prescribes. Although the office of Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered to be very important and highly prestigious, neither the Vice Chairman nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body have any command authority over combatant forces. The chain of command runs from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. The Vice Chairman is nominated",
"psg_id": "2291482"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "circles to bestow on the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff a five-star rank. According to the 2017 Military Pay Table (effective January 1, 2017), basic pay for flag officers is limited by Level II of the Executive Schedule, which is $15,583.20 per month. This includes officers serving as Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Chief of Staff of the Army, Chief of Naval Operations, Chief of Staff of the Air Force, Commandant of the Marine Corps, Commandant of the Coast Guard, Chief of the National Guard Bureau, or commander of a unified",
"psg_id": "2291350"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "and command chief master sergeants) of the combatant commands. Fleet Admiral William D. Leahy, USN, served as the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief from 20 July 1942 to 21 March 1949. He presided over meetings of what was called the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and Leahy's office was the precursor to the post of \"Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff\", created in 1942. The Chairman is nominated by the President for appointment and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. The Chairman and Vice Chairman may not be members of the same armed force",
"psg_id": "2291347"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "of approximately equal numbers of officers contributed by the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force, who have been assigned to assist the Chairman with the unified strategic direction, operation, and integration of the combatant land, naval, and air forces. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is also advised on enlisted personnel matters by the Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chairman, who serves as a communication conduit between the Chairman and the senior enlisted advisors (command sergeants major, command master chief petty officers,",
"psg_id": "2291346"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Chairman from the first among equals to becoming the \"principal military advisor\" to the President and the Secretary of Defense. The Joint Staff, managed by the Director of the Joint Staff and consisting of military personnel from all the services, assists the Chairman in fulfilling his duties to the President and Secretary of Defense, and functions as a conduit and collector of information between the Chairman and the combatant commanders. The National Military Command Center (NMCC) is part of the Joint Staff operations directorate (J-3). Although the office of Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is considered very important",
"psg_id": "2291343"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "\"one of the most influential planning agencies in the wartime armed forces.\" Members included Lieutenant General Stanley D. Embick, U.S. Army, chairman, 1942–1946, Vice Admiral Russell Willson, U.S. Navy, 1942–1945, Vice Admiral Theodore Stark Wilkinson, U.S. Navy, 1946, and Major General Muir S. Fairchild, U.S. Army Air Force, 1942–?. With the end of World War II, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was officially established under the National Security Act of 1947. Per the National Security Act, the JCS consisted of a chairman, the Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (which was established",
"psg_id": "1600561"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award",
"text": "are of a significantly broad scope. Recipients may receive the award only once, and the award cannot be received in conjunction with a Secretary of Defense award for the same service. Recipients of the award receive a medal set (medal, ribbon and lapel pin), a certificate signed by the Chairman and a citation. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award The Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) Joint Distinguished Civilian Service Award (JDCSA). This award is the highest-ranking CJCS civilian service award under the approval authority of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs",
"psg_id": "19955379"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska and the creation of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina was created. Their role and responsibility right now is to implement processes of reform",
"psg_id": "12305570"
},
{
"title": "Chief of Staff, Joint Staff",
"text": "Vice Chief of Staff, as well as numerous departments and special staffs. The \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" supervises the service branches operations of the Japan Self-Defense Forces, and would assume command in the event of a war, but his or her powers are limited to policy formation and defense coordination during peacetime. The chain of Operational Authority runs from the \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" to the Commanders of the several Operational Commands. Each service branch is headed by their respective Chiefs of Staff, who have administrative control over their own services. Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is",
"psg_id": "20618832"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "is $15,583.20 a month, regardless of cumulative years of service completed under section 205 of title 37, United States Code. Although the United States Coast Guard is an armed service (i.e. a branch of the military) pursuant to 14 United States Code, section 1, the Commandant of the Coast Guard is not a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff because the Coast Guard operates under the Department of Homeland Security rather than the Department of Defense, and operates under the Department of the Navy (subordinate to the Chief of Naval Operations) when directed by the President. However, the commandant",
"psg_id": "1600552"
},
{
"title": "Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "belong to the Group of Arms Command or Group \"A\" and was also chief of the Defence High Command, until the dissolution of this body in 1980. The Board also had a General Headquarters, created in 1980 as a result of the dissolution of the Defence High Command, where the organs of aid to the command were integrated. Of the General Headquarters of the JUJEM they depended: After its dissolution, the functions of the Board were assumed by the current Defence Staff. The most important functions entrusted to the Board of Joint Chiefs of Staff were the following: After 1984,",
"psg_id": "20565019"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "created the office of Vice Chairman, and the Chairman is now designated as the principal military adviser to the Secretary of Defense, the Homeland Security Council, the National Security Council and the President. The Joint Staff (JS) is a headquarters staff in the Pentagon, composed of personnel from each of the five armed services, that assists the Chairman and the Vice Chairman in discharging their responsibilities and is managed by the Director of the Joint Staff (DJS), who is a lieutenant general or Navy vice admiral. After the 1986 reorganization of the military undertaken by the Goldwater–Nichols Act, the Joint",
"psg_id": "1600549"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "and transformation of Armed Forces of BiH. Activity is in process and it asks new structures, new rules, new way of thinking and adaption. \"For period from 1918 to 2006, see Chief of the General Staff of Yugoslavia.\" Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Chiefs of Joint Staff of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina are a group of Chiefs that have command over the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina. After the January 2006 abolition of the Army of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Army of Republika Srpska",
"psg_id": "12305571"
},
{
"title": "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Joint Chiefs of Staff and the UK's Chiefs of Staff Committee met as a \"Combined Chiefs of Staff Committee\" around March 2013, the first time since their World War II meetings. This was held in Washington DC. Subsequent meetings were held in London 2014 and in the National Defense University, May 2015. Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President",
"psg_id": "3063685"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "the Army Air Forces noted that although there was \"no official charter establishing this committee...by the end of February it had assumed responsibilities toward the American war effort comparable to the CCS on the combined level.\" On 20 July 1942, Admiral Leahy became the Chief of Staff to the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy (\"\"Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States\"\" is the military title of the U.S. President, per Article II, § 2, of the Constitution), with the chiefs of staff of the services serving under his leadership. The first members",
"psg_id": "1600559"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "and highly prestigious, neither the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, nor the Joint Chiefs of Staff as a body has any command authority over combatant forces. The Goldwater-Nichols Act places the chain of command from the President to the Secretary of Defense directly to the commanders of the Unified Combatant Commands. However the services chiefs do have authority over personnel assignments and oversight over resources and personnel allocated to the combatant commands within their respective services (derived from the service secretaries). The Chairman may also transmit communications to the combatant commanders from the President and Secretary of Defense as well as",
"psg_id": "2291344"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "action between the U.S. Army and U.S. Navy became increasingly difficult. The Army and Navy were unsupportive of each other at either the planning or operational level and were constrained by disagreements during the Spanish–American War in the Caribbean campaigns. The Joint Army and Navy Board was established in 1903 by President Theodore Roosevelt, comprising representatives from the military heads and chief planners of both the Navy's General Board and the Army's General Staff. The Joint Board acting as an \"advisory committee\" was created to plan joint operations and resolve problems of common rivalry between the two services. Yet, the",
"psg_id": "1600554"
},
{
"title": "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "of 1942, Britain and the United States agreed on a worldwide division of strategic responsibility. On 24 March 1942, the U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff were designated as primarily responsible for the war in the Pacific, and the British Chiefs for the Middle East-Indian Ocean region, while the European-Mediterranean-Atlantic area would be a combined responsibility of both staffs. China was designated a separate theater commanded by its chief of state, Chiang Kai-shek, though within the United States' sphere of responsibility. Six days later the Joint Chiefs of Staff divided the Pacific theater into three areas: the Pacific Ocean Areas (POA),",
"psg_id": "3063682"
},
{
"title": "Director of the Joint Staff",
"text": "level of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The Director of the Joint Staff is selected by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, in consultation with the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and subject to the approval of the Secretary of Defense. As with all three- and four-star positions, the Director's appointment is subject to Senate confirmation. The position of Director is considered one of the most desirable billets in the United States military establishment, for the position has historically served as a stepping stone to a four-star billet. As of February 2016, 34 of the",
"psg_id": "12830274"
},
{
"title": "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "the British half. The CCS was constituted from the British Chiefs of Staff Committee and the American Joint Chiefs of Staff, The American unit was created in part to present a common front to the British Chiefs of Staff. It held its first formal meeting on 9 February 1942 to coordinate U.S. military operations between War and Navy Departments. The CCS charter was approved by President Roosevelt 21 April 1942. The American members of the CCS were General George C. Marshall, the United States Army chief of staff, the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Harold R. Stark (replaced early in",
"psg_id": "3063678"
},
{
"title": "Director of the Joint Staff",
"text": "Director of the Joint Staff The Director of the Joint Staff (DJS) is a three-star officer who assists the Joint Chiefs of Staff, a cabinet of senior military officers within the United States Armed Forces who advise the Secretary of Defense and President on military matters. The Director assists the Chairman in managing the Joint Staff and with the management and organization of the staff's members. The Director also chairs meetings of the Operations Deputies, a subsidiary body comprising the Director and a three-star delegate from each service who preview or resolve issues before they are escalated to the four-star",
"psg_id": "12830273"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "limit to how many times an officer can be reappointed to serve as Chairman. Historically, the Chairman has served two terms. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general or admiral while holding office and assumes office on October 1 of odd-numbered years. Although the first Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Omar Bradley, was eventually awarded a fifth star, the CJCS does not receive one by right, and Bradley's award was so that his subordinate, General of the Army Douglas MacArthur, would not outrank him. In the 1990s, there were proposals in Department of Defense academic",
"psg_id": "2291349"
},
{
"title": "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "1942 by Admiral Ernest J. King); and the Chief (later Commanding General) of the Army Air Forces, Lt. Gen. Henry H. Arnold. In July 1942 a fourth member was added, the President's personal Chief of Staff, Admiral William D. Leahy. On the British side the Chiefs of Staff only normally attended during the heads of states' conferences. Instead the British Joint Staff Mission was permanently situated in Washington, D.C. to represent British interests. The British members were a representative of the Prime Minister, in his capacity as Minister of Defence, and the Chiefs of Staff Committee, which consisted of the",
"psg_id": "3063679"
},
{
"title": "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, and the Chief of the Air Staff, or the Washington representative of each. The representative of the Prime Minister was Field Marshal Sir John Dill and after his death Field Marshal Sir Henry Maitland Wilson. The Washington representatives of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, who normally met with the United States members in place of their principals, were the senior officers from their respective services on the British Joint Staff Mission in Washington. In the course of the war, the First Sea Lord was represented by Admiral Sir Charles Little,",
"psg_id": "3063680"
},
{
"title": "Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "to the combatant commanders from the Prime minister and President as well as allocate additional funding to the combatant commanders if necessary. The Chairman is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister; and is finally confirmed by the President. Unlike United States's Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the appointment of Chairman does not need confirmation via majority vote by the Parliament. Although, the appointment needs confirmation from the Prime minister. By statute, the Chairman is appointed as a four-star general, four-star air chief marshal and/or four star admiral. By law required, all four-star officers are required to have",
"psg_id": "4737018"
},
{
"title": "Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Army Staff and Chief of Air Staff and the Chief of Naval Staff, Commandant of Marines, DG Strategic Plans Division, and commanders of the service branches in the paramilitary command. Even as the Principal Staff Officer (PSO), the Chairman does not have any authority over the command of the combatant forces. The individual service chiefs are solely responsible for the coordination and logistics of the armed and combatant forces. Due to this constraint, the chiefs of army, air force, navy and marines are much in command and control of their respected commands. The Chairman's mandate is to transmit strategic communications",
"psg_id": "4737017"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Joint Board accomplished little as its charter gave it no authority to enforce its decisions. The Joint Board also lacked the ability to originate its own opinions and was thus limited to commenting only on the problems submitted to it by the Secretaries of War and Navy. As a result, the Joint Board had little to no impact on the manner in which the United States conducted World War I. After World War I, in 1919 the two Secretaries agreed to reestablish and revitalize the Joint Board. The mission of the General staff was to develop plans for mobilization for",
"psg_id": "1600555"
},
{
"title": "Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "of the Chairman. The Vice Chairman will not be eligible for elevated appointment to Chairman or be appointed to another four-star position unless in times of war or national emergency. The positional color (flag) of the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is white with a diagonal medium blue strip from upper hoist to lower fly. Centered on the flag is an American bald eagle with wings spread horizontally, in proper colors. The talons grasp three crossed arrows. A shield with blue chief and thirteen red and white stripes is on the eagle's breast. Diagonally, from upper fly",
"psg_id": "2291485"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "which, none weren't taken in confidence, and the joint efforts were unsupported at either a planning or operational level, and were also constrained over disagreements during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. Due to lack of complete and comprehensive communication, each services blamed the others for operational failures. As surrendered to India in 1971, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto formed a federal commission chaired by Chief Justice Hamoodur Rahman to conduct federal studies on the failure of the civil-military relations. Recommendations noted in \"Higher Direction of War act\" in the HRC report, it strongly called for the establishment of Joint Chiefs",
"psg_id": "7161863"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "1 November 2018 to provide advice to the Committee on the views of Other Ranks. The current membership of the Chiefs of Staff Committee: The role of the Committee is to provide advice on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. <br> Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head",
"psg_id": "3434899"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "the Defence Staff. The CDS remained as chairman of the committee and was also recognized as the professional head of the British Armed Forces. In 1964, the post of Chief of the Imperial General Staff was discontinued and the Army was thereafter represented by the Chief of the General Staff. Since then, the only major changes have been the appointment of the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff to act as a deputy to the CDS and the inclusion of the Commander, Joint Forces Command on the committee. A Senior Enlisted Advisor to the Chiefs of Staff Committee was appointed on",
"psg_id": "3434898"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff (Canada)",
"text": "Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the Chief of the Air Staff and a Chairman who held a rank one level higher than the service heads. While Unification did not officially take place until 1968, the committee was replaced by the Armed Forces Council in 1964 after",
"psg_id": "5763876"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chiefs of Staff Committee (CSC) is composed of the most senior military personnel in the British Armed Forces who advise on operational military matters and the preparation and conduct of military operations. The committee consists of the Chief of the Defence Staff who is the chairman and professional head of the forces, the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff, who is the vice-chairman and deputy professional head of the armed forces. The Committee also consists of the professional heads of each branch of the armed forces: the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff,",
"psg_id": "3434894"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "military and state's affairs. In the absence of the joint staff mechanism, the defence plans and executions of operations were oversaw by each inter-service which affected the overall performance of the armed forces. Coordination between each inter-service became increasingly difficult. In a thesis written by Pervez Cheema, the 1971 war was fought \"without a purpose and with total lack of coordination between the civil effort and the armed forces, and between four fighting services: the Army, Navy and Air Force.\" Furthermore, the federal studies also noted that the top military brass had alienated the Army, Navy and Air Force. in",
"psg_id": "7161862"
},
{
"title": "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Staff George Marshall came up with the idea of a combined board, and sold it to Roosevelt and together the two sold the idea to Churchill. Churchill's military aides were much less favorable, and general Alan Brooke, the chief of the British Army, was strongly opposed. However, Brooke was left behind in London to handle the daily details of running the British war effort, and was not consulted. As part of Marshall's plan, Roosevelt also set up a Joint Chiefs of Staff on the American side. The combined board was permanently stationed in Washington, where Field Marshall John Dill represented",
"psg_id": "3063677"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff (Canada)",
"text": "the publication of a Defence White Paper which proposed significant changes to the command structure of Canada's armed forces. The position of Chairman was replaced by the position of Chief of the Defence Staff with greatly expanded powers and functions. Chiefs of Staff (Canada) The Chiefs of Staff Committee was a collection of the heads of each military service in Canada prior to the beginning of Unification: the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army and the Royal Canadian Air Force. The Chiefs of Staff Committee consisted of the Chief of the Naval Staff, the Chief of the General Staff, the",
"psg_id": "5763877"
},
{
"title": "Chief of Staff, Joint Staff",
"text": "Chief of Staff, Joint Staff The is the highest-ranking military officer and head of the Operational Authority (command) over the Japan Self-Defense Forces (JSDF). He or she assists the Minister of Defense on all matters with regards to the JSDF, and executes orders of the Minister of Defense, with directions from the Prime Minister. The current \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" is Admiral Katsutoshi Kawano. The \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\" is the head of the , which consists of an Senior Enlisted Advisor to the \"Chief of Staff, Joint Staff\", the Vice Chief of Staff, Joint Staff, an Administrative",
"psg_id": "20618831"
},
{
"title": "Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)",
"text": "Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff by providing information management services that include Joint Staff and Combatant Command records management policy and oversight; forms, directives, and NATO document management; staff action research, archiving, and content",
"psg_id": "11762838"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff (South Korea)",
"text": "Headquarters of each service branch. Currently there are five Operational Commands in the Army, two in the Navy (including the Marine Corps) and one in the Air Force. It was created in May 1954, though there had been Supreme Command of the Armed Forces dating from 1948. All (regular) members of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs are 4-star generals and admirals, though the Deputy Chairman in the past has been 3-star Lieutenant-General or Vice-Admiral intermittently. Traditionally, the Chairman is chosen from the Army (with one previous and one current exceptions as October 2013) while the Deputy Chairman is selected from",
"psg_id": "11236444"
},
{
"title": "Joint Requirements Oversight Council",
"text": "Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, who also serves as the co-chair of the Defense Acquisition Board. The other JROC members are the Vice Chiefs of each military service: Vice Chief of Staff of the Army, Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, Vice Chief of Naval Operations and Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Moreover, the JROC charters Functional Capabilities Boards. These boards are chaired by a JROC-designated chair and, for appropriate topics, co-chaired by a representative of the Milestone Decision Authority. Functional Capabilities Boards are the lead coordinating bodies to ensure that the joint force is",
"psg_id": "8324035"
},
{
"title": "Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "strain in the relation between the civilian government and the military. The four-star admirals in the Pakistan Navy have been notably superseded by the junior army officers, in instances took place in 2005 when Adm. Karim was superseded by junior-most Lt-Gen. Ehsan ul Haq and, in 2011 when Adm. Numan was bypassed in favor of Lt-Gen. Wynne. In 2014, the practice continued by the civil government when Adm. Asif Sandila was bypassed and overlooked when the junior most officer, Lt-Gen. Rashad Mahmood was eventually appointed as Chairman joint chiefs. Due to such preferential treatments given to army department, the retired",
"psg_id": "4737021"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee Admiral Sunil Lanba stated the heads of the three services had \"finally agreed on a permanent chief of staff committee,\" and the matter had been sent to the Defence Ministry for consideration. Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a",
"psg_id": "20972902"
},
{
"title": "Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States)",
"text": "is also bound to protect classified information to protect the security interests of the country and its citizens both at home and abroad, whether they be civilian or military. Joint Staff Information Management Division (United States) The Joint Staff Information Management Division (IMD) is one of two divisions which make up the Joint Staff Secretariat (SJS) of the United States Joint Chiefs of Staff currently located in the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia (USA). The other division is called Actions Division (AD) which manages the daily workflow of the staff. Mission: To support the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff",
"psg_id": "11762845"
},
{
"title": "Combined Chiefs of Staff",
"text": "Combined Chiefs of Staff The Combined Chiefs of Staff (CCS) was the supreme military staff for the United States and Great Britain during World War II. It set all the major policy decisions for the two nations, subject to the approvals of Prime Minister Winston Churchill and President Franklin D Roosevelt. It emerged from the meetings of the Arcadia Conference in Washington, from December 22, 1941 to January 14, 1942. Shortly after Pearl Harbor, Prime Minister Churchill and his senior military staff used Arcadia an opportunity to lay out the general strategy for the war. The American Army Chief of",
"psg_id": "3063676"
},
{
"title": "Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission",
"text": "Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission The Joint Staff Department of the Central Military Commission () is the command organ and the headquarters for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) of China, superseding the former PLA General Staff Department. It was founded on January 11, 2016 under Xi Jinping's military reforms. It is under the absolute leadership of the Central Military Commission. The Department continues PLA Operations Command, Recruitments, Mobilizations, Formation, Trainings and Administration duties. Its Headquarters is located in Beijing and the current chief of Joint staff is General Li Zuocheng. The current deputy chiefs are Lt General",
"psg_id": "19275402"
},
{
"title": "Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)",
"text": "Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of the Naval Staff (( (reporting name as CNS), is a military appointment and a Statutory office held by the four-star rank admiral in the Pakistan Navy, who is nominated and appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and confirmed by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Naval Staff is one of the senior-most appointments in the Pakistan military who is one of the senior members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, providing senior consultation to the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee to act as a",
"psg_id": "13200210"
},
{
"title": "Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee The Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee, is the head of the Chiefs of Staff Committee. The most senior chief of staff is appointed to serve as a chairman until he retires. The current chairman is Admiral Sunil Lanba. Following the end of the Kargil war, Kargil Review Committee found there was a lack of communication between the service branches, and therefore suggested to create a Chief of Defence Staff position. This was however rejected by many members of the military, arguing that only great or imperial powers engaging in power projection",
"psg_id": "20972900"
},
{
"title": "Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)",
"text": "Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan) The Chief of Army Staff () (reporting name: COAS), is a military appointment and statutory office held by the four-star rank army general in the Pakistan Army, who is appointed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan and final confirmation by the President of Pakistan. The Chief of Army Staff is a senior most appointment in the Pakistani military who is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee in a separate capacity, usually consulting with the Chairman joint chiefs to act as a military adviser to the Prime Minister and its civilian government in",
"psg_id": "9078637"
},
{
"title": "Joint Forces Staff College",
"text": "is to educate national security professionals in the planning and execution of joint, multinational, and interagency operations in order to instill a primary commitment to joint, multinational, and interagency teamwork, attitudes, and perspectives. In the 1930s, few officers were qualified, either by training or experience, to engage in joint operations. The demands of World War II brought out the urgent need for joint action by ground, sea, and air forces. To alleviate the friction and misunderstanding resulting from lack of joint experience, the Joint Chiefs of Staff established an Army and Navy Staff College (ANSCOL) in 1943. ANSCOL conducted a",
"psg_id": "8224332"
},
{
"title": "Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army",
"text": "position and became the coordinator deputy of the Chief Commander (). The position is currently held by Rear admiral Habibollah Sayyari, who is second-in-command and deputy of Major general Ataollah Salehi. Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army Joint Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army (), acronymed SEMAJA (), is the chief of staff of Iran's regular military, Islamic Republic of Iran Army (\"Artesh\") with an aim to coordinate its four military branches. The Joint Staff has Central Provost and University of Command and Staff under control. From 1921 to 1998, \"Chairman of Chief of Staff\"",
"psg_id": "19239228"
},
{
"title": "Joint Forces Staff College",
"text": "four-month course that was successful in training officers for joint command and staff duties. ANSCOL, which had been established to meet the immediate needs of war, was discontinued upon its conclusion. A joint committee was appointed to prepare a directive for a new school. This directive, which was approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff on 28 June 1946, established the Armed Forces Staff College (AFSC). Responsibility for the operation and maintenance of its facilities was charged to the Chief of Naval Operations. Following a temporary residence in Washington, D.C., AFSC was established in Norfolk, Virginia, on August 13, 1946.",
"psg_id": "8224333"
},
{
"title": "Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989",
"text": "Structure of the British Armed Forces in 1989 At the end of the Cold War in 1989 the British Armed Forces structure was as follows: In 1989 the British Armed Forces had a peacetime strength of 311,600 men and defense expenditures were 4.09% of GDP. Joint establishments were tri-service units providing services to all three branches of the British Armed Forces/ The Defence Operations Executive, led by the Deputy Chief of the Defence Staff (Commitments) and including the Assistant Chiefs of the Naval, General, and Air Staffs, supervised the Joint Operations Centre which in turn passed orders to the forces",
"psg_id": "20444199"
},
{
"title": "Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "the Chief of the General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. The Chiefs of Staff Committee was initially established as a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence in 1923. It remained as such until the abolition of the CID upon the outbreak of World War II in 1939. The initial composition of the committee was the professional heads of the three services, the First Sea Lord, the Chief of the Imperial General Staff and the Chief of the Air Staff. Each service head took turns being chairman of the committee. During the Second World War the committee",
"psg_id": "3434895"
},
{
"title": "Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee",
"text": "of Pakistan grew in size and political influence increased after the 1965 war with India. Though, the joint coordination mechanism was felt but no steps were taken. Precursors of this body can be found in East Pakistan when Admiral Syed Mohammad Ahsan became the Commander of the Eastern High Command. Law and order was significantly improved under Admiral Ahsan, but before the system fully evolved, Admiral Ahsan tendered his resignation amid political differences with the President Yahya Khan. As the crisis in East Pakistan progressed, following the intervention by India, the top military brass had the full control of the",
"psg_id": "7161861"
},
{
"title": "Chief of the Romanian General Staff",
"text": "the level of the General Staff. The Committee is a deliberative structure, having a consultative role. The Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee meets to discuss important topics with regard to the Romanian Armed Forces’ activity, usually quarterly or whenever necessary. The Chief of General Staff is also the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee. The Gallery of the Chiefs of General Staff consists of 48 Flag and Commissioned Officers in the 1859–2006 timeframe. Chief of the Romanian General Staff The Chief of General Staff () is the highest professional military authority in the Romanian Armed Forces. He is",
"psg_id": "8341519"
},
{
"title": "Chief of the Defence Staff (Spain)",
"text": "Minister of Defence and whose Chairmain was also the Chief of the General Staff. This body assumed all the functions of the EMP when it was suppressed. In 1984, the Joint Chiefs of Staff was institutionalized and the position of Chief of Defence Staff (JEMAD) was created, replacing the Chairman of the Board of Chiefs of Staff. At the same time, the Defence Staff was created to support the JEMAD. The Joint Chiefs of Staff was in force until 2005, when the new National Defence Organic Act created the National Defence Council as an advisory body to the Prime Minister",
"psg_id": "17327424"
}
] | [
"colon powell",
"collin powell",
"secretary powell",
"coat of arms of colin powell",
"colin l. powell",
"general colin powell",
"colin l powell",
"general powell",
"balloonfoot",
"colin luther powell",
"colin powel",
"emily j. miller",
"colin powell",
"colonel powell"
] |
who became leader of the bosnian serbs in 1992? | [
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "Following the Slovenian and Croatian secessions from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1991, the multi-ethnic Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina – which was inhabited by mainly Muslim Bosniaks (44 percent), as well as Orthodox Serbs (32.5 percent) and Catholic Croats (17 percent) – passed a referendum for independence on 29 February 1992. This was rejected by the political representatives of the Bosnian Serbs, who had boycotted the referendum. Following Bosnia and Herzegovina's declaration of independence (which gained international recognition), the Bosnian Serbs, led by Radovan Karadžić and supported by the Serbian government of Slobodan Milošević and the",
"psg_id": "2930328"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War",
"text": "Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against Serbs in the Operation Sana Beginning in 1991, political upheavals in the Balkans displaced about 2,700,000 people by mid-1992, of which over 700,000 of them sought asylum in other European countries. The methods used during the",
"psg_id": "15506681"
},
{
"title": "1992 Bosnian independence referendum",
"text": "such a referendum directly impacted \"the principles of equality among nations and nationalities\". Citizens of the Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina voted for independence in the referendum held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) and Bosnian Croat voters, while Bosnian Serbs largely boycotted the referendum or were prevented by Bosnian Serb authorities from participating. According to the SDS, independence would result in the Serbs becoming \"a national minority in an Islamic state\". It blocked the delivery of ballot boxes with armed irregular units and dropped leaflets encouraging a boycott, although",
"psg_id": "15589456"
},
{
"title": "1992 Bosnian independence referendum",
"text": "1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the rise of ethnic tensions that led to the breakup of Yugoslavia. Independence was strongly favored by Bosniak and Bosnian Croat voters while Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum or were prevented from participating by Bosnian Serb authorities. The total turnout of voters was 63.4%, 99.7% of whom voted for independence. On 3 March, Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and",
"psg_id": "15589446"
},
{
"title": "Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War",
"text": "clear distinction must be drawn between physical destruction and mere dissolution of a group. The expulsion of a group or part of a group does not in itself suffice for genocide. — ECHR quoting the ICJ. Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War Widespread ethnic cleansing accompanied the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–95), as large numbers of Bosnian Muslims (Bosniaks) and Bosnian Croats were forced to flee their homes and were expelled by Bosnian Serbs; some Bosnian Croats also carried out similar campaign against Bosniaks and Serbs. Also, Bosnian Muslims conducted similar acts against Croats in Central Bosnia and against",
"psg_id": "15506689"
},
{
"title": "Serbs in Mostar",
"text": "Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in 1992, during which a majority of them left. With the city's post-war division into Croat and Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) halves, very few Serbs have returned. As a result, its current Serb population, as registered by the 2013 census, numbers 4,421 or about 4.2% of the population of the town. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Serbs from Mostar were merchants and traders. They formed business communities in Vienna, Trieste, Novi Sad, in the Republic of Venice, as well",
"psg_id": "8879347"
},
{
"title": "Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs",
"text": "at the beginning of the Bosnian War in early 1992. Even before the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs began, another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje went unnoticed in the public. Eventually, the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs forced foreign journalists including Tom Gjelten to reconsider their initial judgement about Sarajevo being harmonious. Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one",
"psg_id": "20468809"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "population, and their number was 1,366,104. The total number of Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina continued to reduce, especially after the Bosnian Civil War broke out in 1992. Soon, an exodus of Bosnian Serbs occurred when a large number of Serbs were expelled from central Bosnia, Ozren, Sarajevo, Western Herzegovina and Krajina. According to the 1996 census, made by UNHCR and officially unrecognized, there was 3,919,953 inhabitants, of which 1,484,530 (37.88%) were Serbs. In the territory of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the percentage of Serbs slightly changed, although,their total number reduced. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as",
"psg_id": "5277530"
},
{
"title": "Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War",
"text": "Bosnia along with VRS forces from 1992 up to 1995. In May 1995, the VRS Herzegovina Corps intended to organize an international brigade in eastern Bosnia which gathered between 150 and 600 Greek and Russian mercenaries fighting for 200 German marks monthly. The Greek Volunteer Guard, who were organized in March 1995 with around 100 soldiers, were reported to have taken part in the Srebrenica Massacre, with the Greek flag being hoisted in Srebrenica when the town fell to the Serbs. Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various",
"psg_id": "8859130"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian language",
"text": "mostly expelled from the territory controlled by the Serbs from 1992, but immediately after the war they demanded the restoration of their civil rights in those territories. The Bosnian Serbs refused to make reference to the Bosnian language in their constitution and as a result had constitutional amendments imposed by High Representative Wolfgang Petritsch. However, the constitution of refers to it as the \"Language spoken by Bosniaks\", because the Serbs were required to recognise the language officially, but wished to avoid recognition of its name. Serbia includes the Bosnian language as an elective subject in primary schools. Montenegro officially recognizes",
"psg_id": "1508071"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "been pouring into the country. The JNA armed Bosnian Serbs and the Croatian Defence Force the Herzegovinian Croats. The Bosnian Muslim Green Berets and Patriotic League were established already in fall 1991, and drew up a defense plan in February 1992. It was estimated that 250–300,000 Bosnians were armed, and that some 10,000 were fighting in Croatia. By March 1992, perhaps three quarters of the country were claimed by Serb and Croat nationalists. On 4 April 1992, when Izetbegović ordered all reservists and police in Sarajevo to mobilise, and SDS called for evacuation of the city's Serbs, came the 'definite",
"psg_id": "2930372"
},
{
"title": "Foreign support in the Bosnian War",
"text": "arms smuggling. The TWRA received $350 million from deposits by Saudi Arabia, Iran, Sudan, Turkey, Brunei, Malaysia and Pakistan. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting",
"psg_id": "20384517"
},
{
"title": "Battle of Kupres (1992)",
"text": "from Croatia following the implementation of the Vance plan, it was reorganised into a new Bosnian Serb army. This reorganisation followed the declaration of the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This declaration was later cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. On 27 March,",
"psg_id": "17677456"
},
{
"title": "1992 Bosnian independence referendum",
"text": "Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and in November held a referendum about remaining within Yugoslavia. At the same time it issued the \"Instructions for the Organization and Activities of the Organs of the Serbian People in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Emergency Conditions\" which told SDS officials to form Serb Municipal Assemblies and Crisis Staffs, secure supplies for Serbs, and create extensive communication networks. In January 1992, the assembly declared the creation of the Republic of the Serb People of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its secession. The Bosnian government declared the referendum an unconstitutional and self-proclaimed entity and it was",
"psg_id": "15589451"
},
{
"title": "1992 Bosnian independence referendum",
"text": "Serbian Autonomous Oblasts (SAOs) to later unify them to create a Greater Serbia. As early as September or October 1990, the JNA had begun to arm Bosnian Serbs and organize them into militias. That same year the JNA disarmed the Territorial Defense Force of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (TORBiH). By March 1991, the JNA had distributed an estimated 51,900 firearms to Serb paramilitaries and 23,298 firearms to the SDS. Throughout 1991 and early 1992, the SDS heavily Serbianized the police force in order to increase Serb political control. According to Noel Malcolm, the \"steps taken by Karadžić and",
"psg_id": "15589449"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "the minority due to the genocide conducted against it in World War II\", and it was declared to be a part of Yugoslavia. The Bosnian Serb assembly members advised Serbs to boycott the referendums held on 29 February and 1 March 1992. The turnout to the referendums was reported as 63.7%, with 92.7% of voters voting in favour of independence (implying that Bosnian Serbs, which made up approximately 34% of the population, largely boycotted the referendum). The Serb political leadership used the referenda as a pretext to set up roadblocks in protest. Independence was formally declared by the Bosnian parliament",
"psg_id": "2930355"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "commander Blaž Kraljević and incorporated into the HVO and ARBiH. The Army of Republika Srpska (\"\", VRS) was established on 12 May 1992. It was loyal to Republika Srpska, a Serb breakaway state that sought unification with FR Yugoslavia. Serbia provided logistical support, money and supplies to the VRS. Bosnian Serbs had made up a substantial part of the JNA officer corps. Milošević relied on the Bosnian Serbs to win the war themselves. Most of the command chain, weaponry, and higher-ranked military personnel, including General Ratko Mladić, were JNA. Various paramilitary units were operated during the Bosnian War: the Serb",
"psg_id": "2930367"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "of them ethnic Serbs. The Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina was admitted as a member State of the United Nations on 22 May 1992. From May to December 1992, the Bosnian Ministry of the Interior (BiH MUP), Croatian Defence Council (HVO) and later the Bosnian Territorial Defence Forces (TO RBiH) operated the Čelebići prison camp. It was used to detain 700 Bosnian Serb prisoners of war arrested during military operations that were intended to de-block routes to Sarajevo and Mostar in May 1992 that had earlier been blocked by Serb forces. Of these 700 prisoners, 13 died while in captivity.",
"psg_id": "2930380"
},
{
"title": "1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo",
"text": "Serbs who the first casualties of the Bosnian War are. Bosniaks and Croats consider the first casualties of the war to be Suada Dilberović and Olga Sučić. Serbs consider Nikola Gardović, a groom's father who was killed at a Serb wedding procession on the second day of the referendum, on 1 March 1992 in Sarajevo's old town Baščaršija, to be the first victim of the war. 1992 anti-war protests in Sarajevo On 5 April 1992, in response to events all over Bosnia and Herzegovina 100,000 people of all nationalities turned out for a peace rally in Sarajevo. Serb snipers in",
"psg_id": "18727932"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "Srpska, while another 197,925 had gone to Serbia. According to the data of the Serbian Commissariat for Refugees, up to 1995 Serbia housed 266,000 refugees from Bosnia Herzegovina and a total of 70,000 refugees returned to the country of their origin. After the Yugoslav Wars Serbia became home to the highest number of refugees (which included Bosnian Serbs) and IDPs in Europe. Serbs massively left the capital Sarajevo in early 1996. The 2013 population census registered 1,086,733 Serbs or 30.8% of the total population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnian Serbs are the most territorially widespread nation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.",
"psg_id": "5277521"
},
{
"title": "Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War",
"text": "Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War Four major international peace plans were proposed before and during the Bosnian War by European Community (EC) and United Nations (UN) diplomats before the conflict was settled by the Dayton Agreement in 1995. The Bosnian war which lasted from 1992 to 1995 was fought among its three main ethnicities Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs. Whilst the Bosniak plurality had sought a nation state solely for Bosniaks, the Croats had created an autonomous community that functioned independently of central Bosnian rule, and the Serbs declared independence for the region's eastern and northern regions",
"psg_id": "6771860"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "had convicted 45 Serbs, 12 Croats and 4 Bosniaks of war crimes in connection with the war in Bosnia. The most recent estimates suggest that around 100,000 people were killed during the war. Over 2.2 million people were displaced, making it the most devastating conflict in Europe since the end of World War II. In addition, an estimated 12,000–20,000 women were raped, most of them Bosniak. There is debate over the start date of the Bosnian War. Clashes between Bosnian Muslims, Serbs and Croats started in late February 1992, and \"full-scale hostilities had broken out by 6 April\", the same",
"psg_id": "2930332"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian mujahideen",
"text": "Croatia between the Croatian Army and the breakaway Serb Krajina. Meanwhile, the Bosnian Muslim leadership opted for independence. Serbs established autonomous provinces and Bosnian Croats took similar steps. The war broke out in April 1992. Muslim countries came to support the Bosnian Muslims and an independent Bosnia and Herzegovina. Support came from Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and other Muslim countries. There were also Islamist organizations and Muslim non-profit organizations and charitable trusts that supported the Bosnian Muslims. Muslim foreign fighters joined the Bosnian Muslim side. ICG estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters. Charles R. Shrader estimated up to 4,000. J.",
"psg_id": "11250952"
},
{
"title": "Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs",
"text": "Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs The Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs () refers to the migration of ethnic Serbs from Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, between January and March 1996 after the Dayton Agreement that concluded the Bosnian War (1991–95). The exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was one of many exoduses of Serbs during Bosnian War. Right before this exodus there was another exodus of 17,000 Serbs from Odžak and Vukosavlje. Both of them preceded by massive exodus of more than 250,000 Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm which set precedents for the exodus of Sarajevo Serbs. It was reported on",
"psg_id": "20468805"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "on 3 March 1992. During the referendum on 1 March, Sarajevo was quiet except for a shooting on a Serbian wedding. The brandishing of Serbian flags in the Baščaršija was seen by Muslims as a deliberate provocation on the day of the referendum which was supported by most Bosnian Croats and Muslims but boycotted by most of the Bosnian Serbs. Nikola Gardović, the bridegroom's father was killed while a Serbian Orthodox priest was wounded. Witnesses identified the killer as Ramiz Delalić, also known as \"Celo\", a minor gangster who had become an increasingly brazen criminal since the fall of communism",
"psg_id": "2930356"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "the Serbs. Some individuals from other European countries volunteered to fight for the Croat side, including Neo-Nazis such as Jackie Arklöv, who was charged with war crimes upon his return to Sweden. Later he confessed he committed war crimes on Bosnian Muslim civilians in the Heliodrom and Dretelj camps as a member of Croatian forces. The Bosnians received support from Muslim groups. Pakistan supported Bosnia while providing technical and military support. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) allegedly ran an active military intelligence program during the Bosnian War which started in 1992 lasting until 1995. Executed and supervised by Pakistani General Javed",
"psg_id": "2930370"
},
{
"title": "Migration of the Serbs",
"text": "with Leopold I, who was Holy Roman Emperor and King of Hungary, whereby the Habsburgs granted the Serbs ecclesiastic autonomy and some degree of self-administration, much to the displeasure of the Roman Catholic Church and Hungarian authorities. Leopold recognized Arsenije as the leader of Habsburg Serbs in both religious and secular affairs, and indicated that this power would be held by all future Archbishops. In 1712, Sremski Karlovci became the Patriarchate for Serbs living in the Habsburg Empire. In the early 1890s, Hungarian officials announced plans for a Budapest Millennium Exhibition to be held in 1896; it was intended to",
"psg_id": "18987129"
},
{
"title": "Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia",
"text": "Powers. This left them no choice but to join a union largely dominated by ethnic Serbs, which came to be known as the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Upon its creation, the state was composed of six million Serbs, 3.5 million Croats and 1 million Slovenes. Being the largest ethnic group, the Serbs favoured a centralized state, whereas Croats, Slovenes and Bosnian Muslims did not. Approved on 28 June 1921 and based on the Serbian constitution of 1903, the so-called Vidovdan Constitution established the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes as a parliamentary monarchy under the Serbian Karađorđević dynasty.",
"psg_id": "9043387"
},
{
"title": "1992 Bosnian independence referendum",
"text": "volunteers had attacked the predominantly Croat town of Ravno in September 1991, Bosnian Serb policemen fired upon Bosniak populated areas of Šipovo during which 3,000 Bosniaks fled, and Serb paramilitary units targeted Foča, Višegrad, Zvornik, Bijeljina, and other towns in east Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the month of recognition, the siege of Sarajevo began, by which time the Bosnian Serb Army of Republika Srpska (VRS) controlled 70% of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1992 Bosnian independence referendum An independence referendum was held in Bosnia and Herzegovina between 29 February and 1 March 1992, following the first free elections of 1990 and the",
"psg_id": "15589460"
},
{
"title": "Serbs in Mostar",
"text": "the city administration promised to set aside 100,000 KM (about 50,000 euros) for the reconstruction of the cathedral, and the Ministry of Culture of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity pledged 200,000 convertible marks (about 100,000 euros), while a local attorney, Faruk Ćupina (a Bosnian Muslim), was the first private citizen to donate any money - 10,000 convertible marks (about 5,000 euros). The estimated total cost of the project is 15 million convertible marks (about 7.5 million euros). Serbs in Mostar The Serbs of Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina, numbered about 24,000 at the outbreak of the Bosnian War in",
"psg_id": "8879354"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "of Croatia was created with many concessions on the Serbian side. Serbs in Dalmatia, Slavonia, Krajina and Posavina found themselves in a Croatian entity within Yugoslavia, while virtually no Croats remained in the Serbian federal entity in 1939. Most Bosnian Serbs supported federalist policies of Pribicevic during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During World War II, Bosnian Serbs were put under the rule of the fascist Ustaša regime in the Independent State of Croatia. Under Ustaša rule Serbs along with Jews and Roma people, were subjected to systematic genocide where hundreds of thousands of civilian Serbs were murdered. According to the",
"psg_id": "5277507"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Croatia",
"text": "government. For example, lengthy and in some cases unfair proceedings, particularly in lower level courts, remain a major problem for Serbian returnees pursuing their rights in court. In addition, Serbs continue to be discriminated against in access to employment and in realizing other economic and social rights. Also some cases of violence and harassment against Croatian Serbs continue to be reported. The property laws allegedly favor Bosnian Croats refugees who took residence in houses that were left unoccupied and unguarded by Serbs after Operation Storm. Amnesty International's 2005 report considers one of the greatest obstacles to the return of thousands",
"psg_id": "6889178"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Croatia",
"text": "Serbs, or the Vlachs, who are commonly called the Serbs\"\". Tihomir Đorđević points to the already known fact that the name 'Vlach' didn't only refer to genuine Vlachs or Serbs but also to cattle breeders in general. In the Venetian documents from the late 16th and 17th centuries, the name \"Morlachs\" (another term of Vlachs, first mentioned in the 14th century) was used for immigrants from conquered territory previously of Croatian and Bosnian kingdoms by the Ottoman Empire. They were of both Orthodox and Catholic faith, settled inland of the coastal cities of Dalmatia, and entered the military service of",
"psg_id": "6889134"
},
{
"title": "Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War",
"text": "Foreign fighters in the Bosnian War The Bosnian War attracted large numbers of foreign fighters and mercenaries from various countries. Volunteers came to fight for a variety of reasons including religious or ethnic loyalties and in some cases for money. As a general rule, Bosniaks received support from Islamic countries, Serbs from Eastern Orthodox countries, and Croats from Catholic countries. The presence of foreign fighters is well documented, however none of these groups comprised more than 5 percent of any of the respective armies' total manpower strength. An estimated 2,000–5,000 foreign Muslim fighters fought on the Bosnian side. The Bosnian",
"psg_id": "8859125"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "seated in Pale. The Serb side accepted the proposed ethnic cantonization of Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Carrington-Cutileiro peace plan), as did the Bosniak and Bosnian Croat sides in Lisbon in 1992, in the hope that war would not break out. The Bosniak political leadership under President Alija Izetbegović of Bosnia and Herzegovina subsequently revoked the agreement refusing to decentralize the newly created country based on ethnic lines. The Bosnian Civil War began. Among the Serb population, the war is known as the \"Defensive Fatherland War\". Serbs and the Army of the Serb Republic (VRS) was outnumbered, outgunned, and isolated, faced",
"psg_id": "5277515"
},
{
"title": "Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs",
"text": "voluntarily or forced. Some authors explain that ethnic cleansing of Serbs from Croatia during Operation Storm (silently supported by major powers like United States and Germany) set precedent for the exodus of 150,000 terrified suburban Sarajevo Serbs who did not feel that a Muslim-led Bosnian government or the outside world will guarantee their safety. The Western observers claimed that Serbs used mass exhumations during their exodus from Sarajevo to gain moral victory. Historian Peter Brock explained that even after the 1996 exodus, the Western media still refused to acknowledge the flight of tens of thousands of Sarajevo Serbs that occurred",
"psg_id": "20468808"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "in 1910, the winner was Serbian National Organization. On June 28, 1914, Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip made international headlines after assassinating Arch Duke Francis Ferdinand in Sarajevo. This sparked World War I leading to Austria-Hungary's defeat and the incorporation of Bosnia and Herzegovina into the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During WWI, Serbs in Bosnia were often blamed for the outbreak of the war, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and were subjected to persecution by the Austro-Hungarian authorities, including internment and looting of their businesses, by people who were instigated to ethnic violence. Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs served in Montenegrin and",
"psg_id": "5277501"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian language",
"text": "only legitimate name is \"Bosnian\" language (\"\"), and that that is the name that both Croats and Serbs should use. The controversy arises because the name \"Bosnian\" may seem to imply that it is the language of all Bosnians, while Bosnian Croats and Serbs reject that designation for their idioms. The language is called \"Bosnian language\" in the 1995 Dayton Accords and is concluded by observers to have received legitimacy and international recognition at the time. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO), United States Board on Geographic Names (BGN), and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names (PCGN) recognize the Bosnian",
"psg_id": "1508067"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини / \"Srbi u Bosni i Hercegovini\") are one of the three constitutive nations (State-forming nations) of the country, predominantly residing in the political-territorial entity of Republika Srpska. In the other entity, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbs form the majority in Drvar, Glamoč, Bosansko Grahovo and Bosanski Petrovac. They are frequently referred to as Bosnian Serbs (Serbian and Bosnian: Босански Срби / \"Bosanski Srbi\") in English, regardless of whether they are from Bosnia or Herzegovina. They are also known by regional names such",
"psg_id": "5277474"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "against regular Croatian Army (HV), Croatian Defense Council (HVO), mainly Muslim Army of Bosnia & Herzegovina (ABiH), forces of Autonomous Province of Western Bosnia and NATO airstrikes. Furthermore, Serbs faced weapons embargo, and sanctions from the Western countries, Russia, and even Serbia and FR Yugoslavia under Slobodan Milosevic, who instituted sanctions against the Serb Republic in 1993. Milosevic supported every single peace plan the International Community proposed, even those which did not presuppose the existence of the Serb Republic. Throughout most of the war the Bosnian Serbs fought against both the Bosniaks (\"Muslims\") and the Bosnian Croats. During Bosniak-Croat hostilities",
"psg_id": "5277516"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "for raping two Serbian women. Bosnian commander Sefer Halilović was charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war on the basis of superior criminal responsibility of the incidents during Operation Neretva '93 and found not guilty. Serbs have accused Sarajevo authorities of practicing selective justice by actively prosecuting Serbs while ignoring or downplaying Bosniak war crimes. Dario Kordić, political leader of Croats in Central Bosnia, was convicted of the crimes against humanity in Central Bosnia i.e. ethnic cleansing and sentenced to 25 years in prison. On 29 May 2013, in a first instance verdict, the",
"psg_id": "2930451"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "joined the programme in December 2006. Currently, there are several Serbian political parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Republic of Srpska. The Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), the Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD), and Party of Democratic Progress (PDP) are the most popular parties. SDS was founded in 1990 and is major political parties among Bosnian Serbs, being the most powerful during the Bosnian Civil War (1992–1995). SNSD was founded on pro-European, democratic, federalist, socialist principles, but has later on switched its tendencies into populism and pro-Russian external policies. PDP is Christian democratic, traditionalist, conservative and pro-Europeanist political party. Cultural",
"psg_id": "5277535"
},
{
"title": "Lift and strike (Bosnian War)",
"text": "arms embargo. Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden.",
"psg_id": "11969845"
},
{
"title": "Lift and strike (Bosnian War)",
"text": "Lift and strike (Bosnian War) Lift and strike was the name of an American policy, which sought to improve the chances of a political settlement in the Bosnian War. The idea of the proposal was to lift a United Nations arms embargo in order to allow the poorly armed Bosniaks to arm with imported weapons, thus balancing the conflict, along with the threat of air strikes against the Bosnian Serbs. The policy was initially called for in the summer of 1992 by the then Bosnian President Alija Izetbegović, and later adopted by several US Senators including Joseph Biden. After initially",
"psg_id": "11969838"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "championship while sons Vanja and Nikola became Olympic champions with Serbian team. Other players that represented Serbia with success are Đorđe Đurić, Brankica Mihajlović, Tijana Bošković, Jelena Blagojević, Sanja and Saša Starović. Besides team sports, Bosnian Serbs achieved success and in individual sports such as Slobodan and Tadija Kačar in boxing, Radomir Kovačević, Nemanja Majdov and Aleksandar Kukolj in judo, Milenko Zorić in canoeing, Velimir Stjepanović in swimming, Andrea Arsović in shooting, Andrea Petkovic in tennis, Draženko Mitrović in paralympic athletics, etc. Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina The Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Serbian: Срби у Босни и Херцеговини /",
"psg_id": "5277554"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "to Bosnian-Muslim forces, as well as allowed Iranian-supplied arms to transit through Croatia to Bosnia. However, in light of widespread NATO opposition to American (and possibly Turkish) endeavors in coordinating the \"black flights of Tuzla\", the United Kingdom and Norway expressed disapproval of these measures and their counterproductive effects on NATO enforcement of the arms embargo. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence also played an active role during 1992–1995 and secretly supplied the Muslim fighters with arms, ammunition and guided anti tank missiles to give them a fighting chance against the Serbs. Pakistan defied the UN's ban on supply of arms to Bosnian",
"psg_id": "2930363"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian genocide",
"text": "murdered and the remainder of the population (between 25,000 and 30,000 Bosniak women, children and elderly people) was forced to leave the area. If a wider definition is used, then the number is much larger. According to the ICTY Demographic Unit, an estimated 69.8% or 25,609 of the civilians killed in the war were Bosniak (with 42,501 military deaths), with the Bosnian Serbs suffering 7,480 civilian casualties (15,299 military deaths), the Bosnian Croats suffering 1,675 civilian casualties (7,183 military deaths), amounting to a total of 104,732 casualties, spread between the Bosnian Croats (8.5%), Bosnian Serbs (21.7%), Bosniaks (65%), and others",
"psg_id": "4552023"
},
{
"title": "Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)",
"text": "referendum was in favor of Bosnian Muslims and Bosnian Croats, but of Bosnian Serbs, therefore the Bosnian Serbs boycotted the referendum. The turnout was 64.3% of which 99.7% of the votes were in favor of the Bosnian independence, thus on March 3 1992 the Chairman of the Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina Alija Izetbegovic declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Yugoslav People's Army had a concept of \"Total National Defence\", which gave the army a role to defend the borders from aggressors. According to some sources, the higher officials of the Yugoslav People's Army stated",
"psg_id": "20962971"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "memoirs suggest that Milošević planned for an attack on Bosnia well in advance. On 9 January 1992, the Bosnian Serbs proclaimed the \"Republic of the Serbian People in Bosnia-Herzegovina\" (SR BiH, later Republika Srpska), but did not officially declare independence. The Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference on Yugoslavia in its 11 January 1992 Opinion No. 4 on Bosnia and Herzegovina stated that the independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina should not be recognised because the country had not yet held a referendum on independence. On 25 January 1992, an hour after the session of parliament was adjourned, the parliament called",
"psg_id": "2930352"
},
{
"title": "Serbs in Sarajevo",
"text": "Serbs in Sarajevo The Serbs of Sarajevo numbered 157,526 according to the 1991 census, making up more than 30% of the Sarajevo Metropolitan area (10 pre-war municipalities; Centar, Stari Grad, Novo Sarajevo, Novi Grad, Ilidza, Ilijas, Vogosca, Hadzici, Trnovo, and Pale. Today, following the Bosnian War, few Serbs remain in central areas of Sarajevo; however, many parts of the pre-war metropolitan area are now forming the city of East Sarajevo in Republika Srpska; namely, Pale RS, East Ilidza, East Novo Sarajevo, Trnovo RS, and East Stari Grad. Forcefully, most have either moved abroad, to Serbia or other countries, or moved",
"psg_id": "8952368"
},
{
"title": "Lift and strike (Bosnian War)",
"text": "the arms embargo, so that they could arm their army to resist the Serbs. Izetbegović and other Bosniak politicians also claimed that the embargo was an illegal violation of the Bosnian right to self-defense under Article 51 of the UN Charter. Starting in 1992, a number of US foreign policy experts and politicians began to warm to the idea of lifting the arms embargo to even the playing field, and a number advocated air strikes against the Serbs, as they were perceived to be the principal aggressors. In July 1992, Bill Clinton adopted the idea of lift and strike as",
"psg_id": "11969842"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "sanctions after the National Assembly of Republika Srpska refused the Vance-Owen peace plan. In 1995, Operation Storm eliminated the Republic of Serbian Krajina. The Croatian Army continued the offensive into Republika Srpska. Some 250,000 Serbs fled to Republika Srpska and Serbia from Croatia, as the Serb side continued a full retreat of Serbs from the Una to the Sana river. The Croatian Army, supported by Bosnian government forces came within 20 km of the \"de facto\" Bosnian Serb capital, Banja Luka, but were halted by Serbian defenders near Prijedor and throughout Bosnian Krajina, when their airplanes could finally fly without",
"psg_id": "5277519"
},
{
"title": "History of the Serbs",
"text": "1914, a young Bosnian Serb student named Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, which directly contributed to the outbreak of World War I. In the fighting that ensued, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary. Despite being outnumbered, the Serbs subsequently defeated the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer, which marked the first Allied victory over the Central Powers in the war. Further victories at the battles of Kolubara and the Drina meant that Serbia remained unconquered as the war entered its second year. However, an invasion by the forces of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria overwhelmed the Serbs in the",
"psg_id": "6516519"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian nationalism",
"text": "respectively. Nevertheless, in part due to the dominant standing held in the previous centuries by the native Muslim population in Ottoman Bosnia, a sense of Bosnian nationhood was cherished mainly by Muslim Bosnians, while fiercely opposed by nationalists from Serbia and Croatia who were instead opting to claim the Bosnian Muslim population as their own, a move that was rejected by most Bosnian Muslims. In an article of the journal \"Bošnjak\" (\"The Bosniak\"), Bosniak author and mayor of Sarajevo Mehmed-beg Kapetanović declared that Bosnian Muslims were neither Croats nor Serbs but a distinct, though related, people: Upon the founding of",
"psg_id": "12003488"
},
{
"title": "1992 Bosnian independence referendum",
"text": "thousands of Serbs in larger cities voted for independence. There were bombings and shootings throughout the voting period. Voter turnout was 63.4 percent, of whom 99.7 percent voted for independence. However, the referendum failed to attain the constitutionally-required two-thirds majority since only 63.4 percent of eligible voters participated. On 3 March, Alija Izetbegović declared the independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Bosnian parliament ratified his action. On 4 March United States Secretary of State James Baker urged the EEC to recognize Bosnia and Herzegovina, and on 6 March Izetbegović requested international recognition. On 10 March, a",
"psg_id": "15589457"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "Serbian army en masse, as they felt loyalty to the overall pan-Serbian cause. Bosnian Serbs also served in Austrian Army, and were loyal to Austria-Hungary when it came to Italian Front, but they often deserted and switched sides when they were sent to the Russian front, or to Serbian Front. Many Serbs supported the advance of fellow Montenegrin Serb Army, when it entered into Herzegovina, and advanced close to Sarajevo in 1914, as the King of Montenegro, King Nicholas I Petrovich-Njegos was very popular among Bosnian and Herzegovinian Serbs because of his pan-Serbian and Serbian nationalist views and help during",
"psg_id": "5277502"
},
{
"title": "History of the Serbs",
"text": "The Bosnian War ended that same year, with the Dayton Agreement dividing the country along ethnic lines. In 1998–99, a conflict in Kosovo between the Yugoslav Army and Albanians seeking independence erupted into full-out war, resulting in a 78-day-long NATO bombing campaign which effectively drove Yugoslav security forces from Kosovo. Subsequently, more than 200,000 Serbs and other non-Albanians fled the province. On 5 October 2000, Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosević was overthrown in a bloodless revolt after he refused to admit defeat in the 2000 Yugoslav general election. The Serbian Revival refers to a period in the history of the Serbs",
"psg_id": "6516524"
},
{
"title": "Foreign policy of the Bill Clinton administration",
"text": "pharmaceutical factory at Khartoum (the capital of Sudan) and several alleged terrorist camps in Afghanistan—were involved in terrorist activities. Much of the focus of Clinton's foreign policy during his first term was the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a nation in southeastern Europe that had declared its independence from Yugoslavia in 1992. This declaration was the catalyst of a war between Bosnian Serbs, who wanted Bosnia to remain in the Yugoslav federation, and Bosnian Muslims and Croats. The Bosnian Serbs, who were supported by Serbia, were better equipped than the Muslims and the Croats; as a result, they populated and",
"psg_id": "9053585"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "States would grant recognition to Bosnia as an independent state. What is indisputable is that Izetbegovic, that same day, withdrew his signature and renounced the agreement\". In late March 1992, there was fighting between Serbs and combined Croat and Bosniak forces in and near Bosanski Brod, resulting in the killing of Serb villagers in Sijekovac. Serb paramilitaries committed the Bijeljina massacre, most of the victims of which were Bosniaks, on 1–2 April 1992. There were three factions in the Bosnian War: The three ethnic groups predominantly supported their respective ethnic or national faction. Bosniaks mainly the ARBiH, Croats the HVO,",
"psg_id": "2930359"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "inhabited mainly by Serbs, who were either Orthodox by faith or followers of an Orthodox sect of Bogomil. Heading 32 of De Administrando Imperio of Constantine Porphyrogenitus, is called \"On the Serbs and the lands in which they live\". It speaks of the territories inhabited by Serbs in which he mentions Bosnia, specifically two inhabited cities, Kotor and Desnik, both of which are in an unidentified geographic position. Austria-Hungary pursued a demographic policy of reducing the Serbian population and trying to erase their identity, converting it to a \"Bosnian nationhood\", therefore, Austrian population census only had religious affiliation as a",
"psg_id": "5277523"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "day that the United States and European Economic Community (EEC) recognised Bosnia and Herzegovina. Misha Glenny gives a date of 22 March, Tom Gallagher gives 2 April, while Mary Kaldor and Laura Silber and Allan Little give 6 April. Philip Hammond, currently the British Chancellor of the Exchequer, claimed that the most common view is that the war started on 6 April 1992. Serbs consider the Sarajevo wedding shooting, when a groom's father was killed on the second day of the Bosnian independence referendum, 1 March 1992, to have been the first victim of the war. The Sijekovac killings of",
"psg_id": "2930333"
},
{
"title": "Snagovo massacre",
"text": "Snagovo massacre The Snagovo massacre refers to the mass killing of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians by Serbs on 29 April 1992 in the village Snagovo, located in the municipality of Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The massacre occurred at the start of the Bosnian War. Snagovo was among the hardest hit villages at the start of the Bosnian War in 1992. Between April and June 1992, Serbs ethnically cleansed the village of its Bosnian Muslim residents. On 29 April 1992, Serbs captured a group of 36 Bosnian Muslim civilians who were hiding in the woods in Snagovo and took them to",
"psg_id": "18733376"
},
{
"title": "Serbs",
"text": "the 19th century, some Serbs converted to Protestantism, while historically some Serbs were Catholics (especially in Dalmatia; e.g. Serb-Catholic movement in Dubrovnik). The remainder of Serbs remain predominantly Serbian Orthodox Christians. Among the most notable national and ethnic symbols are the flag of Serbia and the coat of arms of Serbia. The flag consists of a red-blue-white tricolour, rooted in Pan-Slavism, and has been used since the 19th century. Apart from being the national flag, it is also used officially in Republika Srpska (by Bosnian Serbs) and as the official ethnic flag of Croatian Serbs. The coat of arms, which",
"psg_id": "699159"
},
{
"title": "Exodus of Sarajevo Serbs",
"text": "professor Dino Murtić emphasized that exodus of Sarajevo Serbs was massive and planned and that Bosnian president Izetbegović initially demonstrated indifference about it stating that the people of Sarajevo \"finally deserved to be free of their murderers\". After some time, Izetbegović called Serbs to stay in Sarajevo. Some Serbs exhumated the graves of their ancestors from Sarajevo graveyards to graveyards near their new accommodation. Some authors believed that all involved parties in Bosnia were responsible for the mass exodus of Sarajevo Serbs, including the officials of Republika Srpska. For some authors it was difficult to determine if this exodus was",
"psg_id": "20468807"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "of Bosnia & Herzegovina, therefore not changing internat district borders of Bosnia. Bosnian Serbs constituted around a half of the total Bosnian population, but they constituted a vast territorial majority and have unilaterally proclaimed union with Serbia, for the second time in modern history, now in 1918. In total, 42 out of 54 municipalities in Bosnia & Herzegovina proclaimed union(annexation to) Serbia, without the approval of „People's Yugoslav“ government in Sarajevo, without even consulting them, in 1918. The regime of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was characterized by limited parliamentarism, and ethnic tensions, mainly between Croats and Serbs. The state of",
"psg_id": "5277504"
},
{
"title": "Origin hypotheses of the Serbs",
"text": "Serbia in what is now Saxony (eastern Germany) and western Poland). After the Hunnic leader Attila died (in 453), Alanian Serbi presumably became independent and ruled in the east of the river Saale (in modern-day Germany) over the local Slavic population. Over time, they, it is argued, intermarried with the local Slavic population of the region, adopted Slavic language, and transferred their name to the Slavs. According to Tadeuš Sulimirski, similar event could occur in the Balkans or Serbs who settled in the Balkans were Slavs who came from the north and who were ruled by already slavicized Alans. Deformed",
"psg_id": "5233465"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "nation. At the end of the 19th century, Bosnian Serbs founded various reading, cultural and singing societies, and at the beginning of the 20th century, a new Bosnian Serb intelligentsia played a major role in the political life of Serbs. One of the major Serbian cultural and national organizations was Prosvjeta, \"Bosanska Vila\" and \"Zora\", among others. Serbian national organizations were focused on the preservation of Serbian language, history and culture. First Serbian Sokol societies on the present territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were founded in the late 19th century by intellectuals. Stevan Žakula, is remembered as a prominent worker",
"psg_id": "5277499"
},
{
"title": "Republic of Serbia (1992–2006)",
"text": "internal unit of the FRY, in which Serbian President Milošević seemed to have more influence on federal politics than the Yugoslav President (the first federal president, Dobrica Ćosić was forced to resign for opposing Milošević). The Milosevic government did not have official territorial claims on the Republic of Macedonia. Others have claimed that Milosevic only advocated self-determination of self-proclaimed Serbs who wished to remain in Yugoslavia. During the Yugoslav Wars in Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina, Milošević supported Serb separatists who wished to secede from these newly created states. This support extended to controversial figures such as Bosnian Serb leader",
"psg_id": "11388088"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "is 44.40% of total Bosnian population. According to the 1961 census, Serbs made up 42.89% of total population, and their number was 1,406,053. After that, districts were divided into smaller municipalities. According to the 1971 census, Serbs were 37,19% of total population, and their number was 1,393,148. According to the 1981 census, Serbs made up 32,02% of total population, and their number was 1,320,738. After 1981, their percentage continued to reduce. From 1971 to 1991, the percentage of Serbs fell due to emigration into Montenegro, Serbia, and Western Europe. According to the 1991 census, Serbs were 31.21% of the total",
"psg_id": "5277529"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian mujahideen",
"text": "the phenomenon of Wahhabism in Bosnia concluded that despite Bosnian Serb and Serbian media reports of terrorist cells, the risk of a terrorist attack in Bosnia and Herzegovina 'is not higher than in other parts of the world'. Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \"mujāhid\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and",
"psg_id": "11250980"
},
{
"title": "Operation Tiger (1992)",
"text": "Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) was deployed to Croatia to supervise and maintain the agreement. The conflict largely passed on to entrenched positions and the JNA retreated from Croatia into Bosnia and Herzegovina, where a new conflict was anticipated. Serbia continued to support the RSK after the JNA pullout. As the JNA disengaged from Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army; Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992. Between 29 February and 1 March 1992, a referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovinawhich would later be cited as a",
"psg_id": "17130211"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian genocide denial",
"text": "\"killing (of) Bosnian-Muslim soldiers\" and even that was in response to the \"killing of over 2,000 Serb civilians, mostly women and children, at the location by Bosnian-Muslim army\", and that the numbers of executed Bosnian-Muslim soldiers \"were probably in the order of between 500 and 1,000 (...) (i)n other words, less than half of the number of Serbs civilians killed before July, 1995\". For this complete reversal of reality they rely on and cite informations provided by another independent researcher Diana Johnstone, who herself never set foot in Bosnia, without a shadow of a doubt or critical examination into evidence",
"psg_id": "20120331"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian mujahideen",
"text": "Bosnian mujahideen Bosnian mujahideen (), also called El Mudžahid (from , \"mujāhid\"), were foreign Muslim volunteers who fought on the Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) side during the 1992–95 Bosnian War. These first arrived in central Bosnia in the second half of 1992 with the aim of fighting for Islam (as mujahideen), helping their Bosnian Muslim co-religionists to defend themselves from the Serb and Croat forces. Mostly they came from North Africa, the Near East and the Middle East. Estimates of their numbers vary from 500–5,000. In the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, Slovenia and Croatia declared independence. War broke out in",
"psg_id": "11250951"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "Serbs were forced to relocate to Serbia proper, Montenegro and Vojvodina. Having lived throughout much of Bosnia-Herzegovina prior to the Bosnian War, the majority now live in the Republika Srpska. According to the report by the Bosnia and Herzegovina statistics office, on the census of 2013 there were 1,086,733 Serbs living in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Serbs settled the Balkans in the 6th and 7th centuries. According to \"De Administrando Imperio\" (ca. 960), the Serbs had settled what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina. They inhabited and ruled \"Serbia\", which included \"Bosnia\" (with two inhabited cities; Kotor and Desnik), and \"Rascia\", and",
"psg_id": "5277476"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "persons within Bosnia and Herzegovina itself, at 588,000. Serbia took in 252,130 refugees from Bosnia, while other former Yugoslav republics received a total of 148,657 people. In June 1992, the Bosnian Serbs started Operation Vrbas 92 and Operation Corridor 92. The reported deaths of twelve newborn babies in Banja Luka hospital due to a shortage of bottled oxygen for incubators was cited as an immediate cause for the action, but the veracity of these deaths has since been questioned. Borisav Jović, a contemporary high-ranking Serbian official and member of the Yugoslav Presidency, has claimed that the report was just wartime",
"psg_id": "2930383"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "rupture between the Bosnian government and Serbs'. Bosnia and Herzegovina received international recognition on 6 April 1992. The most common view is that the war started that day. The war in Bosnia escalated in April. On 3 April, the Battle of Kupres began between the JNA and a combined HV-HVO force that ended in a JNA victory. On 6 April Serb forces began shelling Sarajevo, and in the next two days crossed the Drina from Serbia proper and besieged Muslim-majority Zvornik, Višegrad and Foča. All of Bosnia was engulfed in war by mid-April. On 23 April, the JNA evacuated its",
"psg_id": "2930373"
},
{
"title": "Republika Srpska (1992–95)",
"text": "municipalities, and other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina (including regions described as \"places in which the Serbian people remained in the minority due to the genocide conducted against them during World War II\"), and it was declared to be a part of the federal Yugoslav state. From 29 February to 2 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina held a referendum on independence. The majority of Bosnian Serbs boycotted the vote on the grounds that it was unconstitutional because the referendum bypassed the veto power of the representatives of the Serbian people in the Bosnian parliament. On 6 April 1992,",
"psg_id": "6400385"
},
{
"title": "Battle of Orašje",
"text": "of Bosnia and Herzegovina that took place between 29 February and 1 March 1992. This declaration would later be cited by the Bosnian Serbs as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs began fortifying the capital, Sarajevo, and other areas on 1 March 1992. On the following day, the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the final days of March, Bosnian Serb forces bombarded Bosanski Brod with artillery, resulting in a cross-border operation by the Croatian Army (\"Hrvatska vojska\" – HV) 108th Brigade. On 4 April 1992, JNA artillery began shelling Sarajevo. There",
"psg_id": "18071197"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian Muslim Republic",
"text": "Bosnian Muslim Republic A Bosnian Muslim Republic, that is, consolidation of Bosniak-inhabited territories into a Bosniak nation-state, was proposed during the Bosnian War when plans for the partition of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made. It would either be established as one of three ethnic states in a loose confederation, or as an independent \"Muslim state\" in the area controlled by the Bosnian Army, as proposed by Islamists. Thus, the Bosniak-inhabited territories or Bosnian Army-controlled area (the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina) would become a Bosniak state, as Republika Srpska was for the Bosnian Serbs and Herzeg-Bosnia for the Bosnian Croats.",
"psg_id": "19539778"
},
{
"title": "Yugoslav People's Army withdrawal from Bosnia (1992)",
"text": "Bosnia, Croatia, Slovenia, Montenegro, and Macedonia. And two autonomous provinces: Vojvodina and Kosovo. During the breakup of SFR Yugoslavia, the Bosnian Serbs living in Bosnia held a referendum for independence and in January 1992 they formed the Republic of Srpska, also known as the Serb Republic. The main goal of the newly formed Serb Republic was to unify with Serbia and Montenegro in one state for the Serb ethnic groups. Bosnia did not recognize the referendum held by the Bosnian Serbs, and then between February 29 and March 1 a new referendum took place, for the independence of Bosnia. The",
"psg_id": "20962970"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Montenegro",
"text": "a recognised minority language along with Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian. Since 2006, both in linguistic and other aspects of cultural life, ethnic Serbs of Montenegro have been exposed to gradual \"non-coercive\" Montenegrinisation. The Serbs are adherents of the Serbian Orthodox Church, the strongest religious institution of Montenegro (with a total of 460,383 followers or 74%). One of the largest places of worship is the Cathedral of the Resurrection of Christ in Podgorica. The future of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro has been threatened by the newly formed Montenegrin Orthodox Church which has claimed Serbian Orthodox churches in Montenegro, and",
"psg_id": "19175870"
},
{
"title": "Peace plans proposed before and during the Bosnian War",
"text": "ethnic power-sharing on all administrative levels and the devolution of central government to local ethnic communities. However, all Bosnia-Herzegovina's districts would be classified as Bosniak, Serb or Croat under the plan, even where no ethnic majority was evident. In later negotiations, there were compromises about changing district borders. On 3 March 1992, Bosnia and Herzegovina was declared independent following a referendum held days earlier on February 29 and 1 March. On 11 March 1992, the Assembly of the Serb People of Republika Srpska (the self-proclaimed parliament of the Bosnian Serbs) unanimously rejected the original peace plan, putting forth their own",
"psg_id": "6771862"
},
{
"title": "Foreign support in the Bosnian War",
"text": "Foreign support in the Bosnian War Foreign support in the Bosnian War included the funding, training or military support by foreign states and organizations outside Yugoslavia to any of the belligerents in the Bosnian War (1992–95). Among foreign Islamist organizations supporting the Bosnian Muslims were Al-Qaeda (including Bosnian branch), Harkat ul-Ansar, Refah Party, Armed Islamic Group of Algeria, and others. Among foreign non-profit organizations and charitable trusts were the Saudi Benevolence International Foundation (Al-Qaeda) and al-Haramain Foundation (Al-Qaeda-associated), the Turkish IHH, and others. The Third World Relief Agency (TWRA) based in Vienna was the \"main financier and mediator\" in the",
"psg_id": "20384516"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian War",
"text": "in relation to the former, or any other, Yugoslavia\". Jović's memoirs show that Milošević had on 5 December 1991 ordered for the JNA troops in BiH to be reorganised, its non-Bosnian personnel to be withdrawn, in case recognition would result in the perceival of the JNA as a foreign force; left would be Bosnian Serbs to form the nucleus of a Bosnian Serb army. Accordingly, by the end of the month the JNA in BiH had only 10–15% from outside the republic. Silber and Little note that Milošević secretly ordered all Bosnian-born JNA soldiers to be transferred to BiH. Jović's",
"psg_id": "2930351"
},
{
"title": "The Maniacs",
"text": "and other cities across Yugoslavia. After the breakeup of Yugoslavia and when Bosnian War start, Grbavica a quarter of the city of Sarajevo where Grbavica Stadium is located was on front lines of battle between Bosnian army and Bosnian Serbs forces. Many members of \"The Maniacs\" joined Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Zelene beretke. One of them was Dževad Begić-Đilda. He was one of the founders and leader of The Maniacs. Dževad Begić was killed 1992 by sniper shot when he was trying to save wounded civilians. The most important day of every \"Maniac\" is 2",
"psg_id": "16208960"
},
{
"title": "Museum of Serbs of Croatia",
"text": "Museum of Serbs of Croatia Museum of Serbs of Croatia (, ) was a public museum in Zagreb, which was specialized in history of Serbs of Croatia. Museum existed from 1946 till 1963 when it became part of Croatian History Museum. Today, part of the material is kept in Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana, part in Prosvjeta, some in Museum of Croatian History and part of them were destroyed in mining of Museum of Metropolitanate of Zagreb and Ljubljana on 11 April 1992 during War in Croatia. In 2009, on 65 anniversary of Prosvjeta, organization has launched an",
"psg_id": "17263151"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Montenegro",
"text": "a Montenegrin because I am a Serb, but a Serb because I am a Montenegrin. We Montenegrins are the salt of the Serbs. All the strength of the Serbs is not here [in Montenegro] but their soul is.\" Djilas also has said \"The Montenegrins are, despite provincial and historical differences, quintessentially Serbs, and Montenegro the cradle of Serbian myths and of aspirations for the unification of Serbs.\". After the secession of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in 1991 and 1992, SR Montenegro held the Montenegrin referendum in 1992 which ended with a 95.96% of votes in favour for",
"psg_id": "19175863"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian Australians",
"text": "Bosnian Australians Bosnian Australians are Australian citizens of Bosnian ancestry or Bosnia and Herzegovina-born people who reside in Australia. According to the 2011 Australian census 39,440 Australians were born in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The vast majority of Bosnian migrants began arriving in Australia during and after the Bosnian War which took place between April 1992 and December 1995. There were smaller waves after World War II and again in the 1960s and 1970s. Bosnian migrants who arrived in Australia in the 1960s made important contributions to modern-day Australia through their role in the construction of the Snowy Mountains Scheme in",
"psg_id": "9272057"
},
{
"title": "History of the Serbs",
"text": "and Lazar Hrebeljanović holding today's Central Serbia and a portion of Kosovo. Hrebeljanović was subsequently accepted as the titular leader of the Serbs because he was married to a member of the Nemanjić dynasty. In 1389, the Serbs faced the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo on the plain of Kosovo Polje, near the town of Pristina. Both Lazar and Sultan Murad I were killed in the fighting. The battle most likely ended in a stalemate, and Serbia did not fall to the Turks until 1459. There exists 30 Serbian chronicles from the period between 1390 and 1526. The Serbs",
"psg_id": "6516513"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian Americans",
"text": "remained an important center for Bosnian Muslim religious activity, serving Bosnians and non-Bosnian Muslims in the Chicago metropolitan area. The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1992 to 1995 brought the largest influx of Bosnians to St Louis, which became the most popular United States destination for Bosnian refugees. It is estimated that 40,000 refugees moved to the St. Louis area in the 1990s and early 2000s, bringing the total St. Louis Bosnian population to some 70,000. In Chicago, the Bosnian community has largely settled in the northern part of the city, between Lawrence and Howard, from Clark to Lake",
"psg_id": "9701124"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian nationalism",
"text": "\"Islamic Declaration\" that called for an Islamic renewal amongst Bosniaks, Izetbegović was arrested by Yugoslav state authorities in 1983 on allegations that he was promoting a purely Muslim Bosnia, and served five years in prison. In 1990, Izetbegović and others founded the Party of Democratic Action, that became the main Bosniak party in the Bosnian parliament. The eruption of the Bosnian War from 1992 to 1995 strengthened Bosnian Muslim identity. In 1993, \"Bosniak\" was officially revived as the ethnic or national designation to replace \"Muslim by nationality\" employed by the Yugoslav authorities. Bosnian nationalism Bosnian nationalism or Bosniandom ( /",
"psg_id": "12003492"
},
{
"title": "Serbs in Hungary",
"text": "Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. About two-thirds of the Serbs (called \"optants\") left Hungary in the following decade. Almost the whole Serb population of Sárok, Deszk, Újszentiván, Szőreg, Majs and Dunaszekcső became optants. In 1910, 26,248 people in the territory of present-day Hungary spoke Serbian language. In 1920, number of Serbian speakers was 17,132, in 1930 7,031, in 1941 5,442, in 1970 11,177, in 1980 3,426, in 1990 2,953, 2001 3,388 and in 2011 3,708(compared with 7,210 declared Serbs in the same year). Small Serb communities are scattered in the southern part of the country. There are also some Serbs who",
"psg_id": "8496611"
},
{
"title": "Serbs of Bosnia and Herzegovina",
"text": "labor, jizya, harsh taxation and slavery. Although their percentage in the overall population decreased, Orthodox Serbs managed to stay a relative majority in their land, and constitute a territorial majority within the territory of contemporary Bosnia, as Orthodox Serbs were traditionally a rural population within Bosnia, while Muslims were more often an urban populace, due to their services as city guards and traders. Bosnian Serbs often rebelled against Ottoman rule. The Serb Uprising of 1596–97 was suppressed at Gacko. It was a part of a broader Serb struggle against the Ottomans, in support of Austria and Venice. In 1809, Jančić's",
"psg_id": "5277492"
},
{
"title": "Democratic Party of Serbs in Macedonia",
"text": "support for the development of the Republic of Macedonia as a multiethnic, free-market orientated democracy. It has traditional base of members and supporters in the regions of Skopska Crna Gora inhabited by Serbs, among Serbs in the cities of Skopje and Kumanovo and among other minor communities of Serbs in other areas of the Republic of Macedonia. From the inception of political pluralism in the Republic of Macedonia, it is by far the most representative political option for Serbs in this state and since the 2001 change of party leadership, its preferred political partner is VMRO-DPMNE, current leader of parliamentary",
"psg_id": "5240611"
},
{
"title": "Christophe Caze",
"text": "Christophe Caze Christophe Caze (22 October 1969–29 March 1996) was a French terrorist and criminal, a former medical student in Lille, France. Caze was one of France's foremost terrorists. Caze was raised Catholic. A medical student, he travelled to Bosnia in 1992 to practice medicine, working at the Zenica hospital. He converted into Islam and joined the Bosnian mujahideen in the Bosnian War, a unit that fought Jihad against Serbs. He became an extremist, and is reported to have played football with heads of decapitated Serbs. Abu Hamza al-Masri, who was a Bosnian mujahideen, was the religious guide of Christophe",
"psg_id": "6092935"
},
{
"title": "Persecution of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia",
"text": "Jasenovac, marching women and children to death, and shooting most of the remaining male inmates, then torched buildings and documents before fleeing. The Ustashe viewed religion and nationality as closely linked; while Roman Catholicism and Islam (Bosnian Muslims were viewed as Croats) were recognized as Croatian national religions, Eastern Orthodoxy was deemed inherently incompatible with the Croatian state project. They saw Orthodoxy as hostile because it was identified as Serb. On 3 May 1941 a law was passed on religious conversions, pressuring Serbs to convert to Catholicism and thereby adopt Croat identity. This was made on the eve of Pavelić's",
"psg_id": "9043405"
},
{
"title": "Swedish Serbs",
"text": "particular skills were deficient within Sweden, as migrant workers (called \"Arbetskraftsinvandring\", see \"gastarbeiter\"). During the 1960s and 1970s, agreements were signed with the government of Yugoslavia to help Sweden overcome its severe labour shortage. Bosnian and Croatian Serbs migrated in another wave during and after the Yugoslav wars. Another wave of Kosovo Serbs came during the Kosovo war in 1999. The Swedish census data includes country of birth, but does not include ethnicity, descendants or naturalized people, thus, the total number of ethnic Serbs in Sweden is hard to define. Various estimations include: 80,000; 110,000; 120,000; and 140,000. Aco Dragićević,",
"psg_id": "12195717"
},
{
"title": "Bosnian genocide",
"text": "overturned by the appeals chamber, which narrowed the crime of genocide only to Srebrenica. On 16 June 2004, in \"Prosecutor v. Slobodan Milošević: Decision on Motion for Judgement of Acquittal\", the ICTY Trial Chamber refused to acquit former Serbian president Slobodan Milošević on the same grounds, and ruled: On 26 February 2007, however, in the Bosnian genocide case, the United Nations International Court of Justice (ICJ) found that there was no evidence linking Serbia under the rule of Milošević to genocide committed by Bosnian Serbs in the Bosnian War. However, the court did find that Milošević and others in Serbia",
"psg_id": "4551997"
},
{
"title": "Battle of Kupres (1994)",
"text": "and villages were intermittently attacked by artillery, or missiles. As the JNA disengaged in Croatia, its personnel prepared to set up a new Bosnian Serb army, as Bosnian Serbs declared the Serbian Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina on 9 January 1992, ahead of the 29 February – 1 March 1992 referendum on independence of Bosnia and Herzegovina—which would later be cited as a pretext for the Bosnian War. Bosnian Serbs set up barricades in the capital, Sarajevo and elsewhere on 1 March, and the next day the first fatalities of the war were recorded in Sarajevo and Doboj. In the",
"psg_id": "17094072"
}
] | [
"dragan david dabić",
"radovan karadzik",
"dragan david dabic",
"радован караџић",
"radovan karadzic",
"dr dragan david dabic",
"radovan karadzic",
"dr dragan david dabić",
"petar glumac",
"dragan dabic",
"dr. dragan david dabic",
"dragan dabić",
"radovan karadžic",
"radovan karadic",
"dr. dragan david dabić",
"radovan karadjic",
"radovan karadžić",
"radovan karadžić",
"dragan davic"
] |
who was deputy commander of the 1983 us invasion of grenada? | [
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "that held 100 bodies of islanders who had been killed by communist forces. Major General Norman Schwarzkopf, deputy commander of the invasion force, said that 160 Grenadian soldiers and 71 Cubans had been killed during the invasion; the Pentagon had given a much lower count of 59 Cuban and Grenadian deaths. Ronald H. Cole's report for the Joint Chiefs of Staff showed an even lower count. Also of concern were the problems that the invasion showed with the military. There was a lack of intelligence about Grenada, which exacerbated the difficulties faced by the quickly assembled invasion force. For example,",
"psg_id": "1392056"
}
] | [] | [
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "had not been made public. Scoon was well within his rights to take this action under the reserve powers vested in the Crown. On Saturday 22 October 1983, the Deputy High Commissioner in Bridgetown, Barbados visited Grenada and reported that Sir Paul Scoon was well and \"did not request military intervention, either directly or indirectly\". However, in his book, \"Survival for Service\", Scoon confirmed that he had invited the United States and Caribbean nations to intervene militarily, before the invasion. On 25 October, Grenada was invaded by the combined forces of the United States and the Regional Security System (RSS)",
"psg_id": "1392020"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "for Democracy\" parodies the invasion using a fictitious British Commonwealth country called St George's Island located in the Indian Ocean and under threat of Communist invasion and American counter-invasion. United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted",
"psg_id": "1392066"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "United States invasion of Grenada The United States invasion of Grenada began on 25 October 1983. The invasion, led by the United States, of the Caribbean island nation of Grenada, which has a population of about 91,000 and is located north of Venezuela, resulted in a U.S. victory within a matter of days. Codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, it was triggered by the internal strife within the People's Revolutionary Government that resulted in the house arrest and the execution of the previous leader and second Prime Minister of Grenada Maurice Bishop, and the establishment of a preliminary government, the Revolutionary Military",
"psg_id": "1392006"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "U.S. also destroyed a significant amount of Grenada's military hardware, including six APCs and an armored car. A second armored car was impounded and later shipped back to Marine Corps Base Quantico for inspection. The US government defended its invasion of Grenada as an action to protect American citizens, including medical students, living on the island. \"Action was necessary to resolve what Article 28 of...[the charter of the Organization of American States (O.A.S.)] refers to as a 'situation that might endanger the peace,'\" said US Deputy Secretary of State Kenneth W. Dam, adding that \"Both the O.A.S. Charter, in articles",
"psg_id": "1392045"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "invasion. The 1990 film \"Die Hard 2\" mentioned Grenada when a unit of soldiers talked among themselves about the invasion. The 1994 film \"Natural Born Killers\" mentioned Grenada when one of the main characters claimed he witnessed the invasion. In the 2013 movie \"The Wolf of Wall Street\", the invasion of Grenada is used as a metaphor for a court case that is impossible to lose. In 2012 and 2014 \"Saturday Night Live\" sketches where Bill Hader attends a puppet class and uses his puppet to tell his grim stories of the invasion. The \"Yes Prime Minister\" episode \"A Victory",
"psg_id": "1392065"
},
{
"title": "Defence force of Grenada",
"text": "Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New",
"psg_id": "20685450"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "with an annual memorial ceremony. In 2008, the Government of Grenada announced a move to build a monument to honour the Cubans killed during the invasion. At the time of the announcement the Cuban and Grenadian governments are still seeking to identify a suitable site for the monument. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, COMSECONDFLT, became Commander, Joint Task Force 120 (CJTF 120), and commanded units from the Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard from the flag spaces aboard the MARG flagship, USS Guam. CJTF 120 was supported by Rear Admiral Richard E. Berry (COMCRUDESGRU Eight) (Commander Task Group",
"psg_id": "1392062"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "vetoed by the United States. A month after the invasion, \"Time\" magazine described it as having \"broad popular support.\" A congressional study group concluded that the invasion had been justified, as most members felt that U.S. students at the university near a contested runway could have been taken hostage as U.S. diplomats in Iran had been four years previously. The group's report caused House Speaker Tip O'Neill to change his position on the issue from opposition to support. In the evening of 25 October 1983 by telephone, on the newscast \"Nightline\", anchor Ted Koppel spoke to medical students on Grenada",
"psg_id": "1392048"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "at 05:00 on 25 October 1983. U.S. forces refuelled and departed from the Grantley Adams International Airport on the nearby Caribbean island of Barbados before daybreak en route to Grenada. It was the first major operation conducted by the U.S. military since the Vietnam War. Vice Admiral Joseph Metcalf, III, Commander Second Fleet, was the overall commander of U.S. forces, designated Joint Task Force 120, which included elements of each military service and multiple special operations units. Fighting continued for several days and the total number of U.S. troops reached some 7,000 along with 300 troops from the Organization of",
"psg_id": "1392022"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "due to differences in charts and location coordinates, data, and methods of calling for fire support. Communications between services were also noted as not being compatible and hindered the coordination of operations. The landing strip was drawn by hand on the map given to some members of the invasion force. Conservative US leaders, and Ronald Reagan in particular, had long complained about the \"Vietnam Syndrome,\" the aversion on the part of the American people to U.S. military operations following the Vietnam War. The Reagan administration hoped that the perceived success of the invasion of Grenada would help dispel the Vietnam",
"psg_id": "1392058"
},
{
"title": "Grenada–Soviet Union relations",
"text": "Grenada–Soviet Union relations Grenada-Soviet relations refers to the relations between Grenada, and the Soviet Union. Diplomatic relations between Grenada and the Soviet Union were severed in November 1983 by the Governor General of Grenada. Eventually in 2002, Grenada re-established diplomatic relations with the newly formed Russian Federation. During the New Jewel Movement, the Soviet Union tried to make the island of Grenada to function as a Soviet base, and also by getting supplies from Cuba. On October 1983, during the U.S. invasion of Grenada, U.S. President Ronald Reagan maintained that US Marines arrived on the island of Grenada, which was",
"psg_id": "12278749"
},
{
"title": "Defence force of Grenada",
"text": "seaport security and fire services. With 15 police stations and 900 staff members, the force responds to over 15,000 crimes and incidents per year. The Royal Grenada Police Force also has a paramilitary force for national defense. Official Defense is the responsibility of the Regional Security System . Defence force of Grenada Grenada Has not had a standing army since 1983, after the American-led invasion but it has a small force of police and paramilitary forces. The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983.The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National",
"psg_id": "20685455"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "flights, and that evidence indicated that the airport was to become a Cuban-Soviet forward military airbase. On 29 May 2009 the Point Salines International Airport was officially renamed the Maurice Bishop International Airport, in honour of the slain pre-coup leader Maurice Bishop by the Government of Grenada. On 16 October 1983, a party faction led by Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard seized power. Bishop was placed under house arrest. Mass protests against the action led to Bishop's escaping detention and reasserting his authority as the head of the government. Bishop was eventually captured and murdered, along with his pregnant partner,",
"psg_id": "1392018"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "than 5,000 medals to its soldiers for merit and valor. The date of the invasion is now a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, which commemorates the freeing, after the invasion, of several political prisoners who were subsequently elected to office. A truth and reconciliation commission was launched in 2000 to re-examine some of the controversies of the era; in particular, the commission made an unsuccessful attempt to find Bishop's body, which had been disposed of at Hudson Austin's order, and never found. For the U.S., the invasion also highlighted issues with communication and coordination between the different branches",
"psg_id": "1392012"
},
{
"title": "History of Grenada",
"text": "to Grenada in 1984. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Braithwaite was appointed Prime Minister of an interim administration by the Governor General Sir Paul Scoon until elections could be organized. On 28 October 1984, the new Point Salines International Airport was opened, which enabled Grenada to receive large commercial jets for the first time. The first democratic elections since 1976 were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize who won 14 out of 15 seats in elections and served as Prime Minister until his death in December",
"psg_id": "155345"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "that would have been necessary to remove US citizens. The UN Charter prohibits the use of force by member states except in cases of self defense or when specifically authorized by the UN Security Council. The UN Security Council had not even considered the matter, let alone authorized invasion. Similarly, the United Nations General Assembly by a vote of 108 to 9 (with 27 abstentions) adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law.\" A similar resolution in the United Nations Security Council received widespread support but was",
"psg_id": "1392047"
},
{
"title": "Grenada",
"text": "arrested after the invasion on charges related to the murder of Maurice Bishop and seven others. The eighteen included the top political leadership of Grenada at the time of the execution as well as the entire military chain of command directly responsible for the operation that led to the executions. Fourteen were sentenced to death, one was found not guilty and three were sentenced to 45 years in prison. The death sentences were eventually commuted to terms of imprisonment. Those in prison have become known as the Grenada 17. When US troops withdrew from Grenada in December 1983, Nicholas Brathwaite",
"psg_id": "11916887"
},
{
"title": "Grenada 17",
"text": "stating that their arrest and trial had been a miscarriage of justice. Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence",
"psg_id": "10653815"
},
{
"title": "Grenada 17",
"text": "Grenada 17 The Grenada 17 are the seventeen political, military and civilian figures who were convicted of various crimes associated with the overthrow of the Maurice Bishop's government of Grenada in 1983 and his subsequent murder. In October 1983, various officials of the people's revolutionary government (PRG) of Grenada under the leadership of Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard deposed and put under house arrest Prime Minister Maurice Bishop. Large public demonstrations followed all over the country. On 19 October 1983, a large demonstration at the Prime Minister's residence led to Bishop being freed. Bishop then went with a large group",
"psg_id": "10653809"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "Grenada in 1983, later stated that he issued weapons and ammunition to many of the construction workers for the purpose of self-defense. According to journalist Bob Woodward in his book \"Veil\", captured \"military advisors\" from socialist countries were actually accredited diplomats and their dependents. None, Woodward claimed, took any actual part in the fighting. Other historians have asserted that most of the supposed civil technicians on Grenada were Cuban special forces and combat engineers. Cuban nationals were expressly forbidden to surrender to U.S. forces. U.S. Special Operations Forces were deployed to Grenada beginning on 23 October, before the 25 October",
"psg_id": "1392026"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "of United States threats, that the invasion violated international law, and that no small nation not to the liking of the United States would find itself safe if the aggression against Grenada were not rebuffed. The governments of some countries stated that the United States intervention was a return to the era of barbarism. The governments of other countries said the United States by its invasion had violated several treaties and conventions to which it was a party. A similar resolution was discussed in the United Nations Security Council and although receiving widespread support it was ultimately vetoed by the",
"psg_id": "1392051"
},
{
"title": "Grenada",
"text": "and attempted to resume power, but he was captured and executed by soldiers. On 25 October 1983, forces from the United States and the Barbados-based Regional Security System (RSS) invaded Grenada in a U.S.-led operation code-named \"Operation Urgent Fury\". The invasion was highly criticised by the governments of Britain, Trinidad and Tobago and Canada, along with the United Nations General Assembly. Elections were held in December 1984 and were won by the Grenada National Party under Herbert Blaize, who served as Prime Minister until his death in December 1989. The origin of the name \"Grenada\" is obscure, but it is",
"psg_id": "11916871"
},
{
"title": "Task Force 20",
"text": "the core of Task Group 20.5, the carrier task group that would support the Invasion of Grenada. On 25 October 1983, aircraft from Independence's embarked air wing flew missions supporting the invasion. The post of Commander, Task Force 20, which was an additional post for the fleet's commander during the fleet's existence, has been maintained as a three-star vice admiral's position who also concurrently serves as the deputy commander of Fleet & Joint Operations, the deputy commander of U.S. Fleet Forces Command and the director of Combined Joint Operations From The Sea, Centre of Excellence. Task Force 20 was commanded",
"psg_id": "4660931"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "United States. President of the United States Ronald Reagan, when asked if he was concerned by the lopsided 108–9 vote in the UN General Assembly, said, \"it didn't upset my breakfast at all.\" Grenada is part of the Commonwealth of Nations and, following the invasion, it requested help from other Commonwealth members. The intervention was opposed by Commonwealth members including the United Kingdom, Trinidad and Tobago, and Canada, among others. British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, a close ally of Reagan on other matters, personally opposed the U.S. invasion. Reagan told her it might happen; she did not know for sure",
"psg_id": "1392052"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "powers of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and created the concept of a truly unified joint U.S. forces (i.e., Army, Air Force, Marines, and Naval forces organized under one command). One of the first reorganizations resulting from both the Department of Defense analysis and the legislation was the formation of the U.S. Special Operations Command in 1987. October 25 is a national holiday in Grenada, called Thanksgiving Day, to commemorate the invasion. St. George's University (SGU) built a monument on its True Blue Campus to memorialize the U.S. servicemen killed during the invasion, and marks the day",
"psg_id": "1392061"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "SEALs, and ancillary forces totaling 7,600 U.S.troops, together with Jamaican forces, and troops of the Regional Security System (RSS). USAF Pararescue and TACP personnel from the 21St Tass, Shaw AFB were attached to various other Special Operations Units during the Grenada conflict. The invasion force defeated Grenadian resistance after a low-altitude airborne assault by Rangers on Point Salines Airport at the south end of the island, and a Marine helicopter and amphibious landing on the north end at Pearls Airport. The military government of Hudson Austin was deposed and replaced by a government appointed by Governor-General Paul Scoon. The invasion",
"psg_id": "1392010"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "it was coming until three hours before. At 12:30 on the morning of the invasion, Thatcher sent a message to Reagan: Reagan told Thatcher before anyone else that the invasion would begin in a few hours, but ignored her complaints. She publicly supported the U.S. action. Reagan phoned to apologize for the miscommunication, and the long-term friendly relationship endured. Following the U.S. victory, the American and Caribbean governments quickly reaffirmed Scoon as Queen Elizabeth II's sole legitimate representative in Grenada—and hence, the only lawful authority on the island. In accordance with Commonwealth constitutional practice, Scoon assumed power as interim head",
"psg_id": "1392053"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Commander (horse)",
"text": "Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by trainer Wallace Dollase. A late developer, Deputy Commander never made it to the 1997 Kentucky",
"psg_id": "10284160"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "north end (5,200 feet) and could not be expanded because its runway abutted a mountain at one end and the ocean at the other. In 1983, then-member of the United States House of Representatives Ron Dellums (D, California), traveled to Grenada on a fact-finding mission, having been invited by the country's prime minister. Dellums described his findings before Congress: ... based on my personal observations, discussion and analysis of the new international airport under construction in Grenada, it is my conclusion that this project is specifically now and has always been for the purpose of economic development and is not",
"psg_id": "1392016"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "29 May 2009, the 65th anniversary of his birth. Hundreds of Grenadians turned out to commemorate the event. Tillman Thomas, Prime Minister of Grenada, gave the keynote speech and referred to the renaming as an act of the Grenadian people coming home to themselves. He also hoped that it would help bring closure to a chapter of denial in Grenada's history. The invasion showed problems with the U.S. government's \"information apparatus,\" which \"Time\" described as still being in \"some disarray\" three weeks after the invasion. For example, the U.S. State Department falsely claimed that a mass grave had been discovered",
"psg_id": "1392055"
},
{
"title": "Grenada–United States relations",
"text": "Grenada–United States relations Grenada – United States relations are bilateral relations between Grenada and the United States. The United States recognized Grenada on the 7 February 1974, as the same day as Grenada got independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. These nations formally established diplomatic relations on 29 November 1974. In October 1983, the United States led an invasion of Grenada, code named Urgent Fury, after the overthrow and murder of the leader of Grenada, Maurice Bishop, by the Bernard Coard. The U.S. Government established an embassy in Grenada in November 1983. The U.S. Ambassador",
"psg_id": "11632601"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Commander (horse)",
"text": "to a decline in his physiological and neurological health, he was euthanized October 7, 2009. Deputy Commander (horse) Deputy Commander (foaled in 1994 in Kentucky – October 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by Crystal Springs Farm near Paris, Kentucky, he was a son of North American Champion sire Deputy Minister and out of the Grade 1-winning turf mare, Anka Germania who captured the 1988 Sword Dancer Invitational over subsequent Eclipse-winning turf horse Sunshine Forever. He was sold by Denali Stud as a weanling at the November 1995 Keeneland Sales to Horizon Stable, a partnership put together by",
"psg_id": "10284162"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)",
"text": "Deputy Commander Land Forces Deputy Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division",
"psg_id": "13837276"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "Council with Hudson Austin as Chairman. The invasion resulted in the appointment of an interim government, followed by democratic elections in 1984. The country has remained a democratic nation since then. Grenada gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. The Marxist-Leninist New Jewel Movement seized power in a coup in 1979 under Maurice Bishop, suspending the constitution and detaining a number of political prisoners. Among Bishop's core principles were workers' rights, women's rights, and the struggle against racism and Apartheid. Under Bishop's leadership, the National Women’s Organization was formed which participated in policy decisions along with other social groups.",
"psg_id": "1392007"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "Revolutionary Government. The last major special operation was a mission to rescue and evacuate Governor General Paul Scoon from his mansion in Saint George, Grenada. The mission departed late at 05:30 on 25 October from Barbados, resulting in the Grenadian forces being already aware of the U.S. invasion. They closely guarded Governor Scoon. Although the SEAL team's entry into the mansion went unopposed, a counterattack led by BTR-60 armored personnel carriers trapped the SEALs and the governor inside. AC-130 gunships, A-7 Corsair strike planes, and AH-1 Cobra attack helicopters were called in to support the besieged SEALs, but the SEALs",
"psg_id": "1392035"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)",
"text": "Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom) The Deputy Commander Field Army is a senior British Army officer who serves as deputy to the Commander Field Army. It currently is held by a Army Reserve officer. The UK Field Army was first established in 1982 when the Deputy Commander-in-Chief at UK Land Forces was designated Commander of that formation. In 1995 the designation changed to Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Land Command. The Field Army was re-established in 2003, under the LANDmark reorganisation. The Commander of the Field Army had two deployable Divisions (1st Armoured Division and 3rd Mechanised Division), HQ 6th Division, Theatre",
"psg_id": "13837274"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "22 and 28, and the U.N. Charter, in Article 52, recognize the competence of regional security bodies in ensuring regional peace and stability.\" Dam was referring the decision by the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States to approve the invasion. However, scholars of international law have concluded that the invasion constituted neither justifiable self-defense (because there was no credible imminent threat to the US), nor humanitarian intervention or rescue (because there was no credible immediate danger to US citizens), and, in any case, the US invasion far exceeded in the scope and magnitude of force used and in duration any action",
"psg_id": "1392046"
},
{
"title": "1983 United States Senate bombing",
"text": "the United States military invaded the socialist island nation of Grenada, and replaced the socialist government with the previous government under Governor-General Paul Scoon and Chairman of the Interim Advisory Council Nicholas Brathwaite, the country having been a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. At the time, the invasion was supported by 64% of the US population. However, members of the left wing militant group, the Resistance Conspiracy, were perturbed. The invasion of Grenada, coupled with the October 1983 bombing of a United States Marines barracks in Beirut, Lebanon, prompted the beginnings of a plan for the left-wing militants to",
"psg_id": "6085147"
},
{
"title": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons",
"text": "as a part of the \"Commander Keen Complete Pack\". According to Steam Spy, as of 2017 over 200,000 copies are registered through Steam. Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities",
"psg_id": "19569785"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "Women were given equal pay and paid maternity leave, and sex discrimination was made illegal. Organisations for education (Center for Popular Education), health care, and youth affairs (National Youth Organization) were also established. In 1983, an internal power struggle began over Bishop's relatively moderate foreign policy approach, and on 19 October, hard-line military junta elements captured and executed Bishop and his partner Jacqueline Creft, along with three cabinet ministers and two union leaders. Subsequently, following appeals by the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States and the Governor-General of Grenada, Paul Scoon, the Reagan Administration in the U.S. quickly decided to launch",
"psg_id": "1392008"
},
{
"title": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons",
"text": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons is a three-part episodic side-scrolling platform video game developed by Ideas from the Deep (a precursor to id Software) and published by Apogee Software in 1990 for MS-DOS. It is the first set of episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series. The game follows the titular Commander Keen, an eight-year-old child genius, as he retrieves the stolen parts of his spaceship from the cities of Mars, prevents a recently arrived alien mothership from destroying landmarks on Earth, and hunts down the leader of the aliens, the Grand",
"psg_id": "19569748"
},
{
"title": "History of Grenada",
"text": "Slavery was abolished in the 1830s. In 1885, the island became the capital of the British Windward Islands. Grenada achieved independence from Britain in 1974. Following a coup by the Marxist New Jewel Movement in 1983, the island was invaded by United States troops and the government overthrown. The island's major crop, nutmeg, was significantly damaged by Hurricane Ivan in 2004. About 2 million years ago, Grenada was formed as an underwater volcano. Before the arrival of Europeans, Grenada was inhabited by Arawaks and, subsequently, Caribs. Christopher Columbus sighted Grenada in 1498 during his third voyage to the new world.",
"psg_id": "155323"
},
{
"title": "People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada)",
"text": "being ousted by the U.S. invasion of Grenada. People's Revolutionary Government (Grenada) The People's Revolutionary Government (PRG) was proclaimed on 13 March 1979 after the New Jewel Movement overthrew the government of Grenada in a revolution. The government suspended the constitution and ruled by decree until a factional conflict broke out, culminating in a United States military intervention on 25 October 1983. The New Jewel Movement (NJM) under the leadership of Maurice Bishop was the main opposition party in Grenada during the 1970s. In 1979, the NJM overthrew the government of Eric Gairy, which had ruled the country since independence",
"psg_id": "6827126"
},
{
"title": "History of Jamaica",
"text": "next year and was one of the architects of the Caribbean Basin Initiative, which was sponsored by Reagan. He delayed his promise to cut diplomatic relations with Cuba until a year later when he accused the Cuban government of giving asylum to Jamaican criminals. Seaga supported the collapse of the Marxist regime in Grenada and the subsequent US-led invasion of that island in October 1983. On the back of the Grenada invasion, Seaga called snap elections at the end of 1983, which Manley's PNP boycotted. His party thus controlled all seats in parliament. In an unusual move, because the Jamaican",
"psg_id": "212893"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "of the United States military when operating together as a joint force, contributing to investigations and sweeping changes in the form of the Goldwater-Nichols Act and other reorganizations. Sir Eric Gairy had led Grenada to independence from the United Kingdom in 1974. His term in office coincided with civil strife in Grenada. The political environment was highly charged and although Gairy—head of the Grenada United Labour Party—claimed victory in the general election of 1976, the opposition did not accept the result as legitimate. The civil strife took the form of street violence between Gairy's private army, the Mongoose Gang, and",
"psg_id": "1392013"
},
{
"title": "History of the foreign relations of the United Kingdom",
"text": "Ronald Reagan, based on their shared distrust of Communism. A more serious disagreement came in 1983 when Reagan did not consult with her on the invasion of Grenada. During her first year as Prime Minister she supported NATO's decision to deploy US nuclear cruise and Pershing II missiles in Western Europe and permitted the US to station more than 160 cruise missiles at RAF Greenham Common, starting on 14 November 1983. That decision triggered mass protests by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. She bought the Trident nuclear missile submarine system from the US to replace Polaris, tripling the UK's nuclear",
"psg_id": "19682351"
},
{
"title": "Grenada–North Korea relations",
"text": "assistance to the People’s Revolutionary Government of Grenada. The agreement was in return for weapons and ammunitions that were worth US$12 million. During the United States invasion of Grenada, North Korea sent 24 troops to fight against the United States and the Caribbean Peace Force troops. Grenada–North Korea relations Grenada–North Korea relations () were formally formal diplomatic relations between the People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. The People's Revolutionary Government of Grenada and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea established full diplomatic relations on Wednesday 9 May 1979. The two countries' diplomatic relationship ended",
"psg_id": "16614973"
},
{
"title": "Grenada",
"text": "which provided partial funding, all claimed the airstrip did not have military capabilities. Reagan was worried that Cubaunder the direction of the Soviet Unionwould use Grenada as a refuelling stop for Cuban and Soviet aeroplanes loaded with weapons destined for Central American communist insurgents. On October 25, 1983, combined forces from the United States and from the Regional Security System (RSS) based in Barbados invaded Grenada in an operation codenamed \"Operation Urgent Fury\". The US stated this was done at the behest of Prime Minister Eugenia Charles of Dominica. While the Governor-General of Grenada, Sir Paul Scoon, later stated that",
"psg_id": "11916885"
},
{
"title": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons",
"text": "work on \"Commander Keen in the Invasion of the Vorticons\". The Ideas from the Deep team, who referred to themselves as the \"IFD guys\", could not afford to leave their jobs to work on the game full-time, so they continued to work at Softdisk making \"Gamer's Edge\" games during the day while working on \"Commander Keen\" at night. They also continued to take home their work computers to Carmack's house on the weekends, putting them in their cars at night and bringing them back in the morning before anyone else arrived; they even began to request upgrades to the computers",
"psg_id": "19569769"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Commander Field Army (United Kingdom)",
"text": "Troops, Joint Helicopter Command, and Training Support under him. The post of Commander Field Army ceased to exist from 1 November 2011 following a major army command reorganisation. The post of Deputy Commander Land Forces was recreated again in January 2012. Recent Commanders have been:<br> Deputy Commander-in-Chief UK Land Forces Commander UK Field Army Deputy Commander-in-Chief Land Command Commander Field Army Deputy Commander Land Forces In 2011 a two-star appointment was created for the officer commanding the Territorial Army; this officer has inherited the above designation. Recent Commanders for the Territorial Army/Army Reserves have been: Deputy Commander Land Forces (Reserves)",
"psg_id": "13837275"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Commander (horse)",
"text": "Derby. However, by autumn he had matured into a powerful colt who won the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby before running second to Skip Away in the 1997 Breeders' Cup Classic at Hollywood Park Racetrack. After being retired from racing, Deputy Commander stood at stud in Kentucky at Stonerside Stable and Airdrie Stud, and in 2007 stood at stud at Ballena Vista Farm in Ramona, California. Among his progeny are Grab Your Heart and Deputy Glitters as well as Ten Most Wanted, who followed in his sire's footsteps by winning both the Travers Stakes and the Super Derby. Due",
"psg_id": "10284161"
},
{
"title": "Edward Trobaugh",
"text": "the 82nd Airborne Division from 24 June 1983 to 19 June 1985 and during this time led the division in the US invasion of Grenada. During the operation the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General John Vessey, reportedly called MG Trobaugh and said “We have two companies of Marines running all over the island and thousands of Army troops doing nothing. What the hell is going on?” His final assignment was as Deputy Commander, Fifth Army. Trobaugh retired from active service in 1987. After retiring from the U.S. Army in 1987, he returned to Kokomo Indiana. Edward Trobaugh",
"psg_id": "20558203"
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of Grenada",
"text": "System (RSS). Grenada has been an independent Commonwealth realm since 1974. Even under the People's Revolutionary Government, Grenada was never declared a republic, but remained a Commonwealth realm, albeit, under the dictatorship of the New Jewel Movement's leader, Maurice Bishop. Small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for cannabis and cocaine to the US. Foreign relations of Grenada The United States, Venezuela, Cuba, and the People's Republic of China have embassies in Grenada. Grenada has been recognized by most members of the United Nations and maintains diplomatic missions in the United Kingdom, the United States, Venezuela, and Canada. Grenada is a",
"psg_id": "155388"
},
{
"title": "Grenada",
"text": "served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974. Independence was granted on 7 February 1974, under the leadership of Eric Gairy, who became the first Prime Minister of Grenada. In March 1979, the Marxist–Leninist New Jewel Movement overthrew Gairy's government in a coup d'état and established the People's Revolutionary Government (PRG), headed by Maurice Bishop as Prime Minister. On 19 October 1983, hard-line Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice Bishop and placed Bishop under house arrest. Bishop was later freed by popular demonstration",
"psg_id": "11916870"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "of government, and formed an advisory council which named Nicholas Brathwaite as chairman pending new elections. Elections held in December 1984 were won by the Grenada National Party and a government was formed led by Prime Minister Herbert Blaize. U.S. forces remained in Grenada after combat operations finished in December as part of Operation Island Breeze. Elements remaining, including military police, special forces, and a specialized intelligence detachment, performed security missions and assisted members of the Caribbean Peacekeeping Force and the Royal Grenadian Police Force. The Point Salines International Airport was renamed in honor of Prime Minister Maurice Bishop on",
"psg_id": "1392054"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "gangs organized by the New Jewel Movement (NJM). In the late 1970s the NJM began planning to overthrow the government. Party members began to receive military training outside of Grenada. On 13 March 1979, while Gairy was out of the country, the NJM—led by Maurice Bishop—launched an armed revolution and overthrew the government, establishing the People's Revolutionary Government. The Bishop government began constructing the Point Salines International Airport with the help of Britain, Cuba, Libya, Algeria, and other nations. The airport had been first proposed by the British government in 1954, when Grenada was still a British colony. It had",
"psg_id": "1392014"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "who stated that they were safe and did not feel their lives were in danger. The next evening, again by telephone, medical students told Koppel how grateful they were for the invasion and the Army Rangers, which probably saved their lives. State Department officials had assured the medical students that they would be able to complete their medical school education in the United States. On 2 November 1983 by a vote of 108 in favour to 9 voting against (Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, El Salvador, Israel, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and the United States), with",
"psg_id": "1392049"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "27 abstentions, the United Nations General Assembly adopted General Assembly Resolution 38/7, which \"deeply deplores the armed intervention in Grenada, which constitutes a flagrant violation of international law and of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of that State.\" It went on to deplore \"the death of innocent civilians\" the \"killing of the prime Minister and other prominent Grenadians\" and called for an \"immediate cessation of the armed intervention\" and demanded \"that free elections be organized\". This was the first military rollback of a Communist nation. The Soviet Union said that Grenada had for a long time been the object",
"psg_id": "1392050"
},
{
"title": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons",
"text": "game, \"Commander Keen\", was developed for the Game Boy Color in 2001 by David A. Palmer Productions in association with id Software, and published by Activision. The original trilogy has been released as part of several collections since its first release: the \"id Anthology\" compilation in 1996, a compilation release by Apogee in 1998 of \"Invasion of the Vorticons\" and \"Goodbye, Galaxy\", a similar compilation in 2001 by 3D Realms titled \"Commander Keen Combo CD\", and the \"3D Realms Anthology\" in 2014. They have also been released for modern computers through a DOS emulator, and sold through Steam since 2007",
"psg_id": "19569784"
},
{
"title": "Kenneth Bowra",
"text": "Kenneth Bowra Kenneth Bowra is a retired major general who served in the US Army from 1970 to 2003. Bowra saw service with US special forces in the Vietnam War and Cambodian Civil War and has worked with the Central Intelligence Agency and Joint Special Operations Command. He later fought in the US Invasion of Grenada and in the Somali Civil War and First Gulf War. In 1998 he was given command of the John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School and in 2000 was deputy commander of NATO's Kosovo Force. Retiring in 2003 he is now a diplomat",
"psg_id": "17126732"
},
{
"title": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons",
"text": "success; Apogee, whose monthly sales had been around US$7,000, made US$30,000 on \"Commander Keen\" alone in the first two weeks and US$60,000 per month by June, while the first royalty check convinced the development team, then known as Ideas from the Deep, to quit their jobs at Softdisk. The team founded id Software shortly thereafter and went on to produce another four episodes of the \"Commander Keen\" series over the next year. The trilogy was lauded by reviewers due to the graphical achievement and humorous style, and id Software went on to develop other successful games, including \"Wolfenstein 3D\" (1992)",
"psg_id": "19569751"
},
{
"title": "Economy of Grenada",
"text": "million (1995) Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 – 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year Economy of Grenada Grenada has a largely tourism-based, small, open economy. Over the past two decades, the economy has shifted from one of agriculture-dominant into that of services-dominant, with tourism serving as the leading foreign currency earning sector. The country's principal export crops are the spices nutmeg and mace (Grenada is the world’s second largest producer of nutmeg after Indonesia). Other crops for export include cocoa, citrus fruits, bananas, cloves, and",
"psg_id": "155384"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "Syndrome so that the American public could be successfully galvanized to support new US military actions, with President Reagan after the invasion declaring: \"Our days of weakness are over. Our military forces are back on their feet and standing tall.\" A heavily fictionalized account of the invasion from a U.S. military perspective is shown in the 1986 Clint Eastwood motion picture \"Heartbreak Ridge\", in which Marines replaced the actual roles of U.S. Army units. Due to the movie's portrayal of several incompetent officers and NCOs, the Army withdrew its support of the movie. Analysis by the U.S. Department of Defense",
"psg_id": "1392059"
},
{
"title": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons",
"text": "and \"Doom\" (1993). The \"Vorticons\" trilogy has been released as part of several collections by id and Apogee since its first release, and has been sold for modern computers through Steam since 2007. The three episodes of \"Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons\" make up one side-scrolling platform video game: most of the game features the player-controlled Commander Keen viewed from the side while moving on a two-dimensional plane. Keen can move left and right and can jump; after finding a pogo stick in the first episode, he can also bounce continuously and jump higher than he can normally",
"psg_id": "19569752"
},
{
"title": "History of Grenada",
"text": "the army and executed along with seven others, including members of the cabinet on 19 October 1983. On 19 October 1983, the military under Hudson Austin took power in a second coup and formed a military government to run the country. A four-day total curfew was declared under which any civilian outside their home was subject to summary execution. A U.S.–Caribbean force invaded Grenada on October 25, 1983, in an action called Operation Urgent Fury, and swiftly defeated the Grenadan forces and their Cuban allies. During the fighting 45 Grenadians, 25 Cubans, and 19 Americans were killed. This action was",
"psg_id": "155342"
},
{
"title": "Capture of Grenada (1779)",
"text": "isle of Saint Vincent, fell on June 18, and d'Estaing turned his attention to other islands. He had hoped to capture Barbados, a key British possession, but after making no progress against the prevailing easterly trade winds, he turned his attention instead to Grenada. Grenada was one of Britain's richest colonies, producing significant quantities of sugar on its plantations. Lord Macartney, the British governor, had been alerted to the possibility of a French attack. He made repeated requests for support to Admiral Byron and the British commander at St. Kitts, but was told that Saint Vincent was the principal French",
"psg_id": "14905598"
},
{
"title": "Military history of the United States",
"text": "in Grenada, which had installed a communist-leaning government, led to increased tensions in the region. Neighboring nations asked the U.S. to intervene. The invasion was a hurriedly devised grouping of paratroopers, Marines, Rangers, and special operations forces in Operation Urgent Fury. Over a thousand Americans quickly seized the entire island, taking hundreds of military and civilian prisoners, especially Cubans, who were building a large military airstrip. In 1983 fighting between Palestinian refugees and Lebanese factions reignited that nation's long-running civil war. A UN agreement brought an international force of peacekeepers to occupy Beirut and guarantee security. US Marines landed in",
"psg_id": "1403048"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "a military intervention. U.S. President Ronald Reagan's justification for the intervention was in part explained as \"concerns over the 600 U.S. medical students on the island\" and fears of a repeat of the Iran hostage crisis. The U.S. invasion began six days after Bishop's death, on the morning of 25 October 1983, just two days and several hours after the bombing of the U.S. Marine barracks in Beirut. The invading force consisted of the U.S. Army's Rapid Deployment Force (the 1st and 2nd Ranger Battalions and 82nd Airborne Division paratroopers); U.S. Marines (22nd MAU); U.S. Army Delta Force; U.S. Navy",
"psg_id": "1392009"
},
{
"title": "Monarchy of Grenada",
"text": "Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated to the Governor-General of Grenada. Royal succession is governed by the English Act of Settlement of 1701, which is part of constitutional law. One of the most complicated features of the Grenadian Monarchy is that it is a shared monarchy. Fifty-two states are members of the Commonwealth of Nations. Sixteen of these states are specifically Commonwealth realms who recognise the same",
"psg_id": "11767826"
},
{
"title": "Order of Grenada",
"text": "her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General is formally advised by the National Awards Advisory Committee which consists of a citizen of Grenada appointed by the Governor-General after consultation with the Prime Minister of Grenada and the Leader of the Opposition, the Chairperson of the Public Service Commission, the Commissioner of Police, two persons representative of the public appointed by the Governor General one of whom is nominated",
"psg_id": "18902224"
},
{
"title": "Monarchy of Grenada",
"text": "legal personality of the State is referred to as \"Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada.\" For example, if a lawsuit is filed against the government, the respondent is formally described as Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Grenada. The monarch as an individual takes no more role in such an affair than in any other business of government. Monarchy of Grenada The monarch of Grenada is the head of state of Grenada. The present monarch is Elizabeth II, who is also Sovereign of a number of the other Commonwealth realms. The Queen's constitutional roles are mostly delegated",
"psg_id": "11767838"
},
{
"title": "History of Grenada",
"text": "full autonomy over its internal affairs. Herbert Blaize was the first Premier of the Associated State of Grenada from March to August 1967. Eric Gairy served as Premier from August 1967 until February 1974, as the Grenada United Labour Party won majorities in both the 1967 and 1972 general elections. On 7 February 1974, Grenada became a fully independent state. Grenada continued to practise a modified Westminster parliamentary system based on the British model with a governor general appointed by and representing the British monarch (head of state) and a prime minister who is both leader of the majority party",
"psg_id": "155339"
},
{
"title": "Order of the National Hero (Grenada)",
"text": "Master, who acts on the advise of the Prime Minister of Grenada and the National Awards Advisory Committee. The Governor General conducts vice regal investitures at Government House in St George's. Awards are usually announced each year on the occasion of the National Day of Grenada - 7 February. Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on",
"psg_id": "19434658"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom",
"text": "Tyne. William Whitelaw was Margaret Thatcher's \"de facto\" deputy from 1979–1988, an unofficial position he combined with that of Home Secretary in 1979–1983 and Leader of the House of Lords after 1983. Sir Geoffrey Howe was bestowed the title of Deputy Prime Minister by Thatcher in 1989, on being removed from the post of Foreign Secretary. He resigned as her deputy in 1990, making a resignation speech that is widely thought to have hastened Thatcher's downfall. Thatcher's successor John Major did not appoint a Deputy Prime Minister until 1995, when Michael Heseltine was given the post. John Prescott, who was",
"psg_id": "1415231"
},
{
"title": "Commander Keen in Invasion of the Vorticons",
"text": "items to keep them motivated. The game was completed in early December 1990, and on the afternoon of December 14, Miller began uploading the completed first episode to BBSs, with the other two episodes listed as available for purchase as a mailed plastic bag with floppy disks for US$30. \"Commander Keen\" was an immediate hit for Apogee: the company's previous sales levels had been around US$7,000 per month, but by Christmas \"Keen\" already had sales of almost US$30,000. Miller described the game as \"a little atom bomb\" to magazine editors and BBS controllers when asked about it; its success led",
"psg_id": "19569775"
},
{
"title": "The Man Who Never Was",
"text": "Balchin's screenplay won the BAFTA for that year. In 1943, Royal Navy Lieutenant Commander, Ewen Montagu (Clifton Webb), comes up with a scheme to deceive the Nazis about the impending invasion of Southern Europe. It entails releasing a dead body just off the coast of Spain, where strong currents will almost certainly cause it to drift ashore in an area where a skilled German secret agent operates. The corpse will appear as a plane crash victim, the non-existent Royal Marine, Major William Martin, who is carrying false letters about a forthcoming Allied invasion of German-occupied Greece, rather than the obvious",
"psg_id": "4111925"
},
{
"title": "History of Grenada",
"text": "He named the island \"Concepción.\" The origin of the name \"Grenada\" is obscure, but it is likely that Spanish sailors renamed the island for the city of Granada. By the beginning of the 18th century, the name \"Grenada\", or \"la Grenade\" in French, was in common use. Partly because of the Caribs, Grenada remained uncolonized for more than one hundred years after being sighted by Columbus. In June 1609, the first attempt at settlement by Europeans was made by an English expedition of 24 colonizers led by Mossis Goldfry, Hall, Lull, and Robincon, who arrived in the ships \"Diana\", the",
"psg_id": "155324"
},
{
"title": "1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election",
"text": "who won more than two-thirds of the votes. On the same day, Neil Kinnock won the leadership election. A young Peter Mandelson was employed in Hattersley's campaign team for the deputy leadership contest. The election took place at Labour Party conference, with affiliated trade unions holding 40% of the votes, delegates from Constituency Labour Parties holding 30% of the votes, and the Parliamentary Labour Party holding the final 30% of the votes. Labour Leadership Election, 1983 1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October",
"psg_id": "18356438"
},
{
"title": "Grenada",
"text": "of the NJM. Though Bishop cooperated with Cuba and the USSR on various trade and foreign policy issues, he sought to maintain a \"non-aligned\" status. Bishop had been taking his time making Grenada wholly socialist, encouraging private-sector development in an attempt to make the island a popular tourist destination. Hardline Marxist party members, including communist Deputy Prime Minister Bernard Coard, deemed Bishop insufficiently revolutionary and demanded that he either step down or enter into a power-sharing arrangement. On October 19, 1983, Bernard Coard and his wife Phyllis, backed by the Grenadian Army, led a coup against the government of Maurice",
"psg_id": "11916882"
},
{
"title": "People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)",
"text": "People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada) The People’s Revolutionary Army (PRA) was the military of Grenada between 1979 and 1983. The army was founded in the late 1970s as the National Liberation Army (NLA) by 12 members of the New Jewel Movement (NJM) who were known as “The 12 Apostles” including Hudson Austin and 11 others who had gone for secret military training in Guyana in preparation for the overthrow of the government of Eric Gairy. After the New Jewel Movement seized power, the army expanded at a rapid pace. By 1983 Grenada’s People’s Revolutionary Armed Forces (PRAF) outnumbered their Eastern Caribbean",
"psg_id": "14615878"
},
{
"title": "Grenadian Americans",
"text": "to have better jobs in Grenada in the future, they end up settling permanently in the US, and raising a family. Some do return to Grenada to help their compatriots. Grenadian Americans still retain strong ties to Grenada, and know much of the politics of their country, which is received by radio, newspapers and television. They also gather information through telephone communication with family and friends who still live there. Most Grenadian Americans supported the American invasion of Grenada in 1983 because they believed that, in this way, the US could restore democracy in that country. The Grenadians living in",
"psg_id": "15120182"
},
{
"title": "People's Revolutionary Army (Grenada)",
"text": "Council and imposed a 24-hour immediate curfew. Violators were to be shot on sight. The curfew lasted four days and many prominent citizens were arrested. This included former Bishop officials, PRA officers and NJM members thought to be disloyal. On 25 October 1983, 7,600 troops, mostly from the United States along with some from the Caribbean Peace Force invaded Grenada encountering resistance from 1,200 to 1,500 troops of the People's Revolutionary Army. Many of the Grenadian troops surrendered, but some put up stiff resistance against the U.S.-led invasion force. By 27 October 1983, most of the Grenadian soldiers had either",
"psg_id": "14615882"
},
{
"title": "HMS Grenada (1804)",
"text": "Burton replaced Barker as temporary commander. In mid-1808, \"Grenada\" recaptured the sloop \"Trafalgar\", Tyne, master, of Trinidad, which the French privateer \"Rodeur\" had captured. \"Grenada\" sent \"Trafalgar\" into Grenada. Then on 25 October, \"Grenada\" captured the French privateer \"Moriche\", of one gun and 60 men, off Trinidad. Then on 6 December 1808 Lieutenant Stephen Briggs commissioned \"Grenada\" for the Leeward Islands. He commanded her until she was sold. \"Grenada\", still under Briggs's command, also participated in the capture of Guadeloupe in January and February 1810. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasp \"Guadaloupe\" to all",
"psg_id": "18857013"
},
{
"title": "Politics of Grenada",
"text": "IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OECS, OPANAL, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WToO, WTrO,frat Politics of Grenada The politics of Grenada takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democracy, whereby the Prime Minister is the head of government. Grenada is an independent Commonwealth realm. It is governed under a multi-party parliamentary system whose political and legal traditions closely follow those of the United Kingdom; it has a prime minister and a cabinet, and a bicameral Parliament with an elected House of Representatives and an appointed",
"psg_id": "155371"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "officials, seizing caches of weapons, and seeing to the repatriation of Cuban engineers. On 1 November, two companies from the 22nd Marine Amphibious Unit made a combined sea and helicopter landing on the island of Carriacou 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Grenada. The nineteen Grenadian soldiers defending the island surrendered without a fight. This was the last military action of the campaign. Official U.S. sources state that some of their opponents were well prepared and well positioned and put up stubborn resistance, to the extent that the U.S. called in two battalions of reinforcements on the evening of 26",
"psg_id": "1392043"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "to land reinforcements on the island; the capture of Pearls Airport by the 8th Marine Regiment; and the rescue of the U.S. students at the True Blue Campus of St. George's University. In addition, a number of special operations missions were undertaken to obtain intelligence and secure key individuals and equipment. In general, many of these missions were plagued by inadequate intelligence, planning, and accurate maps of any kind (the U.S. forces mostly relied upon tourist maps). The nature of the Cuban military presence in Grenada was more complex than initially thought. As in Angola, Ethiopia, and other nations with",
"psg_id": "1392024"
},
{
"title": "Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)",
"text": "and after Ed Miliband resigned in 2015. Conversely, John Robert Clynes served as leader prior to becoming Deputy Leader. There are four living former deputy leaders. The most recent deputy leader to die was Denis Healey (1980-1983) on 3 October 2015. Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK) The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is a senior politician in the British Labour Party. The post is currently held by Tom Watson, who was elected as deputy on 12 September 2015. Unlike other political party leaders, the Labour leader does not have the power to appoint or dismiss his or",
"psg_id": "7948747"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "October. The Marines then captured Pearls Airport, encountering only light resistance, including a DShK machine gun which was destroyed by a Marine AH-1 Cobra. In the early morning of 25 October, UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters delivered SEAL Team 6 operators to Radio Free Grenada with the purpose of using the radio station for psychological operations. The station was captured unopposed and the SEALs destroyed the radio transmitter. However, a counter-attack with cars and an armored personnel carrier forced the lightly-armed SEALs to cut a fence and retreat into the ocean as they received fire from the armored personnel carrier. The SEALs",
"psg_id": "1392032"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "first day, the Army had to delay pursuing the second objective until it made contact with Marine forces. Early on the morning of the 26 October, a patrol from the 2nd Battalion of the 325th Infantry Regiment was ambushed by Cuban forces near the village of Calliste, suffering six wounded and two killed in the ensuing firefight, including the commander of Company B. Following that, U.S. Navy air strikes and an artillery bombardment by 105mm howitzers targeting the main Cuban encampment eventually led to their surrender at 08:30. US forces pushed on into the village of Frequente, where they discovered",
"psg_id": "1392038"
},
{
"title": "Demographics of Grenada",
"text": "Demographics of Grenada This article is about the demographic features of the population of Grenada, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. According to the 2011 census Grenada has 105,539 inhabitants. The estimated population of is (). The fertility rate in Grenada was 2.21 in 2013. The vast majority of the population of Grenada are of African descent (89.4% at the 2001 census). There is also a significant mixed population (8.2%), along with a small European origin minority (0.4%), East Indians (1.6%), and there are small numbers",
"psg_id": "155359"
},
{
"title": "1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election",
"text": "1983 Labour Party (UK) deputy leadership election A deputy leadership election for the Labour Party in the United Kingdom took place on 2 October 1983 to replace incumbent Deputy Leader Denis Healey. Healey had served in the position since 1980, becoming deputy leader at the same time that Michael Foot became party leader. Foot and Healey had both announced their resignations after the general election on 9 June 1983, in which a disastrous performance left the Labour Party with just 209 seats in parliament. The election was conducted using the Labour party's electoral college. It was won by Roy Hattersley,",
"psg_id": "18356437"
},
{
"title": "Dessima Williams",
"text": "served as Grenada’s representative to the Organization of American States, Deputy Governor to the World Bank and Deputy Permanent Representative to the Inter-American Commission of Women. At the Organization of American States, she shepherded resolutions such as the Caribbean as a Zone of Peace, Development and Independence and promotion of small island states. At 32 years of ages she was named ambassador to the United States by Grenada's Prime Minister Maurice Bishop, whose murder Aug. 12, 1983, set off a bloody power struggle on the island nation that led to the US invasion of Grenada. The Reagan administration refused to",
"psg_id": "7766903"
},
{
"title": "United States invasion of Grenada",
"text": "been designed by Canadians, underwritten by the British government, and partly built by a London firm. The U.S. government accused Grenada of constructing facilities to aid a Soviet-Cuban military buildup in the Caribbean based upon the 9,000-foot length runway, which could accommodate the largest Soviet aircraft like the An-12, An-22, and the An-124, which would enhance the Soviet and Cuban transportation of weapons to Central American insurgents and expand Soviet regional influence. Bishop's government claimed that the airport was built to accommodate commercial aircraft carrying tourists, pointing out that such jets could not land at Pearls Airport on the island's",
"psg_id": "1392015"
},
{
"title": "Order of Grenada",
"text": "Order of Grenada The Order of Grenada is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. The order recognises distinguished and outstanding service or meritorious service or achievement, or for gallantry. Nationals of Grenada and non-nationals may receive this Order. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in",
"psg_id": "18902223"
},
{
"title": "Military of Puerto Rico",
"text": "Puerto Rico as a base to rehearse and launch military operations in Latin America and throughout the world. Operations launched from Puerto Rico include the 1954 intervention in Guatemala; the 1965 invasion of the Dominican Republic; the 1983 invasion of Grenada; the 1989 invasion of Panama; support of Salvadoran military; preparation for operation Desert Storm and Desert Fox in Iraq; and preparation for the War in Yugoslavia. Near Aguada the US marine operates a LF-transmitter with a 367.3 metres tall guyed mast, the tallest man-made object in the Caribbean area . Military of Puerto Rico The military defense of Puerto",
"psg_id": "316303"
},
{
"title": "Soviet invasion of Xinjiang",
"text": "planes for about 30 days. When reports that the Chinese forces had defeated and killed the Soviets reached Chinese prisoners in Urumqi, they were reportedly so jubilant that they jumped around in their cells. Ma Hushan, Deputy Divisional Commander of the 36th division, became well known for victories over Russian forces during the invasion. At this point, Chiang Kai-shek was ready to send Huang Shaohong and his expeditionary force which he assembled to assist Ma Zhongying against Sheng, but when Chiang heard about the Soviet invasion, he decided to withdraw to avoid an international incident if his troops directly engaged",
"psg_id": "14652064"
},
{
"title": "Wyatt Cenac",
"text": "moving to Los Angeles. As of October 2014, Cenac lives in Fort Greene, Brooklyn and previously lived in Prospect Heights during Hurricane Sandy in 2012. Cenac is the nephew of the Hon. Mr. Justice Dunbar Cenac, Registry of the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. His father was the cousin of former deputy prime minister of Grenada Bernard Coard, who was imprisoned for 25 years following the American invasion of Grenada in October 1983. Cenac's paternal 3x-great-grandfather Cherebin Cenac was an officer from Agen, France on a French battleship during the Napoleonic Wars who settled in Soufrière, Saint Lucia. Cherebin's youngest child",
"psg_id": "12129101"
},
{
"title": "Order of the National Hero (Grenada)",
"text": "Order of the National Hero (Grenada) The Prestige Order of the National Hero is an order of chivalry and a society of honour instituted by Queen Elizabeth II in right of Grenada through the \"National Honours and Awards Act\" which having been passed by the House of Representatives of Grenada on 16 November 2007 and passed by the Senate of Grenada on 27 November 2007 received Royal Assent on 31 December 2007. Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign of the order in her capacity as Queen of Grenada. Appointments to the Order are made by Governor-General of Grenada, as Grand",
"psg_id": "19434657"
},
{
"title": "John W. Nicholson Jr.",
"text": "general officer in the United States Army, distantly related to British Brigadier John Nicholson (1822–1857). John W. Nicholson Jr. graduated from West Point in 1982 and was commissioned into the infantry. He earned a Bronze Star with \"V\" device as a paratroop lieutenant during the invasion of Grenada in 1983. He was a strategist for Eric Shinseki at the point of the 9/11 attacks. He went on to do six tours in Afghanistan. Nicholson was the deputy director of the Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization. He became commander of the 82nd Airborne Division in 2012. In 2014 Nicholson took",
"psg_id": "18795542"
}
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